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LIPPINCOTT’S 

NEW 

MEDICAL DICTIONARY 

A VOCABULARY OF THE TERMS USED IN MEDICINE, 
DENTISTRY, VETERINARY MEDICINE, AND 
THE ALLIED SCIENCES 

WITH THEIR 


PRONUNCIATION, ETYMOLOGY, AND SIGNIFICATION 


INCLUDING 


MUCH COLLATERAL INFORMATION OF A DESCRIPTIVE 
AND ENCYCLOPEDIC CHARACTER 


BY 

HENRY W. CATTELL, A.M. (Laf.)., M.D. (U. of P.) 

EDITOR OF INTERNATIONAL CLINICS, FELLOW OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA, ETC. 


FREELT ILLUSTRATED WITH FIGURES IN THE TEXT 


SECOND EDITION 



4 


PHILADELPHIA ^ LONDON 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY 


■v'V 


Copyright, 1910, by J, B. Lipp:ncott Company. 


Printed, August, 1910. 


Reprinted, November, 1910. 


Copyright, 1911, by J. B. Lippincott Company. 


Printed, August, 1911, 


Printed by J. B. Lippincott Company 
The IVashington Square Press, Philadelphia, U. S. A. 


© 01 . 429701 ? 






PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 


Demand for a reprint edition and a new edition of a book in less than a 
year from the date of issue is extremely gratifying to the Editor as well as to the 
Publisher. 

Over 5,000 additions and changes have been made in the text of this, the 

second edition. Seventy-one new illustrations have been added, a number of the 

old ones redrawn, and several discarded as no longer being suitable to the character 

of the work. About 500 new words have been inserted, many of which aj)pear for 

the first time in a dictionary. Medical literature has been carefully consulted for 

the latest expression of opinion upon matters that have been the object of recent 

scientific research, such as the atomic weights of the elements, Murphy’s treatment, 

pellagra, and syphilis. The Editor wishes to thank those who have assisted him 

in this revision and io express again his willingness to enter into correspondence 

with any purchaser of the work who may desire further information in regard to 
* • • * 
matters pertaining to the scope of this book. In making requests as to definitions 

of words not found in this dictionary the reference to where the word was printed 

or the source where it was heard will be appreciated. 

Henry W. Cattell, A.M., M.D. 

3709 Spruce Street, 

Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A. 

June 15, 1911. 



PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION 


The aim of the present work is to furnish the medical student, the practi¬ 
tioner of medicine, the laboratory worker, and whoever has occasion to use a 
medical dictionary, with a single volume of moderate compass and at a reasonable 
price, which shall attain the ideals of the user in regard to thoroughness, accu¬ 
racy, perspective and proportion, and general suitability to the year 1910. To 
be entrusted with the preparation of a book of this character is indeed a respon¬ 
sible but pleasurable task. Fortunately for the Editor he was able to use as a 
basis for this undertaking a medical dictionary every page of which bears evi¬ 
dence of the painstaking and scholarly work of the late John Ashhurst, M.D., 
LL.D., for many years Professor of Surgery in the University of Pennsylvania, 
of George Piersol, M.D., Sc.D., Professor of Anatomy in the same institution, 
and of Professor Joseph P. Remington, Ph.M., Phar.D., F.C.S., Chairman of 
the Committee of Revision of both the 1900 and 1910 United States Pharma¬ 
copoeias. Though Professors Piersol and Remington have taken no active part 
in the present edition, their recent standard works on Anatomy and Pharmacy 
have been freely drawn upon by the Editor in the preparation of the definitions 
and other matters of an encyclopedic nature pertaining to these important 
blanches of medicine. 

The completion of the work within five years would have been impossible 
had it not been for the editorial assistance of Mr. John Starr Hewitt, of Mr. O. F. 
Theis, and of Dr. Lucius Tuttle, a graduate of Yale and of Johns Hopkins 
University. The Editor is much indebted, not only to the above-named persons 
for valuable assistance, but also to an efficient staff of stenographers and readers 
in the search for new words. Many specialists have also aided in the prepara¬ 
tion of the manuscript in their own field of work in which they are authorities, 
and medical and scientific literature of a most diverse character has been freely 
drawn upon. 

The Editor trusts that every purchaser of the work will consider that he 
may secure information in regard to any new material appearing from time to 
time, or of any other matter not touched upon within the pages of this diction¬ 
ary, by sending an inquiry direct to the Editor, enclosing a self-addressed 
stamped envelope. Except during the summer months a prompt reply to all 
such inquiries may be expected. Such letters and any criticisms sent him will 
form the basis of future editions, when they are called for. 

Henry W. Cattell, A.M., M.D. 


August, 1910. 


IV 



EXPLANATORY NOTES 


Arrangement of Words and Treatment. —The terminology of modern 
medicine and of the allied sciences has become so vast and new terms are so 
constantly added, often only to be discarded in a few years, that one of the 
greatest difficulties confronting the medical lexicographer at the outset is how 
to find room for this mass of words and to make the volume contain as much 
information as possible in a given space. Even the most judicious selection 
leaves the number still too large to enable him to give as exhaustive a treat¬ 
ment to each word as he might desire. But by a carefully elaborated and original 
system of condensation and the omission of unessentials, the present work, it is 
believed, contains a larger number of actual entries than any other of corre¬ 
sponding size. Though some slight advantage might be gained by giving to 
each word a separate vocabulary entry, there are so many words with more or 
less self-evident meanings that they do not warrant the taking up of the space 
required for a full definition, often very largely a repetition of the preceding. 
This applies particularly to such parts of speech as adjectives, adverbs, or 
participles and derivatives formed by adding the common English suffixes. 
Words of this nature, as well as certain others, like pharmaceutical derivatives, 
etc., closely associated in thought with the main word, have accordingly been 
grouped, with or without definition, as the case required, in the same paragraph 
as the main entry and are preceded by a dagger (f). Thus, under amblyopia, the 
adjective amblyopic is entered without definition, the meanings which would take 
two lines of dictionary space to define being assumed to be self-evident; the more 
unusual derivatives amblyopiatrics and amblyoscope, while in the same paragraph, 
have their definitions. In the same manner alkalimetry is entered and defined, 
while alkalimeter, the instrument employed in alkalimetry, is given without 
definition. By this means alone over 2 per cent, of space has been saved. 

In addition to this space-saving arrangement, words having a common 
etymological element, especially when of a medical nature, are usually grouped 
together. Thus the element pneumo- is defined and the derivation is given. 
All w’ords of which it forms a component then follow in alphabetical order in the 
same paragraph. Occasionally when an important word occurs in such a list 
it is treated in full in its vocabulary place at the end, as is the case with pneu¬ 
monia. The value of the large amount of new material for which room is made, 
it is believed, far exceeds the occasional disadvantages resulting from this method 
of condensation. 

Except in the above-mentioned cases the arrangement of the words is 
strictly alphabetical, including abbreviations which are entered in the body of 
the work. Occasional signs and symbols are placed at the beginning of the 
letter they most nearly resemble; thus I^ is under the letter R. Phrases are 
entered under the first word only; thus Aden fever is entered between aden and 
adenalgia, instead of between adenemphraxis and adenia as it would be if it were 



VI 


EXPLANATORY NOTES 


a single word beginning adenf-; Qt. follows Q.v. instead of preceding it, etc. 
Qi, 0, etc. are always entered in the same alphabetical place as if spelled oe, 
not o, as is done in the British Museum Catalogue, Index Medicus, and other 
high-class reference works; in many cases a cross-reference is given from the 
other alphabetical place, thus Mobius and Mdller are also entered under mob- and 
mol- with cross-references to moe- where they are defined. 

The consistent alphabetical or individual-entry principle of a dictionary, 
in contradistinction to the classificatory principle of a treatise, has been followed 
out by entering binomial phrases under the most descriptive or important word 
rather than the more colorless one or than under the noun uniformly; thus 
tubercle bacillus is entered under the more specific word tubercle, although a cross- 
reference is also given under bacillus, and extensive lists of cross-references will 
be found under such general heads as abscess, sign, sac, serum, etc. For chemical 
prefixes the usual order of the chemical reference works has been abandoned for 
a strictly alphabetical one, as being more convenient for the general practi¬ 
tioner; thus w-benzene, /^-oxybutyric acid will be found under meta-, beta-, 
instead of under benzene, etc. The possessive 's has been uniformly considered 
as a part of the preceding word, not as a separate word; this results in Dubois- 
Reymond's preceding instead of following Dubois's in alphabetical order. 

A duplication of alphabetical arrangement will be found in certain places, 
made with the object of separating fundamentally different definitions or con¬ 
ceptions ; thus vinum xericum must be sought for under the list following vinuni 
(definition i), meaning a wine, while vinum picis will be found in the list follow¬ 
ing vinum (definition 2), a medicine made up with wine as a menstruum. In 
the same way my coderm will be found in the paragraph myco- meaning mucous, 
but mycoderma in the following paragraph of myco- in the sense of a fungus; 
myopiesis and myopiasis occur on different pages because one refers to myology 
and the other to a myopic condition; Tcenia elliptica and T. nigra will be found 
in a different paragraph from T. semicircular is and T. violacea because the former 
are tapeworms and the latter anatomical structures; oxyphil and oxyphor are 
separated in order to group one of them with the chemical o:ry-words; trip and 
tripe are separated by four pages; etc. 

In regard to the individual definitions, the vocabulary word in black 
type shows the syllabication, accent (pronunciation being especially indicated 
wherever not obvious), and capitalization, initial capitals being used only for 
proper names, adjectives derived from place-names, etc., in addition to the use 
of a distinguishing capital to indicate an abbreviation more emphatically; this 
is followed by the body of the definition, synonyms being placed at its conclusion 
and separated by semicolons. If a colon follows, it indicates succeeding additional 
descriptive matter, thus, p. 905, in 

Spa'tia zonula'ria*, a series of spaces between the zonula and the hyaloid membrane; 
zonular spaces: segments of the canal of Petit. 

the punctuation shows that only zonular spaces is a synonym, and that such 
spaces are, as a matter of fact, segments of Petit’s canal. The definition of 
spasm on the same page will show clearly this structure of the definition. After 
the cross-references in small capitals will be found two- or three-word phrases 


EXPLANATORY NOTES 


Vll 


in black type in which the repeated word is abbreviated to its initial except in 
irregular or foreign plurals, arranged in alphabetical order. The etymology, 
when given, then ends the definition proper, although in some cases derivative 
words, defined except when the meaning is obvious, follov; in the same para¬ 
graph, making a much more compact arrangement than usual, even if such 
words are in some cases slightly out of strict alphabetical order. Where initialed 
phrases are necessary under these allied words they are put in italics and the 
definitions separated by colons (compare acetabular, p. lo), as is also done with 
phrases under words which have been grouped, separated by dashes, under a 
prefix or combining form (see hcematoma, p. 401). Where derivatives have their 
meaning so obvious as to require no definition they have been separated by 
semicolons when synonymous and by periods when not, as, p. 683, 

tpap'u-lar,... pap-u-la'tion. pap-u-lif'e-rous. pap'u-losc; pap'u-lous. 

The eponymic terms are entered and defined under the proper names, and es¬ 
pecial attention has been paid to having them accurate. The Index Catalogue 
of the Library of the Surgeon-General's Office has been used as a standard. With 
very few exceptions the official preparations of the last edition of the United 
States Pharmacopoeia have been entered under the Latin names and their official 
nature is indicated by an asterisk (*). 

No attempt has been made to enter all the BN A terms in vocabulary place, 
because many of them are of too special or detailed a nature, and as a general 
principle it was considered preferable to retain the definitions under the terms 
of the older anatomical nomenclature. In all the most important cases, however, 
the BNA equivalent has been given as a synonym. The BNA terms whether 
in the vocabulary or not are also indicated by an asterisk (*), there being no dan¬ 
ger of confusion between terms belonging to the Pharmacopoeia and those of 
anatomy. 

In the definitions the aim has been to keep them as concise as is consistent 
with clearness and accuracy. Much matter of an encyclopedic and descriptive 
nature has been added: under the chief diseases, some account of their symp¬ 
toms, etiology, and treatment; under the drugs, their action, therapeutic use, 
and dose, the latter in both the metric system and the common equivalent; 
and under the anatomical parts, an outline of their structure and function. 

In addition material of a more or less suggestive nature has been introduced. 
There are frequent references to books and journals by aid of which any one 
specially interested in a given subject can turn to a more exhaustive treatment 
than could be given in the pages of this dictionary; sometimes these references are 
of an historical nature, indicating the original paper. Under the more impor¬ 
tant proper names the dates of birth and death and the nationality are given. 

The question of synonyms has also received careful attention. When the 
number of them and the frequently loose use of different terms for a single 
condition or a single term for different conditions* are considered, it can readily 
be seen what difficulties this subject has offered. This has been especially true 
in the case of zoological and botanical nomenclature. 

Orthoepy. —It has been a general custom in medical dictionaries to give a 
rather elaborate indication of the pronunciation of even the simplest words. 


EXPLANATORY NOTES 


• • • 

Vlll 

In some cases this has been done by using diacritical marks with the individual 
letters of the vocabulary word, although this makes the word-picture less dis¬ 
tinct and tends to confuse the reader. In other cases the word has been repeated 
with a phonetic spelling or other system of marking, making the entry occupy 
just double the original space. In either case it becomes necessary for the user 
to refer to an explanatory key. As the present work is intended for a class of 
readers who have a good general knowledge of the English language and is 
primarily for the purpose of defining medical terms, it has been considered 
unnecessary to give an explicit indication of the pronunciation of medical words 
except where it presents some difficulty or where experience has shown that 
mispronunciation is liable to occur. At the same time it will be seen that the 
vocabulary words have not been left with no guide to orthoepy. Accents are 
invariably given, except in French pronunciations, which are properly without 
a distinctive accent on any syllable, and each word is divided into syllables, 
except for certain Latin words such as generic names, which are merely accented, 
the reader being allowed to choose his own system of pronunciation. Thus, to 
take a few examples at random from the body of the work, the syllabication 
and the accents, primary and secondary, show distinctly the pronunciation of 
such words as ab-ar-tic-u-la'tion, ac'ti-no-my-co'sis, ad'de, an'thra-co-ne-cro'sis, 
hleph’a-ro>ath-e-ro'ma, hro’mo-hy-per-hi-dro'sis, hys-soph'thi-sis, car-di~ol'y-sis, 
cer-e-hel-lip'e-ial, chei-rar-tkroc'a-ce, der'ma-to-zo'dn, du'o-de-nos'to-my, ep'i-mere, 
-fla-ve'do, fo'mes, gla-di'o-lus, hep'a-tem-phrax'is, hol'a-gogue, im-pe-ti'go, and 
in-com-pat'i-ble. In less obvious cases the exact pronunciation is given, as will be 
seen under aboiement, Acacia, ai crepitant, BandVs, baycuru, bdellium, Beggiatoa, 
Bergkrankheit. For such difficult, irregular, or foreign words the excellent system 
of pronunciation used in the previous edition of Lippincott’s Medical Dictionary 
has been employed. 

The Et3rmologies. —The question of full etymologies in a medical dictionary 
belongs to the same debatable category as the pronunciation. Their impor¬ 
tance in recalling the meaning of a word or in tracing its history cannot be 
denied, but the busy physician or medical student is usually not especially 
interested in onomatology, and there will be found in this work sufficient for 
every purpose, for every important or unusual word has, as far as possible, 
its etymology. Keeping the latter point in view, an innovation has been made 
in that the etymologies are transferred from their usual position in dictionaries, 
immediately following the main entry, to the end of the definition. For the 
nicer points of the science of language and the intermediate steps of derivation 
there was no space. Those interested in such matters will have access to general 
dictionaries where such subjects are fully treated. In series of words which have 
a common element the etymology is frequently, for reasons of space, given only 
under one of the words. There are not a few medical terms which are formed 
contrary to scientific principles of word-formation. These errors where they 
occur are pointed out and the correct forms are given. 

The Orthography. —No attempt has been made to introduce innovations; 
the tendency, on the contrary, has rather been towards conservatism. On a 
subject in which there is such constant ebb and flux as in the spelling of words 
absolute uniformity is impossible, and the usages of certain standard works 


EXPLANATORY NOTES 


IX 


rather than arbitrary rules have been followed. The digraphs or diphthongs 
(£ and <r, following the example set by the United States Pharmacopceia, are pre¬ 
ferred to the now common e or sometimes used ae: thus, hcematin, rather than 
hematin or haematin. In the BN A terms the usage ae and oe, in accord with 
the preference of its compilers, has been retained, as have also certain other 
characteristic features of this terminology, e.g., lacrimale instead of lachrymale^ 
chorioidea instead of choroidea, etc. In accord with the Pharmacopoeia again, 
the final e of chemical terms is retained: thus, chloride, oxide, etc., rather than 
chlorid, oxid, etc.; similarly the ph: thus, sulphur rather than sulfur. In regard 
to the final e of the active principles the rule of the Pharmacopoeia has also been 
followed. For words of Greek derivation beginning in the original with p the 
rh is preferred to the r: thus, rhachitis rather than rachitis. In similar compound 
words the Greek rule has been followed of duplicating the r: thus, menorrhagia 
rather than menorhagia. Adjectives derived from a proper name are in most 
instances written with a lower-case letter: thus, eustachian rather than Eusta¬ 
chian, fallopian rather than Fallopian, etc. The same holds true of Latin words 
or phrases: thus, Helianthemum canadense rather than Helianthemum Cana- 
dense, facies hippocratica rather than facies Hippocratica. Latinized proper 
names are formed by the addition of -us rather than -ius, thus Addisonus and 
morbus addisoni (not addisonii), circuius willisi (not willisii). 

Because of the syllabication of the words in the vocabulary, the double 
hyphen has been used to distinguish the compound words. Words have gener¬ 
ally been hyphenated when two vowels are in juxtaposition: thus, angio-ataxia. 
Other cases have been governed by usage. 

Weights and Measures. —As the majority of reference books show decided 
discrepancies in the tables of equivalents, especial pains have been taken in the 
present volume to insure accuracy and reliability. The metric system, being 
the one used in all scientific work, is first given, and the derivation of the dif¬ 
ferent units explained. Then follow the tables of the other customary weights 
and measures, their interrelations being noted in each case. Exact equivalents 
between the different systems have been given in a single table, alphabetically 
arranged to facilitate reference to them, and are followed by a table of approxi¬ 
mate equivalents, such as will be found most useful for practical purposes 
where absolute accuracy is not necessary. 

In order to obtain a set of equivalents which can be used without doubt as 
to their dependability, all of them have been calculated from certain fimda- 
mental ratios, viz., the w^eight of an avoirdupois pound, 453.5924 Gm. (U, S. 
Bureau of Standards); the length of a metre in inches, 39.37043 (Captain 
Clarke’s determination, the usual scientific standard, but not the legal standard 
of either America or Great Britain; see note on page 1089); the number of cubic 
inches in an imperial gallon, 277.4629 (Standards Department, British Board of 
Trade); and the ratio of the imperial gallon to the litre, 4.545853, which was 
calculated from the following assumptions:—density of water at 62° F., the 
British standard of temperature, 0.9988809; weight at the latitude of London 
of one gallon of air containing an average amount of carbon dioxide and water 
vapor, barometer at 30 inches, 5.5323 Gm.; specific gravity of brass, 8.0. The 
results have been uniformly expressed to seven significant figures, which of 


X 


EXPLANATORY NOTES 


course need not all be used except when the greatest precision is required. In 
addition the ratios i U. S. dry bushel = 2150.42 cu. in., and i litre = 1000.120 
Cc. have been used in calculating equivalents involving dry measures and cubic 
centimetres, such equivalents being accordingly given only to six significant 
figures. Care has been taken to avoid giving the results of any theoretical cal¬ 
culation with an apparent accuracy carried out beyond the number of decimals 
justifiable in each given instance, as well as the opposite extreme of using such 
contradictory expressions as “i Cc. equals 16.00 minims, or, more accurately, 
16.23 minims,” formerly to be seen in more than one medical dictionary. An¬ 
other improvement that has been made in the present work consists in giving 
equivalents in the form that will be most useful to the reader. Thus, instead 
of ”i kilometre = o miles, 160 rods, 213 yards, i foot, and 10.432 inches,” with 
no definition of rod either in the vocabulary place or in the tables, a kilometre 
is given as ”3280.869 feet, or 0.6213767 mile.” 

Cross-references. — This is one of the distinguishing and most valuable 
features of the volume. Its essential principle is extremely simple. The printing 
of a word in small capitals shows that further information may be found under 
that term. The word may occur in the text of a definition, or it may be preceded 
by the sign of equality (=) or an index , indicating in the former case an 

equivalent or synonym; the meaning is always the same, that further information 
will be found at the given place. Not only has this been done, but there is hardly 
an important word which has not cross-references to other words associated with 
it in meaning or having some other connection. Under amblyopia, for example, 
there are references to amaurosis, hemeralopia, and nyctalopia; at the end 
of the definition of amusia there is a reference to the associated paramusia; at 
puberty, to menstruation and nubility; etc. Under many of the more im- 
' portant words lists of specially named varieties have been carefully prepared 
and alphabetically arranged, which give at a glance a summary of what may be 
found at other places in the dictionary. A typical list of this nature occurs at 
aneurism. There the reader will see at once that abdominal aneurism is to be 
found defined under abdominal because this word is in small capitals; BeWs 
aneurism, on the contrary, he will find referred immediately to aneurismal 
VARix, where the definition is given. The very great value of such references is 
so apparent that further explanation is scarcely necessary. 


EXPLANATION OF THE SYSTEM OF PHONETIC 

NOTATION 


In accordance with the opinions of all scientific phoneticians, the notation 
is based upon the alphabet as pronounced according to the Roman method,—• 
that is, as it was pronounced in the classical period, and as, with a few local or 
national variations, it has been pronounced by all nations which have adopted 
it. The original sounds of the letters afford the only practical basis for any 
phonetic notation not involving new characters or newly marked letters. 

1. The vowel letters unmarked have their Latin or Roman sounds, short, but distinct: 
a as in ask, past; e as in regime (or the a of prostrate); i as in piano, studio; o as in obey, 
biometrical; u as in prudential, instrument. 

2. The vowel letters marked with the circumflex have their corresponding Latin or 
Roman sounds, long: a as in part, arm; e as in fete (or the a of fate); i as in pique, ma¬ 
chine; 6 as in mode, rose; as in rule, prudent. 

3. The vowel letters in italic form have an open or wide sound: a as in hat, man; 
e as in met, men; i as in pin, pit; p as in not, nod; k as in pull, could. 

4. The vowel letters in the italic form and marked with a circumflex have a sound 
similar to that of the italic forms, but lengthened: d as in bare, pare, fair; e as in there, 
bear; i as in bier, pier; a-as in form. 

5. The vowel u in but, bud, and sum has a sound almost peculiar to English, and is 
represented by the sign u (small capital). 

6. The sounds of e and u before r, as in fern, burn, are indicated by a special form 
of circumflex, the so-called “tilde,” namely, e and ii. 

7. When the vowels occur in positions where by reason of weak stress or other causes 
the sound is slighted or obscured, approaching closely with the sound of u in but, this fact 
is indicated by a dot below the letter: a as in sofa, America; a as in American, Republican; 
e as in tablet, comet; i as in spirit, necessity; 0 as in atom, gallop. 

8. The diphthongs are denoted in the only rational way, by the combination of the 
letters representing their elements. 

9. The consonants are used uniformly with their original Latin powers, but with such 
additions as modern pronunciation requires. (For irregular or new combinations of conso¬ 
nants, see the Key on the following page.) 

The system of phonetic notation here adopted, and above briefly explained, 

is fundamentally that which is now used by all philologists who have to do with 

scientific phonetics; but the principle of the uniform and significant use of both 

Roman and italic types and of unmarked, circumflexed, and dotted letters, in a 

consistent system as here set forth, is due to an American philologist who has 

applied it in a more -elaborate form in a lexicographic work not yet published. 

The system is here used with his permission; but for its application in this 

work, and for the pronunciation given, the present Editor is alone responsible. 

xi 



KEY TO PRONUNCIATION 


(This system is to be applied only to those words spelled phonetically, and is not to be used for the words in 

heavy-faced type when divided or accented,) 

Vowels with their historical English values, the same as the Continental or 
Roman values : 

Short, unmarked, a e i o u. 

Long, circumflexed, a e i 6 li. 

Other vowels indicated by the same letters in Italic form : 

Short, unmarked, a e i o u. 

Long, circumflexed, d e i d H. 

Note that c and g have always their true historical sounds, the so-called 


“ hard,” as in cat and go. 

a as in ask, fast, chant. 

4 as in far, arm, calm, 
a as in sofa, America, particular. 
a as in hat, mat, man. 
d as in bare, hare, fair, 
a as in American, republican. 

e as in regime, prostrate, usage. 

4 as in fete, fate, eight. 
e as in met, men, head. 

5 as in there, where, bear. 
e as in fern, earth, bird. 

e as in billet, comet, added. 

i as in piano, medial, studio. 

1 as in pique, machine, meet, 
i as in pit, pin, begin, 
i as in pier, peer, clear, 
i as in spirit, necessity. 

o as in obey, potato, biological. 

6 as in no, node, sowl. 

o as in actor, adductor. 
o as in not, odd, what. 
o as in form, broad, fall. 

0 as in atom, gallop. 
d as in Ger. Gdthe, getter. 


u as in instrt^ment, prudential. 

4 as in r^ile, priident, move. 
u as in pwll, could, book, 
u as in bwrn, coZonel. 
u as in hut, hud, come, 
ti as in Ger. Mfdler, griin, F. jus. 

ai as in aisle, isle, bite, 
au as in Fawst, how, now. 
iu as in new-trality, emwlate. 
id as in fewd, iew, stwpid. 
oi as in oil, coin, boy. 

c (hard) =k as in eat, king, chasm. 
CH as in loch, Ger. hoch. 
cw = qu as in queen, quit. 
dh=th as in thine, this, smooth. 

g (hard) as in go, gallon. 
hw=wh as in where, when. 

j as in jaw, fudge, edge. 
ng as in sing, hank. 
h in (French) as in ton, boh. 
s as in 5on, 5it, city, 
sh as in shall, machine, motion 
th as in thin, hreath. 
tsh as in church, much, witch. 

z as in 2one, mujic. 
zh as in asure, cohesion. 


Xll 






GREEK ALPHABET 


Small IS 

'ame of Letter 

Capitals 

Pronunciation 

0 

Eng. Equiv. 

a 

Alpha 

A 

as “ a ” in calm 

A 

P or S 

Beta 

B 

as English B 

B 

Y ^ 

Gamma 

r 

as English G 

G 

5 

Delta 

j 

as English D 

D 

£ 

Epsilon 

E 

as “ e ” in met 

E 

c 

Zeta 

z 

as English Ds 

Z 

’y 

Eta 

H 

as “ a ” in came 

E 

0 or 

Theta 

0 

as English Th 

Th 

t 

Iota 

I 

as “i” in pit 

I 

K 

Kappa 

K 

as English K 

K 

A 

Lambda 

A 

as English L 

L 


Mu 

M 

as English M 

M 

V 

Nu 

i\ 

as English N 

N 

tm 

Xi 


as English Ks 

X 

o 

Omicron 

0 

as “ o ” in not 

0 

TT 

Pi 

II 

as English P 

p 

P 

Rho 

F 

as English R 

R 

(7 ‘ or s: ^ 

Sigma 

V 

as English S 

S 

4 

Tau 

T 

% 

as English T 

T 

U 

Upsilon 

r 

as “ u ” in German buch 

Y 

<P 

Phi 

(p 

as English F 

Ph(F) 

X 

Chi 

X 

as “ ch ” in German buch 

Ch 


Psi 

qr 

as English Ps 

Ps 

U) 

Omega 


as “ o ” in omit 

0 

' Before k., 

}, X, or gamma (y) has 

1 a nasal sound, like that of 

n in anger 


2 Form found at the beginning or in the body of a word ) 

^ Form found at the end of a word / 

Breathings. —Every vowel or diphthong at the beginning of a word has either the 
rough breathing (') or the smooth breathing (’). The rough breathing shows that the vowel 
is aspirated, i.e., that it is preceded by the sound “ h ”; the smooth breathing shows that the 
vowel is not aspirated. Thus opwv, seeing, is pronounced hbron; but opwv, of mountains, is 
pronounced 6r6n. 

At the beginning of a word p (rho) is written p; as in pprup (Latin rhetor), orator. In 
the middle of a word pp is sometimes written pp as appproc, unspeakable; Uvppoc, Pyrrhus 
(pp = rrh). 

Accent.— There are three accents in Greek: the acute ('), as Adyof, the grave ('), as 
avTog, the circumflex or "), as roDro, T/.pc)v. 

The accent marks the syllable upon which the stress of voice falls, the form of accent 
making no difference in the pronunciation of the word. It may be of historical interest to 
know that “the marks of Greek accent were invented by Aristophanes of Byzantium 
about 2 00 B. C. in order to teach foreigners the correct accent in pronouncing Greek.” 

Diphthongs. —A diphthong is the union of two vowel sounds in one syllable. In 
Greek the diphthongs are— 

ai, pronounced like the “ ai ” in aisle. eu, pronounced like the “ u ” in music. 

pronounced like the “ ow ” in cow. oi, pronounced like the “ oy ” in boy. 

pronounced like the “ a ” in ate. ov, pronounced like the “ oo ” in doom. 

—Based on Goodwin’s Greek Grammar. 




xiii 



GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS USED 

IN THE TEXT! 


Abbr.Abbreviation. 

A. S.Anglo-Saxon. 

BNA.Basle Anatomical Nomencla¬ 

ture. 

B. P., B.Ph... British Pharmacopoeia, 

dim.diminutive. 

E., Eng.English. 

e.g .L. exempli gratia, for example. 

fern.feminine. 

F.French. 

Ger.German. 

gen.genitive. 

G.P., Ger.P. German Pharmacopoeia. 

Gr.Greek. 

I., It.Italian. 

i.e .L. id est, that is. 

L.Latin. 


mas.masculine. 

n.noun. 

neut.neuter. 

N. F.National Formulary. 

obs.obsolete, or obsolescent. 

O. E.Old English. 

O.F.Old French. 

pi.plural. 

sing.singular. 

Sp.Spanish. 

Turk.Turkish. 


U.S.P.United States Pharmacopoeia 


(Eighth Decennial Revi¬ 
sion) . 

unof.unofficial. 

V.verb. 

viz ..L. videlicet, namely. 


t 

If 


+ 

< 


0 

[] 




An asterisk denotes a U.S.P. or BNA term. 

A dagger indicates derivative or allied words that follow in the same paragraph. 

A paragraph mark indicates the source from which a rare, new, or doubtful word is 
taken, or where more extended information may be obtained in regard to the 
subject under consideration, as when the original article of the author is given 
in which the word first appeared. 

The plus sign in etymologies is to be read “and” or “together with.” 

The sign of inequality in etymologies is to be read “is derived from.” 

The sign of equality indicates that the word following is a synonym. 

The index preceding a word in small capitals indicates “see,” or “look under the 
word indicated for further information.” 

Parentheses are used to enclose pronunciations. 

Brackets are used to enclose etymologies and references to original sources, etc. 

Quotation marks are used for translations of words or phrases. 

Small capitals indicate that further information will be found under the word 
so printed, thus furnishing a useful method of cross-references for collateral 
information. 

The Carman double hyphen is invariably used in the text to indicate cases where a 
hyphen should always be written; elsewhere the single hyphen (-) is used where 
a word is divided at the end of a line, or to show syllabication. 

The ordinary mark of accentuation is used to indicate the primary accent of a word. 

A small dot just above the line is used to denote a secondary or subordinate accent. 


*The language of a foreign word is indicated by an abbreviation except in case of Greek, where the alphabet 
itself is considered sufficiently characteristic to render this unnecessary. 


XIV 

































ABBREVIATIONS OF THE MORE IMPORTANT JOURNALS, 
BOOKS, ETC., REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT 


A. J. D. 

A. J. M. S. 

A. J. Physiol. 

A. J. S. 

A. M. 

A. W. m. Ztg. 

Am. Vet. Rev. 

Am. X-ray J. 

Amer. Code of Bot. Nomenclature 

Amer. Inst, of Homoeopathy. 

An. S. 

Arch. g 6 n. d. m. 

B. M. J. 

Beitr. z. chem. Phys. u. Path... . 

Berl. klih. W. 

Biochem, Cb. 

Boston Med. and Surg. Jr. 

Burrill. 

C. f. B., Cb. f. B., Cb. f. Bakt. 

C. M. R. 


American Journal of Dermatology. 

American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 

American Journal of Physiology. 

American Journal of Surgery. 

American Medicine. 

Allgemeine Wiener medizinische Zeitung. 

American Veterinary Review. 

American X-ray Journal. 

American Code of Botanical Nomenclature. 
American Institute of Homoeopathy. 

Annals of Surgery. 

Archives g^n^rales de m^decine. 

British Medical Journal. 

Beitrage zur chemischen Physiologic und Pathologic. 
Berliner klinische Wochenschrift. 

Biochemisches CentralblStt. 

Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. 

Burrill’s Law Dictionary and Glossary. 

Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologie. 

Chicago Medical Record. 


C. r. S. B., Compt. rend., Compt. rend. 

Soc. biol. 

Clin. J.. 

D. A. Z. 

Db. 

D 1 . 

Dn. 

E. 

E. M. J. 

Eu. 

F. 

G. 

Gaz. m^d. de Par. 

Gn. 

Gt. 

Hb. 

Hyg. Bui. 

I. C. 

I. Cla., Int. Clas. 

I. M. 

I. M. M. 

Int. Surg. Congress of Brussels. 

J. A. M. A. 


Comptes rendus des stances, et m^moires de la 
Soci^t^ de biologic. 

Clinical Journal. 

Deutsche Arzte-Zeitung. 

Dornbliith’s klinisches WOrterbuch (1911). 
Dorland’s American Medical Dictionary. 

Dunglison’s Medical Dictionary. 

Emerson’s Clinical Diagnosis. 

Edinburgh Medical Journal. 

Eulenburg’s Encyclopadie der gesammten Heil- 
kunde. 

Fuchs’s Ophthalmology. 

Gould’s Medical Dictionary. 

Gazette m^dicale de Paris. 

Green’s Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine 
and Surgery. 

Guttmann’s Medizinische Terminologie. 

Hoblyn’s Dictionary of Medical Terms. 

Bulletin of the Hygienic Laboratory, United States 
Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service. 
International Clinics. 

International Classification of Causes of Sickness 
and Death. 

Index Medicus. 

International Medical Magazine. 

International Surgical Congress of Brussels. 

Journal of the American Medical Association. 


XV 













































XVI 


ABBREVIATIONS 


J. C. P. T.Journal of Comparative Pathology and Thera¬ 

peutics. 

J. Franklin Inst.Journal of the Franklin Institute. 

J. H. H. Bull., J. H. B.Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin. 

J. Infect. Dis.Journal of Infectious Diseases. 

J. M. R.Journal of Medical Research. 

J. P. B.Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology. 

J. Trop. M. and Hyg., Jr. Trop. Med.. .Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 

Keen.Keen’s System of Surgery. 

.Lancet (London). 

Len.Lengerken’s Handbuch neuerer Arzneimittel. 

Lt.... .Littrd and Gilbert’s Dictionnaire de M^decine. 

M. and H., M. H.Muir and Hewlitt’s Bacteriology. 

M. m. W.Miinchener medizinische Wochenschrift. 

M. R..Medical Record. 

Monatsh. f. prakt. Dermat.Monatsheft ftir praktische Dermatologic. 

Miinchen. med.Wchnschr., Miinch. med. 

Wchnsch.Miinchener medizinische Wochenschrift. 

N. Orl. M. & S. J.New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. 

N. Y. Med. Jour., N. Y. M. Jr., N. Y. 

M. J.New York Medical Journal. 

O.Osier’s Practice of Medicine. 


O., j—vij; O., Mod. Med.; Osier, Mod. 


Med.Osier’s Modern Medicine, vols. i-vii. 

Orvosi hetil .Orvosi hetilap, Budapesth. 

P.Piersol’s Anatomy. 

Pharm. Rev.Pharmaceutical Review. 

R.Roth’s klinische Terminologie. 

Reichs-Med.-Anz.Reichs-Medicinal-Anzeiger. 

Remington.Remington’s Pharmacy. 

Rev. mdd. d. I’Afrique d. nord.Revue medicale (medecine humaine et v^tdrinaire) 

de I’Afrique du nord (Algdrie et Tunisie). 

Rif. med.Riforma medica. 

Rose.A. Rose, in Medical Notes and Queries. 

S.Stitt’s Practical Bacteriology, Blood Work and 

Animal Parasitology. 

S. P. C.Squire’s Pocket Companion, and supplements. 

Sp. Phar.Spanish Pharmacopoeia. 

U. S. N. M. B.United States Navy Medical Bulletin. 

W. kl. W.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 

W. m. W.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift. 

W. P. P.Woodhead’s Practical Pathology (1910). 

Wood.Wood’s Therapeutics. 

Z. f. wissensch. Zool.Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie. 


Zbl. f. d. ges. Physiol, u. Path. Stoffw.. Zentralblatt fiir die gesammte Physiologic und Pa¬ 
thologic des Stoffwechsels mit Einschluss der ex- 
perimentellen Therapie. 





































LIPPINCOTT’S 

NEW 

MEDICAL DICTIONARY 


A 

AA ABANGA 


aa, aa, a. In equal parts by weight or measure ; of 
each; ana: used in prescription writing, as:— 

R Magnesii sulphatis, 


Sodii sulphatis, aa. j, 

Aquae, q.s. ad.f 5 ij. 


where the aa denotes that of the two salts one 
drachm each by weight is to be used in filling the 
prescription. [ < L. a'na fr. the Greek distributive 
adverb dvd up through, throughout.] 
a. The Greek letter alpha, corresponding to the 
first letter of the Roman alphabet, i. It is used 
in chemistry to distinguish (i) the first of two 
compounds which have received the same name, 
as ALPHA=>EUCAiNE, and beta=eucaine; (2) the 
position in the side^chain of a substitution 
product of a fatty acid or of certain other sub¬ 
stances, the carbon atoms being lettered a, j3, 
7, ... beginning with the one nearest some special 
carbon atom or other atom of the compound. 
Thus, lactic acid, CH3-CH(OH)—COOH, is 
propionic acid, while its isomer, hydracrylic acid, 
CH2(0H)-CH2-C00H, is / 5 spropionic acid, the 
carbon atoms of the fatty acids being lettered as 

follows: - e 5 V /3 a 

.. .CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH. 
Thus, in naphthalene the points at which the 
HO may be substituted to form a^hydroxynaph- 
thalene are at i, i', 

4,or4',and for/?»hy- 
droxynaphthalene 
at 2, 2', 3, or 3'. &- 
Anthracene; pyr¬ 
idine; BENZENE* 

RING, under which 
term will be found 
an explanation of 
the chemical use of 
ORTHO-, PARA-, and 
META-. asaniidos/3s 
oxypropionic acid= 

SERIN, def. 3. (zsam- 
idopropionic acid 


a a 



Substitution Points of a and 
^ Compounds of Naphtha¬ 
lene. 


= ALANiN. asgran- 

ules, asleucocyte, ^ alpha, aspyrrolidinscarbox- 
ylic acid = prolin. 2 . Radium. 

A. I. Abbr. for anterior ; accommodation ; anode ; 
acetum; ana (is-aa). 2. Tl>e chemical symbol 
for argon. 3. The symbol for total acidity. 
a. A Latin preposition meaning “from,” as in mania 
a potu, “ mania from drinking.” 
d. A French preposition signifying “ to” or “ at, ” as 
d deux temps, “at two times.” ^Folie X deux. 


a-, an-. A prefix having a negative or privative 
force in words of Greek derivation, as a/om'c, “with¬ 
out tone”; “ without a head.” Before 

a vowel or h the full form an- is used, as anaesthetic, 
“withoutsensation”; “withoutwater.” 

It corresponds to the Latin non and to the prefixes 
IN- and UN-. [ < a the Greek letter alpha, called 
alpha privative, and meaning “ without,” “ not”; 
before a word beginning with a vowel written ar>.] 
A. B. C. liniment. A liniment composed of equal 
portions of aconite, belladonna, and chloroform 
liniments; linimentum aconiti compositum. A. 
B. C. method, a method of deodorizing sewage 
by adding alum, blood, clay, and charcoal. 

A. B. S. pill. A laxative pill containing ^ gr. aloin, 
gr. belladonna extract, and gr. strychnine. 
A.C. Abbr. for air conduction; anodal closing; and 
L. an'te ci'bos, before meals. 

A.C.C. Abbr. for anodal closure contraction. 

A. C. E. mixture. An anaesthetic made of i part 
alcohol, 2 parts chloroform, and 3 parts ether. 
A.C.P. Abbr. for anodal closing picture. 

A.C.S. Abbr. for anodal closing sound. 

A.D. Abbr. for anodal duration and L. au'ris 
dex'tra, right ear. 

A.D.C. Abbr. for anodal duration contraction. 
A.D.S. Abbr. for American Druggists Syndicate. 
A.M. Abbr. for amperemeter. 

A.M.A. Abbr. for American Medical Association. 
A.O. Abbr. for anodal opening. 

A.O.C. Abbr. for anodal opening contraction. 
A.O.P. Abbr. for anodal opening picture. 

A.O.S. Abbr. for anodal opening sound. 

A.V. Abbr. for auriculoventricular. 

Aar'on’s beard. The plant Hyper'icum ascy'ron, or 
great St. John’s wort, a former remedy for hemor¬ 
rhoids. A.’s rod, pedunculated spores arranged 
along opposite sides of a microsporon filament, 
ab. A Latin preposition meaning “from”: often 
used as a prefix. 

ab'a-ca. Manila hemp, or the plant Mu'sa tex'tilis. 
abac'tus ven'ter, abac'tio par'tus. Abortion induced 
by art. [L., “ belly expelled.”] 

Abadie’s sign (a-ba-dlz). i. Spasm of the levator 
palpebrae superioris muscle in exophthalmic goitre. 
2. Pressure analgesia of the tendo achillis in tabes, 
abaliena'tio men'tis. Mental decay. [L.] 
ab-a-li-en-a'tion. Loss or decay, especially a decay 
of the mental faculties. [ < L,. ab away 4 - aliena're 
to estrange.] fab-a'li-en-a-ted. 
ab'a-net. A girdle*like bandage. [Heb.] 
a-ban'ga. A West Indian palm-tree, the fruit of 
which is used as a remedy in pulmonary diseases. 

1 








ABDOMINAL 


ABANON 


ab'a-non. Magnesium phosphotartrate: a propri¬ 
etary laxative. 

a-bap-tis'ton, -ta. A trepan so guarded as to pre¬ 
vent it from plunging into the brain. [ < a priv. -f 
(SaTTT'ii^eiv to plunge.] 

ab-ar-tic'u-lar. Situated away from a joint, 
ab-ar-tic-u-la'tion, ab-ar-thio'sis. i. A dislocation 
or luxation. 2. = Diarthrosis. 
a-ba'si a. Inability to walk, due to motor incoordi¬ 
nation. It is a functional disease, rarely occurring 
alone, but usually a part symptom of hysteria and 
sometimes due to central or spinal affections; as- 
TASIA = ABASIA. (Blocq.) I^AsTASIA ; DYSBASIA. A. 

atac'tica, a variety marked by morbid awkward¬ 
ness and unsteadiness of movement. A. choreat'- 
ica, a variety marked by choreic spasms of the legs. 
A. paralyt'ica, inability to walk due to the suc¬ 
cumbing of the legs under the weight of the body. 
Paroxysmal trepidant a., astasia^abasia due to a 
spastic stiffening of the legs, analogous to that of 
spastic paraplegia. A. trep'idans, abasia due to 
trembling of the legs. [< a priv. -f (Sdaig step.] 
ta-ba'sic. 

abatage (a-bd-tdzh). i. Casting an animal for oper¬ 
ation or slaughter. 2. Stamping out of disease 
by killing infected animals. [F.] 
a-bate'ment. Decrease in intensity, as of a pain or 
other unfavorable symptom, 
abattoir (a-ba-twor). A public slaughter=house 
where animals are killed and dressed for market 
tmder hygienic conditions. [F.] 
ab-ax'ial, ab-ax'ile. Not on or in the axis, 
ab-ba'zia. = Abasia. 

Abbd’s apochromatic lens (a-bez). A variety of 
APOCHROMATIC LENS. A.’s 
condenser or illuminator, 
an accessory consisting of 
a series of nonsachromatic 
lenses, of very wide angle, 
placed beneath the stage of 
a microscope to secure pow¬ 
erful illumination. A.’s 
testsplate, a silvered mi¬ 
crometer for testing spher¬ 
ical aberration and the 
degree of its correction in 
microscopic objectives, 

Apertometer. [< Ernst 
Abbe, a German physicist, 

1845-1905.] 

Ab'be’s operation. Lateral 
intestinal anastomosis with 
A.’s rings, oval rings with 
an inside diameter of about 
2 inches, composed of 8 to 
10 turns of catgut. A.’s 


0.09 




0.24 

Abbe’s Test-plate.— 
Two of the six cover- 
glasses on a slide, the 
figures 0.09, 0.12, 

o.is, 0.18, 0.21, and 
0.24 representing 
the thickness of the 
slides in millimetres, 
while the fine lines to 
test spherical aberra¬ 
tion are only seen mi¬ 
croscopically in the 
white spaces. 


string method = string 

METHOD. 

Abb^sZeiss cell. = Thomas 
Zeiss counting cell. 

ABC liniment. = A. B. C. 

LINIMENT. ABC method 
= A. B. C. METHOD. 

ab-de-ia'vi. The diuretic fruit of Cu'cumis cha'ie. 
ab-do'men or ab'do-men. The belly; that part of 
the body which lies between the thorax and the 
pelvis; the largest cavity of the body, separated 
by the diaphragm from the thoracic cavity and 
lined by a serous membrane, the peritoneum. 
Its lower part i§ the pelvic cavity. It is com¬ 
monly divided into nine regions: (i) above, the 
epigastric, with the right and left hypochondriac; 


(2) the central, or umbilical, with the right and 
left lumbar; and (3) the hypogastric, or supra¬ 
pubic, with the right and left inguinal regions. 



Abdominal Regions. —Nine regions are made by the 
lines A and B crossing at right angles C and D, and 
four regions by the broken lines F and E passing at 
right angles through the umbilicus. In the BN A ter¬ 
minology this part of the body above is bounded by (i) 
the regio sternalis*; (2) R. inframammalis*; and (3) R. 
pectoris lateralis*; the regions themselves being the (4) 
regio epigastrica*; (5) right and left R. hypochondri- 
aca*; (6) R. umbilicalis*, which with the right and left 
(8) R. abdominalis lateralis* form the (7) R. mesogas- 
trica*; (9) right and left R. hypogastrica*; and (10) R. 
pubica*. 

i®*Accordion a. ; pendulous a. ; scaphoid (boat* 
shaped or carinate) a. A. ob'stipum, congenital 
shortening of the rectus abdominis muscle. [ L. 
fr. ab'dere to hide.] 

ab-dom'i-nal. Belonging to or relating to the ab¬ 
domen. A. aneurism, aneurism of the abdominal 
aorta or one of its branches. A. aorta, i^aorta. 
A. aponeurosis, the conjoined tendons of the 
oblique and transversalis muscles on the anterior 
portion of the abdomen. A. artery, the superior 
epigastric branch of the internal mammary ar¬ 
tery. A. ballottement, m- ballottement. A. 
bandage, belt, or supporter, a broad support worn 
around the body during pregnancy, or after 
surgical operations upon the abdomen: worn also 
by some corpulent persons. A. brain, a name for 
the solar plexus. A. breathing = A. respiration. 
A. cavity, the abdomen. A. delivery, delivery of 
the child by abdominal section. C.®sarean 
SECTION. A. dropsy = ASCITES. A. examination, 
examination of a patient lying in dorsal position 
with the abdomen exposed, by inspection, palpa¬ 
tion, percussion, and auscultation. A. fissure, a 
fissure, usually congenital, in the abdominal wall. 
A. fistula, a fistula with an external opening in the 
abdominal wall and an internal one in some of 
the hollow abdominal viscera. A. ganglion, the 
semilunar ganglion. A. gestation, extrasuterine 
pregnancy occurring in the cavity of the abdo¬ 
men. A. hernia, hernia through the abdominal 
parietes. A. hysterectomy, removal of the uterus 
by abdominal section. A. line = linea alba. A. 
hnes, markings on the surface of the abdomen, 
indicating the boundaries of the muscles. A. mas¬ 
sage, massage of the abdomen. A. murmur = 
borborygmus. a. muscles, the muscles of the 
abdominal wall, including the rectus abdominis, 
pyramidalis, external and internal oblique, trans¬ 
versalis, and quadratus lumborum. A. nephrec¬ 
tomy, ^NEPHRECTOMY. A. nerve, a branch of 
the pneumogastric, distributed to the surface of 
the stomach. A. neuralgia = enteralgia. A. 
organs —A. viscera. A. ovariotomy, ovarioto¬ 
my through an incision into the abdomen. A. pad, 












ABDOMINAL 


3 


ABDUCTOR 


one or two folded towels placed above the navel 
to fill the hollow of the epigastrium left by the 
evacuation of the uterus; used under the binder 



A.BDOMINAL AND Thoracic Muscles.— I. Greater pec¬ 
toral. 2. Deltoid. 3. Latissimus. 4. Great serratus. 
5. Subclavius. 6. Small pectoral. 7. Coracobrachial. 
8. Brachial biceps. 9. Coracoid process of the scapula. 
10. Origin of the great serratus. ii. Intercostal. 12. 
External oblique and its aponeurosis (13). 14. Pou- 

part’s ligament. 15. External abdominal ring. 16. 
Rectus. 17. Pyramidalis. 18. Internal oblique. 19. 
Conjoined tendon of the internal oblique and transver- 
salis. 20. Inguinal canal. 21. Femoral canal. (After 
Leidy.) 

after childbirth. A. parietes, the structures con¬ 
stituting the wall of the abdomen, and compris¬ 
ing the skin, subcutaneous tissue and fascia, ab¬ 
dominal muscles, transversalis fascia, subper- 
itoneal tissue, and peritoneum. A. phthisis, 
tuberculosis of the intestines and mesenteric 
glands. A. pneumogastric = SOLAR PLEXUS. A. 
pregnancy = A. gestation. A. presentation, pres¬ 
entation of the abdomen of the foetus in child¬ 
birth. A. pulse, a pulse observed over the line of 
the abdominal aorta in emaciated persons. A. 
reflex, contraction of the abdominal muscles in¬ 
duced by a rapid downward stroking of the skin 
on the side of the abdomen (Rosenbach). A. 
regions, c^abdomen. A. respiration = diaphrag¬ 
matic RESPIRATION. A. ring, the lower opening 
of the inguinal canal; External a. ring. The 
Internal a. ring is the inner aperture of the in¬ 
guinal canal. A. section, caesarean section; 
cceliotomy; gastrotomy; laparotomy. A. stalk, 
the structure connecting the very early human 
embryo with the primitive chorion. A. supporter 
= A. BELT. A. surgery, that branch of surgery 
which treats of lesions of the abdominal viscera. 
A. sweetbread, es- sweetbread. A. touch, feeling 
the abdomen with the hand to ascertain the ex¬ 
istence of pregnancy. A. tympanism = tympa¬ 
nites. A. typhus, enteric fever. A. version = ex¬ 
ternal VERSION. A. viscera, the organs contained 
within the abdomen, including the intestines, 
stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, ureters, 
and suprarenal bodies. A. walls = A. parietes. 
fab-dom'i-nal-ly. 

ab-dom'i-no-. Relating to the abdomen: a com¬ 
bining form. [K.'L. abdo^menheWy.] ab-dom*i-nos 


an-te'rior, both abdominal and anterior, as A. 
position, that position of the foetus in utero in 
which the belly presents anteriorly.— ab-domd- 
no-cys'tic, pertaining to the abdomen and the 
bladder.— ab-dom*i-no-gen'i-tal, pertaining to the 
abdomen and the genital organs.— ab-dom*i-no- 
hys-te-rec'to-my, hysterectomy through an ab¬ 
dominal incision.— ab-dom*i-no-hys-te-rot'o-my, 
hysterotomy through an abdominal incision.— 
ab-dom‘i-no=in'gui-nal, pertaining to the abdo¬ 
men and the groin. — ab-dom*i-no-pos-te'ri or, 
both abdominal and posterior, as A. position, that 
position of the foetus in utero in which the 
abdomen is directed backward.— ab-domd-no- 
scro'tal, pertaining to the abdomen and the scro¬ 
tum, as A. muscle, the cremaster muscle.— ab- 
domd-no-tho-rac'ic, pertaining to the abdomen 
and the thorax, as A. arch, the arch which marks 
the lower boundary of the front of the thorax. 
It is formed by the ensiform cartilage, the carti¬ 
lages of the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth ribs, 
and the ends of the eleventh and twelfth ribs.— 
ab-domd-nosu-te-rot'o-my = abdominohyster¬ 
ectomy. — ab-domd-no-vag'i-nal, relating to the 
abdomen and the vagina, as A. palpation = m- 
MANUAL PALPATION. — ab-domd-no-ves'i-cal, re¬ 
lating to the abdomen and the bladder, as A. 
pouch, a pocket of the peritoneum which includes 
the urachal folds. 

ab-dom-i-nos'co-py. Examination of the abdomen, 
by measurement, palpation, percussion, ausculta¬ 
tion, etc. 

ab-domd-nous. Pot=bellied; pursy; having a large 
abdomen. 

ab-duce'. To draw away from the median or axial 
line. [ < L. ab from -|- du'cere to draw.] 

ab-du'cens. i. The external rectus muscle of the 
eye. 2. The sixth cranial nerve, which supplies 
that muscle. A. nucleus = nucleus abducen- 
Tis. A. oc'uli = ABDUCENS, def. I. A. o'ris or 
labio'rum, the levator anguli oris. [L.] 

ab-du'cent. Drawing, or acting so as to draw, away 
from the median or axial line. A. nerve, the 
sixth cranial nerve. i^Abducens, def. 2. A. 
nucleus = NUCLEUS abducentis. 

ab-duct'. = Abduce. 

ab-duc'tion. i. A movement which draws a part 
away from the median or axial line, or from 
another part. 2. A separation of the contiguous 
parts of the bone after a transverse fracture. 
[< L. abduc'tio, fr. ab from -f- du'cere to draw.] 

ab-duc'tor. A muscle which draws a part away 
from the median line of the body or of a limb. 
A. hallu'cis = A. pollicis pedis. A. in'dicis, the 
first dorsal interosseous muscle, which abducts 
the index finger. It arises from the first and 
second metacarpal bones and is inserted into the 
first phalanx of the index finger. A. lin'guae = 
STYLOGLOSSUS. A. lon'gUS pol'licis = EXTENSOR 
ossis METACARPI POLLICIS. A. min'imi digdti 
ma'nus, the muscle which abducts the little 
finger; M. abductor digiti quinii manus*. It arises 
from the pisiform bone and is inserted into the 
first phalanx of the little finger. A. min'imi dig'iti 
pe'dis, the muscle which abducts the little toe; 
M. abductor digiti quinti pedis*. It arises from the 
outer tuberosity of the os calcis and plantar fascia 
and is inserted into the first phalanx of the little 
toe. A. oc'uli, the external rectus muscle of the 
eye. A. os'sis metatar'si quin'ti, a supernumerary 
muscle which arises from the external tubercle of 
the os calcis and is inserted into the fifth meta- 












ABELMOSK 


4 


ABOLITION 


tarsal bone. A. pol'licis ma'nus, the muscle which 
moves forward the first phalanx of the thumb, 
arising from the annular ligament, trapezium, 
and scaphoid, and inserted into the base of the 
first phalanx; M. abductor pollicis brevis*. A. 
pol'licis pe'dis, the muscle which abducts the 
great toe; M. abductor hallucis*. It arises from 
the inner tubercle of the os calcis and is inserted 
into the inner side of the first phalanx of the 
great toe. A. tu'bae, the tensor palati. [L.] 
a'bel-mosk. The seed of Hibis'cus abelmos'chus 
(moscha'tus) \ amberseed; musksseed; ambrette: 
used in perfumery, and formerly in medicine as a 
substitute for musk. [Arab., “ father of musk.”] 
ab-en-ter'ic. Not in the intestines, 
ab-ep-i-thy'mi a. Paralysis of the solar plexus, cut¬ 
ting off communication between the nervous sys¬ 
tem and the abdominal viscera, the supposed seat 
of the appetites. [ < L. ab off + ETtLdvfi'ia desire.] 
Ab'er-ne-thy’s fascia. A strong layer of subperito- 
neal areolar tissue covering the external iliac 
artery. A.’s operation, an operation for ligation 
of the external iliac artery. A.’s sarcoma, a 
fatty tumor found chiefly on the trunk, 
ab-er'rant. Deviating from the right, normal, or 
usual way. A. bundle, a tract of nerve=fibres in 
the isthmus of the brain. A. duct, a blind duct 
often attached to the canal of the epididymis, or 
to the vas deferens of the testis. A. ducts of the 
liver, fine biliary ducts in the lamellae of the tri¬ 
angular ligament of the liver, but having no out¬ 
let. A. gout = PODAGRA ABERRANS. A. testis, an 
abnormally placed testicle, as in the abdominal 
cavity. A. vessel = vas aberrans, def. 3. 
aberra'tio lac'tis. Excretion of milk from other 
parts than the mammae; galactoplania. [L.] 
ab-er-ra'tion. i. Any deviation from the normal 
type. 2. A disordered state of the intellect 
(Mental a,). 3. Imperfect refraction or reflection 
of light rays, throwing the rays out of focus 
(Optical a.). Chromatic a., prismatic separation 
of the different wave-lengths of light, as by an 
uncorrected lens, producing rings or fringes 
of various colors. Distantial a., indistinctness of 
vision due to distance. Lateral a., deviation of a 
ray of light in any direction from the axis, meas¬ 
ured in the focal plane perpendicular to the axis. 
Longitudinal a., deviation of a ray from the focus, 
measured along an axis above or below the focal 
plane. Newtonian a. or A. of refrangibility, chro¬ 
matic aberration. Spherical a. is seen when the 
outer part of a convex lens refracts the light 
more than the central part, producing a multiple 
focus, with more or less indistinct and blurred 
images. ^ Abba’s test-plate. 
ab-e-vac-u-a'tion. i. An incomplete evacuation. 
2. An excessive evacuation. 3. An evacuation 
from one organ into another; a metastasis, 
a-bey'ance. A state of expectancy; a state of sus¬ 
pended activity. [Old F., fr. bayer to expect.] 
ab'i-cum. The thyroid cartilage. [L.] 

A'bies. A genus of trees including the spruces, the 
hemlocks, and some of the firs. A. balsa'mea, the 
balsam fir, which furnishes terebinthina cana¬ 
densis* and ab'i-e-tin, a resin, CggH^gOg. A. 
canaden'sis, the hemlock-tree of North America, 
the source of hemlock extract (used mainly in 
tanning), of Canada pitch {pix canadensis), and 
of volatile oil of hemlock. A. excel'sa, of Europe, 
yields pix burgundica. A. pectina'ta, the Euro¬ 
pean silver-fir, the needles of which yield ab'i-e- 
tite, CgHgOj, a sugar resembling mannite. A. 


sabania'na, the California nut-pine, which yields 
ab'i-e-tene = HEPTANE. [L., ” fir-tree. ] 

ab-i-et'ic or ab-i-e-tin'ic acid. An acid, C^^Hg^O- 
or C20H30O2, contained in the resin of various spe¬ 
cies of A^btes. *|"^b'i*“e—tate, a salt of abietic acid, 
ab-ig'e at. Abortion artificially induced. [Law F., 
fr. L. abigea'tus.] 

ab‘i-o-gen'e-sis, ab-i-og'e-ny. Spontaneous gen¬ 
eration; the production of living beings from 
matter not alive: thus it was formerly believed 
that the microbes were the product and not the 
cause of disease. [ < a priv. + p'log life -f- yevtoLq 
generation.] tab'i-o-ge-net'ic ; ab-i-og'e-nous. 
ab-i-o-log'i-cal, -log'ic. Not related to biology, 
ab-i- o'sis. Absence or deficiency of life: a congeni¬ 
tal affection. (Gowers.) fab-i-ot'ic. 
ab-i-ot'ro-phy, ab-i-on'er-gy. Deterioration in tis¬ 
sues or cells due to loss of vitality. [ < a priv. -f 
/?/of life+rpo^7 nourishment.] 
ab-ir-ri-ta'tion. i. A lessening or diminution of 
irritation. 2. A lack of normal irritability (nearly 
the same as asthenia ; but asthenia is a quality 
of the organism, and abirritation belongs to some 
one or more tissues). t^^~ir'ri-tant. i. Relieving 
or diminishing irritation. 2. An agent or remedy 
that soothes or diminishes irritation. ab-ir'ri- 
ta-tive. I. Soothing; bland; lessening irritation. 
2. Marked by abirritation or atony, 
ab-i'tion. Disappearance; death. [< L. abi'tio.'\ 
ab-lac-ta'tion. i. The weaning of a child. 2. Cessa¬ 
tion of lactation. [< L. ab from + lacta're to 
suckle.] fab-lac'tate. 

a-blas-tem'ic. Not of the nature of blastema; not 
connected with germination.* l< a neg. -f (d/ida- 
Trjfia a shoot.] 

a-blas'tous. Having no germ. 

abla'tio. = Ablation. A. placen'tae, detachment 
of a normal placenta before its time. A. ret'inae, 
detachment of the retina. [ L.] 
ab-la'tion. i. Removal; especially, the removal of 
a part, organ, or tumor, by a cutting operation. 
2. Cessation or checking, as of a process, symp¬ 
tom, or function; a remission. [< L. abla'tio, fr. 
ab away + fer're to carry.] fab-late', ab-la'tor. 
ab'la-ti'tious. 

a-bleph'a-ron, a-ble-pha'ri a. i. Congenital lack 
of or defect in an eyelid, especially when con¬ 
genital. 2. Less correctly, absence of the fissure 
separating the eyelids. [ < a priv. -|- ( 3 Agapov eye¬ 
lid.] fa-bleph'a-rous. 

a-blep'sia, ab'lep-sy. i. Blindness. 2. Stupidity; 

dulness. [< a priv.-f to see.] fa-blep'tic. 

ab'lu-ent. i. Abstergent; cleansing. 2. That which 
cleanses or washes; a detergent. [ < L. ab'luens 
washing away.] fab-lu'tion. 
ablu'tio. A washing. (L.) 

ab-mor'tal. Passing from a dying portion of mus¬ 
cle to one that is alive. 

ab-ner'val. Proceeding, or going away, from a nerve, 
ab'net. =Abanet. 

ab-neu'ral. Distant from the central nervous sys¬ 
tem or from the neural aspect; ventral, 
ab-nor-mal'i-ty, ab-nor'mi-ty, ab-nor'ma-lism. i. 
Contrariety to the usual or normal structure. 
2. An abnormal feature or growth; that which 
is abnormal; a malformation. [ < L. ab from -t- 
nor'ma a rule.] fab-nor'mal; ab-nor'mous. 
aboiement (ab-wa-mon). The utterance of an ab¬ 
normal , barking sound. [ F., ‘ ‘ barking. ’ ’] 
ab-o-li'tion. Destruction or removal of a part; 
suppression of function. [< L. abole're to de¬ 
stroy.] 


ABOMASUM 


5 


ABS PILL 


ab-o-ma'sum, -sus. The fourth stomach of the 
Ruminan'Ha, from the mucosa of which in lambs, 
calves, etc., rennet is prepared. [< L. a6 from-t- 
onta'sum paunch.] 

ab-o'rad. Away from the mouth (in direction, situ¬ 
ation, or motion). 

ab-o'ral. Opposite to or distant from the mouth, 
a-borse'ment. Abortion. 

a-bort'. I. To bring to an end before full develop¬ 
ment. 2. To miscarry. 3. To fail to obtain full 
development. 4. An abortion, 
a-bor'ti-cide. i. The killing of a foetus in utero. 
2. That which causes abortion and kills the foetus. 
[ < L. abor'tus a miscarriage + cce'dere to kill.] 
a-bor-ti-fa'ci ent, a-bor'tient. i. Causing miscar¬ 
riage. 2. A drug capable of causing a miscar¬ 
riage, as ergot, tansy, savine, yew, broomsfem, 
tobacco, pennyroyal, gossypium, Ru'ta grave'- 
olens, cantharides, croton oil, etc.; an ecbolic. 
^Abortion. [< L. abor'tus a miscarriage + 
fa'cere to make.] 

a-bor'tion. i. The expulsion of a foetus which is 
not viable; miscarriage. By some authorities the 
term abortion is used when the impregnated ovum 
is expelled during the first three months of gesta¬ 
tion, while the term miscarriage (immature 
delivery) is employed from the end of the third 
month to the time of viability. Premature 
LABOR. In law the term denotes any premature 
expulsion before full term. Abortion may be 
classified as Spontaneous or accidental, where it is 
not due to artificial means, but results from (i) 
paternal etiological factors, like syphilis, alcohol¬ 
ism, sexual excesses, extreme old age or youth, 
etc.; (2) maternal causes, like violent exercise, 
traumatisms, surgical operations, coition, hot 
baths, tight lacing, acute infectious diseases, men¬ 
tal emotions, uterine displacements, vomiting, 
diarrhoea, tumors, etc.; (3) ovular causes, which 
induce the death of the foetus, as placenta praevia, 
polyhydramnios, diseases of the decidua, etc.; and 
as Artificial, induced, or produced, where it is 
induced artificially. Artificial abortion may be 
classified as (i) Justifiable, where it is induced to 
save the life of the mother, as in contraction or 
neoplasms of the pelvic canal, rupture of the 
uterus, etc.; and (2) Criminal, the unlawful de¬ 
livery of the ovum, foetus, or child from the uterus 
at any time of pregnancy; foeticide. The methods 
used to produce abortion are almost innume¬ 
rable. In women upon whom a criminal opera¬ 
tion has been performed, the reputation of any 
physician subsequently attending such patients 
may best be safeguarded by having in a con¬ 
sultant. According to the polity of the Roman 
Catholic Church abortion is never justifiable. 
Other specially named varieties are Ampullar, 
Contagious, Embryonal, Fetal, Habitual, In¬ 
complete, Inevitable, Missed, Ovular, Thera¬ 
peutic (= justifiable, see above), and Tubal. 2. 
The premature stoppage of any physiological or 
morbid process, ca- Abortive. [Kh. abor'tio,ir. 
abori'ri to miscarry. F. avortement or fausse couche; 
Ger. Fehlgeburt.] 

a-bor'tion-ist. A procurer of abortions: especially 
when of a criminal nature, 
a-bor'tive. i. Not reaching full development, said 
especially of diseases which begin in the usual 
manner, but which suddenly turn toward recov¬ 
ery; rudimentary (said of organs). A. epilepsy = 
PETIT MAL. A. measles, measles which does not 
come to a full development. A. smallpox, variola 



Abrachia in 
Amelus. 


AN 


in which there are a few pustules which rapidly 
disappear. A. treatment, treatment intended to 
arrest the development of a disease. A. typhoid 
fever, ^typhoid fever. 2. Tending to produce 
abortion. 3. An abortifacient. 
a-bor'tus. i. An aborted foetus; the result of abor¬ 
tion. 2. The act of aborting; abortion. [L.] 
abouchement (a-bush-mon). The entrance of a ves¬ 
sel into a larger one of the same kind. [F.] 
a-bou'lia", a-bou-lo-ma'ni a. = Abulia, abulo- 

MANIA. 

ab-ra-ca-dab'ra. A cabalistic word: used as a 
charm. 

a-bra'chia. i. Absence of the arms, especially if 
congenital. 2. Less correctly, an armless mon¬ 
strosity or a child born with¬ 
out arms. [ < a priv. + fipaxio)v 
arm. Abrachia means literally 
“absence of rocks”; the cor¬ 
rect form would be abrachionia. 

^ Rose.] fa-bra'chi us = abra¬ 
chia, def. 2. 

a-bra'chi-o-ce-pha'li a. Congen¬ 
ital absence of the arms and 
head. 

a-bra-chi-o'ni a. is-A brachia, 
etymol. 

ab-rade'. To rub or scrape off, 
as the skin. [< L. abra'dere to 
scrape.] 

A'bra-hamsman. A lunatic beg¬ 
gar from Bethlehem Hospital in 
London. To sham Abraham. 

To feign sickness. 

A'bram’s method. Treatment of aneurism by per¬ 
cussion over the seventh cervical vertebra. A.’s 
pulmonary reflex. = Pulmonary reflex. 
a-bran'chi-ate. Having no gills, 
abra'sio cor'neae. The scraping off of opacities or 
excrescences from the cornea. [L.] 
ab-ra'sion. i. The fretting or rubbing off of a 
patch of skin or other covering. 2. A spot 
iTibbed bare of the skin, or partly so. 3. Denu¬ 
dation by means of chemical action or by a de¬ 
structive diseasesprocess. Erosion. [< L. 
abra'sio a scraping off.] fab-ra'dant. i. Caus¬ 
ing abrasion. 2. An agent that causes abrasion, 
a-bras'tol. =Asaprol. 

a'bric acid. A crystalline acid, CjjHg^NgO, derived 
from A'brus precato'rius. f^^^rate, a salt of 
abric acid. 

a'brin. A highly poisonous principle derivable from 
the seeds of A'brus precato'rius or jequirity. 
a'brism. Poisoning with jequirity. 

Abro'ma augus'ta. A sterculiaceous tree of India, 
whose root furnishes a white, viscid juice used in 
dysmenorrhoea; olutkombul. Dose, ^ dr. of the 
fresh root. 

a-bro-tan'nol. A proprietary stomachic, astringent, 
and disinfectant composed of extract of abrota- 
num and menthol. 

a-brot'a-num. The plant Artemis'ia abrot'anum, or 
southernwood. It is tonic, stimulant, and vermi¬ 
fuge. [< dJpoTovov southernwood.] 
a-brupt' convolution or gyrus. A small convolution 
at the extremity of the occipital lobe of the brain. 
A'brus. A genus of leguminous plants, one species 
of which, A. precato'rius, growing in most tropical 
regions, affords jequirity. [< d( 3 p 6 c delicate.] 
Abs. feb. Abbr. for L. absen'te feb're, in the absence 
of fever. 

ABS pill. = A. B. S. PILL. 





ABSCEDENT 


6 


ABU ROKAB 


ab-sce'dent. Becoming separated by disease: said 
of parts normally contiguous, 
ab'scess, ab-sces'sus. A collection of pus contained in 
a cavity formed in any part of the body by the 
disintegration and stretching of the tissue, whether 
due to bacteria or to chemical agents, as mercury, 
etc.; apostema; a “gathering.” Special varieties 
of abscess are Acute (=hot a.). Alveolar (=gum» 
boil), Amcebic, Atheromatous, Bezold’s, Bro- 
die’s. Bursal, Canalicular, Caseous, Cere¬ 
bral, Cold or chronic, Congestive, Constitu¬ 
tional, Critical, Diffuse, Dry, Dubois’s, Em¬ 
bolic, Fecal, Fixation, Gangrenous, Gas ( = 
tympanitic). Hemorrhagic, Hepatic, Hot, 
Hypostatic ( = wandering). Idiopathic, Ischio¬ 
rectal, Lacunar, Local ( = idiopathic), Lum¬ 
bar ( = psoas), Mammary, Marginal, Meta¬ 
static, Miliary, Milk, Mural, Ossifluent, 
Paget's ( = residual). Pelvic, Perforating, 
Perinephric or perinephritic, Peritonsillar ( = 
quinsy). Postpharyngeal, Psoas, Py.®mic, Re¬ 
sidual, Retroperitoneal, Retropharyngeal, 
Scrofulous, Secondary, Shirt^stud, Stercora- 
ceous (== fecal). Stitch, Strumous, Subcutane¬ 
ous, SuBDiAPHRAGMATic Or subphrenic, Sudorip¬ 
arous, Thecal, Traumatic, Tropical, Tuber¬ 
cular, Tympanitic, Urinous, Verminous, and 
Wandering. A. of kidney= pyonephrosis. A. 
root, the root of the Greek valerian, Polemo'nium 
rep'tans, a plant of the Old and New Worlds. It 
is a stimulant alterative and expectorant, little 
used except in eclectic and domestic medicine. 
The root and leaves are said to make good applica¬ 
tions for abscesses and old ulcers. Dose of the 
fluidextract, 2 to 4 Cc. to i fi. dr.). A. stage, 
one of the later stages of spondylitis, in which 
abscesses tend to form. [< L. absces'sus, fr. abs 
from -f- ce'dere to go.] 

ab -sces'sion. Metastasis. [ < L. absces'sio.] 
ab-sces'sus. = Abscess. [L.] 
ab-scis'sa, pi. -scb. Any one of the transverse lines 
intersecting vertical lines at right angles, to show 
diagrammatically the relations between two series 
of facts. [ < L. abscis'sus cut off.] 
ab-scis'sion. Removal of a part or of a tumor by 
cutting. [< L. abscis'sio a cutting away.] 
ab'sent respiration. Respiration marked by sup¬ 
pression of the respiratory sounds, 
absinthe (ab'smth, F. ab-saht). An alcoholic tinc¬ 
ture, or liqueur, containing the volatile oil of 
wormwood, with aromatics, i®* Absinthium. 
ab-sin'thi ate. To charge or flavor with absinthe, 
ab-sin'thic acid. An acid derivable from wormwood, 
apparently not differing from succinic acid, 
ab —sin thin. A poisonous bitter principle, C2QH2gO^, 
found in common wormwood, 
ab -sin'thism. The morbid effect of the excessive or 
habitual use of absinthe. Muscular weakness, 
nausea, and vertigo are frequent symptoms; in 
chronic cases, general paralysis and epileptiform 
convulsions may occur. f ab-sin-thae'mi a. 

ab-sin'thi um. The 1890 U. S. P. name forthe leaves 
and tops of Artemis'ia absin'thium, or wormwood. 
It contains absinthin, absinthol, and oil of 
wormwood {oleum absinthi), and is a bitter cardiac 
stimulant and stomachic tonic. Absinthism. 
Dose, 1.3 to 2.6 Gm. (20 to 40 grs.). {^aipivOiov, 
fr. a priv. -f ipivOog delight.] 
ab-sin'thol. A volatile, oily principle, CjoHjgO, found 
in oil of wormwood: one of the liquid camphors, 
ab'so-lute. Freed; perfect; pure. A. accommodation, 
the accommodation of either eye separately, ly 


Accommodation. A. alcohol, alcohol free from 
water or other chemical or mechanical impurities. 
A. cardiac dulness, ^ CARDIAC dulness. A. diet, 
complete fasting. A. hypermetropia, hyper- 
METROPiA. A. near=point, near*point. A. 
scotoma, scotoma. A. strabismus, strabis¬ 
mus. A. temperature, temperature measured from 
A. zero, the lowest possible temperature, —273.7° 
C. [< L. absolu'tus.] 

ab-sor-be-fa'ci ent. Promoting or causing absorp¬ 
tion, as medicine or agent. [ < L. absorbe're to 
absorb -h fa'cere to make.] 

ab-sor'bent. i. Taking up by suction. 2. A lacteal 
or a lymphatic vessel. The minute veins of the 
alimentary canal are also absorbent. 3. A medi¬ 
cine or a dressing which acts by absorption; a 
medicine which produces or stimulates absorp¬ 
tion. A. cotton, cottonswool freed from oily 
matters: much used in surgery. & Gossypium 
PURIFICATUM*. A. glands, circumscribed masses 
of lymphoid or adenoid tissue connected with 
the lymphatic vessels. A. system, the lymphatics, 
lacteals, and their associated glands. A. vessels, 
the lymphatics. [ < L. absor'bens, fr. ab away -f 
sorbe're to suck.] 
ab-sor-bi'tion. = Absorption. 
ab-sorp-ti-om'e-ter. An appliance for measuring 
the thickness of the layer of liquid taken up by 
capillary attraction between two glass plates, 
ab-sorp'tion. i. The taking up of fluids or other sub¬ 
stances by means of the skin and the walls of the 
alimentary canal or other mucous surfaces. The 
term is preferably applied to the taking up of 
nourishment, while resorption is applied to the 
taking up of waste products. i^Interstitial a. 
2. The function of the absorbent vessels, as the 
lymphatics. A. bands = Fraunhofer’s bands. 
A. jaundice, jaundice. A. lacunae or pits = 
Howship’s lacuna, a. spectrum, a spectrum 
obtained by passing light through a gaseous 
medium, which medium absorbs the same rays 
as compose its own spectrum, thus producing 
dark lines which mark the position that the 
absorbed rays would have occupied. [< L. 
absorp'tio.] fab-sorp'tive; ab-sorp'tive-ness; ab- 
sorp-tiv'i-ty. 

ab-ste'mi ous. Habitually temperate or moderate in 
eating and drinking; sparing. [< L. abste'mius.] 
ab-sten'tion. 1. An act of abstaining; abstinence. 

2. Retention; constipation. [< L. absten'tio.] 
ab-ster'gent. i. Abluent; cleansing; detergent. 
2. A cleansing medicine or application. [< L. 
absterge're to cleanse.] t^^“Ster'sion, the process 
of cleansing or of wiping clean, 
ab'sti-nence. The refraining from liquors (espe¬ 
cially alcoholic), food, or other indulgence, 
ab'stract. A dry powder of the i88o U. S. P., pre¬ 
pared by drying an alcoholic extract of a drug 
like aconite, belladonna, digitalis, etc., with 
sugar of milk without the aid of heat and brought 
to twice the strength of the drug or fluidextract 
from which it is prepared; ab-strac'tum. ^Ex¬ 
tract. Abbreviation, abst. or abstr. [< L. 
abstrac'ium, fr. abstra'here to draw away.] fab- 
strac'tion, withdrawal, as of water from alcohol 
by distillation, or of blood by venesection, ab- 
strac-ti'tious; ab-strac'tive. 
ab'sus. = Cassia ABSus. 

ab-ter'mi-nal. Passing from the terminus toward 
the centre: used of electric currents in muscular 
substance. 

a'bu ro'kab. = Dengue. 


ABULIA 


7 


ACATALEPSY 



Acacia. 


a-buTi a, a-bou'li a, a-bu-lo-ma'ni a, a-bou-lo-ma'- 
nia. A weakening or a deficiency of the will* 
power, finding expression in hesitation, indeci¬ 
sion, and defective control of the mental faculties. 
[< a priv.-f will.] .fa-bu'lic. 

a-buse'. Self^abuse. s- Masturbation. 
abu'sus spirituoso'rum. The misuse of alcohol. 
Abu'ta rufes'cens. A South American menisperma- 
ceous plant, whose stems and root constitute the 
drug called white pareira brava. 
a-but'ment, a-but'tal. i. The touching of one organ 
by another. 2. In dentistry, the tooth to which 
a bridge is anchored; a structure which supports, 
as when used to maintain lateral pressure, any 
part which of itself is immovable, 
a-bys'si-nin. An arrow*poison of East Africa, 
ac-a-can'thrax. = Carbuncle. [< aKUKog benign 
-f- avdpa^ carbuncle.] 

Aca'cia * (a-ce'shi-a, L. a-ca'ci-a), gen. -cb; pi. L. -cb 
or Eng. -as. i. A genus of leguminous trees and 
shrubs containing many species, 
frequently thorny. 2. The U. 

S. P. name for a dried gummy 
exudation due to the action 
of a microbe, the Bacte'rium 
aca'cicB, on A. sen'egal and other 
species of Aca'cia; gum arabic: 
used in medicine as a binding 
agent in emulsions, pills, etc., 
and as a demulcent vehicle for 
more active medicines. i^Mu- 
CILAGO ACACIiE*; SYRUPUS ACA- 
CliE*; ARABIC acid; catechu. 

A. gummi, the B. P. name foi’ 
acacia, def. 2. [< ( iKaKta , fr. 

atcr ; a spine, a thorn.] 

Acal'ypha. A genus of euphor- 

biaceous plants, as A. in'dica and A. virgin'ica. 
a-camp'sia, a-camp'sy. Inflexibility of a joint 
Ankylosis. [< a priv. -f Kd/UTVTeiv to bend.] 
a-can'tha. A spinous process of a vertebra, 
a-can-thaes-the'si a. A prickly sensation. 

Acan'thia lectula'ria. =Cimex lectularius. 
ac-an-thich-thy-o'sis. Spinous ichthyosis, 
a-can'thion. The point on the mesial line at the 
base of the anterior nasal spine; used in craniom¬ 
etry. [Dim. of duavda a spine.] fa-can'thi al. 
a-can-thob'o-lus. An instrument for extracting 
thorns and splinters from wounds. 
Acanthoceph'ala. An order of intestinal animal 
parasites; thorn*headed worms: common in the 
hog, the larvae developing in cockchafer grubs, 
or, in America, in June*bug grubs, 
ac-an-thol'y-sis. Any skin disease in which the 
prickle*layer becomes loosened and atrophied; 
anacanthosis. Acanthosis. 
a-can-tho'ma. A cutaneous tumor of the prickle* 
layer. A. adenoi'des cys'ticum, an oedema of the 
sweat*glands. A. alveola'ris, any epithelioma, 
a-can-thop'e-lyx, a-can-tho-pel'vis. Invasion of the 
pelvic cavity by abnormal bony edges and points. 
[ < anavda a point -|- pelvis.] 

Acanthopteryg'ii. An order of spiny*rayed fishes, 
as the perch: some species are poisonous to man. 
a-can-tho'sis. A disease of the epidermis affecting 
particularly the stratum of prickle*cells. A. ni'- 
gricans= keratosis nigricans. 

Acan'thus mollis. An acanthaceous plant, used as 
an emollient and a demulcent in the form of cata¬ 
plasm or injection; bear’s breech, 
a-cap'ni a. Mosso’s term for a diminished carbon 
dioxide content of the blood with the consequent 


disturbances of the respiratory centres: seen in 
mountain sickness, shock, etc. [ < a priv. KaTTvdg 
fume.] 

a-car'di a. Congenital absence of the heart. 
Acephalus; acormus; monster; teratoma. 
[< a priv. + napd'ia heart.] fa-car'diac. a-car- 
di'a-cus, as A. aceph'alus, a monster with the head 
lacking, the thorax rudimentary and the pelvic 
organs developed: A. acor'nius, a monster hav¬ 
ing the head but the breast or abdomen lacking: 
A amor'phus, a formless monster having only 
rudimentary organs: and A. an'ceps, a monster 
with trunk developed but head and extremities 
rudimentary. 

a-car*di o-hae'mi a. A lack of blood in the heart. 
a-car*di o-ner'vi a. A lack of nervous action in the 
heart. 

a-car’di o-tro'phi a. Atrophy of the heart, 
ac-a-ri'a-sis. i. The itch. 2. Lousiness, 
a-car'i-cide. i. Destroying Ac'an. 2. A medicine 
used to destroy Ac'ari. t^“Ca-ri-ci'dal. 
ac'a-rid, a-car'i-dan, ac-a-rid'i an. An animal of 
the genus Acarus. 

Acar'ida. An order of arachnid arthropods in which 
no division in head, thorax, and abdomen oc¬ 
curs: it comprises the mites and ticks, 
ac'a-rine. Relating to or caused by Ac'ari. 
a-car-i-no'sis. Any disease caused by acarids. 
ac"a-ro-der-ma-ti'tis. Dermatitis due to Ac'ari. 
ac'a-roid resin. A tonic and stimulant yellow resin 
obtained from the tree Xanthorrhce'a has'tilis of 
Australia; Botany Bay resin. Dose, 0.4 to 0.8 
Gm. (6 to 12 grs.). A red variety of A. resin is 
obtained from X. austra'lis. ^ Xanthorrhcea. 
ac-a-ro-pho'bi a. Morbid dread of the itch, espe¬ 
cially in sensitive individuals w’ho have had an 
attack of it. [< aKapi a mite-f^o^of fear.] 
ac-a-ro-tox'ic. Poisoning or destroying Ac'ari. 
a-car'pa. A skin disease without “fruit,” — i.e., 
without tubercles, pustules, or vesicles. 
Acartomy'ia. A genus of Culi'cincB (mosquitoes). 
A. zammit'ti was supposed to produce Malta 
fever. [ 1 [ 5 .’09.] 

Ac'arus, pi. Ac'ari. A mite; a genus of insectslike 
animals of low order, including the itchsmite, 
sugarsmite, cheesesmite, and numerous other 
species, many of them parasitic. A. folliculo'rum, 



Burrow or Cuniculus of an Acarus, with the ventral 
surface of a female on the left and with eggs and excre- 
mentitious matter in the burrow (A). 


the pimplesmite, a parasite often found in the 
sebaceous glands of the face; Demodex follicu- 
lorum. A. hor'dei, a mite common in barley, 
which causes urticarious eruptions in the har¬ 
vesters. A. sac'chari, the sugarsmite. A. scabie'i, 
the itchsmite, causing scabies. i^Sarcoptes. 
[< aKapi a mite: literally, an indivisible thing, 
from its minuteness.] 

a-cat'a-lep-sy. i. Uncertainty in diagnosis, etc. 
2. Amentia or dementia. [< a priv. -f KaraAap- 
[Sdvciv to apprehend.] ■[a-cat-a-lep'tic. 


ACATAMATHESIA 


8 


ACCLIMATATION 


a-cat*a-ma-the'si a. i. Loss of power to under¬ 
stand spoken words. 2. Impairment of any one 
of the perceptive faculties, due to lesion of the 
brainscentre controlling that faculty, 
a-cat-a-pha'si a. Inability to express one’s thoughts 
in an orderly way; agrammatism, is*"A phasia. 
[< a priv. +KaTd(pa(ng orderly statement.] 
a-ca-tap'o-sis. Difficulty in swallowing, sr Dys¬ 
phagia. [< a priv. + KararciveLv to swallow.] 
a-cat-a-sta'si a. Any irregularity, as in the course 
of symptoms. [Gr.] fa-cat-a-stat'ic. 
a-ca-thar'si a. i. Filth, as the discharge of a sore. 

2. The need of a cathartic. [Gr., “ uncleanness.”] 
a-ca-thec'tic. Denoting inability to retain secre¬ 
tions, as A. jaundice, is* jaundice. [< a priv. + 
Kade^tg retention.] 

a-ca-tis'i a, a-ca-this'i a. A nervous affection char¬ 
acterized by an inability to remain seated, 
a-cau'dal, a-cau'date. Lacking a tail, 
acc. Abbr. for accommodation is- A. C. C. 
ac-cel'e-rans. Accelerating. A. nerve = accele¬ 
rator, def. I. [L.] 

ac-cel-e-ra'tion. Increased activity of any bodily 
function, as the respiration, the pulse, etc. [< L. 
accelera'tio a hastening.] fa^c-cel'e-ra-ted, as A. 
respiration, respirations over 25 per minute, ac- 
cel'e-ra-tive, as A. epilepsia cursiva. 

ac-cel'e-ra-tor. i. One of the nerves which when 
stimulated hasten the heart’s action. 2. A mus¬ 
cle which hastens the performance of any func¬ 
tion, as the A. urince, which assists in the expul¬ 
sion of the urine and the semen, 
ac-cen-tu-a'tion. Emphasis; increased loudness or 
distinctness, f^c-cen'tu-a-ted, strongly marked; 
very distinct: applied to cardiac sounds, 
ac-cen'tu-a-tor. A substance like aniline, borax, 
carbolic acid, etc., which assists staining reac¬ 
tions without being a true mordant. 
ac-cep'tor. A difficultly oxidizable substance which 
in metabolic processes becomes oxidized by the 
nascent oxygen atom set free by the oxidation of 
another substance. 

ac-ces-si-flex'or. An accessory flexor muscle, 
ac-ces'sion. The onset of a disease; an attack of 
disease; an exacerbation. [< L. acces'sio, fr. ad 
to -f- ce'dere to go.] f^c-ces'sive. 
ac-ces-so*ri-o-glos*so-va'go-pha-ryn'ge al nucleus. 
A columndike tract of nerve=cells at which the 
accessory vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves arise 
successively from below upward. It extends from 
the level of the calamus scriptorius to that of the 
auditory striae. 

ac-ces-soTi us. Accessory: applied (i) to the spinal 
accessory nerve, and (2) to any muscle assisting 
another in its action. A. ad ilioscosta'lem, a mus¬ 
cle arising by separate tendons from the angles of 
the six lower ribs, and inserted by separate ten¬ 
dons into the angles of the six upper ribs. A. wil- 
lis'i, the spinal accessory nerve. [ L.] 
ac-ces'so-ry. Joined to; additional; supplementary: 
applied to certain nerves, muscles, vessels, ducts, 
and other parts which act conjointly with other 
and more important organs of the same class. 
A. abdominal oblique muscle = lateralis ab¬ 
dominis. A. adrenals = A. suprarenal bodies. 
A. auditory nucleus, a mass of gray matter in the 
oblongata lying at the junction of the lateral and 
median roots of the auditory nerve; anterior 
auditory nucleus; nucleus cochlearis; nucleus ac¬ 
cessorius acustici; ventral auditory nucleus; 
auditory ganglion. A. breasts, is- polymastia. 
A. cartilage, any one of the little irregular car¬ 


tilages of the nose situated along the margins 
of the lateral cartilages; cartilago sesamoidea. A. 
chromosome, a chromosome which is either un¬ 
paired or the larger of an asymmetrical pair of 
chromosomes: found in certain spermatozoa and 
ova, and supposed by recent observers to be 
associated with the determination of sex. A. 
cuneate nucleus, ^ nucleus cuneatus. A. flexor 
= FLEXOR ACCESSORIUS. A. flocculus, the sec¬ 
ondary flocculus; an occasionally occurring addi¬ 
tional lobe of the cerebellum in the inferior proc¬ 
ess near the flocculus. A. gland of the parotid = 
sociA PAROTiDis. A. gland of Rosenmiiller = Ro- 
senmuller’s gland, def. i. A. glands of the pan¬ 
creas, Brunner’s glands. A. hemiazygos vein, the 
upper left azygos vein. A. lachrymal glands, i^ 
LACHRYMAL GLANDS. A. ligament {of shoulder* 
joint) = CORACOHUMERAL LIGAMENT. A. liverS, 

masses of hepatic tissue often found in the vicinity 
of the liver. A. muscle = accessorius, def. 2. A. 
nerve, the spinal accessory nerve. A. nucleus, a 
nucleus in the medulla oblongata and on the floor 
of the fourth ventricle forming the origin of the 
spinal accessory nerve, P.^ranucleus. A. ob¬ 
turator nerve, la -obturator nerve. A. olivary 
nuclei, i^ olivary nucleus. A. palatine forami¬ 
na, PALATINE FORAMINA. A. pancreaS, IS- PAN¬ 
CREAS. A. pancreatic duct of Santorini, ^pan¬ 
creas. A. parotid = SOCIA PAROTIDIS. A. plexus 
of Ranvier, ts- stromasplexus. A. process, is- an- 
APOPHYsis. A. pudic artery, i^ PUDic ARTERY. A. 
sensory nucleus = sensory nucleus, def. 2. A. 
sign = ASSiDENT sign. a. sinuses of the nose, the 
frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal, and maxillary si¬ 
nuses. A. spiral ligament=PROMiNENTiA spiralis. 
A. spleen, a collection of splenic tissue sometimes 
found near the spleen; lien accessorius*, is- 
Splenculus. a. suprarenal bodies, masses com¬ 
posed of similar tissue found in the kidney, liver, 
etc.; glandulae suprarenales accessoriae*. A. thy¬ 
roid, i^ THYROID GLAND. A. thyroid artery, &- 
THYROID ARTERY. [< L. accesso'rius.] 
ac'ci-dent. An unlooked for mishap or an unto¬ 
ward event, which is not expected or designed. 
(English House of Lords definition.) A. neurosis 
= TRAUMATIC NEUROSIS. fac-ci-den'tal, ad¬ 
ventitious; happening unexpectedly as A. abor¬ 
tion, ^abortion: a. albuminuria, albuminous 
matter added to the urine at some point beyond 
the kidneys, as in cystitis: A. amputation, the 
violent separation of a limb by accident: A . anus 
= ARTIFICIAL anus: A. hemorrhage, hemorrhage 
from the uterus during pregnancy, due to acciden¬ 
tal separation of the placenta: A. murmur, one 
due to a temporary or unimportant cause: A. 
symptoms, symptoms occurring in the course of a 
disease, but having no connection with the disease: 

. and A. tissue, a tissue developing in a part to 
which it does not normally belong, as pancreatic 
tissue in the liver. 

ac-ci-den'tal-ism. The doctrine that disease is 
merely an accidental modification of health and 
has no causes which can be foreseen and guarded 
against, t^c-ci-den'tal-ist. 
ac-ci-pen'se-rin. = Acipenserin. 
ac-cip'i-ter. A clawsshaped bandage for the nose. 

[ Probably from IdKhrzTepog swift=winged.] 
ac-cli-ma-ta'tion, ac-cli-ma'tion, ac-cli*ma-ti-za'- 
tion. I. The process of becoming adapted to a 
strange climate. 2. The act of accustoming bacte¬ 
ria to strange media or unusual surroundings, 
tac-cli'mate; ac-cli'ma-tize. 


ACCLIVIS 


9 


ACESCENCE 


ac-cli'vis. Sloping upward: applied to the obliquus 
internus muscle of the abdomen, from the oblique 
ascent of its fibres. [L., “steep, uphill.”] 
ac-com-mo-da'tion. i. Adjustment; especially, that 
functional change whereby the eye fits itself to 
view objects at various distances. 2. The proc¬ 
ess by which an organ is enabled to regain more 
or less of its loss of functional power. Absolute a., 
ABSOLUTE. Histological a., ts- histological. 
Negative a., the adjustment of the eye for far 
points, by relaxation of the ciliary muscle, indi¬ 
rectly lessening the anteroposterior diameter of 
the lens. Positive a., the adjustment of the eye 
tor near points by contraction of the ciliary 
muscle, indirectly increasing the anteroposte¬ 
rior diameter of the lens. Range of a,, the dif¬ 
ference in dioptrics between the refraction of the 
eye under extreme positive a. and that under 
extreme negative a. A. reflex, the contraction 
and dilatation of the pupil in accommodation. 
Spasm of a., spasmodic contraction of the ciliary 
muscle, increasing the convexity of the crystal¬ 
line lens. A. spot, a spot about the size of a pea 
and surrounded by a bright glitter, seen on ac¬ 
commodating the eye strongly toward a white 
surface. Theory of a., Schon’s theory. [ < L. 
accommoda're to adjust.] fac-com'mo-da-tive, as 
A. asthenopia, eS" asthenopia: A. iridoplegia, 
^ iridoplegia: and A. squint, e^ strabismus. 
ac-com'pa-ny-ing veins. =Ven^ comites. 
ac-cor'di on abdomen. Rapidly appearing and dis¬ 
appearing swelling of the abdomen, due neither 
to gas nor to a tumor; nervous pseudotympany, 
accouchement (a-cflsh-mofi). The act of being de¬ 
livered; delivery. A. force or provoque, artificial 
delivery. [F. fr. accoucherto-pvit to bed, to deliver.] 
faccoucheur (a-cfl-sh^r), an obstetrician, as A. 
hand, a hollowing of the palm of the hand by 
spasm of the thenar and hypothenar muscles, 
with the fingers drawn together by spasm of the 
interossei: seen in tetany, accoucheuse (a-cu 
shez), a midwife. 

ac'cre-men-ti'tion. i. Growth or increase by the 
addition of similar tissue. 2. Gemmation; the 
formation of a new individual by the separation of 
a portion of the substance of the parent. [ < L. 
accres'cere to grow.] fac‘cre-men-ti'tial. 
accre'tio cor'dis. The growing together of the peri¬ 
cardium with the pleura. [L.] 
ac-cre'tion. i. The process by which nutridht par¬ 
ticles are added to the various tissues. 2. The 
adhesion of parts naturally separate, as the fin¬ 
gers. 3. An accumulation of foreign matter, as 
in any cavity of the organism, Concretion. 
[< h. accres'cere to grow.] 
ac-cu-ba'tion. i. The recumbent position. 2. The 
lying in childbed. [< L. accuha'tio a lying down.] 
ac-cu'mu-la-tor. That which collects or gathers 
together, specifically an apparatus for storing 
electrical energy from a current sent through it. 
A.5extension, extension by means of a cord which 
can be progressively shortened, as with a traction=« 
splint. 

-aceae. A suffix added to the stem of a genus 
name to form the name of a family: thus, Rosa'- 
ceae, fr. Ro'sa. Amer. Code of Bot. Nomen.] 
a-ce'dia. Mental apathy with sadness. [<. aKTjiVia.'] 
a-ce'lious. =Accelious. 

ACE mixture. == A. C. E. mixture. 
a-ce-naph'thene. A hydrocarbon from coal-tar, 
CioHeCCH^)^. 

a-cen'tric. Not centric; peripheric. 


a-ce-og-no'si a. =Acognosia. 
a-ce-ol'o-gy. The science or consideration of reme¬ 
dies, especially of surgical and mechanical reme¬ 
dies; therapeutics. [ < d/cof cure -t- /loyof treatise.] 
a-ceph-a-lae'mi a. Deficiency of blood in the head. 

[ < a priv. + KE^aArj head -f- CLipa blood.] 
a-ce-phaTia, a-ceph'a-lism, a-ceph'a-ly. Congen¬ 
ital absence of the head. e^Acephalus. [< a 
priv. -(- KC^a'k'r] head.] 

a-ceph'a-lo-. Headless: a combining form. [< a 
priv. -t- Kt^a'kr} head.] a-ceph'a-lo-bra'chi a, a 
fetal malformation in which head and arms are 
lacking, f a-ceph'a-lo-bra'chi us. — a-ceph'a-lo- 
car'di a, a fetal monstrosity in which head 
and heart are lacking, f a-ceph*a-lo-car'di us. — 
a-ceph'a-lo-chi'ri a, -chei'ri a, a fetal monstrosity 
in which head and hands are lacking. t^“Ceph‘a- 
lo-chi'rus, -chei'rus.— a-ceph'a-lo-cyst, a-ceph*a- 
lo-cys'tis, a headless, bagslike hydatid, consisting 
essentially of a bladder full of liquid and being 
a sterile cestode worm at one of the stages of its 
existence; thus, Acephalocys'tis pla'na is Laen- 
nec’s name for certain concretions found in ten- 
donssheaths and muscles, and Acephalocys'tis 
racemo'sa is a hydatid mole of the uterus.— 
a-ceph*a-lo-gas-te'ri a, a fetal monstrosity in 
which head, chest, and belly are lacking, -j-a- 
ceph'a-lo-gas-ter. — a-ceph-a-lo-po'di a, a fetal 
monstrosity in which head and feet are lacking, 
t a-ceph'a-lo-po'di us. — a-ceph‘a-lor-rha'chi a, a 
fetal monstrosity in which head and spinal col¬ 
umn are lacking.— a-ceph'a-lo-sto'mi a, a fetal 
monstrosity in which the head is lacking and 
there is a mouthslike aperture on the superior 
aspect, t a-ceph*a-lo-sto'mus. — a-ceph'a-lo-tho- 
ra'ci a, a fetal monstrosity in which head and 
chest are lacking. t3^“Ceph-a-lo-tho'rus. 
a-ceph'a-lus, pi. -li. A monstrosity with head rudi¬ 
mentary or absent; microcephalous acardiac foe¬ 
tus. ^Acephalo-. The best»known varieties are 
A. dibrach'ius, with two arms: A. monobrach'ius, 
with one arm: A. di'pus, with two legs: A. mon'~ 
opus, with one leg: A. parac^p/i'a/Ms = paraceph- 
ALUS‘ and A. sym'pus, with fused legs. [< a 
priv. 4- Kt^a\r] head.] fa-ceph'a-lous. 

A'cer. The genus of maples. A. sacchari'num, the 
sugar maple, from which maplessugar is extracted. 
Acera'tes decum'bens. An asclepiadaceous plant of 
New Mexico, used as a specific in snake*bites. 
a-cer-a-to'sis. Deficient formation of horny tissue. 
[<a priv. -f- Kcpaq horn.] 

a-cerb'. Sour, bitter, and harsh to the taste, 
fa-cer'bi-ty. 

a-cer'cus. A monstrosity in which the If \ i 

coccygeal vertebrae are lacking. [ < i M / 

aKspKoq without a tail.] \ il la 

ac'er-dol. Calcium permanganate, Ca- W f 

(Mn0j2+5H20: used as a disin- U J 

fectant and for sterilizing drinking* b\ n 
water. Dose, 0.06 Gm. (i gr.). I [f/l 

ac'e-rose. In botany, needle*shaped. 
a-cer'vu-line. Aggregated: said of j M 

glands. 'll 

a-cer'vu-lus*. The sanddike matter l||f 

found in or about the pineal gland, 11 

and occasionally in the choroid plex- m 
uses and in other parts of the brain* 
membranes; brain=sand; A. cerebri. ^ 

[< L., dim. of acer'vus a heap.] 
fa-cer-vu-lo'ma = psammoma. 
a-ces'cence. i. Sourness. 2. The process of be¬ 
coming sour. [<L. aces'cere to become sour.] 





ACESTOMA 


10 


ACETcTHEOCIN^SODIUM 


a-ces-to'ma. A structure composed of granulation* 
tissue. [< a/teoTOf healed.] 
a-ce'ta. PI. of acetum. 

a-ce-tab'u-lum*, pi. -la. The round cavity in the 
os innominatum which receives the head of the 
femur; cotyloid cavity. A. hu'meri = glenoid 
CAVITY. [< L., a “ vinegarscruet,” fr. ace'tum 
vinegar.] fa-ce-tab'u-lar, pertaining to the 
acetabulum, as A. artery, one of the terminal 
branches of the obturator artery supplying the 
hipsjoint: A. coxalgia, hipsjoint disease in which 
the acetabulum is chiefly affected: A. fossa, a 
pit at the bottom of the acetabulum, to the edges 
of which is attached the ligamentum teres; fossa 
acetabuli*: and A. notch = cotyloid notch. 
a-ce-tab'u-li-form. 

ac'e-tal. Diethyl aldehydate, CgHj^Oj, a hypnotic 
compound of aldehyde with ether, formed by the 
action of platinum black on the vapor of alcohol 
in the presence of oxygen; diethylacetal. Dose, 
8 to 12 Gm. (2 to 3 fl. drs.). 
a-ce-tal'de-hyde. = Aldehyde, def. 2. 
a-ce-tam'ide. A white crystalline substance, CjHg- 
NO. 

a-ce-tamd-dosan-ti-py'rine. A compound used like 
antipyrine. 

a-ce-tam*i-do-sal'ol. =Salophen. 
ac-e-tam'i-nol. A white, crystalline or scaly pow¬ 
der, CigHggNO^; acetamidobenzoyl: used in pul¬ 
monary tuberculosis. 

a-ce-tan'i-lide. = Acetanilidum*. Monobromated 

a.= ANTISEPSIN. 

a-ce-tan-i-U'dum*. The monacetyl derivative of 
aniline, CgH^NO, obtained by the action of glacial 
acetic acid upon aniline; antifebrin; acetanilide; 
phenylacetamide. It occurs in white, shiny, 
crystalline scales. It is an active antipyretic, 
with a marked depressant action on the heart; 
much used in neuralgia, headache, and rheuma¬ 
tism, and forms or has formed the principal con¬ 
stituent of many common proprietary remedies, 

as AMMONOL, ANTIKAMNIA, ORANGEINE, PHENAL- 
GiN, SALACETiN, etc. Externally it is used as a 
dusting powder, but may lead to poisoning. Dose, 
0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). i^PuLvis acetanilidi com- 

POSITUS*. 

a-ce-ta-nis'i-din. =Methacetin. 
ace'tas. = Acetate. [ L.] 

ac'e-tate. A compound of acetic acid with a base; 
a salt of acetic acid, f^-^ce-ta-ted, as the A. tinc¬ 
ture of opium, U.S.P. 1870. 
a-cet-brom-an'i-lide. = Antisepsin. 
a-ce'tic or a-cet'ic. Relating to vinegar; made of 
vinegar. i^^Acetum. A. acid, the sour or acid 
principle, C^H^Og, which characterizes vinegar. 
It may be obtained by the oxidation of common 
alcohol or by the distillation of wood, and is 
often prepared by the fermentation of wine, 
cider, or dilute whisky. The official acid (aci- 
dum aceticum*) contains not less than 36% of 
absolute acetic acid and about 64% of water. 
It has a specific gravity of about 1.048. Diluted 
a. acid consists of i Gm. of the official acetic 
acid and 5 Gm. of water; acidum aceticum dilu- 
tum*. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). Glacial a. acid, 
a liquid containing not less than 99% by weight 
of absolute acetic acid; acidum aceticum glaciate*. 
It may be used as a caustic. A. aldehyde = al¬ 
dehyde, def. 2. A. anhydride, a colorless liquid 
with the odor of acetic acid, (CHg.COljO: used 
as a reagent. A. ether = ^ther aceticus*. A. 
ferment = Mycoderma aceti. 


a-cet'i-fy. To turn into vinegar, 
ac'e-tin. Any one of the glyceryl acetates, oily 
liquids obtained by heating acetic acid and 
glycerin in various proportions. 
ac*e-t 05 a-ce'tic acid. =Diacetic acid. 
ac'e-tosal-bu'min. An albuminous body found in 
urine: soluble in acetic acid. 
ac*e-to-bu-tyr'ic acid. = Propionic acid. 
ac’e-to-for'mic acid. =Pyroracemic acid. 
ac'e-tol. A ketone alcohol, derivable from sugars 
by the action of alkalies. Its hydrate has a re¬ 
markable power in reducing*copper solutions, 
ac-e-tol'u id. Antipyretic resembling acetanilide, 
ac-e-tom'e-ter. An instrument for determining the 
strength of acetic acid." 

ac'e-to-nae'mi a. The presence of acetone in the 
blood, Diabetes. 

ac*e-to-nastb'ma. A condition resembling uraemic 
dyspnoea and probably due to autosintoxication. 
ac'e-tone. i. =Acetonum*. A. bodies, the ace- * 
tone, diacetic acid, and j 3 =oxybutyric acid of 
diabetes, starvation, etc. A. chloroform = chlo- 
RETONE. A. complex, the condition of excretion 
of acetone bodies. Monochlorated a.= chlor- 
ACETONE. A. resorcinol, an antiseptic combina¬ 
tion of acetone and resorcmol. 2. Any one of a 
class of compounds formed of two hydrocarbon 
radicals united by the group CO (carbonyl), inclu¬ 
ding ACETONUM*. fac'e-ton-gly-co-su'ri a, glyco¬ 
suria due to poisoning with acetone, ac-e-ton'ic. 
ac’e-to-ni'trile. A colorless volatile liquid, CHgCN; 

methyl cyanide. Hyg. Lab. Bui. No. 69, ’10.] 
ac'e-to-no-re-sor'ci-nol. = Acetone resorcinol. 
a-ce-to'num*. Acetone, an inflammable, colorless 
liquid of an acrid taste and a penetrating odor, 
containing not less than 99% of dimethybketone, 
CHg.CO.CHg’, methylacetyl; pyro*acetic spirit or 
ether. It is anaesthetic and is used officially as 
solvent in the making of oleoresins. Dose, i Cc. 
(15 mins.). It is recommended by Murphy for 
dissolving gutta=percha (4 to 8%) in preparing 
a coating for the hands and arms of surgeons 
during operations, illiquid courtsPlaster. 
ac’e-to-nu'ri a. The presence of an abnormal amount 
of acetone in the urine. (^Diabetes. 
ac‘e-to-par-a-tol'u ide. An antipyretic, CgHjjNO. 
ac*e-to=per-ac'id. The dioxyacetyl compound CHg- 
CO-O-OH: used like acetozone and alphozone. 
ace-to-phe-net'i-din. = Acetphenetidinum*. 
ace-tO-phe'none. A pungent hypnotic, CgHgO; 

hypnone. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.), 
ac’e-to-phe-none-phe-net'i din citrate. =Malarin. 
ac'e-to-py'rine. A mixture of acetyl salicylic acid 
and antipyrene, sedative and antipyretic; acopy- 
rine. Dose, 0.3 to 0.6 Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). 
ac*e-tor-tho-tol'u ide. An antipyretic, CgH jjNO: less 
toxic than acetanilide. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 
ac'e-tous. Pertaining to, resembling, or producing 
vinegar. 

a-cet'o-zone. A mixture of equal parts of benzoyl- 
acetyl peroxide and an inert absorbent powder: 
an external and intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 0.2 
to 0.3 Gm. (3 to 5 grs.). 
a-cet-phe-net'i-din. = Acetphenetidinum*. 
a-cet-phe-net-i-di'num*. Acetphenetidin (phenace- 
tin), a phenol derivative: the product of the 
acetylization of para=amido phenetol: used as an 
antipyretic and antineuralgic. It is odorless and 
tasteless. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 
ac'etsthe’O-cinsso'di um. Soluble theocin: used in 
* cardiac affections, nephritis, etc. Dose, 0.2 to 
0.35 Gm. (3 to 5 grs.). 


ACETUM 


11 


ACHROMATIN 


a-ce'tum, pi. -ta. i. Vinegar; acetic acid, 2. A me¬ 
dicinal preparation with vinegar or diluted acetic 
acid for the menstruum; a vinegar, as A . aromat- 
icum (B.P.); and A. cantharidis (B.P.), “vinegar 
of cantharides” ; A. lobelice, “.vinegar of lobelia”; 
and A. sanguinaricB, “ vinegar of bloodsroot.” A. 
acer'rimum, concentrated acetic acid. A. aromat'- 
icum (N. F.), “ aromatic vinegar,” acetic acid, 4 fl. 
ozs.; alcohol, 3 fl. ozs., and water, aromatized with 
the oils of lavender, peppermint, cinnamon, rose¬ 
mary, and juniper, each 4 mins., and oils of cloves 
and lemon, each *8 mins., sufficient to make i 
pint; its'vapor is snuffed up the nostrils as a 
refreshing or stimulant restorative, in fainting or 
nervous weakness. A. bezoar'dicum, aromatic 
vinegar. A. o'pii*, powdered opium, 100 Gm.; 
nutmeg, 30 Gm.; sugar, 200 Gm.; and dilute acetic 
acid, enough to make 1000 Cc. Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 
mins.). A. satur'ni, solution of lead subacetate. 
A. scil'lae*, squill, 100 Gm., and dilute acetic acid, 
enough to make 1000 Cc. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.), 
ac'e-tyl. The radical CH3-CO- of acetic acid, 
CH3COOH. A. atoxyl = ARSACETiN, A. bromide, 
A. chloride, and A, iodide, double anhydrides of 
acetic acid with hydrobromic. hydrochloric, and 
hydriodicacids, respectively, CHgCOBr, CH3COCI, 
and CH3COI. A, oxide = ACETIC ANHYDRIDE. A. 
peroxide, a thick liquid, (CjHgOlgOg: it is a 
powerful oxidizing agent. A, value, the num¬ 
ber of milligrammes of potassium hydrate re¬ 
quired to neutralize the acetic acid of i Gm. of 
ACETYLATED FAT. t^“Ce-ty-la'ted, as A. fat, a 
fat which has had its alcoholic radicals replaced 
by acetyl groups by treatment with acetic anhy¬ 
dride. ac-e-tyPic, ace-tyl-i-za'tion, 
a-cet'y-lene or ac'e-ty-lene, A colorless gas, CgHg 
a constituent of coaDgas. A. urea = glycoluril, 
ac*e-tyl-glu-cos-am'ine. Beiir. z. chent. Phys. u. 
Path. ’07.] 

a-cet'y-lide. A combination of acetylene with an 
element or radical, 
a-cet'y-lous acid. = Lampic acid. 
ac*e-tyl-phe’nyl-am'ine. == Acetanilidum*. 
ac’e-tyl-phe*nyl-hy'dra-zine, = Pyrodine. 
ac'e-tyl-tan'nin, =Tannigen. 
ac'e-tyl-thy'mol. Thymol acetate, a yellowish anti¬ 
septic liquid, CjgHjgOg. 

a-chal-y-bae'mi a. Insufficiency of iron in the blood. 
A-chard's test. An unreliable test for renal perme¬ 
ability by noting how soon and for how long after 
administration methylene blue and its deriva¬ 
tives are present in the urine; Achard and Cas- 
taigne’s epithelial filtration test, 
ache. I. A continuous fixed pain. 2, Common 
parsley. 

a-chei'li a, a-chi'li a. Congenital absence of one or 
both of the lips. fa-chePlous; a-chei'lus. 
a-chei'ri a, a-chi'ri a. Congenital absence of one or 
both hands or feet, the word apus being pref¬ 
erably used for the' latter condition. i 3 "Pero- 
CHEiRUS. fa-chei'rous. a-chei'rus. 
ache'weed. =^gopodium podagraria. 
achic'olum. The sweating room of a Roman bath. 
Achille'a. A genus of composite plants, as A. mil- 
lefo'lium, the common yarrow, or milfoil, a mildly 
aromatic and stimulant bitter tonic, yielding 
ach-il-le'ic acid=ACONiTic acid; and ach-il-le'in, 
a reddishsbrown glucosid with a bitter taste. 
A-chil'les tendon. =Tendo achillis. A. tendon 
reaction =TENDO achillis reflex. 
a-chil*lo-bur-si'tis. Inflammation and thickening 
of the bursae near the tendo achillis. 


a-chil-lo-dyn'i a. Pain at the insertion of the 
Achilles tendon: most marked in walking^r 
standing. 

a-chil-lor'rha-phy. Suture of the Achilles tendon, 
a-chil-lot'o-my, a-chil*lo-te-not'o-my. Surgical di¬ 
vision of the Achilles tendon, 
ach'ing kidney. A kidney which is the seat of deep, 
constant pain increasing at menstruation: said to 
be due to mild subacute nephritis, 
a-chi'ri a. =Acheiria. 

a-chlor-hy'dri a. Lack of hydrochloric acid in the 
gastric juice; hypochlorhydria. Subacidity. 
a-chlo-rop'si a. Inability to distinguish green tints; 

green=blindness. Anerythropsia. 
ach'lys. Obscuration of vision due to central ulcer¬ 
ations or cicatrices on the cornea. [ < mist.] 

ach'ne. i. A shred of lint. 2. A flake of mucus» 
like substance on the cornea. [ < 
a-cho'li a. Absence, more or less complete, of the 
, bile; non=secretion of bile. [<a priv. 

bile.] fa-chol'ic; ach'o-lous. 
a-cho-lu'ri a. Absence of bile from the urine, 
fa-cho-lu'ric, as A. ictertis, mild chronic jaundice 
in which no bile is present in the urine: it is often 
of a congenital and family type. {^J.A.M.A. 
j. ’09.] 

a-chon-dro-pla'si a. Failure of development of the 
limbs due to an abortive state of the columnar 
row of the cartilage cells; chondrodystrophia 
foetalis hyperplastica; foetal rickets; foetal cre¬ 
tinism. Micromelia, fa-chon-dro-pla'si ac. 
a-chon-dro-plas'ty. 

a'chor, pi. a'chores. An old name for various scurfy 
skin diseases; crusta lactea; 
scaldshead. Scabies cap¬ 
itis. [< dx(^p dandruff.] 

fa-chor'ic. 

a-chor'dal. Not connected with 
the notochord. 

a-cho-re'sis. Insufficiency of 
capacity of any hollow organ, 
as the bladder, for holding 
fluid. 

Acho'rion. A genus of fungi 
producing various skin dis¬ 
eases, as A. keratoph'agus, 
onychomycosis; A. schon- 
lei'ni, favus ; etc. OiDi- 
Um. 

a-cho-ris'tus. A sign or symp¬ 
tom inseparable from (or in¬ 
variably accompanying) a particular state of 
health or disease, ts- Pathognomonic. 
a-chro'a, a*-chroi'a. Absence of color; pallor, 
a-chro’a-cy-to'sis. = Mikulicz’s disease. 
ach*rosam'y-loid, A form of amyloid degeneration 
which fails to give the color reaction, 
a-chro'ma, a-chro'mi a. i. Absence of pigment or 
color. 2. = Achromatosis, def. i. 
a-chro'ma-cyte. A leucocyte, or a decolorized red 
cell. 

a-chro-ma'si a. Lack of normal skinspigmentation; 
albinism; leucopathy. 

a-chro-raat'ic. i. Producing no discoloration: said 
of lenses and objectives corrected against chro¬ 
matic aberration of light. 2. Color-blind. 3. 
Containing achromatin. A. spindle = nuclear 
SPINDLE. [< a priv. -f- color.] f^-chro'- 

ma-tism. a-chro'ma-phile. 
a-chro'ma-tin. The faintly staining, non-fibrillated 
portion of the nucleus of a cell; nuclear juice or 
matrix; paranuclein. 



Achorion schonlei- 
Ni. the Fungus of 
Favus. X_ about 
450. (Duhring.) 


ACHROMATOCYTE 


12 


ACIDUM 


d-chro-mat'o-cyte. Hayem’s shadow cells, 
a^chro-ma-tol'y-sis. = Plasmolysis. 
a-chro-mat'o-phile. Showing little or no staining 
qualities, ta-chro-ma-toph'i-lous. 
a-chro-ma-top'si a, a-chro-ma-top'sis, a-chro-ma- 
top'sy. Congenital or acquired colorsblindness; 
dyschromatopsia: it may be partial or complete. 
I®" Acyanoblepsia; anerythropsia ; chromato- 
dysopia; daltonism; xanthocyanopsia. 
a-chro-ma-to'sis. i. A disease of the hair or skin, 
marked by defects or failure of the pigmenta¬ 
tion. 2. =Achroma, def. i. Chromatosis. 
a-chro-ma-tu'ri a. A colorless condition of the 
urine. [< a priv. -h color-|- ovpov urine.] 

a-chro'mi a. = Achroma. fa-chro'mic. 
a-chro-mo-der'ma. = Leucoderma. 
a-chro-mo-trich'i a. Deficient coloring of the hair, 
a-chro-o-cy-to'sis. = Mikulicz’s disease. 
a-chro-o-dex'trin. A variety of dextrin, not colored 
by iodine, convertible into dextrose by acids, 
but not by fermentation. ^ Erythrodextrin. 
a-chy'li a, a-chy-lo'sis. Lack or defect of chyle for¬ 
mation: seen in cancer, pernicious anaemia, etc. 
A. gas'trica, permanent absence of gastric secre¬ 
tion, as in gastritis glandularis atrophicans. It 
is determined by testsmeals and Sahli’s des¬ 
moid REACTION. fa-chy'lous. 
a-chy-mo'sis, a-chy'mi a. Deficiency in, or absence 
of, the formation of chyme, fa-chy'mous. 
a-cic'u-lar. Needle-shaped: said of crystals, 
ta-cic'u-late. 

ac'id. I. Sour, sharp to the taste. 2. Having the 
chemical properties of an acid, 
ac'id. In chemistry, a compound of an electro¬ 
negative element or radical with hydrogen, hav¬ 
ing the property of combining with an alkali or a 
base and thus forming a new compound; acidum. 
Most acids contain oxygen and are known as ter¬ 
nary or oxyacids; those which do not are binary 
or hydrogen acids. Acids which end in -ic form 
salts in -ate, and acids in -ous salts in -ite. Ac¬ 
cording to the number of replaceable hydrogen 
atoms, acids are known as monobasic (one), diba¬ 
sic (two), tribasic (three), tetrabasic (four), etc. 
In this dictionary the acids are entered under 
their adjectival titles, but see acidum for the 
official and a few other acids, as from the 1890 
U. S. P., the N. P., and the B. P. A. albumin, 
albumin which has become changed by the ac¬ 
tion of an acid. It is not coagulated by heat 
and is insoluble in neutral solutions. i$-Syn- 
TONiN. A. of amber = SUCCINIC acid. A. bath, 
a bath containing an acid, such as hydro¬ 
chloric, sulphuric, or nitrohydrochloric acid: used 
to check perspiration. A. carbonate = bicar¬ 
bonate. A. cells = DELOMORPHOUS CELLS. A. 
dyspepsia, dyspepsia accompanied by excessive 
formation of acids. A. elixir of Haller = mis- 
TURA SULPHURICA ACIDA. A. haematin = H.EMA¬ 
TIN, def. I. A. orcein, a variety of orcein used 
as a stain for protoplasm and intracellular sub¬ 
stance. A. reaction, the reaction by which blue 
litmus is turned red by an acid. A. salt, a salt in 
which only part of the hydrogen of the acid has 
been replaced by a basic radical. A. sense, the 
ability of the stomach to regulate the secretion 
of hydrochloric acid according to the needs of 
digestion. A. of sugar = oxalic acid. A. sul¬ 
phate, an acid salt of sulphuric acid. A. tide, a 
temporarily increased acidity of the urine some¬ 
times following fasting, Alkaline tide. A. 
value, the number of milligrammes of potassium 


hydrate required to saponify i Gm. of a giver, 
fat. A. of vitriol = SULPHURIC acid. [< L. 
a'cidum, ft. ace're to be sharp.] 
a-ci-dae'mi a. Abnormal acidity of the blood. 
Acidosis. 

ac'idsfast. A term applied to stained bacteria, as 
the tubercle bacillus, which are not readily decol¬ 
orized by acids. 

a-cid'i-fi-a-ble. Capable of being converted into 
an acid, or rendered acid. f^^'Cid'i-fy. a-cid*i- 
fi-ca'tion. 

a-ci-dim'e-try. The process of ascertaining the 
amount of acid in a liquid: usually determined 
in terms of a normal or decinormal solution of 
sodium hydrate. [< L. a'cfJwm an acid perpelv 
to measure.] tsi“Ci-dim'e-ter. 
acidity (a-sfd'i-ti). i. The quality of being acid. 
2. The combining power of a base, measured by 
the number of hydrogen atoms it can replace 
in an acid. A. of the stomach, a condition marked 
by heartburn, distress, epigastric and acid eruc¬ 
tations. 

ac‘i-do-gal*va-no-cau'ter-y. Cauterization by the 
electric needle. 

ac'i-dol. Betaine hydrochloride, 
a ci-dol'o-gy. The science of surgical appliances. 

[< a/c/f a point, a needle, a bandage.] 
acfi-do-pei-ras'tic. i. Relating to the use of the 
exploratory needle. 2. The art or practice of 
using the exploratory needle, 
a-cid'o-phile. i. Easily stained by acid. 2. A 
tissue or cell having an affinity for acid stains. 
^Basophile; neutrophile. t^-cid-o-phiTic; 
a-cid-oph'i-lous. 

a-ci-do'sis. An increase of acid in the organism 
inducing intoxication, as / 3 -oxybutyric acid in 
diabetes; acid intoxication: observed in many 
chronic disorders of metabolism, and best esti¬ 
mated quantitatively by the amount of nitrogen 
eliminated as ammonia, the normal daily amount 
so eliminated being about 0.7 Gm. (10^ grs.). 
a-ci-dos'te-o-phyte. A sharp-pointed osteophyte, 
ac'idsre-sis'tant bacillus. = Pseudotuberculosis 
BACILLUS. 

a-cid'u-late. To render more or less acid, 
a-cid'u-lous waters, Mineral waters. 
ac'i-dum, pi. -da. An acid. A. ace'ticum*=ACETic 
ACID. A. ace'ticum dilu'tum*, dilute acetic acid, 
containing i Gm. of official acetic acid and 5 
Gm. of distilled water. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 
A. ace'ticum glacia'le* = glacial acetic acid. A. 
arseno'sum, arsenous acid, the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for ARSENI TRioxiDUM*. A. asep'ticum, a mixt¬ 
ure of solution of hydrogen peroxide with boric 
acid and salicylic acid. A. benzo'icum*, benzoic 
acid, CyHyOg, obtained from benzoin by sublima¬ 
tion, or prepared artificially, chiefly from toluol. 
It is antiseptic and antipyretic, and increases the 
acidity of the urine. It is used in catarrh of the 
bladder and in bronchitis. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 
A. bo'ricum*, boric acid, H3BO3, a white crystal¬ 
line powder, soluble in water and alcohol, and 
antiputrefactive; boracic acid; orthoboric acid: 
used externally in antiseptic solutions, also as a 
dusting powder. Internal dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 
A. caeru'leum, “ blue acid,” = hydrocyanic acid. 
A. campho'ricum*, camphoric acid, HgCjoHiP^, 
obtained by the oxidation of camphor: used 
against the night-sweats of phthisis and exter¬ 
nally in pharyngitis and laryngitis. Dose, i Gm. 
(15 grs.). A. carbol'icum, the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for PHENOL*. A. carbol'icum cru'dum, the i»(jo 



ACIDUM 


13 


ACME 


U. S. P. name for crude carbolic acid, a liquid 
obtained in the distillation of coabtar. A. car- 
bol'icum ioda'tum (N. F.), iodized carbolic acid, 
iodized phenol; made of powdered iodine, 20 
parts; carbolic acid, 76 parts; glycerin, 4 parts. 
A. chro'micum, chromic acid, the 1890 U. S. P. 
name for chromii trioxidum*. A. cit'ricum*, 
citric acid, HgCgH^O^ + HgO, a tribasic acid found 
in the juice of lemons and limes; antiseptic, diuret¬ 
ic, antiscorbutic, and refrigerant. Dose, 0.5 Gm. 
(72 grs.). A. gal'licum*, gallic acid, HCyH^O^, 
astringent arid haemostatic: usually prepared 
from tannin. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). A. hydri- 
od'icum dilu'tum*. diluted hydriodic acid, made 
of 135 Gm. of potassium iodide, 10 Gm. of potas¬ 
sium hypophosphite, 136.5 Gm. of tartaric acid, 
and distilled water a sufficient quantity to make 
1000 Cc.: used like potassium iodide. Dose, 
0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). A. hydrobro'micum dilu'tum*, 
diluted hydrobromic acid, a 10% solution of 
absolute hydrobromic acid. It acts in general 
like the bromides and has been used in tinnitus 
aurium. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fi. dr.). A. hydrochlo'- 
ricum*, containing 31.9% by weight of absolute 
HYDROCHLORIC ACID. A. hydfochlo'ricum dilu'¬ 
tum*, diluted hydrochloric acid, containing 10% 
of absolute hydrochloric acid: see hydrochloric 
ACID for properties. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). A. 
hydrocyan'icum dilu'tum*, diluted hydrocyanic 
acid, containing not less than 2% of absolute 
HYDROCYANIC ACID. Dose, o.i Cc. (i^ mins.). A. 
hypophosphoro'sum*, hypophosphorous acid, a 
liquid containing 30% by weight of absolute 
hypophosphorous acid. A. hypophosphoro'sum 
dilu'tum*, diluted hypophosphorous acid, having 
the general therapeutic properties of the hypo- 
phosphites and of phosphorous acid. Dose, 0.5 
Cc. (8 mins.). A. lac'ticum*, lactic acid, an aque¬ 
ous liquid containing 75% of absolute lactic 
ACID. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). A. lac'ticum dilu'¬ 
tum, the diluted lactic acid of the B. P. A. 
mecon'icum (B. P.), meconic acid, C7H^07, a 
crystalline constituent of opium, almost entirely 
without active properties. A. metaphosphor'- 
icum dilu'tum, the diluted metaphosphoric acid 
(glacial phosphoric acid) of the N. F., containing 
about 10% of the pure acid. It is prepared by 
dissolving 780 grs. of glacial phosphoric acid in 
enough distilled water to make 16 fl. oz. A. mu- 
riat'icum, an old name for A. hydrochloricum. 
A. ni'tricum* = NITRIC acid. A. ni'tricum dilu'¬ 
tum*, diluted nitric acid, containing 10% by 
weight of absolute nitric acid; used internally in 
oxaluria, diarrhoea, indigestion, and stomatitis. 
Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). A. nitrohydrochlo'ricum* 
= NiTROHYDRocHLORic ACID. A. nitrohydrochlo'- 
ricum dilu'tum*, diluted nitrohydrochloric acid, 
containing approximately 10% of absolute nitro¬ 
hydrochloric ACID. Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). A. 
ole'icum* = OLEIC acid. A. os'sium, glacial phos¬ 
phoric acid. A. oxal'icum = OXALIC acid. A. 
phosphor'icum*, phosphoric acid. A. phos- 
phor'icum concentra'tum, concentrated phos¬ 
phoric acid. A. phosphor'icum dilu'tum*, di¬ 
luted phosphoric acid, containing 10 Gm. of 
official phosphoric acid and 75 Gm. of distilled 
water: used in dyspepsia, phosphaturia, rickets 
and caries. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). A. phos¬ 
phor'icum glacia'le, “glacial phosphoric acid.” 
t^AciDUM metaphosphoricum dilutum. a. 
salicyl'icum* = salicylic acid. A. stea'ricum*, 
an organic acid from solid fats, a white, glossy 


solid without odor or taste, Stearic acid. A. 
sulphu'ricum* = SULPHURIC acid. A. sulphu'- 
ricum aromat'icum*, aromatic sulphuric acid, 
made with official sulphuric acid (ii.i%) and 
alcohol mixed with tincture of ginger and oil of 
cinnamon. It is tonic and astringent. Dose, i 
Cc. (15 mins.) in water. A. sulphu'ricum dilu'¬ 
tum*, diluted sulphuric acid, consisting of 10 Gm. 
of official sulphuric acid and 82.5 Om. of distilled 
water. Sulphuric acid. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 
mins.) in water. A. sulphuro'sum*, sulphurous 
acid, a colorless, aqueous liquid, HgSOg, contain¬ 
ing not less than 6% by weight of sulphurous 
acid gas and about 94% of water. It is used as 
a lotion or spray in diphtheria and in stomatitis, 
as a wash for indolent ulcers, and to arrest fer¬ 
mentation and putrefaction. Internal dose, 2 Cc. 
(30 mins.) in water. A. tan'nicum*, tannic acid, 
Cj^HjoOg, a monobasic organic acid obtained from 
nutgall; gallotannic acid; digallic acid; tannin. 
It is a white or yellowish amorphous powder and 
is used externally as an astringent, styptic, and 
haemostatic, and internally as an astringent in 
atonic diarrhoea and as an antidote to many veg¬ 
etable poisons. i^Acidum gallicum*; galla*. 
Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). A. tartar'icum*, tartaric 
acid, HgC^H^Og, a dibasic organic acid usually 
prepared from argol. Tartaric acid. Dose, 
0.5 Cc. (7^ grs.). A. trichlorace'ticum*, trichlor¬ 
acetic acid, HCjCl^Og, usually obtained by 
means of oxidizing hydrated chloral with nitric 
acid. [ L.] 

a'ci es. A ridge, as the elevation on the taenia 
semicircularis at the side of the foramen of 
Monro. [L.] 

a-cil'i ate. Destitute of cilia. 

a-ci-ne'si a, a-ci-ne'sis. i. Lack or loss of the 
power of motion, as in hysteria and hypochon¬ 
driasis. A. al'gera, motionlessness due to inex¬ 
plicable pain on movement. 2. Cessation of 
motion; the interval between movements (as 
between the systole and the diastole of the heart), 
fa-ci-ne'sic or a-ci-net'ic. a-ci-ne'ti-form. 
a-ci-ne-ta-tro'phi a. Atrophy from lack of use or 
exercise. 

ac'i-nus, pi. ac'ini. One of the minute spherical 
terminal compartments of a compound saccular 
or racemose gland, lined with the secreting epi¬ 
thelial cells. [L., “ a berry.”] a-cin'i- 

form, as A. tunic — aciniformis. ac-i- 

ni'tis. ac'i-nous or ac'i-nose, as A. gland = race¬ 
mose GLAND. ac‘i-no-tu'bu-lar, as A. gland, a 
gland intermediate in structure between an acin¬ 
ous and a tubular gland. 

ac-i-pen'se-rin. A protamine from Acipen'ser Stel¬ 
la'tus, the starred sturgeon, 
a-ci-ur'gi a. That branch of surgery which includes 
the bloody operations. 

Ack'er-man’s angles. Marked angular distortions 
at the base of the skull, as in kyphosis, 
a-clas'tic. Nonsrefracting. 

a-clei'di an, a-cli'di an. Without one or both clavi¬ 
cles. [< a priv. -f- /cAe/f clavicle.] 
a-clei-to-car'di a. i. Patency of the foramen ovale. 

2. The cyanosis thus induced, 
ac'mai. =Acne. ^ 

ac-mas'tic. Continued (as a fever) without acme 
and without remission or intermission, 
ac'me. i. The highest degree of a disease; crisis. 

Stadium. 2. The prime of life. 3. Acne. 4. A 
wart. A. yellow, resorcinol yellow; tropaeolin O.; 
tropaeolin R.; yellow T.: a stain. [< d/c/^^ point.] 


ACNE 


14 


ACORIA 


ac'ne. A general name for various eruptions, often 
pustular, arising from the hairsfollicles and seba¬ 
ceous glands: sometimes caused by drugs, such as 
bromides, iodides, and tar.’ A. al'bida, miliary 
tubercle. A. artificia'lis, acne produced by exter¬ 
nal irritation, and disappearing when the cause is 
removed. A. atroph'ica, acne with atrophy of 
the skin around the pustule. Bromide a., bro¬ 
mide. A. cachectico'rum, a variety of acne, in 
runsdown and debilitated persons, marked by 
fiat, livid papules. A. che'loid = dermatitis 
PAPILLARIS CAPiLLiTii. A. ciUa'tis, acute circum¬ 
scribed inflammation of one or more of the ciliary 
sebaceous glands of the eyelid in the form of 
small (usually pustular) nodules, ts- Blepharitis. 
A. dissemina'ta = A. vulgaris. A. erythemato'sa 
=A. ROSACEA. A. fronta'lis = A. varioliformis. 
A. hypertroph'ica, acne rosacea with hypertrophy 
of the skin. A. indura'ta, a variety of acne in 
which the tissues at the base of the pustule be¬ 
come chronically indurated. Iodide a., iodide. 
A. keloid = dermatitis papillaris capillitii. 
A. kerato'sa, a rare affection of the face in which 
red, tender, firm lumps form with a pustular crust 
above and a homy peg below. A. lu'pus = lupus 
M iLiARis. A. menta'gra, sycosis. A. papulo'sa, 
acne vulgaris in which the inflamed glands form 
papules. A. picea'lis, an inflammatory skin affec¬ 
tion seen in those who come in contact with tar 
or its derivatives. A. puncta'ta, acne papulosa, 
the centre of each papule having a black^topped 
comedo. A. pustulo'sa, pustular acne. A. rosa'- 
' cea, the conspicuous eruption of a bright rosy 
hue on the nose and contiguous parts of the face, 
in drunkards; rhinophyma; gutta rosea; rosy= 
drop; brandy*nose; etc. A. scorbu'tica, the pap¬ 
ular eruption frequently seen in scurvy. A. 
scrofulo'sum, a sluggish papulopustular acne of 
trunk and extremities seen in those having stru¬ 
mous symptoms. A. seba'cea = SEBORRHCEA. A. 
sim'plex = A. vulgaris. A. syphilit'ica, pustular 
syphilide. A. variolifor'mis = molluscum epi- 
THELiALE. A. vulga'ris, common acne. [Deriva¬ 
tion uncertain: possibly from aKfirj point, ts- 
Acki-je.] tac-ne'i-form or ac'ni-form, as A. 
syphilide, syphilide. 

ac-ne'mi a. Absence or imperfect development of 
the leg, especially of the calf. [ < a priv. + 
Kvfjpi] leg.] fac-ne'mus. 

ac-nes'tis. The upper part of the back which can¬ 
not readily be scratched. [ < a priv. -f- KvrjOTdQ 
scratched.] fac-nes'mous, free from itching. 
Ac^nida cannab'ina. Virginia hemp, 
ac-ni'tis. = Hydradenitis destruens suppura¬ 
tiva. 

Acocan'thera. A genus of East African trees from 
which the arrow^poison a-co-can'ther-in (prob¬ 
ably ouabain) is obtained; Hottentot’s poison 
bush; Toxicophloea. 

a-coe'li ous. So wasted as to seem to have little or 
no 1 elly. fa-cce-lo'sis. a-cce'li us. 
ac-og-no'si a. Knowledge of or the study of rem¬ 
edies. [ < d/cof a cure -f yvoaLq knowledge.] fa- 

cog'ra-phy. 

ac'o-ine. A white powder of complex composition 
from guanidine: used in infiltration anaesthesia by 
Schleich in i:iooo to i:ioo and as a bactericide, 
ac-o-la'bis. A kind of toothed forceps, 
a-co-la'sia. Unbridled indulgence of the passions; 
intemperance. [ < a priv, + KdXaaig a restrain¬ 
ing.] ta-co-las'tic. 
a-coro-gy. =Aceology. 



a-co'lous. Devoid of limbs. 

a-co-lu'thi a. A sequela. [ <C aKo?.ov 6 ta.\ 

a-co'mi a. Absence of hair where it is normal; 

baldness. [ < u priv. + Kdprj hair.] fa-co'mous. 
a-con'dy-lous. Having no condyles. t^"Con'dy-lose. 
a-co-nel'line. An aconite alkaloid which acts like 
narcotine. 

ac'o-nine. An alkaloid, CjgH^jNOjj, from aconitine, 
ac'o-nite. =Aconitum*. ' 

ac-o-ni'tia. = Aconitine. 

ac-o-nit'ic acid. An acid, CgHgOg, from aconite, 
a-con-i-ti'na*. A powerfully poisonous alkaloid, 
C34H47NO11, constituting the active principle 

of aconite; a-con'i-tine. 
Dose, 0.00015 Gm. (^^^ 
gr.). The alkaloid must 
be handled most care¬ 
fully by the druggist and 
never tasted on account 


Microscopic Section 
OF Aconite. 


Aconite. 


of its poisonous properties. In toxicological cases 
its presence is found by the physiological test, 
ac-o-ni'tum*. Aconite, an important drug pre¬ 
pared from the dried tuberous root of Aconi'tum 
napel'lus, or monkshood, collected in autumn and 
yielding when assayed by the process laid down 
in the U. S. P. not less than 0.5% of aconitina*. 
The resemblance of the root to horseradish has 
caused fatal accidents. Aconite is a cardiac de¬ 
pressant, reducing the rate of the pulse and the 
arterial pressure. The diagnostic symptom of 
poisoning is a peculiar tingling sensation. It 
is used internally as a cardiac sedative, analgesic, 
and antineuralgic, and in sthenic fever, tonsilli¬ 
tis, etc.; also in many liniments. Dose, 0.065 
Gm. (i gr.). Fluidextractum aconiti*; 

TINCTURA ACONITI*; EXTRACTUM ACONITI ; FlEM- 
ming’s tincture. 

a-con-u-re'sis. Involuntary passage of urine, 
a-cop'ic. I. Refreshing; cordial; restorative. 2. A 
restorative medicine. [ < aKoirog unwearied.] 
a-co-pro'sis, a-cop'ria. Constipation. [< a priv. 
+ Kd-TTpog dung.] fa-cop'rous, having little or no 
faeces in the bowel. 

a-cop'y-rin. Antipyrine salicylacetate; acetopy- 
rine: antipyretic, antirheumatic, and sedative. 
Dose, 0.32 Gm. (5 grs.). 

a'cor. Acidity, as in the stomach from indigestion 
a-co-re'a. Absence of or closure of the pupil cA 
the eye. [< a priv. +K 6 p 7 j pupil.] 
a-cor'e-tine. Acorus. 

a-co'ria. Insatiable hunger or thirst. ^Buli¬ 
mia; POLYPHAGIA. [< a priv. +K 6 po^ Satiety.] 



ACORIN 


15 


ACROCHORDON 


ac'o-rin. larAcoRUs. 

a-cor'mus. A monstrosity having a very rudimen¬ 
tary trunk, the umbilical cord sometimes ap¬ 
parently uniting with the cervical region. [ < a 
priv. -f- Kopfio^ trunk.] |a-cor'mous,«as A. acardi- 
ac foetus, one with the trxmk absent, 
a'corn. The fruit of the oak. ^Quercus. Acorns 
afford tannin and quercite (A.=sugar), and 
acorn coffee has given good results as a mild 
astringent and as a substitute for coffee. A.stipped 
bougie, a bougie with an acornsshaped bulb at 
the end. 

Ac'orus. A genus of araceous plants, to which be¬ 
longs Ac'orus cal'amus, or sweet flag, containing 
the alkaloid, a-cor'e-tine, and the glucoside, ac'¬ 
o-rin, CggHgoOg. C.\LAMUs*. 
a-cos'mi a. i. Irregularity in the course or crisis 
of any disease. 2. Illness with a loss of beauty 
or complexion; ill appearance resulting from dis¬ 
ease. 3. Baldness. 4. Indecency as a symptom 
of mental disorder. [< aKoa/j-ia disorder.] 
a-cou'chi balsam. =Icica heterophylla. 
a-cou'me-ter, a-cou-om'e-ter. = Acoutometer. 
a-cou'me-try. The testing of hearing, 
a-cou-o-pho'ni a. A mode of auscultation in which 
the observer places his ear on the chest and 
analyzes the sound produced by percussion, 
a-cou-ox'y-lon. A stethoscope made of a block of 
wood. [< daovELv to hear-}- ^vAov wood.] 
ac'ou-phone. An instrument to aid the hearing 
and to treat diseases of the ear. 
a-cou-sim'e-ter. = Acoutometer. 
a-cous'ma. A species of depraved hearing, in which 
soimds are imagined as if really heard, 
a-cous-ma-tag-no'sis. Mind=deafness: the sounds 
are not recognized owing to mental disturbances, 
a-cous-ma-tam-ne'si a. Inability to recall sounds 
images. 

a-cous-met'ric, a-cou-si-met'ric, a-cous-mo-met'ric. 

Concerning the measurement of the hearing, 
a-cou'stic. Pertaining to sound, or to the sense of 
hearing. A. amnesia, c®- amnesia. A. apparatus, 
terminal = Co RTi’s organ. A. area = trigonum 
acustici. a. crest = crista acustica. A. duct 
= MEATUS AUDiTORius. A. foramen, the in¬ 
ternal auditory meatus. A. formula = Brenner’s 
FORMULA. A. hairscells, numerous stiff, ciliated 
processes connected with the rods of Corti. ^ 
HairsCells. a. hyperalgia = hyperesthesia 
ACUSTICA. A. image, mental images. A. 
nerve, the auditory nerve, or eighth pair of cra¬ 
nial nerves; N. acusticus*. A. neurasthenia, neu¬ 
rasthenia marked by varying degrees of deaf¬ 
ness. A. nucleus = auditory nucleus. A. or¬ 
gan or papilla = CoRTi’s organ. A. reflex, imi¬ 
tative repetition of words heard. A. rods = 
CoRTl’s RODS. A. spots = MACULAE ACUSTICAE*. 
A. striae == STRIAE medullares*. A. tubercle = 

TUBERCULUM ACUSTICUM*. A. Vesicle = AUDITORY 
VESICLE. [< L. acus'ticus, fr. aKovaT7]Q a hearer.] 
a-cou’sti-co-mal'le us. The tensor tympani muscle, 
a-cou'sti-con. An apparatus to aid in defective 
hearing; an earstrumpet. 

a-cou'stics. The doctrine of the theory and princi¬ 
ples of sound. [< CLKOVELV to hear.] 
a-cou-tom'e-ter. An electric and telephonic induc¬ 
tion balance, sometimes used as a test of the deli¬ 
cacy of a person’s hearing. [< aKoveiv to hear-f- 
fihpov measure.] f^^'COu-tom'e-try. 
acquired (a-cwai'?rd). Obtained after birth: op¬ 
posed to congenital or inherited. A. deformities are 
such as conical cornea, staphyloma, fistula, etc., 


in the eye, or hepatoptosis in the liver. A. im¬ 
munity, IMMUNITY. A. movements, movements 
acquired after much practice, as contras+ed with 
innate or fundamental movements, which are 
under the control of the will without practice. A. 
myotonia = MYOTONIA acquisita. 

Ac -quis'to’s solution. An aceto=chromo»sulpho*pic- 
ric=bichloride fixing solution, 
ac-ra-con'i-tine. = Pseudaconitine. 
a-craep'a-lous. Correcting the effects of excess in 
food and diink. [< a priv.-f/cpa^ird/l;; drunken 
excess.] 

a-cral'de-hyde. = Acrolein. 

a-cra'ni a. Part al or total absence of the cranium. 
[ <a priv. -t- Kpa.v'iov cranium.] ta^'Cra'ni al; a-cra'¬ 
ni ous. 

a-cra'si a. Intemperance; lack of self-control, 
a-cra'ti a. Weakness; impotency. [<a priv. ■+■ 
Kpdrog strength.] 

a-cra-to-ther'mae. Springs without prominent chem¬ 
ical characteristics but which act by reason of- 
their high temperature, great purity, and softness, 
a-crat-u-re'sis. Inability to pass the urine, due to 
atony of the bladder. 

A'cree’s test. A formaldehyde color-test for pro- 
teids: gives violet color with sulphuric acid, 
ac-ri-bom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring very 
minute objects or distances. [ < aKpt^ijq exact ] 
ac'rid. Producing a disagreeable sense of irritation' 
or burning on the tongue or in the fauces, as 
A. poison; sharp; pungent. A. se'dum=SBDUM 
acre. [< L. a'cer or a'cris sharp.] 
ac'ri-dine. A crystalline, alkaloidal substai.ee, €,3- 
HgN, derivable from anthracene. Certain of its 
homologues are also called acridines. [From the 
acrid qualities of its solution and its vapor.] 
ac'ri-mo-ny. A sharp, acrid, corrosive quality, 
biting to the tongue. A. of the humors, a changed, 
acrid condition, assumed by the humoialists 
as the cause of many diseases. [ < L. acrimo'nii, 
fr. a'cris sharp, acrid.] 

a-crin'i a. A diminution or total suppression, of the 
secretions. [ < a priv. + Kpiveiv to secrete ] 
ac'ri-nyl thiocyanate, Sinapous fermentation. 
a-cris'i a. A state of disease in which either there 
is no crisis or no judgment can be formed,. [ < « 
priv. + KpLGLq judgment.] fa-crit'i-cal. 
a-crit-o-chro'ma-cy. = CoLORsBLiNDNESs.i [<« 
priv. + Kplveiv to distinguish -1- color.] 

acTOsaes-the'si a. i. Increased sensitiveness. 2. 
Pain in the extremities. [ < aKpor ext reme + 
aladrjaLQ perception.] 

ac'rosan-aes-the'si a. Anaesthesia of the extrt.mifies 
ac'rosar-thri'tis. Arthritis of the extremitb s. 
ac'rosas-phyx'i a. = Raynaud’s phenombI'on. 
ac'ro-blast. The external layer of the mesoblaet 
considered as formed independently of tl^e inner 
layer. [< oKpoQ extreme-I-/^Aacrrdf germ.] fac- 
ro-blas'tic. 

ac-ro-bys'ti a. The prepuce. [ < aKpov extremity + 
(iveiv to cover.] fS’C-ro-bys'ti-o-lith, a preput.'al 
calculus, ac-ro-bys-ti'tis posthitis. ‘ 
acTO-ce-pha'li a, ac-ro-ceph'a-ly. Deformity of the 
head in which the vertical measurement is in¬ 
creased, the crown of the head coming to a point 
or conical top. [ < aKpov point + Ke(paXr/ the head.] 
facTo-ce-phal'ic; ac-ro-ceph'a-lous. 
ac-ro-chor'don. i. A soft, pendulous tumor of 
areolar or glandular structure on the face, eyelid, 
or neck of an elderly person. 2. A small, hard, 
subcutaneous tumor, occurring in groups; r h.-Bn'T- 
mg wart. [ < uKpoxopdd)v a thin-necked W4 r*" ! 

/ 




I 


ACROCINESIS 


16 


. vTiEA 


ac-ro-ci-ne'sis. Excessive motility of parts or of 
muscles; extreme hypercinesis; strong tendency 
to spasm or to exaggerated gestures. [< aKpog 
extreme, high + nlvr/oig motion.] fac-ro-ci-net'ic. 
acTC-cy -a-no'sis. Blueness of the extremities due 
to vasomotor disturbances, as in hysteria. 
aCTO-der-ma-ti'tis. A variety of eczema, situated 
especially on the fingers and toes. A. hiema'lis, 
a variety occurring in winter. [Tf L. j. ’07.] 
ac-ro-dyn'i a. An epidemic, eruptive disease char¬ 
acterized by disordered, often increased, sensi¬ 
bility in the soles and palms, and rheumatoid 
pains in the hands and feet; erythema epidemi- 
cum. Pedionalgia; pellagra. 
acTOsar-y-thro'sis. [Tf I.M., ’09.] 

Ac'rogens. Vascular cryptogams: mosses, ferns, etc. 
ac-ro-ki-ne'si a. = Acrocinesis. 
ac-ro'lein. A volatile, limpid, pungent liquid, 
CHjiCH-CHO, derivable from the distillation of 
fats or of glycerin; acrylic aldehyde; its fumes 
irritate the mucous membranes, Metacrolein. 
[<L. a'cer sharp + o'leum oil.] 
ac-ro-raa'nia. Complete or incurable madness; 
great fury in the insane. [ < aKpoq extreme + 
imv'ia madness.] 

ac-ro-mas'ti um. The nipple. [< aKpov summit T 
t/arrrS^ breast.] fac-ro-mas-ti'tis. 
ac-ro-me-ga'li a, ac-ro-meg'a-ly. A chronic ner¬ 
vous disease, usually of adults and marked by ab¬ 
normal processes of growth, especially in the head, 
face, and extremities; Marie’s disease. It has in 
many cases been found to be associated with dis¬ 
ease of the pituitary body and thyroid gland. 

ty OsTEOsARTHROPATHY, HYPERTROPHIC PULMO¬ 
NARY. [< aKpov an extremity + large. The 

correct form would be megalacria, as in such Greek 
compounds, pkyaq should come first. ^ Rose.] 
acro-me-lal'gi a. A severe, paroxysmal angioneu- 
fosis, marked by redness, swelling, and pain in 
the toes and fingers. Erythromelalgia. 
[< asoov an extremity + peXoq limb + aT^yoq 
pain.] 

acTo-met-a-gen'e-sis. Tendency to symmetrical 
deformities. 

a-cvo'm? al. Relating to the acromion. A. angle, 
the angle between the clavicle and the head of 
the humerus; the posterior part of the acromion 
overhanging the glenoid cavity. A. arteries, the 
arteries supplying the acromial region. The 
superior is a branch of the suprascapular, form¬ 
ing part of the acromial rete; the inferior is a 
branch of the acromiothoracic, distributed to the 
deltoid and forming part of the acromial rete. 
A. neives, small branches from the fourth cervical 
nerve supplying the skin over the acromion. A. 
process = acromion*. A. rete, a net-work of 
arteries on the surface of the acromion formed 
by anastomoses between the superior and^ in¬ 
ferior acromial and anterior and posterior cir¬ 
cumflex; rete acromiale*. A. thoracic artery = 
ACI<;OMIOTHORACIC ARTERY, 
ac-ro-mic'ri a. Unusual smallness of any of the 
extiemities, as from atrophy. [< aKpov an ex¬ 
tremity -f- piKpog small: should be micracria, ^ 
ACROMEGALIA, etymol.] 

a-cro'mi o-. Relating to the acromion: a combining 
fonn. cs- ScAPULo-. [< n/cpovapointthe 
shoulder.] a-cro'mi-o-cla-vic'u-lar, relating to 
the mmirtion and the '^lavicle, as 4 . articulaiion, 
the -; ticulation between the shculder*blqde and 
the llarsbone; articulatio acromioclavicularis*: 
-ira" ligament, two bands, an inferior and a 


superior, on the under and upper sides of the acro' 
mioclavicular articulation; ligamentum acromio- 
claviculare*. — a-cro’mi-o-cor'a-coid ligament, a 
ligament extending from the acromion to the cora¬ 
coid process, and covering over the head of the 
humerus.— a-cro‘mi-o-hu'me-ral, relating to the 
acromion and humerus. — a-cro*ini-o-scap'u-lar 
notch, the great scapular notch; the depression 
leading from the supraspinous to the infraspinous 
fossa.— a-cro-mi-o-tho-ra'cic artery, a branch of 
the axillary artery supplying the muscles of the 
shoulder, arm, and chest. 

a-cro'mi on*. The large outward prolongation of 
the spine of the scapula, forming the point of the 
shoulder ; acromial process. [< aKpov a point 4 - 
upog the shoulder.] 

a-crom'pha-k)n, -lum, -lus, a-crom-pha'lium. i. 

The centre of the navel, to which the cord is 
attached in the foetus. 2. Incipient umbilical 
hernia. [< aKpov summit-f- bp(l>aA 6 g the navel.] 
a-crom'y-le. The patella. [ < aKpov apex + piArj 
the patella.] 

ac'ro-nar-cot'ic. Both acrid and narcotic. A. 
poison, ^ POISON. 

acro-neu-ro'sis. A neurosis affecting an extremity, 
a-cron'y-chous. Having nails, claws, or hoofs, "feic'- 
ro-nyx, an ingrowing nail. 
acTo-pa-raes-the'si a. i. A symptom complex con¬ 
sisting of painful paraesthesia, especially of the 
hands and fingers (rarely the feet), at night and 
in the morning, accompanied by a feeling of stiff¬ 
ness; waking numbness: commonest in women at 
the climacteric. 2. Severe paraesthesia. [<d/cpov 
an extremity -fPAR.ESTHESiA. Clin. J. ’08.] 
acTo-pa-ral'y-sis. Paralysis of the extremities. 
ac‘ro-pa-thol'o-gy. Pathology of diseases of the 
extremities. 

a-crop'a-thy. Any disease of the extremities, 
ac-ro-pho'bi a. A morbid dread of being aloft or 
going aloft; kenophobia: sometimes confused 
with aerophobia, one of the symptoms of rabies. 
[< aKpog aloit+ <p 6 j 3 og dread.] 
ac-ro-pos'thi a. The prepuce, t^c'ro-pos-thi'tis. 
ac"ro-scle-ro-der'ma. A variety of scleroderma 
attacking the extremities, 
ac'rose. An artificial sugar, CgHjoOg, from acrolein, 
ac-ro-sed'a-tive. Both acrid and sedative. A. 
poison, ^POISON. 

ac-ro-sphac'e-lus. Gangrene of the extremities. 
Acros'tichum. A genus of ferns. A. au'reum, A. 

fia'vens, etc., are used in medicine, 
ac-ro-te'ri a. The extremities, or their distal parts. 

[< aKpurppm.] fac-ro-ter'ic. 
ac-ro-thym'i um. A wart which splits and bleeds, 
resembling the flower of thyme. [ < aKpov apex, 
top -f- diipog thyme.] 

a-crot'ic. i. Affecting the surface: said of diseases 
or of symptoms. [< mpog extreme.] 2. Affected 
with or showing acrotism. 
ac'ro-tism. Defect of the pulse; pulselessness. [ < 
a priv. -f KpoTog pulse.] 

ac‘ro-troph-o-neu-ro'sis. Trophoneurosis of the 
extremities. 

ac-ryl-al'de-hyde. = Acrolein. 
a-cryl'ic acid. A liquid, CH2:CH-COOH, with a 
pungent odor, from the oxidation of acrolein. 
Actae'a. Baneberry, a genus of ranunculaceous 
herbs. A. al'ba, white baneberry of the United 
States. Its root is cathartic. A. rac€mo'sa=! 
CiMiciFUGA RACEMOSA. A. spica'ta, var. ru'bra, 
.ed baneberr>', a plant of the United States and 
of Europe. Its root is cathartic [< d/crjy elder.] 


ACTING NARES 


17 


ACULEOLATE 


act'ing nares. Dilatation of the nostrils with each 
inspiration: a sign of dyspncea and sometimes of 
neurasthenia. 

Actin'ia. The sea anemone, f^c-tin'ian; ac-tin'i- 
form. 

ac-tin'ic. Possessing the power of exciting chem¬ 
ical action: said of rays of light. A. balance = 
BOLOMETER. A. tays, invisible rays of light hav¬ 
ing wave-lengths shorter than those of violet rays 
and producing bronzing of the skin. [ < d/cr/f a 
t^c'tin-ism, the chemical property of light- 
rays or of the sun’s rays, especially the ultraviolet 
rays of the spectrum. 

ac-tin'i um. i . A radio-active metallic substance, 
resembling thorium, which gives off, like radi¬ 
um, a, ( 5 , and y rays, Becquerel’s rays; N- 
RAYS. Found in the ore of uranium. 2. A metal 
found in zinc, which is probably titanium. 

ac'ti-no-ba-cil-lo'sis. An infectious disease of cat¬ 
tle resembling actinomycosis and due to an or¬ 
ganism similar to the bacillus of chicken cholera. 

Actinobac'ter polymor'phus. = Bacillus butyri- 
cus. 

ac*tin-o-bo'li a. i. An obsolete term for the trans¬ 
mission of the impulses of the will from the brain 
to the extremities. 2. = Hypnotism. [Gr., “dart¬ 
ing of rays.”] 

ac'ti-no-chem'is-try. Chemistry dealing with the 
action of rays of light. 

ac’ti-no-clad'o-thrix. = Actinomyces bovis. 

ac*ti-no-cu-ti'tis, ac‘ti-no-der-ma-ti'tis. == Ront- 

GEN-RAY DERMATITIS. 

ac-tin'o-gram. i. The record made with an ac- 
tin'o-graph, an instrument for measuring actinism 
by means of sensitized plates. 2. = Rontgeno- 

GRAM. 

ac'ti-noid. Raylike; radiated. 

ac-ti-nol'o-gy. i. The homological relation existing 
between the successive segments, regions, or divi¬ 
sions of a part or an organ. 2. The science treat¬ 
ing of light-rays. 

ac-tin'o-lyte. An apparatus for generating ultra¬ 
violet rays or for concentrating electric rays. 

Actinom'eris helianthoi'des. Diabetes-weed, gravel- 
weed, a composite plant of the United States: 
used in chronic cystitis and dropsy. 

ac‘tin-o-bac-il-lo'sis. A fatal, contagious disease of 
cattle of South America: due to a bacillus. 

ac*ti-no-my-ce'li al. Relating to the mycelium of a 
ray-fungus. 

ac-ti-nom'e-ter. = Skiameter. 

Actinomy'ces, pi. Actinomyce'tes. A genus of vege¬ 
table parasites; the ray-fungus. ^Cladothrix; 
Streptothrix. a. 
bo'vis, the specific 
organism which 
causes actinomy¬ 
cosis; Clad'othrix 
bo'vis; Strep'to- 
thrix bo'vis cont- 
mu'nis; Disconty'- 
ces bo'vis. It oc¬ 
curs in rosettes 
made up of club- 
shaped rays radi¬ 
ating from a my¬ 
celial mass, and is 
found on gri. ises, 
etc. [ < d/cr/f ray + imvktjq fungus.] 
cet'ic, as A. tumor. 

ac"ti-no-my-co'ma. Actinomycosis, or one of the 
tumors which appear in that disease. 

2 



Actinomyces or Ray-fungus. 


ac*ti-no-my-co'sis, ac'ti-no-my-ce-to'sis. A conta¬ 
gious disease primarily affecting cattle, sometimes 
seen in swine, horses, and dogs, and more rarely 
in man; lumpy-jaw; big head; wooden-tongue; 
streptotrichosis. It begins in lumpy tumors, 
which become abscesses and sinuses, about the 
jaws and tongue, and is due to Actinomyces 
BOVIS. t^c'ti-no-my-cot'ic. 
ac-ti-nos'eopy. = Skiagraphy. 

ActinosphacTium eichhor'ni. \^A.f. Protistenk., 
’08.] 

ac’ti-no-ther'a-py. Therapeutic application of the 
violet and ultraviolet rays, derived from concen¬ 
trated sunlight or the electric arc light; photo¬ 
therapy: employed by Finsen (1860-1904) in the 
treatment of lupus, alopecia areata, cancer, pul¬ 
monary tuberculosis, birth-marks, smallpox, etc. 

Radium; Rontgen rays. 

ac'tion. The performance of a function: thus in 
physiology there are reflex, peristaltic, inhibitory, 
capillary, and other actions; and in therapeutics 
cathartic, depressant, sedative, stimulant, etc. A. of 
arrest = inhibition. A. current, is- muscle. 

ac'ti-va-tor of Cohnheim. is- Pancreas. 
ac'tive. Acting with energy. A. chestslifting, a 
massage - movement consisting in lifting the 
shoulders up and back and pressing the chest 
in. A. congestion, is- congestion. A. delirium, 
IS- DELIRIUM. A. hemorrhage, hemorrhage due 
to increased energy of normal organic action, 
and characterized by free and copious bleeding. 
A. movements, such as are performed by the pa¬ 
tient without any assistance or resistance. A. 
paederast, ^ paederast. A. phase, the state of a 
gland in action. A. principle, that constituent of 
a drug which confers upon it its medicinal prop¬ 
erties. A. spots, centres of the cerebral cortex 
which control definite muscular actions. A. 
symptoms, symptoms of excitement. A. treat¬ 
ment, treatment which is directed immediately 
against the disease, Expective. t^c-tiv'i-ty. 
ac'tol, ak'tol. A trade name for silver lactate. 
ac'ton. Ethyl orthoformate: used in pertussis, 
ac'tual cau'te-ry. A red-hot iron, or fire, used by 
surgeons as a cautery, because it really burns 
away the part or surface to which it is applied, 
in contradistinction to caustic substances, termed 
potential or virtual cauteries, which produce a 
similar result without actual burning; Ig'nis 
actua'lis, “ actual fire.” ^Cautery. 
ac-tu-a'ri us. A title of honor conferred on Byzan¬ 
tine physicians. 

ac'tus parturitio'nis. i^Parturition. 
ac-u-clo'sure. A method for stop¬ 
ping the flow of blood by inserting 
a needle into the blood-vessel: 
now rarely used. i^Acupressure; 

ACUTORSION. 

ac-u-duc'tor. = Acutenaculum. 
ac-u-fi'lo-pres-sure. Compression (as 
of a bleeding artery) by means of 
a needle and a ligature together. 

[< L. a'cus a needle + fl'lum a 
thread + pressu'ra pressure.] 
ac-u-i'tion. A sharpening; an inten¬ 
sification, as increased efficiency of 
one therapeutic agent by the joint 
administration of another drug. Aculeolatb 
a-cu'i-ty. Acuteness or sharpness: 

used especially of the vision. [< L. acu'itas, fr. 
acu'ere to sharpen.] 

a-cu'le-o-late. In botany, having needles or prickles 



4 

V 


i JW I 










ACUMEN 


18 


ADAM’S APPLE 



Acuminate. 


a-cu'men. Pointed condition. A. na'si, a pinched 
appearance of the nose, regarded as a sign of ap¬ 
proaching death, fa-cu'mi-nate, as A. condyloma 
= VERRUCA acuminata: and A. 
leaf, one which is pointed, ac-u- 
mi-na'tion. 

a-cu'me-ter, a-cou'me-ter. =Acou- 

TOMETER. 

ac-u-pres'sion, ac-u-pres'sure. The 

insertion of a needle or needles into 
the tissues so as to compress a 
bloodsvessel and prevent the flow 
of blood: used in the control of 
hemorrhages, and sometimes in the 
treatment of aneurism. [ < L. a'cus 
a needle, pre'mere to press.] 
press. 

ac'u-punc-ture, ac-u-punc-tu-ra'tion, 
ac-u-punc-ta'tion, ac-u-punc-tu-a'- 

tion. The puncture of living tissues with a needle: 
sometimes used in the treatment of neuralgia, 
and also in the evacuation of fluids; more rarely 
in aneurism, for the promotion of coagulation of 
the blood, Electropuncture. A. needle, a 
needle for the performance of acupuncture, usu¬ 
ally of gold or silver and sometimes supplied with 
a cannula. [< L. a'cus a needle -f pun'gere to 
prick.] fac-u-punc'tu-ral. ac-u-punc-tu-ra'tor. 
a'cus. A needle. A. cannula'ta, a tubular or can- 
nulated needle. A. capita'ta, a pin. A. catarac- 
ta'ria, a cataract=needle. A. elec'trica, an electric 
needle. A. exploratio'nis, an exploratory needle. 
A. interpuncto'ria, a cataract^needle; a couching® 
needle. A. ophthal'mica, a cataract ^needle. A. 
os'sea, the styloid process of the temporal bone. 
A. trique'tra, a trocar. [ L., fr. OKig a point.] 
a-cu'sia. = Audition. 

ac-u-sim'e-ter. = Acousimeter; acoutometer. 
a-cu’sti-co-mal'le us. = Acousticomalleus. 
a-cu'sti-cus. The acoustic or auditory nerve. [ L.] 
a-cute'. Sharp®pointed; ending in a point or an 
angle less than a right angle. In medicine, the 
term is applied to diseases having violent symp¬ 
toms attended with danger and terminating 
within a few days; when applied to pain, it means 
violent or intense, Chronic; subacute. A. ab¬ 
scess, i^HOT ABSCESS. A. albuHiinuria, acute 
nephritis, a. anterior poliomyelitis, ^ poliomye¬ 
litis. A. articular rheumatism, rheumatism. 
A. ascending paralysis = Landry’s disease. A. 
atrophic paralysis, acute anterior poliomyelitis. 
A. catarrhal pharyngitis, pharyngitis. A. cir¬ 
cumscribed oedema = urticaria cedematosa. a. 
decubitus, decubitus. A. dementia, dg- de¬ 
menti a. A. desquamative parenchymatous, diffuse, 
or tubal nephritis, acute nephritis. A. miliary 
tuberculosis, ra- tuberculosis. A. nephritis, la- 
NEPHRiTis. A. oedema, a sudden attack of oedema 
resembling acute inflammation: oedema calidum 
due to a serous effusion. A. osteitis, osteomye¬ 
litis usually of septic origin. A. renal dropsy, acute 
nephritis, a. rheumatism = rheumatic fever. 

[ < L. acu'tus, fr. acu'ere to sharpen!] t^-cute'ness. 
ac*u-te-nac'u-lum. A handle for a needle; acuduc- 
tor: called in French porter aiguille. [< L. a'cus 
a needle + tenac'ulum a handle.] 
ac*u-ti-cos'tal horns. Projecting ribs, 
acutis'simus. Very acute ; malignant. [L.] 
ac-u-tor'sion. Acupressure in which the bleeding 
vessel is twisted by means of a needle, the latter 
then being fixed by inserting it into the tissues. 
[< L. a'cus a needle + tor'sio a twisting.] 


a-cu-to-spi'nous. Having rows of sharp spines on 
the body, as in caterpillars. [< L. acu'tus 
pointed + spi'na spine.] 
acu'tus. I. Acute. 2. Sterile. [L.] 
a-cya-no-blep'si a, a-cya-no-blep'sy. A defect of 
vision with blindness to blue color and its com¬ 
plementary yellow; acyanopsia. Achroma¬ 
topsia; ERYTHROCHLOROPiA. [<a priv. -f Kva~ 
vog blue color -I- j 3 ?i€Treiv to see.] fa-cya-no- 
blep'tic. 

a-cy-a-nop'si a. = Acyanoblepsia. 
a-cyc'li a. Failure of the circulation. [< a neg. -|- 
kvkTiovv to revolve.] 

a-cyc'lic. Not following in due sequence: said of 
symptoms, etc. [< a priv. -f KVKAog circle.] 
a-cy-e'sis. Sterility in women. [< a priv. + kvij- 
<ytg pregnancy.] 

a‘cy-e-te'ri a. Drugs for causing abortion, 
a-cys'ti a. Congenital absence of the bladder. [ < 
a priv. -f KVUTLQ bladder.] 

a-cys-to-ner'vi a, a-cys-ti-ner'vi a, a-cys-ti-neu'ri a. 

Vesical paralysis. [< a priv. -I- Kvoriq bladder-b 
VEvpov nerve.] 

a-cys'to-spo-rid'i um, pi. -rid'ia. A gregarineslike 
SporOZOOn. t^H^EMOSPORIDIUM. 
a-cyto-tox'in. A toxin so combined as to assume 
a crystalline form. 

ad. A Latin preposition signifying “to,” “at,” 
“by,” “toward,” “near,” “with,” etc.: fre¬ 
quently used in prescriptions, signifying “ up to,” 
as ad un'cias sex, up to six ounces. In com¬ 
pound words d is usually changed to correspond 
with the following letter: thus, ad becomes ac be¬ 
fore c, al before I, ap before p. ad def. an'imi, ad 
def. an., abbreviations for L. ad dejecHo'nem an'¬ 
imi, to fainting, ad deliq., abbreviation for L. ad 
deliq'uium, till faintness or fainting is produced: 
a direction as to bleeding, ad ij vie., abbre¬ 
viation for L. ad du'as vi'ces, at two times, at 
tw'ice taking (at two times for two doses), ad 
grat. acid., abbreviation for L. ad gra'tam acidiia'- 
tem, to an agreeable sourness. 

Ad., Add. Abbr. for L. ad'de, adda'iur, etc., add, let 
there be added; adden'dus, adden'do, let there be 
added, to be added, by adding. This abbrevia¬ 
tion must not be confounded with ad, up to. 
a'da. I. The root of a poisonous numidian plant. 

2. A variety of ginger from the East Indies. 
Adhib. Abbr. for L. adhiben'dus, to be adminis¬ 
tered. 

a-dac'ry a. A deficiency of the lachrymal secretion. 

[< a priv. -f ^aKpvov a tear.] 
a-dac'tyl. A hand or foot without digits. [ < a priv. 
+ 6dKTv?i0^ finger.] fa-dac-tyl'i a, a-dac'tyl-ism, 
absence of fingers or toes, or of both, a-dac'ty- 
lous, lacking fingers, 
ad-ae-mo'ni a. =Ademonia. 

ad'a-mant. Enamel of the teeth. [< L.] fada- 
manti'na den'tium, the enamel of the teeth, ad- 
a-man'tine, pertaining to the tooth®enamel, as A. 
cement, a preparation for filling teeth, consisting 
of pulverized silex or pumice®stone mixed with an 
amalgam of silver and mercury: A. layer, the 
enamel layer of the teeth: and A . substance, the 
enamel of the teeth, ad-a-man'to-blast = amel- 
OBLAST. ad-a-man-to'ma. 

Adamkiewicz’s reaction (a-dam-ci'vttsh-ti:). Vio¬ 
let coloration and slight fluorescence caused by 
the addition of concentrated sulphuric acid to so¬ 
lutions of albuminoids in glacial acetic acid. A.’s 
serum = cancroin. 

Ad'am’s apple. = Pomum adami. 





















ADAMS’S OPERATION 


19 


ADENASE 


Ad'ams’s operation, i. Subcutaneous division of 
the neck of the femur in ankylosis of the hip* 
joint. 2. Subcutaneous division of the palmar 
fascia at many points for Dupuytren’s contrac¬ 



tion. 3. = Alexander’s OPERATION. A.’s saw, 
a small straight saw used in osteotomy. 
AdamssStokes’s disease or syndrome. A symptom 
complex marked by a permanently decreased 
pulse*rate, seizures of heart and brain weakness, 
and epileptiform attacks, Heartsblock. 
Adanso’nia. A genus of sterculiaceous trees. A. 
digita'ta is the baobab, or monkeysbreadsfruit of 
Africa, a tree with an enormously stout bole. 
The pulp of the fruit is antipyretic and from its 
leaves and bark is obtained a-dan'so-nine, a 
febrifugal alkaloid. A. grego'ri, the Australian 
goutysstem tree, has a cooling acid fruit, 
ad-ap-ta'tion. i. The adjustment of the pupil to 
any variation of light. 2. The accommodation 
of the organism to its surroundings, as in accli¬ 
matization. A. of the retina, the action by 
which the retina becomes more sensitive, and 
the sight consequently more acute, after a short 
stay in the dark. [ < L. adapta'tio.\ 
a-dap'ter. i. A tube used for increasing the length 
of the neck of a retort, or for connecting the re¬ 
tort with the receiver, where the orifice of the lat¬ 
ter is not large enough to admit the beak of the 
retort. 2. A metal collar provided with suitable 
. screwsthreads used to connect parts of optical or 
other apparatus having different threads, 
a-dar'ce. A salty concretion from plants found in 
certain saline marshes in Asia Minor: formerly used 
as a detergent and in skin diseases. [ < adapuT].^ 
ad-ar-tic-u-la'tion. = Arthrodia. 
ad-ax-o'ma. {Severe burning pain, 
ad-cliv'i-ty of the tibia. The spine of the tibia. 

Add. =Ad., abbr. for L. ad'de, add. 
ad'de. Add: used in prescription writing. [L., im¬ 
perative singular of ad'dere to add.] 
ad-de-pha'gi a, ad-e-pha'gi a. Voracious appetite, 
or bulimia: especially in children with worms. 

[ < addrjv or adrjv abundantly -f (payeiv to eat.] 
ad'der’s tongue. = Erythronium americanum. 
ad-dic'tion. The condition of being given up to 
some habit, as morphine, cocaine, etc. [ < L.] 
ad'di-ment. = Complement. 

Ad'di-son’s anaemia. = Idiopathic anemia. A.’s 
disease, a disease marked by a peculiar bronze* 
like pigmentation of the skin, early and severe 
prostration, and progressive anaemia, usually end¬ 
ing fatally; bronzed skin; melasma suprarenale; 
morbus addisoni: often due to tuberculous dis¬ 
ease of the suprarenal capsules, with changes in 
the sympathetic system; A.’s keloid, morphoea; 
circumscribed scleroderma. Keloid. A.’s 
pill, a depletant pill of calonlel, digitalis, and 
squills. [< Thomas Addison, English physician, 
1793-1860.] fadMi-so-nism. [TfL.j.’09.] 
additamenffum. i. An appendix.. A. co'li = ap¬ 
pendix vermiformis. 2. A suture sometimes 
found added to the lambdoid and squamous 
sutures. 


ad-di'tion (ad'di-tive) compound. A compound 
formed by the direct chemical union of two or 
more elements, as chloretone. m- Substitution 
COMPOUND. 

ad'dle. An old English term for abscess. [<A.S.] 
addu'cens. Drawing toward. A. hu'meri = pec- 
TORALIS MAJOR. A. OC'uli = RECTUS OCULI INTER 
Nus. [< L. acf to -I- du'cere to draw.] fad-du'- 
cent, drawing together, ad-duct', to draw towarc’ 
the median line, ad-duc'tion. ad-duc'tive. 
adduc'tor. Any muscle that draws one part of the 
body toward another. i^Antithenar. A. bre'- 
vis, one of the adductor muscles of the thigh. It 
arises from the body and the descending ramus 
of the pubis, and, running obliquely outward, is 
inserted into the upper part of the linea aspera. 
A. canal of Hunter = Hunter’s canal. A. gra'- 
cilis = gracilis, def. i. A. hallu'cis, “adductor of 
the thumb.’' It arises from the tarsal ends of 
the second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones, 
and is inserted into the outer side of the base of 
the first phalanx of the great toe. A. lon'gus, one 
of the adductors of the thigh. It arises by a 
round tendon from the body near the angle of the 
pubis, and is inserted into the middle of the linea 
aspera. It is an adductor and flexor of the hip* 
joint. A. mag'nus, the largest of the adductors 
of the thigh. It arises from the pubic arch, be¬ 
ing attached to the pubo=ischial rami and to the 
ischial tuberosity, and is inserted into the entire 
linea aspera and the adductor tubercle. A. min'- 
imi dig'iti, “ adductor of the little finger.” A 
muscle of the inner side of the hand, arising from 
the annular ligament and the process of the un¬ 
ciform bone, and inserted into the anterior sur¬ 
face of the fifth metacarpal bone. A. min'imus, 
the anterior superior portion of the A. magnus, 
regarded by some as a distinct muscle. A. pol'- 
licis ma'nus, a muscle of the hand, arising from 
the whole length of the metacarpal bone of the 
middle finger, and inserted into the inner part of 
the base of the first bone of the thumb. A. pol'- 
licis pe'dis = A. hallucis. A. tri'ceps fem'oris, 
a name for the three adductors of the thigh 
taken together. A. tubercle, a small tubercle at 
the top of the inner condyle of the femur, giving 
attachment to the lower part of the A. magnus. 
a-de-lan-ta-dil'lo. A red wine from Spain, 
ad’e-lo-mor'phous. Of indefinite form. A. cells, in¬ 
conspicuous columnar cells lining the glands of 
the stomach; central cells; chief cells; principal 
cells. [ < a(h]7i,0(; obscure -f- pop(j)?/ form.] 
ad'e-lo-sto'ma-tous. With concealed mouths, 
ad-e'los, ad-e'lus. Insensible; ill*defined. 
a-del'phi a, a-del'phism. i. A double monstrosity, 
the lower parts being distinct. 2. The resem^ 
blance between certain diseases. [< ade?i<p6^ 
brother.] fa-del'phous. 

a-del'pho-tax-y. A phenomenon seen in certain 
motile cells, the cells assuming definite positions 
ad-e-mo'ni a, ad-e-mos'y-ne. Anxiety; distress 
depression of spirits; agitation; worriment. 

[ < ddTjfjnvelv to be in distress.] 
a'den. A gland; a bubo. [< ddpv a gland.] 

A'den fever. = Dengue. A. ulcer, an ulceration of 
the leg occurring in tropical countries, generally 
the result of beriberi. [Aden, a town in Arabia.] 
ad-e-nal'gi a, ad-e-nal'gy. Pain in a gland. [<adi}v 
gland-f dTiyoq pain ] tad-e-nal'gic. 
ad'e-nase. A supposed deamidizing enzyme of the 
liver, pancreas, thymus, etc., which converts 
adenine into hypoxanthine. 








ADENASTHENIA 


20 


ADENO- 


ad-en-as-the'ni a. Deficient activity of the glands, 
usually functional, and therefore without de¬ 
monstrable lesion. A. gas'trica, deficient gastric 
secretion, is-H ypochlorhydria. 
a-den'dric. Having no dendrons. 
a-den-drit'ic. Without dentrites. 
ad-e-nec'to-my. Surgical excision of a gland. [< 
adrjv gland + tuToiirj excision.] 
ad-e-nec-to'pi a. The displacement of a gland, fad- 
e-nec-top'ic. 

ad-e-nem-phrax'is. Glandular obstruction, 
nem-phrac'tic. 

a-de'ni a. = Hodgkin’s disease. [< Fr. adenie.] 
a-den'ic, a-den'i-form. Formed like a gland; glan¬ 
diform. ^Adenoid. 

ad'e-nine. A non=poisonous crystalline purin body, 
C5H5N5, found in healthy tissues, as the pancreas 
and spleen but more abundant in the liver and 
urine of leucocythaemic patients: closely related 
to nuclein and guanine, 
ad-e-ni'tis. Inflammation of a gland ; bubo, 
ad-e-ni-za'tion. Adenoid degeneration; the as-* 
sumption of a glanddike character or appearance 
in a part. 

ad'e-no-. Pertaining to a gland: a combining form. 
[< a 6 r]v gland.] ad'e-no-blast. i. A functional 
glandscell, whether secretory or excretory. 2. An 
embryonal cell from 
which glandular tis¬ 
sue is developed.— 
ad*e-no-car-ci-no'- 
ma, a malignant 
growth in which the 
structure of adenoma 
is mingle?! with that 
of carcinoma, t^^d*- 
e-no-car-ci-no'ma- 
tous. — ad'e-no-cele. 

1. =Adenoma, def. i. 

2. A cystic glands 
tumor; a proliferat¬ 
ing cyst, or a group 
of such cysts.— ad'e- 
no-cel-lu-li'tis, in¬ 
flammation of a gland 
and the adjacent tis¬ 
sue. — ad*e-no-chi- 
rap-sol'o-gy, the doct¬ 
rine of the pretended 
cure of scrofula by 
the royal touch.— 
ad'e-no-chon-dro'- 
ma, adenoma blended 
with chondroma.— 
ad'e-no-chrome, a proprietary remedy said to 
contain the coloring matter of the adrenals, 
which is rich in sulphur: used in gout. Dose, 
o.i Gm. (i^ grs.) by injection, or 0.025 Gm. (4 
grs.) by the mouth. — ad'e-no-cyst, a glandular 
cyst of embryonic origin. — ad'e-no-cys-to'ma, an 
adenoma containing cysts. — ad'e-no-di-as'ta-sis, 
abnormal separation of the lobes of a gland from 
each other; division of a gland. — ad*e-no-dyn'i a, 
pain in a gland ; adenalgia.— ad*e-no-fi-bro'ma, 
an adenoma with fibromatous elements, 
no-fi-bro'ma-tous.— ad-e-no-gen'e-sis, the ori¬ 
gin and growth of a gland. — ad-e-nog'ra-phy, 
a treatise or dissertation on the glandular sys¬ 
tem. — ad’e-no-hy-per-sthe'ni a, glandular hyper¬ 
activity, as A. gas'trica, hypersecretion in the 
stomach. — ad'e-noid. i. Resembling a gland. 
2, An ADENOMA. 3. In the plural, adenoids espe¬ 


cially refers to hypertrophy of the adenoid 
tissue in the nasopharynx, giving rise to soft 
growths which by interference with respiration 
and by a possible internal secretion cause men¬ 
tal deterioration to such an extent that their 
removal in a child is often followed by increased 
standing at school, Mouth=breathing. A. 
body, the prostate gland. A. cancer, a very ma¬ 
lignant form of cancer, composed chiefly of cy¬ 
lindrical tubules lined with epithelium; tubular 
cancer. A. cell, a colorless blood=corpuscle, or 
leucocyte. A. disease = Hodgkin’s disease. A. 
growth, I. = A. VEGETATION. 2.= A. TUMOR. A. 
muscle, a portion of the inferior constrictor of the 
pharynx, sometimes found on each side of the 
thyroid gland. A. tissue, lymphoid tissue con¬ 
sisting of a delicate connective^tissue reticu¬ 
lum supporting and enclosing great numbers of 
small round cells ; the tissue of which the lym¬ 
phatic glands are composed. A. tumor, ^ade¬ 
noma. A. vegetation, a soft growth due to hy¬ 
pertrophy of tissue, especially of the adenoid tis¬ 
sue of the nasopharynx. is^Adenoid, def. 3.— 
ad-e-noi-dec'to-my, excision of adenoids.— ad-e- 
noi-di'tis, inflammation of an adenoid.— ad'e- 
no-li-po'ma, an adenoma combined with fatty 
tissue.— ad'e-no-li-po-ma-to'sis, a lymphatic dis¬ 
ease unattended with pain, in which fatty masses 
are found in the neck, axillae, and groins; mul¬ 
tiple lipomas; symmetrical lipomas of nervous 
origin. J. A.M.A.j. ’07.]— ad’e-no-log-a-di'tis. 

I. Ophthalmia neonatorum. 2. Adenophthalmia. 
— ad-e-nol'o-gy, the science which treats of glands 
or of the glandular system.— ad'e-no-lym-phi'tis 
= lymphadenitis. — ad‘e-no-lym'pho-cele, ad'e- 
no-lym-phat'o-cele. i. Ganglionoid lymphangi¬ 
ectasia. 2. Lymphangeioma involving one or more 
glands.— ad'e-no-lym-pho'ma, adenoma combined 
with lymphoma. — ad-e-no'ma, pi. adeno'matq. 
I. The swelling or morbid enlargement of a gland : 
a glandular tumor. 2. A tumor having a gland* 
like structure, as in islands of Langerhans. 
Adenocele. a. alveola're, an adenoma develop¬ 
ing according to the type of an alveolar gland. 
A. des'truens, a malignant adenoma in the intes¬ 
tinal tract. Malignant a,, adenoid cancer. A. 
diffu'sum, hyperpla.sia of the mucous membrane 
and glands. A. seba'ceum, a neoplastic growth 
on the face, consisting of a mass of sebaceous 
glands forming a reddish or colorless swelling. 
A. sim'plex = Adenoma, def. i. A. tubula're, 
an adenoma developing according to the type 
of a tubular gland. A. umbilica'le, a tumor at 
the umbilicus caused by the coalescence of a 
Meckel’s diverticulum and the umbilical ring, 
fad-e-no'ma-tous. — ad'e-no-ma-la'ci a, abnormal 
softness of a gland. — ad'e-no-me-nin'ge us, mu¬ 
cous or pituitous fever {fe'bris adenomenin'gea): 
so called because the membranes and follicular 
glands of the intestines weie held to be the chief 
seat of the complaint. t^d*e-no-me-nin'ge al.— 
ad'e-no-mes-en-te-ri'tis, inflammation of the 
glands of the intestines.— ad'e-no-my-o'ma, an 
adenoma with myomatous elements.— ad*e-no- 
myx-o'ma, an adenoma that has been invaded 
by a myxoma.— ad*e-no-myx*o-sar-co'ma, a myx¬ 
osarcoma attacking a gland or combined with an 
adenoma: seen at the cervix uteri.— ad’e-non- 
co'sis, swelling of a gland.— ad-e-non'cus, a swollen 
gland or glandular tumor.— ad‘e-no-ner'vous, 
ad'e-no-neu-rot'ic, affecting nerves and glands, 
as A. fever—FhAGVE .— ad-e-nop'a-thy, disease 



Adenocarcinoma of* the 
Breast. — a.Typical cancer 
nests, b. Cancer cells which 
have broken out and are 
invading the surrounding 
stroma, c. An adenoma¬ 
tous swelling of an acinus. 
(Hamilton.) 





ADENYL 


21 


ADIPOSE 


of glands, especially of the lymphatic glands.— 
ad'e-no-pha-ryn-gi'tis, inflammation of the ton¬ 
sils and pharynx, tad’e-no-pha-ryn'ge al, as A. 
muscle = ADENOID MUSCLE. — ad‘e-no-phleg'mon, 
phlegmonous adenitis.— ad'e-noph-thal'mi a, ad'- 
en-oph-thal-mi'tis, inflammation of the meibo¬ 
mian glands.— ad‘e-no-phy'ma, the swelling of 
a gland.— ad'e-no-sar-co'ma. i. Sarcoma de¬ 
veloped in a gland. 2. An adenoma containing 
sarcomatous elements.— ad‘e-no-sar‘cor-rhab’do- 
my-o'ma, a morbid growth combining in its 
structure the elements of adenoma, sarcoma, and 
rhabdomyoma.— ad‘e-no-scir'rhus, scirrhus of a 
gland.—■ ad'e-no-scle-ro'sis, a hard, indolent swell¬ 
ing of a gland, not of a cancerous nature.— 
ad'e-nose, having many glands; glandulous.— ad- 
e-no'sis, chronic glandular disease, especially 
scrofulous diseases of a gland, or of the glands: 
used sometimes as a general name for gland dis¬ 
eases.— ad’e-no-syn-chi-to-ni'tis, inflammation 
of the meibomian glands and the lining mem¬ 
branes of their ducts.— ad'e-no-tome, an instru¬ 
ment for cutting a gland.— ad-e-not'o-my, dis¬ 
section of the glands.— ad’e-no-ty'phoid fever. 
I. Typhoid fever. 2. Malta fever.— ad'e-no-ty'- 
phus, typhoid fever, 
ad'e-nyl. Kossel’s name for purin. 
ai-e-pha'gi a. = Addephagia. fa-deph'a-gous. 
ai'eps*. I. A Latin term signifying “ fat,” ‘‘ animal 
oil,” “lard.” tsr Lardaceous. 2. The U. S. P. 
name for lard, the prepared internal fat of the ab¬ 
domen of the hog, Sus scro'fa, puiified by washing 
with water, melting, and straining. Lard is emol¬ 
lient, and contains 60% triolein (lard oil); the 
remainder is stearin and palmitin. It is sometimes 
employed by itself as a liniment, but its chief use 
in pharmacy is as an ingredient of ointments, 
cerates, etc. Fat. A. anguil'lffi = eel oil. 
A. anseri'nus, goose=grease. A. benzoina'tus*, 
benzoinated lard: made from lard and benzoin 
(2%). A. ga'di = oleum morrhu.,®*. A. in- 
dura'tus, lard prepared for use in the tropics by 
removal of its liquid constituents by pressure. 
A. la'nae*, wooLfat; lanolin: purified fat of the 
wool of sheep, O'vis a'ries, freed from water. A. 
la'nae hydro'sus*, adeps lan^ mixed with not 
more than 30% of water. It is soothing to the 
skin, and is an excellent basis for ointments 
intended to act on the skin. A. oviFlus, fat of 
the sheep; mutton suet. A. prsepara'tus, pre¬ 
pared lard. A. suil'lus, hog’s lard; lardum. [ L.] 
ad'e-qua-cy. The quality of being sufficient for the 
normal performance of a function, as A. of the 
cardiac valves. t^d'e-quate, as A. stimulus, a 
stimulus acting upon the terminal apparatus of a 
special sense organ, to respond to which the organ 
is especially adapted; homologous stimulus, 
a-der'mi a. Congenital absence or extended defect 
of the skin of any part of the body, 
a-der-mo-ner'vi a, a-der-mo-neu'ri a. Lack of nerve* 
supply to the skin. 

a-der-mo-tro'phi a. Atrophy or defective nutrition 
of the skin. 

a-des-mo'sis. A congenital defect or atrophy of 
the connective tissue, 
ad-flux'ion. = Afflux. 
ad gus'tum. To the taste or liking. [L.] 
Adhato'da. A genus of plants, as A. vas'ica: used 
in asthma, like stramonium, 
ad-he'sion, ad-he'rence. i. The quality of being 
adherent, especially of being abnormally adhe¬ 
rent. 2. A band, fibre, or piece of adventitious 


tissue V V which parts or surfaces adhere to each 
other. 3. Reunion by adhesive inflammation: 
called primary, when it is healing by first inten¬ 
tion, and secondary, when it is healing by second 
intention. 4. In dentistry, the force by which 
full upper dentures are retained without vacuum 
chambers. [< L. adhcere're to stick to.] f^d- 
he'rent, as A. cataract, a cataract with adhesion 
of the iris to the capsule of the lens: and A. peri¬ 
cardium, PERICARDITIS. 

ad-he'sive. Having the property of adhesion; 
formerly used, in dentistry, to denote the cohesive 
quality of annealed goldfoil. Glutinous ; vis¬ 
cous. A. inflammation, the proce.ss by which the 
sides of incised wounds, being brought into exact 
contact, unite without suppuration, constituting 
primary union, sometimes called union by the first 
intention. A. pericarditis, pericarditis. A. 
peritonitis, PERITONITIS. A. phlebitis = phle¬ 
bitis, plastic, a. plaster = emplastrum adh.®- 
sivuM*. A. pylephlebitis = pylephlebitis adh.®- 
sivA. fad-he'sive-ness. 
ad-hi-bi'tion. Exhibition, as of a remedy, 
a-di-ae-mor'rhy-sis, a-di-e-mor'rhy-sis. Failure of 
circulation through the blood* vessels, 
ad-i-ad-o-ko-ki-ne'sis. The inability rapidly to 
perform antagonistic movements, as pronation 
and supination, Diadokokinesis. [a priv.-h 
616. succeeding -f motion.] 

Adian'tum. A genus of ferns called maidenhair, 
from which the syrup capillaire is prepared, 
ad-i-aph-o-re'sis. Deficient cutaneous perspiration, 
ad-i-a-pho'ri a. i. Neutrality, as of a chemical 
substance. 2. Morbid indifference. [< a priv. 
-|- 6ia(pipeiv to differ.] fa-di-aph'o-rous, indif¬ 
ferent: formerly applied to medicines which did 
neither good nor harm ; also to neutral salts, 
ad-i-ap-neus'ti a. The absence, obstruction, or 
diminution of perspiration; anhidrosis. [< a 
priv. + dtairvelv to breathe through.] 
a-di-a-the'sic, a-di-a-thet'ic. Not diathetic, 
a-dic'i-ty. Chemical valence, 
a-di-e-mor'rhy-sis. = Adi® morrhysis. 
a-dip'ic acid. A crystalline acid, CgHj^O^, produced 
in the oxidation of fatty acids by means of nitric 
acid, t^^d'i-pate, any salt of adipic acid, 
ad'i-po-cele. A hernia in which the pouch contains 
only fatty tissue. [ < Adeps -f- tumor.] 
ad'i-po-cere, ad'i-po-cire. A peculiar substance like 
fat or spermaceti, sometimes formed by the spon¬ 
taneous conversion of the flesh of man or other 
animals when placed for a considerable period in 
moist situations or under water; grave*wax. It 
is a combination of the fatty acids with alkaline 
earths and ammonia. [< L. adipoce'ra, fr. 
ad'eps fat + ce'ra wax.] fadd-po-ce-ra'tion. ad'i- 
po-cer'i-form, as A . tumor = cholesteatoma. 
ad*i-po-fi-bro'ma, pi. -mata. A tumor partly fatty 
and partly fibrous, 
ad-i-pog'e-nous. Producing fat. 
ad-i-pol'y-sis. The hydrolytic cleavage of fats in 
the process of digestion. [< L. ad'eps fat-f Apaif 
a loosening.] fad-i-po-lyt'ic. 
ad-i-po'ma, pi. -mata. = Lipoma. 
adipo'sa doloro'sa. = Adiposis dolorosa. 
ad-i-po-sal'gia. = Adiposis dolorosa. 
ad'i-pose. Of the nature of fat; fatty. A. arteries, 
the branches of the diaphragmatic, capsular, and 
renal arteries, because they supply the fat around 
the kidneys. A. capsule, the capsule of fat sur¬ 
rounding and supporting the kidney; capsula adi- 
posa*. A. degeneration, fatty degeneration. A. 


ADIPOSIS 


22 


ADSORPTION 


fossae, fatscontaining spaces in the substance of 
the female mamma just beneath the skin. A. in¬ 
filtration, infiltration of fat in the form of both 
fatcglobules and molecular fat. ts- Infiltration. 
A. ligament, a fold of synovial membrane in the 
kneesjoint, containing fat and extending from the 
patella to the intercondyloid notch of the femur; 
ligamentum mucosum; plica synovialis patellarts*. 
A. membrane, connectivestissue membrane with 
fat collected in its cells. A. sac = sacculus 
ADiPosus. A. sarcoma, one containing fatty ele¬ 
ments. A. system, the fatty tissues of the body 
taken as a whole. A. tissue, fatty tissue. A. tu¬ 
mor, a lipoma. A. veins, branches of the renal 
veins arising in the fat around the kidneys. A. 
vesicle = FATsCELL. [< L. adipo'sus, fr. ad'eps 
fat.] t^-d-i-pos'i-ty, fatness, 
ad-i-po'sis. The growth of fatness or obesity. A. 
cerebra'lis, an extreme fat deposit from a brain 
tumor. A. doloro'sa, a disease most common in 
women at or near the menopause, characterized 
by an irregularly diffused or localized deposition 
of fat on the trunk, neck, and limbs, associated 
with pain radiating along the course of the nerve, 
and tenderness with tendency to form adhesions 
in the skin and deeper structures; Dercum’s dis¬ 
ease; adiposa (adipositas) dolorosa; adiposalgia. 
A. hepat'ica, fatty degeneration of the liver. A. 
nimia, abnormal deposit of fat. 
ad’i-po-su'ri a. The presence of fat in the urine, 
a-dip'si a. Absence of thirst: seen in some serious 
affections. [ < a priv. -f- Sc'ipa thirst.] t^“dip'- 
sous, allaying thirst. 

ad'i-tus*. An approach; an entrance. A. ad an'- 
trum, the recess of the tympanic cavity which 
lodges the head of the malleus and the greater 
part of the incus; recessus epitympanicus*. A. ad 
cel'lulas=ANTRUM MASToiDEUM. A. ad infundib'- 
ulum. I. The vulva. 2. A passage in the brain, 
extending from the third ventricle to the infundib¬ 
ulum cerebri. A. glot'tidis infe'rior* and supe'rior*, 
the inferior and superior openings of the glottis. 
A. laryn'gis*, the aperture of the larynx. [L.] 
ad'ju-ment. An accessory or adjuvant remedy or 
appliance. [< L. adjumen'tum an aid.] 
ad-jus'ter. An instrument formerly used in the 
forcible reduction of dislocations. 
ad-just'ing=cone. An apparatus for measuring the 
distance between the axes of the eyes when they 
are parallel: the cones are moved until the two 
fields of vision coincide. 

ad-just^ment. The mechanism which raises or low¬ 
ers the tube of a microscope: termed coarse, 
when for a considerable distance, and fine, when 
with the aid of the micrometer screw, 
ad'ju-vant or ad-ju'vant. i. Assisting other reme¬ 
dies. 2. An auxiliary remedy. A. elixir = 
ELIXIR ADJUVANS*. [ < L. adjuva're to 
ad lib. Abbr. for L. ad lib'iium, at pleasure or as is 
desired. 

ad-max'il-la-ry gland. An accessory salivary gland, 
ad-min'i-cle. An adjuvant remedy, 
ad-mi-nic'u-lum. An expansion of fibres on the 
median line of the body at the lower inner sur¬ 
face of the abdominal wall; adminiculum lineae 
albae*. [L., “ an aid.”] 

ad-mix'ture. A mixing or blending of one sub¬ 
stance with another. [< L. ad to or with + 
mis'cere to mix.] ' 

ad-mor'tal. Passing from a living to a dying por¬ 
tion of muscle: said of muscular electric cur¬ 
rents. [< L. ad toward -f- morta'lis mortal.] 


admov. Abbr. for L. admo've, apply, or for ad- 
movea'tur, let there be applied, 
ad-nas'cence. The adhesion of surfaces together, 
ad-na'ta. Tunica adnata. 
ad nau'seam. Until nausea is produced. [L.] 
ad-ne'phrin. A i to 1000 solution of the active 
principle of the suprarenal bodies, 
ad-ner'val. Passing toward a nerve: said of elec¬ 
tric currents. [ < L. ad to -f- ner'vus nerve.] 
ad-neu'ral. Situated at the nerve: said of a local 
neurosis with the lesion at the point where the 
symptoms appear. [< L. ad at -f vevpov nerve.] 
ad-nex'a. Appendages. A. bul'bi (oc'uli), the appen¬ 
dages of the eyeball, as the lachrymal gland, the 
lids, etc. A. u'teri, the uterine appendages. [L.] 
ad-nex-i'tis. Inflammation of the adnexa uteri, 
ad-nex'o-pex-y. Surgical fixation of the uterine 
appendages to the abdominal wall, 
ad-oc-cip'i-tal fissure. An occasional fissure run¬ 
ning across the caudal part of the praecuneus and 
meeting the occipital fissure; entolambdoid fissure, 
ad-o-les'cence. Youth; the period between puberty 
and full development. [ < L. adolescen'tia, fr. ado- 
le s'cere to grow up.] 

Ado'nis. A genus of ranunculaceous plants, which 
are acrid and poisonous. A. amuren'sis of Japan 
furnishes a-do'nin, CaoH^gOg, a glucoside. A. ver- 
na'lis of Northern Europe and Asia supplies a- 
don'i-din, C24H4g09, a bitter, poisonous glucoside 
used like digitalin. Dose, 0.02 Gm. gr.). 
ad-o'ral. Situated near or at the mouth; not aboral. 
ad pon'dus om'nium. To the weight of the whole, 
ad-ra-gan'te. = Tragacantha*. fad-ra-gan'tin 
= tragacanthin. 

a-dral'gin. A local anaesthetic containing thymol, 
cocaine, and adrenalin. 

ad-re^nal. i. Situated near the kidney. 2. ==Su- 
PRARENAL BODY. [ < L. ad at + reu kidney.] 
ad-re-na-lec'to-my. Excision of suprarenal body, 
ad-ren'a-lin. The trade name for the active prin¬ 
ciple of the suprarenal body, CgHjgNOg, prepared 
by the method of its discoverer, Takamine. Other 
trade names for this preparation, either pure, com¬ 
bined, or in solution, are adrin; adrovaine ; hemis- 
ine; renaglandin; adnephrin; renostyptin; supra- 
renalin. Epinephrin ; paranephrin; supra¬ 
renal alkaloid; suprarenin. Applied exter¬ 
nally in the form of the chloride or hydrochloride 
in a I to 10,000 to a I to 1000 solution it acts as 
an astringent and haemostatic. Internally it is 
used a.s a cardiac tonic and haemostatic, but its 
prolonged use may lead to arteriosclerosis and 
even aneurism. Dose, 0.001 Gm. gr.), As 
a spray it has been used in hay fever, Gland¬ 
ule SUPRARENALES SICCE*. 
ad-re-na-li'tis. Inflammation of the adrenal, 
ad-re-nox'i-dase. Sajous’s term for the oxygenized 
adrenal secretion. 

ad-re-nox'in. Sajous’s term for the compound which 
the adrenal secretion becomes after being exposed 
to the alveolar oxygen, and which endows the 
blood with its oxydizing properties, 
ad'rin. A proprietary preparation of the active 
principle of the suprarenal body; epinephrin hy¬ 
drate: used as a haemostatic and astringent, 
ad'ru-e. =Cyperus articulatus. 
ad-sorp'tion. The physical or physico-chemical 
property possessed to a certain extent by all solid 
bodies, but especially by certain finely divided 
substances, as platinum black, of condensing 
certain constituents of a liquid or gaseous mixt¬ 
ure on their free surfaces. 


ADSPECTION 


23 


AERIPERITONITIS 


ad-spec'tion. Inspection; examination. 

Adst. feb. Abbr. for L. adstan'te feb're, fever being 
present. 

ad-ster'nal. Near the sternum, 
ad-strict'ive. = Astringent. 

ad-ter'mi-nal. Passing toward the end or ends: 

said of electric currents in muscular fibre, 
a-dult'. Arrived at maturity; grown up. 
a-dul-te-ra'tion. The debasing of an article or sub¬ 
stance by adding an ingredient of inferior value, 
ta-dul'te-rant, the substance so added, 
ad'u-rol. A photographic developer, 
a-dus'tion. i . Cauterization ; the application of the 
actual cautery to any part of the body. 2. A dry, 
fevered, and heated state. [ < L. ad near + u'rere 
to burn.] fad-ust'. 

ad-vance'ment. The operation by which an ocular 
muscle which is opposed by an overacting one is 
detached from its insertion and then reattached 
at a point more advanced than that of the nor¬ 
mal insertion. A species of “advancement” has 
been also practised upon the round ligaments so 
as to relieve backward displacement of the ute¬ 
rus. Capsular a., I®* CAPSULAR, 
ad've-hent. Afferent, as A. hepatic veins. 
ad-ven-ti'ti a. i. Any membrane covering an organ 
but not really belonging to it; membrana adven¬ 
titia. 2. The outer, connective^tissue coat of 
blood-vessels; tunica adventitia. [L.] t*id-ven- 
ti'ti ous, ad-ven-ti'ti al, accidental or acquired, in 
opposition to natural or hereditary; happening 
irregularly; out of the proper or usual place, as 
A. coat, the external covering; A. cyst, a cyst¬ 
like capsule formed about a foreign body or effu¬ 
sion; false cyst: A. w^wbron^, adventitia, def. 
i; FALSE membrane: a. murmur, a cardiac mur¬ 
mur not due to any lesion of the heart: A. neuritis 
= perineuritis: A. tunic, cs-adventitia. def. 2: 
and A. sheath, a structure in the brain separating 
the extra- and intra-adventitial spaces, 
ad-y-na'mi a. Loss or deficiency of vital power. 
^Asthenia. [< a priv.-f di'pa/zif power.] f^d- 
y-nam'ic, as A. fever, a fever characterized by 
great prostration; especially typhus fever: A. 
hemorrhage, hemorrhage resulting from an ady¬ 
namic state of the body: and A. state, a condition 
of great bodily weakness. 

a-dy-namd-co-a-tax'ic. Marked by both adynamia 
and ataxia. 

a-dyn'a-mon, a-dyn'a-mum. A drink prepared 
from unfermented grape-juice, 
ae-. Words commencing with the diphthong ce are 
of Greek origin, and are often spelt with e, as 
ether, egophony, esthesiometer. 

Aeby’s plane (6'btz). A craniometrical plane per¬ 
pendicular to the median plane and passing 
through the nasion and the basion. 
ae'doe-, ae'doe-o-. Pertaining to the genital organs: 
combining forms. [< aidola genitals.] ae-doe'a, 
the genital organs.— ae-dcB-ag'ra, gout in the geni¬ 
tals.— ae-doe-aux'e, swelling or enlargement of the 
genital organs.— ae-doe-i'tis, inflammation of the 
pudenda. — ae*doe-o-blen-nor-rhoe'a, discharge 
from the mucous surfaces of the genital organs.— 
ae‘dce-o-ceph'a-lus, a monster whose face is fan¬ 
cied to resemble the male genital organs.— se'doe- 
o-dyn'i a, pain in the genital organs.— ae'doe-o-gar- 
ga-Iis'mus = masturbation. — ae-doe-og'ra-phy, 
a description of the parts of generation.— ae-doe- 
ol'o-gy, the science of the genital organs.— ae'dce- 
o-ma'nia, madness marked by sexual passion; 
nymphomania; satyriasis.— aB*dce-o-pal'mus, a 


throbbing in the genitalia.— se-doe-op'si a = iEDCE- 
oscoPY.— 3 e*doe-op-so'phi a, the sound caused by 
the escape of wind from the womb per vaginam, 
or from the bladder per urethram, in females.— 
ae'doe-op-to'sis, prolapse of some part of the fe¬ 
male genital apparatus.— ae-doe-os'co-py, exami¬ 
nation of the pudenda; aedoeopsia.— ae'doe-o-ti'- 
tis, inflammation of the genitals. — ae-dce-ot'- 
o-my, the anatomy or dissection of the geni¬ 
talia. 

ae-ga-grop'i-lus. 'A hairy concretion found in the 
intestinal tract of antelopes, goats, deer, etc.; 
bezoar, ^Enterolith; trichobezoar. 
ae'gi-lops. A vague term applied to a stage of 
FISTULA LACHRYMALis or to a sinuous ulcer under 
the inner angle of the eye ; goat^eye: it resembles 
the infrasorbital glandular sac of goats, ts- Dac- 
RYOPS. [ <ats goat + ^'ip eye.] 

JE'gle mar'melos. A rutaceous East Indian fruit- 
tree; Bengal quince; bela; bel; covolam. The 
half-ripe fruit, dried, has been introduced into 
the Indian and Colonial Addendum (1900) to the 
B. P. as be'Ice fruc'tus: slightly astringent, 
ae-goph'o-ny. In auscultation, a strong resonance 
of the voice, jerking and tremulous, like the 
bleat of a goat or kid. A minor degree of aegoph- 
ony, or a resonance of voice intermediate between 
well-marked bronchophony and aegophony, is 
known as ae'go-ny or ae-go-bron-choph'o-ny. is- 
Bronchophonism. [ < al^ goat -f voice.] 

fae-go-phon'ic. 

.®gopo'dium podagra'ria. A European antipodagric 
plant; ache-weed; gout-wort, 
ae-grop'i-les. ^ A^gagropilus. 
a-ei-path'i a. An obstinately chronic disease, 
ae-lu-rop'sis. Obliquity of the palpebral fissure. 

-ae mi a. A suffix denoting a condition of the blood, 
as chol.®mia. 

aequabil'iter jus'to ma'jor or mi'nor. Justo. 
aequanim'itas. An even, composed state of mind, 
not easily upset by success or failure. [L.] 
aequa'tor. = Equator. JE. bul'bi, equator of 
eyeball. JE. len'tis, equator of lens, 
a'e-rae-mo-tox'i a, a'er-has-mo-tox'i a. Illness or 
morbid state due to air in the blood, 
a-e-ra'tion. The arterialization of the blood by 
means of the lungs and the respiration. [ < ai/p 
air.] fa'e-ra-ted, as A. = arterial blood: 
and A. butter, rancid butter renovated by melt¬ 
ing and blowing air through it. 
a’e-ren-do-car'di a. The presence of air or gas 
within the cavities of the heart, 
a’e-ren-te-rec-ta'sia. Inflation of the intestines; 
tympanites; flatulence. 

a’er-haem-oc-to'ni a. Death from air in the veins, 
a-e'rial. Pertaining to the air; transmitted 
through the air. A. conduction, the conduction 
of sounds to the internal ear through the air, the 
external auditory meatus, and the drum, ts- 
Bone-conduction. A. fistula, a fistula in the 
neck communicating with the trachea or other 
portion of the air-passages. A. image, a real 
optical image formed in the air, as the image of 
the fundus of the eye formed in the indirect 
method of ophthalmoscopy, Skiascopy. A. 
infection, infection due to dust-particles carry¬ 
ing bacteria, as in their conveyance in particles 
of sputum. A. poison = MIASMA. A. respira¬ 

tion, air-breathing. [< arjp air.] 
rous. a*e-ri-fi-ca'tion. a-er'i-form, like air; 
gaseous. 

a'e-ri-per-i-to-ni'tis. = Tympanites. 


AERO- 


24 


®STUS 


a'e-ro-. Pertaining to the air; pneumo-: a com¬ 
bining form. [ < a-fjp air.] a-e-ro'bi on, pi. aero'- 
bia, a plant, especially a microbe, which needs 
tree oxygen in order to grow, cs” Anaerobion; 

FACULTATIVE AEROBIA ; OBLIGATIVE AEROBIA. 

ta-e-ro'bic, a‘e-ro-bi-ot'ic, as A. fermentation, 
a fermentation which requires the presence of 
oxygen. a'e-ro-bi-o'sis. — a‘e-ro-bi'o-scope, an 
apparatus for studying the bacteriology of the air. 
ta*e-ro-bi-os'co-py. — a'er-o-cele, an airstumor, as 
a TRACHEOCELE. — a'c-ro-col'pos, dilatation of the 
vagina with air or gas.— a’e-ro-cys'to-scope, a*e- 
ro-cys-tos'co-py, ^ aerosUrethroscopy. — a'e- 
ro-der-mec-ta'si a, subcutaneous emphysema due 
to traumatism. — a'e-ro-di-aph-thor'o-scope, an 
apparatus for measuring impurities of the at¬ 
mosphere. — a'e-ro-duc'tor, an apparatus for 
furnishing the child with air during parturition. 
e^Aerophore. — a‘e-ro-dy-nam'ics, the science 
of gases in motion.— a*e-rosen-ter-ec-ta'si a, dis¬ 
tention of the bowels with gas.— a*e-ro-gen'e- 
sis, gassproduction. t3^‘®"ro-gen'ic. — a-e-rog'ra- 
phy, a treatise on the air.— a’e-ro-hy-drop'a-thy, 
a*e-ro-hy-dro-ther'a-py, treatment of disease by 
the use of air and water. — a’e-ro-mi'crobe, 
a*e-ro-mi-cro'bi on, any aerobic micro-organism. 
— a-e-rop'a-thy = caisson disease. — a’e-ro- 
per-i-to'ni a, collection of air or gas in the peri¬ 
toneum. — a-e-roph'a-gy, a’e-ro-pha'gi a, the 
swallowing of air: especially in hysterical persons. 
— a‘e-ro-pho'bi a, morbid dread of air or draughts, 
fa'e-ro-phobe. — a'e-ro-phone, an apparatus for 
increasing audition.— a'e-ro-phore, a device by 
which the lungs of stillborn children are inflated 
with air. t^'^'foph'o-rous. — a'e-ro-phyte, an 
air-plant. — a'e-ro-ple-thys'mo-graph, an instru¬ 
ment for graphically recording the respired air.— 
a*e-ro-pleu'ri a = pneumothorax. —a’e-ro-pneu*- 
mo-nec-ta'si a, emphysema of the lungs. — a*e- 
ro-po-rot'o-my, the admittance of air by intu¬ 
bation or tracheotomy into the air-passages.— 
a*e-ror-rha'chi a, accumulation of air in the 
spinal canal. — a'e-ro-scope, an instrument for 
examining air microscopically to ascertain its pu¬ 
rity.— a-e-ro'sis. i. = Tympanites. 2. =Pneu- 
M-A-Tosis.— a*e-ro-statflcs, the science of gases at 
rest or in a state of equilibrium.— a*e-ro-tax'is, 
the action of oxygen on plants, especially bac¬ 
teria. — a*e-ro-ther-a-peu'tics, a*e-ro-ther'a-py, 
the use of air in the treatment of disease.— 
a'e-ro-ther-mo-ther'a-py, treatment of disease by 
the use of heated air.— a’e-ro-thoTax = pneu¬ 
mothorax. — a’e-ro-to-nom'e-ter, an instru¬ 
ment for measuring the tension of the gases of 
the blood; tonometer.— a'e-rosu-re-thros'co-py, 
urethroscopy performed by distending the ure¬ 
thral canal with air and using electric light for 
illumination: the instrument being called a*e-ros 
u-re'thro-scope.— a'e-ro-zo'on = aerobion. 

aero'sus la'pis. = Calamine. 

a-er*ter-i-ver'sion. The process of closing the end 
of a cut artery with an instrument called a-er*ter- 
i-ver'ter, the vessel being everted like a turned 
sleeve and a needle inserted. 

ae-ru'go. The rust of a metal, especially that of 
copper, known as verdigris. [L., fr. ces cop¬ 
per + jerru'go nast of iron.] t®“ru'gi-nous, 
as sputum, expectoration with a greenish 
tinge. 

ees us'tum. Burnt copper: prepared by exposing 
copper, brimstone, and salt to the fire. 

ees-chro-la'li a, aes'chro-my-the'sis. The use of in¬ 


decent speech as a symptom of insanity; copro¬ 
lalia. [ < aioxpoc indecent + "kaTielv to speak, or 
'pvdi^eiv to mutter.] 

.ffis-cu-la'pi us. The god of medicine. [<’A<T/cAJ77ri(5f,) 
aes-cu-le'tin, aes'cu-lin, aes- 
cuTic acid. = Esculetin, 

ESCULIN, ESCULIC ACID. 

.®s'culus hippocasta'num. 

The horse-chestnut, a sap- 
indaceous tree. The pow¬ 
dered kernels are sternuta¬ 
tory and a fixed oil from 
them is antirheumatic, 
aes-ta'tes. Heat-spots; freck¬ 
les; sun-burn. i^Ephelis. 

[Nom. pi. of L. ces'tas sum¬ 
mer.] 

aes-the-ma-toro-gy. The sci¬ 
ences of the senses and their 
apparatus. 

aes-the'sia. Perception; feel¬ 
ing; sensibility, 
aes'the-sin. = Esthesin. 
aes-the'si o-. Relating to sen- .^sculapius. 
sat ion: a combining form. 

[ < aiadTjOLq sensation.] aes-the'si-o-blast = gang- 
LioBLAST. — aes-the*si-o-der'mi a, a nervous dis¬ 
ease affecting the sense of touch of the skin. 
— aes-the'si-o-gen, a substance said to produce 
in certain conditions of the body exalted sensa¬ 
tions and other nervous symptoms if brought 
near to or in contact with the person, faes- 
the‘si-o-gen'ic. — aes-the-si-ol'o-gy, the science 
of the senses and of sensation.— aes-the’si-o- 
ma'ni a, mental disorder with eccentricity of 
conduct and perversion of the moral sense.— 
aes-the-si-om'- 
e-ter, an in¬ 
strument de- 
signed to 
measure the 
minutest in¬ 
crease or dim- .(Esthesiometer. 

inution of sen¬ 
sibility in the touch.— aes-the'si-o-neu-ro'sis, a 
nervous disease involving especially the sensory 
apparatus.— aes-the’si-o-no'sis, a skin disease 
’ affecting especially the sense of touch.— aes-the*- 
si-o-phys-i-ol'o-gy, the physiology or general 
study of the perceptive faculties, 
aes-the'sis. Feeling; sensibility; sense; sensation, 
taes-thet'ic, pertaining to the understanding or 
mental perception. 

aes-the-sod'ic. i. Serving to convey impressions 
(as an afferent nerve). 2. Relating to the gray 
matter of the spinal cord, regarded as the path¬ 
way of sensory impressions: nearly equivalent to 
^ afferent and opposed to kinesodic or efferent. 
M. system, the sensory conducting paths of the 
central nervous system. [ < aloQrjaLq sensation -f 
o86q a path.] 

aes-ti'val catarrh. =Hay fever. 
£es-ti*vosau-tum'nal malaria. Crescent tertian 

malaria; pernicious tertian malaria; tropical ter¬ 
tian or remittent malaria, Malaria. 

ffis-tu-a'ri um. i. A stove for applying dry heat to 
all parts of the body at once. 2. A vapor bath. 
[ L., fr. CBs'tus heat.] 

aes'tus. Heat, natural heat and heat due to inflam¬ 
matory disease. M. volat'icus, “ flying heat.” i. 
The sudden flushing of the face. 2. = Strophu¬ 
lus VOLATICUS. [L.] 


























^THER 


25 


AGAMOGENESIS 


ae'ther*. Ether, an inflammable liquid composed 
of about 96% by weight of pure ethyl oxide, 4% 
of alcohol, and containing a little water. ^ 
Ether; spiritus ^theris*; spiritus ^theris 
coMPosiTUs*. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). ace'- 
ticus*, a colorless liquid, having a peculiar, agree¬ 
able odor, and composed of about 90% by weight 
of ethyl acetate and about 10% of alcohol con¬ 
taining a little water. (^Acetic ETHER. Dose, 
I Cc. (15 mins.). IE. for'tior, “stronger ether,” 
formerly the official name for what is now called 
aether. pu'rus, “pure ether,” the B. P. 

name for ether free from alcohol and water. [L.] 
fae'ther-ism, poisoning with ether, either by in¬ 
halation or subcutaneous injection, 
ae-the-ro'le um. A volatile oil. 
ae*thi-op-i-fi-ca'tion, aedhi-o-pi-o'sis. A darkening 
of the skin from silver nitrate or mercury, 
ae'thi-ops, e'thi-ops. A name anciently given to 
several black powders. M. jovia'lis, an olds 
fashioned remedy for tapeworm, prepared from 
equal parts of tin, sulphur, and mercury M. 
martia'lis, an old name for ferric oxide. M. 
mineral, black mercuric sulphide {hydrargyri 
sulphureium nigrum ): formerly used as an anthel¬ 
mintic (poudre vermifuge mercurielle) and as a 
remedy for scrofula. per se, gray oxide 

formed by long agitation of merctiry in a bottle 
half full of air. M. vegeta'bilis, charcoal made 
by burning Fu'cus vesiculo'sus, cork, soot, etc., 
in the open air and reducing it to a powder, 
aeth'ol, aeth'al. Cetyl alcohol, C^gH330H, from 
spermaceti. 

£eth'o-lix. A blister of the skin raised by heat. 
.®thu'sa cyna'pium. A plant looking like parsley, 
which yields ae-thu'sine, an alkaloid resembling 
coniine, and a volatile oil: fool’s parsley, lesser 
hemlock. 

aeth'yl. = Ethyl. [L.] 

aeth'ylis carba'mas*. Ethyl carbamate, CgH^NO.^, 
an ester of carbamic acid, obtained by the reac¬ 
tion of ethyl alcohol upon urea or one of its salts. 
It is hypnotic. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). chlor'- 
idum*, ethyl chloride, a haloid derivative, pre¬ 
pared by the action of hydrochloric acid gas 
upon absolute alcohol: used as an anaesthetic, 
ae-ti-ol'o-gy. = Etiology. 

ae-ti-on'y-mous. Having a name which states the 
cause. [< ah'ia cause -I- ovvpa for bvopa name.] 
A-fa-nas'siew’s reagent. A solution of methyl violet 
and peptone: used for studying blood=platelets. 
a-feb'rile. Not febrile; not characterized by fever. 

A. typhoid fever, apyretic typhoid fever. 
a'fer'mol. A proprietary serum: a dusting powder, 
a-fe'tal, a-fce'tal. Having no foetus, 
af'fect. An abnormally intense emotional reaction, 
as Imperative a. a pathological feeling arising 
without cause, but independent of imperative 
ideas, delusions, and hallucinations, 
af-fec'tion. A morbid condition of a part; a dis¬ 
ease, as a Nervous a. [ < L. affi'cere to affect.] 
af-fec'tive. Relating to the affections or emotions. 
A. agitation, motor agitation from emotions. 
A. faculties, the emotions of the human mind. 
A. insanity = emotional insanity. A. melan¬ 
choly, melancholy in which the emotional ele¬ 
ments predominate. 

Af'fen-spal-te. A fissure in the occipital lobes of 
the brains of apes: often found in man. [Ger.] 
af'fe-rent. Centripetal; conveying impulses or im¬ 
pressions from the periphery inward to the centres, 
as A. nerves; conveying fluid (blood or lymph) 


inward or from the periphery, as A. vessels: op¬ 
posed to EFFERENT. [< h. af'ferens, fr. ad to-f 
fer're to bring.] 

af-fe-ren'ti a. =Vasa afferentia. 
af-fin'i-ty. i. That kind of attraction by which 
different classes of substances combine to form 
new substances, as an alkali combining with an 
acid to form a salt: called chemical or elective 
affinity. 2. Morphological relationship; some¬ 
times, also, genetic relationship. [< L. affi'nis 
on the boundary, near, connected with.] 
af'fi um. Opium. [Turk.] 

af-fla'tus. I. A term applied to a species of ery¬ 
sipelas, as if blown upon by an unwholesome 
blast. 2. The aura epileptica. 
af'flux, af-flux'ion. The flow of blood or other body 
fluid to a particular part. [< L. fr. ad to, tow¬ 
ard + flu'ere to flow.] 

af-fu'sion. i. The pouring of water on a substance to 
cleanse it. 2. The pouring on a patient, in cer¬ 
tain fevers, of a liberal quantity of cold water. 
[ < L. ad to, upon -I- fun'dere to pour.] 
af'ral. A proprietary preservative for wine, etc. 
Af'ri-can lethargy. = Trypanosomiasis. 
af'ro-dyn. A proprietary aphrodisiac, 
af'tan-nin. A brownish liquid used against foot* 
andsmouth disease. 

af'ter. Next in order; later in time. A.sbirth, the 
structures cast off from the uterus after the ex¬ 
pulsion of the foetus, including the membranes 
and the placenta with the attached umbilical cord; 
the secundines. A.sbrain = metencephalon, def. 
2. A.scataract, a second cataract formed after 
operation for cataract, ts- Secondary cataract. 
A. fever, traumatic fever; aseptic wound fever. 
A.shearing = AFTERssouND. A.simage, a retinal 
impression continued after the image proper has 
ceased to be normally visible. In a positive after* 
image the bright parts of the appearance remain 
bright, the dark parts dark. In a negative after* 
image the appearance is either in complementary 
colors, or the bright parts appear dark and the 
dark parts bright. A.smilk = afterings. A.s 
pains, those pains, more or less severe, after ex¬ 
pulsion of the after*birth, which result from the 
contractile efforts of the uterus to return to its 
normal condition. A.spressure, a sensation of 
pressure continuing after' the weight causing the 
pressure has been removed. A.ssensation, a sen¬ 
sation persisting after the stimulus which pro¬ 
duces it has been removed. A.ssound, the hear¬ 
ing of sound after the cessation of that vibration 
of the air which is the essential element in sound. 
A.staste, a sensation of taste continuing after the 
sapid substance producing it has been removed. 
A.stouch, the persistent sensation after palpation. 
A.svibration, the slight rise in the myogram after 
the end of contraction; contraction*remainder or 
stage of elastic after*vibration. A.svision, the 
perception of an after*image. [< A. S. (Bfter.) 
af'ter-ings. The strippings of milk; the very last 
milk taken away at a milking. 

Ag. The chemical symbol for silver (L. argen'tum). 
a-ga-lac'ti a. Lack or absence of milk after 
child*birth. fa-ga-lac'tous. 
ag'alsag'al. =Agar*agar. 

a-gal'lo-chum. Aloes*wood or eagle*wood; lign* 
aloes. [< aydUoxov.} 

a-gal-or-rhoe'a. Cessation of the secretion of milk, 
a-gam-o-gen'e-sis. Reproduction without sexual 
congress. [< a priv. -I- yd//of marriage -|- yhecic 
birth.] 


AGANGLIONIC 


26 


AGGLUTININ 


a-gan-gli-on'ic. Having no relation to a ganglion; 
having no ganglion. 

ag'ar, ag*arsag'ar. i. Ceylon moss, a name for several 
species of Asiatic seaweed: used locally as a food 
and in the treatment of constipation. ®*Regulin. 
2. A kind of glue or isinglass prepared from certain 
species of these seaweeds: used in making agar 
cultures and medicinal suppositories. A. cultures, 
preparations of agar=agar made for the purpose of 
growing and keeping micro-organisms for study, 
possessing in many cases distinct advantages over 
gelatin media, as that of not melting at its ordinary 
incubation temperature. 

a-gar'ic or ag'a-ric. Any mushroom, especially 
any species of Agaricus. A. acid, a dibasic, 
crystalline, acid from white agaric. Polyp'orus 
officina'Its ; a-gar-i-cin'ic acid: used in phthisical 
night-sweats. Dose, 0.004 0.05 Gm. to f 

gr.). Fly a. = Amanita muscaria. Purging or 
white a. = Polyporus officinalis. Surgeons* 
a. = Agaricus quercus. 

a-gar'i-cin. A poisonous principle, C14H48O2, of 
white agaric, Polyp'orus officina'lis; laricin. It 
has been found useful in phthisical night-sweats. 
Dose, 0.003 to 0.004 Gm. to gr.), later 
0.012 to 0.005 a to tV combined with 

Dover’s powder. It must be used with caution. 

a-gar'i-cine. =Amanitine. 

Agar'icus. The type-genus of a family of Hynteno- 
myce'ies or mushrooms, including about 1000 
species, many of them edible; the only genus 
which is practically cultivable: used to check 
excessive secretion of any kind, as the night- 
sweats of phthisis, bronchorrhoea, etc. A. al'bus 
= Polyporus officinalis. A. campes'tris, 
the common edible mushroom of Europe. A. 
chirurgo'rum, “surgeons’ agaric,” == A. quer¬ 
cus. A. musca'rius, “ fly agaric,” = Ama¬ 
nita MUSCARIA. Muscarine. A. phalloi'- 
des, the most important toxic species of ‘this 
genus. A. quer'cus, “agaric of the oak,” Bole'- 
tus {Polyp'orus) ignia'rius, or touchwood, a 
fungus formerly used for arresting external 
hemorrhages. 

a-gar'y-thrine. An alkaloid from Agar'icus ru'ber, an 
edible mushroom by some considered poisonous. 

a-gas'tric. Lacking an 

alimentary canal, as 'a 
tapeworm, fa-gas'ter, 
one without a stomach. 

a-gas-tro-ner'vi a, -neu'- 
ri a. Defective nervous 
tone in the stomach. 

[ < a priv. + yaarijp 
stomach -f vevpov 
nerve.] 

ag'a-thin. A greenish- 

white, crystalline sub¬ 
stance, salicylalphame- 
thylphenylhydrazone: 
antineuralgic and anti¬ 
rheumatic. Dose, 0.12 
to 0.5 Gm. (2 to 8 grs.). 

[< ayaddg good.] 

Aga've. A genus of ama- 
ryllidaceous plants, 
many species of which 
afford detergent and 
alterative juices. A. 
america'na, the American aloe, or century-plant. 
Its juice is laxative, diuretic, and emmenagogue. 
Dose, 60 Cc. (2 fl. ozs.). a*-P ulque. A. potato'- 


rum, one of the sources of Mexican pulque, is 
diuretic and antisyphilitic. A. virgin'ica, of the 
United States, affords a tincture, used against 
colic. [< ayavoq admirable.] 
age, old. = Senility. 

a-ge-ne'si a, a-gen'e-sis. i. Defective development, 
consisting in the absence or imperfection of parts 
or organs, as A. an'i, atresia ani combined with 
absence of the caecal pouch. 2. Impotence; ste¬ 
rility. [ < a priv. -t- yevvdv to beget, or yeveaOaL 
to be born.] |ag-e-nes'ic; ag-e-net'ic. 
ag-en-ne'si a. = Agenesia, def. 2. 
a-gen-o-so'ma. The condition of a monster-foetus 
which shows eventration of the lower part of the 
abdomen, the genitals being absent or rudimen¬ 
tary. [< a priv. +y£vvdv to beget-f aw/za body.] 
fa-gen-o-so'mi a; a-gen-o-so'mus. 
a'gens mor'bi. Morbific agent. [ L.] 
a'gent. Any power or influence which produces an 
effect on the human body, as Morbific a., some¬ 
thing which causes disease, Reagent. [ < L. 
a'gens, fr. a'gere to act or do.] 
ag-e-ra'sia. The non-appearance of the infirmities 
of old age; a green old age. 

Age'ratum. A genus of composite plants. A. cony- 
zoi'des, of America, is emmenagogue. c^Achillea. 
a-geus'ti a, a-geu'si a. Loss of taste, 
ag'ger. A mound or elevation. A. na'si*, a ridge 
on the outer wall of the middle meatus of the 
nose, which represents the rudiment of the naso- 
turbinal bone found in most mammals. A. val'- 
vulae, a venous eminence at the base of a valve, 
ag-glom'e-rate. Crowded together; aggregate. A. 
glands = Peyer’s patches. [< L. agglomera're to 
gather together.] 

ag-glu-ti-na'tion. i. The phenomenon, discovered 
in 1889 by Charrin and Roger, of mutual adhe¬ 
sion or clumping of foreign cells (agglutinable 
substance), as bacteria or erythrocytes, and loss 
of motility in the case of motile bacteria, when 
suspended in a fluid containing a suitable agglu¬ 
tinin: seen microscopically or evidenced to the 
naked eye by the formation of flocculi or of a 
sticky precipitate {agglutinate) in place of the 
previous uniform turbidity of the suspension. It 
is possibly due to the action of salts upon the 
electrical charges that keep the particles sus¬ 
pended. The principle was elaborated by Pfeiffer 
in 1894 (^Pfeiffer’s reaction), and was 
first put to practical use in the Widal re.\ction. 
2. A gluing or joining together, as A. method, a 
method of removing a foreign body from the ear by 
a probe to which glue has been attached. [ < L. 
agglutina'tio, fr. ad to -I- glutina're to glue.] 
glu'ti-na-bil'i-ty. ag-glu'ti-nant, ag-glu'ti-na-tive. 
I. Promotive of repair by adhesion. 2. An ex¬ 
ternal gluey application, ag-glu'ti-na-tor, as A. 
types of bacilli, those which are easily clumped, 
ag-glu'ti-nin. A substance, occurring according to 
some investigators in blood-plasma, according to 
others only in the serum after coagulation, com¬ 
paratively resistant to heat, drying, putrefaction, 
etc., showing many of the characteristics of pro- 
teids, and producing agglutination by its action 
on the surface of foreign cells: distinct from the 
precipitins and the bacteriolytic amboceptors, 
and not requiring the presence of complement for 
its action. Common or group a., one of the 
several agglutinins supposed to be produced by 
the presence of a single species of bacterium, 
but capable of agglutinating certain allied species 
as well. Idiosa., one of the several agglutinins 



Agave. 







AGGLUTINOGEN 


27 


AGRAPHIA 


supposed to be produced by the presence of a 
single species of bacterium, which has no agglu¬ 
tinating action whatever except on the given 
species. Normal a., one of the substances sup¬ 
posed to cause the agglutination which normal 
serum produces with many bacteria; generally 
only when undiluted or slightly diluted. Specific 
a., an agglutinin produced as a reaction against 
the presence of a specific bacterium or other for¬ 
eign cell: generally capable of causing agglutina¬ 
tion even when the serum containing it is highly 
diluted (i: loo; i :iooo; even i :2oooooo), in which 
case it agglutinates only the specific kind of cell 
with which it is homologous; but in lower dilu¬ 
tions sometimes agglutinating related cells, as 
allied species of bacteria. It is produced in a 
few days after infection with the bacterium or 
introduction of the foreign cell, and may remain 
for months or even years afterward. ^Anti¬ 
toxin; opsonin; Widal reaction. 
ag-glu-tin'o-gen. One of the bacterial substances 
supposed to stimulate the formation of a common 
agglutinin or idepsagglutinin. m- Pepsinogen. 
tag-glu*ti-no-gen'ic. 

ag-giu'ti-noid. An agglutinin in which the zymo- 
toxic group is destroyed. 

ag“glu'ti-num. The agglutinable substance of the 
bacillus. 

ag-glu-tin'u-moid. A substance in serum which after 
heating still retains power of absorbing aggluti¬ 
nin, differing in this one respect from the agglu- 
tinoid. 

ag“glu-tom'e-ter. A set of tubes and reagents for 
performing the Widal test without a microscope, 
ag-gra-va'tion. Increased severity of symptoms, 
ag'gre-gate, ag'gre-ga-ted. Crowded; formed by a 
collection of several bodies: applied to lymphsfol- 
licles occurring in clusters, Peyer’s patches. 
[< L. a(i to-\-grega're to crowd together.] 
ag-gres'sin. A protein supposed to be formed by 
growing bacteria, and to increase the virulence of 
the bacteria by inhibiting the migration of phago¬ 
cytes and the protective action of the blood, 
ag-i-ta'tion. i. The act of putting into active or 
violent motion. 2. Mental emotion from the vio¬ 
lence of some prevailing passion. 3. Restlessness 
of body.- [ < L. agita're to shake.] t^g'i"t^“tor, 
in pharmacy, any device for stirring a mixture, 
a-glau-cop'si a. Greensblindness. [ < a priv. -|- 
yXavKoq green + o-ipig vision.] 
ag'li a. A whitish speck on the cornea of the eye. 
a-glo-buTi a, a-glob'u-lism. Decrease in the quan¬ 
tity of red bloodsglobules. 

Aglos'sa pinguina'lis. [If D. m.W., j, ’09.] 
a-glos'si a. i. A malformation in which the tongue 
is wanting. 2. Absence of the tongue. [< a priv. 
+ yXuaaa tongue.] 

a-glos-sos'to-ma. i. A mouth from which the tongue 
is wanting. 2. A foetus bom without a tongue. 
[< a priv. -h yTiOioca tongue +Gr6jj.a mouth.] fa*- 
glos-so-sto'mi a, absence of the tongue, 
ag-lu-ti'tion. Inability to swallow. ^ Dysphagia. 

[ < a priv. + L. gluii're to swallow.] 
ag-ma-tol'o-gy. The science of fractures. [ < ay fide 
fracture 4- Myog treatise.] 

ag'mi-nate, ag'mi-na-ted. Clustered; crowded to¬ 
gether. A. folliculitis, a large, rounded, or irreg¬ 
ularly outlined patch of ringworm. A. glands, 
the groups of lymph^follicles within the small 
intestines which constitute Peyer’s patches, 
ag'nail. A small slip of epidermis, detached at the 
distal end, mostly found beside a finger* or toe* 


nail; hangnail. It is often accompanied by an 
annoying local inflammation. [< A. S. agncegl.] 
ag-na'thi a. Congenital absence of the jaw. [ < a 
'priv. + yvddog jaw.] fag'na-thous. 

Ag'new's splint, i. A splint for fracture of the 
patella. 2. One for 
fracture of the meta¬ 
carpus. 

ag'nia (agni'na) mem- 
bra'na or tuni'ea. 

= Amnion. [< L. 
ag'nus lamb -I- mem- 
bra'na membrane or 
tu'nica coat.] 
ag'nine. A proprie¬ 
tary name for a fat¬ 
ty substance resem¬ 
bling lanolin. [ < 

L. ag'nus lamb.] 
ag-nce'a, ag-noi'a. The 
state of a patient 
who does not recog¬ 
nize persons or things. [ < dyvoelv to be ignorant.] 
ag-no'si a, ag-no'sis. Inability to recognize persons 
and objects, though the perceptive power is not 
impaired. [ < a priv. 4- yvibaig perception.] t^g- 
no'sic. 

ag'nus cas'tus. The chaste*tree, a species of Vi'tex, 
formerly celebrated as an anaphrodisiac. This 
name has also been given to castor oil, or the oil 
of Ri'cinus commu'nis, from its effects upon the 
body and the mind. [L., “ chaste lamb.”] 

-ago. A suffix denoting action or intensity, as in 
lumbago. [< L. to excite.] 

-agogue. i^-Gogue. to carry off.] 

a-gom-phi'a-sis. Looseness of the teeth. [< a 
priv. 4- yo[i<piog a molar ] fa-gom'phi ous, with¬ 
out teeth. 

ag'o-nal. Struggling; relating to the death*stniggle, 
a-go'ni a. Sterility. [ < a priv. 4- yovog offspring.] 
ag-o-ni'a-din. An antimalarial glucoside from the 
bark of Plume'ria sue'euba. 
ag'o-ny. i. The stniggle with severe pain: often 
applied to the pain itself. 2. The last struggle of 
life, closing in death; death*struggle; death* 
agony. [< dycjv a contest.] 
ag'o-ra-pho'bi a. i. A peculiar symptom which 
consists in a feeling of distress at the thought of 
being alone in any large place; fear of emptiness 
or of empty spaces; kenophobia. ^Claustro¬ 
phobia. 2. Fear of public places or of people 
(sometimes a symptom of dangerous melancholia) 
[< dyopd a market =place 4- fear.] 

-agra. A term used as a suffix, and signifying a 
severe pain or an eruption, as in podagra, men- 
tagra, chiragra, etc. [< dypa seizure.] 
a-grae'mi a. The condition of the blood character¬ 
istic of gout. [ < ay pa seizure, gout 4- at pa blood.] 
a-graffe'. An instrument for holding the edges of 
the wound together in the operation for harelip, 
a-gram'ma-tism. A variety of aphasia in which 
words are uttered, but without their correct se¬ 
quence. [< dypdpparog unable to read.] 
a-gran-u-la'tion cells of Ehrlich. Oxyphilic or 
eosinophilic granules found in the polynuclear 
oxyphilic and eosinophilic leucocytes. They are 
• large, highly refractive, and contain iron, 
a-graph'i a. A mental disease in which the patient 
finds it difficult or impossible to recall or arrange 
written characters so as to form a word or a sen¬ 
tence. ^Aphasia. Absolute a., literal a. Acous¬ 
tic a., loss of the ability to write from dictation. 



David Hayes Agnew, Amer¬ 
ican Surgeon, 1818-1892. 


AGREST 


28 


AIR 


A. amnemo'nica, agraphia in which letters and 
words can be written, but not arranged so as to 
form any idea. A. litera'lis or atac'tica, Literal 
a., a form of agraphia with loss of power to write 
even a single letter. Optic a., a loss of the power 
to copy writing, without impairment of the power 
to write from dictation. Verbal a., agraphia in 
which letters can be formed, but not arranged in 
words, P.\RAGRAPHiA. [ < tt priv. +to 
write.] ta-graph'ic. 

A-grest'. = Verjuice. [Ger.] 
ag'ria. i. Pustular eruption, with redness or ero¬ 
sion: so named from its intractability. 2. Ma¬ 
lignant pustule. 3. The gout. 4. Scrofula. 

[< aypioQ wild, untamable.] 
ag-ri-el-co'sis. Malignant ulceration. [< aypioq 
wild -I- e?iKO)a/.^ ulceration.] 
ag'ri-mo-ny. The astringent and stomachic rosa¬ 
ceous plant Agrimo'ma eupato'ria of the United 
States. Dose of fluidextract, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.), 
ag-ri-o-rig'a-num. Wild marjoram, Orig'anum vul- 
ga're. [< aypiog wild + bpiyavov marjoram.] 
ag-ri-o-thym'i a. Furious insanity ; insane ferocity. 

[< aypioQ wild + dvpog passion.] 
a-grip'pa. A child born feet foremost. [As if L. cBgrip'- 
pa, from ce'gre par'tus, “born with difficulty.”] 
agrippi'nus par'tus. Foot presentation, 
ag'rom. An endemic disease of India marked by 
fissures and rough and white spots on the tongue, 
ag-ro-ma'ni a. A passion for solitude and a coun¬ 
try life; abnormal or insane loathing of towns and 
streets. [< ayp6q a field + pavia madness.] 
Agropy'rum re'pens. Couch-grass, an American 
weed whose root yields triticum*. 
a-gryp'ni a. Sleeplessness; insomnia; wakefulness. 

[< aypvTTvelv to be wakeful.] fa-gryp'nic. 
a-gryp-no-co'ma. A lethargic state of wakeful¬ 
ness, with low, muttering delirium; coma vigil. 
[< aypvTzvog sleepless -f Kupa lethargy.] 
a-gryp--not'ic. Causing sleeplessness, as a drug, 
aguamiel (a-gwa-mi-^F). The unfermcnted juice of 
Mexican species of Aga've. It is alterative, diu¬ 
retic, and detergent. [Sp., “ honey-water.”] 
a'gue. The common name for intermittent fever 
or malaria. Specially named varieties are 
Brass-founders’, Brow, Catenating, Dumb, 
Face ( = Tic douloureux). Latent ( = dumb). 
Leaping, Masked ( = dumb). Quartan,Quintan, 
Quotidian, and Tertian. A.scake, enlargement 
of the spleen, the effect of protracted ague. A. 
drop, a solution of potassium arsenite; Fowler’s 
tasteless ague drop, for which the liquor arseni- 
calis is substituted. It is used as a remedy in 
intermittent fevers. A.=face, neuralgia of the 
face due to malaria. A. root, the plant AVetris 
farino'sa. A. tree, another name for sassafras, 
given because of its virtues as a febrifuge. 
[< F. aigu, fr. L. acu'tus sharp.] fa'gu-ish. 
ag'ul. An Asiatic shrub yielding manna. 
ag'u-rin. The trade name for a diuretic compound 
of theobromine and sodium acetate. Dose, 0.5 
to I Gm. (7 to 15 grs.), preferably in capsules, 
a-gy'rias. = Cataract. 

Ah. Abbr. for hypermetropic astigmatism. 

Ahl'feld’s sign. 'The auscultation of two hearts, as 
a sign of twin pregnancy. 

Ahm. Abbr. for mixed astigmatism with hyper- 
metropia predominant. 

a-hyp'nia. =Insomnia. [<n priv. -f PTrpof sleep.] 
ai crepitant (a i cre-pi-tafi). The painful crepitation 
of tendons in tenontitis: especially of the tendon 
of Achilles. [F., “ crepitating pain.”] 


aich-mo-pho'bi a. Morbid fear of pointed tools or 
instruments, often including a dread of being 
touched by anything. [< o-lxpv spear-point.] 
aidsfor'ceps, aide=for'ceps. A mechanical device for 
making continuous traction on obstetrical forceps, 
ai-doi-o-ma'ni a. = .^Bdceomania. 
ai-do-i'tis. = Vulvitis. 

aigrette (e-gr^t). A form of static electric discharge 
from a rather blunt electrode. It is intermediate 
between the spark and the static breeze, 
ail. I. An ailment. 2. To be ill or ailing. 3. 
Garlic, fail'ing, ill; somewhat indisposed; sick, 
ail'ment, any illness or attack of disease. 
Ailan'thus. A genus of simarubaceous trees. A. 
excel'sa of India furnishes an aromatic bark 
which is a tonic and feb¬ 
rifuge. A powder of the 
bark and leaves of A. 
glandulo'sa is tonic and 
anthelmintic. Dose, 0.5 
to 2 Gm. (7 to 30 grs.). 
ai-lu-ro-pho'bi a. Morbid 
fear of cats; cat-syncope, 
ainhum (en'hum). A disease 
almost peculiar to the ne¬ 
gro race, in which a toe, 
usually the little toe, some¬ 
times the great toe, be¬ 
comes gradually detached 
and drops off; dactylolysis 
spontanea. [An African word, said to mean a saw. 
^J.A.M. A. j. ’07.] 

a-i'o-din, a-i'o-dine. The trade name for a thyroid 
extract prepared with tannin, 
air. The mixture of odorless, colorless gases which 
we breathe; atmosphcire; natural air; atmos¬ 
pheric air. When pure, air consists by volume 
of about 20% of OXYGEN, 80% of nitrogen, and 
various other ingredients, as argon, carbonic 
acid, aqueous vapor, etc. Air is 813 times lighter 
than water. Specially named varieties of air are 
Alkaline, Complemental, Compressed, Dephlo- 
gisticated ( = oxygen), E.xpired, Fixed (= car¬ 
bon dioxide). Liquid, Mephitic (i. = Carbon 
dioxide. 2. = Nitrogen), Reserve ( = supple¬ 
mental), Residual or stationary, Superheated, 
Supplemental, Tidal, and Vital ( = oxygen). 
A.sbag, A.=bladder = vesica natatoria. A.s 
bath. I. The therapeutic exposure of the body 
to the action of air, usually heated or charged 
with some medicinal vapor. i^Sauerbruch’s 
METHOD. 2. An apparatus for drying substances 
in air of any desired temperature. A.=bed, a bed 
of which the basis is a flat bag distended with air. 
^Water-bed. A.sborne, carried by the air. as 
A.-i>. diseases. A.scell. i. A small vacuole 
within the body containing air. 2. Air-ves¬ 
icle. A.schamber, i^-Sauerbruch’s method. 
A.sconduction = aerial conduction. A.=cure, 
A. -BATH. A.sdouche, a current of air blown 
into a cavity, particularly into the tympanum 
for opening the eustachian tube. A.sdressing, a 
dressing open to the air, as in tetanus. A. em¬ 
bolism, tm- embolism. A.sfilter, a device for free¬ 
ing air from dust and from pathogenic germs. 
A.shunger, profound dyspnoea, as in diabetes. 
A.sinjector, an apparatus for blowing air and 
thus removing d6bris in certain dental opera¬ 
tions. A.slacuna, any one of the air-spaces in 
• white hair. A.smassage = pneumomassage. A. 
passage, any one of the passages into which air 
is drawn in respiration. A-spump, an apparatus 




AIROL 


29 


ALBINISM 


for exhausting air in a closed vessel, i^Alveg- 
niat’s PUMP. A.ssac, air=vesicle. A.ssinus, 
a cavity within a bone containing air. A.sspace, 
the cubic contents of a room. This should be 
not less than looo cubic feet per individual. A.s 
swallowing = AEROPHAGY. A. thermometer, 
THERMOMETER. A.stractor, a suction apparatus 
used by Simpson tor extracting the foetus and in 
elevating depressed fetal bones of the head. A.s 
tube AiRsPASSAGE. A.=vesicle, any one of the 
saccules in the lung=tissue into which air is admit¬ 
ted in respiration. A.svessel, any cavity of the 
body containing or transmitting air, especially 
applied to an air^vesicle. 

a-i'rol, a-i'ro-form, a-i'ro-gen. Trade names for bis¬ 
muth oxy=iodogallate. 
aitch'bone. Haunch^bone of cattle, 
ai-ti-ol'o-gy. Etiology. 

Aizo'on canarien'se. A plant of the Canary Islands, 
the ashes of which are used in scurvy, 
a-ja'col. =Guaethol. 

aj'a-wan, aj'o-wan. A plant, Ca'rum aj'owan, of 
India, much resembling caraway. 

A'juga chamae'pitys. A labiate plant; ground pine: 

used in gout, rheumatism, and amenorrhoea. 
ak-. For most words beginning thus, as akanthion, 
akinesia, akne, etc., see words beginning ac-, as 

ACANTHION, ACINESIA, ACNE, etC. 

a-kar-al'gi a. A headache remedy containing so¬ 
dium salicylate, lithium benzoate, and nux vomica, 
a-kas'ga, a-kaz'ga. A West African plant, the 
beans of which are used as an ordeal poison: it is 
akin to the genus Strych'nos, and yields a-kaz'- 
gine, an alkaloid resembling strychnine. 

Al. The symbol for aluminum. 

-al. A suffix, usually of an adjective, denoting per¬ 
taining to, belonging to, of, etc.; as anatomical, 
the tendency of the times being to drop the -al, 
as pathologic, electric, etc. 
a'la, pi. a'lce. i. The axilla; armpit. 2. Awing: 
applied to parts which resemble a wing, A. abba 
media'lis, a whitish field on the floor of the fourth 
ventricle between the striae medullares, the mesal 
groove, and the ala cinerea.: now usually called 
the trigonum hypoglossi, since it corresponds with 
the position of the twelfth cranial nerve. A'lae at- 
lan'tis, the transverse processes of the atlas. A. 
au'ris, the pinna of the ear. A. cine'rea*, an ash=: 
colored triangular field on the floor of the fourth 
ventricle at the side of the A. alba medialis: it is 
often called the trigonum vagi, since it marks the 
position of the common nuclei of the ninth and 
tenth cranial nerves. A. lo'buli centra'lis*, the lat¬ 
eral expansion of the upper surface of the cerebel¬ 
lum continued from the central lobe. A. mag'na, 
the great or large wing of the sphenoid bone: the 
homologue of the alisphenoid of lower types, and 
hence often so called. A'lae majo'res, “larger 
wings,” a term applied to the labia externa of 
the pudendum. A'lae mino'res, “lesser wings,” 
a term applied to the two small folds formed by 
the labia interna or nymphae. A'lae na'si*, “ wings 
of the nose,” the lateral or movable cartilaginous 
parts of the nose. A. par'va, the smaller or 
lesser wing of the sphenoid bone: the homologue 
of the orhitosphenoid. A'lae pon'tis, m- ponticu- 
Lus. A'lae pulmo'num, the lobes of the lung. 
A'lae sa'cri, the smooth lateral surfaces of the 
sacrum, continuous with the iliac fossa. A. 
vespertilio'nis, “bat’s wing,” a name applied to 
the BROAD LIGAMENT of the uterus. A'lae vo'- 
meris*, the semi=elliptical edges of the groove on 


the superior border of the vomer. [L., contracted 
from axil'la.] fa'lar, as A. cartilages, the car¬ 
tilages of the wings of the nose: A. chest = 
PTERYGOID chest: A. ligaments, two crescentic 
folds of synovial membrane within the knees 
joint, lying between the patella and the tibia and 
femur: A. muscles, the pterygoid muscles: A. 
odontoid A'gamcwA = check ligaments: A. proc¬ 
esses, two little wingslike processes projecting 
from the fore part of the crista galli and resting 
against the frontal bone: and A. thoracic artery, 
a small branch of the axillary artery which sup¬ 
plies the structures, especially the lymphsglands, 
within the axilla, 
adasa'zar. =Kalasazar. 
dla-cat. A 60% formic acid solution, 
a-lac'ti a. = Agalactia. 

a-la'li a. A defect of articulation; inability to talk, 
due to local disease of the vocal organs, 

, Aphasia; dyslalia; lalophobia; mogilalia. 
A. menta'lis (relati'va), a form observed in chil¬ 
dren who, because of the embarrassment of ex¬ 
cessive stammering, make no attempt to speak. 
[< a priv. -f Tia'kuv to speak.] fa-la'lic. 
Alan'gium. A genus of plants, of which A. decapet'- 
alum; A. lamar'ki, an East, Indian plant con¬ 
taining a-lan'gin, which is used like ipecac; and 
A. metapet'alum, are the best known, 
al'a-nin. An organic base, C3H7NO2 ; alphasamido- 
propionic acid; lactamin; lactamic acid. A. mer¬ 
cury = HYDRARGYRUM AMIDOPROPIONICUM. 
A-lan'son’s method. Circular amputation in which 
the incision is inclined so that the end of the 
stump is like a hollow cone, 
a-lant'scam-phor. A kind of camphor, CjpHjgO, ob¬ 
tainable from ELECAMPANE, 
a-lan'tin. = Inulin. 

a-lan'tol. An oily liquid, CJ5H20O2, from elecam¬ 
pane ; inulol: substituted for creosote in phthisis, 
a'lar. Under ala, 

ala'res ve'nas. The superficial veins at the bend of 
the arm. [L.] 

ala'ria os'sa. The lateral processes of the sphenoid, 
a'late. Possessed of wings, 
alb. Abbr. for L. al'bus, white, 
al'ba or al'ba substan'tia. The white substance of 
the brain. A. sclerot'ica, white of the eye. 
al-ba-da'ra. An old name for the proximal joint 
of the great toe. [Ar.] fal-ba-da'ran. 
al'ban. A white resin, CigHjgO, extractible from 
guttaspercha. 

al-bar'as. A skin disease marked by the formation 
of shining patches on which the hair becomes 
white, and by anaesthesia of those patches; white 
leprosy. [< L. a/'i»W5 white.] 
al-bar'gin, al-bar'gol. A proprietary light ^yellow 
powder, containing 15% of silver: used, in solu¬ 
tions, as an antiseptic, bactericide, and astringent, 
al-be'do. Whiteness; the intensity with which an 
object reflects light. A. un'guium, white of the 
nail. [L.] 

Al'bert’s operation. An operation for flaiUjoint, 
made by excision of the knee to secure ankylosis, 
al'bi-cans, pi. -can'tia. Corpus albicans. 
al-bi-du'ri a. White or pale urine. 

Al-bi'ni’s nodules. Small gray nodules sometimes 
found on the free edges of the auriculoventricu- 
lar valves in infants. They are about the size of 
sagosgrains and are remnants of fetal structures, 
al'bi-nism, al-bi-nis'mus. A congenital or acquired 
state in which the normal pigment is wanting in 
part or in whole, the skin being of a dull milkys 


ALBINURIA 


30 


ALBUMOSE 


white color; alphosis; albor nativus. The hair 
resembles bleached flax or silk; the iris is pink, 
and the retina and choroid, seen through the 
pupil, present another shade of the same color; 
the sight is weak, and is often strongest in the 
dark. Leucopathia. [< L. al'bus white.] 
tal-bi'ness, a female albino. al-bi-nis'tic, al- 
bi-not'ic, affected with albinism, al-bi'no, an 
individual with the characteristics of albinism, 
al-bi-nu'ri a. =Albiduria. 

Albiz'zia anthelmin'tica. An Abyssinian tree, the 
bark of which is used as a taeniafuge. 
alb-i'o-dine. A 12.5% solution of iodine in a glyce¬ 
rin base. 

al'bo -car-bin. A trade name for naphthalene. 
al*bo-ci-ne're ous. Composed of both white and 
gray matter. 

al'bo-line, al'bo-lene. Trade names for an oily sub¬ 
stance resembling petrolatum liquidum*. 
arbor nati'vus. = Albinism. A. o'vi, white of egg. 
abbu-gin. A collective term for the albumins and 
globulins, owing to their being coagulated by heat, 
al-bu-gin'ea. ^Tunica albuginea. A. oc'uli, 
the sclerotic. A. ova'rii, the external layer of 
the stroma of the ovary. A. pe'nis = tunica 

ALBUGINEA CORPORUM CAVERNOSORUM*. A. teS- 

tic'uli or tes'tis = tunica albuginea testis*. 

Mediastinum, tal-bu-gin'e al; al-bu-gin'e an; 
al-bu-gin'e ous. i. White like the sclerotic coat 
of the eye: applied to a membrane of the eye, 
also to a covering of the testicle, each named Tu- 
nica albuginea. A. tissue, the tough, white fibrous 
tissue which, when in a condensed form, makes 
up aponeuroses, ligaments of joints, and the 
tendons, al-bu-gi-ni'tis, inflammation of any al¬ 
bugineous tissue, especially the tunica albuginea 
of a testicle. 1^ Periorchitis. 2. Pertaining to 
the white of eggs. 

al-bu'go. A white opacity of the cornea, 
al-bu'ka-lin. A substance, CgHjgNgOg, found in the 
blood of leukaemic patients, 
al-bu-lac'tin. A proprietary soluble lactalbumen. 
al'bum ce'ti. = Spermaceti. A. ca'nis or grae'- 
cum, the white dung of dogs fed on bones. A. 
ni'grum, the excrement of rats and mice: for¬ 
merly used both externally and internally as a 
remedy. A. oc'uli, white of the eye; sclera. 
A. o'vi, white of egg. 

al-bu'men. i. The white of an egg: composed 
largely of albumin, water, and salts. 2. A 
constituent principle, of essentially the same 
character as albumen (def. i), found in the animal 
and vegetable kingdoms. [< L. al'bus white.] 
al-bu-mim'e-ter. = Albuminometer. 
al-bu'min. i. = Albumen. 2. The proteins of 
white of egg. 3. Any member of the group of 
albumins proper, as distinguished from globulins, 
peptones, etc., of which egg^albumin (A. o'visic'- 
cum) and serumsalbumin {A. e. san'guine) are 
types: they are characteristically soluble in 
water and in dilute acid or alkali, coagulated 
by heat, and precipitated from solution by 
saturation with ammonium sulphate but not 
magnesium sulphate or sodium chloride unless 
the solution is acidified. 4. = Protein, def. 2. 
An increasingly large number of medicinal prep¬ 
arations are prepared from albumin, as silver 
albuminate and iodine albuminate. Varieties 
of albumin are Acid, Alkali, Bence=Jones’s, 
Bloods (== serums). Circulating, Derived, 
Eggs, Floating (= circulating). Muscles, Na¬ 
tive, and Serum*. A. fixative, a preparation of 


equal parts of white of egg and glycerin: used 
to attach sections to the glass slide in staining 
and mounting. 

al-bu'mi-nate. A compound of albumin and a 
base, as A. of mercury, r®* Metaprotein. 
al-bu’mi-na-tu'ri a. The presence of an excessive 
amount of albuminates in the urine, 
al-bu-mi-nif'e-rous. Producing albumin, 
al-bu-mi-nim'e-ter. = Albu.minometer. 
mi-nim'e-try. 

al-bu-mi-nip'a-rous. Producing albumin, 
al-bu-min-i-za'tion. Conversion into albumin. 
al-bu‘mi-no-fi'bri-nous. Containing albumin and 
fibrin. 

al-bu'mi-noid. i. Any one of various compounds, 

such as COLLAGEN, ELASTIN, GELATIN, KERATIN, 
MUCIN, NEUROKERATIN, NUCLEIN, and RETICU- 

LiN, which resemble albumin. 2. Proteinaceous. 
^ Protein. A. ammonia, ammonia in combina¬ 
tion in polluted water: separated by the distilla¬ 
tion of the water with an alkali. A. degeneration 

= AMYLOID DEGENERATION. 

al-bu-mi-nom'e-ter. A device for measuring or 
estimating the proportion of albumin in any 
liquid; leucomatometer. tm - Esbach’s test. 
fal-bu-mi-nom'e-try. 

al-bu'mi-none. A .substance prepared from an 
albuminoid; peptone. 

al-bu’mi-nor-rhce'a. Excessive excretion of albu¬ 
min from the body; albuminuria. 
al-bu'mi-nose. =Albumose. 

al-bu-mi-no'sis. An excess of albuminous constit¬ 
uents in the system. 

al-bu'mi-nous. Containing or resembling albumin, 
as the A. expectoration of pleurisy. A. degenera¬ 
tion = amyloid degeneration. a. gland, a 
gland, as the parotid gland, in which the alveolar 
epithelia secrete matter containing albumin. A. 
nephritis = nephritis albuminosa. A. sarcoma, 
a myeloid sarcoma. 

al-*bu'mi-nu-ret'ic. Causing albuminuria, as a drug, 
al-bu-mi-nu'ri a. An albuminous state of the 
urine, the variety of albumin being serum=albu- 
MiN or serumsGLobulin. It is seen in many 
diseases, and may be due to abnormal increase 
of bloods pressure in the kidneys or to transfor¬ 
mation or innervation of the vascular walls, espe¬ 
cially in parenchymatous inflammations of the 
kidneys. ^ Nephritis. Among the varieties 
of albuminuria are Accidental, Cardiac, Col¬ 
liquative, Cyclic, Dietetic, False, Febrile, 
Functional (= cyclic). Gouty, Hematogen¬ 
ous, Intermittent (= cyclic). Mixed, Nephro¬ 
genic, Neurotic, Orthostatic, Physiological 
or paroxysmal (= cyclic). Postural (= ortho¬ 
static), Temporary, and True, Bright’s 
DISEASE. A. of adolescence = CYCLIC albumi¬ 
nuria. [< L. a/bu'men-foypop urine.] fal-bu-mi- 
nu'ric, as A. amaurosis, amaurosis: A. ulcera¬ 
tion, an ulceration of the bowels seen in cases of 
contracted kidneys: and A. retinitis = retinitis 
albuminurica. 

al'bu-moid. An insoluble substance found in the 
crystalline lens and in cartilage, 
al-bu-mo-sae'mi a. The presence of albumose in 
the blood. 

al-bu'mo-scope. An instrument for determining the 
presence of albumin in fluids, 
al'bu-mose. A proteose produced from proteids 
during digestion and later on converted into 
peptones. It differs from albumin in not being 
coagulable by heat. ^ Anti*albumose; deu- 


ALBUMOSURIA 


31 


ALCOPHYRE 


tero*albumose; dysalbumose; hemisalbumosb; 

HETEROsALBUMOSE ; PROTALBUMOSE. 

al-bu-mo-su'ri a. The presence of albumose in 
the urine: seen in cancer of the stomach, certain 
bone diseases, etc. When the albilmose arises 
from disintegration of proteids in the bladder, it 
is known as vesical a.: in the digestive tract, 
especially in ulceration, as digestion a.: in direct 
absorption of disintegrating pus, as enterogenic 
or pyogenic a.: and in the liver, as in acute yellow 
atrophy, as hepatogenic a. When associated with 
albuminuria, it is a. e^Kahler’s disease; 

MYELOPATHIC ALBUMOSURIA; PEPTONURIA. 

aTca-hest, al-can'a, al-cap'tone, al-cap-to-nu'ri a. = 

Alkahest, alkanna, alkaptone, alkaptonuria. 

al-car'nose. A proprietary maltose, with albumoses. 

al'ca-rome. An aromatic base for liquids, prepared 
from cardamom seeds, coriander, oil of cassia, and 
magnesium carbonate digested in alcohol. 

Alchemil'la arven'sis. A rosaceous herb; break¬ 
stone; parsley =piert: used in urinary diseases. A. 
vulga'ris of Europe is astringent: used in diarrhoea. 

al'che-my. A chimerical art which proposed to 
effect the transmutation of 
metals and prepare a uni¬ 
versal remedy with rejuvena¬ 
tion. [< L. alche'mia or al- 
chym'ia, supposed fr. Arab. 
al the -f a melting or 

pouring.] f^l^cbe-mist. 

ATcock’s canal. A fibrous 
sheath within the obturator 
fascia enclosing the internal 
pudic vessels and the accom¬ 
panying nerve. 

al'co-hol*, al'ko-hol. i. The 

pure spirit of wine, ethyl alco¬ 
hol or ethyl hydrate, CgH-OH, 

obtained by distillation from all liquids which 
have undergone vinous fermentation. e^Cologne 
spirits; methyl alcohol. When it contains 
about an equal weight of water, it is termed proof 
spirit. The first product of distillation is techni¬ 
cally called low wines, and is again subjected to dis¬ 
tillation. The latter portions of what comes over 
are called feints, and are reserved for a further 
process in the wash^still. The second product is 
termed raw spirit, and when again distilled is 
called rectified spirit. The strongest alcohol which 
can be produced is termed absolute alcohol, or 
anhydrous alcohol, to denote its entire freedom 
from water, Denatured alcohol; spiritus 
FRUMENTI*. 2. The U. vS. P. name for a liquid 
composed of about 92.3% by weight (94.9% by 
volume) of absolute ethyl alcohol, and 7.7% by 
weight of water. For medicinal purposes it must 
be free from methyl alcohol. Alcohol is used 
internally as a heart stimulant in diseases a.sso- 
ciated with debility or depression of the system 
as typhoid and typhus fevers, diphtheria, etc., 
generally in the form of wines or spirits. Locally, 
alcohol is antiseptic and astringent, and is used 
in the preservation of anatomical and biological 
preparations. It is also universally used in the 
making of tinctures, fluid ^extracts, etc. 3. A 
general name for organic hydrates, compounds 
derived from hydrocarbons by replacing hydro¬ 
gen by the group hydroxyl (OH). A. absolu'- 
tum*, absolute alcohol, ethyl alcohol, which con¬ 
tains not more than 1% by weight of water; 
applied to herpes zoster it relieves pain. A. 
amyl'icum, amylic alcohol, a name for fusel oil. 



an oily, nearly colorless liquid, having a strong, 
offensive odor and an acrid, burning taste. It 
is an active irritant poison. Fusel oil. A. 
' bath, a bath of dilute alcohol: used to reduce 
temperature in fever. A. deodora'tum, the 1890 
U. S. P. name for deodorized alcohol, a liquid 
composed of 92.5% by weight of ethyl alcohol and 
7-5% by weight of water. A. dilu'tum*, diluted 
alcohol, a liquid composed of about 41.5% by 
weight (48.9% by volume) of absolute ethyl 
alcohol and about 58.5% by weight of water. 
A. ethyl'icum, the B. P. name for A. absolutum*. 
A. thermometer, ^thermometer. [< Arab, al 
the -f kohol an impalpable powder, something 
very subtle.] 

al'co-hol-ate. i. Any one of a class of medicines 
which differ from alcoholic tinctures, in the 
mode of preparation, which consists in impreg¬ 
nating the alcohol with medicinal principles, first 
by maceration and then by distillation. 2. A 
chemical compound in which hydrogen of the 
hydroxyl of an alcohol is replaced by a base. 

[< ALCOHOL.] 

al-co-hol'a-ture. An alcoholic tincture, 
al-co-hol'ic. Pertaining to alcohol. A. amblyopia, 
tar AMBLYOPIA. A. ataxia, a condition resembling 
locomotor ataxia, due to excessive alcoholism. 
A. delirium, delirium tremens. A. extract, an ex¬ 
tract made by evaporating a tincture to dryness. 
A. eye=wash = SPIRITUS ophthalmicus. A. fer¬ 
mentation, fermentation associated with the for¬ 
mation of alcohol. A. insanity, insanity the result 
of chronic alcoholism. A. mania, mania a potu. 
A. meningitis, meningitis due to alcoholism. A. 
neuritis = NEURITIS alcoholica. A. neurosis, a 
neurosis due to alcoholism. A. paralysis (pseudo¬ 
paralysis), a form of paralysis (pseudoparalysis) 
due to chronic alcoholism; analogous to progres¬ 
sive paralysis and having a favorable prognosis. 
A. paraplegia, paraplegia due to alcoholism. 
Paraplegia a. specimen, an anatomical or 
zoological specimen preserved in alcohol. A. tinc¬ 
ture, a solution of a non*volatile or partially vola¬ 
tile medicinal substance in alcohol. ^ Tincture. 
al*co-hol-im'e-ter. = Alcoholometer. 
al'co-hol-ism. The various morbid phenomena re¬ 
sulting from an excessive indulgence in alcoholic 
drinks: termed acute, when it denotes ebriety, 
and the morbid condition is simply the direct and 
immediate result of the alcoholic stimulus upon 
the brain and nervous system; and chronic, when 
it is the result of repeated and longscontinued 
excesses, being then often attended with serious 
or even fatal deterioration of the tissues, such as 
fatty degeneration, cirrhosis of the kidneys, liver, 
etc. ^Anstie’s test; dipsomania. 
al'co-hol-ize. To impregnate with or convert into 
alcohol. t^Pco-hol-i-za'tion. 
aPco-hol-o-ma'ni a. Insane craving for alcohol. 
al*co-hol-om'e-ter. An instrument for ascertaining 
the quantity of alcohol in any fluid. 
al‘co-hol-o-phil'i a. Strong craving or desire for in¬ 
toxicants. 

al'co-lene. A mixture of ethyl and methyl alcohols, 
alcoolat (al-co-6-la). A distilled spirit. [F.] 
alcoolature (al-co-o-la-tiir). An alcoholic tincture 
of a fresh plant. [F.] 

alcool6 (al-co-6-le). A liquid medicament result¬ 
ing from the action of alcohol upon various sub¬ 
stances ; an alcoholic tincture. [ F.] 
al'co-phyre. An alliuminoid substance, of doubtful 
composition, obtainable from fibrin. 





32 


ALGESIMETER 


ALCORNOQUE 

alcornoque (al-cor-no'ce). The bitter and tonic 
bark of Alcor'nea latifo'lia, growing in the West 
Indies and South America: by some regarded as 
a specific in phthisis. [Sp., “ corkstree.”] 
al-de-hy'dase. A hepatic ferment capable of oxi¬ 
dizing aldehydes into the corresponding acids, 
al'de-hyde. i. A generic term for a class of bodies 
intermediate between the alcohols and the acids 
derived from them by oxidation. Liquor 
FORMALDEHYDI *; PARALDEHYDUM*. Specially 

named varieties are Acetic ( = aldehyde, def. 
2), Anisic, Benzoic (= benzaldehyde). Cinna¬ 
mic, Formic ( = formaldehyde), Salicylic ( = 
salicylal). 2. The ordinary or acetic alde¬ 
hyde, CjH^O, a colorless liquid of a suffocating 
odor and readily absorbing oxygen from the at¬ 
mosphere. Aldehyde has anaesthetic and anti¬ 
putrescent properties. In small doses it quick¬ 
ens the respiration, but in large ones it depresses 
it. Locally, it is very irritating. A. collidine, 
collidine obtained by the distillation of aldehyde. 
[< al, the first syllable of alcohol + dehyde, fr. 
L. dehydrogena'tus deprived of hydrogen.] '\ei\- 
de-hy'dic, as A. acid = tAuvic acid. 
al-de-pal-mit'ic acid. An acid, CigH3o02, one of the 
constituents of butter, 
al'der. =Alnus. 

Al'der-man’s nerve. = Arnold’s nerve. 
al-do-hex'ose. j^Talose. 

al-dox'ime. A product of the union of an aldehyde 
with hydroxylamine. 

ale. The fermented infusion of paCle malted barley, 
usually combined with infusion of hops, 
a-lec'i-thal. Having no yolk: said of an ovum 
whose yolk is not gathered in a mass, but is dis¬ 
tributed through the ovum, as in the mammalia. 
[< a priv. -f- AeKido(; yolk.] 
a'le-gar. Vinegar made by fermenting ale. [< 
ale -f- vinegar.] 

a-lem'bic. A glass, metal, or earthenware utensil 
used in distillation. [< Arab, al + a cup.] 

a-lem'broth. Sal alembroth, the “salt of wisdom” 
of the alchemists, a compound of mercuric chlo¬ 
ride and sal ammoniac. [ Said to signify, in 
Chaldaic, the “ key to art or knowledge.”] 
A-lep'po boil, button, or sore. = Oriental sore. 
-ales. A suffix added to the stem of a genus name 
to form the name of an order: thus, Rosa'lcs, fr. 
Ro'sa. [HA mer. Code of Bot. Nomenclature.] 
a-lese'. =Aleze. 

Al'etris farino'sa. Star=grass or colic root, an her¬ 
baceous, haemodoraceous plant, a native of the 
United States. It is intensely bitter, and is used 
as a tonic, diuretic, and alterative. Dose of the 
fluidextract, 0.6 to 2 Cc. (10 to 30 mins.). The 
extractive al'e-trin obtained from it is used in 
doses of 0.06 to 0.2 Gm. (i to 3 grs.). 
a-leu*co-cy-to'sis. Decreased or insufficient leuco- 
cytosis. [< a priv. + leucocytosis.] 
a-leu-kae'mi a, a-leu-ce'mi a, a-leu-cae'mi a. De¬ 
ficiency of white corpuscles in the blood. [ < a 
priv. + ^levKog white -f al/aa blood.] f^iAeu-kae'- 
mic, as A. leukcemic. 

Aleuri'tes trilo'ba. A small euphorbiaceous tree, 
furnishing a cathartic oil; candlenut=tree. Dose, 
15 to 30 Cc. to I fl. oz.). 
a-leu-rom'e-ter, a-leu'ro-scope. An instrument for 
testing the value of flour for bread=making. 
a-leu'ro-nat. A proprietary albumin used in the 
preparation of bread for diabetics, 
a-leu'rone. i. Wheat flour. 2. = Protein gran¬ 
ules. [< alevpov flour.] 


a-lex-an'der-ism. The insane belief that one is a 
great conqueror, isr Megalomania. 
A-lex-an'der’s or A-lex-an'dersAd'ams’s operation. 
The shortening of the round ligaments to rectify 
uterine displacement: suggested by A. in 1882 
but performed by Alquie in 1840. 
a-lex-e-ter'ic. = Alexipharmac. 
a-lex'i a. A form of aphasia in which the patient is 
unable to recognize written or printed characters 
or to lead aloud correctly. It is due to a kind of 
psychical blindness, usually following lesion in 
the lingual lobe or fusiform lobules. is-Aphasia. 
Motor a., inability to read aloud written or print¬ 
ed matter, though its meaning is understood. 
Musical a., inability to read music. Optical a., in¬ 
ability to comprehend written or printed words. 
[< a priv. -f- a speaking.] 

a-lex'in. i. Any principle that accompanies a path¬ 
ogenic celLgrowth and is antagonistic to its evil 
effects; a defensive proteid. 2. Any albuminous 
preparation used for protective inoculation. 3. 
Buchner’s term for a substance existing in nor¬ 
mal serum which permits it to dissolve the red 
bloodscells of certain other species of animals 
(globulicidal property) and many species of bac¬ 
teria (bactericidal property). According to Ehr¬ 
lich this requires an interbody and a complement, 
the latter being Buchner’s alfexin. [< dXe^eiv to 
ward off.] fa-lex'ic. 

a-lex-i-phar'mac,-mic. Antipharmac; neutralizing 
the effects of poison, as a medicine; antidote, 
a-lex’i-py-ret'ic. Driving off fevers; febrifuge. [< 
d?J^eiv to ward off + TcvpeTdq a fever.] 
a-lex-i-ter'ic. Warding off poison, especially an ex¬ 
ternal poison. [< a'ke^T]T7]pLoq able to defend.] 
a-lex'o-cyte. A protective cell of the animal or¬ 
ganism secreting alexins or antitoxins, 
a-leze', a-lese'. A cloth folded several times in 
order to protect the bed from discharges of 
blood, etc. [< F. d I'aise tending to comfort.] 
al-fal'fa. The plant Medica'go sati'va, or lucerne: 

useful in emollient cataplasms. [Sp.] 
al-for'min. A proprietary disinfectant, consisting 
of free formic acid and aluminum formate. 

Al'gae. The chlorophylLcontaining Thallophytes, 
the chlorophylLfree group being the Fungi. 
They include the desmids, diatoms, confervae, 

‘ most of the seaweeds, etc., and are mostly 
aquatic, some of them floating on the surface 
of the sea. [ L., pi. of al'ga a seaweed.] 
al-gaes-the'sis, al-ges-the'sis. A painful sensation. 

[< dTiyog pain -I- alod/jaig perception.] 
al'ga-roth. Antimony oxychloride in the form of a 
white powder. [<Algarotti, a Veronese physician.] 
al-ge'do. Violent pain about the urethra, testes, 
bladder, perineum, and anus, caused by sudden 
stoppage of severe gonorrhoea. [< a?,yr/6c)v pain.] 
al-ge-fa'cient. Refrigerant or cooling, as a drug. 

[< L. alge're to be cold -I- fa'cere to make.] 
al-gein-u-re'sis. Painful urination, 
al-ge-os'co-py. ==Cryoscopy. 
al-ge'si a. Pain; sensitiveness; hyperaesthesia. 

^Analgesia. [< dlyTjGiq.] 
al-ge*si-chro-nom'e-ter. A device for measuring 
the time required for a painful impression to 
awaken a response from the nerve scent res. [ < 
alyriaiq pa.m+xpovog time +p£Tpov measure.] 
al-ge-sim'e-ter. A device for estimating the degree 
of cutaneous sensibility. Some of the bests 
known varieties are those of Bjornstrom, Boas, 
and Reik. Bar^sthesiometer. [< a^yr/mg 
pain -f- phpov measure.] 


ALGESTHESIS 


33 


ALKALI 


al-ges-the'sis. = Alg^sthesis. 
al-get'ic. Painful or causing pain. 

-algia. A suffix denoting pain in part indicated by 
the first of the word, as gastralgia and myalgia 
[< d/iyof pain.] 

al'gid. Chilled with cold. A. cholera, Asiatic 
cholera: so called from its characteristic lower¬ 
ing of temperature. A. fever, a form of intermit¬ 
tent fever marked by coldness of the surface of 
the body. A. stage, a period of disease, especi¬ 
ally when accompanied by profuse intestinal dis¬ 
charge, during which the temperature is lowered, 
the circulation feeble, etc. [< L. al'gidus, fr. al- 
ge're to be cold.] fal-gid'i-ty, a condition of 
coldness, al'gid-ness. 

al'gin, al-gin'ic acid. A substance obtained from 
algae: used as a substitute for gum arabic. 
al-gi-nu-re'sis. Painful urination. 
al*gi-o-mo'tor. Producing painful movements. 
al*gi-o-mus'cu-lar. Producing painful muscular 
movements. 

al-gi'ron. A compound of algin and iron. 
al*go-ge-ne'si a. A condition in which pain is pro¬ 
duced by the memory or sight of pain, 
al-go-gen'ic, al*go-ge-net'ic. i. Causing pain, es¬ 
pecially neuralgic pain. [< aXyoq pain-f ye wav 
to generate.] 2. Reducing the temperature of 
the body. [ < L. alge're to be cold.] 
al-go-gen'in. A substance which causes a fall of 
temperature upon injection into animals. It is 
obtained from fermented animal matter, 
al'goid cells. Cells resembling A I'gee, seen in cases 
of chronic diarrhoea. 

al-go-lag'ni a. Sexual perversion in which the pain 
experienced and pain inflicted play a part. i^Mas- 
ochism; sadism. [< aAyof pain 4- Xayvela lust.] 
al-gom'e-ter. A device for estimating, by electric 
or other test, the sensitiveness of a part to pain. 
[< aAyog pain + /uerpov measure.] fal-gom'e-try. 
al-go-phil'i a, al-goph'i-ly. A form of sexual per¬ 
version marked by the desire to experience pain. 

Masochism. [< aXyog pain -f- to love.] 

al-go-pho'bi a. Morbid fear of pain, 
al’go-psy-chal'i a. Melancholia with hallucinations 
of sound and sight, causing fear, despair, and sui¬ 
cidal inclination. [< akyo<; pain -t- ■^vxn mind.] 
al'gor. The sense of coldness in the onset of fever; 
chilliness. ^ Rigor. A. progressi'vus = sclere¬ 
ma NEONATORUM. [L., fr. alge're to be cold.] 
al-gos'co-py. =CRYoscopy. 

al-go'sis. Disease caused by the presence of A I'gee 
in the body. [< L. al'ga sea^weed.] 
al'go-spasm. A painful spasm; a cramp. 

Al'i-bert’s keloid. True cheloid. 
al-i-bil'i-ty. The susceptibility of a substance to as¬ 
similation by the organism. [< L. alib'ilis, fr. 
a'lere to nourish.] fal'i-ble, nutritious, 
al'i-ces. Spots on the skin preceding the eruption 
of smallpox. [< aXiKeg spelt ^grains.] 
aliena'tio men'tis. = Alienation of the mind. 
a-li-en-a'tion. Any species of derangement or wan¬ 
dering of the mind. A. of the mind, insanity, as 
distinct from derangements symptomatic of some 
other disease, as delirium, etc. [< L. aliena'tio.^ 
a'li-en-ist. A physician who treats mental aliena¬ 
tion. Psychiater, fa'll-en-ism, the profes¬ 

sional study and treatment of mental disorders, 
al'i-form. Wing*shaped. A. muscles, the ptery¬ 
goid muscles. A. process, the greater wing of the 
sphenoid bone. [< L. a'la wing -b for'ma form.] 
al'i-ment. That which affords nourishment. A com¬ 
plete or perfect aliment contains all the constitu- 
3 


ent or essential elements of the tissues. [< L. 
alimen'tum, fr. a'lere to nourish.] fal-i-men'tal. 
aUi-men'ta-ry. Pertaining to aliment; nourishing. 

A. bolus, the soft mass of food made ready, by 
mastication and insalivation, for swallowing. A. 
canal, the entire passage (from the mouth to 
the anus) through which the aliment or food 
passes. A. duct. i. The thoracic duct. 2. The 
alimentary canal. A. system, the alimentary tract 
together with all the organs concerned in diges¬ 
tion. [ < L. alimenta'rius, fr. a'lere to nourish.] 
al*i-men-ta'tion. The act of taking or receiving 
nourishment, Artificial feeding; medical 
A.; RECTAL A. [ < L. alimen'tum nourishment.] 
fal-i-men'ta-tive, pertaining to alimentation. 
al*i-men-to-ther'a-py. Treatment by systematic 
feeding or dieting. ^Mitchell’s treatment. 
al-i-na'sal. Relating to the ala nasi, or wing of the 
nose. [< L. a'la wing -b na'sus nose.] 
a-line'ment, a-lign'ment. In dentistry, the adjust¬ 
ment line. 

al-in-jec'tion. Injection of anatomical specimens 
with alcohol. [< Alcohol -b injection.] 
al-i-pae'nos, -nus. r. A very lean person. 2. A 
dry external remedy, as a powder. [ < a priv. -b 
'AnratveLv to make fat.] 

al-i-pas'ma. A powder to be mixed with oil and 
used as an ointment. [< aAeixpeiv to anoint -f 
Tcdafia a sprinkling.] 

al-i-phat'ic. Fatty. A. acids = fatty acids. A. 
series, one of the divisions into which the ami- 
nosacids are divided. ^ Alkyl. [<C dAec(j)ap iat.] 
a-lip'tic. Pertaining to inunction. [ < dAei^eiv to 
anoint.] 

Alis'ma planta'go. Watersplantain, a medicinal 
plant of the United States and Europe: its rube¬ 
facient leaves are used in gravel. Dose, 4 Gm. (i 
dr.). Its bitter extractive, a-lis'min, is used in 
epilepsy, chorea, etc. 

al-i-sphe'noid, al-i-sphe-noi'dal. i. A bone in the 
base of the skull of many vertebrates, represented 
in man by the great wing and the external ptery¬ 
goid process of the sphenoid bone. 2. Relating 
to the great wing of the sphenoid bone. A. area, 
the surface of the great wing of the sphenoid. [ < 

L. a'la wing 4 - sphenoid.] 
a'lix. The singular of Alices. 
al-i-za'ric acid. =Naphthalic acid. 
a-liz'a-rin or al-i-za'rin. i. A coloringsmatter, 
Cj^HgO^, extracted from madder (Ru'bia tincto'- 
ria, called in France alizari). 2. Products ob¬ 
tained from coaUtar or anthracene: used as stains. 

A. black = NAPHTHAZARiNE. A. green = c^RU- 
LEiN. [ < Arab. aUacara an expressed juice.] 
al-ka-der'mic. Containing an alkaloid for hypo¬ 
dermic medication. 

al'ka-hest. The pretended universal solvent or 
menstruum of the ancient chemists; alcahest. 
al-ka-les'cent. Having slightly alkaline qualities; 
becoming alkaline. [ < L. alkales'cens, fr. al'kali.] 

fal-ka-les'cence. 

al'ka-li, pi. -lies. Any one of an important class of 
stable, univalent chemical bases, or oxides or 
hydroxides of t,he metals, which are easily sol- • 
uble in water, form soluble salts, form soap with 
oil or fat, show a marked alkaline reaction with 
litmus or other indicators, have a decidedly caus¬ 
tic action, and include potash, soda, lithia, the 
oxides of caesium and rubidium, and ammonia. 

Caustic a.; fixed a.; mineral a.; vegeta¬ 
ble a.; VOLATILE A. A. albumin, albumin which 
has been acted upon by alkalies. A. albuminate. 


ALKALIMETRY 


34 


ALLEOSIS 


I. A product of the action of an alkali on an 
albuminoid. 2 ' A gelatinous mass obtained by 
the action of strong potassium hydrate solu¬ 
tion upon egg albumin; Lieberkiihn’s alkali al¬ 
buminate. A. metals, lithium, potassium, sodi¬ 
um, etc.: so called because their hydrates and 
oxides are true alkalies. [ < Arab, al the -j- ka'li 
the plant from which soda was first obtained.] 
fal-ka-li-fi'a-ble. 

al-ka-lim'e-try. The process of determining the 
amount of free alkali in various substances. [ < 
Alkali jueTpsiv to measure.] fal-ka-lirn'e-ter. 
al'ka-line. Having the properties of an alkali. A. 
air, free ammonia. A. bath, a bath containing 
potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate. It is 
used in squamous skin diseases and lithaemia. A. 
earth, any chemical earth with alkaline proper¬ 
ties, such as lime, magnesia, baryta, and strontia. 
A. reaction, the reaction in which red litmus 
paper is turned blue by alkalies. A. salt = basic 
SALT. A. tide, the temporary alkalinity of the 
urine during digestion due to decrease in the 
secretion of acid salts by the kidneys, from in¬ 
creased acid secretion in the stomach. t^Acin 
TIDE. [K alkali'nus, ir. al'kali.] fa-l-ka-lin'i-ty, 
the peculiar properties of an alkali, 
ahka-li-nu'ri a. An alkaline state of the urine, 
al-ka-lith'i a. A proprietary antirheumatic, con¬ 
taining caffeine, lithium carbonate, and the 
bicarbonates of sodium and potassium, 
al-ka-li-za'tion. The act of imparting alkaline 
qualities. 

al'ka-loid. i. Resembling an alkali. 2. Any alka¬ 
line principle found in vegetables; an alkaline 
substance containing nitrogen, formed in the tis¬ 
sues of a plant or an animal, having a definite 
composition as regards the proportion of its 
chemical elements, and capable of combining 
with acids to form salts. Morphine, quinine, 
caffeine, nicotine, atropine, coniine, and strych¬ 
nine are alkaloids. The majority of alkaloids 
are formed by plants. They are mostly solid, 
crystallizable substances, except nicotine, the 
active principle of tobacco, and coniine, the 
active principle of conium. These are liquid and 
volatile; both are powerful poisons, Animal 
A. ; ARTIFICIAL A.; PTOMAINE (cadaveHc or putre¬ 
factive a.). [< Alkali -t-eldoc" form.] fal-ka- 

loi'dal, as A. medicine, a medicine the constitu¬ 
ents of which are principally alkaloids, or treat¬ 
ment by such medicines. 

al-ka-lom'e-try. Administration of alkaloids by 
dosimetric principles, 
al-ka-lu'ri a. = Alkalinuria. 

al'ka-net. The root of Alkan'na (Anchu'sa) tinc- 
to'ria. A. paper, a test-paper made by soaking 
paper in a tincture of alkanet. [ < Arab, al'ka- 
nah a reed.] 

al-kan'na, al-can'a. The name of the root and 
leaves of Lawso'nia iner'mis, a plant employed 
in the East for dyeing the nails, teeth, hair, gar¬ 
ments, etc. Henna. [Arab.] 
al-kan'nin, al-kan'in. =Anchusin. 
al-kap'tone. A nitrogenous compound of homo- 
gentisin and uroleucinic acid having some of 
the reactions of glucose and present in the 
urine (al-kap-to-nu'ri a) in certain conditions of 
disease, as pulmonary tuberculosis; pyrocate- 
chinsulphonic acid. Urine containing it turns 
dark on standing or upon the addition of an alkali, 
il-kar'sin. An exceedingly poisonous .and ill* 
smelling liquid; the protoxide of cacodyl; 


Cadet’s fuming liquid. The action of water con¬ 
verts it into al-kar'gen. 

al'ka-sal, al'ka-sol. An antiseptic compound of 
aluminum-potassium salicylate, 
al-ka-threp'ta. A homoeopathic preparation of 
cacao. 

al-ka-ver'din. The coloring=matter of the purple 
pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea), turned 
deep green by alkali and decolored by acids, 
forming a more delicate indicator than litmus, 
ai-ke-ken'gi. Winter-cherry, the fruit of Phys'alis 
alkeken'gi: used in nephritis, ascites, etc. [Arab.] 
al'kyl. Any hydrocarbon radical of the form 
C^HgQ-f-i, as METHYL, fal'ky-lene, a radical of 
the form C^Hoq, as ethylene. 
al-lach-aes-the'si a. A condition in which there is 
transference of sensation to a place different from 
the point of touch or irritation but on the same 
side of the body, Allochiria. [< aXkaxv 
in another place + aioQrjaLC, sensation.] 
al-laes-the'si a. =Allochiria. [< dA/iof other -f 
alodrjaiq sensation.] 

Allaman'da cathar'tica. An apocynaceous shrub of 
Porto Rico. The extract from its bark is a 
hydragogue cathartic. Dose, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.). 
al-lan-ti'a-sis. Poisoning due to badly*prepared 
or ill-kept sausages; sausage poisoning; botulis- 
mus; botulism. It is marked by vertigo, colic, 
diarrhoea, and vomiting, and is often fatal. 
[< aXAdg sausage.] 

al-lan-to'ate. A salt of allantoic acid, 
al-lan-to'ic. Belonging to the allantois or allan- 
toin. A. acid, an acid, C4HgN404, obtained from 
allantoin. A. artery = umbilical artery. A. 
circulation, the circulation in the foetus through 
the allantoic arteries and veins. A. fluid, the 
fluid contained in the allantois. A. sac = allan¬ 
tois. A. stalk = abdominal stalk. A. vein = 

UMBILICAL VEIN. A. VCSicle = ALLANTOIS. 

al-lan'toid. Resembling a sausage. A. membrane 
(sac) = ALLANTOIS. [< dX/idg sausage.] 
al-lan'to in. A substance, C^HgN^Og, the nitroge¬ 
nous constituent of the urine of the foetus of the 
cow or formed by the oxidation of uric acid: 
found in infantile urine, and rarely in the urine of 
adults in certain diseased conditions. i^U Ric as e. 
al-lan'to is. A sac which in early fetal life grows 
out from the hind-gut of the embryo. It is es¬ 
sentially a projection of the splanchnopleure into 
the pleuroperitoneal cavity, and has two layers, 
a mesoblastic and a hypoblastic. The stalk con¬ 
necting it with the foetus aids in forming the 
umbilical cord; the persistent and dilated part 
of the tube within the foetus develops into the 
bladder, the atrophic portion into the urachus. 
[ < a^/ldf sausage + eidog form.] 
al-lan-to-tox'i-con, -cum. A poison developed in 
putrid sausages made of blood and liver. [ < aAAac 
sausage + to^ikov poison.] 

Al'lar-ton’s operation. A method of lithotomy in 
which an incision is made through the perineum 
and the membranous portion of the urethra. A 
ball*pointed probe is then inserted through this 
opening and the pro static portion of the urethra, 
as a guide for the finger. The prostate and the 
neck of the bladder are thus dilated so as to allow 
the passage of the forceps, 
al-len'the-sis. The penetration of the organism by 
a foreign body, or the presence of such a body 
within the organism. [ < dXkoq other 4- evOeaig a 
putting in.] 

al-le-o'sis. =Allceosis. 


ALLERGIA 


35 


ALLOTRI- 


a, al'ler-gy. A term coined by C. von Pirquet 
to express the altered condition of the body which 
occurs after it has passed through an infection 
from some extraneous material, such as a virus 
or cells or their derivatives whether introduced as 
a disease or in the form of an antigen for immu¬ 
nizing purposes. It includes the conceptions of 
both IMMUNITY and anaphylaxis, Antigens. 
[< aXkoq other-I- epyov work. ^ M. m. W. ’o6.] 
fal-ler'gen, the anaphylactic antibody. [T[ J. M. 
R., ’lo.] 

al-le-vi-a'tion. Mitigation or relief, as of pain. [ < 
L. ad to + le'vis light.] tal~le'’vi-a-tive, tending 
to assuage or relieve, as a drug, 
al-le'vi-a-tor. An apparatus by which a patient 
may be lifted from bed. 
al'lex. The great toe; hallux. [ L.] 
al-li-a'ceous. Of the nature of or resembling garlic. 
Allia'ria oflBcina'lis. Hedge garlic, a cruciferous plant 
of England: said to be diuretic and diaphoretic, 
and externally applied to gangrenous patches, 
al'li-ga-tor forceps. A form of strong*toothed 
forceps, marked by a double lever. 

Al'ling-ham’s ulcer. Fissure of the anus. 
Al'ling-ham’s (H.) operation. An incision parallel 
with the outer third of and pbout \ in. above 
Poupart’s ligament: for inguinal colotomy. 
AFlis’s inhaler. An apparatus for the drop method 
of administering an 
anaesthetic mixed 
with air. A.’s method, 
a method of fixation 
after forcible exten¬ 
sion for treating con¬ 
genital dislocation of 
the hip. A.’s sign, re¬ 
laxation of the fascia 
lying between the 
trochanter major and 
the crest of the ilium: 
seen in fracture of 
the head of the fe- 

Allis’s Inhaler. 

al-lit-e-ra'tion. D y s - 

phrasia in which the words are arranged according 
to sound. 

Al'lium. I. A genus of liliaceous plants. 2. The 
1890 U.S.P. name forthe bulb of Al'lium sati'vum, 
or garlic. It is antispasmodic, diuretic, and stim¬ 
ulant. Dose, I to 4 Gm. (15 to 60 grs.). c^Syr- 
upus ALLii. A. ce'pa, the common onion. A. 
por'rum, the common leek: oil is used medicinally, 
al-losaes-the'si a. The erroneous localization of cu¬ 
taneous stimuli. Allach.esthesia; allochi- 
RiA. [< aXXog other + .^sthesia.] 
al-lo-caf'fe-ine. A white crystalline substance, 
CgH.jN305, derived from caffeine, 
al-lo-che'zi a, -che'ti a. The passage of non^fecal 
matter by the anus, or the discharge of faeces 
through an outlet either abnormal or not normal¬ 
ly a place of exit for fecal passages. [< aAAof 
other -f to defecate.] 

al-lo-chi'ri a, al-lo-chei'ri a. A defect in localiza¬ 
tion whereby a cutaneous stimulus is referred to 
the corresponding contralateral point. Alla- 
CH/ESTHESiA. [< aXkoQ other + x^'^P hand.] fal- 
lo-chi'ral, denoting reversed symmetry, 
al-lo-chro'ic. Changing color. [ < aXkog other -f 
XP^a color.] 

aldo-ci-ne'si a. A disordered state in which the 
patient, often hysterical, performs a movement 
on the opposite side of the body to that directed. 


[< akkog other + k'lvtjgk; movement.] fal-lo-ci- 
net'ic, -ki-net'ic, not automatic, 
al-lce-o-pa'thic. The hippocratic method of treat¬ 
ing disease by medicines differing in their thera¬ 
peutic activity from the disease which they are 
used to heal. [_% Behring.] 
al-loe-o'sis. A constitutional change. [< akkoLovv 
to alter.] fal-loe-ot'ic. 

al-lo-go-tro'phi a. A state in which one part of the 
body is nourished at the cost of another, 
al-lo-la'li a. i. Any disturbance of speech. 2. 
The saying of one thing and meaning of 
another; heterophemy. [< akko^ other -f kakelv 
to speak.] 

al-lo-mor-pho'sis. = Metamorphosis. 
allongement (al-lonzh-moh). Elongation, especially 
of a uterine tumor to enable its extraction. [F.] 
al-lop'a-thy, al-loe-op'a-thy. The curing of a dis¬ 
eased action by inducing a different kind of ac¬ 
tion, yet not necessarily a diseased one. The 
term was applied by Hahnemann to the regular 
school of practice as distinguished from homoeop¬ 
athy. [ < dAZof other + Trddog affection.] 
lo-path, al-lop'a-thist. al-lo-path'ic. 
al-lo-phan-am'ide. = Biuret. 

al-io-pha'nic acid. A non^poisonous acid, C2H4N2O3: 
used in combination to render disagreeable 
medicines pleasant, to convert certain liquids 
into the crystalline state, etc. [T[ Berl. klin. W. ij. 
’08.] 

al-loph'a-sis. Delirious and incoherent speech. [< 
dkkog other + (pdaig speech.] 
al-lo-psy-cho'sis. Mental disorder marked by hallu¬ 
cinations and illusions, i.e., disturbance of the ex¬ 
ternal perceptive powers, but no disorder of the 
motor powers, as speech and action, or of somatic 
sensation. 

al-lor-rhyth'mi a. Irregularity of the heart’s ac¬ 
tion, as indicated by a regular number of 
pulse=beats followed by a longer pause or 
alternately long and short beats, Arrhyth¬ 
mia. {<dkkog other + pvdjidg rhythm, pulse.] 
fal-lor-rhyth'mic. 

al-los-te-a-to'des. Some alteration in the sebaceous 
secretion. [<.dkkog other -j- areap suet.] 
al-lo-tox'in. A substance pioduced by tissue* 
changes within the body and acting as a de¬ 
stroyer of toxins that are poisonous to the body. 
[<Cdkkog other + toxin.] 

al-lot'ri-, al-lot'ri o-. Denoting strangeness or for¬ 
eignness: a combining form, [c^akkorpiog for¬ 
eign.] al-lot'risap-os-te'ma, an abscess contain¬ 
ing or due to the presence of a foreign body. — 
al-lot-risec'cri-sis = allotrio*eccrisis. — al-lot*- 
ri-o-che'zi a = allochezia. — al-lot-ri-o-don'ti a. 
I. The presence of teeth in an abnormal place 
(as in a tumor). 2. The insertion of teeth taken 
from the jaw of another.— al-lot-ri-osec'cri-sis, 
the discharge of foreign matters from the body 
along with the excretions.— al-lot’ri-o-geu'si a, 
perversion of the sense of taste or the hallucina¬ 
tion of tasting certain objects not present in the 
mouth: usually due to morbid conditions of the 
mouth, sometimes symptomatic of neurosis, 
cr- Ageusia; cacosmia. — al-lot'ri-o-lith, a cal¬ 
culus in an unusual position or composed of 
uncommon elements. — al-lot*ri-oph'a-gy, de¬ 
praved appetite, or desire for inedible food 
I®-Chthonophagia; coprophagy;malacia; pica; 
SCATOPHAGY. — al-lotTi-o-tex'is, an unnatural 
birth. — al-lot-risu'ri a, the passage of strange or 
unusual substances in the urine. 

















































ALONSENEL 


ALLOTROPHIC 36 

al-lo-troph'ic. Rendered innutritions by the di¬ 
gestive process. 

al-lot'ro-pism, al-lot'ro-py. The property possessed 
by certain elements of existing in two or more 
forms, in which they have different physical 
characteristics, as carbon, which occurs in the 
form of charcoal, the diamond, and plumbago. 

[ < al^og other -f Tporrog turn.] fal'lo-trope, an 
allotropic form, al-lo-trop'ic. 
al-lo-tryl'ic. Caused by the presence of foreign 
matter. [< dXXorpiog foreign -f matter.] 
al-lox-am'ide. A substance, C8H4N4O4, formed by 
the action of ammonia on alloxan, 
al-lox'an. A substance, C4H2N2O4, from the oxida¬ 
tion of uric acid by nitric acid. t 3 ^ 1 "lox-an'ic. 
al-lox-an'tin. A substance, C8H4N4O7, obtained by 
boiling and evaporating a concentrated solution 
of alloxan. 

al-lox'in. A derivative of cellsnuclei, as adenine 
and xanthine, which on oxidation yield uric acid, 
al-lox'ur (al-lox-u'ric) bases or bodies. Kruger and 
Wulff’s term for purin bodies or bases: because 
of their relation to alloxan and urea, 
al'lox-u-rae'mi a. Toxaemia due to the presence of 
alloxur bases in the blood, 
al-lox-u'ri a. The pathological presence of alloxur 
bodies in the urine. 

al-loy'. I. A combination or mixture of any two 
or more metals, except mercury. Amalgam. 

2. The least valuable of these metals. [< F. 

' aloyer to mix metals.] 
all'spice. = Pimenta*. 
al'lus. The great toe. [ L.] 

allyl. A univalent radical, CgHg, found in garlic 
and other plants. A. alcohol, CgH^O, found in 
crude wood=spirit and obtained by distilling glyc¬ 
erin with oxalic acid. A. aldehyde = acrolein. 

A. cyanamide or cyanide = sinamine. A. isothio¬ 
cyanate, rs" OLEUM siNAPis VOLATILE*. A. Sul¬ 
phide, a volatile oil, (03115)28, the active principle 
of garlic; thio^allylic ether: used as a stomachic, 
nervine, and antidiarrhoeic. Dose, 0.06 to 0.12 
Cc. (i to 2 mins.). A. sulphocarbamide, A. sul- 
phosurea = thiosinamine. A. thiocyanide, ^ 
siNAPOUs FERMENTATION. A. tribromide, thio¬ 
sinamine. A. thiosurea = THIOSINAMINE. [<L. 
al'lium garlic -i- principle.] 
al-lyl-am'in, al-lyl-am'ine. A liquid, NH2(C3H.), 
with a burning taste and an ammonia^like odor, 
derived from mustard oil. 

al'lyl-ene. A gaseous product, C3H4, having a 
strong odor and obtained in the distillation of 
coalstar; methylacetylene: readily inflammable 
and burning with a smoky flame, 
al-ma-te'in. A condensation product of haematox- 
ylin and formaldehyde: used as an antiseptic 
and vulnerary. Dose, 0.2 to 0.6 Gm. (3 to 10 grs.). 
Alm6n’s test (al-menz'). i. A test for the presence 
of blood in urine, made by adding fresh guaiacum 
tincture and ozonized ether (or oil of turpentine); 
Day’s test: a blue color indicates the presence of 
blood. 2. A test for albumin in urine, made by 
adding 2% alcoholic solution of tannin, producing 
cloudiness if albumin be present. 3. A delicate 
test for glucose in urine; Nylander’s test. Make 
a solution of 4 Gm. of Rochelle salt, dissolved in 
TOO Cc. of a 10% solution of sodium hydroxide 
and saturated with bismuth subnitrate (about 2 
Gm. are necessary). To the urine add volume 
of this reagent and boil the mixture from 2 to 5 
minutes. The formation of a black precipitate 
of metallic bismuth indicates glucose. 


almond (am'ond or al'mond). The fruit, either bit¬ 
ter or sweet, of Amyg'dalus commu'nts; anything 
resembling it. ^Amygdala. Bitter a. = amyg¬ 
dala AMARA*. A. bread, bread made from al¬ 
mond flour: used in diabetes. As. of the ear, 
the small, external glands near the ears. A.seyed, 
having eyes shaped like an almond: said of the 
Mongolian race. A. oil, oleum amygdala 

AMAR.E*; OLEUM AMYGDALA EXPRESSUM*. A. 

paste, a soft mass prepared from bitter almonds: 
used as a salve for lips, for chapped hands, etc. 
Sweet a. = amygdala dulcis*. As. of the 
throat, the tonsils. [< L. amyg'dala almond.] 
Al'nus. A genus of betulaceous trees; alder. 
Among the best known species of America are 
A. glutino'sa and A. serrula'ta. The leaves and 
bark are bitter and astringent, containing about 
20% tannin: a liquid extract locally applied in 
cancer has relieved pain and removed odor, fal'- 
nu-in, a crude precipitate or resinoid from various 
species of Al'nus. Dose, 0.34 Gm. (5 grs.). 
a-lo'chi a. Absence of the lochia. 

Al'o-e, gen. and pi. al'o-es. i. A genus of liliaceous 
plants containing aloinum*. 2. The U. S. P. name 
for the inspissated juice of the leaves of A. ve'ra, 
A. chinen'sis, A. perry' 
and other species of Al'- ^ 

oe; the A. barbaden'sis or 
A. socotri'na of the' 1890 ^jT 

U. S. P. Dose, 0.25 Gm. V y 

(4 grs.). A. barbaden'sis, i 

Barbadoes aloes, the 1890 
U. S. P. name for aloe*. 

A. purifica'ta*, purified 
aloes, aloes purified by 
dissolving in the propor- 

tion of 5 Gm. to i Cc. of v l| ^ 

alcohol, straining, and ,, — - i,,, 

evaporating by means of Aloe. 

a water=bath. ^Pilul.® 

ALOES*; EXTRACTUM COLOCYNTHIDIS COMPOSI- 
TUM*; PILUL.E ALOES ET FERRI*; PILUL.E 
ALOES ET MASTICHES*; PILULE ALOES ET MYR- 
RHiE*; PILULE RHEI COMPOSITiE*; TINCTURA 
ALOES*; TINCTURA ALOES ET MYRRHAE*; TINC¬ 
TURA BENzoiNi coMPosiTA*. Aloe has a charac¬ 
teristic odor, and an intensely bitter, nauseous 
taste. It is cathartic and stimulant, and is used 
in chronic constipation and in amenorrhoea. 
Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). A. socotri'na, socotrine 
aloes, the 1890 U. S. P. name for aloe*. [L.] 
al-o-e'da-ry. A compound aloetic purgative, 
aloes (al'oz). =Aloe*. A.=wood, a fragrant, re¬ 
sinous substance, from the interior of the trunk of 
Aquila'ria ova'ta2in6. A. agaVlochum. fal-o-et'ic, 
as A. acid, an amorphous substance, Ci4H4N40j5, 
obtained by the action of nitric acid on aloes, 
a-lo'gi a. Inability to speak, especially if due to 
defect of the intellect, Aphasia. t*i"lo'gous. 
a-lo-got'ro-phy. Morbid or excessive nutrition of 
any part; unequal nutrition of different parts, 
al'o-in, aloi'num*, a-lo'e-tin. A cathartic, neu¬ 
tral glucoside principle composed of carbon, hy¬ 
drogen, and oxygen, and varying more or less in 
chemical composition and physical properties, as 
in the varieties barbaloin, Curajao aloin, natal- 
oin, socaloin, and zanaloin. Laxative dose, 0.03 
Gm. (^ gr.); purgative dose, 0.13 Gm. (2 grs.). A. 
test, the red color given by occult blood with 
aloin and old turpentine. 

a-lon-se-nel'. A plant, Cowa'nia mexica'na, var. 
stansburia'na, of Utah: valued as a styptic. 



ALOPECIA 


37 


ALTRICIOUS 


a-lo-pe'ci a. The falling off of hair from any part 
of the body; baldness the effect of disease, and 
so distinct from calvities. A. area'ta or circum- 
scrip'ta, baldness appearing in sharply defined 
patches on the scalp or other hairy regions of the 
body ; area; area celsi. A. congen'ita, congenital 
lack of hair, ta-O ligotrichia. A. furfura'cea, 
a disease of the hair in which it becomes dry, 
brittle, and lustreless, with a tendency to fall 
out; pityriasis capitis. It is attended with the 
formation of dandruff. A. neurot'ica, alopecia 
from lack of nourishment due to lesion of the 
nerVous system. A. pityro'des, a disease of the 
hairy parts of the skin, marked by diminution in 
the length and number of the hairs, with the 
formation of hairslike scales. A. seni'lis (prae- 
seni'lis), alopecia caused by decrease of the cir¬ 
culation in the vessels of the skin. A. sim'plex, 
premature baldness. A. syphilit'ica, loss of hair 
due to syphilitic causes. A. un'guium, falling off 
of the nails, {cialcdirr]^ a fox, because that ani¬ 
mal is subject to loss of hair.] f^^l^o-pe-cist, a 
specialist in the treatment of alopecia. 

Alo'sa menha'den. ^Menhaden oil. 
a-lou'chi. =Aluchi. 

Alouette’s amputation or operation (al-ff-ets). Am¬ 
putation at the hipsjoint by the formation of 
a semicircular outer flap to the great trochanter 
and a large internal flap from within outward, 
al-pes'trine. Alpine, or pertaining to mountains, 
as A. disease. 

al'pha. The first letter of the Greek alphabet; a: 
when used as a combining form in chemistry, it 
denotes closely allied forms of compounds, some¬ 
what in the manner of ortho-, para-, and 

META-. asACTINIUM ; BETAsRADIUM. al-phas 

an'gle = angle alpha. — al-pha=dex'trin = ery- 
THRODEXTRiN. — al-pha=eu'caine, the trade name 
for the hydrochloride of benzoylmethyloxypiperi- 
dinecarbonic methyl ester. Used as a substitute 
for cocaine in surgery except upon the eye, where 
BETAsEUCAiNE is to be preferred.— al-pha=gran'- 
ules, eosinophile or oxyphile granules in the leu¬ 
cocytes.— al-pha=leu'co-cyte, a leucocyte which 
disintegrates during coagulation of the blood.— 
al-pha-naph'thol, a crystalline antiseptic and 
antifermentative powder. ^ Betanaphthol. — 
al-pha-naph-thol-ben'ze-in, a complex compound 
used as an indicator and very sensitive to carbon 
dioxide.— al-phasox-y-naph-tho'ic acid, a crystal¬ 
line acid, CigHgCOOH: used as an antiseptic and 
germicide.— al-pha=pep'tone=»HEMi*ALBUMiNOSE. 
al-phen'ic. White barley sugar. 
aTphi-ta. Barley^meal, especially when fried, fal*- 
phit-o-mor'phous, as of certain parasitic fungi, 
al-phit'e-don. A comminuted fracture, especially 
of the skull. [<.dX(piT 7 j 66 v like meal.] 
al'phol. The salicylic ether of alphanaphthol: iso¬ 
meric with betol, and used like it or salol. 
al-phon'sin. An instrument for extracting balls 
from wounds. [<. Alphonso Ferri, of Naples.] 
al'phos. An indefinite term applied to any white 
scaly disease as leprosy or psoriasis; lepra al- 
phoides. [< ailpdf white.] al'phous. 

al-pho'sis. = Albinism. 

al-pho'zone, al-pho'gen. Trade names for suc¬ 
cinic dioxide, CgHjoOg: used as a germicide in i 
to looo solution, 
al'pine scurvy. = Pellagra. 

Alpin'ia. A genus of zingiberaceous plants. A. 
cardamo'mum = Elettaria cardamomum. A. 
galan'ga of China has a rootsstock which is an 


aromatic stimulant (galanga), and contains the 
crystalline substance al'pi-nin, 

Alquid’s operation. = Alexander’s operation. 
Alsi'ne avicula'rum. Chickweed: sometimes used 
as a poultice. 

al'sol. Aluminum acetotartrate: an antiseptic. 
Alsto'nia. A genus of apocynaceous trees or shnibs, 
having a milky juice, natives of India, Australia, 
West Africa, etc. A. constric'ta, bitter bark, a 
tree of Queensland and New South Wales, from 
which may be obtained al-sto'nine (chlorogen- 
• ine), al-sto'ni-cine, and al-sto'ni-dine. The in¬ 
ner bark has been used in intermittent fevers, 
and the outer bark in rheumatism. A. schola'ris, 
the devilstree of India, has a very bitter bark 
(dita hark), which is tonic, febrifuge, and anti- 
dysenteric, and yields ditamine; echiretin, an 
aromatic compound; echitamine or ditaine, an 
alkaloid, CagH^gNgO^, resembling curare in action; 
echitenene, obtained by the action of caustic 
potash on echitamine; and echiiin, a crystalline 
compound, ^ 32 H 5202 ’ 

al'ter. i. To castrate. 2. To begin to menstruate, 
al'ter-a-tive. A medicine, like potassium iodide, 
which re-establishes the healthy functions of the 
system without any sensible evacuation. [< L. 
al'terans, fr. altera're to vary.] 
al-ter'nate generation. = Alternation op gener¬ 
ation. A. hemianaesthesia, es-hemian.^isthesia. 
A. hemiplegia, ts- hemiplegia. A. 
leaves, those which are distributed 
singly at different heights along 
the stem, and at equal angles of di¬ 
vergence. A. paralysis, alternate 

HEMIPLEGIA. 

al'ter-nat-ing. Occurring in alternate 
succession. A. calculus, a urinary 
calculus composed of layers of differ¬ 
ent composition alternating with one 
another. A. current, an electric cur¬ 
rent the direction of which is alter¬ 
nately direct and reverse. A. insan¬ 
ity = CIRCULAR INSANITY. A. Stra- 

bismus, ^STRABISMUS. A. suture, 
al-ter-na'tion of generation. An alternation in the 
method of development, as in some tapeworms, 
in which one generation reproduces sexually, and 
the next generation non-sexually as by gemma¬ 
tion, or an apparent change in species occurring 
every other generation, as in certain butterflies. 
Althae'a*. i. A genus of malvaceous plants contain¬ 
ing al-the'in (asparagin), a principle, C^HgNjOg. 
2. The U. S.P. name for marshmallow, the dried 
root of A. officina'lis, collected from plants of the 
second year’s growth, deprived of the periderm. 
It is demulcent. 

al'thal. A fatty product of the sperm whale, 
alt. hor. Abbr. for L. alter'nis ho'ris, every other 
hour. 



Alternate 

Leaves. 


al-ti-tu'di-nal index. The number obtained by 
dividing 100 times the height of a skull (meas¬ 
ured from BASiON to bregma) by its length 
(measured from glabella to occipital point); 
height-index. 

Alt'mann’s bioplastic granules. Cellular granules 
surrounded by fat: found in most kinds of nor¬ 
mal cells and innocent neoplasms but said not 
to occur in cancer. [H L. Aug. 7. ’09.] 
al-tri'cious. Requiring the attention of a nurse; 
helpless in infancy; hence, more than usually 
slow of mental development: the opposite of 
PRECOCIOUS. [< L. al'trix nurse.] 



ALTRUISM 


38 


ALVEGNIAPS PUMP 


al'tru-ism. An abnormal interest in the welfare of 
others or excessive care for them, sometimes 
seen in cases of insanity: the opposite of egoism. 
[< L. al'ter the other.] 

a-lu'chi. A resin from Ic'ica heterophyl'la, a tree 
of Madagascar: used in plasters and ointments. 

al'u-del. A pear-shaped vessel used by the earlier 
chemists, resembling the head of an alembic, 
with the exception of the beak. 

al'u-la. Little wing. [L.] 

al'um. r. =Alumen*. 2. Any one of various 
other double or sometimes even triple salts re¬ 
sembling ALUMEN*, as ammonia alum, ammonio- 
ferric alum, caesium alum, caesium rubidium alum, 
chrome alum, manganous ammonium alum, and 
rubidium alum. A. bath, an astringent bath con¬ 
taining alum: used in colliquative sweats. A. 
carmin, a histological stain recommended by 
Gienacher: especially useful for staining tissues 
en masse. A. curd of Riverius, a coagulum formed 
by briskly agitating a drachm of alum with the 
white of an egg. A.shaematoxylin, a tissue-stain 
of a bluish-purple color prepared by dissolving 
haematoxylin crystals 0.35 Gm. in 10 Cc. of abso¬ 
lute alcohol and o. 10 Gm. of potassium alum in 
30 Cc. of distilled water, mixing the two solu¬ 
tions, and then filtering. A. ointment, a prepara¬ 
tion consisting of common turpentine, lard, and 
powdered alum. A. root = Heuchera Ameri¬ 
cana. A. us'tum = ALUMEN EXSICCATUM*. A. 
water, a solution of alum in water, used by 
painters in water-colors. A. whey, a whey of two 
drachms of alum boiled in a pint of milk, and 
then strained. 

alumen* (al-iu'men, L. a-lu'men). Alum; alu- 
mini et potassii sulphas, a crystalline substance 
containing not less than 99.5% of pure aluminum 
and potassium sulphate, AlKfSOJg + 12 HgO. 
The alumen of the Pharmacopoeias is mostly pre¬ 
pared from schistose clays. In Italy this salt is 
procured from alum stone, a mineral occurring in 
the volcanic districts. Alum is a powerful as¬ 
tringent: used externally in pharyngitis, haemop¬ 
tysis, conjunctivitis, gleet, leucorrhoea, and ul¬ 
cers; internally in colica pictonum and as an 
emetic in cases of poisoning. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ 
grs.). A. exsicca'tum*, exsiccated (dried) alum; 
alum ustum; burnt alum; anhydrous aluminum 
and potassium sulphate: prepared by liquefying 
alumen and heating until 45% by weight of 
water is driven off: used as an escharotic for de¬ 
stroying fungous granulations. A. ru'peum, roche 
or rock alum, a variety of alum brought from 
Rocca, in Syria. That which is commonly sold 
under this name is common English alum, artifi¬ 
cially colored. [< L. alu'men, alum. Alum was 
known to Pliny.] 

a-lu'mi-na. The oxide of aluminum, AI2O3. Hy¬ 
drated a. =ALUMINI HYDROXIDUM*. [ < L. a/lt'- 
men alum.] 

a-lu'mi-na-ted. Containing alum. A. copper, a 
mixture of copper sulphate, alum, and potassium 
nitrate, each 16 parts, with camphor, i part: 
used as an astringent lotion. 

alu'mini hy'dras. The 1890 U. S. P. name for alu¬ 
minum hydroxide. A. hydrox'idum*, aluminum 
hydroxide, a white, light, amorphous powder, 
Al2(0H)g, prepared by precipitating a solution 
of alum with a solution of monohydrated sodium 
carbonate. It is a feebly astringent and desic¬ 
cant powder, sometimes used externally. A. sul'- 
phas*, aluminum sulphate, Al2(S04)3 + 16H2O: 


its solution in water is used as an antiseptic de¬ 
tergent for foul ulcers and as an injection in 
fetid vaginal discharges, 
alu'mini et potas'sii sul'phas. = Alumen*. 
a-lu-mi-nif'e-rous. Bearing or having alum, 
al-u-min'i um. = Aluminum. 

a-lu'mi-nol, a-lum'nol. Trade names for a powder 
said to contain 5% aluminum and 15% sulphur, 
a-lu-mi-no'sis. A disease of the lungs attacking 
those who work in aluminum or its salts, 
Pneumonokoniosis. 
a-lu'mi-nous. Pertaining to alum, 
a-lu'mi-num, a-lu-min'i um. A metallic element, 
silver-white, ductile, tenacious, and very malle¬ 
able: sp. gr., about 2.5; at. wt., 26.9; symbol, Al. 
It is not found in nature in a metallic state. It 
is not oxidized by exposure to air or to moisture, 
or tarnished by hydrogen sulphide. It resists 
the action of nitric and sulphuric acids. This 
metal, which is remarkable for its levity and 
sonorousness, is well adapted for many purposes 
in the arts. It is obtained from a clay, and 
sometimes from a mineral called cryolite. The 
salts are chiefly used as disinfectants and astrin¬ 
gents. Among the more important the Acetate (=• 
lenicet). Acetate, basic (= eston). Acetate, dibac- 
ic (=subeston), Acetohorate, Acetoformate, basic 
(= formeston), Acetoglycerinate, Acetotartrate (~ 
alsol). Arsenate, Benzoate, Bichromate, Bifluor¬ 
ide, Borate, Boroformate, Borotannate (or cutal), 
Borotannotartrate (or cutal, soluble), Borotartrate 
(=bor.\l), Betanaphtholdisulphonate, Bromide, 
Carbonate, Caseinate, Chloride, Citrate. Dichromate, 
Diiodoparaphenolsulphonate (or sozoiodole-alumi¬ 
num), Fluoride, Collate (=gallal), Hydrate or 
hydroxide (=alumini hydroxidum*), Hypophos- 
phite. Iodide, Lactate (=fixin), Naphtholdisulpho- 
nate (= aluminol), Nitrate, Oleate, Oxalate, Oxide, 
Palmitate, Paraphenolsulphonate (= sozal), Phe- 
nolsulphonate. Phosphate, Rhodanide (aluminum 
sulphocyanate). Salicylate, Salicylate ammoniated. 
Silicate, Silicofluoride, Sozoiodolate (or sozoiodole- 
aluminum), Stearate, Sulphate (=alumini sul¬ 
phas*), Sulphide, Sulphocarbolate (or phenoLsul- 
phonate), Sulphocyanate, Tannate, Tannotartrate, 
and Tartrate. There are also many double salts, 
as Aluminum and ammonium chloride, A. and 
ammonium sulphate, A. and ccesimn sulphate. A., 
caesium, and rubidium sulphate, A. and potassium 
chloride, A. and potassium paraphenolsulphonate, 
A. and potassium salicylate, A. and potassium sul¬ 
phate (= ALUMEN*), A. and potassium sulphocar¬ 
bolate, A. and rubidium sulphate, A. and sodium 
chloride, A. and sodium silicate, A. and sodium 
sulphate, and A. and zinc sulphate. 
a-lum'nol. = Aluminol. 

a-lu'si a. Hallucination; illusion; mental decep¬ 
tion or error. [ < alveiv to become insane.] 
alv. adst. Abbr. for L. al'vo adstric'ta, the bowels 
being bound. 

alv. deject. Abbr. for L. al'vi dejectio'nes, alvine 
dejections. 

al'va. I. Sea-weed: much food-value is lost by 
not making use of certain forms as a food and 
manure. 2. Sea-grass, or wrack, Zos'tera mari'na: 
its fibre is used in stuffing and packing. [< L. 
al'va sedge, sea-grass.] 

al-ve-a'ri um. That part of the external meatus 
of the ear where the cerumen (ear-wax) is 
secreted. [ L., “ bee-hive.”] 

Alvegniat’s pump CM-v^n-yaz). A variety of air- 
pump for removing gases from the blood. 


ALVELOZ 


39 


AMARGOSO 


a1 -ve-ioz'. The syrupy juice of Euphor'bia hetero¬ 
dox'a, a South American tree: introduced as an 
application in cancer and lupus. [ Sp.] 
al-ve'o-lar. Belonging to the alveoli. A. abscess 
= GUMsBOiL. A. air, the air in the alveoli of the 
lungs. A. arch, the arched alveolar border of the 
jaw. A. artery, the posterior dental artery. A. 
asthma = emphysematous asthma. A. border, 
the portions of the jaw-bones supporting the al¬ 
veoli of the teeth. A. canals, the posterior dental 
canals. A. cancer, carcinoma in which the can- 
cerscells are enclosed in alveoli of connective tis¬ 
sue. A.^ ducts, the narrow air^tubes of the lungs 
connecting the terminal bronchioles with the in- 
ftmdibula: they also usually connect directly with 
some air»sacs. A. ectasia = emphysema of the 
LUNGS. A. forceps, forceps for removing portions 
of the alveolar process. A. index. i. = Gnathic 
INDEX. 2. = Basilar index. A. membrane, the 
periosteum of the teeth. A. nerves, branches of 
the maxillary nerves supplying the teeth. A. 
osteitis = PYORRHCEA ALVEOLARis. A. passages = 
A. DUCTS. A. point, the central point of the 
upper alveolar arch between the two middle in¬ 
cisor teeth. A. process=PRocEssus alveolaris*. 
A. pyorrhoea = PYORRHCEA alveolaris. A. sar¬ 
coma, a sarcoma in which the cells resemble epi¬ 
thelial cells and are gathered together in masses 
which are enclosed in alveoli whose walls are of 
connective tissue. A. structures, minute superfi¬ 
cial cavities found in mucous membranes, which 
have been compared to the cells of honeycomb. 
They are distinct from the glands. A. vein, a vein 
following the alveolar artery. [ < L. alveola'ris.^ 
abve-o-la'ri um. =Alvearium. 
al-ve'o-late, al-ve'o-la-ted. Having alveoli; pitted 
like honeycomb. 

al-ve'o-li. i. The alveolar recesses or sockets of the 
teeth; A. dentales*. 2. The terminal compart¬ 
ments of glands; acini. 3. The airssacs of the 
lungs; A. pulmonis*. [ L., pi. of alveolus.] 
al-ve'o-li-form. Formed like an alveolus, 
al-ve-o-lin'gual groove. = Alveololingual 

GROOVE. 

al-ve-o-li'tis. Inflammation of an alveolus, 
al-ve'o-lo-. Relating to an alveolus: a combining 
form. [< L. alve'olus, dim. of al'veus a hollow.] 
al-ve’o-lo-ba'si-lar line, the line uniting the alve¬ 
olar POINT and the basion. — al-ve*o-lo-con- 
dyl'e an, pertaining to the alveolar processes (or 
arch) and the condyles of the occipital bone, as 
A. plane, a plane passing through the alveolar 
point and tangent to the occipital condyles.— al- 
ve*o-lo-den'tal, pertaining to the teeth and alve¬ 
oli, as A. cana/ = DENTAL canal. — al-ve*o-lo-la'- 
bi-al muscle, the buccinator muscle.— al-ve’o-lo- 
ling'ual groove, the groove between the lower 
jaw and the tongue.— al-ve‘o-lo-na'sal line, the 
line uniting the nasal and alveolar points.— al- 
ve'o-lo-sub-na'sal prognathism, prognathism. 
al-ve'o-lus*, pi. alve'oli. A little hollow: applied 
to the socket of a tooth or other cavity. A. of 
a gland, one of the ultimate follicles of a race¬ 
mose gland. A. of the lungs, an air=vesicle. 
A. of the stomach, one of the depressions which 
make up the honeycombdike mucous membrane 
of the stomach. [L., dim. of al'veus a trough.] 
al'veus. A trough or channel: applied to tubes or 
canals, especially their enlarged portions. A. am- 
pulles'cens, the dilated portion of the thoracic 
duct at its commencement from the receptaculum 
chyli. A. commu'nis, the communication of the 


ampullae of the semicircular canals of the ear. 
A. hippocam'pi, the layer of medullary substance 
in the brain covering the hippocampus major. 
A. utriculo'sis = SACcULUs communis. [L.] 
al-vi-du'cous. Purgative. 

al'vine. Belonging to the belly, stomach, or intes¬ 
tines. A. concretion, a calculus in the stomach 
or bowels, Bezoar. A. evacuations or dejec¬ 
tions, the faeces. A. flux, diarrhoea; al-vi-flux'us. 
al'vus. The belly, stomach, paunch, or intestines. 
^Abdomen; venter. A. adstric'ta, a costive 
state of the bowels. A. coac'ta, “ hard=bound 
belly,” the state of costiveness. A. flu'ida, a 
loose state of the bowels. A. re'num, ‘‘belly of 
the kidneys,” the pelvis of the kidney. [L.] 
a-lym'phi a. Deficiency or lack of lymph, 
a-lyp'i a. Absence of pain. [ < a priv. -f TiiTtr] pain.] 
al'y-pin. A local anaesthetic not producing mydri¬ 
asis. Dose, externally in 10% solution, 
al' y-sis. Distress; pain, especially mental pain, 
al'ysm, a-lys'mus. Restlessness, fa-lys-mat'ic. 
Am. Abbr. for myopic astigmatism, 
a'ma, pi. a'mce. Enlargement of the osseous canal 
of the labyrinth of the internal ear at the end 
opposite the ampulla. [< apr/ waterspail.] 
am'a-as. Kaffir milk*pox. [Tf L. ij ’04.] 
am'a-crine cells. Spongioblasts of the inner molec¬ 
ular layer of the eye. t^i-mac'ri-nal. 
am'a-dou. A kind of fungus, Bsle'tus ignia'rius: 
used in compresses and sheets to support varicose 
veins, protect abraded surfaces, etc. 
a-ma'ke=be. A fatal disease of calves in Uganda, 
a-mal'gam. A combination of mercury with any 
other metal or metals, Alloy. Dental a., 
an amalgam of silver, tin, and mercury used for 
filling teeth. Other metals, as gold, platinum, 
etc., are sometimes added. A. manipulator, a 
dental instrument used in preparing amalgam 
fillings. [c^pdXaypa a softening, a soft mass.] 
ta-mal-ga-ma'tion, the process of combining 
mercury with a metal or forming an amalgam, 
am'an-din. A proteid found in sweet almond. 



I. Death cup, 2. Fly Amanita. 3, Emetic Russula, 4. 
Pluteus. 1 and 2 are poisonous; 3 is dangerous; and 
4 is edible. 


Amani'ta musca'ria. The fly-agaric, a poisonous 
mushroom. It has been used for night-sweats, 
and in other diseased conditions, ts- Muscarine. 
From it the alkaloid a-man'i-tine, CgHjjNO^, 
identical with choline, is obtained, 
a-ma'pasmilk. The milk-like sap of the bitter bark 
of Plume'ria fal'lax of Brazil: used as a vermifuge 
and in malaria. Dose for children, 0.12 Cc. (2 
mins.) ; externally in cancerous sores, 
a-ma'ra. Bitters; medicines with a bitter flavor 
and a tonic property, as chamomile, gentian, etc. 
[Neuter plural of L. ama'rus bitter.] 

Amaran'thus hypochondri'acus. An astringent 
plant, prince’s feather. A. spino'sa is emollient 
and diuretic, and the root antigonorrhoeic. 
a-mar-go'so. The shrub Caste'la suberec'ta, yielding a 
bitter bark: tonic and astringent. [Sp., ‘‘ bitter.”] 




AMARIL 


40 


AMBOCEPTOR 


am'a-ril. The hypothetical poison generated by the 
Bacillus icteroides. [< Sp. amarillo yellow.] 
tam-a-ril'lic. 

am'a-rine. A poisonous organic base, CjiHjgNj, ob¬ 
tained from oil of bitter almond or prepared ar¬ 
tificially. [ < L. ama'rus bitter.] 
am'a-roid. A bitter principle, 
am'a-rol. = Ingestol. 

am-ar-thri'tis. Arthritis affecting several joints or 
the whole body at one time. [ < afia together + 
apdplrcg gout.] 

a-ma'rum. i. A bitter. 2. Magnesium sulphate, 
a-ma-se'sis. Inability to chew the food. [ < a priv. 
+ p.d(T?jGtg chewing.] 

a-mas'tia, a-ma'zia. Absence of the breast or 
breasts, or the nipples, though the latter is more 
properly called ATHELIA. ^Polymastia. [<a 
priv. + pLaardg or pa^oQ breast.] 
am'a-tive-ness. Sexual desire, especially when 
normal. 

am-a-to'ri us. The oblique muscle of the eye. [L., 
fr. ama're to love.] 

am'a-to-ry. Pertaining to love. A. fever, love« 
sickness. ^Chlorosis. A. muscle = amato- 
Rius. [< L. amato'rius.'] 

am-au-ro'sis. Partial or total loss of vision from pa¬ 
ralysis of the retina, usually attended with paraly¬ 
sis and dilatation of the iris, though occasionally 
this is rigidly contracted, especially when the dis¬ 
ease occurs without apparent lesion; gutta serena; 
black cataract. The term amaurosis was origi¬ 
nally used in the sense of general obscurity or 
dimness of vision. It is called Spinal when the 
lesion is in the spine; Cerebral when in the brain. 
It is also designated Albuminuric, Diabetic, Hys¬ 
terical, and Ureemic, according to the lesion which 
causes it. Burns’s amaurosis. A. fu'gax, 
temporary blindness. A. ex haemorrha'gia, a pe¬ 
culiar, incurable, sudden blindness occurring after 
hemorrhages (especially of the stomach). A. 
intermit'tens, a complication of intermittent 
fever. A. partia'lis fu'gax, temporary attacks 
of blindness occurring in various nervous affec¬ 
tions, due to scotomata which either tremble or 
move slowly. A. progressi'va, progressive atrophy 
of the intra*ocular termini of the optic nerve, 
causing gradual blindness. A. reflecto'ria, amau¬ 
rosis caused by reflex or irritation of the tri¬ 
geminal nerve, as in toothache, etc. A. satur- 
ni'na, amaurosis caused by the direct effects of 
lead on the substance of the optic nerve. 
{<iapavp6q dark, dim.] f^ni-au-rot'ic, as A. 
cat's eye, glioma of the retina: and A. family 
idiocy — Svens's disease. 
a-max-o-pho'bi a. Insane dread of being in a 
wagon. [ < dpa^a wagon -f (j)df 3 og fear.] 
a-ma'zia. =Amastia. 

am'be. A machine formerly used for reducing 
dislocations of the shoulder. [< ap( 3 T} a rising.] 
am'ber. A transparent resinous substance, of a 
yellow or orange color, having electric properties; 
succinum: anciently called in Greek rjXtKTpov 
(elektron), whence the word electricity. It is a 
fossil resin, an exudation from ancient conif¬ 
erous trees of extinct species. A. acid = succinic 
ACID. A. camphor, a yellow, light sublimate 
obtained by the destructive distillation of amber; 
volatile resin of amber. Oil of a., a volatile oil 
obtained by the distillation of amber. It is anti- 
spasmodic, and is used externally as a rubefa¬ 
cient. Dose, 0.3 to 0.6 Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). A. 

seed = ABELMOSK. 


am'ber-gris. A concrete, bituminous substance. 
a grayish or ash color, inflammable, and when 
heated emitting a fragrant odor. It is foimd 
about the sea^coast of warm countries, or float¬ 
ing on the surface of the ocean, also in the intes¬ 
tines of the sperm whale, Physe'ter macroceph'a- 
lus, and is a morbid secretion of that and per¬ 
haps other species. i^Ambrein. It is chiefly 
valuable as a perfume, although it has been used 
in typhoid fevers, nervous diseases, and as an 
aphrodisiac. Dose, 0.3 to 1.3 Gm. (5 to 20 grs.). 
[< F. ambre gris gray amber.] 
am-bi-dex'ter. One who uses both hands with 
equal readiness, or who uses his left hand as well 
as his right. [ < L. am'bi- on both sides + dex'ter 
rightshanded, skilful.] ta™“l>i-dex'trous. 
am-big'uous nucleus. = Nucleus ambiguus*. 
am-bi-lat'e-ral. Relating to both sides, 
am-bi-le'vous. Left-handed on both sides; not 
having skill in the use of either hand. [< L. 
am'bi- on both sides -f- Icb'vus left, unskilful.] 
am-bi-o'pi a. Double vision ;• diplopia. [ < L. am'bi- 
on both sides -f- cji}) eye.] 
am-bi-si-nis'ter. =Ambilevous. 
am-bi'tious mania. Mania marked by inordinate 
or abnormal ambitions. 

am'bi-tus. A circumference. A. cerebel'li, a term 
for the oblongata, pons, and cerebellum taken as 
a whole. [ L.] 

am'blo-sis. Miscarriage; abortion; an aborted foetus. 

[< dpfiXovv to have an abortion.] 
am-bly-a'phi a. Blunted or dulled sense of touch. 

[ < ap^'Xvg blunt -f d(j)Tj sense of touch.]' 
am-bly-geus'ti a. A blunted sense of taste. [ < 
dp^'Xvg blunt -fyeDaif taste.] 
am-bly-o'pi a. Impaired vision from defective sen¬ 
sation of the retina; incomplete amaurosis or the 
weakness of sight attending certain forms of this 
disorder; meropia; obfuscation. ^Amaurosis; 
hemeralopia; nyctalopia. The disease may be 
congenital or acquired, the latter, as from exces¬ 
sive use of tobacco (A. nicotin'ica), from excessive 
use of alcoholic drinks {A. alcohol'ica, crapulo'sa, 
or potato'rum), from various toxic influences (A. 
tox'ica), etc. Crossed a., amblyopia of one eye 
combined with anaesthesia of that same side of 
the body: always due to lesion of the brain. A. 
ex anop'sia, amblyopia due to long-continued 
disuse; also, less correctly, amblyopia from men¬ 
tal suppression of the faulty sense-impressions of 
a strabismic eye. A. hyster'ica, a mild form of 
hysterical disturbance of vision. Postmarital a. 
= Burns’s amaurosis. [< blunted4- wi/' 

eye.] fam-bly-op'ic. am-bly-o-pi-at'rics, treat¬ 
ment or therapeutics of amblyopia, am'bly-o- 
scope, a device for training an amblyopic eye to 
see. 

am'bo. = Ambon. 

am-bo-cep'toid. An amboceptor which has degen¬ 
erated and lost its binding groups, 
am'bo-cep-tor. In Ehrlich’s lateral-chain theory, 
the immune, thermostable body produced in the 
blood serum in a specific manner during immuniza¬ 
tion due to the over-production of cell receptors. 
It consists of two haptophore groups: one by 
which it unites with the receptors or corresponding 
bacterial or other cells (the cytophile group), and 
the other by which it unites with the thermolabile 
complement (the complementophile group). It is 
also known as Intermediary or immediate body 
(Ehrlich), Substance sensibilisatrice (Bordet), 
Philocytase (Metehnikoff), Copula (Muller), Des' 


AMBOCEPTORGER 


41 


AMIDO- 


mon (London), Thermostable body, Hcemotoxic 
sensitizer, Immune body (Pfeiffer), Preparator, 
Sensitizer, and Fixative. [ < L. am'bo hoth. + cap'- 
ere to take.] 

am-bo-cep'tor-ger. A free receptor from which 
amboceptors take their origin, 
am-bol'ic. Causing abortion. 

am-bo-mal'le al articulation. The concavoconvex 
articulation of the malleus with the incus: so 
named as it appears as a double articulation, 
am'bon. The margin of the sockets in which the 
heads of the large bones are lodged, 
am-bo-sex'ous. Belonging to both sexes; hermaph¬ 
rodite. [< L. am'bo both -I- sex'us sex.] 
Am-boy'na button. = Frambcesia. 
am-bre'in. A fatty substance, C33H32O, forming the 
base of ambergris, and differing slightly from 
cholesterin. [< F. ambre amber.] 
am-bret'ta seeds. Musk seeds, 
am-brette'. = Abelmosk. 

Ambro'sia. Literally, the “ food of the gods.” A 
genus of composite plants. A. trif'ida, ragweed 
of the United States, is astringent, slightly stim¬ 
ulant, and haemostatic. A. artemisicsjo'lia has 
similar properties. [< ap(Iporo(^ immortal.] fam- 
bro'sin, a substance contained in the pollen of 
various species, especially ragweed, and believed 
to be the cause of hay fever, 
am'bu-lance. i. A conveyance for carrying the sick 
or injured. A. chasers, a colloquial term for law¬ 
yers or persons engaged by them, who follow am¬ 
bulances after accidents and induce those injured 
to sue for damages. 2. A kind of movable hos¬ 
pital accompanying an army, 
am'bu-lant, am'bu-la-to-ry. Not bedridden; walk¬ 
ing about, as in certain fevers. A. blister, a fly¬ 
ing blister. A. erysipelas, erysipelas which moves 
from part to part. A. t5rphoid, ts- typhoid. 
A. urinal, a soft rubber urinal worn under the 
clothing. [ < L. ambula're to walk.] 
am-bu-la-to'ri um. = Dispensary. 
am'bu-lo. A flatulent distention which shifts from 
one part of the body to another, 
am-bus'tion. A bum or scald of the body, 
a-me'ba, a-me'bi-cide, a-me'boid, etc. =Amceba, 

AMCEBICIDE, AMCEBOID, etC. 

a-me-lei'a. Apathy. [< d/ueXeia.] fa-me-lec'tic. 
a-me'li a. Congenital absence of one or more limbs, 
a-mel-i-fi-ca'tion. The formation of enamel by the 
development of enameDcells. 

[ < O. E. amel enamel -f L. 
ja'cere to make.] 

am'e-lin. A base precipitated in 
the alkaline solution from which 
melanin has been deposited on 
being supersaturated with ace¬ 
tic acid. 

a-me-li-o-ra'tion. Betterment; 
improvement. [ < L. ad to + 
me'lior better.] 

a-mel'o-blast. An enameLcell; 
a columnar cell from which 
the enamelsprisms of the teeth 
develop; adamantoblast. 
am'e-lus. A person born without limbs. k^Abra- 
chia; peromelus. [< a priv. + a limb.] 
a-mend'ment. A diminution of the intensity of 
one or several morbid phenomena, 
a-me'nia. = Amenorrhcea. 
a-me-ino-ma'ni a. = Amcenomania. 
a-men-or-rhoe'a, a-men-or-rhe'a. Absence or stop¬ 
page of the menstrual discharge, normal during 


pregnancy, including emansio mensium (primary 
or permanent) and suppressio mensium (secon¬ 
dary, transitory, or accidental, usually connected 
with anaemia); amenia. A. destillato'ria, reten¬ 
tion of menstrual discharge in which there is 
flow drop by drop. A. diffi'cilis, dysmenorrhoea. 

[ < a priv. +fi 7 ]v a month Ppola a flow.] fa-men- 
or-rhoe'al or a-men-or-rhoe'ic, as A. insanity. 
am'ent. = Catkin. 

a-men'tia. Idiocy; fatuity; imbecility of mind. 

It is a mild form of dementia. [< L. a from, 
out of -f mens the mind.] a person 

affected with amentia; an idiot. ^Dement. 

a'me-nyl methylhydrastimide hydrochloride. A vas¬ 
odilator. 

A-mer'i-can alder. =Alnus serrulata. A. aloe 
or agave = Agave Americana. A. balsam = bal¬ 
sam OF Peru. A. disease = neurasthenia. A. 
gamboge, t®- cambogia*. A. ivy, Ampelopsis. 

A. plague = YELLOW fever, A. senna = Cassia 
MARILANDICA. 

am-e-ris'tic. Not divided into segments or meta- 
meres. [ < a priv. -f pepiordg divided.] 
ism, the quality of being ameristic. 
a-met'ri a. Absence of the womb, 
a-met-ro-hae'mi a. A deficiency of uterine blood* 
supply. [< a priv. + prjTpa womb -f a\pa blood.] 
am-e-tro'pi a. A condition of the eye in which the 
refracting powers of the media are not adjusted 
to the position of the retina: either the light is 
brought to a* focus before reaching the retina 
(constituting myopia), or it is not sufficiently con¬ 
verged at the retina (hypermetropia), or else, 
owing to the imperfect shape of the refracting 
media, the rays are unequally refracted and , 
never brought to a perfect focus {astigmatism). 

It is the opposite of emmetropia. ^Anisome¬ 
tropia; aphacia; presbyopia. [<« priv.-f 
perpov a measure + uip eye.] f^n'-e-troni'e-ter, 
an instrument devised for the estimation of the 
degree of ametropia, am'e-trope, one affected 
with ametropia, am-e-trop'ic. 
a-met'rous. Having no uterus. 

Amh. Abbr. for mixed astigmatism with myopia 
predominating. 

am-i-an'thi-nop-sy. Want of ability to distinguish 
violet color; violet^blindness; anianthinopsy. 

[ < a priv. -f- Idvdivog violet -f- bijjig vision.] 
Amian'thium muscaetox'icum. Fly*poison, a lilia¬ 
ceous plant of New Jersey and the South. 

Amici’s prism (a-ml'tshiz). A microscopical acces¬ 
sory used to obtain oblique illumination, consist¬ 
ing of a prism with one plane and two convex 
surfaces. A.’s striae = Krause’s membranes. 
a-mi-cro'bic. Not caused by microbes, 
am'ide. A compound produced by substituting an 
acid radical for part or all of the hydrogen in 
ammonia. The amides are known as primary, 
secondary, and tertiary, according as one, two, or 
three hydrogen atoms have been replaced, 
am'i-din. i. A substance intermediate between 
gum and starch, obtained by the solution of the 
latter in hot water. Insoluble or tegumentary a., 
the cellular lining of a starch ^granule. [< F. 
amidon starch.] 2. Any one of a numerous group 
of unstable mono*acid bases produced by heating 
nitrites with ammonium chloride, [ < Ammonia.] 
am'i-do-. Relating to amide: a combining form. 
am*i-dosac-et-phe-net'i-din= phenocoll. —amd- 
dosac'e-tol, an actively poisonous substance, 
H2N.CH2CH(0.C2H5)2, causing death by paralyz¬ 
ing the respiratory centre. — amd-dosa-ce'tic acid 



Ameloblast. 






















AMIDULIN 


42 


AMMONII 


= GLTCOCOLL. — am‘i-dosac'ids, acids in which 
NHj replaces an H of the acid radical.— amd-do- 
ben'zene, -ben'zol — aniline. — amd-do-ca-pro'ic 
acid = LEUCiN. — amd-do-ceph'a-lin, a form of 
cephalin found in brainstissue.— amd-doseth'ane 
= ETHYLAMiNE. — amd-doseth-yl-sul-phon'ic acid 
= TAURiN. — amd-do-for'mic acid = carbamic 
ACID. — am'i-do-gen, the hypothetic radical, 
NH2,. considered as the essential part of all 
amides. — amd-do-glyc'e-rol = serin, def. i. — 
am*i-do-guai'a-col, a substance obtained from 
acetosanisidin by nitration and reduction. — 
am'i-do-hex'ose, a hexose combined with the 
amide radical NH2.— am'i-dol, a photographic 
developer, and hairsstain; diamidophenol: it may 
produce eczema.— am'i-do-my'e-lin. i. A basic 
substance, C44H9.2N2PO,o, obtained from brain* 
substance. 2. Any one of a group of bodies of 
similar constitution.— amd-do-pro-pi-on'ic acid 
= ALANiN. — am*i-do-pu'rin = adenine. — amd- 
do-pyro-tar-tar'a-mide = glutamine. — amd-do- 
suc-ci-nam'ic acid = asparagine. — amd-do-suc- 
cin'ic acid = ASPARTIC acid. — amd-do-va-le-ri- 
an'ic acid, a non*poisonous ptomaine, C5HjjN02, 
occurring in putrefying fibrin, 
a-mid'u-lin. = Amylodextrin. 
a-mim'i a. A symptom of brain=affection, in which 
the power of expressing one’s wishes or thoughts 
by signs is lost. [< o priv. imitation.] 

amdne. Any one of a group of compounds in which 
one or more atoms of the hydrogen of the 
ammonia are replaced by alcohol radicals. The 
amines combine with acids and are called pri¬ 
mary, secondary, or tertiary, etc., as one, two, or 
three, etc., hydrogen atoms are replaced, 
am'i-no-. Containing the substitution*group NH2; 
a combining form. amd-no*a-ce'tic acid = GLY- 
cocoLL.— amd-no*acdds, organic acids with one 
or more of the hydrogen atoms replaced by 
NH2, the chief constituents of the proteid mole¬ 
cule. — amd-no-di-meth-yl-ben'zene = xylid- 
iNE. — amd-no*eth'ane = ethylamine. — am-in'- 
o-form = hexamethylenamina*. 
am'i-nol. A gaseous disinfectant derived from a 
mixture of milk of lime with the methylamine of 
herring*brine. 

a-mi-to'sis. Direct celbdivision; cell*division un¬ 
accompanied by grouping of nuclear fibrils; kar- 
YOSTENOSIS. [ <a priv. + //iTOf thread.] fa-mi- 
tot'ic. 

am^ma, pi. amma'ta. A girdle, bandage, or truss 
for hernia. [< d////a a knot.] 
am'me-ter. = Amperemeter. 

Am'mi visna'ga. An umbelliferous plant of South¬ 
ern Europe. Its fruit is mildly antipyretic and 
antilithic, and contains kellin. 
am-mis'mus. =Psammismus. 
am-mo-nae'mi a. = Ammonia.mia. 
am-mo'nia. i. The volatile alkali, NHg, ammoni- 
acal gas, a transparent, colorless, pungent gas, 
formed by the union of nitrogen and hydrogen. 
It is called “the volatile alkali ” to distinguish it 
from the fixed alkalies, soda and potassa. cs- 
Aqua ammonia*; aqua ammonia fortior*; 

LINIMENTUM AMMONIA*; SPIRITUS AMMONIA*; 
SPIRITUS AMMONIA AROMATICUS*. A. alUHl, 
aluminum and ammonium sulphate, Al2(NH4)2- 
(SOJ^ + 24H2O, having properties similar to those 
of ordinary or potash alum. c^Alum. A. bases, 
ammonia and its compounds. A. carmin, a com¬ 
bination of carmin with ammonia: used as a stain 
in microscopy. A. water = aqua ammonia*. 


[< L. sal ammo'niac, “salt of Ammon,” found 
near the temple of Jupiter Ammon in Libya.] 
am-mo'ni ac. = Ammoniacum. A. plaster, a stimu¬ 
lant plaster of ammoniac and diluted acetic acid, 
am-mo-ni'a-cal. Belonging to ammonia. A. alum 
= ammonia alum. a. fermentation, production 
of ammonia by fermentation of urine which ha^ 
been retained in the body a long time. A. gas 
= AMMONIA. A. salt, a salt formed by the direct 
union of ammonia and an acid without the elimi¬ 
nation of hydrogen. 

am-mo-ni'a-cum. The 1890 U. S. P. name of a 
gum resin from Dore'ma ammoni'acum; ammo¬ 
niac, or gum*ammoniac. It is stimulant, expec¬ 
torant, and cathartic, and is used in asthma, 
chronic catairh, bronchitis, and affections of the 
chest. Dose, 0.65 to 2 Gm. (10 to 30 grs.). mr 
Emplastrum ammoniaci cum hydrargyro; 

EMULSUM AMMONIACI. 

ammo'niae li'quor. “ Liquor of ammonia,” a name 
for concentrated solution of ammonia. A liquid 
with similar properties is termed spirit of harts¬ 
horn, from being distilled from the horn of the stag, 
am-mo-ni-ae'mi a. The abnormal state due to am¬ 
monia or its compounds in the blood, Pye¬ 
litis ; UREMIA. [< Ammonia +a///a blood ] 
am-mo-ni-al'um. Ammonia alum; hydrated 
double ammonium and aluminum sulphate, 
am-mo-ni-am'e-ter. An instrument with which 
the strength of ammonia solutions is tested, 
am-mo'ni-a-ted. Combined with ammonia; con¬ 
taining ammonia. A. copper = copper ammo- 
NiosuLPHATE. A. glycyrrhizin = GLYCYRRHizi- 
NUM AMMONiATUM*. A. iron, a crystalline sub¬ 
stance of a sharp, saline taste. It is aperient 
and chalybeate, and is used in amenorihoea, 
scrofula, epilepsy, etc. Dose, 0.25 to 0.75 Gm. 
(4 to 12 grs.). A. mercury = HYDRARGYRUM am- 
MONiATUM*. A. tincture, ^tinctura. 
am-mo-ni-e'mi a. =Ammoni^mia. 
am-mo'ni-i. The genitive of L. ammonium. A. 
ben'zoas*, ammonium benzoate, white, laminar 
crystals, CgH^.COONH^, produced by dissolving 
benzoic acid in ammonia water, evaporating, and 
crystallizing. It is slightly stimulant and diu¬ 
retic, and is used in derangement of the urinary 
organs and in gouty affections. Dose, i Gm. 
(15 grs.). A. bro'midum*, arnmonium bromide, 
NH^Br, colorless, transparent, prismatic crystals. 
It resembles potassium bromide in medical prop¬ 
erties, and is used for the same purposes, espe¬ 
cially in epilepsy and the lesser neuroses. Dose, 
I Gm. (15 grs.). A. carbo'nas*, ammonium car¬ 
bonate, C2 HjjN 305, a salt having a pungent, am- 
moniacal odor, a sharp, saline taste, and an 
alkaline reaction. It should contain not less 
than 97% of a mixture of acid ammonium car¬ 
bonate and ammonium carbamate, and should 
yield not less than 31.58% ammonia, cw- Smell¬ 
ing s.\LTS. It is a powerful stimulant, though 
the effects are transient, and hence the dose re¬ 
quires to be frequently repeated. It is used as 
an expectorant in pneumonia and bronchitis and 
in the last stages of phthisis; also as a cardiac 
stimulant in low conditions of the system. Dose, 
0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). A. chlo'ridum*, ammonium 
chloride, NH^Cl, a snow*white, crystalline pow¬ 
der, without odor, having a cooling, saline taste, 
and permanent in the air. Its medical proper¬ 
ties are similar to those of ammonium carbynate, 
but less powerful. It is also used externally in 
solution as a stimulant and resolvent in indolent 


AMMONIO- 


43 


AMMONOXYL 


tumors, also by inhalation in chronic catarrh. 
Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). i 3 -Trochisci ammonii 
CHLORiDi*. A. iod'idum*, ammonium iodide, 
NH4I, a white, granular, hygroscopic salt, apt to 
become dissolved on standing, owing to loss of 
ammonia and liberation of iodine. In its medi¬ 
cal properties it resembles iodine and potassium 
iodide. Used as a resolvent in chronic rheuma¬ 
tism and secondary syphilis, externally in cer¬ 
tain skin disorders. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). A. 
ni'tras, the 1890 U. S. P. name for ammonium 
nitrate, NH^NOg. It occurs in colorless crystals, 
generally in the form of long, thin, rhombic 
prisms, or in fused masses, containing nitric acid 
and ammonia. It is somewhat deliquescent, is 
odorless, and has a sharp, bitter taste and a neu¬ 
tral reaction. Used in making nitrogen monox¬ 
ide, or nitrous oxide gas. A. salicy'las*, ammo¬ 
nium salicylate, NH^C^HgOgt used like the other 
salicylates, but said to be less depressing. Dose, 
0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). A. valeria'nas, the 1890 U.S.P. 
name for A. valeras*. A. val'eras*, ammonium 
valerate, NH^CgHgOg, colorless or white quad¬ 
rangular plates, deliquescent in moist air, with 
the odor of valerianic acid, and having a sharp 
and sweetish taste, and a neutral reaction: 
used in mild functional neuroses. Dose, 0.5 Gm. 
(ih grs.). 

am-mo'ni 0-. Relating to ammonium: a combining 
form. [< Ammonia.] ammo*ni-o-fer'ric sulphate= 

FERRI ET AMMONII SUL¬ 
PHAS*. A. tartrate = FER- 
RI ET AMMONII TARTRAS*. 

— am-mo-ni-o-mag-ne'- 
si an phosphate, ammo¬ 
nium magnesium phos¬ 
phate, a salt assuming 
various fantastic shapes, 
especially in urine which 
has undergone alkaline 
decomposition, am-mo*- 
ni ossil'versni'trate albu- 
minose. =Hegonon. 

am-mo'ni um. A hypotheti¬ 
cal radical, or electroposi¬ 
tive ion, NH4, assumed 
as the base of ammonia 
and showing the reactions and characteristics of 
a monovalent metal in forming compounds, 
but in certain combinations behaving as if it 
were a double radical of NHg and H forming 
compounds closely analogous to double combina¬ 
tions of certain metals. It exists only in combina¬ 
tion. The salts of ammonium are cardiac stimu¬ 
lants, expectorants, and antacids. Besides those 
given below, the salts used in medicine include 
the anacardate, arsenite, bifiuoride, bimalate, 
binoxalate, biphosphate, bisulphate, bisulphite, 
bitartrate, borobenzoate,borocitrate, camphorate, 
carbamate, carbazotate (= picric), carbolate, car- 
minate, chromate, citrate, dichromate, dithio- 
carbamate, dithiocarbonate, embelate, ethylsul- 
phate, ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, fluoride, gallate, 
glycerinophosphate, hippurate, hypophosphite, 
lactate, meditate, molybdate, mucate, nitrite, 
oleate, oxalurate, oxaminate, palmitate, perchlo¬ 
rate, persulphate, phenate, phenolsulphonate, 
phosphite, phosphomolybdate, phosphotungstate, 
phthalate, picramate, picrate, picrocarminate, 
pyrophosphate, selenate, selenite, silicofluoride, 
stearate, succinate, sulphite, sulphocarbonate, 
sulphoricinate, sulphydrate, sylvinate, tartrate, 



Crystals op Ammonium 
Magnesium Phos¬ 
phate FROM THE 
Urine. 


tellurate, thio=acetate, thionurate, thiosulphate, 
triborate, tungstate, uranate, and vanadate. A. 
acetate, a salt having the formula NH^.CjHjOj, 
prepared by saturating glacial acetic acid with 
dry ammonia gas: used as a diaphoretic and re¬ 
frigerant. Liquor AMMONII ACETATis*. Dose, 
I to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grs.). A. amalgam, a sub¬ 
stance lighter than water, which is apparently an 
amalgam of the “metals” ammonium and mer¬ 
cury: formed by decomposing sodium amalgam 
with ammonium chloride. A. arsenate, a crystal¬ 
line salt, (NH4)2 HAs 04, obtained by evaporating 
a concentrated solution of arsenic acid with 
ammonia: used in skin diseases in aqueous solu¬ 
tion. Dose, 0.003 Gm. gr.). A. benzoate = 
AMMONII BENZOAS*. A. bicarbonate, large, trans¬ 
parent crystals, NH4HCO3; acid ammonium- 
carbonate: antacid and stimulant. A. borate, 
2(NH4HB204)3H20, a salt of alkaline taste and 
reaction; used in renal colic, stone in the bladder, 
and catarrh of the bladder. Dose, 0.6 to 1.2 Gm. 
(10 to 20 grs.). A. bromide = AMMONII bromi- 
DUM*. A. carbonate = AMMONII cARBONAs*. A. 
chloride = ammonii chloridum*. A. formate, 
NH^CHOg, has been used in chronic paralytic dis¬ 
ease. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). A. ichthyolsulpho- 
nate = iCHTHYOL. A. iodide = ammonii iodidum*. 
A. lithate, urinary calculus. A. nitrate = 
AMMONII NiTRAS. A. oxalate, a salt used chiefly as 
a chemical test. A. phosphate, (NH4)2HP04. It 
occurs in colorless, translucent, monoclinic prisms 
containing phosphoric acid and ammonia. It is 
soluble in water. It is used as a remedy for gout 
and rheumatism. Dose, 0.65 to 2.6 Gm. (10 to 
40 grs.). A. purpurate = MURExiDE. A. salicylate 
= AMMONII SALicYLAS*. A. sulphate, occurs in 
colorless, transparent, rhombic prisms containing 


sulphuric acid and ammonia 
medicine, but enters into 
the composition of ammo¬ 
nia alum. A. sulphocya- 
nate or thiocyanate, a reac¬ 
tion^ product of carbon di¬ 
sulphide, strong alcohol, 
and concentrated ammo¬ 
nia water. c^Melam. a. 
sulphosichthyolate = ich- 
THYOL. A. urate, a white, 
amorphous salt, CgHgCN- 
H4)N403: used in the form 


It is not used as a 


Cl 

■<> 





Crystals of Ammoni¬ 
um Urate from the 
Urine. 


of an ointment (20 grs. to 
the ounce) in chronic ecze¬ 
ma. Ammonium urate is 
one of the crystalline com¬ 
pounds frequently found as a urinary sediment, 
and may enter into the formation of calculi. A. 
valerate = ammonii valeras*. [<Ammonia.] 
am-mo'ni-u-ret. A compound ammonia, as ammo¬ 
nium salt, united with the salt of another base. 
Copper a., a compound of copper sulphate with 
ammonia, the salt varying much in composition 
according to its method of preparation, 
am-mo-ni-u'ri a. A condition marked by excessive 
amounts of ammonia in the urine: usually due to 
alkaline decomposition of the urine in cystitis. 
js-Acidosis. 

am'mo-nol. An antipyretic and analgesic proprie¬ 
tary remedy: said to be ammoniated phenylaceta- 
mide. Dose, 0.3 to 1.3 Gm. (5 to 20 grs.). A. salicyl¬ 
ate, a headache remedy. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (8 g^s.). 
am-mo-nox'yl. A univalent radical having the 
composition NH^-O-. 


AMMON’S FISSURE 


44 


AMORPHUS 


Am'mon’s fissure. A fissure of the sclerotic of the 
eye in the embryo. ^ Choroidal fissure. [< F. 
A. von Ammon, 1799—1861.] 

Am'mon’s horn. = Cornu Ammonis. Afiiiuv 

an appellation of Jupiter, as represented with the 
horns of a ram.] 

am-mo-ther'a-py. The treatment of disease by 
sand*bath. [ < a/xfiog sand + OepaTveia treatment.] 
am-ne-mon'ic. Characterized by failure of the 
memory. [ < a priv. + fxvrjjuoviKog pertaining -to 
the memory.] 

am-ne-mos'y-ne. Forgetfulness. [ < a priv. + /j-vtj- 
fioavvT] remembrance.] 

am-ne'si a, am-nes'ti a. Want of memory; forget¬ 
fulness. It may be acoustic, olfactory, verbal, or 
visual, according as the lack of memory is for 
sounds, odors, words, or visual impressions. ^ 
Logopathia; retrosanterograde a.; retro¬ 
grade A. r< a priv. -f- remembrance.] 

fam-ne'sic, am-nes'tic, as A. amimia, w^ant of 
memory for the meaning of signs and gestures: 
and A. aphasia, want of memory for words, 
am-ni-o-cho'ri al. Relating to both the amnion and 
the chorion. 

am-ni-o-clep'sis. A gradual escape of the amniotic 
fluid. [< Amnion -f kAettteiv to steal.] 
am-ni-o'ma. An antenatal adhesion of the amnion 
to the skin of the foetus. 

am'nion. The most internal of the fetal mem¬ 
branes containing the waters which surround the 
foetus in utero; agnina membrana or tunica. It 
consists of two layers, the inner layer being de¬ 
veloped from the epiblast, the outer from the 
mesoblast. The false amnion (called also serous 
membrane) is formed by the union of the outer 
laminiE of the amniotic folds, and lies outside 
the sac of the true amnion. It finally becomes 
absoibed or attached to the zona pellucida, help¬ 
ing to form the chorion. [ < a/iviov, fr. apvdq 
a lamb.] fam-ni-on'ic. 
am-ni-o-ni'tis. = Amnitis. 

am-ni-or-rhoe'a. Discharge of the amniotic fluid, 
am-ni-o'sis. = Amnitis. 

am-ni-o'ta. Animals which have an amnion, as 
reptiles, birds, and mammals, 
am'ni-o-tate. A salt of amniotic acid, 
am-ni-ot'ic. Pertaining to the amnion. A. acid = 
ALLANTOIC ACID. A. band, a band of false mem¬ 
brane on the inner part of the amnion. It some¬ 
times constricts the foetus. A. cavity, the cavity 
of the amnion; the closed sac between the am¬ 
nion and the embryo, containing the liquor 
amnii. A. dropsy = hydramnion. A. fluid, the 
liquor amnii. A. folds, the folds of the somato- 
pleure, by the growth and union of which the 
amnion is formed and the embryo enclosed. A. 
sac, the lining of the bag of waters, consisting of 
the amnion surrounded externally by the cho¬ 
rion. A. suture, the line of union of the amniotic 
folds. [< L. amniot'icus.] 
am'ni-o-tome. An instrument for piercing the fetal 
membranes. [ < hjiviov amnion + ropi] a cutting.] 
am-ni'tis, am-ni-o-ti'tis. Inflammation of the 
amnion. 

Amoe'ba, Ame'ba, pi. -bee. A genus of very minute 
protozoan animals, found in fresh and salt water, 
consisting of a mass of naked nuclear proto¬ 
plasm, with or without membranes, and capable 
of changing their forms. A. co'li, a species 
found in the stools of dysentery, but whether it 
alone or the bacteria always accompanying it are 
the cause of that disease is not yet established; 


A. dysente'rice (Kruse and Pasquale]; A. intesti- 
na'lis (Blanchard) ; Entamoe'ba co'li. It resem¬ 
bles the ordinary water amoeba and is from 15 
to 25 // in diameter. It is also sometimes found 
in AMCEBic ABSCESS of the liver. A. co'li mi'tis, 
a parasite found in chronic enteritis. A. co'li 
vulga'ris, a harmless intestinal parasite. A. 
denta'lis, a species found upon the teeth. A. 
mala'riae = Plasmodium malaria. A. move¬ 
ments = amoeboid MOVEMENTS. A. pseudopodia 
— pseudopodium. a. urogenita'lis has been 
found in urine and secretions of the vagina. 
[< to change.] Ja-moe-bi'asis, a diseased 

condition due to the presence of amoebae, 
a-moe'bic, as A. abscess, an abscess due to amoebae, 
especially of the liver in one who living in a warm 
country has had an attack of dysentery, s^An- 
CHovY=SAUCE SPUTUM; A. dysentery, dysentery \n 
which amoebae are found in faeces: and A. enteritis, 
chronic enteritis marked by the presence of 
amoebae, a-moe'bi-cide, destructive to Amce'bce. 
a-moe'boid, a-moe'bi-form, as A. cells, cells (as 



Successive stages of a colorless blood-cell exhib 

ITING AMCEBOID MOVEMENT. (Piersol.) 

white blood*corpuscles), and A. movements, the 
peculiar alterations in shape which active amoebae 
undergo; also similar ohanges occurring in em¬ 
bryonal or other cells, a-moe'bism, a pathologic 
state due to invasion of the organism hy Amoe'bce. 
a-moe'bo-cyte. One of the single variety of blood* 
corpuscles found in certain invertebrates and 
showing amoeboid motion, Amoeboid cells. 
a-moe'bu-la. An amoeboid spore, as of malaria, 
a-moe-bu'ri a. Presence of amoebae in the urine, 
a-moe-no-ma'ni a. A form of mania in which the 
hallucinations are of a pleasing kind, 
a-muk', a-muk'. A form of transitory mania of the 
Malay Archipelago, in which the patient runs 
through the streets killing or wounding all he 
meets and often himself. [< Malay amok to run.] 
Amo'mum. A genus of zingiberaceous plants. A. 
cardamo'mum, a plant which produces the round 
cardamom. It is a native of Java and Sumatra. 
^Cardamom. A. gra'nasparadi'si, “grains=of* 
paradise Amomum,” a plant the fruit of which 
is well known under the name of grains of para¬ 
dise or Melegueta (Mallaguetta) pepper. A. 
max'imum, an aromatic plant, of Java and other 
islands of the Malay Archipelago: supposed to 
produce the Java cardamom. A. re'pens, a plant 
producing cardamom seed, now chiefly obtained 
from Eletta'ria re'pens. A. zin'giber, the ginger* 
plant, or Zin'giber officina'le. [ < apupov.^ 
a-mon-til-la'do. A sherry wine of marked dryness, 
a'mor. Love. A. insa'nus, A. ven'eris = erotoma¬ 
nia. [L.] t^^m'o-rous, as A. melancholy, melan¬ 
choly marked with love for a person, but lacking 
desire for sexual intercourse, 
a-mor'phia, a-mor'phism. A formless teratism. 
a-mor'phin-ism. The disordered condition due to 
depriving a morphinomaniac of morphine, 
a-mor-phos'te-o-phyte. A shapeless bony outgrowth, 
a-mor'phous. Having no definite form; shapeless; 
uncrystallized. A. hyoscyamine, hyoscine. 
A. phosphorus, ^phosphorus A. quinine = 
QUiNoiDiNE. K®” Quinine. 
a-mor'phus. A formless monster. js-Anideus. 


AMOTIO RETINiE 


45 


AMPHORIC 


amo'tio ret'inae. Detachment of the retina. [L.] 

Ampelop'sis. A genus of climbing plants, of which 
A. quinquefo'lia, Virginia creeper, contains am- 
pe-lop'sin, used in eclectic medicine as a tonic, 
alterative, and expectorant remedy. Dose, 0.12 
Gm. (2 grs.). 

am'pe-lo-ther'a-py. The use of grapes as food, and 
of grapesjuice as drink, for therapeutic effect; 
grapescure. [< afnreXog grape + therapy.] 

am'pere, ampere (an-pcr). The unit of current in 
galvanic electricity. It is a current produced by 
an electrosmotive force of one volt passing 
through a conductor whose resistance is one 
OHM. [Andre Marie Ampere, a French physicist, 
1775-1836.] fam'per-age, the intensity of elec¬ 
tric current expressed in amperes. am-pere'- 
me-ter, am-pe-rom'e-ter, an instrument for meas¬ 
uring the current of electricity in amperes; an 
ammeter. 

am-pham-pho*ter-o-di-plo'pi a. Double vision with 
both eyes together and with either eye separately. 
[ < afKpi on both sides +d//^6repoc both together + 
DIPLOPIA.] 

am‘phe-me-ri'na, am’phi-me-ri'na. A fever, such as 
a quotidian ague, or hectic, which occurs every 
day. [<ap(()jjiuepiv 6 g daily.] 

am'phi-. Both; double; about; around; on both 
or all sides: a combining form. [<. a/iKpl.] am‘- 
phi-ar-thro'sis, a mixed variety of articulation 
intermediate between diarthrosis and synar¬ 
throsis, as in the tarsal and carpal bones, and in 
the vertebrae. It admits of but very limited 
motion, fam'phi-ar-thro'di al.—am'phi-as-ter, a 
doublesstarsshaped group of nuclear fibrils in a 
fertilized ovum or in the karyokinetic process of a 
vegetable or an animal cell; a diaster.—Amphib'ia, 
a class of vertebrates forming a transitional 
group between the fishes and air-breathing ani¬ 
mals, usually having gills in the larval form and 
lungs in the adult. Median fins without fin-rays 
may be present, but the paired appendages are 
always 5-toed limbs. The heart has one ventricle 
and two auricles. A renal portal system is 
present. The class includes the frogs, toads, 
newts, and salamanders. an; am- 

phib'i ous. — am-phi-blas'tu-la, the embryonic 
morula after it has passed the stage known as 
amphimorula and before it has become an 
amphigastrula. fam-phi-blas'tic.— am-phi-bles- 
tri'tis, am*phi-bles-troi-di'tis, retinal inflamma¬ 
tion. — am-phi-bles*tro-car-ci-no'ma, carcinoma 
of the retina. — am-phi-bles'troid. i. Resem 
bling a net. 2. The retina. — am-phi-bo'li a. 
I. A period in the development of fever between 
the acme and the decline of temperature, marked 
by irregular remissions. 2. The critical period 
of any disease, when the prognosis is doubtful, 
fam-phi-bol'ic, am-phib'o-lous. — am-phi-cen'- 
tric, having two poles: applied to retia mirahilia, 
which originate from a single vessel and ter¬ 
minate in a single vessel.— am-phi-cce'lous, hol¬ 
lowed on both sides, as a double concave lens.— 
am-phi-cra'ni a, headache affecting both sides of 
the head. — am-phi-cre'a-tine, a leucomaine, 
C9 Hj 5,N704, derivable from muscle and resembling 
creatine. — am'phi-cro-it'ic reaction = ampho¬ 
teric •reaction. — am-phi-cyt'u-la, the ovum in 
the stage which follows that which is called am- 
phimonerula, and precedes that known as am¬ 
phimorula. — am-phi-des'mous, having a double 
ligament.— am'phi-di-ar-thro'sis, an articulation 
partaking of the nature of both ginglymus and 


arthrodia, as the articulation of the lower jaw 
with the temporal bone. — am-phi-gas'tru-la, the 
embryo at an advanced stage of gastrulation; 
the hood-gastrula. — am-phig'e-nous reaction = 
AMPHOTERIC REACTION. — am’phi-mi-cro'bi an, 
either aerobian or anaerobian: a term applica¬ 
ble to such micro-organisms as can live either 
with or without a supply of air or free oxygen. 

Facultative. — am-phi-mix'is, the union of 
the male and female cell-nuclei in sexual reproduc¬ 
tion.— am*phi-mo-ner'u-la, the holoblastic ovum 
in its monerula stage of gastrulation.— am-phi- 
mor'u-la, the immediate res\ilt of the segmenta¬ 
tion of the amphicytula: it becomes in the next 
stage the amphiblastula.— am-phi-nu'cle us, the 
nuclear material gathered about the division- 
centre just previous to binary fission, as in 
protozoa; centronucleus.— am'phi ont, a mala¬ 
rial organism produced sexually.— Amphiox'us, 
the lancelet, a low order of vertebrate about two 
inches long and pointed at both ends.— am-phi- 
pep'tone, a mixture of antipeptone and hemi- 
PEPTONE. — am’phi-py-re'nin = nuclear mem¬ 
brane. — am-phis-me'la, a probe with a ser¬ 
viceable point at either end.— am-phis-mil'a, a 
surgeon’s two-edged knife.— am-phi-sphal'sis = 
CIRCUMDUCTION. — Amphis'toma, a genus of trem- 
atode parasitic worms. A. hom'inis has been 
found in the human intestines in very great num¬ 
bers, but in only a very few instances, 
sto'mous. — Amphiu'ma tridac'tylum, a tailed 
amphibian of especial interest on account of the 
red blood-cells being so large as to be visible to 
the naked eye. 

am-phi-the'a-tre. A room in an oval form en¬ 
closing an open space called the arena: used 
as a lecture-room, especially for clinical lect¬ 
ures. 

am'pho-di-plo'pi a. Double vision with both eyes 
together. [ < apcpe) both -t- dmTiOog double 
vision.] 

am-pho-pep'tone. = Amphipeptone. 

am'pho-phile, am-pho-phil'ic, am-phoph'i-lous. 
Staining alike with acid or with basic dyes: said 
of tissues or cell-materials, Pseudo-eosino- 
PHiLE. [< a/^ 0 £<J both -I- (ptTiEiv to love.] 

am-phor'ic. Belonging to an amphora, or bottle. 
A. breathing = A. respiration. A. bubble, a 
sound like the bubbling of liquid when poured 
from a bottle, heard in hydropneumothorax when 
the patient leans forward. A. echo, the amphoric 
voice when it is heard at an interval after the 
oral voice, as if it were the echo. A. hum, an 
auscultation sound resembling that heard on 
blowing into a bottle or a decanter. A. percus¬ 
sion, A. resonance, a. rale, the rale caused 
by the splashing of fluid in a cavity (of which it 
is indicative) connected with a bronchus. A. 
resonance, in percussion over a cavity, a sound 
resembling that caused by tapping the cheeks, 
the mouth being inflated; in auscultation, a ring¬ 
ing sound like that formed by blowing over the 
mouth of an empty bottle. A. respiration, a 
breath-sound with a musical quality like that 
produced by blowing over the mouth of a 
bottle. A. voice, A. whisper, a vocal sound 
with a peculiar amphoric or musical qual¬ 
ity. [ < L. amphor'tcus.] fam-pho-ric'i-ty, the 
quality of being amphoric. am-pho-ril'o- 
quy, am-pho-roph'o-ny, am*pho-ro-spho'ni a, an 
amphoric vocal quality or resonance heard in 
speaking. 


AMPHOTERIC 


46 


AMYGDALA 


am-pho-ter'ic, am-phot'e-rous. Partaking of both of 
two opposite characters; neutral. A. reaction, a re¬ 
action exhibiting the characteristics 
of both acid and alkaline reactions, 
that is, altering at one time the 
color of both blue and red litmus. 

[< hfi^orepoQ belonging to both.] 
am-pho*te-ro-di-plo'pi a. Double vi¬ 
sion with both eyes, 
am-plex-a'tion. A method of treat¬ 
ing fracture of the clavicle by 
a bandage around the chest and 
shoulder, fixing the shoulder im¬ 
movably. ^ 

am-plex'i-caul leaf. One whose base 
embraces the stem, 
am-pli-a'tion. Abnormal distention 
of any body cavity. 
am*pli-fi-ca'tion. In microscopy, increase of the 
visual area, as distinguished from magnification. 
fam'pli-fi er, a lens placed in a microscope be¬ 
tween the object-glass and the eye-piece, used 
for increasing the magnification, 
am'pli-tude. i. Fulness; in an artery, the degree of 
dilatation by the pulse-wave; in a sound-wave, 
its extent, determining intensity, vibration, fre¬ 
quency, pitch, form, and quality. 2. The largest 
plane of the pelvis, cutting through the symphy¬ 
sis pubis, the joint between the second and third 
sacral vertebrae, and the highest point of either 
acetabulum. 3. The total amount or range of 
accommodative power in the eye. 
am'plus. Large. [L.] 



Hermetically sealed ampoule of “606”. (Natural size, 
showing dosage and control marks.) 


am'poule, am'pul. i. A phia^or closed tube. 2. A 
flask-like dilatation, as in the blood-counting 
apparatus. 

am-pul'la, pi. -Ice. Flask; a flask-like dilated por¬ 
tion of a canal, especially the trumpet-mouth 
portion of the semicircular canal of the ear. 
^Alveus. A. of Bryant = Bryant’s ampulla. 
A. chy'li = RECEPTACULUM CHYLi. A. of the fal¬ 
lopian tube, the dilated portion of the oviduct 
just before it terminates in the fimbriate expan¬ 
sion. A. of Galen = Galen’s ampulla. A. of 
lachrymal duct, an ampulla of the lachrymal ap¬ 
paratus. A. lactif'era, a dilatation of a duct of 
the mammary gland just before it enters the nip¬ 
ple ; milk sinus; sinus laciiferus *. Ampul'lae of 
Lieberkiihn = Lieberkuhn’s ampulla. Am- 
pul'lae membrana'ceae*, the membranous ampullae 
of the membranous labyrinth, corresponding to 
the bony ampullae. They are distinguished as the 
A. membranacea lateralis*, the lateral membra¬ 
nous ampulla; the A. membranacea posterior*, the 
posterior membranous ampulla; and the A . mem- 
branacea superior *, the superior membranous 
ampulla. A. of the rectum, that portion of the 
rectum which is above the perineal flexure; A. 
recti*. Ampul'lae of Thoma, the terminal dilata¬ 
tions of the splenic arterioles. A. of the vas 
deferens, the dilated terminal portion of the 
spermatic duct just before it joins the seminal 
vesicle; Henle’s a.; A. ductus deferentis*; Am- 


puTlae of Vater = Vater’s ampulla. [ L., “ a 
big-bellied jug or bottle,” used by the Romans 
for containing wine.] 

pul'lar or am'pul-la-ry, as A. abortion, a form 
of tubal abortion occurring from the ampulla of 
the fallopian tube: A. aneurism, a small saccu¬ 
lated aneurism, especially of the arteries of the 
brain; and A. pregnancy, the common variety 
of ectopic pregnancy, in which gestation begins 
in the middle of the oviduct, am-pul-li'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the ampulla, especially that of the 
vas deferens, am-pul'lu-la, any minute am¬ 
pulla, such as one of those connected with the 
lymphatic system in the villi of the intestine, 
am-pu-ta'tion. The act of cutting off a limb in part 
or whole, or a projecting portion of the body, as 
the tongue, breast, penis, etc. In the case of a 
tumor or of an internal organ excision, removal, 
or extirpation, are to be preferred, Contiguity ; 
CONTINUITY. For Varieties of amputation, see 
the adjective phrases. A. neuroma, neuroma. 
[< L. amputa're to cut off.] fam'pu-tate, am'pu- 
ta-ting, as A. knife, catling: A. saw, a saw- 
used in amputations: and A. ulcer, ulceration 
completely surrounding a part and destroying 
the tissue down to the bone, 
am'ra. The bark or the kernels of the ripe seeds 
of Spon'dias mongif'era: used in polyuria and 
diabetes. 

am'u-let. A supposed charm against disease: such 
are anodyne necklaces used in teething, 
a-mu'sia. Loss of musical sense: it may be motor 
or sensory, instrumental or vocal, etc. Para¬ 
musia. [< a priv. + L. mu'sa muse.] 

Am'us-sat’s operation, i. The operation of form¬ 
ing an anus in the normal position in cases of 
imperforation of the anus. 2. Lumbar colotomy. 
A.’s valve = Keister’s valve. 
a-my-as-the'ni a. Muscular debility. i^Amyotro- 
PHiA. [< a priv. + fj-vg muscle -f- dadiveia weak¬ 
ness.] t^^-n^y-^s-then'ic. 

a-myc'tic. Irritant, or causing excoriation. [< 
afivaaeiv to tear.] 
am-y-dri'a-sis. m - Mydriasis. 

a-mye-len-ce-pha'li a. Congenital lack of brain 
and spinal cord. [< a priv. fiveTiog marrow -f 
ey/cfbrain.] ta-mye-len-ce-phal'ic; a-mye- 
len-ceph'a-lous. a-mye-len-ceph'a-lus. 
a-my-e'li a. The condition of a monster-foetus 
born without the spinal marrow. [ < a priv. -f 
pveXog marrow.] fa-my-e'lic. 
a-my'e-line, a-my-e-lin'ic. i. Having no myelon, 
or spinal cord. 2. Having no myelin. A. neu¬ 
roma, IS*NEUROMA. [< a priv. -t- fiveTiog marrow.] 
a-mye-lo-neu'ri a. Deficient action of or paralysis 
of the spinal cord. 

a-my-e-lot'ro-phy. Atrophy or imperfect nutrition 
of the spinal cord, or myelon. 
a-my'e-lus. A foetus lacking the spinal cord. 

j^Amyelia. t^-roy'e-lous. 
a-myg'da-la, pi. -Iw. i. The fruit of Amyg'dalus 
commu'nis, a native of Barbary, comprising the 
sweet (A. dul'cis) and the bitter (A. ama'ra) 
almond. A. ama'ra*, bitter almond, the ripe 
seeds of Pru'nus amyg'dalus, var. ama'ra; it 
emits the odor of hydrocyanic acid. Its proper¬ 
ties are similar to those of sweet almond, but 
more active; it has been used as a pectoral. 
^Syrupus amygdala*; spiritus amygdal.® 
AMAR^*. A. dul'cis*, sweet almond, the ripe 
seeds of Pru'nus amyg'dalus, var. dul'cis. Sweet 
almonds are nutrient and demulcent, ts- Emul- 



Amplexicaul 

Leaf. 


















AMYGDALECTOMY 


47 


AMYLO- 


SUM AMYGDALA *; SYRUPUS AMYGDAL/E*. Amyg'- 
dal% placen^ta, almond cake: the substance left 
after the expression of the oil from almonds, 
which, when ground, forms almond powder: often 
used for washing the hands. 2. The tonsil, 
def. I. 3. = Nucleus amygdalae, Tonsil, 
def. 2. A. cerebel'li, the tonsillar lobe of the in¬ 
ferior surface of the cerebellum. 4. One of the 
glands of the neck. [ < cipvyddlT].] fa-myg- 
dal'i-form, as A. nucleus = subthalamus. 

a-myg-da-lec'to-my. Surgical removal of the ton¬ 
sils or of the glands of the neck. 

a-myg'da-lin. A white, crystalline substance, 
^20^27^^11' from bitter almond, and yielding 
3 -“niyg-dai'ic acid on heating with an alkali. 

a-myg'da-line. i. Belonging to the almond. A. 
soap, soap made of sodium hydrate and almond 
oil. 2. Almond=like; almond=shaped. A. fissure, 
a fissure on the mesa] aspect of the tip of the 
temporal lobe of the cerebrum, just outside of 
the amygdaloid tubercle. 3. Relating to the 
tonsils. A. asthma, asthma dependent on in¬ 
flammation of the tonsils. 

a-myg-da-li'tis. = Tonsillitis. [This is the pref¬ 
erable word to use.] 

a-myg'da-lo-. Resembling or pertaining to an 
almond or a tonsil: a combining form. [< 
ajuvySdA?} tonsil.] a-myg*da-lo-glos'sus, a muscle 
which aids the styloglossus in raising the mar¬ 
gin of the tongue so as to render its dorsum 
concave. It arises from the pharyngeal aponeu¬ 
rosis over the tonsil, and is continuous with the 
PALATOGLOSSUS. — a-myg'da-loid, resembling an 
almond or a tonsil, as A. benzoin, benzoin occur¬ 
ring in tears: A. fossa, the depression between 
the pillars of the fauces in which the tonsil is 
lodged: A. micleus = nucleus amygdala: and 
A. tubercle, a prominence in the roof of the de¬ 
scending cornu of the lateral ventricle of the 
brain, formed by the amygdaloid nucleus.— 
a-myg'da-lo-lith, a concretion in the tonsil.— 
a-myg-da-lon'cus, swelling or enlargement of the 
tonsil.— a-myg-da-lop'a-thy, disease of the ton¬ 
sils. — a-myg‘da-lo-phe'nin = amygdophenin. — 
a-myg'da-lo-tome, a cutting instrument for am¬ 
putating the tonsil or a part thereof.— a-myg- 
da-lot'o-my, the surgical cutting of a tonsil. 
— a-myg'da-lous fermentation = hydrocyanic 
FERMENTATION. — a-myg’da-lo=u'vu-lar lobe, the 
amygdala and the uvula of the cerebellum con¬ 
sidered as together forming one lobe. 

Amyg'dalus commu'nis. Amygdala; Prunus 

AMYGDALUS. 

a-myg-do-phe'nin. Phenetidin amygdalate in form 
of white leaflets; phenyl glycolyl phenetidin: 
used as an antineuralgic in articular rheumatism. 
Dose, 0.5 to I Gm. (7^ to 15 grs.). 

am'yl, gen. ani'ylis. The hypothetical radical, 
C-H,,, of a series of compounds, among which 
are, besides those given below, the benzoate, 
bromide, butyrate,carbonate, carbolate (phenate), 
cyanide, formate, oxide, phenate, propionate, 
salicylate, sulphide, sulphocyanate, sulphydrate, 
and urethane (carbamate). A. acetate, a liquid 
with odor of pears: used in the manufacture 
of syrups. A. alcohol = alcohol amylicum. 
A. chloride, CjHjjCl, is sometimes used as an 
anaesthetic. A. hydrate = alcohol amylicum. 
A. hydride == pentane. A. iodide has hypnotic 
properties similar to those of amylic alcohol. 
A. nitrate, formerly used in trigeminal neuralgia 
and malaria: not to be confounded with the nitrite 


(amylis nitris*). a. nitris,the 1890 U.S.P. name 
for AMYLIS nitris*. A. nitrite = amylis nitris*. 
A. valerate or valerianate, used internally in bili¬ 
ary colic and as a flavoring agent for liquors and 
candy. [< L. aw'y/ww starch.] 
amyla'cea cor'pora. Corpora amylacea. [L. 
fr. am'ylum starch.] 

am-y-la'ceous. Composed of starch; starchlike. 

A. corpuscles = CORPORA amylacea. 
am-yl-am'ine. A colorless liquid, CgHjjN, with an 
odor like that of ammonia; isoamylamine: it 
occurs in cod=liver oil and yeast, and is very 
poisonous. The hydrochloride has been used in 
medicine as an antipyretic, 
am'y-lase. An enzyme which splits up starch, 
am'y-late. i. Starch combined with a metal or 
radical. 2. A substitution compound of amylic 
alcohol. 

am'y-lene. A highly inflammable, transparent 
liquid, CgHjg, obtained by distilling amylic al¬ 
cohol with zinc chloride; pentene; valerene. It 
has anaesthetic properties, but is so poisonous 
that it is unsafe to use. Various isomerides of 
the above hydrocarbon are grouped together 
as amylenes. A. chloral = dormiol. A. hydrate, 
alcohol, or glycol, a, clear, colorless liquid, CgHj^O. 
It is a rapidly acting but not analgesic hypnotic. 
Hypnotic dose, 3 to 6 Cc. (45 to 90 mins.), 
am-y-le-ni-za'tion. The production of anaesthesia 
by amylene. 

a-myl'ic. Relating to starch. A. alcohol = alco¬ 
hol AMYLICUM. 
am'y-lin. =Amidin. 

am'ylis ni'tris *. A clear, palesyellowish liquid, 
C5 HjjN 02, of an ethereal, fruity odor, a pungent 
aromatic taste, a neutral or slightly acid reaction, 
and containing about 80% of amyl nitrite; amyl 
nitrite; isoamyl nitrite; amyl nitris of the 1890 
U. S. P.; amylonitrous ether. It is useful in an¬ 
gina pectoris, asthma, and epilepsy, and is used 
by breaking a capsule containing about 0.2 Cc. 
(3 mins.) of the drug upon a handkerchief and 
quickly inhaling by placing over the nose and 
mouth. Dilatation of the superficial circulation 
rapidly takes place. Amyl nitrite is antiseptic. 
[L.] t^^m'y-lism, poisoning by amyl, especially 
amyl nitrite. 

am'y-lo-. Pertaining to starch : a combining form, 
[ < L. am'ylum, fr. apylov starch.] am‘y-lo-bac'- 
ter, a bacterium containing starch.— am'y-lo- 
dex'trin, a substance produced during the con¬ 
version of starch into sugar; soluble starch; amid- 
ulin: colored yellow by iodine.— am’y-lo-dys- 
pep'si a, starch dyspepsia. i^Takasdiastase. — 
a-myl'o-form, a condensation product of starch 
and formaldehyde: used like iodoform.— a-myl'o- 
gen, a modification of starch, soluble in cold 
water: made by heating with water or glycerin 
and precipitating with alcohol, in which it may 
be afterward preserved.— am'y-lo-gen'ic, starch* 
producing.— am'y-loid. i. Resembling starch. 

2. Amyloid substance, or lardacein. A. bodies, 
concretions, or corpuscles = corpora amylacea. 
A. degeneration or disease, a degeneration in 
which a proteid substance, lardacein, is de¬ 
posited or formed in various tissues; albuminoid, 
lardaceous, fatty, or waxy degeneration. It is 
indicative of impaired nutritive function, and 
is seen chiefly in wasting diseases, such as phthi¬ 
sis, syphilis, and long*continued suppuration, 
and may be local or general, Degeneration ; 
INFILTRATION. A. infiltration, amyloid degenera- 


AMYLUM 


48 


ANACUSIS 


tion. A. kidney = LARDACEOus kidney. A. ne¬ 
phritis, NEPHRITIS. A. spleen, ^spleen. A. 
substance. i. = Lardacein. 2. Glycogen, 
fam'y-loi-do'sis = amyloid degeneration. — 
am-y-lol'y-sis, the digestion of starch, or more 
strictly, its conversion into grape-sugar by saliva 
in the process of digestion; amyloclasis. f^ni'y- 
lo-lyt'ic, tending to dissolve starch, and thus to 
favor its conversion into sugar: sometimes applied 
to the saliva and to the pancreatic juice; amylo- 
clastic.— am-y-lo-ni'trous ethers= amylis nitris*. 
— am'y-lon, either starch, glycogen, or a de¬ 
rived product found in grapes.— a-my'lo-plast = 
LEUCOPLASTiD. — am-y-lop'sin, an enzyme, simi¬ 
lar to or identical with ptyalin of the saliva, 
found in the. pancreatic juice and converting 
starch into maltose. — am'y-lose. i. Any mem¬ 
ber of the groups of carbohydrates (polysac- 
charids) with the formula (CgHioOg),,, “ n” being 
not less than 5, as starch, glycogen, cellulose. 
2. Starch granulose. 

am'y-lum*, gen. -li. Starch (com-starch), CgHj^Og, 
being the starch grains of Ze'a mays. Starch may 
also be obtained from other cereals, from the 
potato, from arrow-root, etc. It is nutrient and 
demulcent, but is seldom given medicinally. &- 
Glyceritum AMYLi*. A. ioda'tum, “iodized 
starch,” a dark-blue powder obtained by tritu¬ 
rating iodine with a little water and starch, then 
drying it at a temperature not exceeding 40° C. 
(io4°F.). A. maran'tae, arrow-root. ©"Maranta 
[L., fr. a/avXov starch.] 

a-my'o-. Denoting lack of muscular strength: a 
combining form. [< a priv.rnuscle. These 
words are etymologically incorrectly formed, the a 
priv. having been taken from its proper place and 
carried before the prefix myo-. They should 
be myo^acardia, myo^astasia, myatrophy, etc. 

Rose.] a-my-o-car'di a, muscular weakness of 
the heart, due to structural imperfection or to 
paralysis.— a-my-os-ta'si a, tremor of the muscles 
as a symptom of some neuropathy.— a-my-o- 
sthe'ni a, a want of muscular strength, or a de¬ 
ficiency of the power of muscular contraction, 
t a-my-o-sthen'ic. — a-my'o-tax-y, disturbances 
of muscular movement, either of spinal or of cer¬ 
ebral origin.— a-my-o-tro'phi a, a-my-otTo-phy, 
muscular atrophy. A. spina'lis progressi'va, pro¬ 
gressive. muscular atrophy. t3^“niy-o-troph'ic, 
as A. lateral sclerosis, sclerosis of the anterior 
horns and the pyramidal tract of the spinal cord, 
accompanied by atrophy of the muscles of the 
extremities: and A. paralysis, paralysis due to 
muscular atrophy. 

am'y-ous. Without muscle; fleshless. 

am'y-rin. A resin obtainable from Manila elemi. 

Am'yris. A genus of amyridaceous trees. A. am- 
brosi'aca, Icica. A. commiph'ora, a tree of 
India, affording a gum-resin called Indian 
bdellium. A. elemif'era, a tree supposed to yield 
gum elemi. A. gileaden'sis, the tree which af¬ 
fords balm or balsam of Gilead, tm- Balsam of 
Mecca. 

a-myx'i a. Deficiency or lack of mucus. 

An. Abbr. for anode. 

an-. fs-K-. 

a'na. a a. 

a-nab'a-sis. The increase of a disease or of a 
paroxysm. i^Acme. [Gr., “an ascending,” fr. 
avd up -f [iaivetv to go.] 

an-a-bi-o'sis. Return to conscious life; resuscita¬ 
tion. [< dvd again-f life.] fan-a-bi-ot'ic. 


an-ab'o-le. An act of ejecting upward, as by spit¬ 
ting, belching, coughing, vomiting, or hawking: 
chiefly used as a synonym of vomiting. [ Gr., 
“a throwing up.”] 

an-a-bol'er-gy. The energy expended in construc¬ 
tive metabolism. 

a-nab'o-lism. Physiological assimilation; the build¬ 
ing up of healthy tissues; assimilation; con¬ 
structive metabolism: the reverse of catabolism. 

[ < avd up -f pdXkeLv to throw, to place.] fan-a- 
bol'ic, as A. nerves, nerves which when stimulated 
produce diminished activity and consequently 
aid in constructive metabolism. ^Catabolic 
NERVES, a-nab'o-lin, any product of anabolism, 
an-a-bro'sis. Corrosion or destruction of tissue. 

[< dvdjdpoaiQ an eating up.] fan-a-brot'ic. 
anacahuite wood (an-a-ca-hwi't^). =Cordia bois- 

SIERI. 

an-a-camp'sis. A flexure; a reflection, as of sight. 

avaKdfiTrreLV to bend back.] j-an-a-camp'tic. 
an-a-camp-tom'e-ter. An instru¬ 
ment for measuring reflexes, 
an-a-can-tho'sis. =Acantho- 
LYSIS. 

Anacar'dium occidenta'le. The 

cashew-nut, or marking nut. 

It contains between its rind 
and its shell a red, inflammable, 
and very caustic liquor or oil. 

K^CaRDOL; CASHEW-TREE. 

an-a-cat-a-did'y-mus. A twin 
monster separate above and 
below, but united at the mid¬ 
dle part, as at the thorax or 
the abdomen. The Siamese 
twins were an example of this 
pathological condition, 
an-a-ca-thar'sis. Cough with expectoration, or ex¬ 
pectoration simply. [< dvd up + Kadaipeiv to 
purge.] fan-a-ca-thar'tic. 
an-a-chlor-hy'dri a. Absence of free hydrochloric 
acid in the gastric contents, Achlorhydria. 
an-a-cid'i-ty. Lack of normal acidity; inacidity: 
especially of the gastric juice, where it is almost 
invariably a symptom of cancer of the stomach. 
[< a priv. + L. a'cidus sour.] 
an-a-ci-ne'sis. i. The swinging of the arms. 2. 
Agitation of the mind. 3. Work done by way of 
preparation. [< dvaKivT^aic.] 
an-ac'la-sis. A breaking or bending backward; 
refraction. [ < dvd back KAdv to break.] tan- 
a-clas'tic. an-a-cla-sim'e-ter an instrument for 
measuring the refraction of the eye. 
an-»ac'li-sis. The decubitus of a patient; the atti¬ 
tude assumed by a sick person in bed. [< dvd 
back + kX-lvelv to lean.] 

an-a-col-le'ma. i. A medicine which induces heal¬ 
ing. 2. A frontal bandage. [ Gr.] 
an-a-cro-a'si a. Inability to understand what is 
spoken, due not to true deafness, but to some 
central lesion. [< av priv. -I- aupdaoig hearing.] 
a-nac'ro-tism. A dentated irregularity in th© upper 
part of the ascending curve of a sphygmographic 
pulse-tracing. It is sometimes a sign of left 
ventricular dilatation and hypertrophy, or of lack 
of resilience in the arterial walls. [<avd up -f 
Kpdroq stroke.] as A. pulse. 

an-ac-te'sis. The recovery of the health. [< 
dvdKTrjaiQ recovery.] 

an-a-cu'sis. Deafness due to some nerve-lesion, 
disease of the labyrinth, or functional disease, as 
hysteria. [ < av priv. -f dKoveiv to hear.] 



Anacatadidymus. 



ANADENIA 


49 


ANAGALLIS ARVENSIS 


an-a-de'ni a. Absence or disappearance of glands. 
i^5*Achylia. a. ventric'uli, complete disappear¬ 
ance of the mucous membrane of the stomach; a 
condition that may occur in pernicious anaemia. 
[< av priv. + a 6 -tjv gland.] 

an-a-dic'ro-tism. A pulse whose sphygmographic 
tracing shows two indentations on the ascending 
wave. ^ Anacrotism; anatricrotic. [< avd 
up + dig twice + Kporog stroke.] fan-a-di-crot'ic. 
an-a-did'y-mous. Divided from below upward; 
said of monsters which are twins below but be¬ 
come single toward the cephalic pole. [ < dvd 
up + diSvfiog twin.] f^ii-a-did'y-mus. 
an-a-dip'si a. Excessive thirst. [ < dvd intensive 
-f- dlipa thirst.] 

an'a-drome. Recession of a pain or of a humor 
from the lower to the upper parts of the body, 
-anae. A suffix added to the stem of a genus name 
to form the name of a subtribe; thus, Rosa'nae, 
fr. Ro'sa. Amer. Code of Bot. Nomenclature.] 
a-naem-a-to-poi-e'sis. Imperfect formation of the 
blood. [ <av priv. -f- aijia blood -\-ttolcIv to make.] 
m-ae-ma-to'sis. i. Deficiency of blood, either in 
quantity or in quality. 2. Primary pernicious 
anaemia. [< av priv. -f- h^matosis.] 
a-nae'mi a, a-ne'mi a. Deficiency of the blood in 
quantity, either general or local; deficiency of the 
most important constituents of the blood, espe¬ 
cially the red blood=corpuscles. It may be due to 
direct loss of blood, to parasites (as Ankylos'tomum 
duodena'le), or to disease in which digestion and 
assimilation are impaired, and is marked by 
paleness of the skin and mucous membranes, 
weakness, palpitation of the heart, etc. Chlo¬ 
rosis; ischemia; leukemia; olig.emia; oligo- 
chrom^emia; oligocythemia. Specially named 
varieties are Addison's or Biermer's (= idio¬ 
pathic), Aplastic, Cerebral, Chlorotic (= chlo¬ 
rosis), Cytogenic or essential (= idiopathic). 
Fecal, Globular, Hemorrhagic, Idiopathic, 
Lymphatic (= Hodgkin’s disease), Afa/fgnaw^ (= 
idiopathic), Miners' (= ankylostomiasis). Pa¬ 
ludal, Pernicious, primary, or progressive perni¬ 
cious (= idiopathic). Secondary, Spastic, Spi¬ 
nal, Splenic, Traumatic, Tropical, and Tunnel 
(= ankylostomiasis), a. infan'tum pseudoleu- 
cae'mica = pseudoleukemia, infantile. A. 
lymphat'ica = Hodgkin’s disease. A. progressi'va 
pernicio'sa = idiopathic anemia. A. splen'ica, a 
disease characterized by progressive anaemia and 
enlargement of the spleen without involvement of 
the lymphatic glands or leucocythaemia. ^Hodg¬ 
kin’s DISEASE. A. trop'ica = ankylostomiasis. 
[ < ap priv. -4- alfia blood.] fa-nae'mi ac, a per¬ 
son affected with anaemia, 
a-naem'ic, a-nae'mi al, a-nem'ic, a-ne'mi al. In a 
state of anaemia. A. cataphoresis, catapho- 
REsis. A. headache, headache due to local or 
general anaemia. A. murmur, a murmur due to 
deterioration in the quality of the blood. A. ne¬ 
crosis, necrosis due to the obstruction of the cir¬ 
culation of a part. A. protrusion (of the eyeball), 
exophthalmic goitre. A. urine, the urine pecu¬ 
liar to anaemic persons. 

an-ae-moch'ro-ous. Of a pale, bloodless complexion. 

[<. av priv. -f- alfia blood + complexion.] 
an-ae-mot'ro-phy. A deficiency of sanguineous 
nourishment. [ < av priv. -f al/ia blood + Tpo<j>d 
nourishment.] 

an-ae-ret'ic. i. Destructive of tissue. 2. Any 
agent, therapeutic or other, that tends to destroy 
tissue. [ < dvaipkrrfg destroyer.] 

4 


an-a'e-robe, an-a-e-ro'bi on. Any anaerobic micro* 
organism, Facultative anaerobe. 
an-a-e-ro'bi a. i. The quality of not requiring ah 
or free oxygen for the support of life; character¬ 
istic of some microsorganisms. 2. PI. The anae¬ 
robic organisms. i^Aerobia. [< av priv. + 
drjp air -f ( 3 iog life.] fan-a-e-ro'bic, -ro'bi ous, 
an-a'e-ro-bi-ot'ic, as A. fermentation, fermenta¬ 
tion which takes place without the necessity of 
oxygen, as lactic fermentation, 
an-a'e-ro-bi-o'sis. =Anaerobia, def. i. 
an-a'e-ro-phyte. Any anaerobic micro*organism 
belonging to the vegetable kingdom, 
an-a'e-ro-plas-ty. A method of dressing wouncis 
with water so that air is excluded, 
a-nae'sin. = Chloretone. 

an-ses-the'si a, an-es-the'si a. i. Loss of feeling or 
perception, in part or whole, especially of tactile 
sensibility. It occurs, in hemiplegia, hysteria, 
hypnotism, leprosy, locomotor ataxia, railway 
spine, etc., and as the result of the employment 
of a general or local anesthetic. 2. The pro¬ 
duction of this condition. ^Ageusia; analge¬ 
sia; Angiospastic, hyperesthesia. Special va¬ 
rieties are Bier's local anesthesia), Bulbar, 
Cataphoretic, Central, Cerebral, Crossed, 
Dental, Dissociation, def. i., Doll’s*head, 
Electrical, Facial, General, Girdle, Gusta¬ 
tory, Infiltration, Local, Mixed, Muscular, 
Olfactory, Peripheral, Primary, Rectal, 
Schleich’s Infiltration, Schleich’s infiltra¬ 
tion ANESTHESIA, ScoPOLAMINEsMORPHINE, SPI¬ 
NAL, Surgical, Tactile, Thermic, Total, Uni¬ 
lateral, and Visceral. A. dolo-ro'sa, a condition 
in which a part whose nerves are paralyzed, per¬ 
manently or temporarily, seems to suffer from a 
pain which is really reflex, the painful lesion be¬ 
ing in some other part. A. paralysis, paralysis 
following the use of anaesthetics or too long=con- 
tinued compression during operations. A. pneu¬ 
monia, ether pneumonia. [ < av priv. + a'laddveadat 
to perceive.] 

an-aes-the-sim'e-ter. i. An instrument for meas¬ 
uring anaesthetics. 2. An aesthesiometer. 
an-aes-the'sin. Paramidobenzoic acid ethylester, a 
powder; used as a local anaesthetic, 
an-aes-thet'ic, an-es-thet'ic, an-aes-the'si ant. i. Hav¬ 
ing no perception or sense of touch. A. lep¬ 
rosy = lepra ANESTHETiCA. 2. A medicine or 
drug capable of producing anaesthesia; distin¬ 
guished as general or local, as it produces general 
or local anaesthesia. Anodyne; narcotic. 
Among the more important general anaesthetics 
are amylene, carbon tetrachloride, chloral hy¬ 
drate, chloroform, ethylene chloride, ether, hydro- 
bromic ether, methylene bichloride, nitrous oxide, 
etc. Local anaesthetics include alcohol, antipy- 
rine, carbolic acid, cocaine, cold, ether spray, euca- 
ine, holocaine, magnesium sulphate, scopolamine* 
morphine, stovaine, etc. fan-aes'the-tist, an-aes'- 
the-ti-zer, one who administers an anaesthetic, an- 
aes-thet-i-za'tion. The process of overcoming sensi¬ 
bility by means of an anaesthetic, an-aes'-the-tize. 
an-aes-thet'o-spasm. Spasm with anaesthesia, 
an-aes'thol. i. A local anaesthetic composed of ethyl 
and methyl chloride. 2. A general anaesthetic 
containing ether, chloroform, and ethyl chloride. 
Anagal'lis arven'sis. Common pimpernel or poor 
man’s weather-glass, a primulaceous herb, intro¬ 
duced into the United States; antispasmodic and 
used in epilepsy, hydrophobia, etc.; also applied 
locally to ulcers. Dose of fl. ext., 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). 


ANAGENNESIS 


50 


ANAPHIA 


an-a-gen-ne'sis. The restoration of destroyed parts 
by trophic processes. [< avd again + yevvdv to 
generate.] 

an'a-gl5rph. An apparatus in which two stereo- 
ssopic pictures, approximately superimposed and 
printed in two colors, are viewed through two 
glasses of corresponding colors, 
an-a-gno-sas-the'ni a. Distress on attempting to 
read: a symptom of a variety of neurasthenia. 
[< dvdyvioaig reading + asthenia.] 
an'a-graph. A recipe or prescription. [< dvd, up 
+ypd^eiv to write.] 

an-a-gy'rine. An alkaloid, Ci4HjgN202, from the 
seeds of Anagy'ris fce'iida: a respiratory poison, 
an-ak'hre. =Henpue. 
an-a-kro-a'si a. — Anacroasia. 
an-a-ku'sis. =Anacusis. 

a'nal. Pertaining to the anus. A. canal, the third 
portion of the rectum, extending from the peri¬ 
neal flexure to the anus. A. dilator, an instru¬ 
ment for dilating the anal sphincter. A. fascia, 
the thin fascial expansion covering the inferior 
surface of the levator ani muscle. A. fissure, a 
painful slit or small ulcer of the mucous mem¬ 
brane within the sphincter of the anus. A. 
fistula = FISTULA IN ANO. A. invagination = 
PROCTODEUM. A. levator = levator ani. A. 
membrane, the epithelial partition separating 
the hindsgut from the exterior before the de¬ 
velopment of the anus. A. plate, a bridge of 
tissue which temporarily closes the anal canal. 
A. refiex, contraction of the anal sphincter fol¬ 
lowing irritation of the skin and mucous mem¬ 
brane of the anus. A. sphincter = sphincter 
ANI. A. supporter, an apparatus for supporting 
a prolapsed anus. [< L. ana'lis, fr. a'nus.] 
an-a-lep'sis, an-a-lep'si a. i. Recovery of strength 
after sickness. 2. Epilepsy due to disorder of 
the stomach. [< d,va?ia/Li(^dv£iv to take again, 
to recover.] fan-a-lep'tic. i. Belonging to 
analepsis; restorative. 2. A restorative med¬ 
icine. 

an-al'gen. Orthosethoxyanamonobenzoylamidochi- 
noline, Cj8HjgN2Q2. a colorless, crystalline, anti¬ 
pyretic, antirheumatic, and analgesic. Dose, 0.5 
to I Gm. (8 to 15 grs.), increased if necessary. 
[ < av priv. -f alyog pain.] 
an-al-ge'si a. Insensibility to pain; also, absence of 
pain; a form of partial anaesthesia, in which the 
sensation of touch may persist. A. al'gera or 
doloro'sa, acute pain in a part in which sensibility 
is lost. A. pana'ris = morvan’s disease. [< av 
priv. -f dXyelv to feel pain.] fan-al-ges'ic, an- 
al-get'ic, pertaining to analgesia; removing pain, 
as a drug; feeling no pain, as A. tract, a tract of 
the spinal cord “bordering on the entry line of 
the posterior roots and the posterior hoin on one 
side and the periphery of the cord on the other ”: 
so called because it has been found affected in all 
cases of analgesia, 
an-al-ge'sine. =Antipyrine. 
an-al'gia. = Analgesia, tan-al'gic. 
an-al'gin. = Creolin. 

an'a-logue. A part or organ in one animal having 
the same function, though not necessarily the 
same structure, as another part or organ in a 
different animal. i^Homologue. [<. dvdloyog 
conformable.] 

a-nal'o-gy. The relation of things or parts of dif¬ 
ferent nature but of similar function: the oppo¬ 
site of HOMOLOGY. [ < dvd according to -f Idyoc 
proportion.] fa-nal'o-gism, diagnosis by anal¬ 


ogy. a-nal'o-gous, as A. tissue, a diseased tissue 
resembling a normal elementary tissue of the 
body. 

a-nal'y-sis, pi. -ses. The process of separating any 
compound substance into its constituents. Chem¬ 
ical analysis is the identification and separation 
of the elements of a compound. The process 
which ascertains what elements are present in 
the compound is termed qualitative analysis. 
That which ascertains the absolute or relative 
quantities of the elements or constituents is 
quantitative analysis. Other kinds of analysis are 
Colorimetric, Densimetric, Gasometric, 
Gravimetric, Organic, Proximate, Spectro¬ 
scopic, Spectrum, Ultimate, and Volumetric. 

[ < civaXveiv to undo, to resolve into its elements.] 
fan'a-lyst, one who makes analyses. an-a-lyt'i- 
cal, an-a-lyt'ic, as A. chemistry, chemistry w'hose 
purpose is the analysis of bodies, an'a-ly-zer, in 
a polarizing apparatus, the second nicol’s prism, 
used to determine the amount of rotation of the 
plane of polarization. 

Anamir'ta coc'culus or panicula'ta. The plant which 
affords cocculus indicus from which an-a-mir'- 
tin, a glucoside, C49H3g02. is obtained, 
an-am-ne'si a, -ne'sis. The investigation of the 
past history of a case of disease, as obtained from 
the patient himself or his relatives. [ < dvdfivrjaiq a 
recalling to mind.] t^n-am-nes'tic, -nes'ti-cal. 
an-am-ni-ot'ic. Lacking an amnion, 
an-a-mor'pho-sis. In biology, the gradual progres¬ 
sion from one type into another. [ < d,vafiop<j)Ovv 
to form anew.] 

an-an-a-ba'si a. Inability to ascend high places. 

[ < UP priv. -f- avdfiaaig an ascending.] 
an-an-a-sta'si a. Inability to rise from a sitting 
position or to stand up. [<av priv. -f dvdaTaai^ 
a rising up.] 

an-an'dri a. Impotence of the male. [ < av priv. 
-f d.vr]p man.] 

an-an'gic. Lacking blood*vessels: applied espe¬ 
cially to the retina when the blood*vessels are 
obliterated. [< av priv. -f dyyeJov vessel.] 
an-an-gi-o-pla'si a. Congenital diminution of the 
calibre of the arteries. 

an-ant'-, an-an'to-. Denoting steepness: a combin¬ 
ing form. [<avdvr;75- steep.] an-an-to-chas'- 
mus, a term for a skull in which the line between 
the basion and the staphylion has a forward in¬ 
clination.— an-an-to-cor'y-phus, a term denoting 
a skull in which the angle between the radius 
fixus and a line from the bregma to the lambda 
is between 52° and 41°.— an-an-to-py'lus, a term 
denoting a skull in which the foramen magnum 
is directed forward when referred to the radius 
fixus as a horizontal.— an-an*tu-ra-nis'cus, a 
term denoting a skull in which a line from the 
posterior edge of the incisive foramen to the 
alveolar point has a forward inclination.— an-an- 
tu'ra-nus, a term for a skull in which the palate 
is directed forward when referred to the radius 
fixus as a horizontal. 

an-a-pei-rat'ic. Due to excessive use; applied to 
diseases arising from overuse of parts, as writers’ 
cramp. [ < dvaireipdadai to try or do again.] 
an-a-phal-an-ti'a-sis. Loss or absence of the eye¬ 
brows. [ < dvd up -t- ^dlavdo^ bald in front.] 
an'a-phase. Any one of the phenomena of karyo- 
kinesis occurring during the formation of the 
daughter nuclei. [ < dvd up -f ^daig phase.] 
an-a'phia. Defect of or absencs of the sense of 
touch. [< av priv. touch.] 


-V^ 


ANAPHORESIS 


51 


ANATHERAPEUSIS 


an-a-pho-re'sis. Decrease in the activity of the 
sweatsglands. [ <dva^£pe«v to bring back.] fan- 
a-pho-ret'ic. 

an-a-pho'ri a. A tendency of the eyes or visual 
axes to turn upward. [ < avacpepeLv to lift up.] 
an-aph-ro-dis'i a. Impotence; incapability of sex¬ 
ual intercourse, from whatever cause; absence of 
sexual appetite. [ < av priv. + acppodiaia lust.] 
fan-aph-ro-dis'i ac. i. Allaying sexual desire. 
2. A medicine which allays sexual desire, an- 
aph-ro-di'tous, having no sexual desire, 
an-a-phrom'e-li. Clarified honey. [ L.] 
an-a-phy-lax'is, -lax'i a. The induction of disease, 
as opposed to prophylaxis; specifically, the in¬ 
creased susceptibility to a toxin exhibited by an 
animal which has survived a non=fatal dose of the 
same substance; serum disease; hypersuscepti¬ 
bility; paradoxical reaction ; Theobald Smith phe¬ 
nomenon. Hay FEVER. The theory has been 
advanced that the hypersusceptibility is due to 
the increased development in the treated animal 
of specific zymogens, which on activation split up 
the whole proteid subsequently in jected so rapidly 
that the animal is overwhelmed by the action of 
the toxic portion, [ < ap priv. -f <pv?.a^ a guardian.] 
fan-a-phy-lac'tia, a phenomenon of hypersuscep¬ 
tibility to the proteins of tomatoes, crabs, eggs, 
and other foods. [U/. A. M. A. ij. ’lo.] an-a- 
phy-lac'tic. an-a-phy-lac'tin, the substance caus¬ 
ing anaphylaxis. 

a-naph'y-sis. The regeneration or repair of tissue, 
an-a-pla'sis, an-a-pla'si a. The stage or process of 
progressive development; the age of growth, 
an'a-plas-ty. Surgical operations for the restora¬ 
tion of lost parts, or for the reparation of certain 
deformities or natural defects in the structure of 
the body; plastic surgery. [< avd again + TzXda- 
aeiv to form or fashion.] fan-a-plas'tic. i. Of 
or belonging to anaplasty, as A. surgery. 2. A 
medicine which increases the plastic qualities of 
the blood. 

an-a-ple-ro'sis. The supplementing or repair of 
parts destroyed, as in wounds, cicatrices, etc. 
[< dvaTT^Tjpovv to fill again.] 
an-ap'no-graph. A device for recording the respi¬ 
ratory movements and the amount of air respired, 
an-a-pno'ic. Relating to the respiration, 
an-ap-nom'e-ter. A spirometer. [ < avanvo?] respi¬ 
ration + fierpov measure.] 

an-a-poph'y-sis. A small downward^pointing proc¬ 
ess seen behind the base of each transverse proc¬ 
ess of a lumbar vertebra; an accessory process, 
an-ap-o-thym'i a. Weakness of the will; defective 
wilDpower; inability to resist another’s will. [< 
av priv. -I- arrS away-h dvpog will.] 
an-ap'tic. Marked by anaphia. 

an-ap'ty-sis. The act of expectoration. [<dvd up 
-I- TTTVeiV to spit.] 

a-nar'co-tine. A name for narcotine, due to its lack 
of narcotic properties. 

an-ar-chas^ma. Mental disease in which obsessions 
preponderate. 

. an-a-rith'mi a. Inability to count, [^avpriv. + 
dpiO/xS^ number.] 

an-ar^ra-phe. An operation for ptosis of the upper 
eyelid, performed by excising a horizontal fold of 
skin and sewing together the edges of the wound. 
[<Cdvd np+pa(l>?/ seam or suture.] 
an-ar-rheg'ny-mous. Breaking out ; applied to 
fractures which become disunited and to ulcers 
which have healed and broken out again, [<C 
dvapprjyvvvat to break forth.] 


an-ar-rhex'is. The surgical refracture of a bone 
the surgical breaking up of the tissues which 
hold a displaced bone after a neglected luxation. 

[ < dvd again +p 7 ]yvvvaL to break.] 
an-ar-rhoe'a. A flowing of humors from the lower 
to the upper portions of the body. [ < dvd up¬ 
ward -I- poia a flow.I 

an-ar'thri a. A condition marked by inability to 
speak or articulate distinctly, owing to a lesion in 
or near the lenticular nucleus of the brain, the 
ability to understand what is said and to read 
and write being retained; subcortical motor 
aphasia, Dysarthria ; dyslalia. A. litera'lis 
or syllaba'ris, a spastic coordination neurosis, 
causing spasmodic contractions at the pronuncia¬ 
tion of certain letters (especially p, b, t, d, k, g .); 
stammering. [<aR priv. + dpdpov joint, articula- 
tion.] fan-ar'thric. 

an-a-sar'ca. Dropsy in the integuments of the 
body ; general dropsy, as distinguished from 
dropsy of some particular organ or part; oedema 
of connective tissue; sarcites. [<am through-b 
cdp^ the flesh.] fan-a-sar'cous. 
an-a-sar'cin. A proprietary remedy for dropsy, 
an-a-spa'di as,-spa'di a. == Epispadia. [<am up 
-f GTcdv to draw, to tear.] fan-a-spa'di ac. 
an-a-stal'tic. Styptic or astringent, as a medicine. 

[ < am upward -f- arkTCkztv to contract.] 
a-nas'ta-sis. Convalescence; resuscitation; a get¬ 
ting up from bed during an illness. [<dvdaTaGiQ 
a setting up.] a material or sub¬ 

stance resulting from anabolism; the product of 
an anabolic process, an-a-stat'ic, pertaining to 
or of the nature of an anastasis or of an ana- 
state; restorative. 

a-nas-tig-mat'ic. Corrected for astigmatism, 
nas'tig-mat, the trade name for such a lens, 
a-nas'to-le. Retraction, as of the edges of a wound. 

[< dvd back+ arelXeiv to send.] 
a-nas-to-mo'sis. i. The communication of branches 
of vessels with one another, as the blood-vessels 
around the ankle, knee, or elbow, j®-Crucial a.; 
Jacobson’s a. 2. The formation of a communi¬ 
cation between any two hollow organs which 
are normally distinct, Intestinal a. [< dvd 
by, through + oropa a mouth.] fa-nas-to-mo'- 
sant, connecting or connected by anastomosis, 
a-nas'to-mose, -mize. a-nas-to-mot'ic. i. Of 
the nature of anastomosis, as the A. fibres of the 
acoustic vein: A. = aneurism by anas¬ 

tomosis; A. arch, an arched vessel uniting two 
arteries or veins: A. artery, anastomotica 
MAGNA : and A. vein of Trolard, a large vein on 
the external surface of the brain at the level of 
the central fissure, opening partly into the longi¬ 
tudinal sinus and partly below into the cavernous 
or the superpetrous sinus. 2. Any medicine 
supposed to open the mouths of vessels; a su¬ 
dorific, cathartic, or deobstruent, anastomot'ica 
mag'na. r. A branch of the femoral artery sup¬ 
plying the knee-joint and the surrounding mus¬ 
cles and the integument of the thigh. 2. A 
branch of the brachial artery supplying the elbow, 
a-nas'tro-phe. Reversal of the position of parts, 
as in dextrocardia, etc. [< am over + arpe<peiv 
to turn.] 

anat. Abbr. for anatomy, 

an-a-tax'ia. The restoration, by surgical means, 
of displaced parts. [ < dvd back +raiEf order.] 
an-a-ther-a-peu'sis. Treatment by continually in¬ 
creasing doses. [< dvd upward + depaizevai^ 
treatment.] 


ANATHREPSIS 


52 


ANCHOVY 


an-a-threp'sis. The restoration of wasted tissues. 

[< avdSpeipcc new growth.] 
a-nat'o-le. i. = Lunula. 2. Growth, 
an-a-tom'i-cal, an-a-tom'ic. Belonging to anatomy. 
A. conjugates, measurements between anatomical 
points of the pelvis as distinguished from the 
available obstetrical diameters during labor. A. 
element, a component cell of the body. A. injec¬ 
tion, an injection of fluid into the vessels or other 
parts of a cadaver to facilitate dissection or to 
preserve the parts. A. neck, the constricted por¬ 
tion of a bone, as of the humerus or the femur, 
just below the articular surface, for attachment 
of the capsular ligament; collum anatomicum*. 
A. position, the body in an erect posture and the 
palms of the hands turned forward. A. rigidity 
= RIGOR MORTIS. A. rigidity of the cervix uteri, 
rigidity of the cervix uteri during labor, in which 
it retains its length and does not dilate. A. sub¬ 
ject, e®- SUBJECT. A. tubercle, a wartslike growth 
on the hands of those who are engaged in dis¬ 
secting, caused by the poisonous fluids of the dead 
body; dissection tubercle. {K'L. anatom'icus.'] 
an-a-tom'i-co-. Pertaining to anatomy, as an-a- 
tom-i-co-path-o-log'ic; an-a-tom'i-co-phys-i-o- 
log'ic, and an-a-tom*i-co-sur'gi-cal. 
a-nat'o-mism. Anatomical structure; anatomy re¬ 
garded as an element in the phenomena of life or 
of disease. 

anat'o-mist. One skilled in anatomy; a dissector of 
organized bodies, whether human, brute=animal 
(then called zodtomist), or vegetable (then called 
phytotomist). 

a-nat'o-mists’ snuffsbox. The hollow in the back 
of the hand at the base of the thumb, formed, 
when the thumb is strongly bent back, between 
the tendons of the extensors of the thumb, 
a-nat'o-mize. To dissect; to study anatomical 
structure. 

an-a-to-mog'ra-phy. A treatise on anatomy. [ < 
avarojita anatomyto write.] 
a-nat'o-my. Generally, the dissection of organized 
bodies, whether human, brute*animal, or vegeta¬ 
ble. Also, that science which has for its subjects 
organized bodies in a state of rest, and for its aim 
a knowledge of their constitution or structure. 
Applied a., anatomy employed as an aid to diag¬ 
nosis and treatment. Artificial a., imitated dis¬ 
sections in wax, etc. Comparative a., the dissec¬ 
tion of animals, plants, etc., with the view of 
comparing one with another in order to deter¬ 
mine those characteristics and principles of 
structure which are common. Corrosion a., dis¬ 
section of parts or organs, accomplished by eating 
away the tissue by means of a corrosive substance 
after means have been taken to preserve cer¬ 
tain of their elements as of the vessels by injection. 
Descriptive a., the systematic description of the 
various parts composing the organism. General 
a., a description of the structure and nature of 
the various morphological elements and element¬ 
ary tissues, apart from any consideration of the 
organs they compose. Gross or macroscopic a., 
anatomy as studied by the naked eye, as distin¬ 
guished from Histological, microscopic, or minute 
a., that studied by aid of the microscope. 
Human a., the dissection of man. Medical a., 
the consideration of anatomical details with 
especial regard to their application to the recog¬ 
nition, study, and treatment of disease. Morbid 
a., Pathological a., the investigation of struct¬ 
ural changes in organs, caused by disease, or due 


to congenital malformation. Physiological a., 
the consideration of the organs of animals wdth 
regard to their respective functions in the healthy 
state. Regional a. = TOPOGRAPHICAL A. Special 
a., that branch of anatomy which treats of the 
particular organs or parts (in a state of health), 
as contradistinguished from general anatomy, 
which treats of the tissues, etc., common to 
the various organs. Surgical a., the examina¬ 
tion of the various parts of the body and of 
their precise situation and relations to one an¬ 
other, with a special reference to surgery. 
Topographical a., the consideration of the vari¬ 
ous parts, with especial reference to their 
exact position and mutual relations. Transcen¬ 
dental a., that branch of anatomy which treats 
of the development of parts, their analo¬ 
gies and homologies, their morphological signifi¬ 
cance, their fundamental model or type, and 
their approximation to, or deviation from, that 
model; philosophical anatomy. Vegetable a., 
ANATOMIST. [< L. anato'mia, fr. dvd up 
to cut.] 

an-a-tre'sis, an-a-tre'si a. A perforation; the act 
of trephining. [< avdrprjOL^ a boring through.] 
an-a-tri-crot'ic. A term denoting a pulse whose 
sphygmographic tracing shows three indenta¬ 
tions on the ascending wave, Anacrotism ; 
ANADicROTic. taii-a-tric'rot-ism. 
an-a-trip'sis. i. A rubbing or friction as a thera¬ 
peutic process. 2. The removal of a spot or of 
a tubercle by rubbing 01 scratching. 3. The 
crushing of a bone or of a calculus. [ < avarpLipiQ 
a rubbing up.] fan-a-trip'tic. an-a-trip-soTo-gy, 
the science of the remedial uses of friction, 
an-a-troph'ic. Not permitting atrophy, as thera¬ 
peutic agents which hinder tissue^waste. 
an-a-tro'pi a. = Anaphoria. 
a-nat'to. =Annotto. 

an-au'di a. Deprivation of voice, Aphonia. 
an'ax-on, an'ax-one. A neuron devoid of an axis* 
cylinder process. 

an-az-o-tu'ri a. Chronic diuresis in which there is 
a deficiency of urea. [< av priv. + L. azo'tum 
nitrogen -i- ovpov urine.] 

an'bu-ry. A soft, bloody tumor of horses and 
cattle. 

Anchie'tea saluta'ris. A Brazilian tree, the bark of 
the root of which contains an-chi'e-tin, a crystal¬ 
line organic base. [< Jos 6 de Anchieta, Portu¬ 
guese Jesuit, 1533-1597-] 

an'chi-lops. A stage of fistula lacrimalis, or of an 
abscess in the lachrymal region, before the in¬ 
flamed swelling bursts. [ < ayxi near to -f wi/) 
the eye.] 

an-chlor-hy'dri a. = Achlorhydria. 
an'cho-ne. The sensation of strangling in hysteria 
[ < hyx^LV to strangle.] 

an'chor-age. i. The fixation of a floating viscus, 
whether by suture or by an inflammatory exuda¬ 
tion. 2. In dentistry, the point of fixation for 
fillings, artificial crowns, or bridges, 
an-cho-ra'lis. The coracoid process of the scapula. 

[ < L. an'chora an anchor.] 

an'chorssplint. A splint with metal loops fitting 
over the teeth and held together by a rod: for 
fracture of the jaw. 

an-cho'vy. A small fish allied to the salmon, smelt, 
etc.: eaten preserved as a relish. A.ssauce spu¬ 
tum, a reddish-brown sputum containing amoebae 
and liver cells: characteristic of a hepatopulmon- 
ary amoebic abscess. 


ANCHUSA 


53 


ANEMONE 


4 nchu'sa. A genus of boraginaceous plants. A. 
tincto'ria, dyers’ alkanet. The root abounds in 
the red coloringsmatter called alkanet, used by 
dyers; it is also used for imparting a deep red to 
oils, ointments, and plasters. From it an'chu-sin 
or an-chu'sic acid, CggH^^Og, a redscolored princi¬ 
ple, is obtained. A. officinalis, garden alkanet. 
[ < ayx^iv to choke. H L. ’o6.] 
an-chy'lo-. = Ankylo-. 
an'cil-la-ry. Auxiliary; subservient, 
an-cip'i-tal. Two-headed. [< L. an'ceps double.] 
Ancis'trodon. A genus of poisonous serpents, as A. 
cantor'trix, the copperhead, and A. pisciv'orus, 
the water moccasin, Snake. 
an'con. The point of the elbow; the olecranon of 
the ulna. [< aynuv the elbow.] t^^'co-nal. 
an'co-nad. Toward the anconal side of the arm or 
of the elbow; toward the ancon, 
an-co-nae'us. = Anconeus. 

an-co-nag'ra. A gouty attack of the elbow. [< 
ayKuv elbow + ay pa seizure.] 
an-co-ne'us. Pertaining to the elbow: formerly ap¬ 
plied to various muscles attached to the olecra¬ 
non, now limited to one, arising from the external 
condyle of the humerus and inserted into the 
olecranon and the upper part of the forearm. 
It is an extensor of the forearm. [ L., fr. an'con.] 
fan'co-nal, an-co'ne al, belonging to the ancon or 
elbow. A. aspect, that aspect of a part which 
looks toward the ancon, or elbow. A. fossa 

= OLECRANOID FOSSA. 

an-co-noc'a-ce. — Anconagra. 
an'co-noid. Resembling the ancon. [< ayKtJV 
elbow 4- elchc resemblance.] 
an-cy'lo-. = Ankylo-: a combining form, 
an-cy'roid. Resembling an anchor. e^Anchor- 
ALis. A. cavity = DIGITAL CAVITY. A. process, 
the coracoid process of the scapula. [ < ayKvpa 
anchor -t-fIdof resemblance.] 

An'da as'su. =Joannesia. A. gome'si, a euphor- 
biaceous tree of Brazil. The oil of Anda, ob¬ 
tained from its seeds, is cathartic, and the shell 
of the fruit astringent. 

An'der-nach’s ossicles. = Wormian bones. 
An'dersch’s ganglion. = Petrous ganglion. A.’s 
nerve = Jacobson’s nerve. 

Andi'ra anthelmin'tica. A Brazilian tree, the wood 
of which supplies an-di'rin, a brown coloring- 
matter. A. araro'ba, a large leguminous tree of 
Brazil, yielding Goa powder. 
an-do'lin. A local anaesthetic said to consist of 
beta-eucaine and stovaine with .suprarenalin hy¬ 
drochloride. [ TI Monatsh. f. prakt. Dermat. ’07.] 
an-dras-doe'a. The male organs of generation. [ < 
avTjp man-f- aldoia genitals.] 

An'dral’s sign or decubitus. The position usually 
assumed in the early stage of pleurisy by the pa¬ 
tient, who seeks to alleviate the pain by lying on 
the sound side. 

an-dra-nat'o-my. Dissection of the human body, 
particularly the male; androtomy. [ < dvhp man 
-t- avarefivELV to cut up.] 

An'dr^’s test. A test for quinine, made by adding 
chlorine water and ammonia to the solution, 
when a green color is produced, which changes 
to blue on saturation with an acid, and then to 
green on addition of ammonia, 
an'dro-. Relating to man: a combining form.* &- 
Anthropo-. [Kavrjp man.] an‘dro-ga-lac-to- 
ze'mi a, flow of milk from the mamma of the 
male.— an-dro-gen'e-sis, the development of man; 
human development. Jan-dro-gen'e id; an-drog'- 


e-nous.—an-dro-gy-ne'i-ty, an-drog'y-ny, an-dro- 
gyn'i a, a form of partial pseudohermaphroditism 
in which the external genitals are male, the 
breasts developed, and an appearance of nymphae 
is caused by a median fissure of the scrotum, 
tan-drog'y-nism, hermaphroditism.— an-dro-gyn- 
o-a'ri on, the sexual apparatus of the embryo 
before the determination of sex.— an-drog'y-nous, 
hermaphrodite; of double or of doubtful sex.— 
an-drog'y-nus, an hermaphrodite or an effeminate 
person.— an-drol'o-gy, a treatise on man, and on 
his constitution as distinguished from that of 
woman, e®-Gynecology. — an-dro-ma'ni a. i. 
= Nymphomania. 2. Unnatural or sodomitic 
lust.— an-dro-pho'bi a, insane dread of man or 
of the male sex.— an'dro-pho-no-ma'ni a, homi¬ 
cidal insanity, es- Amok. — an-drot'o-my = an- 

DRANATOMY. 

Androm'eda. A genus of ericaceous trees and 
shrubs, various species of which, as A. maria'na, 
A. ni'tida, and A. polyfo'lia, are poisonous. From 
several species of this genus and other ericaceous 
plants, the poisonous crystalline hypnotic, an- 
drom'e-do-tox'in or an-drom-e-tox'in, acting by 
inhibition of the respiratory centres, is obtained. 
Androp'ogon. A genus of grasses, as A. citra'tus, a 
species of Arabia and Turkey: formerly used as 
a stomachic and deobstruent, 
an'drum. A species of hydrocele, or more properly 
scrotal elephantiasis, peculiar to the south of Asia 
and the Levant. [< Hindoo, “testicle.” Cf. 
Mod. Gr. avSpopr) andrum.] 

-ane. An ending denoting a saturated hydro¬ 
carbon of the paraffin series, i. e., a compound in 
which the carbon atoms are united by single 
bonds or valences, thus: 

H H H H H 

II III 

ethane, H-C—C-H ; propane, H—C—C—C-H. 

II III 

H H H H H 

an-ec'ta-sin. A bacterial substance affecting the 
vasomotor nerves, in a manner opposite to that 

of ECTASIN. 

an-e-lec'tric. Not electrifiable by friction. Di¬ 
electric. 

an-e-lec'trode. The positive pole of a battery. [< 
avd upward 4 - electrode.] 
an-e-lec-trot'o-nus. A condition of diminished 

tone or irritability in a nerve when electrified by 
the anode of a galvanic current: the opposite of 
CATELECTROTONUS. [<. av priv. -f yTiEHTpov elec¬ 
tricity 4- rdvoq tension.] fan-e-lec-tro-ton'ic, as 

A. current, the electric current near the anode: 
and A. zone = polar zone. 

Anel’s operation (a-ndz). Ligating the artery on 
the proximal side of, and close to, the aneurism. 
A.’s probe or sound, a probe used in dilating 
lachrymal strictures. A.’s syringe, a very deli¬ 
cate syringe for the lachrymal ducts, 
a-ne'mia, a-ne'mic, etc. = Anaemia, anemic, etc. 
Anem'one. A genus of ranunculaceous perennial 
herbaceous plants containing a-nem'o-nol, an ex¬ 
ceedingly irritant volatile oil, and a-nem'o-nin, 
CjgHgO^, a form of camphor which is convertible 
into an unstable crystalline principle, a-ne-mon'ic 
acid. ES" Pulsatilla. Some of the better 
known species are A. nemoro'sa, or wind-flower, 
a native of Europe, Asia, and the United States’ 
A. pa'tens, the systematic name of the American 


ANEMOPATHY 


54 


ANEURISMORRHAPHY 


pasque-flower, a native of Illinois, Wisconsin, 
etc.; A. praten'sis, meadow anemone, a native of 
Europe; and A. pulsatil'la, the pasque-flower, a 
native of Europe. [ < avepcivij, fr. dvepog wind.] 
fa-nern'o-nism, poisoning with anemone and 
other similar plants; the mouth, stomach, intes¬ 
tines, and kidneys are inflamed, 
an-e-mop'a-thy. Medical treatment by inhalation. 

[< dvEjuog wind -f- Tradog disease.] 
an-e-mom'e-ter, a-nem'o-scope. An instrument for 
measuring the velocity of the wind, 
an-e-mot'ro-phy. = An.«motrophy. 
an-en-ce-pha'li a, an-en-ceph'a-ly. A kind of fetal 
monstrosity characterized by absence of the 
brain, Acephalia. [< av priv. + ejKeipaXog 
brain.] f an-en-ce-phal'ic, an-en-ceph'a-lous. 
an-en-ceph'a-lus, a brainless monster-foetus, 
an-en-ceph'a-lo-hae'mi a. Deficient blood-supply to 
the brain. 

an-en-ceph‘a-lo-neu'ri a. Impaired nerve-action in 
the brain. 

an-en-ceph'a-lo-tro'phi a. Atrophy of the brain, 
an-en-er'gia. Want of vigor and energy; debility. 

[< av priv. -f evepyeia energy.] 
an-en-te-rae'mi a. Deficient blood-supply in the 
bowels. [< av priv. + evrepov intestine + atpa 
blood.] 

an-en’te-ro-neu'ri a, -ner'vi a. Intestinal atony, 
an-en-te-rot'ro-phy. Defective nutrition of the in¬ 
testines. 

an-en'te-rous. Without intestines, 
an-e'pi a. Lack of ability to speak. [< av priv. -t- 
ETzog word.] 

an-ep-i-plo'ic. Not having an epiploon, 
an-ep-i-thym'i a. Lack of any of the natural appe¬ 
tites, as hunger, thirst, etc. [< av priv. -f- 
kTciBvpta desire.] 

an-e-ret'ic. = Anoretic. 

an-er'gic. Marked by inactivity. A. stupor, acute 
dementia. 

an'e-roid. Containing no liquid. A. barometer, 
BAROMETER. [< G priv. + VT]p 6 g liquid.] 
an-er-y-throp'si a, an-er'y-thro-blep-sy. Inability to 
distinguish red. Achromatopsia. [<appriv. 
-f- epvdpdg red -1- o'tpig vision or (iTieTreiv to see.] 
an'e-sin, an'e-son. =Chloreton,e. 
an'e-sis. A remission of a disease or symptom. 
[< avLEvai to relax.] 

an-es-the'si a, an-es-thet'ic, etc. = Anesthesia, 

ANESTHETIC, etC. 

an-es'thol. =Anesthol. 
an'et. Dill. i®-Anethum. 

Ane'thum. A genus of umbelliferous herbs, in¬ 
cluding fennel and dill, Peucedanum. A. 
foenic'ulum, sweet fennel: also called Faenic'ulum 
dul'ce, F. german'icum, F. vulga're, and F. offi- 
cina'le. cs- Fceniculum. A. grave'olens furnishes 
the oil of dill {oleum anethi), which is used as a 
carminative. t^n'e-thsne, a volatile hydrocar¬ 
bon, CioHm, existing in the oil of dill, an'e-thol 
a substance, Cj^HjjO, forming a large part of the 
oils of fennel and anise and assuming a solid 
{anise^camphor) or a liquid form; methylallyl 
phenol; used like oil of anise and as an embed¬ 
ding material in microscopy, 
a-net'ic. Anodyne. [ < dveaig remission.] 
an-e-ti-o-log'i-cal. Not in conformity with the 
known principles of etiology, 
an-e-to-der'mi a. Relaxation of the skin. [Kaverdg 
relaxed -f- Ssppa skin.] 

an'e-tus. Intermittent fever. [<.dvEcig a remis¬ 
sion.] 


a-neu-ral'gi-con. An apparatus used for applying 
warmth and sedative vapor for relief of neural¬ 
gia. [<a priv. +VEvpov nerve -\-d 7 '.yog pain.] 
a-neu'ri a. Lack or loss of nervous stimulus, 
fa-neu'ric. 

an'eu-rism, an'eu-rysm. A tumor filled with blood 
from the rupture, wound, ulceration, or circum¬ 
scribed dilatation of an artery. A distinction is 
made between true and false {spurious) aneurism, 
the former comprehending dilatation without 
rupture of any of the arterial coats; the latter, 
dilatation with rupture of the inner and middle 
coats. When all the coats have given way, allow¬ 
ing extravasation into the surrounding tissues, 
the disease is termed a diffused false aneurism, 
Tufnell’s treatment. Specially named vari¬ 
eties of A. are Abdominal, Ampullary, Anasto¬ 
motic ( = ANEURISM BY ANASTOMOSIS), AORTIC, 

Arterial, Arteriovenous (iS’aneurismal varix). 
Axial, Axillary, Bell's (=aneurismal varix), 
B^rard’s, Bone, Branching ( = cirsoid). Car¬ 
diac, Carotid, Circumscribed, Cirsoid, Com¬ 
pound ( = mixed). Consecutive, Cylindroid, 
Cystogenic, Diffuse, Dissecting, Ectatic, Em¬ 
bolic, Endogenous, Exogenous, External, 
False (^ANEURISM above). Fusiform, Hernial, 
Innominate, Internal, Intracranial, Lateral, 
Medical, Miliary, Mixed, Mycotic, Orbital, 
Osteoid ( = bone), Park’s, Pelvic, Peripheral, 
Popliteal, Pott’s ( = aneurismal varix), Ras¬ 
mussen’s, Rodrigues’s, Sacculated or sacci¬ 
form, Spongy ( = angioma). Spontaneous, Spu¬ 
rious (i^ aneurism above), Subclavian, Sur¬ 
gical, Traumatic, True {ts- aneurism above). 
Tubular ( = cylindroid). Varicose ( = aneuris- 
MAL varix), and Verminous. A. by anastomo¬ 
sis, a mulberry-colored mark in children, caused 
by a dilated and tortuous state of the arterial 
capillaries. It sometimes increases in size, and 
is at length attended with pulsation. A. of the 
heart, enlargement or dilatation of the heart. [ < 
L. aneuris'ma, fr. avevpvveiv to enlarge.] 
an-eu-ris'mal, -rys'mal, an-eu-ris-mat'ic, -rys-mat'- 
ic. Pertaining to or of the nature of aneurism. 
A. bruit = A. murmur. A. diathesis, that condi¬ 
tion of body which naturally predisposes to the 
formation of aneurisms. A. murmur, a murmur 



for passing a ligature under an artery in order to 
tie it: used in operations for aneurism. A. sac, the 
sac of an aneurism, formed by dilatation of the 
oats of an artery and containing the blood. A. 
thrill, a vibratory sensation felt when the hand is 
placed over an aneurism. A. varix, a communica¬ 
tion, usually traumatic, between an artery and a 
vein without any sac intervening. The arterial 
blood entering the vein causes it to be dilated and 
to pulsate. 

an-eu-ris'moid varix. =Aneurismal varix. 
an-eu-ris-mo-plas'ty. A plastic operation upon an 
aneurism. 

an-eu-ris-mor'rha-phy. The suturing of an aneurism, 
an-eu-ris-mot'o-my. Incision into an aneurism. 





ANEUROSIS 


55 


ANGIO- 


an-eu-ro'sis. A deficiency of nerves or of nervous 
stimulus. [<« priv. + vevpov nerve.] 

an'eu-rysm, an-eu-rys'mal. —Aneurism, aneu- 

RISMAL. 

an-frac-tu-os'i-ty. Any one of the furrows or sulci 
between the convolutions of the brain. [<L. an- 
frac'tus bending or turning of a way.] 

tu-ous, an-frac'tu-ose. 

an-gei'o-. = Angio-. 

an-ge-i'tis. Inflammation of a blood-vessel. [< 
ayyeiov vessel.] 

Angel'ica. A genus of umbelliferous plants. A. 
archangel'ica, garden angelica, is a native of Eu¬ 
rope, and is an aromatic tonic. Dose of root or 
seeds, 2 to 4 Gm. (30 grs. to i dr.). A. atropurpu'- 
rea, masterwort, is a native of the United States, 
and is an aromatic tonic. A. tree = ARALiA spi- 
NosA. [L.] fan-gel'ic acid, an unsaturated 
volatile acid, C5Hg02, of the acrylic acid series, 
found in Angel'ica. 

an'gels’ wings. = Winged scapula. 

an'gi-. = Angio-: a combining form. \^<^ayyelov 
vessel.] an-gi-ae'mi a, plethora or distention of 
the vessels with blood.— an-gi-di-ec-ta'si a, dis¬ 
tention of the capillary vessels.— an-gid'ion, a 
minute blood-vessel; a capillary.— an-gi-ec-ta'- 
si a, an-gi-ec'ta-sis, dilatation of a vessel, as aneu¬ 
rism, varix, etc. fan-gi-ec-tat'ic.— an-gi-ec-to'- 
pi a, abnormality of course or position in a ves¬ 
sel. t^~gi-ec-top'ic.— an-gi-el-co'sis, ulceration 
of a vessel.— an-gi-em-phrax'is, stoppage of a 
blood-vessel, fan-gi-em-phrac'tic. — an-gi-i'tis, in¬ 
flammation of vessels, especially the capillaries. 

angina (an'gt'-na or an-jai'na). Any disease at¬ 
tended with the sense of suffocation or spas¬ 
modic choking, especially when localized in the 
throat and fauces. It may be due to disease of 
the coronary arteries, or be a symptom of various 
diseases, being then known according to the dis¬ 
ease it accompanies, as A. aphtha'sa, A. erysipela- 
to'sa, A. scarlatina'sa, etc. It must not be con¬ 
fused with pharyngitis, Heart-block. A. 
abdom'inis, severe colicky pains due to sclerosis 
of the abdominal vessels. A. acu'ta = A. sim¬ 
plex. A. cardi'aca=A. pectoris. A. catar- 
rha‘'lis, catarrhal pharyngitis. A. chron'ica, a 
variety usually complicated with chronic pharyn¬ 
gitis. Dysphonia clericorum. a. croupo'sa, 
croupous pharyngitis. A. cru'ris, obliterating 
arteritis of the low’er extremity with intermit¬ 
tent claudication. A. diphtherit'ica, diphtheritic 
pharyngitis. A. follicula'ris, follicular tonsillitis. 
A. gangraeno'sa, gangrenous pharyngitis. A. 
laryn'gea = LARYNGITIS. A. lingua'lis = glos¬ 
sitis. A. ludovi'ci, Ludwig’s a., cynanche sub¬ 
lingualis ; acute inflammation of the connec¬ 
tive tissue surrounding the submaxillary gland, 
generally due to diphtheria or to erysipelas. A. 
malig'na = CYNANCHE maligna. A. membrana'- 
cea, croup. A. parotidae'a= parotitis. A. pec'- 
toris, spasm of the chest; a disease attended by 
acute pain, sense of suffocation, and syncope; 
asthma doloriflcum; sternalgia; stemodynia syn- 
copalis; stemocardia; orthopnoea cardiaca. It 
is due to sudden spasm of the systemic arteries, 
and occurs generally in connection with cardiac 
disease or aneurism of the aorta. A. pec'toris 
vasomoto'ria, a variety due to disturbances of 
the vasomotor nerves and marked by changes in 
the blood-tension, coldness of the surface, etc. 
A. phlegmono'sa, inflammation of the deeper mu¬ 
cous and submucous tissues with marked oede- 


matous swelling. A. sero'sa. i. Catarrhal an¬ 
gina. 2. CEdema of the glottis. A. sim'plex, 
simple sore throat. A. tonsilla'ris = tonsillitis. 
Vincent’s a., ^ Vincent. [ < ayxs^iv to strangle.] 
fan'gi-nal, an'gi-nose, an'gi-nous, as A. scarlet 
= SCARLATINA ANGiNOSA. an'gi-noid. an- 
gi-no-pho'bi a, morbid fear of angina pectoris, 
an'gi-o-, an-gei'o-. Relating to a vessel, usually 
a blood-vessel; vaso-: combining forms. [< 
ayyeiov vessel.] an*gi-o-a-tax'i a, variability in the 
tension of blood-vessels.— an'gi-o-blast, any one 
of the cells of the vascular layer of the embryo 
taking part in the development of blood-vessels. 

— an’gi-o-car’di-o-ki-net'ic. i. Stimulating or 
acting on the motions of the heart or blood-ves¬ 
sels. 2. A drug having this effect.— an*gi-o- 
car-di'tis, inflammation of the heart and the 
large blood-vessels.— an’gi-o-cav'er-nous tumor 
= CAVERNOUS ANGIOMA.— an’gi-o-chal'a-sis, the 
dilatation of a vessel.— an*gi-o-chei'lo-scope, an 
instrument for the examination of the blood- 
circulation in the capillaries of the lips; cheilo- 
angioscope. — an'gi-o-cho-li'tis, inflammation of 
the biliary ducts; cholangitis. — amgi-o-der'ma 
pigmento'sum = atrophoderma. — an'gi-o-der- 
ma-ti'tis, inflammation of the vessels of the skin. 

— an‘gi-o-di-as'ta-sis, the retraction of the open 
ends of a divided vessel. — an’gi-o-dys-tro'phi a 
ova'rii, dystrophy of the ovary marked by in¬ 
crease in the blood-vessels of that organ.— an- 
gi-o-el-e-phan-ti'a-sis, angioma of subcutaneous 
tissues, growing veiy rapidly, and quickly attain¬ 
ing a large size.— an-gi-o-em'bo-lus, an embolus 
in a vessel.— an'gi-o=eu'rism, dilatation of a ves¬ 
sel.— an'gi-o-fi-bro'ma, combined angioma and 
flbroma.— an*gi-o-gen'e-sis, an-gi-og'e-ny, gen¬ 
eration and development of vessels.— an'gi-o- 
gli-o'ma, a vascular and gliomatous tumor, usu¬ 
ally seated in the spinal cord.— an'gi-o-graph, 
an improved form of sphygmograph. ^ Poly¬ 
graph.— an-gi-og'ra-phy, a description of the 
vessels of the body.— an'gi-o-hy-pb-to'ni a, dila¬ 
tation of vessels.— an'gi-o-ker-a-to'ma, an angi¬ 
omatous swelling with thickened and indurated 
epidermis; telangiectatic wart: the disease is pe¬ 
culiar to childhood.— an‘gi-o-leu-ci'tis, -leu-ki'- 
tis, inflammation of the lymphatic vessels. — 
an'gi-o-li-po'ma, an angioma containing fatty 
tissue.— an'gi-o-lith = phlebolith. 

lith'ic, as A. sarcoma = psammoma. — an-gi-ol'- 
o-gy, the doctrine or science of the blood-vessels 
and absorbents.— an'gi-o-lym-phi'tis, inflamma¬ 
tion of the lymphatic vessels.— an’gi-o-lym-pho'- 
ma, a tumor made up of lymphatic vessels.— 
an-gi-o'ma, a tumor consisting chiefly of dilated 
and tortuous blood-vessels; haemangioma, as 
Arterial a. = cirsoid aneurism: Capillary a.— 
NiEVUS MATERNUS: A. = CAVERNOUS 

angioma: Infective a. = n^vus lupus: A. assif'- 
icans, a rare tumor of the antrum of Highmore, 
consisting of osseous tissue penetrated by large 
blood-vessels: Plexifarm a., angioma, usually 
cutaneous, made up of blood-vessels and tortu¬ 
ous capillaries, often greatly enlarged: A. serpig- 
ina'sum = JEWS, lupus: Telangiectatic a., one 
composed of dilated blood-vessels: and Tuberaus 
a., an angioma in the subcutaneous tissue, resem¬ 
bling a lipoma, fan-gi-om'a-tous. — an‘gi-o-ma- 
la'ci a, a softening or loss of elasticity of the walls 
of the vessels, Angiosclerosis.— an-gi-om'e- 
ter, an apparatus which registers upon a dial the 
diameter of an artery, its tension, and the vol- 


ANGIO- 


56 


ANGOPHRASIA 


tome of the pulse.— an'gi-o-my-o-car'di ac, re¬ 
lating to the muscles of the vessels of the heart. 

— an*gi-o-my'ces = fungus h.(Ematodes. — an*- 
gi-o-my-o'ma, a txunor consisting of vascular and 
muscular tissue.— an’gi-o-myo-sar-co'ma, com¬ 
bined angioma, myoma, and sarcoma.— an’gi-o- 
neu-rec'to-my, excision of vessels and nerves, 
particularly the operation for enlarged prostate 
in which all the elements of the spermatic cord, 
except the vas deferens and its artery and vein, 
are resected.— an'gi-o-neu-rosoe-de'ma = angio¬ 
neurotic (EDEMA.— an*gi-o-neu-ro'sin = nitro¬ 
glycerin. — an'gi-o-neu-ro'sis, a nervous symp¬ 
tom affecting the circulation of the blood; a 
vasomotor irregularity or disturbance. 
o-neu-rot'ic, as A. dermatitis [If L. ij. ’o6.]: and 
A. oedema, a trophic disorder marked by the ap¬ 
pearance of circumscribed swellings in various 
parts of the body, especially the face, throat, and 
extremities; Australian blight; circumscribed 
cedema; non*inflammatory cedema; periodic 
swelling; urticaria oedematosa. The swellings 
appear without any direct cause, and often come 
on in periodic attacks.— an‘gi-o-neu-rot'o-my, 
the operation of cutting vessels and nerves. 

— an'gi-o-no'ma, ulceration or an ulcerated 
place in a blood-vessel.— an-gi-on'o-sus, any 
disease of the blood-vessels; an angiopathy.— 
an*gi-o-pan-cre-a-ti'tis, inflammation of the ves¬ 
sels or vascular tissue of the pancreas.— an’gi- 
o-pa-ral'y-sis, -par'e-sis, paralysis impairing the 
vasomotor functions. t^ii'gi"0-par-a-lyt'ic, as 
A. neurasthenia, a form of neurasthenia marked 
by vasodilatation with a constant sense of the 
pulse-beat, etc.—an-gi-op'a-thy, any disease of the 
blood-vessels, fan’gi-o-path'ic, as A. neurasthe¬ 
nia = ANGIOPARALYTIC NEURASTHENIA. —ail'gi-O- 

pla-ny, abnormality of a vessel, either in struct¬ 
ure or in position.— an‘gi-o-plas'tic sarcoma, a 
tumor of the testicle whose protoplasmic network 
is composed of irregular spaces and trabeculae of 
anastomosing giant-cells; first described by Ma- 
lassez and Monod. The name epithelioma syn- 
cytiomatodes testiculi has been proposed for it.— 
an’gi-o-ple-ro'sis, engorgement of the vessels.— 
an'gi-o-plo'ce, twisting or tying of the divided 
end of a vessel to arrest hemorrhage.— an'gi- 
o-pres-sure, control of hemorrhage by the appli¬ 
cation of pressure, as with the angiotribe, with¬ 
out ligation.— an’gi-or-rha'gi a, a sudden burst¬ 
ing forth or discharge of blood from a vessel; 
active hemorrhage.— an-gi-or'rha-phy, the sutur¬ 
ing of vessels, as Arteriovenous a., the operative 
procedure of diverting the arterial current into 
the veins. An. S. Jan. ’07.] — an*gi-or-rhex'is, 
rupture of a blood-vessel.— an’gi-or-rh(»'a, a 
moderate discharge of blood from a vessel; pas¬ 
sive hemorrhage.—• an*gi-o-sar-co'ma, a blending 
of angioma and sarcoma; a sarcomatous tumor 
containing a proliferation of blood-vessels; malig¬ 
nant perithelioma. A. myxomato'des, a sarcoma 
in which the walls of the vessels have undergone 
mucous degeneration.— an’gi-o-scle-ro'sis, hard¬ 
ening of the walls of blood-vessels: used in place 
of arteriosclerosis, as both the veins and the 
arteries are often affected. Sclerangia. 
tan*gi-o-scle-rot'ic, as A. dysbasia, intermittent 
claudication.— an'gi-o-scope, a microscope fitted 
for observations of the capillary vessels, 
os'co-py.— an’gi-o-si-a-li'tis, inflammation of a 
salivary duct.— an-gi-o'sis, any disease of the 
blood-vessels.— an'gi-o-spasm, spasm of the ves¬ 


sels; a non-organic contraction of the blood-ves¬ 
sels, effected through the vasomotor nerves, fan*- 
gi-o-spas'tic, as A. anaesthesia.- — an'gi-o-sperm, a 
flowering plant with the seeds in an enclosed ova¬ 
ry. cr- Gymnosperm. — an*gi-o-steg-no'sis, -ste- 
no'sis, constriction of a vessel, fan'gi-o-steg-not'- 
ic, -ste-not'ic.— axi'gi-os-te-o'sis, ossification (cal¬ 
cification) of a vessel or vessels, fan'gi-os-te-o- 
gen'ic. — an-gi-os'tro-phe, an-gi-os'tro-phy, tor¬ 
sion of a vessel to check bleeding.— an‘gi-o-sym'- 
phy-sis. I. The adhesion of vessels to each 
other. 2. Cohesion of the walls of a vessel.— 
an'gi-o-syn-i-ze'sis, collapse of the walls of ves¬ 
sels.— an*gi-o-ta'sis, the tension or overfulness of 
vessels. f an’gi-o-tat'ic. — an*gi-o-te-lec'ta-sis 
= TELANGIECTASIS. — an*gi-o-ten'ic. i. = An- 
GiOTATic. 2. Due to or marked by distention 
of vessels.— an‘gi-o-ti'tis, inflammation of the 
blood-vessels of the ear.— an'gi-o-tome. i. The 
vascular tissue of an embryonic metamere. 2. 
An instrument for dissecting vessels.— an-gi-ot'- 
o-my, dissection of the blood-vessels and absorb¬ 
ents.— an'gi-o-tribe, strong forceps in which 
pressure is exerted by a screw in order to control 
hemorrhage, sometimes arranged also as an elec- 
trothermic cautery. t^in'gi'O'^rip'sy, the pro¬ 
duction of haemostasis by means of the angiotribe. 
an'gle. i. A bend or corner. 2. The degree of di¬ 
vergence of two lines which meet; angulus*. For 
specially named angles see the adjectives. A. 
alpha. I. The angle between the visual axis and 
the optic axis at their intersection. 2. In crani- 
, ometry, the angle between the radius fixus and a 
line joining the subnasal point to the hormion. 
A. of aperture, the angle between two lines drawn 
from the principal focus of a lens to the extremi¬ 
ties of its diameter. A. of the eye, ^ canthus. 
A. of incidence, INCIDENCE. A. of the iris = 
IRIDOCORNEAL ANGLE. A. Of the jaW = ANGULUS 
MANDiBULAE*. A. of Louis, A. of Ludwig = 
Louis’s angle. A. of Mulder, the angle, at their 
intersection, between the facial line of Camper 
and a line drawn from the root of the nose to the 
spheno-occipital suture. A. of the pubes = pubic 
ANGLE. A. of Rolando = ROLANDIC ANGLE. ‘A. 
of Sylvius, the angle which a line perpendicular to 
the superior margin of the hemisphere forms with 
the posterior limb of the sylvian fissure. A. of 
torsion, the angle formed between the axes of 
different portions of certain long bones, as the 
humerus, femur, and tibia. A. of Virchow, the 
angle at the subnasal point between the nasoba- 
silar line and the nasosubnasal line. A. of vision, 
the angle formed by two rays of light proceeding 
from different objects, or from opposite extremi¬ 
ties of the same object, and meeting in the pupil; 
optic or visual angle. It determines the size of 
the image upon the retina. [< L. an'gulus.] 
an'glicus su'dor. The English sweating-fever 
(sweating sickness), or the ephemera maligna of 
Burserius, described as “ a contagious, pestilential 
fever, lasting usually a single day”; in other 
words, it terminated either fatally or favorably in 
twenty-four hours. It made its first appearance 
in London about the year 1480. Miliary 
FEVER. [< L., “English sweat.”] 
an'go-ne. A sense of strangulation and choking; 

preferably written anchone. [ < ayx^iv to choke.] 
an-go-phra'si a. A defect in speech, marked by 
reiteration, delay, and drawling, sometimes oc¬ 
curring in paralytic dementia. ^Anarthria. 
[ < to choke + (jepdcic enunciation.] 


ANGOR 


57 


ANILINE 


an'gor. A sense of difficulty in breathing, with 
anxiety, and often with palpitation and extreme 
distress. A. pec'toris = angina pectoris. [ L.] 
an-gos-tu'rine. = Angusturine. 
an'gry. Acutely inflamed. A. pulse = wiry pulse. 
Ang'strom’B law (ong-stromz). The law that the 
wave=lengths of light which a substance absorbs 
are the same as those which it emits when lumi- 

O 

nous. A.’s unit, a unit of length used in measuring 
wave-lengths of light: lo-® Cm. or o.oooi micron. 
The wave-lengths of the visible spectrum measure 
from 4000 to 7ooOoOf such units, the Dj line being 
5896.357. [A. J. Angstrom, Swedish physicist, 

i8i4-’74.] 

Anguil'lula. A genus of nematode worms. A. 
ace'ti, a worm closely resembling the A. stercora'- 
lis, and found in old vinegar. A. intestina'lis, a 
small, round woirn, about 2 mm. long: probably 
the parent form of A. stercora'lis. A. stercora'lis 
(or Rhabdi'tis stercora'lis), a parasitic worm caus¬ 
ing a special form of diarrhoea in some hot 
countries, Oxyuris. [ L., dim. of anguil'la 
eel, fr. an'guts snake.] fan-guil-lu-li'a-sis, a 
diseased state marked by the presence of An- 
guil'lulcB. Anguilluli'na, a genus of small round 
worms, as A. putrefa'ciens, sometimes taken with 
food, and causing gastro-intestinal symptoms, 
an'guish. Severe pain of body or mind, 
an-gu-la-bi-a'lis. = Depressor anguli oris. 
an'gu-lar. Having angles or corners; consisting of 
an angle; measured by an angle. A. aperture (of 
a lens) = angle of aperture. A. artery, termi¬ 
nation of the facial artery near the inner angle of 
the eye; arteria angularis*. A. convolution or 
gyrus. I. A cerebral convolution forming that 
part of the posterior portion of the inferior parie¬ 
tal lobule which surrounds the end of the parallel 
sulcus, being continuous anteriorly with the su¬ 
pramarginal convolution; gyrus angularis*. 2. = 
Supramarginal convolution. A. deformity, de¬ 
formity consisting in the crookedness of a part. 
A. movement, the movement which changes the 
angle between two bones, as in flexion or exten¬ 
sion of the limbs, or between bones and the mesial 
plane, as in abduction and adduction. A. nerve, 
a branch of the inferior maxillary nerve, situated 
at the inner canthus of the eye. A. processes, 
the terminations of the supra-orbital arch of the 
frontal bone. They are distinguished as internal 
and external. A. vein, termination of the facial 
vein near the inner angle of the eye; vena an- 
gularis*. [< L. an'gulus angle.] 
angula'ris scap'ulae. The levator anguli scapulae, 
an-gu-la'tion. The formation of an angle: applied 
to the formation of an angular bend in the intes¬ 
tine, causing obstruction, and usually due to 
intestinal adhesion following laparotomy, 
an'gu-lus*. = Angle. A. cos'tae*, angle of a rib. 
A. ir'idis* = IRIDOCORNEAL angle, a. ludovi'ci 
= Louis's ANGLE. A. mandib'ulae*, the angle 
formed by the inferior and posterior borders of 
the inferior maxillary bone. A. mastoi'deus* = 
MASTOID ANGLE. A. oc'uU latera'Hs* and media'- 
lis*, fs- CANTHUS. A. o'ris*, the corner of the 
mouth. [L.] 

an-gus-tu'ra. The bark of Galipe'a cuspa'ria (offici- 
na'lis) or Cuspa'ria febrif'uga, from which an- 
gus-tu'rine, CjoH^gNOj^, a bitter, tonic alkaloid, 
is obtained. A. bark, false, the highly poisonous 
bark of Strych'nos nux^vom'ica. It has little or 
nothing in common with angustura bark except 
the appearance and the name. A. bitters, a kind 


of bitter tonic and stimulant liqueur prepared 
from angustura bark with aromatics. [< Angos- 
tu'ra (now Ciudad Bolivar), a town of Venezuela.] 
an-hasm-a-to'sis. Defective blood formation. [ < 
av priv. + aipaTovv to make bloody.] 
an-hal'o-nine. = Mescaline, Mescal. 
Anhalo'nium lewin'i. ^ Mescal buttons. 
an-ha'phi a. Partial or complete loss of the sense 
of touch. [< OP priv. -I- dc^-fj touch.] 
an-he-do'ni a. Eritire loss of pleasurable sensations 
in acts that normally give pleasure. [< av priv. 
-f- rjdovTj pleasure.] 

an-he-la'tion, an-hel'i-tus. i. Shortness of breath. 

2. = Asthma. [< L. anhela're to gasp.] 
an-hem-a-to'sis. = Anh.,ematosis. 
an-hep*a-to-gen'ic. Not generated in the liver, as 
a morbid condition. 

an-hi-dro'sis, an-i-dro'sis. Deficiency or suppres¬ 
sion of the sweat. i^Hidrosis. [< av priv. 
-i- idpcjq sweat.] fan-hi-drot'ic, checking perspi¬ 
ration, as a drug; characterized by anhidrosis, 
an-his'tic, an-his'tous. Without differentiation into 
parts; structureless; uniform in structure: said 
of thin layers of tissue. [< av priv. +l(TT 6 g web.] 
an-hy-drae'mi a, an-hy-dre'mi a. Concentration of 
the blood from lack of the due proportion of 
water: a frequent symptom of cholera. [<01^ 
priv. +v 6 o)p water-f alpa blood.] 
an-hy-dra'tion. Withdrawal of water from any¬ 
thing; dehydration. [< ap priv.-)-pdcjp water.] 
an-hy'dride. Any one of a class of chemical com¬ 
pounds, particularly acids, deprived of a mole¬ 
cule of water. They are anhydrous acids or 
oxides, Anhydrous. 

an-hydro-my-e'li a. Deficiency of the spinal fluid. 

[< ap priv. + v 6 (i)p wa.ter + pveXdg marrow.] 
an-hy'drous. Without water. A. alcohol, absolute 
ALCOHOL. A. chloral, chloral. [<ap priv. 
-}- vdup water.] 

an-hys-te'ri a. Absence of the womb. [ < av priv. 
+ VOTE pa womb.] 

an-i-an'thi-nop-sy. = Amianthinopsy. [< av priv. 

-f- idvdivog violet -f dipcg vision.] 
an-id'eus. A formless monstrosity; an amorphus. 

[ < ap priv. -|- elSog form.] fan-i'dous. 
an-i-dro'sis. = Anhidrosis. 
an'il. = Indigo. 
a-ni-le-va'tor. = Levator ani. 
a-nil'ic acid. An acid formed by the action of 
nitric acid on indigo; indigotic acid, 
an'i-lide. A compound formed from aniline by sub¬ 
stituting an acid radical for the hydrogen of the 
amine radical, NHg. The term is usually used in 
combination, as benzanilide, aniline benzoate. 
an*i-lid-met-ar'se-nite. = Atoxyl. 
an'i-line. An oily liquid, CgHg.NHg, acting as a 
chemical base and formed by the action of caustic 
potash on indigo, and also obtained from coal- 
tar and benzol; amidobenzene; phenylamine; A. 
oil of the Germans: used as a solvent for rubber, 
copal, etc., and in microscopy as a clearing agent 
and mordant. i^A. stains. It is poisonous, 
but has been used as a nervine in chorea and 
epilepsy. Dose, 0.03 Gm. (^ gr.). A. blue, an 
important histologic stain for connective tissue. 
A. camphorate has been used as an antispasmodic. 
A. dye, any dye or pigment prepared from the 
derivatives of coal-tar. A. green, a dye for fats. 
A. orange = Victoria orange. A. pink = sAF- 
ranine. a. rash, inflammation of the skin 
caused by handling aniline dyes. A. red = 
FUCHSiN. A. stains, aniline dyes used for stain- 


ANILIPYRINE 


58 


ANISEED 


ing cells, tissues, and especially micro-organisms, 
certain bacteria yielding distinct reactions with 
particular combinations of the dyes. The more 
important are Aniline blue, Bismarck brown (Ve¬ 
suvine), Congo red, Dahlia, Eosin, Fuchsin, Gen¬ 
tian violet. Iodine green. Malachite green. Methyl 
blue. Methyl green. Methyl violet. Methylene blue, 
Nigrosine, and Safranine. A. sulphate has been 
used as a nervine in chorea. Dose, 0.05 to o.i Gm. 
(f to grs.). [<F. anil indigo.] fan-i-lin'o- 
phile, an-i-li-noph'i-lous, staining readily with 
aniline dyes. an'i-lism, an-i-lis'mus, aniline¬ 
poisoning, due to fumes inhaled in dye-works and 
chemical works: marked by vertigo, cyanosis, 
muscular weakness, and digestive derangement, 
an-i-li-py'rine. A proprietary antipyretic, antineu- 
ralgic, and antirheumatic, made by fusing to¬ 
gether 188 parts of antipyrine and 135 parts of 
acetanilide. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (8 grs.). 
an'i-ma. i. Anciently, any simple volatile sub¬ 
stance; also, the purest part of any substance. 
2. The vital principle of animals or vegetables. 
A. articulo'rum, “ life of the joints,” a name given 
to COLCHICUM. A. rhe'i, aqueous tincture of rhu¬ 
barb. [ L., fr. dvejuog wind, breath, or spirit.] 
an'i-mal. i. An organized, living body of a higher 
type than plants and of which the typical forms 
are endowed with sensation, voluntary motion, 
and means of utilizing solid nutritive material 
from within, developing therefrom nitrogenized 
tissues. 2. Having life; pertaining to an animal, 
especially one with the absence of the higher 
faculties characteristic of man. A. acid, any 
acid existing in animal bodies, or which can 
be obtained from them, as allantoic, ambreic, 
butyric, etc. A. alkaloid, a base similar to vege¬ 
table alkaloids, found in animal tissue, either in 
the normal state (leucomaine) or after putrefac¬ 
tion has set in (ptomaine). A. anaeretics, the 
gastric juice and vaccine lymph. A. base = A. 
ALKALOID. A. bath = BALNEUM ANIMALE. A. 
carbon, black, or charcoal, charcoal made from 
bones; bone charcoal; ivory-black; carbo ani- 
MALis*. Animal charcoal is also prepared by 
calcining dried blood, horns, hoofs, clippings 
of hides, etc., in contact with potassium car¬ 
bonate, and washing the calcined mass after¬ 
ward with water. It is principally used to de¬ 
colorize vegetable principles, such as gallic acid, 
quinine, veratrine, etc. A. cellulose = tunicin. 
A. coniine, a ptomaine from the human cadaver, 
said to be identical with cadaverine. A. dextrin, 
glycogen. A. economy, the system of all matters 
relating to animal life; physiology. Economy. 
A. electricity, electricity generated within the 
body. A. extract, substances obtained from ani¬ 
mal organs, as thyroid, suprarenal, and other 
extracts. A. fibre, the filaments which compose 
the muscular fasciculi, the cellular membranes, 
etc. A. gum, a carbohydrate, 2H2O, 

prepared from mucin. A. heat = CALOR anima- 
LIS. A. jelly ^GELATIN. A. layer, the serous 
layer of the blastodermic vesicle. A. l5niiph, vac¬ 
cine obtained from an animal. • A. magnetism, 
mesmerism. A. mechanics, that branch of physi¬ 
ology which investigates the laws of equilibrium 
and motion in the animal body. A. membrane, 
a thin membrane of animal tissue, as a bladder: 
used in dialysis, etc. A. muscle, a name applied 
to striated or voluntary muscle, in contradistinc¬ 
tion to vegetative or involuntary muscle-fibre. A. 
oil = DippEL’s OIL. A. parasite, a parasite be¬ 


longing to the animal kingdom, as the tapeworm 
A. pathology, that branch of pathology which 
deals with the diseased conditions in animals. It 
forms one of the principal subjects of veterinary 
medicine. A. physiology, ^physiology. A. 
poison, a poison derived from animals. A. pole, 
that part of the segmented ovum in which the 
embryo develops: contrasted with vegetative 
POLE. A. quinoldine, a basic substance found in 
the organs of the body, and giving test reactions 
similar to those of quinine. A. starch = glyco¬ 
gen. A. temperature = CALOR animalis. A. 
vaccination, vaccination with virus taken directly 
from an animal. [L., fr. an'ima spirit or life.] 
an-i-mal'cule. i. One of those microscopic forms 
of life which include a number of distinct classes 
of animals of very different zoological position, as 
Rhizopods, Infusoria, Rotifera, etc. Among the 
best known are the Infusoria, representatives of 
which may be observed in nearly all fluids con¬ 
taining vegetable life or substance. 2. A sper¬ 
matic animalcule; a spermatozoon. [ < L. ani- 
mal'culum dim. of an'imal.] t^ii“i"nial'cu-lism. 

1. The theory that disease is due to animalcules. 

2. =Spermism. 

an-i-mal'cu-lum, pi.-/a. = Animalcule. [L.] 

an-i-mal'i-ty. The assemblage of faculties that 
distinguish animal organic matter ; the vital ac¬ 
tivity of an animal body considered as unity, 
an-i-mal-i-za'tion. The process by which food is 
assimilated to the various needs of the body, 
an-i-ma'tion. The effect produced by the vis vitce 
(‘‘power of life”), by which life is begun and 
maintained; the state of being enlivened; the 
manifestation of the acts which characterize ani¬ 
mals. Suspended a. = asphyxia. [< L. anima'- 
tio, fr. anima're to give life.] 
an'i-md. A resinous substance, improperly called 
gum anim^, said to be obtained from Hymence'a 
cour'baril, and used in perfumes, varnishes, and 
certain plasters. It resembles copal in appear¬ 
ance, and is often sold imder that name, 
an'i-min. A compound distilled from bone-oil. 
an'i-mist. A physiologist who refers all the phe¬ 
nomena of the living body to the direct agency of 
the soul or of a principle distinct from the body. 
[< L. an'ima soul.] fan'i-mism. 
a-ni'o-dol. A proprietary antiseptic solution con¬ 
taining trioxymethylene. 

an'i on. The element or other electronegative rad¬ 
ical, as :S04, which is liberated at the positive 
pole or anode in electrolysis, Cation. [< 
dvd up -t- Uvai to go.] 

an'i-os. A proprietary formaldehyde disinfectant, 
an-i-rid'i a. The condition of an eye when the iris 
is wanting. [ < av priv. -Vlpig the iris of the eye.] 
an-is-al'de-hyde. = Anisic aldehyde. 
an-is'a-lol. The phenyl ester of anisic acid: anal¬ 
gesic and antirheumatic, 
an-is'a-lyl hydrate. = Anisic acid. 
an'is-ate. A salt of anisic acid, t^^riff-sa-ted, con¬ 
taining anise, as A. powder of rhubarb and magne- 

5 fa = PULVIS RHEI ET MAGNESIA. 

a-ni-scalp'tor. The latissimus dorsi muscle. [< L. 

a'nus anus -\-scal'pere to scratch.] 
an-is-chu'ri a. Incontinence of urine. [<av priv. 

-f to suppress 4 - ovpov urine.] 

an'ise. =Anisum*. A.scamphor, solid anethol. 
Chinese or star a., the fruit of Illi'cium ve'rum 
or I. anisa'turn oi Asia, Oleum anisi*. 
an'i-seed, an'isesseed. =Anisum*. A. cordial = 
ELIXIR ANISI. A. water = AQUA ANISI*. 


ANISIC ACID 


59 


ANKYLOSTOMA 


a-nis'ic acid. A crystalline acid, CgHgOg, obtained 
by oxidation of anethol: antirheumatic and an¬ 
tiseptic. A. aldehyde, CgHgOg, formed by the 
oxidation of various essential oils: it has the odor 
of hawthorn and is chiefly used as a perfume. A. 
cordial = ELIXIR anisi. 
an^i-sine. An alkaloid found in anise, 
an-i'so-. Unequal as to shape, size, etc.: a com¬ 
bining form. [<,ai>i(rog unequal.] an-i'so-chro- 
mat'ic, not having the same color throughout.— 
an-is-o-co'ri a, inequality of the pupils.— an-i*so- 
cy-to'sis, unequal size of similar cells, especially 
of the red blood=corpuscles.— an-i-so-dac'ty-lous, 
having unequal digits.— an-i-so-don'tous, having 
unequal teeth.— a-ni-so-me'li a, inequality be¬ 
tween corresponding limbs.— a-ni-so-mer'ic, con¬ 
taining the same elements, but in different propor¬ 
tions: the opposite of isomeric. — a-ni’so-me-tro'- 
pi a, difference of refractive power in the two eyes. 

Ametropia ; astigmatism, fa-ni'so-me-trop'ic. 
— an-i-so'pi a, inequality of the visual power of the 
two eyes.— a-ni-sos-then'ic, not of equal strength, 
as in corresponding muscles of the eye.— a-ni-so- 
ton'ic, as A. solution. a-ni-sot'ro-pal, a-ni-so- 
trop'ic, a-ni-sot'ro-pous, doubly refractive, as A. 
elements, the doubly refiacting substance compos¬ 
ing the contractile portion of striated muscle, 
an'i-sol. A colorless, ethereal fluid, CgH^OCHg; 
phenylmethyl ether. 

an'i-so-yl peroxide. An antiseptic of complex com¬ 
position. 

an-i*so-the-o-bro'mine. Theobromine=sodium in 
combination with sodium anisate: a diuretic, 
a-ni-sphinc'ter. The sphincter ani extemus muscle, 
an-is'tic. = Anhistic. 

a-ni'sum*, gen. ani'si. Anise; the ripe fruit of 
Pimpinel'la ani'sum, obtained from cultivated 
plants. i^Aqua anisi*; ole¬ 
um ANISI*; SPIRITUS ANISI*. 

Anise is an excellent carmina¬ 
tive, and is said to increase the 
secretion of milk. It is much 
used to impart a flavor to 
liqueurs. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ 
grs.). [L., fr. avKJov.] 
an'kle. The part of the leg 
below the calf, including the 
malleoli, Tailors’ankle. 

A.sbone = ASTRAGALUS. A.s 
clonus, a succession of rhyth¬ 
mical (clonic) convulsive 
movements affecting the an¬ 
kle, induced, while the leg is 
extended, by a sudden exten¬ 
sion of the ball of the foot. 

It is absent in health and is 
an important sign of lateral 
sclerosis or other central disease, but also occurs 
in hysterical paraplegia. &- Clonus. A.sdrop = 
DROPsFooT. A.sjerk, A.sreflex, contraction of 
the muscles of the calf, induced by striking the 
Achilles tendon just above the heel. A.sjoint, the 
joint which connects the foot with the leg; ar- 
ticulatio ialocruralis*. 

ank'let. i. A band encircling the ankle and de¬ 
signed as a support for the ankle-joint. 2. One 
of a pair of bands for the ankles, in the appara¬ 
tus used in holding the legs during lithotomy, 
an-ky-len'te-rum. A growing together of the bow¬ 
els. [< ayKvAi] loop+£VTepov intestine.] 
an'ky-lo-. Denoting anything bent or curved, espe¬ 
cially in the sense of an abnormal growing to¬ 


gether or adhesion: a combining form. [ < ay/cpAy 
loop.] an’ky-lo-bleph'a-ron, a preternatural union 
of the two eyelids, is- Blepharophimosis ; sym- 
BLEPHARON. — an’ky-lo-chci'll a, adhesion of the 
lips, Microstomia. — an*ky-lo-col'pos, -kol'- 

pos, atresia of the vagina.— an-ky-loc'o-re, adhe¬ 
sion of the pupil.— an’ky-lo-dac-tyl'i a, adhesion 
of the fingers or toes to each other, Webbed 
fingers. — an’ky-lo-dei're, -de're, -de'ris, torti¬ 
collis or wry-neck. — an*ky-lo-glos'si a, tongue* 
tie. — an*ky-lo-me'le. i. Adhesion of adjacent 
members. [<. jatAog limb.] 2. A curved probe. 



Ankylostoma duodenale. —a. Male (natural size), b. 
Female (natural size), c. Male (magnified), d. Female 
(magnified), e. Head. f. Eggs. g. Posterior end of male. 


[ < ftr/ATf probe.] — an’ky-lo-pho'bi a, a morbid 
fear that ankylosis will occur after fracture or 
diseases of the joints.— an’ky-lo-proc'ti a, stric¬ 
ture of the anus.— an’ky-lor-rhin'i a, adhesion 
between the walls of a nostril.— an-ky-lo'sis, an- 
chy-lo'sis, the adhesion of the articulating ex¬ 
tremities of two or more bones that previously 
formed a natural joint; stiff joint: termed false or 
spurious, when due to extra-articular adhesions, 
and true or bony when the connecting material is 
bone. When it occurs in the spine it may be due 
to spondylosis, rhizomelic spondylosis, osteo-ar- 
thritis, arthritis deformans, rheumatoid arthritis, 
kyphosis, Bechterew’s disease, Kummel’s disease, 
etc. ts- Poker back. Specially named varie¬ 
ties are Artificial (= arthrodesis). Capsular, 
Extracapsular, Fibrous, Intracapsular, and 
Muscular. t^ii“ky-lot'ic. an'ky-lose.— an-ky- 
lo'ti a, a closure or stricture of the external canal 
of the ear by collapse and adhesion of its walls. 
— an-kyl'o-tome, an instrument for cutting the 
frenum of the tongue, f^n-ky-lot'o-my. 

Ankylos'toma,-mum. A genus of nematode worms. 
A. america'na = Uncinaria Americana. A. cani'- 
num, a common parasite of the small intestine of 
dogs. A. duodena'le, the hook-worm of Europe, 
causing anchylostomiasis ; Doch'mius duodena'- 
lis; Stron'gylus duodena'lis; Scleros'toma duodena'- 
lis; Uncina'ria duodena'lis. [< ay/cpAof curved-f- 
ardpa mouth.] fan’ky-lo-sto-mi'a-sis, an-ky-los’- 
to-mosa-nae'mi a, a disease resembling idiopathic 
anaemia, affecting chiefly brickmakers, tunnel* 
workers, and miners, and due to Ankylos'toma 
duodena'le of the old world or Uncina'ria 
america'na of the new world; Egyptian chlo¬ 
rosis; hook-worm disease; miners’ anaemia, ca- 


















ANKYLURETHRIA 


60 


ANODE 


chexia, or chlorosis; Saint Gothard’s disease; 
tunnel anaemia ; uncinariasis. Anthelmintics may 
cause expulsion of the worm but do not cure the 
cachexia. 

an*kyl-u-re'thri a. Stricture of the urethra. [ < 
ayKv'Xr/ loop + ovp'^dpa urethra.] 
an'ky-rism. The articulation of bones by hooking 
together. 

an-ky'roid. Hook*shaped. A. cavity, the descend¬ 
ing cornu of the lateral ventricle of the brain. A. 
process = CORACOID process. [<d7/ct;pa hook.] 
Anlage (an'ld-gf). / i. The area where the first 
visible traces of a part in a developing embryo 
appear. 2. A rudiment; also, a tendency. [Ger.] 
An'na-mite ulcer. = Oriental boil. 
An'nan-dale’s operation, i. Partial excision of 
both femoral condyles for the correction of genu 
valgum. 2. The stitching of dislocated car¬ 
tilages of the knee-joint in their proper position, 
an-nat'to. = Annotto. 

an-neal'. In dentistry, to temper metals, glass, or 
porcelain by heat, as the heating of gold for fill¬ 
ing purposes, to drive off surface impurities and 
bring out the latent quality of cohesion, 
an-nec'tent. Connecting. A. gyri. i. Short varia¬ 
ble gyri uniting adjacent morphologically distinct 
convolutions in various parts of the brain. 2. 
The four gyri connecting the parieto-temporal 
and occipital lobes. [< L. annec'tere to connect.] 
an-nex'a. = Adnexa, fan-nex-i'tis. 
an-nid'a-lin. i. Dithymol triiodide: resembling 

ARISTOL. 2. = ArISTOL. 

an'no no'ki (bush'i). An arrow-poison of the Ainus 
of Northern Japan: its action resembles aconite, 
an-not'to, an-nat'ta. A kind of reddish dye, obtained 
from the seeds of Bix'a orella'na; the terra orleana 
of the shops: used to color butter yellow, 
an'nu-ens. The rectus anticus capitis minor mus¬ 
cle: so called because it is employed in nodding 
the head. [ L., fr. annu'ere to nod.] 
an'nu-lar. Ring-like; pertaining to a ring. A. 
body, the pons varolii. A. bone, the tympanic 
plate of the temporal bone. A. cartilage, the 
cricoid cartilage. A. constriction, a node of 
Ranvier. A. corneal abscess, an abscess develop¬ 
ing in the centre of the cornea: generally due to 
trauma and usually fatal to the eye. A. disk, the 
dark-brown disk of intemodal albuminous sub¬ 
stance at a node of Ranvier which has been stained 
with silver nitrate; constricting band of Ranvier. 
A. finger, the ring finger. A. ligament. 1. A strong 
fascial expansion encircling the ankle and consist¬ 
ing of an anterior, an external, and an internal 
portion. 2. The transverse ligament of the atlas. 
3. A ligament holding the head of the radius in 
position; orbicular ligament. 4. A band extend¬ 
ing between the stapes and the fenestra ovalis. 
A. ligament, anterior, i. Fibrous structures in 
front of the ankle-joint. 2. A band which ex¬ 
tends between the trapezium and scaphoid bone 
and the pisiform and unciform bones, arching 
over the flexor tendons of the hand. A. liga¬ 
ment, posterior, a thickened process of the fascia 
of the forearm at the back of the wrist, which 
binds down the extensor tendons. A. lobe = 
OPERCULUM, def. 2. A. muscle, the circular fibres 
of the ciliary muscle; muscle of Muller. A. 
myelitis, myelitis of the entire peripheral portion 
of the spinal cord. A. process or protuberance, the 
pons varolii. A. reflex, a ring-like reflection 
which appears to surround the macula lutea: 
sometimes seen with the ophthalmoscope. A. 


scleritis (sclerotitis), brawny infiltration of the 
sclera. A. sclerosis, ^sclerosis. A. scotoma, 
scotoma which surrounds the field of vision in a 
circular form. A. staphyloma, staphyloma in¬ 
volving the ciliary region around the cornea. A. 
stricture, a ring-like stricture around the walls of 
an organ, causing obstruction. A. synechia, iw 
synechia, a. syphilide, ^ syphilide. A. vein, 
the vein between the little and ring fingers, 
an-nu-la'ris. The cricoid cartilage. [ L.] 
an'nu-la-ry. i. Annular; ring-shaped. 2. The 
fourth or little finger; the ring finger, 
an'nu-li. PI. of annulus. 

an-nu-lor'rha-phy. Closure of a hernial ring by 
suturing. 

an’nu-lo-spi'ral ending. A method of termination 
of a neuromuscular end-organ in which the 
branches wind spirally about the muscle-fibres, 
an'nu-lus, pi. -li. A Latin word, signifying a “ring,” 
forming a part of a number of anatomical 
names. A. abdom'inis = abdominal ring. A. 
al'bidus=A. ciliaris. An'nuli of Bbttcher, i®" 
Bottcher. a. cartilagin'eus, any one of the 
cartilaginous rings of the trachea. A. cilia'ris, the 
ciliary circle or ligament, a white ring forming 
the bond of union between the choroid coat of 
the eye, the iris, and the ciliary processes; orbic- 
ulus ciliaris"^. It is the annulus gangliformis tu- 
nicce choroideae of Soemmering. A. femora'lis* or 
crura'lis = FEMORAL ring. A. fibrocartilagin'- 
eus*, the thickened margin of attachment of the 
tympanic membrane. An'nuli fibro'si*, thickened 
rings of fibro-elastic tissue at the roots of the 
valves of the heart. A. fibro'sus atrioventricula'- 
ris, the fibrous ring encircling the auriculoven- 
tricular openings of the heart. A. foram'inis = 
ANNULUS OVALIS. A. inguina'Us abdomina'lis*, 
the internal abdominal ring. A. inguina'Us 
subcuta'neus*, the external abdominal ring. A. 
Ugamento'sus, the ciliary circle or ligament, ts- 
Annulus ciliaris. a. mi'grans, a disease of the 
tongue marked by elevated red patches which 
spread over the tongue in concentric circles. A. 
ova'lis, the rounded margin of the septum which 
occupies the place of the foramen ovale in the 
foetus; annulus foraminis. A. seni'lis== arcus 
senilis, a. tendin'eus commu'nis [Zin'ni]* = 
Zinn’s ligament, a. tendino'sus, the fibrous ring 
around the edge of the tympanum. A. tympan'- 
icus* = tympanic ring. a. umbilica'lis = um¬ 
bilical ring. A. zin'ni = Zinn’s ligament. [L.] 
an‘o-ca-thar'tic. Emetic. 

a'no-cav-er-no'sus. The accelerator urinae muscle, 
a'no-coc-cyg'e-al. Relating to the anus and the 
coccyx. A. body, an indefinite mass of muscular 
and fibrous tissue lying between the tip of the 
coccyx and the anus. A. Ugament, a ligament 
connecting the tip of the coccyx with the ex¬ 
ternal anal sphincter ; ligamentum anococcygeum*. 
A. nerves, branches from the coccygeal plexus 
supplying the skin about the tip of the coccyx; 
nervi anococcygei*. A. raphe, a fibrous septum 
extending from the anus to the coccyx, 
an'o-dal. Pertaining to an anode; electrically posi¬ 
tive. A. closure contraction or clonus, contrac¬ 
tion or clonus respectively of muscles at the anode 
when the circuit is closed. A. opening contraction 
or clonus, contraction or clonus of muscles at the 
anode when the circuit is opened or broken, 
an'ode. In galvanic electricity, the positive pole, 
through which the current enters a nerve or other 
substance. The term is also applied to that sur- 


ANODIC 


61 


ANOSTOMUS 


face of the decomposing body into which the 
electric current ascends or enters, tsr Cathode. 
[ <af for avd up or into + odog way.] 
a-nod'ic. i. Ascending; moving upward. [< 
Anode.] 2. Anastaltic; styptic. [<ai’priv. 4- 
666c way.] 

an-o-din'i a. Deficiency or absence of labor=pains. 

[< av priv.+ wd/f labor^pang.] 
an-od'mi a. Want of the sense of smell. [<af 
priv. + 66/xj smell.] 

an-o-don'ti a. Absence of teeth. [ < av priv. + 
660VC tooth.] 

an'o-dyne. i. Relieving pain. 2. A medicine 
which assuages pain; an antalgic. Anodynes in¬ 
clude codeine, cannabis indica, chloroform, 
opium, morphine, lupulin, potassium bromide, 
atropine, ether, coniine, etc. Anesthetic; 
ANTINEURALGIC ; SPIRITUS ETHERIS COMPOSITUS*. 
A. enema, the enema opii of the B. P. A. 
liniment, the linimentum opii of the B. P. [ < a 
priv. -f bdhvT] pain.] fa-nod'y-nous. 
an-o-dyn'i a. Absence of pain. [<. av priv. -t- bdvvrj 
pain.] 

an-o-dyn'ine. =Antipyrine. 

an-o-e'si a. Want of understanding; idiocy. [< 
dvoTjoia lack of sense.] 

Anogeis'sus latifo'lia. Ghatti gum. 
a-no-gen'i-tal band. A band in the foetus forming 
the rudiment of the perineum, 
a-noi'a. Idiocy; imbecility; amentia. [<apo^a, fr. 
a priv.-t-popf mind.] 

a-nom'a-lism. An anomaly or irregularity of 
structure, function, or history. 
a-nom*a-lo-ceph'a-lus. One with a deformed head, 
a-nom-a-lol'o-gy. The science or study of anoma¬ 
lies; teratology. ' 

a-nom-a-lot'ro-phy. An abnormality of nutrition; 
a disease marked by, or consistiil|; of, an abnor¬ 
mality of nutrition. 

a-nom'a-lous. Irregular; not according to rule or 
system; contrary to the natural order; applied to 
irregular structures, and to diseases or symptoms 
out of the regular course. [< av priv.4 -bpaXbg 
even, regular.] fa-nom'a-ly, irregularity; devia¬ 
tion from rule. 

a-nom'a-lus. An occasional muscle arising from the 
nasal process of the maxilla and inserted into or 
near the canine fossa of the same bone. [ L.] 
a-no'mi a. Loss of the power of recognizing or 
naming objects. [< a ne.g. + ovopa name.] 
a-nom-o-ceph'a-lus. = Anomalocephalus. 
an-om-pha-lo'sis. A condition marked by surgical 
obliteration of the umbilicus immediately after 
the birth of a child. [ < av priv. +bp( 6 a 7 ^ 6 c navel.] 
an-om'pha-lous. Having no navel. [ < av priv. + 
bp<paX6c navel.] 

an-o-nych'i a, an-o-ny-cho'sis. Congenital absence 
of the nails. [< av priv. + bvv^ nail.] 
a-non'y-ma, pi. -mce. The innominate artery, 
a-non'y-mous. Nameless. A. bone, the innomi¬ 
nate bone. A. cartilage = cricoid cartilage. 
A. lobe, the quadrate lobe of the liver. [< av 
priv. -f bvvpa name.] 

a-non'y-mum. Either of the ossa innominata. 
an-o-6p'si a. Strabismus in which the eye is rotated 
upward. [< dvo upward 4 -vision.] 
a-no-pel'vic version. Pelvic version in which the 
child is seized by the pubic arch or the tip of the 
coccyx, the finger being passed into the mother’s 
rectum for the purpose. 

Anoph'eles. A genus of mosquitoes (Culi'cidce), cer¬ 
tain species of which, as A - bifurca'tus, A mac- 


ulipen'nis (the dappled wing mosquito), A. ni'- 
gripes, and. A. ros'si (of India), may carry the 
malarial parasite. k^Stegomyia. [ < 
harmful.] t an-oph-e-le'sis = malaria, an-oph'- 
e-li-cide, destructive to anopheles, an-oph'e-li- 
fuge, preventing the bite of anopheles, an-oph'e- 
lism, infestation of a region with anopheles. 
an-o-phoTia. =Anotropia. 

an-oph-thal'mi a. Congenital lack of eyes. A. 
cyclop'ica, rudimentary structure or complete 
absence of the eye-socket and orbit. [<ap 
priv. 4 - b<pda?ipdc eye.] t^ii“Oph-thal'mus. 
an-o'pia. i. Congenital malformation in which the 
eye and the orbit are wanting. 2 . = Anopsia, 
def. I. [<ap priv.-4- 01 /; eye.] 
an-op'si a, an-op'sy. i. Defect of sight, not de¬ 
pendent on paralysis or atrophy of the retina. 2 . 
= Ano6psia. [ <av priv. -f vision.] 
an-o-py'lus. A term denoting a skull in which the 
foramen magnum has a strong forward inclina¬ 
tion. [<dp(j forward -fTTP/l?? entrance.] 
an-or'chism, an-or'chi a, an-or-chid'i a. Rudimen¬ 
tary development or complete absence of the tes¬ 
ticles. Cryptorchidism. [ <np priv. 4- 
testicle ] tan-or'chous. an-or'chus, an-or'chid, 
a person who has no testicles or whose testicles 
have not descended. 

a-no-rec'tal. Relating to the anus and rectum, 
an-o-rex'i a, an-o-rex'y. Loss or absence of appe¬ 
tite. A. nervo'sa, great aversion to food: a 
hysteric condition found especially in neurotic 
young females. [ < av priv.appetite.] 
fan-o-rec'tous. 

an'o-rhin. A term denoting a skull in which the 
subnasal point is above the radius fixus, the latter 
being horizontal. [< avo upward 4-p/f nose.] 
a-nor'mal. = Abnormal. 

an-or-tho'pi a. A defect of sight in consequence of 
which one is unable to detect a want of symme¬ 
try, parallelism, or proportion. [< av priv. 4 - 
■ bpddg straight 4-vision.] 
an-or-thog'ra-phy. Loss of the power to write cor¬ 
rectly. ^Agraphia. [ < av priv. + bpOog straight 
+ ypd(l)ELv to write.] 

an-or'tho-scope. An instrument which combines 
two disunited images into one perfect visual 
image. [< av priv. 4- bp 66 g straight 4- okotteIv to 
view.] 

an-or-tho'sis. i. An erection, as of the penis. [< 
avd np+bpdog straight.] 2 . Failure, more or less 
complete, of the erection of the penis. [< av 
priv. 4 - bpduaig straightening.] 
a'no-scope. A device for examining the rectum. 

[< ANUS 4 -u/coTrtip to view.] fa-nos'co-py. 
an-os'mi a. Loss or marked diminution of the 
sense of smell; hyposmia; olfactory anaesthesia. 
It may be due to mechanical obstruction in the 
nostrils; changes in the olfactory region, as from 
injury; congenital defects; toxic agents, as to¬ 
bacco, alcohol, lead; influenza; cerebral lesions; 
etc. Ageusia ; CACosMiA; HYPEROSMiA. [< av 
priv. 4- bapi] smell.] fan-os-matfic; an-os'mous. 
an-os-phra'sia,-phre'si a. =Anosmia. [<avpriv. 

4- b(j(l>pa(yia smell, ba<pp 7 j(ytg sense of smell.] 
a-no-spi'nal. Pertaining to the anus and the spinal 
cord. A. centre, a centre in the lumbar enlarge¬ 
ment of the cord involuntarily controlling the act 
of defecation. 

an-o-sto'mus. A term denoting a skull in which 
the alveolar point is above the radius fixus, the 
latter being horizontal. [< dvw upward-!-urdpa 
mouth.] 


ANOSTOSIS 


62 


ANTERIOR 


an-os-to'sis. Failure of development in bone; 
atrophy of bone. Hyperostosis ; osteomala¬ 
cia; osteoporosis; ostitis. [<. av priv. -focrrfop 
bone.] 

an-o'ti a. Congenital absence of ears. [ < av priv. 

-f- ovg ear.] ^ monster without ears, 

an-o-tro'pi a. A condition marked by rising of the 
visual axes above the object looked at; anopho- 
ria. [< ap(j upward-Frp£ 7 r£^p to turn.] 
a-no-ves'i-cal. Relating to the anus and the 
bladder. 

an-ox-ae'mi a, an-ox-y-ae'mi a, an-ox-y-hiE'mi a. 

An inadequate supply of oxygen in the blood. 
[< av priv. + oxygen -f- a'ljua blood.] t^^'OX-ae'- 

mic, an-ox-y-ae'mic, an-ox-y-h£e'mic. 
an-o'zol. An antiseptic mixture of iodoform and 

lo to 20 % of thymol. 

an'sa*, pi. -scb. A loop, as of a nerve or blood^ves- 
sel. A. cap'itis, the zygomatic arch. A. of Haller 
= Haller’s ansa. A. of Henle = Henle’s loop. 
A. hypoglos'si*, the loop formed by the descendens 
hypoglossi and communicantes hypoglossi nerves; 
A. noni. A. lenticula'ris* or A. nu'clei lenticu- 
la'ris = SLING of the lenticular nucleus. A. 
no'ni = A. hypoglossi. A. peduncula'ris*, the re¬ 
gion of the brain adjacent to the ventral side of the 
thalamus, especially the inferior stalk of the thala¬ 
mus; Reil’s ansa. A. sacra'lis, a loop connecting 
the ganglion impar with the sympathetic nerve 
trunks. A. subcla'via [Vieussen'ii]*, the loop 
formed by the sympathetic nerve ^fibres which 
pass around the subclavian artery and connect 
the middle and the inferior cervical ganglion. A. 
of Wrisberg = WRis berg’s ansa. [ L.,“handle.”] 
an'se-rine. Pertaining to a goose. A. bursa = bur¬ 
sa ANSERiNA*. A. disease, a disease marked by 
emaciation of the extremities, which causes pro¬ 
jection of the tendons of the hand so that it re¬ 
sembles a goose’s foot. A. foot = pes anserinus. 
A. skin = CUTIS anserina. [<L. goose.] 

An'stie’s limit. The amount of alcohol (i^ ozs. per 
day) which the liver can completely oxidize. 
A.’s test, a test for alcohol in urine, made by 
slowly adding a reagent consisting of i part 
potassium bichromate in 300 parts sulphuric 

acid, a green color forming if alcohol is present, 
ant-ac'id. Destroying or counteracting acidity by 

combining with and neutralizing it. Alkali. 
[<avrt against-F L. a'cidum acid.] 
ant-ac'i-din. Calcium saccharate; used in dyspepsia, 
flatulence, etc. 

ant-ac'rid. Correcting an acrid condition of the se¬ 
cretions. A. tincture = tinctura antacrida. [< 
avTL against -f-L. ac'ridus acrid.] 
an-tag'o-nism. i. The action of muscles opposed 
to each other in function. 2. Opposition in the 
action of drugs. [ < avrl against + dyuvi^eadai to 
strive.] fan-tag-o-nis'tic, as A. dnig, antago¬ 
nist, def. 2: A. muscle, ^antagonist, def. i: 
and A. nerves, nerves which antagonize each 
other’s action. 

an-tag'o-nist. i. A muscle whose function is op¬ 
posed to that of others: e. g., an abductor is the 
antagonist of the adductor of the same part. An¬ 
tagonists are direct when they act on the same 
part and by their combined action keep the part 
at rest; they are associated when they act upon 
different parts and by their combined action move 
the parts in parallel directions. 2 . A drug that 
destroys or interferes with the effect of another, 
an-tal'gic. = Anodyne. 

ant-ftl'ka-li, A substance that neutralizes alkalies. 


ant-al'ka-line. Neutralizing alkalines. 
ant'aph-ro-dis'i ac, -dit'ic. = Anaphrodisiac. 
ant'ap-o-plec'tic. Effective against apoplexy, 
ant-ar-thrit'ic. Relieving gout, as a remedy, 
ant-as-then'ic. Overcoming weakness; increasing 
bodily strength and tone, as a drug, 
antasthmatic (ant-as-mat'ic). Relieving asthma, 
as a remedy. 

ant-a-troph'ic. Overcoming atrophy, as a remedy, 
an'te. A Latin preposition meaning “before.” A. 
ci'bum, before meals. 

an-te-bra'chi um. The forearm; the antibrachium. 
[ < L. an'te before -\-hra'chium arm.] fan-te-bra'- 
chi al, as A. = humeroradial index. 

an-te-car'di um. The pit of the stomach, 
an-te-ce'dent. i. Preceding; going before. A. 
cause, the exciting cause of a disease. A. signs, 
the precursory symptoms of a disease. 2 . That 
which precedes; previous course or conduct. A 
patient’s antecedents are his habits, his regimen, 
his former diseases, his family history, etc. [< 
L. antece'dere to go before.] 
an-te-cor'nu. The cornu of the lateral ventricle, 
an-te-cu'bi-tal fossa. The triangular hollow in front 
of the elbows joint. 

an-te-cur'va-ture. Moderate anteflexion, 
an-te-fix-a'tion of the uterus. The forward sutur¬ 
ing of the uterus in cases of retroflexion, 
anteflex'io u'teri. Displacement of the uterus, the 
fundus sinking forward between its cervix and 
the neck of the bladder. [ L.] 
an-te-flex'ion. A bending forward, as A. of the 
uterus = ANTEFLEXio UTERI. [ < L. an'te before -f 
flec'tere to bend.] 

an-te-lo-ca'tion. Forward displacement of an organ 
an-te-me'di an. = Anteromedian. 
an-te-me'sin. Gelatin capsules of anaesthesine. 
ant-e-met'ic. Acting to prevent vomiting, 
an-te-mor'tem clot, Postmortem clot. 
an-te-na'tal. Occurring before birth, as A. pathology. 
anten'nae. The “feelers” of arthropods. 
Antenna'ria margarita'cea. Life everlasting, a com¬ 
posite plant of North America: said to be some¬ 
what expectorant and astringent. 
an-te-parffuTU. Before delivery or childbirth. [ L.] 
ant-eph-i-al'tic. Efficacious against nightmare. 

[ < dvTi against -f kgnaATTjq nightmare.] 
ant-ep-i-lep'tic. Efficacious against epilepsy, 
an-te-pros'tate. = Antiprostate. 
an-te-py-ret'ic amputation. An amputation per¬ 
formed before the occurrence of traumatic fever; 
primary amputation. 

ant-e-reth'ic. Good against irritation. [ < dvri 
ag-Cimst+hpe 6 LGpoq irritation.] 
an-te'ri or. Situated in front of or before. K?r- 
Posterior. a. auditory nucleus = accessory 
AUDITORY NUCLEUS. A. auficular muscle = at- 
TRAHENS AUREM. A. Capsule, ^CAPSULE OF THE 
LENS. A. central convolution, the ascending 
FRONTAL CONVOLUTION. A. Cerebral vesicle, 
CEREBRAL VESICLE. A. cerebrospinal or pyrami¬ 
dal fasciculus = pyramidal tract, ANTERIOR. A. 
chamber of the eye, chamber of the eye. A. 
column of the spinal cord, that portion of the 
white matter which is included in either half be¬ 
tween the anterior median fissure and the an¬ 
terior horn; funiculus anterior*. A. commissure, 

r^COMMISSURA ANTERIOR ALBA ; COMMISSURA 
CEREBRI ANTERIOR. A. common foramen, the 
foramen of Monro. A. common ligament = an¬ 
terior VERTEBRAL LIGAMENT. A. communicat- 
ing artery, the short trunk connecting the an- 


ANTERIOR 


63 


ANTEVERSIO UTERI 


terior cerebral arteries and forming part of the 
circle of Willis; arteria communicans anterior'*'. A. 
crural nerve, ^ crural nerve. A. curvature of 
the spine = lordosis. A. dental canal, ts- dental 
CANAL. A. elastic layer = Bowman’s membrane. 
A. ethmoidal canal, ethmoidal canal. A. fo¬ 
cus, cardinal points, a. fontanelle, k^fon- 
TANELLE. A. fomix, the recess between the an¬ 
terior vaginal wall and the cervix uteri. The 
corresponding but deeper recess on the opposite 
side is the posterior fornix. A. fossa, m- cranial 
FOSSA. A. ground bundle, cf-ground bundle. 
A. inferior lobe biventral lobe. A. lateral 
fissure, the indistinct furrow on each side of the 
anterior median fissure formed by the root=fibres 
of the spinal nerves. A. ligament, i. The liga- 
mentum patellae. 2. A broad band between the 
radius and ulna and the pyramidal, semilunar, 
and scaphoid bones and the os magnum. 3. A 
flat bundle of fibres between the coronoid fossa 
of the humerus and the coronoid process of the 
ulna and the orbicular ligament. 4. One of the 
vesicosuterine folds. 5. A broad band extending 
between the spine of the sphenoid bone and the 
anterior part of the head and neck of the mal¬ 
leus. A. lobe. I. = Frontal lobe. 2. ^ 

Quadrate lobule of the cerebellum. A. 
marginal bundle, a descending nerve tract of the 
spinal cord occupying the anterior three*fourths 
of the anterolateral column; anterolateral de¬ 
scending cerebellar tract. A. median fissure = 

FISSURA LONGITUDINALIS ANTERIOR. A. medi¬ 
astinum, MEDIASTINUM. A. nares, ts-NARis. A. 
nephrectomy, [^nephrectomy. A.palatine arch, 
G®- PALATINE ARCH. A. palatine canal = palatine 
CAN. 4 L, ANTERIOR. A. perforated space, imperfor¬ 
ated SPACE. A. polar cataract, im polar cata¬ 
ract. A. pole, the anterior extremity of the an¬ 
teroposterior axis of the crystalline lens; polus an¬ 
terior*. A. poliomyelitis, inflammation of the gray 
matter of the front of the spinal cord. ^Polio¬ 
myelitis. A. pyramidal tract, im pyramidal 
tract, a. pyramids, iM pyramids of tee medul¬ 
la. A. rhinoscopy, iM rhinoscopy. A. root. i. (Of 
the auditory nerve.) The root of the auditory nerve 
which arises from the large=celled auditory nu¬ 
cleus. 2. (Of the spinal nerves.) The motor roots 
of the spinal nerves. 3. (Of the zygoma.) A ridge 
nmning from the temporal part of the zygoma to 
the squamous portion of the temporal bone. A. 
rotation, the rotating or turning forward of the 
presenting part in labor. A. scleral foramen, im 
SCLERAL foramen. A. staphyloma, im staphy¬ 
loma. A. synechia, em synechia. A. thoracic 
nerve, em thoracic nerve. A. tibial artery, 
gland, nerve, and vein, em tibial. A. triangle (of 
the neck), a triangle bounded in front by a line 
running from the chin to the sternum, and behind 
by the anterior edge of the sternomastoid, its 
base being formed by the lower edge of the jaw 
and a line from the angle of the jaw to the mas¬ 
toid process, and its apex being at the sternum. 
A. triangular ligament, em triangular ligament. 
A. trochlear nucleus, ^trochlear nucleus. A. 
tubercle, i. A rounded prominence forming the 
anterior end of the optic thalamus; tuberculum 
anterior thalami*. 2. A tubercle at the anterior 
end of the transverse process of some of the ver¬ 
tebrae. 3. A prominence of the anterior and 
lower surface of the os calcis. 4. A prominence 
at the upper part of the orifice of the vagina be¬ 
hind the meatus urinarius. At vertebral liga¬ 


ment, a strong, thin, fibrous band, situated in 
front of the vertebral column, and extending from 
the occipital bone the entire length of the former. 
A. vertebral vein, ^vertebral vein. A. vitelline 
vein, ^ VITELLINE VEIN. A. white commissure 
= COMMISSURA ANTERIOR ALBA. [L., “ before.”] 
an'te-ro-. Signifying before or anterior: a combin¬ 
ing form. imPostero-. 'L. ante'rior.) an'te- 
ro-grade, running backward, as A. incision, one 
running backward: and A. memory, a memory 
that has lost the power of acquiring new recol¬ 
lections.— an*te-rodn-fe'ri or, situated in front 
and below.— an‘te-ro=in-ter'nal, situated in front 
and to the inner side.— an-te-ro-lat'e-ral, situated 
in front and to one side, as A. column (of the 
spinal cord), the portion of the white matter in¬ 
cluded between the anterior median fissure and 
the posterior horn of the gray matter, embracing 
a number of secondary tracts, among which are 
the A. ascending and descending tracts, the A. 
ground bundle, and Tiirck’s column: A. fissure, a 
line of small openings near the anterior median 
fissure, from which the anterior roots of the spinal 
nerves emerge: A. ganglionic arteries, a group of 
small arteries arising at the beginning of the 
middle cerebral artery and passing through the 
anterior perforated space to supply the caudate 
and lenticular nuclei, the internal capsule, and the 
optic thalamus: A. groove, the line along the 
spinal cord where the anterior roots of the spinal 
nerves emerge: A. root of the optic tract, a bundle 
bf fibres passing from the optic thalamus through 
the external geniculate body: and A. sclerosis = 
SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA. —an-te-ro-me'di an, situated 
in front and in the middle, as A. artery (of the 
spine), an arterial trunk formed by the anasto¬ 
mosis of branches from the intercostal and lumbar 
arteries, and occupying the mesal plane on the 
front of the spinal cord: and A. ganglionic arte¬ 
ries, a group of small arteries arising at the begin¬ 
ning of the anterior cerebral artery, and piercing 
the anterior perforated space and lamina cinerea 
to supply part of the caudate nucleus.— ande-ro- 
pa-ri'e-tal, anterior and parietal, as A. area, that 
portion of the parietal bone which lies in front of 
the parietal eminence: A. convolution, the as¬ 
cending FRONTAL CONVOLUTION of the brain: and 
A. /i55Mre = PRECENTRAL FISSURE.— an’te-ro-pos- 
te'ri or, from before toward the back, as A. diame¬ 
ter = SACROPUBic DIAMETER. — an’tc-ro-su-pe'ri- 
or, located in front and above.— an-te-ro-tem'po- 
ral convolution, the superior temporosphenoidal 
or supertemporal convolution, 
ant-e-rot'ic. = Anaphrodisiac. 
an-te-sca-le'nus. = Scalenus anticus. 



antever'sio u'teri. Displacement of the uterus, the 
fundus being thrown forward and compressing 






ANTEVERSION 


64 


ANTHROPO- 


the neck of the bladder, and the mouth being 
turned to the sacrum. 

an-te-ver'sion. A turning forward, as of the uterus. 

i^Anteversio uteri. t3^ii“t®~ver''ted. 
ant-hae-mop'ty-ic. Checking haemoptysis, 
an-thec'tic. Good against hectic or against con¬ 
sumption. [ < avrl against + mrLKoq hectic.] 
ant'he-lix*. The inner circular ridge of the exter¬ 
nal ear. [ < avr'i against 4- fhelix.] fant- 
hel'i-cine, as A. fossa, the depression between 
the branches of the anthelix; the fossa triangu¬ 
laris ; fossa anthelicis *. 

an-thel-min'tic. Destroying worms; expelling 
worms from the intestinal canal, as a drug. 
Vermifuges cause the expulsion of worms, and 
vermicides destroy them. A. species = spe¬ 

cies ANTHELMINTICS. A. syrup, fluidcxtract of 
senna, i fl. dr.; oil of chenopodium, i fl. dr.; 
syrup of rhubarb, 2 fl. ozs. Dose, i fl. dr. three 
times a day. [< avri against-f eljiLvg a worm.] 
an'the-ma. Cutaneous efflorescence, 
an'the-mis *, gen. anthem'idis. The dried flower^ 
heads collected from cultivated plants ot An'themis 
no'hilis, a composite plant; chamomile. Chamo¬ 
mile is a mild tonic; used in feeble digestion, and 
as a febrifuge. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 
ant-hem-or-rha'gic. Checking hemorrhage, 
an'ther. That part of the stamen which contains 
the pollen. [< flowering.] fan-the-rid'- 

i um, the male reproductive organ of cryptogams. 
AnthiaTis (Antia'ris) toxica'ria. Bohun upas. 
From the gum^resin, an'thi-a-rin or an'ti-a-rin, 
CJ4H20O5, an active principle, is obtained, 
an-tho-ma'ni a. Insane passion for flowers. 
Anthomy'ia caniculaTis. The very small black 
house=fly, the larvae of which may infest man. 
Anthoxan'thum odora'tum. Sweet scented vernal 
grass, whose pollen induces asthmatic attacks, 
an-thra-cae'mi a, an-thra-ce'mi a. i. The presence 
of Bacil'lus an'ihracis in the blood. 2. Asphyxia 
(regarded as an excess of carbon dioxide in the 
blood). [< avdpa^ coal, carbuncle.] 
an'thra-cene. A hydrocarbon, CpH^; (CH)2 :CrH 4, 
from coabtar: used in the making of artificial aliza¬ 
rin and of dyes called A. colors. [ < avdpa^ coal.] 
an-thra'ci a. Any disease marked by the forma¬ 
tion of carbuncles. A. pes'tis, the plague. A. 
ru'bula = frambcesia. 
an-thrac'ic. Pertaining to anthrax, 
an-thra-ci'na, an'thra-cine cancer. A cancer 
marked by melanosis. [< avOpa^ coal.] 
an'thra-cine. A poisonous ptomaine prepared from 
cultures of Bacil'lus an'thracis. 
an-thra'ci on. Malignant anthrax. 
an'thra-coid. Having the nature of anthrax, 
an’thra-com'e-ter. A device for estimating the 
carbon dioxide in the expired breath. 
an*thra-co-ne-cro'sis. Gangrene in which the dead 
tissues become black and appear to be carbon¬ 
ized; often observed in old people, Mummi¬ 
fication. [< dvdpa^ coal -I- vsKpoxji^ death.] 
an-thra-co'sis. A chronic pulmonary disease among 
miners, stokers, and coabheavers, due to the 
excessive accumulation of coabdust in the 
lungs and often associated with tuberculo¬ 
sis; black spittle; collier’s lung. e^Pneumoko- 
Niosis. [ < avdpa^ coal.] 
an-thra-co-ty'phus. Typhus with carbimcles. 
an-thra-gal'lol. An interactions product of benzoic, 
gallic, and sulphuric acids, 
an-thra-pur'pu-rin. An isomer of purpurin, 
Cj^HgOg. A. diacetate = purgatin. 


an-thra-quin'one. A substance, Ci4Hg02, obtained 
by oxidation of anthracene with chromic acid or 
glacial acetic acid. A. cholalate, a cholagogue 
compound of anthraqumone and cholalic acid, 
an-thra-ro'bin. A substance obtainable by the 
deoxidation of purpurin or alizarin; desoxyali- 
zarin. It rerembles chrysarobin physically and 
therapeutically. An alcoholic solution or an oint¬ 
ment (each of 10% strength) may be used locally, 
an'thrax. i. A carbuncle. 2. An acute, infectious, 
very fatal direase, due to Bacil'lus an'thracis, af¬ 
fecting domestic animals, especially cattle and 
sheep, and communicable to man, either through 
wounds or through the 
respiratory and intestinal 
tracts; anthraccemia; ma¬ 
lignant anthrax; malig¬ 
nant pustule; mycosis in- 
testinalis; “ Persian fire ” 

(of the early Arabian 
writers); splenic fever or 
apoplexy ;woolsorters’ dis¬ 
ease; charbon (F.) ; Milz- 
hrand (Ger.). It is marked 
by enlargement cf the 
spleen, extravasations of 
blood, and local gangrene. Anti^anthrax 
SERUM. A. albumose, an albumose formed by the 
action of Bacil'lus an'thracis on the system. A. 
bacillus, a micro-organism, Bacil'lus an'thracis, 
regarded as the cause of malignant anthrax or 
charbon, and also of the splfuiic fever of sheep. 
Intestinal a., anthrax m whi^'h the intestine is 
affected. Malignant a. = anthrax, def. 2. A. 
proteid = A. albumose. Symptomatic a. = quar¬ 
ter-evil. [ < dvBpa^ carbimcle or coal.] 
an-thrit'ic ring. = Sclerotic zone. 
an-thro-pho'bi a. = Anthropophobia. 
an'thro-po-. Relating to man, especially in the 
generic sense of human being: a combining form. 
e^Andro-. [< dvOpoTTog man.] andhro-po-bi- 
ol'o-gy, the biology of the human species.— 
an-thro-poch'e-my, the chemistry of the human 
body.— an-thro-pog'e-ny, the science of the gen¬ 
eration of man.— an-thro-pog'ra-phy, a history 
or treatise on the structure of man.— an'thro- 
poid, resembling man: applied to certain apes.— 
an-thro-pol'o-gy. i. A treatise on man; a de¬ 
scription of man. 2. The science of man, con¬ 
sidered as a species of animal {Physical a.), as an 
intellectual being (Culture a.), and as a criminal 
(Criminal a.). — an-thro-pom'e-try, measurement 
(also weighing) of the parts of the human body: 
especially applied during recent years to Ber- 
tillon’s system, tan-thro-pom'e-ter. an'thro- 
po-met'ric. — an-thro-pon'o-my, the science of the 
laws which regulate the functions of the organs 
of the body; human physiology.— 'andhro-po-no- 
sol'o-gy, the science of the diseases of man. — 
an-thro-poph'a-gy. i. Cannibalism. 2. Sexual 
perversion marked by cannibalistic tendencies. 
— an*thro-po-pho'bia, a morbid dread of society: 
seen especially in neurasthenia.— an-Uxro-pos'co- 
py, the inspection of the lineaments or features 
of man; physiognomy. — an*thro-po-so-ma-tol'- 
o-gy, the science of the structure of the human 
body.— an-thro-pos'o-phy, knowledge of man, 
his structure and functions.— an-thro-po-ther'- 
a-py, the therapeutics of diseases of mankind.— 
an-thro-pot'o-my, the dissecting of man; human 
anatomy.— an-thro-po-tox'in, the poisonous sub¬ 
stance said to be excreted in respiration. 



Bacillus anthracis. 


ANTHYDROPIC 


65 


ANTICOMPLEMENT 


ant-hy-drop'ic, an-ti-hy-drop'ic. Curing dropsy, 
ant-hyp-not'ic. Hindering sleep, 
ant-hy-po-chon'dri ac. Curing hypochondriasis, 
ant-hys-ter'ic. Overcoming hysteria, ,as a remed/; 
an'ti-. A Latinized Greek prefix signifyirig 
“against,” “opposed to,” “corrective of,” or 
“instead of”: used for many biologic and syn¬ 
thetical preparations. [ < avri against.] 
an-ti=a'brin. A specific antibody hostile to abrin: 

formed after the injection of abrin. f^n-ti-a'bric. 
an-tisa-di'tis. Inflammation of the tonsils. [< 
avTidg tonsil.] 

an-tisag-glu'ti-nin. A substance hostile to the action 
of AGGLUTININ, t^n-tisag-glu'ti-na-ting. 
an-tisag-gres'sin. A hypothetic substance formed 
in the serum after repeated injections of aggres- 
sins: hostile to aggressins when injected into an 
animal of another species, 
an-tisal'bu-mate. A substance resulting from imper¬ 
fect digestion of albumin; para peptone: changed 
into peptone by trypsin, but not by pepsin. 
an-tisaTbu-mide. A product of the decomposition 
of albumin-; formed in the process of digestion, 
an-tisal-bu'min. That constituent of albumin 
which is changed by gastric juice into antisalbu- 
mose. Hemi=albumin. 
an-tisaTbu-mose. A substance intermediate be¬ 
tween albumin and, antipeptone: it is found at 
one stage of the digestion of food, 
an-tisa-lex'in. A substance counteracting alexins. 
an-tisam-a-rilTic serum. An animal serum used in 
the treatment of yellow fever, 
an-tisam'bo-cep-tor. A substance counteracting 
amboceptors; anti=immune body, 
an-tisan-a-phy-lax'is. A condition which is con¬ 
trary to ANAPHYLAXIS. 

an-tisan'thrax serum. A blood*serum from animals 
inoculated with attenuated cultures of the 
Bacil'lus an'thracis. 

an'tisan-tis compounds. Theoretical chemical com¬ 
pounds called into existence by anticompounds, 
as Anti^anti^enzyme. 

an-tisaph-ro-dis'i ac. = Antaphrodisiac. 
an-tisap-o-plec'tic. i. Good against apoplexy. 2. 

A remedy for apoplexy, 
an'ti ar. Bohun upas. 

Antia'ris. ^Anthiaris. fan'ti-a-rin, an arrow* 
poison. 

an-tisar'se-nin. A substance cotmteracting arsenic: 
formed in the body as the result of immunizing 
doses of arsenous acid. 

an-tisar'thrin. A condensation ^product of tannin 
and saligenin. Dose, 6 Gm. (90 grs.). 
an-ti*ar-thrit'ic. = Ant a rth riti c. 
an-ti*asth-mat'ic. = Antasthmatic. 
an-ti*au-toTy-sin. A substance opposing the action 
of an au+^olysin. 

an-ti-bac-ti^oi al. i. Efficacious against bacteria. 

2. Opposed to the germ theory of disease, 
an-ti-bac'te-ride. One of various antiseptics, as a 
mixture of borax, boric acid, and glucose, 
an-ti-bac'te-rin. Any one of various proprietary 
antiseptic preparations, particularly the pale yel¬ 
low fluid used by inhalation in tuberculosis, 
an-ti-bech'ic. Good against a cough. 
an-ti-biTi ous. Effective against biliousness, 
an-ti-bi-o'sis. Destructive to life, as the process 
whereby one organism destroys the growth of 
another. [< avri against +life.] fan-ti- 
bi-ot'ic. 

an-ti-blen-nor-rhag'ic. Acting against blennorrhoea. 
an-ti-bod'y. A term for any one of various sub- 

5 


stances formed in the blood*serum by the action 
of bacteria or their toxins during immunization, 
the function of which is to antagonize, neutral¬ 
ize, precipitate, or dissolve morbific microbic 
products or to destroy the invading microbes; 
called glahrificin by Gruber. Included among the 
antjibodies are the agglutinins, anti*enzymes, 

ANTITOXINS, BACTERIOLYSINS, CYTOTOXINS, HE¬ 
MOLYSINS, OPSONINS, PRECIPITINS, etC. 

an-ti-bra'chi um*. The foiearm as opposed to 
(when bent upon) the upper arm. [ < avri 
against -I- (ipax'^v arm.] jan-ti-bra'chi al. 
an-ti-bro'mic. Deodorant; counteracting bad odors, 
an-ti-ca-chec'tic. Opposed to cachectic diseases, 
an-ti-cal'cu-lous. Acting against calculi, 
an-ti-can'cer-ous. Effective against cancer. A. 

serum, i. =Cancroin. 2. = Anticancrin. 
an-ti-can'crin. A blood=serum from sheep immu¬ 
nized against cultures of the Streptococ'cus erysip' 
el'atis: said to be of value in cancer, 
an-ti-car'di um. The pit of the stomach; the epi¬ 
gastrium. fan-ti-car'di ac. 
an-ti-ca'ri ous. Tending to cure or prevent caries, 
an-ti-cat'a-lase. A substance opposing catalase. 
an-ti-ca-tar'rhal. Relieving or curing catarrh, 
an-ti-cath'ode. The mass of platinum in the focus 
of the cathode of a R6ntgen*ray tube, receiving 
the impact of the cathode stream, and giving rise 
to the Rontgen rays; target: often but not neces¬ 
sarily the anode. 

an-ti-cau-sot'ic. Cooling; allaying an inflammatory 
process. [< dvrt against + Kavacg burning.] 
an-ti-caus'tic. Diminishing or preventing a caustic 
effect. 

an-ti-ceph-a-lal'gic. Relieving headache, 
an-ti-chei-rot'o-nus. A spasmodic inflection of the 
thumb seen in certain nervous conditions, as 
epilepsy. [< dvrixtip thumb -I- tovoq tension.] 
an'ti-chlor. A substance, like sodium thiosulphate, 
which removes chlorine in bleaching, 
an-ti-chlo-rot'ic. Relieving chlorosis, 
an-ti-cho-ler'ic. Serviceable against cholera, 
an-ti-chol'e-ra vaccine of Kolle. A standardized 
emulsion of killed cholera bacilli with 0.5% of 
phenol; malaise and fever may occur after injec¬ 
tion. Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.), which may be re¬ 
peated in 10 days. 

an-ti-chol'e-rin. A product obtained by Klebs from 
cultures of cholera bacteria; said to be bacterici¬ 
dal and to give immunity against cholera, 
an-tic-i-pa'tion. The recurrence of any phenome¬ 
non in the body before the usual time. [ < L. 
an'te before + cap'ere to take.] fan-tic'i-pa-ted, 
as A. sys'tole, systole, an-tic'i-pa-ting, as A. 
intermittent, an intermittent in which the parox¬ 
ysms recur at an earlier time each day. 
an-ti-cli'nal vertebra. The tenth or eleventh dorsal 
vertebra. 

an-tic'li-sis. A nervous response to stimulation 
which is volitional, and not reflex. 
an-ti-clou'dine. A proprietary paste for protecting 
glass or nickel instruments from moisture, etc. 
an-tic-ne'mi on. The shin or leg. 
an-ti-co-ag'u-lant, an-ti-co-ag'u-la-tive. Prevent¬ 
ing coagulation. 

an-ti-co-ag'u-lin. A substance formed in the body, 
acting in opposition to coagulin. 
an-ti’co-bra-chi-a'lis. =Brachialis anticus. 
an-ti-col'ic. Good against colic, 
an-ti-com'ple-ment. A substance entering, accord¬ 
ing to Ehrlich's side=chain theory, into the com¬ 
position of ANTIHEMOLYSINS. 


ANTICONTAGIONISM 


66 


ANTILIPASE 


an-ti-con-ta'gion-ism. Disbelief in the contagion 
of any special disease. 

an-ti-con-ta'gious. Good against contagion, 
an-ti-con-vul'sive, -sant, an-ti-con-vel'lent. Useful 
against convulsions. 

an-ti-co-pom'e-ter, -cop'o-scope. = Pleximeter. 
an'ti-cor. A phlegmon of horses and cattle. , 
an-ti-cor-nu'tin and an-ti-co-ro'in. Proprietary 
antiseptic preparations. 

an-ti-cri'sis. An occurrence that prevents or inter¬ 
feres with the occurrence of a crisis, 
an-ti-cro'ta-lus serum, Antivenomous serum. 
an-tic-ter'ic. = ANxiaicxERic. 
an-ti-cu'bi-tal. A less correct form of antecubital. 
an-ti'cus. Anterior; in front of. [ L.] 
an-ti-cyc'lic acid. A white powder used as an 
antipyretic. Dose, 0.0006 Gm. gr.). 
an-ti-cy-to-tox'in. A substance which counteracts 
a cytotoxin. 

an-ti-deix'is. =Contrasindication. [<aRr/against 
-t- de'i^tg showing.] 

an‘ti-di-a-be'tin. Saccharin and mannite; also sac¬ 
charin and oil of almonds: preparations used as 
substitutes for sugar in diabetes. 
an*ti-di-ar-rhce'ic. Good against diarrhoea, 
an-ti-di'a-stase. A substance formed in blood* 
serum after the injection of diastase and opposing 
the action of diastase. 

an-ti-din'ic. Relieving from giddiness or vertigo. 

[< avr'i against -I- 6lvo^ giddiness.] 
an-ti-diph'the-rin. Any one of various preparations 
used in the treatment of diphtheria, particularly 
that of Klebs, consisting of the precipitate ob¬ 
tained by alcohol from the culturesfluid of the 
Bacil'lus diphthe'ricB after removal of the bacilli, 
an'ti-diph-the-rit'ic. Good against diphtheria. A. 

serum = SERUM antidiphthericum*. 
an'ti-diph-the-rit'i-con. A preparation containing 
the oils of birch and of beech, potassium sulphite 
and carbonate, and alcohol: used in diphtheria, 
an-ti-do'lo-rin. A proprietary preparation of ethyl 
chloride. 

an'ti-dote. A medicine given to counteract the 
effects of poison; alexipharmic; bezoardic; anti- 
pharmac. Chemical a.; mechanical a.; 
PHYSIOLOGICAL A. [ < L. antid'otum fr. dvTt 
against -1- diSovvac to give.] f an-ti-do'tal. an-ti- 
do'ta-ry. i. A treatise on antidotes or on phar¬ 
macy. 2. A dispensary, or place where medicines 
are prepared, an'ti-do-tism. i. The quality of 
being antidotal. 2. The giving of antidotes, 
an-ti-drom'ic impulses. Nervedmpulses transmit¬ 
ted in the opposite direction from normal: sup¬ 
posed to account for the vasodilation following 
stimulation of the peripheral end of certain 
afferent nerve fibres. 

an-ti-dy-nam'ic. Decreasing the strength, 
an-ti-dys-crat'ic. i. Improving dyscratic condi¬ 
tions. 2. A medicine which improves or destroys 
dyscrasia. [< dvri against + 6 v( 7 Kpaaia dyscrasia.] 
an*ti-dys-en-ter'ic. Preventing or curing dysentery. 
A. serum, a blood *serum from horses immunized 
with cultures of dysentery bacteria and toxins. 
[< dvTc against -f dvaevrepia dysentery.] 
an-ti-dys-pep'tic pills. = Pilule antidyspeptic^. 
an-ti-dys-u'ric. Good against dysuria. 
an-ti*e-met'ic. = Antemetic. 
an-ti*en'zyme. A substance neutralizing the action 
of an enzyme, as the antipepsin of the stomach, 
which is supposed to prevent its auto digestion. 
an-ti*eph-i-al'tic. = Antephialtic. 
an'tisep-i-the-li-o'ma-tous serum. A blood*serum 


from aviimals immunized with cultures of patho¬ 
genic yeasts found in cancerous growths, 
an'ti-fat. An agent or a remedy which prevents 
or diminishes fatness, 
an-ti-feb'rile. Subduing fever; febrifuge, 
an-ti-feb'rin. A proprietary name for acetanilide. 
an-ti-fer'ment. An agent that prevents fermenta¬ 
tion. tan*ti-fer-men'ta-tive. 
an-ti~for'min. A proprietary alkaline sodium dis¬ 
infecting solution: used in 15% solution for isolat¬ 
ing tubercle bacilli. [T[ J. A. M. A. j. ’ii.] 
an-ti-fun'gin. An antiseptic preparation contain¬ 
ing free boric acid and magnesium biborate, 
an-ti-fun'goid. Acting against fungoid organisms, 
an-ti-ga-lac'tic. Lessening the secretion of milk, 
an'ti-gens. Substances like bacterial and other 
toxins which have the power of inducing the 
formation of specific antibodies when introduced 
into the body of a susceptible animal. Antigens 
are immunizing substances, while antibodies are 
products of immunization. ®*Wassermann test. 
an-ti-ger'mi-nal pole. = Vitelline pole. 
an-ti-glu'co-sine. An acid extract of the duodenal 
mucosa: used in diabetes. Dose, 30 Cc. (i fl. oz.). 
an-ti-gon-o-coc'cus serum. A blood*serum from 
goats immunized with gonotoxin. A. vaccine, 
a vaccine prepared from gonococcus cultures, 
andi-gon-or-rhoe'ic. Acting, against gonorrhoea, 
an-ti-gug'gler. A device for preventing the splash¬ 
ing or gurgling of a liquid flowing from a bottle, 
andi-haem-ag-glu'ti-nin. A substance which op¬ 
poses the action of haemagglutinin. 
an-ti-hae-mol'y-sin. A complex substance formed 
in blood=serum after inoculation with haemoly- 
sins, having the power to protect the red corpus¬ 
cles from the action of bacterial haemolytic 
agents. It consists of anticomplements and anti* 
immime bodies, fan’ti-hasm-o-lyt'ic. 
an-ti-hec'tic. Assuaging hectic fever, 
an-ti-he'lix. =Anthelix. 

an-ti-hi-drot'ic. Lessening the secretion of sweat, 
an-ti-hy-drop'ic. Curative of dropsy, 
an-ti-hy'dro-pin. A crystalline diuretic principle 
from the cockroach (Periplane'ia orienta'lis ); 
taracannin. Dose, 0.6 to i Gm. (10 to 15 grs.). 
an-ti-hy-gi-en'ic. Insalubrious, 
an-ti-hys-ter'ic. = Anthysteric. 
an-ti-hyp-not'ic. Opposing sleep or hypnotism, 
an-tisic-ter'ic. Curative of icterus or jaundice. 

[ < dvrl against + inrepog jatmdice.] 
an-tisi-sol'y-sin. A substance opposing an isolysin. 
an-ti-kam'ni a. A proprietary antipyretic and 
anodyne: said before the passage of the U. S. 
Food and Drugs act to have been similar in com¬ 
position to the PuLvis acetanilidi compositus*, 
but now to contain phenacetine in place of ace¬ 
tanilide. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). [< dvri against 
-f Kapveiv to be in pain. J.A.M.A. ij. ’06.] 
a^-ti-ke-to-gen'evsis. The process of lowering acido¬ 
sis by the oxidizing in the body of sugar, alcohol, 
and allied substasces. t^-ti-ke-to-gen'ic; an- 
ti-ke-to-ge-net'ic. 

an'ti-koL A proprietary similar to antikamnia. 
an-ti-lac'tic. i. Arresting the secretion of milk. 

2. An antilactic medicine, 
an-ti-lep'rous serum. = Leprolin. 
an-ti-lep'sis. i. A mode of attaching a bandage 
over a diseased part by fixing it upon the sound 
parts. 2. Treatment by revulsion. [ < avrc in¬ 
stead of + lap^dvELv to take.] fan-ti-lep'tic. 
an-ti-le-thar'gic. A remedy for lethargy. 
an-ti-lip'ase. A substance antagonistic to lipase. 


ANTILITHIC 


67 


ANTIPARASTATA 


an-ti-lith'ic. Preventing the formation of stone or 
calculus. [< avTL against + a stone.] 
an-ti-lo'bi um, an'ti-lobe. The tragus, or part 
opposite the lobe of the ear. [ < clvtl against + 
^ofSog the lobe of the ear.] 
an-ti-loe'mic. =Antiloimic. 

an-ti-lo'gi a. A doubtful or contradictory combi¬ 
nation of symptoms, rendering diagnosis or treat¬ 
ment uncertain or indeterminable. [ < avr'i 
against + Xoyog speaking.] 
an-ti-loi'mic, an-ti-lce'mic. Curative of any plague 
or pestilence. [< avr'i against + ’koijxoq plague.] 
an-ti-lu-et'ic. Effective against syphilis, 
an-ti-ly-py'rine. A proprietary substance obtained 
by heating acetanilide with antipyrine. 
an-til'y-sin. A substance of normal human blood 
and of animals immunized against a disease, 
antagonistic to a lysin: increased in staphylo¬ 
coccic infections. Alexin; staphylolysin. 
fan-til'y-sis. 

an-ti-lys'sic. A remedy against hydrophobia. [< 
avTL against + Timaa canine madness.] 
an-ti-lyt'ic. Antiparalytic. A. secretion, saliva 
secreted by a submaxillary gland the nerves of 
which have been divided. 

an-ti-ma-la'ri als. Drugs which cure malaria by 
actively destroying the specific blood parasites, 
an-ti-mal'ta fever vaccine. A vaccine prepared 
from the Bacil'lus meliten'sis. 
an-ti-ma-ni'a-cal. Serviceable in cases of mania, 
an-ti-med'i-cal. Opposed to or inconsistent with 
medical science. 

an-ti-mel'lin. A glucoside said to be from Euge'nia 
jamhola'na: used in diabetes. [ G. ’04.] 
an-ti-men-in-git'ic serum. A serum prepared from 
the blood of horses with the Diplococ'cus intra- 
cellula'ris and its products*, Flexner’s serum; of 
393 selected cases treated with it, 295 recovered, 
on-ti-me-phit'ic. Overcoming foul smells and ex¬ 
halations. 

an'ti-mere. i. A homotype. 2. A counterpart, 
an-ti-me-tro'pi a. Hypermetropia in one eye with 
myopia in the other. [ < avr'i against + fierpov 
measure + uip eye.] tan-ti-me-trop'ic. 
an'ti-mi-as-mat'ic. Serviceable against symptoms 
or conditions of miasmatic origin, 
an-ti-mi-cro'bic, -bi al. Antagonistic to microbes, 
an-ti-mi-cro'bin. A substance formed in immune 
blood, capable of antagonizing or destroying 
germs and thus protecting animals against in¬ 
vading organisms; antibacterin. 
an-ti-moe'ea-sin serum. J.A.M.A. ij. ’06.] 
an-ti-mo'nium, gen. anA'mo'wM. = Antimony. A. 
sulphur alum (Kermes mineral), Antimonii oxidum, 
Antimonii sulphidum, and Antimonii sulphidum 
purificatum were official in the 1890 U. S. P., but 
were dismissed from the present pharmacopoeia. 
Antimo'nii et potas'sii tar'tras*, antimony and 
potassium tartrate, 2K(SbO)C4HjOg THgO, is 
popularly known as tartar emetic or tartarated 
(tartarized) antimony. It occurs in colorless, 
transparent crystals of the rhombic system. 
Dose, as an expectorant, 0.005 Gm. gr.) ; as an 
emetic, 0.03 Gm. gr.). la^ViNUM antimonii*. 
an'ti-mo-ny. A brittle, silver^white metal; symbol, 
Sb., from the ancient Latin stib'ium; at. wt., 
119.3; sp. gr., 6.7. The compounds of antimony 
are not used in medicine as much as formerly 
antimonium), but are of importance in the 
arts, as in type-metal, which is an alloy of an¬ 
timony and lead. The chief salts are the Alginate, 
Arsenate, Arsenite, Bromide, Chloride (trichloride 


or butter of antimony). Fluoride, Iodide, Oxalate, 
Oxide, Oxychloride, Oxyiodide, Peroxide (antimonic 
acid). Sulphate, Sulphide, Tannate, and Tartrate 

A. and potassium tartrate = antimonii et po- 
TASSii TARTRAS*. f < L. antimo'nium.] fan'ti- 
mo-nate or an-ti-mo'ni ate. an-ti-mo'ni al, as A . 
ointment, the unguentum antimonii tartarati of the 

B. P., made by mixing \ oz. tartarated antimony in 

fine powder with i oz. simple ointment; tartar 
emetic ointment; A. plaster, a plaster made of 
antimony and potassium tartrate, in fine powder, 
with Burgundy pitch, which is used as a counter- 
irritant, and affords one of the most convenient 
methods of obtaining the local pustulating ef¬ 
fects of tartar emetic: A. powder = pulvis anti- 
MONiALis; and A. = viNUM ANTIMONII*. an- 

ti-mo'nic, as A. acid, HgOgSbO. an'ti-mo-nid. 
an-ti-mo'ni ous, as A. acid, an acid formed by heat¬ 
ing white hydrous antimony peroxide; HgOgSb; 
and A. c/i/orfdf? = antimony chloride, an'ti- 
mo-nite. an-ti-mo-ni-u-ret'ed. 

an-tim'oTon. A restorative medicine; a remedy in 
pressing danger. [< avr'i against+p 6 pog death.] 
an-ti-mor'phine serum. A serum against mor¬ 
phinism: eumorphol; from animals inoculated 
with gradually increasing doses of morphine, 
an-ti-my-cot'ic, an-ti-my-cet'ic. Destructive to 
vegetable micro-organisms, as a remedy. [< dvr'i 
against + pviiT/g fungus.] 
an-ti-myd-ri-at'ic. Antagonistic to mydriasis, 
an-ti-nar-cot'ic. Good against narcotic poisoning, 
an-ti-ne-phrit'ic. Curative of kidney diseases. 

[< dvr'i against +ve(l>ptrig disease of the kidneys.] 
an-ti-ner'vine. Salicylic acid and ammonium bro¬ 
mide, each I part, with acetanilide, 2 parts; 
salicylbromanilide; salbromalide: antirheumatic 
and antipyretic. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
an-ti-neu-ral'gic. Serviceable against neuralgia, 
Anodyne. A. pills = pilul.® antineuralgic^. 
an-ti-neu-rot'ic. Good against nervous diseases, 
an-tin'i on. The anterior or frontal pole of the 
cranium; the point in the median line of the 
frontal bone farthest from the inion or occipital 
pole. [< aPTi against+ occiput.] t^ri"6n'- 
i ad, an-tin'i al, opposite the occiput; toward, 
the antinion. Glabellad. 
an-ti-non'nin. A preparation of potassium ortho- 
dinitrocresol with soap and glycerin; used as a 
wood preservative and insecticide, 
an-ti-no'sin. A compound of sodium and noso- 
phen: an external antiseptic used like iodoform, 
an-ti-nos'trum war. The campaign of various 
journals, organizations, and individuals against 
nostrums and quackery which culminated in the 
U. S. Food and Drugs Act of June 30, 1906. 
an‘ti-o-don-tal'gic. = Antodontalgic. 
an-ti-o-phid'ic serum. A serum prepared for the 
cure of snake bites: said to have been used with 
good results in the treatment of yellow fever. 

Antivenomous serum. 

an-ti-op'so-nin. A constituent of normal human 
serum, antagonistic to the opsonins. ^ Antigen. 
an-ti-or-gas'tic, ant-or-gas'tic. Allaying excite¬ 
ment ; sedative, especially of venereal excitement. 
[< dvr'i against + bpyd^eiv to excite.] 
an-ti-ot'o-my. Excision of the tonsils. [< dvridg 
tonsil -t- refivELV to cut.] 

an*ti-par-a-lyt'ic. Remedial in cases of paralysis. 

A. secretion = ANTiLYTic secretion. 
an’ti-par-a-sit'ic. Serviceable against parasites, 
an’ti-pa-ras'ta-ta, pi. -tee. = Cowper’s gland. 
fan ’ti-pa-ra-sta-ti'tis. 


ANTIPATHY 


68 


ANTIRHEUMATIC 


^m-tip'a-thy. Any opposite properties in matter; 
also, aversion to particular objects; a natural op¬ 
position to anything. [ < L. antipathi'a, fr. avTi 
against +Tzddog feeling or disease.] « fan-ti-path'ic, 
exciting contrary symptoms; allopathic. 
an-ti-pe-dic'u-lous. Of use against Pedic'uli. 
an-ti-pep'sin. ^ Antisenzyme. 
an-ti-pep'tone. The part of the peptones of tryptic 
digestion which was supposed to undergo no 
further cleavage under the action of trypsin, in 
contradistinction to heniipeptone, the part said to 
be broken down into simpler molecules, Am- 

PHIPEPTONE. 

ah’ti-pe-ri-od'ic. A remedy which has the power to 
arrest morbid periodic movements, or to relieve 
or prevent periodic paroxysms, especially those 
of malaria. Among the chief antiperiodics are 
cinchona bark, quinine, cinchonine, salicin, be¬ 
beerine, and Eucalyp'tus glob'ulus. A. pills = 

PILULE ANTIPERIODICS. 

an'ti-pe-ri-os'tin. A 30% solution of iodomercuric 
cantharidinate; ossoline: used by inunction in 
spavin, galls and similar excrescences of animals. 
an*ti-per-i-stal'sis. Reversed peristalsis; peristalsis 
from below upward, fan'ti-per-i-stal'tic. 
an'ti-pest serum. An animal serum against the 
plague. ^Yersin’s serum; Haffkine’s pro¬ 
phylactic FLUID. 

an*ti-phag-o-cyt'ic. Antagonistic to phagocytosis. 
an-ti-phar'mac. = Alexipharmac. 
an-ti-phlo-gis'tic. i. Subduing inflammation. 2. 
A medicine that subdues inflammation or fever. 
A. treatment, treatment to subdue inflammation 
or excitement of the system in inflammatory 
complaints. [< dvrt against -f ^"keyeiv to burn.] 
an-ti-phlo-gis'tine. A proprietary preparation said 
to act like cataplasma kaolinum*. 
an'ti-phone. An instrument worn in the ear to 
deaden sounds. 

an-ti-phry-nol'y-sin. An antitoxin against toad 
poison. 

an-tiph-thi'ri ac. Destructive of lice. [ < dvri 
against -H (j}dEip louse.] 

an-tiph-this'ic. Checking phthisis or consumption, 
an-tiph'thi-sin. A cr^sol preparation of the tuber¬ 
cle bacilli. Tuberculin. 
an-ti-phy-sa'ic. Dispelling flatulency. [ < dvri 
against ^vcrdv to inflate.] 
an-ti-phys'ic. i. Contrary to nature. 2. A less 
correct form of antiphysaic. [ < dvri against 
-f- (pvcjig nature.] 

an-ti-plague'vaccine, Haffkine’s prophylactic 

FLUID. ■ 

an-ti-plas'tic. Opposing healing or granulation; dis¬ 
organizing. [< dvTi against -|- TrTidaaeiv to form.] 
an-ti-pleu-rit'ic. Curative of pleurisy. 
an*ti-pneu-mo-coc'cic (or an"ti-pneu-mo-coc'cus) se¬ 
rum. A serum from the blood of animals, espe¬ 
cially horses, inoculated with Streptococcus lan- 
ceola'tus {Diplococ'cus pneumo'nice). Dose, by 
subcutaneous injection, 10 to 30 Cc. (150 to 450 
mins.). A. vaccine, dead pneumonia bacilli: pre¬ 
pared so as to inject 25 to 500 million organisms 
at a dose and used in empyema, delayed resolu¬ 
tion in pneumonia, etc. Opsonic index. 
an-ti-pneu-mon'ic. Antipneumococcic serum. 
an.’ti-pneu-mo-tox'in. An antitoxin hostile to pneu¬ 
motoxin, produced in the body after inoculation 
with pneumotoxin, 
an-ti-po-dag'ric.* Curative of gout, 
an-tip'o-dal. Situated opposite, as the A. cells of 
the embryo. 


an-ti-poi'son. i. A poison used as an antidote to a 
poison; a counter^poison. 2. Any antidote, 
an-ti-prax'i a, an-ti-prax'is. i. The differing in 
action of drugs according to their dose. 2. 
Contrariety of symptoms or functions in the 
same patient. 

an-ti-pre-cip'i-tin. [ J. A. M. A. j. ’05.] 
antiprosta'tae glan'dulas. i. The antiprostate glands. 

2. A name for Cowper’s glands, 
an-ti-pros'tate. i. An accessory gland in front oi 
the prostate, between it and Cowper’s glands. 
2. = Cowper’s gland, fan'ti-pros-ta-ti'tis. 
an-ti-pro'te id. A substance found in peptonized 
fibrin. 

an-ti-pru-rit'ic. Curative of itching. [< again.st 
+ L. pruri'ius intense itching.] 
an-tip-sor'ic. Curative of the itch. [ < dvri against 
-f ^upa itch.] 

an*ti-pu-tre-fac'tive, an‘ti-pu-tres'cent, an-ti-pu'- 
trid. Preventing putrefaction; antiseptic, 
an-ti-py'ic. Preventing or tending to prevent sup¬ 
puration. [ < dvTi against + ttvov pus.] 
an'ti-py-o-gen'ic. Preventing or hindering the 
production of pus. 

an-ti-py'o-nin. Equal portions of fused boric acid 
and borax: used as an insufflation powder in 
otitis, inflammatory eye diseases, etc. 
an-ti-py-re'sis. The reduction of fever by the use 
of antipyretics. [< dpr/against -f-Trwperdf fever.] 
fan-ti-py-ret'ic. i. Curative of fevers; anti¬ 
febrile; febrifuge. 2. A medicine which reduces 
the temperature in fever. The number of such 
drugs, chiefly of coabtar origin, is legion. Ex¬ 
amples, ANTIPYRINE and ACETANILIDE. 

Febrifuc^. 

an-ti-py-ri'na*, an-ti-py'rine. A colorless, almost 
odorless, crystalline powder or tabular crystals, 
with a slightly bitter taste, prepared by the con¬ 
densation of phenylhydrazine with aceto*acetic 
ether with the subsequent methylation of the 
product, and having the chemical formula 
C3HN20(CH3)2 .CrH 5; phenyl dimethylpyrazolon; 
oxydimethylquinizine; pyrazine; pyrazoline; sed- 
atine; phenazone; dimethyloxyquinizine; anal- 
gesine; anodynine; phenylene; antipyreticum. 
Antipyrine was introduced as a proprietary article 
by Knorr, of Munich, Germany, as an antipyretic 
and analgesic, and was administered in too large 
doses in the early days. It is employed as an 
anodyne in such conditions as locomotor ataxia, 
lumbago, and headache; as a haemostatic in epi- 
staxis; by injection as an analgesic in neuralgia, 
rheumatism, etc.; and in various other diseases 
for diverse conditions, as in pertussis, epilepsy, 
hay fever, chorea, nocturnal emissions, etc. It 
is incompatible with many substances, as sweet 
spirits of nitre, camphor, benzoic acid, tannin, 
amyl nitrite, calomel, and urethane, and enters 
into combination to form a large number of new 
proprietary and other compounds, such as iodo- 

PYRINE, PHENOPYRINE, QUINOPYRINE, RESALGIN, 
SALiPYRiNE, suLPHOPYRiNE, and TUssoL. Ferric 
chloride colors antipyrine in solution a deep red. 
Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). 

an-ti-pyri-no-ma'ni a. A form of mania due to 
the continued use of antipyrine. 
an-ti-py-rot'ic. Curative of burns or of pyrosis. 
an-ti-rab'ic. Curing or preventing rabies, 
an-ti-rha-chit'ic. Corrective of rickets, 
an-ti-rheu-mat'ic. Useful against rheumatism. A. 
paper, paper impregnated with various sub¬ 
stances for use in gout and rheumatism. 


ANTIRHEUMOL 


69 


ANTITHORA 


an-ti-rheu'mol. A solution of glycerylsalicylic acid 
ester; antirheumatic and antineuralgic. 
an-ti-ri'cin. A protective substance formed by 
repeated injections of ricin, as into the eye. 
an-ti-rob'i-nin. An antitoxic substance formed 
when ROBiNiN is introduced into the body, 
an-tir-rhe'o-scope. An instrument of revolving cyl¬ 
inders which induces visual vertigo. 

Antirrhi'num. A genus of plants, including A. 
auricula'turn, A. elati'na, A, hedera'ceum, A. 
lina'ria, and A. vulga'ris. 
an-ti-sar-com'a-tous serum. = Coley’s fluid. 
an-ti-sca'bi ous. Curative of the itch, Scabies. 
an-ti-scar-la-ti'nal serum. A serum from horses 
immunized with cultures of living Strep*ococ'ci; 
Moser’s serum. i^VoN Leyden’s serum. 
an-ti-scir'rhous. = Anticancerous. 
an-ti-scle-ro'sin. A proprietary compoimd for in¬ 
ternal and rectal administration in sclerosis, 
possessing the strength of the mineral salts 
found in the blood; one tablet corresponds 
to 75 Cc. (2^ fl. ozs.) of bloodsserum. 
an-ti-scol'ic, an-ti-sco-let'ic. Against worms; capa¬ 
ble of expelling worms; vermifuge; anthelmintic, 
an-ti-scor-bu'tic. Corrective of scorbutus or scurvy, 
as a remedy. 

an-ti-scrof'u-lous. Curative of scrofula, 
an-ti-sep'sin. A crystalline substance, CgH^BrNH- 
(C2H3O), possessing antiseptic, analgesic, and 
antipyretic properties; asepsin; monobromoace- 
tanilide; parabromacetanilide; it may cause cy¬ 
anosis. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.), 
an-ti-sep'sis. The use of antiseptic measures or 
remedies, as Intestinal a., where antiseptics are 
employed with the object of modifying the bac¬ 
terial flora of the gastro=intestinal tract, Lis- 
TERISM. [< avTi against -|- (jf/ifng putrefaction.] 
an-ti-sep'tic. i. Preventing sepsis or putrefaction; 
antifermentative; antizymotic. Disinfective. 
2. A substance which prevents or retards the 
growth of organisms, especially of the septic 
variety, thus hindering putrefaction (that is, the 
decomposition of animal or vegetable bodies with 
evolution of offensive odors), but does not of 
necessity destroy their vitality, Germicide. 
Among the principal antiseptics are alcohol, aris- 
tol, benzoic acid, benzole, betanaphthol, binio- 
dide of mercury, borax, boric acid, carbolic acid, 
charcoal, chlorine, common salt, copperas (FeSO^), 
corrosive sublimate, creolin, creosote, double cya¬ 
nide of mercury and zinc, glycerin, formaldehyde, 
iodoform, lysol, methyl violet, nitre, peroxide of 
hydrogen, potassium permanganate, salicylic acid, 
sugar, sulphurous acid and sulphites, tannic acid, 
thymol, toluene, vinegar, zinc chloride, and zinc 
phenolsulphonate. Disinfectant. A. dres¬ 
sing, a dressing containing antiseptics. A. surgery, 
surgery with proper antiseptic precautions, 
Asepsis; listerism. A. suture, one made with 
material which has been rendered antiseptic. 
A. vinegar = ACETUM aromaticum. A. wool, 
cleaned wool, impregnated with some antiseptic 
substance, f an-ti-sep'ti-cism; an-ti-sep-tic'ity. 
an-ti-sep'ti-cize. 

an-ti-sep'tin. An antiseptic mixture containing 
zinc iodide and sulphate, boric acid, and thymol. 

an-ti-sep'tol. Cinchonine iodosulphate; substitute 
for iodoform, containing 50% of iodine. 

an-ti-se'rum. A serum containing an antibody. 

an-ti-si-al'a-gogue, an-ti-si-al'ic. i. Preventing 
salivation; checking the secretion of saliva. 2. 
An agent that checks the secretion of saliva. 


an-ti-si-der'ic. Incompatible with, or acting in 
opposition to, iron; said of remedies. [<. dvri 
against + a'ldr/pog iron.] 

an-tis'pa-sis. The drawing away of fluids from one 
part of the body to another. [< dvri against -f 
airdv to draw.] 

an-ti-spas'min. The trade^name for a combination 
of narceinessodium with sodium salicylate and 
containing 50% of pure narceine, 
an-ti-spas-mod'ic. i. Allaying spasmodic pains. 
2. A medicine which prevents or allays spasms, 
as asafoetida, hops, cimicifuga, valerian, castor, 
musk, sumbul, camphor, or ammonia. [< dvri 
against + GTracfidg a spasm.] 
an-ti-spas'tic. i. Causing a revulsion of fluids. 2. 
= Antispasmodic. [<i dvri against + GTrdv to 
, draw.] 

anffi-sper-mo-tox'in. A substance antagonistic to 

spermATOTOXIN. 

an*ti-spi-ro-chet'ic. Opposed to Spirochce'tce. 
an-ti-sple-net'ic. Useful in diseases of the spleen, 
an’ti-staph-y-lo-coc'cic (an‘ti-staph-y-lo-coc'cus) se¬ 
rum. A serum from animals treated with cul¬ 
tures of Micrococ'cus (Staphylococ'cus) pyog'enes: 
it immunizes rabbits against 5 to 7 times the lethal 
dose of the Staphylococ'cus. A. vaccine, killed 
cultures of the Staphylococ'cus prepared for 
injection, Opsonic index. 
an'ti-staph-y-lol'y-sin. A substance antagonistic 

to STAPHYLOLYSIN. 

an’ti-strep-to-coc'cic (an’ti-strep-to-coc'cus) serum. 

I. A polyvalent, antibacterial serum destroying 
Streptococ'ci hy pTodncing phagocytosis; used in 
scarlet fever, diphtheria, rheumatism, septicae¬ 
mia, endocarditis, and puerperal fever. It has a 
slight agglutinative but no bacteriolytic action. 
^Antiscarlatinal serum; Marmorek’s se¬ 
rum. 2. A serum against druse; prepared from 
horses immunized with Streptococ'cus e'qui. 
an’ti-strep-to-coc'cin. The antitoxin from Strep- 
tococ'ci. 

an-ti-stru'mous. Good against strumous or scrofu¬ 
lous diseases. 

an-ti-su'do-ral, an-ti-su-do-rif'ic. Checking perspi¬ 
ration. 

an'ti-syph-i-lit'ic. Curative of syphilis, 
an'ti-ta-bet'ic. Useful in locomotor ataxia. 
an‘ti-te-tan'ic. Useful in tetanus. A. serum, a 
blood sserum from horses immunized with the 
Bacil'lus tet'ani: injected near the place of injury 
as soon as possible after the appearance of 
tetanic symptoms. 

an-ti-te-tra'i-zin. A derivative of quinine, 
an-tith'e-nar. Opposite the palm or the sole; ap¬ 
plied to the adductors of the thumb or of the 
great toe. A. eminence, the border of the palm of 
the hand on the side opposite the thumb; hypoth- 
enar eminence. [ < dvri against -f devap hollow 
of the hand or foot.] 

an-ti-ther'mic. i. Refrigerant; antipyretic. 2. A 
medicine which tends to lower the temperature. 
A. shield, in surgery, a covering of the cautery to 
protect the adjacent tissues, 
an-ti-ther'min. A crystalline substance, C^jHjNoH, 
obtained by precipitation with levulinic acid 
from solution of phenylhydrazin in acetic acid; 
phenylhydrazinlevulinic acid. It is antipyretic, 
but requires great caution, as it is apt to cause 
vasomotor depression. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). 
an-ti-ther'mo-lin. A proprietary preparation said 
to resemble kaolinum*. 
an-tith'o-ra. A European species of aconite. 


ANTITHYROID SERUM 


70 


ANTRUM 


an-ti-thy'roid serum, i. == Antithyroidin. 2. A 
serum prepared by the rapid introduction of an 
emulsion of the thyroid gland into an animal: 
the serum when injected is capable of inducing 
other changes in the body, 
an-ti-thy-roi'din. A serum prepared from sheep 
after the removal of their thyroid glands, and 
preserved by 0.5% carbolic acid: used in exoph¬ 
thalmic goitre. Dose, 0.5 to i Cc. (8 to 15 mins.), 
an-ti-ton'ic. Reducing the tonicity of the organs 
and tissues of the body. 

an-ti-tox'ic. Counteracting poisons; overcoming 
toxic influences. A. immunity, immunity caused 
by the protective action of injected antitoxin. 
A. immunity unit, an amount of serum, contain¬ 
ing antitoxin, which will completely neutralize 
the effect of 100 lethal doses of toxin in a guinea* 
pig weighing 250 grammes; serum unit; immu¬ 
nizing unit. A. serum, one that acts on the 
bacterial toxins but is not in itself bactericidal. 
[< avri againstpoison.] 
an-ti-tox'in. A protective substance developed in 
the body counteracting and neutralizing infective 
agents (toxins) which are generated there. Anti¬ 
toxins are used in the treatment of certain infec¬ 
tious diseases or to produce immunity against 
these diseases. ^Antigen ; artificial a. ; Dun¬ 
bar’s A.; Ehrlich’s lateral*chain theory; 
NORMAL A. ; serum ; TETANUS A.; VACCINE. Diph¬ 
theria a. = SERUM ANTIDIPHTHERICUM*. A. 
treatment, the treatment of bacterial infective 
diseases with antitoxic serum. A. unit = anti¬ 
toxic IMMUNITY UNIT. 

an-ti-trag'i-cus. An intrinsic muscle of the pinna, 
arising from the antitragus and passing to the 
caudate process. [L.] 

an-tit'ra-gus. The thicker part of the antihelix of 
the ear, opposite the tragus, t^^ii-h-trag'ic. 
an-ti-tris'mus. Spasm of the muscles of the mouth, 
occurring when the mouth is open, and prevent¬ 
ing its closure. [< avri against -I-Trismus.] 
an'ti-trope. i. Any organ set over against another 
to form a symmetrical pair: thus the right eye is 
the antitrope of the left. 2. A name for anti¬ 
body. [< avTL against -f- rptweiv to turn.] 
an-ti-tro'pin. = Antibody. 

an-ti-tryp'sin. A serum destructive to the trypsin 
ferment, fan-ti-tryp'sic; an-ti-tryp'tic, as A. index. 
an*ti-tu-ber-cu-lot'ic. Useful against tuberculosis, 
an-ti-tu-ber'cu-lous serum, Tuberculin. 
an-ti-tu'lase. An immunizing serum for tubercu¬ 
losis: obtained from animals, 
an-ti-tus'sin. A disinfectant ointment of 5% 
difluor*diphenyl,(CgHjF)2: also used in whooping* 
cough. 

an-ti-ty'phoid serum. A serum from horses into 
which have been injected cultures of typhoid 
bacilli grown on a medium of horse=marrow and 
milk: hypodermics of 10 Cc. (150 mins.) are 
given once during the first two weeks of the 
disease. A. vaccine of Wright, a prophylactic 
against typhoid,prepared from Bacil'lus typho'sus. 
an-ti-typ'i-cal. i. Not conforming to a type. 2. 

= Antipyretic, f^n'ti-type. 
an-ti-u-rat'ic. Resisting the deposition of urates. 
an-ti-uTe ase. A substance antagonistic to urease, 
an’ti-vac-ci-na'tion-ist. One who is opposed to 
vaccination. t^ii"ti-vac-ci-na'tion. 
an-ti-va-ri'o-lous. Good against smallpox, or pre¬ 
venting its contagion. 

an-ti-ven'ene, an-ti-ven'in. = Antivenomous 

SERUM 


an-ti-ve-ne're al. i. Curative of venereal disease. 

2. Allaying venereal desire, 
an-ti-ven'o-mous serum. A polyvalent blood*seriun 
from horses and asses immunized to snake venom; 
Calmette’s serum; antivenene: has been used 
successfully in man and animals against the bite 
of cobra di capello, the mountain adder, the 
rattlesnake, the sting of scorpions, etc. Dose, 
20 Cc. (300 mins.) subcutaneously for adults, 
an-ti-ver'mi-nous. = Anthelmintic. 
an'ti-viv-i-sec'tion-ist. One who is opposed to ex¬ 
perimentation on living animals. f^J^’ti-viv-i- 
sec'tion. 

an-ti-zym'ic. Preventive of fermentation. [ < avri 
against + Cvpovv to ferment.] 
an-ti-zy-mot'ic. Good against a zymotic disease, 
ant'jar. rs- Bohun upas. 

ant'lia gas'trica. A stomach*pump. A. lac'tea or 
mamma'ria, a dpvice for drawing milk from the 
breast; a milkspump; a breast*pump. [ L.] 
ant-o-don-tal'gic, andi-o-don-tal'gic. Curing tooth¬ 
ache. [< dvTi against -f- bdovralyia toothache.] 
Anto'ni ign'is sanc'ti. = Erysipelas. 
ant-oph-thal'mic. Relieving or curing ophthalmia, 
ant-or'bi-tal. Situated in front of the orbit, 
ant-or-gas'tic. = Antiorgastic. 
ant-ox*y-pro-te'ic acid. An organic acid containing 
nitrogen and sulphur: isolated from urine, 
ant-o-zae'nic. Good against ozaena. 
an-to'zone. Hydrogen peroxide or its vapor. It 
was formerly believed to be a form of oxygen, 
ant'o-zos-to-mat'ic. Tending to correct foul breath. 

[< dvTi against -T smell + ardpa mouth.] 
an'tra-cele, an'tro-cele. An accumulation of fluid 
in the maxillary sinus. [ < dvTpov cavity -f KrjArj 
tumor.] 

an-trec'to-my. Excision of the walls of the antrum 
mastoideum. [< avrpov cavity-f- kKTopij excision.] 
an-tri'tis. Inflammation of any cavity of the body, 
especially of the antrum highmorianum. [ < 
avTpov cave or cavity.] 

an'tro-. Pertaining to an antrum: a combining 
form. [< avrpov cave or cavity.] androsat-ti- 
cot'o-my, the surgical opening of the antrum and 
the labyrinthian attic. — an'tro-cele = antra- 
cele. — an-tro-na'sal, pertaining to the antrum 
of Highmore and the nose.— an'tro-phor, a med¬ 
icated bougie for use in sinuses or passages.— 
an'tro-phose, a subjective sensation arising in the 
eye.— an'tro-scope, an instrument for the exam¬ 
ination of the upper jaw, especially the an¬ 
trum of Highmore, f^i^-tros'co-py.— an-trot'o- 
my, the surgical opening of the antrum, fan'tro- 
tome. — andro-tym-pan'ic, pertaining both to the 
antrum and to the tympanic canal. fandro- 
tym-pa-ni'tis, inflammation of the antrum mas¬ 
toideum and the tympanum; otitis media, 
an-tro-ver'sion. = Anteversion. 
an'trum, pi. an'ira. A cavity: applied especially 
to one in the upper maxillary bone, termed an¬ 
trum highmorianum. A. buccino'sum, the trum- 
pet*like cavity or cochlea of the ear. A. follic'- 
uli, a cavity in the graafian follicle filled wdth 
fluid and situated between the discus proligerus 
and the membrana granulosa. A. denta'le, the 
pulp*cavity of a tooth. A. ethmoida'le or Eth¬ 
moid a. = ETHMOIDAL SINUS. A. ge'nae, A. of 
Highmore, or A. highmoria'num = maxillary 
SINUS. A. of the mastoid or A. mastoi'deum, a 
cavity in the horizontal portion of the mastoid 
process of the temporal bone. The petromas- 
toid canal connects it with the attic of the 


ANTS 


71 


APANTHROPIA 


tympanum. A. maxiTlae or maxilla're = maxil¬ 
lary SINUS. A. pylor'icum* or pylo'ri, a slightly 
dilated portion of the stomach, situated between 
the pyloric orifice and the transverse bands of 
circular fibres lo cm. (4 in.) distant. [< avrpov 
cave.] -fan'tTal, as A. artery, a branch from the 
posterior dental, supplying the antrum of High- 
more. 

ants. i®-Spiritus acidi formici. 
an'ty-ase. An immunizant against typhoid fever : 
prepared from certain bacteria. Dose of dry 
powder, 0.002 Gm. gr-)- 
An-tylTussKuhnt’s operation. An operation for 
ectropion. A triangular piece is cut out, the 
base of which lies at the border of the lid and 
includes only the conjunctiva and tarsus of 
the lid. 

An-tylTus’s method or operation. A method of 
3rd cent. B. C. of treating aneurism by opening 
the sac and ligating the artery on both sides of it. 
a-nu'ri a, an-u-re'sis, an'u-ry. Suppression or de¬ 
fective secretion of urine. i^Dysuria; ischuria; 
oliguria ; STRANGURIA. [<av priv. +ovpov urine.] 
t an-u-ret'ic; a-nu'ric ; a-nu'rous. anm-ro- 
crin'i a, suppression of the urinary secretion, 
an’u-ror-rhoe'a, deficiency of the urinary flow, 
a'nus. The extremity of the rectum; the funda¬ 
ment. Artificial a.; atresia ani; imper¬ 
forate A.; PRETERNATURAL A. A. Of RuSCO'ni = 
blastopore, a. vestibula'ris, that condition in 
which the anus opens into the vaginal vestibule; 
anus ileovaginalis; atresia anovaginalis. [L.] 
an'u-sol. lodoresorcinsulphonate of bismuth: used 
in anal, rectal, and vaginal affections, 
an'vil. The incus. 

anxi'etas tibia'rum. Painful restlessness due to 
increase of the muscular sense and marked by 
continual change in the position of the limbs, 
an-xi'e-ty. A settled expression of apprehension in 
the features, forming a dangerous symptom in 
certain acute diseases. A. neurosis, a neurosis 
due to or characterized by worry or fears. [ < L. 
anxi'etas, fr. anx'ius anxious.] 
an-y-drae'mi a. =Anhydr^mia. 
a-nyp'nia. =Ahypnia. 
an-ys-te'ri a. = Anhysteria. 

a-och-le'si a. i. A remission of symptoms. 2. 
Catalepsy. 

a-o-ra'si a. Blindness. [<a priv. + opdv to see.] 
a-or'ta. The larger arterial trunk arising from the 
left ventricle of the heart, and indirectly giving 
origin to every artery except the pulmonary and 
its ramifications. It consists of an arch, a thoracic 
portion, and an abdominal portion, Cardiac 
A., PRIMITIVE A. Abdominal a., that part of the 
descending aorta which lies in the abdominal 
cavity; aorta abdominis*. Arch of the a., ^ arch. 
Ascending a., the first part of the arch of the a.; 
ventral aorta; aorta ascendens*. Descending a., 
that part of the aorta extending along the verte¬ 
bral column and including the thoracic and ab¬ 
dominal portions; dorsal aorta; aorta descendens*. 
Thoracic a., that part of the aorta which lies 
within the thoracic cavity; aorta thoracalis*. 
[ < doprr/, fr. aeipeiv to raise up, to support, as 
it is supported or suspended from the heart.] 
a-or'ta-no-mot'ro-phy. Abnormality in the nutri¬ 
tion of the aortal tissues. [ < aoprij aorta 4 - 
dvopLOQ irregular -f rpoij)'^ nutrition.] 
a-or-tarc'ti a. A narrowing of the lumen of the 
aorta. [< aoprij aorta + L. arcta're to constrict.] 
a-or-teu-ris'ma, -rys'ma. Aneurism of the aorta. 


a-or'tic, a-or'tal. Belonging to the aorta. A. 
aneurism, aneurism of any portion of the aorta. 
A. aperture = A. orifice. ’A. arch. i. =Arch 
OF THE AORTA. 2. One of the series of five aortic 
bows which occupy the visceral arches of the 
embryo. A. area, an area in the chest over the 
inner end of the second costal cartilage. It is 
the point at which sounds of the aortic valves 
are best heard. A. bulb = bulb of the aorta. 
A. cartilage, the second costal cartilage of the 
right side. It marks the point where sounds of 
the aortic valves may best be heard. A. com¬ 
pressor, an apparatus for compressing the aorta 
for the cure of aneurism, or to check the flow of 
blood to the femoral artery in cases of amputa¬ 
tion at the hip. A. foramen = aortic ^ ening. 
A. incompetence, insufldciency = incompetence 
OF the valves, a. intercostal arteries, inter¬ 
costal arteries, a. isthmus, a constriction of 
the descending portion of the arch of the aorta 
just below the point of junction of the ductus 
arteriosus; isthmus aortae*. A. murmur, a murmur 
indicating disease of the aortic valves. A. notch 
= DICROTIC notch. A. Opening, i. The hind¬ 
most of the three openings of the diaphragm; 
foramen aorticum; hiatus aorticus*. It gives 
passage to the aorta, thoracic duct, greater azy¬ 
gos vein, and sometimes the left sympathetic 
nerve. 2. The passage between the aorta and 
the left ventricle. A. orifice, the opening or 
communication between the aorta and the left 
ventricle of the heart. A. plexus, i. The plexus 
of sympathetic nerves surrounding the abdomi¬ 
nal aorta; plexus aorticus abdominalis*. 2. A plexus 
of sympathetic nerves along the thoracic aorta; 
plexus aorticus thoracalis*. A. reflex, contraction 
or dilatation of the aorta evoked by cutaneous 
irritation over the aortic area or epigastrium. A. 
regurgitation, regurgitation of blood past an aortic 
valve affected with incompetence. A. segment, the 
anterior segment of the mitral valve. A. sinuses 
= Valsalva’s sinuses. A. spindle, a spindle* 
shaped dilatation of the descending aorta just be¬ 
low the aortic isthmus. A. stenosis = aortoste- 
Nosis. A. thrill, a thrill heard over the aortic 
orifice in disease of the valves. A. trunk = trun- 
cus arteriosus, a. valves, three semilunar valves 
guarding the opening between the aorta and the 
left ventricle. A. ventricle, the left ventricle of 
the heart, so called because the aorta rises from 
it. A. vestibule = vestibule of the aorta. 
a-or-ti'tis. Inflammation of the aorta. It may be 
hereditary or due to syphilis, adrenalin, etc. , 
a-or'to-, a-or'ti-co-. Relating to the aorta: a com¬ 
bining form. [< Aorta.] a-or-ti-co-re'nal, re¬ 
lating to the aorta and the kidney: said of a gan¬ 
glion.— a-or-to-cla'si a, rupture of the aorta.— 
a-or'to-lith, a calcareous concretion in the aorta, 
f a-or-to-lith'i a.— a-or’to-ma-la'ci a, morbid soft¬ 
ening of the aorta.— a-or*to-ste-no'sis, contrac¬ 
tion of the aorta or of the aortic orifice, 
ap-a-con'i-tine. A poisonous alkaloid, Cg-jH^jNOjj, 
obtained by the decomposition or dehydration of 
aconitine. 

ap-al'la-gin. The antiseptic mercury salt of Noso- 
phen. 

ap-an'dri a. Morbid antagonism to or dislike of 
the male sex. [ < and from +dvi/p man.] 
ap-an-thro'pi a, ap-an'thro-py. i. A morbid dread 
of human companionship: sometimes a symptom 
of approaching melancholia. 2. = Apandria. 
[<a7r(5 from + dvdpoTzog man.] fap-an-throp'ic. 


APARTHROSIS 


72 


APHASIA 


ftp-ar-thro'sis. i. Dislocation of a joint. 2. = 
Diarthrosis. [ < arro from + apdpov joint.] 
ap'a-thy. Absence or privation of all passion, emo¬ 
tion, or excitement. [ < a priv. + Ttddog feeling.] 
fap-a-thet'ic. 

ap-at'ro-pine. An alkaloid, Ci7H2iNO^, produced by 
the action of nitric acid on atropine, 
a-pec-to-ceph'a-lus. A monster without thorax 
or head. [ L., fr. a neg. -f pec'tus breast -f- 
• head.] 

ape fissure, i. The backward extension of the occip¬ 
ital fissure when that fissure is more than usually 
deep. 2. =Exoccipital fissure. 
ape'shand. A hand in which the thumb is fixed in an 
extended position at right angles with the hand. 
a-pel'lo’>s. I. Skinless. 2. Lacking a prepuce. [< 
L. a neg. + pel'Us skin.] one whose 

prepuce does not cover the glans penis, 
a-pen'ta. An aperient bottled water from Hungary, 
a-pep'si a. Imperfect digestion; chronic dyspepsia. 
A. nervo'sa = ANOREXIA nervosa. [< a priv. 4 - 
TraTTTeiv to digest.] fa-pep'tic. 
ape'riens palpebraTum rec'tus. = Levator pal- 

PEBRAS SUPERIORIS. 

a-pe'ri ent. i. Opening: applied to a medicine 
which gently opens the bowels. 2. A gently pur¬ 
gative medicine. Among aperients are fruits 
generally, honey, magnesia, and olive oil. A. 
roots, five greater, asparagus, butcher’s broom, 
fennel, parsley, and smallache roots. A. roots, 
five lesser, caper, dandelion, eryngo, madder, and 
restharrow roots. A. salt of Frederick, sodium 
sulphate. [< L. ape'riens, fr. aperi're to open.] 
a-perfi-nous. Having no scrotum; castrated. [ < 
a priv. + 7r?7p/v scrotum.] 
a-pe-ri-od'ic. Not characterized by periodicity, 
a-per-i-stal'sis. Cessation or absence of peristaltic 
movement. 

a-per'i-tive. Aperient; deobstruent, 
a-pe-rit'ro-pal. Undergoing abnormal evolution. 

[< a priv.-f TTepLTpoTvp revolution.] 
a-per'tion. The operation of making an opening. 
[< L. aper'tio opening.] 

a-per-tom'e-ter. An apparatus for determining the 
angle of aperture of microscopic objectives: that 
of Abbe is the best known. 



a-per'tor. The levator palpebrae superioris; other¬ 
wise, the apertor oculi, “opener of the eye.” 
a-per-tu'ra. An opening or aperture. A. pel'vis 
[mino'ris] infe'rior*= PELVIC outlet. A. pel'vis 
[mino'ris] supe'rior*= pelvic inlet. A. pyrifor'- 

mis*= PYRIFORM APERTURE. [ L.] 
ap'er-ture. An opening. 1®- Numerical a. A. of 
the larynx, the triangular opening leading into the 
larynx, bounded in front by the epiglottis, behind 
by the arytenoid notch, and on the sides by the 
aryteno=epiglottidean folds; opening of the glot¬ 


tis. A. of a lens = angle of aperture. A. of 
the thorax, the superior opening of the thoracic 
cavity, bounded in front by the sternum, behind 
by the first thoracic vertebra, and laterally by 
the first pair of ribs. [ < L. aperi're to open.] 

a'pex, pi. ap'ices. The point or extremity of a 
cone: hence applied to parts of the body supposed 
to resemble a cone, as the A. of the heart, of 
the lung, of the tongue, etc. A. beat, the beat of 
the apex of the left ventricle of the heart against 
the chest wall: normally in the fifth left inter¬ 
costal space; about one inch to the sternal side of 
the nipple line. A. coch'leae, the apex or point of 
the cochlea of the ear. A. cor'dis*, the apex of the 
blunted and flattened conoid mass composing 
the heart. A. murmur, a murmur occurring over 
the apex of the heart. A*, of the orbit, the apex 
of the pyramidal cavity of the orbit, corresponding 
to the position of the optic foramen. A. process 
= APICAL PROCESS. A. pulmo'nis*, “apex of the 
lung,” the upper extremity of the lung. 

a-pha'ci a, a-pha'ld a. Absence of the crystalline 
lens. [< a priv. -f (paKdglens.] fa-pha'cic, -cous, 
-kic, -kous. 

a-phaer'e-sis, a-pher'e-sis. That branch of surgery 
whose business it is to cut off or remove any por¬ 
tion of the body. [< and from + alpeiv to take.] 

a-pha'gia. Literally, “inability to eat,” but de¬ 
noting especially inability to swallow. [ < a priv. 
+ <payelv to eat.] t^-phag'ic. i. Characterized 
by aphagia. 2. Not eating; not corroding. 

a-phal-an-gi'a-sis. Loss of fingers and toes, as 
seen in leprosy. [ < a priv. -f ^d/lay^ phalanx.] 

Aphanocap'ta, -cap'sa. A genus of glaeogenous 
schizomycetes, or protophytes, closely related to 
Bacte'rium and Micrococ'cus, but having phyco- 
chrome in the cells. [ < a^avrjq invisible -f Kaipa 
envelope.] 

a-phan-oc-ni-do'sis. Nettle-rash alternately recur¬ 
ring and vanishing. [ < a^avpg obscure -i- Kvido)- 
uig sensation of stinging.] 

Aphanothe'ce. A genus of schizomycetes, differing 
from Bacte'rium in having phycochrome, and 
from Aphanocap'ta in having cylindrical instead 
of spherical cells. [ < CKpav^g invisible -I- O^ktj 
receptacle.] 

a-pha'si-a. Defective expression or comprehension 
of either verbal or written language on account 
of some lesion, almost invariably organic, in the 
cerebral speech-centres or their connecting tracts. 
^Agraphia ; alalia ; alexia ; amimia ; amnesia ; 
amusia; aphonia; aphrasia; aphthongia ; dys¬ 
phasia ; echolalia. Amnesic a., amnesia. Asso¬ 
ciated a., commissural aphasia. Ataxic a., motor 
APHASIA. Auditory a., sensory aphasia with word- 
deafness from a lesion in the first temporal convo¬ 
lution. Broca’sa., motor APHASIA. Combined a., a 
combination of two or more primary aphasias. 
Commissural, conduction or connecting a., apha¬ 
sia from lesion of a tract between speech-centres 
especially in the island of Reil between the audi¬ 
tory and motor centres, resulting in confused ex¬ 
pression. Cortical a., primary aphasia. Diffuse 
a., indefinite aphasia. Functional a., a tempo¬ 
rary form without organic lesion, as in hysteria. 
Gibberish a., aphasia in which the patient uses 
words in a senseless and unconnected fash¬ 
ion; paraphasia. Graphomotor a., ^agraphia. 
Grashey’s a., aphasia marked by disturbances of 
perception and association as a result of decreased 
duration of sensory impressions, the functions 
of the centres and conductivity of the tracts 



APHEM^STHESIA 


73 


APLASIA 


remaining unimpaired: seen in concussion of the 
brain and in acute diseases. Indefinite a., any 
form inexplicable by any definite lesion, as many 
of the functional aphasias. Kussmaul’s a., vol¬ 
untary speechlessness, resembling aphasia, as in 
the insane, especially paranoiacs, affected with 
mystic ideas. Mixed a., total aphasia. Motor a., 
the inability to put one’s concepts or ideas into 
words, either oral (aphemia) or written (agra¬ 
phia) , especially the former, on account of lesion 
of Broca’s convolution. Optic a., inability to 
give names to objects seen, resulting from discon¬ 
nection between the centres of speech and vis¬ 
ion. Primary a., aphasia from lesion of a single 
speechscentre, as that for auditory word^percep- 
tion. Puerperal a., aphasia occurring during 
pregnancy. A. of recollection, aphasia in which 
the patient is unable to name correctly objects 
shown to him. It is a variety of amnesic apha¬ 
sia. Secondary a., commissural aphasia. Sen¬ 
sory a., the form of aphasia in which the percep¬ 
tion of words does not call up their significance: 
it includes auditory and visual aphasia. Sub¬ 
cortical a., aphasia due to a lesion in a tract pe¬ 
ripheral to the speechscentres. Total a., complete 
sensory and motor aphasia. Transcortical a., 
aphasia due to a lesion in a tract between the 
speech=centres and other cortical centres. Vis¬ 
ual a., inability to understand written words, 
due to lesion of the angular gyrus. Wernicke’s 
a., cortical sensory aphasia. [ < dcpaaia, fr. a priv. 
-f- (pdvai to speak.] fa-pha'siac, a-pha'sic. 
Aphelen'chus olesis'tus. A plant: purgative, 
a-phe-maes-the'si a. Word*blindness; word^deaf- 
ness. [< « priv.(l>dvai to speak-|- ^sthesia.] 
a-phe'mi a. c^Aphasi.^, motor. [<« priv. + (pdvai 
to speak.] fa-phe'mic. 

aph-e-pho'bi a. Morbid sensibility to being touched, 
a-pher'e-sis. =Aph^resis. 

aph'e-ter. A hypothetical substance, supposed to 
give to the inogen of a muscle the stimulus caus¬ 
ing its disintegration and the resulting muscular 
contraction. [ < diperr/p a sender or starter.] 
aph-i-lan'thro-py. Morbid antipathy to society, 
aph-lo-gis'tic. Without flame. [< a priv. + (p?M^ 
flame.] 

a-pho'ni a. Loss of voice; aphony: due to disease 
of the vocal organs, Aphasia; dumbness; 
DYSPHONiA. A. aton'ica, loss of voice the result 
of some injury or lesion of the laryngeal nerves. 
A. clerico'rum, clergymen’s sore throat. A. hys- 
ter'ica, aphonia due to hysteria. A. surdo'rum, 
aphonia in those who were bom deaf or who be¬ 
came deaf before they had learned to talk. [ < a 
priv.-i-<p(vv?/ voice.] t^“Phon'ic, as A. pectoril¬ 
oquy—BACCEhLi’s SIGN. 

a-pho'ri a. Barrenness; sterility; inability to con¬ 
ceive offspring. [ < a priv. -f (pipeiv to bear.] 
faph'o-rous. 

a-phose'. A subjective visual sensation due to ab¬ 
sence or interruption of light, 
a-phra'si a. i. A variety of aphasia in which the 
patient can utter single words but not con¬ 
tinuous phrases or sentences. 2. Absence of 
speech, whether voluntary or involuntary. A. 
parano'ica, the stubborn silence sometimes seen 
in the insane. [ < a priv. -f- (ppdl^eiv to speak.] 
a-phre'ni a. Want or weakness of mind; dementia, 
aph'ro-dine. A proprietary preparation of yohim- 
brine for stud purposes. 

aph-ro-dis'i a, aph-ro-di-si-as'mus. Morbid or im¬ 
moderate desire for venery: sometimes applied 


to the generative act. [<.'AippoS'irr} Venus.] 
faph-ro-dis'i ac. i. Exciting sexual desire. 2. 
A medicine or food supposed to excite sexual de¬ 
sire or to increase the generative power, 
aph'tha, pi. -thee. i. An ulcer of the mouth, be¬ 
ginning with a minute vesicle and terminating in 
a white slough. Aphthae are the characteristic 
symptom of thrush and occur also in other dis¬ 
eases. 2. A disease characterized by the pres¬ 
ence of- aphthae. ^Bednar’s aphtha; Riga’s 
disease (cachectic or Cardarelli's aphthce) ; stom¬ 
atitis. A. contagio'sa or epizobt'ica = FOOT* 
AND*MouTH DISEASE. Aph'thaB scrpen'tes = can- 
CRUM ORIS. Aph'thae trop'icae =: PsiLosis, def. 2. 
[L., fr. drcTziv to set on fire.] 
aph-thenx'i a, aph-thenx'is. Speechlessness from 
injury of the central nervous system. [ < a priv. 
+ (pBkyyeaQai to speak.] 

aph-tho-ca-cos'to-ma. An aphthous and sore state 
of the mouth. [ < d<pda aphtha + /cn/cdf ill -1- 
ardpa mouth.] 

aph'thoid. Resembling aphthae, 
aph-thon'gi a. Inability to speak, due to spasm of 
those muscles which are supplied by the hypo¬ 
glossal nerve. [ < a priv. -f (pddyyog sound.] 
aph'tho-phyte. =OiDiUM albicans. 
aph'thous. Having the appearance of aphthae, or 
full of aphthae. A. fever = foot=and*mouth 
DISEASE. A. stomatitis, ^stomatitis. A. ulitis, 
ULITIS. 

ap'i-cal. Pertaining to an apex, as of a tooth or 
root of a tooth. A. pneumonia, pneumonia af¬ 
fecting the apex of the lung. A. process, a large 
process extending from the apex of the pyramidal 
cells of the cerebral cortex toward the free sur¬ 
face of the cortex. A. space, the space at the end 
of the root of a tooth where the peridental mem¬ 
brane is thickened. 

ap'i-noid. Clean. A. cancer, scirrhus: from its clean 
secretion. [<a priv. p-'Kivoq dirt.] 
ap'i ol. The active principle of parsley^seed; api- 
olum crystallisatum ; parsley ^camphor. Pure 
apiol occurs in white crystals with the composi¬ 
tion having the odor of parsley. Com'- 

mercial apiol (parsleysoil) is the oleoresin of 
PARSLEYsSEED (Green apiol). Apiol has been 
used in amenorrhoea, dysentery, the night ^sweats 
of phthisis, and as a substitute for quinine in in¬ 
termittent fevers. Dose, 0.13 to 0.3 Gm. (2 to 5 
grs.) as an emmenagogue, and in larger doses as 
an antipyretic. 

ap'i-o-line. A proprietary emmenagogue from green 
apiol. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). 

A'pis. The bee. A. mellif'ica (mellif'era). i. The 
honeysbee. ^Mel. 2. A homoeopathic prepa¬ 
ration of beespoison. 

a-pis-i-na'tion. Inoculation with beespoison. 
A'pium. A genus of umbelliferous plants. A. 
grave'olens, the common celery. It is slightly 
aperient and carminative, and has been used as a 
nerve ^stimulant. Dose of fl. ext., 4 to 8 Cc. (i to 
2 fl. drs.). A. petroseli'num, or Petroseli'num sati'- 
vum, the common parsley, the root and seeds of 
which are diuretic and aperient, Apiol. 
a-pla-cen'tal. Lacking a placenta, 
ap-la-nat'ic. Corrective of the aberrations of the 
rays of light. A. objective, a microscopic objective 
which eliminates aberration, both chromatic and 
spherical. [< a priv. -f rr'kavdv to wander.] 
fa-plan'a-tism, absence of spherical aberration, 
a-pla'si a. i. Extreme or complete hypoplasia. 2 
Any defective development of tissues or organs. 


APLESTIA 


74 


APONOIA 


Atrophy. [<a priv. + TrAaffcrciv to form.] 
fa-plas'tic, as A. /;ywp/t = corpuscular lymph: 
and A. ancemia, a very acute, progressive form of 
pernicious anaemia with a pronounced tendency 
to hemorrhages, a low color^index, and aplasia of 
the red bone*marrow. 
a-ples'ti a. = Acoria. 

a-pleu'ri a. An organic deviation characterized by 
the absence of ribs. [ < « priv. -f n'kevpd ribs.] 
a-plot'o-my. = Haplotomy. 
ap-ne'a. =Apncea. 

ap-neu-ma-to'sis. i. Non^expansion of lung^tissue 
in respiration; collapse of lung; atelectasis. It 
may be due to a choking of the bronchial tubules. 
2. The fetal state of the lung. {< a priv. + 
Trvev/Lidruaig distention with air.] |ap-neu-mat'ic, 
as A. treatment, treatment of wounds by means of 
an arrangement for excluding the air. 
ap-neu'mi a. A monstrosity in which the Itmgs are 
wanting. [< a priv. + Twev/auv lung.] 
ap-neu-mo-ner'vi a. Lack of nervespower for ade¬ 
quately performing respiration. [< a priv. 4 - 
TvvevfKov lung + vewpov nerve.] 
ap-neus'ti a. ==Apncea. fap-neus'tous. 
ap-noe'a, ap-ne'a. i. Partial or entire suspension 
of respiration, when due to hyperoxygenation of 
the blood, as after a forced respiration; apneu- 
stia. Athletes may take oxygen before their 
races to put themselves in a state of a. De¬ 
glutition A.; CheynesStokes respiration. 2 . 
= Asphyxia: the word in this sense is wrongly 
used. [<a priv. + TTveiv to breathe.] fap-noe'ic. 
ap'nol. A proprietary anti^asthmatic containing 

PERIPLOCIN. 

ap'o-. From; off; away: a combining form. [< 
and from.] 

ap-osa-con'i-tine. = Apaconitine. 
ap-osat'ro-pine. =Apatropine. 
ap'o-blast. Any outcast cell of the unimpregnated 
ovum. 

ap-o-ble'ma. An abortion; an abortion product, 
ap-o-ca-tas'ta-sis. Thorough recovery of health or 
of normal function. 

ap-o-ca-thar'sis. Purgation; a cleansing, as by 
vomiting or purging, f ap-o-ca- 
thar'tic. 

ap-o-ce-no'sis. Increased discharge, 
flux, or evacuation. t3^P“0“Ce- 
not'ic. 

ap-o-chro-mat'ic. Without color :- 
applied to lenses corrected to a 
high degree for chromatic and 
spherical aberration, and of im¬ 
proved definition, 
ap-o-chro'ma-tism. An improved 
correction for optical defects in 
lenses; achromatism produced 
by Abba’s system of correction, 
ap-o-co'de ine. An alkaloid, Cjg- 
HjgNOo, produced by the action 
of zinc chloride upon codeine, 
which it much resembles in its 
effects. Dose of the hydrochlo¬ 
ride, 0.02 to 0.06 Gm. (J to I gr.). 
a-poc'o-pe. I. An amputation. 2. 

A wound with loss of substance. 

[< cttS a,wa,y + fidTTTEiv to cut.] 
ap-o-crus'tic. Repellent or astring¬ 
ent, as a remedy. [< and away 
-f Kpoieiv to strike.] 

Apoc'ynum*. i. A genus of poisonous plants called 
dogbane 2 The U. S. P. name for the dried 


rhizome of A. cannah'inum or of closely allied 
species. It is emetic and anthydropic. Dose, i 
Gm. (15 grs.). Fluidextractum apocyni*. 
From it are obtained ap-o-cy'ne in, a glucoside 
resembling digitalin in action, and a-poc'y-nin, a 
bitter resinoid principle, given as a tonic, evacu- 
ant, and alterative, in doses of from 0.016 to 0.06 
Gm. Q to I gr.). [< dv:d from -|- kvuv dog.] 

ap-o-da-cryt'ic. i. Restraining the flow of tears. 

2. Causing a flow of tears, 
ap-o-de-mi-al'gi a. A morbid desire to go away 
from home: the opposite of nostalgia. 
a-po'di a. Congenital lack of the feet. [<« priv. 
+ TTOVg foot.] 

ap-o-di-quin'i-dine. = Diquinidine. 
a-pog'a-my. Nonsexual reproduction; partheno¬ 
genesis. 

A-po-lant’s method. Frequent bowing to facilitate 
the emptying of a pulmonary abscess, 
a-po'lar. Having no pole or poles; having no po¬ 
larity; having no processes: said of cells having 
no protoplasmic extensions or processes, 
ap-o-lep'sis. The arrest, suppression, or cessation 
of any function. f^^P'O-lep'tic. 
ap-o-lip'sin. A proprietary coabtar derivative, 
a-pol-li-na'ris. An alkaline table-water from Ger¬ 
many, highly charged with carbonic acid, 
a-pol'y-sine. A phenetidin derivative, differing 
from PHENACETiN in containing a citric acid 
■ radical instead of an acetic acid radical, 
apomorphi'nae hydrochlo'ridum*. Apomorphine 

hydrochloride, CJ7HJ7NO2.HCI; apomorphi'nae hy- 
drochlo'ras (apomorphine hydrochlorate) of the 
1890 U. S. P. It is a grayish-white, crystalline 
powder and is the hydrochloride of an alkaloid 
(ap-o-mor'phine) prepared from morphine by the 
abstraction of one molecule of water. Dose, as 
an emetic, 0.005 (tV expectorant, 

0.002 Gm. gr.). When given hypodermically 
the solution must always he freshly prepared. 
ap-o-mor'phine. Apomorphinae hydrochlori- 
DUM*. A. hydrochloride or hydrochlorate = apo- 

MORPHIN^ HYDROCHLORIDUM*. 

ap-o-my'e-line. A principle, Cs^Hj^gNPOg, from 
brain-tissue. [ < otto from + pveXdg marrow.] 
a-pone'. A proprietary anodyne containing chloral, 
ap-o-neu-ro'sis, pi. aponeuro'ses. A white, fibrous 
membrane formed by the expansion of a tendon 
or tendons; tendinous expansion. Aponeuroses 
serve to enclose and keep in place the muscles 
and other structures of a region (A. of invest¬ 
ment), or to connect muscles and tendons with 
the parts which they move {A. of insertion). 

Fascia. Among the several varieties may be 
mentioned Abdominal, Palmar, Plantar, Sub¬ 
scapular, Supraspinous, and Vertebral. [< 
dird from + vevpov^ tendon.] fap-o-neu-roFo-gy, 
the sum of the scientific knowledge of the 
structure, functions, and diseases of aponeuroses, 
ap-o-neu-ro-si'tis, inflammation of an aponeu¬ 
rosis. ap-o-neu-rot'ic, as A. fascia, the deep 
fascia: a. helmet, the epicranial aponeurosis of 
the muscles of the head: and A. = ten¬ 

sor VAGIN..E FEMORis MUSCLE. ap-o-neu'ro- 
tome, a bistoury for use in cutting aponeuroses, 
ap-o-neu-rot'o-my, the anatomy of aponeuroses; 
surgical division of an aponeurosis, as in sub¬ 
cutaneous cutting of a plantar aponeurosis in 
the operation for club-foot, 
a-po'ni a. A state of freedom from pain, 
a-po-nip'sis. Ablution, 
ap-o-noi'a, ap-o-nce'a. = Amentia 



Microscopic 
Section of 
Apocynum. 



APOPEDASIS 


75 


APPARATUS 


ap-o-pe-da'sis. Dislocation of a bone due to laxity 
or feebleness. [< aKOTzrjdav to slip away.] 
ap-o-phleg'ma-tism, ap-o-phleg-ma'si a. A dis¬ 
charge of mucus or phlegm. [< and from + 
(pXiy/ia phlegm.] fap-o-phleg-ipat'ic, promoting 
the discharge of mucus from the air^passages. 
ap-o-pho-re'sis. i. Removal by amputation or 
other means. 2. Odor; smell; effluvium. [< area 
from + (pdpyaig a bearing.] 
a-poph'y-sis, pi. apoph'yses. A process or protu¬ 
berance of bone; excrescence, is-B asilar a.; 
PROCESS. A. cer'ebri = PITUITARY body. A. 
gra'cilis, the long process of the malleus. A. 
mastoi'dea, the mastoid process of the temporal 
bone. A. of Ingrassias, the lesser wing of the 
sphenoid bone. A. of Rau, the long process of 
the malleus. [< aird from + (pveiv to grow.] 
fap-o-phys'eal, ap-o-phys'i al, as A. point =i 
SPINAL POINT, ap-o-phys'i-a-ry. 
ap-o-pla-ne'sis. The extravasation or metastasis 
of a fluid. [< aTTo away + TvAavdadat to wander.] 
ap-o-plas'mi a. Lack of blood^plasma. 
apoplec'ta ve'na. The internal jugular vein, 
apoplex'ia. Latin for apoplexy. A. hyster'ica, apo¬ 
plectiform disturbances on one side of the 
body after hysterical attacks. A. neonato'rum, 
apoplexy of the newsbom, consisting in hemor¬ 
rhage from the meninges of infants, caused by 
pressure during birth. A. pulmona'ris, pulmo¬ 
nary apoplexy, giving rise to extravasation of 
blood in the lungs from the rupture of vessels, 
ap'o-plex-y. i. A term popularly used to denote 
the symptoms induced by intracranial hemor¬ 
rhage when not due to traumatism. i^Hemi- 
PLEGi.A.. In apoplexy there is usually a sudden 
arrest of sense and motion, the breathing being 
loud and stertorous. Prodromata may occur, as 
fulness of the head, ringing in the ears, giddiness, 
headache, loss of memory, etc. 2. Sudden extrav¬ 
asation of blood into any organ. Some of the 
specially named varieties of A. are Asthenic, 
Bulbar, Cerebellar, Cerebral, Choroidal, 
Congestive, Cut.\neous, Functional, Hepatic, 
Ingravescent, Meningeal, Nervous ( = func¬ 
tional), Pulmonary, Renal, Retinal, Rheu¬ 
matic, Sanguineous, Serous, Simple, Spinal, 
and Splenic. [< L. apoplex'ia, fr. aird from, 
away + TT"ki/GGeLv to strike.] fap-o-plec'tic. i. 
One attacked, or likely to be attacked, by apo¬ 
plexy. 2. Pertaining to apoplexy, as A. clot, 
cyst, focus, etc., the mass of extravasated blood, 
or liquefied contents surrounded by a wall, 
formed in the interior of organs after the extrav¬ 
asation of blood therein: A. constitution or habit, 
that condition of body which indicates a predis¬ 
position to a poplexy, as short-necked, rosysfaced 
persons of a stout and plethoric type: A. ovum, 
an aborted ovum showing extravasation of blood: 
A. rheumatism, is- rheumatism: and A. stroke or 
shock, an attack of apoplexy, ap-o-plec'ti-form 
or ap-o-plec'toid, resembling apoplexy. ap-o- 
plec-tig'e-nous, producing apoplexy, ap-o-plex'- 
i ous, of the nature of apoplexy, 
ap-op-sych'i a. Faintness; a faint. [ < aTvoipvxeiv to 
faint] 

ap-o-quin'a-mine. An artificial alkaloid, Cj9H22N20, 
of cinchona bark. 

ap-o-re'tin. A resin with cathartic properties, ob¬ 
tained from rhubarb. 

a-po'ria. Discomfort; uneasiness; anxiety. [<a 
piiv. + TrSfjog way.] 
a-po'ric gland. A ductless gland. 


ap-o-sce-par'nism. The splitting off of a piece of 
the cranium by a blow. 

a-po'sia. =Adipsia. [< a priv. -h troGig drink.] 
ap-o-sit'i a. Loathing of food. [ < otto away, from 
+ Gtrog food.] fap-o-sitfle. 
ap-o-spas'ma. A solution of continuity; a tearing 
asunder. [< aTzoGTzaapa a tearing apart.] 
ap-o-spas'tic. i. Revulsive or derivative. 2. Marked 
by traction. [< otto from -f Gredv to draw.] 
ap-o-spha-cel'e-sis. Mortification or gangrene due 
to tight bandaging. [< cn:6 away GipaKcAi^ecv 
to mortify.] 

a-pos'ta-sis, a-pos-ta'si a. i. An abscess; also, a 
critical discharge. 2. The termination of a dis¬ 
ease by a critical discharge. [ < arro away -f- 
GTfjvaL to stand.] 

ap-o-stax'is. A dripping or slow escape, as of 
blood. [< OTTO away -I- Grd^eiv to drip.] 
ap'o-stem, ap-o-ste'ma, ap'os-thume. = Abscess. 
Aposte'ma cer'ebri — cerebral abscess. [< 
ditoGrfjvai to depart from.] t a-pos-te-mat'ic; 
ap-o-stem'a-tous. a-pos-te-ma'tion. ap-o-stem'- 
a-toid. 

a-pos'thi a. Absence of the foreskin. [ < a priv. 
+ TTOGdri prepuce.] 

A-pos'to-li’s method. The use of electricity in the 
treatment of diseases of the female genitalia, 
especially of uterine fibroids, 
a-pos'tro-phe. i. A loathing for food. 2. In 
botany, the collection of granules on adjacent 
cellular walls. 

ap-o-sy-rin-ge'sis. The formation of a fistula. [< 
aitb from + Gvpiy^ pipe.] 

ap-o-te-les'ma. The termination of an attack of 
disease. [< otto away + re/leZv to finish.] 
A-poth'e-ca-ries’ Company. An historic society of 
apothecaries chartered in the 15th year of the 
reign of James I, and still in existence, 
a-poth'e-ca-ries’ weight. =Troy weight. 
a-poth'e-ca-ry. One who keeps a store of drugs; 
one who sells drugs and puts up prescriptions; 
pharmacist; druggist. [< aTrodi/KJ/a. store.] 
a-poth'e-cas-ter. An unskilled or unauthorized 
apothecary. 

ap'o-them, a-poth'e-ma. A brown powder depos¬ 
ited after prolonged evaporation of a vegetable 
extract. [< otto from + Oepa a deposit.] 
ap-o-ther-i-o'sis. Zoanthropy, the assumption of 
bestial characters by human beings. [ < arrS 
away -f dijp beast.] 

a-poth'e-sis. The setting of a fractured bone. 
A. funi'euli umbilica'lis, reposition of a prolapsed 
umbilicus, i^ Omphaloproptosis. [< otto from 
-f- Tidevai to place.] 

a-poth'e-ter. An instrument for the reposition of 
the umbilicus. 

ap-o-thym'i a. Aversion; distaste. [ < artb from 
-f Bvpoq mind.] 

ap-o-trep'sis. The resolution of a local inflamma¬ 
tion. [< ared away + rpeTreiv to turn.] 
ap'o-zem, a-poz'e-ma, ap'o-zeme. A decoction or 
infusion: usually a decoction employed as a ve¬ 
hicle and an adjuvant for other medicines. 
[ < OTTO away + to boil.] 
ap-pa-ra'tus. i. Instruments or mechanical ar¬ 
rangements for experimenting, operating, etc.: 
sometimes applied to organs in animals and 
plants. ^ Clover’s A.; Desault’s A. A. ma'jor, 
a method of performing median lithotomy. A. 
mi'nor, a mode of practising lateral lithotomy. 
2. In anatomy, a group of organs concerned in 
the performance of a common function, no mat- 


APPARENT 


76 


APRAXIA 


ter how dissimilar their structure may be, as the 
digestive a. System. A. ligamento'sus col'li, 
the occipito=axoid ligament. [< L. appara're to 
arrange.] 

ap-par'ent. Seeming. A. hermaphroditism = spu¬ 
rious HERMAPHRODITISM. A. Origin = SUPERFI¬ 
CIAL ORIGIN. 

ap-pa-ri'tion. A visual hallucination in which some 
defined object (other than mere light) seems to 
be visible. [< L. appare're to appear.] 
ap-pen'dage. Any limb, member, or part that is 
not axial, but is appended to the axis; appendix. 
As. of the skin, the hair, nails, sweat=glands, 
and sebaceous glands. 

ap-pen-dal'gi a, ap-pen-di-ce-al'gi a. Pain in the 
region of the vermiform appendix, 
ap-pen-di-ce'al, -di'cal,-di'cial. = Appendicular. 
ap-pen-di-cec'to-my, ap-pen-dec'to-my. Excision 
of the vermiform appendix, 
ap-pen'di-ces. The plural of appendix. 
appendicitis (a-pcn-df-sai'tfs). Inflammation of the 
vermiform appendix; ecphyaditis; epityphlitis; 
perityphlitis; scolecoiditis; “iliac phlegmon” 
of the older writers. It may be either chronic, 
subacute, or acute. The latter is usually marked 
by sudden abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vom¬ 
iting, often constipation, and pain on pressure 
in the region of the appendix. i^McBurney’s 
POINT. Specially named varieties are Catarrhal, 
Fulminating, Gangrenous, Larval, Oblitera¬ 
tive, Purulent, Recurrent, Relapsing, etc. A. 
by contiguity, appendicitis due to infection from 
neighboring tissues. A. larva'ta = larval ap¬ 
pendicitis. A. oblit'erans = obliterative ap¬ 
pendicitis. [< Appendix -f-ir<f: the word con¬ 
tains Latin and Greek elements and is hence 
incorrectly formed; perityphlitis is correct.] 
ap-pen’di-co=en-te-ros'to-my. [^[ J. A. M. A. j. ’07.] 
tap-pen'di-co=en-te-rot'o-my. 
ap-pen-di-cos'to-my. An operation introduced by 
Weir, of New York, in which the appendiceal tip 
is sutured to the abdominal wall, thus permitting 
the introduction of irrigating fluids into the 
caecum: employed in amoebic dysentery and in¬ 
tractable constipation, C.<ecostomy. 
ap-pen-dic'u-lar. Having the character or nature 
of an appendage; not axial. A. artery, a branch 
from the ileocolic artery supplying the mesentery 
of the vermiform appendix; arteria appendicu- 
laris*. A. colic, acute abdominal pain attending 
the initial stage of appendicitis. A. elements, a 
number of cartilaginous rods attached to the 
skull in its chondral stage. They are represented 
in the adult by the ear bones, the hyoid, and the 
styloid process. A. muscles, the muscles of the 
limbs. A. peritonitis, appendicitis. A. skeleton, 
that part of the vertebrate skeleton which in¬ 
cludes the bones of the limbs and the shoulder 
and pelvic girdles and is supplementary to the 
axial skeleton. 

ap-pen-dic'u-late. Having appendicles, or having 
some appendage. 

ap-pen-dic‘u-lo-cae'cal aperture. The orifice of com¬ 
munication between the appendix and the caecum. 
ap-pen-dic*u-l050-va'ri an ligament. A prolonga¬ 
tion of the mesentery of the appendix (meso* 
appendix) connected with the broad ligament, 
ap-pen'dix, pi. appen'dices. A part of or addition 
to a thing; an appendage. A. ad cer'ebrum, “ ap¬ 
pendix to the cerebrum,” the cerebellum. A. 
auric'ulae = AURICULAR appendix. A. bomby'- 
cinus = hippocampus major. A. cae'ci = the 


APPENDIX VERMiFORMis. A. cer'ebri, the pitui¬ 
tary body. A. ensifor'mis, the ensiform process 
of the sternum. A. epididym'idis*, a small pedun¬ 
culated pear-shaped vesicle frequently connected 
with the free end of the head of the epididymis. 
Appen'dices epiplo'icae*, fatty pouches of peri¬ 
toneum hanging from the large intestine. A. 
tes'tis [Morgagn'ii]* = HYDATiD of Morgagni, 
def. 2. A. vermifor'mis or cas'd vermifor'mis, the 
vermiform appendix; a small tubular process of 
the caecum which morphologically represents 
its rudimentary apical portion; appendicula ver- 
miformis; processus vermiformis*. [ L., fr. ad to 
-f pen'dere to hang.] 
ap-pen'do-tome. J. A. M. A. j. ’10.] 
ap-per-cep'tion. i. Conscious perception. 2. The 
harmonizing of a new impression with the older 
ones of the kind. A.shallucination, a pseudo- 
hallucination caused by' psychical impressions. 
A.sillusion, an illusion arising from the confusion 
of sense impressions and subjective conceptions, 
ap'pe-tence, ap'pe-ten-cy. i. The disposition of 
organized beings to acquire and appropriate sub¬ 
stances adapted to their support; an ardent de¬ 
sire or longing for any object. 2. The attraction 
which the living tissues exert upon the nutrient 
fluids. [< L. appe'tere to desire.] 
ap'pe-tite. The natural desire for food; any natural 
inclination by which one is incited to act; inor¬ 
dinate desire; lust. Excessive a. = bulimia. 
Loss of a. = ANOREXIA. Perverted a. = pica. 
[< L. appe'tere to desire.] f^P'pe-ti-zer, any 
agent or action stimulating the appetite for food, 
applana'tio cor'neae. Morbid flattening of ‘the 
cornea. 

ap'ple. The fruit of Py'rus ma'lus. Adam’s a.= 

POMUM ADAMI. A.seye = EXOPHTHALMIA. A.- 

jack, an alcoholic liquor distilled from cider. A. 
of the eye, the eyeball. 

ap-pli-ca'tion. i. The act of applying one thing to 
another, as the applying of an apparatus, a 
bandage, or a blister. 2. That which is applied, 
as a dressing, bandage, or poultice. fap'pli- 
ca-tor, ap-pli'er, an instrument used in making 
applications to any part. 

Appolito’s operation or suture (a-pol'f-toz). An in¬ 
testinal suture made with double thread passed 
through all the coats; used in enterorrhaphy. It 
is a continued Gely’s suture, 
ap-po-si'tion. i. The supplying of deficient parts 
by placing portions of the adjacent integuments, 
etc., in contact, Prosthesis. 2. The depo¬ 
sition of matter which takes place in the growth 
of the nonsvascular tissues, such as horn, the 
nails, etc. A. suture, one including only the 
skin: used to bring about the exact approxima¬ 
tion of the edges of a wound. [< L. apposi'tio. 
fr. ad to, on -f po'nere to place.] 
ap-pro-pri-a'tion. The process of assimilation, 
ap-prox-i-ma'tion. The act of growing together or 
of coming near. A. plate = bone-plate. A. 
suture, a deep-lying suture to secure approxima¬ 
tion of the deep parts of a wound. [ < L. (for 
ad) top prox'imus next.] fap-prox'i-mal, -mate, 
approaching; contiguous: employed to denote 
the contiguous surfaces of adjoining teeth, 
a-prax'i a. A mental condition in which the patient 
is unable to make use of the common objects about 
him in the proper way. He sometimes washes 
his hands in his soup, drinks from wash-basins, 
etc., and usually can neither speak nor make in¬ 
telligible signs. [< a priv. + TTpacceiv to do.] 


APRICATION 


77 


AQUA 


ap-ri-ca'tion. Treatment by exposure to the sun’s 
rays. [< L. aprica'ri to bask.] 
a-proc'ti a. Imperforation of the anus. [ < a priv. 

4- 'KptJKToq anus.] fa-proc'tous. 
a'pron. Pudendal apron. 

ap-ro-sex'i a. Inability to fix the attention, as in 
nasal disease or in neurasthenia. [< a priv. + 
Trpdf to + fo hold.] 

a-pro-so'pi a. Congenital absence of or defect in 
the face, Schistoprosopia. 
ap-sel-a-phe'si a, ap-se-laph'e-sis. Paralytic defect 
of tactile sense, with or without deficiency in 
other sensory functions, Anesthesia ; hy- 
PERSELAPHESIA ; H YPOSELAPHESI.\. [ < a priv. + 
fT/?id(pT/(jig touch.] 

ap-si-thy'ri a. A laryngeal afiection in which the pa¬ 
tient is unable to whisper; hysterical dumbness. 

Aphonia. [< a priv. + tpidvp'i^eiv to whisper.] 
a-psych'i a. Lack of consciousness, fa-psych'i-cal. 
ap-ty-a'li a, ap-ty'a-lism. Xerostomia, 
a'pus. A monster lacking the lower extremities, 
a-py'e-tous. Not having pus; not suppurating, 
a-pyk-no-mor'phous. Not pyknotic. 
a-py'o-nin. Yellow pyoktanin. 
a-py-re-nae'ma-ta. Vertebrates whose red corpus¬ 
cles are nonmucleated. 

ap-y-ret'ic. Having no fever or febrile excitement, 
as A. typhoid fever, typhoid fever. 
ap-y-rex'i a. Absence of fever, or intermission of 
its paroxysms. [< a priv. + Trvpe^la fever.] f^P" 
y-rex'i al. 

Aq. Abbreviation for L. a'qua, water, or a'quee, of 
water, or waters. Aq. aerat., a'qua aera'ta, car¬ 
bonated water. Aq. astr., a'qua asiric'ta, frozen 
water; ice. Aq. bull., a'qua bul'liens, boiling 
water. Aq. com. or comm., a'qua commu'nis, 
common water. Aq. dest. or destil., a'qua desiil- 
la'ta, distilled water. Aq. ferv., a'qua fer'vens, 
hot water. Aq. fluv., a'qua fluvia'lis or flu'vii, 
river water. Aq. font., a'qua fon'tis or fonta'na, 
spring water. Aq. mar. ormarin., a'qua mari'na, 
seaswater. Aq. pur., a'qua pu'ra, pure water. Aq. 
niv., a'qua niva'lis, snowwater. Aq. pluv., a'qua 
pluviaii'lis or pluvia'lis, rain water, 
a'qua*, gen. and pi. a'quae. =Water. According to 
the U. S. P., “ potable water in its purest attain¬ 
able state.” i^Aq.; aque. A. ammo'niae*, 
ammonia water; liquor ammonias: an aqueous 
solution of ammonia (NHg), containing io%, by 
weight, of gaseous ammonia. It is stimulant 
and irritant. In the stomach it acts as a stimu¬ 
lant antacid, and is used in heartburn, sick head¬ 
ache, etc. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). t^LiNi- 

MENTUM AMMONIE*; SPIRITUS AMMONIE ARO- 

MATicus*. A. ammo'niae for'tior*, stronger am¬ 
monia water: an aqueous solution of ammonia, 
containing 28%, by weight, of gaseous ammonia. 
It is too strong for medical use in its unmixed 
state. Diluted with spirit of camphor and rose¬ 
mary, it has been employed as a prompt and 
powerful rubefacient, vesicatory, or escharotic in 
various neuralgic, gouty, rheumatic, and spas¬ 
modic affections. A. amyg'dalae ama'rae*, bitter 
almond water: a liquid consisting of i Cc. of oil 
of bitter almond and 999 Cc. of water. Dose, 4 
Cc. (i fl. dr.). A. ani'si*, anise water: a liquid 
made from 2 Cc. of oil of anise and 15 Gm. of 
purified talc, with sufficient water to make 1000 
Cc. It is used as a vehicle. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. 
drs.). A. auran'tii flo'rum*, orangesflower water: 
a liquid prepared from equal measures of stronger 
orangesflower water and distilled water. A. au¬ 


ran'tii flo'rum for'tior*, stronger orange=flower 
water: water saturated with volatile oil of fresh 
orange flowers. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). A. bi- 
nel'li, an Italian proprietary medicine, supposed 
to be a solution of creosote, and celebrated at 
Naples for arresting hemorrhage. A. cam'- 
phorae*, camphor water: a liquid prepared with 
8 Gm. camphor, 8 Cc. alcohol, 15 Gm. purified 
talc and sufficient water to make 1000 Cc. 
Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). Camphor. A. car'ui, 
caraway water, made from caraway by the same 
process as anise water: used mainly as a vehicle.. 
A. chlo'ri, chlorine water: the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for an aqueous solution of chlorine, containing 
at least 0.4% of the gas. It is stimulant and 
antiseptic. Externally, it is employed, duly di¬ 
luted, as a gargle in smallpox, scarlatina, and 
putrid sore throat. Internally, it has been used 
in typhus, chronic affections of the liver, scarla¬ 
tina, diphtheria, and malignant sore throat. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). A. chlorofor'mi*, chloro¬ 
form water: a saturated solution of chloroform 
in distilled water. It is carminative, solvent, and 
microbicidal. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). A. cin- 
namo'mi*, cinnamon water: made from 2 Cc. oil 
of cinnamon, 15 Gms. purified talc, and enough 
distilled water to make 1000 Cc. It is used 
as a vehicle for other less agreeable medicines. 
Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). A. cotun'nii = pERiLYMPH. 
A. creoso'ti*, creosote water: the 1%, by vol¬ 
ume, aqueous solution of creosote. It may be 
used with advantage as a gargle, as a lotion, or 
mixed with cataplasms to correct fetor, etc. 
Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). A. destilla'ta*, distilled, 
water: a colorless, limpid liquid, without odor 
or taste and perfectly neutral to litmus paper. 
To obtain it perfectly pure it should be distilled 
in platinum vessels. A. ex flu'mine, river water. 
A. ex la'cu, lake water. A. ex ni've, snow water: 
differing apparently from rain water only in 
being destitute of air. A. ex palu'de, marsh 
water: the most impure, as being the most 
stagnant, of all water, and generally loaded with 
decomposing vegetable matter. A. ex pu'teo, 
well water. A. fluvia'lis, river water. A. fee- 
nic'uli*, fennel water: made from 2 Cc. of oil of 
fennel, 15 Gm. purified talc, and enough water 
to make 1000 Cc. It is used as a vehicle for 
other medicines. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). A. 
fonta'na, A. fon'tis, spring water: containing, in 
addition to carbonic acid and calcium carbonate, 
a small portion of sodium chloride, and fre¬ 
quently other salts. Spring water which dis¬ 
solves soap is termed ” soft ” ; that which decom¬ 
poses and curdles it is called “hard.” A. for'tis, 
strong water: a name applied to nitric acid, on 
account of its powerfully corrosive properties. 
It is distinguished by the terms double and sin¬ 
gle, the latter being only half the strength of the 
former. Concentrated nitric acid, however, is 
much stronger than double aqua fortis. A. hama- 
mel'idis*, hamamelis water, wrongly called witch- 
hazel extract: a weak alcoholic distillate of hama¬ 
melis bark. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). A. hydroge'- 
nii diox'idi*, solution of hydrogen dioxide: a 
slightly acid aqueous solution of hydrogen di¬ 
oxide, containing about 3%, by weight, of abso¬ 
lute hydrogen dioxide, corresponding to about 10 
volumes of available oxygen. Dose, 4 Cc, (i fl. 
dr.), A. laurocer'asi (B.P.), cherryslaurel water: 
made by distilling the leaves f>i the European 
cherryslaurel in water. Used as a substitute for 


/ 


AQUACAPSULITIS 


78 


ARACHNOID 


dilute hydrocyanic acid as a sedative narcotic. 
Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). A. mari'na, sea^water, 
containing sodium sulphate, the chlorides of sodi¬ 
um, magnesium, and calcium, a minute propor¬ 
tion of potassium, and various animal and vegeta¬ 
ble bodies. A. men'thse piperi'tae*, peppermint 
water; made from 2 Gm. oil of peppermint, 15 
Gm. purified talc, and enough water to make 
1000 Cc. It is used as a vehicle for medicines 
given in the form of a mixture. Dose; 16 Cc. (4 
fl. drs.). A. men'thae vir'idis*, spearmint water: 
made from 2 Gm. oil of spearmint, 15 Gm. puri¬ 
fied talc, and enough water to make 1000 Cc. It 
is used as a vehicle for medicines given in the 
form of a mixture. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). A. 
oc'uli, the aqueous humor. A. pimen'tae, pimen- 
ta water, made by distilling pimenta in water: 
aromatic, and used as a vehicle. A. plum'bi, rs- 
LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS DILUTUS*. A. plu- 
via'lis, rain water: the purest form of natural wa¬ 
ter. A. re'gia, royal water, nitrohydrochloric 
acid: so called on accoimt of its great power in 
subduing or dissolving gold and platinum. A. 
ro'sae*, rose water: a mixture of equal measures 
of stronger rose water and distilled water. Dose, 
16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). A. ro'sae for'tior*, stronger 
rose water: water saturated with the volatile oil 
of rose petals, obtained by distillation. Dose, 8 
Cc. (2 fl. drs.). k^Unguentum aqu^ ros^*. A. 
sambu'ci, elderflower water: made by the distil¬ 
lation of elderflowers in water. A. sedati'va 
(N. F.), sedative water : a preparation contain¬ 
ing water of ammonia, 2 fl. ozs.; spirit of cam¬ 
phor, 90 minims; sodium chloride, one troy 
ounce, and water to make 16 fl. ozs. A good 
sedative lotion. A. vi'tae, water of life, ardent 
spirits of the first distillation; brandy. 

a‘qua-cap-su-li'tis. = Aquocapsulitis. 

a'quae*. Waters; medicated waters. These, when 
prepared from volatile oils, are intended to be, 
as nearly as practicable, saturated solutions, 
which must be clear, and free from solid im¬ 
purities. e^Aqua. 

aquaeduc'tus. Latin for aqueduct. A. cer'ebri. i. 
The INFUNDIBULUM of the brain. 2. = Aque¬ 
duct OF Sylvius. A. coch'leae, the fine canal 
leading from a triangular opening on the posterior 
border of the petrous portion of the temporal 
bone to the labyrinth. A. cotun'nii = aqueduct 
OF THE VESTIBULE. A. fallo'pii = AQUEDUCT OF 
Fallopius. A. syl'vii = aqueduct of Sylvius. 
A. vestib'uli = AQUEDUCT of the vestibule. 

a-qua-punc'ture. A therapeutic procedure consist¬ 
ing in the injection of water through hypodermic 
needles or in the forcing of water through the 
unbroken skin at high pressure. 

a'quate. A combination of water with an element or 
a radical. 

a'que-duct. Literally, a “ passage for water,” though 
applied in anatomy to several canals in the body 
not always containing fluid. A. of the cochlea, 
a foramen of the temporal bone, for the transmis¬ 
sion of a small vein from the cochlea. A. of 
Cotun'nius = aqueduct of the vestibule. A. 
of Fallo'pius, the canal by which the facial nerve 
winds through the petrous portion of the tempo¬ 
ral bone; facial canal. A. of Syl'vius, the canal 
which extends beneath the corpora quadrigemina 
and connects the third with the fourth ventricle 
of the brain; iter a tertio ad quartum veniriculum; 
cavity of the mid^brain. A. of the vestibule, the 
commencement of a small canal which opens upon 


the posterior surface of the petrous portion of 
the temporal bone of the cranium and transmits 
a small vein; A. of Cotunnius. [ < L. aquceduc'- 
tus, fr. a'qua water -|- duc'tus canal.] 
a'que-ous. i. Containing water; watery; hydrous 
A. cancer = cancrum oris. A. capsule = Des- 
cemet’s membrane, a. cavity, that portion of 
the eye=cavity, situated between the lens and the 
cornea, which contains the aqueous humor. A. 
chamber = AQUEOUS cavity. Chambers of 
THE EYE. A. extract, an extract in which water 
is used as the menstruum. A. humor, a colorless 
fluid in the anterior and posterior chambers of 
the eye. A. purpura = h.^mophilia. A. solu¬ 
tion, a solution in which water is the solvent. 
A. tincture, tincture. A. urine = urina 
POTUS. 2. The aqueous humor. [< L. a'qua 
water.] 

a-qui-du'cous. Hydragogue. [ < L. a'qua water -t- 
du'cere to lead.] 

Aquile'gia. A genus of ranunculaceous herbs. A. 
canaden'sis, wild columbine, has tonic seeds. A. 
vulga'ris, of Europe, is diuretic, diaphoretic, and 
antiscorbutic. 

a'qui-nol. A proprietary disinfectant containing 
formaldehyde, glycerin, thymol, and potash soap, 
a-quip'a-rous. Producing a watery fluid: said of 
glands. [< L. a'qua pa'rere to produce.] 

a‘quo-cap-su-li'tis, -mem-bra-ni'tis. Serous iritis, 
a-quos'i-ty. The condition of being watery, 
a-quo'zon. A proprietary name for ozonized water, 
a'quu-la. Any small aqueous tumor; sometimes, 
a fatty tumor under the skin of the eyelid. A. 
acus'tica, the fluid in the cavity of the vestibule 
of the internal ear. A. morga'gnii = liquor 
MORGAGNii. [L., dim. of a'qua w^ater.] 
ar'a-bic acid, ar'a-bin. An acid, Cj2H220jj, pro¬ 
duced by dissolving gum arabic in water, adding 
a little hydrochloric acid, and precipitating by 
alcohol. Its calcium salt forms the main part of 
gum arabic. A. sugar = ARABiNOSE. far'a-bate, 
a salt of arabic acid. 

ar-ab‘i-no-chlo'ra-lose. A hypnotic resembling 
chloralose but devoid of its tetanic effects, 
ar'a-bi-non. A hydrocarbon, CioH,gOg, prepared 
by treating arabin with diluted sulphuric acid, 
ar'a-bi-nose. Gum=sugar, CgHjoOg, a sugar obtained 
from arabic acid by treating it with dilute sul¬ 
phuric acid; arabin sugar, far-ab'i-no-su'ri a. 
ar'a-bite. A sweet substance, C5HJ2O5, produced 
by the action of sodium amalgam on arabinose. 
ar-a-bon'ic acid. Tetra^oxyvaleric acid, CgHjoGg: 

from arabinose by the action of bromine water, 
a-rach'ic or ar-a-chid'ic acid. An acid, C20H39O.OH, 
found in oil of earth-nut (Ar'achis hypogcea), in 
cacao oil, butter, and other substances. 

Ar'achis = Ground-nut. 

ar'a-chis oil. = Ground-nut oil. 

Arach'nida. A class of air-breathing Arthrop'oda, 
having eight legs and a body usually divided into 
a cephalothorax and abdomen, while the true 
insects ar» as a rule divided by two constrictions 
into head, thorax, and abdomen, and always have 
six legs. It includes the spiders, scorpions, king- 
crabs, ticks, and mites. 

ar-ach-ni'tis. Inflammation of the arachnoid mem¬ 
brane. t®-L eptomeningitis ; meningitis. [< 
apaxvT} spider, a spider’s web.] 
a-rach'noid. i. Resembling a spider’s web. 2. 
The arachnoid membrane. A. canal == Bichat’s 
CANAL. A. cavity, the space between the arach¬ 
noid membrane and the dura mater. A. foramen 


ARACHNOIDEA 


79 


ARCHEBIOLOGY 


= Magendie’s foramen, a. mater or mem¬ 
brane, the fine, cobwebslike membrane situated 
between the dura mater and the pia mater of the 
brain {arachnoidea encephali*) and the spinal 
cord {arachnoidea spinalis^) ; meninx arachnoi¬ 
dea or media. A. pulse, a small, feeble, tremu¬ 
lous pulse; a thread=like pulse. A. sheath = 
ARACHNOIDEAN SHEATH. A. Space, SUBARACH¬ 
NOID space; subdural space. A. villi = pac¬ 
chionian BODIES. [< apdxvrj spider’s web -f 
elclocform.] far-ach-noi'dal, a-rach-noi'de an, as 
A. granulations ^PACCHioisfiA^ bodies: and A. 
sheath, a delicate sheath between the pial and 
the dural sheath of the optic nerve, 
a-rach-noi'de a. = Arachnoid. A. enceph'ali* and 
spina'lis*, arachnoid membrane. A. oc'uli, 
the external layer of the choroid of the eye. [L.] 
a-rach-noi-di'tis. = Arachnitis. 
a-rach-nol'y-sin. A very active haemolytic sub¬ 
stance extracted from spiders, 
a-rach-no-pi'a. The arachnoid and the pia re¬ 
garded as one membrane, 
ar'ack. = Arrack. 

ar-ae-om'e-ter, ar-e-om'e-ter. An instrument for 
determining the specific gravity of liquids; an 
hydrometer. [ < dpatdg light + pirpov measure.] 

far-ae-om'e-try. 

ar-ae-ot'ic. i. Attenuating; opening the pores. 
2. An attenuant remedy; a medicine that opens 
the pores. [< dpatog thin.] 

Ara'lia. A genus of araliaceous plants. A. cana- 
den'sis = Panax quinquefolium. A. his'pida, 
dwarf elder, a plant sometimes used in dropsy in 
the form of decoction. A. nudicau'lis, wild sarsa¬ 
parilla, sometimes used as a substitute for the true 
sarsaparilla. A. racemo'sa, spikenard. A. spi- 
no'sa, the angelica or toothache tree of the 
United States. Its bark, root, and berries are 
stimulant and diaphoretic. A tincture of the 
berries has been used in toothache. It contains 
the glucoside a-ra'li in, which on decomposition 
forms a-ra-li-re'tin. 

AransDuchenne’s disease ( 4 -r 4 h-du-sh^nz). = Pro¬ 
gressive MUSCULAR ATROPHY, 
ara'neae te'la. Spider’s web: used externally as a 
styptic, and formerly employed internally in 
intermittent fever and in ague, 
a-ra'neous. i. Like a cobweb; arachnoid. A. 
membrane = ARACHNOID MEMBRANE. 2. Thready; 
said of a feeble pulse. [ < L. ara'nea spider.] 
Aran’s green cancer (a-rahz). Malignant lymphoma 
of the cavity of the eye: marked by severe 
leukaemia and tendency to form metastases to 
the lymphatics. 

aran'tii cor'pora. = Arantius, bodies of. A. 

duc'tus = DUCTUS VENOSUS*. 

Aran'tius, bodies or nodules of. Small tubercles, 
one in each semilunar valve of the aorta and pul¬ 
monary arteries; corpora sesamoidea; noduli 
arantii. A., duct of = ductus venosus*. A., ven¬ 
tricle of = ventricle of Arantius. [< Aran¬ 
tius, or Aranzio, an Italian anatomist (died 1589).] 
a-ra-ro'ba. is- Andira araroba ; goa powder. 
ar'bor. i. A tree. 2. = Arbor vitae*, def. i. 

A. vi'tae*, “tree of life.’’ i. The foliated mass 
of nervous substance in either hemisphere of the 
cerebellum. This mass, when cut parallel to the 
median line, presents an arborescent or tree=like 
appearance, caused by the laminations of the 
white substance covered with the gray matter. 
2. = Thuja occiDENTALis. A. vi'tae cerebel'li = 
ARBOR VITAE*, def. I. A. vi'tae uteri'na, the suc¬ 


cession of ai bo rescent ridges in the canal of the 
uterine cervix. [L.] 

ar-bo-res'cent. Branching like a tree. A. cataract, 
a cataract in which the opacity has a branched 
form. A. myxoma, a myxoma with branches, 
ar-bo-ri-za'tion. A branching distribution of vein- 
lets or of nerve=filaments, especially the branched 
terminal ramifications of a nerve*axon. 

Ar'butus. A genus of ericaceous shrubs and small 
trees. A. menzie'si, the madrono tree of Cali¬ 
fornia. Its bark is an astringent. Trailing a. 
= Epig^a repens. a. une'do, the strawberry 
tree, a native of Europe. Its bark and leaves 
are astringent. A. u'va ur'si = Arctostaphylos 
uvA URsi. From it and other ericaceous plants 
ar'bu-tin, CjjHigOg, a bitter, diuretic glucoside, is 
obtained. Dose, 0.3 to 0.6 Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). 
arc. Any part of the circumference of a circle. 
Especially named varieties are Binaural or 
binauricular, Bregmatolambdoid, Diastaltic, 
Frontal, Nasobregmatic, Nasosoccipital, Oc¬ 
cipital, Parietal, and Reflex. A. de cercle 
(de ser-cl), an attitude sometimes assumed in 
the second stage of hysterical convulsions. It 
consists in extreme opisthotonus, the trunk 
being pushed forward, and the patient resting 
on the head and the heels. [F.] 
ar'ca arcano'rum. The philosopher’s stone, 
ar-cade'. Flint’s arcade. 
ar-ca'num. A nostrum or secret medicine, 
ar'cate. Bow^shaped; arcuate, 
ar-ca-tu'ra. Outward curvature of the forelegs of 
horses. 

arch. A bending in the form of a bow; any arc or 
part of the circumference of a circle; a structure 
having the shape of a bow; arcus*. For spe¬ 
cially named arches see the adjectives. A. of 
the aorta, the curved part between the ascending 
and descending portions of the aorta; arcus 
aortae*. A. of the carpus = carpal arches. A. 
of the colon, the arch formed by the transverse 
portion of the colon. A. of Corti = Corti’s arch. 
A. of Fallopius = Poupart’s ligament. A.’s of 
the foot. The inner 
arch is composed of 
the calcaneum, as¬ 
tragalus, scaphoid, 
thethree cuneiforms, 
and the first three Inner Arch of the Foot. 
toes; the outer arch 

is made up of the calcaneum, cuboid, and the 
fourth and fifth toes. A. of the palate, the arch 
formed by the pillars of the fauces. A. of the palm, 
PALMAR ARCHES. A. Of the pUbeS, ^ PUBIC 
ARCHES. A. of the teeth, i. The arrangement of 
the teeth in a bow^shaped arch. 2. = Dental 
ARCH. A. of a vertebra, the arch formed by the 
two processes which spring from each side of the 
posterior surface of the body of a vertebra and 
curve around to meet in the middle line; arcus 
vertebrae*. [ < L. ar'cus.] 
ar'chae-o-cyte. A wandering cell, 
ar-chae-os'to-ma. = Blastopore. 
ar-chae'us. A mysterious, immaterial principle, 
supposed to preside over the functions and de¬ 
velopment of the body, far'chas-ism. 
ar-cham'phi-as-ter. An amphiaster developed with¬ 
in the germinal vesicle at the time of the expul¬ 
sion of the polar globules. 

Archangel'ica officina'lis. = Angelica archangel 

ICA. 

ar-che-bi-ol'o-gy. The science of the early life. 




ARCHEBIOSIS 


80 

ar-che-bi-o'sis. The beginning of life in the (sup¬ 
posed) act or process of spontaneous generation, 
ts" Biogenesis. [< apxv beginning -f life.] 
archecptoma (ar-c^c-to'ma). Prolapse of the rec¬ 
tum or of the anus. [< apx^^ anus + eKTTTcopa 
falling out.] 

arched uterus. A uterus in which the median 
longitudinal furrow is very pronounced from de¬ 
fective fusion of the horns, giving the organ an 
arched appearance, 
ar-che-gen'e-sis. = Archebiosis. 
ar-chen'te-ron. i. The cavity formed by the in¬ 
vagination of the blastodermic vesicle during the 
gastrula stage; coelenteron. 2. The enteron in 
its primitive embrycmic and undifferentiated 
state. [< beginning-h evrepov intestine.] 

tar-chen-ter'ic. 

ar'che-o-cyte. =Arch^ocyte. 
ar-che-os'to-ma. = Blastopore. 
ar-che-py'on. Thick, cheesy pus. [< apxv begin¬ 
ning -f- Ttvov pus.] 

arches of the foot. The two arches, a longitudinal 
and a transverse, formed by the tarsal bones, 
ar-che-spo'ri um. The mass of cells from which 
the mother spore=cells originate, 
archetto (ar-c^t' 6 ). An apparatus composed of 
bent pieces of wood or iron, forming a frame to 
protect an injured limb from pressure of the 
bedclothes. [It.] 

ar'che-type. The original type or model on which 
others are formed. 

ar'chi-. Denoting the chief, primitive, or original : 
a combining form. [ < apxV origin.] ar-chi- 
am'phi-as-ter = archamphiaster. — ar-chi-a'ter, 
a court physician, or the first or chief of a 
corps of physicians. — ar'chi-blast, a term em¬ 
ployed especially by His to designate the axial 
or fundamental portion of the blastodermic 
layers, as distinguished from the parahlast, or 
peripheral part of the mesoderm; the exact sig¬ 
nificance of the term, however, varies with dif¬ 
ferent authors, f^^r-chi-blas'tic, as A. hetero¬ 
plasm, heteroplastic material derived from the 
tegumentary or glandular epithelium. — ar'chi- 
blas-to'ma, a tumor derived from archiblastic or 
parenchymatous matter, as a myoma, adenoma, 
etc. — ar-chi-blas'tu-la, a ciliated, vesicular mor¬ 
ula resulting from complete and regular division 
of the yolk and forming by invagination the 
ARCHiGASTRULA. — ar'chi-cyte, ar-chi-cyt'u-la, an 
ovum after impregnation but before segmenta¬ 
tion has begun.— ar-chi-gas'ter = archenteron. 

— - ar-chi-gas'tru-la, the gastrula in its most 
primitive form of development. i^Archiblas- 
tula. — ar-chi-gen'e-sis = archebiosis. — ar-chi- 
kar'y-on, the nucleus of an impregnated ovum.— 
ar*chi-mo-ner'u-la, Haeckel’sterm for the moner- 
ula stage of an egg undergoing primitive and 
total cleavage. — ar-chi-mor'u-la, the morula 
which arises from the segmentation of the archi- 
cyte.— ar-chi-neph'ron = wolffian body. tar- 
chi-neph'ric, as A. ca«a/= wolffian duct. — ar- 
chi-neu'ron. i. The primitive neuron. 2. The 
neuron at which the efferent impulse begins.— 
arichi-plasm, the cell substance of an impreg¬ 
nated ovum.— ar'chi-stome = blastopore. 
ar'chil. A violet^red paste prepared from Li'chen 
roccel'la or orseille, and other species of lichen, 
as Roccel'la tincto'ria, and used in dyeing. The 
plant Li'chen roccel'la, reduced to a pulp and 
treated with impure ammoniacal liquor, yields 
LITMUS. [< O. F. orchel.] 


ARCULUS 

ar-chi'tis. Inflammation of the lower rectum. [< 
apxog anus.] 

ar'cho-. Relating to the anus: a combining form. 
[ < apq;df anus.] ar'cho-cele, rectal hernia.— ar*- 
cho-cys-to-col-po-sy'rinx, fistula of the anus, 
bladder, and vagina.— ar'cho-cys-to-sy'rinx, fis¬ 
tula of the anus and bladder. — ar-chop-to'ma, 
ar-chop-to'sis, prolapsus ani; a descent of the 
rectum, Archoptoma is strictly the prolapsed 
rectum, while archoptosis is the prolapse, or de¬ 
scent, of the rectum.— ar-chor-rha'gi a, hemor¬ 
rhage from the rectum.— ar-chor-rhce'a, a flow 
of liquid from the rectum.— ar-cho-ste-no'sis, 
-steg-ao'sis, -steg-no'ma, stricture of the rectum. 
— ar-cho-sy'rinx. i. Fistula in ano. 2. A clys¬ 
ter pipe. 

ar'cho-plasm. An element of cell protoplasm be¬ 
lieved to influence the form of the karyokinetic 
figures. [ < dpxov ruling -f TrXaupa something 
formed.] far-cho-plas'mic, as A. vesicles, ves¬ 
icular structures that appear in cells of verte¬ 
brates during spermatogenesis, consisting of a 
welDdefined wall, enclosing a clear fluid in which 
are suspended one or more darkly staining 
granules. They are to all appearance structur¬ 
ally identical with Plimmer’s bodies, and arise 
in a similar manner. 

ar'chyl, ar'chyle. = Protyl. [ < apxv beginning 
-\-v?iv matter.] 

ar'ci-form. Formed like an arch. A. fibres, a set of 
fibres which proceed from the corpus pyramidale 
and pass outward around or through the corpus 
olivare to the corpus restiforme. Two layers are 
distinguished: the superficial arciform and the 
deep arciform fibres. A. nucleus = nucleus 
arciformis. [< L. arcifor'mis, fr. ar'cus bow or 
arch.] 

arc-ta'tion, arc'ti-tude. i. Constipation of the in¬ 
testines. 2. A preternatural contraction of any 
natural opening, as the anris, the vagina, etc. [< 
L. arcta're to bind closely.] 

Arc'tium lap'pa. tm- Lappa*. 

Arctostaph'ylos. A genus of ericaceous plants. A. 
glau'ca, MANZANiTA. A- u'va ur'si, the bear- 
berry, or Arhu'tus u'va ur'si. i^Uva ursi. From 
it arc'tu-vine, a substance identical with hydroqui- 
none, is obtained. 

ar'cual. Bent; arched; applied to the coronal su¬ 
ture which is also called stifura arcualis, and to 
the temporal bone, or os arcuale. 

ar'cu ate. Bent or curved like a bow. A. commis¬ 
sure = Gudden’s commissure, a. convolution 
= uncinate convolution, a. eminence = emi- 
NENTiA ARCUATA*. A. fasciculus, the superior 
longitudinal fasciculus. A. fibres = arciform 
FIBRES. A. ligament {of knee), an arched liga¬ 
ment on the outside of the back part of the cap¬ 
sule of the knee-joint; ligamentum popliteum ar- 
cuatum*. A. ligaments, two arching fibrous 
bands on each side of the crura of the diaphragm. 
They are distinguished as internal {arcus lumbo- 
costalis medialis [Halleri]*-) and external {arcus 
lumbocostalis lateralis [Hallert]*). A. nucleus, 
the largest of the masses of gray matter asso¬ 
ciated with the arciform fibres of the pyramidal 
tract. A. sul'ci, three fissures, anterior, middle, 
and posterior, which aid in subdividing the infe¬ 
rior surface of the cerebellum. 

ar-cu-a'tion. A gibbosity or curvature of the dor¬ 
sal vertebrae, the sternum, or the tibia. [< L. 
ercua're to bend like a bow,] 
ar'cu-lus. = Archetto. 


ARCUS 


81 


ARGENTAMINE 


ar'cus, pi. ar'cus. A bow, arc, or arch; the pe¬ 
riphery of any part of a circle. A. aor'tae* = 
ARCH OP THE AORTA. A. bicipita'Us = BICIPITAL 

ARCH. A. crura'lis = CRURAL arch. A. glosso- 
palati'nus*, ts- palatine arches. A. lumbocos- 
ta'lis latera'Us [Hal'leri]* and media'lis [Hal'- 
leri]*, ARCUATE ligaments, a. palati'ni = 
PALATINE ARCHES. A. pharyngopalati'nus*, ts- 
PALATINE ARCHES. A. scni'Us, a gray crescentic 
or circular opacity around the edge of the cor¬ 
nea due to degenerative change in old age or 
arteriosclerosis; gerontoxon. A. seni'lis len'- 
tis, a circular opacity of the crystalline lens 
sometimes seen in the eyes of old persons. A. 
supercilia'ris = SUPERCILIARY ridge. A. tendi- 
ne'us = WHITE LINE. A. vola'ris profun'dus* and 
superficia'lis*, ^palmar arches. [L.] 
ar-dan-aes-the'sia. Loss of the warmth sense with¬ 
out involvement of cold sense; the opposite con¬ 
dition being known as kryanaesthesia. 
ar'dent. Burning; characterized by ardor. A. 
eyes, a congested condition of the vessels of the 
conjunctiva. A. fever = malaria. A. spirits, 
distilled alcoholic liquors. A. urine, urine of a 
high color, containing a large amount of uric 
acid. [ < L. arde're to burn.] 
ar'dor. Intense or morbidly increased sensation of 
heat; ardent desire. A. febri'lis, feverish or fe¬ 
brile heat. A. uri'nae, a sensation in the urethra 
as if the passing urine were scalding hot. A. 
uteri'nus, nymphomania; furor uterinus. A. 
vene'reus. i. Intense sexual desire. 2. The 
periodical “heat” of animals. A. ventric'uli or 
stom'achi, heartburn. [< L. arde're to bum.] 
a'rea*. An open space; the internal capacity of 
any given boundary or limit. For specially 
named areas, other than those given below, see 
the adjectives. A. acus'tica* = TRiGONUM acus- 
Tici. A. of Broca, a portion of gray matter 
between the mesial olfactory root and the pedun¬ 
cle of the corpus callosum; area parolfactoria 
[Brocae]*. A. ceFsi = alopecia areata. Cere¬ 
bral a., nervescentre ; centre. A. cribro'sa*. 
I. The area formed in the calyx of the kidney by 
the openings of the renal tubules. 2. = Maculae 
cribrosae*. a. crura'lis, the area at the base of 
the brain between the pons varolii and the optic 
chiasm. A. dif'fluens, a form of baldness. A. 
ellip'tica, the surface of the olivary body of the 
medulla oblongata. A. embryona'lis, embryonal 
a., or A. germinati'va, an opaque spot on the 
blastodermic vesicle of the ovum, in which the 
embryo develops. A. martegia'ni = hyaloid 
CANAL. A. opa'ca, the dull peripheral zone of the 
embryonal area surrounding the area pellucida. 
A. ova'lis, an elevated area on the lower lateral 
surface of the cerebellum, outside the area elliptica. 
A. parolfacto'ria [Bro'cae] * = area of Broca. 
A. pellu'cida, the central lighter portion of the 
embryonal area, due to a depression in the ovum, 
containing a clear fluid which lies beneath the 
blastoderm. A. septa'lis = septal area. A. ser'- 
pens, baldness spreading in a winding line from 
the occiput to the ear or the forehead. A. vas- 
culo'sa, part of the area opaca in which blood=» 
vessels develop at an early stage. A. vitelli'na, 
that part of the area opaca which lies outside of 
the vascular area. [L.] fa're al. 
a-re'ca. The beteLnut, the fruit of the Are'ca 
cat'echu, a palmaceous tree. It is tonic, taenia- 
cide, and astringent, and forms one of the prin¬ 
cipal ingredients of BETEL, Dose of fl. ext., 3 to 
6 


8 Cc. (45 to 120 mins.). From it are obtained 
a-re'ea-ine, a colorless crystalline alkaloid, 
CyHjjNOj-fHjO, with vermifugal and taenicidal 
properties, and increasing intestinal peristalsis; 
a-re'ca-line or a-re'co-line, an alkaloid, CgHjgNOj, 
used chiefly in the form of the hydrobromate, as 
an anthelmintic, and acting like muscarine. Dose, 
0.004 to 0.006 Gm. to gr.); and a-re'eane, 
an oily, sialagogue, and cathartic alkaloid, 
ar-e-fac'tion. The act of drying; dryness, or the 
state of being dry. [< L. arefa'cere to make dry.] 
a-re'kane. i. =Arecane. 2. =Arecaline. 
a-re'na. Any fine gravelly or calculous matter; 

sabulous material; brain=sand. [L., “ sand.”] 
ar-e-na'tion. The sand-bath: partial immersion 
in sand (usually heated) as a therapeutic meas¬ 
ure. 13 ‘Ammotherapy. [Kh. arena'tiOy ir. are'na 
sand.] 

a-re'o-la, pi. -Ice. i. A ring of pigment, particu¬ 
larly that surrounding the nipple; halo; areola 
papillaris; areola mammae''^. Secondary a., a 
second circle of faint color sometimes seen just 
outside the original areola about the fifth month 
of pregnancy. A. umbilica'lis, the area of pig¬ 
mentation surrounding the umbilicus. 2. The 
red margin of pustules, as a Vaccinal a. 3. Any 
small interstice or minute space between the 
fibres of a tissue. Primary areolae, ^ primary. 
[L., dim. of a'rea.'] fa-re'o-lar, as A. cancer — 
COLLOID cancer: a. choroiditis, choroiditis begin¬ 
ning around the macula lutea and spreading 
toward the periphery: A. pleurisy, pleurisy: 
and A. tissue, that form of connective tissue 
which fills the interstices between the various 
parts of the body; cellular tissue, a-re'o-late. 
ar'e-ole. = Areola, far'e-o-let, a small areola, 
ar-e-om'e-ter. = Areometer. 
ar-e-ot'ic. =ARiEOTic. 

-ares. A suffix added to the stem of a genus name 
to form the name of a suborder: thus, Rosa'res, 
fr. Ro'sa. [T[ Amer. Code of Bot. Nomenclature.] 
Arethu'sa bulbo'sa. An orchidaceous plant, a na¬ 
tive of the United States, the bruised bulbs of 
which are used for cataplasms. 
a-re‘va-re'va. A grave form of skin disease, asso¬ 
ciated with general decay of the vital powers. 
It seems to be peculiar to Polynesia, and to 
drinkers of the beverage called kava. [Tahitian.] 
Arg. Abbr. for L. argen'tum, silver, 
ar'gal, =Argol. 

ar-gam-bly-o'pi a. Amblyopia from disuse. [ < apydq 

idle + AMBLYOPIA.] 

Ar'gas. A genus of ticks. A. mouba'ta, Ornitho- 
do'ros mouba'ta. A. per'sicus, a species causing 
a peculiar disease in Persia. A. reflex'us, the 
pigeon stick.* it sometimes causes severe symp¬ 
toms in man. ^Spiroch.eta gallinarum. 
ar'gel. An asclepiadaceous plant, Solenostem'ma 
ar'ghel, of Syria: its leaves are used to adulterate 
senna. 

ar'ge-ma, -mon. A small white ulcer of the eye, 
described by Hippocrates. [ < apydg white.] 
Argemo'ne. A genus of papaveraceous plants. The 
dried juice of A. mexica'na, or thorn poppy, re¬ 
sembles gamboge. 

ar'ge-nol. An antiseptic and bactericide silver al- 
bumoid containing 10% of silver, 
ar-gen-tal-bu-mi'nose. An organic silver nitrate 
antigonorrhoeic. 

ar-gen-tam'ine. Ethylenediamine silver phosphate, 
corresponding to 10% of silver nitrate: a pro¬ 
prietary antiseptic and astringent. 


ARGENTATION 


82 


ARISTOCHIN 


ar-gen-ta'tion. Staining with some silver compound. 

ar-gen'ti. The genitive case of argentum. A. 
bro'midum, silver bromide, an imofficial salt, 
sometimes used in medicine. Dose, o.o i6 to 0.033 
Gm. (i to ^ gr.). A. chlor'idum, silver chloride, 
or horn silver: unofficial; sometimes used as an 
alterative. Dose, 0.033 to 0.2 Gm. to 3 grs.). 
A. cyan'idum*, silver cyanide, AgCN, a white 
powder, without odor or taste. It has been some¬ 
times used in minute doses as an application to 
the gums, and supposed to be antisyphilitic. It 
is used in making hydrocyanic acid. Dose, 0.001 
to 0.003 Gm. to gr.). A. iodldum, the 1890 
U. S. P. name for silver iodide, Agl, a heavy, amor¬ 
phous, light*yellowish powder, with the medical 
properties of silver nitrate. Dose, 0.033 to 0.12 
Gm. to 2 grs.). A. ni'tras*, silver nitrate, AgNOg, 
colorless, transparent, tabular, rhombic crystals, 
made by acting on silver with nitric acid. It is 
a most important caustic. It is employed as a 
counterirritant, stimulant, and alterative, and as 
an escharotic, and is used internally in inflamma¬ 
tions of the alimentary organs, such as ulcer of 
the stomach, pyloritis, gastritis, and chronic diar¬ 
rhoea. In large doses it is a violent poison : anti¬ 
dote, sodium chloride. Dose, 0.01 Gm. gr.). 
i»-Argyria. a. ni'tras dilu'tus, “diluted silver 
nitrate,” the 1890 U. S. P. name for A. nitras 
MiTiGATUs*. A. ni'tras fu'sus*, moulded silver 
nitrate, a white, hard solid, generally in the form 
of pencils or cones of a fibrous fracture; lunar 
caustic. It acts as a stimulant, vesicant, and 
escharotic. A. ni'tras mitiga'tus*, “ mitigated sil¬ 
ver nitrate,” the argenti nitras dilutum of the 1890 
U. S. P.; lapis mitigatus; mitigated caustic. It 
is a substance consisting of i part of silver nitrate 
and 2 parts of potassium nitrate. It is used ex¬ 
ternally only, and is similar in its action to the 
fused nitrate, but less energetic. A. ox'idum*, 
silver oxide, a heavy, dark brownishsblack pow¬ 
der, Ag^O, produced by precipitating a solution 
of silver nitrate with an alkaline solution. It is 
liable to reduction by exposure to light, is odor¬ 
less, has a metallic taste, and imparts an alkaline 
reaction to water, in which it is slightly soluble. 
It has the general therapeutic virtues of silver 
nitrate without its escharotic effect and has been 
used in dysmenorrhoea, leucorrhoea, and other de¬ 
rangements of the uterine fluxes. Dose, 0.065 Gm. 
(i gr.). A. phos'phas, silver phosphate, an un¬ 
official preparation; may be employed as an alter¬ 
ative. Dose, 0.022 to 0.033 Gm. to ^ gr.). 

ar-gen'tic. i. Pertaining to silver. 2. Containing 
silver as a univalent radical. A. oxide = ar¬ 
genti OXIDUM*. 

ar'gen-tine. Pertaining to or containing silver. 

ar'gen-tol. A compound of silver and oxyquino- 
line; silver quinaseptolate; silver oxyquinoline 
sulphonate: used, as a local astringent and anti¬ 
septic, in I to 1000 or stronger solutions. 

ar'gen-tose. A germicidal and antiseptic compound 
of silver and nucleoproteid (30%). 

ar-gen'tous. Containing silver in an apparent 
quantivalence less than that of argentic com¬ 
pounds. 

ar-gen'tum, gen. argen'H. Silver, the whitest of 
metals. It occurs in the metallic state, and in 
ores of lead. It is employed in pharmacy, 
ch'efly as the nitrate or in organic combination. 
A. Cred^ = collargol. A. folia'tum, silver leaf, 
used for covering pills and in surgery as an anti- 
y’tptic dressing. A. musi'vum = mosaic silver. 


A. vi'vum, fugiti'vum, or li'quidum = mercury. 
[L., fr. apydg white.] 

ar-gil'la. Clay, Kaolinum *. [ L.] far-gil-la'- 
ceous. 

ar'gi-nase. An arginine *=splitting ferment found in 
the liver. 

ar'gi-nine. A basic substance, CgHj^N^Oj, obtained 
from proteins by hydrolytic cleavage; allied to 
creatinine and formed in sprouts of lupine, 
ar'gol. Winesstone, or crude tartar, an acidulous 
concrete salt deposited by wine: used as a mor¬ 
dant. It is impure potassium bitartrate, 
ar'gon. A gaseous element discovered in the at¬ 
mosphere in 1894. At. wt., 39.6; symbol, A. It 
is the most inert element known. [< a priv. 
+ epyov work.] 

ar'go-nin. A soluble compound of silver (4.25%) 
and casein; silver caseinate: used like silver 
nitrate in 0.5 to 5% solution. 

Ar-gyllsRob'ert-son pupil or sign. A pupil which 
does not contract under the influence of light, 
but does contract 
in accommodation; 

Vincent’s sign: seen 
especially in loco¬ 
motor ataxia, but al¬ 
so in cerebral syph¬ 
ilis. Iridople- 

gia. 

ar-gy-raes'cin. An al¬ 
kaloid, C.27H42G 12* ob¬ 
tained from the cot¬ 
yledons of the horses 
chestnut. 

ar-gyr'i a, ar-gy-ri'a- 
sis, ar'gy-rism, ar- 
gy-ro'sis. Discolor¬ 
ation of the skin and 
other tissues, caused 
by the prolonged 
internal use of sil¬ 
ver compounds. [ < 
apyvpog silver.] 
ar'gy-rol. An antisep¬ 
tic compound of sil¬ 
ver (30%) and a proteid; silver vitellin: used as 
an injection in gonorrhoea in 3 to 5% solution, 
a-rheu-mat'ic. Having no rheumatism, 
a-rhe'ol. A proprietary antigonorrhoeic containing 
oil of santal. 

a-rhin-en-ce-pha'li a. = Arrhinencephalia. 
a-rhin'i a. =Arrhinia. 

ar-ho'vin. A proprietary antigonorrhoeic com¬ 
pound of diphenylamine and thymylbenzoic acid 
ester. Dose, 0.25 Cc. (4 mins.) in capsules, 
a-rhyth'mi a. = Arrhythmia. f a-rhyth'mic, 
a-rh)dh'mous. 

A-ri'ca bark. A variety of cinchona bark from 
Arica, in Peru, containing ar'i-cine, an alkaloid, 
923^26^204* resembling cinchonine and quinine, 
ar'id. Dry; parched with heat; destitute of moist¬ 
ure. [< L. ar'tdus dry, barren.] 
ar'il, ar'il-lode. A peculiar exterior coat of some 
seeds: thus, mace is the aril of nutmeg. [< L. 
ariVlus, fr. are're to be dried up.] 
aril'lus myris'ticae. =Macis. 

ar'is-tin. A gold^colored, crystalline substance 
found in several species of Aristolo'chia. 
a-ris'to-chin, a-ris-to-qui'nine. A neutral carbonic» 
acid ester of quinine, CO(C2oH2gN202)2, containing 
96% of quinine; aristoquin; carbonyl quinine: 
tasteless. Dose, same as quinine. 






ARISTOL 


83 

ar'is-tol. =Thymolis iodidum*. 

Axistolo'chia. A genus of shrubs and herbs, of 
which many species have medicinal properties. 
^Guaco; serpentaria*. A. cymbif'era, a 
Mexican variety popularly used as an antidote to 
snake*bite. is-Guachol. A. reticula'ta, a species 
of snakesroot which is indigenous to Louisiana 
and Texas; used in medicine as a tonic. A. ser- 
penta'ria, Serpenta'ria virginia'na, or Virginia 
snake^root; so named because supposed to be an 
antidote to the poison of serpents, Serpen¬ 
taria*. A. tomento'sa, a woody climbing plant 
of the Southern United States; tonic and stimu¬ 
lant. [< apiGTOQ best -f- "kdxta lochia.] 
a-ris-to-lo'chic. Promoting the flow of the lochia. 

A. acid, an acid derived from some varieties of 
Arisiolo'chia. 

a-ris-to-lo'chin. A bitter substance from Aristolo'- 
chia serpenta'ria and other species of the genus, 
a-ris'to-quin. =Aristochin. 

Ar'is-tot-le's experiment. The experiment of cross¬ 
ing two fingers of one hand and rolling a small 
sphere, as a marble, between them, when there 
is a sensation as if two spheres were present, 
a-rith-mo-ma'ni a. i. Insanity marked by anxiety 
about numbers. 2. An obsession (often in neuras¬ 
thenics and children) marked by counting. [ < 
apidfioQ number + pav'ia madness.] 
ar'ky-o-chrome. A nerve*cell in which the chro¬ 
matic elements appear in form of a network. 

[ < apKvg net -t- color.] 

ar'ky-o-stich'o-chrome. A nervescell which has the 
appearance of both an arkyochrome and a 

STICHOCHROME. 

Arltsjaesche’s operation. Transplantation of the 
ciliary bulbs away from the edge of the lids: used 
for distichiasis. 

Arif s operation. A method of performing tenot¬ 
omy. 

arm. The upper extremity from the shoulder to the 
wrist, divided by the elbowsjoint into the arm 
proper and the fojearm; hrachium*. A. centre, 
the motor centre in the cerebral cortex, bordering 
the middle third of the fissure of Rolando and 
governing movements of the arm. A. presenta¬ 
tion, a form of shoulder presentation in which the 
arm drops forward. 

armagnac (ar-man-yac). A choice variety of brandy, 
ar-ma'ri um, ar-ma-men-ta'ri um. A store of med¬ 
icines, instruments, etc. [L., fr. ar'ma arms or 
implements.] 

ar'ma-ture. The iron or coil attracted by the 
magnet of any magnetic or electromagnetic 
apparatus. 

armed bougie. A bougie with a piece of lunar 
caustic fixed in its extremity; caustic bougie, 
armed tapeworm. = Taenia solium. 

Ar-me'nian bole. A pale red^colored earth, used 
as a remedy against aphthae: also used in tooth* 
powders, etc. A. manna, manna. A. naphtha, 

^ NAPHTHALAN. 

ar-mil'la, pi. -Ice. i. The membranous ligaments 
confining the tendons of the carpus. 2. The 
gasserian ganglion. [ L., “ bracelet.”] 
armora'ciae ra'dix. Horseradish*root. ®"Cochle- 

ARIA ARMORACIA. 

arm'pit. = Axilla. 

Arms'by’s operation. The introduction of a seton 
through the hernial sac and the inguinal canal 
for the cure of inguinal hernia. 
arm*to*arm vaccination. Vaccination by direct 
transference of virus from one patient to anothei 


AROMINE 

ar'mus. 1. The shoulder or arm. 2. = Harmony 
[< appog joint.] 

ar'my itch. An eruption on the skin of soldiers, 
accompanied by severe itching. It was preva¬ 
lent in the United States during the Civil War. 
ar-nal'di a. A disease formerly known in England, 
attended with alopecia or baldness, 
ar-nat'to. =Annotto. 

Ar' nica*. A genus of composite plants. 2. The 
U. S. P. name for the dried flower*heads of A. 
monta'na, leopard’s bane; 
arnicas flores of the 1890 
U. S. P. They are stimulant 
in small doses, irritant in 
large, and used in certain 
nervous affections: locally, 
applied to sprains, bruises, 
etc. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). &■ 

Tinctura arnica*, a. plas¬ 
ter = emplastrum ARNICA, 
ar'nicae flo'res. The 1890 U.S.P. 
name for arnica*. A. radix, 
the 1890 U. S. P. name for 
the rhizome and rootlets of 
A. monta'na, having medical 
properties similar to those of Arnica. 

arnica flowers. 

ar'ni-cin. A bitter resin, C^gHgoO^, the active prin¬ 
ciple of Ar'nica monta'na. 

Ar'nold’s bundle. = Arnold’s fasciculus. A.’s 
canal, a canal in the petrous portion of the tem¬ 
poral bone for transmitting Arnold’s nerve. A.’s 
convolution, the inferior posterior convolution of 
the cerebrum. A.’s fasciculus, the frontal tract 
of the crusta. A.’s fold, a crescentic fold of mu¬ 
cous membrane in the lachrymal sac. A.’s gan¬ 
glion, the otic ganglion. A.’s ligament, the sus¬ 
pensory ligament of the incus. A.’s membrane, 
the pigmentary layer of the iris. A.’s nerve, the 
auricular branch of the pneumogastric, supply¬ 
ing the back of the concha of the ear, near the 
mastoid process. A.’s operculum = operculum, 
def. 2. A.’s reaction, narceine. A.’s test, a 
test for diacetic acid with paramido*acetophe- 
none and nitrite, 
ar-not'to. =Annotto. 

Ar'nott’s anaesthesia. A method of producing local 
anaesthesia by the application of a freezing mixt¬ 
ure of ice and salt. A.’s dilator, a dilator for 
urethral strictures, consisting of a cylinder of 
oiled silk to be distended by air or water, 
ar-o-ei'ra. A Brazilian tree, Schi'nus terehinthifo'- 
lia, with antirheumatic bark, leaves, and resin, 
a-ro'ma. A fragrant odor. [ < apoypa spice.] 
ar-o-mat'ic. Odoriferous; having an agreeable 
smell or spicy flavor, as nutmeg, vanilla, sassa¬ 
fras, lavender, wintergreen, cinnamon, cloves, 
etc. A. acid, any acid derived from the ben¬ 
zene group of hydrocarbons. A. elixir = elixir 
AROMATicuM*. A. fluidextract = fluidextrac- 
TUM AROMATICUM*. A. piaster = SPICE PLASTER. 
A. powder = puLvis aromaticus*. A. spirit = 
SPIRITUS AROMATICUS. A. SUlphuric acid = ACI- 
DUM sulphuricum AROMATICUM*. A. tincture 
or vinegar = ACETUM aromaticum. A. wine, a 
wine 100 parts of which contain i part each of 
lavender, origanum, peppermint, rosemary, sage, 
and Vormwood. It was official in the 1880 
U. S. P. fa-ro'ma-tize. a-ro'ma-tized, as A. 
iodoform = iodoformum aromatisatum. 
a-ro'mine. A principle obtainable from urine: so 
called from its fragrance when heated. 





ARRACK 


84 


ARSENIOPHTHISIS 


ar'rack, ar'rak, ar'ack. An intoxicating beverage 
made in India by distilling fermented juice of 
various kinds, but especially one from palm wine, 
rice, and molasses. 

arrecto'res pilo'rum. The minute muscles of the 
skin which produce the appearance termed cu¬ 
tis anserina, or “goose-skin”; musculi arrecto- 
res pilorum*. They are supposed also to raise 
the hairs when one is seized with horror or 
fright. 

ar-res'ted. Stopped; detained: said of the head of 
the child when it is hindered, but not impacted, 
in the pelvic cavity, a distinction of the greatest 
importance. A. development, failure of nutrition 
during the stage of growth, 
ar-res'ting nerve. An inhibitory nerve, 
ar-rhe'a. =Arrhcea. 
ar-rhe'nal. = Neo-arsycodil. 
ar-rhin-en-ce-pha'li a. Congenital absence of one 
or both olfactory lobes. [ < appcg without the 
sense of smell + kyKe(pa 7 i,oq brain.] 
ar-rhin'i a. Congenital absence of the nose. [ < a 
priv. + pff nose.] 

ar-rhoe'a. Suppression or retention of a natu¬ 
ral secretion or discharge. [<a priv.-f po/a 
flow.] 

ar-rhyth'mi a. Lack of rhythm, as in the heart’s 
action. [< « priv. -f pvdp 6 q rhythm.] 
rh 3 rth'mic, -mous. 

ar-ro'sion. The gnawing away of tissues, espe¬ 
cially in vascular walls, by ulceration. A.sulcer, 
an irritating ulcer of the respiratory walls: 
usually tubercular. [< L. arro'dere to gnaw 
away.] 

ar'rowspoi'son. Any one of the poisonous extracts 
used by savage tribes on their arrow-heads. 
c0 -Curare : echugin ; onobaio ; ukambin; 
UPAS. 

ar'rowsroot. The fecula or starch from the root 
of Maranta arundinacea, M. in'dica, Arum 
MACULATUM, and other plants; maranta. 
ar-sac'e-tin. The proprietary preparation, sodium 
acetyl-/6-amino*phenyl-arsonate; acetyl-atoxyl: 
used in the treatment of syphilis and trypanoso¬ 
miasis. Dose, 0.05 to 0.2 Gm. to 3 grs.). 
ar-sa-nil'ic acid. Para-aminophenylarsonic acid. 

^ Atoxyl. far-san'i-late. 
ar'sen-ate. A salt of arsenic acid, 
ar-sen-au'ro. A proprietary antisyphilitic prepara¬ 
tion of the bromides 
of arsenic and gold, 
ar-se-net'ted hydrogen. 

Arsine. 

ar-sen-fer'ra-tose. A 

liquid preparation of 
arsenic (0.003%) and 
ferratin (iron, 0.3%). 
ar'sen-fest. Arsenic 
fast, the ar senic 
being strongly com- 
bined. ^Acid 
FAST. [Ger.] 
ar-sen-gli'din, ar'san. 

A compound of arsenic and glidin. 
ar-sen-hae'mol. Haemol organically combined with 
1% of arsenic trioxide: alterative and haematinic. 
Dose,o.i Gm. (i^ grs.). 

ar'seni iod'idum*. Arsenous iodide, Aslj, glossy, 
orange-red, crystalline masses or • scales with an 
iodine odor and taste and a neutral reaction: used 
internally in lepra, impetigo, and diseases resem- 
blingcancer. Dose, 0.005 Gm. (j^^gr.). ‘^LiQuqR 


ARSENI ET HYDRARGYRI lODIDI*. A. triOxTdum*, 
arsenic trioxide, the acidum arsenosum of the 
1890 U. S. P.: also called arsenous acid; white ar¬ 
senous oxide; arsenicum album (“white arsenic”) ; 
ratsbane; arsenic sesqui-oxide; arsenici album 
oxidum venale; etc. This is the most common 
commercial form of arsenic. The official prep¬ 
aration should contain not less than 99.8% of 
pure arsenic trioxide. It is antiseptic, anti- 
periodic, and alterative, and highly poisonous. 
Dose, 0.002 Gm. (3^^ gr.). 

ar-se-ni'a-sis. Arsenical poisoning; a diseased state 
due to poisoning by arsenic, 
ar-se'niate. = Arsenate. 

arsenic (as a noun, ar's^-ntc; as an adjective, 
^r-sen'fc). 1. A steel-gray, lustrous, brittle me¬ 
tallic element, odorless and tasteless, occurring 
freely in nature, usually combined with sulphur 
or with other metals, or with oxygen, etc. At. 
wt., 74.4; sp. gr., 5.73; symbol. As. It is not 
poisonous in its metallic state but is readily con¬ 
verted into a poisonous oxide, and all its soluble 
compovmds are poisonous, Bettendorff’s 
TEST. 2. =Arseni trioxidum*. 3. Containing 
pentavalent arsenic. A. acid, an acid, H3ASO4, 
formed by warming arsenic trioxide in nitric acid, 
cooling, and then driving off the water of crys¬ 
tallization by heat. It is escharotic and poison¬ 
ous. Its salts are called arsenates. A.:=acid 
anilide = ATOXYL. A. antidote = ferri hydroxi- 
DUM CUM MAGNEsii oxiDo*. A. bromide, AsBrg, 
is given in solution as a remedy in diabetes. Dose, 
0.001 to 0.004 Gm. to gr.). A. chloride, a 
yellowish, oily liquid, AsClg; butter of arsenic: 
used in skin diseases. Dose, 0.001 to 0.004 Gm. 

tV g^-)- disulphide = orpiment, red. 
A.5eating= ARSENicoPHAGY. A. iodide = arseni 
lODiDUM*. A. sulphide, red = orpiment, red. 
A. sulphide, yellow = orpiment, yellow. A. 
tremor, tremor due to arsenical neuritis. A. 
trioxide = ARSENI trioxidum*. A. trisulphide = 
ORPIMENT, YELLOW. [ < L. arsen'tcum, arse'- 
num, or arse'nium, fr. ciparjv masculine, vigor¬ 
ous, in allusion to its strong and acrimonious 
properties.] 

ar-sen'i-cal. Relating to arsenic or arsenous acid. 
A. bath, a warm bath containing a weak solution 
of arsenic: useful in rheumatic affections. A. 
neuritis, neuritis due to arsenical poisoning: 
symptomatically similar to alcoholic neuritis and 
apt to be taken for it. A. paralysis, paralysis 
from arsenical poisoning. A. paste = pate ar- 
SENiCALE. A. rash, a papular eruption on the 
hands, face, and neck, resulting from the contin¬ 
ued use of arsenic. A. ring, a ring produced on 
a glass surface when fumes of arsenic strike 
against it. A. solution = liquor potassii ar- 

SENITIS*. 

arsenica'lis li'quor. = Liquor arsenicalis. 
ar-sen'i-cal-ism, ar'sen-ism, ar-sen'i-cism. =Ar- 

SENIASIS. 

arsen'ici al'bum ox'idum vena'le. The “white 
oxide of arsenic of commerce.” Arseni tri¬ 
oxidum*. 

ar-sen-i-coph'a-gy. The habit of eating arsenic, 
ar-sen'i-cum. = Arsenic. A. al'bum, “ white ar¬ 
senic.” Arseni trioxidum*. 
ar'se-nide. Any compound of arsenic formed di¬ 
rectly with another element or with a radical, 
ar-se-nif'e-rous. Containing or yielding arsenic, 
ar-sen-i-oph'thi-sis. Wasting as the result of ar¬ 
senical poisoning. 



I ) 

^ 7/0 ' 

Octahedral Crystals of Ar¬ 
senous Oxide. (Magnified.) 




ARSENIOUS 


85 


ARTERIO- 


ar-se'ni ous. = Arsenous, far'se-nite. 
ar-se'ni um. = Arsenic. 
ar-sen'iu-ret. = Arsenide. 
ar-sen-iu-ret'ted hydrogen. ^Arsine. 
ar-sen-i-za'tion. The use of arsenical medicines, 
ar-se-no-ben'zol. =Six hundred and six. 
ar-sen'o-blast. The male element of a bisexual 
cell; a masculonucleus. Thelyblast. 
ar-sen'o-ics. Aromatic arsenical bodies held together 
by a double linkage, as in six hundred and six. 
ar-se-noph'a-gy. The practice of eating arsenic, 
ar-se-no-phe-nyl-gly'cin. An atoxyl derivate used 
by Ehrlich in trypanosomiasis; Number “418.” 

Six hundred and six. 
ar-se-no-sal-i-cyl'ic acid. Used like atoxyl, 
ar-se'nous, ar-se'ni ous. Containing trivalent ar¬ 
senic. A. acid or oxide = arseni trioxidum*. 
A. iodide = ARSENI iodidum*. 
arse'ssmart. = Polygonum hydropiper. 
ar'sine. A poisonous gas, AsHg, arseniuretted hydro¬ 
gen, or any organic substitution product of it. 
ar-so-fer'rin. Therap. Neuheiten, ’08.] 
ar-son'ic acid. Arsenic acid in which one of the 
hydroxyls is replaced by an organic radical, 
far'so-nate. c^Arsanilic acid. 
ar-so'ni um. The radical ASH4, which acts in com¬ 
bination like ammonium. 

ar-son-val-i-za'tion. The therapeutic employment 
of alternating currents of high frequency, 
ar-syc'o-dil. A proprietary preparation of sodium 

CACODYLATE. 

Artan'the elonga'ta. = Piper angustifolia. 
ar-tan'thic acid. A crystallizable acid from matico. 
ar'tar root. A drug from West Africa, probably 
from the tree Xanthox'ylum senegalen'se. It con¬ 
tains ar'ta-rine, an alkaloid. C2oHj7N04 or C2iH23- 
NO4, said to resemble veratrine. 
ar'te-fact. In microscopy, any appearance which is 
the result of the chemical or mechanical manipu¬ 
lation of the material under observation. [< L. 
ar'te by art + fac'tum thing made.] 

Artemi'sia. A genus of composite herbaceous or 
shrubby plants. A. abrot'anum, southernwood: 
formerly used as a tonic and as an anthelmintic. 
A. absin'thium, common wormwood; Ahsin'thium 
commu'ne or vulga're. It is a native of Europe, 
has tonic properties, and contains the bitter prin¬ 
ciple ar-tem'i-sin. Absinthium. A. dracun'- 
culus, tarragon, a plant which is used to impart 
a peculiar stimulating flavor to vinegar. A. 
frig'ida, a plant of Western America, used as 
anti periodic, diuretic, and mild cathartic. A. pau- 
ciflo'raor marit'ima, is- santonica*. [ < ’ ApTEjuia'ia 
sacred to Diana, fr. ’'Aprejuig Diana.] 
arte'ria*, pi. -rtce. = Artery. A. as'pera, 
“rough artery,” the trachea or windpipe: so 
called because of the inequalities or roughness of 
its surface. A. cras'sa, “thick artery,” the aorta. 
A. innomina'ta, “unnamed artery,” the first 
branch given off from the aorta, dividing into 
the right carotid and right subclavian arteries. 
A. mag'na, “great artery,” the aorta. A. mal- 
leola'ris ante'rior media'lis* and latera'lis*, is- 
MALLEOLAR ARTERIES. Artc'riaB Tcc'tae, the small 
straight arterial branches supplying the renal 
medulla. Arte'riae veno'sae, “venous arteries,” 
a name sometimes given to the four pulmonary 
veins, because they contain arterial blood. [ L.] 
ar-te'ri-ac, ar-te-ri'a-cal. Pertaining to the arteries 
or windpipe: applied to medicines for disorders 
of the voice or diseases of the windpipe, 
ar-te-ri-ag'ra. Any gouty affection of an artery. 


ar-te'rial. Belonging to an artery. A. aneurism, 
an aneurism of an artery, as distinguished from 
one of a vein or of the heart. A. arches = aortic 
ARCHES. A. blood, the bright red blood of the 
arteries which has been aerated (charged with 
oxygen) in the lungs. A. bulb = bulb of the 
AORTA. A. circle of Willis = circulus arte¬ 
riosus [wiLLisi]*. A. cone = CONUS arterio¬ 
sus*. A. constitution, a plethoric constitu¬ 
tion. A. duct = DUCTUS arteriosus*, a. gland, 
a name applied to the carotid gland and the 
coccygeal gland, because they consist largely 
of a netswork of small arteries. A. hemor¬ 
rhage, hemorrhage directly from an artery. A. 
hexagon of Willis = CIRCULUS arteriosus [wil- 
Lisi]*. A. ligament, relics of the obliterated ductus 
arteriosus *. A. murmur, a murmur heard over 
an artery. A. naevus, one which involves mainly 
arteries. A. palpitation, palpitation of an artery 
occurring along with that of the heart. A. 
pressure, the pressure of the blood in the arte¬ 
ries. A. pyaemia, ulcerative endocarditis. A. 
side {of the heart), the left side of the heart, be¬ 
cause the left auricle and left ventricle receive 
the arterialized blood. A. systole, the retrac¬ 
tion of the arterial wall just after the cardiac 
systole. A. thrill, a thrill felt over an artery. A. 
tonicity, &■ tonicity. A. transfusion, is- trans¬ 
fusion. A. ulcer, an ulcer of the skin, due to 
disease of an artery. A. varix, a varicose state 
of an artery; a cirsoid aneurism. ^ Varix. A. 
wave, a wave present in the tracing of the pul¬ 
sation of the jugular vein, and due to an una¬ 
voidable shock communicated to the instrument 
by the carotid pulse on account of the nearness 
of the carotid artery to the jugular vein, 
ar-te'ri-a-li-za'tion. The change of venous into 
arterial blood. t*ir-te'ri-a-lize. 
ar-te-ri-arc'ti a. Contraction of an arterial lumen, 
ar-te-ri'a-sis. Calcareous or atheromatous change 
of the wall of an artery, 
ar-te-ri-ec'ta-sis. The dilatation of an artery, 
ar-te-ri-ec-to'pi a. Displacement of an artery. [ < 
aprrjpia artery -f EKTOirog out of place.] 
ar-te-ri-i'tis. = Arteritis. 

ar'te-rin. The compound of which oxyhaemoglobin 
is considered to be a constituent in the blood 
during life. 

ar-te'rio-. Relating to an artery: a combining 
form. i^-Angio-; phlebo-. [< Artery.] ar- 
te’ri-o-cap'il-la-ry, relating to arteries and capil¬ 
laries, as A . fibrosis or sclerosis, narrowing of the 
calibre of small arteries and capillaries, caused by 
fibrous formation within the walls.— ar-te’ri-o- 
coc-cyg'e al, relating to arteries and also to the 
coccyx, as A. g/aud = Luschka’s gland. — ar- 
te*ri-o-di-as'ta-sis, the separation from each 
other of the two ends of a divided artery.— ar- 
te*ri-o-fi-bro'sis = arteriocapillary fibrosis. — 
ar-tcTi-o-gan-gli-on'ic system, that part of the 
sympathetic nervous system which supplies the 
arteries.— ar-te'ri-o-gram, the record made by 
an arteriograph.— ar-te'ri-o-graph, i^sfhygmo- 
graph; angiograph. — arteri'ola*, pi. -Ice — 
arteriole. Arteri'olae rec'tae* = ARTERI.E rec- 
t^.— ar-te'riole, a minute arterial branch; 
arteriola*. — ar-te'ri-o-lith, an arterial cal¬ 
culus, formed by the calcification of vascu¬ 
lar thrombi, Phlebolith. — ar-te-ri-oro-gy, 
a treatise on the arteries', the science of 
the arteries.— ar-te'ri-o-ma-la'ci a, morbid soft¬ 
ening, or a morbidly soft condition, of the arte- 


ARTERITIS 


86 


ARTHRO- 


rial coat.— ar-teTi-om'e-ter, an instrument for 
measuring the changes in the calibre of a pulsa¬ 
ting artery.— ar-te*ri-o-pal'mus, throbbing of an 
artery.— ar-te-ri-op'a-thy, ‘ any diseased condi¬ 
tion of an artery.— ar-teTi-o-phle-bot'o-my, 
bloodletting by scarification.— ar-te'ri-o-pi-es'- 
ter, an instrument for compressing an artery.— 
ar-tcTi-o-pla'ni a, the taking of an unusual or 
abnormal course by an artery.— ar-teTi-o-re'nal, 
relating to the bloodsvessels of the kidney.— 
ar-te’ri-or'rha-phy = Matas’s operation. — ar- 
te'ri-or-rhex'is, rupture of an artery.— ar-teTi- 
‘O-scle-ro'sis, sclerosis or hardening of the walls 
of an artery, especially of the intima. tar-te*ri- 
o-scle-rot'ic, as A. kidney, a small contracted 
kidney resulting from sclerosis of the renal ar¬ 
teries: and A. vertigo, vertigo due to imperfect 
nutrition of the brain consequent on arterioscle¬ 
rosis of the cerebral vessels.— ar-te-ri-os'i-ty, 
that condition in which the blood of the systemic 
veins has the character of arterial blood.— ar- 
te’ri-o-ste-no'sis, the contraction of an artery.— 
ar-te’ri-os-to'sis, ossification of an artery.— ar- 
te'ri-o-strep'sis, the twisting or torsion of an ar¬ 
tery to prevent the escape of blood.— ar-te*ri- 
o-thlip'sis, injury of an artery by pressure or 
bruising.— ar-te'ri-o-tome, a cutting instrument 
employed in arteriotomy.— ar-te-ri-ot'o-my, the 
cutting into, dividing, or opening of an artery. 

Phlebotomy. — ar-te*ri-o-trep'sis = arterio- 
STREPSis.— ar-te*ri-o-ve'nous, pertaining to both 
arteries and veins, as A. =aneurismal 

VARix: and A. murmur, a murmur heard over an 
artery and a vein that communicate. — ar-te'ri- 
o-ver'sion = aerteriversion. far-te’ri-o-ver'ter. 
ar-te-ri'tis. Inflammation of an artery. A. defor'- 
mans, chronic endarteritis. A. oblit'erans, arte¬ 
ritis which results in the closure or obliteration 
of the lumen of the vessel. [ < apTrjpta artery.] 
ar-te-ri-ver'sion. = Aerteriversion. 
ar'te-ry. Any one of the vessels by which the blood 
is conveyed from the heart to the organs and 
members of the body; arteria*. Arteries are 
composed of three coats: (i) the external (tu¬ 
nica externa {adventitia}*), (2) the middle (tunica 
media*), and (3) the internal (tunica intima*). 

Vein. In this dictionary the individual arte¬ 
ries are for the most part entered under the ad¬ 
jectival titles, as carotid artery under carotid. 
A.sclaw = A.sforceps. A.=constrictor, an instru¬ 
ment for constricting an artery by compression. 



A.sforceps, a forceps for seizing or compressing 
an artery; haemostatic clamp. [ < L. arte'ria, fr. 
drjp air -f rr/peiv to keep, the arteries having been 
supposed by the ancients to contain air.] 
ar-than'i-tin. An irritant, poisonous glucoside, 
C2 oH340io. found in the tubers of Cyc'lamen euro- 
pce'um; cyclamin. 

ar'thi-gon. A proprietary serum for gonorrhoea, 
ar-thrae'mi a. The congested condition of a joint. 
ar-thragTa. = Arthritis. 

ar'thral. Pertaining to a joint (arthron); articular. 
,ar-thral'gia. Neuralgic pain of a joint; gout or 
rheumatism; arthropathy. A. hyster'ica, neu¬ 
ralgia of the joints in hysterical women. A. sat- 


urni'na, arthralgia due to chronic lead poisoning 
[< apdpov joint + d?u-yog pain.] tar-thral'gic. 
ar-threc-ta'si a. Distention of a joint=cavity. [< 
apdpov joint + £/crG(TEC stretching out.] 
ar-threc'to-my. Excision of a joint, or particularly 
of the soft tissues of a joint without interfering 
with the bones. 

ar-threl-co'sis. Ulceration of a joint. [ < apdpov 
joint + e?i,KOGig ulceration.] 
ar-threm-bo'li a. Reposition of luxations. [< apdpov 
joint + £v in -f/Sail/leEP to throw.] 
ar-thre'mia. =Arthr^mia. 
ar'threm-phyte. • = Arthritolith. 
ar-threm-py-e'sis. Suppuration in a joint. [ < apdpov 
joint + eiJi'Kvrjaig suppuration.] 
ar'thric. Arthral; articular, 
ar'thri-fuge. A remedy good for gout, 
ar-thrit'i-cin. A proprietary antarthritic. 
ar-thri'tis. Inflammation of a joint: a term gen- 
erically used to signify any disease involving a 
joint, but more correctly confined to inflammation 
implicating all the joint tissues. Arthrocace ; 
podagra; synovitis. Acute a., arthritis running 
a rapid course with swelling, pain, redness, and 
fever. It may be due to gout (Acute gouty a.), 
rheumatism (Acute rheumatic a.), gonorrhoea, trau¬ 
matism, etc. A. ato'nica = podagra atonica. 
Atrophica. =Charcot’s joint disease. Chron¬ 
ic a., arthritis running a slow course. A. defor'- 
mans, rheumatoid arthritis resultingin marked 
deformity. A. erra'tica = podagra aberrans. 
A. fungo'sa, tuberculous disease of the joints. 
Gelatinous a. = white swelling. Gonorrhoeal 
a. =GONORRHCEAL RHEUMATISM. A. nodo'sa = 
A. DEFORMANS. A. pau'peilim = RHEUMATOID 
ARTHRITIS. A. planet'ica, rheumat'ica, or va'ga, 
other names for wandering or erratic gout. ^ 
Podagra. A. regula'ris = podagra regularis. 
A. retrogra'da = podagra retrograda. Rheu¬ 
matoid a., la- rheumatoid. A. sic'ca=RHEUMA- 
TOID ARTHRITIS. Suppurative a., arthritis marked 
by purulent effusion into the joint, with disinte¬ 
gration of the parts, and attended with acute in¬ 
flammatory symptoms. Syphilitic a., a form of 
arthritis seen in tertiary syphilis, due to the 
presence of gummata. Traumatic a., arthritis 
resulting from wounds or other injuries. Tuber¬ 
cular a., arthritis caused by tubercle bacilli and 
producing gradual disintegration of the joint. 
A. u'rica or ve'ra = gout. A. vertebra'lis, arthri¬ 
tis affecting the intervertebral articulations and 
often leading to ankylosis and neuritis. A. vis- 
cera'lis, gout of internal organs alternating with 
attacks on the joints. [< apdpov joint.] f^r- 
thrit'ic, as A, asthma, asthma combined with gout: 
A. atrophy, wasting of the muscles which move a 
joint, due to inflammation of the joint either from 
injury or from disease: A. calculus, a gouty con¬ 
cretion; an arthritolith: A. fever, fever accom¬ 
panying gout: A. = arthralgia: A. 

ophthalmia = GhAvcoM a: and A. ring, sl ring of 
injected blood-vessels around the margin of the 
cornea, sometimes seen in iritis; sclerotic zone, 
ar'thri-tism. The rheumatic or the gouty diathe¬ 
sis ; a tendency to arthritis, 
ar-thrit'o-lith. Any gouty calculus or chalky de-. 
posit, especially in the joints, as in arthritis 
deformans; arthremphyte. ^Corpora libera 
articulorum. 

ar'thro-. Relating to a joint: a combining form. 
[ < apdpov joint.] ar’thro-bac-te'ri um, a bacterium 
which is reproduced by the breaking off of joint 










ARTHRO- 


87 


ARTIFACT 


from itself instead of by spores.— ar-throc'a-ce. 

1. An ulcerated condition or caries of the cavity 
of a joint; caries fimgosa artuum. 2. = Spina 
VENTOSA, A. coia'rum, hip*joint disease.— ar*- 
thro-ca-col'o-gy, the sum of what is known re¬ 
garding the diseases of joints. — ar'thro-cele, 
tumor of a joint.— ar’thro-chon-dri'tis, phlogosis 
or inflammation of the cartilaginous parts of a 
joint.— ar-thro-cla'sis, -cla'si a, the surgical break¬ 
age of an ankylosed joint for the restoration of its 
lost function.— ar-thro-de'sis, the formation of an 
artificial ankylosis of a joint.— ar-thro'di a*, an 
articulation admitting of motion on all sides by a 
gliding motion of one articular surface upon an¬ 
other ; a variety of diarthrosis, far-thiro'di al, as 
A. joint. — ar-thro-dyn'i a = arthralgia. — ar*- 
throsem-py-e'sis = arthrempyesis.— ar-throg'e- 
nous, forming a joint, as an A. spore. — ar-throg'- 
ra-phy, a description of the joints.— ar-thro-gry- 
po'sis. I. Permanent or unyielding flexure of a 
joint. 2. = Carpopedal spasms. 3. Any teta¬ 
ny or tetanoid spasm of the extremities.— ar- 
thro-klei'sis, artificial ankylosis by resection: 
done in muscular paralysis or contractions.— ar*- 
thro-le-pro'sis, leprosy that especially affects the 
joints. — ar'thro-lith = arthritolith. — ar'thro- 
li-thi'a-sis = GouT. — ar-throl'o-gy, a treatise on 
the joints; syndesmology.— ar*thro-men-in-gi'tis 
= SYNOVITIS. — ar'thron, any joint or articulation. 

— ar-thron'cus. i. A distinct cartilaginous body 
such as sometimes forms within the knee*joint. 

2. Tumefaction of a joint.— ar*thro-neu-ral'gi a, 
neuralgia of a joint.— ar-thro-pa-ral'y-sis, paraly¬ 
sis of a limb or the limbs.— ar-throp'a-thy. i. 
Any disease of the joints; arthralgia. 2. An af¬ 
fection of the shouldersjoint, with violent pain 
and swelling of the brachial portion. 3. A mor¬ 
bid condition of joints, due to disease of the ner¬ 
vous system. Charcot’s joint disease ; 
TABETIC A. — ar*thro-pe-ris'si a, the possession of 
an abnormally large number of joints, limbs, or 
members.— arffhro-phlo-go'sis, inflammation of a 
joint, in general. Arthritis ; arthrocace ; 
synovitis. — ar-thro-phly'sis, a kind of ec¬ 
zema which may accompany gout or rheuma¬ 
tism. — ar-thro-phy'ma, swelling of a joint, 
or tumor in a joint.— ar'thro-phyte, a growth 
of the structures of a joint into the joint* 
cavity; arthrolith.— ar'thro-plas-ty, any plastic 
operation upon a joint; making an artificial 
joint. ^ Osteoplasty. f ar-thro-plas'tic. — 
Arthrop'oda, a phylum of invertebrates compris¬ 
ing those animals having a metameric segmenta¬ 
tion like that of the higher worms, but distin¬ 
guished from the latter by the fact that they 
have a pair of jointed appendages upon each 
typical segment. Its chief classes are the crus¬ 
taceans, myriapods, true insects, and arach¬ 
nids. t ar-throp'o-dous. — ar*thro-py-o'sis, pus 
in a joint; synovitis purulenta.-:—ar-thro-rheu'ma- 
tism, articular rheumatism.—ar-thro'si a, articular 
inflammation.— ar-thro'sis, articulation or con¬ 
nection by joints.— ar'thro-spore, a spore formed 
between two bacteria of a chain and exterior to 
each. ^Endospore. — ar-thro-ste-i'tis, inflam¬ 
mation beginning in the bony structure of a 
joint.— ar*thro-ste-no'sis, contraction of a joint. 

— ar-thro-sym'phy-sis, ankylosis of a joint.—- ar- 
thro-sy'rinx, a fistulous opening extending into 
the cavity of a joint.— ar-throt'o-my. i. The 
surgical opening of a joint. 2. Less correctly, 
ARTHRECTOMY. far'thro-tomc.— ar-thro-ty'phoid, 


typhoid fever in which the initial symptoms 
resemble those of articular rheumatism.— 
ar*thro-xe-ro'sis = arthritis deformans. — ar*- 
throx-e'sis, the scraping of fimgoid material from 
articular surfaces. 

Ar'thus and Hu'ber’s test. A test for trypsin by 
the formation of tyrosin from a solution contain¬ 
ing fibrin. 

ar'ti-ad. A chemical element whose valency is ex¬ 
pressed by an even number: the word is also used 
adjectively. [< dprtof even.] 
ar'ti-cle. Any one of the segments of a jointed 
series; an interarticular segment. [ < L. artic'u- 
lus a joint.] 

ar-tic'u-lar. Relating to joints: applied to arteries, 
nerves, muscles, etc., connected W'ith the joints. 
A. arteries, the arterial branches supplying the 
various articulations. Those connected with the 
larger joints are usually derived from more than 
a single source, and consequently sometimes es¬ 
tablish important anastomoses, as in the case of 
the elbow and the knee. A. calculus = arthritic 
calculus, a. capsule, the ligamentous expan¬ 
sion around a joint, Capsular ligament. 
A. cartilage, the hyaline cartilage covering the 
articular ends of bones; cartilago articularis *. 
A. disk = triangular fibrocartilage. A. emi¬ 
nence =eminentia ARTICULARIS. A. endsbulbs, 
oval and rounded endsbulbs in the synovial 
membrane of certain joints. A. facet, the articu¬ 
lating surface of a bone. A. head, the head of a 
bone, by which it articulates with another bone. 
A. lamella, the layer of compact tissue between a 
bone and its articular cartilage. A. leprosy = 
LEPRA MUTILANS. A. muscle of the knee = gUB- 
cRUR^us. A. osteitis, osteitis of the articular 
end of a bone only. A. process, a process pro¬ 
jecting from the arch of a vertebra, by which it 
articulates with the arch above or below, ar 
Vertebra. A. rheumatism, rheumatism of the 
joints. A. synovial membrane, synovial mem¬ 
brane. [< L. articula'ris, fr. artic'ulus joint.] 
articula'ris. = Articular. A. ge'nu, this term 
and the term subcrureus have been applied to a 
few detached muscular fibres frequently foimd 
under the lower part of the crureus and attached 
to the synovial sac of the knee*joint. A. mor'- 
bus = ARTHRITIS. [ L.] 
articula'tio*, pi. -tio'nes. — Articulation. 
ar-tic-u-la'tion. i. The fastening together of the 
various bones of the skeleton in their natural 
situation; a joint. ^ Joint. Articulations are 
immovable (synarthrosis), movable (diarthro- 
sis), and mixed (amphiarthrosis). False a. i.= 
PsEUDARTHROSis. 2. In dentistry, the state or 
condition in which artificial teeth are so arranged 
that the various positions in the mouth are 
accommodated. 3. The distinct utterance of 
syllables or words. [< L. artic'ulus joint.] 
tic'u-late, ar-tic'u-la-ted, as A. ligature = tc^A- 
SEUR. ar-tic'u-la-tor. i. A device for the cure 
or prevention of stammering. 2. One who artic¬ 
ulates skeletons. 3. A dental instrument used 
in the setting and articulating of artificial teeth, 
ar-tic'u-la-tive, as A. paralysis, that due to lesion 
of Broadbent’s utterance centre in the brain, 
ar-tic'u-la-to-ry, as A. kincesthetic centre, the cere¬ 
bral centre for motor memories: situated in the 
third frontal convolution, 
artic'ulo mor'tis. In or at the point or moment 
of death. [ L.] 
ar'ti-fact. = Artefact. 


ARTIFICIAL 


88 


ASARUM 


ar-ti-fi'cial. Made by art; not natural. A. abor¬ 
tion, GF- ABORTION. A. alkaloid, an alkaloid made 
by a chemical process. A. anatomy, is- anatomy. 
A. ankylosis == arthrodesis. A. antitoxin, an 
antitoxin prepared by passing an electric current 
through a toxic bouillon. A. anus, an opening 
made in the parietes of the abdomen, through 
which the faeces are discharged during life; also, 
an opening made in the natural situation in 
cases of imperforate anus. A. camphor = pinene 
HYDROCHLORIDE. A. CTOwn, a crown of metal 
or porcelain, or both, for adjusting upon the 
root of a natural tooth. A. diabetes, diabetes 
produced by puncturing the floor of the fourth 
ventricle of the brain. A. eye, a hollow hemi¬ 
sphere, usually made of enamel, so as to present 
the appearance of the natural eye. A. fecunda¬ 
tion, fecundation induced by mechanically in¬ 
jecting semen into the vagina or uterus. A. 
feeding, feeding of an infant with substances 
other than the mother’s milk. A. gum, dextrin. 
A. immunity, ts- immunity. A. joint, a fracture 
in which the broken ends of the bone become 
rounded and smooth and connected by a fibrous, 
ligamentous substance; a false joint. A. labor, 
labor produced or promoted by mechanical or 
other means. A. leech, a small cupping glass. 
A. magnet, magnet. A. musk = musk baur. 
A. oil of bitter almond = nitrobenzole. A. 
palate, a plate of some hard material inserted 
to close a fissure in the palate. A. prolapse, the 
drawing down of a part, as the uterus, for the 
purpose of examination or of treatment. A. 
pupil, the result of an operation for overcoming 
the effect of adhesions or permanent contraction 
of the iris. A. respiration, production of the 
movements of respiration by outside influence. 
IS-Howard’s, Laborde’s, Pacini’s, Schafer’s, 
Schultze’s, and Silvester’s methods. A. 
salts, ^SAL carolinum factitium; sal kissin- 
gen factitium; sal vichyanum factitium. a. 
serum, a solution containing albumin, various 
salts, etc., used in intravenous and intraperitoneal 
injections. A. urticaria = dermatographism. A. 
velum, a flexible vulcanite appliance for treating 
soft palate fissures. A. vitreous, is- vitreous. 
[ < L. artificia'lis, fr. ar'te by art -f fa'cere to make.] 
Artocar'pus. A genus of urticaceous trees. The 
fruit of A. inci'sa, the bread-fruit tree, contains 
the alkaloid, ar-to-car'pine. 
arffo-pce-op-so'ra. == Bakers’ itch. [< aproTroidf 
baker-|-i/^wpa itch.] 

A'rum. A genus of araceous plants. The root of 
A. dracon'tium is stimulant, antispasmodic, and 
narcotic. A. macula'turn of Europe has a root 
from which a starch is made called Portland 
arrow==root or sago. The dried root of A. triphyl'- 
lum, or Indian turnip, is used in rheumatism, 
chronic catarrh, bronchitis, etc. 
ar*y-ar-y-tae-noi'de us. = Aryt.enoideus. 
ar’y-ep-i-glot'tic (ar-y-tae'nosep-i-glot-tid'i an) fold 
or ligament. A fold of mucous membrane extend¬ 
ing between the summit of the arytenoid cartilage 
and the lateral border of the epiglottis on each 
side, and forming the side of the aperture of the 
larynx; plica aryepiglottica*. 
a'ryl-. A prefix denoting a substituted hydroxyl in 
arsenic acid, as in a-ryl-ar'so-nate, an aromatic 
arsonate. Arsanilic acid. 
ar‘y-san-to-rin'i an ligaments. Ligamentous bands 
joining the cornicula laryngis and the arytenoid 
cartilages. 


ar-y-taB*nosep-i-glot-tid'e us. Either of two mus¬ 
cles which extend from the arytenoid cartilages 
to the epiglottis and constrict the upper orifice of 
the larynx; M. aryepiglotticus*. A thin layer of 
fibres closely investing the inner side of the laryn¬ 
geal sac is known as the compressor sacculi laryn¬ 
gis, and also as Hilton's muscle. 
ar’y-tae-noi'de us. A muscle extending from one of 
the arytenoid cartilages to the other on their 
posterior surfaces. 

ar-y-te'noid. Resembling the mouth of a pitcher. 
A. cartilage, either one of the two triangular car¬ 
tilaginous bodies of the larynx, which in their 
natural situation resemble the mouth of a pitcher; 
cartilago aryiaenoidea *. A. glands, muciparous 
glands situated in front of the arytenoid carti¬ 
lages. A. ligaments, inferior, the false vocal cords. 
A. muscle = ARYT.ENOIDEUS. [< apvTaiva-pitcheT 
-I- eldog form.] 

ar*y-te-noi-dec'to-my. Surgical excision of an ary¬ 
tenoid cartilage. 

aj'y-te-noi'de us. = ARYTiENOiDEUS. 
ar‘y-te-noi-di'tis. Inflammation of the arytenoid 
cartilages. 

a-ryth'mi a. = Arrhythmia. 

As. I. The symbol for arsenic. 2. Abbr. for 
ASTIGMATISM, 
a'sa dul'cis. = Benzoin. 

as-a-foe'ti-da*, as-a-fet'i-da, gen.-dtr. The gum-resin 
obtained from the root of Fer'ula fce'tida and prob¬ 
ably other species of Fer'ula. It occurs in masses 
and in tears. Asafoetida is a powerful antispas¬ 
modic and a stimulant expectorant and laxa¬ 
tive. From its uniting antispasmodic and ex¬ 
pectorant virtues, it often proves useful in 
spasmodic pectoral affections and in spasms of 
the stomach and bowels. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 
grs.). I^EmULSUM ASAFCETID.E*; PILULE ASA- 
FCETiD^*; TiNCTURA ASAFCETiD.®*. A. enema, 

enema. A. milk or mixture = EMULSUM asa- 
FCETiDiE. A. plaster, a plaster made from asa¬ 
foetida, 35 parts; lead plaster, 35 parts; galba- 
num, 15 parts ; yellow wax, 15 parts ; alcohol, 120 
parts: applied over the abdomen or stomach in 
cases of hysteria attended with flatulence. [ < N. 
L. a'sa gum + fce'tidus fetid.] 

Asagrae'a oflScina'lis. A liliaceous plant a native of 
Mexico. It produces sabadilla. [In honor of 
the botanist Asa Gray.] 

a-saph'a-tum. = Comedo. [< daa<^riq obscure: 

because of their deceptive appearance.] 
a-sa-phi'a. Defective utterance; a want of clear¬ 
ness of articulation. [< obscure.] 

as'a-prol. Calcium betanaphtholalphamonosul- 
phonate, Ca(CjoHg.OHS03)2; abrastol. It is a 
white powder, soluble in water, having antisep¬ 
tic, antirheumatic, and antipyretic properties, 
and is used in rheumatism and typhoid fever. 
Dose, 0.5 to I Gm. (8 to 15 grs.). 
as‘a-ra-bac'ca. =Asarum europium. 
a-sar'cia. Emaciation; extreme leanness or thin¬ 
ness of flesh. [< a priv. -f uapf flesh.] 

As'arum. A genus of stemless aristolochiaceous 
herbs, having aromatic pungent root-stocks. A.» 
camphor, i^A. europium. A. canaden'se, Can¬ 
ada snake-root, or wild ginger. The root is 
sometimes used as a substitute for ginger, and 
from it is prepared the syrupus asari composi- 
Tus. A. europae'um, the plant asarabacca. From 
its volatile oil are obtained as'a-rene, a terpene, 
CjoHjg; as'a-rin, a neutral substance, CjgHjgOa; 
and as'a-rol, CjgHjgO, isomeric with bomeol. 


ASBESTOS 


89 


ASCOCOCCUS 


The root contains as'a-ron, as*a-rumscam'phor, 
or as'a-rin, a bitter crystalline com¬ 

pound. Dose, as an emetic and cathartic, 3 Gm. 
(45 grs.); as an errhine, 0.06 Gm. (2 grs.). 

as-bes'tos. A fibrous magnesian and calcic silicate. 
Incombustible paper, cloths, cement, etc., are 
prepared from it. It has a limited use in surgery 
and dentistry. A. scall, seborrhoea of the head. 
[< aa/Searog unslaked lime.] 

as'bo-lin. An oily and acrid substance obtained 
from wood^soot; fuligin: used in tuberculosis. 
[< aajio'kT] soot.] 

As'caris, pi. ascar'ides. A genus of parasitic nema¬ 
tode worms found in the intestine of man and ani¬ 
mals. A. ca'nis=A. MYSTAx. A. lumbricoi'des, the 
common intestinal worm 
found especially in chil¬ 
dren: it resembles the 
earthworm. A. mys'tax, 
a species found in cats, 
dogs, etc.: rarely in man. 

A. pellu'cida = Thelazia 
RHODESi. A. vermicula'ris 
= OXYURIS VERMICULA- 
Ris. [< aoKapig.] f as- 
car'i-cide, an agent or 
medicine to destroy ascar- 
ides. as'ca-rid, an indi¬ 
vidual of the genus Asca- 
Ris. as-ca-ri-di'a-sis, as- 
ca-ri'a-sis, ill health due 
to ascarides. 

as-cen'ding. Moving ceph- 
alad or centrad; having 
an upward direction. A. 
aorta, the portion of the 
arch of the aorta arising 
directly from the left ven¬ 
tricle of the heart; aorta 
ascendens *. A. . cerebel¬ 
lar tract, CEREBELLAR 
TRACT. A. current = CEN¬ 
TRIPETAL CURRENT. A. 
degeneration, wallerian de¬ 
generation affecting cen¬ 
tripetal nervesfibres. A. 
frontal convolution, la- 

FRONTAL CONVOLUTION. A. 

meningitis, meningitis. 

ANABOLISM. A. nephritis, NEPHRITIS. A. neu¬ 
ritis, neuritis in which the inflammation tends to 
extend up the nerve trunk toward the brain or 
spinal cord. A. palatine artery, ^palatine 
ARTERY. A. paralysis, paralysis affecting first the 
lower limbs and then gradually advancing upward. 
1^ Landry’s paralysis. A. parietal convolution, 
^ PARIETAL CONVOLUTION. A. pharyngeal artery, 
PHARYNGEAL ARTERY. A. radicle, the fibres of 
the fornix running upward from the corpora albi- 
cantia. A. ramus, i. (Of the pubic bone.) The 
horizontal ramus of the pubic bone. 2. (Of the 
ischium.) The portion of the ischium between the 
tuberosity and the acetabulum. A. root. i. (Of 
the auditory nerve.) Those fibres of the auditory 
nerve which have their origin at the middle line 
of the oblongata. 2. (Of the fifth nerve.) Those 
fibres of the sensory portion of the fifth nerve 
which arise in the gelatinous substance of 
the medulla oblongata. 3. (Of the vagus.) = Soli¬ 
tary FASCICULUS. A. thyroid artery, thyroid 
ARTERY. A. tract. I. Any nervous tract that 
undergoes ascending degeneration when injured. 



Ascaris lumbricoides. 
— a. Head. b. Hinder 
sexual end of male, 
c. Egg. d. Male. (v. 
Jaksch.) 

A. metamorphosis — 


2. =Gowers’s tract, a. vessels, those bloods 
vessels which carry the blood upward. 

ascen'sus mor'bi. The “ ascent (or increase) of a 
disease.” A. u'teri, an abnormally high position 
of the uterus. [ L.] 

Asch’s operation. The correction of a septal deflec¬ 
tion by making a crucial incision through it with 
two cuts of a scissorslike instrument, and forci¬ 
bly fracturing the four flaps thus formed. These 
are then returned to the median plane, com¬ 
pressed with forceps and retained by splints. 

Ascherson’s vesicles (ash'er-spnz). Small vesicles, 
consisting of a drop of oil surrounded by a layer 
of albumin, formed when oil and any liquid albu¬ 
min are shaken together. 

as-chet-u-re'sis. An irresistible desire to urinate. 
[< aaxcTog irresistible + ovprjoig urination.] 

as-chis-to-dac'ty-lus. One whose fingers are not 
separated from each other. [< acx^cTog undi¬ 
vided -f daKTvTiog finger.] tas-chis-to-dac'ty-ly. 

as'ci a. Any one of various spiral bandages. 

as-ci'tes. An accumulation of serous fluid in the 
peritoneal cavity; hydroperitoneum; dropsy of 
the peritoneum; dropsy of the belly. It is char¬ 
acterized usually by the presence of a clear, yel¬ 
low ascitic fluid, which may, however, be chylous, 
dark, or hemorrhagic; and by a fluctuant swelling 
of the abdomen, giving rise to a dull percussion* 
note. IS" Hydrops. A. adipo'sus, ascites in 
which the effused fluid contains oil globules sus¬ 
pended in it. A. chylo'sus, ascites in which the 
fluid is milky, due to rupture of a lacteal vessel. 
A. hepatocys'ticus, dropsy of the galLbladder. 
Hydraemic a., that due to or associated with hy¬ 
dremia. Pseudochylous a., a form in which the 
ascitic fluid resembles chyle but does not contain 
fat. A. sacca'tus, dropsy occurring in cysts. A. 
uteri'nus = hydrometra. [< aaKtTTjg, fr. aoKog a 
leather sack.] t^is-cit'ic. 

Ascle''pias. i. A genus of asclepiadaceous plants. 
From several species and other allied plants the 
poisonous, bitter glucoside as-cle-pi'a-din, used 
sometimes as a purgative and emetic, is obtained; 
and from it, in turn, as'cle-pin, an ilLsmelling 
alterative, diaphoretic, and cathartic principle. 
2. The 1890 U. S. P. name for pleurisy root, the 
root of Ascle'pias tubero'sa, which is used as an ex¬ 
pectorant and diaphoretic in catarrh, rheumatism, 
and pectoral affections. It is said to be also 
gently tonic. It is given in powder and decoction 
or infusion. Dose of powder, i to 4 Gm. (15 to 
60 grs.). ExTRACTUM ASCLEPIADIS FLUIDUM. 
The root contains as-clep'i-din, an active deob¬ 
struent. A. cornu'ti, silksweed: called also milk* 
weed. Of this plant the bark of the root is given 
in powder for asthma and other pulmonary affec¬ 
tions. The juice furnishes as-cle'pi one, a resi¬ 
nous crystalline substance, CooHg^Oj, allied to 
lactucone. A. curassav'ica, a plant of the West 
Indies, called Bastard ipecacuanha. Its root and 
expressed juice are emetic, and are said to be also 
vermifuge. Dose of root, 1.3 to 2.6 Gm. (20 to 
40 grs.). A. tubero'sa, i^Asclepias, def. 2. [< 

'AaKTiTj'KLdg, Aesculapius, the god of medicine.] 

Ascococ'cus. A genus of Schizomyce'tes, with round 
or ovoid cells, forming colonies of gelatinous 
character in large but irregular masses, the cells 
being small and colorless, Micrococcus. A. 
billro'thi is found in putrefying meat and pro¬ 
duces fermentation. A. cantabridgen'sis occurs 
in the mouth. A. cit'reus is found in the skin in 
seborrhoea. [ < aoKdg bag -I- kSkkoc berry.] 








ASCOIDEUM 

Ascoi'deum. A genus of Injuso'ria, species of which 
have been found in faeces of typhoid fever pa¬ 
tients. [ < aoKdg bag + eldof resemblance.] 
Ascomyce'tes. A group of ftmgi, as moulds, ergot, 
etc., in which the spores (as'co-spores) are formed 
within the club*shaped sacs (asc-C) of the fruiting 
surface. [< acKdg pouch -f- /xiiKtig mushroom.] 
as'cus, pi. as'ci. The characteristic sporangium of 
certain Ascomycetes. [< aaKdg bag.] 

Ascy'nim crux an'dreae. An herb which yields a 
discutient remedy; Saint Andrew’s cross, 
a-seb-o-tox'in. A poisonous glucoside obtainable 
from Androm'eda japon'ica. 
a-se'cre-to-ry. Lacking secretion; dry. 
a-seriine. A base, C25H32N^, found in cod=liver oil. 
Large doses cause symptoms of poisoning. [< 
L. asel'lus codfish.] 

A-sel'li’s pancreas. The head of the pancreas when 
separated from the rest of the viscus. 
a-se-ma'si a. Loss of power of expression, either 
by language or by signs. [ < a priv. + arf/Liaola 
signalling.] 

a-se'mi a. Inability to form or to understand 
either speech or signs; asymbolia. Aphasia. 
A. graph'ica, inability to form or to understand 
writing. A. mim'ica, inability to make or to 
understand actions as signs of thought. A. ver- 
ba'lis, inability to speak or to understand speech. 
[< a priv. -f GTjfia sign.] 
a-sep'sin. =Antisepsin. 

a-sep'sis. The absence of septic or pathogenic 
materials; exclusion of diseasesgerms and other 
causes of septic poisoning. (^Antisepsis; sep¬ 
sis. [< a priv. + fa-sep'tic, as A. fever, 

surgical fever from aseptic wounds, probably due 
to the product of leucocytic disintegration (o- 
SURGICAL fever; SEPTIC FEVER): A. ligature, a 
ligature rendered aseptic by heat or by soaking 
it in some germicidal solution: and A. surgery = 
ANTISEPTIC SURGERY. a-sep*tic*an-ti-sep'tic, both 
aseptic and antiseptic, a-sep'ti-cism, the strict 
preservation of the asepticity of wounds and of 
the articles employed in their treatment, a-sep- 
tic'i-ty, the quality of being aseptic, a-sep'ti-ci- 
za-ble, a-sep'tiz-a-ble. a-sep'ti-cize. 
a-sep'tin. A food*preservative composed of boric 
acid, borax, and alum. 

a-sep'ti-nol. i. An ointment of zinc oxide, re'sor- 
cin, etc. 2. A dusting=powder composed of 
boric acid, menthol, eucalyptol, etc. 
a-sep'tol. An aqueous solution containing 333% of 
orthophenolsulphonic acid, CgHgO^S; sozolic acid: 
antiseptic. Dose, 0.6 to 1.3 Gm. (10 to 20 grs.); 
also externally in i to 10% solution, 
a-sep'to-lin. A proprietary preparation of pilo¬ 
carpine phenate: used in tuberculosis and ma¬ 
laria. Hypodermic dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.) of a 
0.02% aqueous solution to which 2.75% of 
phenol is added. 

a-sex'ual. Having no distinction of sex; having 
no relation to sex. A. reproduction, reproduction 
without sexual intercourse. t^~sex*u-al-i-za'tion, 
the removal of the organs of generation, especially 
in the legal sense for criminals or the insane, 
as-fer'ryl. Iron arsenotartrate. {^Ther. Neuh.,'o().'] 
ash. I. The common name of several trees and 
shrubs of the genus Frax'inus. 2. In chemistry, 
the inorganic material left after heating an 
organic substance beyond the point of ignition. 
Ash'hurst’s splint. A bracketed splint of wire for 
the thigh and leg, used after excision of the 
kneesjoint. 


90 ASPERGILLUS 

a-si-a'li a. Lack of saliva. [ < « priv. + oiaAoi- 
spittle.] 

a-si-a-lor-rhoe'a. Deficiency of salival secretion. 

[< a priv. -f oiaTiov spittle pFiv to flow.] 
A-si-at'ic balsam. =Balsamum gileadense. A. 
cholera, ts- cholera. A. pills, pills of arsenous 
acid (y gr.) and black pepper. 

Asimi'na. A genus of anonaceous trees. The 
seeds of A. trilo'ba, the pawpaw (custard=apple) 
of North America, furnish a-sim'i-nine, an alka¬ 
loid, said to cause an exaggeration of sensibility, 
followed by narcosis. 

a'si-phyl. The mercuric salt of the acid of which 
ATOXYL is the sodium salt, 
a-si'ti a. Abstinence from food; loss of appetite. 

^Anorexia. [< a priv.-f uZro^’food.] 
a-so'ma, a-so'mi a. A monstrosity marked by imper¬ 
fect development of the head and mere rudiment 
of a trunk. [ < a priv. -f aufia body.] 
as-pa-la-so'ma. Malformation of the lower part of 
the abdomen, the genitals, urinary apparatus, 
and anus having separate openings, as is the 
case with the mole. [< auTrdAaf mole -f acjjbia 
body.] 

as-par'a-gine, as-par-am'ide. A peculiar diuretic 
vegetable principle, C^HgNgOg, obtained from 
asparagus and other vegetables, especially Legu- 
mino'sce; amidosuccinamic acid. Dose, 0.3 to 0.6 
Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). A.5mercury = hydrargyrum 
asparagine. fas-par-a-gin'ic, as A. acid = 

ASPARTIC ACID. 

Aspar'agus. A genus of liliaceous plants. The 
root and young shoots of A. officina'lis, the com¬ 
mon asparagus, are said to be diuretic, and to 
exert a sedative influence on the heart, f^^s'pa- 
rol, a fluidextract from A. officina'lis. 
as-par'tic acid. An acid, C4H7NO4, produced by 
the decomposition of asparagine by hot sulphuric 
acid; amidosuccinic acid. It is also obtained 
from proteins by hydrolytic cleavage and is 
produced in the body by pancreatic digestion, 
as'pect. I. The way in which anything appears to 
the eye. 2. That part of the surface of a thing 
which looks in any direction, as a dorsal a., ven¬ 
tral a., etc. [ < L. aspi'cere to look at or toward.] 
as'pen. o-Populus tremula. 
as-persar'te-ry. =Arteria aspera. 

Aspergil'lus. A genus of ascomycetous fungi 
(moulds), several species of which are regarded 
as being pathogenetic. The spores are bom in 
spherical masses, but without the surrounding 
membrane of Mu'cor, while P enicil'Hum spores 
are produced on fandike or brushslike hyphas. 

Keratomycosis; otomycosis. A. auricula'- 
ris, A. fiaves'cens (fla'vus), A. glau'cus, and A. 
ni'ger have been found in the external auditory 
meatus in aural mycosis. A. concen'tricus causes 
TINEA IMBRICATA. 5 . ’09.] A. mucoroi'des 

has been found in gangrenous lungs. A. pic'tor, 
cs- piNTA. A. fumiga'tus, a dark brown species 
with very small spores (3/^). It is the chief 
pathogenic mould and the form usually found in 
pulmonary aspergillosis, which may resemble 
tuberculosis very closely. The sputum is almost 
invariably odorless, bacteria of putrefaction being 
driven out by the mould. It has also been con¬ 
sidered as possibly the cause of pellagra. [ ^ 
5 . ’09.] [< L. asper'gere to sprinkle.] f^s-per- 

gil'lin, a black coloringsmatter resembling haema- 
tin, obtained from the spores of Aspergil'lus; 
vegetable haematin. as‘per-gil-lo'sis, a morbid 
condition due to species of Aspergil’lus. 


ASPERITUDO EPIDERMIDIS 


91 


ASSIMILATION 


asperitu'do epider'midis. == Asteatosis. 
a-sper'ma-tism, a-sper'mia. Inability to produce 
or discharge seminal fluid, Impotence; ster¬ 
ility. [ < a priv. + anepua seed.] fa-sper-mat'ic; 
a-sper'ma-tous; a-sper'mous. 
as-per'sion. The sprinkling of the body with a 
liquid or powder. [< L. asper'gere to sprinkle.] 
Asperu'go. A genus of boraginaceous plants. A. 

procum'bens is diaphoretic and diuretic. 

Asper'ula. A genus of rubiaceous 01 d»World 
herbs. A. odora'ia, the European woodruff, is 
popularly esteemed as a diaphoretic, tonic, and 
astringent. 

as-phal-ge'si a. The sensation of burning pain 
caused by touching certain articles, such as sil¬ 
ver or copper: seen during hypnosis, in a patient 
with hemianalgesia or hemianaesthesia. 
as-phyc'tic, -tous. i. Relating to asphyxia. 2. 
Without pulse. 

as-phyx'i a, as-phyx'y. Suspended animation; that 
state in which there is total suspension of the 
powers of body and mind, usually caused by 
interrupted respiration and deficiency of oxygen 
in the blood, as by hanging or drowning; suffo¬ 
cation. r®- Collapse; syncope. A. abgida, as¬ 
phyxia from intense cold. A. carbon'ica, suffo¬ 
cation caused by inhaling coaRgas. A. elec'trica, 
asphyxia caused by lightning or electricity. A. 
idiopath'ica, asphyxia or sudden death without 
any manifest cause. A. liv'ida, excessive accu¬ 
mulation of carbon dioxide in the blood: the cir¬ 
culation continues and the reflexes are preserved. 
Local a., one of the characteristic stages of Ray¬ 
naud’s GANGRENE. A. mephit'ica, asphyxia from 
inhalation of some mephitic gas, carbonic acid, 
or other non^respirable gas. A. neonato'rum or 
neophyto'rum, deficient respiration in newsbom 
children. A. siderato'rum, asphyxial insolation. 
A. suffocatio'nis, asphyxia by hanging or drown- 
[ < « priv. + pulse.] fas-phyx'i al, 

as-phyc'tic, as-phyc'tous, as A. insolation, in¬ 
solation: and A. stage, the first stage of Asiatic 
cholera, marked by cramps in 
the muscles, and thirst, due to 
loss of water from the blood, 
as-phyx'i ant, causing asphyxia, 
as a drug. as-phyx'i ate; as- 
phyx'i-a-ted. as-phyx-i-a'tion. 
as'pic. = Lavandula spica. 

Aspid'ium*. i. A genus of ferns 
or Fil'ices, the shieldsferns. 2. 

The U. S. P. name for the dried 
rhizome of Dryop'ieris fi'lix=mas 
(male fern) or Dryop'ieris margi- 
na'lis: it is taeniafuge. Dose, 4 
Gm. (60 grs.). c^Oleoresina 
ASP iDii*. A. athaman'ticum, a 
species of fem growing in South 
Africa, much used as a remedy 
against worms, especially the 
tapeworm. A. fi'lixsmas, the male 
fem or Dryop'ieris (Polypo'dium) 
fi'lix^mas. The root is used as a 
remedy against the tapeworm. 

Dose, 2 to 6 Gm. to dr.). 

It contains the poisonous princi¬ 
ple as'pi-din, C23H27O7. A. spin- 
ulo'sum, the common wood fern. 

[< dair'ic shield.] 

Aspidosper'ma. r. A genus of apocynaceous plants. 
2. The 1890 U. S. P. name for the bark of A. 
quebrachofhlan'co; quebracho bark. ^ Ex- 


TRACTUM ASPIDOSPERMATIS FLUIDUM. It COntainS 

as-pi-do-sper'ma-tine, C22H28N2O2, a crystalline 
alkaloid; as-pi-do-sam'ine, C22H28N2O2, an amor¬ 
phous alkaloid, isomeric with the former; and 
as-pi-do-sper'mine, C22H3JN2O2, the dose of which 
is 0.06 to o.i Gm. (i to grs.). 

Aspil'ia. A genus of composite plants. A. lati- 
fo'lia, hemorrhage plant, an African herb, 
has active haemostatic qualities, 
as-pir-a'tion. i. The act or process of sucking up 
or in; inspiration, as A. pneumonia, is* pneumo¬ 
nia. 2. The use of an aspirator. [< L. ad to + 
to breathe.] fas'pir-ate. i. To draw in. 
2. A consonantal sound characterized by a 
breathing or h sound, as'pir-a-ting, as A. needle, 
a hollow needle attached to a suction syringe for 
withdrawing fluid from the body, as'pir-a-tor, 
an instrument for sucking out the fluid contents 
of tumors, pleural effusions, etc. 
as'pi-rin. The diacetyl ester of salicylic acid; acet- 
ylsalicylic acid: a sudorific, antirheumatic, anal¬ 
gesic, and antipyretic. ^ Novaspirin. Dose, 
0.3 to I Gm. (5 to 15 grs.). 
as-pi'ro-chyl. Mercury paraminophenyl arsenate, 
antisyphilitic. 

as-pi'ro-phen. Amidosacetparaphenetidin acetyl- 
salicylate: used in rheumatism, sciatica, neuralgia, 
migraine, gout, etc. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
a-splanch'nic. Having no alimentary canal, as 
certain enterozoa. 

Asple'nium. A genus of ferns, called spleenwort 
and miltwaste. A. fidixsfcB'mina, the female 
fem, a plant possessing medicinal properties 
similar to those of the male fem {Aspid'ium 
fi'lix=^mas). [< a priv. -f cr^'krjv spleen.] 
a-spo-ro-gen'ic. Failing to produce spores or to 
be reproduced from spores, 
a-spo'rous. Having no true spores: said of micro* 
organisms. 

as-sa-foe'ti-da. = Asafcetida*. 

As-sam'fever. =Kala*azar. 

as'sa-mar. A bitter principle developed in roast¬ 
ing certain carbohydrates: it is said to retard 
the metabolic processes of the animal economy. 
[< L. as'sus roasted + ama'rus bitter.] 
as-sa-na'tion. = Sanitation. [< L. ad to + 5a'««5 
healthy.] 

as'sa-nol. A compound containing pilocarpine, 
morphine, dionin, and codeine: used in pul¬ 
monary tuberculosis, 
as-sault'. An attack, ts-C riminal a. 
as-say'. An analysis or testing of an ore or an 
alloy to determine the composition. 

Assezat’s triangle (a-s6-zaz). A triangle bounded 
by lines joining the projection of the nasion on 
the alveolocondylar plane with the alveolar and 
nasal points, and a line joining the two latter 
points. 

as'si-dent sign or symptom. Any sign or symptom 
usually but not invariably attending a particular 
disease; accessory sign or symptom. ^ Pathog- 
NOMY. [< L. ad near -f se'dere to sit.] 
as*sid-e-ra'tion. In legal medicine, the drowning 
of an infant in ice=cold water. [< L. ad inten¬ 
sive + sidera'tio an evil influence.] 
as-sim-i-la'tion. The act or process of building up 
protoplasm from food; the conversion of food 
into the substance of the living body; constmc- 
tive metabolism: called Primary, when relating 
to the conversion of food into chyle and blood, 
and Secondary, when concerned in the formation 
of the organized tissues of the body, Anabol- 



Microscopic 
Se ction of 
Aspidium. 



ASSISTIVE MOVEMENTS 


92 


ASTIGMATISM 


ism; catabolism. A. limit, the limiting amount 
of sugarsassimilation possible without producing 
alimentary glycosuria: it corresponds to about 
3 parts per looo of sugar in the blood. A. pelvis, 
a pelvis in which a vertebra of one type resem¬ 
bles that of another, as when a lumbar vertebra 
is fused to the sacrum. [ < L. ad to + sim'ilis 
like.] tas-simd-la-bil'i-ty. as-sim'i-la-ble. as- 
sim'i-late. as-sim'i-la-tive or as-sim'i-la-to-ry, 
as A. metamorphosis, constructive metabolism, 
as-sis'tive movements. In mechanotherapy, the 
movements executed by a patient with the 
assistance of the operator, 
as-so-ci-a'tion. Connection, either structural or 
functional; sympathy. A. centre, the centre 
which controls associated movements. A. disease, 
the association of myoclonus with epilepsy in the 
same patient. A. fibres of the cerebellum, fibres 
connecting one lamina with another. A. fibres of 
the cerebrum, fibres of the cerebral medulla, con¬ 
necting parts of the same hemisphere. A. paralysis 
= BULBAR PARALYSIS. A. system, a system of 
association fibres. [< L. ad to + so'cius ally.] 
fas-so'ci-a-ble, liable to be sympathetically 
affected, as-so'ci-a-ted, A. antagonist, an¬ 
tagonist: A. movements, the movements of parts 
which act together, as of both eyeballs: and .A. 
paralysis, paralysis of muscles which produce 
associated movements, as-so'ci-a-ting, as A. 

=ASSOCIATION FIBRES. 

as'so-nance. A morbid propensity to use allitera¬ 
tion in speaking. 

assuetude (as'wi-tiffd). Habituation to disturbing 
influences, with the consequent toleration, 
as'su-rin. A diphosphatide substance from the 
brain ^tissues. [< L. as'sum roast meat.] 

Ast. Abbr. for astigmatism. 

as-tac'o-lith. =Cancrorum lapilli. [<dcrra/c(5f 
lobster -f- Vtdog stone.] 

as-ta'si a. i. Inability to stand, on account of in¬ 
coordination of the muscles: usually combined 
with ABASIA and known as as-ta’si a=a-ba'si a, 
inability to stand combined with inability to 
walk. 2. Great restlessness; muscular tremor. 
[< a priv. + loTavai to stand.] fas-ta'sic. 
as-tat'ic needle, pair, or system. A very sensitive 
magnetic needle: usually two magnets suspended 
so that they remain opposed and practically 
neutralizing each other’s action while free to 
rotate as a whole. [< a + iardvai to stand; 
because (theoretically) not held by the earth’s 
magnetism in a given direction.] 
as-te-a-to'sis. Dryness of the skin, due to decrease 
of the sebaceous secretion; xeroderma of Wilson: 
it amounts in extreme cases to cutaneous kera¬ 
tosis (A. cu'iis). [< a priv. + areap fat.] 

As'ter. I, A genus of composite plants of many 
species, some of which, as A. amelloi'des, A. 
Linosy'ris, A. puni'ceus, A. ihalla'sius, A. men- 
zies'i, etc., have some medicinal value. 2. The 
starslike figure of chromatin fibres formed in kar- 
yokinesis. ^Monaster; diaster. [ < aar^p star.] 
a-ster-e-og-no'sis. = Stereosagnosis. 
as-te'ri on. The point in the skull, on either side, 
where temporal, parietal, and occipital bones 
meet. 

as-te-ris'cus. A starsshaped opacity of the cornea. 
[< aarepiaKo^ small star.] 

a-ster'nal. Not attached to the sternum. A. ar¬ 
tery, a branch of the internal mammary to the 
costal cartilages. A. ribs, the lower five ribs which 
- do not join the sternum; false ribs: costae spuriae*. 


a-ster'ni a. An organic deviation in the foetus, 
characterized by absence of the sternum, 
as'te-roid. Shaped like a star. 

as'te-rol. A mercurial antiseptic, not precipitating 
albumin or corroding instruments: used in 0.2 to 
0.4% solution. 

asthenia (as-th^-nai'a or as-thi'nia). Want or loss 
of strength; morbid infirmity; debility, Ady¬ 
namia. A. pectora'lis = ANGINA PECTORIS. [<a 
priv. -f adivog strength.] fas-then'ic, as A. apo¬ 
plexy, apoplexy from debility: A. bulbar paraly¬ 
sis = my ASTHEttiA gravis: and A. fever, fever 
accompanied by great weakness and prostration, 
as-the-noro-gy, the sciences of diseases connected 
with debility, as-the-nom'e-ter, an apparatus 
for measuring asthenia. 

as-the-no'pi a. Weakness and rapid tiring of the 
visual powers; copiopia. It may be accommoda¬ 
tive, when due to strain of the ciliary muscle 
from astigmatism or hyperopia; muscular, when 
due to weakness or strain -of ocular muscles; 
nervous, when due to central nervous lesions; or 
retinal, when due to some abnormality of the 
retina, as anaesthesia, hyperaesthesia, etc. [ < u 
priv. -t- adevog strength -f oipig vision.] 
as-the-nop'y-ra. Fever attended with great weak¬ 
ness and prostration. 

asthma (ast'ma or as'ma). A disease attended with 
difficulty of breathing and a sensation of con¬ 
striction in the chest, wheezing, cough, and ex¬ 
pectoration; essential, nervous, or true asthma. 

It is probably of neurotic origin and due to j 
spasm of the bronchial muscles or to hyperaemia ; 
and swelling of the bronchial mucous membrane. ■ 
Care must be exercised in giving diphtheria an¬ 
titoxin to those afflicted with this disease. ’ 
J. A. M. A. j.’oS.] Specially named varieties : 
are A/ueo/ar (= emphysematous). Amygdaline, < 
Arthritic, Bronchial, Cardiac, Catarrhal \ 

or bronchitic, Cheyne*Stokes, Cutaneous, Dys- j 

peptic. Emphysematous, £ 55 e«/fa/(= asthma), 
Gastric, Grinders’, Yi ay, Heberden's (= angina : 
pectoris), Kopp’s, Millar's (= laryngismus 
stridulus). Miners' {— anthracosis pulmo- ■ 

num). Nervous (= asthma), Pneumobulbous, 
Reflex, Renal, T/iymtc (= laryngismus strid- i 
ulus). True (= asthma). Uremic, and Uterine. 

A. crystals, crystals in the sputum of persons ; 

affected with asthma. CharcotsLeyden j 

crystals, a. dolorif'icum = angina pectoris. 

A. paper = charta potassh nitratis. A. noc- 
tur'num = incubus. A. satumi'num, a rare ' 

form of asthma due to the inhalation of I 

white lead dust. [< dad pa, fr. dl^eiv to breathe 
hard.] fasth-maCic. asth-mo-gen'ic, producing , 

asthma. j 

Asth'matos cilia'ris. An infusorian animal described ] 
in the mucus of the nose in hay fever. | 

a-stig'ma-tism. A defect in the eye, in which the j 

rays of light in all meridians are not brought to I 

one point or focus, but converge at different j 

points, Ametropia. A. against the rule, j 

astigmatism in which the horizontal meridian • 

has a greater curvature than the vertical. Com- ^ 

pound a., astigmatism in which the eye is hyper¬ 
metropic {compound hypermetropic astigmatism) 
or myopic {compound myopic astigmatism) in all | 

meridians, but to a greater degree in one than j 
in the others. Corneal a., ^irregular a. 
Hypermetropic a., astigmatism associated with J 

hypermetropia. Irregular a., astigmatism due to 
irregularity of curvature or refracting power in 



ASTIGMIA 


93 


ATACTIC 


either the lens {lenticular astigmatism) or the 
cornea {corneal astigmatism). Lenticular a., ir¬ 
regular A. Mixed a., astigmatism in which 
one chief meridian is 
hypermetropic and the 
other myopic. Myopic 
a., astigmatism associ¬ 
ated with myopia. Reg¬ 
ular a., astigmatism in 
which, although the re¬ 
fractive powers of the 
various meridians differ 
from each other, the 
power of any particular 
meridian remains prac¬ 
tically constant in all 
its parts. Simple a., 
astigmatism in which 
the refraction of one 
meridian is emmetropic 
and that of the other 
hypermetropic or myo¬ 
pic, A. with the rule, 
astigmatism in which 
the vertical meridian has a greater curvature 
than the horizontal. [ < a priv. + aTt-yjua point.] 
fas-tig-mat'ic, as A. lens. i . = Cylindrical 
LENS. 2. = Stokes’s lens. as*tig-ma-tom'e-ter, 
as-tig-mom'e-ter, a device used in measuring 
the degree of astigmatism, as’tig-ma-tom'e-try, 
as-tig-mom'e-try, the measuring of astigmatism, 
a-stig'mi a, a-stig'mism. = Astigmatism. 
a-sto'mi a. Absence of the mouth. [< a priv. 4- 
ardfia mouth.] fas'to-mous, as-tom'a-tous. 
as-trag'a-lar. Pertaining to the astragalus, 
as-trag-a-lec'to-my. Excision of the astragalus, 
as-trag'a-lo-. Relating to the astragalus; talo-: 
a combining form. [< Astragalus.] as-trag*a- 
lo-cal-ca'ne al, -nean ligaments, the ligaments 
that unite the astragalus to the os calcis: viz., 
the interosseous, posterior, internal, and external 
ligaments .—as-trag'a-lo-cal-came-o-scaph'oid dis¬ 
location = SUBASTRAGALOID DISLOCATION. - aS- 

trag'a-loid, pertaining to the astragalus, as A. 
osteotomy, excision of the head of the astragalus 
for the relief of flat-foot, allowing the depressed 
portion of the tarsus to be elevated and the arch 
of the foot restored.—• as-trag-a-lo-scaph'oid, as- 
trag'a-lo-na-vic'u-lar, pertaining to the astraga¬ 
lus and the scaphoid, as A. ligament, a thin liga¬ 
ment between the head of the astragalus and the 
upper surface of the scaphoid bone; ligamentum 
talonaviculare [dorsale ]*.— as-trag*a-lo-tib'i al, re¬ 
lating to the astragalus and the tibia, 
as-trag'a-lus. The ankle=bone; the topmost bone 
of the tarsus, upon which the tibia rests, and 
with which the tibia and fibula articulate; talus*. 
[ L., fr. aarpayaTiog a die.] 

Astrag'alus. A genus of leguminous plants. A. 
cre'iicus, the Cretan milk=vetch, and A. gum'mi- 
fer, yield tragacanth. A. mollis'simus, of the 
United States, yields a poisonous mydriatic, 
as-trap-o-pho'bi a, as-tra-pho'bi a. Morbid dread of 
lightning. [KaorpaTTr] lightningterror.] 
as-tric'tion. i. The state produced by astringent 
medicines. 2. The act of compressing. [ < L. 
astric'tio, fr. ad to + sirin'gere to bind.] f^^s-tric'- 
tive, a-stric'to-ry. 

as-trin'gent. ir Producing contraction and con¬ 
densation in the soft solids, thereby diminishing 
excessive discharges. 2. A medicine having the 
power to check discharges, whether of blood, of 


mucus, or of any other secretion Astringents act 
by contracting the capillaries and secreting 
orifices. The chief astringents are lead acetate, 
silver nitrate, tannic and gallic acids, zinc sul¬ 
phate, kino, catechu, dilute mineral acids, and 
alum. ^Astriction. A. bath, a bath contain¬ 
ing some astringent substance, as alum or oak 
bark. A. and escharotic mixture = mistura ad- 
STRINGENS ET ESCHAROTICA. A. lotion = LOTIO 
ADSTRiNGENs. A. principle, a vegetable principle 
found in the bark of many trees and plants: 
also called tannin, from its use in tanning, 
as'tro-. Relating to a star; star^shaped: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< aarpov star.] as'tro-blast, an early 
stage of an astrocyte. — as'tro-cyte. i. = Dei- 
TERs’s cell. 2. A bonescorpuscle: named from 
its branched or star=like form. — as'troid, star* 
shaped. — as‘tro-ki-net'ic, relating to the motion 
exhibited by the centrosomes of cells.— as'tro-lin. 
Antipyrine methylethylglycolate: a proprietary 
migraine powder.— as-tro-pho'bi a, morbid dread 
of stars and heavenly space.— as'tro-sphere. i. 
The entire aster, exclusive of the centrosome. 
2. = Attraction SPHERE. 3. The protoplasmic 
filaments arranged radially around the centro¬ 
some of a dividing cell.— as-tro-stat'ic, relating 
to the condition of rest exhibited by the centro¬ 
somes of cells. 

As-tu'ri an rose. A skin disease similar to leprosy, 
occurring in Asturias, in Spain, 
as-ty-clin'ic. = Policlinic. 

as-tys'i a. Impotency from lack of erectile power, 
as'u-rol. Mercury sodium amido*oxyisobutyrosal- 
icylate. 

a-sy'lum. A hospital or refuge, as for the insane, 
blind, or deaf-mute, A. ear = H.ffiMATOMA auris 
[L., fr. a priv. -f- ovTiov right of seizure.] 
as-ym-bo'li a. =Asemia. fa-sym'bo-lism. 
a-sym'me-try. Lack of symmetry; abnormal dis¬ 
proportion in corresponding parts. [ < a priv. + 
Gvpperpia symmetry.] t^“Sym-met'ri-cal, as A. 
carbon atom, any carbon atom of a compound 
which is joined to four different radicals, as, e.g., 
in lactic acid, 

H. /CH3 or glucose, 

)C^ CH 2 ( 0 H)CH( 0 H)CH( 0 H)CH 

HO^ ^COOH; (OH)CH(OH)CHO, which has 
four asymmetrical carbon atoms (indicated by 
black type). A necessary condition for the occur¬ 
rence of either stereoisomerism or optical activity. 
,a-syn'chro-nism. The occurrence at different times 
of events normally taking .place simultaneously, 
a-syn'cli-tism. Lack of parallelism between the 
median anteroposterior plane of the fetal head 
and the pelvic axis; oblique presentation, 
a-sy-nech'i a. Absence of continuity or of struct¬ 
ural imiformity. [< a priv. + synechia.] 
a-syn'er-gy. Lack of simultaneousness or of har¬ 
mony of action in paired organs like the eyes, or 
in muscles, fa-syn-er'gic. 
a-sy-ne'sia. Lack of intelligence; stupidity, 
a-sy-no'di a. Impotence for sexual intercourse, 
fa-sy-nod'ic. 

a-sy-no'vi a. Deficiency of synovial fluid, 
a-synffro-phy. Lack of symmetrical development, 
a-sys-te-mat'ic. Not confined to any system: said 
of general nervous diseases, 
a-sys-to'li a, a-sys'to-le, a-sys'to-lism. The want 
of power in the heart to make a complete sys¬ 
tole, or a systole sufficient to expel the blood 
from the ventricles, fa-sys-tol'ic. 
a-tac'tic. Affected with pr due to ataxia. 



Clock-face Chart to 
Determine Astigma¬ 
tism. —While all the ra¬ 
diating lines are equally 
black and distinct, in the 
astigmatic eye certain of 
the lines depending on 
the degree and situation 
of the astigmatism may 
appear gray and hazy. 
(Posey and Spiller.) 




ATACTILIA 


94 


ATHEROMA 


a-tac-ti'li a. The lack of power to recognize tactile 
impressions. 

-atae. A suffix added to'the stem of a genus name 
to form the name of a subfamily: thus, the sub¬ 
family, Rosa'iae, is formed from the genus Ro'sa. 

Amer. Code of Bot. Nomenclature.] 
a-ta-rax'i a. Indifference; lack of emotion. [ < a 
priv. + rapdoaeiv to stir up.] 
at^a-vism. i. A tendency of animals and plants to 
inherit the characters of their remote progeni- 



The Grasping Power 
OF Infants as an Il¬ 
lustration OF Ata¬ 
vism. (Shute.) 

tors. 2. Reversion 
to morbid traits or 
anomalies existing 
in ancestors but not in immediate pa¬ 
rents. (Darwin.) ^Heredity. [< 

L. at'avus ancestor.] at-a- 

vis'tic. at‘a-vis'ti-cal-ly. at'a-vus. 
a-tax-a-pha'si a. Ataxic aphasia. 
a-tax'ia, a-tax'y. Irregularity; especially, irregu¬ 
larity of muscular movements; lack of muscular 
coordination; disturbance of static and locomo¬ 
tor coordination: used alone, it often designates 
LOCOMOTOR ataxia. ^Tabes. Specially named 
varieties are Alcoholic, Briquet’s, Broca’s 
(ataxic aphasia). Bulbar, Central, Cere¬ 
bellar, Cerebral, Choreic, Diphtheritic, 
Family (= hereditary), Friedreich’s heredi¬ 
tary), Hereditary cerebellar. Hysterical (= 
Briquet’s), Locomotor, Motor, Muscular, 
Static, Thermal, and Vasomotor. A. cor' 
dis = DELIRIUM cordis. [<« priv . + rdaoELv to 
order.] 

a-tax'i-a-gram. The tracing drawn by an ataxic, 
patient, with his eyes shut, while attempting to 
make a straight line. 

a-tax'i-a-graph. An apparatus for measuring the 
extent of ataxia by the amount of swaying of the 
patient when standing with his eyes closed, 
a-taxd-am-ne'sic. Marked both by ataxia and by 
amnesia: used chiefly of speechsperversions, 
a-tax'ic. i. Irregular. 2. Affected with ataxia. 
A. aphasia, ^aphasia. A. fever, typhus fever. 
A. lymphopathy, swelling of the lymphatic 
glands sometimes attending the crises of loco¬ 
motor ataxia. A. paraplegia, a disease marked 
by the simultaneous development of ataxia and 
spastic paraplegia, and due to sclerosis of the 
lateral and posterior columns of the spinal cord. 
Hereditary ataxia is a special form of ataxic 
paraplegia. A. pneumonia, pneumonia. A. 
typhoid fever, e9- typhoid fever. 
a-tax’osa-dy-na'mi a. Ataxia combined with ady¬ 
namia. t*i-tax*o*a-dy-na'mic. 
a-tax-o-phe'mi a. Ataxia of the speech ^organs. 


a-tax-o-pho'bi a. Morbid fear of ataxia, 
a-tax'y or at'ax-y. = Ataxia. 

-ate. I. A suffix denoting a salt or ester of an -ic 
acid, as chlorate; sulphate, etc., and rarely 
in other compounds, as alcoholate. The 1890 
U. S. P. termination -ate of the /lydro- salts has 
been changed to -ide. 2. A suffix denoting “ pro¬ 
vided with,” as in caudate, flagellate, capsulate, 
and striate. 

a-tec'nia. Barrenness; sterility. [<« priv. -f 
T6KV0V child.] 

at-e-lec'ta-sis. i. A state of incomplete expansion 
of the air*vesicles of the lungs in new*born chil¬ 
dren, resulting from some obstacle to the com¬ 
plete establishment of respiration.. 2. = A PNEU¬ 
MATOSIS. A. pulmo'num = ATELECTASIS. [< 
artXrjq imperfect -f SKraacg expansion.] fs^t’e-lec- 
tat'ic. 

a-te'li a. Imperfect development of some part, 
at-e-li-o'sis, at-e-lei-o'sis. A form of dwarfism in 
which the development of the body is arrested or 
delayed. ^Progeria. 

at'e-lo-. Denoting imperfect development: a com¬ 
bining form. [< imperfect.] at'e-lo-car'- 

dia, imperfect development of the heart. — at'e- 
lo-ceph'a-lous, having the head or skull more or 
less imperfectly developed. —at‘e-lo-chei'li a, im¬ 
perfect development of the lip. — at'e-lo-chei'- 
ri a, imperfect formation of the hand. — at'e-los 
en-ce-pha'li a, imperfect development of the 
brain. — at'e-lo-glos'si a, imperfect development 
of the tongue. — at'e-lo-gna'thi a, imperfect de¬ 
velopment of the jaw. — at’e-lo-my-e'li a, imper¬ 
fect formation of the spinal cord. — at*e-lo-po'- 
di a, imperfect formation of the foot. — at’e-lo- 
pro-so'pi a, imperfect formation or development 
of the face. — at'e-lor-rha-chid'i a, imperfect de¬ 
velopment of the spine. — at-e-lo-sto'mi a, defec¬ 
tive formation of the mouth, 
at'e-sine. An amorphous, slightly poisonous alka¬ 
loid, C4gH74N205, from Aconi'tum heterophyl'lum. 
Athaman'ta oreoseli'num. The black mountain 
parsley, the seeds and roots of which contain 
ath-a-man'tin, C24H3g07, a glucoside. 
a-the-las'mus. Defect in the nipples, with inability 
to give suck. [ < a priv. -f Orjlaafidg suckling.] 
a-the'li a. Absence of the nipple or nipples. 

Amastia. [< a priv. -I- driTiii nipple.] 
a-ther'mal. Cool: said of certain springs, 
a-ther'man-cy. The state of being impervious to 
radiant heat, f^i-ther'ma-nous. 
a-ther'mic. Occurring without rise of temperature, 
a-ther'mo-sys-tal'tic. Not contracting under stim¬ 
ulation of heat or of cold: applied to striated 
muscle. [< a priv. + tepfiTj heat -f- systaltic.] 
ath-e-ro'ma. i. An encysted tumor containing a 
soft substance like*PANADA. This kind of cyst, 
and the varieties termed meliceris and steatoma, 
are said to be merely sebaceous follicles enor¬ 
mously dilated. 2. A form of fatty degenera¬ 
tion of the coats of the arteries in arteriosclero¬ 
sis, producing patches of induration or of soften¬ 
ing: also applied to the entire process of arterio¬ 
sclerosis. Capillary a., the formation of granules 
of fat in the walls of the capillaries. [< dd^pij 
gruel.] fath'e-ro-ma'si a, atheromatous degener¬ 
ation (especially of a blood-vessel). ath*e-ro- 
ma-to'sis, an atheromatous condition, ath-e-ro'- 
ma-tous, as A. abscess, a collection of cholesterin 
and other matter formed beneath the intima of 
an artery in chronic endarteritis and tending to 
form an A. ulcer by breaking through the intima: 








ATHEROSIS 


95 


ATOM 


A. degeneration = kth-ekouk, def, 2; A. neuritis, 
neuritis marked by necrotic, inflammatory proc¬ 
esses in the nerves supplied by atheromatous 
arteries, resembling neuritis toxica: and A. 
ulcer, i^A. abscess. 
ath-e-ro'sis. = Atheroma, def. 2. 

Atherosper'ma moscha'tum. The Australian sassa¬ 
fras, a monimiaceous tree of Australia and New 
Zealand. It contains ath*e-ro-sper'mine, CjoH^q- 
NO5, an alkaloid, and a volatile oil which is used 
as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and cardiac sedative, 
ath-e-to'sis. An affection in which there is inabil¬ 
ity to retain the fingers or toes in any position in 
which they may be placed; posthemiplegic 
chorea: most frequent in children and due to 
lesion of the brain. When it affects only one 
side of the body it is called monolateral a. 
(Hemiathetosis) ■, when both, bilateral a. &■ 
Chorea. [<_ dderog without fixed position.] 
fath'e-toid, as A. movements or spasms, spasms 
in which the movements are like those due to 
athetosis. 

ath'lete’s heart. Aortic incompetency caused by 
strain in athletic contests, 
a-threp'si a. A chronic failure of nutrition in in¬ 
fants, due to faulty development, ts- Atrophy. 

[ < a priv. + dphjng nutrition.] t 3 --threp'tic. 
ath-roi-sae'mi a, -se'mia. Accumulation of blood; 

congestion. [ < aOpoiaig aggregation + alpa blood.] 
a-thym'ia. Dejection of spirits; despondency. 
[< « priv. + Ovpog mind.] 

a-thy-ro'sis, a-thy-re-o'sis. Absence or atrophy of 
the thyroid gland, Myxcedema. 
a-thy'ria, a-thy'rea. i. Absence of the thyroid 
gland or of its function. 2 . = Myxcedema. 
a-thy-roi-da'tion, a-thy'roi-dism, a-thy-ro'sis. The 
morbid condition produced by absence or insuf¬ 
ficiency of thyroid secretion, Myxcedema. 
a-thy-roi-de'mi a. =Myxcedema. 

At'kin-son’s depilatory. A depilatory consisting of 
I part of orpiment and 6 parts of quicklime, 
with some flour and a yellow coloring matter, 
at-lan'tad. Toward the atlas. 

at-lan'tal. Pertaining to the atlas. A. foramen, 
an occasional foramen, generally represented 
by a groove, in the free edge of the atlas, for the 
transmission of the vertebral artery and the sub- 
occipital nerve. It is constant in some mammals. 
A. sinus = SINUS atlantis. 
at'las*. The first cervical vertebra. It articulates 
with the occipital bone and the axis. [< L. 
At'las, a fabulous giant who bore the heavens 
upon his shoulders.] 

at'lo-, at-lan'to-. Relating to the atlas: combining 
forms. [< Atlas.] at-lan-to-did'y-mus, at-lo- 
did'y-mus, at-lod'y-mus, a monster with two 
heads, one neck, and one trunk.— at-lan*tosep*i- 
stro-phe'al = atlo^axoid. — at-lanffo-mas-toi'- 
de us, an occasional muscle arising from the 
transverse process of the atlas and inserted into 
the mastoid process of the temporal bone.— at- 
losax'oid, at-lan-tosax'i al, at-lanffosax-oi'de an,. 
at-loi-dosax'i al, pertaining to the atlas and the 
axis, as A. disease, tuberculous necrosis of the 
atlo*axoid articulation, it being a frequent form of 
beginning of tuberculous affection of the spine: 
A. joints, the articulations of the atlas with the 
axis, including two lateral and one central: and 
A. ligament, either of two ligaments, an anterior 
and a posterior, extending respectively between 
the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas, and 
the body and posterior arch of the axis.— at'loid, 


relating to or resembling the atlas.— at-loi*dos 
oc-cip'i-tal muscle = rectus capitis posticus 
major. — atdosoc-cip'i-tal or at-lan"to=oc-cip'i-tal 
ligament, a ligament joining the atlas and the 
occiput. — atdoso-don'toid or at-lan’to=o-don'toid 
joint, the articulation of the atlas with the odon¬ 
toid process of the axis. 

at-mi'a-try, at-mi-at'rics. Medication by vapors, 
inhalants, gases, and atomized liquids. [ < arfiiq 
vapor -t- larptla medication.] 

at-mid-al'bu-min. A substance intermediate be¬ 
tween the albuminates and albumoses, obtained 
by the action of superheated steam on a proteid: 
upon dehydration it turns into at-mid-al'bu-mose. 

at-mi-dom'e-ter. An instrument fpr measuring the 
vapor exhaled from a humid surface in a given 
time. [< arp'iQ vapor + fierpov measure.] 

at'mo-. Denoting vapor or breath: a combining 
form. [ < dr/iog breath.] at-mo-cau'sis, treat¬ 
ment of disease, particularly non^malignant 
uterine affections, with superheated .steam.— at- 
mo-cau'ter-y, an instrument for performing at- 
mocausis. — at'mo-graph, an instrument that 
registers the respiratory chestsmovements.— 
at-mo-kau'sis = atmocausis. — at-mol'y-sis, the 
separation of two or more gases which are mixed 
together. It is'effected bypassing the mixture 
through a porous plate, the more diffusible gas 
passing through more quickly than the other.— 
at-mom'e-ter =atmidometer.— at-mo-ther'a-py. 
I. Treatment by medicinal vapors. 2. Treat¬ 
ment by systematic reduction of respiration, as 
in certain tics. 

at'mo-sphere. i. The thin, elastic fluid encom¬ 
passing the earth to a height estimated variously 
at from 45 to 200 miles; the natural air we 
breathe. ^Air. 2. The pressure of the at¬ 
mosphere at the level of the sea. It is 
about fifteen pounds to the square inch. [< 
drjudg vapor + a(i>alpa globe or sphere.] fat- 
mos-pher'ic. 

a-to'ci a, -ki a. Sterility; barrenness. 

at'om. The smallest possible particle of a chemical 
element: a scientific concept required by the 
molecular theory (e^ molecule) and the chemical 
laws of constancy of composition and of combi¬ 
nation in multiple proportions. The atom, to 
the chemist, corresponds to the smallest propor¬ 
tion in which an element, with its associated 
electric discharge ion) , is found in its com¬ 
pounds ; to the physicist it is a necessary alterna¬ 
tive to the (impossible) hypothesis of homogen¬ 
eity of matter; to the philosopher it may or may 
not be impenetrable, indivisible, spherical, inde¬ 
structible, etc., and has been considered both as 
an extra “substance” existing in the midst of 
ether, and, especially, as merely a form of local 
motion of the ether itself. A sufficient explana¬ 
tion of the properties of matter may also be had 
from the hypothesis that an atom is merely an 
electrical charge, or a collection of such charges, 
and its compound character seems to be necessi¬ 
tated not only by the theory of electrons, but 
also by certain facts of physics, as its multiple 
rates of vibration when giving out different wave* 
lengths of light. [ < aropog uncut.] fa-toin'ic, 
as A. heat, the product of the atomic weight 
multiplied by the specific heat; approximately 
6.4 for most elements: A . refraction, the product of 
the index of refraction of the elements of a com¬ 
pound by their atomic weights; A. theory, Dal¬ 
ton’s theory that all matter is composed of 


ATOMISTIC MEDICINE 


96 


ATROPHODERMA 


atoms and that the weights of the atoms of 
each element differ: A. valence = ktouicitw A. 
volume, the volume of an element as compared 
with its atomic weight, and obtained by dividing 
the specific gravity by the atomic weight; 
specific volume: and A. weight, the weight of an 
atom of a given substance as compared with the 
weight of an atom of hydrogen, which is con¬ 
sidered as unity, at-o-mic'i-ty, the combining 
capacity or equivalent value of an element or 
radical, measured by the number of hydrogen 
atoms with which it can unite; valency; quanti- 
valence. 

at-om-is'tic medicine. = Dosimetry, def. 2. 
at'om-i-za'tion. The reduction of liquids to the 
form of spray, f^t'orn-i-zer, an instrument for 
transforming a liquid into a fine spray and 
throwing it in a jet of air or steam, 
at'o-ny, a-to'ni a. Want or diminution of power, 
especially of muscular tone, Adynamia. [< 
a priv. + Tovog tone.] t3^“ton'ic, as A. dyspep¬ 
sia, dyspepsia due to a lack of tone in the 
stomach or the intestines or in both: A. gout = 
PODAGRA atonica: A. labor, protracted labor 
due to atony of the uterus: and A. ulcer, a 
slowly healing ulcer with unhealthy granulations, 
at-o-nic'i-ty, the quality of being atonic, 
a-top'ic. Strange or odd. [ < aro~og out of place.] 
a-top*o-men-or-rhoe'a. Vicarious menstruation, 
a-tox'ic. Not poisonous, not venomous, 
a-tox'o-gen. A remedy from the spleen and adrenals 
of the horse: used in defensive inoculation, 
a-tox'yl. Sodium p^aminophenylarsonate, NH2AS- 
OOHONa, sodium arsanilate, containing 24% ar¬ 
senic; known under the proprietary names of 
atoxyl, arsamin, and soamin: an organic arsenic 
compound introduced by Dr. W. Thomas of 
Liverpool in 1905, but prepared by Bechamp in 
1863. It occurs as a white, odorless powder of 
feebly salty taste and has been used with asserted 
success in trypanosomiasis and syphilis. Blind¬ 
ness has resulted from its employment. Dose, 0.2 
Gm. (3 grs.), increased to i Gm. (15 grs.), sub¬ 
cutaneously and intramuscularly in 10% solution, 
at-ra-bi'lis. Black bile, an imaginary fluid, for¬ 
merly supposed, when existing in excessive quan¬ 
tity, to be the cause of melancholy. [L., fr. a'ter 
black hi'lis bile.] f^t-ra-bil'i-a-ry, at-ra-bil'i- 
ous, as A. capsules, arteries, and veins, terms for¬ 
merly applied to the suprarenal capsules, and to 
the arteries and veins supplying them, because 
they were supposed to produce black bile. 
a-tra‘che-lo-ceph'a-lus. A monster with a defec¬ 
tive neck. 

at-ra-men'tum. i. The coloring matter secreted 
by Sepia. 2. Ink. 3. Any black coloring matter; 
black ointment. [L., fr. a'ter black.] 
a-tre'mia. i. Absence of tremor. 2. A condition 
in which the patient imagines that he is unable 
to move; Neftel’s disease: seen in hysterics and 
neurasthenics. [ < a priv. -f rpepeiv to tremble.] 
a-trep'tic. =Athreptic. 

at-re-sen-te'ri a. Imperforation of the intestine, 
a-tre'si a. Complete closure or imperforation of one 
of the natural openings or canals of the body, 
either congenital or acquired; often used as 
a suffix, as in proctatresia. Stenosis ; 
STRICTURE. A. a'ni, imperforation of the anus ; 
aproctia; atretocysia. A. anovagina'lis = anus 
VESTIBULARIS. A. au'iis, closure of the external 
auditory meatus or attachment of the auricle to 
the head. A. i'ridis or pupil'lae, closure of the 


aperture of the pupil of the eye; atretopsia. A. 
or'is, imperforation of the mouth; atretostomia. 
A. rec'ti, imperforation of the redtum. A. ure'- 
thrae, occlusion of the urethra; atreturethria. A. 
vagi'nae, imperforation of the vagina. A. vul'vae, 
imperforation of the vulva. [<a priv.rprfaig 
boring, perforation.] fa-tre'sial or a-tre'sic, as 
A. teratism, a monstrosity with congenital atresia, 
at-re-te-lyt'ri a. Imperforation of the vagina. [ < 
drprjrog unpierced + iAvrpov sheath.] 
at're-to-, at're-so-. Denoting an imperforate condi¬ 
tion: a combining form. [ < arpr/Tog imperforate.] 
at‘re-to-ble-pha'ri a, at're-so-ble-pha'ri a, adhesion 
of the eyelids. — at-re-to-ceph'a-lus, a monster* 
foetus without the natural openings in the head. 
— at-re-to-cor'mus, a monstrosity Ih which one 
or more of the natural openings of the trunk are 
imperforate. — at-re-to-cys'i a, imperforation of 
the anus. — at-re-to-cys'ti a, at-re-to-cys'tis, im¬ 
perforation of the bladder. — at-re-to-gas'tri a, 
imperforation of the stomach. —at-re-to-me'tri a, 
atresia of the uterine cervix. — at-re-top'si a, 
atresia of the pupil. — at-re-tor-rhin'i a, atresia 
of the nostrils. —at-re-to-sto'mi a, atresia or im- 
perforation of the mouth. 

at-re-tu-re'thri a. Imperforation of the urethra. 

[< drpTjrog imperforate ovpijBpa urethra.] 
a'tria. Plural of atrium. 
a'tri al. Pertaining to an atrium. 
at'ri-ces. Condylomata, hemorrhoids, or other tu¬ 
mors around the anus. 

a-trich'i a, a-tri-cho'sis, a-tri-chi'a-sis. Absence or 
loss of the hair, Alopecia; trichosis. [<« 
priv. -f Bp'i^ hair.] 

At'riplex. A genus of the natural order Chenopodi- 
a'cece. A. horten'sis, a pot=herb known as orache, 
is emetic and antiscorbutic, 
a-trip'li-cism. A disease of North China, mani¬ 
fested by local oedema, disturbances of sensibil¬ 
ity, and vasomotor and trophic disorders, 
a'trium, pi. -a. An auricle or fore*chamber: ap¬ 
plied especially to the main cavity of a cardiac 
auricle, the main tympanic cavity, or the vesti¬ 
bule of the vulva. A. ante'rius or A. dex'trum*, 
the right auricle. A. poste'rius or A. sinis'trum*, 
the left auricle. [L., the fore*court of a Roman 
villa.] fa'tri al. a'tri o-, pertaining to the auri¬ 
cle: a combining form, as Atrioventricular valves, 
the mitral and tricuspid valves, closing the open¬ 
ings between the cardiac auricles and ventricles. 
At'ropa belladon'na. A solanaceous plant belong¬ 
ing to the narcoticosacrid poisons; deadly night¬ 
shade; BELLADONNA. j^Atropine. A. man- 

drag'ora = MANDRAKE. 

a-trop-am'ine. A base isomeric with belladon- 
NiNE, found in At'ropa belladon'na; apoatropine. 
a'trope line. = Helmholtz’s line. 
a-tro'phia. The Latin for atrophy. A. ablacta- 
to'rum, the emaciation and diarrhoea of newly* 
weaned babes. A. acu'ta jecin'oris, acute yellow 
atrophy of the liver. A. cu'tis = atrophoderma. 
A. linea'ris, lines on the breasts and abdomens of 
women who have been pregnant, indicating for¬ 
mer severe tension of the skin. c^Linea albi- 
cantia. a. un'guis, atrophy of the nails, 
a-troph'ic. See under atrophy. 
a-troph-o-der'ma. Atrophy of the skin, or a patch 
of atrophied skin. There are various kinds, as 
linear or striated, albid or white, neuritic (glossy 
skin), etc. {<aTpo<f>og not nourished4 -skin.] 
ta-troph-o-der-ma-to'sis, any skin disease in 
which there is atrophy of the cutaneous tissue, 


ATROPHY 


97 


ATTIC 


at'ro-pny. A regressive metamorphosis (not always 
due to imperfect nutrition) in which the parts 
become smaller by diminution of their elements, 
either in size {simple a.) or in number {numerical 
a.); according to the classification of Cullen, 
wasting or emaciation, with loss of strength, un¬ 
accompanied by fever. i^-Aplasia ; hypoplasia. 
Besides the varieties of atrophy given below, 
may be mentioned Arthritic, Brown, Com¬ 
pression, Concentric, Correlated, Crossed, 
Cruveilhier’s, Degenerative ( = spino'neural). 
Dental, General, Gray { = gray degenera¬ 
tion), Interstitial, Landouzy * Dejerine, 
Linear, Lipomatous muscular. Myopathic, 
Neuropathic, Neurotic, Optic, Physiological, 
Pigmentary, Qualitative, Quantitative, Red, 
Rheumatic, Rigid, Senile, Serous, Simple, 
Spinoneural, Trophoneurotic, Unilateral 
OF THE FACE, and White. i^An^mia, hy¬ 
pertrophy; MAciEs; phthisis; tabes. Acute 
yellow a. of the liver, a disease marked by jaun¬ 
dice and atrophy of the liver, which becomes 
much reduced in size and colored yellow by bile 
pigment. The various glands are seats of de¬ 
generative changes, and there are grave nervous 
complications, such as delirium, coma, and con¬ 
vulsions, and a rapid pulse. It is due either to 
microparasitic infection or poisoning with phos¬ 
phorus and is usually fatal. A. of disuse, atrophy 
which is the result of prolonged disuse of a part. 
Numerical a., atrophy. A. of the optic 
nerve, a disease of the optic nerve characterized 
by a pale white or grayish appearance of the 
pupil and loss of visual power. It is either pri¬ 
mary or secondary in brain and spinal diseases. 

Methyl alcohol. Progressive muscular a.. 

Progressive. [< L. airo'phia, fr. a priv.-f 
rpoipr/ nourishment.] t^-troph'ic, relating to atro¬ 
phy; characterized by atrophy or failure of 
nutrition, as A. catarrh, atrophic rhinitis: A. 
cirrhosis, a form marked by great overgrowth of 
the interstitial tissue and atrophy of the paren¬ 
chyma, common in hard drinkers: A. excavation 
of the optic = EXCAVATION OF THE OPTIC 

nerve: a. inflammation, plastic inflammation in 
which the new tissue that is formed shrinks so 
as to compress the parts within it, causing their 
atrophy and deformity: A. laryngitis, ^laryn¬ 
gitis: A. lines, i^linea alb ic anti a: A. paraly¬ 
sis, acute anterior poliomyelitis: A. pharyngi¬ 
tis, pharyngitis: A. rhinitis, chronic catarrhal 
rhinitis with atrophy of the mucous and sub¬ 
mucous tissue: A. spinal paralysis, acute ante¬ 
rior poliomyelitis: and A. thrombosis, i^throm- 
Bosis. at'ro-phied, affected with atrophy; wasted, 
a-tro'pia. The 1870 U. S. P. term for atropina*. 

fa-trop'ic, i^atropinic. 
a-trop'ic line. = Helmholtz’s line. 
at-ro-pi'na*, gen. -hcf. The Latin for at'ro-pine, an 
alkaloid, CJ7H23NO3, obtained from At'ropa 
helladon'na Linn6 (Fam. Solana'cece) and from 
other plants of the same family. In commerce it 
usually is found associated with a small amount 
of hyoscyamine. Atropine occurs in rhombic 
crystals, permanent in the air, odorless, having a 
bitter and acrid taste (careful!) and an alkaline 
reaction. It is highly poisonous, and the most 
minute portion has the property of dilating the 
pupil of the eye. Mydriasis. It depends 
chiefly for its therapeutic powers upon, first, its 
sedative action on the peripheral nerves; second, 
its stimulant action on the respiratory centres; 
7 


third, its influence on the heart and vasomotor 
centres. It is largely used as a local remedy for 
application to the eye or to the surface of the 
body, or for subcutaneous injection. It exerts a 
decided influence on the glandular system, and 
checks the functional activity of the salivary and 
perspiratory glands. Dose, 0.0004 to 0.001 Gm. 
(xiii 1^0 S^-)- Do not confuse atropine with the 

resinoid at'ro-pin, which is used for similar pur¬ 
poses but in doses of from 0.003 to 0.005 Gm. 
(2V to jL gr.). Besides the alkaloid and its official 
sulphate, atropi'nae sul'phas *, (C, 7 H 23 N 03 ) 2 .H 2 S 0 „ 
which is used in the same diseases but has the 
advantage of being more soluble in water, various 
salts are employed, as the arsenate, borate, hy¬ 
drobromide, hydrochloride, hydriodate, methyl- 
bromide, oleate, salicylate, santoninate, santonate, 
stearate, and valerate. t^t-ro-pinTc, pertaining 
to atropine, as A. acid, an acid, CgHgOj, produced 
along with tropine when atropine is boiled with 
acids or with alkalies, at'ro-pin-ism or at'ro-pism, 
the full or peculiar influence of atropine upon the 
system. at-ro-pin-i-za'tion or at-ro-pi-za'tion, 
the subjection of the organism, or of any part (as 
the eye), to the influence of atropine, 
at-ro-pur'pu-rin. A crystalline principle from Euon'- 
ymus atropurpu'reus. 

at'ro-scine. An inactive form of hyoscine; racem¬ 
ic scopolamine, 
a-trych'i a. = Atrichia. 

attachement (a-tash-moh). A movement in massage, 
made by starting from some point as a centre 
and describing concentric circles of continually 
increasing size imtil the outside limit of the part 
is reached, and then returning by continually 
smaller circles to the centre. [ F.] 
at-tack'. The onset of or a seizure by disease, 
at'tar. A name sometimes used as equivalent to 
ESSENTIAL OIL. A. of roscs, an essence made 
from the petals of roses, especially the damask* 
rose, by distillation with water, the oil on cool¬ 
ing being collected as it floats on the surface; 
otto of roses. [ < Pers. 'atar essence.] 
attelle (a-td). A firm plate for the immobilization 
of fractures and joints. [ F., fr. L. as'tula splint.] 
at-ten'tion reflex of the pupil. The change in the 
size of the pupil upon sudden fixing of the atten¬ 
tion; Piltz’s reflex. 

at-ten'u-ant. Causing thinness, as medicine sup¬ 
posed to make the blood thinner or more fluid 
as water, whey, etc. [ < L. atten'uans, fr. attenua're 
to make thin.] 

at-ten-u-a'tion. i. The lessening of weight, as by 
dietetic and medicinal treatment; emaciation. 
2. Dilution, as when a fluid becomes of less 
specific gravity, having parted with its carbonic 
acid gas by fermentation, Homceopathy. 3. 
The division of a material into small particles. 
4. A process of lessening the pathogenic quality 
of a virus, micro*organism, or disease, by 
various methods, such as weakening the zymogenic 
functions of an organism by growing it on a 
medium containing an antiseptic. [ < L. attenu- 
a'tio, fr. attenua're to make thin.] f^t-ten'u-a-ted, 
as A. <M 6 erCM/ 05 t 5 = SCR 0 FUL 0 TUBERCUL 0 SIS. 
at-ter'mi-nal. =Adterminal. 
at'tic. In the tympanum, a pyramidal recess above 
both the atrium and the tympanic phrt of 
the external meatus. It is partly occupied by 
the incus and the malleus, and the petromastoid 
canal connects it with the antrum of the mas¬ 
toid. A. disease, chronic inflammation of the 


ATTITUDE 


98 


AUDITORY 


attic. [ < L. at'iicus.] fat-ti-ci'tis. at'ti-co-, per¬ 
taining to the attic: a combining form, as at*ti- 
co-an-trot'o-my, the simultaneous opening of the 
external auditory meatus and the mastoid proc¬ 
ess for the removal of pus: at*ti-co-mas'toid, per¬ 
taining to the attic and the mastoid process of 
the temporal bone: and at-ti-cot'o-my, the sur¬ 
gical opening of the attic, 
at'ti-tude. tm- Posture. 

attitudes passionnelles (at-i-tiid-pas-i-o-nd). Atti¬ 
tudes expressive of various emotions, such as 
anger, grief, fear, joy, sensual enjoyment, etc., 
seen in the third stage of hystero=epilepsy. [F.] 
at-toFlens. i. Raising up. A. au'rem, or 
auric'ulam, a triangular muscle above the ear 
which draws the auricle upward; auricularis su¬ 
perior. A. hu'menun = DELTOID muscle, 2. A 
muscle that raises a part. A. au'ris = A. aurem. 
A. oc'uli = RECTUS ocuLi SUPERIOR. [ < L. attoV- 
lere to raise up.] 
at-ton'i-ty. Catatonic rigidity, 
atton'itus. Stunned, morbus a. = apoplexy. 
at-trac'tion. An essential property of matter where¬ 
by one particle or mass of matter is drawn 
to or toward another. Capillary a.; cohes¬ 
ion; adhesion; gravity; magnet. A.of affinity, 
the tendency of the atoms of different bodies to 
combine to form chemical compounds. 1®- Af¬ 
finity. A. sphere, the clear area surrounding 
the CENTROSOME (A. particle) of a cell. [< L. 
attra'here to draw toward.] f^^t-trac'tive. 
at'tra-hens. Drawing forward: specifically the A. 
au'rem, au'ris, or auric'ulam, a muscle, often a 
part of the attolens aurem, which draws the 
ear forward and upward; auricularis anterior; 
anterior auris; prior auriculae. [< L. attra'here 
to draw to or toward.] fat'tra-hent, as . 4 . med¬ 
icine, one which irritates the surface, thereby at¬ 
tracting the fluids to the part, as a blister or 
sinapism, e®* Epispastic, 
at'trax-ine. A substance having the property of 
stirring the cells into activity, as scarlet red in 
the case of the epithelial cells. (Fischer.) 
at'tri-bute. A characteristic; that which is perma¬ 
nent and essential in an individual or a species, 
at-tri'tion. i. An abrasion, or solution of continu¬ 
ity of the cuticle. 2. A severe kind of cardial- 
gia. 3. In surgery, the violent crushing of a 
part. 4. A frictionssound heard in auscultation. 
A. murmur, i®- pericardial murmur. [< L. 
attri'tio, fr. atte'rere to rub against.] 

At. wt. Abbr. for atomic weight. 
a-typ'ic, a-typ'i-cal. Conforming to no type, hence, 
irregular, as A . fever, a fever in which the symp¬ 
toms are irregular: and A. leukaemia, leukaemia 
not of the pure lymphatic or splenomyelogenous 
type: including besides the mixed leukaemias 
such conditions as circulating myelomatosis, 
myeloma, leukanaemia, pseudoleukaemia, etc. 

Au. Chemical symbol for gold (aurum). 
au-an'tic. Marked by wasting; atrophic. [< Gr.] 
Aubergier’s syrup (6-ber-zhi-ez). A sedative syrup 
containing about 3^ grs. of lactucarium to 
the fluid ounce. 

Au-bert’s phenomenon. An optical illusion in 
which a vertical line app»'ars inclined to the 
other side when the head is turned to one side, 
au-che-nom'e-lus. A monster with accessory parts 
joined to the neck. [ < avxv'^ neck -f /zcAof limb.] 
au-che-no-zos'ter. Herpes zoster of the neck. 
Auchmeromy'ia lute'ola. An African fly. Its larva 
(the Congo floor ^maggot) feeds on the blood of 


the natives and is a rare instance of a blood* 
sucking larva. [ 5 . ’09.] 

au-di-om'e-ter. A device for measuring or esti¬ 
mating the sensitiveness of the ear for sounds; 
acoutometer. Microphone. [<C L. audi're to 
hear -f (lerpov measure.] fau'di-o-met'ric. au- 
di-om'e-try, the testing of the sense of hearing, 
au'di-phone. A fan*shaped instrument held in the 
teeth by the deaf in lesions of the middle ear 
carrying sonorous vibrations to the internal ear by 
the bony walls of the labyrinth; dentaphone. 
au-di'tion. The act of hearing; the perception of 
sound; the sensation made by sonorous vibra¬ 
tions of air, etc., on the auditory nerves, e*’ 
Chromatic audition. [< L. audi're to hear.] 
au'di-to-ry. Belonging to the organ or the sense 
of hearing; acoustic; otic. e$-Auricular; au- 
RICULO-; ear; OTO-. A. amnesia, acoustic am¬ 
nesia. A. area = A. centre. A. apparatus, the 
organ of hearing taken as a whole; organon audi- 
tus*. A. artery, internal, a branch of the basilai 
artery to the internal ear. A. aura, a subjective 
sensation of hearing preceding an epileptic attack. 
A. bulb, the membranous labyrinth and cochlea. 
A. canal, external, the canal leading from the 
external ear to the tympanic membrane; the ex¬ 
ternal auditory meatus. A. canal, internal, the 
canal beginning at the posterior surface of the 
petrous bone and transmitting the auditory and 
facial nerves and the auditory blood=vessels. A. 
capsule, the cartilaginous or bony envelope sur¬ 
rounding the membranous labyrinth. A. cells = 
ACOUSTIC HAiRsCELLs. A. Centre, the brain Centre 
governing the hearing and appreciation of sound, 
supposed to be located within the superior tem¬ 
poral convolution. A. duct, the space between 
the membrana tectoria and the basilar membrane 
of the cochlea. A. dysaesthesia = dysacusis. A. 
eminence = EMiNENTiA acustica. A. field, the 
space within which a soimd may be heard. A. 
ganglion = ACCESSORY auditory nucleus, A. 
hairs, the hairs of the specialized epithelial cells 
of the cristae acusticae and maculae acusticae. A. 
h5rperaesthesia = HYPERiESTHEsiA acustica. A. 
image, mental images. A. lobe, e^ physiolog¬ 
ical LOBES. A. meatus, e®- meatus audito- 
Rius and A. canal. A. nerve, the eighth 
cranial nerve, now recognized as consisting 
of two distinct nerves, the cochlear and the 
vestibular. A. nerve, roots of, a lateral, super¬ 
ficial, dorsal, inferior, or posterior, which is con¬ 
nected especially with the accessory auditory- 
nucleus and constitutes the cochlear division of 
the auditory nerve; and a mesial, deep, ventral, 
superior, or anterior, which arises principally from 
Deiters’s and the chief auditory nucleus, and con¬ 
stitutes the vestibular division. A. nuclei, three 
masses of gray matter in the medulla oblongata 
in which the auditory nerves arise, e^ Accesso¬ 
ry AUDITORY nucleus; Deiters’s nucleus; 
PRINCIPAL AUDITORY NUCLEUS; BeCHTEREW’s 
NUCLEUS. A. ossicles, the bones of the ear; the 
incus, malleus, and stapes; ossicula audiius*. A. 
pit, a depression of the ectoderm on each side of 
the cephalic end of the neural tube of the em¬ 
bryo, being the first indication of the developing 
internal ear. A. plate, the bony plate forming 
the roof of the auditory meatus. A. process, the 
tympanic ring. A. reflex, reflex irritation pro¬ 
duced by stimulation of the auditory nerve. A. 
rods, the rods of Corti. A. roots, t®-A. nerve, 
ROOTS OF. A. sac. I. An ectodermic sac which 


AUENBRUGGER’S SIGN 


99 


AURICULAR 


is formed by the further development of the 
auditory pit, from which the membranous laby¬ 
rinth is developed. 2. One of the rudimentary 
organs of hearing, as are found in antennae of in¬ 
sects and certain embryos of vertebrates. A. 
sand = OTOLITH. A. spectrum, cs-photism. A. 
striae = STRIAE medullares*. A. teeth, teeth* 
like tubercles in the cochlea of the ear; Corti’s 
teeth; hair*teeth. A. tube. i. The external 
auditory meatus. 2. The Eustachian tube. A. 
tubercle, a prominence on the floor of the fourth 
ventricle, on the outer side of the fovea inferior. 
A. vertigo, Meniere’s disease. A. vesicle, an 
expansion of the epiblast of the embryo on either 
side of the head, which develops into the mem¬ 
branous labyrinth; acoustic vesicle; otic vesicle. 
[< L. audito'rius, fr. audi're to hear.] fau-dit'- 

U al = AUDITORY. 

• Au'en-brug-ger’s sign. Precordial and epigastric 
bulging, seen in acute pericarditis with effusion. 
[< Leopold Auenbrugger, 1722-1809.] 
Au'er-bach’s ganglia. Small ganglia in Auerbach’s 
plexus. A.’s plexus, a plexus of sympathetic 
fibres between the longitudinal and circular 
intestinal muscle*fibres; plexus myentericus. 
Au'frecht’s disease. Acute parenchymatous changes 
seen in the liver and kidney in infectious icterus. 
A.’s sign or symptom, a harsh breathing sound 
heard above the jugular fossa in tracheal stenosis, 
aug-men-ta'tion. The increase of the symptoms 
of a disease, especially at the beginning of an 
attack. [< L. augmenia're to increase.] 
aug-men'tor nerves. The accelerator nerves of the 
heart. 

au-gna'thus. A monster with a double lower jaw. 

[ < ay again + yvadog jaw.] 
auffa. The anterior part of the third ventricle of 
the cerebrum. [ L., “a hall.”] as A. 

recess, a triangular depression surrounded by the 
precommissure and the two fornicolumns of the 
brain: and A. region, the anterior portion of the 
third ventricle. 

au-la-co-me'le. A grooved probe, 
au-la-te'la. The membranous covering of the aula, 
au-li-plex'us. That portion of the choroid plexus 
which is within the aula. [< Aula + plexus.] 
au'lix. The fissure of Monro; sulcus monroi. [ L., 
“a furrow.”] * 

au'ra, pi. aurce, or as recommended by Gowers, 
auras, i. A subjective sensation, as of a draught 
or stream of air, especially when preceding and 
giving warning of an epileptic attack. It may 
be of an optic, olfactory, gustatory, auditory, 
motor, sensory, or vasomotor origin, Epigas¬ 
tric AURA. A. elec'trica, “electrical breeze,” 
the sensation as of cold air, experienced when 
electricity is received from a sharp point. A. 
epilep'tica, the sensation felt by epileptic patients 
when a fit is coming on, as of a cold fluid rising 
toward the head. A. hyster'ica, the sensation 
as of cold air ascending to the head, said to 
occur sometimes in hysteria. A. vertigino'sa, a 
sudden attack of vertigo, occurring in certain 
neuroses, as hypochondria. 2. A subtile vapor 
or exhalation. A. san'guinis, the odor of fresh 
blood. A. semina'Iis, A. sem'inis, the supposed 
vivifying principle of the semen, formerly believed 
to ascend through the fallopian tubes, thereby 
impregnating the ovum in the ovary. A. vita'- 
lis, the vital principle. [ L., fr. avpa breath.] 
au^ral. i. Pertaining to or of the nature of an 
aura. [ < .'\ura.] 2. Pertaining to the ear. A. 


calculus, a hardened lump of cerumen in the 
external auditory canal. A. forceps, a forceps 
adapted for operations on the ear. A. fungi = 
OTOMYCOSIS. A. massage, massage performed by 
alternately moving backward and forward the 
auricle, with associate movements of the sterno¬ 
cleidomastoid and occipital muscles. ^Oto¬ 
massage; PNEUMOMASSAGE. A. reflex, any re¬ 
flex associated with the auditory apparatus, as 
that of tympanic compensation. A. speculum 
= EARssPECULUM; and A. vertigo, Meniere’s 
DISEASE. [< L. au'ris ear.] 
au'ra-min. =Pyoktanin, yellow. 
au-ran-ti-am'a-rin. A glucoside from bitter orange 
peel. 

auran'tii ama'ri cor'tex*. Bitter orange peel, the 
dried rind of the unripe fruit of Cii'rus vulga'ris. 
It is a mild tonic, carminative, and stomachic. 
Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). A. dul'cis cor'tex*, sweet 
orange peel, the recently separated outer rind of 
the fruit of C. auran'iiuni. It is aromatic. 
Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). A. flo'res, orange flowers, 
the partly expanded fresh flowers of C. auran'- 
tium a.nd C. vulgaris. A. fruc'tus = aurantium. 
au-ran'tin. = Heptane. 

au-ran'ti um. The orange, the fruit of Cii'rus 
bigara'dia, C. auran'iiuni, and C. vulga'ris. 
au-re'o-la. A ring of color; an areola. [L.] 
au-re'o-line. A diluted solution of hydrogen per¬ 
oxide, used as a hair*bleach. 
au'ri et so'dii chlo'ridum*. Gold and sodium chlo¬ 
ride: a mixture composed of equal parts, by 
weight, of anhydrous gold chloride and sodium 
chloride, representing not less than 30% of metal¬ 
lic gold. It is reputed to be alterative and to have 
a specific effect upon the genital organs. It is 
used in hysteria, ovarian irritation, neuralgia, 
etc., and has been recommended in syphilis, 
chronic rheumatism, and diabetes mellitus. Re¬ 
cently it has been much used for the alcohol 
habit. ^Gold. Dose, 0.005 (tV S’*-)- 
au'ric acid. A name for gold peroxide, Au(OH).,, 
so called from, its property of forming salts (au- 
rates) with alkaline bases: auric hydrate. A. 
chloride = GOLD chloride. 
au'ri-cle. i. A chamber at the base of each side 
of the heart; auricula cordis; atrium cordis. The 
right auricle receives the venous blood from the 
superior and inferior venae cavae, and the left au¬ 
ricle the oxygenated blood from the lungs by 
means of the pulmonary veins, Heart. 2. 
The external portion of the ear, with an ex¬ 
ternal and internal surface ; pinna. [< L. 
auric'ula.^ 

auric'ula. Latin for auricle. A. in'fima, the 
lobe of the ear. 

au-ric'u-lar. Belonging to the ear or the auricle. 
A. angle, any angle formed by the intersection of 
two auricular radii. A. appendix, the forsv^ard pro¬ 
longation of the auricle of the heart; dog’s ear. 
A. arc, an arc joining any two auricular radii. A. 
artery, any one of several arteries distributed to 
various parts of the ear. A. canal, i. = Au¬ 
ditory CANAL, external. 2. In the fetal heart, 
the constricted passage between the parts which 
later form the auricle and the ventricle. A. cana¬ 
liculus, a minute foramen in the inner wall of the 
jugular fossa for the passage inward of the auric¬ 
ular branch of the vagus nerve. A. cartilage, an 
ear*shaped plate of cartilage uniting the sacrum 
and the ilium at the sacrodliac articulation. A. 
depression, the great depression in the sphyg- 


AURICULARE 


100 


AUSTRALENE 


mographic tracing of the venous pulse. It 
represents the diastole of the auricle, by which 
the heart dilates and sucks in the blood from the 
veins. A. diameter = binauricular diameter. 
A. finger, the little finger; so called because it may 
be readily introduced into the tube of the ear. A. 
fissure, a fissure in the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone, containing the auricular branch 
of the pneumogastric nerve. A. foramen, the 
opening of the external auditory meatus. A. 
height, the perpendicular distance from the up¬ 
per edge of the auricular foramen to the top of 
the skull. A. index, the number obtained by di¬ 
viding the greatest breadth of the auricle of the 
ear into its greatest height multiplied by loo. A, 
ligaments, two bands, an anteroposterior and a su¬ 
perior, which assist in attaching the auricle to the 
side of the head. A. muscles, grouped as the ex¬ 
trinsic SiVid the. intrinsic, the former include the 
rudimentary anterior, superior, and posterior au¬ 
ricular muscles; the latter the indirect muscular 
bands extending between parts of the pinna, as 
the helicis major and helicis minor, the tragicus, 
the aniitragicus, the transversus auris, and the ob- 
liquus auris. A. opening, the opening of the ex¬ 
ternal auditory meatus. A. point, the centre of 
the opening of the external auditory meatus. A. 
process (of the inferior ^Mrfeiwa/) = maxillary 
PROCESS. A. radii, lines or their projections on the 
cranium at right angles to a line uniting the au¬ 
ricular points. A. septum = SEPTUM auricu- 
LARUM. A. sinus, a cavity in the right auricle of 
the heart between the two venae cavae. A. sulcus 
= A. FISSURE. A. surface, the broad ear=shaped 
lateral surface of the sacrum, which articulates 
with the ilium. A. systole, contraction of the 
auricles of the heart. A. vertigo = Meniere’s 
DISEASE. A. wave, a wave in the sphygmo- 
gram of the venous pulse, and caused by the 
systole of the heart’s auricle. [< L. auricula'ris.] 
au-ric-u-la're. A craniometrical point at the top 
of the opening of the external auditory meatus, 
auricula'ris. Auricular, as one of, certain muscles 
and nerves. A. ante'rior = attrahens aurem. 
A. mag'nus, an ascending and superficial branch 
of the cervical plexus. A. poste'rior = posterior 
AURIS. A. supe'rior = ATTOLLENS aurem. 
au-ric'u-lo-. Relating to the ear or to the auricle 
of the heart; a combining form. t^Oro-. [< 
Auricula.] au-ric'U-lo-breg-mat'ic, pertaining 
to the ear (or auricula) and to the bregma, as A. 
diameter or line, the straight line joining the 
centre of the external auditory meatus and the 
bregma.— au-ric'u-lo-cra'ni al, pertaining to the 
auricle and the cranium.— au-ric*u-lo-fa'ci al 
angle, an auricular angle whose sides pass through 
the face.— au-ric‘u-lo-fron'tal angle = frontal 
ANGLE.— au-ric'u-lo=in-fra-or'bi-tal plane, a plane 
through the upper edge of the auricular foramen 
and the lower edge of the orbit; Holder’s hori¬ 
zontal.— au-ric’u-lo=oc-cip'i-tal angle, that formed 
by the suboccipital and supra=occipital angles 
combined.— •au-ric’u-lo-pa-ri'e-tal, as A. angle, the 
parietal angle of Broca; and A. index, the number 
obtained by multiplying the binauricular diam¬ 
eter by loo and dividing the result by the max¬ 
imum cranial breadth.— au-ric*u-lo-par-o-tid'- 
e an, relating to the auricle of the ear and the 
parotid gland. — au-ric'u-lo-spi'nal plane, the 
plane passing through the two auricular points 
and the acanthion; Camper’s horizontal.— au- 
ric'u-lo-sub-na'sal line, a line from the auricular 


point to the acanthion.— au-ric‘U-lo-tem'po-ral 
nerve, a branch of the inferior maxillary nerve 
distributed to the external ear and the temporal 
region; nervus auriculoiemporalis*. — au-ric'u-lo- 
ven-tric'u-lar, relating to an auricle and a ven¬ 
tricle, as A. groove, the groove encircling the 
heart transversely and separating the auricles 
from the ventricles; A. opening or ring, the 
opening between the auricle and the ventricle of 
each side of the heart; and A. valves, the valves 
which guard the auriculoventricular opening, the 
tricuspid valve on the right side, the mitral 
valve on the left, i®* Heartsblock.— au-ric‘u- 
lo-ver'ti-cal index, the number obtained by mul¬ 
tiplying the auricular height by loo and dividing 
the result by the maximum cranial length, 
au-ri-fi-ca'tion. The repairing of the teeth with 
gold. [< L. au'rum gold + fa'cere to make.] 
au-ri'go, au-ru'go. i. Orange skin, an orange hue 
diffused over the entire surface of the skin in 
new=born infants. 2. An old name for jaundice. 
[< L. au'rum gold.] fau-rig'i-nous. 
au'ri-lave. An instrument for washing out the ear. 
au'rin. Pararosolic acid, CjgHj^Og; an orange*col- 
ored dye. [< L. au'rum gold.] 
au-ri-na'sal. Pertaining to the ear and the nose, 
au'rine R. =Corallin. 

au'ri-punc-ture. The surgical puncture of the mem¬ 
brane of the tympanum. 

au'ris*. The ear. It is divided into the external, 
the middle, and the internal ear. [L.] 
au'ri-scalp, au-ri-scal'pi um. A device for cleansing 
the ear. [< L. au'ris ear + seal'pere to scrape.] 
au'ri-scope. An instrument for examining the ear 
and for ascertaining the condition of the eusta- 
chian passage; an otoscope. [< L. au'ris ear-l- 
GKOTtelv to examine.] jau-ris'eo-py. 
au'rist. A physician who gives especial attention 
to diseases of the ear. 

aurona'trium chlora'tum. =Auri et sodii chlo- 
ridum*. 

au-ru'go. = Aurigo. 

au'rum. Latin for gold. A. musi'vum, tin bisul¬ 
phide. A. vegetab'ile, saffron, 
aus-cul-ta'tion. The act of listening to the sound 
given by particular parts of the body when 
stmek, or to the sound produced by the func¬ 
tional movements of the lungs or heart, Pal¬ 
pation; PERCUSSION. Immediate a., ausculta¬ 
tion practised directly by the ear of the practi¬ 
tioner without the aid of an instrument. Mediate 
a., auscultation performed by employing a stetho¬ 
scope or some similar instrument. Obstetric a., 
that employed during pregnancy, for detection of 
the fetal heart ^sounds or the placental murmur. 
A. tube, a tube connecting the patient’s ear with 
that of the observer, so that sounds caused by 
inflating the patient’s tympanum may be heard 
by the observer. [< L. ausculta're to listen.] 
faus'cult, aus'cul-tate, aus-cul'ta-tive. aus'cul- 
ta-tor, one who performs auscultation; an in¬ 
strument used in auscultation, aus-cul'ta-to-ry, 
as A. percussion, percussion in which the sound 
is heard by placing the ear or stethoscope near 
or against the percussed part: and A. tube = 
AUSCULTATION TUBE. aUS-CUl'tO-SCOpC = PHON- 
ENDOSCOPE. 

aus-tere'. Harsh, sour, or crabbed to the taste: used 
mainly of astringent wines and fruits, faus-ter'i-ty. 
aus'tra-lene, aus-tra-ter-e-bin'thene. A hydrocar¬ 
bon, CjgHjg, from the turpentine of Pi'nus aus- 
tra'lis, the North American longdeaved pine. 


AUSTRALIAN BLIGHT 


101 


AUTO- 


Aus-tral'ian blight. = Angioneurotic cedema. 

A. fever bark = Alstonia constricta. 
au-tal'gi a. Pain for which no cause can be ascer¬ 
tained. [ < avrdg self + dA/of pain.] 
au'tan. A disinfectant mixture of barium peroxide 
and paraformaldehyde, formaldehyde gas being 
evolved on the addition of water, 
au-tech'o-scope. An instrument for the auscultation 
of one’s own chest. [< avrdg self -f- sound 
+(yK 07 relv to inspect.] 
au-te'cic. =Autoecic. 

au-te-me'si a. Vomiting with no assignable cause. 

[ <^avr6g self + kfielv to vomit.] 
au-teu-neu'chus. A man who has castrated himself. 

[<ai;rdf self + evvov^oc eunuch.] 
au-thy-gi-an'sis. Spontaneous recovery from dis¬ 
ease. [< avrd^ se\i -\-vyLavGLq cure.] 
au'to-. Denoting self, of one’s self, of itself: a com¬ 
bining form. [ <adro(: one’s self.] audosa-bor'- 
tion, a criminal abortion violently produced by 
the pregnant woman herself without other per¬ 
sonal aid. [ A. M.’04.] — au-tosac-cu-sa'tion, 
self^accusation: common in certain forms of 
insanity and melancholy.— au’tpsan-ti-bod'y, an 
antibody against products of the individual in 
which it is formed, as an auiohcemolysin from a 
reabsorbed internal hemorrhage.— au-tosau'di- 
ble, audible to the patient himself, as the heart* 
beat, in certain conditions. — au'to-blast, an in¬ 
dependent bioblast.— au'to-ca-tal'y-sis, the proc¬ 
ess in the course of any chemical reaction by 
which the products formed may themselves in 
certain cases act as catalysts and alter the veloc¬ 
ity of the reaction. A possible causal relation 
between this process and infection has been sug¬ 
gested. [T[ L. j. ’07.] — au-to-cath'e-ter-ism, the 
passage of a catheter upon one’s self.— au-toch'- 
thon, pi. auioch'thones. i. The first or original 
inhabitant of a country. 2. An autochthonous 
thrombus or clot.— au-toch'tho-nous, found or 
remaining in the place where it was formed: 
said of thrombi, clots, etc., as A. ulcer = chancre. 
—au-to-ci-ne'sis, motion depending on one’s self; 
voluntary motion, tau'to-ci-net'ic. — au-tocTa- 
sis, the breaking up of a part or organ as a result 
of influences inherent in itself.—iau'to-clave. i. A 
self*closing mechanism, like that which pre¬ 
vents the exit of blood and thus causes the erec¬ 
tion of the penis. 2. An apparatus for steriliz¬ 
ing culture media, etc., by steam under pressure. 
— au-toc'ly-sis, the administration of an enema 
by the patient himself.— au’to-con-duc'tion, a 
method of using the high*frequency current, in 
which the part or limb to be acted upon is placed 
within the solenoid and there is no direct con¬ 
nection with any part of the circuit.— au-toc'- 
ra-cy. i. The vital principle, or the individuality 
of an organism. 2. Any disease, considered as 
an ens, or an independent principle. — au-to- 
cys'to-plas-ty, plastic surgery of the bladder 
with grafts taken from some part of the pa¬ 
tient’s own body.—au-to-cy-to-tox'in, a cytotoxin 
formed within the body by the retention or ab¬ 
sorption of the products of dead or degenerated 
cells.— au’to-di-ag-no'sis, self*diagnosis.— au*to- 
di-dact', one self*taught in his profession.— 
au*to-di-ges'tion = autopepsia. — au-tce'cic, hav¬ 
ing a home on the same organism: applied to 
parasites that spend their whole existence on the 
same organism.— au’tosep-i-la'tion, spontaneous 
falling out of the hair.— au-to-fun'do-scope, a 
fundoscope for the examination of one’s own 


eyes.— au-to-gen'e-sis. i. Selfsproduction; the 
origination of a disease from causes which exist 
within the organism. 2. Self*reparation, as in 
wounds. |au-to-ge-net'ic, au-tog'e-nous, as A. 
disease, a disease produced within the body and 
not derived from outside: and A. meial, in den¬ 
tistry, metal united without solder. — au'to- 
graph-ism, au-to-graph'ic skin, a condition of the 
skin, seen in hysteria, in which marks made 
upon it leave red traces which last for a con¬ 
siderable time. — au‘to-hae-mol'y-sin, ts- auto* 
ANTIBODY. — au-to-hyp'no-tism, au’to-hyp-no'sis, 
self=induced hypnotism, Hypnotism, fau*- 
to-hyp-not'ic. — au’tosim-mu-ni-za'tion, immuni¬ 
zation brought about by the natural processes 
within the body.— au'tosin-fec'tion = self*in- 
FECTioN. — au'tosin-fu'sion, forcing of the blood 
toward the heart by compression of the abdom¬ 
inal aorta, bandaging of the extremities, etc.— 
au'to=in-oc-u-la'tion, inoculation of a sound part 
of the body with virus derived from an infected 
part, as from a chancroid. tau*to=in-oc'u-la-ble. 

— au-to=in'suf-fla-tor, an instrument, to be used 
by the patient himself, for blowing medicinal, 
powders into any cavity, normal or other, of the 
body, fau’tosin-suf-fla'tion. —• aiutosin-tox-i-ca'- 
tion, poisoning with toxic products elaborated 
within the body; self*infection. f^^'toAn-tox'i- 
cant. — au’tosi-sol'y-sin, an isolysin which dis¬ 
solves the corpuscles of the individual from which 
it was obtained, as well as those of other indi¬ 
viduals of the same species.— au-to-ki-ne'sis = 
AUTociNEsis. fau’to-ld-net'ic. — audo-la-ryn'go- 
scope, a laryngoscope by which one may in¬ 
spect the interior of his own larynx, fau'to-la- 
ryn-gos'co-py. — au*to-la-vage', self*lavage.— au*- 
to-li-thot'o-my, the operation of cutting one’s self 
for calculus. — au-tol'y-sate. \^J.A.M.A. ij. 
’10.]— au-tol'y-sin, a lysin which destroys the cor- 
pu.scles of the individual in whose serum it was 
developed.— au-tol'y-sis. i. The self*digestion of 
inflammatory products within the living body. 
2. The action of an autolysin. 3. The catabo¬ 
lism of proteids which takes place within the cells 
of the various tissues by means of enzymes native 
to the cell, cf-Autocatalysis, -j-au-to-lyt'ic. 
—au‘to-mas-sage'=SELF*MAssAGE.—au-to-mat'- 
ic, performed without the will; spontaneous, 
as digestion, the heart’s action, etc. A. centre, a 
group of nerve*cells. in the spinal cord capable of 
producing motion independently of volition or re¬ 
flection. A. chorea, a disease marked by the 
performance of actions apparently intentional, 
but which are really performed independently of 
the will in response to an impulse which is either 
spontaneous or the result of some external stim¬ 
ulus. Jumper. A. mallet, a dental instru¬ 
ment, operated by means of a spring, for packing 
gold in filling teeth. A. motor misery, outward 
gestures and expressions of deepest misery with¬ 
out cause or memory of them and passing off in 
a moment: seen in senile insanity. A. move¬ 
ment, an involuntary motion having its origin in 
the nerve*centre which controls the part moved. 

— au-tom'a-tism, the automatic or spontaneous 
performance of a function; movement not 
prompted by a conscious volition, as Ambula¬ 
tory a., the automatic impulse to wander, occur¬ 
ring in insanity, hysteria, and epilepsy. — au-to- 
mat'o-graph, an instrument for the recording of 
involuntary movements. — au*to-mu-ti-la'tion = 
SELF*MUTiLATioN. — au*to-mys-o-pho'bi a, morbid 


AUTO- 


102 


AVARIE 


dread of personal uncleanliness.— au*to-nar-co'sis, 
narcosis due to some influence within the organism 
itself; selfsproduced narcosis.— au-ton'o-my, in¬ 
dependence; the condition of having independent 
functions, limitations, and laws. f^-U-to-nom'ic, 
au-ton'o-mous, as A. movement, a spontaneous 
movement: and A. fibres, A. nervous system, the 
efferent nerve^hbres of the sympathetic sys¬ 
tem.— au'tosoph-thal'mo-scope, an ophthalmo¬ 
scope designed for the examination of one’s 
own eyes. t^u*tosoph-thal-mos'co-py. — au'to- 
pa-thog'ra-phy, a written account of one’s 
own symptoms or disorders, — au-top'a-thy, 
a disease without exterior causation. fau-to- 
path'ic. — au-to-pep'si a, selfsdigestion, such as 
sometimes occurs around the edges of a gastric 
ulcer, or after death, by the action of the gastric 
juice on the coats of the stomach.— au-toph'a-gy, 
au-to-pha'gi a, selfsdevouring; the wasting that 
occurs in voluntary fasting; the swallowing of 
one’s own blood, or the devouring of one’s own 
flesh.— au-to-phil'i a, inordinate or insane self* 
esteem. — au-to-pho'bi a, abnormal fear of one’s 
self or of solitude.— au-to-pho'ni a. i. Self-mur¬ 
der; suicide. [c^cpSvog murder.] 2. = Auto- 
phony. [ < (ptjv^ voice.] — au‘to-pho-no-ma'ni a, 
suicidal mania or insanity; insanity with suicidal 
impulses.— au-toph'o-ny. i. A form of ausculta¬ 
tion in which the observer speaks with his head 
close to the patient’s chest, noting the change in 
his own voice. The sound will in some cases be 
sensibly modified by the condition of the subja¬ 
cent organs. 2. A derangement of hearing in 
which the patient’s voice seems to himself to be 
abnormally loud. f^u-toph'o-nous. — au-toph- 
thal'mo-scope = AUTo-oPHTHALMoscoPE.— au'to- 
plas-ty, plastic operations by means of healthy 
parts taken from the neighborhood of the lesion. 
^ Heteroplasty; homoplasty, f^u-to-plas'- 
tic. — au*to-pre-cip'i-tin, a precipitin which acts 
on the serum of the animal from which it was 
obtained.— au*to-pros-thet'ic, pertaining to the 
restoration of a part (as a tooth) by a so- 
called automatic process. — au-top'so-rin, that 
which is given under the homoeopathic doc¬ 
trine of administering a patient’s own virus. 

— au'top-sy. I, Ocular examination. 2. = 
Postmortem. fau-top'sic, au-top'tic.— auffo- 
psy-chor-rhyth'mi a, a morbid rhythmic activity 
of the brain: symptomatic of grave insanity, 

— au-tor'rha-phy, a method of closing wounds 
by using strands of living tissue, dissected out 
and split off from the flaps of the wound, in¬ 
stead of sutures.— au'to-scope, an instrument for 
the self-examination of certain organs, as the 
eyes or larynx. tau-tos'ea-py. — au-to-se-ro- 
ther'a-py, treatment of disease of a part with se¬ 
rum derived from that part: thus pleurisy has 
been treated by the reinjection of some of the 
effusion obtained by puncture.— au-to-se'rous, 
derived from or accomplished by one’s own serum. 

— au’to-si-ta'ri us, either part of a double monster 
which is composed of two equally developed in¬ 
dividuals.— au'to-site. i. A monster capable of 
living after birth. 2. A monster capable of sus¬ 
taining its own life by the processes of nutrition 
and at the same time nourishing a parasite twin 
monster; a monster on or in which a parasite 
twin lives, fau-to-sit'ic. — au’to-sper-mo-tox'in, 
a substance which is capable of agglutinating 
the spermatozoa of the animal in which it is 
formed.— au'to-spray, a spraying -apparatus for 


use by the patient himself.— au-to-steth'o-scope, 
a stethoscope for examining the condition of one’s 
own chest.— au‘to-sug-ges'tion, suggestion coming 
from one’s self without any extraneous influence, 
especially the apparently spontaneous suggestion 
to the mind of ideas derived from impressions 
made while their subject was in a hypnotized 
state. I®-Traumatic a. fau'to-sug-ges-ti-bil'i-ty. 

— au-to-tem'nous, capable of self-division or 
spontaneous fission: said of cells which multiply 
by fission, as colorless blood-cells, fau-to-tem'- 
non, a cell so dividing.— au*to-ther-a-pei'a, au-to- 
ther'a-py, the cure of disease by self-limitation 
or by some spontaneous action.— au-tot'o-my, the 
phenomenon observed in certain animals, as the 
crab, by which they abandon a part of them¬ 
selves, usually a claw, when attempting to 
escape a danger.— au*to-tox-ae'mi a, -tox-e'mi a, 
-tox-i-co'sis, poisoning of the system by the 
absorption of morbid matter from patho¬ 
logical fluids lodged in the body; auto-infection.— 
au-to-tox'in, any poisonous principle produced 
within the body and having a toxic effect on it. 
fau-to-tox'ic. — au-to-tox'is = auto-intoxica¬ 
tion. —au*to-trans-fu'sion, the forcing of the blood 
into the brain or the vital organs by means of 
bandages placed upon the limbs and by elevating 
the hips. It is sometimes resorted to after severe 
hemorrhage. — au‘to-trep-a-na'tion, relief of 
pressure symptoms in the brain by the removal of 
bone through its erosion by a tumor. — au*to-ty- 
phi-za'tion, the production of a condition simulat¬ 
ing typhoid fever, due to imperfect elimination 
of waste materials, especially after severe exercise. 

— au'to-vac-ci-na'tion, vaccination with virus de¬ 
veloped in one’s own body. ^Auto-inoculation. 

au-tox-ae'mi a. = Autotox^mia. 
au'tumn catarrh. Hay fever occurring in the fall. 
Auvard's incubator (6-varz), An apparatus with 
movable ventilating tubes, rotary fan, and hot-air 
chamber: used for premature infants, 
aux-a-nog'ra-phy. A method for determining the 
best culture-medium for a bacterium: made by 
placing drops of different solutions on a plate 
culture of a poor medium. The strongest colo¬ 
nies grow on the spot containing the most suit¬ 
able medium. [ < av^dveiv to grow -f- ypdcfeiv to 
write.] faux'a-no-gram, the plate culture so used, 
aux-a-nom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
growth of young organisms: used in biology, 
aux-e'sis. i. Growth or increase, as of a disease 
or of a symptom in severity. 2. The stage of 
increase. 

aux-il'i-a-ry. Aiding; helping; adjuvant. 
aux-iTy-sin. [Tf J. Infect. Dis. p. 225, '06.] 
aux-o-car'di a. i. Enlargement of the heart’s vol¬ 
ume or bulk. 2. The dilatation of the heart 
in diastole. [ < av^eiv to increase -1- Kapdia heart.] 
aux-om'e-ter, aux-i-om'e-ter, aux-e-sim'e-ter, aux- 
e-nom'e-ter. i. An instrument for measuring 
the power of magnification of lenses. 2. = Dy¬ 
namometer. 3. = Auxanometer. 
av. Abbr. for avoirdupois. 
a'va, a’vaska'va. ^Kava. 

avalanche theory (av'a-lantsh). The theory that 
nervous influence gathers force as it descends 
along an efferent nerve, 
a-val'vu-lar. Lacking valves, 
avantscanal (a-vSh-ca-nal). The anterior part of 
the male urethra. [F.] 

avarid (a-va-ri-6). A person tainted with syphilis: 
literally goods damaged in transit. [F.] 


AVASCULAR 


103 


AXIS 


a-vas'cu-lar. Not vascular, ta-vas'cu-la-rize, to 
render bloodless, as by a compressing bandage. 
Av'e-ling’s apparatus. A rubber tube with a bulb 
and two canulae: used in transfusing blood. A.’s 
curve, the S^shaped curve of the handles of 
obstetrical forceps. 

Ave'na, pi. -w<f. i. A genus of plants. A. sati'va, 
the common oat^plant. 2. = 0 .\ts. Ave'nae 
fari'na, oatmeal prepared from the seed of .4. 
sati'va: used for gruels, decoctions, etc. It af¬ 
fords a nutritious, bland, and easily digested ali¬ 
ment. isrOAT TREATMENT. Ave'nae sem'ina, 
oats*, the fruit of A. sati'va. Groats are the oats 
freed from .the cuticle, and are used in broth and 
gruels. [L.] fa-ve'nin. i. A caseindike prin¬ 
ciple obtainable from oats. 2. A precipitate from 
the tincture of oats, a-ve'no-lith, an intestinal 
calculus, found especially in children fed largely 
upon oats and oatmeal: composed of the shells of 
the seeds, fibres, and mineral phosphates, 
a'vens. A popular name for several plants of the 
genus Ge'um: the roots are stronglv astringent, 
a'vi an tuberculosis, Tuberculosis. 
a'vi-la. The fruit of Feuille'a cordijo'lia, a cucurbi- 
taceous plant; serpent nut. The seeds are pur¬ 
gative and used in the bites of venomous serpents, 
a-vir'u-lent. Not virulent. 

avivement (a-viv-mon). Refreshening of the edges 
of a wovmd. [ F.] 

av-o-ca'tion convulsion. = Occupation neurosis. 
Av-o-ga'dro’s law. The law that equal volumes of 
gases, under the same conditions of temperature 
and pressure, contain the same number of mole¬ 
cules. [Avogadro, an Italian chemist, 1776-1856.] 
av-oir-du-pois'. ^Weights and measures. 
av'or-nin. ==Frangulin. 

avortement (a-vort-moh). = Abortion. [F.j 
a-vul'sion. The forcible separation from each other 
of parts of the body which were previously 
more or less intimately united, as A. 0/ the eyeball. 
ax-an-thop'si a. Yellow blindness. 
ax*i al, ax'ile. Belonging to the axis, or occupying 
the axis. A. aneurism, one marked by dilatation 
of the entire circumference of the vessel. A. body 
or corpuscle, the central part of a tactile corpuscle. 
A. cataract —NUCLEAR cataract. A. current. 

1. The central, colored part of the .stream in a 
bloodsvessel, in which the red corpuscles move; A. 
stream, Poiseuille’s space. 2. An electric 
current passing through a nerve in a direction 
opposite to that of the normal impulse. A. fibre 
system, the bundles of nerve»fibres belonging to 
the lemniscus. A. h5rpermetropia, hypermetropia 
due to shortness of the anteroposterior axis of 
the eye. A. illumination, illumination for objects 
examined by the microscope in which the light is 
thrown on the object in the direction of the axis of 
the microscope. A. myopia, c®- myopia. A. neu¬ 
ritis = neuritis AXIALIS. A. plate = PRIMITIVE 
STREAK. A. rotation, the turning around on an 
axis, as in torsion of the testicle. A. skeleton, 
the essential portions of every vertebrate skele¬ 
ton, consisting of the spinal column and its ex¬ 
panded cephalic end, the skull: contrasted with 
the APPENDICULAR SKELETON. A. Stream, the 
more rapid current in the centre of small blood* 
vessels, which contains most of the corpuscles. 

ax-if'u-gal. == Centrifugal. 
ax-i-lem'ma. =Axolemma. 

ax-il'la, pi. -Ice. 1. The prominence of the shoulder. 

2. Wrongly but usually, the armpit or axil (fossa 
axillaris*) ; the space between the upper part of 


the arm and the thorax, bounded in front by the 
pectoral muscles, behind by the subscapularis, 
teres major, and latissimus dorsi muscles. [ L.] 
ax'il-la-ry. Belonging to the armpits. A. aneurism, 
aneurism of the axillary artery. A. arches, 
bands of muscle extending across the axilla. A. 
artery, a continuation of the subclavian artery, 
between the out¬ 
er border of the 
first rib and the 
lower edge of the 
teres major mus¬ 
cle, beyond which 
point it is called 
the brachial ar¬ 
tery ; arteria axil¬ 
laris*. A. border 
(of the scapula), 
the external bor¬ 
der of the scap¬ 
ula, extending 
from the posterior inferior angle to the lower 
margin of the glenoid cavity; mar go axillaris*. 
A. fascia, the fibrous membrane closing in the 
triangular floor of the axillary space; fascia 
axillaris*. A. glands, lymphatic glands of the 
axilla; lymphoglandulae axillares*. A. lines, lines, 
an anterior and a posterior, which descend on the 
thorax from the axilla. A. lymphatic trunk, the 
exterior branch of the right lymphatic duct, 
formed by the efferent vessels of the axillary 
glands. A. nerve, the circumflex nerve of the 
arm. A. plexus = brachial plexus. A. region, 
the region of the armpit. A. sheath, the prolon¬ 
gation of the cervical fascia continued around the 
large blood*vessels and nervestrunks into the 
axillary space. A. space = axilla, def. 2. A. vein, 
the vein accompanying the axillary artery: formed 
by the brachial and basilic veins, and continued 
as the subclavian; vena axillaris*. 
ax-il'lo-. Relating to the axilla: a combining 
form. [< Axilla.] ax-il*losa-cro'mi al cravat, 
la-CRAVAT. — ax-il*lo-ce-phal'ic suspension, sus¬ 
pension of the body by the axillae and head for 
stretching the vertebral column. Suspension. 
— ax-il-lo-cer'vi-cal cravat, ^cravat. 
ax'in. A lac*like, vamishy substance, produced by 
boiling the body of the insect Coc'cus ax'inus- 
said to be medicinal. It yields ax-in'ic acid. 
ax-i-o-blFquus. =Obliquus capitis inferior. 
ax'i-o-plasm. = Neuroplasm. 
ax-ip'e-tal. Directed or proceeding toward an axis* 
cylinder process. 

ax-i-rec'tus. = Rectus capitis posticus major. 
ax'is, pi. ax'es. Literally, an “axle” about which 
any revolving body turns, i. A right line, real 
or imaginary, passing through the centre of any 
body. Specially named axes are entered under 
the adjectives. 2. The second cervical vertebra, 
its pivot*like process serving as an axis on which 
the atlas with the skull turns; vertebra dentata; 
epistropheus*. A. band. i. = Axis*cylinder. 
2. (Of the malleus.) = A. ligament. A. cord, 
the place where the epiblast and the mesoblast 
fuse together. A. corpuscle = tactile corpus¬ 
cle. A.scylinder, the central part of a nervesfi- 
bre. cs^ Axis*fibre. A.scylinder process, that 
process of a nerve*cell which was formerly re¬ 
garded as always directly continuous with the 
axis*cylinder of a nerv'esfibre. Later investiga¬ 
tions have shown that axis*cylinder processes are 
of two kinds, those which are directly continu- 



Axillary Artery; Axillary 
Lines, above and below. 



AXITE 


104 


AZYMIA 


ous with the axis*cylinder of a nerve*fibre, and 
those which, instead of passing into the white 
matter, remain in the gray matter and give off 
delicate fibrillae. c^Nervesfibre; neuron. A.s 
cylinder sheath = Huxley’s layer. A. of the 
eye = optic axis. A.sfibre, the central and es¬ 
sential portion of every nerve^fibre. t^Axis* 
CYLINDER. A. of the inlet or brim {of the pelvis), 
a line perpendicular to the plane of the inlet of 
the pelvis at its centre. A. of a lens, a line 
through the optical centre of a lens and perpen¬ 
dicular to both its surfaces; axis lentis*. A. liga¬ 
ment (of the malleus), fibres of the external and 
anterior ligaments of the malleus, forming the 
axis of rotation of that bone. A. of the outlet 
{of the pelvis), a line perpendicular to the plane 
of the pelvic outlet at its centre. A. of the pelvis 
= PELVIC AXIS. A. process = axisscylinder 
PROCESS. A. of rotation, rotation. A. traction, 
traction in the line of the axis of a canal, as of 
the pelvis. A.straction forceps, a forceps for ap¬ 
plying traction to the foetus in the line of the 
pelvic axis. A. of vision = visual axis. [L.] 
ax'ite. Any one of the terminal filaments of an 
axisscylinder. Axodendrite. 
ax-o-den'drite. A fibril coming off from the side of 
an axisscylinder process of a nerve^cell. 
ax-of'u-gal. Tending away from an axon. 
ax'oid. Relating to an axis. 

ax-oi-do-at'loid, ax-oi-do-at-loi'de us. Pertaining to 
the axis and the atlas. 

ax-o-lem'ma. The sheath of an axisscyUnder, 
ax-om'e-ter. A device for determining an axis, 
ax'on. I. The body==axis, represenled in man by 
the centres of the vertebrae and the base of the 
skull. 2. Neuron or neuraxon. A. reflex, an 
apparent reflex centring in a peripheral nerve* 
ganglion, as of sympathetic system. [ < a^uv axis.] 
ax'o-neure, ax-o-neu'ron. A neuron the cell*body 
of which lies within the brain or spinal cord, 
ax-o-nom'e-ter. An apparatus used to determine 
the axis of a lens. 

ax-op'e-tal. Turned toward an axis, 
ax'o-plasm. The substance in which the fibrils of 
the axisscylinder rest. 

ax-o-spon'gi um. The material of the axisscylinder. 
ax-un'gi a, ax'unge. Grease; lard. A. articula'ris, 
the synovial fluid. A. ga'di, coddiver oil. A. 
porci'na or por'ci = ADEPs suillus. A. ur'si=: 
bear’s grease. [< Axis -f un'guere to anoint.] 
ax'wort. =C0R0NILLA. 

a-ya-pa'na, a-ya-pa'no. The leaves of Eupato'rium 
tripliner've: used as a stomachic. [Sp.] 

Ayer’s operation. An operation for covering over 
an extroverted bladder. 

a-yp'ni a. Insomnia. [ < a priv. -f VTrvog sleep.] 

Az. The symbol for azote (nitrogen), 
a-zaf'ran. = Saffron. 

az'a-har. =Aurantii flores. Sp. Phar. ’o^.] 
Aza'lea. A genus of ornamental ericaceous shrubs, 
of Japan, China, the United States, etc. A. pon'- 
tica is narcotic and poisonous. [< alfaXeog arid.] 
a-za'lein. =Fuchsin. 
az'a-rin. A yellow coaUtar product, 
a-zed'a-rach. The bark of the root of Me'lia azed'- 
arach. Dose of fl. ext., i Cc. (15 mins.), 
az-e-la'ic acid. An acid, C9Hig04, resembling su¬ 
beric acid, produced together with azoleic acid 
by oxidizing oleic acid with nitric acid; anchoic 
acid; lepargylic acid. [< Azote + eXaiov oil.] 
az'e-rin. A ferment resembling ptyalin, from insec¬ 
tivorous plants: said to be antiseptic. 


az'in blue. Alcohol»soluble indulin. 
az'o-, a'zo-. Pertaining to azote or nitrogen; also 
denoting absence of life: a combining form. [< 
L. azo'tum, fr. a priv. + to live.] az-osac'id 
yellow C. =AZOFLAViN 2.— az-o-ben'zene, a-zo- 
ben'zide, az-o-ben'zol, a substance, CjoHjoN^, 
obtained by heating a mixture of nitrobenzene 
with an alcoholic solution of potassa.— az'oscom- 
pounds, chemical compounds containing the 
group, -N:N-, as the az'osdyes, ^Trop^olin. 
— az-o-fla'vin 2, a yellow aciddast dye ; azo*acid 
yellow C.— a-zo'ic. i. Free from germ life. 2. 
Relating to nitrogen.—az-osim'ide, a protoplasmic 
poison resembling hydrocyanic acid in action: 
made by the action of sodium nitrate on hydrazin 
hydrochloride. It is highly explosive.— az-o-le'ic 
acid, AZELAic ACID. — az-o-lit'min, a substance, 
C7H7NO4, the coloring matter of litmus: used as 
an indicator.— a-zo'O-dy-na'mi a, diminution or 
loss of the vital powers.—a-zo-d-sper'mi a, a-zo-b- 
sper'mism, a-zo-b-sper'ma-tism. i. Want of vital¬ 
ity in the spermatozoa. 2. Absence of spermato¬ 
zoa in the seminal fluid. la'AsPERMATISM. Ja-ZO- 
b-sper'ma-tous. — az-o-tae'mi a, az-o-te'mi a, the 
presence of nitrogenous matter, as urea, in the 
blood. — az'ote, nitrogen gas. taz'o-tate = ni¬ 
trate. az'o-ted, az'o-tized, containing nitro¬ 
gen. az-o-ta'tion.— az-o-te-ne'sis, any disease 
said to be due to an excess of nitrogen in the 
system, as scurvy, carcinoma, etc.— a-zo'tic acid 
= NITRIC ACID. — az-o-tor-rhoe'a, an excessive 
elimination of nitrogenous matter by the bowels 
or urine, especially, the passage of much undi¬ 
gested muscle*fibre, as in pancreatic disease.— 
a-zo'tous acid, nitrous acid.— az-o-tu'ri a, a great 
increase of urea in the urine.— az’ox-y-ben'zene, 
one of the reduction*products of nitrobenzene. 
AzorelTa gleba'ria. ^Balsam bog. 

Az'tec ear. =Wildermuth’s ear. 
az'u-lene. A blue coloring principle, CjgHgeO, giv¬ 
ing the color to certain volatile oils; casrulein. 
az'u-lin. A permanent blue coal*tar color, 
a-zul'mic acid, a-zul'min. The black matter, 
C4H5N5O, deposited during the decomposition of 
prussic acid: very similar to ulmic acid. 
az'ure blue. An important blue coal*tar derivative. 
0- Giemsa stain. 

a-zy'ges. The sphenoid bone: so called because it 
is not one of a pair. [< a priv. -f yoke.] 

az'y-gos. An azygous part, especially a muscle. 
A. pharyn'gis, an occasional muscle arising from 
the pharyngeal tubercle on the body of the occip¬ 
ital bone and inserted into the raphe of the phar¬ 
ynx. A. u'vulae, is -azygous muscle; uvularis. 
az'y-gous. Without a fellow or corresponding part. 
A. artery, i. A branch of the popliteal artery, 
supplying the knee-joint. 2. A median tnmk 
extending along the anterior and sometimes also 
the posterior vaginal wall. A. ganglion, a gan¬ 
glion situated on the coccyx at the junction of 
the two terminal filaments of the great sym¬ 
pathetic nerve; the ganglion impar. A. muscle, 
a muscle of the uvula, Uvularis. A. process, 
a process of the sphenoid bone. A. veins, three 
in number, the right or great, the lower left or 
small, and the upper left, extending in front or 
at the sides of the vertebral column and repre¬ 
senting the persistent portions of the cardinal 
veins of the embryo. [< a priv. -}- lf,vy6q yoke.] 
a-zym'i a. Unfermented condition. [ < a priv. -f 
C,vprj leaven.] fa-zym'ic, a-zy'mous, not giving 
rise to fermentation: applied to micro-organisms. 


105 


BACILLUS 


/5 



8 . The Greek letter beta, corresponding to the 
English b. t^a. /Jsoxybutyric acid = betasoxy- 

BUTYRIC ACID. 

B. The chemical symbol for boron. 

B.A. Abbr. for L. hal'neum are'ncB, sand bath. 
B.A.U. Abbr. for British Association unit. Ohm. 
B.C. Abbr. for bone=conduction. 

B.D. I. Abbr. for L. bis in di'e, twice daily. 2. 

Abbr. for base down, as of a testsprism. 

B.I. Abbr. for base in, as of a testsprism. 

B.i.d. Abbr. for L. bis in di'e, twice daily. 

B.M. Abbr. for L. bal'neum ma'ris, sea*water bath; 

and for bachelor of medicine. 

B.M.A. Abbr. for British Medical Association. 
B.N.A. =BNA. 

B.O. Abbr. for base out, as of a test=prism. 

B.P. Abbr. for British Pharmacopoeia; boiling point. 
B.T.U. I. Abbr. for British thermal unit. 2. Abbr. 

for board of trade unit, a kilowatt-hour. 

B.U. Abbr. for base up, as of a test-prism. 

B.V. Abbr. for L. bal'neum vapo'ris, vapor-bath. 
Ba. The chemical symbol for barium. 

Bab'bitt metal. An alloy of tin, copper, and anti¬ 
mony; used in dentistry. 

Babes’s rabic tubercle (ba-bez). An accumulation 
of certain embryonic cells about the motor centres 
of the bulb and cord near the central canal: of 
diagnostic value in rabies, Negri bodies. 
Ba-bin'ski’s phenomenon, reflex, or sign. The slow 
extension, sometimes also abduction, of the great 
toe, elicited by stroking the sole of the foot: an 
early symptom of disease of the pyramidal tract, 
ba-bul' gum. A gum resembling acacia, obtained 
from the babul tree, Aca'cia arab'ica. 
ba'bysfarmdng. The practice of taking young in¬ 
fants to board. ^Creche. ■\hsi'hy^faTTn. 
bac'ca, pi. bac'cce. A berry, or berry-like fruit. 
Baccelli’s method (ba-tshd'iz). Treatment of teta¬ 
nus by means of hypodermic injections of car¬ 
bolic acid. B.’s operation, treatment of aneurism 
by a wire thread introduced into the sac, it now 
being the practice to pass an electric current 
through the wire in order to hasten the formation 
of fibrin. B.’s sign, aphonic pectoriloquy, a 
reverberation heard on auscultation of the chest 
wall when the patient whispers: symptomatic of 
pleural effusion. 

Bac'charis. A genus of composite herbs, shrubs, 
and trees, many of them antifebrile, diaphoretic, 
and antirheumatic. B. cordifo'lia yields bac'cha- 
rine, a poisonous principle. B. halimifo'lia is tonic 
and stimulant. B. glutino'sa, of the southwestern 
United States and Mexico, and B. pilula'ris, the 
kidney-plant of the Pacific States, are diuretic, 
bac'chi a. Acne rosacea from drinking, 
bac-il-lae'mi a. The presence of bacilli in the blood, 
bac'il-lar, bac'il-la-ry. Pertaining to or resembling 
a bacillus. B. dysentery, the disease caused by 
specific infection with Bacil'lus dysente'rice. B. 
layer or membrane, the rod-and-cone layer of the 
retina; Jacob’s membrane. Retina. B. 

phthisis, phthisis due to a bacillus, 
bacil'li acus'tici. =Corti’s rods. 
ba-cil'li-cide. An agent that destroys bacilli. Jba- 
cil-li-cid'ic. 


ba-cil'li-cul-ture. Culture of bacilli, 
ba-cil'li-form. Resembling a bacillus, 
bac-il-lip'a-rcus. Producing bacilli, 
bac-il-lo-pho'bi a. Morbid fear of bacilli, 
bac-il-lo'sis. The state of bacillary infection, 
bac-il-lu'ri a. The presence of bacilli in the urine, 
ba-cil'lus, pi. -li. i. Any rod-shaped bacterium. 
2. A genus of Bacteria. 3. Any rod-like body; 
especially, one of the retinal rods. 4. A medi¬ 
cated bougie. B. ace'ti, the non-motile, sporeless 
bacillus of acetic acid fermentation: it composes 
the “mother” of vinegar. B. ac'idi lac'tici, a 
non-motile, sporeless bacillus, the chief micro¬ 
organism of lactic acid fermentation. B. ac'nes, 
the non-motile, sporeless bacillus which is the 
specific cause of acne vulgaris: shaped like B. 
co'li; retains Gram’s stain; grows slowly on 
glycerin agar and on blood-serum. B. of acne 
contagiosa = B. grawitzi. B. aegyp'tius or aegyp- 
ti'acus, the small, non-motile, sporeless organism, 
resembling B. influen'zce, which is the common 
cause of acute epidemic catarrhal conjunctivitis; 
Koch-Weeks’s bacillus. B. aerog'enes, a non- 
motile, sporeless bacillus resembling B. co'li, but 
producing gas from potato starch. B. aerog'enes 
capsula'tus = B. welchi. B. al'vei, a motile, 
spore-forming bacillus causing foul-brood, a dis¬ 
ease of bees. B. amylobac'ter, a motile, spore- 
forming obligate anaerobe found in butter and 
elsewhere: it ferments cellulose and produces 
butyric and other acids. B. an'thracis, a non- 
motile, spore-forming bacillus which produces 
characteristic floccose colonies on solid media: 
the cause of anthrax. B. an'thracis symptomat'- 
ici = B. feseri. B. arbores'cens, a non-motile, 
sporeless, chromogenic water-bacillus. B. of 
blue milk = B. syncyaneus. B. of Boas = Op- 
pler-Boas b. Botkin’s b. = B. butyricus, def. 
2. B. botuli'nus, a motile, spore-forming bacillus: 
one of the organisms producing botulism. B. of 
bubonic plague = B. pestis. B. bucca'lis, any 
one of several species isolated from normal 
human saliva. B. butyr'icus. i. =B. hueppei. 
2. A motile, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe, 
forming butyric and other acids directly from 
milk-sugar and fermenting starch but not cellu¬ 
lose; Botkin’s bacillus. 3. =B. amylobacter. 
B. cancro'si, B. of chancroid, a small, non-motile, 
sporeless bacillus, chiefly in chains, isolated by 
successive skin-inoculations in the human subject • 
Ducrey’s bacillus: present in chancroid. B. car¬ 
rier = carrier. B. chauvoe'i = B. feseri. B. 
of cheese = Spirillum tyrogenum. Cholera b. 
= Spirillum cholera Asiatic.e. B. chol'erae 
gallina'rum = B. cuniculicidus. B. chol'erae 
su'is = B. salmoni. B. cloa'cae, a motile, spore¬ 
less, gas-forming bacillus, common in sewers. 
B. co'li commu'nis, a sluggishly motile, sporeless, 
gas-producing bacillus found in the intestinal 
tract of normal men and animals; Bacte'rium 
co'li commu'ne: morphologically like B. typho'sus 
but with fewer flagella. It differs from the ty¬ 
phoid bacillus in that it produces gas from glu¬ 
cose, forms indol, grows distinctly on potato, 
coagulates milk, ferments lactose, is less actively 


BACILLUS 


BACILLUS 


)()« 

motile, and shows different serum reactions, 
tar Quail disease. Comma b.= Spirillum chol¬ 
era ASIATICS. B. conjunctivit'idis. i. = B. 
iEGYPTius. 2. A nonsmotile, sporeless, rather 
plump diplobacillus causing a less acute con¬ 
junctivitis than B. cegyp'tius; diplobacillus of 
conjunctivitis; bacillus of Morax, or of Morax 
and Axenfeld. B. cuniculic'idus, a non*motile, 
sporeless bacillus causing epidemic chicken chol¬ 
era. B. gallina'rum. is practically identical ex¬ 
cept that it is much longer. By some it is con¬ 
sidered a separate species, by others only a vari¬ 
ety of B. cuniculic'idus. B. cyanog'enes = B. 
SYNCVANEUs. B. of Danysz, a paracolon bacil¬ 
lus, made especially virulent by being passed 
through rats, and intended for causing whole¬ 
sale epidemics among rats, killing them and 
so preventing the spread of plague by them. B. 
diphthe'riae, a nonsmotile, sporeless bacillus, 
slender, often slightly curved, showing a beaded 
appearance when stained; often swollen at one 
or both ends, and showing irregular involu¬ 
tion forms; the causal agent of diphtheria. It 
grows on mucous surfaces, or on wounds, and 
produces a paralytic toxin which is absorbed by 
the blood. It grows poorly on ordinary media, 
but on a suitable one, such as coagulated serum, 
it grows much more rapidly than other bacteria 
and so is easily found for diagnostic purposes. It 
also grows well on coagulated egg*albumin, and a 
hardsboiled egg is a good roughs=and*ready sub¬ 
stitute for a culture tube, being inoculated in the 
air*space between the shell and the albumen, 
Ducrey’s b. = B. cancrosi. B. du'plex = B. con- 
jUNCTiviTiDis, def. 2. B. dysente'riae. i. = B. 
SHiG^. 2. A motile, spore^forming bacillus iso¬ 
lated from Japanese dysentery patients; Ogata’s 
bacillus. 3. A small non=motile, sporeless bacil¬ 
lus causing dysentery in calves. Eberth’s b. = 

B. TYPHOSUS. B. enterit'idis, a motile, sporeless 
bacillus, like B. typho'sus except that it ferments 
glucose, which produces intense hemorrhagic en¬ 
teritis; Gartner’s bacillus. B, erysipel'atos su'is 
= B. RHusioPATHi^. B. fe'seri, a motile, spore* 
forming bacillus, resembling B. an'thracis and 
causing black*leg, or symptomatic anthrax. B. 
of Finckler and Prior = Vibrio proteus. B. 
of Frankel = pneumococcus. B. of Fried- 
lander = B. pneumonia. B. of Gartner = 

B. enteritidis. B. gallina'rum, B. cuniculic- 
iDus. B. of glanders = B. mallei. B. grawit'zi, 
a very small, sporeless, non*motile bacterium 
isolated from acne contagiosa of horses. B. of 
green pus = B. pyocyaneus, Hansen’s b. = B. 
LEPR^. Hay b. = B. subtilis. B. of hog=chol- 
era = B. salmoni. B. huep'pei, a motile, spore* 
forming bacillus from milk and butter; it pro¬ 
duces butyric acid from milk*sugar, but no gas. 

B. ian'thinus, a motile, sporeless, chromogenic 
water*bacillus. B. icteroi'des, a bacillus isolated 
from yellow*fever patients and at first supposed 
to be the cause of the disease; probably identical 
with B. sal'moni. B. influen'zae, a small, non* 
motile, sporeless bacillus, decolorizing by Gram’s 
method and often showing polar staining; the 
cause of influenza; found in the respiratory tract 
during influenza, and for some time afterward 
when there is some chronic pulmonary condition, 
as tuberculosis. B. of Kitasato = B. pestis. B. 
of KlebS = HELICOMONAS. tS" B. OF SYPHILIS, B. 
of Klebs and Loffler = B. diphtheriae, Koch’s 
b. = TUBERCLE BACILLUS. KochsWceks’s b.= B. 


AJGYPTius. Lactic acid b., B. lac'ticus = B, acidi 
LACTici. B. lac'tis, any of the many different 
species of motile, spore*forming, facultative an¬ 
aerobes from milk, most of which liquefy gelatin 
and have spores which do not swell the bacteria. 
B. lac'tis aerog'enes = B. aerogenes. B. lep'rae, 
the non*motile, sporeless, intracellular bacillus, 
closely resembling B. tuberculo'sis, which causes 
leprosy; discovered independently by Neisser 
(1879) Hansen (1880). Loffler’s b. = B. 

DIPHTHERIA. Lustgarten’s b.,i^B. of syphilis. 
B. of malignant oedema = B. oedematis. B. mal'- 
lei, a non*motile, sporeless bacillus somewhat 
similar to the tubercle bacillus; it causes glanders 
and farcy. B. of Metchnikoff = Vibrio metch- 
NiKovi. B. min'imus = B. rhusiopathia. B. 
mirab'ilis, B. vulgaris. B. of Morax = B. con- 
jUNCTiviTiDis, def. 2. B. murisep'ticus. i. =B. 
RHUSioPATHiA. 2. A motile, spore*forming bacil¬ 
lus isolated from pus. B. mycoi'des, a non*motile, 
spore*forming bacillus from soil, water, etc. B. 
of Nocard = B. of psittacosis. B. oedem'atis, a 
large, motile, spore*forming obligate anaerobe, 
widely distributed in garden soil, and causing 
malignant oedema with emphysema from gas* 
production. Ogata’s b. == B. dysenteria, def. 
2. OpplersBoas b., a very large streptobacillus, 
probably not a single, distinct species, found in 
the stomach contents in gastric stasis and con¬ 
sidered suggestive of gastric carcinoma when 
found in large numbers. B. ozae'nae, a non* 
motile, sporeless bacillus of various lengths and 
having a thick capsule; it is fovmd regularly as¬ 
sociated with atrophic rhinitis. Paracolon b., 
any of several bacilli which have been isolated 
from cases that were clinically typhoid fever 
but in which B. typho'sus could not be demon¬ 
strated. They closely resemble B. co'li, but some 
which were found to be more like B. typho'sus 
have been called paratyphoid bacilli. B. per- 
frin'gens = B. welchi. B. pes'tis, the non* 
motile, sporeless bacillus, often showing bipo¬ 
lar staining, which causes bubonic plague. 
Pfeiffer’s b. = B. influenza. B. pneumo'niae, 
Friedlander’s pneumobacillus, a non*motile, 
sporeless, short bacillus having a capsule and 
somewhat resembling Frankel’s pneumobacillus, 
but being decolorized by Gram’s method. It 
occurs infrequently in pneumonia, and is also 
found in normal saliva. Potato b. = B. vulgatus. 
B. prodigio'sus, a small, motile, sporeless bacillus 
found in water and on certain foods; used in 
preparing Coley’s fluid. It produces a bright 
red pigment, and in milk may cause the “^bloody 
milk” once supposed to be due to witchcraft, 
and on consecrated bread the miracle or “ prod¬ 
igy ” of the “bleeding host.” B. pro'teus, B. 
pro'teus vulga'ris, Pro'teus vulga'ris = B. vul¬ 
garis. B. pseudodiphthe'ricus, any of several 
non*virulent, diphtheria*like bacilli, many of 
which are probably true diphtheria bacilli which 
have lost their virulence; often found in normal 
saliva. B. pseudotuberculo'sis, a bacillus resem¬ 
bling B. diphthe'ricE, and causing pseudotubercu¬ 
losis of laboratory animals. B. pseudotypho'sus, 
a bacillus from soil, water, etc., differing from 
B. typho'sus only in lacking the characteristic 
serum*reaction. B. of psittacosis, an actively 
motile, sporeless bacillus resembling B. co'li. 
growing well on potato and not liquefying gelatin, 
but not producing indol, fermenting lactose, or 
coagulating milk; the cause of psittacosis in par- 


BACILLUS 


107 


BACTERIUM 


rots and men. B. putrif'icus, a bacillus capable 
of causing intestinal disturbances. B. putrefa'- 
ciens, a putrefactive anaerobe, causing the souring 
of hams. Bui. Anim. Ind. ’ii.] B. pyocya'- 
neus,a small, motile, sporeless bacillus producing a 
bluesgreen pigment; the bacillus of green pus. B. 
radici'colus, a non^motile, sporeless bacillus found 
on the roots of leguminous plants, and assimi¬ 
lating free nitrogen from the air. B. ramo'sus = 
B. MYCoiDES. B. rhinosclero'matis, a non^motile, 
sporeless bacillus, the cause of rhinoscleroma. B. 
rhusiopa'thiae, a very small, non=motile, sporeless 
bacillus, the cause of swine^erysipelas. B. sal'- 
moni, a small, motile, sporeless bacillus, the cause 
of hogscholera. B. of Sanarelli — B. icteroides. 
B. shi'gae, a motile, sporeless bacillus resembling 
B. typho'sus: the specific cause of Japanese dysen¬ 
tery. B. smeg'matis, an acidsfast bacillus from 
the normal genitosurinary tract: it resembles 
the tubercle bacillus, but is generally shorter 
and is said to decolorize more easily. B. sub'tilis, 
a motile, spore ^forming bacillus from grass, soil, 
water, etc., which has very resistant spores; hay 
bacillus. B. sui'cidus, B. suisep'ticus, a small, 
nonsmotile, sporeless bacillus, the cause of swines 
plague. B. suipes'tifer 3 B. salmoni. B. of 
symptomatic anthrax = B. feseri. B. syncya'- 
neus, a motile, sporeless, chromogenic, obligate 
aerobe isolated from milk; B. of blue milk; 
B. cyanogenes. B. of syphilis, any of several 
micro ^organisms formerly supposed to cause 
syphilis, as the Coniothe'cum syphilit'icum of 
Hallier; the Cryp'ta syphilit'ica of Salisbury; the 
Helicomo'nas of Klebs; the B. of Lustgarten (B. 
syphil'idis), a nonsmotile, sporeless, nonscultiva- 
ble bacillus resembling B. tuberculo'sis; the Clad'- 
othrix of Neusser; the filamentous B. ven'eris of 
Van Niessen; the Aspergil'lus of Kremer; the 
protozoan of Schuller; the diphtheriaslike B. of 
Joseph and Piorkowski; and the Cytorrhyc'tes lu'is 
of Siegel; Syphilis; Treponema pallidum. B. 
ten'uis, a motile, sporesforming bacillus resem¬ 
bling B. sub'tilis and B. vulga'tus: isolated from 
milk and cheese. B. tet'ani, a slightly motile, 
sporesforming obligate anaerobe: the cause of 
locksjaw or tetanus. B. tuberculo'sis = tubercle 
bacillus. B. typho'sus, B. ty'phi abdomina'lis, an 
actively motile, sporeless bacillus causing typhoid 
fever, and found in the blood, intestines, and 
other organs, especially in the gallbladder, m- 
B. coLi. B. tyrog'enus, a motile, sporeless bacil¬ 
lus, resembling Vib'rio chol'erce, isolated from 
cheese. B. ul'ceris cancro'si, B. ul'ceris mol'lis 
= B. CANCROSI. B. ure'ae, a nonsmotile, sporeless 
bacillus which forms ammonium carbonate from 
the urea of urine. Vincent’s b., a long, motile, fusi¬ 
form bacillus associated with a spirillum in Vin¬ 
cent’s ANGINA. B. vulga'ris, an actively motile, 
sporeless bacillus, assuming many different forms: 
commonly found in putrefying fluids. B. mirab'- 
ilis is a variety of the same species. B. vulga'tus, 
a motile, sporesforming bacillus widely distributed 
in soil, water, etc.; potato bacillus. B. of Weeks 
= B. ^GYPTius. B. welch'i, a non=motile, spore* 
forming obligate anaerobe: the most frequent 
cause of emphysematous gangrene, and producing 
poisons which may be absorbed by the normal 
walls of the intestines, and thus induce serious 
lesions in the vital organs, especially of a sclerotic 
nature. B. of xerosis, a nonsvirulent bacillus, 
in other respects practically identical with B. 
diphtheria: found in xerosis, and also in the 


normal conjunctiva, mouth, and throat. B. 
of Yersin = B. pestis. [ L., dim. of bac'ulus a 
stick: named from their rodslike form.] 
back. I. The dorsum*, tergum, or dorsal aspect of 
the body, or of any organ. B. posture = dorsal 
RECUMBENT POSTURE. Jback'ache, pain in the 
back ; notalgia. back'bone, the vertebral column. 
2. Moving or operating backward; returning, 
fback'scut of Salmon, an incision a quarter of an 
inch deep, made along the track of an anal fis¬ 
tula to promote healing, back'sknee, a backward 
bending of the leg at the knee; genu recurvatum. 
back'stroke = DIASTOLIC impulse. 
back'ward murmur. = Indirect murmur. B. 
progression, a tendency to walk backward, with 
sometimes inability to walk in any other way: a 
symptom of cerebral or spinal lesion, 
ba'con spleen. A spleen which shows on section 
patches of tissue resembling the fat of fried 
bacon, caused by amyloid degeneration. 

Ba'con’s dumb=bell. A dumbsbellsshaped alumi¬ 
num tube for making an intestinal anastomosis, 
ba'co-ny. Lardaceous, as B. degeneration. 
bac-te'ri a. PI. of bacterium. 

Bacteria'ceae. The family of rodsshaped micro* 
organisms, in contradistinction to the Cocca'cece 
and Spirilla'cece. 

bac-te-rae'mi a, bac-te-ri-ae'mi a. The presence of 
bacteria in the blood. 

bac-te'ri al. Pertaining to or caused by bacteria. 
B. casts, urinary casts consisting of collections of 
bacteria. B. proteid. i. A proteid produced by 
the action of bacteria; a toxalbumin. 2. A pr^p- 
teid occurring in the substance of a bacterium; a 
mycoprotein; bacterial cellular proteid. 
bac-te'ri-cide. An agent that destroys bacteria, 
fbac-te-ri-ci'dal. 

bac-te'ri-form. Having the form or appearance of 
a bacterium. 

bac'te-rin. = Vaccine, def. 3. 
bac-te'ri 0-. Relating to bacteria: a combining 
form. [< Bacterium.] bac-te'ri-oid, resembling 
a bacterium, as a structure. — bac-te-ri-ol'o-gy, 
the science of bacteria, including their classifi¬ 
cation, morphology, cultivation, biological reac¬ 
tions, economic importance, etc. fbac-te-ri-o- 
log'i-cal; bac-te-ri-ol'o-gist.— bac-te-ri-ol'y-sin, a 
bacteriolytic substance formed in the blood of a 
living organism as a reaction against the introduc¬ 
tion of certain bacteria.— bac-te-ri-ol'y-sis, disin¬ 
tegration or solution of bacteria, as by a bacteri- 
olysin. fbac-te-ri-o-lyt'ic.— bac-te’ri-o-pro'te-in 
= BACTERIAL PROTEID. — bac-te’ri-o-pur'pu-rin, a 
purplesbrown pigment, probably related to chlo¬ 
rophyll, found in certain bacteria which resemble 
the lower algae.— bac-te-ri-os'co-py, the micro¬ 
scopic study of bacteria. — bac-te*ri-o-ther'a-py, 
the cure of disease by the introduction of certain 
bacteria into the system, which destroy the germs 
of the disease, bac-te'ri-o-tro'pic, attractive to 
bacteria, Opsonin, fhac-te’ri-o-ther-a-peu'tic. 
— bac-te*ri-o-tox'in, a toxin formed by bacteria, 
bac-te-ri-pro'te-in. = Bacterial proteid. 
bac-te-rit'ic. = Bacterial. 

bac-te'ri um, pi. bacte'ria. Any of the microscopic, 
unicellular masses of protoplasm referred to a 
genus Bacte'rium. Each is surrounded by an 
envelope, the total vital capacity of each species 
being represented by every cell. Such organisms, 
while belonging to the lowest class of the fungi, 
also show close relationship to the lower algae. 
They are characteristically short, straight or 


BACTERIUM 


108 


BALANITIS 


curved rod=like structures or small spheres, about 

diameter, which grow in aque¬ 
ous fluids or on moist surfaces, multiply with great 
rapidity by simple transverse fission, and subsist 
on living or dead organic material which they re¬ 
duce to simpler substances by catabolism. There 
IS much confusion in the use of Bacterium, Migula 
and his followers using it for nonsmotile Bacte- 
ria'cecB, without regard to sporesformation, while 
Hueppe restricts it to those forming endogenous 
spores, regardless of motility. It is preferable to 
substitute Bacil'lus as the generic term, retaining 
bacterium as a common noun designating any of 
the fission fungi. Bacteria are variously divided 
into genera by different systematists, according 
as one set of characters or another is preferred. 
O'Bacillus; Beggiatoa; Cladothrix; Coccus; 
Crenothrix; Leptothrix; Micrococcus; Mi- 
crosporum; Mycobacterium; Oospora; Pla- 
Nococcus; Planosarcina; Pseudomonas; Sar- 
cina; Spirillum; SpiRocHiEXA; Spirosoma; 
Streptococcus; Streptothrix ; Thiothrix; 
and Vibrio. Acid=fast b., a bacterium retaining 
certain stains after the application of acid, as the 
tubercle bacillus. Aerobic b., a bacterium growing 
only in the presence of oxygen. Anaerobic b., a 
bacterium growing only in the absence of oxygen. 
Chromogenic b., a bacterium producing a pig¬ 
ment. Denitrifying b., a bacterium reducing 
nitrates to nitrites or ammonia compounds. 
Facultative b., a bacterium having the faculty of 
living under either anaerobic or aerobic condi- 
^ tions. F. saprophytic bacterium, a parasitic bac¬ 
terium which also is able to live on dead organic 
matter. Higher b., any of certain genera of bac¬ 
teria which evidence signs of a higher type of 
vegetable life, in that they grow in chains or 
filaments with false or true branching resem¬ 
bling the mycelium of the higher fungi; and in 
that different members of the filament may show 
differentiation of function, as when a cell at one 
end anchors the chain to some object while a cell 
at the free end produces reproductive gonidia. 
Lower b., any of the ordinary forms of bacteria 
proper, as distinguished from the transitional 
group of higher bacteria. Mesophilic b., a bacte¬ 
rium living between 15° to 40° C. (60° to 104® F.), 
but growing best at the body temperature of 37® 
C. (98.6® F.). Most pathogenic bacteria belong 
to this class. Nitrifying b., a bacterium oxidizing 
free nitrogen and ammonia compounds to nitrites 
and nitrates. Obligate b., a bacterium which can 
grow only under certain conditions, as O. parasitic 
bacterium, a bacterium which cannot live on dead 
organic matter. Parasitic b., a bacterium which 
' subsists on a living host. Pathogenic b., a para¬ 
sitic bacterium causing a diseased condition of 
the host. Phosphorescent b., photogenic b., a 
bacterium producing phosphorescence. Psychro- 
philic b., a bacterium growing best at low temper¬ 
atures ranging from 15® to 20® C. (60® to 68® F.). 
Putrefactive or saprogenic b., a bacterium produc¬ 
ing putrefaction by decomposing proteids. Sap¬ 
rophytic b., a bacterium subsisting on dead 
organic matter. Thermophilic b., a bacterium 
growing best at high temperatures ranging from 
40® to 70° C. (io4®to 167® F.). Thiogenic b., a bac¬ 
terium oxidizing hydrogen sulphide to sulphites 
and sulphates. Water b., a bacterium commonly 
found in water. Zymogenic b., a bacterium caus¬ 
ing the various fermentations. [ < ^UKT^piov, dim. 
of (SaKTpov staff.] 


bac-te-ri-u'ri a, bac-ter-u'ri a. The presence in fresh¬ 
ly passed urine of numerous bacteria, but without 
signs of inflammation in the urinary organs, 
bac'te-roid. =Bacterioid. 

bad disease. A popular term for syphilis or other 
venereal disease. 

Ba-dal’s' operation. The stretching of the infra- 
trochlear branch of the nasal nerve for the relief 
of glaucoma. 

ba'el. t3-.^GLE MARMELOS. 

Baelz’s disease (bd^Tz). Painless ulcerating pap¬ 
ules of the mucous membrane of the lips. 
Barensprung’s erythrasma (bdr'cn-sprungz). = Ec¬ 
zema marginatum. 

Baer’s cavity (bdrz). = Segmentation cavity 
B.’s operation, an operation for perineorrhaphy 
or for supravaginal hysterectomy. B.’s vesicle 
a graafian follicle with the contained ovum, 
bag of waters. The liquor amnii, enclosed within 
the fetal membranes: it assists in opening the os 
uteri during childbirth, and is commonly rup¬ 
tured when the cervix is dilated. 

Bag'dad boil. = Oriental sore. 

Ba-hi'a powder. = Goa powder. 

Baillarger’s lines or stripes (bai-yar-zhez). The 
third and fifth, from within outward, of the 
whitish lines in the cortex of the cerebrum 
parallel to the surface. 

baillon (bai-yoh). A piece of cork or other mate¬ 
rial for propping open the mouth during oral 
operations. [ F., “gag.”] 
bain=marie (bah-ma-ri). A water=bath. [ F.] 
ba'kersleg. =Genu valgum. 

Ba'ker’s cyst. A hernial protrusion of the synovial 
membrane of a joint through an aperture in its 
capsule. B.’s velum, a form of obturator for 
cleft palate. 

ba'kers’ itch. Psoriasis diffusa, or other skin dis¬ 
ease of the hands, resulting from the irritative 
qualities of yeast, ts- Eczema. B. salt, ammo 
nium carbonate, or smelling=salts: from its being 
used by bakers as a substitute for yeast. B. 
stigmata, callosities on the dorsal aspect of the 
phalanges, due to the kneading of dough, 
ba'king. Tallerman’s treatment. B. soda 

= SODIUM bicarbonate. 

bal'ance. An apparatus for determining weights 
or masses: in its simplest form a lever having 
two equal arms, one of which carries the object 
to be weighed while the other, supports the stand¬ 
ards, or “weights,” with which it is to be com¬ 
pared; a scale or pair of scales. Actinic b. = 
bolometer. Analytical or chemical b., a very 
sensitive balance giving great accuracy: the 
working parts are supported on knife-edges and 
a long pointer moving over a scale shows the 
movements of the beam; the whole apparatus is 
protected from air-currents, dust, moisture, etc., 
by a glass case provided with leveling screws. 
Torsion b. i. A light beam suspended horizon¬ 
tally by an elastic filament which is put under 
torsion when the beam is moved by electric or 
magnetic forces acting on its extremities. 2. A 
balance in which movements of the beam cause 
a slight twisting of an elastic metal ribbon, 
bal'a-nis. A pessary; a pledget; a suppository. 
[< [ialavig a pessary.] tbal'a-nism, the applica¬ 
tion of a pessary. 

bal-a-ni'tis. Inflammation of the glans penis, usu¬ 
ally associated with posthitis, as Gonorrhceal b. 
the usual form, and B. diabet'ica, due to irrita 
tion from diabetic urine. [</ 3 dAarof glans penis.]. 


BALANO- 


109 


BALSAM 



Balantidium coli. (Braun.) 


bal'a-no-. Relating to the glans penis: a combin¬ 
ing form. [Cijidlavog glans penis.] bal*a-no- 
blen-nor-rhoe'a, blennorrhoea of the glans 
penis.— bal'a-no-cele, protrusion of the glans 
through the prepuce in gangrenous phimosis.— 
bal'a-no-plas-ty, plastic surgery of the glans.— 
bal*a-no-pos-thi'tis, inflammation of the glans 
and the prepuce.— bal-a-nor-rha'gi a, bal-a-nor- 
rhoe'a, gonorrhoeal balanitis. 

Balantid'ium co'li. A parasitic intestinal infusori¬ 
an common in swine, but rare in man; Para- 
me'cium co'li: 
while not usu¬ 


ally pathogen¬ 
ic, it may cause 
obstinate diar¬ 
rhoea. 

bal'a-nus. i.The 
glans penis or 
glans clitori- 
dis. 2. A pes¬ 
sary. [< j 3 d- 
Xavo^ glans.] 

bal'a-ta. The dried milky juice of the bully tree, 
Sapo'ta muel'leri, of Guiana. It is intermediate 
between caoutchouc and gutta-percha in physical 
properties, and is used as a substitute for gutta¬ 
percha and for making chewing-gum. 

ba-laus'tine flowers. The dried flowers of the pome¬ 
granate: used as an astringent. 

Balbiani’s nucleus (bal-bi-a'niz). The nucleus of 
the yolk of an ovum. 

bal-bu'ti es. i. Hesitation of speech; stammering. 
2. A defect of pronunciation, b and / replacing 
most of the other consonants. [ < L. halhuli're to 
stammer.] fbal-bu'tic. 

bald. Lacking hair on the cranium or any part of 
it. B. ringworm, tinea tonsurans, causing bald 
patches on the head. B. tongue, a tongue affected 
with specific psoriasis and showing patches of 
smooth and glossy surface, fbald'ness, i^alo- 

PECIA, CALVITIES, ACOMIA. 

Bal'dock’s paste. An arsenic paste for destroying 
the nerve in dental caries. 

Bald'win’s phosphorus. Calcium nitrate. 

Bal'four’s disease. Chloroma. B.’s method, treat¬ 
ment of aneurism by potassium iodide. B.’s test, 
a method of ascertaining whether the heart is 
still active in cases of apparent death. 

ball of the foot. The protuberant part of the sole 
along the metatarsophalangeal line. B. of the 
thumb, the thenar eminence. B.sand=socket 
joint = ENARTHRosis. B. thrombus, a rounded 
ante-mortem clot in the heart. 

bal-lis'mus. Chorea, or any other neurosis, as a 
tremor, in which the movements are in part not 
imder control. [ <to dance.] 

bal-lis'tics. The science of gunnery, treating of 
arms and their projectiles. 

bal-loon'. A spherical glass receiver with one or 
two necks for adaptation to a retort or other 
vessel. B. cells, certain peculiar degenerated 
cells occurring in the vesicles of herpes zoster, 
fbal-loon'ing. i. The distention of a cavity of 
the body by means of air (whether enclosed in a 
bag or not) for therapeutic purposes. 2. Tym¬ 
panitic distention of the abdomen. 3. Distention 
of the prepuce with urine in phimogis. 4. Dila¬ 
tation of the rectum in stricture, etc. 

Ballo'ta ni'gra. Black or stinking horehound, a 
labiate plant common in the United States: ver¬ 
mifuge and antispasmodic. 


ballottement (ba-lot'ment, F. ba- 16 t-mon). A 
method of diagnosticating pregnancy by means 
of the passive movements of the foetus in the 
liquor amnii, felt either by applying the finger 
through the vagina to the cervix uteri and rais¬ 
ing it suddenly upward, when the foetus will 
strike on the finger in its descent {vaginal or 
direct h.), or by pushing against the uterine wall 
through the abdominal wall {abdominal b. or 
indirect b.). [F., fr. balloier to toss as a ball.] 

balm (bam), i. A soothing or healing medicine. 
2. The popular name of Melis'sa. B. of Gilead. 
I. = Balsam of Mecca. 2. A fragrant resinous 
matter derived from the leaf-buds of Pop'ulus 
can'dicans and P. balsam'ica: used chiefly in do¬ 
mestic medicine. 3. Canada balsam. Tere- 
BiNTHiNA canadensis*. [ < L. &a/'5aw«w balsam.] 
bal'ne-o-. Relating to a bath: a combining form, 
bal-ne-og'ra-phy, a description of baths. — bal- 
ne-ol'o-gy, a treatise on baths; the science of 
baths. — bal*ne-o-ther-a-peu'tics, -ther'a-py, the 
proper therapeutic employment of baths, 
bal'neum. = Bath. B. anima'le, any part of a 
newly killed animal wrapped round the body 
or a limb. B. are'nae = sand-bath. B. coeno'- 
sum = mud-bath. B. medica'tum, a medicated 
bath. B. sic'cum, immersion in any dry sub¬ 
stance, as ashes, salt, sand, etc. B. sulphu'reum, 
a bath containing sulphur. [< L., fr. (Salaveiov a 
bath.] tfi^l“iie-a'tion, bathing, 
bal'sam. A fragrant and resinous vegetable juice, 
liquid or semi-fluid, or spontaneously becoming 
concrete. The balsams are resins combined 
with oils or turpentines. c^Oleoresin. B.= 
apple, the fruit of Momor'dica balsam'ina, a 
cucurbitaceous annual vine: a purgative whose 
tincture is valued in domestic medicine as a 
vulnerary. The plant Echinocys'tis loba'ta and 
its fruit are known as wild balsam^apple. B. 
bog, Bo'lax gleba'ria, an umbelliferous plant of 
Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Its gum is said 
to be pectoral and vulnerary. Canada b. = 
terebinthina canadensis*. B. of copaiba = 
COPAIBA*. B. fir = Abies balsamea. B. of fir 
= TEREBINTHINA CANADENSIS*. B. Of gurjun, 
balsam obtained from various species of IDip- 
terocar'pus: substituted for copaiba. c^Diptero- 
CARPus L.EVUS. B. of liquorice consists princi¬ 
pally of elixirs of paregoric and liquorice wflth 
the oil of anise. B. of Mecca, balsam obtained 
from the branches and leaves of Am'yris gilea- 
den'sis {Balsamoden'dron gileaden'se), a tree of 
Arabia Felix; Mecca balsam; opobalsam; balm 
of Gilead. B. of Peru, a stimulating stomachic 
and expectorant balsam procured from the trees 
Toluif'era perei'rcB or Myrox'ylon perei'rce; bal- 
samum peruvianum*. The very rare brown bal¬ 
sam is extracted'by incision, imported in the husk 
of the cocoanut, and hence called balsam en coque; 
the black balsam is obtained by evaporating the 
decoction of the bark and branches of the tree. 
Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). B. root, a popular name 
for various Californian composite-flowered plants 
of the genus Balsamorrhi'za. The roots are bal¬ 
samic and terebinthine or resinous. B. of Saturn, 
a preparation made by evaporating a solution of 
lead acetate in turpentine and mixing it with 
camphor. B. of storax, balsam said to be pro¬ 
cured from Liquidam'har orienta'lis. The sub¬ 
stance sold as strained storax is prepared from an 
impure variety of liquid storax. B. of sulphur, 
sulphurated oil, an exceedingly fetid, acrid, viscid 







BALSAMEA 


110 


BARBOTINE 


fluid, of a reddishsbrown color, prepared by boil¬ 
ing one part of sulphur in eight parts of olive oil. 
It is applied as a stimulant to foul ulcers and 
was formerly used in catarrh, consumption, and 
chest complaints. B. of Tolu, a stimulating 
stomachic balsam which flows spontaneously from 
the trtuak of Toluif'era bal'samunt, Myrox'ylon 
toluif'era, or Myrosper'mum toluif erum, and dries 
into a reddish resinous mass; Saint Thomas’s 
balsam; b.\lsamum tolutanum*. Dose, i Gm. 
(15 grs.). [< L. bal'samum, Gr. (^d}Gnfinv, fr. 
Heb. baalsamen the prince of oils.] tl>al“Sani'ic, 
bal-sa-mit'ic. i. Pertaining to balsam; of the 
nature of balsam; aromatic; stimulating. B. 
tincture, i. Compound tincture of benzoin. 2. 
Any warm demulcent medicine of a balsamic 
consistence. 

Balsa^mea. =Balsamodendron. 

balsamito (bal-sa-mi't6). A tincture of balsam of 
Peru in riun. It is tonic and diuretic, and is 
applied to sloughing sores. 

Balsamoden'dron. A genus of amyridaceous bal¬ 
samiferous trees, as B. gileaden'se and B. afri- 
ca'num, which latter was formerly said to yield 
African bdellium. B. moo'kul, a tree, yielding a 
resin called googul in Scinde and mookul in Persia. 
It has cordial and stimulant properties. 

bal*sa-mo-sac'cha-rum. A mixture of sugar with a 
balsam. 

baPsamum. = Balsam. B. copai'bae = copaiba*. 
B. nucis'tae, the G. P. name for nutmeg balsam. 
B. peruvia'num*, balsam of Peru obtained from 
Toluif'era perei'rce. B. toluta'num*, balsam of 
Tolu obtained from Toluif'era bal'samum. B. 
tranquil'lans (F. baume tranquille), a preparation 
directed by the French Codex and consisting 
essentially of olive oil holding in solution the 
active principles of various aromatic and nar¬ 
cotic plants. It is used locally as an anodyne, 
especially in earache. B. trauma'ticum (N.F.), 
a tincture of benzoin, storax, balsams of Tolu 
and Peru, aloes, myrrh, etc.; friars’ balsam; Tur¬ 
lington’s balsam: useful in coughs, dysenteries, 
etc., and applied to ulcers and wounds. 

BaF ser’s fatty necrosis. Fatty and calcareous de¬ 
generation affecting the pancreas, omentum, and 
mesentery, and marked by the formation of 
opaque white patches. 

bam-baTi a. Any impediment to speech. 

Bam'ber-ger’s sign. A sign of pericardial effusion: 
change in the dulness is observed at the angle of 
the scapula when the patient sits upright and 
leans forward. B.’s bulbar pulse, a sign of tri¬ 
cuspid insufficiency in which the pulsations of 
the jugular vein occur synchronously with the 
cardiac systole. 

band of Remak, bandsax'is. An axis=cylinder. B.s 
spec'trum, a discontinuous spectrum composed of 
several bright bands. B. of Tarinus =lamin.\ 

CORNEA. 

ban'dage. One or more pieces of cotton, linen, flan¬ 
nel, gauze, or other material for wrapping round 
any part of the body. Specially named varieties 
of bandages are Abdominal, Barton’s, Body, 
Capeline, Circular, Desault’s, Dextrin, 
Elastic, Esmarch’s, FiguresofsS, Finger, Ga¬ 
len’s, Gibson’s, Hamilton’s, Hippocrates’s, 
Hueter’s, Immovable, Maisonneuve’s, Mar¬ 
tin’s, Plaster, Pressure, Recurrent, Re¬ 
versed, Ribbail’s, Roller, Sayre’s, Scul- 
TETUs’s, Spica, Spiral, Suspensory, T*, The- 
den’s, Thillaye’s and Velpeau’s, fban'da-ger. 


band'box sound. A resonant sound elicited by per¬ 
cussion over the chest in pulmonary emphysema. 
Ban'dis serum. A curative and prophylactic serum 
used in diphtheria. [ 1 | B.JM.J. ij ’08.] 

Bandl’s ring (ban'dlz). A ring-shaped thickening of 
the uterus during labor, at or above the internal 
os, and separating the upper contractile and the 
lower non-contractile parts; contraction ring, 
ban'do-lin. A preparation of quince-seeds or other 
mucilaginous substances; fixature: used for keep¬ 
ing the hair in place and giving it a lustre. [F.] 
ban'dyslegged. Bow-legged. 

bane'ber-ry. A name for certain plants of the 
genus Act^a, and their fruit. 

Ba'ner’s formulae. Formulae for modifying 16% fat 
cream and whole milk, in which c = cream; m = 


whole milk; q = total quantity; f = fat; p = pro- 
teid; 1 == lime water; s = sugar; and w == water. 


q(f-p) 


m 




W : 


12 4 10 

(c +m -f 1 ). s = - . When the proteid per- 

100 

centage is higher than the fat, c 



12 


bane'wort. The plant belladonna. 
bang, bangue, bhang. = Cannabis indica*. 
Ban'ting cure, ban'ting-ism. A treatment of obesity 
by means of a diet containing much proteid and 
little carbohydrate. 

Ban'ti’s disease. ^Anajmia splenica. 

Ban'yer’s ointment. An ointment of litharge, burnt 
alum, calomel, Venice turpentine, and lard, 
ba'o-bab, i. The tree Adansonia digitata. 2, 
Its mucilaginous bark: used as a tonic. 

Baptis'ia tincto'ria. Wild indigo, a leguminous herb: 
reputed to be febrifuge and antiseptic. Its root 
is emetic, and in large doses cathartic. It yields 
an inferior indigo; bap'tin, a mildly aperient glu- 
coside; bap'ti-sin, a resinoid, purgative and emetic 
in large doses; also, a glucoside; and bap-ti-tox'- 
in, a poisonous alkaloid. 

bar of the bladder. A transverse elevation extend¬ 
ing between the orifices of the ureters; bar of 
Mercier; plica ureterica*. 

bar-aes-the-si-om'e-ter. An instrument for measur¬ 
ing the acuteness of sensation felt on pressure at 
any given spot, ^.^sthesiometer. 
bar-an'i-line. Heavy aniline oil consisting chiefly 
of toluidin. [ < jSapvg heavy.] 

Bar-ba'does aloes. i^Aloe. B. leg, elephantiasis 
Arabum. B. nuts, the fruit of Jatropha curcas. 
The seeds are called physic nuts. 
bar-ba-lo'in. Aloin from Barbadoes aloes. 
Barba'rea vulga'ris. Winter-cress, a cruciferous 
plant of the United States: used as an anti¬ 
scorbutic, and applied to bruises. 

Bar'ba-ry gum. Commercial gum arabic from 
Morocco, derived chiefly from Aca'cia niloi'ica. 
bar'ben cholera. A kind of cholera occurring in 
Europe: caused by eating the barbed sturgeon, 
bar'ber-ry, ber'ber-ry. Any shrub of the genus Ber'- 
beris, as the common barberrY% B. vulga'ris, whose 
bark contains berberine, a tonic and alter¬ 
ative. 

bar'bers’ itch. Tinea trichophytina of the beard, 
bar'berssufgeon. A barber who lets blood and per¬ 
forms minor surgery. 

bar'biers. A disease of India and Reunion Island: 

said to be a myelitis distinct from beri-beri. 
bar-bi-tu'ric acid. Malonyl-urea, C.H.N^O,. 
bar'bo-tine. Wormseed from Barbary. 




BARBULA HIRCI 


111 


BARTON’S BANDAGE 


bar^bula hir'd. The hair on the tragus and anti¬ 
tragus. [ L., “ goat’s beard.’’] 

Bar'day’s angle. =Orifacial angle. B.’s plane 

= PALATINE PLANE. 

bar-da'na. An old pharmaceutical name for bur¬ 
dock, Arc'iium lap'pa : it yields an oil. 

Bard’s sign. In organic nystagmus the twosand*- 
fro movements of the eye are increased when 
the attempt is made to follow an object similarly 
moving : in congenital nystagmus, under similar 
conditions, they disappear, 
baregin (bar'e-jm, F. ba-re-zhah). A gelatinous sub¬ 
stance found in sulphurous mineral waters, in 
tanneryswaste, and in the escaped liquid of sugar- 
refineries. It forms sometimes a white or whitish 
mass, and is mainly made up of the bacterium 
Beggiato'a al'ba, but often encloses insect^re- 
mains, pieces of plant*tissue, etc. [F.] 
bar-es-the-si-om'e-ter. — Bar^sthesiometer. 
Bar'foed’s testssolution or reagent. A solution, re¬ 
duced by dextrose but not by maltose, made by 
dissolving i Gm. of cupric acetate in 15 Gm. of 
water, and adding to 200 Cc.of this 5 Cc. of 38% 
acetic acid. 

ba'rii diox'idum. Barium dioxide,'BaO^, the 1890 
U. S. P. name for commercial anhydrous barium 
dioxide: used only in the preparation of aqua 
hydrogenii dioxidi^. 

ba-ril'la. Impure sodium carbonate imported from 
Spain and the Levant. British barilla, obtained 
by burning sea^weed, is called kelp. 
ba'ri um. A metallic element chemically related to 
calcium, strontium, etc.: sp. gr., about 4; at. wt., 
136.4; symbol, Ba. It is the active agent in loco 
POISONING, and in various forms of rat poisons. 
B. bromide, BaBr2 + 2H20, is a cardiac tonic, 
and has been used in aneurism and scrofula. 
B. carbonate, a native barbium carbonate used 
in the preparation of the chloride. It is poison¬ 
ous, and was formerly official. B. chloride, 
BaCl2 + 2H20, has been used in sclerosis of the 
nervous system, and is said to be a useful cardiac 
stimulant. B. chloride test, a test for sulphates 
in urine, made by acidulating it and adding bari¬ 
um chloride, when a white precipitate is formed 
if sulphates are present. B. dioxide = barii di- 
oxiDUM. B. iodide, Bal2, has been used as an 
alterative in morbid growths and scrofulous af¬ 
fections. B. nitrate, BaCNOgjj, is sometimes used 
in medicine. B. peroxide = barii dioxidum. B. 
sulphate, BaSO^; heavy spar, f ^^^'ic. 
bark. i. The softer, external layer of a plants 
stem or root; all structures (bast fibres, cork cells, 
etc.) between the cambium layer and the sur¬ 
face. 2. A popular term for cinchona*. 
Bar'ker’s postpartum pills. Pills (pilu'lae laxati'vae 
post par'turn of the N. P.), containing colocynth, 
hyoscyamus, aloes, nux vomica, podophyllum, 
and ipecac. 

bark'ing. =Aboiement. B. disease = cyno||EX. 
bar'koo. = Natal boil. 

Bar'kow’s ligaments. The anterior and posterior 
ligaments of the elbowsjoint. 

Barle'ria prioni'tis. A plant, out of whose leaves 
an infusion is made with rice spirit: used for the 
bite of the cobra. 

bar'ley. The seeds of Hor'deum dis'tichon or vulga're, 
a valuable cereal plant. B. malt, malt. Pearl 
b.= HORDEUM DECORTiCATUM. B.ssugar, a trans¬ 
parent amorphous mass obtained by heating 
cane=sugar. B. water, a nutritious and demulcent 
drink prepared by boiling barley in water. 


Bar'low’s disease. Infantile scurvy. 
barm. = Brewers’ yeast. 

Barnes’s cervical zone. —Cervical zone. B.’s 
dilators or bags, rubber bags of hour-glass shape 
and of graduated sizes for dilating the cervix 
uteri in the indtiction of premature labor. B.’s 
speculum, a well-known form of vaginal speculum, 
bar'o-ma-crom'e-ter. An instrument for ascertain¬ 
ing the weight and length of new-bom infants, 
ba-rom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring at¬ 
mospheric pressure. Aneroid b., a compact, porta¬ 
ble barometer in which the atmospheric pressure 
on the thin metal surface of an exhausted com¬ 
partment causes the movement of a pointer over 
a graduated scale. Cistern b., a barometer consist¬ 
ing of a cistern or reservoir into which extends 
the lower open end of a vertical tube which is 
»closed at the top. The reservoir contains mercury 
exposed to the atmospheric pressure and rising in 
the tube (which is free from air) to such a height 
that the weight of the column of mercury balances 
that of the atmosphere, fbar-o-met'ric, as B. 

UaCMWm = TORRICELLIAN VACUUM. 

bar'o-scope. A barometer sensitive to the slightest 
atmospheric variations. 

Baros'ma. A genus of rutaceous plants, compris¬ 
ing several species of evergreen shrubs. The 
leaves of B. hetuli'na constitute buchu*. 
B.scamphor, an aromatic crystalline substance, 
CjoHigOg, in the oil of buchu leaves; diosphenol. 
ba-ros'min. A precipitate from the tincture of 
buchu: actively diuretic. Dose, o.i Gm. (i^grs.). 
ba-ro-tax'is, ba-rot'ro-pism. The effect of pressure 
on protoplasm. 

barred pelvis. A pelvis in which the symphysis 
pubis projects inward, obstructing delivery. B. 
teeth, teeth whose roots are spread out so that 
they cannot be extracted without breaking, 
bar'rel chest. A deformity in which the chest is 
round like a barrel, generally the result of pul¬ 
monary emphysema. B. of the ear, the tym¬ 
panic cavity. B. stage = METACiNEsis, def. 2. 
bar'reUbel'lied. Having a large rounded abdomen, 
bar'ren. Not able to produce off-spring; sterile, 
said of the female, fbar'ren-ness. 
barsac (bdr-sac). A white wine from France. 
Bar'tho-lin’s (bar-tho-lin'i an) abscess. Abscess of 
Bartholin’s gland. B.’s canal, the duct of Bar¬ 
tholin’s GLAND. B.’s duct, a single large duct of 
the sublingual gland; ductus sublingualis major*; 
ductus major rivini: rare in man. i^Rivinian 
DUCT. B.’s foramen = 

OBTURATOR FORAMEN. 

B.’s gland, one of the 
vulvovaginal glands in 
the female: homologous 
with Cowper's glands 
in the male. [< Thomas 
Bartholin, Danish anat- 
omist, 1616-1680.] 
fbar-tho-li-ni'tis. 

Bar'ton’s bandage. A 
double figure-of-8 ban¬ 
dage for fracture of 
the lower jaw. B.’s 
fracture, fracture of the 
lower end of the radius, 
involving the articular 
extremity. B.’s opera¬ 
tion, an operation for ankylosis, made by sawing 
through the bone or by removing a Vsshaped 
piece of it. 



First Turn of Barton’s 
Bandage. 




BARUCH’S SIGN 


112 


BASIFACIAL 


Ba'ruch’s sign. The absence of a lowered rectal 
temperature after baths of 24° C. (75° F.): pa¬ 
thognomonic of typhoid fever, 
ba-ru'ri a. High specific gravity of the urine, 
bar'y-, bar'y-o-. Denoting heavy: a combining 
form. [<^(!iapvg heavy.] bar’y-e-coi'a, bar’y-a- 
cu'si a, dulness of hearing; deafness. is-Dysecoia ; 
paracusis; surdity. — bar'y-en-ce-pha'lia, slug¬ 
gishness of intellect; stupidity.— bar-y-glos'sia, 
impediment or thickness of vocal utterance.— 
bar-y-la'li a, thick and indistinct speech.— bar-y- 
mas'ti a, bar-y-ma'zi a, the condition of one who 
has large breasts.— bar-y-od'mi a. i. A subjective 
sense o-f an oppressive or disgusting odor. 2. Any 
oppressive odor.— bar'y-o-dyn'i a, severe and de¬ 
pressing pain. — bar-y-pho'ni a, difficulty or 
hesitation of speech.— bary-so-ma'ti a, obesity, 
ba-ry'ta, ba-ry'tes. Barium oxide, BaO, the heavi¬ 
est of the alkaline earths, Barium. [<( 3 a- 
pvTTjg heaviness.] fba-ryt'ium. = Barium. 
bar-y-thym'i a. Melancholia. [ < ftapvg heavy -f 
dvfidg mind.] 

ba'sad. Toward a base, or the basal side or part, 
ba'sal. Pertaining or attached to the base, tar- 
Basilar. B. border = marginal zone. B. drain¬ 
age, withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid from the 
basal subarachnoid space for the relief of intra¬ 
cranial pressure. B. ganglia, the ganglionic 
structures at the base of the brain, including the 
corpora striata, optic thalami, corpora quadrigem- 
ina, corpora geniculata, and the locus niger. B. 
gray commissure, a thin sheet of gray matter 
closing the floor of the third ventricle, and formed 
from behind forward by the posterior perforated 
space, the tuber cinereum, and the lamina cinerea. 
B. lamina = B. plate. B. longitudinal tract, a 
tract of nerve=fibres running along the outer wall 
of the posterior and inferior horns of the lateral 
ventricle, and seeming to connect the occipital 
and temporal lobes. B. membrane = basement 
membrane. B. plate, the portion of the compact 
stratum of the uterine part of the placenta next 
the line of separation. B. process = basilar 
PROCESS. B. ridge = cingulum, def. 2. B. sys¬ 
tem {of arteries), the circle of Willis and its anas¬ 
tomosing branches. 

bas-an-as-trag'a-la. Pain in the anklesjoint. [< 
^daavog torture +a( 7 Tpayalog astragalus.] 
bas-cu-la'tion. A movement by which a retro verted 
uterus is replaced: the fundus is pressed up¬ 
ward, the cervix downward. [<F. hasculer to 
seesaw.] 

bas'cule movement. The recoil of the heart in 
systole. [ < F. hasculer to seesaw.] 
base. I. The lower part or foundation; basis. 
2. One of the class of chemical compounds pos¬ 
sessing the property of uniting with acids to form 
salts: it comprises the oxides and hydroxides of 
the metallic elements, ammonia, and the sub¬ 
stituted ammonias. Alloxuric, Nuclein, Purin, 
or Xanthine bases, bases chemically related 
to purin and to uric acid; substituted methyl*, 
aminos, and oxy*purins: the most important are 
adenine, caffeine, guanine, hypoxanthine, theo¬ 
bromine, theophylline, uric acid, and xanthine. 
Hexone b., the bases arginine, lysine, and histi¬ 
dine, containing six carbon atoms in each mole¬ 
cule. 3. The principal active ingredient of a 
prescription or compound; basis, 
base'sball suture. = Glovers’ suture. 

Bas'e-dow’s disease. =Exophthalmic goitre. 
■[•bas'e-dow-oid. [t M. m. W. j. ’10.] 


base'sline (0/pM/5^). = Respiratory line. B. of 

Reid = Reid’s basesline. 
base'ment membrane. A delicate structureless mem¬ 
brane found beneath the epidermis or epithelium, 
upon which these tissues may be said to rest. B. 
tissue {of nerves), the neuroglia. 

•base metal. A metal which easily tarnishes, par¬ 
ticularly on exposure to moisture: opposed to 
noble metal. 

bassfond (ba-foh). The fundus or lowest part of an 
organ. [F.] 

Bash'am’s mixture. = Liquor ferri et ammonii 
acetatis*. B.’s test, a test for bile*pigment, 
made by shaking with chloroform, evaporating, 
and adding a drop of nitric acid, when a play of 
colors is produced, settling to a brilliant red. 
ba'sial. = Basal. 

ba‘si-al-ve'o-lar. Relating to thebasion and alveo¬ 
lar point. B. distance or length, the distance be¬ 
tween the basion and the alveolar point. B. 
line, the line joining the basion and the alveolar 
point. 

ba*si-ar-ach-ni'tis. Inflammation of that part of 
the arachnoid which is near the base of the cra¬ 
nium. 

ba'si-a-tor. A muscle which co’ntracts the mouth; 

orbicularis oris. [L., fr. basia're to kiss.] 
ba*si-breg-mat'ic axis. A vertical line from the 
basion to the bregma. It measures the maximum 
height of the cranium. 

ba'sic. Belonging to or like a base. B. carbonate 
= SUBCARBONATE. B. impulse, the impulse of 
the base of the heart, felt in the region of 
the third left intercostal space. B. lead carbo¬ 
nate = plumbi carbonas. B. mercuric sulphate 

= HYDRARGYRI SUBSULPHAS FLAVUS. B. phthisiS, 
pulmonary phthisis involving the base of the lung. 
B. salt, a salt in which one or more of the basic 
hydroxyl groups are not neutralized by the acid; 
alkaline salt; oxy*salt; sub=salt. 
ba-sic'i-ty. i. The state of being a base. 2. The 
combining pow-er of an acid; the number of its 
replaceable hydrogen atoms, 
ba-si-cra'ni al. Pertaining to the base of the skull. 
B. axis, the straight line running from the an¬ 
terior margin of the foramen magnum (basion) to 
the anterior extremity of the sphenoid bone 
(gonion). B. plate, the cartilaginous plate at the 
anterior end of the notochord. B. region, one of 
three regions which make up the skull in its 
chondral stage; notochordal region. It consists 
of the part which develops into the occipital bone. 
i^Trabecular region; ethmovomerine region. 
ba-si-dig'i-tal. Pertaining to the base of a digit; 
metacarpal or metatarsal. tf>a’si-dig-i-ta'le, a 
metacarpal or metatarsal bone, 
ba-sid'i um, pi. basid'ia. One of the fruiting*cells 
of Basidiomycetes. 

Basidiomyce'tes. The subclass of fungi which in- 
cljides the orders Gasteromyce'tes and Hymeno- 
myce'tes, to which most of the ordinary mush¬ 
rooms belong. It is characterized by enlarged 
club=shaped fruiting*cells, hasidia, which bear the 
spores on two, four, or six spinous processes, the 
sterigmata. 

ba-si-fa'cial. Pertaining to the base of the skull 
and the face. B. angle, the angle between the 
basifacial and basicranial axes. B. axis, a line 
from the middle part of the anterior extremity of 
the sphenoid bone (gonion) to the middle of the 
inferior border of the anterior nasal aperture 
(subnasal point). 


BASIHYAL 


113 


BASSIA 


ba-si-hy'al, ba-si-hy'oid. Either of the two small 
subcubical bones, one on each side, forming the 
body of the inverted hyoid arch: in man, the body 
of the hyoid bone. 

basil (baz'd). An aromatic labiate plant, O'cymum 
basil'icum, a native of India: used as a condiment 
and in domestic medicine; also, one of various 
other fragrant plants of the genera O'cymum and 
Pycnan'tkemum. 

bas'i-lad. Toward the base or the basilar aspect; 
in a basilar direction. 

bas'i-lar. Belonging to the base; seated at the base 
(especially of the skull); toward the skull. B. an¬ 
gle. I. The angle between the nasobasilar and 
basialveolar lines, Basiopic angle. 2. An 
angle between any two basilar radii; Segond’s an¬ 
gle. B. apophysis, the basilar process of the oc¬ 
cipital bone. B. artery, an artery formed by the 
union of the right and left vertebrals; arteria 
hasilaris"^. It aids in supplying the brain and the 
internal ear. B. aspect, the aspect of the head 
seen when looking toward the base of the skull. 
B. bone. i. The sphenoid bone. 2. The sacrum. 
3. The basilar process of the occipital bone. B. 
crest, CRISTA basilaris. B. fibres, the fibres 
of the basilar membrane. B. groove, a concave 
gutter on the upper surface of the basilar process 
of the occipital bone, sloping down to the occipital 
foramen. B. index, the number obtained by 
dividing the basialveolar line multiplied by 100 by 
the cranial length. B. membrane, the lower of the 
tWD membranous boundaries (the upper being 
Reissner’s membrane) between which lies the scala 
media in the internal ear. B. meningitis, inflam¬ 
mation of the membranes of the lower surface of 
the brain. B. phalanx = proximal phalanx. B. 
plate = BASICRANIAL PLATE. B. plexus, the trans¬ 
verse sinus. B. process, a forward projection of 
the occipital bone which articulates with the body 
of the sphenoid bone. B. radii, lines from the 
basion to selected points on the surface of the 
skull. B. sinus = TRANSVERSE SINUS. B. suture, 
the suture between the basilar process of the oc¬ 
cipital bone and the body of the sphenoid. B. vein, 
a branch of the vein of Galen, passing over the crus 
cerebri. B. vertebra, the fifth lumbar vertebra. 

ba-si-lat'e-ral. Both basal and lateral; situated at 
the side of the base. 

ba-si-lem'ma. = Basement membrane. [<(iaaig 
base -f M/iifia rind.] 

ba-siTic. i. Kingly; royal. 2. The basilic vein. 
B. vein, a large vein, formed by the union of the 
median basilic and superficial ulnar veins, situated 
on the inner side of the arm, and extending from 
the bend of the elbow upward and almost over 
the course of the brachial artery; vena basilica*. 
It was important because often opened in case of 
blooddetting. Median b. vein, a short vein at the 
bend of the elbow, crossing the brachial artery 
and ending in the basilic. [< L. basil'icus, fr. 
(iaoL'Xcvq king.] 

ba-sil'i-con ointment. =Ceratum resins*. 

Basil'icum citra'tum. Ocymum basilicum. Basil. 

ba*si-Io-breg-mat'ic. = Basiobregmatic. 

ba*si-lo-men'tal radius. A line from the basion to 
the anterior point of the chin. 

ba-siTy-sis. = Basiotripsy. is-Cephalotripsy. 
[ <base + Awif breaking up.] f^as'i-lyst, 
an instrument for effecting basilysis. 

ba-si-na'sal length. The distance between the basion 
and the nasion. B. line, a line from the basion to 
the nasion. 

$ 


ba'si-o-. Denoting the base of the skull, or the ba- 
sion: a combining form. [</?d(T^^’base.] ba'si-osal- 
ve'o-lar line =alveolobasilar line. — ba’si-o- 
breg-mat'ic line, a line joining the basion and the 
bregma.— ba’si-o-cera-to-glos'sus, the hyoglos- 
sus muscle.— ba'si-o-glos'sus, a muscle running 
from the base of the hyoid bone to the tongue. 
— ba-si-ol'y-sis = basiotripsy. — ba’si-o-pha- 
ryn'ge us, fibres of the constrictor pharyngis 
medius, arising from the hyoid bone.— ba'si-o- 
tribe, an instrument for crushing the base of the 
fetal skull, tba'si-o-trip-sy. 
ba’sisoc-cip'i-tal. i. Pertaining to the'basilar proc¬ 
ess of the occipital bone. 2. A 
bone in the embryo which devel¬ 
ops into the basilar process of the 
occipital bone: it remains a dis¬ 
tinct bone in many animals. B. 
bone, the basilar process of the 
occipital bone. 

ba'si on. The middle point of the 
anterior border of the foramen 
magnum. 

ba-si-op'ic angle. The angle be¬ 
tween the nasobasilar line and 
Meissner’s horizontal plane; bas¬ 
ilar angle of Broca, 
ba-si-ot'ic bone. A small bone of the foetus between 
the basioccipital and basisphenoid bones, 
ba-si-rhi'nal. Pertaining to the base of the brain 
and the nose. B. convolution, a convolution near 
the tip of the temporal lobe, bounded by the 
amygdaline and hippocampal fissures. B. fissure, 
a short fissure in the temporal lobe, being a contin¬ 
uation of the olfactory fissure; postrhinal fissure, 
ba'sis. =Base. B. cer'ebri*, base of the cere¬ 
brum. B. cor'dis*, base of the heart. ^Apex 
cordis*. B. cra'nii*, base of the cranium. B. 
puhno'nis*, base of the lung. B. substance = 

GROUND SUBSTANCE. [ L., fr. /SdcTif base.] 
ba -si-scop'ic. Looking toward the base; on the 
side that looks toward the base, 
ba-si-sphe'noid, ba’si-sphe-noi'dal. i. Relating to 
the base of the sphenoid bone. 2. The basisphe¬ 
noid bone, a bone in the embryo which develops 
into the back part of the body of the sphenoid: 
it remains a distinct bone in some animals, 
ba-si-syl'vi an fissure. The basal part of the sylvian 
fissure on the ventral aspect of the cerebrum, 
ba-si-tem'po-ral. Relating to the basisphenoid and 
temporal bones. 

ba-si-ver'te-bral. Relating to the centrum of a 
vertebra. B. veins, small veins in the bodies of 
the vertebrae; venae basivertebrales*. 
bas'ketswork. A peculiar network formed by the 
fibrils of the axisscylinder process (bas'ketscell) 
enclosing the body of another nervescell. 

Ba'sle (Basel) anatomical nomenclature. ==BNA. 
ba*sosoc-cip'i-tal. = Basi*occipital. 
ba'so-phile. i. Having an affinity for nuclear 
stains. 2. A leucocyte containing large granules 
which have an affinity for basic stains: mastcell. 

Leucocytes, f ba-so-phil'ic; ba-soph'i-lous. 
ba-so-phil'i a, an increase in the number of baso¬ 
philic leucocytes in the blood, 
ba-so-pho'bi a. Morbid fear of walking, or insane 
distrust of one’s ability to walk, fba-so-pho'bi ac. 
bass. =Bast. 

basssdeaf'ness. Deafness to certain low tones. 
Bas'sia. A genus of sapotaceous trees of Central 
Africa, whose seeds afford oily substances similar 
to cacao butter, es- Maclayin. 



Basi-occipital 
Bone, A, from 

WITHIN. 


BASSinrS OPERATION 


114 


BAUNSCHEIDTISM 


Bas-si'ni’s operation. i. A radical operation for 
the cure of inguinal hernia. 2. A radical opera¬ 
tion for the cure of femoral hernia. [Edoardo 
Bassini, Italian surgeon, 1847- .] 

Bas'so-ra galls. A kind of nutgalls which are 
grovmd up and pressed into bricks before they 
become known to general commerce. They con¬ 
tain about 27% of tannin. B. gum, the gum of 
an unknown plant which came originally from 
Bassora, in Asiatic Turkey. It resembles gum 
arabic, and is used to adulterate tragacanth. 
bas'so-rin. A vegetable mucilage, CjgHgoOjg, found 
in tragacanth and other gums: allied to pectose. 
bast, bass. The fibrous inner bark of exogenous 
plants, composed of bastscells or bast=fibres, the 
long, slender woodscells of bark: tougher than 
the wood=cells of the true wood. Various kinds 
of bast have limited uses in surgery, 
bas^tard. Illegitimate; spurious: used to qualify the 
name of a plant or a disease closely resembling 
another. B. measles = rubella. B. saffron = 
Carthamus tinctorius. B. smallpox == vari¬ 
cella. 

ba'syl. The electropositive element of a salt. [ < 
(Sdcrtg base -f- substance.] 

Bate'man’s pectoral drops. =Tinctura pecto- 

RALIS. 

bath. Any yielding medium, such as water, sand, 
etc., in which a body is immersed; balneum. 
CF- Spa. Baths are commonly divided into general 
and partial: they may consist of simple water or 
be medicated. The physiological and therapeutic 
effects of general baths are modified by their 
temperature and duration. The temperatme of 
a cold bath is from 0° to 15° C. (32° to 60° F.); 
below 10° C. (50® F.) it is considered very cold. 
The temperature of a cool bath is from 15° to 
25° C. (60° to 75® F.); that of a temperate bath, 
25® to 30® C. (75® to 85® F.); of a tepid bath, 
30® to 33® C. (85® to 92® F.); of a warm bath, 
33® to 37® C. (92® to 98® F.), or about the tem¬ 
perature of the body; of a hot bath, 36® to 43® 
C. (98® to no® F.). The hoUair or sweating bath 
is from 38® to 54° C. (100® to 130® F.); the vapor 
bath, 50® to 63® C. (122® to 14s® F.). Some spe¬ 
cially named varieties other than those described 
above are Acid, Airs, Alcohol, Alkaline, Alum, 
Animal ( = balneum animale). Arsenical, As¬ 
tringent, Blanket, Blood, Bog (k^mud). 
Borax, Boxs, Brans, Brand, Brine, Creosote, 
Earths, Electrothermal, Emollient, Foot=> 
(==pediluvium). Full, Gelatin, Halfs, Herb, 
Hip^ ( = siTZs), HoUair (= Turkish), Internal, 
Irons, Medicated, Mercurial, Milk, Mud, 
Mustard, Nauheim (^Nauheim treatment), 
Pack, Peats, Plunges, Rain, Russian, Sands, 
Seaswater, Sheets, Showers, Sitzs, Slimes, 
Solid, Sponges, Starchs, Sulphurs, Suns, and 
Turkish. B. fever, a fever marked by accelera¬ 
tion of pulse, a cutaneous eruption, and debility, 
caused by excessive bathing. B. pruritus, pruritis 
immediately after bathing, in certain individuals 
having a sensitive skin: perhaps associated with 
abnormal perspiration. 

bath'mis. An old name for the cavity of a bone 
which receives the extremity of another in artic¬ 
ulation. [ < I 3 a 0 /j.'ig step.] 
bath'mism. The vital force supposed to regulate 
nutrition and growth. 

bath-o-pho'bi a. i. Fear of being at a great height. 
2. Fear of lofty objects. [< [ 3 ar 6 g height -f ip 6 (iog 
fear.] 


bath'y-. Low or deep: a combining form. [< 

deep.] bath-y-car'di a, low position of the heart. 
— bath-y-cen-te'sis, deep acupuncture.— bath-y- 
aes-the'si a, anaesthesia anomalies of deep or 
mesoblastic sensibility, as in the muscles, bones, 
joints, etc. — ba-thym'e-try, measurement of 
depth, as of any cavity of the body.— bath-y- 
mor'phi a, elongation of the eyeball: usual cause 
of myopia.— bath-y-stix'is == bathycentesis. 
bat'i-a-tor root. The root of Verno'nia nigrttia'na. 
bat'ra-co-plas-ty. A plastic operation for ranula. 
bat'ra-chus. = Ranula. [< ^drpaxog irog.] 
bat'ra-cin. A poisonous secretion from the skin«> 
glands of various toads and other batrachians. 
bat’s'swing disease. = Lupus erythematosus. 
bat'ta-lism. Stuttering with difficulty in pronoun¬ 
cing the letter r. [< (idrra'kog a stutterer.] 
bat'ta-rism. i. Stuttering. 2. A hesitating but 
headlong manner of utterance. [< ftarTapLOfidg.'] 
battements nerveux des arteres. Abnormal arterial 
pulsation in neurasthenia or anaemia, especially 
of the abdominal aorta. [F.] 
bat'ter. A mixture of gypsum, sand, marble*dust, 
and asbestos, in which artificial dentures are 
enclosed for heating in a furnace, 
bat'te-ry. A series of two or more similar pieces of 
apparatus arranged so as to reinforce each 
other’s action; especially, a series of galvanic 
CELLS joined so as to furnish a current. ^Cell. 
B. current, a current from a galvanic battery. 
Bat'tey’s iodized phenol. A mixture of iodine, 240 
grs., with carbolic acid, i fl. O/ usually diluted 
with equal parts of glycerin. operation, re¬ 

moval of one or both ovaries wh ; here is marked 
derangement in the performan«. if their func¬ 
tions without direct signs of a disei ^d condition, 
as in cases of menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, etc. 
bat'tle-dore placenta. A placenta which has the 
umbilical cord attached at or near the edge. 
Batt'ley’s sedative. A sedative preparation, con¬ 
sisting of extract of opium, 360 grs.; boiling 
water, 7 fl. ozs.; alcohol, fl. ozs., and cold 
water, to make 10 fl. ozs. Dose, 0.3 Cc. (5 mins.). 
Bat'tle’s operation. The temporary displacement 
of the rectus muscle in lateral abdominal section; 
especially applicable for the removal of the ap¬ 
pendix in the quiescent period. 

Baudelocque’s diameter or line (b 6 -df- 16 cs). The 
external conjugate diameter of the pelvis. 
Baudin’s law (bo-dahz). The. law that states an 
antagonism between tuberculosis and malaria, 
baudruche (bo-drttsh). Gold=beaters’skin. [ F.] 
Bauhin’s glands (bo-ahz). =Nuhn’s glands. B.’s 
valve or valvule = ileoc.ecal valve. 

Baum’s operation. Neurectasis of the facial ner\'e 
by an incision made from the ear downward. 
Baum^ scale (bo-me). A scale used commercially 
for measuring the specific gravity of fluids in 
Baum^ degrees. For liquids heavier than water 
the relation between the specific gravity (S) and 
the Baum6 scale (B) is 


B = i45 


its 

S 


or 


145 


145—B 

For liquids lighter than water the relation is 


•D ^40 140 

B = -—— 130 or S =-—• 

o 130 + B 

Bau-mfes’s law. —Colles’s law. 

Baunscheidtism (baun'shait-tzm). Counter^irrita- 
tion by pricking or scratching the skin with 
needles or a brush of wire and then rubbing tfle 
part with a liquid containing mustard and pepper. 


f 





BAVARIAN SPLINT 


115 


BECHTEREW’S DISEASE 


Ba-va'ri an splint. A splint made of flannel fitted 
and stitched over a limb and stiffened with 
chalk, gypsum, gum, etc. 

baw'chan=seed. The seed of Psora'lea corylifo'lia, 
an East Indian plant: used by the natives as a 
tonic and in skin diseases, 
bay'ber-ries. i. The berries of Lau'rus no'bilis, or 
sweet bay. A solid substance is extracted from 
them, called laurin, or camphor of the bayberry. 
2. The fruit of Myri'ca cerif'era or wax myrtle, 
yielding a wax known as bayberry tallow: used 
in making candles, and sometimes in cerates. 3. 
A commercial name for pimento, or allspice, 
bay cherry, bay laurel. =Cherryslaurel. 
baycuru (bai-cu-rii'). A species of marsh rosemary, 
Sta'tice brasilien'sis, or its root, also 5 . antarc'tica, 
of South America; buaycura; guaycura: used as 
an astringent. 

Bay'er’s test. A test for acetone in urine, made by 
mixing equal volumes of urine and nitrobenzalde- 
hyde in water and rendering the mixture alkaline. 
Indigo blue results if acetone is present. 

Bayle’s granulations. Gray tuberculous nodules 
which have undergone fibroid and calcareous 
degeneration: often found in the lungs, 
baysleaf. The leaf of the sweet bay, Lau'rus no'bilis: 

used in medicine as a stimulant and a narcotic. 
Bayn'ton’s method or operation. Treatment of in¬ 
dolent ulcers of the leg by the application of ad¬ 
hesive straps and a bandage, 
bay oil. i. An oil from the berries of Lau'rus no'¬ 
bilis: used i^ '^^erinary medicine. 2. A volatile 
oil from My i ac'ris: used in perfumery and in 
making ba’ dm. 

bay'o-netsleg Backward displacement of the bones 
of the lov*^^ leg, followed by ankylosis at the knee, 
bay rum. =Spiritus myrci^. 
bay salt. Sodium chloride; also, the salt obtained 
from sea*water by evaporation. 

Ba -zin’s'disease (ba-zahz). Psoriasis of the mucous 
membrane of the cheek. B.’s er3rthema, a form 
of nodular erythema on the legs of scrofulous 
individuals. 

bdalsis (dal'sts). Sucking, as in lactation or in 
leeching. [<^ 6 dlXeiv to suck.] 
bdella (dd'a). Leech. [Gr.] fbdel-lep-i-the'ci um, 
a tube used in applying leeches, bdel-le-pith'e- 
sis, the application of leeches; leeching, bdel- 
lom'e-ter, artificial leech, bdel-lot'o-my. i. The 
cutting of a sucking leech so as to increase the 
amount of blood it will take. 2. The use of the 
bdellometer. 

bdellium (dd'ium). A name applied to several 
gumsresinous substances. One of these is the 
Indian bdellium, or false myrrh, said to be pro¬ 
cured from Balsamoden'dron moo'kul (mu'kul) 
and B. pubes'cens. The African bdellium is 
obtained from Balsamoden'dron africa'num. 
bead^ed. In bacteriology, denoting, in agar strokes, 
disjointed or confluent colonies; in agar stabs, 
disjointed or confluent colonies along the line of 
inoculation. B. hair = monilethrix. B. ribs, 
beading of the ribs, ^rhachitic rosary. 
beak of the corpus callosum. The recurved anterior 
end of the corpus callosum; rostrum corporis cal- 
losi*. 

beaked pelvis. = Rostrate pelvis. 
bea'ker. A cylindrical thin glass vessel with a flar¬ 
ing top, often mouthed: used in laboratories. 
IS* Nest. B. cells = goblet cells. 

Beale’s fibre. A spiral fibre or process seen in sym¬ 
pathetic ganglioni»cells and becoming a medullated 


nerve; spiral fibre. B.’s ganglion cells, bipolar 
cells with one process coiled spirally around the 
other: first discovered in the abdominal sympa¬ 
thetic nerve of the frog. B.’s glycerin jelly, a 
mounting medium made of equal parts of glycerin 
and water=softened gelatin, 
bean of St. Ignatius, Ignatia. 
bear'ber-ry. =Uva ursi. 

Beard’s disease. = Neurasthenia. 
bear'ing down. i. The feeling of pressure and ful¬ 
ness in the vagina in certain uterine affections. 
2. The effort of a parturient woman to assist de¬ 
livery. t^car'ingsdown pains, the expulsive labor 
pains after dilatation of the cervix, 
bear'ingsseat. A canvas seat with a cross=stick at 
each end. It is used in armies for carrying 
wotmded men off the field of battle, 
bear’s breech. = Acanthus mollis. B.’s foot = 
PoLYMNiA UVEDALIA. B.’s grease, bearsfat, once 
popularly esteemed as an emollient and as a hair* 
dressing. B.’s=paw root = aspidium. 
bear'weed. =Veratrum viride. 
beast'ings. = Beestings. 
beat. A throb or pulsation, as a pulse=beat. 
beat'ing. =Tapotement. 

Beat'tysBright’s frictionssound. The frictionssound 
of pleurisy. 

Beaum^’s sign (b6-mez). Retrosternal pain in an¬ 
gina pectoris. 

Beau’s disease (b6z). Cardiac insufficiency. 
Beauvais’s disease (b6-v6z). Chronic articular rheu¬ 
matism. 

bea'ver poison. =Cicuta maculata. 
bea'verstail liver. A liver in which the left lobe 
resembles the tail of a beaver, 
be-bee'ru, bi-bi'ru. The lauraceous tree, Nectan- 
DRA RODi^i, of British Guiana, whose timber is 
known as greensheart. From the seeds be-bee'- 
ric acid, a white, crystalline, volatile acid, is ob¬ 
tained, and from the bark be-bee'rine, an ether* 
soluble alkaloid, CigHjiNOg, which has been used 
as an antiperiodic, generally in the form of com¬ 
mercial bebeerine sulphate, a mixture of bebeerine 
and sipirine sulphates. Dose,'0.i3 Gm. (2 grs.). 
bee car-cel. Standard candle. 
bec-ca-bung'a. ==Veronica beccabunga. [< Ger.] 
Beccaria’s sign or test (b^c-ca-ri'az). A severe pul¬ 
sating pain in the region of the occiput, regarded 
as a sign of pregnancy. 

bech-ass-the'sis, bech-es-the'sis. The sensation which 
prompts an act of coughing. [< cough + 
aicdTjGLg sensation.] 

bech'ic. Belonging to or relieving a cough, as a 
medicine. [ < L. bech'icus, fr. cough.] 
bech-or-thop-noe'a. Whooping * cough. [< 
cough -f- bfjdog upright -f irveiv to breathe.] 
Bech'te-rew’s disease. An hereditary type of spon¬ 
dylitis deformans: often following slight trau¬ 
ma. associated with symptoms of involvement of 
the nerve*roots, and involving no joints except 
those of the spine, in contradistinction to the 
StriimpelLMarie type, Poker back. B.’s 
nucleus, a mass of gray matter lying within the 
lateral wall of the fourth ventricle, on the dor¬ 
sal side of Deiters’s nucleus, giving rise to some of 
the fibres of the median or vestibular root of the 
auditory nerve; nucleus angularis; nucleus vestib¬ 
ularis. B.’s reaction {in tetany), tetanic con¬ 
traction of a muscle, following even the minimal 
stimulating electric current if continued. B.’s 
sign, the anaesthesia of locomotor ataxia. B.’s 
tract— TEGMENTAL TRACT. 


BECKMANN’S FORMULA 


116 


BEHRING’S SERUM 


Beck'mann’s formula. The formula M =-— used 

A 

in cryoscopic work: M = molecular weight of dis¬ 
solved substance; K= a constant for each sol¬ 
vent, 18.5 in the case of water; P=the percent¬ 
age strength of the solution; and A=:the low¬ 
ering of the freezing point of the solvent, in 
C. degrees, caused by the dissolved substance. 
Beck’s paste. = Bismuth paste. 

Be-clard’s hernia. Femoral hernia through the saph¬ 
enous opening. B.’s nucleus or centre, a lenticular 
vascular, bony nucleus appearing in the cartilage 
of the lower femoral epiphysis during the thirty- 
seventh week of embryonic life. B.’s operation, 
amputation at the hip*joint by anteroposterior 
flaps cut from within outward. B.’s suture, a su¬ 
ture in which white and colored threads are used, 
the one being pulled out at one end and the 
other at the opposite end when withdrawn. 
Becquerel’s rays (bec-rdz). Rays from uranium: 
discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel, a French 
physicist, which paved the way for the work of 
the Curies upon radium. B.’s gout pills, pills 
of quinine sulphate, 24 grs.; extract of digitalis, 3 
grs.; colchicum seeds, 8 grs.: made into ten pills, 
becuibasnut (be-cwi'ba-nut). The fruit of Myrw'- 
tica becuhy'ba, a Brazilian tree, a balsam from 
which is said to be useful in rheumatism, 
bed'bug. =CiMEX lectularius. 
bed'scase. A case of hysteria in which the patient 
voluntarily and persistently keeps in bed. 
bed'e-gar, bed'e-guar. A gall found on various 
species of Ro'sa, and produced by the puncture of 
several species of insects, especially Cy'nips to'scb; 
sweet-brier sponge; fungus rosarum. 
bed'sfast. Confined to the bed. 

Bed'nar’s aphthae. Aphthous ulceration of the 
hard palate of new¬ 
born infants: generally 
fatal. 

bed'pan. A flat vessel for 
receiving the faeces or 
urine of a person while 
in bed. 

bed'=ridden. Confined to 
the bed. 

bed'ssore. A sore due to gangrenous pressure- 
necrosis of the skin over bony points, such as the 
sacrum, trochanters, elbows, heels, etc., where 
they come in contact with the bed; decubitus: 
usually seen in conditions of marked debility or 
malnutrition, especially of spinal origin, 
bed'sstraw. The popular name for Galium verum. 
bedswet'ting. Nocturnal enuresis, 
bee. A hymenopterous insect of the genus A'pis, 
having four wings, as the Honey=^bee, A. mellif'ica. 
B.sbread, a mass composed of the pollen of flowers, 
collected by bees as food for the young brood. 
Propolis is sometimes incorrectly called bee-bread, 
beech. A cupuliferous tree of the genus Fa'gus, 
having an edible nut which yields a bland fixed 
oil. (^Creosote. B. drops = epiphegus. 
beef. The flesh of the slaughtered ox, bull, or cow. 
B. extract, a semi-solid extract containing the 
substances f rotn beef which are soluble in boiling 
water, chiefly creatin and phosphates: used as a 
stimulant in the form of beef-tea, and for mak¬ 
ing bacteriological culture-media. B.sjuice, the 
juice of fresh beef, obtained by expression with¬ 
out the application of heat. B. meal, beef dried 
and powdered: used as a food for the sick. B. 
peptone, a preparation made by treating beef- 



Bedpan. 


juice with pancreatic extract. B. tapeworm = 
T^nia saginata. B.stea, an infusion of lean 
beef. Bouillon. It is best made by chop¬ 
ping the meat, placing it in a bottle, and then 
heating the bottle for ten minutes in boiling 
water. The liquid portion is then served hot or 
cold. Beef-tea is stimulant rather than nutrient. 

beer. The fermented infusion of malted barley, 
flavored with hops. It contains from 2 to 8% of 
alcohol. The term is also applied to beverages 
consisting of a saccharine liquor partially ad¬ 
vanced into the vinous fermentation and flavored 
with peculiar substances, as Spruce beer. Ginger 
beer, etc. B. yeast = brewer’s yeast. 

Beer’s collyrium. An eye-wash made of lead ace¬ 
tate, rose water, and spirit of rosemary. B.’s 
knife, a knife with a triangular blade: used 
especially for operations on the eye. 

beer'wort. An unfermented infusion of malt: used 
as a culture-medium for yeasts and moulds. 

beest'ings. Colostrum of the cow. 

bees'wax. =Cera flava. 

beet. ^Beta. B.ssugar, saccharose from beets. 

Bee'vor’s sign. The riding up the umbilicus while 
endeavoring to raise the head from the bed: 
caused by paralysis of the lower segments of the 
recti abdominis. (Russel.) 

Beg'bie’s disease. i. = Exophthalmic goitre. 
2. Hysterical chorea. 

Beggiatoa (b^d-ji-a-to'a). A genus of filamentous 
higher bacteria, very closely resembling the Os- 
cillato'ria of the lower algee: commonly found in 
water, and moving freely by means of an undu¬ 
lating membrane. The cells contain sulphur- 
granules, but no chlorophyll or phycocyanin, al¬ 
though in some species bacteriopurpurin is 
found. B. al'ba, a species found in sulphurous 
mineral waters and refuse of tanneries and sugar- 
factories, forming baregin. B. ni'vea, a species 
found in sulphur springs. B. puncta'ta = B. alba. 
B. roseopersici'na is found in ditches and on putrid 
matter, forming a rose-colored pellicle. It pro¬ 
duces BACTERIOPURPURIN. [ < F. S. Beggiato, 
an Italian savant.] fBeggiatoa'ceae, the family 
of which Beg- 
giato'a is the 
type. 

beg'ma, pi. beg'- 
maia. A cough, 
more correct¬ 
ly, that which 
is coughed up. 

[< 

Beguin’s fuming 
liquor(beganz). 

= Boyle’s 

FUMING LIQ- 
U OR. 

be'hen, be-hen'ic. 

= Ben, benic. 

BehiersHardy’s 
symptom (be- 
ye-har'dlz). An 
early symptom 
in pulmonary 
gangrene, con¬ 
sisting in loss of 
voice. 

Beh'ring’s (Beh'ringsRoux’s) serum. = Serum an- 
TIDIPHTHERICUM*. B.’s method, a method of 
immunization against bovine tuberculosis, tsr 
Tuberculase; tulase. [HL. j. ’06.3 



Emil Adolph von Behring, Ger¬ 
man Physician, 1854- . 








BEIGEL’S DISEASE 


117 


BELOID 



Belladonna. 



Bei'gel’s disease, i. Hysterical chorea. 2. =Trich- 

ORRHEXIS NODOSA. 

be'la, gen. -Icb. =.^gle marmelos. Be'lae fruc'- 
tus,the frtiit of ^gle marmelos; bael fruit, used 
in diarrhoeas, etc. 
bel'ching. = Eructation. 

be-lem'noid (be-len'oid) process. = Styloid proc¬ 
ess. 

bell sound. =Bell5Metal resonance. 
bel-la-don'na. The solanaceous herb At'ropa 
belladon'na; deadly nightshade: the source of 
belladonna folia* and 

BELLADONNA RADIX*, 
which contain the mydri¬ 
atic alkaloids atropine, 

HYOSCINE, HYOSCYAMINE, 

and sometimes atropa- 
MINE and BELLADONNINE. 

B. plaster = emplastrum 


Microscopic Section 
OF Belladonna. 


BELLADONNA*. [It., “ handsome lady,” from its 
cosmetic use.] 

belladon'nae fo'lia*. The dried leaves of At'ropa 
belladon'na, containing not less than 0.3% of 
mydriatic alkaloids: the source of most of the 
U. S. P. preparations of belladonna. Dose, 0.065 
Gm. (i gr.). ^Emplastrum belladonna*; 

EXTRACTUM BELLADONNA FOLIORUM*; PILULA 
LAXATIVA COMPOSITA*; PILULA PODOPHYLLI, 
BELLADONNA, ET CAPSICI*; TINCTURA BELLA¬ 
DONNA FOLIORUM*; and unguentum bella¬ 
donna*. B. ra'dix*, the dried root of At'ropa 
belladon'na, containing, when tested according 
to the process laid down in the U. S. P. for the 
purpose of assaying belladonna leaves, not less 
than 0.45% of mydriatic alkaloids: the source of 
most of the B. P preparations of belladonna. 
Dose, 0.045 Gm. (| gr.). Fluidextractum 
belladonna radicis*. The process of assaying 
the leaves and root is given on page 67 of the 
U. S. P., eighth decennial revision. 

bel-la-don'nine. An amorphous alkaloid, 

NO2, from belladonna: believed by some to be 
identical with hyoscyamine. 

bel'lied bougie. = Fusiform bougie. 

Bel-li'ni’s ducts or tubes. = Ductus recti. B.’s 
ligament, the tendinostrochanteric ligament. 

BeFlis peren'nis. The European daisy, a composite 
plant formerly used as a tonic, aperient, expecto¬ 
rant, and vulnerary. 

bellsmet'al resonance. A metallic sound heard in 
pneumothorax on auscultation of one side of the 
chest when a coin placed upon the other side of 
the chest is tapped with another; coin*sound. 


Bellocq’s cannula or sound (be-l6cz). An instru¬ 
ment for plugging the posterior nares to arrest 
hemorrhage. It consists of a cannula containing 
a stylet, to which a plug may be attached and 
drawn up into the posterior nares. (See illustra¬ 
tion below.) 

bel'lo-form. A proprietary disinfectant contain¬ 
ing formaldehyde, cresol, oleates, etc. [ Eu. 
’08.] 

bel'lon. Lead colic. [<Fr.] 

bel'lows murmur or sound. = Bruit de soufflet. 

Bell’s angles. Craniometrical angles formed by the 
intersection of Bell’s vertical line with Cowper’s 
line and with a line from the middle point of the 
anterior edge of the occipital foramen to the 
point of intersection of the supra=orbital and 
median lines. B.’s disease, B.’s mania, acute 
periencephalitis; a form of mania with delirium, 
loss of sleep, etc. It runs a rapid course, ending 
in death. B.’s law, the law that the anterior roots 
of the spinal nerves are motor and the posterior 
sensory. B.’s muscles, the musculi pylori of the 
ureters. B.’s nerves, the external and internal 
respiratory nerves. B.’s palsy or paralysis, paraly¬ 
sis of the face, usually unilateral, from inflam¬ 
mation of the facial nerve; generally due to ex¬ 
posure to cold. B.’s phenomenon, the upward 
rolling of the eyeball in attempting to close the 
lids in facial paralysis. B.’s purgative powder, an 
anthelmintic powder composed of scammony, 
rhubarb, and calomel, equal parts, and sugar. 
B.’s spasm, convulsive tic. B.’s vertical line, 
a line through the centre of the foramen mag¬ 
num to the point where the cranium would 
balance if suspended. B.’s suture, a form of 
glovers’ suture made by passing the needle from 
within outward alternately on the edges of the 
wound. 

bel'ly. = Abdomen*; alvus; venter. B.sache 
= colic, def. 2. B.sband, ^ Rose’s belt. B.s 
bound, constipated. B.=button = umbilicus. 
B. of muscle, the middle fleshy part of a muscle 
as distinguished from its tendinous portion. B.s 
stalk, the pedicle of chorionic mesoderm uniting 
the foetus with the chorionic membrane; abdom¬ 
inal pedicle. B.ssweetbread, the popular name 
for the pancreas of the calf. 



Bellocq’s Cannula. — A. The instrument in position. 
B. Plug with string, ready to attach to cannula, i. 
Nasopharynx. 2. Opening of eustachian tube. 3. Ton¬ 
sil. 4. Uvula. 

Bel'mas’s operation. The introduction of gold* 
beaters’ skin in the neck of inguinal hernia in 
order to cause inflammation and thus cure the 
hernia. 

beToid. =Belonoid arrow.] 












BELONEPHOBIA 


118 


BENZOIN 


bel-o-ne-pho'bi a. Insane dread of needles and pins, 
bel'o-noid. Resembling a bodkin; styloid: applied 
to processes of bone. 

bel-o-nos'pa-sis. Irritation produced by applying 
needles to the skin. 

ben, oil of. The expressed oil of the benmut, the 
seed of Morin'ga pterygosper'ma, remarkable for 
not becoming rancid for many years. 
Bencesjones’s ^bumin, albumose, or body. A form 
of albumose found in the urine in severe bones 
marrow affections, especially multiple myeloma: 
it forms a heavy precipitate on warming the 
urine, which disappears on boiling and reappears 
on cooling, Myelopathic albumosuria. 
bends. = Caisson dis-ease. 

benedic'tum vi'num. =Antimonial wine. [L.] 
Benedikt’s syndrome (ben'i-dt'cts). Paralysis of the 
muscles supplied by the third cranial nerve of 
one side, with paralytic tremor of the upper ex¬ 
tremity of the other: indicative of a lesion of the 
crus where the third nerve passes through it. 
Weber’s symptom. 

ben'e-tol. An antiseptic discovered by Carel. 
beng. Cannabis indica. 

Bengal kino (b^n-gol'). Butea frondosa. B. 

quince = .TIgle marmelos. 
ben'ic or be-hen'ic acid. A normal fatty acid, 
C2 iH 43COOH, obtained from oil of ben. 
be-nign', be-nig'nant. Kind; mild; not severe; not 
malignant. B. disease, a mild disease; a dis¬ 
ease which may continue a long time without 
serious consequences. B. tumor, a tumor not 
tending to recur after removal, fbe-nig'nan-cy. 
ben'ja-min. A corruption of benzoin. Flowers of 
b., benzoic acid. 

ben'ne leaves. Sesamum leaves. B. oil — oleum 
sesami. 

Ben'nett’s fracture. A stave fracture of the thumb, 
simulating a fracture. 

ben-o-le'ic acid. An acid, homologous with oleic 
acid, obtained from the benmut. 

Bent’s operation. Excision of the shoulder in which 
a flap is taken from the deltoid region with its 
base inward by means of one vertical and two 
transverse incisions. 

ben-zac'e-tin. Phenacetincarboxylic acid; aceta- 
midomethoxylbenzoic acid, CgH3(OC2H5) (COO- 
H)(NHC0CH3) : used like acetphenetidin. Dose, 
0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 

ben-zac'o-nine. An inert alkaloid from aconitine, 
ben'zal (ben-zal'de-hyde)green.=MALACHiTE green. 
ben-zal'co-hol. = Benzyl alcohol. 
benzaldehy'dum*, ben-zal'de-hyde. An aldehyde, 
CgHg.COH, produced artificially, or obtained from 
natural oil of bitter almonds or other oils, and 
containing not less than 85% of pure benzalde- 
hyde; benzoic aldehyde; artificial essential oil of 
almond; benzo5d hydride: used as a flavoring 
agent. (Do not use nitrobenzene for benzalde- 
hyde!) Dose, 0.03 Cc. min.). Oleum amyg¬ 
dala AMARA*. 

ben-zam'ide. The amide of benzoic acid, CgHgCO- 
NH2, formed by the action of benzoyl chloride 
upon alcoholic ammonia. 

ben-zan'i-lid. A crystalline compound, CgHg.NH- 
(C7H5O); aniline benzoate: used as a febrifuge. 
Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 

,ben'zene. i. A hydrocarbon, C^Hg, obtained by the 
distillation of coal or naphtha; benzol; phenyl hy¬ 
dride ; coal naphtha; benzolin. Benzene is a limpid, 
colorless, and volatile liquid, of an ethereal odor. 
It is inflammable, soluble in alcohol, ether, and 


turpentine, and is a powerful solvent of fats, 
gutta=percha, resins, caoutchouc, etc. It has been 
used internally as a vermifuge. Dose, 0.5 Cc. 
(10 mins.). B. nucleus, the six atoms of carbon 
entering into the benzene ring. B.sring, a graphic 
representation of the chemical formula of ben¬ 
zene, CgHg, it being represented as a closed chain, 

H 

C 

/A 

H—C6 2C—H 

II I 

H—C 5 3 C—H 

\ 4 /' 

c 

I 

H 

A substitution product with two side chains is 
spoken of as ortho- if the two groups are joined 
to adjacent carbon atoms, as numbers i and 2, 
5 and 6, i and 6, etc., each of which represents the 
same chemical formula; para- if the two groups 
are opposite, as i and 4, 2 and 5, 3 and 6; and 
META- if in the remaining arrangement, as i and 3, 
2 and 4, 3 and 5, 4 and 6, 5 and i. There are 
three possible arrangements of triple side chains; 
adjacent, as i, 2, 3; symmetrical, as i, 3, 5; and 
asymmetrical, as i, 2, 4. 2. = Benzin: an 

erroneous use. 

ben'zi-din. Paradiamidodiphenyl, NH2.C0H4.CgH^- 
NHo: used very largely in making azosdyes. B. 
test, an extremely delicate test for occult blood 
made by mixing a few drops of the fluid to be 
examined with an equal amoimt of glacial acetic 
acid saturated with pure benzidin and adding one 
or two Cc. of hydrogen peroxide solution: a blue 
color appears if blood is present, 
ben'zile. A yellowish substance, (CgHjCOjj, formed 
by oxidizing benzoin with nitric acid; dibenzoyl, 
ben-zil'ic acid. A white, crystalline substance Cj^- 
Hj 203, formed variously, as by warming benzile 
with alcoholic potash. 

ben'zi-mide. A crystalline compound, C 23 HjgN 202 , 
occurring in crude oil of bitter almond, 
ben'zin. = Benzinum*. 

benzi'num*. Petroleum benzin, a transparent, 
colorless, purified light distillate from American 
petroleum, having a strong characteristic odor 
slightly resembling that of petroleum; benzin; 
petroleum ether. It consists of a mixture of hy¬ 
drocarbons, chiefly of the marshsgas series, and 
is a good solvent for fats, resins, rubber, and 
some of the alkaloids. B. purifica'tum*, ben¬ 
zin purified by shaking with permanganate, first 
in acid solution, then in alkaline, 
ben'zo-ate. A salt of benzoic acid, 
ben'zo-a-ted. Containing benzoin or benzoic acid. 

B. lard = ADEPs benzoinatus*. 
ben-zo-fla'vin. Symmetrical diamidophenylacridine, 
a yellow basic stain isomeric with chrysaniline. 
ben-zo'ic. Relating to or obtained from gum ben¬ 
zoin. B. acid = AciDUMBENZoicuM*. B. alcohol 
= BENZYL ALCOHOL. B. aldehyde = BENZALDE- 
HYDUM*. B. ether, ethyl benzoate. B. fermenta¬ 
tion, hydrolysis of hippuric acid into benzoic acid 
and glycocoll. 

benzoin (ben'zo-m or bm'zoin). i. A stimulant 
and expectorant balsamic resin from Sty'rax 
hen'zoin and another unidentified species of 
Sty'rax (Fam. Styra'cecs) ; benzoinum* of the 
U S • P.: it is also used in parasitic skin diseases. 


BENZOINATED LARD 


119 


BERLIN BLUE 


j^Adeps benzoinatus*; tinctura benzoini*; 
TiNCTURA BENZoiNi COMPOSITA*. 2. A crystal¬ 
line substance, Cj^HjgOg, obtained from oil of 
bitter almond, and artificially by oxidizing hydro¬ 
benzoin with concentrated nitric acid, 
ben'zoi-na-ted lard. == Adeps benzoinatus*. 
ben'zoi-nol. A proprietary petrolatum liquidum*. 
benzoi'num*. = Benzoin. 

ben'zol, ben'zole, ben'zo-lin. = Benzene, def. i. 
fben'zo-lism, benzene poisoning; characterized 
in severe cases by hallucinations, epileptiform 
attacks, and coma with anaesthesia, 
ben-zo-naph'thol. BenzoyLnaphthol, CioH70(C-- 
H^O), obtained by the action of benzoyl chloride 
on betanaphthol. It is used as an intestinal 
antiseptic. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). repeated fre¬ 
quently. B.sbismuth, a brown powder, given in 
dose of I to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grs.). 
ben-zo-ni'trile. Phenyl cyanide, C^HgCN, a deriva¬ 
tive of benzoic acid; cyanbenzene; an oily liquid 
with an odor like that of bitter almond oil. ' 
ben-zo-phe'nol. = Phenol. 

ben-zo-phe'none. Diphenylketone, C.H^.CO.CeH^, 
obtained by distilling benzoic acid with lime, 
ben'zo-phe-no'ne-id. A yellow basic dye used like 
PYOKTANiN as a local antiseptic; auramin; apy- 
onin; yellow pyoktanin; imidotetramethyldipara- 
midodiphenylmethane. [Tf Compt. rend. Soc. Biol. 
’90.] 

ben-zo-pur'pu-rine. One of a group of brilliant 
scarlet protoplasm stains chemically resembling 
Congo red. Benzo pur purine B. is used as an 
indicator. 

ben-zo-quin'one. =Quinone. 
ben-zo-sal'i-cin. = Populin. 

ben-zo-sa'lin. The methyl ester, CgHjCO.OCgH^- 
COOCH3, of ben-zo-yl-sal-i-cyl'ic acid, CgH^CO.- 
OCgH^COOH: used as an intestinal antiseptic, 
ben-zo'sol. Guaiacol benzoate: used like gu.\iacol 
in tubercidosis. 

ben-zo-sul'phi-nide. = Benzosulphinidum*. 
benzosulphin'idum*. Benzosulphinide or saccha¬ 
rin, the anhydride of orthosulphamide=benzoic 

CO 

acid (benzoyl sulphonic*imide) CgH^C^gQ^NH, 

a white, crystalline powder discovered by Fahl- 
berg, with an intensely sweet taste, estimated as 
• 300 to 500 times sweeter than cane-sugar; glusi- 
dum (B. P.); glucide; gluside; glucusimide. 
Used as a substitute for sugar, especially in 
obesity and in diabetes. It is slightly soluble in 
water, but dissolves readily in alkaline solutions. 
Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). Saccharin-sodium. 
ben*zo-tri-chlo'ride. Phenyl-chloroform, CgHgCClg; 

used in making artificial benzoic acid, 
ben'zo-yl. The imivalent radical CgHg-CO-, of ben¬ 
zoic acid. B.sacetyl peroxide = ACETOzoNE. B.s 
ecgonine, an alkaloid, CgHj4(C7H50)N03, made by 
decomposing an aqueous solution of cocaine by 
heat. Its action resembles that of caffeine, but 
is not so powerful. B.sglycocoll = hippuric 
ACID. B.sguaiacol = benzosol. B.smethide = 
ACETOPHENONE. B. methyl ecgonine == cocaine. 
B.smorphine, a benzoyl compound with weak an¬ 
aesthetic properties. B.snaphthol = benzonaph- 
THOL. B.spseudotropeine, an alkaloid from the 
coca plant: a local anaesthetic. B. quinine, a ben¬ 
zoyl compound with local anaesthetic properties. 
B.=3alicin = populin. B.stropeine, an artificial 
alkaloid, CsH, 4(C7H50)N0, local anaesthetic, 
ben'zyl. The hydrocarbon radical, CgHg-CHa*. of 
benzyl alcohol. B. alcohol, phenyDmethyl alco¬ 


hol, CgHg.CHg.OH, formed by the hydration of 
benzaldehyde, and occurring naturally in the 
balsams of Peru and Tolu and in storax. B. 
aldehyde = benzaldehyde. B. benzoate, a vola¬ 
tile oil, C^HgOg.CyHy, contained in the balsams of 
Tolu and Peru. B. chloride, CgHg.CHgCl, the 
hydrochloric acid ester of benzyl alcohol: used 
in the manufacture of benzoic aldehyde. B. 
cinnamate, an oily liquid, C9H7O2.C7H7, occurring 
in the balsams of Tolu and Peru; cinnamein. 
ben-zyl-am'ine. A liquid base, CgHgCH^NHg. 
ben-zyl-mor'phine hydrochloride. = Peronin, 
B^rard’s aneurism (be-rdrz). A varicose aneurism 
that develops in the tissue aroimd the vein. 
Be'ra-neck’s tuberculin. [^[ Cor.-Bl. f. Schweiz 
Aerzte, ’07.] 

BIraud’s ligament (be-r6z). The suspensory liga¬ 
ment of the pericardium. B.’s valve, a fold of 
mucous membrane at the bottom of the lachry¬ 
mal sac at the beginning of the nasolachryraal 
duct; Krause’s valve. 

ber-bam'ine. An alkaloid, CigHigNOg + 2H2O, from 
barberry root. 

ber'be-rine. A yellow alkaloid, C20HJ7NO4, from 
Ber'beris vulga'ris and other species of Ber'heris. 
It is used as a tonic, generally in the form of 
sulphate or hydrochloride. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 
ber'be-ris*. i. The rhizome and roots of Ber'heris 
aquifo'lium and other species of Ber'beris. Dose, 

2 Gm. (30 grs.). 2. 6^ Barberry. 
ber'bine. An amorphous alkaloid from the root 
and inner bark of the barberry, 
ber-ga'miol. =Linaloyl acetate. 
ber'ga-mot. i. The fruit of Cit'rus berga'mia, a 
species of orange. 2. A fragrant species of mint, 
Men'tha citra'ta. The North American plant 
Monar'da fisiulo'sa is called wild bergamot. 3. A 
variety of the cultivated pear. B. camphor = 
BERGAPTENE. B. Oil = OLEUM BERGAMOTT^. 
ber-gap'tene. A stearoptene, CigHgO.,, from the 
bark of Cit'rus berga'mia, and found in oil of ber¬ 
gamot ; bergamot camphor, fber-gap-ten'ic acid, 
an acid, CjgHjgOg, whose lactone is bergaptene. 
ber'ge-nin. A bitter crystalline substance, CgH303,- 
H.jO, obtained from several species of Saxif'raga. 
It is said to be a valuable nerve tonic, intermedi¬ 
ate in action between salicylic acid and quinine. 
Bergeron’s disease (berzh-r6hz). Hysterical chorea. 
B.’s method, treatment of phthisis by rectal injec¬ 
tions of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide. 
Ber'ger’s operation. Interscapulothoracic amputa¬ 
tion by two flaps, a pectoro-axillary and a cervi- 
coscapular. B.’s paraesthesia, juvenile paraesthe- 
sia of one or both legs, with weakness but no 
objective symptoms. 

Bergkrankheit (berg-cranc'hait). = Mountain 
SICKNESS. [Ger.] 

ber-i-ber'i. An endemic, possibly infectious, and 
epidemic type of multiple neuritis, often with 
anasarca, commonly of tropical countries, espe¬ 
cially China, Japan, and Polynesia; endemic neu¬ 
ritis ; kakke: it has been supposed to be due to a 
staple diet of polished rice or of fish or to decom¬ 
position or infection of these foods or to arsenic 
in drinking water, but the causative agent is not 
certainly known. [< Hindoo heri fetters.] 
Ber'ke-feld filter. A filter consisting of a solid 
bougie, as in the Pasteur or Chamberland filter, 
but made of baked infusorial earth instead of 
porcelain. It retains bacteria, but is more porous 
than the porcelain filters and filters more rapidly. 
Ber-Un'blue. = Prussian blue. 


BERLIN’S DISEASE 


120 


DIATOMIC 


Ber-lin’s' disease. Traumatic oedema of the retina. 

Bernard’s canal (b^r-narz). = Santorini’s duct. 
B.’s granular layer, the inner layer of cells lining 
the acini of the pancreas. B.’s experiment, an 
experiment to prove irritability of muscle. B.’s 
theory, a theory of glycogen formation. [Claude 
Bernard, French physiologist, 1813-’78.] 

Bern'hardt’s disturbance of sensation. =Meralgia 

PARESTHETICA. 

ber'til-lo-nage. =Bertillon’s system. 

Bertillon’s classification (b#r-ti-y6fiz). A classifica¬ 
tion of diseases and the causes of death: used for 
morbidity and mortuary statistics and revised in 
1909 for use in the U. S. census of 1910; interna¬ 
tional system of nomenclature of diseases and 
causes of death. B.’s system, a system of Anthro¬ 
pometric measurements for identifying indi¬ 
viduals (especially criminals), in which certain 
dimensions of the head, trunk, and extremities, 
the color of the eyes, and any unusual markings 
of the individual, together with photographs and 
finger-prints, are classified, filed, and kept for 
identification; bertillonage: introduced by Al¬ 
phonse Bertillon. 

Bertin’s bones, ossicles, or spongy bones (b^r-tafiz). 
The sphenoturbinal bones. B.’s columns, the 
extensions of the cortical substance of the kidney 
inward between the malpighian pyramids. B.’s 
cornet = sphenoturbinal bone. B.’s ligament 

= ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT. 

Bertrandi’s suture (b^r-tran'diz). A continuous 
suture passed back and forth. 

Bert’s method. A method of anaesthesia in den¬ 
tistry by a mixture of nitrous oxide gas and 
oxygen. 

be-ryl'lium. =Glucinum. 

Besnier’s rheumatism (be-nyez). Chronic articu¬ 
lar rheumatism. 

besoin de respirer (bes-wdn de res-pi-re). Desire to 
breathe; the sensation which prompts the act of 
breathing. [F.] 

bes-ti-al'i-ty. Sexual intercourse with an animal. 

Bestucheff’s tincture (b^s-tu'shrfs). = Tinctura 

FERRI chloridi etherea of the N.F. 

Be'ta. A genus of chenopodiaceous plants. B. 
vulga'ris, the common beet, is said to have laxa¬ 
tive, deobstruent, and emollient qualities. ^ 
Betaine; betin. 

be'ta. The second letter of the Greek alphabet, 
13 . ts- a. B.sangle, the angle included between 
the RADIUS Fixus and a line joining the hormion 
and the bregma. B.seucaine, a local anaesthetic, 
C15H21O2N. HC 1 + H2O: used particularly in oph¬ 
thalmic practice, Alpha-eucaine. B.sgran- 
ules, the peculiar granules of pseudo-eosinophile 
leucocytes. B. 5 isoamylene = PENTAL. B.sleuco- 
cyte, a leucocyte which does not disintegrate 
during coagulation of the blood. B.slutidine = 
DiMETHYLPYRiDiN. B.soxybutyiic acid, an acid, 
CH3-CH(0H)-CH2-C00H, which causes acid in¬ 
toxication in diabetes and is found in the urine 
after a carbohydrate-free diet: it is the precursor 
of the acetone and diacetic acid. [<] 3 f/ra the 
second letter of the Greek alphabet.] fbe'ta- 
cism, the excessive use of the b sound in speaking. 

be'ta-ine. An alkaloid, C5HjiN02, trimethylgly- 
cocoll, derivable from the common beet and other 
sources and prepared by the oxidation of choline; 
oxyneurine; lycine. It is emmenagogue. Dose, 
0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). [<L. he'taheet.] 

be-ta-naph'thol*. A monatomic phenol, CjqH^OH, 
occurring in coal-tar but usually prepared from 


naphthalene; the naphtol of the 1890 U. S. P. It 
is used as an antiseptic and parasiticide and ap¬ 
plied externally in a 2 to 10% ointment in psoria¬ 
sis, scabies, eczema, etc. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). 
B. bismuth = orphol. B. carbonate, a dinaph¬ 
thyl ester of carbonic acid, CO(00^3117)2: an in¬ 
testinal antiseptic. B. orange, an orange proto¬ 
plasm stain, Na0S02.CgH^.Ng.CjoHg.OH ; orange 
II; tropceolin 000 No. i. B. salicylate = betol. 
be'tel. A masticatory employed in the East, con¬ 
sisting chiefly of the nut of Are'ca cat'echu, the 
catechu palm, rolled up with a little lime in the 
leaf of Pi'per be'tel. B.snut = areca. B. pep¬ 
per, Piper betel. 
bethsroot. Trillium. 

be'tin. A precipitate from the common beet, and 
said to be valuable as a substitute for ergot, 
be'tol. Betanaphthol salicylate, CgH4(OH)COO.- 
CigHy-, naphthalol; salinaphthol: an intestinal 
and urinary antiseptic. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
Beton'ica ofladna'lis, bet'o-ny. A labiate plant of 
Europe, having aromatic and astringent proper¬ 
ties. Its root is emetic and purgative. 
Bet'tel-heim’s granules. Small mobile granules ob¬ 
served in the blood. 

Bet'ten-dorff’s test. A test for arsenic made by 
mixing the liquid to be tested with hydrochloric 
acid and adding a solution of freshly prepared 
stannous chloride in hydrochloric acid, together 
with a small piece of pure tin-foil. (The latter is 
omitted when testing bismuth or antimony.) A 
brown color or precipitate indicates arsenic. 
Bet'ula. = Birch. From the bark of B. al'ba, 
bet'u-lin (betula or birch camphor), a white crys¬ 
talline substance, CggHg^Og, is obtained. It forms 
bet-u-lin'ic acid, C3gH540g, and bet*u-lin-a-mar'ic 
acid, C3gH520jg, on oxidation. 

Betz’s cells. Ganglion cells of unusual size forming 
a layer of the motor area of the gray matter of 
the brain: called by Betz giant pyramids. 
bex. A cough. B. convulsi'va, whooping-cough. 
[<cough.] 

bezoar, bezoard (bi-z6r', bi-z6rd'). A calculous con¬ 
cretion sometimes found in the stomach, intestines, 
and bladder of certain land animals, such as the 
ox, horse, and deer: formerly considered to pos¬ 
sess wonderful medicinal virtues, fbe-zo-ar'dic. 
I. Resembling a bezoar. 2. A medicine supposed 
to possess virtues similar to those of the bezoar; 
an antidote. B. calculus = bezoar. [< Pers. 
pazahar, fr. pa against + zahar poison.] 

Be-zold’s' abscess or disease. A brawny, purulent 
infiltration of the loose tissues of the neck, sec¬ 
ondary to perforating mastoiditis. B.’s ganglion, 
a set of ganglion scells in the inter auricular septum. 
B.’s mastoiditis, mastoiditis in which the pus has 
escaped into the digastric groove and the head of 
the sternocleidomastoid. B.’s sign, ^B.’s abscess. 
bhang, Cannabis indica*. 

Bi. The chemical symbol for bismuth. 
bi-. A prefix in certain compound names, signify¬ 
ing “two” or “twice,” as biceps, “two-headed”: 
DI-: sometimes for euphony written bin- before 
vowels, as binoxalate. [< L. bis twice.] 
bi -ac'id. Having two replaceable hydrogen atoms; 
diacid: said of a base. 

bi -as'te-ric. Between two asteria. Asterion. 
Bi'al’s test. A test for pentose in the urine, 
bi-au-ric'u-lar diameter. =Binauricular diame¬ 
ter. B. line, a line passing over the vertex and 
uniting the auricular points, 
bi-a-tom'ic. = Diatomic. 


BIB 


121 


BIFURCATION 


Bib. Abbr. of L. hi'be, drink, 
bi-ba'sic. = Dibasic. 

bib'e-ron. A vessel with a spout for giving food or 
medicine to the sick 

bi-bi'ru, bi-bi'rine. =Bebeeru, bebeerine. 
bib-i-to'ri us. The rectus intemus oculi muscle; 
from its drawing the eye inward toward the cup 
in drinking. [ < L. hih'ere to drink.] 
bi-bo'ric acid. = Pyroboric acid, f^i-bo'rate. 
Bibron’s antidote (bi-brohz). A former remedy for 
rattlesnake bite, consisting of potassium iodide, 
corrosive sublimate, and bromine in whiskey, 
bib'u-lous. Absorbing moisture, as B. paper, ab¬ 
sorbent paper, filter=paper, or blotting-paper. 
[< L. bib'ulus, fr. bib'ere to drink.] 
bi-car'bo-nate. A carbonate in which only one of 
the two hydrogen atoms of the carbonic acid is 
neutralized by the base; acid carbonate, 
bi-cau'dal, -date. Having two tails. B. muscle, the 
abductor auris muscle, 
bi-cel'lu-lar. Composed of two cells, 
bi-ce-pha'li um. A large tumor on the head, as if 
duplicating it. 

bi-ceph'a-lus. A two-headed monster, 
bi'ceps. Having two heads; bicipital: applied to a 
muscle of the arm, and to one of the thigh. B. 
flex'or bra'chii, cu'biti, or hu'meri, a muscle of the 
arm arising by two heads, a long one from the 
glenoid fossa and a short one from the coracoid 
process of the scapula, both inserted into the tu¬ 
berosity of the radius; musculus biceps hrachii*. 
It flexes and supinates the forearm. B. flex'or 
fem'oris, a muscle of the thigh arising by two 
heads, a long one from the tuberosity of the 
ischium and a short one from the shaft of the 
femur, both inserted into the head of the fibula; 
musculus biceps femoris*. It flexes the leg upon 
the thigh. B. reflex, contractions of the biceps of 
the arm, caused by tapping its tendon. [L.] 
Bichat’s canal (bi-sh 4 z). A small subarachnoidal 
space transmitting the veins of Galen and errone¬ 
ously supposed to open into the third ventricle of 
the brain; arachnoid canal. B.’s fatsball, a fatty 
mass lying back of the buccinator muscle and upon 
the lower maxilla. B.’s fissure, the great trans¬ 
verse fissure which separates the cerebrum from 
the cerebellum. B.’s foramen, the supposed open¬ 
ing of Bichat’s canal. B.’s membrane or tunic, the 
internal coat of blood-vessels, 
bi-chlo'ride. A chloride whose molecule contains 
two chlorine atoms. B. celloidin, a syrupy prepa¬ 
ration of mercuric chloride and celloidin used as 
an occlusive dressing for woimds. B. of mercury 

= HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM*. 

bi-chlo-ru-ret'ted serum. == Charon’s bichloru- 

RETTED SERUM. 

bi-chro'mate. = Dichromate. 

bi-cip'i-tal. i. Belonging to the biceps muscle. 2. 
Two-headed. B. arch, the tendinous arc through 
which the long head of the biceps muscle passes. 
B. artery, the ascending branch of the anterior 
circumflex artery, which runs up the bicipital 
groove to supply the long tendon of the biceps 
and the shoulder-joint. B. eminence = B. tu¬ 
berosity. B. fascia, an expansion of the inner 
side of the tendon of the biceps of the arm which 
joins the deep fascia of the forearm; semilunar 
fascia; lacertus fibrosus*. B. groove, a groove on 
the anterior surface of the humerus, commencing 
between the tuberosities: chiefly occupied by the 
longer tendon of the brachial biceps muscle. B. 
rib, an abnormally shaped rib with a bifid verte¬ 


bral end. B. ridges, two ridges forming the sides 
of the bicipital groove. The anterior descends 
from the greater tuberosity, the posterior from the 
lesser. B. tuberosity, a rough eminence on the 
anterior surface of the radius below the neck, 
receiving the tendon of the biceps muscle, 
bi-cip-i-to'sus. The biceps femoris muscle, 
bi-cla'vate. Double club-shaped, 
bi-con'cave. Having both surfaces concave, as a B. 
lens. 

bi-con'dy-lar. Relating to the two condyles of the 
jaw or of the occipital bone, 
bi-con'vex. Having both surfaces convex, as a B. 
lens. 

bi-cor'nu-ate, bi-cor'nute, or bi-cor'nate uterus. = 

Uterus bicornis. 

bi-cor'po-rate. Having two bodies, as a B. uterus. 
bi-cus'pid, bi-cus'pi-date. Having two points; end 
ing in two sharp points. B. teeth, the premolar 
teeth; the fourth and fifth teeth, counting from 
the centre. B. valve, the mitral valve which 
closes the left auriculoventricular opening of the 
heart; valvula hicuspidalis [mitralisY'". 

Bid'der’s ganglia. The two ganglia of the frog’s 
heart, situated in the auricular groove. 

Bi'dens. A genus of composite-flowered plants. B. 
pinna'ta and B. conna'ta, of North America, and 
B. triparti'ta, of Europe, afford seeds and roots 
which are emmenagogue and are used for acute 
bronchial diseases. [<L. his twicedens tooth.] 
bidet {bi-det' or bi-de). A sitz bath-tub; a vessel 
that is bestridden in the act of bathing the hips 
and nates. [F., “pony.”] 

Bie'brich scarlet. A red diazo protoplasm stain. 
Bieg’s entotic sign. Probable lesion of the malleus 
or incus is indicated when words are audible only 
when spoken through an ear-trumpet, joined by 
a catheter to the eustachian tube, but not when 
spoken in the usual way. 

bi-e-lec-trol'y-sis. Electrolysis of two substances at 
a time. 

bi-en'nial. A plant, as the beet, turnip, etc., which 
grows without flowering and stores up nourish¬ 
ment during the first year, and in the second 
year uses up the stored food in producing flowers 
and seeds, and then dies completely. 

Bier'mer’s anaemia. = Idiopathic anaemia. 
Bier-nack'i’s sign or symptom. Analgesia of the 
ulnar nerve at the elbow: indicative of paretic 
dementia and tabes dorsalis. 

Bier’s passive hyperaemia or stasis. A local condi¬ 
tion of passive hyperemia produced artificially 
for therapeutic purposes, as in joint diseases, 
local infections, etc.; Stauungshyperdmie (Ger.): 
usually produced in one of the limbs by the appli¬ 
cation of a rubber bandage partially obstructing 
the venous circulation and kept in place for sev¬ 
eral hours at a time. ^Local anaesthesia. 
Biette’s arsenical solution (bi-^tz). A solution of 
2 grs. of ammonium arsenate and 2 fl. czs. of dis¬ 
tilled water. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.), 
bi-fa'ci al paralysis. Bilateral facial paralysis, 
bi-fem-o-ro-cal-ca'ne us. = Gastrocnemius. 
bi'fid. Divided into two, cleft in the middle, as B. 

spine, spina bifida; B. tongue; B. uvula. 
bi-fo'cal. Having two foci. B. lens, a lens used 
chiefly in spectacles, having the upper part focused 
for distant vision and the lower for reading: gen¬ 
erally made by cementing the reading lens to the 
lower part of the distance lens, and therefore 
called cement lenses. 

bi-fur-ca'tion. Division into two branches or forks. 


BIGELOVIA VENETA 


122 


BILIOUS 


Bigelo'via vene'ta, B. menzie'si, a North American 
composite plant affording damiana. 

Big'e-low’s ligament. The iliofemoral ligament. 
B.’s method or operation, i. A method of reduc¬ 
ing dislocations of the hip by manipulation. 2. 
A method of applying extension to the thigh with 
that limb at right angles with the body; vertical 
extension. B.’s operation, the operation of litho- 
lapaxy. B.’s septum = calcar femorale. 
bi-gem'i-nal. Double; twin. B. bodies, the por¬ 
tions of the roof of the midsbrain which in many 
types and in the embryo are the homologues of 
the corpora quadrigemina of the adult human 
brain; the optic lobes. B. pulse = pulsus bigem- 
in us. tbi“gem'i-num, one of the corpora bi- 
gemina or optic lobes of the brain, 
big'shead, big'sknee, big'sleg. Indefinite terms ap¬ 
plied to various lesions in veterinary practice, 
bi-glan'du-lar. Having two glands, 
bi-gle'noid diameter. The straight line between the 
centres of the two glenoid cavities. 

Bigno'nia. A genus of bignoniaceous plants, as B. 

antisyphilit'ica, and B. ophthal'mica. 
bi-go'ni ac diameter. The line joining the gonions. 
bi-ju'gal diameter. =Bimalar diameter. 
bi-ju'gu-lar diameter. The straight line joining the 
two jugular points. 

bikh. The native name for Nepal aconite, the root 
of Aconi'tum fe'rox. 

bi'labe. An instrument for extracting foreign bodies 
from the bladder through the urethra, 
bi-lat'e-ral. i. Having two sides, one of which is a 
duplicate of the other. 2. Relating to both sides. 
B. hermaphroditism, hermaphroditism in which 
there are a testicle and an ovary on each side. B. 
lithotomy, ^ lithotomy. B. paralysis, paralysis 
affecting both sides of the body. B. strabismus, 
t®-STRABISMUS. B. Symmetry, symmetry with 
respect to the median plane, fbi-lat'e-ral-ism. 
bil'ber-ry. r®-V accinium. 

bile. The green to reddishsyellow, bitter, viscid, 
alkaline fluid, formed by the liver to the amount 
of several hundred Cc. daily, partly stored in the 
gallbladder, and discharged into the duodenum 
partly as an excretion and partly as a secretion 
which is reabsorbed; gall. It is a saline and 
mucinous solution (sp. gr. about 1030) whose 
chief constitu¬ 
ents are the 
BILEsSALTS, 
which are re* 
absorbed and 
used over again; 
and the bile* 

PIGMENTS, de¬ 
rived from waste 
blood 5 pigment, 
which, together 
with CHOLESTE- 
RIN, are excret¬ 
ed. It acts chief- Transverse section of large 
ly by aiding the bile-duct from human liver. 

saponification of co«.“"c."lur?ouSg 

fats, and by ac- areolar tissue, 
celerating the 

absorption of the saponification sproducts and thus 
diminishing intestinal putrefaction, Fel bo- 
vis*. B.sacids, the monobasic glycocholic and 
TAUROCHOLic ACIDS. B. canaliculi or capillaries = 
BILIARY CANALicuLi. B.scyst, the gallbladder. B.s 
duct = DUCTUS COMMUNIS CHOLEDOCHUS. B.s 
ducts, canals of the liver draining the bile canaliculi 


and emptying into the hepatic duct. B.sfat = 
CHOLESTERiN. B.spigments, bilirubin and bili- 
verdin: also similar substances in galDstones, as 
bilicyanin, bilifuscin, and bilihumin. la^BiLi- 
prasin; bilipurpurin; choletelin; cholohem- 
atin; hydrobilirubin. B.ssalts, sodium glyco- 
cholate, C26H42N06Na, and sodium taurocholate, 
CjeH^^NSO-Na. B.sstone = biliary calculus. 

Bilhar'zia. = Schistosoma. Distoma, t^il- 
har-zi'a-sis, bil-har-zi-o'sis, venal distomatosis 
produced by Schistosoma haematobium. 

bil'i-. Pertaining to bile: a combining form. [<L. 
bi'lis bile.] bil-i-cy'a-nin, a blue oxidation prod¬ 
uct of bilirubin; cholecyanin found in galDstones. 
— bi-lif'e-rous, producing bile.— bil-i-fla'vin, a 
yellow pigment derivable from biliverdin.— bil-i- 
ful'vin = bilirubin. —bil-i-fus'cin, an amorphous 
brown pigment found in galDstones.— bil-i-hu'- 
min, an amorphous brown pigment from gall* 
stones.— bil-i-neu'rine == choline. — bil-i-phae'in, 
bil-i-phe'in = bilirubin. — bil-i-pra'sin, a green 
pigment from galDstones, perhaps a mixture of 
bilirubin and biliverdin: some consider it a dis¬ 
tinct intermediate compound.— bil-i-pur'pu-rin, 
bil-i-pur'pin, a purple pigment from bile.— bil-i- 
pyr'rhin = bilirubin. — bil-i-ru'bin, the reddish 
yellow or reddish brown pigment, ^ 32 ^ 36 ^ 4 ^ 6 ' 
the bile of all vertebrates, especially carnivora: 
identical with the hcematoidin of decomposed blood, 
isr Ehrlich’s reagent. — bil-i-ver'din, a green 
oxidation product, C32H3gN408, of bilirubin, often 
present normally in bile. 

bil'i-a-ry. Belonging to the bile. B. acids — bile 
ACIDS. B. artery, part of the cystic artery spread¬ 
ing out between the gallsbladder and the liver. 
B. calculus, a galDstone; a variety of calculus 
usually foimd in the gallbladder, when it is termed 
a cystic calculus; sometimes it occurs in the sub¬ 
stance of the liver, in which case it is called an hepa¬ 
tic calculus. It generally consists of bile pigments 
and cholesterin. B. canaliculi, the minute chan¬ 
nels between the liver*cells, which carry the bile 
to the larger interlobular bile ducts; pori biliarii; 
tubuli biliferi; bile capillaries. B. cirrhosis, cir¬ 
rhosis from obstruction of the bile^ducts. B. colic 
= HEPATIC COLIC. B. digestion, that part of di¬ 
gestion due to biliary action. B. ducts, i. The 
interlobular canals within the capsule of Glis- 
son, conveying the secretion of the liver. 2. The 
cystic duct, the hepatic duct, and the ductus 
commtmis choledochus. B. fistula, a fistula com- 
mimicating with any of the biliary passages and 
discharging bile. B. plexus, a plexus of bile ducts 
sometimes described in the liver. B. resin, a 
resinous substance obtained by distilling bile. 
B. tumor, a tumor formed by hypertrophy of the 
gallsbladder. ti>ii“i-a'tion, excretion of bile, bil- 
i-fi-ca'tion, formation of bile. 

bil' ic acid. A crystalline derivative of cholic acid, 
CigHgaOg. t^i'late. 

bil'in. A gummy, pale*yellow mass, considered to b« 
the principal constituent of the bile. It is a mix¬ 
ture of sodium taurocholate and glycocholate. 

bil'ious. I. Having much bile, full of bile, or re¬ 
lating to the bile. 2. Suffering from biliousness. 
B. cholera = CHOLERA biliosa. B. fever, a name 
loosely applied, sometimes to enteric fever, often 
to various forms of malarial fever combined with 
disturbance of the liver. B. flux = hepatic flux. 
B. malignant tertian ague =blackwater fever. 
B. pleurisy, B. pneumonia, pneumonia attended 
with pleurisy and hepatic and gastric disorders* 







BILIS BOVINUM 


123 


BIPARIETAL DIAMETER 


B. remittent fever = remittent fever. B. tem¬ 
perament, ts- TEMPERAMENT. B. typhoid, B. 
FEVER. B. vertigo, vertigo due to autosintoxica- 
tion from torpidity of the liver. B. vomit, vomit 
stained by bile regurgitated into the stomach, 
tbil'ious-ness, a condition marked by constipa¬ 
tion, indigestion, loss of appetite, and headache, 
formerly believed to be due to excess of bile, 
bi'lis bovi'num. Ox^gall. c^Bile; fel bovis*. 
Bill'roth’s disease. A term applied to spurious 
meningocele and to malignant lymphoma, 
bi-lo'bate, bi'lobed, bi-lob'u-lar. Having two*lobes. 
B. placenta = PLACENTA duplex. B. uterus = 

UTERUS BICORNIS. 

bi-loc'u-lar. Having two cells or compartments. 
B. bladder, a sacculated bladder divided into two 
compartments. B. heart = cor biloculare. B. 
hydrocele = Dupuytren’s hydrocele. 
bi-ma'lar diameter. The straight line joining the 
malar points. 

bi-man'u al. Performed with or relating to both 
hands. B. palpation, examination of the pel¬ 
vic organs by placing one hand on the abdo¬ 
men and the fingers of the other within the 
vagin-a. B. version = bipolar version. 
bi-mas'toid diameter. The straight line between the 
apices of the temporal mastoid processes, 
bi-max'il-la-ry. Relating to the two opposite sides 
of the maxilla. 

bi-mec'o-nate. A salt of meconic acid in which 
only one of the two acidic hydrogen atoms is re¬ 
placed by the base, 
bin-. =Bi-. 

bi'na-ry. Consisting of two, as two elements, two 
measures, etc. B. compound, a chemical com¬ 
pound formed by the union of two elements. B. 
theory, the theory that a salt is made up of two 
constituents, an acid and a basic, 
bin-au'ral, bin-au-ric'u-iar. Pertaining to both ears 
or to both auricular points. B. arc, the arc across 
the skull from one auricular point to the other. 
B. diameter, the diameter connecting the two 
auricular points. B. reflex = Gelle’s binaur.\l 
REFLEX. B. stethoscope, stethoscope. 
bind'er. A broad abdominal girdle worn after child¬ 
birth; obstetric binder, Mammary binder; 
Rose’s belt. 

bind'ing posts. Metallic posts on an electrical ap¬ 
paratus for attaching the conducting wires. 
Bind'sched-ler’s green. A green basic stain, 
bind'web. = Neuroglia. 

Bi-nel'li’s styptic or water. = Aqua binelli. 
bin-i'o-dide. An iodide whose molecule contains 
two iodine atoms. B. of mercury = hydrargyri 

lODIDUM RUBRUM*. 

bin-oc'u-lar. Pertaining to both eyes, or adapted to 
the use of both eyes. B. diplopia, diplopia. 
B. microscope, a microscope with a double body 
and two eyespieces. B. parallax, the angle of 
convergence of the visual axes. B. vision, vision 
with both eyes, f^in-oc'u-lus, a bandage for 
maintaining dressings on both eyes, 
bin-ot'ic. = Binaural. 
bin-ox'a-late. An acid oxalate, 
bin-ox'ide. = Dioxide. 

bi-nu'cle ar, bi-nu'cle ate. Having two nuclei, 
bi'o-. Denoting life: a combining form. [<^iog 
life.] bi'o-blast, a cell in the formative stage.— 
bi-o-chem'is-try, the chemistry of living things.— 
bi*o-dy-nam'ics, the doctrine of vital forces. — bi'o- 
gen. I. = Bioplasm. 2. = Hopogan. 3. Living 
proteins. — bi-o-gen'e-sis, the genesis of life from 


living beings: the opposite of abiogenesis.— bi*o- 
ki-net'ics, the science of the changes of develop¬ 
ing organisms.— bi-ol'o-gy, the science of life and 
of living organisms: that department of natural 
science which treats of organized beings under 
their diverse relations, their organic structure, 
life, growth, action, and reproduction: abbr. 
hioL tbi-o-log'i-cal, as B. blood^test, a method 
of testing blood by adding to its serum or extract 
the serum of an animal immunized with blood of 
a given species; Bordet’s test; Uhlenhuth’s test: 
if the blood tested is of this species a precipitate 
is proQuced. cs* Lactoserum; precipitin, bi- 
ol'o-gist, a student of biology.— bi-ol'y-sis, the de¬ 
struction of life, fbi-o-lyt'ic, destroying or im¬ 
pairing life: applied to agents of a deleterious 
quality, as the more powerful acids, narcotics, etc. 
— bi-om'e-try, the art or process of computing 
the probable duration of life.— bi'on, in biology, a 
physiological individual possessing definite inde¬ 
pendent functions.— bi-on'o-my, the science of life 
and its laws.— bi'o-nose, an affection caused by 
animal agents, as malaria.— bi-oph'a-gism, the 
capacity of absorbing living matter or living 
bodies, as micro-organisms.— bi’o-phe-nom-e-nol'- 
o-gy, the science of the phenomena of life; physi¬ 
ology. — bi'o-phore, a primary constituent of 
germ-plasm; one of the smallest units exhibiting 
the primary vital forces.— bi'o-plasm. i. The 
germinal matter of which living tissue is formed. 
A white blood-corpuscle, for example, is a particle 
of bioplasm. 2. In a restricted technical sense, 
the living and vital part of protoplasm, as con¬ 
trasted with the less active, inert portion called 
paraplasm. — bi'o-plas-son = bioplasm, def. 2. B. 
spaces, the parts which are not stained when 
connective tissue is treated with silver nitrate: 
supposed to be unstained bioplasson or cavities 
containing it.— bi'o-plast, a living cell; a mass or 
particle of bioplasm.— bi-o-roent-gen-tog'ra-phy, 
moving pictures of the internal parts taken by 
the X-rays.— bi-os'co-py. i. The examination of 
a body or foetus to judge whether life is extinct or 
not. 2. = Medical jurisprudence. — bi'o-son, a 
preparation said to consist of casein, iron, and 
lecithin. — bi-o-tax'is, bi'o-tax-y. i. The selective 
and arranging power of a living cell. 2. The 
systematic classification of organisms.— bi-ot'ics. 
I. The qualities and functions peculiar to living 
organisms. 2 The science of these qualities.— 
bi-ot'o-my, vivisection. 

Bi-on'di’s stain. Biondi’s modification of Ehrlich’s 
original triple stain. It is a mixture (in the order 
given) of carefully saturated aqueous solutions of 
the following stains: 10 Cc. of orange G, 2 Cc. of 
acid fuchsin, and 5 Cc. of methyl green. 

bi-or'bi-tal. Pertaining to both orbits. B. angle, 
the angle between the lines of sight of the two 
eyes. B. plane, the plane passed through the axes 
of the two orbits. 

bi'ose. = Disaccharide. 

Biot’s respiration (bi-6z). i. The regular, unvary¬ 
ing respiration of normal sleep. 2. A modifica¬ 
tion of Cheyne-Stokes respiration, in which 
apnoea and hyperpnoea alternate without the 
gradual increase and diminution in rate and 
depth of respiration which intervene between the 
periods of apncea in Cheyne-Stokes phenomenon 

bi-pa-lat'i-noid. A gelatin capsule partitioned into 
two compartments. 

bi-pa-ri'e-t^ diameter. The straight line joining the 
two parietal eminences. 


BIPED 


124 


BISMUTHI 


bi'ped. An animal with two feet, as man, birds, etc. 
bi-pen'ni-form,bi-pen'nate. Doubly feather*shaped; 
said of muscles whose fibres are inserted on each 
side of a tendon, like the barbs on the shaft of a 
feather. 

bi-per'fo-rate. Having two perforations, 
bi-pin'nate. Having pinnae pinnately subdivided, 
as of certain leaves. 

bi-po'lar. i. Having two poles or processes, as cer¬ 
tain nerve scells. 2. Relating to both poles. B. 
rays, rays extending from one point of divergence 
to another, as seen in a cell undergoing karyoki- 
nesis. B. rete, ^rete mirabile*. B. taxis, m- 
TAXis. B. version, version in which one hand acts 
on the exterior of the abdomen, the other directly 
on the child through the vagina: a combination 
of external and internal version, 
bi-pu-bi-ot'o-my. = Ischiopubiotomy. 
birch. Any tree of the genus Bet'ula, a genus of 
betulaceous trees, natives of the United States, 
Europe, etc. The white birch {Bet'ula al'ha) is a 
small tree, with a smooth white bark, indigenous 
in the eastern United States and in Europe. Its 
leaves have been used as an antiseptic and deter¬ 
gent, and its juice in urinary diseases. An oil 
from the bark is used as a local application in 
skin diseases. B. len'ta, the sweet birch, or black 
birch, furnishes an aromatic oil resembling oil of 
wintergreen. Oleum betul^*. B. camphor 
= BETULiN. B. wine, a liquor made by ferment¬ 
ing the sap of the birchstree. It is diuretic and 
antiscorbutic. 

Bird’s formula. The last two figures of the specific 
gravity of urine, which nearly represent the num¬ 
ber of grains of solids to the ounce of urine, t®" 
Trapp’s formula. B.’s sign, a welUdefined zone 
of dulness with absence of respiratory sounds is 
indicative of a hydatid eyst of the lungs. B.’s treat¬ 
ment, the use of the galvanic current in bed=sores. 
bird’ssnest bodies. An arrangement of the cells of 
epithelial cancer resembling a bird’s nest, 
bi-re-frac'tive, bi-re-frig'e-rant. Doubly refractive. 
Bir'kett’s hernia. Hernia of the synovial mem¬ 
brane of a joint through a laceration of the cap¬ 
sular ligament. 

bi-ro'ta-to-ry. Causing a double rotation of the 
plane of polarization, as of a solution of aspartic 
acid, which is dextrorotatory or laevorotatory ac¬ 
cording to its temperature; or of a freshly made 
cold solution of glucose, which shows a degree of 
rotation .diminishing on standing. An original 
rotation which increases on standing is sometimes 
called half==rotation. tl^i“ro-ta'tion. 

Biroth’s method or process (bi'rotz). == Insucation. 
birth. I. The act of coming into life; the delivery 
of a child. 2. That which is born. B.smark = 
N^vus MATERNUs. B.spalsy, B.sparalysis, a pa¬ 
ralysis due to some injury received during birth. 
B.srate, the ratio of the number of births in a 
given time to the number of the population. B.s 
root, a name for various species of Tril'lium, herbs 
reputed to be useful in and after parturition, 
bis-a-cro'mi al diameter. The straight line between 
the acromial processes. 

bi'salt. A salt consisting of one basic and two acid 
radicals. 

bis-ax'il-la-ry cravat. A form of cravat for the 
shoulder. (See illustration in next column.) 
Bis'ca-ra or Bis'era button. = Oriental sore. 
bis'euit-ing. The subjecting of block teeth to a 
bright red heat in the muffie of a furnace in 
order to harden them to receive the enamel. 


bi-sec'tion. Cutting in two, as of a foetus. 

bi-sex'ual. Of both sexes; hermaphrodite. B. 
hermaphroditism, hermaphroditism in which some 
of the organs of 
both sexes are pres¬ 
ent ; true herma¬ 
phroditism. 

bisfe'riens. “ Strik¬ 
ing twice,” as PUL¬ 
SUS BISFERIENS. 

bish'op drops. =Car- 

DINAL DROPS. 

bis-iTi ac diameter. 

The straight line 
between the two 
most distant points 
of the two iliac 
crests. 

bis-is-chi-at'ic diam¬ 
eter. The straight 
line connecting any 
two corresponding points on the ischia. 

Bis'marck brown. A brown dye consisting essen¬ 
tially of an amido^azobenzene base; vesuvin: used 
as a nuclear stain and as a counterstain after 
Gram’s method. 

bis'muth. A reddish ■white metal, found native or 
as a sulphide: sp.gr., 9.8; at. wt., 206.9, symbol, 
Bi. It forms normal salts with the formula Bi- 
O3R3, which are changed in neutral solutions to 
the corresponding insoluble basic salts, BiOR. 
Bismuth is employed in X=ray examinations, as 
for fistulous tracts, and while being so used, its 
excellent therapeutic effects were discovered. 
Beck’s paste consists of one part of bismuth sub¬ 
nitrate and two parts of sterile white or yellow 
vaseline. B. albuminate, a compound of bismuth 
and eggsalbumin: used in colic. B. and ammo¬ 
nium citrate = bismuthi et ammonii citras*. B. 
benzoate, a salt used like bismuth salicylate. B. 
betanaphthol= ORPHOL. B. bitannate, a light 
yellow powder used in acute and chronic intestinal 
catarrhs; tannismut. B. carbonate = bismuthi 
subcarbonas*. B.scerium salicylate, a reddish^ 
white salt used in diarrhoea. Dose, 0.3 Gm. 
(5 grs.). B. citrate = BISMUTHI CITRAS.* B. disal¬ 
icylate = GASTROSAN. B. dithiosalicylate = thio- 
FORM. B. nitrosalicylate, a salt used as a cardiac 
stimulant. B. oleate, a compound used in skin 
diseases. B. oxide, a light brown powder, BigOg-, 
bismuthi oxidum (B. P.). B. Oxyiodide, a local 
antiseptic used in certain gastric affections. B. 
subcarbonate = bismuthi subcarbonas*. B. sub- 
gallate = BISMUTHI subgallas*. B. subnitrate = 
BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS*. B. SUbsalicylate = BIS¬ 
MUTHI SUBSALICYLAS*. B. tribromophenol = XER- 
OFORM. B. valerianate, Bi(C5H902)3, used in neu¬ 
ralgia and gastrodynia. Dose, 0.03 to 0.13 Gm. 
(i to 2 grs.). B. white = BISMUTHI subnitras*. 

bismu'thi. The genitive of L. bismu'thum, bismuth. 
B. ci'tras*, bismuth citrate, a white, amorphous 
powder, BiCgHgO^, yielding not less than 58% 
nor more than 60% of pure bismuth oxide. It is 
permanent in the air, odorless and tasteless, in¬ 
soluble in water or alcohol, but soluble in am¬ 
monia water. Dose, 0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). ^Bis- 
MUTHi ET AMMONII CITRAS*. B. et ammo'nii ci'¬ 
tras*, bismuth and ammonium citrate, small 
pearly scales produced by dissolving bismuth 
citrate in ammonia water, evaporating the solu¬ 
tion, and drying it upon glass plates. It is 
astringent, and is used in irritation of the gastro- 



Bisaxillary Cravat. 



PISMUTHIC ACID 


125 


BIURET 


intestinal mucous membrane. Dose, 0.125 Gm. 
(2 grs.). B. ox'idum (B.P.) = bismuth oxide. 
B. subcarbo'nas*, bismuth subcarbonate, a white 
or pale yellowishswhite powder, yielding not less 
than 90% of pure bismuth oxide. It is per¬ 
manent in the air, odorless and tasteless, and in¬ 
soluble in water or alcohol. It is therapeutically 
equivalent to subnitrate. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ 
grs.). B. subgal'las*, bismuth subgallate, an 
amorphous, bright yellow powder, somewhat 
variable in composition, but yielding not less than 
52% nor more than 57% of pure bismuth oxide; 
dermatol: used chiefly as a dusting powder, some¬ 
times internally. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). B. 
subni'tras*, bismuth subnitrate, a heavy, insolu¬ 
ble, white powder of somewhat varying chemical 
composition but yielding not less than 80% of 
pure bismuth oxide; white bismuth; magistery of 
bismuth; the form in which bismuth is most 
commonly employed medicinally. It is used in 
inflamed gastric or intestinal conditions, where it 
acts protectively by spreading over the mucous 
membrane; also as a dusting powder. Dose, 0.5 
Gm. (7^ grs.). B. subsalicy'las*, bismuth sub¬ 
salicylate, a white, or nearly white, amorphous or 
crystalline powder, yielding not less than 62% 
nor more than 64% of pure bismuth oxide: used 
like the subnitrate. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). 
bis-mu'thic acid. An acid, HBiOg, forming salts 
called bis'mu-thates. 

bis'mu-those, -tose. Bismuth albuminate; it con¬ 
tains 21% of the metal. 

bis-mu-tho'sis. A state in which it is alleged that 
bismuth is absorbed into the circulation and de¬ 
posited in the gums. 

bismu'thum, gen. -thi. = Bismuth. B. al'bum = 

BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS*. 

bis'mu-thyl. The radical -BiO. 
bi'sol. A soluble phosphate of bismuth: equivalent 
to onesfifth of its weight in bismuth oxide. 
Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 
bis'sa. An Egyptian form of dropsy, 
bi-ste-phan'ic diameter. The straight line joining 
the stephanions; the maximum frontal diameter, 
bistor'tae ra'dix, bis'tort. The root of Polyg'onum 
bistor'ta, great bistort or snake^weed, used as a 
mild astringent. 

bis'tour-nage. A veterinary method of castration, 
performed by twisting the testicles round the 
cord in order to produce atrophy and yet pre¬ 
serve the scrotum intact. [ F.] 
bis'tou-ry. A small knife for surgical purposes: 
either straight, curved, or probe>pointed. [< F. 
bistouri, fr. Pistorium, a town in Italy where it 
was manufactured.] f^stouri cach6 (bts-tfl-ri 
ca-she), a bistoury the blade of which is con¬ 
tained in a sheath and comes out with force on 
touching a spring. [ F., “ hidden bistoury.”] 
bis'tro-chan-ter'ic (bi*tro-chan-ter'ic) diameter. The 
straight line between the highest points of the 
two major trochanters. 

bi-sul'phate. A sulphate in which only one hydro¬ 
gen atom is replaced by the base; acid sulphate, 
bi-sul'phide. A sulphide whose molecule contains 
two sulphur atoms. 

bi-sul'phite. A sulphite in which only one hydrogen 
atom is replaced by the base; acid sulphite, 
bi-tar'trate. A tartrate in which only one replace¬ 
able hydrogen atom is neutralized; acid tartrate, 
bite. A plastic mass used in dentistry for taking 
an impression of tho tooth, as in making artificial 
dentures. 


bi-tem'po-ral diameter. The straight line between 
the two extremities of the coronal suture, 
bi-ter'nate. In botany, doubly ternate. 
bit-no'ben. An Oriental panacea, usually consisting 
of salt, iron, and 
a vegetable astrin¬ 
gent. 

bit'ter. i. Having a 
characteristic dis¬ 
agreeable taste; as 
most of the alkaloids, 
certain salts, and 
many crude vegeta¬ 
ble drugs. 2. One 
of the four soscalled 
elementary tastes {sweet, sour, salt, and bitter. 
some psychologists add alkaline and metallic), 
of which the less simple ones are supposed 
to be compounded; generally best perceived at 
the root of the tongue. Among the rare halluci¬ 
nations of taste, that of a bitter taste is the 
commonest. 3. Any stomachic having a bitter 
taste. IS" Bitters. B. almond = amygdala 
AMARA*. B. almond oil = oleum amygdala 
AMAR/E*. B. almond water = aqua amygdala 
AMARvE*. B. apple = coLocYNTHis*. B. balls, 
FRITTERING. B. blain = VaNDELLI A DIFFUSA. 
B. candytuft = Iberis amara B. cucumber = 
coLocYNTHis*. B. drop, compound tincture of 
ignatia. B. elixir, a stomachic of the Ger. P., 
containing absinthe, cassia, centaurium, gentian, 
cardamom, cloves, galanga, ginger, orange berries, 
bitter orange peel, peppermint, and zedoary. B. 
gourd = COLOCYNTHIS*. B. orange = AURANTii 
FRucTus. B. orange peel = aurantii amari 
CORTEX*. B. root. I. =Gentiana*. 2. The 
root of Apoc'ynum androscemifo'lium: similar to 
APOCYNUM*. 3. The root of Lewis'ia redivi'va, a 
portulacaceous herb. B. salt, magnesium sul¬ 
phate. B. tincture, a stomachic of the Ger. P., 
containing centaurium, gentian, orange berries, 
bitter orange peel, and zedoary. B. wine of iron 

= VINUM FERRI AMARUM*. 

bit'te-rin. =Quassin. 

bit'ter-ing. A preparation for adulterating beer, 
composed of cocculus indicus, liquorice, tobacco, 
quassia, and copperas: corruptly called bit'tern. 
A similar preparation is sold under the name of 
bitter balls. 

bit'tern. i. f Bittering. 2. The residue of sea= 
water: it is a source of bromine. 
bit'ters. i. Medicinal substances expressing their 
quality as particularly perceptible to the taste. 
They are distinguished into aromatic, pure, and 
styptic bitters. 2. Various alcoholic medicines 
and drinks of bitter taste, often employed as 
tonics or alteratives or as appetizing drinks, 
bit'ter-sweet. = Dulcamara. False b. =Celas- 

TRUS SCANDENS. 

bi-tu'men. A name for certain inflammable mineral 
substances of different consistencies, as asphalt, 
naphtha, and petroleum. B. barbaden'se = 
PETROLEUM BARBADENSE. [As if pittumen, fr. 
Trirra pitch.] 

bi-u'rate. A urate in which only one of the two 
acidic hydrogen atoms is replaced by the base. 
Sodium b., the form in which uric acid is de¬ 
posited in the tissues in gout, 
bi'u-ret. A substance, NHg-CO-NH-CO-NHg, form¬ 
ing an integral part of the proteid molecule, and 
closely related to urea; allophanamide. B. test 
or reaction, treatment of a solution with sodium 



BIVALENT 


126 


BLANCsMANGE 


hydroxide and dilute copper sulphate solution: a 
rose^red color is given by biuret and by proteoses 
and peptones; the more complex proteids give a 
purple or blue color. A like reaction is given by 
many other substances having an NHg-CO- group, 
biv^a-lent. Having a valence or atomicity of two. 
fbiv'a-lence. 

bi'valve speculum. A speculum having two valves 
or blades. 

bi-ven'ter. Having two bellies: applied to certain 
muscles. B. cervi'cis, that portion of the complex- 
us muscle which has its origin in the transverse 
processes of several dorsal vertebrae and is inserted 
into the occipital bone. B. mandib'ulae, the digas¬ 
tric muscle. B. maxil'lae, the digastric muscle, 
bi'ven-tral. Having two bellies; digastric. B. lobe, 
a projection upon the inferior surface of the cere¬ 
bellum between the amygdala and the central 
lobe; cuneiform lobe; digastric lobe. 

Bix'a orella'na. A small flacourtiaceous tree, the 
seeds of which yield annotto. fhix'in, an orange* 
red coloring*matter, Cj5Hjg04, from annotto. 
bi-zy-go-mat'ic diameter. The line between the most 
prominent points of the zygomatic arches. 
Biz-zo-ze'ro’s bloodsplacques, splates, or splatelets. 
= Bloodsplatelets. B.’s corpuscles, lymphoid 
cells occurring in the spleen and the bone*marrow 
and said to become red blood*corpuscles. 
bla'cia. Lassitude; feebleness; exhaustion, 
black. Reflecting no light; of the darkest color. B. 
alder = PRiNos verticillatus. B. antimony, an¬ 
timony sulphide. B. birch, BIRCH. B.sboy resin, 
Xanthorrhcea. B. bryony, i. == Bryonia. 
2.=Tamus communis. B. cancer =:melanocar- 
ciNOMA. B. cataract, cataract in which the 
opacity is darkscolored. B. cohosh = Cimicifuga 
RACEMOSA. B. death, the name given in Germany 
and in the north of Europe to an Oriental plague 
which occurred in the fourteenth century, 
characterized by inflammatory boils and black 
spots on the skin, indicating putrid decomposi¬ 
tion. B. degeneration, i. = Anthracosis. 2. 
= Melanosis. B. draught = infusum senn.® 
COMPOSITUM*. B. drop = ACETUM oPii*. B. eye, 
traumatic ecchymosis of the eyelid. B. flux, a 
mixture of charcoal and potassium carbonate, 
obtained by deflagrating tartar with half its 
weight of nitre. B. haw = Viburnum pruni- 
FOLiuM*. B.shead. i. —Comedo. 2. A proto¬ 
zoan enterohepatitis in turkeys: contracted from 
the droppings of chickens. B. hellebore = Hel- 
LEBORUS NIGER. B. horehound = BALLOTA NI¬ 
GRA. B. induration, a hardened state of the 
lungs, seen in interstitial pneumonia, in which 
the lungs are of a black color from the presence 
of foreign matter. B. jaundice, jaundice. B. 
lead = GRAPHITE. B. leg. i. = Quarter*evil. 
2. Purpura of the leg among lumber*men. B. 
lotion = LOTio NIGRA. B. mask of face, sebor- 
rhcea nigricans. B. measles, a severe form of 
measles, marked by a dark eruption. B. mustard 
= siNAPis NIGRA*. B. oxide of manganese = 
mangani dioxidum. B. pepper = piper*. B. 
phthisis = ANTHRACOSIS. B. pock, black small* 
pox. B. resin = Pix. B. sickness == kalasazar. 
B. smallpox, any virulent form of smallpox. B. 
snakesroot. i. = Cimicifuga*. 2. =Sanicula 
MARILANDICA. B. teeth == ChIAIE’s TEETH. B.s 
thorn = Prunus SPINOSA. B. tongue, i. A condi¬ 
tion in which the upper surface of the tongue is 
covered with a black coating, due to the presence 
of a parasitic fungus, to the use of hydrogen per¬ 


oxide as a mouth*wash, etc.; glossophytia. 2. A 
symptom of anthrax in animals, the tongue being 
marked by blood*extravasations and dark vesi¬ 
cles. 3. A malignant form of erysipelas. B. tu¬ 
bercle = melanosis. B. urine, urine containing 
black pigment. B. variola = B. smallpox. B. 
vomit, the vomiting, in certain fevers, of a dark* 
colored fluid resembling coffee*grounds, and con¬ 
sisting chiefly of altered blood. It is one of the 
most fatal symptoms attending yellow fever. B. 
walnut, t®-JUGLANS. B. wash = LOTIO NIGRA. B. 
willow = Salix nigra. 

black'ber-ry. The popular name of the fruit of 
Ru'bus villo'sus and other species of Ru'bus. 
The bark of the root is a valuable astringent, 
Rubus. B. cordial = cordiale rubi fructus. 
black'water fever. Malarial haemoglobinuria from 
the destruction of red blood*corpuscles, produced 
under certain conditions by quinine, or other 
drugs, or from exertion or exposure to cold: com¬ 
monly in white persons who have become cachec¬ 
tic from frequent malarial attacks, and usually 
associated with fever and vomiting, and enlarge¬ 
ment of the liver and spleen. The malarial para¬ 
sites disappear from the blood at the beginning of 
the attack, and the disease was formerly believed 
fo be independent of malaria. i^Kala*azar; 
Texas fever. 

blad'der. i. The urinary bladder, a thin, distensi¬ 
ble sac with membranous and muscular walls, 
situated in the an¬ 
terior part of the 
pelvic cavity and 
acting as a reser¬ 
voir for the urine 
secreted by the kid¬ 
neys; vesica"^. 2. 

Any hollow mem¬ 
branous sac. B. fu- 
CUS = FUCUS VES- 
icuLosus. B. joint, 
in pharmacy, the 
joining of two 
pieces of glass tub¬ 
ing by a strip of 
hog’s bladder wrap¬ 
ped around them. 

B.sworm, hy¬ 

datid; CYSTICER- 
cus. B.swrack = 

FuCUS VESICULO- 
sus. fblad'der-y, 
as B. pem¬ 

phigus. 

blade. One of the 
arms of an obstet¬ 
rical or other for¬ 
ceps, especially the 
distal part of such an arm. B.5bone = scapula. 
blae'si -tas. Stuttering or stammering; anarthria lit- 
eralis; also, lisping. Some writers understand by 
it the substitution of vocalized consonants for 
mutes, as d for t, b for p, etc. i^Psellism. [L.] 
blae-so'sis. Deformity following paralysis. [Gr.] 
blain. A pustule, blotch, or sore, i®* Chilblain. 
Blainville’s ear (blah-vilz). Congenital deformity in 
which the ears are unlike in size or shape. 

Blake’s disk. A paper disk for pasting over the 
tympanum after operation for otitis media. 
Blan-card’s pills. = Pilul.® ferri iodidi*. 
blancsmange (blan-mdnzh). An easily diges ted milk* 
food made with gelatinous or starchy substances. 



9 


Posterior View of Fundus 
of Bladder. — i. Peritone¬ 
um extending as far down as 
the transverse line. 2. Ure¬ 
ters. 3 . Deferent canals. 4. 
Seminal vesicle of the left 
side. 5 . Right seminal vesi¬ 
cle dissected so as to show its 
tubular character. 6. Duct 
of the seminal vesicle joining 
the deferent canal to form the 
ejaculatory duct(7). 8. Pros¬ 
tate. 9. Membranous portion 
of the urethra. (Leidy.) 






BLAND 


127 


BLENN- 


bland. Mild; soothing. [<L. hlan'dus agreeable.] 
Blandin, glands of (blafi-dafi). ==Nuhn’s glands. 
blank test. A control test to determine that the 
reagents used in the test do not contain the sub¬ 
stance sought for. Marsh’s test. 
blank'et bath. A wet pack administered while the 
patient is wrapped in blankets, 
blanquefort (blahc-f( 5 r). A red French wine, 
blast. I. =Exostospore. 2. A disease of sheep. 

3- = Blight, def. 2. 4. Used as a suffix, 

blas-te-las'ma. Any germdayer later than the 
entoderm and the ectoderm; a secondary germ* 
layer. [< ( 3 Xd(jr?jjLia short+fAacr/fa plate.] 
blas-te'ma. i. The rudimentary mass of an organ 
in the process of formation; embryonic tissue. 

Osteogenic layer. 2. An undifferentiated 
protoplasmic layer found in certain embryos and 
ova. [ < piaordveLv to germinate.] f^l^s-te'mal, 
blas-te-mat'ic, blas-tem'ic. 
blas'tide. The earliest indication of the cytoblast, 
or nucleus, in the segmentation of the ovum, 
blas-tid'i um, pi. -dia. A cell which takes its origin 
as a secondary growth within another cell; prop¬ 
erly, such a cell during its early and undeveloped 
stage. [ Dim. of (SAaardg germ.] 
blas'to-. Denoting a germ: a combining form. [< 
^Aaardg germ.] blas-to-car'di a, -ce'lis, the .ger¬ 
minal spot.— blas'tq-chyle, the fluid contained in 
the blastosphere.— blas'to-coele, blas'to-cele, blas- 
to-coe-lo'ma, the cavity of a blastula or vesicular 
morula. f^l^s-to-coe'lic, as B. -fluid —b'lksto- 
CHYLE. — blas'to-cyst, blas-to-cys'tinx, the ger¬ 
minal vesicle.— blas'to-derm, the germinal mem¬ 
brane or thin membrane lining the zona pellucida 
of the impregnated ovum; germ mbmbrane. It 
is formed by the cells or blastomeres which result 
from the segmentation of the ovum and have 
been pressed from the centre by the accumula¬ 
tion of the blastochyle. It is composed of three 
layers; the epiblast {ectoderm), the hypoblast 
{endoderm or entoderm), and the mesoblast. The 
blastoderm forms a hollow sphere, the blastoder¬ 
mic vesicle, which appears solid from the surface 
and constitutes the morula, fblas-to-der'mal, 
-der'mic, as B. cell = blastomere: B. layers, 
primary, the germinal layers developed by the 
differentiation of the blastoderm, comprising at 
first the ectoderm or epiblast and the entoderm 
or,ffi5T’oblast, and later the mesoderm or meso- 
^'^blast: B. = blastoderm: and B. ves¬ 

icle, the sac or hollow sphere formed by the 
blastoderm. It is covered for a time by the zona 
pellucida and contains the blastochyle.— blas'to- 
^sc, -disk, a mass of protoplasm which forms 
one of the poles of the yolk in the fertilized 
ovum.— blas-to-gen'e-sis, the multiplication of 
plants by means of buds.— blas-tog'e-ny, the 
gennshistory of an organism. — blas-to'ma, a 
morbid growth due to the presence of some 
micro*organism or a fetal remnant. — blas'to- 
mere, a cell mass from segmentation of the 
impregnated ovum or from the morula. 
Malaria. — Blastomy'ces, pi. -myce'tes, a genus of 
budding fungi, usually referred to Saccharo- 
MYCES or Torula. B. dermati'tidis (Gilchrist), 
an organism resembling yeast, which produces 
DERMATiTisinman. fblas-to-my-ce'tic;-my-cot'ic. 
— blas-to-my-co'sis, disease due to Blastomy'¬ 
ces. — blas-to-neu'ro-pore, a temporary aperture 
formed in certain embryos by the coalescence of 
the BLASTOPORE and the neuropore.— blas'to- 
phore, that part of a spermscell which does not 


become converted into spermatozoa. — blas-to- 
phyl'lum, either of the primary layers of the 
blastoderm.— blas-toph'y-ly, the tribal history of 
individual organisms.— blas'to-pore, the opening 
produced by the invagination of the blastula 
which accompanies the production of the gas- 
trula; anus of Rusconi; protostoma. It commu¬ 
nicates with the interior of the invaginated blas¬ 
tula or archenteron. fblas-to-por'ic, as B. canal 
= NEURENTERic CANAL. — blas'to-sphere, the 
stage following completed segmentation, the 
ovum being a hollow sphere filled with fluid and 
bounded by the blastoderm; blastodermic vesicle; 
blastula.— blas-to-stro'ma, the germinal area, 
blas'tu-la. = Blastosphere. [New L., “little 
bud.”] fblas'tu-lar. blas-tu-la'tion, the conver¬ 
sion of a germ into a blastula. blas'tu-la-pore = 

BLASTOPORE. 

Blat'ta. The cockroach, Periplane'ta (Blat'ta) ori- 
enta'lis, used as a diuretic, especially in Russia. 

Antihydropin. Dose, in powdered form, 0.6 
to I Gm. (10 to 15 grs.). fblat'tic acid, a 
strongly diuretic acid from cockroaches. 

Blaud’s pills. = Pilul^e ferri carbonatis*. 
blaz'ing star. A name for the plants Aletris fari- 
NOSA and Cham^elirium luteum. 
bleached sponge. =Spongia decolorata. 
bleach'ing liquid. A compound similar to bleach¬ 
ing powder, obtained in solution by transmitting 
a stream of chlorine gas through calcium hydrate 
suspended in water. B. powder, chlorinated lime, 
prepared by exposing calcium hydrate gradually 
to chlorine gas. It is used as a disinfectant, 
bleared'ness. i. Dimness of vision (or of the ap¬ 
pearance of the eye) due to the presence of rheum 
or muco=pus. 2. Blepharitis marginalis. 
blear'seye. i. A chronic catarrhal inflammation of 
the eyelids; lippitudo. 2. Blepharitis marginalis. 
bleat. =^Fgophony. 
bleb. = Bulla. fWeb'by. 

blech-rop'y-ra. A slow, mild fever. [<(d^VXP^^ 
sluggish -h Ttip fire, fever.] 

blech-ro-sphyg'mi a. Feebleness of the pulse. [< 
pirjxpd^ weak -f acpvypog pulse.] 
bleed'ing. ^Bloodletting; hemorrhage. B. 
pile = hemorrhoid. B. sickness = hemophilia. 
B. stigmata, bloody spots on the skin, seen in 
hasmatidrosis, caused by effusion of blood through 
the glandular ducts into the corium. fWeed'er, 
a person subject to the hemorrhagic diathesis, 
bleed'ers’ disease = hemophilia. 
blem'ma-trope. Apparatus for illustrating the 
movements and positions of the eye. [ < 
eye -f rpdmrog turn.] 

blen'al. Santalol carbonate or santalol carbonic 
acid ester, a yellowish oily liquid, almost odorless 
and tasteless; antigonorrhoeal. 
blend'ing. The act or process of mixing or fusing, 
as the crossing of a negro and a white person, the 
result being a mulatto. In blending, the chromo¬ 
somes during synapsis fuse so as actually to be¬ 
come one. ta^UNiT CHARACTER, t^lcnd'cd, as 
B. whisky, whisky. 

blenn-, blen'no-. Denoting mucus; muco-; myxo-: 
a combining form. [</ 5 AfFva mucus.] blenmad-e- 
ni'tis, inflammation of mucous glands.— blen-na- 
ze'mi a, morbid or excessive secretion of mucus.— 
blen-ne-lyt'ria = LEucoRRHCEA. — blen-nem'e-sis, 
the vomiting of mucus.— blen-nen-te'ri a, blen- 
nen'te-ry, mucous flow from the intestines.— blen'- 
nen-te-ri'tis, enteritis with discharge of mucus. 
— blen-no-che'si a, evacuation of mucus by the 


BLENOL 


128 


BLIGHT 


bowels.— blen‘no-cys-ti'tis, catarrhal inflammation 
of the bladder.— blen-no-gen'ic, blen-nog'e-nous, 
generating muctis; muciparous. — blen'noid, 
resembling mucus.— blen-no'ma = myxoma. — 
blen‘no-me-tri'tis, mucous flow from accompany¬ 
ing metritis.— blen*no-met-ror-rhoe'a, a mucous 
discharge from the uterus.— blenmo-phlo-go'sis, 
severe inflammation of a mucous membrane.— 
blen-noph-thal'mi a, inflammation of the mucous 
membrane (conjunctiva) of the eye.— blen-nop'- 
ty-sis, the expectoration of mucus.— blen-nor- 
rhoe'a, blen-nor-rha'gi a. i. Excessive secretion 
of mucus from any situation. B. alveola'ris = py- 
ORRHCEA ALVEOLARis. B. sim'plex, increased se¬ 
cretion of mucus from the urethra. 2. =Gon- 
ORRHCEA. B. adul-to'rum, gonorrhoeal ophthal¬ 
mia. B. chron'ica, gleet. B. neonato'rum, oph¬ 
thalmia neonatorum. B. oc'uli, ophthalmia caused 
by gonorrhoeal infection of the eye. tWen-nor- 
rhoe'al, blen-nor-rha'-gic, as B. rheumatism, 
rheumatism: and B. swelling, swelling of the 
knee due to synovitis of gonorrhoeal origin.— 
blen'nor-san, an antigonorrhoeic.the active constit¬ 
uent of which is stated to be fluidextract of ran- 
jan {Ix'ora cocci'na). — blen-no-sal'yl, an antigon- 
orrhoeic preparation of kavassantal with extract 
of black willow.— blen-no'sis, a disease of the 
mucous membranes.— blen-nos'-ta-sin, a pro¬ 
prietary nonstoxic vasomotor constrictor and 
blennostatic, said to be cinchonidin hydrobro¬ 
mide: used in colds, catarrh, influenza, etc. Dose, 
I to 4 Gm. (15 to 60 grs.).— blen-nos'-ta-sis, sup¬ 
pression of the secretion of mucus, 
ic. — blen-no-tho'rax, accumulation of mucus in 
the chest. — blen*no-tor-rhoe'a = otorrhcea. — 
blen-nu-reth'ri a, flow of mucus from the urethra; 
gonorrhoea.— blen-nu'ri a, the presence of mucus 
in the urine.— blenmy-me-ni'tis, inflammation of 
a mucous membrane. 

ble'nol. A solution of the double citrate of bismuth 
and hydrastin: used locally and internally in 
diseases of the mucous surfaces. Dose; 0.6 to 
2.5 Cc. (10 to 40 mins.). 

blen'or-rhol. A preparation of protargol and gelatin, 
bleph-a-rad'e-nes. The meibomian glands of the eye¬ 
lids. [< [S?ie(j)apov eyelid + aSr^v gland.] fbleph- 
a-rad-e-ni'tis. 

bleph'a-ral. Pertaining to the eyelids, 
bleph-a-rec'co-peus. A knife used for excising a 
portion of the eyelid in trichiasis. [ < ^ 7 iE(papov 
eyelid + ekkotzev^ a knife for excising.] 
bleph-a-r e-de'ma. =Blepharcedema. 
bleph-a-re-lo'sis. Rolling up of the eyelids, 
Ectropion; entropion. 

bleph-a-rem-phy-se'ma. Emphysema of the eye. 
Bleph'aris. A genus of plants. B. capen'sis, of 
Southern Africa, is'used against snake^bite, poi¬ 
soning from anthrax, and toothache. Dose of 
decoction, 90 to 120 Cc. (3 to 4 fl. ozs.). 
bleph'a-rism. Winking; spasm of the eyelid, 
bleph-a-ri'tis. Inflammation of the eyelids. B. 
cilia'ris, blepharitis affecting the hair»follicles of 
the eyelashes. B. margina'lis, chronic inflamma¬ 
tion of the sebaceous glands of the margins of the 
lids; ophthalmia tarsi; tinea tarsi. B. phleg- 
mono'sa, abscess of the eyelid. B. sim'plex, a 
mild form of inflammation of the eyelids, causing 
the formation of yellow crusts and gluing together 
of the lids. B. squamo'sa, a form of blepharitis 
marginalis in which the edges of the lids become 
covered with scales. B. ulcero'sa, blepharitis 
affecting the margin of the lid, which ulcerates 


and is covered with crusts. [ < (iTiEcpapov eyelid.] 
bleph'a-ro-. Relating to the eyelids; a combining 
form. [</?A£papop eyelid.] bleph’a-rosad-e-ni'tis 
= blepharadenitis. — bleph'a-rosad-e-no'ma, 
an adenoma of the eyelids.— bleph*a-rosath-e- 
ro'ma, an encysted tumor of the eyelid.— bleph'a- 
ro-blen-or-rhoe'a, mucopurulent inflammation of 
the conjunctiva.— bleph‘a-ro-car-ci-no'ma, cancer 
of the eyelid.— bleph'a-ro-chal'a-sis, a rare dis¬ 
ease of the eyelids, marked by thinning of the 
upper lid and consequent relaxation, making it 
hang down like a pouch.— bleph'a-ro-chro-mi- 
dro'sis, discoloration of the skin of the eyelid, 
appearing in patches.— bleph-a-ro-clei'sis, closure 
of the eyelids; ankyloblepharon; blepharosym- 
physis.— bleph’a-ro-col-o-bo'ma, coloboma or fis¬ 
sure of the eyelid.— bleph-a-roc'lo-nus, clonic 
spasms of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle.— 
bleph*a-ro-con-junc-ti-vi'tis, combined blepharitis 
and conjunctivitis.— bleph’a-ro-di-as'ta-sis, a con¬ 
dition in which the palpebral fissure is open wider 
than usual.— bleph‘a-ro-dys-chroe'a, congenital 
discoloration of the eyelid.— bleph-a-roe-de'ma, 
bleph-a-re-de'ma, a swelling (usually watery) of 
the eyelids.— bleph*a-ro-me-las'ma, the accumu¬ 
lation of darkscolored sebum on the eyelids.— 
bleph-a-ron-co'sis, the formation of a blepharon- 
cus. t^leph-a-ron'cus, a tumor on the eyelid; 
blepharophyma.— bleph’a-ro-ny'sis, an operation 
for entropion by means of Gaillard’s suture.— 
bleph-a-ro-pa-chyn'sis, abnormal thickening of an 
eyelid.— bleph'a-ro-phi-mo'sis, a narrowing of the 
interpalpebral slit: usually congenital.— bleph-a- 
roph'ry-plas-ty, a plastic operation in which the 
eyelid and the eyebrow are restored.— bleph-a- 
roph-thal'mi a, simultaneous inflammation of the 
eye and of the eyelids.— bleph-a-roph-thei-ri'a-sis, 
lousiness of the eyelids.— bleph-a-ro-phy'ma, a 
tumor of the eyelid; a blepharoncus.— bleph'a- 
ro-plas-ty, an operation for repairing any lesion of 
the eyelids by taking a flap from the contiguous 
sound parts.— bleph-a-ro-ple'gi a, falling of the 
upper eyelid from paralysis.— bleph-a-rop-to'sis, 
ptosis or dropping of the upper eyelid, because of 
paralysis.— bleph-a-ro-py-or-rhoe'a, purulent oph¬ 
thalmia.— bleph-a-ror'rha-phy, the surgical clos¬ 
ure of the eyelids by suture.— bleph-a-ror-rhoe'a, 
mucous flow from the conjunctival surface of an 
eyelid.— bleph'a-ro-spasm, a spasm of the orbicu¬ 
lar palpebral muscle, els Scrofulous b., severe spasm 
of the lid due to reflex action in scrofulous 
ophthalmia.— bleph'a-ro-spath, a forceps for con¬ 
trolling hemorrhage from the upper eyelid during 
operations.— bleph'a-ro-sphinc-te-rec'to-my, ex¬ 
cision of the sphincter muscle of the eye for the 
relief of pressure of the upper eyelid upon the 
cornea.— bleph'a-ro-stat, an instrument which 
keeps the eyelids apart and holds them during a 
surgical operation on the eye.— bleph'a-ro-ste- 
no'sis, abnormal narrowness of the palpebral slit; 
partial blepharocleisis; partial blepharophimo- 
sis.— bleph-a-ro-sym'phy-sis, a blepharocleisis.— 
bleph*a-ro-syn-des-mi'tis, inflammation of the con¬ 
junctiva of the eyelid.— bleph*a-ro-sy-ne-chi'a, 
adhesion of the eyelids.— bleph-a-rot'o-my, the 
operation of cutting the eyelid, 
blessed thistle. =Carduus benedictus. 
blight. I. The popular name for a slight pals^- 
caused by sudden cold or damp. B. of the eye = 
catarrhal ophthalmia. 2. Mildew, a disease of 
cereal grain and cultivated plants, caused by 
parasitic fungi. Angioneurotic oedema, 


BLIGHTED OVUM 


129 


BLOOD 


blight'ed ovum. An impregnated ovum whose vi¬ 
tality has been destroyed by disease or accident, 
blights. I. Hives. 2. Withering plant=diseases. 
blind. Without the sense of sight. B. boil, an 
indolent, imperfectly suppurating furuncle. B. 
fistula, FISTULA. B. gland, a gland without a 
duct. B. gut or intestine = c.ECUM. B. piles, 
hemorrhoids which do not bleed or discharge; 
also, those which do not descend through the 
sphincter. B. spot = oPTic disk. B. staggers, a 
brain disease of domestic animals, particularly 
horses, due to disturbance of brain circulation or 
of the digestive apparatus; considered by some 
to be a form of pellagra. Also, a disease of 
sheep caused by larval brain»worms. fblind'ing, 
the act of making blind or of causing blindness. 
bUnd' ness. Lack or loss of sight; caecitas. Specially 
named varieties of blindness are Blue*, Color*, 
Cortical, Day* (^hemeralopia; nyctalopia), 
Electric*light, Mind*, Moon*, NighU (ca- 
hemeralopia; nyctalopia), Note*, OhjecU ( = 
apraxia), Psychic, Red*, Red*green, Snow*, 
Soul*, and Word*. B. of pregnancy, complete 
temporary blindness caused by anaemia, 
blinking. Nictitation; involtmtary winking, 
blis'ter. i. A collection of serous fluid beneath the 
cuticle; a vesicle. ^Bloodsb.; bulla; fly*b.; 
FLYING b.; water*b. 2. The plaster or agent 
producing a blister. B.sbeetle or sfly, ^ canthar- 
is*. B. fever = PEMPHIGUS acutus. B. plaster, 
I^CERATUM CANTHARIDIS*. B. tetter = PEMPHI¬ 
GUS. fblis'ter-ing, as B. cerate = ceratum can- 
THARiDis*: B. collodion — collodium canthar- 
IDATUM*: B. liquid, linimentum cantharidis or 
liquor epispasticus: B. paper = charta canthar¬ 
idis: and B. plaster, ceratum cantharidis*. 
bloat. Turgescence; a dilated or inflated state of 
the tissues, as from anasarca or emphysema, 
block teeth. Teeth of ivory or porcelain paste, 
baked and enamelled. fl^lock'ing. Nerve 
blocking. 

Blocq’s disease. = Briquet’s ataxia. 
blond. I. Light complexioned. 2. A person of 
light complexion and lightscolored hair. 
Blond-lot’s rays. = N*rays. 

blood. The red fluid which circulates through the 
cavities of the heart, the arteries, the capillaries, 
and the veins; sanguis. It consists of a colorless 
liquid {b.-plasma) in which are suspended red 
blood*corpuscles, white blood*corpuscles, and 
blood*plates. On coagulation by exposure to air 
it separates into a yellowish liquid {serum) and a 
red clot (crassamentum or cruor). The specific 
gravity of blood is, in men, from 1.057 to 1.066, 
and, in women, from 1.054 to 1.061. The amount 
of blood is approximately of the weight of the 
body. The blood contained in the arteries (ar¬ 
terial b.), on account of its recent oxygenation in 
the lungs is of a bright red or scarlet color, but 
as it passes into the veins it changes its hue, be¬ 
coming sometimes very dark red, or rather a dark 
blue; but it is more usually a brownish*red (ve¬ 
nous b.). It is red and usually warm in vertebrates 
but cold and white in most invertebrates, 
H4EMATO-; H.EMO-. B. albumin = SERUM*ALBU- 
MiN. B. bath, a bath consisting of fresh animal 
blood. B.sblister, a blister having bloody con¬ 
tents: produced usually by a bruise. B.sboil = 
H.,EMATOM.\. B. of bullocks = bullock’s BLOOD. 
B. calculus, a concretion of blood*coagula; a 
phlebolith. B. casein, globulin. B.scasts, micro¬ 
scopic filaments of coagulated blood found in the 
9 


urine. B.scell, any blood*corpuscle, esne/'L” • a 
white corpuscle or leucocyte. B. charcoal, char¬ 
coal obtained by heating dried blood with pot is- 
sium carbonate, washing, and drying. B.sclot, the 
coagulum formed when blood is exposed to the 
air. Thrombus. B. clyster, an enema of bull’s 
blood: for anaemia. B. coloring=matter — haemo¬ 
globin. B.scorpuscles, the morphological constit¬ 
uents floating in the blood*plasma, including red 
and white corpuscles and the blood*plates. Red 
b.scorpuscles, small biconcave, non*nucleated, 
floating disks found in the blood; erythrocytes. 
They contain about 95% of haemoglobin and 
serve chiefly as carriers of oxygen to the tissues. 
They average about in.) in diam¬ 

eter and in number there are about 5,000,000 
per cubic millimetre in man and 4,500,000 in 
woman. In man and most other mammals they 
are circular. In mass, they have a blood color. 
White b.scorpuscles, leucocytes; polynuclear cells 
of protoplasm having amoeboid movements. 
They are found in the blood and lymph, are 
about lop diameter, and in number 

occur in the proportion of i to every 500 to 600 
red cells. They take up foreign particles in the 
blood, and under certain conditions pass through 
the walls of vessels. B. counting, estimation of 
the number of blood*corpuscles, usually per cubic 
millimetre, for diagnostic or scientific purposes. 
e^HAiMOCYTOMETER; ThOMA’S COUNTING CELL. 
B. crisis, the sudden appearance in the peripheral 
blood of large numbers of immature blood*cor- 
puscles: seen in various types of anaemia. B.s 
crystals, haematoidin crystals occurring in the 
blood. B. cure, the use of fresh bullock’s blood 
in the treatment of disease. B. cyst = HaEmato- 
CELE or HaEmatoma. B.sdisk. i. A blood*cor- 
puscle, especially a red corpuscle. 2. A blood* 
platelet. B.sdust==HAEMOKONiA. B.fluke=ScHis- 
TosoMUM Haematobium. B.sglands = blood* 
VASCULAR GLANDS. B.sglobules, blood*corpuscles. 
B. heat, the normal temperature of the human 
blood, about 37°C.(99°F.). B. iron, combined iron 
found in the blood. B.sisland, Islet of Pander, a 
group of embryonic blood*corpuscles, contained 
originally in enlarged and hollow cells. They are 
formed within the vascular area during the earli¬ 
est days of embryonic development. B. liquor, 
r^LiQuoR sanguinis; plasma. B.smeal, purified, 
dried blood in form of a powder: used in Sweden as 
a food. B.smole, a false mole composed of coagu¬ 
lated blood and retained fetal membranes, some¬ 
times remaining after an abortion. B.smurmur, a 
murmur due to alteration in the blood rather 
than to disease 
of the vessels or 
valves. B.spig- 
ments, gb^HaEmo- 
globi.n; HaEma- 
tin; HaEMatocy- 
anin. B. pipette, 
a pipette for with¬ 
drawing or tak¬ 
ing up blood. 

B.splaques = B.* 

PLATELETS. B . s 
plasma, the col¬ 
orless fluid in 
which the blood*corpuscles float during life; liquor 
sanguinis. B.splate thrombus = plate thrombo¬ 
sis. B.splatelets, small round or lenticular cor¬ 
puscles, ranging in size from 0.5 to 5.5/^, without 



Bizzozero’s Blood-platelets. 
— a. Blood-platelets, b. 
Schultze’s granular mass. 




BLOODLESS 


130 


BOAS’S REAGENT 


haemoglobin, showing a bluish, refractive appear¬ 
ance and occurring to the extent of several hun¬ 
dred thousand per cubic millimetre; third corpus¬ 
cle of Bizzozero; thrombocyte. They are charac¬ 
terized by their adhesive nature and by their rapid 
disintegration in the shed blood, when they 
produce probably the thrombokinase and per¬ 
haps the prothrombin which form the fibrin* 
forment. They are extruded particles of the giant 
cells of the bone*marrow, B.=poisoning = tox¬ 
emia. B. polypus = PLACENTAL POLYPUS. B.s 
pressure, the pressure exerted by the blood against 
the walls of the blood*vessels and determined by 
the MANOMETER. Clinically, it is the amount of 
force required to obstruct the pulse=wave in the 
radial artery; e., systolic or maximum hlood== 
pressure; normally about 120 mm. of mercury. 
In the large veins of the neck it is even 
negative. B.srespiration, the absorption of oxy¬ 
gen and rejection of carbon dioxide carried on 
by the blood in its circulation through the 
respiratory passages. B.=serum, serum. B.s 

shadow = PHANTOM CORPUSCLE. B.sSpaceS = IN¬ 
TERVILLOUS LACUNA. B. spavin, a soft swelling 
or venous tumor on the inner side of a horse’s 
hock. B.sstroke, ^ INSOLATION. B.stablets = B.«> 
PLATELETS. B. tumor, a haematoma; vulgarly, 
an aneurism. B.svascular gland, one of the duct¬ 
less glands, as the adrenal, the spleen, and the 
thymus. B.svascular system, the system of 
blood*vessels. B.svessel, a vessel or canal in 
which the blood circulates, fhlood'y, as B. -flux, 
dysentery: B. WMrratfJ = QUARTER*EVIL: B. 

= H^MATIDROSIS: B. Urine = ATVRlA". 
and B. vomit = hjeuatemesis. 
bloodless. Not marked by loss of blood, or marked 
by the loss of very little blood: said of operations. 
I®"Esmarch’s bandage; Lorenz’s operation. 
blood'let-ting. Any artificial discharge of blood for 
the cure or prevention of disease; missio sanguinis. 

Arteriotomy ; phlebotomy. It is general, as in 
venesection and arteriotomy, or topical, as in 
leeching or cupping, or in scarification, 
blood'root. =Sanguinaria*. 

blood'shot. Filled with blood: said of the eye when 
the blood*vessels are distended from inflamma¬ 
tion, etc. 

blotch. A pimple, pustule, or lesion of the skin, or 
a group of such lesions. 

Blot’s perforator. An instrument for opening the 
skulls of infants during labor, 
blowing respiration or sound. =Bruit de souf- 

FLET. 

blown meat. Meat in which the loose cellular tissue 
is inflated by means of a bellows, 
blow'spipe. A tube for increasing the heat of 
flame by blowing air upon it. (See illustration in 
next column.) 

blue. I. Having the color blue; sky*colored. 
Cyano-. 2. One of the primary colors. B.shall, 
sboar, or sboy, a vulgar mispronunciation of bubo. 
B.sblindness, a variety of colorsblindness in which 
blue is not distinguished. B. cohosh = Caulo- 
PHYLLUM thalictroides. B.sdevils, depression 
of spirits, Blues. B. disease = cyanosis. 
B. flag = Iris versicolor. B. gum, a bluish 
state of the gums seen in lead*poisoning. B. gum 
tree = Eucalyptus globulus. B. jaundice = 
cyanosis. B.slight treatment, the therapeutic 
use of blue electric light. It causes expulsion of 
blood from the part exposed and has been suc¬ 
cessfully used in neuralgic and neuritic affections. 


B. line = Burton’s sign. B. man, a person 
affected with cyanosis or argyria. B. mass = 
MASSA HYDRARGYRi*. B.smilk bacillus, Bacil'lus 


123 4 5 6 



Blow-pipes. —i. Plain. 2. Bulb. 3. Black’s. 4. Berzel¬ 
ius’s. 5 . Plattner’s. 6. Plattner’s (dissected). (Rem¬ 
ington.) 

pyocya'neus. ^ Milk, blue. B. oedema, a bluish 
and swollen state of a limb sometimes seen in 
hysterical paralysis. B. ointment = unguentum 
HYDRARGYRI*. B. pills, pilulae hydrargyri. B. 
pus, pus of a blue color, due to the presence of 
Bacil'lus pyocya'neus. B. pyoktanin, pyokta- 
NiN. B. stain = piNTA. B.sstone or vitriol, cop¬ 
per sulphate. B.syellow visual substance, a sub¬ 
stance in the eye which is altered only by light of 
a corresponding color value. 

blue'ber-ry. ^Vaccinium. 

blues. A popular name for depression of spirits, 
usually resulting from indigestion. 

Blu'men-au’s nucleus. The lateral portion of the 
cuneate nucleus. 

Blu'men-bach’s clivus. = Clivus blumenbachi. 
B.’s plane, a plane parallel with the base of a 
skull from which the lower jaw has been 
removed. 

blunt hook. i. A hook with a blunt extremity, 
used in embryotomy or in extraction of the foetus 
2. A small retractor used in operations. B. probe, 
a probe with a dull extremity. 

blush. A sudden and temporary suffusion with red¬ 
ness, affecting the face, cheeks, brow, or even the 
neck, due to some emotion, as shame, surprise, 
confusion, or diffidence. 

blu-tan'. An alcohoLfree proprietary solution of 
peptonized ferromanganese and acidsalbumin 
used in phthisis, chlorosis, rhachitis, etc. 

Blythe’s test. A test for lead in drinking water 
made by adding 1% of alcoholic tincture of 
cochineal: a precipitate indicates lead. 

BNA. An abbr. for the Basle Anatomical Nomen¬ 
clature, a list of some 4500 terms, designating the 
macroscopical parts of human anatomy: adopted 
by the Anatomical Society at Basle in 1895, for 
the purpose of simplifying anatomical nomencla¬ 
ture. The intention of the BNA is to give the 
shortest, simplest, and most available term, in 
correct Latin, and only one name to each struct¬ 
ure. The BNA terms entered in this dictionary 
are designated by a star ( *). 

Bo'as’s reagent. A reagent, composed of 5 parts of 
resorcin, 3 parts of sugar, and 100 parts of diluted 
alcohol, for determining the presence of hydro¬ 
chloric acid in gastric juice, a red color being 
produced if HCl is present. B.’s sign, in cancer 
of the stomach the gastric contents contain lactic 
acid. B.’s test, the splashing sound obtained on 
pressure upon the abdominal wall in intestinal 
atony after the injection of 200 to 300 Cc. of 
water into the bowel. 

















BOLE 


BOATsBELLY 131 


budt sb^l-ly, boat'sshaped abdomen. = Scaphoid 

ABDOMEN, 

Bobb’s operation. Removal of gallsstonea by chole- 
CYSTOSTOMY. 

bob veal. The flesh of immature calves used for 
the purpose of food. 

bo'bas. Brazillian yaws; due to the bite of a fly. 
[1 J- A- M. A. ij. ’lo.] 

Bocco'nia. A genus of papaveraceous plants: 
several species are used in South America as 
local irritants, purgatives, and abortifacients. 

Boch'da-lek’s canal. A small canal passing through 
the tympanic membrane. B.’s ganglion, a nodes 
like swelling situated at the junction of the an¬ 
terior and middle dental nerves. B.’s gap, the 
opening between the costal and lumbar attach¬ 
ments of the diaphragm. B.’s muscle, an occa¬ 
sional muscle from the corpus triticeum in the 
posterior thyrohyoid ligament, passing upward 
and forward to join the tongue along with the 
hyoglossus muscle; musculus triticeoglossus. B.’s 
tubes, tubular cavities connecting with the pos¬ 
terior part of the thyroglossal duct inconstant 
after birth. B.’s valve, a fold of the mucous 
membrane of the lacrimal duct situated near 
the PUNCTUM LACRIMALE. 

Bock’s nerve. = Pterygopalatine nerve. 

Bo'do. A genus of biflagellated protozoans found 
in the intestines of man and of some of the 
lower animals. B. sal'tans has been found in 
ulcers, and B. urina'rius in the urine of cholera 
patients. 

bod'y. I. Any mass or portion of matter. 2. The 
material part of man or of any animal, considered 
separately from the soul or the life. 3. The 
trunk; soma. 4. The main part of anything. 
^Corpus; corpora. For specially named bodies 
in the various senses see the adjectives. B. of 
Arantius, ^Arantius. B.sbandage, a bandage 
applied to the body. B.scavity. i. The cavity 
enclosed within the body*walls; the coelom. 2. 
The entire pleuroperitoneal space: but the term 
usually denotes the space below the diaphragm 
containing the abdominal viscera. B.5cells = 
SOMATIC cells. B.slouse, the Pedic'ulus cor'- 
poris, or P. vestimen'ti, the clothesslouse. B, of 
Luys = SUBTHALAMUS. B.=plasm = SOMATOPLASM. 
B. of Rosenmiiller = PAROVARIUM. B.ssnatcher, 
one who secretly ex¬ 
humes buried bodies 
to obtain subjects for 
dissection. B.stem- 
perature, the tempera¬ 
ture of the body: nor¬ 
mally 37° C. (98.6° F.). 

It may be external, 
when taken in the ax¬ 
illa, or internal, when 
taken in the mouth, 
the rectum, or the 
vagina. 

Boeck’s scabies. = Nor¬ 
wegian ITCH. 

Boerhaave’s glands (bor'- 
havz). Sudoriparous 
glands. 

Bbh'mer’s haematoxylin. A 10% alcoholic solution 
of haematoxylin: used as a basis for other stain¬ 
ing solutions. B.’s haematoxylinsalum, a solution 
of I Gm. haematoxylin in 10 Cc. alcohol, mixed 
with a solution of 10 Gm. potassium alum in 200 
Cc. water: used to stain nuclei. 


Bdhm’s method. Tenotomy of an ocular muscle, 
as for the relief of strabismus. 

Bottcher’s annuli (bot'cnerz). The irregularly ring* 
shaped or hexagonal meshes in the lamina retic¬ 
ularis covering the organ of Corti in the cochlear 
duct. B.’s cells, small dark=colored cells in the 
cochlea of some animals, arranged in a single 
layer upon the basilar membrane beneath the 
cells of Claudius. B.’s crystals, microscopic 
crystals seen when a drop of a weak solution of 
ammonium phosphate is added to a drop of 
prostatic fluid. 

Bdttger’s plan or test (bot'g^rz). A test for glucose 
in urine. The urine is made alkaline with so¬ 
dium carbonate and then boiled with bismuth 
subnitrate. A black deposit indicates glucose; a 
white deposit, no glucose, 
bog'sbal-sam. = Balsam bog. 
bog'bean. ==Menyanthes trifoliata. 
bog moss. i^Muskeag moss; Sphagnum. 
Bo'gros’s space. A space between the peritoneum 
above and the fascia transversalis below: it con¬ 
tains the lower part of the external iliac artery, 
bog'sspav-in. An encysted tumor upon the inner 
side of a horse’s hock. 

Bogue’s operation (bogz). Treatment of varico¬ 
cele by ligating the veins with catgut at various 
points. 

bohea (bo-hi'). Black tea. fbo-he'ic acid, an acid, 
CyFTjoOg, found in teadeaves. 
bo'hun u'pas. A bitter, very poisonous, gum=resin 
exuding from incisions in the bark of Antia'ris 
toxica'ria, of Java and the neighboring islands: the 
gum is called antiar or antikar by the Javanese, 
boil. = Furuncle. t®-GuM=B.; Oriental sore. 
boiledssa'go matter. =Frogsspawn matter. 
boi'lersma-kers’ deafness. Deafness due to habitu¬ 
ally working in places where the sound is deafen¬ 
ing. It is often accompanied by aural catarrh 
and by marked nervous symptoms, 
boil'ing. = Ebullition. B. point of water, near 
the level of the sea, 212° of Fahrenheit; in vacuo, 
67°; in the Centigrade thermometer, the boiling 
point is 100°; in Reaumur’s, 80®. 

Boisragon pills (bwa-ra-goh). Mild mercurous chlo¬ 
ride, 12 grs.; powdered scammony, 12 grs.; com¬ 
pound extract of colocynth, 40 grs.; oil of car¬ 
away, 4 mins.; aloes, 8 grs.: to make 14 pills. 
Bolt’s breathing. A. J. M. S. j. ’i i.] 
bol. Abbr. for bo'lus, a large pill. 

Bo'lax gleba'ria. Balsam bog. 
boFbo-mel-a-no'ma. A melanotic tumor of the eye¬ 
ball. [ </ 3 oA/ 36 c bulb -f melanoma.] 
bol'do, bol'do a, bol'dus. The leaves of Peu'mus 
hol'dus {Bol'doa fra'grans), a tree of Chile and 
Peru: used as a tonic, diuretic, stimulant, and 
sedative. Dose of powder, 0.12 to 0.3 Gm. (2 to 
5 grs.); of fl. ext., 0.25 to 0.5 Cc. (4 to 8 mins.); 
of tincture, 0.6 to 1.3 Cc. (10 to 20 mins.). From 
it are obtained bol-do-glu'cin (bol'din), a narcotic 
glucoside: used as a calmative in insanity; dose, 
0.06 to 0.2 Gm. (i to 3 grs.); and bol'dine, a hyp¬ 
notic alkaloid; dose, 0.002 to 0.006 Gm. to 
xVgr.). B., oil of, a volatile oil from the leaves 
of Bol'doa fra'grans, useful in bladder disease, 
gleet, and catarrhs. Dose. 0.3 Cc. (5 mins.), 
bole. I. A name given to various earths, mostly 
clayey, and of a dark color. Among the varieties 
are the American, French, Bohemian, Lemnian, 
and Silesian boles. They are mostly astringent 
and absorbent iron tonics: they are little used 
except in veterinary practice. 2. = Bolus, def. i. 



Hermann Boerhaave, 
Dutch Physician, 1668- 
1738. 


BOLETUS 


132 


BORAX 


Bole'tus. A genus of Fun'gi comprising numerous 
species, some of which are poisonous and others 
edible. B. chirurgo'rum = Agaricus quercus. 
B. edu'lis, the edible mushroom, a native of 
Europe. B. ignia'rius = Agaricus quercus. B. 
lu'ridus, Muscarine. B. pur'gans, larch agaric. 
Bo-log-ni'ni’s sign. The sensation of friction per¬ 
ceived within the abdomen in measles. G. ’07.] 
bo-lom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring minute 
differences of radiant heat; actinic balance, 
bo'lus. I. Any globular medicine larger than an 
ordinaryssized pill, yet small enough to be swal¬ 
lowed. 2. =Bole, def. I. [L., fr./IwAof mass.] 
Bom'bax. A genus of bombaceous trees, mostly 
of tropical America; the cotton trees. The seeds 
of these trees are surrounded with beautiful silky 
hairs called silkicotton. ^Mocmain. 
bom'bic acid. An acid compound, probably acetic 
acid, foimd in the silkworm and its chrysalis, 
bom'bus. I. = Tinnitus aurium. 2. =Bor- 

BORYGMUS. [<buzzing of bees.] 
bom'byx. = Hippocampus major. 

Bom'byx mo'ri. i^^Silk. 

bonbon (bon'bon). A conserve, or sugared and 
flavored confection, often medicated. [ F.] 

bond. A unit of combining power equal to that of 
an atom of hydrogen, the valence of an element 
or a radical being indicated by the number of its 
bonds, represented by dashes, as 0=, C^, etc. 

Bond’s splint. A form of splint for fracture of the 
lower end of the radius. 

bon'duc seed, bon-du-cel'la. The seeds of Guilan- 
di'na bon'duc and G. honducel'la, climbing tropical 
plants. They are tonic, antiperiodic, and stimu¬ 
lant. Dose of powder, 0.5 to i Gm. (8 to 15 
grs.). From it the bitter febrifuge principle 
bon'du-cin, CJ4H15O5, is obtained. 

bone. I . The substance which forms the solid frame* 
work or skeleton in vertebrated animals. It con¬ 
sists of connective tissue, yielding gelatin on boil¬ 
ing, impregnated with lime salts, principally cal¬ 
cium phosphate. 2. Any one of the separate 
pieces of the skeleton; os*. e^Ossa; osteo-. 
The bones are composed of an outer shell of com¬ 
pact tissue enclosing a reticular, spongy inner 
structure. Bone*tissue is traversed by channels 


(haversian canals), from which numerous canal- 
iculi radiate toward the lacuncB, or spaces con¬ 
taining the bone*cells. The inner spongy tissue is 
filled with large marrow cavities. The long bones 
are-pierced by central cavities which contain yel¬ 
low marrow. The specially named bones are 
entered under the adjectives. B.sache, osteocopic 
pain; pain in the bones. B. aneurism, a pulsat¬ 
ing, vascular tumor of bone. B.sash, the ash of 
bones which have been calcined. It consists 
principally of calcium phosphate; also of calcium 
carbonate, calcium fluoride, and magnesium phos¬ 
phate. B.sbinder = osTEocoLLA. B.=black, ani¬ 
mal charcoal. B.splate. i. A plate of bone. 2. 
A plate of silver 


Bone-plate. 


or other solid sub¬ 
stance by means of 
which the ends of 
fractured bones are 

fixed in apposition with screws: used in the open 
treatment of fractures. B. canals, i. The canals of 
thediploe. 2. The haversian canals. B.scartilage, 
ostein, the substance remaining after the removal 
of the earthy matters of bone by treatment with 
acids. B.scell = OSTEOBLAST. B. charcoal ^ANI¬ 
MAL CARBON. B.sconduction, the conduction of 



Bone-nippers. 


soundswaves to the auditory nerve through the 
bones of the skull. It is usually tested by means 
of a vibrating tuningsfork placed upon the ver¬ 
tex. B.scorpuscle, one of the con- 
nective=tissue cells lodged within 
the lacunae of bone and sending 
processes into the canaliculi. B.s 
disks = B, sPLATES. B.searth, cal¬ 
cium phosphate, the earthy basis of 
the bones of animals. B. fever, an 
inflammation of the hands occur¬ 
ring in those who work in bone. 

B.sforcepS = BONEsNIPPERS. B. of 
the Incas, the interparietal bone. 

B. lacunae = LACUNA ossium. B. 
lamellae or laminae = lamella 
OSSIUM. B.smarrow, MARROW. 

B.snippers, a cutting forceps used 
for the removal of bits of bone 
in surgery. B. oil, a tarry and oily 
liquid obtained from bone by dry distillation: 
a popular remedy in kidney diseases, coughs, and 
rheumatism. B.splates, plates or disks of bone for 
holding the ends of a divided intestine in place. 
B.sspavin, a hard excrescence on the hock of a 
horse. B.sspirit, a brown ammoniacal liquor 
obtained in the process of manufacturing animal 
charcoal from bones. 

bone'let. An ossicle or small bone, as of the ear. 
bone'set. =Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
bone'set-ter. A person who professes great skill in 
the treatment of fractured and luxated bones, 
generally a quack, who claims hereditary gifts. 
Bon'fil’s disease. = Hodgkin’s disease. 

Bonjean’s ergotine (bofi-zhohz). A purified extract 
of ergot. Dose, 0.3 to 0.6 Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). 
Bonnet’s capsule (bon-nez). = Tenon’s capsule. 
Bon'will’s crown. In dentistry, an artificial crown 
of porcelain for fixing on a natural root, 
bo'ny ankylosis, Ankylosis. B. crepitus, the 
grating sensation produced by friction of the 
fragments of a fractured bone. B. nucleus, the 
centre of ossification. B. tumor, an o.steoma. 
Bon'zel’s operation. The formation of an artificial 
pupil by detaching the iris with a hook, 
boo'boo, bou'bou. A disease in the Hawaiian Islands 
which attacks new*comers only: thought by 
some to be a kind of dengue and by others, a 
subacute gastritis. The patients are depressed in 
spirits and moan continuously, v/hence the name. 
Bobph'ilus. A genus of ticks. B. bo'vis, Texas 

FEVER. 

boot. In veterinary surgery, a leather case for the 
leg, to prevent injury from “interfering” or to 
keep a dressing in place, Junod’s b. 
boot'i-kin. Formerly a soft skin boot for the foot, 
or a mitten for the hand, worn as a cure for gout, 
bo-ra'cic acid. = Boric acid. 
bor'a-cil. A proprietary antiseptic dusting powder. 
Bora'go officina'lis, bo'rage. An herbaceous plant, 
the leaves of which are aperient and diaphoretic, 
bo'ral. Aluminum borotartrate: used as a disinfect¬ 
ant and astringent. 

bo'ra-lid. A proprietary antiseptic containing boric 
acid and acetanilide, 
bo'rate. A salt of boric acid. 

bo'ra-ted. Containing borax or boric acid. B. 
cotton, cotton impregnated with boric acid. B. 
tartar, a white powder prepared by evaporating 
solutions of borax and potassium bitartrate, 
bo'rax. The common name for sodium borate, 
NajB^O^-f loHjO; sodii boras*. B. bath, a bath 





BORBORUS 


133 


BOTRYOID 


containing borax and glycerin. It is soothing 
and emollient in irritable conditions of the skin. 
B. carmin, a histological stain, being a solution 
of borax and carmin. B. honey = mel boracis. 
bor'bo-rus. Faeces; excrement. [< ( 36 pl 3 npo^.] 
bor-bo-ryg'mus. The gurgling noise produced by 
the movements of flatus in the stomach or the 
intestines. [< [iopl^ophi^eti^ to have a rumbling in 
the bowels.] 

Bordeaux wine (bdr-do). A name for several kinds 
of French wine, one of which is called M^doc. 
The red Bordeaux wine is called claret by the 
English. B. red, a red stain used in dyeing, 
bor'der. A limbus or margin. B. cells = marginal 
CELLS. B. zone = MARGINAL ZONE, fbo^'dered, 
as B. suture —svTVRA. limbosa. 

BordetsGengou bacillus. A coccosbacillus found in 
pertussis. B.=G. reaction. A test for typhoid fever 
along the lines of the Wassermann reaction. 
Bordet’s phenomenon. = Pfeiffer’s phenomenon ; 

FIXATION OF complement. 

bo'ric acid. An acid, H3BO3, obtained from borax; 

. ACIDUM BORICUM*. 

bo'ri-cin. A compound of borax and boric acid, 
bor'ing pain. A pain accompanied by a sensation* 
as of being pierced by a revolving instrument, 
bo'rism. Poisoning with boron or its compounds, 
bor'ne ene. A volatile oil containing borneol and 
turpenes. 

Bor'ne o camphor. A crystalline solid found in crev¬ 
ices of the wood of Dryobal'anops aromat'ica: 
when artificially prepared it is called borneol. 
bor'ne-ol, bor'nyl camphor. Camphyl alcohol, 
CjgHjgO, a solid resembling camphor, formed by 
treating camphor with sodium; camphol. B. iso¬ 
valerate = bornyval. 

bor'ny-val. Proprietary capsules of borneol isovale¬ 
rate: used like valerian. Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.), 
bo'ro-. Denoting the presence of boron or its de¬ 
rivatives: a combining form. [< Boron.] bo- 
ro-bo'rax, an antiseptic compotmd of boric acid 
and borax.— bo-ro-chlo're-tone, a mixture of i 
part of chloretone with 3 parts of boric acid: 
used as a surgical dressing powder.— bo-ro-cit'- 
rate, a compound of boric and citric acids with a 
radical or element. —bo-ro-flu'o-rin, a proprietary 
antiseptic and germicide, containing boric acid, 
sodium fluoride, benzoic acid, and formaldehyde. 

— bo-ro-for'mal, -for'ma-lin, an antiseptic con¬ 
taining albumin with boric and formic acids. — 
bo-ro-fuch'sin, a solution of equal parts of fuch- 
sin and boric acid in dilute alcohol, used as a 
stain for tubercle bacilli. — bo'ro-gen, boric^acid 
ethyl ester: used by inhalation in rhinitis, 
pharyngitis, etc. — bo-ro-glyc'e-ride, bo-ro-glyc'e- 
rin, glyceryl borate, a 'pasty mass consisting of 
boric acid 2 parts, glycerin 3 parts, heated 
till they blend; glacialin. It is used as an anti¬ 
septic and in various skin and eye diseases. 
Aqueous solutions of boroglyceride are used for 
preserving meat, milk, etc.— bo-ro-glyc'e-rol, a 
liquid prepared by heating together equal parts 
of boroglyceride and glycerin. — bo'rol, a sub¬ 
stance prepared by fusing boric acid and sodium 
bisulphate. — bo-ro-l)rp'tol, a proprietary anti¬ 
septic and disinfectant: used in typhoid fever 
and gastro*intestinal diseases. — bo‘ro-nat‘ro-cal'- 
cite, native hydrated sodium and calcium borate: 
sometimes employed as a substitute for borax. 

— bo'ro-phene, a proprietary antiseptic and 
astringent. — bo-ro-phe'nol, a combination of 
borax and carbolic acid. It is a disinfectant.— 


bo*ro-sal-i-cyl'ic acid, a white powder made by 
evaporating a mixture of aqueous solution of 
boric acid and alcoholic solution of salicylic acid. 
— bo'ro-sal, a solution of alum, boric acid, 
glycerin, and salicylic acid: used for perspiring 
feet.— bo-ro-tar'trol, boric acid and neutral sodi¬ 
um tartrate: used as an antiseptic.— bo-ro-ver'- 
tin, a mixture of formalin and boric acid, 
bo'ron. The base of boric acid; a non*metallic 
element, which exists in three allotropic states, 
amorphous, graphitoidal, and crystallized: sp. gr., 
2.6; at. wt., 10.9; symbol, B. Amorphous boron is 
an olive sbrown powder which is infusible and has 
neither taste nor smell. It occurs in nature only 
in combination with oxygen. [< L. ho'rium, fr. 
Pers. burah borax.] 

Borra'go. =Borago. 

bor'ras. Black vomit. B. fever, a fatal fever of 
children: found in Cuba. L. ij. ’10.] 
bor'sa-lyl, bor-sal'i-cy-late. Sodium borosalicylate: 
used as an antiseptic, analgesic, and preservative. 
Dose, 0.3 to 2 Gm. (5 to 30 grs.). 

Bor-si-e'ri’s line. The white line which quickly 
turns red and grows smaller, produced by draw¬ 
ing the finger snail over the skin: seen in the early 
stage of scarlatina. 

bor'syl. A mixture of aethol and boric acid. 

Bos tau'rus. i^Fel bovis*. 

Bo'se’s operation. A method of tracheotomy, 
bo'som. The anterior and superior aspect of the 
outer surface of the chest, Breast. 
boss. A round or roundish eminence; umbo*: 
principally applied to eminences upon the surface 
of a bone, or upon a tumor. t^os'se-la-ted, 
marked or covered wdth bosses: said of certain 
tumors, etc. bos-se-la'tion, a boss or small emi¬ 
nence (usually one of several) on the surface of a 
tumor, or of an organ, as the female breast. 
Bos'si’s dilator. A dilator for the cervix uteri, 
bot. A small worm which breeds in the intestines 
of horses: it is the larva of the CEstrus, or gad¬ 
fly, which deposits its eggs on the hair of the 
horse, and by the licking of the animal they are 
swallowed. B.sfly = Dermatobia noxialis. 
Bos'tock’s catarrh. Hay fever. 

Bo-tal’s' or Bo-tal'lo’s duct. = Ductus arterio¬ 
sus [Botalli]*. B.’s foramen or hole = foramen 
OVALE. B.’s ligament, the vestige of the ductus 
arteriosus; the arterial ligament, 
bot'a-ny. That branch of natural history which 
treats of plants, or of the vegetable kingdom. 
[< L. botan'ica, fr. (Sordv?} herb.] f^o-tan'ic, 
bo-tan'i-cal, as B. medicine, a remedy consisting 
solely of vegetable products, or ti'eatment by 
means of such: and B. physician, a physician 
who professes to use only vegetable medicines. 
Bot'a-ny Bay resin. =Acaroid resin. 
botch. A sore or lesion of the skin; a large pimple. 
Bothrioceph'alus. A genus of tapeworms, several 
species of which, as B. corda'tus, B. liguloi'des or 
manso'ni and B. trop'icus, are parasitic in man 
and may cause anaemia. ^T.<enia. B. la'tus — 
Dibothriocephalus latus. [<. ( 3 odplov little 
pit + Ke(pa?iT/ head.] 

both'ri um. i. A depression, deep ulcer, or alveolus. 
2. A facet, such as is seen upon the head of 
certain tapeworms. [ < l 3 odpiov little pit.] 
bot'ry-oid. Resembling a bunch of grapes: applied 
particularly to a deformity of the liver, due to 
contraction of the connective tissue. B. sarcoma, 
a tumor of grape=like form in the cervix uteri. 
[ < ( 36 Tpv(; bunch of grapes + eldog form.] 


BOTRYOMYCES 


134 


BOWMAN'S CAPSULE 


Botryomy'ces. A genus of micrococci, of which the 
species B. e'qui is thought to cause bot-ry-o-my- 
co'sis, -my-ce-to'sis, a disease of horses marked by 
fibrous nodules in the lungs. [ < ftorpvq bunch of 
grapes + jivKrig fungus.] -j-bot-ry-o-my-co'ma, one 
of the nodules due to botryomycosis. ^Micro¬ 
coccus AscoFORMANS. bot-ry-o-my-cot'ic. 
bot-ry-os'te-o-phyte. A bony growth resembling a 
cluster of grapes. 

bot-ry-o-ther-a-peu'tics, -ther'a-py. Grape cure. 
Botry'tis bassia'na. A fungus causing the fatal dis¬ 
ease muscardine in silkworms and other insects, 
bots, bott. = Box. 

Bbttcher, Bbttger. See as if written Boettcher, 
Boettger. 

bot-tine'. A bootslike support for a weak limb. 
Bot-ti'ni’s operation. The operation of forming an 
artificial urethra through an enlarged prostate by 
means of galvanocautery. 

bot'tle. A vessel, commonly of glass, and having a 
neck; buticula. Small bottles are known as 
B.sdropsy, dropsy of the abdomen; ascites. B.s 
nose, hypertrophy of the nose, with varicose 
condition of its vessels, due to excessive use of 
alcoholic liquors; acne rosacea. B.ssound = am¬ 
phoric RALE. B.sstoop, a rest of wood or other 
material, upon which a wide=mouthed bottle may 
be inclined for removing its contents, 
bot'tom. = Fundus. 

bot'u-lin, bot-u-lin'ic acid, bot'u-lis-mo-tox'in. A 

substance found in putrid sausages, supposed to 
be the same principle as allantotoxicum, but 
mixed with other substances: produced by Bacil'- 
lus botuli'nus. [ < L. bot'ula sausage.] 
bot'u-lism, bot-u-lis'mus. = Allantiasis. 
bou'bou. =Booboo. 

Bouchardat’s reagent (bu-shar-daz). Potassium 
tri=iodide, used as a test for alkaloids, with which 
it gives a brown precipitate soluble in alcohol. 
B.’s treatment, a diet for diabetics, excluding 
substances rich in carbohydrates. 

Bouchard’s nodes or nodules 

(bush-arz). Nodules sometimes 
seen on the joints of the fingers 
and toes of persons affected with 
gastrectasis; Legendre’s node or 
nodule. 

bouchon (bu-shdh) An internal 

clot. [F.] 

Bouchut’s tubes (bu-shuz). Intu¬ 
bation tubes. 

bouc-ne'mi a. =Bucnemia. * 

Boudin's law (bu-dahz). The law 
which states that antagonism 
exists between malaria and tuber¬ 
culosis. B.’s solution, a weak 
aqueous solution of arsenous acid 
with wine. 

Bougard’s paste (bu-g 4 rz). A caus¬ 
tic paste for cancer, containing 
mercury bichloride, mercury sul¬ 
phide, zinc chloride, arsenic, 
starch, and flour. 

bougie (bu-zhi'). i. A slender in¬ 
strument for introduction into the 
urethra; also, larger, for the rec¬ 
tum, vagina, or oesophagus, 

Catheter; sonde. 2. A solid medicinal prep¬ 
aration, in the form of a taper, for introduction 
into the urethra, etc. Varieties of bougie are 
Acornstipped, Armed, Bellied (= fusiform). 
Caustic (= armed). Conical, Dilating, Fili- 


Varieties of 
Bougie. 


form. Fusiform, Soluble, and Wax. [F., “wax 
candle.’’] ^bouginage (bfi-zhi-n4zh), dilatation 
with a bougie. 

Bouillaud’s disease (bwi-y6z). = Endocarditis. 
B.’s tinkling, a peculiar metallic clink sometimes ^ 
heard in cardiac hypertrophy, to the right of the 
apex beat. 

bouillon (bul'ypn or bwi-ydfi). i. A broth made by 
boiling the flesh of animals in water, fs- Beef* 
TEA. 2. Proud*flesh; an excrescence composed 
of unhealthy granular structure: a term used 
mainly in farriery. B. cultures, bacteriological cul¬ 
tures in which bouillon is used as the medium. B. 
filtre, Denys’s tuberculin. [F.] 

Bouisson’s suture (bwi-sdnz). An intestinal suture 
made by passing pins in and out on each side of 
the wound and drawing it together with threads 
passed around the pins, 
bouk-ne'mia. =Bucnemia. 
bou-lim'ia. = Bulimia. 

Boul'ton’s solution. = Liquor iodi carbolatus. 
boun'da-ry tissue. Epidermal tissue. B. zone. i. 
The portion of the medullary substance of the 
kidney lying next the cortex. 2. {Of Lissauer.) 

* A tract of the anterolateral column of the spinal 
cord, situated behind the direct cerebellar tract, 
bound'ing pulse. =Caprizant pulse, 
bouquet (bfl-ce'). i. The special characteristic taste 
or flavor of wines. This is attributed to small 
quantities of ether formed by the union of alco¬ 
hol with various acids. 2. A bundle of nerves, 
blood*vessels, etc. B. of Riolan, the musculotendi¬ 
nous bundle inserted in the styloid process. [F.] 
Bourdin’s paste (bur-danz). An escharotic paste of 
nitric acid and sublimed sulphur, 
bourdonnement (bur-ddn-mofi). Any humming or 
buzzing noise, whether auscultatory or subjective. 

B. amphorique, an auscultatory noise heard in 
capillary bronchitis: it resembles the humming of 
a bee in a vase. [F.] 

bourdonnet (bflr-ddn-ne). A charpie (usually tied 
together in the middle) for introduction into 
wounds, fistulas, etc. [F., fr. bourdon staff.] 
bouton (bu-tdh). Any pimple, boil, or small erup¬ 
tive pustule. B. d’Alep = Oriental SORE. [F.] 
boutonniere operation (bu-ton-ni-#r). Operation for 
impervious stricture of the urethra. It consists 
in making an incision through the perineum into 
the urethra at or behind the position of the 
stricture, and thus reaching the bladder. [F., 
boutonniere buttonshole.] 

Bouveret’s disease (bfi-ve-rez). = Paroxysmal 

TACHYCARDIA. B.’s Sign, marked caecal distension 
and large elevation in the right iliac fossa: seen 
in intestinal obstruction of the large gut. 
bo'vine. Relating to or derived from cattle. B. 
heart = cor bovinum. B. hunger = bulimia. 

B. lymph, vaccine from a cow or a calf. B. tu¬ 
berculosis, tuberculosis. B. vaccine = B. 
LYMPH. B. variolation, variolation. 

Bowdich'ia ma'jor. A leguminous tree of Brazil 
whose bark, under the name of sucupira, is used 
in rheumatism and fevers, 
bow'el. The intestine, ts- Entrails. B. complaint, 
diarrhoea, especially in young children, 
bow'sleg. An outward bending of the legs at or 
below the knee . genu varum or genu extrorsum. 
Bow'man’s capsule. The invaginated, dilated, blind 
cortical extremity of a uriniferous tubule, sur¬ 
rounding the malpighian body ; malpighian cap¬ 
sule. B.’s corneal tubes, artificially dilated pas¬ 
sages produced within the fibrous layers of the 



BOXsBATH 


135 


BRACHY- 


comea during the process of forcible injection. 
B.’s disks, flat discoid plates rendered apparent 
by the transverse cleavage of striated muscular 
fibres. B.’s glands, cer¬ 
tain compound tubular 
serous glands of the olfac¬ 
tory mucous membrane. 

B.’s lamella, lamina, or 
membrane, a thin layer of 
especially dense connect¬ 
ive tissue between the 
true comeal tissue and 
its epithelium; Reichert’s 
membrane; it corresponds 
to a basement membrane 
in other parts. B.’s mus¬ 
cle == CILIARY MUSCLE. 

B.’s probe, a probe for 
examining and dilating 
minute canals, especially 
the lachrymal duct. B.’s 
sarcous element = mus- 
CLEsCASKET. B.’s tubes 

==B.’s CORNEAL TUBES. 

[Sir William Bowman, 

English physician, i8i6- 
1892.] 

box'sbath. A bath consist¬ 
ing of a box in which 
the patient is placed, his 

head being outside. It is ®foTm‘’°or®thrblnl‘s' 

supplied by pipes with (Piersol.) 

hot air or steam, and 

has a device for regulating the temperature. 

Boyer’s bursa (bwa-yez). = Subhyoid bursa. B.’s 
cyst, enlargement of the subhyoid bursa. B.’s 
splint, a splint for fracture of neck of femur. 

Boyle’s fuming liquor. A distilled mixture of sal 
ammoniac, 5 ozs.; sulphur, 5 ozs.; quicklime, 6 
ozs. It is applied to ulcers and wounds. 

Boyle’s law. The law that the volume of a given 
quantity of gas varies inversely with the pressure 
if the temperature remains the same. [ Robert 
Boyle, an English physicist, 1627-1691.] 

Boze'man’s catheter. A double current uterine 
catheter. B.’s suture, a form of button suture. 

Boz-zo'lo’s sign. Visible pulsation of the arteries 
in the nares: said to occur sometimes in aneurism 
of the thoracic aorta. 

brace. A surgical device for supporting a weak part. 

bracelets. Transverse lines rtmning across the 
palmar aspect of the wrist. 

bra'chia. PI. of brachium. 

brachial (bre'cial or brac'ial). Belonging to the 
arm. B. arch, the arch formed by the brachial 
fascia at the posterior edge of the axilla. B. 
artery, continuation of the axillary artery, run¬ 
ning along the inner side of the arm from the 
axilla to just below the elbow, where it divides 
into the radial and the ulnar artery; arteria 
brachialis^. B. diplegia, B. paralysis. B. 
glands, the lymphatic glands of the arm. B. mus¬ 
cle ==:brachialis ANTicus. B. paralysis, paraly¬ 
sis of one or both arms. When both arms are 
affected it is called B. diplegia. B. plexus, the 
plexus of nerves formed by the anterior divisions 
of the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth cervical 
nerves and part of the first dorsal nerve; plexus 
hrachialis*. This plexus supplies the whole upper 
extremity. B. triangle, a triangle including the 
inner surface of the arm, the outer surface of the 
chest, and the axilla. B. veins, two veins, 


branches of the axillary vein, which accompany 
the brachial artery and its distribution; venae 
brachiales*. [ < L. brachia'lis, fr. bra'chium arm.] 

bra-chi-al'gi a. Pain in the arm; neuralgia of the 
brachial plexus. 

brachia'lis an'ticus. A muscle on the lower front 
part of the arm, arising from the humerus about 
the insertion of the deltoid, and inserted into the 
coronoid process of the ulna; musculus brachi- 
alis*: it flexes the forearm. 

Brachi'nus crep'itans. The bombardier beetle, con¬ 
taining brach'i-nin, an antirheumatic extractive. 

brach'i o-. Denoting relation to the arm: a com¬ 
bining form. [< L. bra'chium, fr. ^paxiuv 
arm.] brach‘io-cap-su-la'ris = suBSCAPULARis. — 
brach*io-ce-phal'ic, both brachial and cephalic; 
pertaining to the arm and head, as B. artery — 
ARTERIA INNOMINATA: andB. = innominate 

VEINS. — brachd-o-cru'ral, relating to the arm 
and the thigh, as B. monoplegia, paralysis of one 
arm and one leg. — brach*i-o-cu'bi-tal ligament, 
the internal lateral ligament of the elbow^joint.— 
brach'i-o-cyl-lo'sis, crookedness of the arm. — 
brach'j-o-der'mal, relating to the skin of the arm. 

— brach*i-o-fa'ci al, relating to the arm and the 
face, as B. monoplegia or paralysis, monoplegia or 
paralysis affecting one arm and one side of the 
face.— brachd-o-fas-ci-a'lis muscle = supinator 
BREVIS ACCESSORIUS. — brach‘i-o-fa-ci-o-lin'gu al, 
pertaining to the arm, face, and tongue.— brach- 
i-on'cus, a hard swelling on the arm.— brach*i-o- 
ra'dial ligament, the external lateral ligament 
of the elbow=joint.— brach*i-o-ra-di-a'lis = su¬ 
pinator RADII LONGUS. — brach-i-ot'o-my, the 
removal of an arm by cutting, especially in de¬ 
livery. — brach-i-o-ple'gi a, paralysis of the arm. 

— brach'i-plex = BRACHIAL plexus. t^rach-i- 
plex'al. 

bra-chis‘to-ce-phal'ic. Having the transverse di¬ 
ameter of the head proportioned to its length as 
about 0.85 to I; having the head very short and 
broad. [ < (ipaxiorog shortest +KE^a'Xrj head.] 

brachium* (br6'cium orbrac'ium), pi. -chia. i. 
The arm, from the shoulder to the wrist; strictly, 
from the shoulder to the elbow, forming the arm 
proper. 2. Any arm=like process. Bra'chia 
conjuncti'va or B. of the optic lobes, two white 
tracts in the brain, one of which {anterior) con¬ 
nects the nates with the external geniculate body, 
the optic thalamus, and the optic tract, the other 
{posterior) , the testes with the internal geniculate 
body. Bra'chia copulati'va, the superior pedun¬ 
cles of the cerebellum. B. pon'tis*, the middle 
peduncle of the cerebellum; the pontibrachium. 
[L., fr. iSpax'iov arm.] 

BrachsRom'berg or Brach’s symptom. = Rom¬ 
berg’s SYMPTOM. 

brach'y-. Denoting shortness: a combining form. 
[<PpaxvQ short.] brach-y-au-che'ni a, shortness 
of the neck.— brach-y-car'di a = bradycardia. — 
brach-y-ceph'a-lism, brach-y-ceph'a-ly, the qual¬ 
ity of having a short head, viz., with a cephalic 
index of more than 80. It is distinguished as 
frontal, occipital, and temporal, according as it is 
most marked in the frontal, the occipital, or the 
temporal region. tl>rach-y-ce-phal'ic ; brach-y- 
ceph'a-lous. — brach-y-chei'li a, a congenital short¬ 
ness of the middle portion of the lip, causing uncov¬ 
ering of the teeth and part of the gums.— brach-y- 
cne'mic, having the leg proportionately shorter 
than the thigh.— brach-y-dac-tyl'i a, abnormal 
shortness, of fingers and toes; hypophalangia. 








BRACKETED SPLINT 


136 


BRANDE’S TEST 


— brach-y-gna'thi a, abnormal shortness of the 
lower jaw. fhrach-y-gna'thous. — brach-y-cer'- 
cic, having the forearm short as compared with the 
upper arm.— brach-y-me-tro'pi a, near-sighted¬ 
ness ; myopia, fbrach-y-me-trop'ic. — brach-y- 
pnoe'a, shortness of breath.— bra-chyp'o-dous, 
having short feet.— brach-yr-rhin'i a, abnormal 
shortness of the nose.— brach-y-staph'y-line, hav¬ 
ing the palatal index over 85: said of skulls.— 
brach-y-u-ran'ic, denoting a skull with a palato¬ 
maxillary index above 115. 

brack'e-ted splint. A splint of two pieces joined by 
brackets. 

brad'y-. Denoting slowness and sometimes dulness 
or bluntness: a combining form, Tacky-. 

[ < ( 3 paSvg slow.] brad-y-aes-the'si a, dulness of 
sense-perception. — brad-y-ar'thri a = bradyla¬ 
lia. — brad-y-car'di a, abnormal slowness of the 
heart’s action; spaniocardia- 1^EssEiq-TiAL b.; 
tachycardia; Adams-Stokes’s disease. — brad- 
y-cau'ma, a slow burning, as by the moxa. 
fbrad-y-cau'sis, the application of slow cau¬ 
tery.— brad-y-ci-ne'si a — bradykinesia. — brad'- 
y-crote, causing or having a slow pulse, fbrad- 
y-crot'ic.— brad-y-di-as-to'li a, brad-y-di-as'to-le, 
abnormal prolongation of the diastole.— brad- 
y-e-coi'a, partial deafness.— brad-y-es-the'si a = 
BRADY^STHEsiA. — brad-y-fi'biin = pseudofi¬ 
brin. — brad-y-glos'si a, slowness of speech due to 
defect of the tongue.— brad-y-ki-ne'si a, abnormal 
slowness of motion.— brad-y-la'li a, -lo'gi a, abnor¬ 
mal slowness of speech due to some central lesion; 
bradyarthria.— brad-y-ma-se''sis, slow or difficult 
mastication.— bra-dyn'o-sus, a chronic disease.— 
brad-y-pep'si a, slowness of digestion.— brad-y- 
pha'gi a, eating too slowly, Euphagia ; tachy- 
PHAGiA.— brad-y-pha'si a = BRADYLALIA.— brad- 
y-phra'si a, slowness of speech, as from exhaustion 
or mental inactivity.— brad-y-pnoe'a, slowness of 
breathing; labored breathing.— brad-y-sper'ma- 
tism, too slow emission of the semen.— brad-y- 
sphyg'mi a, slowness of the pulse.— brad-y-su'ri a 
= BRADYURiA. — brad-y-to'ci a, slow or delayed 
labor.— brad-y-troph'ic, characterized by a retar¬ 
dation of trophic processes, such as nutrition.— 
brad-y-u'ri a, difficult or slow passage of the urine. 

Bragan'tia tomento'sa. A bitter aristolochiaceous 
plant, native of Java: used as a tonic. 

Braille’s system. A system of relief points indicat¬ 
ing letters, words, and phrases, which the blind 
can read by touch. [ L. ij. ’06.] 

brai'dism. = Hypnotism. [< James Braid, an 
English writer 
on the subject, 

1795-1860.] 

brain. The whole 
nervous mass 
within the cra¬ 
nium, or skull, 
including the 
cerebrum, cer¬ 
ebellum, pons 
varolii, and 
medulla oblon¬ 
gata; encepha¬ 
lon^. k3“Met- 
ENCEPHALON ; 

prosencepha¬ 
lon; telen¬ 
cephalon; THALAMENCEPHALON. B.saxiS = B.s 
STEM. B.sbladder, any one of the embryonic 
cerebral vesicles. B.scase, the skull. B.scavity. 


I. The interior of the skull. 2. One of the ven¬ 
tricles of the brain. B.sfag, the exhaustive effect 
on the brain of mental overwork; cerebral wear¬ 
iness whereby the functionating activity is less¬ 
ened ; brain-tire. B.sfat, cephalot ; cerebrol , 
CEREBROT. B.sfcver, a popular name for various 
forms of congestive disturbance of the brain; cere- 
britis; meningitis. B.smantle, the main mass of 
the hemisphere, markedly fissured on the surface, 
pallium'^. B.smurmur, a systolic murmur some¬ 
times heard over the temporal region, especially 
in rickets. B.spalsy = Erb’s paralysis. B.span 
= CRANIUM. B.ssand = ACERVULUS*. B.sstem, 
the part of the brain consisting of the medulla, the 
pons, and the crura cerebri; rhombencephalon. 
B.ssoftelling, necrotic changes taking place in the 
brain, as from thrombotic endarteritis of the 
cerebral vessels. B.=storm, a sudden, but tem¬ 
porary, severe paroxysm of mental disturbance. 

Paranoia,. B.ssugar = CEREBRosE. B.sthrob, 
a throbbing in the head due to arterial pulsation. 
B.stire= B.-fag. B.=wax-= ceph alot. [< A.S. 
bragen or br(^gen.] 
brain'ward. Toward the brain. 

Braith'waite’s method. Treatment of carcinoma of 
the uterus by applications of zinc chloride, 
bran. The outer covering of wheat and other 
cereals, separated from the flour. ^ Furfur 
TRiTici. B.sbath, a bath containing boiled bran: 
useful in irritable skin diseases, as in leg ulcers. 
B.sbread, bread made of bran or of unbolted flour: 
used in constipation and in diabetes. B. disease, 
animal rickets as in the colt, 
branch. In anatomy, the several portions of blood¬ 
vessels, etc., as they divide like the branches of a 
tree; rawws*. 

bran'chi a. The gills of fishes, e^ Branchialclefts. 
bran'chial. Relating to or resembling gills. B. 
arches or bars = visceral arches. B. clefts, fis¬ 
sures, or openings, the lateral slit-like openings 
which exist in early embryonic life between the 
visceral arches, behind the head, or in the cer¬ 
vical region. In the human foetus they close very 
early, except the upper, which is changed into 
the external auditory apparatus. In some of the 
lower animals the lower clefts remain unclosed, 
becoming the gill-openings. e^Visceral clefts. 
B. fistula, fistula in the neck, the remains of an 
unclosed branchial cleft. [< Pp^ 7 X‘-^ giUs.] 
branching aneurism. = Cirsoid aneurism. B. 
processes, the protoplasmic processes of nerve- 
cells: contrasted wdth axis-cylinder processes, 
branch-i-og'e-nous. Formed from a branchial cleft, 
as B. cyst, B. fistula. 

branch-i-o'ma. A tumor connected with a bran¬ 
chial arch. 

branch'i-o-mere, a visceral arch or cleft. J branch- 
i-om'e-rism, the metameric division of the ento¬ 
derm. 

branch*i-o-tym-pan'ic gland. = Tympanic gland. 
Brand bath. A bath, the temperature of which is 
20° C. (68° F.): used in the treatment of typhoid 
fever and known as Brand’s treatment. Before 
immersion the patient is sometimes given a stimu¬ 
lant of brandy and has cold applied to his head, 
and after the bath he is dried between sheets. 
Various ingenious devices are on the market for 
giving baths without removing the patient from 
the bed. [Ernst Brand, German physician, 
1827-1895.] 

Bran'de’s test. A test for quinine, chlorine water 
and ammonia producing a green color. 





The Human Brain as Seen from 
the Right Side. See cut under 
encephalon. (Reduced.) 




BRANDOL 


137 


BREGMA 


bran'dol. A proprietary remedy for bums, contain¬ 
ing about 1% of picric acid dissolved in water. 
Brandt’s treatment. Treatment of diseased fallo¬ 
pian tubes by driving out their contents into the 
uterus by massage. 

bran'dy. The spirit distilled from wine; vinum 
adustum; aqua vits; spiritus vini gallici*. 
There are also varieties distilled from apples 
(cider), peaches, potatoes, etc. It is composed of 
alcohol, water, and an aromatic volatile oil, and 
is a diffusible stimulant and cordial, 
bran'ny kidney. A kidney having a brandike ap¬ 
pearance, due to fatty degeneration occurring in 
spots: seen in the first stages of chronic parenchy¬ 
matous nephritis. B. tetter, pityriasis. 

Brasdor’s operation (brd-dorz). An operation for 
aneurism in which the affected artery is tied close 
to, but on the distal side of, the sac. 
brash, i. A burning sensation in the stomach, 
with acid or acrid eructations. 2. Any eruption or 
rash. Watersb.= PYROSIS. Weaning b., a severe 
diarrhoea sometimes following weaning, 
bra-sil'in. A crystallizable bitter principle from 
Brazil wood, Ccesalpi'nia echina'ta: used as a dye. 
brass. An alloy of copper and zinc, 
brassage (bra-sazh). =Scrattage. 
brass'sfoun-ders’ ague or disease. Chronic poisoning 
due to the inhalation of the vapors from molten 
brass or from its component materials. The 
symptoms resemble intermittent fever. 

Bras'sica. A genus of cruciferous plants, including 
the cabbage, mustard, and turnip, 
bras'si-con. A preparation consisting of camphor, 
20 grs.; volatile oil of mustard, 12 mins.; oil of 
peppermint, i fl. dr.; ether, 2 fl. drs.; alcohol, 6 fi. 
drs.: used externally in headache, 
bras-sid'ic acid. An isomer of erucic acid, obtained 
from it by the addition of nitrous acid. 

Braune’s canal (brau'nfz). The parturient canal. 
BraunsFern'wald’s sign. An early indication of 
pregnancy, consisting in the presence of a longi¬ 
tudinal median groove and increased thickness of 
one half of the body of the uterus. 

Braun’s canal. =Neurenteric canal. B.’s test, 
a test for glucose, made by alkalinizing with so¬ 
dium hydrate and boiling with a solution of picric 
acid. A deep red color indicates glucose, 
braw'ny. Fleshy; muscular. B. induration, a thick¬ 
ening and hardening of the tissues occurring in 
inflammations. B. tetter, seborrhoea capitis. B. 
trachoma, 1^ trachoma. 

Brax'ton Hicks’s sign. Intermittent uterine contrac¬ 
tions, symptomatic of distention of the uterus by 
a foetus or a tumor. 

brax'y. A Scotch term for several different disor¬ 
ders of sheep, as anthrax. 

Braye'ra. A genus of rosaceous trees, consisting of 
a single species, B. anihelmin'tica, a native of 
Abyssinia; also, its female inflorescence, ts- 
Cusso*. It contains the bitter anthelmintic resin, 
bray'e-rin (kosin or koussin), CgjHjgOjQ. Dose, 
1.3 to 2.6 Gm. (20 to 40 grs.). 
bra'zen sound. = Bruit d’airain. 

Bra-zil' root. = Ipecac. B. wood, i^brasilin. 
fBra-zilT an, as B. ==oleobalsam: and 

B. ophthalmia, a form of ulceration of the cornea 
found especially among Brazilian negroes, 
bra-zil'in. = Brasilin. 

bread. Food made of the flour or meal of some 
cereal grain, especially wheat {Trit'icurn) \ panis. 

Almond b.; brown b.; graham b. B.scrumb, 
bread used in pharmacy, mainly as a vehicle in 


the making of pills and boluses; mica panis. B. 
paste, a watery paste prepared from bread and 
used in the culture of certain micro ^organisms, 
breadsandsbutter pericardium. A peculiar condition 
of the pericardium seen in pericarditis. It resem¬ 
bles a buttered slice of bread after another slice 
has been laid against it and then drawn away, 
bread'sfruit. = Artocarpine. 
breadth'sfeel-ing. The faculty or element in vision 
by which breadth or lateral direction is perceived, 
breadthsheight' index. = Transversovertical 
index. 

break. The interruption of an electric current, m- 
Make. B.sshock, the shock caused by breaking 
an electric current passing through the body, 
break'sbone fever. = Dengue. 
break'ing tetanus. Tetanic contraction occurring on 
breaking the circuit in a muscle through which a 
galvanic current is passing. B. voice, the harsh ir¬ 
regular voice of boys at the age of puberty. “ B. 
the nipple strings,” a folk=practice in Somerset 
and other English counties, consisting in the 
“working” of a newborn female infant’s nipple 
between thumb and fingers until a secretion termed 
“ milk” appears: believed to give the child a well* 
formed breast in afterlife. [T| L. ij.’06.] B. of 
the waters, the rupture of the fetal envelopes 
in childbirth. 

break'stone. =Alchemilla arvensis. 
breast, i. The mamma of females; the mammilla 
of males. 2. The thorax, or chest; pectus*. 
Specially named varieties are Broken, Chicken*, 
Cooper's irritable (= mastodynia), Hysteric, and 
PfgCOM* (= CHICKEN*). B.sbone = STERNUM. B.s 
milk, MILK. B.spain, in horses, an epizootic state 
in which the forelegs are weak and the head cannot 
be put to the ground. B.spang, angina pectoris. 
B. presentation, presentation of the chest in labor. 
B.spump = ANTLiA MAMMARIA. B. tea, a medic¬ 
inal infusion made from coltsfoot leaves 4 parts, 
althasa 8, Russian glycyrrhiza 3, anise 2, mullein 
2, and orris i part; species pectorales. 
breath. The air received and discharged by expan¬ 
sion and contraction of the lungs; halitus; spiritus. 
B. picture = PNEUMATYPE. B. pulse, a pulsation 
occurring simultaneously with each heart*beat, 
sometimes heard on placing the ear at the mouth 
of a person affected with pulmonary phthisis. B. 
sounds, respiratory sounds heard in auscultation, 
fbreath'ing = respiration, Mouth*breath- 
ING. B. capacity, the relative amount of air which 
one can forcibly expire after a full inspiration, 
bredouillement (brf-dwi-moh). A defective utter¬ 
ance, in which only a part of the words is pro¬ 
nounced. It differs from stammering in being 
produced solely by too rapid speech. [F.] 
breech. The nates or buttocks. B. labor, labor 
marked by breech presentation. B. presentation, 
the presentation of the sacrum or breech at the 
os uteri in labor; sacral presentation, 
breech'esssplint. A woven wire splint made in the 
shape of a pair of breeches, 
breeze, electric. =Aura electrica. 
breg'e-nin. A crystalline principle, 
ported to occur in the brain substance, 
breg'ma. The point of junction of the coronal and 
sagittal sutures; skullcap; sinciput"^. B. bones, 
the parietal bones. [ < (ipex^iv to moisten: so 
named because it was deemed to cover the most 
humid part of the brain.] tl’reg-mat'ic, as B. 
bones, the parietal bones: and B. fontanelle or 
space, the anterior fontanelle. 


BREGMATO- 


138 


BROAD LIGAMENT 


breg-mat'o-. Relating to the bregma: a combining 
form. [< Bregma.] breg-mat-osan-te'ri or pres¬ 
entation, presentation of the fetal head with the 
bregma toward the obturator foramen of the 
mother.— breg-mat-o-cot'y-loid presentation, pres¬ 
entation of the fetal head with the bregma 
toward the cotyloid cavity of the mother.— breg- 
mat‘o-lamb'doid arc, the arc measured on the 
skull along the sagittal suture from the bregma 
to the lambda.— breg-mat-o-pos-te'ri or presenta¬ 
tion, presentation of the fetal head with the 
bregma toward either sacro=iliac articulation. 
Br^guet’s thermometer (bre-gez). A metallic spiral 
thermometer. 

Brei'sky’s disease. = Kraurosis pudendi. 
Bre'men blue. Blue copper carbonate. B. green, 
green copper carbonate. 

Bre'mer’s test. A test for diabetic blood or urine. 
Bren'ner’s formula. A formula for the results of 
galvanic stimulation of the auditory nerve, as 
follows: When the anode is placed in the exter¬ 
nal auditory meatus, sound is heard only on 
breaking the circuit. With the cathode intro¬ 
duced, sound is heard with a closed circuit contin¬ 
uing during closure, and ceasing when broken. 
Brenz-ca'in. Guaiacolbenzyl ester: a local anaes¬ 
thetic having the advantages of guaiacol without 
causticity. [ Ger.] 

Brenz-cat'e-chin. = Pyrocatechin. fBrenz-cat’e- 
chin-u'ri a. [ Ger.] 

breph-o-tro'phi um. A foundlingshospital. 
Breschet’s canals (br^-sh^z). Canals in the diploe of 
the cranial bones, in which Breschet’s veins lie. 
B.’s sinus, the sphenoparietal sinus. B.’s veins, 
four large veins in the diploe of the cranium. 
Bres'lau fever. An epidemic which broke out in 
the Prussian army at Breslau in the middle of 
the last century. B. test, a test for live birth: if 
the entrails floated in water, the child was for¬ 
merly considered to have been born alive. 
Bretonneau’s angina (bre-toh-n6z). Diphtheria of 
the pharynx. 

brev-ex-ten'sor. Any short extensor muscle. B. 

digito'rum, the extensor brevis digitorum muscle, 
bre'via va'sa. “Short vessels,” branches of the 
splenic artery and vein distributed to the cardiac 
end of the stomach. 

brev-i-duc'tor. The adductor brevis muscle, 
brev-i-flex'or. Any short flexor muscle, 
brevis'simus oc'uli. The obliquus inferior, from its 
being the “ shortest [muscle] of the eye.” 
brew'ers’ yeast. The ferment obtained in brewing 
beer, and produced by saccharomycetes; beer 
yeast; barm. It is used as a stimulant in ty¬ 
phoid and hectic fever, as a preventive against 
boils, and in making yeast poultices. 

Brianfon manna (bri-dh-soh). A variety of manna 
found on the larch=tree, containing melezitose. 
brick'sdust deposit. A reddish deposit of urates 
frequently seen in urinals, 
brick'lay-ers’ itch. A local tetter, or impetigo, pro¬ 
duced on the hands of bricklayers by lime, 
brick'ma-kers’ disease or anaemia. == Ankylosto¬ 
miasis. 

bridge. The ridge of the nose, formed by the con¬ 
junction of the two nasal bones, Pons. B. 
coloboma, coloboma. B. of Tarinus = pons 
TAR iNi. B. of Varolius = PONS varolii. B.s 
work, the fitting of artificial crowns over spaces 
left by the loss of teeth, by fastening those 
crowns to a bridge which is supported on natural 
roots or teeth, Abutment. This does away 


with a “ plate,” but sometimes gives rise to infec¬ 
tion and pressure deformities, f^ridg'ing, as B. 
convolutions = annectent gyri. 
bri'dle. i. A loop or filament of tissue, such as may 
sometimes be found crossing the lumen of a vessel 
or passage, as the urethra; also, a band extend¬ 
ing from side to side of an ulcer. 2. ^ Fr^num. 
B. stricture, a fold of membrane stretched across 
a canal and partially obstructing it. 

Brie'ger’s bacillus. The Bacil'lus cavici'da. B.’s 
test, a test for strychnine, made by adding pure 
chromic acid, when a violet color is produced. 
BrightsBeat'ty’s friction sound. The rubbing^sound 
caused by inflammation of the pleura. 

Bright’s blindness. Partial or complete blindness 
occurring in uraemia. It may be temporary or 
permanent and independent of any changes in 
the optic disc or retina. B.’s disease, any one of 
a group of kidney diseases attended with albumi¬ 
nuria; morbus brighti. Nephritis, chronic 
and ACUTE. [The group was first described by 
Richard Bright, an English physician, 1789-1858.] 
fbright'ic. bright'ism, chronic nephritis. 

Brill’s disease. An acute infectious, rarely fatal, 
disease of unknown origin, and of two weeks 
duration; attended with chill, agonizing head¬ 
ache, fever on the fifth day, and a moderately ex¬ 
tensive maculopapular erythematious eruption, 
brim of the pelvis. The inlet or superior strait of 
the pelvis. It is formed or marked by the ilio- 
pectineal lines, and has in the rear the prom¬ 
ontory of the sacrum and in front the upper 
line of the symphysis pubis, 
brim'stone. == Sulphur. [A corruption of hren- 
stone, or burnstone, referring to its great com¬ 
bustibility.] 

brine. A strong solution of sodium chloride, or 
common salt. B. bath, a bath of brine. It is 
tonic and stimulant. B. test, a test for albumin 
in urine. The urine is carefully poured upon a 
reagent consisting of a saturated solution of 
sodium chloride acidulated with hydrochloric 
acid. A white ring forms if albumin is present. 
Brin'ton’s disease. Hypertrophy and hardening 
of the submucous tissue of the stomach. 

Briquet’s ataxia (bri-cez). Ataxia of the leg mus¬ 
cles, often seen in hysteria; hysterical ataxia, 
brisement (briz-moh). A forcible breaking in two. 
B. force (f^r-s6), the forcible breaking of a bony 
ankylosis or of bent long bones. [F.] 
brisespierre (bHz-pi-er). An instrument for break¬ 
ing stones in the bladder. ^ Lithotrity. [F.] 
bris'ket. The eating portion of the breast of domes¬ 
tic animals, in front of and between the forelegs. 
BrissaudsMarie’s syndrome (bri-s6sma-riz). Hys¬ 
terical glossolabial hemispasm, 
bris'tlescells. Peculiar ciliated cells at the distribu¬ 
tion of the auditory nerve in the saccule, utricle, 
and ampullae; hairscells. 

Brit'ish gum. = Dextrin. B. oil, a rubefacient 
liniment composed of oil of turpentine, linseed 
oil, oil of amber, oil of juniper, Barbadoes tar, 
and crude petroleum. Also, the oleum petrce vul- 
gare, or common oil of stone, a variety of petro¬ 
leum. B. thermal unit, 0.252 calories, 
brit'tle. Fragile; easily broken; in bacteriology, 
denoting a growth dry and friable under the 
platinum needle. 

broach. An instrument used in extracting the 
nerves from teeth, also for filling them, 
broad ligament, i. (Of the uterus.) An important 
suspensory attachment of the uterus, being a dou- 


BROADBENT’S SIGN 


139 


BROMINE 


ble layer of peritoneum extending from the sides 
of the uterus to the sides and floor of the pelvis 
and dividing the cavity of the latter into two por¬ 
tions; ala vespertilionis; ligamentum latum uteri'^. 
2. {Of the nape.) The occipitosaxial ligament. 3. 
{Of the lung.) A fold of pleura extending back¬ 
ward to the wall of the thorax. 4. {Of the liver.) 
The suspensory ligament. 

Broad'bent’s sign. A systolic tug to the diaphragm 
seen in adherent pericardium. 

broad tapeworm. = Dibothriocephalus latus. 

Bro'ca’s angles. 1^ Facial, occipital, and parie¬ 
tal ANGLES. B.’s aphasia, ataxic aphasia. B.’s 


9 8 



Skull Landmarks as Given by Broca. —i. Nasion. 2. 
Glabella. 3. Ophryon. 4. Pterion. 5. Metopion. 6. 
Inferior stephanion. 7. Stephanion. 8. Bregma. 9. 
Vertex. 10. Obelion. ii. Lambda. 12. Maximum 
occipital point. 13. Inion. 14. Asterion. 15. Auric¬ 
ular point. 16. Basion. 17. Gonion. 18. Gnathion. 
19. Prosthion. 20. Subnasion. 

area = area of broca. B.’s basilar angle = basi- 
oPic ANGLE. B.’s centre, the speechscentre of 
Broca’s convolution. B.’s convolution, that part 
of the left inferior or left third frontal convolution 
of the cerebrum which surrounds the vertical and 
horizontal divisions of the ascending limb of the 
sylvian fissure. It contains the speech ^centre. 
B.’s fissure = LIMBIC fissure, def. 2. B.’s hori¬ 
zontal = orbital PLANE. B.’s limbic lobe = LIM¬ 
BIC LOBE. B.’s plane == alveolocondylean 
PLANE. B.’s point = AURICULAR POINT. B.’S 
pouch or sac, a pear-shaped pouch situated in 
the labia majora; pudendal pouch or sac. It is 
the analogue of the dartos but contains no 
muscle fibres. [ < Paul Broca, a French surgeon, 
1824-1880.] 

Bro'die’s abscess. Circumscribed abscess of the 
head of the tibia or other bones: usually due to 
tubercle bacilli. Brodie advised trephining the 
affected bone: now use bismuth paste and plate. 
B.’s disease or knee, a synovitis of chronic type, 
in which the affected tissues have a soft and pulpy 
consistence; gelatinous synovitis. B.’s joint, hys¬ 
terical neuralgia of a joint. B.’s pain, pain occur¬ 
ring in articular neuralgia, due to folding of the 
skin. B.’s sign, a black spot on the glans penis, 
indicating extravasation of urine into the spongi¬ 
osum. 

bro'dium. Broth, a liquor in which anything is 
boiled, as B. sa'lis, a decoction of salt. 

bro-fer'rin. A preparation of oxyhaemoglobin com¬ 
bined with blood-serum. [ Eu. ’08.] 

^roiement (brwa-moh). i. Lithotrity. 2. A com¬ 
bination of discission and depression in operating 
for cataract. '[ F., “ grinding.”] 

Brok'aw ring. A segmented ring of rubber drain¬ 
age-tubing threaded with strands of catgut: used 
in intestinal anastomosis. 


bro'ken breast. Abscess of the mammary gland. 
B. circuit, ts* circuit. B. wind, dyspnoea in the 
horse, associated sometimes with heart disease: it 
is often paroxysmal. 

bro'mal. An oily, colorless, poisonous liquid, CBrg- 
CHO, used in medicine as an anodyne and hyp¬ 
notic, and externally as an irritant. Dose, 0.065 
to 0.3 Gm. (i to 5 grs.), in capsules. B. hydrate, 
a crystalline substance, CBrg.CHO + H^O, formed 
by the addition of water to bromal. It is used 
as a substitute for chloral hydrate in epilepsy. 
Dose, 0.065 to 0.3 Gm. (i to 5 grs.) 
brom-al'ba-cid. A compound of bromine (6%) 
and albumin: used like the bromides. Dose, 0.5 
Gm. (7i grs.). 

brom-al'bu-min, bro-mo=al'bu-min. A compound of 
bromine (10%) and albumin: used as an anti¬ 
epileptic. 

brom-al'de-hyde. A compound of bromine and 
aldehyde. 

bro'ma-lin. Bromethylformin, CgHjgN^CgHjBr, a 
colorless crystalline compound: it is used as a 
substitute for potassium bromide and does not 
cause bromism. Dose, 2 to 4 Gm. (30 to 60 grs.). 
brom-al'o-in. A yellow crystalline substance, Cjg- 
HjgBrgO,, produced by the action of bromine on 
barbaloin; tribromaloin. 

bro'ma-mide. A compound, CgHjBrgNH.HBr, said 
to contain 75% of bromine: used as an analgesic, 
antipyretic, and antirheumatic. Dose, 0.65 to i 
Gm. (10 to 15 grs.). 
brom-an'i-lide. =Antisepsin. 
bro'mate. A salt of bromic acid, t^ro'ma-ted, con¬ 
taining or combined with bromine. B. antifebrin 

= ANTISEPSIN. 

bro-ma-tog'ra-phy. A treatise on foods; a descrip¬ 
tion of different kinds of foods. [< / 3 pw^afood 
-\-ypa(f)eiv to describe.] 

bro-ma-tol'o-gy. The science of food. [</ 3 pd)//a 
iood + ?M-yog discourse.] 
bro-ma-tox'ism. Poisoning by food, 
bro'me-lin. A ferment, producing proteoses and 
peptones: it is related to trypsin and may be pre¬ 
pared from fresh pineapple juice, 
brom-eth'yl. Ethyl bromide, throm-eth'y-lism, poi¬ 
soning with bromethyl. 
brom-eth-yl-for'min. =Bromalin. 
bro'me-tone. An antiseptic and sedative of bromo- 
form and acetone. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 gi's.). 
brom-hae'mol. = Bromoh./Emol. 
bro'mic acid. A compound of bromine and oxygen, 
HBrOg. B. ether, ethyl bromide, 
bro'mide. A binary compound of bromine; a com¬ 
pound of bromine with a base. The bromides are 
cardiac and cerebral depressants, and are chiefly 
employed in the treatment of epilepsy. B. acne, 
a pustular eruption due to the therapeutic use 
of bromides. 

bro-mid'i a. A proprietary anodyne and hypnotic 
preparation, containing bromides, chloral, canna¬ 
bis, and hyoscyamus. 

bro-mid-ro-si-pho'bi a. Morbid fear of bodily odors, 
with delusions as to their perception. [<l 3 po)fiog 
stenchsweat+ fear.] 

bro-mi-dro'sis. Fetid perspiration. [< ( 3 po)/uog 
stench-I-1dpwf sweat.] 

bro'mil. A proprietary organic bromide preparation. 
bro'mine. An elementary body usually obtained 
from the residue of sea-water, called bittern: named 
on account of its powerful, suffocating odor. It 
is a liquid of a deep-red color, and is very caustic: 
sp. gr., 2.99; at. wt., 79.36; S5rmbol, Br. Bromum*, 



BROMINIUM 


140 


BRONCHIAL 


the bromine of the U. S. P., should contain not less 
than 97% of pure bromine. Bromine is one of the 
monad elements, and resembles chlorine in chemi¬ 
cal properties. It was formerly used externally 
in the treatment of hospital gangrene. The salts 
of bromine, called bromides, are cardiac and cere¬ 
bral depressants, and are extensively used and 
very valuable as h5rpnotics. B. chloride, a reddish* 
yellow liquid prepared by passing chlorine gas 
through bromine. It has been used internally in 
the treatment of cancer. B. penta-chloride, a very 
corrosive liquid, BrCl^, used as a caustic. B. 
water, a saturated aqueous solution of bromine, 
containing about 3% of bromine. [ < L. bro'mium, 
hromin'ium, or hro'mum*, fr. (ipufiog stench.] 
tbro'mi-na-ted. 

bro-min'i um. = Bromine. 

bro'mi-pin. A syrup of oil of sesame and 10% bro¬ 
mine. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). 

bro'mism, bro'min-ism. The morbid effects produced 
by the excessive or long*continued administration 
of the salts of bromine. These effects are mani¬ 
fested on the brain and spinal cord, on the skin, 
on the mucous membranes, and on the organs of 
circulation and respiration. There are often som¬ 
nolency, with headache, impaired memory, and 
loss of sexual power, and frequently acneiform 
eruptions on the skin; sometimes digestive dis¬ 
turbances are marked. The circulation and 
breathing may become feeble, with a pallid skin 
and cold extremities. 

bro'mo-. Relating to or containing bromine; occa¬ 
sionally, denoting stench: a combining form. [ < 
Bromine.] bro’mosa-ce'tic acid, a crystalline 
acid, CHjBr.COgH, formed by the action of 
bromine on acetic acid. — bro-mosan'i-lide = 
ANTiSEPsiN. — bro-mo-caf'fe-ine, a proprietary 
preparation containing caffeine: used for sick* 
headaches. — bro-mo-cam'phor, camphora 

MONOBROMATA*. — bro'mo-chlo-ra'lum, a proprie¬ 
tary antiseptic and disinfectant. — bro'mo-coll, 
-cole, a condensation*product of bromine, tannin, 
and gelatin, containing 20% of bromine. Dose, 
I to 5 Gm. (15 to 75 grs.).— bro-mo-for'mum*, 
bro'mo-form, a heavy, transparent, colorless, 
mobile liquid, consisting of 99% by weight of 
absolute bromoform (CHBrg), and 1% of absolute 
alcohol; tribromethane; methenyl tribromide: 
used in the treatment of whooping-cough and 
sleeplessness and as a local anaesthetic. Dose, 
0.2 Cc. (3 mins.), fbro'mo-form-ism, poisoning 
with bromoform. — bro-mo-gal'lol = gallobro- 
MOL. — bro-mo-hae'mol, haemol organically com¬ 
bined with 2.7% of bromine. Dose, i Gm. (15 
grs.).— bro'mo-hy-per-hi-dro'sis, a condition in 
which there is excessive and offensive perspiration. 
— bro-mo-i'o-dism, poisoning with bromine and 
iodine or with their compounds.— bro-mo-lith'i a, 
a proprietary remedy for gout. — bro-mo-ma'ni a, 
a form of mania induced by the continued use 
of bromides. — bro*mo-men-or-rhoB'a, the dis¬ 
charge of menses characterized by an offensive 
odor.— bro-mo-meth'ane = methyl bromide. — 
bro'mo-pan, a combination of flour and 1% of so¬ 
dium bromide.— bro-mo-phe'nol. i. =Bromol. 
2. =Orthomonobromphenol. 3. A substance 
obtained by the action of bromine on phenol; 
orthobromphenol: used in a i to 2% ointment in 
erysipelas.— bro'mo-phor, a proprietary prepara¬ 
tion containing dibromolaricenoleic acid: used in 
skin diseases.— bro-mo-pnoe'a, an odor of bromine 
on the breath.— bro-mo-py'rine, monobromantipy- 


rine, CijHjjBrNjO, a substance occurring in white 
crystalline needles, insoluble in cold water, solu¬ 
ble in alcohol and chloroform and somewhat 
in hot water. — bro-mo-selt'zer, a proprietary 
remedy for headache, which at one time at 
least contained acetanilide.— bro'mo-tan, bromo- 
tannin methyleneurea: applied in a 10% oint¬ 
ment or as a dustingspowder to cutaneous erup¬ 
tions, itch, etc.— bro-mo-thy'min, a proprietary 
combination of bromides and thyme: used in 
whooping-cough. 

bro'mol. Tribromophenol, CgHgBrgOH, a white, 
crystalline substance. It is antiseptic, disinfect¬ 
ant, and caustic. Used in solution of olive oil 
(i to 30) in diphtheria, and internally in cholera 
morbus and whooping-cough. Dose, 0.005 to 
0.015 Gm. to i gr.). In concentrated form 
it is used as a caustic in gangrene and ulcers. 

brom-phe'nol. = Orthomonobromphenol. 

bro'mum*. = Bromine. 

bro'mu-ral. A nerve sedative and somnifacient; 
alphamonobromisovalerylurea. Dose, 0.3 Gm. 
(5 grs.); as a soporific, 0.65 Gm. (10 grs.). 

bro'mu-ret. = Bromide. 

bronch-ad-e-ni'tis. Inflammation of the bronchial 
glands. 

bronch-ad-e-no-scir'rhus. Scirrhus of the bronchial 
glands. 

bronch-arc'ti a. = Bronchiarctia. 

bronch-em-phrax'is. The clogging of the bronchia. 

bron'chi a. The bronchial tubes, especially the 
smaller bronchial tubes, exclusive of the bronchi, 
or main branches, and the bronchioles, or smallest 
tubes. [Gr., pi. of (ipdyxiov, dim. of (ipdyxog 
windpipe.] 

bron'chi al. Belonging to the bronchia or bronchi. 
B. artery, a superior and an inferior branch of the 
thoracic aorta, supplying the bronchi and the 
parenchyma of the lungs. B. asthma, asthma ac¬ 
companied by a bronchial discharge; spasmodic 
asthma. B. branch = thymic artery. B. breath¬ 
ing = B. RESPIRATION. B. CalculUS = BRONCHO- 
LiTH. B. catarrh, acute bronchitis. B. cells = B. 
TUBES. B. crisis = BRONCHIOCRISIS. B.fluke = 
Distoma ringeri. B. fremitus, a vibration felt 
on percussing the wall of the chest when there is 
some secretion in the bronchial tubes. B. glands, 
lymphatic glands situated in the interspaces of 
the bronchial tubes; Vesalius’s glands; lympho- 
glandulae bronchioles*. B. hemorrhage = bron- 
CHOH.®MORRHAGiA. B. membrane, the mucous 
membrane lining the bronchi and the bronchial 
tubes. B. phthisis, tuberculosis of the bronchial 
glands. B. plexus, the pulmonary plexus. B. 
rale, 12^ rale. B. resonance, bronchophony. B. 
respiration, respiration of a blowing character, 
resembling the sound ch rather than the normal 
vesicular SH : heard over a consolidation, con¬ 
tracted lung, or cavity freely communicating 
with a bronchus. B. rings, the cartilaginous hoops 
of the bronchi. B. septum, the septum at the 
bifurcation of the bronchi. B. sound, the normal 
breathing sound of the bronchial tubes. B. spasm, 
spasmodic contraction of the muscular coat of the 
bronchial tubes, as in asthma. B. stimulant, a 
stimulating expectorant. B. tubes, the ramifica¬ 
tions of the air-passages of the lungs, beginning 
at the bronchi and terminating in the bronchioles, 
which end in the bronchial cells," dr air-sacs of the 
lungs. B. veins, the veins which accompany the 
bronchial tubes and empty into the azygous and 
superior intercostal veins. 


BRONCHIARCTIA 


141 


BROODsCAPSULE 


bron-chi-arc'ti a. Stenosis of the bronchial tubes, 
bron-chi-ec'ta-sis. Dilatation of a bronchus or of 
the bronchi. It rarely occurs except in connec¬ 
tion with some chronic pulmonary disease. It is 
cylindrical when it affects a tube uniformly for 
some distance, and sacculated when it occurs in 
sacs. ^Ectasis. [</ 3 p(i 7 ;i;of bronchus-fe/craaif 
dilatation.] 

bron'chio-. = Broncho-. bron'chi-o-cele==BRON- 
CHOCELE. — bron-chio-cri'sis, a paroxysm of 
dyspnoea caused by bronchial spasm, occurring 
in locomotor ataxia.— bron'chi-ole, a small bron¬ 
chial tube; hronchiolus*. — bron-chio-lec'ta-sis 
= BRONCHIECTASIS. — bron-chio-li'tis, bronchitis 
affecting the bronchioles; capillary bronchitis, 
as B. exudati'va, bronchiolitis marked by large 
quantities of sputum containing Curschmann’s 
SPIRALS. — bron’chio-ste-no'sis, contraction of a 
bronchus or of the bronchial tubes, as Spas¬ 
modic b. 

bron-chis'mus. Spasmodic contraction of bronchia, 
bron-chi'tis. Inflammation of the bronchi and 
bronchia. Acute b., cold in the chest, a disease 
marked by fever, coughing, dyspnoea, and pain, 
the degree of inflammation varying with the 
severity of the attack; bronchial catarrh. It is 
due to exposure to cold. Capillary b., bronchitis 
involving the finer divisions of the bronchial 
tubes and marked by severe fever and dyspnoea: 
often fatal. Catarrhal b., acute bronchitis. 
Cheesy b., a form sometimes occurring in pulmo¬ 
nary tuberculosis where the alveoli are filled with 
cells which have tmdergone caseous degeneration. 
Chronic b., a severe form, due to repeated ex¬ 
posure to cold and to neglect of acute attacks. It 
usually recurs every winter. Convulsive b.,whoop- 
ingscough. Dry b., a form in which there is very 
scanty expectoration. Epidemic b.= influenza. 
Fetid b., bronchitis marked by fetid expectora¬ 
tion ; putrid b. Mechanical b., bronchitis due to 
the inhalation of irritant particles. B. oblit'erans, 
a form in which fibrinous nodules fill the smaller 
bronchi. Plastic b., bronchitis characterized by 
the expectoration of bronchial casts composed of 
coagulated fibrin; croupous b.; fibrinous b. [ < 
L. bron'chia.] tl>roii"Chit'ic. 
bron'chi us. The sternothyroid muscle. [ L.j 
bron-chlem-mi'tis. A membraneslike inflammation 
of the bronchia; croupous bronchitis. [< ftpoy- 
Xog bronchus -t- “keppa husk.] 
bron'cho-. Relating to the windpipe; a combining 
form. [<. ( 3 pdyxog windpipe.] bron-cho-ae-goph'- 
o-ny = ^GOBRONCHOPHONY.— bron‘cho-blen-nor- 
rhoe'a, a form of chronic bronchitis in which there 
is an abundant discharge of purulent mucus: 
usually combined with bronchiectasis. — bron- 
cho-car-cin'i a, cancer of the windpipe and its 
branches.— bron-cho-cav'er-nous respiration, res¬ 
piration intermediate in character between bron¬ 
chial and cavernous respiration.— bron'cho-cele, 
an indolent swelling of the thyroid gland; goitre; 
tracheocele; Derbyshire neck, Cystic b. — 
bron'cho-ceph-a-li'tis = pertussis. — bron-cho- 
con-stric'tor, constricting the calibre of the air* 
passages of the lungs, fbron-cho-con-stric'tion. 

— bron-cho-di-la'tor, dilating the calibre of the 
air*passages of the lungs, fbron-cho-di-la'tion. 

— bron-cho-e-goph'o-ny = ^gobronchophony. 

— bron’cho-haem-or-rha'gi a, exhalation of blood 
from the lining membrane of the bronchial tubes; 
bronchial hemorrhage. — bron-cho-lem-mi'tis = 
bronchlemmitis. — bron'cho-lith, a concretionary 


mass found in a bronchus or in a bronchial tube; 
a bronchial calculus. — bron‘cho-me-di-as-ti'nal 
trunk, a lymphatic duct on the right side of the 
trachea, formed by the coalescence of the effer¬ 
ent vessels of the bronchial, cardiac, and inter¬ 
costal glands, and opening into the right lym¬ 
phatic duct. — bron-cho-mo'tor, affecting the 
calibre of the air*passages of the lungs.— bron- 
cho-my-co'sis, the presence of fungoid or schizo- 
mycetous vegetation within the air*passages, as 
B, aspergilli'na, inflammation of the larger 
bronchi caused by the fungus Aspergil'lus fumi- 
ga'tus. — bron‘chosoe-so-pha'ge al muscle, an occa¬ 
sional bundle of unstriated muscular fibres run¬ 
ning obliquely from the posterior wall of the left 
bronchus to the oesophagus.— bron-chop'a-thy, 
any disease of the air*passages.— bron-choph'o- 
nism, -choph'o-ny, the sound of the voice heard 
by means of the stethoscope over a bronchus in 
health. When heard over another part of the 
lung it indicates solidification of lung*tissue. 
Bronchophony with the patient whispering is 
called Whispered bronchophony. j^Pectorilo- 
QuiSM. Sniffing b., bronchophony accompanied 
with a sniffing sound, as of air drawn through 
the nose, fbron-cho-phon'ic.— bron'cho-plas-ty, 
plastic surgery of the trachea.— bron-cho-ple'gi a, 
paralysis of the bronchial tubes.— bron-cho-pleu'- 
ri-sy, bronchitis combined with pleurisy.— bron- 
cho-pneu-mo'ni a, inflammation of the bronchia 
and lungs; catarrhal pneumonia.— bron-cho- 
pul'mo-nary, relating to the bronchi and the 
lungs: said of certain nerves.— bron-chor-rha'gia, 
hemorrhage from the bronchia. — bron-chor- 
rhoe'a, increased discharge of mucus from the 
bronchia, as B. sero'sa, a form of chronic bron¬ 
chitis marked by an abundant, foamy, semi* 
liquid, serous discharge. — bron'cho-scope, an 
instrument for the inspection of the bronchial 
tubes. t bron-chos'co-py. — bron'cbo-spasm = 
BRONCHIAL SPASM.— bron-cho-stc-no'sis = bron- 
CHiosTENOSis. — bron-chot'o-my, the operation 
of cutting into the bronchus or windpipe; special 
varieties are laryngofission, laryngotomy, 

LARYNGOTRACHEOTOMY, and TRACHEOTOMY. 

fbron'cho-tome. — bron-cho-tra'che al, pertaining 
to the bronchi and the trachea.— bron-cho-ty'- 
phus, typhus fever combined with some bronchial 
affection.— bron-cho-ve-sic'u-lar, both bronchial 
and vesicular, as B. respiration, respiration having 
a quality intermediate between bronchial and 
vesicular; the pitch is high and the expiration 
sound prolonged. It is heard in health over the 
sternal portion of the infraclavicular region and 
the upper part of the interscapular region. In 
other regions it indicates consolidation of lung* 
tissue. 

bron'chus, pi. bron'chi. i. One of the two main 
branches of the trachea. 2. The trachea. [< 
( 3 p 6 yxog windpipe.] 

Bron'son’s method. Hypodermic injections of mer¬ 
curials into the base of a primary syphilitic lesion 
and into the inguinal glands. 

bronze. A compound metal or alloy, consisting of 
copper with a small proportion of tin: similar to 
bell*metal. B. liver, a dark metallic*colored liver, 
in chronic malarial poisoning. fbronzed, as B. 
diabetes, diabetes: and B. skin, one of the 
symptoms of Addison’s disease, Ru bigin. 

brood'scap-sule. A cyst in which taenia heads are 
developed. ^Echinococcus. B.scells, mother 
cells containing daughter cells. 


BROOKE’S PASTE 


142 


BRUSH 


Brooke’s paste. A paste composed of oleate of 
mercury, ichthyol, zinc oxide, salicylic acid, starch, 
and petrolatum. 

brook'lime. =* Veronica beccabunga. 
broom. The plant Spar'iium scopa'rium, or Sa- 
rotham'nus scopa'rius. 
broth. = Bouillon. 

broussaisism (bru-s^Tzm). Broussais’s dogmatic 

theory of disease, in which the irritability of the 
mucous membrane of the alimentary canal was 
made a point of the first importance. [ < F. J. V. 
Broussais, a French physician, 1772-1838.] 
brow. The superciliary ridge; also, the forehead or 
either lateral half thereof. B.sache or sague, su- 
pra^orbital neuralgia. B. presentation, presenta¬ 
tion of the brow of the foetus in labor. B.sspot, 
the interocular gland, as of the frog or the toad, 
brown atrophy. Atrophy accompanied by brown 
discoloration. B. bread, bread made of wheat, 
maize, and rye. B. induration, induration accom¬ 
panied by brown discoloration. B. layer = lamina 
FUSCA*. B. mixture, the compound mixture of 
liquorice. B. oedema, infiltration and induration 
of the lungs with a brown fluid. B. ointment = 
UNGUENTUM FUscuM. B. parallel striae = Ret- 
zius’s PARALLEL sTRi^. B. Softening of the 
stomach, post-mortem alteration in the stomach, 
due to the conversion of the blood in the vessels 
of the stomach into a brown pigment, with which 
the surrounding tissues become infiltrated. B. 
study, mental abstraction, or re very. 

Browne’s (Crichton) sign. Tremor of the outer 
angles of the eyes and the labial commissures, as 
an early indication of paralytic dementia, 
brown'i an movement. Irregular oscillatory or danc¬ 
ing movement of microscopic particles suspended 
in a liquid. s^Brunonian. 
brown'ing. A preparation of sugar, port wine, spices, 
etc., for coloring and flavoring, 
brown'ism. =Brunonian theory. 
BrownsSequard’s disease or paralysis (braun-se-carz). 
Paralysis of motion on one side of the body with 
paralysis of sensation on the other side: due to 
lesion of one side of the cord. B.sS.’s sign, hemi- 
paraplegia with crossed hemianaesthesia in lesions 
of the lateral half of the cord. B.sS.’s treatment, 
organotherapy. 

Bru'cea suma'tra'na. Kho-sam. 

Bruce’s septicaemia. = Malta fever. 

Bruch’s aggregate glands or clusters. Lymph-folli¬ 
cles said to exist in man in the conjunctiva of the 
lower eyelid. B.’s membrane = lamina vitrea. 
bru'cine. An alkaloid, C23H2gN204, discovered in 
false Angustura bark and in Nux vom'ica. It is of 
pearly-white color, very bitter, poisonous, but less 
active than strychnine. 

Bruck’s disease. A disease characterized by marked 
deformity and fractures of the bones, numerous 
joint-ankylo.ses, and muscular atrophy. 

Briicke’s muscle (brii'cez). The longitudinal por¬ 
tion of the ciliary muscle. B.’s test. i. A test 
for bile-pigments in urine, made by shaking with 
nitric acid and then slowly adding sulphuric acid. 
Color reactions are produced, depending on the 
pigment. 2. A precipitation test for proteids 
made with hydrochloric acid and potassio*mer- 
curic iodide. 3. A test with fusel oil for urea. 
Brud-zin'ski’s contralateral reflex. Concomitant re¬ 
flex of the leg on one side when passive flexion of 
the leg is made on the other side: seen in menin¬ 
gitis. B.’s neck sign, passive flexion of the head 
forward, the other hand being pressed on the 


chest: in meningitis flexion of the legs at the hips 
and knees and a marked flexion of the legs on the 
pelvis occurs. 

Bruggiser’s hernia (brti-gi-zez). = Properitoneal 
HERNIA. 

bruise. = Contusion. 

bruissement (bru-is-mon). = Purring tremor. [F.] 

bruit (brii-i). A sound or murmur, especially an 
abnormal one, produced in the body or evolved 
by percussion, Murmur; souffle; sound. 
B. d’airain, “brazen sound,” a metallic tinkling 
heard over the chest. B. de clapotement, a splash¬ 
ing sound heard on palpation in cases of dilata¬ 
tion of the stomach. B. de craquement, “ crack¬ 
ling sound,” a sound caused by friction of the 
pericardium in certain diseased conditions; B. de 
cuir neuf, “sound of new leather.” B. de diable, 
“ sound of the diable" (a toy), the buzzing sound 
heard in the veins in anaemia: probably due to a 
whirling motion of the blood. B. de drapeau, 
“ flag sound,” a sound resembling the rustling of 
a flag, heard in croup and in cases of growths 
within the larynx and the trachea. B. de froisse- 
ment, “ sound of collision,” a French term applied 
to certain sounds of the lungs or heart. B. de 
frottement, a. friction or rubbing sound. B. 
de galop, a cardiac sound resembling a gallop, 
heard in mitral stenosis; gallop rhythm. B. de 
Leudet, a fine crackling sound in the ear, ob¬ 
served in catarrhal and nervous affections of that 
organ. It is audible to both patient and listener. 
B. de lime, “ sound of a file,” a filing cardiac mur¬ 
mur similar to B. de scie. B. de moulin, “ water¬ 
wheel sound,” a sound of friction mingled with 
splashing and gurgling, heard in some heart 
affections, especially pneumohydropericardium. 
B. placentaire = PLACENTAL souffle. B. de pot 
fele, “sound of a cracked pot,” a .sound some¬ 
times h6ard on percussion when a cavity in the 
lungs is filled with air. B. de rappel, “sound of 
a drum,” a cardiac sound resembling the roll of a 
drum, due to a delayed mitral murmur. B. de 
scie, “sound of a saw,” a to-and-fro sound like 
that of sawing wood, produced by an aortic dias¬ 
tolic murmur associated with a systolic one. B. 
skodique = skodaic tympany. B. de soufflet, 
“ bellows-sound,” a sound sometimes heard dur¬ 
ing the contraction of the auricles and ventricles 
of the heart; bruit de souffle, or “blowing sound.” 
B. tympanique, “tympanic sound,” ^tym¬ 
panites. [F., “noise.”] 

brunette (bru-n^t')- i. A female of a dark com¬ 
plexion, and with dark hair. 2. Dark in com¬ 
plexion. [F., dim. of brun brown.] 

Brun'ner’s glands. The tubuloracemose follicles 
in the mucous membrane of the duodenum; duo¬ 
denal glands; glandulae duodenales [Brunneri}*. 

Brunn’s epithelial nest. A cell-nest, especially a clus¬ 
ter of epithelial cells occurring in normal ureters. 

bru-no'ni an theory, bru-no'ni-an-ism. A theory or 
system of John Brown, of Edinburgh, that dis¬ 
eases result either from excess (sthenic) or defi¬ 
ciency (asthenic) in systemic excitability. ^ 
Brownian. 

Bruns'wick green, i. Copper oxychloride, used as 
a green dye. 2. Green copper carbonate. 

brush. An implement composed of bristles or 
flexible material fastened to a handle. Various 
kinds, as the nasal, pharyngeal and stomach h., 
are used in medicine for local application of 
remedies. B.sbum, a wound produced by severe 
friction; friction-bum. B.scells ==glia cells. 


BRYANT’S AMPULLA 


143 


BUCCOPHARYNGEAL 


Bry'ant’s ampulla. The apparent distention of an 
artery just above a ligature, caused by the clot 
filling the vessel and by the shrinking of the por¬ 
tion not filled by the clot. B.’s method, treat¬ 
ment of fractures of the femur in children by 
flexing the legs at right angles to the body and 
holding them in position by a bar. B.’s opera¬ 
tion, lumbar colotomy by an oblique incision 
between the iliac crest and the lowest rib. B.’s 
testsline, a horizontal line from the trochanter 
major meeting at right angles a vertical line from 
the anterior superior spine of the ilium, the 
patient being in the horizontal position. If the 
line is shorter on one side than on the other, it 
shows shortening in the neck of the femur. B.’s 
triangle, the iliofemoral triangle. 

Bryce’s test. A test for the success of a vaccination, 
by revaccinating the person with virus developed 
from the former vaccination. If the first was 
successful, the second will rapidly overtake it. 
bryg'mus. Gnashing or grating with the teeth; one 
of the symptoms in certain diseases. [ < I 3 pvy/i 6 g, 
fr. to gnash with the teeth.] 

bry'o-cyte. The living parasite by which prolifera¬ 
tion of cells is caused. [< (Spvecv to proliferate 
+ KVTog cell. Dl. ’o6.] fhry-o-cyt'ic. 
bry-oi'dine. A neutral crystalline substance, zfCjg- 
Hjg) + 3H2O, one of the constituents of elemi. 
bry-o'nia, bry'o-ny. The 1890 U. S. P. name for 
the root of Bryo'nia al'ba and Bryo'nia dioi'ca. 
It is an active hydragogue cathartic, but if too 
largely administered is apt to cause inflammation 
of the alimentary mucous membrane. Dose of 
powdered root, 1.3 to 4 Gm. (20 to 60 grs.). It 
contains bry'o-nin, a bitter and poisonous gluco- 
side, C^gHggOjg: used as a hydragogue and as a 
drastic purgative in doses of 0.13 Gm. (2 grs.). 
When this substance is treated with acids bry-o- 
re'tin, CgiHggOy, is formed, 
bry-o-plas'tic. Characterized by a growth, as by 
the proliferation of cells or by the presence of 
some parasitic organism. [< [Spvetv to grow + 
TzXaaTLKdg moulding.] 

Bry'son’s sign. Decreased power of thoracic expan¬ 
sion during inspiration: sometimes seen in exoph¬ 
thalmic goitre and neurasthenia, 
bu-an-thro'pi a. A form of delusion in which the 
patient believes himself an ox. [< [ 5 ovg ox + 
avOpiOKog man.] 
bub'ble fever. Pemphigus. 

bub'biing rales. Bubbling sounds in breathing, 
caused by the passage of air through mucus in 
the trachea, bronchi, or bronchioles, 
bu'bo. The inflammatory swelling of a lymphatic 
gland, particularly in the groin or the axilla: usu¬ 
ally of gonorrhoeal or syphilitic origin. Acute b., 
a bubo either simply sympathetic, or complicated 
by specific infection from a venereal ulcer: often 
secreting an infective pus. Bulletsb.jthe charac¬ 
teristic hard bubo of primary syphilis. Chan¬ 
croidal b., virulent bubo. Gonorrhoeal b., a bubo 
following gonorrhoea. Indolent b., a bubo which 
continues hard and painless, and shows no ten¬ 
dency to suppurate. Parotid b. = parotitis. 
Pestilential b., one associated with plague. Prima¬ 
ry b.=BUBON d’emblee. Scrofulous b., scrofu¬ 
lous swelling of a lymphatic gland. Simple b., 
sympathetic bubo. Strumous b., a bubo marked 
by a chronic inflammatory infiltration of the 
surrounding connective tissue, leading often to an 
enormous diffuse swelling of the entire side of the 
groin. Suppurative b., a bubo which has broken 


down into pus. Sympathetic b., a bubo caused by 
injury or irritation and not due to specific infec¬ 
tion; simple bubo. Syphilitic b., an indolent bubo 
caused by absorption of syphilitic poison. Ve¬ 
nereal b., bubo occurring in venereal affections 
and including gonorrhceal b., syphilitic b„ and 
virulent b. Virulent b., a suppurative bubo occur¬ 
ring with chancroid. [< jSovjSuv groin.] thu- 
bon'ic, as B. plague, a contagious disease occur¬ 
ring as an epidemic, and marked by fever, deliri¬ 
um, and swelling of the lymphatic glands of the 
axilla, neck, or groin. ^ Plague. 
bubon d’emblee (bfi-bdn doh-ble). A bubo occim- 
ring after venereal exposure without any preced¬ 
ing symptoms. [F.] 

bu-bo-nad-e-ni'tis. Inflammation of a gland or 
glands in the groin. 

bu-bo-nal'gi a, -nal'gy. Pain in the groin, 
bu-bon'o-cele. Inguinal hernia in which the bowel 
protrusion is limited to the region of the groin, 
bu-bo-non'cus. An inguinal bubo or swelling, 
bu-bon'u-lus. Inflammation of a lymphatic gland 
of the penis; Nisbet’s chancre. [Dim. of L. bu'bo.'] 
bu-car'di a. Extreme enlargement of the heart, due 
to hypertrophy and dilatation; cor bovinum. [ < 
jSovg oyi + Kapdia heart.] 

buc'ca*. The cheek; the hollow of the cheek; the 
mouth. [L.] 

buc'cal. Belonging to the cheek. B. artery, a 
branch of the internal maxillary artery, supplying 
the buccal muscles; arteria buccinatoria*. B. cav¬ 
ity, the cavity of the mouth. B. coitus = irruma- 
TioN. B. fatspad, a large mass of fat lying be¬ 
tween the buccinator and masseter muscles. B. 
glands, numerous follicles situated beneath the 
mucous layer of the cheek; glandulae buccales*. 
B. line or furrow, the genal line; a line on the 
face of certain infants, running from the mouth 
nearly to the malar bone. It is held to be path¬ 
ognomonic of gastrosintestinal disease. ^Jade- 
lot’s LINES. B. membrane, the mucous mem¬ 
brane lining the interior of the mouth. B. nerve, 
a nerve generally arising from the inferior maxil¬ 
lary; buccolabialis: it sends its branches to the 
buccinator muscle. B. portion (of the pharynx), 
the portion of the pharynx back of the mouth 
and below the soft palate. B. psoriasis = leuco- 
PLAKiA BuccALis. B. respiration, mouthsbreath- 
ing. B. teeth, the bicuspids and molars, so called 
because situated on the inside of the cheeks. B. 
vein, a vein of the cheek emptying into the facial 
vein. [ < L. bucca'lis, fr. buc'ca cheek.] 
buc-cel-la'tion. The arrest of hemorrhage by apply¬ 
ing a small compress of lint. [< L. buccel'la 
mouthful.] 

buc-ci-lin'gu al. Relating to the cheek and tongue, 
buc-ci-na'to-la-bi-a'lis. The buccinator and orbic¬ 
ularis oris muscles, regarded as one muscle. [ L.] 
buc'ci-na-tor. The trumpeter’s muscle, the flat 
muscle forming the wall of the cheek; musculus 
buccinator*: so called as being much used in blow¬ 
ing the trumpet. B. artery = buccal artery. 
B. nerve, the buccal nerve, a branch of the infe¬ 
rior maxillary; nervus buccinatorius*. [< L. 
buccina're to sound a trumpet.] 
buc-co-cer'vi-cal. Relating to the cheek and neck, 
buc-co-la'bi al. Relating to the cheek and lips. 
buc‘co-la-bi-aTis nerve. = Buccal nerve. 
buc*co-pha-ryn'ge al. Pertaining to the mouth and 
the pharynx. B. fascia, a thin layer of fascia 
covering the buccinator muscle and continued 
over the pharynx; fascia buccopharyngea*. 


BUCCULA 


144 


BULBO- 


buc'cu-la. The fleshy part under the chin; double 
chin. [L., dim. of buc'ca cheek.] 

Buch'ner’s alexins. Bactericidal substances nor¬ 
mally present in the blood even in non^immune 
persons. B.’s humoral theory, a theory of immu¬ 
nity which assumes a reactive change in the inte¬ 
gral cells of the body, as the result of the primary 
affection, from which there has been recovery, 
this change being protective against similar attacks 
of the same kind, m- Metchnikoff’s theory. 
B. tube, a tube suitable for culturing in nitrogen, 
bu'chu*. I. The name of various species of Baros'- 
ma. 2. The U. S. P. name for the dried leaves of 
Baros'ma hetuli'na (Fam. Ruta'cecs). It is diu¬ 
retic, and is used in diseases of the urinary organs, 
such as chronic catarrh of the bladder, etc. Dose, 

2 Gm. (30 grs.). ^ Fluidextractum buchu*. 
Buch'wald’s atrophy. Idiopathic diffuse progressive 
atrophy of the skin. 

buck'bean. =Menyanthes trifoliata. 
buck'et fever. = Dengue. 

buck'eye. Any one of several species of Ms'culus. 
buck'horn, buck'hom=brake. The royal fern, 
Osmun'da rega'lis: popularly believed to have 
medicinal virtues. 

Buck’s extension. Extension for fracture of the 
thigh, effected by attaching weights over a pulley 
to the leg and raising the foot of the bed, so that 
the weight of the body acts in producing counter¬ 
extension. B.’s fascia, fascia of the penis formed 
by an extension of the superficial perineal fascia. 
B.’s operation, cuneiform exsection of the patella 
and the ends of the tibia and fibula, 
buck'thorn. ^ Frangula. 
buc'ku. = Buchu*. 

buck'wheat. An annual polygonaceous plant, Fago- 
py'rum esculen'tum or Polyg'onum fagopy'rum, a 
native of Asia. It is cultivated for food in the 
United States and Europe, 
buc-ne'mi a. A disease of the leg, distinguished by 
tense, diffuse, inflammatory swelling. B. tro'pica, 
“tropic bucnemia,” elephantiasis Arabum. 
bud'ding. = Gemmation. 

Budd’s jaundice. Acute yellow atrophy of the liver. 
Budge’s centre. The genitospinal centre. 

Biihlmann’s fibres (btil'manz). Lines formed in 
decayed teeth due to the Bacte'rium line'ola. 
buf'fa-lo moth or carpetsbeetle. A small beetle, 
Anthre'nus scrophula'ncB, introduced into the 
United States in 1874; very destructive to 
carpets, furs, etc. 

buf'fy coat. The buff* colored stratum on the sur¬ 
face of a blood*clot when coagulation is com¬ 
pleted, due to settling of the red blood*corpuscles 
from delayed coagulation; crusta phlogistica; 
corium phlogisticum. It was formerly regarded 
as an indication of inflammatory conditions. 

Bu'fo vulga'ris. The common toad. From its 
parotid glands and skin are obtained bu-fo-ta'lin, 
CjigHjziOog, a toxic substance, acting on the heart 
but not affecting the nervous centres; and bu-fo- 
te'in, which exerts a powerful paralyzing action 
on the heart. tl>u'fi-din, a reputed poison, from 
the venom of certain toads; phrynin. 
bug'bane. =Cimicifuga racemosa. 
bug'ge-ry. Unnatural sexual congress, 
bu'gle-weed. = Lycopus virginicus. 
buhach (biff'hatsh). Insect powder, or the plant 
which produces it, especially Pyrethrum car- 
NEUM. [SerbosCroatian, “ fleabane.”] 

Buhl’s disease, i. Fatty degeneration of tlie’Vi’s^.^ 
cera of the newsbona, with hemorrhages in vari¬ 


ous parts of the body. 2 . = Icterus neonato¬ 
rum. B.’s pneumonia, desquamative pneumonia, 
in which the exudate consists principally of the 
desquamated epithelia of the alveoli. 

Buist’s method. A method of artificial respiration 
in the new*born whereby the babe is alternately 
held on the stomach and back. 

Bu'lam or Bu-la'ma boil. A form of Oriental 
SORE. B. fever, the yellow fever of the West 
African coast, fhu'la-mize. 
bulb. I. In botany, a globular, coated body, solid, 
or composed of fleshy scales or layers; a sub¬ 
terranean leafsbud with fleshy scales, or an ex¬ 
tremely short subterranean stem, radicating be¬ 
neath. 2. A portion of the body resembling a 
bulb; a rounded swelling; bulbus. 3. The 
medulla oblongata. B. artery, a branch of the 
internal pudic, distributed to the erectile tissue of 
the bulb and corpus spongiosum of the penis. B. 
of the aorta, the foremost of the three portions of 
the primitive cardiac vessel of the embryo; aortic 
or arterial bulb; bulbus arteriosus. From it the 
aorta and the pulmonary artery are developed. 
B. of the cornu, a prominence in the inner wall of 
the posterior cornu of the lateral ventricle of the 
brain, above the hippocampus minor, caused by 
a part of the forceps major projecting into the 
cavity. B. of the corpus cavernosum, the en¬ 
larged portion near where each corpus cavemo- 
sum joins with its fellow. B. of the corpus spongi¬ 
osum = bulb OF THE URETHRA. B. of the eye, 
the eyeball. Bs. of the fornix = corpora al- 
BicANTiA. B. of hair = hairsbulb. B. of 
Krause = Krause’s endsbulbs. B. of the ovary 
or of Rouget, the plexus of veins and arteries of 
the ovary. B. of the urethra, the bulb dike com¬ 
mencement of the corpus spongiosum penis; bul¬ 
bus urethras*: hence the included urethra is called 
the bulbous portion. B. of the vagina or of the 
vestibule. — bulbus vestibuli*. [ < L. burbus.] 
bul'bar. Relating to a bulb, particularly the bulb 
(medulla oblongata). B. anaesthesia, anaesthesia 
which is the result of lesion of the medulla ob¬ 
longata or of the pons. B. apoplexy, apoplexy 
due to effusion into the medulla oblongata. B. 
artery = BULB artery. B. ataxia, ataxia from 
lesion of the medulla oblongata. B. canal = 
Petit’s CANAL. B. conjunctiva, conjunctiva. 
B. disease = B. paralysis. B. myelitis, mye¬ 
litis. B. paralysis, paralysis having its origin in 
degeneration of the nerve nuclei of the medulla 
oblongata. The facial muscles, and those of the 
tongue, pharynx, larynx, etc., are affected. The 
disease is progressive, usually confined to the 
latter half of life, and the prognosis is grave. 
Among the synonyms are association, Duchenne’s, 
glossolabial, glossolabiolaryngeal, glossolaryngeal, 
inferior nuclear, labioglossal, labioglossolaryngeal, 
and labioglossopharyngeal paralysis. B. tract, 
any of the fibre tracts in the medulla oblongata, 
bul'bi vestib'uli. PI. of bulbus vestibuli. 
bul'bo-. Denoting or relating to a bulb: a combin¬ 
ing form. [<L. bul'bus bulb.] buPbo-cav-er- 
no sus = accelerator urin..e. — bul-bo-cav'er- 
nous glands = Cowper’s glands. B. reflex, a 
sudden reflex contraction of the ischial and bul¬ 
bocavernous muscles, induced by irritation of the 
glans penis.— bul-bo-nu'cle ar, relating to the 
nerve nuclei of the medulla oblongata.— bul-bor- 
rhex'is, rupture of the eyeball. — bul-bosu-re'- 
thral glands = Cowper’s glands. — buPbosu-re- 
thra'lis = accelerator urin.®. 


BULBOUS 



145 BURDACffS COLUMNS 


bul'bous. Having bulbs, or full of bulbs; also, like 
a bulb. B. bougie, a slendersshafted bougie hav- 
>ing a bulb at the tip, used in exploring. B. fin¬ 
gers, fingers with enlarged ends and incurved 
nails, sometimes seen in cyanosis and phthisis. 
B. nerves, nerves in a stump after amputation, 
which become swollen at the ends and sometimes 
painful. B. portion of the urethra, i^bulb of 
THE URETHRA. 

bul'bus. =Bulb. ,B. arterio'sus = bulb of the 
aorta. B. cine'reus = BULBUs olfactorius*. 
B. forni'cis, a corpus albicans. B, medul'lae 
spina'lis, the, medulla oblongata. B. oc'uli*, the 
eyeball. B. olfacto'rius*, the rudimentary olfac¬ 
tory lobe, which in man is represented by that 
portion of the olfactory nerve which expands 
into a bulbdike form and rests upon the crib¬ 
riform plate of the ethmoid bone. B. pi'li = 
hair=bulb. B. rachid'icus, the medulla oblon¬ 
gata. B. ure'thrae* = bulb of the urethra. 
B. vagi'nae = bulbus vestibuli*. B. ve'nae jugu- 
la'ris, a swelling of the internal jugular vein at 
its beginning in the jugular foramen. B. vestib'- 
uli*, either one of the pair of elliptical masses 
extending from the clitoris along either side of 
the vestibule and lying behind the labia minora; 
semibulb. 

bu-le'sis. The will, or an act of the will. [Gr.] 
Bul-ga'rian bacillus. A bacillus producing 25 
grammes of lactic acid per litre of milk: recom- 
; mended for acclimatization in the digestive tract 
to arrest putrefactive and pernicious fermentation 
and for the treatment of infected cavities diffi¬ 
cult of access to the ordinary methods of cleans¬ 
ing. ^ Buttersmilk. 

bu-lim'i a, bu-li-mi'a-sis. A disease causing great 
voracity or insatiable hunger; canine hunger; 
cynorexia. i^Acoria; polyphagia. B. emet'- 
ica, bulimia in which the patient vomits the food 
; which he eats. [ < 8 ov- denoting increase + 
hunger.] fbu-lim'ic, bu-lim'i ac. 
bu'ii-thum. A bezoar stone found in the intestines, 
the kidneys, the gall, or the urinary bladder of 
the ox. [ < (iovq ox -f Xidog stone.] 

Bull. Abbr. for L. bul'liat, let it boil, 
bul'la, pi. -l(S. A transparent vesicle caused by 
burns, scalds, or otherwise; a bleb; a blister. B. 
ethmoida'lis*, a vesicular ethmoidal cell project¬ 
ing downward into the middle meatus of the 
nose. [ L., “ a bubble.”] fbul'late, full of bullae; 
blistered or bladdery, bul-la'tion, inflation, 
bull'sdog forceps. A forceps with strong teeth and 
a spring or clasp to prevent slipping. 

Buller’s shield. A watch glass worn over the eye 
and attached by adhesive plaster: used to protect 
a sound eye from infection or from foreign bodies, 
bul'let. A horse’s fetlock. 

buMetsex-trac'tor. Any instrument intended to 
grasp a bullet in a wound and to extract it, as a 



creeps. B.sprobe, a probe for detecting the 
presence of a bullet, jsr N^;laton’s probe. 
bullock’s blood. The blood of bullocks, given either 
fresh or dried as a tcmic. 

10 


bullous, bullu-lar. Characterized by or of the na¬ 
ture of bullae or blisters. B. canal = Petit’s 
CANAL. B. eruption, an eruption of large blisters or 
blebs. • B. hydroa = dermatitis herpetiformis. 
B. syphilide, a tertiary syphilide consisting of 
flat bullae and including the rupial and pemphi¬ 
goid forms. 

bullula. • A little bulla. [L.] 
bu-lo-pei'thi a. . Morbid hopefulness. [ < j3ov?.7/ will 
-\~ivELdetv to persuade.] 

bul'piss. A‘Contagious disease of Central America, 
marked by crops of itching papules, leaving black 
and white patches. [ Tf N. Orl. M. & S. J. ’05.] 
bu-nlas'thon, -ton. An abnormally large female 
breast. [ < (3ov- indicating large size + paatldg, 
juaarog breast; ]r 

bum'blesfoot. • i. A clubsfoot. 2 . Inflammation Of 
the ball of the foot in fowls, 
bump'ing. Violent expulsion of gas, with a slight 
explosion, from a solution that is being heated, 
bun'dle. A fasciculus ; especially, a band or filament 
composed of nervesfibres. B. of His = His’s bun¬ 
dle. B. of Lenhoss^k = 

Lenhossek’s bundle. B. 
sarcoma = spindlescelled 
SARCOMA. B. of Vicqsd’Azyr 
= Vicq=d’azyr’s bundle. 
bu'ni oid of Bayle. A form of 
scirrhous cancer shaped like 
a turnip, Napiform. 
bunion, bunyon (bun'ypn). In¬ 
flammation and distention 
of the bursa mucosa at the 
ball of the great toe, indura¬ 
tion of the adjacent parts, 
enlargement of the joint, etc. 

[< (3ovviov earthmut.] 

Bun'sen burner. A gassbumer 
having a tube of metal fitted 
over it and provided ■with holes below the flame. 
By this means air is mixed with the gas, securing 
perfect combustion and a very hot, blueish flame. 
The burner of the 
Welsbach light is 
made on similar 
lines. B. cell, a gal¬ 
vanic cell having as 
the positive element 

azincplateimmersed Bunsen’s Clamp, 

^n dilute sulphunc 

qcid, and as the negative a stick of carbon in 
nitric‘acid. B.’s clamp, a device for bolding re¬ 
torts, condensers, etc. B.’s photometer, a photom¬ 
eter for the determination of fat. [ < Robert 
Wilhelm Bunsen, a German chemist, iSii-’qq.] 
buph-thal'mi a, -mus, bu-oph-thal'mi a. The first 
stage of HYDROPHTHALMIA. [ < (3ovg OX -f ofOa?,- 
p6g eye.] 
bur. =Burr. 

Burck'hardt’s corpuscles. Peculiar, roundish or an¬ 
gular, yellowish bodies found in the secretion 
of trachoma. B.’s operation, the operation of 
opening a retropharyngeal abscess from the out¬ 
side of the neck. 

burequism (bCircTzm). A system of metallotherapy. 
[ < Burcq, the inventor.] 

Bur'dach’s columns. = Cuneiform columns. B.’s 
cords, cords in the posterior column of the spinal 
cord, formed by the junction of the oval bundles 
of His. B.’s fissure, i. A cerebral fissure situ¬ 
ated between the lateral surface of the insula and 
the internal surface of the operculum; superior 



Bunsen Burner.— 
A. Perforated brass 
ring for regulating 
the supply of air. 
(Remington.) 














BUTTER 


BUR'DOCK 

fissure of Burdach. 2. The presylvian fissure. 
B.’s nucleus = NUCLEUS cuneatus. B.’s opercu¬ 
lum = OPERCULUM, def. 2. [ < Karl Friedrich 

Burdach, a German physiologist, 1776—1847.] 
bur'dock. A coarse biennial herb. Arc'Hum lap'pa 
or Lap'pa mi'nor. ^ Lappa*. 
bu-rette'. A chemists’ graduated glass vessel for 
measuring small quantities of liquid. [ F.] 
Burg'hart’s symptom. Peculiar fine rales heard at 
the anterior inferior margin of the lung: an early* 
sign of tuberculous infection. [HA. M. ’05.] 
Bur'gun-dy pitch. =Pix burgundica. B. wine, 
a celebrated French wine produced in the former 
province of Burgundy, on the range of hills called 
Cote d’Or. It contains ii to 13% of alcohol, 
bur'ied suture. One which is completely covered 
by the skin and does not involve it. 
burk'ing, burk'ism. The killing of persons for the 
purpose of selling their bodies for dissection. 
[< William Burke, who committed this crime 
and was hanged in 1829.] 

Bur'mese ringworm. An eruption observed in 
Burmah, probably eczema marginatum, 
btxrn. A lesion caused by the application of heat. 

^Brushsb.; scald, fbur'ner, as Bunsen b. 
bur'net saxifrage. =Pimpinella saxifraga. 
Bur'nett’s disinfecting fluid. A strong aqueous solu¬ 
tion of zinc chloride. It is antiseptic and deodor¬ 
ant, and is used in preserving dead animals, 
burn'ing bush. = Euonymus. B. of the feet, a 
painful condition symptomatic of beriberi but 
not a distinct morbid entity. B.=glass, a convex 
lens used for concentrating the rays of the sun, 
setting fire to an object placed at the focus. B.s 
liquid = CAMPHENE, def. 3. B.smirror, a concave 
mirror for concentrating heat at its focus. 

Burns’s amaurosis. Partial loss or impairment of 
vision due to sexual excess; postsmarital amblyo¬ 
pia. B.’s falciform process = falciform process, 
def. 2. B.’s ligament, the falciform expansion of 
the fascia lata of the thigh, forming part of the 
border of the saphenous opening. B.’s space, a 
space between the layers of the deep cervical fas¬ 
cia: sometimes containing a lymphatic gland, 
burnt. Scorched or injured by heat; calcined. B. 
alum = ALUMEN EXSICCATUM*. B. bone = BONEs 
ash. B. copper = ^s ustum. B. gypsum, cal¬ 
cium sulphate. B. sponge, a substance prepared 
by cutting sponge into small pieces and burn¬ 
ing it in a covered vessel until it becomes 
black and friable, when it is rubbed into a fine 
powder. It is employed in goitre and scrofulous 
swellings. 

Bu'row’s operation. A plastic operation for the 
removal of scars, or for the removal of tumors 
without leaving a scar. B.’s veins, small vessels 
connecting the portal system with the general 
circulation. 

burqu'ism. =Burcquism. 

burr. A dental instrument for polishing the teeth. 
B.sdrill, a dental drill, of which there are many 
shapes, for forming cavities, 
bur'ra goo'keroo. The Indian name for the fruit 
of Trib'ulus lanugino'sus: used as an aphrodisiac 
and a diuretic, and in nocturnal emissions. Dose 
of fi. ext., 1.3 to 4 Cc. (20 to 60 mins.). 
bur'ras=pipe. A pipe or tube for holding silver ni¬ 
trate or other caustic. 

Bur'ri’s method or stain. The demonstration of 
spirochaetes by means of India ink. 
bur'row-ing. The passing of pus through the 
tissues. 


146 

Bur'row’s solution. Lead acetate, 25 parts, and 
alum, 5 parts, dissolved in 500 parts of water, 
bur'sa*, pi. -see. 1. A sac or purse. 2. A saedike 
bandage. B. anseri'na*, a bursa situated beneath 
the insertion of the sartorius and gracilis muscles. 
B. muco'sa*, a membranous sac for secreting a 
substance {synovia) to lubricate tendons and 
joints, rendering their motion easy; synovial 
bursa. B. mus'euli gastrocne'mii latera'lis* 
and media'lis*, 1®“ gastrocnemius. B. omenta'- 
lis*, the cavity of the lesser omentum, the lesser 
peritoneal sac. B. pharyn'gea*, a pouch or recess 
in the pharynx of the embryo: frequently seen 
in young children and sometimes persistent in 
adult life. B. praepatella'ris subcuta'nea* = pre¬ 
patellar BURSA. B. synovia'lis = B. mucosa*. 
[< (ivpaa leathern bottle.] fl^^r'sal, as B. ab¬ 
scess, abscess forming in a bursa mucosa, espe¬ 
cially in one of the patellar bursae: B. cyst = 
hygroma: B. = Birkett’s hernia: and 

B. synovial membrane, isf synovial membrane. 
bur-sal'o-gy, the science of bursae, bur-si'tis, 
inflammation of a bursa, Thornwaldt’s b. 
bur'so-lith, a concretion in the bursa mucosa, 
bur-sa'lis. The obturator intemus muscle. 

Bur'sera. A genus of tropical trees. B. gummif'- 
era, an amyridaceous tree or shrub, a native of 
the West Indies. Its resinous exudation is trans¬ 
parent and balsamic, 
bur-se-raz'in. Oxyburserazin. 
burst. An old popular name for hernia or rup¬ 
ture. 

Bur'ton’s line. i. = Gingival line. 2. =B.’s 
sign, a blue line at the alveolar border of the 
gums: a sign of chronic lead=poisoning. 
bur'sweed. =Xanthium canadense. 

Busch’s cephalic version. A method of version in 
which the head is pulled downward by one hand 
outside the membranes and the breech pushed 
upward by the other. 

bush'mas-ter. The South American snake La'chesis 
mu'tus. Its venom is said to be the basis of the 
homoeopathic preparation called lachesis. 

Busk’s diameter. = Auriculobregmatic diam¬ 
eter. B.’s horizontal plane, a plane passing 
through the auricular points and perpendicular 
to Busk’s diameter. 

bu-tal'a-mine. Amidovaleric acid: a product of 
pancreatic digestion. 

bu-tane'. A paraffin, C4HJQ, obtained by the dis¬ 
tillation of certain coals, and occurring in pe¬ 
troleum. It is an anaesthetic, 
butch'er’s saw. An amputating saw, the blade 
of which can be set at any angle. 

Bute'a frondo'sa. The dhac tree, a leguminous tree 
of India. Its red astringent juice when dried is 
called butea kino, or Bengal kino, and is used in 
tanning. The leaves are said to be astringent 
and aphrodisiac, and the seeds anthelmintic, 
bu'tene. = Butylene. 
bu'tic acid. =Arachic acid. 

but'ter. I. An oil, more or less concrete, obtained 
from the milk of animals, by almost any kind of 
violent and continued agitation, popularly termed 
“churning.” Butter consists chiefly of olein, 
palmitin, and stearin. 2. Any of various sub¬ 
stances more or less like butter, def. i. i®- Oleo¬ 
margarine; PETROL butter. B. of antimony = 
antimony trichloride. Artificial b.= oleomar¬ 
garine. B. of cacao = cacao butter. B. teeth, 
the incisor teeth. B. tree, any of several trees 
which afford oil used as a substitute for butter. 


BUTTERCUP 


147 


BYTHIUM 


Bassia. B. of tin = stannic chloride. B. of 
zinc, zinc chloride. [< L. buty'rum, fr. PovTvpov.] 
but'ter-cup. A name of Ranun'culus bulbo'sus, 
but'ter-fiy. i. A mass of absorbent cotton with 
wingslike appendages: used in gynaecological 
surgery. 2. A doubly wingsshaped skinsflap: a 
term used in various operations, as upon the peri¬ 
neum. B. patch, lupus erythematosus affecting 
the two cheeks and the bridge of the nose and 
making a patch shaped like a butterfly, 
but'ter-ine. A substitute for butter, prepared chiefly 
from beefsfat. Oleomargarine. 
but'ter-milk. i. Milk from which butter has been 
separated by churning; lac deflora'turn: used in the 
treatment of rhachitis, kidney disease, etc. 2. 
Milk soured by the addition of various organisms 
producing lactic acid, as the Bulgarian bacillus. 

Kefir. 

but'ter-nut. The tree Ju'glans cine'rea and its 
nut. The bark yields a mildly cathartic extract, 
and the nut affords a useful oil. 
but'ter-wort. =Pinguicula vulgaris. 
but'tock. The breech; more frequently, either of 
the nates, or lateral halves of the breech, 
but'ton. Mescal b. ; Murphy’s b.; Oriental 
sore; etc. B.sbush = Cephalanthus. B. cau¬ 
tery, a cautery iron consisting of an iron button 
fastened to a handle; Corrigan’s cautery button. 
B. scurvy, a tubercular eruption observed in Ire¬ 
land about 1814. B. suture, a suture passed 
through buttonslike disks, to prevent the thread 
from cutting through the tissues, 
but'ton-hole fracture. A form of fracture in which 
the bone is perforated by a missile, 
bu'tua. ==Pareira*. 

bu'tyl. A univalent hydrocarbon radical, C^Hg, 
occurring only in combination. B.salcohol, 
C^Hg.OH, of which there are four isomeric varieties, 
normal butyUalcohol,CU.^ —CHg—CHg—CH^—OH; 

CHjN 

isobutyUalcohol, yCH—CHj—OH ; tertiary bu- 


tyUalcohol (trimethyl carbinol), CH3—C—OH; and 

CH3 

H 

I 

secondary butyUalcohol, CH3—CHg—C—OH. B.s 

CH3 

chloral hydrate = butylchloral. B.=hypnal, a 
hypnotic compound of antipyrine and butyl- 
chloral. 

bu-tyl-am'ine. A ptomaine, C4HUN, occurring in 
codsliver oil; tetrylamine. It is diuretic and 
sudorific, and in large doses emetic. 
bu*tyl-car-bon'ic acid. = Valerianic acid. 
bu-tyl-chlo'ral. Trichlorbutyraldehyde, C4H7O2CI3, 
a compound resembling chloral hydrate in 
appearance and properties; “croton” chloral; 
butylschloral hydrate. Sometimes used in ce¬ 
phalic neuralgia. Dose, 0.3 to i Gm. (5 to 

15 grs.). 

bu'ty-lene. A gaseous hydrocarbon, C4Hg, of the 
olefin series, occurring in three isomeric forms, 
called normal butylene, pseudobutylene, and isobu¬ 
tylene; butene, 
bu-ty'phus. = Rinderpest. 

bu-ty-ra'ce ous. Resembling or containing butter, 
bu-ty-ral'de-hyde, —Butyric aldehyde. 


bu'ty-rate. A salt or a compound ether of but5rric acid, 
bu-tyr'ic. Relating to or derived from butter. B. 
acid, a volatile acid, C4H8O2, obtained from 
butter. It is found in a free state in perspiration, 
urine, and the fasces, and is obtained by a fer¬ 
mentation of sugar with cheese. B. aldehyde, 
a liquid, C4H8O, resulting from the oxidation of 
butybalcohol. B. ether, i. A butyrate of any 
organic radical. 2. Ethyl butyrate. B. ferment, 
the organized ferments, Bacil'lus amylobac'ter 
and B. buty'ricus, producing butyric fermentation. 
B. fermentation, the fermentation of sugar, cheese, 
milk, etc., producing butyric acid. e^-B. acid. 
bu'ty-rin. Glyceryl butyrate, C3H5(C4H702)3, the 
essential fatty matter of butter; one of the most 
easily digested of all fats, 
bu’ty-ro-re-frac-tom'e-ter. An instrument for deter¬ 
mining the refractive index of butter and other 
oils and fats. 

bu'ty-roid. Buttery. B. tumor, a tumor with but- 
terdike contents, seen generally in the breast, 
bu-ty-rom'e-ter. An instrument for estimating 
the content of butter in milk. [< flovrvpov 
butter -f- perpov measure.] thu-ty-ro-met'ric. bu- 
ty-rom'e-try. 

bu'ty-rone. Dipropyl ketone, C7Hj40, a colorless 
liquid produced by distilling calcium butyrate, 
buty'rum. = Butter. [L.] 

Bux'us sempervi'rens. The box tree, a small 
euphorbiaceous evergreen tree, of Asia and 
Europe, having a very hard and heavy wood 
which contains a volatile oil used in epilepsy. 
The leaves are purgative in dose of 4 Gm. (60 grs.). 
From it is obtained bux'ine, an alkaloid, ^ 18 ^ 21 ^ 3 * 
said to be identical with bebeerine. 

“ buying the smallpox.” Variola. 

Buz'zard’s reflex. A method of eliciting the patel¬ 
lar reflex by striking the tendon of the quadri¬ 
ceps muscle when the patient is sitting with the 
toes firmly pressed against the ground, 
buz'zing murmur. A buzzhxg sound heard over the 
heart in pericarditis, or over an aneurism. 
Buz'zi’s operation. An operation for the formation 
of an artificial pupil. 

By-chow'sky’s test. A test for albumin in the 
urine made by placing a drop or two of the urine 
in a teststube filled with hot water and shaking 
it: a whitish cloud diffusing through the liquid 
indicates albumin. A similar cloud appears if 
phosphates are present but the addition of a drop 
of acetic acid causes it to disappear, 
byne, by'nin. i. An English proprietary prepara¬ 
tion of malt. 2. A proteidfoundinmalt: insolu¬ 
ble in water. [< flyvi; malt.] 
by'nol. A proprietary preparation of malt and cod* 
liver oil. 

by'sprod-uct. A secondary product formed during 
the manufacture of a product, 
by'ro-lin. A proprietary remedy for skin diseases: 

said to contain boric acid, lanolin, and glycerol, 
bys-si-no'sis. = Byssophthisis. 
bys-so-cau'sis. The surgical use of the moxa; 

moxibustion. [ < flvaao^ cotton -h Kavaig burning.] 

bys-soph'thi-sis. Phthisis due to the inhalation 
of fine dust and powder in cotton*mills; byssinosis. 
bys'sum, bys'sus. i. In anatomy, the pudendum 
muliebre. 2. In surgery, charpie, lint, or cotton. 
[ < flvaooq a kind of fine flax.] 

Bys'sus. A genus of fungi, now embracing Peni- 
cil'lium and Mu'cor. 

byth'i um. A chemical element said to have been 
found in sulphur. 


CACO- 


C' 


c'. The symbol for the coefficient of partage. 

C. I. Abbr. forpALx; cathode; centigrade (Cel¬ 
sius) ; composite; corolla; compound; contact; 
cortex; cubic; L. con'gius, a gallon; dosis cura- 
TiVA. 2. The chemical symbol for carbon. 

C.c. Abbr. for cubic centimetre; preferably Cc. 
C.C. Abbr. for cathodal closure; for L. cucurbit'- 
iila cruen'ta, a cupping-glass; and for L. cor'nu 
cer'vi, hartshorn. 

C.C.C. or C.C.Cl. Abbr. for cathodal closure con¬ 
traction. 

C.C.Te. Abbr. for cathodal closure tetanus. 
C.c.u. Abbr. for L. cor'nu cer'vi us'ium, burnt 
hartshorn. 

C.G.S. Abbr. for the centimetre-gramme-second 

SYSTEM. 

C.m. Abbr. for L. eras ma'ne, to-morrow morning. 
C.m.s. Abbr. for L. eras ma'ne sumen'dus, to be 
taken to-morrow morning. 

C.n. Abbr. for L. eras noc'te, to-morrow night. 
C.O.C. or C.O.Cl. Abbr. for cathodal opening con¬ 
traction. 

C.O.Te. Abbr. for cathodal opening tetanus. 
C.P. Abbr. for chemically pure, and for Candle- 
power. 

C.S. Abbr. for current strength. 

C.v. Abbr. for L. eras ves'pere, to-morrow evening. 
Ca. The chemical symbol for calcium. 
cab'al-line aloes. Horse aloes, a coarse variety, 
used mostly in veterinary medicine. ' 

cab'bage. k^-Brassica. C.srose = Rosa centifo- 
^ LiA. Skunksc. =Draconitium foetidum. ‘ C. 
tree, a common name of palms of the genus 
Are'ca, and locally of various other palms; also, 
Geoffrey'a iner'mis, or Andi'ra iner'mis. 
ca'bob pepper. The berries of Cube'ba officina'lis. 
Cab'ot’s ring bodies. Peculiar oval, ring- or band¬ 
shaped bodies in the red cells of those affected 
with lead poisoning and some forms of anaemia, 
ca-cae'mi a. A bad condition of the blood, 
cac-a-e-rom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring 
the degree of impurity of bad air. 
cac-aes-the'si a, -the'sis. Any morbid sensation; dis¬ 
ordered sensibility. [< /ca/edfbadfeeling.] 
cac'a-gogue. =Caccagogue. 

ca-ca'ine. An active principle said to exist in 
cacao, probably theobromine, 
cac-a-lex-e-te'ri on. A remedy that wards off 
untoward conditions; a preventive, 
ca-can'thrax. Malignant anthrax. 
cacao (ca-ce'6). The seeds of Theobroma cacao. 

Chocolate. C. butter = oleum theobroma- 
Tis*. C. semen, the fruit of Theobro'ma caca’o. 
C. theobro'ma = Theobroma cacao. 
ca-ca-o-ste'a-rin. = Oleum theobromatis*. 
cac-aph'thae. Malignant aphthae, 
ca-ca'tion. The passage of faeces. [< L. caca'tio.'\ 
fcac'a-to-ry, marked by or of the nature of a 
diarrhoea, as C. fever, intermittent fever attended 
with copious diarrhoea. 

cae'ea-gogue. i. An aperient ointment or suppos¬ 
itory. 2. Aperient; laxative, 
ca-ce'mi a, ca-chae'mi a. ==Cac^mia. 
cac-eph-e-bo-te'si a. Ill health associated with pu¬ 
berty. [ < Katibg bad 4- e(i> 7 jf^ 6 r 7 ^g puberty.] 


148 


V, 

C 

cach-el-co'ma. A malignant ulcer. , 

cachet (ca-she). A wafer, or amylaceous covering 
for a dose of nauseous medicine. [F.] 
ca-chex'i a, ca-chex'y. A depraved condition or 
habit of body or nutrition; continued ill health. 
C. africa'na = CHTHONOPHAGiA. C. aquo'sa, ca¬ 
chexia with dropsical effusions. C. exophthal'mica 
=EXOPHTHALMic GOITRE. C. hypophyseopri'va, 
the symptom complex ending in death, caused 
by the complete removal of the hypophysis. C. 
lymphat'ica = C. splenetica., C. mala'rica = 
MALARIAL CACHEXIA. C. mcrcuria'lis, the condi¬ 
tion of chronic mercurial poisoning, marked by 
great destiniction of tissue, anaemia, emaciation, 
etc. C. splenet'ica, a cachectic state marked espe¬ 
cially by anaemia and hypertrophy of the spleen. 
^ Hodgkin’s disease. C. strumipri'va or thyreo- 
pri'va, a cachectic condition resembling cretinism, 
caused by excision of the thyroid gland; operative 
myxoedema. [< Kundg bad + habit.] fca- 
chec'tic, as C. splanchnoptosis. 
cach-in-na'tion. Immoderate and hysterical laugh¬ 
ter. [< L. cachinna're to laugh aloud.] 
cachou (ca-shff). An aromatic pellet used for 
sweetening the breath. 

cac'o-. Denoting bad, depraved, evil", or' diseased: 
a combining form. [< KOKbg bad, ill.] cac-o- 
cho'li a, a depraved condition of the bile.— 
cac-o-chyl'i a, a disorder of the digestion in which 
imperfect chyle is produced.— cac-o-chym'i a, a 
depraved condition of the fluids of the‘body. 
tcac-'o-Chym'ic, as C. fever, a remittent feve'T whose 
origin is attributed to a depraved state of the 
body fluids.— cac-o-col'pi a, a putrid condition of 
the vulva and vaginal entrance.— cac-o-dae'mon, 
-de'mon, the nightmare.— cac;o-dae-mo-no-ma'- 
ni a, a form of delusional insanity in which the 
patient believes himself possessed of an evil spirit 
or a devil.— cac-o-don'ti a, an ill or decayed con¬ 
dition of the teeth.— cac'o-dyl, dimethyl arsine, 
(As (CH3)2)2, a very poisonous limpid liquid, 
of fetid odor, derived from acetyl, Alkarsin. 
— ca-co-dyl-i'a-col, guaiacol cacodylate: used as 
an antitubercular. Dose, 0.03 to 0.05 Gm. (^ to 
f gr.).— cac-o-dyl'ic acid, a crystalline substance, 
(CH3).2 AsOOH, formed by the oxidation of “ caco¬ 
dyl. tcac-o-dyl'ate, as sodium c. — cac-o-e'thes, 
a bad habit or disposition.— cac-o-ga-lac'ti a, 
cac-o-ga'li a, a bad condition of the milk.— cac-o- 
gas'tric, relating to indigestion; dyspeptic.— cac- 
o-gen'e-sis, a deviation from the normal structure; 
a monstrosity; pathological tissue, or a growth 
made up of'pathological tissue.— cac-o-glos'si a, 
a foul state of the tongue; gangrenous tongue.— 
cac-o-me'tri a, a malignant or gangrenous state of 
the uterus. — cac-o-mor'phi a, distortion, de¬ 
formity, or malformation. — cac*o-mor-pho'sis. i. 
The development of morbid growths. 2. Malfor¬ 
mation.— cac-o-nych'i a, a diseased condition of 
the nail.— ca-cop'a-thy, cac-o-path'i a, a severe or 
malignant disease.— cac-o-pho'ni a; ca-coph'o-ny, 
a bad or dissonant condition of the voice.— cac- 
oph-thal'mi a, malignant ophthalmia ; putrid in¬ 
flammation of the eye.— cac-o-pla'si a, the forma¬ 
tion of diseased structures.— cac-o-plas'tic, sus- 


CACOA 


149 


CESIUM 


ceptible only of a very imperfect kind of organi¬ 
zation.— cac-o-pra'gi a, a depraved condition of 
the nutritive function.— cac-o-prax'is, depraved 
condition of the f\mctions of an organ.— cac-o- 
proc'ti a, a putrid condition of the anus and rec¬ 
tum.— cac-or-rhin'i a, k gangrenous condition of 
the nose.— cac-or-rhyth'mi a, a defect or irregu¬ 
larity of the rhythm of the pulse.— ca-co'sis, a 
bad condition of the body, or of an}?’ part.— ca- 
cos'mi a, a bad odor; a stench.— cac-o-so'mi um, 
a lazaretto for leprosy and other incurable dis¬ 
eases.— cac-o-sper'mi a, a depraved condition of 
the semen.— cac-o-sphyx'i a, -sphyg'mia, an ir¬ 
regular state of the pulse.— cac-o-sto‘ma-to- 
phre'si a, a fetid odor from the mouth.— cac-o- 
sto'mi a, a foul condition of the mouth. ^ 
Cancrum oris.— ca-coth'e-sis, a faulty position; 
a'defect in situation.— cac-o-thym'i a, depression 
of mind, with morose or malignant temper.— cac- 
o-trich'i a, any diseased state of the hair.— ca-cot'- 
ro-phy, deficient nutrition.— cac'o-zyme, any fer¬ 
ment or germ capable of inducing disease, 
ca-co'a. r®'C.\CAo; cocoa. 

cacolet (cac-o-le). A muleschair or horse=chair for 
the removal of wounded men. [Pi] 
cac-ti'na. A proprietary remedy, said to be prepared 
from cacti of the genus Ce'reus. 
cac'tus, pi. cac'ti. A general name for 
cactaceous plants of whatever genus, 
some of which are used in medicine. 
i^'Cereus. C. grandiflo'rus, the night® 
blooming cereus, Ce'reus grandiflo'rus: 
used as a diuretic and cardiac stimulant. 

Dose of tincture, 0.3 to 1.3 Cc. (5 
.. to 20 mins.). It con 
tains an acrid, resin¬ 
ous glucoside, cac' 
tine, said to 
little or no physio 
logic action, 
ca-cu'men, pi. cacu'mi 
na. I. In botany, 
the top of a plant. 

2. A subdivision 
the superior vermis 
of the cerebellum be 
low the' declivis. 
ca'dae o'leum. = 

Oleum cadinum*. 
ca-dav'er, pi. -era. A dead body, the human corpse, 
especially as a subject for dissection. C. tubercle 

= ANATOMICAL TUBERCLE. [ L., “a COrpSC.”] 

f ca-dav'er-ic, -ous, as C. alkaloid = ptomaine: 
C. coniine = cADAv brine: C. face— eacies hip- 
pocr.a-TICa; C. lividity = POST^MORTE.M i.ividity: 
C. position, the motionless median position of the 
vocal cords in cases of paralysis of the recurrent 
laryngeal nerve; C. rigidity = rigor mortis, def. 
i: C. softening of the stomach = brown soften¬ 
ing OF THE stomach: and C. spasm, rigor mortis 
occurring immediately or very soon after death, 
ca-dav-er-i-za'tion, a cold, pale, and insensible 
condition, like that of a dead body, 
ca-dav'er-ine. One of the cadaveric alkaloids or 
ptomaines, C^Hi^No; pentamethylenediamine. It 
is found in decaying animal matter, and in the 
discharges of cholera, being there a product of 
the comma bacillus. ^Putrescine. 
cad'dy stools. Stools resembling fine, satidy mud: 

seen in yellow fever, 
cade, oil of. = Oleum cadinum*. 

Cadet’s fuming liquid (ca-dez). =t: Alkarsin. 


cadi'num o'leum. = Oleum cadinum*. 
cadi'va insa'nia. Epilepsy. [L.,“ falling madness.”] 
cad'mi um. A metallic element resembling tin, 
found in several of the ores of zinc: sp. gr., 8.7; 
at. wt., II 1.6; symbol, Cd. The bromide, car¬ 
bonate, chloride, iodide, nitrate, oxide, and other 
salts have a very limited use in medicine. All its 
soluble salts are poisonous. Chdmium has been 
employed as an astringent in dental amalgams; 
but its use in this way is said to lead to diseases 
of the dentin and of the bone. C. iodide, a white, 
crystalline substance, CdT, ,astringent and 
emetic. It is used locally, haying the advantage 
over the other preparations of iodine in not dis¬ 
coloring the skin. C. oleate is used in skin dis¬ 
eases and enlargements of the glands. C. sulphate, 
well diluted, is used chiefly in blennorrhoea and 
in the treatment of corneal specks and opacities. 

[ < L. cad'mia calamine or tutty, in which it was 
first observed.] 

cadre du tympan (cadr^ dii tafi-pah). = Tympanic 
BONE. [F., “frame of the tympanum.”] 
ca-du'ca. The deciduous membrane of the uterus. 
C. pas'sio, “falling suffering,” epilepsy. [ < L. cad'- 
ere to fall.] tca-du'cous, as C. membrane, the 
membrana decidua of the uterus, 
ca-du'ci-ty. Weak old age. 
cadu'cus mor'bus. Epilepsy. [L ] 
cae'cal, ce'cal. i. Belonging to the caecum. &- 
Typhlo-. 2. Ending in a blind passage; blind. C. 
appendix == APPENDIX vermiformis. C. arteries, 
branches of the mesenteric to the caecum. C. cal¬ 
culus, a concretion in the caecum or the appendix 
vermiformis. C. foramen = foramen caecum. 
C. fossa, a depression formed by folds of peritone¬ 
um going to the cfficum; fossa caecalis*. C. her¬ 
nia, a protrusion of the caecum through the right 
abdominal ring. C. veins, branches of the mesen¬ 
teric veins to the caecum. [ < L. cce'cum blind gut.] 
cae-cec'to-my. Excision of a part of the caecum, 
cae'ci-tas. Blindness. C. diur'na, day®blindness. 
C. noctur'na, night-blindness. C. verba'lis, “ word- 
blindness,” inability to understand anything 
written or printed. [L., fr. ccc'cus blind.] 
cae-ci'tis. Inflammation of the caecum, 
cae'co-cele. =Typhlocele. 

cae-cos'to-my. The formation of an artificial anus, 
or of an opening for irrigation into the caecum. 

Appendicostomy. 

cae'cum. The blind gut, or the first portion of the 
large intestine; the caput coli. [Neuter singular 
of L. cce'cus blind (intesti'num being understood).} 
c«-naes-the'sis. =Ccen^sthesis. 
cae-ru'le in. i. A coal-tar dye, CgoHgO^; alizarin 
green. 2. Azulene. [<. h. cceru'leus dark blue.} 
cae-ru'le um. = Locus c^ruleus. 
caeru'leus mor'bus. = Cyanosis. 
cae-ru-lig'none. A blue crystalline substance, Cjg- 
' HjgOg, obtained from beech-wood tar; Cedriret. 

[< L. caeru'leus dark h\vot-\-lig'num wood.] 
cae-ru-lo'sis. = Cyanosis. 

cae-sa're an operation or section, cae-sa-rot'o-my. 
The operation of cutting into the womb through 
the parietes of the abdomen when natural delivery 
is impracticable; hysterotomy. [< Julius Ccesar, 
who is said to have been born thus; more proba¬ 
bly from cce'dere to cut.] fcae-sa're-a-nist, one 
who performs a caesarean section, 
cae'si um. A white metallic element, discovered in 
i860 in certain mineral springs of Germany: sp. 
gr., 1.88; at. wt., 131.9; symbol, Cs. The chloride 
slows the pulse and diminishes arterial tension. 



A. Cereus giganteus. B. 
Opuntia. 
















CAFACETAN 


150 


CALCANEO- 


caf-ac'e-tan. A proprietary antineuralgic contain¬ 
ing caffeine and acetanilide, 
caf'fe a. The seed of Cof'fea ara'hica. m- Coffee. 
caf-fe'a-rin. A narcotic alkaloid found in coffee, 
caf-fe'ic acid. A crystalline acid, C;)Hg04, occurring 
in coffee, and obtained artificially by boiling 
caffetannic acid with potash, 
caf-fe'i-dine. A base, C^Hj^N^O, from caffeine, 
caffei'na*. Caffeine, CgHj^N^Og + HgO, a feebly 
basic substance obtained from the dried leaves of 
The'a sinen'sis (Fam. Ternstrcemia'cece) , from the 
dried seeds of Cof'fea ara'bica, and from other 
sources; methyltheobromine; psoralin; trimeth- 
ylxanthine. It appears as white, flexible, silky, 
glistening needles and is isomeric with theine 
and GUARANiNE. It is diuretic, a cardiac and 
cerebral stimulant, and a muscle sin vigorator. A 
number of popular summer drinks contain caffe¬ 
ine. Dose, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.). C. citra'ta*, 
citrated caffeine, made from caffeine and citric 
acid. Dose, 0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). C. citra'ta effer- 
ves'cens*, effervescent citrated caffeine, a prepa¬ 
ration in the form of a powder composed of 
citrated caffeine, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, 
and tartaric acid. Dose, 4 Gm. (60 grs.). 
caffei'nae sodioben'zoas. The N. F. name for a 
preparation made by triturating caffeine, 50 
parts, and sodium benzoate, 50 parts, with 
alcohol. C. sodiosalic'ylas, the N. F. name for a 
preparation made by triturating equal parts of 
caffeine and sodium salicylate with alcohol, 
caf'fe-ine. =Caffeina*. Various salts of caffeine, 
as the arsenate, benzoate, borate, carbolate 
(phenate), hydrobromide, salicylate, tannate, 
valerate (valerianate), etc., are used in medicine. 
C. chloral, a combination of caffeine and chloral: 
analgesic and sedative. Dose, 0.2 to 0.3 Gm. (3 
to 5 grs.). C. citrated or C. citrate =caffeina 
ciTRATA*. Effervescent citrated c. = caffeina 
CITRATA EFFERVESCENS*. C. iodol, a mixture of 
caffeine and iodol, used as a substitute for iodol. 
C. sodiobenzoate = CAFFEiN.E sodiobenzoas. C. 
sodiosalicylas = CAFFEINE sodiosalicylas. C. 
and sodium sulphonate, i^symphorol. [<L. 
caffei'na, fr. Cof'fea, the generic name of the 
coffeestree.] fcaf-fe-in'ic, as a C. headache. 
caf-fe'ism or caf'fe-in-ism, chronic disease in¬ 
duced by excessive or injudicious use of coffee, 
caf'fe-ol. An empyreumatic oil, CgHj^Og, developed 
in coffee during the process of roasting, 
caf-fe'one or caf'fe-one. An aromatic principle 
from roasted coffee. It first increases and then 
diminishes the speed of the heart’s action, and is 
said, in proper doses, to induce sleep. 
caf‘fe-o-re-sor'cin. A proprietary combination of 
caffeine with resorcin. 

caf-fe-tan'nic acid. A colorless, gummy mass 
obtained from coffeesberries, Paraguay tea, etc. 
It may be resolved into caffeic acid and glucose. 
Cagnet'to’s stain. A stain for the chromophilous 
cells of the hypophysis cerebri. [ H L. ij. ’06.] 
cagot ear (c 4 -g 6 ). An ear with no lower lobe, 
ca-hin'ca, ca-in'ca. The rootsbark of Chiococ'ca 
racemo'sa, a rubiaceous plant of tropical America: 
used as a diuretic and emetic. Dose of bark, 
1.3 to 4 Gm. (20 to 60 grs.); of fl. ext., 1.3 to 
2.6 Cc. (20 to 40 mins.). It yields ca-hin'cin 
(ca-hin'ic acid), C^oHg^Ojg, a bitter crystalline 
glucoside. 

•cai'e-put. =Cajuput. 

Caillan’s test (cai-yahz). A test for glucose in the 
urine, made by shaking two volumes of urine 


with one volume of chloroform. When the mix¬ 
ture has settled, any glucose present will be 
found in the upper layer, and may then be tested, 
caisson disease (ce'spn). A diseased condition, 
marked by paraplegia and sometimes a general 
palsy, occurring after the return to a normal at¬ 
mosphere from work under compressed air ex¬ 
ceeding three atmospheres ; divers’ paralysis ; 
aeropathy; compressed air illness; tunnel dis¬ 
ease; the “bends.” 

Cajal’s cells (c 4 -halz'). Spongioblasts of the outer 
molecular layer; the horizontal cells of the inner 
nuclear layer of the retina. [ H S. R. Ramdn y 
Cajal, a Spanish histologist, 1852- .] 

caj'u-put, caj'e-put. Melaleu'ca leucaden'dron, a 
small tree of the Spice Islands. The fresh leaves 
and twigs afford oleum cajuputi*, which yields 
caj-u-pu-tene', an antispasmodic, anodyne, and 
anthelmintic hydrocarbon, CioH,q, used in doses 
of 0.12 to 0.6 Cc. (2 to 10 mins.), and caj-u-pu- 
toF, its hydrate. [< Malay kayu puii white tree.] 
cajupu'ti o'leum. = Oleum cajuputi*. 
cake meal. Meal made by grinding the cake of lin¬ 
seed after the expression of the oil. 
caked breast. An inflamed breast in which the 
milk supposedly becomes inspissated. 

Cal'a-bar bean. = Physostigma*. C. swellings, 
swellings due to Fila'ria lo'a. [ < Calabar, a 
region in Western Africa.] 
cal-a-bar'ine. An alkaloid from the Calabar bean. 
cal'a-bash=tree. = Crescentia cujete. 
calage (ca-lazh). Pressure upon the back and ab¬ 
domen by means of pillows to relieve or prevent 
sea-sickness by fixing the viscera. [F.,“wedging.”] 
cal-a-me'don. A comminuted fracture, 
cal'a-min, -mine. The native impure zinc carbon¬ 
ate ; aerosus lapis. Prepared calamin is a fine 
powder, used chiefly for excoriations and irrita¬ 
tions of the skin. [ < L. calami'na.] 
cal'a-mus*. i. A reed or pen. C. scripto'rius*, 
“writing-pen,” the lowest angle of the fourth 
ventricle, in which the included portion of the 
dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata is marked 
by a narrow longitudinal median fissure. 2. The 
U. S. P. name for the unpeeled, dried rhizome of 
Ac'orus cal'amus, or sweet flag. It is a feeble 
aromatic, Fluidextractum calami*. Dose, 
I Gm. (15 grs.). C. ro'tang or dra'co, a species of 
palm yielding dragon’s blood. [< Ar. ka'lani 
stalk of a plant.] 

Calan'dra ory'za. The rice weevil, a beetle which 
is claimed to be the host of the plague bacillus. 
[IL. ij. ’07.] 

cal'ap-pite. A concretion sometimes found within 
the cocoanut; vegetable bezoar. [ < Malay cal'- 
appa the cocoa-tree.] 

ca-la'ya. An antiperiodic extract from the fruit of 
Annes'lea febrif'uga. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 
Cal-ber'la’s fluid. A mixture of equal parts of 
glycerin, water, and absolute alcohol, used in 
microscopy. 

cal-ca'ne al,-ne an. Relating to the calcaneum: 
applied to certain arteries distributed to the os 
calcis, and to a nerve. 

cal-ca'ne 0-. Relating to the calcaneum or heel 
bone: a combining form. [< L. calca'neum, fr. 
calx heel.] cal-came o=as-trag'a-loid = astraga- 
LOCALCANEAL. — cal-ca'ne o-ca'vus, club-foot com¬ 
bining calcaneus and cavus. — cal-cameo-cu'- 
boid ligaments, a superior and an internal, uniting 
respectively the upper and the inner surfaces of 
the calcaneum and the cuboid bone, and an infe- 


CALCANEUM 


151 


CALCIUM 


rior, divided into a superficial and a deep-seated 
layer, termed respectively the long plantar and 
the short plantar ligament. — cal-came o-fib'u-lar 
ligament, the ligament joining the calcaneum to 
the fibula; the external lateral ligament; liga- 
mentum calcaneofibulare*. — cal-came o-na-vic'u- 
lar ligaments, the calcaneoscaphoid ligaments.— 
cal-came o-plan'tar nerve, a branch of the poste¬ 
rior tibial nerve, passing under the internal annu- 
lar ligament, where it divides into several 
branches; internal calcanean nerve.— cal-ca'ne o- 
sca'phoid ligaments, two ligaments {superior and 
inferior) joining the calcaneum to the scaph¬ 
oid bone.— cal-ca*ne o-ta'lar, relating to the cal¬ 
caneum and the astragalus.— cal-ca*ne o-tib'i al 
ligament, the ligament joining the calcaneum 
to the tibia; ligamenium calcaneotibiale*. — cal- 
ca*ne o-val*go-ca'vus, club-foot combining the 
characters of calcaneus, valgus, and cavus. 
cal-ca'ne um. The heel bone, or os calcis. [ L.] 
cal-ca'ne us*, i. = Calcaneum. 2. Club-foot in 
which the heel only touches the ground, 
cal'car. i. A spur. 2. The calcar avis. C. a'vis 
= HIPPOCAMPUS MINOR. C. femora'le, a lamina 
of firm tissue situated in front of the lesser tro¬ 
chanter of the femur. It serves to strengthen 
the neck of that bone. C. pe'dis, the calcaneum, 
or heel-bone. [ L., “a spur.”] 
cal-ca're ous. Belonging to lime; containing lime. 
C. cataract, a cataract which has become the seat 
of calcareous deposits. C. degeneration, a change 
of texture in which calcium carbonate is depos¬ 
ited. It is often seen in the matrix of the carti¬ 
lages of the ribs, in the placenta, in the enlarged 
thyroid, in tubercular deposits, in fatty tumors, 
and in the capsules of the trichina. C. film, a 
transverse band of gray color containing white 
calcareous deposits, crossing the cornea. C. 
infarction, a state of the kidney in which calcium 
phosphate or carbonate is deposited in the con¬ 
nective tissue of that organ. C. infiltration, a 
deposit of calcium salts within the tissues of the 
body. C. pleurisy, calcareous infiltration of the 
pleura. [< L. calca'rius, fr. calx lime.] 
calca'ria. Lime. C. chlora'ta, chlorinated lime. C. 

hy'drica, lime water. C. us'ta, quicklime. [L.] 
cal'ca-rine. Shaped like a spur. C. fissure, a fis- 
sure on the mesial surface of the occipital lobe, 
separating the lingual lobule from the cuneus; 
semilunar fissure; fissura calcarina*. C. process, 
the hippocampus minor. [< L. cal'car spur.] 
cal'cic. Containing calcium. C. inflammation, 
inflammation of the gums; calculous deposits on 
the necks of the teeth. 

cal-ci-co'sis. Pulmonary phthisis caused by inhal¬ 
ing particles of marble. 

cal-cif'e-rous. Containing lime, or calcium carbo¬ 
nate. C. bodies, lacunae of bone. C. canals, the 
canaliculi of bone. 

cal-cif'ic. Forming lime or calcium, 
cal-ci-fi-ca'tion. Changing into lime; the deposition 
of calcium salts in the tissues, 
cal'ci-fied pericardium. A pericardium which has 
undergone calcareous degeneration, 
cal-cig'e-rous tubes. The dentinal tubules, 
cal'cii. The genitive case of L. calcium. C. bro'- 
midum*, a white granular salt, very deliquescent, 
odorless, containing not less than 97% of pure 
calcium bromide, CaBr^, and having a pungent, 
saline, and bitter taste and a neutral reaction. 
It is sometimes employed as an adjuvant in 
epilepsy and hysteria. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 


C. carbo'nas praecipita'tus*, precipitated calcium 
carbonate, CaCO^, a very fine, white, impalpable 
powder, permanent in the air, odorless, tasteless, 
and nearly insoluble in water and insoluble in 
alcohol; precipitated chalk. It is used in the 
preparation of tooth-powders. Dose, i Gm. (15 
grs.). C. chlo'ridum*, calcium chloride, CaClj. 
It is alterative and solvent. It is also much used 
as a disinfecting agent. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 
C. hypophos'phis*, calcium hypo phosphite, Ca- 
(PH202)2. occurring in colorless or white, six- 
sided prisms, or thin, flexible scales of a pearly 
lustre. It is odorless, and has a nauseous, bitter 
taste and a neutral reaction. It is used in 
chronic phthisis. Care must be observed in dis¬ 
pensing, as explosion may occur when it is tritu¬ 
rated or heated with oxidizing agents, as nitrates 
and chlorates. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (71^ grs.). C. 
phos'phas praecipita'tus*, precipitated calcium 
phosphate, Ca3(P04)2, a bulky, white, amorphous 
powder, permanent in the air, odorless, tasteless, 
and almost insoluble in water and insoluble in 
alcohol. It is used as a remedy for scrofula, 
rickets, and mollities ossium. Dose, i Gm. (15 
grs.). C. sul'phas exsicca'tus*, exsiccated calcium 
sulphate, a powder containing about 95%, by 
weight, of calcium sulphate and about 5% of 
water; dried g^qisum. is* Plaster of paris. 
cal-ci-na'tion. The application of heat to saline, 
metallic, or other substances to deprive them of 
moisture, etc. 

cal'cine or cal-cine'. To burn, as lime; to reduce to 
a powder, or to an oxide, by heat. [< L. calci- 
na're, fr. calx lime.] fcal'cmed, as C. magnesia. 
cal'ci-nol. == Calcium iodate. 
cal'cis os. The heel bone; calcaneum; os calcis. 
cal'ci-thos. Copper subacetate, 
cal'cium. The metallic basis of lime. It is a 
yellow metallic element which does not occur 
naturally in a free state; sp. gr., 1.578; at. wt., 
39.8; symbol, Ca. It is an essential constituent 
of the human body. Among the salts of calcium, 
other than those given below, which are also used 
are the albuminate, arsenate, arsenite, bimalate, 
bisulphate, bitartrate, borocitrate, boroglyceride 
butyrate, cacodylate, chlorate, chromate, cinna- 
mate, citrate, cresylate, dichromate, ethylsul- 
phate, ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, fluoride, for¬ 
mate, glycerate, glycerinoborate, glycerinolac- 
tophosphate, glycolate, hydrochlorophosphate, 
hydrochlorosulphate, hypochlorite, isobutyrate, 
malate, meconate, methylsulphate, myristate, ni¬ 
trate, nitrite, oleate, oxalate, oxysulphide, palmi- 
tate, peroxide, phosphide, phosphite, phthalate, 
picrate, plumbate, propionate, pyrophosphate, 
quinate, quinovate, sebate, selenite, silicate, sili- 
cofluoride, stearate, succinate, sulphide, sulpho- 
cyanate, tannate, tartrate, thiosulphate, trichloro- 
phenate, tungstate, urate, and valerate. C. ace¬ 
tate, Ca(C2H302)2 + H20, is used as a resolvent in 
scrofula and psoriasis. C. alphamonosulphonate- 
betanaphthol = ASAPROL. C. arabate forms gum 
arabic. C. benzoate, an alterative and antiseptic. 
Dose, 0.6 to 2 Gm. (10 to 30 grs.). C. betanaph- 
tholalphamonosulphonate = ASAPROL. C. bisul¬ 
phite (solution), a solution of calcium sulphite 
(CaS03) in an aqueous solution of sulphurous acid; 
used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and preserva¬ 
tive. C. borate, a white antiseptic and astringent 
powder; used internally in infant diarrhoea and 
externally as 10 to 20% ointment or a dusting 
powder in moist eczema and bromidrosis. C. bro- 


CALCIUM 


162 


CALEFACIENT 


niide = CALCii bromidum*. C. bromoiodide, a 
molecular mixture of calcium iodide and bromide: 
used in epilepsy and rhachitis. Dose, 0.3 to 0.6 
Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). C. carbide, grayishsblack 
lumps, CaCj. which evolve acetylene when in con¬ 
tact with water: used in palliative treatment of 
vaginal anduterine'epithelioma. C. carbolate = C. 
PHENATE. C. carbonate, chalk, a soft, white, ino¬ 
dorous substance, CaC03. It occurs in shells, bones, 
arid marble. It is antacid and astringent: given 
in dyspepsia and in diarrhoea. Dose, 0.3 to 3 Gm. 
(5 to 45 grs.). c^Calcii carbonas pr^ecipita- 
Tus*. C. chloride = CALCii CHLORiDUM*. C. di- 
thiocarbonate, an orange^colored, cr^^stalline pow¬ 
der, CaCOS2, used as a local application in various 
skin diseases in the form of a 5% salve or a strong 
aqueous solution. C. eosolate, a gray pungent 
powder: used as an antiseptic in diabetes, phthis¬ 
is, and nephritis. Dose, 0.3 to 0.75 Gm. (5 to 
12 grs.). C. glycerinophosphate or glycerophos¬ 
phate, a white crystalline powder: used as a nerve 
tonic in cases where lime and phosphorus are 
required. Dose, 0.12'to 0.3 Gm. (2 to 5 grs.). C. 
hippurate, Ca(C9H8N03)2+3H.2O, recommended 
hi uric acid diathesis and scrofula. Dose, 0.6 Gm. 
(10 grs.). C. hydrosulphide, Ca(SH)2, used as a 
depilatory. C. hydroxide or hydrate, slaked lime: 
used externally as a depilatory. C. hypophos- 
phite = CALCII HYPOPHosPHis*. C. ichthyol, ich- 
thyol in which calcium replaces the ammonia. C. 
iodate, Ca (103)2, ^ which exists in sea*water 
and is said to be a valuable antiseptic. It has 
been used medicinally in febrile diseases. C. 
iodide, a yellowishswhite powder, Cal2: antiseptic 
and alterative. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). C. 
iodobehenate= SAjoDiN. C. iodoricinoleate, ' a 
tasteless, odorless succedaneum for iodides: used 
for condylomata, ulcers, and affections of the 
lymphatic and thyroid glands. C. lactate, white 
crystalline masses: used in rhachitis and scrofula 
of children. Dose, 0.2 to 0.6 Gm. (3 to 10 grs.). 
C. lactophosphate, a combination of calcium lac¬ 
tate and calcium phosphate: used in rhachitis 
and malnutrition in children. Dose, 0.2 to 6 Gm. 
(3 to 10 grs.). C. oxa¬ 
late, eightssided crys¬ 
tals, CaC204: found in 
oxALURiA. C. oxide 
==CALX*. C. perman¬ 
ganate, a valuable dis¬ 
infectant, which is con¬ 
sidered more powerful 
than potassium per¬ 
manganate: also used 
in gastrosenteritis and 
diarrhoea. Dose, 0.06 
to 0.12 Gm. (i to 2 
grs.). C. phenate, an 
external and internal 
antiseptic. Dose, 0.12 to 0.3 Gm. (2 to 5 grs.). C. 
phenolsulphonate, an intestinal antiseptic and 
astringent. Dose, 0.3 to i Gm. (5 to 15 ^rs.) in 1% 
aqueous solution. C. phosphate) a combination of 
phosphoric acid and lime, forming the solid or 
earthy portion of bones. Bone contains 25% of 
this phosphate, which also exists in blood, urine, 
hair, etc- It is used in diseases of the bones. Dose, 
0.5 to 2 Gm. (8 to 30 grs.). t3(-CALcii phosphas 
PRXciPiTATus*. C. phosphate, antimoniated, a 
dull white, gritty powder; James’s febrile powder: 
used as a diaphoretic, purgative, and emetic. 
Dose, 0.2 to 0.5 Gm. (3 to 8 grs.). C. saccharate, 


white, glo.ssy scales: used internally in dyspepsia, 
flatulence, tapeworm, etc., externally in bums; 
and as an antidote to carbolic acid poisoning. C. 
salicylate, CaC^H^- 
O3-}- H2O, used in 
diarrhoea and ^a.i- '' 
tro*enteritis. Dose, 

0.5 to 1.3 Gm. (8 
to 20 grs.). C. san- 
toninate, a white 
powder: used as 
an anthelmintic in 
place of santonin 
and being less dan¬ 
gerous. Dose, 0.03 
to o. I Gm. to 
grs.). C. sul- 
phate=GYPsuM. C. 
sulphate, exsiccated 
= CALCII SULPHAS 
EXSICCATUS*. C. 
sulphite, a white 

substance, CaS03 : Microscopic Crystals of Acid 
used as an antisep- Calcium Phosphate. 
tic. Dose,0.06 to 0.3 

Gm. (i to 5 grs.). C. sulphocarbolate or sulphophe- 
nate = C. phenolsulphonate. [L., fr. calx lime.] 
cal-co-glob'u-lin. A substance formed in the first 
stages of ossification by the combination of cal¬ 
cium salts with a proteid substance. It is evolved 
by the coalescence of small globular bodies termed 
c^-co-spheriites. 

calcosubphalange'us pol'licis. The abductor hallu- 
cis muscle. [L.] 

cal'cu-la-ry. i. = Calculus. 2. Pertaining to or 
of the nature of calculi. 

cal'cu-li-frage. An instmment or a medicine used 
in breaking down a calculus. [ < L. cal'ciilus storie 
+ fran'gere to hreslk.i tcal-cu-lif'ra-gous. 
cal'cu-lous. I. Of the nature of stone or calculus. 
2. Having a calculus or full of calculi: applied to 
persons afflicted with stone in the bladder. C. 
concretions, called arthritic calculi {cal'culi arthrit'- 
ici, cal'culi podag'rici, or tuber'cula arthrit'ica), 
are found in the ligaments and within the cap¬ 
sules of the joints in persons afflicted with gout. 
They are for the most part composed of uric acid 
and soda combined with a small portion of 
animal matter: sometimes of calcium urate. C. 
phthisis, lung disease marked by pneumoliths. 
cal'cu-lus, pi. cal'culi. A stonedike concretion 
formed in any part of the body. ly Urinary 
DEPOSITS. Some of the varieties of calculus are 
Alternating, Arthritic or articular, Aural, 
Biliary, Blood, Bronchial (—broncholith). 
Cardiac, Chalky, Coral, Cutaneous, Cystic 
(t^ biliary), Cystin or cystic oxide. Dental, 
Encysted, Fusible, H^emic, HempsEED, H^^a/ic 
biliary). Intestinal (= enterolith). Lac¬ 
teal, Laminated, Mammary (= lacteal). Mul¬ 
berry, Nasal (=rhinolith). Pancreatic, Pock¬ 
eted ( = encysted). Prostatic, Renal ( = neph¬ 
rolith), Salivary, Serumal, Spermatic, Stom¬ 
achic, Urethral, Urinary, Uterine, Venous 
(= phlebolith). Vesical, Vesicoprostatic, 
and Xanthic. Cal'culi podag'rici, i®" calculous 
concretions. [L., dim. of calx chalk.] j 
cal'cu-sal. A proprietary antipodagric. 
cal-e-fa'cient. Exciting warmth; making warm; 
applied to medicines or external applications 
causing a sense of vvarmth. [ < L. cal'idus warm 
+ fa'cere to make.] Jcal-e-fec'tion, the act of 



0 ° 01 ^ 


Microscopic Crystals of 
Calcium Oxalate. 




CALENDULA 


153 


CALOR 


applying heat, cal-e-fac'to-ry. i. Calefacient. 
2. A footsstove or device for warming the person. 
Calen'dula*. i. A genus of composite plants. 2. 
The U. S. P. name for the dried ligulate florets of 
Calen'dula ofjicina'lts, or marigold. It is used in 
embrocations and liniments and as a stimulant 
tonic. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). ^Tinctura 
CALENDULA*. It yields the principle ca-len'du-lin. 
cal'en-ture. i. A..; violent fever, attended by 
delirium, incident to persons in hot countries, 
especially on board ship. 2. Sunstroke, 
calf, pi. calves. The muscular portion of the leg 
below the knee; the sura. C.=bone, the fibula. 
C.skill == Kalmia latifolia. C.sknee = genu 
VALGUM. C.slymph, vaccine from a calf. 
caPi-bra-tor. =Gr.\duated cone. 
cal'i-co bush. = Kalmia latifolia. 

Calignani’s operation (ca-lin-ya'niz). Excision of a 
portion of the inferior dental nerve through an 
incision between the angle of the jaw and the 
lobe of the ear. 

ca-li'go. Dimness of sight, or blindness, sometimes 
coming on without apparent cause. C. cor'neae, 
dimness of sight arising from opacity of the cor¬ 
nea, or sometimes from a mere speck on the cor¬ 
nea. C. himio'rum, obscurity of vision, or blind¬ 
ness, arising from a defect in the humors of the 
eye. is- Glaucoma. C. len'tis, true cataract. C. 
palpebra'rum, dimness of vision caused by some 
affection of the. eyelids. C. pupil'l®, dimness of 
vision caused by contraction of the pupil. C. 
tenebra'rum, night-blindness. [ L.] 
cal'i-pers. An instrument with two legs or blades: 
varieties of this instrument are used in pelvim¬ 
etry and craniometry. 

cal-irsa'ya bark. The bark of Cincho'na calisa'ya. 
cal-is-then'ics. An exercise for strengthening the 
body and for producing gracefulness of carriage. 
[ < Ka 2 . 6 g beautiful + aOevog strength.] 
caTix. = Calyx. 

cal'la-quol. A new astringent and antiphlogistic. 
Callaud’s cell (ca- 16 z). A gravity cell in which the 
lower liquid is a saturated solution of copper sul¬ 
phate with a copper plate, and the upper liquid 
dilute sulphuric acid with a zinc plate. 
Cal'la-way’s test. The circumference of the shoul¬ 
der, measured over the acromion and through the 
axilla, in dislocation of the humerus, is greater 
than that of the sound side. 

Callian'dria housto'ni. gf-Panbotano bark. 
Calliph'ora vomito'ria. The fly commonly known 
as the blue-bottle fly. It deposits its eggs on 
tainted meat and in wounds and many cases of 
obscure intestinal disease are probably due to its 
larvae. [TfS.’og.] 

cal-li-sec'tion. Vivisection of anaesthetized ani¬ 
mals. [<L. cal'lus insensibilitycutting.] 
Cal'li-sen’s operation. An operation for the forma¬ 
tion of an artificial anus, performed by opening 
the colon through the left lumbar region, where it 
is not covered by peritoneum. 

Callit'riche ver'na. Water starwort, a fresh-water 
plant of the United States: used as a diuretic in 
dropsy and in urinary diseases. 

Cal'litris quadrival'vis. ^Sandarac. 
cal-lo-ma'ni a. Delusional insanity in which the 
patient imagines herself exceedingly beautiful. 
[</cailAof beautymadne.ss.] 
cal-lo'sal. Of or relating to the corpus callosum. C.’ 
artery = callosomarginal artery. C. convolu¬ 
tion or g3rrus = GYRUS fornicatus. C. fissure or 
sulcus, a fissure between the corpus callosum and 


the gyrus fornicatus,, beginning below the ros- 
tmm, following the curve of the callosum, and 
becoming continuous with the dentate fissure be¬ 
hind the splenium; sulcus callosus. C. gyre = 
GYRUS FORNICATUS. C. radiation, the radiation of 
the fibres of the corpus callosum as they pass to 
the hemispheres of the brain, 
cal-los'i-ty. A preternatural hardness in the skin 
or in naturally soft parts; tyloma: usually due 
to pressure. [<L. callo'sitas, fr. cal'lus.] 
cal-lo-so-mar'gi-nal. Relating to the callosal and 
marginal convolutions. C. artery, a branch of the 
anterior cerebral artery to the callosal and margi¬ 
nal convolutions. C. convolution or gyrus = gyrus 
FORNICATUS. C. fissurc or sulcus, a fissure on the 
inner surface of the cerebral hemisphere; running 
parallel to the corpus callosum and separating the 
marginal convolution from the gyrus fornicatus 
cal-lo'sum. A mononym for corpus callosum. '■ 
cal'lous, cal'lose. Hardened, as skin; firm and 
gristle-like. C. ulcer == indolent ulcer. 
cal'lus. I. The osseous substance deposited be¬ 
tween and around the divided portions of a frac¬ 
tured bone. 2. Unnatural hardness or indura¬ 
tion of any soft part, or a thickening of the 
cuticle, caused by pressure or friction. Defini¬ 
tive c., the callus which is thrown out from a? 
fractured bone later than the provisional and be¬ 
comes converted into true bone. Ensheathing 
or external c., the callus formed around a broken 
bone. Internal c., the callus formed in the med¬ 
ullary cavity of a broken bone. Permanent c., 
definitive callus. Pin c., internal callus. 
Provisional c., the callus which is thrown out at 
once from a fractured bone into the medullary 
canal and around the broken ends of the bone.. 
It includes both the external and the internal c. 
Ring c., ensheathing callus. [L.] 
cal'mant. A sedative medicine, 
cal'ma-tive. i. Sedative. 2. A sedative medicine. 
Cal-mette’s reaction. The acute conjunctival inflam* 
mation resulting in tuberculous subjects from the 
introduction in the eye of a drop of a 1% watery 
solution of Calmette’s tuberculin-ophthalmic 
reagent; Wolff-Eisner reaction; ophthalmo-re- 
action: in the healthy individual no effect is shown. 
The test should be used with great caution. lar- 
Moro’s reaction; Pirquet’s reaction. C.’s ser¬ 
um = anti-venomous SERUM. [AVoert Calmette, 
French bacteriologist, 1863— .] fcal-met'ted. 

cal'min. Antipyrine and heroin: used in pertussis, 
cal'o-dal. A proprietary albuminous food, 
cal'o-mel. Mercurous chloride, isf Hydrargyri 
CHLORiDUM MITE*. [ < L. calom'elas, fr. KaAoq 
beautiful + black: because of the color pro¬ 

duced with ammonia (“black precipitate’’).] 
cal-o-me'lol. Colloidal calomel, containing albuminr 
oids: used as a dusting-powder and internally 
for the same purposes as calomel, 
ca'lor. I. Heat. 2. The degree of fever heat in^ 
..termediate between ardor, and .fervor. C. anima'- 
lis, animal caloric, or animal heat; the caloric 
constantly generated in the bodies of living mam¬ 
malia and birds, by means of which the ani¬ 
mal is kept at a nearly uniform temperature. C. 
feb'rilis, fever-heat. C. fer'vens, boiling heat. 
C. inna'tus, natural or normal heat. C. le'nis, 
gentle heat. C.mor'dicans or mor'dax, “biting 
-heat,” a dangerous symptom in typhus, in which 
the’re is a biting and pungent heat upon the skin, 
leaving a smarting sensation on the fingers for 
several minutes after touching it. [L.] 


CALORESCENCE 


154 


CAMPER’S ANGLE 


cal-o-res'cence. The conversion of nonsluminous 
into luminous heat. 

ca-lo'ric. i. Heat; also, calorific. 2. = Calorie. 
cal-o-ric'i-ty. The power which animals possess of 
generating heat sufficient to protect them against 
atmospheric or other cold, and of maintaining the 
proper temperature of the body in all situations, 
calorie (cal-o-ri), cal'o-ry, ca-lo'ric. The unit of heat, 
or the quantity of heat required to raise one gramme 
of water i° C. (small c.), or i kilogramme 1° C. 
(great C., kilocalorie, or kilogramme degree); in 
the latter sense usually written with a capital C. 
cal*o-ri-fa'cient. Making or generating heat, 
cal-o-rif'ic. Heatsproducing; heat=creating. C. 
centre, a centre in the caudate nucleus of the 
brain which regulates the production of heat. 
C. nerve =THERMic nerve. 
cal-o-rim'e-ter. An instrument for measuring heat. 
WelLknownforms are Dulong’s, Reichert’s, Wash- 
bourn’s, and the bomb c. [<L. ca'lor heat -|- 
fj.eTpov measure.] fca-lor-i-met'ric, as C. equiv¬ 
alent, the amount of heat required to raise a calo¬ 
rimeter i°C. cal-o-rim'e-try. 
cal-o-rin'e-sis. Any affection marked by alteration 
in the amount of animal heat, 
cal'o-ry. = Calorie. 

Cal'othrix. A genus of filamentous schizomycetes 
resembling Clad'othrix, but having phycochrome 
in its cells. It is not known to be pathogenic. 
Calot’s operation (ca- 16 z). Forcible stretching under 
narcosis of the spinal column of a hunchback. 
Calot'ropis gigan'tea. An asclepiadaceous plant of 
India. ^ Mudar. 

Cal'tha palus'tris. is- Marigold. 
ca-lum'ba*. The dried root of Jateorhi'za palma'- 
ta; colomba; columbo. It is a bitter stomachic 
tonic, useful in dyspepsia, diarrhoea, dysentery, 

etc. FlUIDEXTRACTUM CALUMB^* ; TINCTURA 

CALUMB^*. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). From it are 
obtained ca-lum'bic acid, C22H.^407, a yellow, 
bitter substance, and ca-lum'bin (columbin), 
a bitter principle. 

cal-va'ri a*, -ri um. That portion of the cranium 
which is above the orbits of the eyes, the temples, 
the ears, and the occipital protuberance. [ < L. 
cal'vus bald.] fcal-va'ri an, as C. hook, a strong 
hook for removing the calvarium in autopsies, 
cal-vi'ti es. Want or loss of hair, particularly on 
the sinciput; baldness, Alopecia. C. palpe- 
bra'rum, loss of eyelashes. [ < L. cal'vus bald.] 
calx*, gen. cal'cis. 1. The U. S. P. name for lime 
or calcium oxide. It is prepared by calcining 
white marble, or the purest varieties of native 
calcium carbonate. It acts extemally as an 
escharotic. i^Lime; linimentum calcis*; 
LIQUOR CALCIS*; SYRUPUS CALCIS*. C. chlora'ta, 
the 1890 U. S. P. name for C. chlorinata*. C. 
chlorina'ta*, chlorinated lime or chlorinated cal¬ 
cium oxide; calx chlorata of the 1890 U. S. P.; 
often improperly called “ chloride of lime.” It 
is a compound resulting from the action of chlor¬ 
ine upon calcium hydroxide, and containing not 
less than 30% of available chlorine. Internally, 
it is stimulant and alterative. Dose, 0.25 Gm. 
(4 grs.). C. sulphura'ta*, sulphurated lime, a 
mixture prepared by heating calcium sulphate, 
charcoal, and starch and containing at least 60% 
of calcium sulphide (CaS) with some calcium sul¬ 
phate and carbon: used as a depilatory. Dose, 
0.065 Gm. (i gr.). C. e tes'tis, lime prepared 
from shells. C. vi'va, quicklime; calcium oxide, 
2. The heel. [ L., fr. small stone.] 


Calycan'thus flo'ridus. Carolina or Florida allspice; 
the bark is tonic and antiperiodic. Dose of fluid- 
extract, 2 to 4 Cc. (30 to 60 mins.), 
ca-lyp'ter. A blind pile. [< KalvTcrr/p covering.] 
ca'lyx, pi. cal'yces. i. A membranous cupdike di¬ 
vision of the renal pelvis or sac surrounding one 
or two of the papillae of the kidney. 2. In bot¬ 
any, the flowerscup, or the outer set of floral 
envelopes, for the most part green, and surround¬ 
ing the corolla. 3. The cavity in an ovary caused 
by the rupture of a graafian vesicle. [< naAv^ 
covering, the cup of a flower.] tca-lyc'i-form, as 
C. ce// = GOBLET5CELL: and C. papUlce ciRCVU- 
VALLATE PAPILL.®. 

cam'bi um. In botany, a layer of formative cells, 
lying between the wood proper and the inner 
bark. From them both the* wood and the bark 
are developed. [Late L., “exchange.”] 
cam-bo'gi a*, cam-bo'di a. Gamboge, a gum^resin 
obtained from Garci'nia hanbu'ri. It is a power¬ 
ful drastic hydragogue cathartic. Dose o. 125 Gm. 
(2 grs.). tS" P1LUL.E CATHARTIC.,® COMPOSITE®*, 
cam'brie tea. Hot water, milk, and sugar. 
Camel'lia theif'era. j^Tea. 

cam'e-ra, pi. -r(S. i. Any cavity or chamber, as 
of the heart. In the plural, the anterior and 
posterior chambers of the eye. 2. Any ventricle 
of the brain. C. aquo'sa, the anterior aqueous 
chamber of the eyeball. C. cor'dis, the peri¬ 
cardium. C. cra'nii, the cavity of the skull. C. 
lu'cida, a prism arranged so as to cast the image 
of an object upon paper, where it may be traced 
with a pencil. It is used principally in drawing 
pictures of objects enlarged by the microscope. 
C. oc'uli, the space between the lens and the 
cornea of the eye: divided by the iris into two 
chambers, the anterior camera and the posterior 
camera. C. ter'tia aquo'sa = Petit’s canal. 
cam'i-sole. The strait = jacket, formerly much used 
for the restraint of maniacal persons. [F.] 
Cam'midge’s pancreatic reaction. A complicated 
urinary reaction, of disputed value, for determin¬ 
ing the presenee of pancreatic disease. The 
fresh urine, freed from sugar and albumin if 
necessary, is boiled with hydroehloric aeid (to 
convert the glycerin into a glycerose?), the glycu- 
ronie acid is precipitated with lead, and treat¬ 
ment with phenylhydrazine forms an osazone in 
case of pancreatic disease, which is said to be 
more rapidly soluble in ^ sulphuric acid (15 to 
20 seconds) than is glucosazone (5 minutes), 
cam'o-mile. = Chamomile. 

camp fever or typhus, Typhus. C. measles, an 
epidemic of measles occurring among soldiers. 
Cam-pa'ni’s test. A test for glucose, made by ad¬ 
ding a mixture of concentrated solution of lead 
subacetate and dilute solution of copper acetate, 
when a preeipitate is produeed varying in color 
from yellow to red, according to the percentage 
of glucose present. 

Campan'ula trache'lium. Throatwort, a campanu- 
laceous plant of Europe: used as an astringent 
and vulnerary. 

Campeachy wax (eam-pi'tshi). A beeswax from 
Central America and Mexico, produced by bees 
of the genus Melipo'na: it is a good substitute 
for common wax. 

Cam'per’s angle, i®* Facial angle; maxillary 
ANGLE. C.’s ligament, the deep perineal fascia. 
C.’s line, a craniometric line extending from the 
external auditory meatus to a point immediately 
below the nasal spine. C.’s plane = auriculo- 


CAMPHACOL 


155 


CANALES 


SPINAL PLANE. C.’s profile line, a line tangent to 
the glabella and the most prominent point in the 
mid*line of the superior alveolar arch, 
cam'pha-col. A proprietary preparation contain¬ 
ing camphoric acid, guaiacol, and formaldehyde, 
cam'phene, cam'phine. i. A crystalline solid, CjoHjg, 
obtained from oil of turpentine; camphogen. 
With an equivalent of oxygen it forms camphor. 
2. One of a series of compounds having the for¬ 
mula CjgHjg, isomeric with oil of turpentine. 3. 
Burning fluid, a liquid composed of alcohol and 
oil of turpentine; formerly used in lamps, 
cam'phe-nol. A disinfectant and germicidal com¬ 
pound of camphor and phenols, 
cam-pho-cre'o-sote. =Carvacrol. 
cam'pho-gen. i. =Cymene. 2 . =Camphene, 
def. I. 

cam'phoid. A solution of pyroxylin in alcoholic 
solution of camphor, in the proportion of i in 40; 
a substitute for collodion, 
cam'phol. = Borneol. 

cam-phol'ic acid. An acid, CjgHjg02, produced by 
the action of an alcoholic solution of potash on 
camphor. 

camphophenique (cam-fo-fe-nic). A compound 
containing camphor and phenol; used as an anti¬ 
septic dressing for sores and wounds. [F.] 
cam'phor. =Camphora*. C. cerate = ceratum 
CAMPHOR.E*. C. ice, simple cerate 9 parts and 
camphor i part; used as a dressing for slight 
eruptions, and in the toilet. C. laurel, the Cinna- 
mo'mum cam'- 
phora. C. lini¬ 
ment = LINI- 
MENTUM CAM¬ 
PHORS*. C. of 
mace, a form of 
camphor, CjgHgg- 
O5, from oil of 
mace. C.=menthol, the N.F. name for a mixture 
of equal parts of camphor and menthol; used as a 
local application. C. naphthol, a brownish liquid, 
used as an antiseptic. It consists of a mixture 
of 2 parts of camphor with i part of betanaph- 
thol. C. ointment = UNGUENTUM CAMPHORS. C. 
salicylate, a liquid compound of camphor and 
salicylic acid; used in stimulating ulcers. Dose, 
0.3 Gm. (5grs.). C. spirit= spiritus camphors*. 
C. water = AQUA camphors*. [<Ar. kafiir.] 
cam'pho-ra*. Camphor, CjgHjgO, a dextrogyrate 
modification of the saturated ketone (CgHjgCO), 
obtained from Cinnamo'mum cam'phora, and 
purified by sublimation. Camphor is volatile, 
and has narcotic and diaphoretic properties. Its 
effect in moderate doses is to allay nervous irrita¬ 
tion ; but in overdoses it is poisonous and may 
produce death. Its extensive use in the manu¬ 
facture of smokeless powder has markedly in¬ 
creased its price. Dose, 0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). is" 
Aqua camphors*; linimentum camphors*; 
linimentum saponis*; spiritus camphors*; 
TiNCTURA opii CAMPHORATA*. C. monobroma'- 
ta*, monobromated camphor, a substitution prod¬ 
uct of camphor (CgHjgBr.CO), which may be 
produced by acting on camphor with bromine. It 
is in colorless prismatic needles or scales, per¬ 
manent in the air, unaffected by light, and hav¬ 
ing a mild, camphoraceous odor and taste. It is 
soluble in alcohol and ether. It is used as a ner¬ 
vous sedative in delirium tremens, hysteria, etc. 
Dose, 0.125 Gm. ( 2 grs.). C. oflicina'rum, a name 
for the camphor plant, Cinnamo'mum cam'phora. 



cam-pho-ra'ce ous, cam'phor-ous, cam'phor-oid. 

Relating to or resembling camphor, 
cam'pho-rate. A salt of camphoric acid, 
cam'pho-ra-ted. Having camphor, or combined with 
camphor. C. chloral = chloralscamphoratum. 
C. finiment = LINIMENTUM camphors*. C. men¬ 
thol = camphor MENTHOL. C. oil = LINIMENTUM 
CAMPHORS*. C. phenol, a mixture of equal parts 
of camphor and phenol; used as an antiseptic, 
local anaesthetic, and carminative. Dose, 0.3 to 
0.6 Cc. (5 to 10 mins.). C. tincture of opium = 
TINCTURA OPII CAMPHORATA*. C. Vinegar, a mix¬ 
ture of I part camphor, 60 parts alcohol, and 
180 parts vinegar. 

cam-phor'ic acid. =Acidum camphoricum*. 
cam'phor-ism. Poisoning with camphor; marked 
by gastritis, coma, and cramps, 
cam'phor-iine. A trade name for naphthalene made 
in the form of blocks. 

cam'pho-ro-ge'nol. Oxygenated oil of camphor, 
cam-phor-o-ma'ni a. A morbid craving for cam¬ 
phor. 

cam-pho-ron'ic acid. A substance, C9HJ2O5 -f- HgO, 
produced along with camphoric acid by the oxi¬ 
dation of camphor. 

cam-phor-ox'ol. A proprietary antiseptic and deo¬ 
dorant containing camphor, alcohol, and hydro¬ 
gen dioxide; used in 10% solution, 
cam-phrene'. A volatile substance, CgHj^O, formed 
by the action of sulphuric acid on camphor, 
cam'phy 1 alcohol. =Borneol. 
cam-pim'e-ter. The perimeter, an instmment' for 
measuring the field of vision. [< L. cam'pus 
field + me'trum measure.] 

Cam'plin’s biscuit. A bran biscuit for use in dia¬ 
betes. 

camp'sis. i. Forcible bending of a bone without 
fracture. 2. Abnormal curvature. [< Gr.] 
camp-to-dac'ty-lism, -dac-tyl'ia. A condition of 
permanent irreducible infiexibility of one or sev¬ 
eral fingers which develops gradually, painlessly 
and without inflammation, and affects only the 
interphalangeal points. [ < Ka/UTtrog bent + Mk- 
Tv?iog finger. Tf L. Feb. 22, ’08.] 
cam'py-lo-. Crooked; curved; a combining form. 
[< KafXKvXog bent or curved.] cam-py-lor'rha- 
chis, a deformed foetus with a crooked spine.— 
cam-py-lor-rhi'nus, a foetus with a crooked nose. 
— cam-py-los'ce-lus, a foetus with crooked legs, 
cam-pyl'o-tis. Distortion of the eyes; cataclasis. 

[ < Ka/j.TTvTioTTjg crookedness.] 
cam'wood. A red dye=wood from Ba'phia ni'tida, 
a leguminous tree of West Africa. 

Can'a-da (Ca-na'dian) balsam. =Terebinthina 
canadensis*. C. fleabane = Erigeron cana- 
DENSE. C. hemp = Apocynum cannabinum. 
C. liniment = LINIMENTUM opii compositum. C. 
pitch = Pix CANADENSIS. C. snake=root = Asa- 
RUM CANADENSE. C. turpentine = TEREBINTHINA 

canadensis*. 

can'a-dine. A white, crystalline alkaloid CgiFIjiNO^, 
from Hydras'tis canaden'sis. 
can'a-dol. An impure hexane, CgH^^, from petro¬ 
leum, used as a local anaesthetic, by spraying; 
nearly identical with rhigolene. 
canaigre (ca-ne'grf). The plant Ru'mex hymeno- 
se'palus, of Texas, Mexico, California, etc.; its roots 
are powerfully astringent. [Sp., “sour stalk.’’] 
ca-naF. Any passage in the body; a channel; 
CANALis*. For specially named canals see the ad¬ 
jectives and proper names. [ < L. cana'lis.\ 
ca-na'les. Plural of canalis*. [L.] 





CANALICULUS 


156 


CANCER 


can-a-lic'u-lus*, pi. -U. A small channel or vessel. 
Canalic'uli bilif'eri, the bilesducts. Canalic'uli of 
bone, fine tribes or canals radiating from the 
haversian canals. Canalic'uli caroticotympa'nici* 
= CAROTICOTYMPANIC CANALS. Canalic'uH den'ti- 
um, the dentinal tubules. Canalic'uli lachryma'les 
or of the eyelids, two tubes at the inner angle of 
the eyej opening respectively on the'upper and 
the lower lid in the lachrymal puncta, and con¬ 
verging to form the lachrymal duct. C. mastoi'- 
deu^* = MASTOID Canaliculus. C. pharyn'geus 
= PTERYGOPALATINE CANAL. Canalic'uli scnii- 
nif'eri = TUBULi seminiferi. C. tym^ian'icus* 
= TYMPANIC CANAL. Canallc'uli vaScula'res = 
HAVERSIAN CANALS. [L., dim. of cana'Us.^ fcan- 
a-lic'u-lar, as C. abscess, an abscess of the mam¬ 
mary gland, communicating with the lactiferous 
ducts: C. duct, any one of the smaller lactifer¬ 
ous ducts: C. instrument, a surgical instrument 
for operating on the lachrymal duct: and C. scis¬ 
sors, delicate scissors' having one blade probes 
pointed, Used for slitting the lachrymal canal, 
can-a-lic-u-li-za'tion, development of canaliculi. 
ca-na'lis*, pi. cana'les. A canal or channel: ap¬ 
plied to ;bloodsvessels, cavities, etc. C. adducto'- 
rius [Hun'teri]* = Hunter’s canal. Cana'les 
alveola'res*, the posterior dental canals. C. 
arterio'sus, a bloodsvessel which unites the pul¬ 
monary artery and aorta in the foetus. C. carot'- 
icus* = CAROTID CANAL. C. ccntra'lis*, the cen¬ 
tral-canal traversing the spinal cord. C. cer-vi'- 
cis u'teri*, the canal of neck of uterus. C. cho- 
IM'ochus, the common bile duct. C. cochlea'ris, 
the canal of the cochlea. C. condyloi'deus*, the 
posterior condyloid foramen. C. def'erens = 
VAs deferens. Cana'les diplo'ici [Breschet'i]* 
= Breschet’s canals. C. facia'lis [Fallo'pii]* 
= AQUEDUCT OF Fallopius. C. fcmora'lis* = 

FEMORAL CANAL. C. guttura'lis = EUSTACHIAN 
TUBE. C. hyaloi'dea* = hyaloid canal. C. 
hypoglos'si*, the anterior condyloid foramen. 
Cana'les laqueifor'mes, “noosesshaped channels,” 
Henle’s loops. C. mandib'ulae* or maxilla'ris, the 
inferior dental canal. C. musculotuba'rius*, the 
joint canals of the eustachian tube and the tensor 
tyrapani muscle. C. obturato'rius* = obtura¬ 
tor CANAL. C. pharynge'us* — pterygopalatine 
canal. C. pterygoi'deus[Vid'ii]* = vidian canal. 
C. pterygopalati'nus*, the posterior palatine 
canal.' C. recur'rens = vidian canal. C. reu'- 
niens-, the. short canal within the internal ear 
uniting the saccule with the membranous cochlea. 
C. rotun'dus = FORAMEN ROTUNDUM. C. sacra'- 
lis*, the sacral canal, or continuation of the ver¬ 
tebral canal through the sacrum. C. schlem'mi 
(lau'thi)=ScHLEMM’s CANAL. C. veno'sus, a canal 
which conveys the blood from the umbilical vein 
at the liver to the ascending vena cava in the 
foetus. [L., fn can'na hollow reed.] 
ca-nal-i-za'tion. i. The formation of a channel 
through a structure. 2. Draining of wounds by 
perforating the skin with drainage^holes. 
ca-nal'ized fibrin. = Hyalin, def. i. 
ca-nan'ga oil. =Ylangsylang oil. 
can'cel-late, can'cel-lated, can'cel-lous. Having a 
latticed appearance; resembling lattice=work. C. 
exostosis, an exostosis of cancellous or spongy 
tissue. C. tissue, the spofigy tissue, consisting of 
fine interlacing fibres and plates of bone, which 
makes up the interior and articular extremities of 
bone, fcan-cel-la'tion, the state of being cancel¬ 
lated: reticulation. 


can .'li. Lattices: minute divisions in the retic¬ 
ulated structure of bones. 

can'cer. i. {Of the older writers.) Any malignant 
tumor, including both carcinoma and sarcoma. 
2. A CARCINOMA, or malignant tumor, of which 
there are many forms. The principal distinction 
is into hard cancer, or scirrhus, and soft can¬ 
cer, or ENCEPHALOID. -ADENOCARCINOMA. 

Scirrhus {oK/ppog hard) is'the form of cancer most 
commonly met- with. Encephaloid (eyKCcpaXov 
brain) is so called from its obvious resemblance to 
brain ^tissue. - This is the most malignant form of 
cancer, and spreads very rapidly. The trans¬ 
plantation of epithelial tissues may cause a pro¬ 
liferation of connective =tissue cells which can not 
be distinguished from a sarcoma. ^Cancroin. 
Some of the varieties of cancer are Adenoid, 
Alveolar, Apinoid, Aran’s green, Areolar (= 
colloid). Black (= melanocancroid). Cauli¬ 
flower, Cerebriform ( = encephaloid, def. 2), 
Chimney-sweepers' ( = cancer scroti), Chon- 
droid, Chronic, Clay=pipe, Colloid, Cuirass or 
corset. Cylindrical-celled (^cylindroma). Cystic, 
Dendritic (= papilloma). Dermoid, Desmoid, 
Encephaloid, Epithelial, Fasciculated, Fun¬ 
gous ( = FUNGUS H^MATODES), GeLATINIFORM, 
( = chloroma), Hwmatoid (= fungus 
H^MATODE s), Hard (= scirrhus), Lipomatous, 
Medullary, Melanotic, Mucous ( = colloid). 
Nephroid, Osteoid, Pultaceous (= colloid). 
Rodent, Scirrhous, Scrotal ( = cancer scroti). 
Smokers' ( = clay=pipe). Soft ( = medullary), 
SoLANOID, Soot ( = CANCER SCROTl), Stone ( = 
scirrhus). Tubular ( = adenoid), Villous (= 
papilloma). Water ( = cancrum oris), and 
Withering ( = scirrhous). C. k deux, “cancOr 
by twos,” cancer attacking two persons living 
in close communion but not related by blood, 
either simultaneously or in succession. [ F.] C. 
aqua'ticus = CANCRUM oris. C.sbandage, a ban¬ 
dage so applied that its eight tails resemble the 
legs of a crab. C.sbodies, bodies of unknown 
nature found between cancerscells: believed by 
some to be parasites and by others to be degen¬ 
erated products of cancerscells of the types of 
mucoid or hyaline degeneration. 1^ Plimmer’s 
BODIES., C. caminario'rum, ‘‘chimney-sweepers’ 
cancer ” = CANCER scroti. C.=cell, a form of 
cell frequently observed in malignant growths, 
and forming the essential part of cancer. C. en 
cuirasse = cuirass cancer. [F.] C.sglobe, a 
spherical, aggregated mass of cancer-cells. C.s 
juice, the milky juice which may be squeezed or 
scraped from cancerous tissue, and in which the 
cancer-cells are suspended. C. mundito'rum, 
‘‘chimney-sweepers’ cancer”= cancer scroti. 
C. mushroom, a mass resembling a mushroom, 
caused by cancer of the uterine os. C.5nest = 
= CANCER-GLOBE. C.sparasite, a body found be¬ 
tween cancer-cells, believed to be a parasite. 

Cancer-bodies. C.sroot = Epiphegus Vir¬ 
ginian a. C. scro'ti, cancer of the scrotum, to 
which chimney-sweepers are e.specially exposed, on 
account of the irritating effects of soot: chimney¬ 
sweepers’ cancer; scrotal cancer. C.sweed = 
Salvia lyrata. [ L., ‘‘ crab,” its turgid veins and 
branch-like extensions having been supposed to 
resemble a crab’s claws.] fcan'ce-rate. to become 
cancerous, can-ce-rat'ic, can'ce-rous, relating to 
or of the nature of cancer, can-ce-ra'tion, the 
assumption of cancerous qualities, can'ce-rism, 
cancerous diathesis.. , • .f 


CANCERIN 


157 


CANQUOIN’S PASTE 


can'ce-rin. A white, crystalline ptomaine, CgHg- 
NO3, from the urine of those afflicted with uter¬ 
ine- carcinoma. 

c^^ce-ro-derm. A tenu for numerous large angio- 
jnata occurring in certain of those afflicted with 
. cancer and believed to be associated with malig- 
^ nant growths; De Morgan’s spots, 
pan-cer-rpho/bi a. Abnormal dread of cancer, 
.canchalagua (can-tsha-la'gwa). A name for Ery- 
( thrce'a chilen'sis and other plants of the same 
genus: bitter tonics with the properties of gen¬ 
tian.^ [Sp. Amer.] 
can'cri-form. Resembling a cancer, 
can'crin. Anticancrin. 

can'croid. i. Resembling cancer. 2. A malignant 
disease, not of a pronounced cancerous type. 3. 
= Keloid. 4. A pediculated carcinomatous 
tumor. C. nodules, small, waxy nodules seen in 
epithelioma of the skin. C. ulcer = rodent 
ULCER. [< L. cancereldog form.] 
can'cro-in. A principle obtained from cancerous 
tissue, .believed to be identical with neurin. By 
some it is regarded as the proper alexin of 
cancer=poison; and it has therefore been injected 
hypodermically in cases of cancer, with alleged 
benefit. It was introduced by Adamkiewicz, 
can-cro-pho'bi a. Fear of cancer, 
cancro'rum che'lae. “ Crabs’ claws,” the claws of 
jthe Can'cer pagu'rus, the blacksclawed or large 
edible crab: these, when prepared by grinding, 
constitute the prepared crabs’ claws of the shops, 
formerly used to coirect acidity in the stomach 
and bowels. C. lapil'li, “ crabs’ stones,” and C. 
oc'uli, ” crabs’ eyes,” small concretions found in 
the stomach of the European crawfish: used for 
the same purposes as the preceding. [L.] 
can'crum. Canker. C. na'si, gangrenous rhinitis. 
C. o'ris, “ canker of the mouth,” a deep, foul, 
' fetid, irregular ulcer inside the lips and cheeks, 
often attended with a discharge of blood; gan- 
< ' grene of the mouth; noma; cancer aquaticus. 

C. puden'di = NOMA pudendi. ‘[L.] 
can-de'la, pi. -ce. A bougie. C. fuma'lis, a pastille 
for fumigation. [L., “candle.”] 
can-di-dat'. A medical student in Germany who 
has passed his physicum. [Ger.] 
can'dle-ber-ry. Myrica cerifera, or its fruit, 
can'dlesfish oil. =Eulachon. 
c^^dlesnut tree. = Aleurites triloba. 
cah'dlespow-er. A unit of ilkiminating power:, the 
power of a spermaceti candle burning under stan¬ 
dard conditions, VernonsHarcourt unit. 
Canel'la. i. A genus of clusiaceous trees. 2. A 
name for the bark of Canel'la al'ba. C. al'ba, 
white canella, laurebleaved canella, yielding an 
aromatic, tonic, and stimulant bark somewhat 
resembling cinnamon. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
Oa-nes-tri'ni’s bacillus. A species causing a disease 
of bees in Italy and producing a pink pigment. 
caneGsu-gar. Sugar obtained from the sugar-cane. 
t^SACCHARUM; sugar. 

canine (c6'nain or ce-nain'). Belonging to the dog. 
C. appetite = BULIMIA. C. eminence, a vertical 
ridge on the external surface of the superior 
maxillary bone over the root of the canine tooth. 
C. fossa, a depression on the outer surface of the 
superior maxillary bone, beneath the infraorbital 
foramen; fossa canina*. C. hunger = bulimia. 
C. laugh = Risus CANiNUs. C. .madness — hy¬ 
drophobia. C. muscle, the levator anguli oris; 
so called because it produces an expression like 
the snarling of a dog. C. prominence “C. 


EMINENCE. C. spasm = CYNIC SPASM. C. teeth, 
eye-teeth; the four teeth immediately adjoining 
the incisors; denies canini*. [< L. ca'nis dog.] 
ca-nin'i-form. Shaped like a canine tooth. , 
cani'nus ri'sus. =Risus caninus. [L., “canine 
laugh.”] .... , i 

canities (ca-msh'i-iz). .Grayness of the hair; pofio- 
sis. [ < L. ca'nus gray=haired.] 
can'ker. A popular name for sore mouth of vari¬ 
ous kinds. C.slettuce, the plant Py'rola rotundi- 
• fo'lia, a domestic remedy for sore mouth. C. of 
the mouth = CANCRUM oris. C.srash, scarlatina 
or the eruption that characterizes it. 

Can'na. A genus of marantaceous plants. The 
fecula (canna starch) prepared from the rhizome 
of an undetermined species of Can'na is used for 
the same purpose as arrow-root. 

Can'nabis. A genus of urticaceous plants. C. 
america'na, “ American cannabis,” Can'nabis 
sati'va, grown in the Southern United, States. C. 
in'dica*. “ Indian hemp.” i. A kind of hemp 
well known in Turkey, Asia Minor, India, etc., 
the flowering tops of which furnish an intoxicat¬ 
ing drug called Bang, Bangue, Bhang, Churrus, 
or Gunjah, by the. Hindoos; Hashish or Hasheesh, 
by the Arabs; Maslach by the Turks; and by the 
Hottentots, Dacha, It is now believed to be 
merely a variety of the common hemp, or Can'¬ 
nabis sati'va. 2. The U. S. P. name for Indian 
cannabis, the dried flowering tops of the pistillate 
plants of Can'nabis sati'va, grown in the East 
Jndies and gathered while the fruits are yet 
undeveloped, and carrying the whole of their 
natural resin. Dose, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.). i^Ex- 

TRACTUM CANNABIS INDICT*; FLUIDEXTRACTUM 
CANNABIS INDICT*; TINCTURA CANNABIS INDICT.* 

C. sati'va, the systematic name of common hemp. 
Hemp is a powerful narcotic, causing exhilara¬ 
tion, intoxication, and subsequently drowsiness 
and stupor. It is used in tetanus, neuralgia, 
migraine, delirium tremens, mental depression, 
dysmenorrhoea, chronic metritis, and spasm of 
the bladder. From it are obtained the highly 
poisonous can'na-bene, Cj^Hgo, oil of Indian hemp, 
and its hydride, CjgH22, a denser oil; can'na-bin, 
a resinoid, used in doses of from 0.015 to 0.06 
Gm. to I gr.) ; can-na-bin'don, CgHjgO, a dark, 
cherry-red syrup, given in doses of from 0.02 to 
0.06 Cc. to I min.) ; can'na-bine, an alkaloid, 
given in doses of from o.i to 0.25 Gm. (i^ to 4 
grs.), and its tannate, given in doses of from 0.5 
to I Gm. (8 to 15 grs.) ; can-nab'i-nol, C^gH2402, by 
fractional distillation and supposed to be its mo^st 
active ingredient; can-nab'i-none, a balsamic resin, 
given in doses of from 0.03 to o.i Gm. to 
grs.); and canma-bi-tet'a-nine, a convulsitant alka¬ 
loid. [< Kavvafk^, ir. Kavva csixie.] fcan'na-bism, 
the morbid condition produced by the habitpal 
use of Can'nabis in'dica. [ Wood, p. 114, ’08.] 
can'nel-la-ted bodies. = Corpora striata. 
can'non bone. The metacarpal bone of the horse, 
can'nu-la. A tubular surgical instrument, intro¬ 
duced by means of a stilette into a cavity or a 
tumor, for drawing off fluid. C. scissors, probe- 
pointed scissors for cutting a canal longitudinally. 
i^Bellocq’s c.; perfusion c. ; trocar. [L. 
dim. of can'na reed.] tcan'nu-lated or can'nu- 
lar, as C. needle, a tubular ligating peedle through 
which the thread may be passed. 

Canquoin’s paste (can-cwanz). A paste made of 
equal parts of zinc chloride and flour; used to 
destroy cancerous tumors. 


CANTANI’S SERUM 


158 


CAPILLICULUS 


Can-ta'ni’s serum. Sodium carbonate, 3 Gm.; so¬ 
dium chloride, 4 Gm.; and water to 1000 Cc. 
C.’s treatment, treatment of Asiatic cholera by- 
hot enemata of an infusion of chamomile, tannin, 
and laudanum, and subcutaneous injections of 
Cantani’s serum. 

can'ter-ing rhythm. = Bruit de galop. 
can'thal. Pertaining to a canthus. C. ligaments, 
the external and internal palpebral ligaments, 
can-tha-ri'a-sis. i. A disease caused by the pres¬ 
ence of a coleopterous insect in the body. 2. 
= Cantharidism. 

can'tha-ris*, pi. canthar'ides. The beetle, Can'tharis 
vesicato'ria (also known as Mus'ca hispanio'la, 
Lyt'ta vesicato'ria, and. Mel'oe vesicato'rius), thor¬ 
oughly dried at a temperature not exceeding 40° 
C. (104° F.); Spanish fly; blistering beetle. In 
moderate doses cantharides are diuretic and 
stimulant to the genito=urinary organs. Applied 
externally they are vesicant and rubefacient. 
Dose, 0.03 Gm. gr.). e^Ceratum canth. 4 R- 

IDIS*; COLLODIUM CANTHARIDATUM*; TINCTUR.\ 
CANTHARiDis*. From cantharides is obtained 
can-thar'i-din, CjqHj204, a peculiar substance on 
which their vesicating property depends, and this 
when combined with water forms can-tha-rid'ic 
acid, CjoHi405, a dibasic acid, the potassium salt 
of which is used in medicine. Canthar'ides cerate 
or plaster = CERATUM cantharidis*. Canthar'ides 
paper = CHARTA cantharidis. [L., fr. Kavdapog 
beetle.] fcan-thar'i-dal, as C. collodion = collodi- 
UM CANTHARIDATUM*. can-thar'i-date. i. To treat 
with cantharides. 2. A salt of cantharidic acid, 
can-thar'i-dism, the diseased condition induced by 
the injudicious or excessive use of cantharides. 
can-thar'i-dize. can-thar'i-dized, as C. collodion 

= COLLODIUM CANTHARIDATUM*. 

can-thec'to-my. Exsection of a canthus. [ < Kavdog 
canthus+£/vro/iy excision.] 
can-thi'tis. Inflammation of one or both canthi. 
can-thol'y-sis. Section of the canthus of the eye 
and the canthal ligament. [ < KavOdg canthus + 
?ivaig loosening.] 

can'tho-plas-ty. i. The operation of transplanting 
a portion of the conjunctiva of the eyeball to the 
external canthus of the eyelids. 2. Canthotomy 
with stitching of the skin and mucous membrane 
of each lid, to prevent reunion. [ < KavOog can¬ 
thus + TiTidGcjeiv to form.] fcan-tho-plas'tic. 
can-thor'rha-phy. The suturing of either canthus 
of the eye. 

can-thot'o-my. The surgical division or slitting of 
either canthus. 

can'thus, pi. -thi. The angle formed by the junc¬ 
tion of the eyelids, the internal (angulus oculi 
medialis*) being the greater, nasal, or inner, and 
the external {angulus oculi lateralis*), the lesser, 
temporal, or outer canthus. [< KavBog.) 
can'tus gal'li. Child^crowing; laryngismus stridu¬ 
lus. [L., “ cock=crowing.”] 
can'u-la. = Cannula, 

ca-nu-til'lo. The astringent plant Eph'edra anti- 
syphilit'ica of the Southwestern United States: 
used in venereal complaints. [Sp., “little pipe.”] 
can'vas. =Carbasus. 

caoutchouc (cu'tshwc). Elastic gum, or Indian 
rubber; the concrete juice of Jat'ropha elas'tica, 
Fi'cus in'dica, Artocar’pus integrifo'lia, Sipho'nia 
elas'tica, Fi'cus elas'tica, and several species of 
He'vea and of Castillo'a. It is insoluble in alco¬ 
hol, but soluble in essential oils. Combined with 
sulphur and exposed to a high temperature, it is 


converted into a valuable elastic material called 
vulcanized rubber or vulcanite. This preserves 
its elasticity under the influence of both heat and 
cold. It is compressible with great difficulty and 
resists the ordinary solvents. Caoutchouc is used 
in the arts for an immense variety of purposes, 
and has numerous applications in chemistry 
and surgery. C. pelvis = indiasrubber pelvis. 
fcaoutchene (cu'chin), a colorless oily com¬ 
pound, CjqHjq, contained in oil of caoutchouc, 
caoutchoucin (cu'tshfl-sfn), an oily volatile sub¬ 
stance from caoutchouc by distillation. It is a 
valuable but expensive solvent for caoutchouc. 
Cap. Abbr. for L. ca'pe, take, and for L. ca'piat, 
let him take. 

cap. In dentistry, a concave piece of ivory or gold 
used to cover an opening into the pulpscavity 
of a tooth before Ailing, in order to prevent 
pressure on the pulp, kneescap = patella. 
ca-pac'i-ty. The power of containing, tm- Respi¬ 
ratory C. ; THERMAL C. ; VITAL C. 

Cape gum. A variety of gum arabic, derived from 
Aca'cia hor'rida of the Cape of Good Hope, 
capelet (capf-le). A capped hock, a wendike 
swelling upon the heel of a horse’s hock, 
cap'e-line bandage. A bandage applied so as to re¬ 
semble a hood. It is applied to the stump of a 
limb after amputation, and is made by passing 
the bandage alternately over the end of the limb 
and around the limb, the covering part being held 
in place by the circular folds, 
ca'pers. The pickled flowersbuds of Capparis 

SPINOSA. 

ca'pi at. An instrument designed' for the removal 
from the uterus of a foreign body, such as a frag¬ 
ment of the placenta. [L., “let it take.”] 
capillaire (cap-f-ldr). A syrup made with sugar or 
honey from the fern termed Adian'tum capil'lus^ 
ven'eris (popularly known as “ maiden’s hair”). 
The name is also sometimes given to other syrups 
made in imitation of the above. Capillaire is 
employed as a demulcent in coughs. [F.] 
capdl-lar-ec-ta'si a. Dilatation of the capillaries, 
cap'il-la-ry. i. Resembling a hair in size. 2. Per¬ 
taining to a flne, hair^like tube; pertaining to a 
capillary vessel. 3. One of the minute blood* 
vessels which form a network between the ter¬ 
minations of arteries and the beginnings of veins. 
4. A small lymphatic duct. 5. A biliary cana¬ 
liculus. C. attraction, the power by which a liquid 
rises in a very small tube higher than the surface 
of the liquid which surrounds it. C. bronchitis, 
BRONCHITIS. C. circulation, circulation of the 
blood in the capillaries. C. dilatation, telan¬ 
giectasis. C. drainage, drainage by capillary at¬ 
traction, as by wisps of hair, catgut, etc., pro¬ 
jecting from the wound. C. embolism, embolism 
of capillary blood=vessels. C. fissure or fracture, 
a hairslike fracture of a bone. C. hemorrhage, 
oozing of blood from capillary vessels. C. layer of 
the choroid, IS" cHORiocAPiLLARis. C. nasvus = 
N.®vus VASCULARIS. C. pulse, pulsation in Capil¬ 
lary vessels, as sometimes seen under the finger* 
nails. C. puncture, a puncture made with a very 
fine needle. C. sheath, the wall of a lymphatic 
vessel surrounding a capillary. [<C L. capilla'ris, 
fr. capil'lus hair.] fca-pil-lar'i-ty. 
ca-pil'li-cul-ture. Treatment for the restoration of 
the hair. [< L. capil'lus h.a\x cultu'ra culture.] 
cap-il-lic'u-lus, pi. -li. Any one of the arterial and 
venous radicles pervading the tissues of every or¬ 
gan. [L., dim. of capil'lus hair.] 


CAPISTRUM 


159 


CAPSULAR 


ca-pis'trum. i. The single splitscloth bandage: so 
called from its being used to support the lower 
jaw like a bridle. 2. An old name for lockjaw. 
3. The fraenum of the prepuce. [L., “a bridle,” 
ir.ca'pere to take.] fcap-is-tra'tion = phimosis. 
cap'i-tal. I. Belonging to the head or life, and, 
hence, of great or vital importance. 2. The 
upper part of an alembic. 3. Applied in the 
plural neuter to medicines for the head, capitalia 
medicamenta. 4. Applied in surgery to the more 
important and dangerous operations (C. opera¬ 
tions). [< L. capita'lis, fr. ca'put head or life.] 
cap-i-ta'tum. =Os magnum. [L.] 
cap-i-tel'lum. The rounded eminence on the hu¬ 
merus for articulation with the radius. [L.] 
cap‘i-ti-duc'tor. An obstetric forceps. [ < L. ca'put 
head + due'tor drawer.] 
cap*i-ti-lu'vi um. A bath for the head, 
ca-pi'ti um. A bandage for the head made either 
with a quadrangular (C. quadrangula're) or a tri¬ 
angular (C. triangula're) cloth. [L.] 
ca-pit'ra-ha. Midwifery forceps for drawing the 
impacted head of a foetus from the pelvis. [< 
L. ca'put h.ea. 6 .-\-tra'here to draw.] 
ca-pit'u-lar process. The articular facet on a ver¬ 
tebra for the head of a rib. 
ca-pit'u-lum. i. A protuberance of bone received 
into a hollow portion of another bone. C. hu'- 
meri* = CAPITELLUM. C. of Santorini = cornic- 
ULUM LARYNGis. 2. The bulb of a hair. [L. 
dim. of ca'put head.] 

ca-pi'vi. A common name for copaiba balsam, 
cap'no-mor. A colorless, transparent liquid, the 
oily ingredient in tar, which can dissolve caout¬ 
chouc. It occurs along with creosote in the 
heavy oil of tar. [<CKaTrv 6 g smoke-I-part: 
so called because it is an ingredient of smoke.] 
ca'pon. A castrated cock, fca'po-nize. 
capotement (ca-pot-mon). A splashing sound heard 
in dilatation of the stomach. [F.] 

Cappagnoli’s test (ca-pan-yo'liz). A test for glu¬ 
cose, made by adding a solution of copper hy¬ 
droxide in potassium hydrate, when a blue color 
is produced. 

Cap'paris. A genus of capparidaceous shrubs. C. 
spino'sa is the caper. Several species are used 
in medicine as irritants and antispasmodics. 
capped elbow. =Shoesboil. 
cap'ping. In dentistry, applying a cap. 
cap'rate. A combination of capric acid with a base, 
cap-re'na-lin. A proprietary preparation of supra¬ 
renal glands. 

cap're-o-late, cap're-o-la-ry. Resembling tendrils: 
applied to the spermatic vessels, or .va'sa capre- 
ola'ria, from their twisted appearance. [< L. 
capre'olus tendril.] 

cap'ric acid. A volatile acid, CjoHgoOg, of a goaty 
odor, found in butter from the milk of the goat 
or cow, and in cocoanut oil and fusel oil; decdic 
acid; rutic acid. [< L. ca'pra she-goat.] 
ca-pril'o-quism. ==^gophony. [< L. goat 

-I- lo'qui to speak.] 

cap'rin. i. A caprate of glyceryl. 2. Glyceryl 
tricaprate, C3Hj(CioHig02)3, occurring in butter; 
tricaprin; tributyrin. 
ca-prin'ic acid. = Capric acid. 
cap'ri-zant. Bounding or leaping: said of the pulse 
when a weak throb is succeeded by one much 
stronger, or when a pulseless interval is followed 
by tumultuous pulsations. [< L. ca'per goat.] 
zap'ri-zate. To bound, as an irregular pulse. [< 
L. capriza're to leap as a goat.] 


ca-pro'ic acid. An oily, limpid liquid, CgHj^Oj, 
with a disagreeable odor, obtainable from barium 
caproate, and entering into the constitution of 
butter; hexoic acid. [< L. ca'pra, she^goat, from 
its odor.] fc^P^ro-ate, a salt of caproic acid, 
cap'ro-in. i. A caproate of glyceryl. 2. Glyceryl 
tricaproate, C3H5(CgHjj02)3, occurring in butter; 
tricaproin. 

cap'rone. A colorless oil, CJ1H22O, obtained by dis¬ 
tilling calcium caproate, and occurring naturally 
in butter; diamyl ketone. 

ca-pro'yl. The radical, CgHj^O, of caproic acid; 

hexoyl. C. hydride = hexane. 
cap-ro-yl'a-mine. = Hexylamine. 
cap'ryl. The radical, CgHj^, occurring in caprylic 
acid and other compounds; octyl, 
cap-ryl-am'ine. = Octylamine. 
cap'ry-lene. =Octylene. 

ca-pryl'ic acid. A fatty acid, CgHjgOj, with a faint, 
disagreeable odor, occurring in cow’s butter and 
in cocoanut oil; octoic acid, 
cap'ry-lin. i. A caprylate of glycerin. 2. Glyceryl 
tricaprylate, C3H5(CgH,502)3, occurring in butter; 
tricaprylin. 

Cap'sicum*. i. A genus of solanaceous plants; red 
or Cayenne pepper. C. an'nuum and C. Ion'gum 
furnish the fruc'tus cap'sici of the Ger. P. 2. The 
U. S. P. name for the dried ripe fruit of Cap'si¬ 
cum fastigia'tum, or Cayenpe pepper. Capsicum 
is a powerful stimulant, without any narcotic 
effect. Whether taken into the stomach or ap¬ 
plied e'jttemally, it causes a decided sense of heat 
or burning; but its influence upon the general 
system bears no proportion to its local action. 
Capsicum is chiefly used in medicine as a stom¬ 
achic and rubefacient. Its continued use is said 
to cause testicular atrophy. Dose, 0.065 
(i gr.). Fluidextractum capsici*; oleo- 
RESiNA CAPSICI*; TiNCTURA CAPSICI*. C. plaster 
= EMPLASTRUM CAPSICI*. [ < /ccTTreiP to devo'ur, 
to bite.] fcap-sa'i-cin, a crystallizable and ex¬ 
ceedingly acrid principle, C9Hj402, derived from 
capsicum: it is an essential part of the oleoresin 
of capsicum and of capsicol. cap-sal'i-cin, a 
strongly irritant, crystalline principle from capsi¬ 
cum. cap'si-cin. i. An acrid, soft resin obtained 
by digesting the alcoholic extract of Cap'sicum 
an'nuum in ether and evaporating the ethereal 
solution. Dose, 0.008 to 0.016 Gm. to ^ gr.). 

2. A volatile alkaloid obtained from capsicum. 

3. A kind of camphor which exists in a small 
percentage in capsicum, cap'si-col, oil of capsi¬ 
cum: it is a volatile oil of a red color. 

cap-si'tis. = Capsulitis. [</cdi/^a case.] 
cap-sot'o-my. = Capsulotomy. 
cap'su-la*, pi. -Icc. 1. = Capsule. 2. The internal 
capsule of the brain. Cap'sulae amyla'ceee, wafer 
capsules; cachets. [L., ‘‘a little box.”] 
cap-su-laes'cic acid. An acid derived from the cap¬ 
sules of horse ^chestnuts. [<L. cap'sula capsule 
+ (Bs'cuius horse=chestnut.] 
cap'su-lar. Relating to or like a capsule. C. ad¬ 
vancement, the operation of making an attach¬ 
ment of a portio’n of the capsule of Tenon in 
front of its normal position, in order to bring 
forward the attachment of the tendon of an ad¬ 
jacent ocular muscle. C. ankylosis, ankylosis 
caused by cicatricial contraction of the capsule. C. 
artery, the suprarenal arterv. C. cataract, cata¬ 
ract caused by opacity of the capsule of the lens. 
C. fibres, fibres in the internal capsule of the cere¬ 
brum, springing from the motor and sensory areas 


CAPSULE 


160 


CARBOHYDRATURIA 


of the cerebral cortex. C. ligament, a ligament 
attached to the borders of articulating bones and 
enclosing the joint. C. vein, a suprarenal vein. 

cap'sule. I. A membranous bag containing some 
part or organ, or the extremities of bones, form¬ 
ing a joint; capsula*. For specially named 
varieties see the adjectives and proper names. 
C. of Bowman == Bowman’s capsule. C. of the 
cerebrum, external capsule; internal cap¬ 
sule. External c., external. C. of Glisson, 
g^glisson. C; of a glomerulus = Bowman’s 
CAPSULE. Internal c., internal. C. of the 
lens, a transparent and structureless sac in y^hich 
the lens of the eye is enclosed. The portion 
covering the anterior surface is called the anterior 
capsule; that covering the posterior surface the 
posterior capsule. C. of the teeth = Nasmyth’s 
MEMBRANE. C. of Tenon, FASCIA OF Tenon ; 
TUNICA ALBUGINEA ocuLi. 2. In botany, a 
membranous pericarp; a dry, dehiscent seed* 
vessel. The true capsule is the pod of a com¬ 
pound pistil. 3. A dry and hard or soft and 
flexible case formed by some soluble material 
and used for enclosing a single dose of some ill- 
tasting or otherwise disagreeable medicine, 
Gelatin capsule. [<L. cap'sula, dim. of cap'sa; 
Kaipa box.] fcap-su-la'tion, the enclosing of a dose 
of medicine within a capsule, cap-su-li'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of the capsule of the lens; capsitis. 

cap'su-lo-. Relating to the capsule of the lens: a 
combining form. [< L. cap'sula capsule.] cap*- 
su-lo-cil'i-a-ry, pertaining to the capsule of the 
lens and the ciliary body.—- cap‘su-lo-len-tic'u- 
lar, pertaining to the lens and its capsule.— cap*- 
su-lo-pu'pil-la-ry membrane, a vascular mem¬ 
brane surrounding the capsule of the lens of the 
embryonic eye in an early stage of development. 
— cap-su-lot'o-my, a surgical incision, or slitting, 
of the capsule of the lens of the eye: the instru¬ 
ment used being termed a cap'su-lo-tome. 

cap-ta'tion. The opening stage of hypnotism. 

cap'tol. A condensationsproduct of chloral and 
tannin; tannochloral : used as a hair*lDtion. 

Capuron’s cardinal points (ca-pti-rdnz). = Cardi¬ 
nal POINTS, def. 2. 

ca'put. I. The head, consisting of the cranium, or 
skull, and the face. 2. Any prominent object, 
like the head. C. cae'cum co'li, the large “blind” 
pouch representing the initial part of the colon; 
that portion of the colon which lies below the 
ileocaecal valve. C. co'li, the “ head of the colon,” 
that is, the caecum. C. cor'nu posterio'ris = 
CAPUT GELATiNOSUM. C. fem'oris*, the head of 
the femur. C. galea'tum, “ helmeted head,” the 
head of a child when covered with the caul. C. 
gallina'ginis, “ head of a woodcock,” the verumon- 
tanum, or prominent fold of the lining membrane 
in the prostatic portion of the urethra; the crista 
urethrae. C. gelatino'sum, the expanded end of 
the posterior horn of the gray matter of the 
spinal cord; caput cornu posterioris. C. hu'meri*, 
the head of the humerus. C. incunea'tum, impac¬ 
tion of the head of the foetus in labor. C. me- 
du'sae, the appearance produced by dilatation of 
the small cutaneous veins around the navel, due 
to arrest of circulation. C. mor'tuum, the worth¬ 
less residuum after distillation. C. obsti'pum, 
“ inclined head,” wrysneck; torticollis. C. pe'nis, 
the glans penis. C. quadra'tum, a rectangular^ 
shaped head, seen in rickets. C. succeda'neum, a 
dropsical swelling appearing on the presenting 
head of the foetus during labor: caused by the 


lack of pressure on that part. C. tes'tis, the 
epididymis. [L.] 

ca-ra-a'te. = Pinta disease. - t 

car-a-gheen'. = Chondrus. 

Car-a-ma'ni a gum. =Bassora gum. 
car'a-mel. i. A brown substance, CijHjgOg, forrned 
by partly decompo.sing sugar by the action of 
heat. 2. A sort of confectionery, 
ca-ran'na. A dark*colored resin obtained from 
several trees of South America and Mexico: for¬ 
merly used in plasters. 

Car'apa guianen'sis. A tropical meliaceous tree, 

, whose bark is febrifuge and antispasmodic, and 
whose seeds furnish carapa oil or crab oil, used as 
a protective against insects. . , 

ca-ra'te. = Pinta disease. 
car'a-way. =Carum*. 
car-bac-i-dom'e-try. = Carbonometry. 
car-bam'ic acid. A hypothetical acid CO.NHj.OH, 
being carbonic acid in which NH2 takes the plp,ce 
of OH; amidoformic acid, tcar'ba-mate. 
car'ba-mide. Urea or one of its isomers, 
car-ba-mil'ic acid. = Euphorin. 
car'ba-mine. = Isocyanide. , 

car'ba-nil. Phenyl isocyanate, C7H5NO, a liquid 
with a very pungent odor. 
car-ba-nil'e-thane. = Euphorin, , 

carb-an'i-lide. = Diphenyl urea. , 

car'ba-sus. i. An obsolete name for cotton, lint, 
or charpie. 2. In surgery, canvas; in more re¬ 
cent use, surgical gauze. C. carbola'ta, the former 
, N. F. name for carbolized gauze; gauze impreg¬ 
nated with a mixture of resin, 40 parts; castor 
_ oil, 5 parts; carbolic acid, 10 parts; alcohol, 225 
parts. C. iodoforma'ta, the former N. F. name for 
gauze impregnated with iodoform, 
car'ba-zole. Diphenylimide, CjgHgN, contained in 
coal*tar and in crude anthracene, 
car-ba-zo'tic acid. = Picric acid, fcar-baz'o-tate. 
car-ben'zyme. A proprietary adsorption*compound 
of trypsin and carbo ligni. 
car'bide. A carburet. 

car'bi-mide. Isocyanic acid or one of its salts, 
car'bi-nol. Methyl alcohol. Any compound which 
can.be considered as a substitution product of it 
may be called *carbinol; e. g., lactic acid, CH3CH- 
(OH)COOH, is methyl^carboxyl^carbinol. 
car'bo. Charcoal. C. anima'lis*, animal charcoal 
prepared from bone, Animal carbon. C 
anima'lis purifica'tus*, purifled animal charcoal, 
charcoal purifled by the action of hydrochloric, 
acid and boiling water. It is used for decolor¬ 
izing vegetable principles, and has been recom¬ 
mended as an antidote for certain poisons. C. 
lig'ni*, charcoal prepared from soft wood and 
very finely powdered. Powdered charcoal is dis¬ 
infectant and absorbent and a deodorizer. It is 
used as a dressing for wounds and ulcers, and is 
given in gastric troubles. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
car-bo-hae'mi a, car-bo-he'mi a. Imperfect oxida¬ 
tion of the blood. 

car-bo-hy'drate, car-bo-hy'dride. Any one of a 
group of chemical compounds in which carbon is 
combined with hydrogen and oxygen, which exist 
in the same proportions as in water, the carbon 
atoms usually being a multiple of six. The car¬ 
bohydrates are (i) grape, fruit, cane, and milk 
sugars, and their i.somers; (2) dextrin, gums, 
glycogen, starch, and cellulose. Most of the more 
common carbohydrates are important foods, 
car’bo-hy-dra-tu'ri a. An excessive amount of car¬ 
bohydrates in the urine. 


CARBOL 


161 


CARBURETTED HYDROGEN 


car'bol. = Carbolic acid. 

car'bo-late. Any salt of carbolic acid, fcar'bo- 
la-ted, as C. c/l/ora/= CHLORALsCARBOL. 
car'bolsfuch'sin. A histological staining fluid made 
by dissolving i part of fuchsin in lo parts of 
alcohol and adding go parts of 5% aqueous solu¬ 
tion of carbolic acid. i^Ziehlsneelsen’s method. 
C.smethylene blue, a stain for micro ^organisms in 
the cuticle of the hair. 

car-bol'ic acid. A substance, CgHgO, obtained by 
the distillation of coal star between the tem¬ 
peratures of 150° to 205° C. (300° to 400° F.); 
PHENOL* of the U. S. P.; acidum carbolicum of 
the 1890 U. S. P.; carbol hydrate; phenic or 
phenylic acid; phenyl; hydroxybenzene. When 
pure, it is a white or colorless solid, which resem¬ 
bles creosote in odor, taste, and causticity. It is 
soluble in water and in alcohol. It is employed 
as an antiseptic and a disinfectant. In the liquid 
form it is a locally powerful irritant and an¬ 
aesthetic. Taken internally in large quantities, 
it is a fatal caustic poison; antidote, alcohol and 
magnesium sulphate. Crude c. acid = acidum 
CARBOLICUM CRUDUM. C. acid gangrene, gan¬ 
grene following wet dressings of solutions of car¬ 
bolic acid. Iodized c. acid = AciDUM carbolicum 
lODATUM. C. urine = CARBOLURIA. 
car'bo-lism. Poisoning by carbolic acid; the state 
of ill health induced by the injudicious use of 
carbolic acid internally or in bandaging. It is 
marked by cerebral disturbances, inflammation, 
ulcers in the intestinal tract, and carboluria. Cu¬ 
taneous c., carbolic acid burns upon the skin, 
car'bo-lize. To treat with or to impregnate with 
carbolic acid, fcar'bo-lized, as C. gauze — ck-b.- 
BASUS carbolata: and C. ligature, a ligature 
made aseptic by treatment with carbolic acid. 
car-bol=ly'so-form. A mixture of 60 parts of lyso- 
form and 40 parts of pure carbolic acid: used in 
5% solution as an antiseptic, 
car-bol-ma-ras'mus. Chronic carbolism marked by 
vomiting, vertigo, headache, dysphagia, flow of 
saliva, nephritis, and general decline of strength, 
car-bo-lu'ri a. The presence of carbolic acid in the 
urine, causing it to turn olive green or black, 
carbolsxy'lol. A mixture of phenol, i part; and 
xylene, 3 parts: used as a clearing agent in mi¬ 
croscopy. 

car-bom'e-try. =Carbonometry. fcar-born'e-ter. 
cartbon. i. A non*metallic tetrad element, the 
basis of charcoal; also charcoal itself: at. wt., 
11.91; symbol, C. Carbon is found pure in the 
diamond, and nearly pure in graphite and an¬ 
thracite. “ It performs as fundamental a part in 
living nature as silicon in dead nature.” 2. Any¬ 
thing made of carbon, as the C. plate of a gal¬ 
vanic battery. Animal c., ^ animal. C. bisul¬ 
phide =C. DISULPHIDE. C. dioxide, carbonic acid 
gas, CO2, a colorless, tasteless gas, constituting a 
small proportion of atmospheric air, and obtained 
by decomposing carbonates. It is easily lique¬ 
fied by pressure, and is then used as a freezing 
agent; allowed to evaporate rapidly part of it 
freezes into C. d. snow. C. disulphide (carbo'nei 
disul'phidum*), a poisonous compound, CSj. 
which is used to vulcanize caoutchouc. It is a col¬ 
orless, inflammable liquid, soluble in alcohol and 
ether. It is an energetic agent of sulphuration. 
In medicine it is used externally as a counterirri¬ 
tant and a local anaesthetic. C. monoxide, a col¬ 
orless gas, CO, formed when carbon is burned 
with an imperfect supply of oxygen; carbonic 
11 


oxide. It is exceedingly deleterious to health 
when inhaled. C. monoxide haemoglobin = car- 
boxyHjEmoglobin. C. nitride, a combination of 
carbon and nitrogen, CN; cyanogen. C. oxy¬ 
chloride, a colorless gas, COCl^, with a pungent 
odor, formed by the action of sunlight on car¬ 
bon monoxide and dry chlorine, and used in 
the preparation of salicylic acid from benzene; 
carbonyl chloride; chlorocarbonic acid gas; phos¬ 
gene gas. C. sulphide, carbon disulphide. 
C. tetrachloride, tetrachlormethane, CCl^, a trans¬ 
parent, colorless liquid: used as an anaesthetic, 
locally, internally, and hypodermically and as a 
solvent for grease, wax, rubber, etc. Its anaes¬ 
thetic effects are very nearly like those of chloro¬ 
form. C. trichloride, a white, fragrant, solid sub¬ 
stance, C2Clg. It has been used as a stimulant 
and a local anaesthetic. [< L. car'bo carbon.] 
car-bo-na'ce ous lungs, Anthracosis. 
car-bo-nae'mi a. Accumulation of carbonic acid in 
the blood. [< Carbon + a}p.a blood.] 
car’bo-naph-thol'ic acid. An antiseptic crystalline 
acid, CjgHg.OH.CO.OH; oxynaphthoic acid, 
car'bo-nate. A combination of carbonic acid with 
a base, fcar-bo-na'ted, as C. water. 
carbo'nei disul'phidum*. = Carbon disulphide. 
carbo'neum. Carbon.' C. ioda'tum = iodoform. 
car-bon'ic acid. An acidulous liquid, H2CO3, made 
by dissolving carbon dioxide in water; carbonic 
water; soda water. On exposure to the air it 
effervesces from decomposition into carbon 
dioxide and water. C. acid gas or anhydride = 
CARBON DIOXIDE. ChOKE=DAMP. C. OXidc = 
CARBON MONOXIDE. 

car'bo-nize. To convert into charcoal, 
car'bo-nol. A proprietary disinfectant, 
car-bo-nom'e-try. Measurement of the amount of 
carbon dioxide exhaled with the breath, 
car'bo-nous acid gas. = Carbon monoxide. 
car'bo-nyl. The hypothetical radical, CO. C. chlo¬ 
ride = carbon oxychloride. C. sulphide, a col¬ 
orless gas, COS, with a disagreeable odor, sup¬ 
posed to exist naturally in some sulphur waters, 
car-bo-run'dum. Crystalline carbide of silicon: 

used as a polisher and abradant, 
car-bo-sa'pol. A carbolated soap, 
car-bo-sty'ril. A white crystalline substance. CgH^ 
NO, prepared by digesting quinoline with a solu¬ 
tion of bleaching lime; oxyquinoline. 
car-box'ide. A combination of carbon monoxide 
with a base. 

car-box'y-hae-mo-glo'bin. A compound of carbon 
monoxide and haemoglobin, found in the blood 
of those poisoned by carbon monoxide. It para¬ 
lyzes the red corpuscles, producing suffocation, 
car-box'yl. A hypothetical radical, CO2H or COOH, 
contained in most organic acids, fcar-box-yl'ic. 
car'bun-cle. i. A circumscribed inflammation of 
the subcutaneous tissue, terminating in a slough 
and suppuration. It is attended with a severe 
sense of burning and with marked constitutional 
symptoms, and is often fatal, especially in old 
and debilitated persons. Anthrax; boil. 
2. A lump or whelk, as on the face of a drunkard. 
[< L. carbunculus, dim. of car'bo coal.j fcar- 
bun'cu-lar, as C. fever, malignant anthrax. 
car'bu-ret. A combination of carbon with another 
substance; carbide. 

caribu-ret-ted hydrogen. A compound formed of 
carbon and hydrogen, particularly the colorless, 
inflammable gas, abundantly formed in nature in 
stagnant pools wherever vegetables are under- 


CARBYLAMIDE 


162 


CARDIAC 


going the process of putrefaction: it also forms the 
greater part of the gas obtained from coal. Of 
this gas there are two kinds: the one termed light 
carburetted hydrogen is found abundantly in some 
coal-mines, where under the name of “fire-damp” 
it may be the cause of explosions. The other 
kind, called heavy carburetted hydrogen, olefiant 
gas, or ethylene, forms the essential part of the 
gas used to light our streets, 
car-byl-am'ide, -am'ine. = Isocyanide. 
Carcassonne’s ligament (car-cas-sonz). The trian¬ 
gular ligament of the urethra, 
car-ci-nel-co'sis. A cancerous ulcer. [< KapKivog 
cancer-t- e?.Kco(ng ulceration.] 
car'ci-noid. Resembling cancer, 
car-ci-no'ma. A malignant tumor composed of epi¬ 
thelial cells, having a tendency to propagate it¬ 
self both in the neighboring tissue and by trans- 



ScHEMATic Vertical Section of a Growing Carcinoma 
OF the Skin. —a. Early stage, b., c. Intermediary 
stages, d. Late stage with excavated centre. Note 
how the points + + have grown further and further 
apart as the cancer develops. (Ribbert.) 

ference through the lymphatics, and to recur 
after excision ; a cancer. For varieties of carci¬ 
noma, see CANCER. C. sarcomato'sum, carcinoma 
containing sarcomatous elements. It affects 
most commonly the kidneys of children. [L., fr. 
KapKLvng a crab.] fcar-ci-nom'a-toid. car-ci-no- 
ma-to'sis, a cancerous condition or state, car-ci- 
nom'a-tous, as C. pericarditis, pericarditis due to 
carcinoma: C. polypus, polypus of a carcinoma¬ 
tous nature: and C. ulcer, ulcerated carcinoma, 
car-ci-no-mel-co'sis, a cancerous ulcer, car-ci- 
no-pol'y-pus, a malignant polypus, 
car-ci-no'sis. i. The development of a carcinoma; 
the carcinomatous state or diathesis. 2. A car¬ 
cinoma or cancer. Miliary c., carcinosis occurring 
in small foci. [< Kapnivog crab, cancer.] 
car'ci-nous. = Carcinomatous. 

Carda'mine praten'sis. Cuckoo-flower, an herbaceous 
plant, whose leaves are antiscorbutic and were 
formerly esteemed as diuretic and antispasmodic. 
car'da-mom. The fruit of several species of Elet- 
ta'ria and A mo'mum, the capsules and seeds of 


which furnish a warm and pleasant aromatic 
largely used as a condiment in India, Carda- 
MOMUM*. Lesser c. =Elettaria repens. 
car-da-mo'mum*. Cardamom, the dried nearly 
ripe fruit of Eletta'ria re'pens, of India. Dose, 

I Gm. (15 grs.). fsrPuLvis aromaticus*; tinc- 
tura cardamomi*; tinctura cardamomi com- 
posita*. 

Car-da-rel'li’s sign or symptom. = Oliver’s sign. 
Car'den’s amputation. A method of amputating 
the leg at the knee through the condyles of the 
femur with a long anterior flap, 
car'di-, car'di a-. =Cardio-: a combining form. 
[<mp 6 ia heart.] car-di-ag'ra, pain or gout of 
the heart.—car'di a-graph = cardiograph. —car- 
di-al'gi a, an uneasy or painful sensation in the 
stomach due to neuralgia of the nerves of the 
stomach; heart-bum; gastralgia ; gastrodynia; 
hyperaesthesia ventriculi. fcar-di-al'gic.— car- 
di-am'e-try= cardiometry. — car‘di-a-mor'phi a, 
deformity of the heart.— car‘di-an-aes-the'si a, 
car-di-an-ses'the-sis, lack of sensation in the 
heart. — car'di-a-nas'tro-phe, a condition in which 
the heart is situated upon the right side; dextro¬ 
cardia.— car*di-a-neu'ri a, lack of nerve-stimu¬ 
lus in the heart.— car*di-an-eu-rys'ma, aneurism 
of the heart.— car'di ant, affecting the circulation 
or the heart, as a drug.— car-di-arc'ti a, cardio- 
stenosis.— car-di-asth'ma, cardiac asthma; dys¬ 
pnoea caused by disease of the heart.— car*di-as- 
the'ni a, properly weakness of the heart but ap¬ 
plied to neurasthenic heart-troubles.— car’di-a- 
tax'i a, incoordination of the movements of the 
heart.— car’di-a-te'li a, incompleteness of the de¬ 
velopment of the heart.— car-di-at'o-my = cardi- 
OTOM Y.— car*di-a-tro'phi a, atrophy of the heart.— 
car-di-aux'e. i. Abnormal enlargement of the 
heart. 2. Diastole.— car’di-cen-te'sis = cardio- 
centesis. — car-di-ec'ta-sis, cardiac dilatation. 
— car‘di-el-co'sis, ulceration of the heart.— car*- 
di-em-phrax'i a, obstruction within the heart.— 
car-di-eth*mo-li-po'sis, a deposit of fat about the 
heart.— car’di-eu-rys'ma, dilatation of the heart, 
car'di a. i. The heart. 2. [BNA] The oesophageal 
opening of the stomach. [< Kapdia heart.] 
car'di ac. i. Belonging to the heart. 2. A cordial 
or invigorating medicine. C. albuminuria, albu¬ 
minuria due to some chronic affection of the 
heart valves. C. aneurism, aneurism of the 
heart. C. anxiety, a feeling of distress attending 
irregularity of the heart’s action. C. aorta, the 
primitive trunk at the anterior end of the aortic 
tube of the embryo. C. artery, i. A branch of 
the gastric artery to the cardiac end of the stom- 
, ach. 2. Either of the coronary arteries of the 
heart. C. aspect, that aspect which looks toward 
the heart. C. asthma, dyspnoea due to disease 
of the heart. C. calculus, a calcified fibrinous 
clot in the heart. C. crisis, a paroxysmal attack 
of palpitation of the heart, often observed in tabes 
dorsalis. C. cycle, a complete cardiac movement 
or heart-beat, consisting of the systole of the auri¬ 
cles and ventricles and the diastole; pulsation. 
C. distress = C. anxiety. C. dropsy, dropsy de¬ 
pending on disease of the heart. C. dulness, a 
dull sound obtained by percussion of the chest 
over the heart. It is absolute or superficial when 
obtained by percussing the chest over the point 
where it is in direct contact with the surface of 
the heart. It is relative or deep when obtained 
by percussing any portion of the chest over the 
heart other than that in contact with the cardiac 



CARDIN 


CARDIO- 


163 

surface. C. dyspnoea, dyspnoea due to disease of 
the heart. C. embolism, i. Formation of an 
embolus in the heart. 2. Embolism of an artery, 
due to a clot carried from the heart to that 
artery. C. epilepsy, an irregularity of the heart 
marked by paroxysms of intense pain, which are 
attended by spasmodic movements and followed 
by a temporary loss of consciousness. C. facies, 
an anxious expression of countenance often seen 
in cases of chronic disease of the heart valves. 

C. ganglion (of Wrisberg), a ganglion beneath the 
arch of the aorta in the superficial cardiac plexus. 

C. glands, glands in the walls of the cardiac end of 
the stomach. C. impulse, the beating of the 
apex of the heart against the chest^-wall; apex* 
beat. C. insomnia, a form of insomnia marked 
by a sensation of oppression in the chest, 
palpitation, and restlessness. C. murmur, any 
murmur produced by an abnormal passage of 
the blood through the cavities and orifices of 
the heart. Varieties of cardiac murmur are 
Aortic, Diastolic, Mitral, Postdiastolic, Pre- 
SYSTOLic, Pulmonary, Systolic, Tricuspid, etc. 

C. nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve distributed 
to the heart and having an inhibitory function. C. 
nervesstorms, a condition seen in nervous preg¬ 
nant women: marked by suffused cheeks, bright¬ 
ness of the eyes, and powerful and tumultuous 
beating of the heart. C. neuralgia, ^angina 
PECTORIS. C. notch, a depression in the anterior 
border of the left lung for the apex of the heai*t. 

C. orifice, the communication of the oesophagus 
with the stomach. C. passion, i. Cardialgia, or 
heartsburn. 2. Palpitation of the heart. C. 
percussionsdulness, ^C. dulness. C. plexus, a 
nerve plexus lying in front of the bifurcation of 
the trachea and around the aorta and the pulmo¬ 
nary artery, and formed by the union of the 
cardiac branches of the cervical sympathetic 
ganglia and the pneumogastric nerves. It con¬ 
sists of two portions, the superficial or anterior 
and the deep or posterior cardiac plexus, which lie 
respectively in front of and behind the aorta. C. 
polypus, a clot of fibrin in the heart. C. revolu¬ 
tion =C. CYCLE. C. rhythm, the normal regu¬ 
larity of the heartsbeats. C. sedative, a medicine 
which lessens the force and frequency of the 
heart’s action, Sedative. C. septum, the 
partition between the auricles and the ventricles 
of the heart. C. shock = heart=shock. C. 
soufile, a cardiac murmur of a blowing quality. 

C. space, the region of the chest lying over the 
heart: the portion over the lungscovered* part of 
the heart being termed the deep cardiac s. ; and 
the area lying over the non^covered portion, the 
superficial cardiac s. C. stenosis = cardiosteno- 
sis. C. stimulant, t3-STIMULANT. C. thrombosis, 
THROMBOSIS. C. tonic, a medicine increasing 
the tone of the heart, as digitalis, strychnine, and 
strophanthus. C. tube, the embryonic heart in 
its tubular stage. C. veins, the veins from the 
heart. [< L. cardi'acus, fr. car'dia heart.] 
car'din. A yellowish substance extracted from the 
ox’s heart. It has been given as a cardiac tonic, 
car'di-nal drops. An old-time aromatic tincture, 
very serviceable as a vehicle and diluent for cer¬ 
tain remedies. Orange peel and orange berries, 
each, 720 grs.; cloves and cinnamon, each, 120 
grs.; water. 3 fl. ozs.; bitter almond water, 2 fl 
cfrs.; alcohol, 12 fl. ozs. Mix, and macerate for 
seven days. C. flower, the popular name of 
Lohe'lia cardina'lis. It is said to be anthelmintic. 


Lobelia. C. points, i. Six points in the eye, 
namely, (i) the anterior focal point, or anterior 
focus, at which rays coming from the retina and 
parallel to the axis of the eye are brought to a 
focus, (2) the posterior focal point or focus, situ¬ 
ated on the retina, at -which rays parallel to the 
axis and coming from the front of the eye will 
converge, (3 and 4) the principal points, lying on 
the optic axis in the anterior chamber behind 
the cornea, (5 and 6) the nodal points, situated 
near the posterior surface of the lens. 2. {Of 
Capuron.) Four points of the pelvic inlet, viz., 
the two iliopectineal eminences and the two 
sacro=iliac articulations. C. tongue, the char¬ 
acteristic red tongue of pellagra. C. veins, the 
primitive jugular veins during early fetal life, 
car'dio-. Relating to the heart; cardi-: a com¬ 
bining form. [</capd/a heart.] car*di-osac-cel'- 
e-ra-ting centre, the centre which stimulates the 
activity of the heart.— car*di-o*ar-te'ri al, sa-or'tic 
interval, the interval between the apex=beat and 
the arterial pulse.— car-di-ob'o-los, palpitation of 
the heart; cardiogmus; cardiopalmus.— car'di-o- 
cele, the protrusion of the heart through a wound 
or a congenital fissure of the diaphragm.— car'di- 
o-cen-te'sis, surgical puncture of the heart.— 
car‘di-o-cla'si a, a rupture of the heart.— car*di- 
o-coe'lom, that part of the coelom which forms 
the pericardium.— car‘di-o-de'mi a, fatty heart; 
fatty degeneration of the tissues of the heart.— 
cardi-o-dyn'i a, pain in the heart, ce- Cardiagra. 

— car‘di-o-gas*tro-scir'rhus, scirrhus of the car¬ 
diac opening of the stomach.— car-di-og'mus, 
another term for cardialgia: sometimes applied 
to palpitation of the heart, to angina pectoris, 
and to exophthalmic goitre.— car’di-o-gram, the 
tracing on the kymograph effected by means 
of the cardiograph.— car’di-o-graph, an instru¬ 
ment which, placed over the heart, marks the 
force and character of its pulsations: that of 
Marey is the best known.— car-di-og'ra-phy. i. 
A treatise on the heart. 2. Use of the cardio¬ 
graph.— car'di-o-haem-o-throm'bus, a heart=clot. 

— car*di-o-he-pat'ic, relating to the heart and the 
liver.— car'di-osin-hib'i-to-ry, slowing, checking, 
weakening, or restraining the heart^pulsations: 
said of those spinal accessory nerve*fibres which 
go to the vagus; also of a centre in the medulla 
oblongata.— car*di-o-ki-net'ic, exciting the heart, 
as a drug.— car'di-o-lith, a concretion in the 
heart or the pericardium.— car-di-ol'o-gy = car¬ 
diography. — car-di-ol'y-sis, an operation for the 
relief of impeded action of the heart after cases 
of pericarditis and pleuritis: done by the resec¬ 
tion of several ribs and the removal of growths 
and breaking down of adhesions.— car*di-o-ma- 
la'cia, softening of the muscular tissue of the 
heart.— car‘di-o-me-ga'li a, an enlarged condition 
of the heart.— car-di-om'e-try, measuring the 
heart, or estimating its size or power, by percus¬ 
sion or auscultation, fcar-di-orn'e-ter.— car'di- 
o-my-o-li-po'si a, fatty degeneration of the mus¬ 
cular element of the heartssubstance.— car-di-o- 
neu'ral, relating to the heart and nervous system. 

— car’di-o-neu-raFgi a, neuralgia of the heart; 
angina pectoris.— car*di-o-pal'mus = cardiotro- 
Mus.— car’di-o-pal'u-dism, heart*disease due to 
malaria.— car‘di-o-pa-rap'la-sis, malformation of 
the heart.— car-di-op'a-thy, any disease of the 
heart.— car‘di-o-per*i-car-di'tis, inflammation of 
the heart and the pericardium.— car'di-o-phone, 
an instrument for making audible the sounds of 


CARDITIS 


164 


CARNIFI CATION 


the heart.— car’di-oph-tharmus=ExoPHTHALMic 
GOITRE. — cardi-oph-thar'sis, decay of the heart’s 
substance.— car’di-o-phym'i a, the formation or 
presence of tubercles in the tissues of the 
heart. — car'di-o-ple'gi a. i. A paralysis of the 
heart; heart=failure. 2. A direct injury of the 
heart by violence.— car’di-o-pneu-mat'ic, relating 
to intrapulmonary airscurrents produced by the 
heart*beat.— car’di-o-pneu'mo-graph, an instru¬ 
ment for recording the variations in the respira¬ 
tory movements caused by the heart.— car*di-o- 
pol-y-ae'mi a, engorgement of the heart^substance. 

— car'di-op-to'sis, prolapse of the heart.— car'di- 
o-pul'mo-na-ry murmur, a murmur resembling a 
morbid cardiac murmur but produced outside of 
the heart in the pulmonary tissue. — car’di-o- 
punc'ture, surgical or vivisectional puncture of 
the heart. — cax’di-o-py-lor'ic, relating to the car¬ 
diac and pyloric orifices of the stomach. — car’di- 
o-re'nal, relating to the heart and kidney. — car*- 
di-o-rhex'is, car'di-or-rhex'is, rupture of the heart. 

— car‘di-or-rheu'ma, rheumatism of the heart.— 
car‘di-o-scle-ro'sis, induration of the heart. — 
car'di-o-scope, an instrument for observing the 
movements of the heart. — car'di-o-spasm, spasm 
of the oesophageal opening of the stomach. — car*- 
di-o-sphyg'mo-graph, the cardiograph and the 
sphygmograph combined. — car‘di-o-ste-no'sis, a 
narrowing of the passages of the heart, or of the 
heart itself, or of its cavities, Stenosis. — car- 
di-ot'o-my, the anatomy or the dissection of the 
heart.— car*di-o-tox'ic, poisonous to the heart ; 
acting as a poison by affecting the heart. — car*- 
di-o-trau'ma, a wound of the heart. — car-di-ot'- 
ro-mus, fluttering of the heart. — car*di-o-tro'- 
phi a, cardiac nutrition. — car’di-o-vas'cu-lar, re¬ 
lating to the heart and vessels, or to the vessels 
of the heart. 

car-di'tis. Inflammation of the heart, or of its 
muscular elements. C. exter'na = pericarditis. 
C. inter'na == ENDOCARDITIS. C. muscula'ris = 
MYOCARDITIS. [<Kap 6 'ia heart.] fcar-dit'ic. 

car-di-val-vu-li'tis. Valvular endocarditis. 

car'dol. A very irritant oil, C21H30O2, obtained from 
the husks of Anacardium occidentale. 

Car'duus benedic'tus. =Cnicus benedictus. [L., 
“ blessed thistle.’’] 

car'fe-ral. A mixture of carbon, iron oxide, and 
alumina: used as a filtering material for water. 

Car'gile membranes. Sterilized animal membranes, 
as prepared ox peritoneum: used to prevent the re¬ 
union of previously adherent peritoneal surfaces. 

Car-ib-be'an bark. The bark of Exosiem'ma carib- 
ce'um, a rubiaceous tree, and perhaps of some other 
trees; Saint Lucia bark; cinchona caribaea. It is 
a useful substitute for cinchona, and, though 
containing neither quinine nor cinchonine, is one 
of the most valuable of the spurious barks. 

ca-ri'bi. Epidemic gangrenous rectitis of South 
America. 

Car'ica papa'ya. Papain, fcar'i-cin = papain. 

car'i-cous. Fig*shaped: said of tumors. [< L. 
car'ica a fig.] 

ca'ri es. i. Molecular death and disintegration of 
bone attended with suppuration, Necrosis. 
C. articular'um = arthrocace. C. fungo'sa, 

caries of bone accompanied by extensive granula¬ 
tion arising from the medullary canal. C. ne- 
crot'ica, caries characterized by the casting off 
of portions of bone. C. sic'ca = DRY caries. 2. 
Local disease of the teeth, marked by a definite 
kind of disintegration of the enamel and dentin 


and due to specific micro=organisms. C. alveola'ris 
specif'ica = pyorrhcea alveolaris. [L.] 
ca-ri'e-san. A proprietary remedy of alkaline sul- 
phocyanates and diastase, 
ca-ri'e-sin. A preparation of carious bone, some¬ 
times prescribed isopathically for caries, 
ca-ri'na. i. A mesial ridge which runs on the lower 
side of the fornix of the cerebrum; C. fornicis. 
2. A median longitudinal ridge on the anterior 
wall of the vagina; carina urethralis vaginae*. 
[L., “ keel of a ship.”] 

car'i-na-ted abdomen. = Scaphoid abdomen. 
car'i ol. A poisonous principle from parsley, resem¬ 
bling apiol in its properties, 
ca-ri-os'i-ty. = Caries. 

ca'ri-ous. Having or affected with caries. C. ulcer, 
a gangrenous ulcer. 

Caris'sa. A genus of apocynaceous shrubs. Some 
of the species contain a bitter principle, Oua¬ 
bain. C. ova'ta yields ca-ris'sin, a glucoside re¬ 
sembling STROPHANTHIN in action. 

Carls'bad salt. A salt prepared from one of the 
Carlsbad springs. Artificial C. salt = sal caro- 
LiNUM factitium. C. Water, mineral water from 
springs in Carlsbad, a town of Bohemia. Carls¬ 
bad water is drunk and used as a bath in cases of 
catarrhal affections of the stomach and intestines, 
jaundice, galLstones, constipation, gout, diabetes, 
etc. It contains sodium sulphate, sodium chlo¬ 
ride, and the carbonates of sodium, calcium, and 
magnesium, and carbonic acid, 
car-mal'um. A stain for sections cut on the freez- 
ing=microtome: consisting of carmin, i part; 
alum, 10 parts; and water, 200 parts, 
car'min, car'mine. A beautiful red coloringsmatter 
or pigment, prepared from cochineal combined 
with alumina and the oxide of tin; cochinellin: 
used as a stain. C.sfibrin (Griitzner), a dark, 
cherry=red, crumbly mass, prepared from blood* 
fibrin by the action of an ammoniacal solution of 
carmin: used for estimating pepsin. C. of indigo 
= iNDiGo*CARMiN. C. red, one of the constitu¬ 
ents of carmin, CjjHj207, obtained from it by the 
action of diluted sulphuric acid, 
car-min'a-tive. i. Relieving flatulence. 2. A med¬ 
icine which assuages pain and relieves flatulence 
The chief carminatives are anise, cajuput, cara¬ 
way, cardamom, chalk, cinnamon, cloves, corian¬ 
der, dill, fennel, ginger, juniper, lavender, lime 
water, nutmeg, peppermint, pimenta, spearmint, 
and sodium carbonate. C. mixture, Dalby’s 
carminative; Dewees’s carminative. [<L. 
car'men song or charm.] 

car-min'ic acid. A solid substance, CiyHjgOn,, of a 
brilliant purple*red color. It is the coloring prin¬ 
ciple of cochineal. 

car-min'o-phile. Easily stained with or possessing 
an affinity for carmin. 

car-na-u'ba palm. ^Vegetable wax. C. root, 
the root of Cor'ypha cerif'era, a palm of Brazil: 
said to act like sarsaparilla. C. wax, a form of 
vegetable wax from Cor'ypha cerif'era. 
car'neous columns. =Columnje carnet. 
car'ney. A disease of horses in which the mouth 
becomes furred and the animal does not eat. 
car-ni-fer'rin. Iron phosphosarcolactate: used in 
anaemia, chlorosis, etc. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (8 gr.s.). 
car-ni-fer'rol. A stimulant and diuretic prepara¬ 
tion of meatspeptone and iron, 
car-ni-fi-ca'tion. The change of any texture of the 
animal body into flesh: applied to a diseased 
condition of the lungs when they have become 


CARNIFORM ABSCESS 


165 


CARPIiEUS 


converted into a substance resembling muscular 
flesh. C. of bone = osTEosARcosis. [<L. ca'ro 
flesh + fie'ri to become.] 

car'ni-form abscess. An abscess with a thick, 
fleshy sac and a hard-edged orifice. It usually 
occurs near the joints. 

car'nin, car'nine. A leucomaine, C^H^N^O.,, deriva¬ 
ble from meat extract and from yeast. It appears 
to cause a fluctuation in the heart-beat, and 
seems to be slightly poisonous. [<L. ca'ro flesh.] 
car'ni-tin. A crystalline substance found in the 
muscle tissues of the ox. 
car-niv'o-rous. Eating flesh. 

Car'noch-an’s operation, i. Excision of the supe¬ 
rior maxillary nerve and Meckel’s ganglion. 2. 
Ligation of the main artery of a limb in the 
treatment of elephantiasis, 
car'no-gen. A proprietary preparation containing 
red=bone marrow and fibrin, 
car'no-lin. A solution of 1.5% of formalin in water, 
car'nose. A proprietary nutrient meat-preparation, 
car'no-sin. A base derived from beef extract, 
car-nos'i-ty. A fleshy excrescence or growth, 
ca'ro, gen. car'nis. i. The red, fibrous part, or 
belly, of muscles; the flesh. C. luxu'rians = 
PROUD FLESH. 2. The soft portion of fruits. [L.] 
car'ob. The Cerato'ma sil'iqua, a leguminous ever¬ 
green tree found in the Mediterranean countries; 
Saint John’s bread; carob tree, 
ca-ro'ba. =J.\caranda. fcar'o-bine, an alkaloid 
from Jacaran'da. 
car'oid. = Papain. 

Car-o-li'na allspice. =Calycanthus. C. pink, 
Spige'lia marilan'dica, pink-root, much esteemed 
as an anthelmintic. 

Ca-ro-ny' bark. =Angustura bark. 
ca-ro'ta. = Carrot fruit. 

ca-rot'ic. i. Of the nature of carus, or stupor. 2. 
= Carotid. C. gland = intercarotic gland. 
[< KapoQ torpor.] 

ca-rot'i-co-cli'noid foramen. An occasional fora¬ 
men in the sphenoid bone, formed by the junc¬ 
tion of the apices of the anterior and middle 
clinoid processes. C. ligament, a band of fibrous 
tissue passing from the anterior to the middle 
clinoid process of the sphenoid bone, 
ca-rot'i-co-thy-roi'de us. A portion of the sterno¬ 
thyroid muscle aberrant from the carotid sheath, 
ca-rotd-co-tym-pan'ic. Relating to the carotid 
canal and to the tympanum. C. canals, canals 
running from the carotid canal to the tympanum 
and transmitting branches of the tympanic plexus; 
canaliculi caroHcotympanici*. 
ca-rot'id. i. The carotid artery. 2. Relating to 
the carotid artery. C. aneurism, aneurism of the 
carotid artery. C. artery, one of the two great 
arteries of the neck, transporting the blood to 
the head. They were so named from an idea 
that tying them would produce coma. They are 
usually called the common or primitive carotids, 
as distinguished from their branches, the external 
or pericephalic carotid, and the internal carotid. 
C. body, a small body of glandular structure 
lying in the bifurcation of the common carotid 
artery: its function is unknown. [H A. M. ’04.] 
C. canal, a canal in the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone which transmits the internal ca¬ 
rotid artery and the carotid plexus of the sym¬ 
pathetic nerve; canalis caroticus*-. C. foramen, 
the lower opening of the carotid canal. C. gan¬ 
glion, a small sympathetic ganglion sometimes 
found on the under surface of the internal ca¬ 


rotid artery. C. gland = intercarotic gl.'VND. 
C. groove, a groove on the sphenoid bone for the 
internal carotid artery; sulcus caroticus* . C. lobe, 
one of the lobes of the parotid gland: it is the 
deepest portion of the gland, surrounding the sty¬ 
loid pn.'cess and passing bet'A een the carotid ves¬ 
sels. Glenoid lobe; pterygoid lobe. C. 

nerve. i. A branch of the glossopharyngeal 
accompanying the internal carotid artery. 2. 
The sympathetic nerve from the first cervical 
ganglion running up from it along the internal 
carotid artery. 3. The large, deep petrosal nerve. 
C. plexus, a nerve plexus of sympathetic fibres, 
formed by the ascending branches from the su¬ 
perior cervical ganglion, which accompany the in¬ 
ternal carotid artery along its external surface. 
The carotid plexus communicates with the gas¬ 
serian ganglion, the sphenopalatine ganglion, and 
the sixth nerve, and distributes filaments to the 
walls of the carotid artery and the dura mater. 
C. pulsation, pulsation in the common carotids, 
seen in aortic regurgitation, anasmia, and exoph¬ 
thalmic goitre. C. sheath, the membranous sheath 
enclosing the common carotid artery, internal 
jugular vein, and pneumogastric nerve. C. sinus, 
a plexus of veins within the carotid canal com¬ 
municating with the cavernous sinus. C. sounds, 
sounds heard by means of the stethoscope over 
the carotid artery. Inferior c. triangle, a triangle 
of the neck, limited by the anterior belly of the 
omohyoid, the sternocleidomastoid, and the me¬ 
dian line. Superior c. triangle, a superficial tri¬ 
angle of the neck, limited by the anterior belly of 
the omohyoid, the sternocleidomastoid, and the 
posterior belly of the digastric. C. tubercle, the 
anterior tubercle of the transverse process of the 
sixth cervical vertebra; Chassaignac’s tubercle; 
tuherculum caroticum*. The carotid aitery can 
be compressed against it. [< L. carot'icus, fr. 
napovv to stupefy.] 

ca-rotd-do-cy'phus. A tubercle of the carotid ar¬ 
tery. [ <«:apwr<( 5 ef carotid arteries 4 -lump.] 
car'o-tin. A red crystalline coloring matter, CigH24- 
O, contained in carrots and the tomato, 
car'pa-ine. An alkaloid, Cj^RggNO^, from the leaves 
of Car'ica papa'ya. It is a cardiac poison, and is 
used hypodermically in heart diseases as a sub¬ 
stitute for digitalis. Dose, 0.006 to 0.01 Gm. 

(tV to i gr-)- 

car'pal. Belonging to the carpus, or wrist. C. 
arch = C. rete. C. artery, a branch of the radial 
artery, also one of the ulnar artery, supplying the 
wrist. C. bones, the bones of the wrist. C. canal, 
a canal formed on the anterior surface of the 
wrist by the stretching across of the anterior annu¬ 
lar ligament; canalis carpi*-. C. ligaments, liga¬ 
ments uniting the carpal bones, denominated 
anterior, external, internal, and posterior, according 
to their locations. C. rete, either of the two 
plexuses of arteries formed by the carpal branches 
of the radial and ulnar arteries, one in front 
{anterior; rete carpi volaris*) and the other at 
the back {posterior; rete carpi dorsi*) of the wrist, 
car-pa'le. A bone of the carpus, especially one 
articulating with the metacarpal bones. [L.] 
Car-pa'thi an balsam or oil. = Riga balsam. 
car-phol'o-gy. The movements of delirious patients 
in searching for or grasping at imaginary objects, 
picking the bedclothes, etc.; floccillation; crocy- 
dismus; tilmus. This is an unfavorable sign in 
fevers, etc. [< Kapc^og chaff + ^eyeiv to collect.] 
car-pi-ae'us. = Palmaris brevis. 


CARTJNCULA 


CARPOBALSAMUM 16B 


Car-po-bal'sa-mum. i. The fruit of the Oriental 
balsamstree, Balsamoden'dron gileaden'se; also its 
thin oil. 2. Allspice, or pimenta. 
car-poc'a-ce. Disease of the carpus, 
car-po-car'pal. Pertaining to more than one part 
of the carpus; intracarpal. [<L. car'pus -wrist.} 
car-po-cer'vi-cal tie. A sling for the forearm, 
car’po-met-a-car'pal. Pertaining to the carpus and 
the metacarpus. C. ligaments, ligaments uniting 
the carpal and metacarpal bones, denominated 
dorsal, interosseous, and palmar. 
car’po=o-lec'ra-nal tie. A sort of sling, one end of 
which is fastened round the wrist and hand, the 
other round the upper arm above the elbow: 
used to maintain extreme flexion of the hand. 
car*po-pe'dal spasm or contraction. Spasms of the 
fingers, hands, toes, and feet: seen in rickets, 
laryngismus stridulus, etc. 
car-pop-to'sis. Wrist =drop. 

car-pot'ic. Affecting impregnation, or pregnancy, 
and parturition. [</cap 7 rdf fruit, offspring.] 
Carpozy'ma. A genus of fungi related to Saccharo- 
my'ces. C. apicula'ta causes fruit fermentation. 
Car'pue’s operation. Rhinoplasty with a heart* 
shaped flap from the forehead, 
car'pus*. The wrist, particularly the eight bones 
forming the wrist. They are the scaphoid, semi¬ 
lunar, cuneiform, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, 
os magnum, and unciform. [L., fr. Kapivog wrist.] 
car-ra-geen' or car-ra-gheen' moss. =Chondrus. 
f car-ra-gee'nin, the mucilage of carrageen, CgHjQ- 
Oj-, vegetable jelly; pectin; pararabin. 
carreau (c 4 -r 6 ). IlDdefined enlargement and hard¬ 
ening of the abdomen due to thickened perito¬ 
neum and disease of the intestinal walls. [F.] 
carrefour sensitif. Charcot’s term for a portion of 
the posterior part of the internal capsule: any 
lesion here is manifested on the opposite side of 
the body. [ F.] 

car'ri er. A person, apparently healthy, who har¬ 
bors the infectious material in the body, and by 
one way or another conveys the germs to a second 
party who contracts the disease. i^Typhoid 
FEVER. C. cell, a wandering cell or leucocyte. 
Car'ri on’s disease. == Verrugas, def. 2. 
car'ron oil. = Linimentum calcis*. 
car'rot. The common name of Dau'cus caro'ta. 
C. fruit, the fruit of Dau'cus caro'ta. It is stimu¬ 
lant and diuretic, and is used in dropsy, chronic 
nephritis, strangury, and amenorrhoea. Dose, 
2 Gm. (30 grs.). C. poultice, a poultice made of 
carrotsroot boiled and mashed or raw and scraped, 
car'ssick-ness. The feeling of nausea, etc., caused by 
travelling in 
railway scars, 
electric cars, 
etc. 

Carr’s splint. 

A splint used 
like that of 
Bond. 

Cars'well’s grapes. Tuberculous infiltration dis¬ 
tributed around the small bronchial tubes. 
Car'ter’s operation. Formation of an artificial pupil 
by making a small opening in the cornea in front 
of the plane of the iris and performing iridotomy. 
Car-tha-ge'na bark. A variety of cinchona bark 
exported from South America. 

Car'thamus tincto'rius. The safflower, or bastard saf¬ 
fron, a composite plant, whose flowers are used by 
dyers and whose seeds are cathartic and diuretic. 
It is used like saffron in eruptive diseases, to hasten 






Carr’s Splint 



the eruption. It contains car'tha-min of Cftf- 
tham'ic acid, Ci4Hjg07, a red coloring*matter. 

car'ti-lage. i. Gristle in its usual hyaline form, a 
pearly white, glistening, elastic, apparently homo¬ 
geneous substance, adhering to the articular sur¬ 
faces of bones, and forming parts of the skeleton; 
cartilago*. In its form of yellow elastic cartilage 
it constitutes the frame*work of various organs, 
as the external ear and che epiglottis. 2. Any 
organ or part of an organ made up of this ma¬ 
terial. Specially named varieties of cartilage are 
Annular, ( = Cricoid), Aortic, Ar¬ 

ticular or arthrodic, Arytenoid, Bone, Brecht's 
( = episternal bones), Calcified ( = cartilage* 
bone). Cellular, Ciliary (=tarsal), Cornicu- 
late (=coRNicuLUM laryngis). Costal, Cricoid, 
Cuneiform, Dentinal, Diarthrodial (= articu¬ 
lar), Elastic, Embryonal ( = cellular), Ensi- 
FORM, Epactal, Epiphyseal, Fetal (= tempo¬ 
rary), Fibrous, Floating (= arthrolith), 
Huschke’s ( = Jacobson’s), Hyaline, Innominate 
( = cricoid). Intervertebral ( = intervertebral 
disc)'. Investing ( = articular), Jacobson’s, 
Luschka’s, Meckel’s, Nasal, Ossifying ( = tem¬ 
porary), ( = tarsal). Parachordal, 

Parenchymatous ( = cellular). Periotic, Per¬ 
manent, Quadrate, Reichert’s, Reticular or 
retiform, Santorini's ( = corniculum laryngis). 
Semilunar, Sesamoid (of the larynx). Sesa¬ 
moid (of the nose). Sigmoid, Stratified, Syn- 
ARTHRODIAL, TaRSAL, TEMPORARY, TeNDON, TrI- 
TiCEOus, Weitbrecht’s, Wrisberg’s, Xiphoid, 
Y*, Yellow (= elastic). C.sbone, any bone that is 
developed in connection with cartilage and not 
from membrane. C.scapsule, the transparent 
membrane lining a cartilageflacuna. C.scells, the 
connective*tissue cells which lie within the carti¬ 
lage matrix. C.scorpuscles = C.*CELLs. C.slacu- 
nae, cavities in the matrix of cartilaginous tissue, in 
which the c.*cells are embedded. C. of the ribs = 

COSTAL CARTILAGE. C. tumOT = ENCHONDROMA. 

[<L. ] Jcar-til'a-gin, an albuminoid found in 
hyaline cartilage, composed of collagen and mucin. 
Boiling converts it into chondrin. car'ti-la-gin*- 
i-fi-ca'tion, conversion into cartilage. car-ti- 
la-gin'i-form. car-ti-lag'i-noid. car-ti-lag'i-nous, 

as C. = ENCHONDROMA. 

cartila'go*. = Cartilage. C. scutifor'mis = thy¬ 
roid CARTILAGE. C. triticc'a* = CORPUS TRITI- 
CEUM. [L.] 

caruba di gulden (ca-ru'ba di gwi'den). Gall dike 
bodies formed by the stings of insects on various 
species of Pista'cia: used by smoking or by 
fumigation in chronic bronchitis. 

Ca'rum*. i. A genus of umbelliferous plants. 2. 
The U. S. P. name for caraway, the dried fruit of 
Ca'rum car'vi. It is carminative and stomachic, 
and is used in flatulent colic. Dose, i Gm. (15 
grs.). Oleum cari*; tinctura cardamomi 

COMPOSITA*. 

car'un-cle. =Caruncula. 

ca-run'cu-la*, pi. -Ice. A little fleshy excrescence, 
whether normal or not. Carun'culae hymena'les*, 
the small lobular or wartdike projections into 
which the hymen shrivels after the first child* 
birth. C. lacrima'lis*, the small body, really an 
island of modified skin, situated in the inner 
angle of the eye. C. mammilla'ris, a mass of 
gray matter from which the middle root of the 
olfactory nerve rises; tuber olfactorium. C. 
morga'gni, the middle lobe of the prostate. 
Carun'culae myrtifor'mes, projections of mucous 








CARUS 


167 


CASSIA 


membrane formerly considered as remnants of 
the lacerated hymen, two, three, or four in 
number. C. semina'lis = caput gallinaginis. 
C. sublingua'lis*, the small elevation on each side 
of the fraenum of the tongue, at the apex of 
which the duct of the sublingual gland opens. 
[ L., dim. of ca'ro flesh.] fca-run'cu-lar, -late, 
ca'rus. A deep, heavy, and nonsstertorous sleep. 

^Coma; sopor. [</capof.] 

Ca'rus, curve of. The curved axis of the pelvic out¬ 
let. It is an arc of the (approximate) circle 
whose centre is at the pubic symphysis and 
whose circumference follows the median line of 
the pelvis from inlet to outlet. [< Carl Gustav 
Cams, 1789-1868.} 

car'va-crol. A thick and disagreeably flavored oily 
liquid, CjgHj^O, isomeric with thymol, derived 
from oil of caraway or from camphor: power¬ 
fully antiseptic and used in toothache, 
car'vene. An odorless and almost tasteless terpene, 
CjflHjg, contained in oil of caraway, 
car'vol. A liquid of pleasant odor, C^gHj^O, occur¬ 
ring in oil of caraway. 

Ca'rya. A genus of juglandaceous trees; the hick¬ 
ories. C. al'ba is the shellbark. C. tomento'sa, 
the common hickory, the bark of which contains 
car'y-in, a crystalline principle: said to be identi¬ 
cal with QUERCITRIN. 

car*y-o-ci-ne'sis, car-y-om'i-tome, etc = Karyoki- 

NESIS, KARYOMITOME, etC. 

Caryophyl'lus*. i. A genus of myrtaceous plants. 
2. The U. S. P. name for cloves, the dried flower 
buds of Euge'nia aromat'ica. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 
grs.). From it is obtained car’y-o-phyl'lic acid, 
CggHg^Og, a crystalline acid, and car‘y-o-phyl'lin, 
C20H32O2, clove subresin, a crystalline substance, 
extracted by means of alcohol. 

Ca-sa-ma'jor’s test. A test for glucose, made by 
shaking the suspected liquid with methyl alco¬ 
hol, when the mixture will become cloudy if glu¬ 
cose be present. 

cas-an'throl. A mixture of casein and a coal star 
product: used as a varnish in skin diseases, 
cas'ca bark. = Erythrophloeum. 
cas'ca-ra. Spanish for bark. C. amar'ga, “bitter 
bark,” the bitter alterative and tonic bark of 
Picram'nia antides'ma, a tree of Spanish Amer¬ 
ica; Honduras bark. C. sagra'da, “ sacred bark,” 
the bark of Rham'nus purshta'na, a buckthorn 
tree of the Pacific States; Rhamnus purshiana* 
of the U. S. P. Its bark is esteemed as an aperi¬ 
ent and in the treatment of obstinate constipa¬ 
tion. Dose, r Gm. (15 grs.). 
cas-ca-ril'la. The 1890 U. S. P. name for the bark 
of Cro'ton elute'ria (eleuthe'ria). Cascarilla is 
aromatic and tonic, and is used in dyspepsia, 
dysentery, flatulent colic, and chronic diarrhoea. 
Dose of powder, r.3 to 2 Gm. (20 to 30 grs.). It 
contains cas-ca-ril'lin, CjoHjgO^, a bitter, crystal¬ 
line substance. [Sp., dim. of cas'cara bark.] 
cas-ca'rin. A colorless, crystalline principle, 

10 " 

Ojg, from CASCARA sagrada: said to embody its 
medicinal properties. Dose, o.i Gm. (i^ grs.). 
cas-co-fer'rin. A proprietary combination of tri- 
FERRiN with cascara sagrada freed from its bitter 
principle. Eu. ’08.] 

case. An instance or example of the occurrence of 
a disease in some particular individual; the con¬ 
dition of a patient; the history of a disease: 
often erroneously used as a synonym for patient. 
C.staking, the making of notes and memoranda 
of a case for diagnostic purposes. 


Casea'ria. A genus of samydaceous trees or shrubs. 
The bark of C. astrin'gens is used in Brazil as a 
remedy for ulcers. C. esculen'ta, of India, has 
purgative roots and is used in torpid liver. C. 
ulmijo'lia, of Brazil, is u.sed for snakesbite. 
ca'se-ase. An enzyme from bacterial cultures, 
ca-se-a'tion. The degeneration of any animal tissue 
into a mass like cheese or curd, fca'se-ate. 
ca'se ic acid. = Lactic acid. 

ca'sein. The curd or coagulated mass separated 
from the caseinogen of milk by the addition of 
an acid or rennet and forming the basis of cheese. 
During the process the caseinogen is probably 
split into two bodies: (i) the soluble casein which 
combines with the calcium salts to form a casein¬ 
ate of calcium (the curd), and (2) wheysproteid. 
c^Paracasein. C.scream, any ointment made 
with casein instead of fatty substances. C.spep- 
tone, a nutrient powder for convalescents. C. 
saccharide = SACCHARATED casein. C.ofsaliva= 
PTYALiN. C.ssodium = NUTROSE. Vegetable c.= 
LEGUMiN. [ < L. ca'seus cheese.] fca'se ate, a salt 
of casein. 

ca-se-in'o-gen. The principal proteid of milk, cm- 
Casein, fca-se-in'o-ge-nate. 
ca*se-osi'o-dine. A compound of casein and iodine: 
used in myxoedema. 

ca'se-ose. An albuminoid substance formed in the 
gastric digestion of casein, 
ca'se-ous. Like cheese or full of cheese; cheesy. C. 
abscess, an abscess containing cheesy matter. 
C. cataract = CHEESY cataract. C. degenera¬ 
tion or necrosis, a modification of fatty degenera¬ 
tion in which the fat cells dry up and are con¬ 
verted into a thick, yellowishswhite, more or less 
granular mass; caseation; tyrosis. ra-P hthisis; 
TYROMA. C. fermentation, the coagulation of 
soluble casein, produced by the action of the 
gastric juice, of rennet, and of the Bacil'lus 
butyr'icus. C. pneumonia, cheesy pneumonia. 
C. rhinitis = rhinitis caseosa. [< L. ca'seus 
cheese.] 

ca-shew'stree. The tree Anacar'dium occidenta'le, 
of the West Indies. Its nut yields a very acrid 
oil, used as a marking ink and an escharotic. 
cas'sa-reep. A non^poisonous extract made in the 
West Indies by boiling the poisonous juice of the 
root of the cassava, Jat'ropha man’ihot: used as a 
condiment and strongly antiseptic, 
cas-sa'va. The fecula separated from the juice of 
the root of Jat'ropha (or Ja'nipha) man'ihot and 
exposed to heat, a principal article of diet in 
South America. The same substance differently 
prepared and granulated constitutes tapioca. C. 
meal, meal made from the dried and grated tubers 
of Man'ihot utilis'sima. 

Cas'sel’s operation. The removal of exostoses of the 
ear by excising them with a gouge through the 
external orifice of the ear. 
cas-se'rian. i. Pertaining to Placentinus 

Italian anatomist, 1545-1605. 2. A wrong spell¬ 

ing for Gasserian. 

cas'se-role. A small porcelain dish with a handle, 
used in chemical and pharmaceutical laboratories. 
Cas'ser’s muscle. The ligamentous bundles of fibrous 
tissue attached to the malleus: formerly thought 
to represent a laxator tympani minor muscle. 
Cas'sia. A genus of leguminous plants. Several 
species of the genus, C. acutifo'lia, C. elonga'ta, 
and C. obova'ta, produce the senna of commerce, 
o- Senna*. C. ab'sus, a species of cassia, the 
seeds of which, being powdered and mixed with 


CASSIS 


168 


CATALEPSY 


sugar, are used in Egypt as an application to the 
eyes in ophthalmia. The seeds are used also in 
India for their depurative effects on mucous 
membranes. C. bark =cinnamomum cassia. C. 
fis'tula*. I. The purging cassia tree. 2. The 
U. S. P. name for the dried fruit of C. fis'tula. It 
is a native of Egypt and India. Cassia pulp is 
laxative and is used in habitual constipation. 
Dose, 4 Gm. (60 grs.). r®- Confectio senn^*. 
C. marilan'dica, American senna. An infusion 
of its leaves is given as an efficient and safe 
cathartic. C. oil, the common oil of cinnamon, 
procured from Lau'rus cas'sia. [< Kacaia.'] 
cassis (ca-si). An aromatized liqueur prepared 
from the fermented juice of black currants. 

Cas'si us’s purple. A purple stain, a compound of 
tin with gold oxide. 

cas-su-mu'nar. The root of Zin'giber cassumu'nar, 
of the East Indies. It is an aromatic bitter tonic 
probably identical with zerumbet. 
cast. A mould of a part, formed of plastic material; 
in dentistry, a reproduction in plaster*ofsparis, or 
its compounds, of an object or part made from an 
impression or mould. Casts are used to give their 
negative likeness to an artificial denture, models 
are used to produce a positive likeness. Model. 
Specially named varieties are Blood®, Epithe¬ 
lial, False (= cylindroid). Fatty, Granular, 
Hyaline, Mucous (= cylindroid). Renal, 
Spurious (= cylindroid), Tuhe= (= renal), 
and Waxy. C. of the eye = strabismus. 

Casta'nea. i. A genus of cupuliferous trees. 2. 
The 1890 U. S. P. name for the leaves of Casta'- 
nea denta'ta, or chestnut, collected in September 
or October while still green. They are used as a 
remedy for whooping®cough. Extractum 
CASTANET FLUiDUM. C. pu'mila, the chinquapin, 
a shrub or small tree. Its bark is tonic and 
astringent, and is used in intermittents. 
Cas-tel-la'ni’s test. An agglutinative test for deter¬ 
mining a mixed infection of allied species of bac¬ 
teria, as of the typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli. 
Cas-tel-li'no’s sign. = Oliver’s sign. 
cas-tile' soap. A hard soap, white or mottled, pre¬ 
pared from soda and olive oil. 

Castillon’s powders (cas-ti-yohz). Powdered sago, 
powdered salep, tragacanth, each 8 parts; pre¬ 
pared oystersshell, 2 parts; cochineal, i part. 
One drachm is boiled in a pint of milk and given 
in diarrhoea and dysentery, 
cas'tin. A crystallizable basic substance derivable 
from Vi'tex agnus^cas'tus. iS'Agnus castus. 
cas'tor. The Cas'tor fi'her (beaver), an animal 
which yields castoreum. C. tincture == tinc- 
TURA CASTOREi. [ L., fr. Sanskrit kasturi musk.] 
cas'tor oil. An oil extracted from the seeds of 
Ri'cinus contmu'nis; oleum ricini*. 
cas-to'reum. A concrete substance obtained from 
the follicles of the prepuce of the Cas'tor fi'ber, or 
beaver. It has a strong, unpleasant odor. It is 
a moderate stimulant and antispasmodic, and is 
used particularly as a nervine in hysteria and 
epilepsy. Dose, 0.12 to i Gm. (2 to 15 grs.). It 
contains the crystalline principle cas'to-rin. [L.] 
cas-to'ri a. A patented laxative, said to be a modi¬ 
fied compound infusion of senna, 
cas-tra'tion. Emasculation; removal of the testi¬ 
cles; orchotomy. Female c., removal of the 
ovaries. C. parasitaire of Giard, alteration in the 
sexual characters of an organism in the animal 
kingdom by parasitic infection. [< L. castra're, 
to cut off, to emasculate.] fcfl-s'trate. 


cas'u-al-ty. An accident; especially, an accidental 
wounding or a death from accident. [< L. ca'sus 
chance.] fca'sual, as a C. ward of a hospital, 
cas-u-is'tics. The study or investigation of the 
history of special cases of disease. [ < L. ca'sus 
case.] fcas'u-is-try, a record or group of cases. 
Cat. Abbr. for L. cataplas'ma, a cataplasm, 
cat syncope, Syncope. 

cat'a-. A prefix denoting down, under, or lower, 
cat-a-ba'si al. Denoting a skull which has the ba- 
sion lower than the opisthion. 
ca-tab'a-sis. i. Decline of a fever or other acute 
disease. 2. A prolapsus or descent. [Gr., “going 
down,’’ “ decline.’’] tcat-a-bat'ic. 
cat'a-bi-ot'ic. Denoting the power of growing 
structures which causes neighboring cells to de¬ 
velop in harmony with the primary structure, 
cat-a-bol'er-gy. Energy expended in catabolism, 
ca-tab'o-lism. The production of a simpler sub¬ 
stance ; physiological or pathological disintegra¬ 
tion of protoplasm; destructive or retrograde 
metabolism; passage of tissue material from a 
higher to a lower plane of specialization or com¬ 
plexity; disassimilation. ^Anabolism; nu¬ 
trition. [<mra down (idTiXeiv to throw.] 
fcat-a-bol'ic, as C. nerves, nerves whose stimu¬ 
lation increases functional activity, and conse¬ 
quently stimulates the destructive metabolism 
which is always taking place in tissue. ^Ana¬ 
bolic NERVES, ca-tab'o-lin, ca-tab'o-lite, a sub¬ 
stance resulting from catabolism, 
cat-a-by-this-mo-ma'ni a. Insanity marked by ten¬ 
dency to suicide by drowning. [ < Kara/dvdicrjudg 
submersion-f/zarm madness.] 
cat-a-ca-thar'tic. i. Purgative; operating down¬ 
ward. 2. A cathartic medicine, 
cat-a-cau'sis. Preternatural or spontaneous com¬ 
bustion. [ < KaraKainv to bum completely up.] 
cat-a-ce'mo-der-mi'tis. A bedsore; inflammation 
of the skin due to lying in bed. [< Kara down 
-f- KEfipa couch -h depjua skin -f- -itis.] 
ca-tac'la-sis. The fracture of a bone; also a spas¬ 
modic distortion of the eyes or spasmodic closing 
of the eyelids. [< KaranZdv to break.] 
cat-a-clei'sis. A morbid closing of the eyelids. 

[< KaraK^LEieiv to shut or lock up.] 
cat'a-clysm. A deluge or inundation; also an affu¬ 
sion. [</cara/c/lf^CeiF to inundate.] 
cat-a-crot'ic, ca-tac'ro-tous. A term descriptive of 
a pulse®trace, in which the descending line is 
broken by the secondary predicrotic, dicrotic, 
and postdicrotic elevations, fca-tac'ro-tism. 
cat-a-dic'ro-tism. Division or doubleness of the 
downsstroke of the sphygmograph. [< /card 
down + dig double -f Kporog stroke.] tcat-a-di- 
crot'ic, as C. pulse. 

cat-a-did'y-mus. A twin monstrosity in which the 
lower extremities are fused into one. [ < /card 
down -f diSvpog twin.] 

cat-a-gen'e-sis. Creation by the retrograde meta¬ 
morphosis of energy. 

ca-tag'ma. A fracture. [ </cdra7;za fracture.] fcat- 
ag-mal'ic, relating to or promoting the repair 
of fractures, as a remedy or application, 
cat-a-gra-phol'o-gy. The science of prescription® 
writing. [ < KaTaypd(pecv to write down + Myog 
discourse.] 

cat'a-lase. ^ Milk®catalase. 
cat-a-lec'tic systole. ^Systole. 
cat'a-lep-sy. A total suspension of sensibility and 
voluntary motion, and, for the most part, of 
mental power, the action of the heart and lungs 


CATALPA 


169 


CATARACT 


continuing; trance, Lethargy. C. of the 
will, the impairment of the will and of the in¬ 
tellectual centres seen in neurasthenia. [< L. cata- 
lep'sia, fr. KaTaKafifidveiu to seize.] fcat-a-lep'tic, 
as C. melancholy, melancholy associated with 
catalepsy, cat-a-lep'ti-form, cat-a-lep'toid. 
Catal'pa. A genus of bignoniaceous trees, the bark 
of which is said to be tonic and stimulant. The 
leaves applied externally are emollient. C. big- 
nonioi'des, the catalpa or Indian bean of the 
United States. . The seeds are sometimes used in 
asthma. Dose of tincture, 7.5 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). 
ca-tal'y-sis. A force or power which decomposes a 
compound body by mere contact; chemical action 
caused by the presence of certain substances 
without the latter being chemically modified; 
thus, hydrogen peroxide is decomposed by con¬ 
tact with platinum, which is termed, in conse¬ 
quence, the catalytic agent. [ < KaraXmiv to dis¬ 
solve.] tcat'a-lyst, cat'a-lyte, a catalytic agent 
or substance, cat-a-lyt'ic, cat-a-lyt'i-cal, belong¬ 
ing to or causing catalysis, as a medicine supposed 
to destroy a morbific agency in the blood, 
cat'a-ly-zer. A substance accelerating chemical or 
physical changes which would occur without it. 
cat-a-me'ni a. The monthly discharge from the 
uterus; menstrual discharge; courses; menses. 
C. al'ba = LEUCORRHCEA. [< Kara according to 
-t- tirjv month.] fcat-a-me'ni al. 
cat'a-mite. A boy kept for the purpose of practis¬ 
ing SODOMY upon. 

ca-tant'-, ca-tan'to-. Denoting downward: a com¬ 
bining form. {< KardvTjjQ downward.] ca-tan- 
to-chas'mus, a skull in which the angle between 
the RADIUS Fixus and a line joining the staphyl- 
lON and the basion is less than 13°.— ca-tan-to- 
py'lus, a skull in which the angle between the 
RADIUS FIXUS and a line joining the anterior and 
posterior points of the foramen magnum is be¬ 
tween 1° and 8°.— ca-tan-tor-rhi'nus, a skull in 
which the angle between the radius fixus and a 
line joining the hormion and the subnasal point 
is between 1° and 16.5®.— ca-tan-tos'to-mus, a 
skull in which the angle between the radius fixus 
and a line joining the hormion and the alveolar 
POINT is from 9° to 25.5°.— ca-tan-tu-ra-nis'cus, 
a skull in which the angle between the radius 
FIXUS and a line joining the posterior border of 
the incisive foramen and the alveolar point is 
from 1° to 20°.— ca-tan-tu'ra-nus, a skull in 
which the angle between the radius fixus and a 
line joining the staphylion and the alveolar 
point is from 1° to 17®. 

cat'a-pasm. A powder for external use. [< Gr.] 
cat-a-pha'si a. A condition of speech ^disturbance 
in which the patient utters the same word or 
phrase repeatedly, either in reply to a question 
or different questions, or when no question is 
asked. [ < Kara down, over -I- (pdaig speaking.] 
ca-taph'o-ra. A variety of lethargy attended with 
short remissions or intervals of imperfect waking, 
sensation, and speech; coma somnolentum. [< 
KaratpepeaOai to be weighed down, to fall asleep.] 
cat-a-pho-re'sis. The introduction into the living 
body through the skin or mucous membranes by 
osmosis of chemical or medical agents (as ano¬ 
dynes in neuralgia, lithium salts in. rheumatism, 
and mercury salts in malignant tumors) by means 
of the galvanic current, the current passing from 
the positive to the negative pole. Anaemic c., cat- 
aphoresis in which the drug is confined to the par¬ 
ticular part for which it is intended by arresting 


the blood=flow by means of an Esmarch bandage 
or other form of compression. Static c., cata- 
phoresis with gaseous medical agents. [ < Kard 
across -j- (pdpj/aLQ bearing.] fcat-a-pho-ret'ic, as C. 
ancesthesia, the introduction of the anaesthetic by 
means of the electric current, 
cat-a-pho'ri a. A downward trend of the visual axis, 
cat-a-phor'ic. i. Of the nature of cataphora. 2. 

Effected by cataphoresis, as C. medication. 
cat-a-pi'e-sis. Compression or depression, 
cat-a-pla'si a. Reversionary tissue^changes. 
ca-tap'la-sis. The stage of decline; old age or its 
approaches. [< Kard after-t- irTidoig shaping.] 
caCa-plasm. A soft application or poultice of 
bread, linseed=meal, oat=meal, etc., medicated or 
not: sometimes also applied to plaster=ofsParis 
casings, etc. Poultice. [< L. cataplas'ma, 
fr. KaraK'AdaceLv to overlay with plaster.] 
cat-a-plas'ma. = Cataplasm. C. carbo'nis = char¬ 
coal POULTICE. C. coni'i = HEMLOCK POULTICE. 
C. fermen'ti = YEAST poultice. C. kaoli'ni*, 
cataplasm of kaolin, a mixture prepared by heat¬ 
ing kaolin, boric acid, thymol, methyl salicylate, 
oil of peppermint, and glycerin: antiseptic, anti¬ 
phlogistic, and analgesic. C. li'ni, a flaxseed 
poultice. C. sina'pis = mustard=plaster. C, 
so'dse chlorina'tae = CHLORINE poultice. [L.] 
cat-a-plex'is, cat'a-plex-y. Utter prostration; com¬ 
plete paralysis. [< Kard down + irArjcGtiv to 
strike.] fc^t-a-plec'tic, coming on suddenly and 
overwhelmingly; fulminant, 
cat-a-po-lyc'ro-tism. The condition of a number of 
elevations of the sphygmographic down^strokes. 
[< Kard down -I- tto'Avc many- 1 - Kpdroq stroke.] 
cat-a-po'ti um, -ti on. A pill or medicine to be 
swallowed without chewing, 
cat-ap-to'sis. A fall, whether due to disease (as 
epilepsyj or to an accident. [ < Kardirrcooiq, fr. 
Kard down -I- Tr'nrreiv to fall.] 
cat'a-ract. Obstructed sight, either partial or com¬ 
plete, produced by opacity of the crystalline lens 
or its capsule. Some of the varieties of cataract 
are After, Anterior polar {(^ polar). Arbores¬ 
cent, Aridosiliquate ( = siliquose). Axial { = 
NUCLEAR), Axillary ( = fusiform), Black, Cal¬ 
careous, Capsular, Caseous ( = cheesy). Cen¬ 
tral, Cheesy, Complicated, Congenital, Con¬ 
tusion, Cortical, Diabetic, Dry shelled (= sili- 
quose). Fibroid, Fluid, Fusiform, Glaucoma¬ 
tous, Green, Hard, Hypermature, Immature, 
Incipient, Infantile, Lacteal ( = fluid), 
Laynellar ( — zonular). Lenticular, Mature, 
Membranous, Milky ( = fluid), Morgagni’s, 
Nuclear, Perinuclear ( = zonular). Polar, 

Posterior polar (t^ polar). Progressive, Punc¬ 
tate, Pyramidal, Ripe ( = mature). Sanguin¬ 
eous, Secondary, Sedimentary, Senile, 
Shrunken, Siliquose, Soft (= fluid). Spindle 
( = fusiform). Stationary, Total, Traumatic, 
Tremulous, and Zonular. C. discission, open¬ 
ing of the anterior capsule of the lens in fluid 
cataract to effect the resorption of the lens. 
[IF. ’ 08.] C. needle, a sharpspointed needle with 
cutting edges, used for operations on the crystal¬ 
line lens and its capsule. C. pricking, an obsolete 
operation in which a cataractous lens was de¬ 
pressed or turned into the vitreous humor, the 
pupil being by this means again unobstructed. 
C. spoon or C. scoop, a spoon dike or scoop dike 
instrument for removing the crystalline lens in 
operations for cataract. [ < L. catarac'ta, fr. Kara- 
pr/jvvvat to rush down.] fcat-a-rac'tous. 


CATARACTOCATAPIESIS 


170 


CATHETER 


cftt-a-rac’to-cat-a-pi'e-sis. Depression of a cataract. 

[< Cataract +KaTa 7 Tieaig pressing down.] 
ja-ta'ri a. The leaves and tops of Nep'eta cata'ria, 
or catnep. It is given in hysteria, chlorosis, 
amenorrhoea, and flatulent colic. Dose, 8 Gm. (2 
gis.), in infusion. 

catarrh (ca-tar'). Inflammation of a mucous mem¬ 
brane, especially of the respiratory passages of 
the head and throat, attended by a discharge of 
mucus. Some of the varieties of catarrh are 
Estival ( = HAY fever), Atrophic, Bronchial, 
Dry, Endocervical, Epidemic ( = influenza), 
Gastric, Intestinal, Nasal, Pituitous, Suf¬ 
focative, Uterine, Vernal ( = spring conjunc¬ 
tivitis), and Vesical. [< L. catar'rhus, fr. 
Karappdv to flow down.] 

ca-tar'rhal. Belonging to catarrh. C. appendicitis 
= endosappendicitis. C. asthma, attacks resem¬ 
bling those of asthma occurring along with catar¬ 
rhal inflammation of the bronchi. C. bronchitis, 
acute BRONCHITIS. C. conjunctivitis, conjunc¬ 
tivitis. C. diathesis, that diathesis which pre¬ 
disposes to catarrh. C. fever, influenza. C. gas¬ 
tritis, 0- GASTRITIS. C. gastroduodenitis, gas- 
TRODUODENiTis. C. inflammation, inflammation 
of a mucous membrane marked by the presence 
in the exudate of mucus and degenerated epi¬ 
thelial cells. It is called Simple or Exudative 
when the prominent feature is the exudate; Fol¬ 
licular when the follicles are markedly involved ; 
Hypertrophic w'hen there is marked hypertrophy 
of the submucous tissue; and Atrophic when the 
submucous tissue is atrophied. C. jaundice, rs" 
JAUNDICE. C. nephritis, NEPHRITIS. C. oesopha¬ 
gitis, desquamative catarrh of the oesophagus. C. 
ophthalmia, an ophthalmia arising from at¬ 
mospheric causes, and popularly designated by 
such terms as cold and blight. The expression 
ophthalmia mucosa (“mucous ophthalmia”) de¬ 
notes the increased mucous discharge which ac¬ 
companies it. It is seated in the conjunctiva. C. 
pharyngitis, PHARYNGITIS. C. pneumonia, 
PNEUMONIA. C. rhinitis, ^ rhinitis. C. stoma¬ 
titis, ^ STOMATITIS. C. tonsillitis, &- tonsillitis. 
cat-ar-rhex'is. Profuse diarrhoea; also profuse dis¬ 
charge of blood from the bowels. [ < /card down 
-f prjyvvvat to break forth.] fcat-ar-rhec'tic. 
cat-a-stag'mus. i. Defluxion from the fauces, etc, 
2. =C.\TARRH. [< /card down -f- ardi^eiv to drop.] 
cat-a-stal'tic. Having power to restrain, check, or 
astringe, as astringent and styptic substances; 
anastaltic. [< KaraaTelXeiv to restrain.] 
ca-tas'ta-sis. i. Condition. 2. Restoration of a 
disordered organ or function to the normal con¬ 
dition, or of a broken or ruptured part to the 
proper place. [< KaTaaraatg habit of body.] 
cat'a-state. The result of catabolism; a substance 
produced by a catabolic process, and therefore 
(conditions being equal) less complex in its 
nature than an anastate. [< /card down+tcTrdpac 
to stand.] fc^t-a-stat'ic. 

ca-tat'a-sis. The extension and replacement of a 
dislocated limb; the reduction of a dislocation. 
[<KaraTE'iveiv to extend.] 

cat-a-to'ni a, ca-tat'o-ny. A mental and cerebral dis¬ 
ease in which the patient passes through a cycle 
or round of progressive symptoms ending in de¬ 
mentia and general paresis. Verbigeration, a the¬ 
atrical and pathetic form of utterance, and 
cramps are among the ordinary features of the 
disease. [ < /card down -f rdvog tension.] f cat-a- 
to'ni ac. cat-a-ton'ic, as C. rigidity. 


cat-a-tri-crot'ic. Marked by two secondary expan¬ 
sions: said of a pulse, tcat-a-tric'ro-tism, the 
condition of being catatricrotic. 
cat-a-tro'pia. =Cataphoria. 

Ca-taw'ba. Th<-: name of an American grape or of 
the wine of a muscadine flavor made from it. 
cat'e-chu. The 1890 U. S. P. name for an extract 
prepared from the wood of Aca'cia cat'echu: re¬ 
placed by the gambir* of the present U. S. P. It 
is a powerful astringent. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
The term is applied also to a variety of astringent 
extracts which are imported under the names of 
terra japonica (Japan earth), cutch, and gam¬ 
bir. C.staimic acid, a variety of tannic acid ob¬ 
tained from catechu. From catechu are obtained 
cat-e-chu'ic acid (cat'e-chin or cat-e-chu'in), a 
crystalline acid, CjgHjgOg, somewhat resembling 
gallic acid, and cat'e-chol = pyrocatechin. [< 
Jap. kata tree -Vchu juice.] 

cat-e-lec'trode. The cathode, or negative electrode. 
cat*e-lec-trot'o-nus. The exalted or exaggerated ir¬ 
ritability of a nerve or a muscle near the cathode' 
during the passage of a continuous electric cur¬ 
rent. Anelectrotonus. Jcat'e-lec-tro-ton'- 
ic, as C. current, the current near the cathode, 
cat'e-na-ting ague. Ague “linked” or associated 
with another disease. [< L. catena're to chain.] 
cat'er-pil-lar ophthalmia. Inflammation of the con¬ 
junctiva or cornea, resulting from penetration by 
the hairs of caterpillars; ophthalmia nodosa. C. 
rash, an eruption caused by irritation of hairs of 
certain caterpillars, as Porihe'sia chrysorrhaVa. 
cat'gut. A substance prepared from the intestines 
of sheep or other animals and used in surgery for 
ligations or sutures. It is easily absorbed and is 
usually carbolized or otherwise rendered aseptic. 
Cath. Abbr. for L. cathar'ticus cathartic, 
ca-thasr'e-sis. i. Prostration induced by active 
medication. 2. The effect of caustics, especially 
of mild caustics. [< Kadaipeaig reduction.] 
ca-thar'sis. Purgation. [ < Kadaipeiv to purge.] 
ca-thar'tic. i. Purging or purgative. 2. A medi¬ 
cine which quickens or increases evacuation from 
the intestines, or produces purging. Among the 
best cathartics are castor oil, rhubarb, senna, 
bela, aloes, and Epsom salt, Purgative. C. 
acid, an acid and glucoside from senna. It is 
the active purging principle of senna, 
ca-thar'tin. i. A peculiar principle obtained from 
jalap and senna leaves. 2. A bitter principle 
from the leaves of Rham'nus cathar'ticus. 
ca-thar'to-man'nite. A crystallizable saccharine 
principle, CjjH^^Ojg, from senna leaves; sennite. 
cath'e-lec-trot'o-nus. = Catelectrotonus. 
cath-e-ret'ic. A mild caustic. [ < Kara down -f aipelv 
to grasp.] 

cath'e-ter. A rigid or flexible tube for passing into 
canals or passages, especially for introduction into 
the bladder through the urethra for the purpose 
of drawing off 


the urine in 
cases of reten¬ 
tion, etc. 
Sonde. Spe¬ 
cially named 
varieties of 
catheter are 
B o z E M an’s, 
Elbowed (= 


TTTTTTITT 

JO 

TTlTHTIf 

io 

TTTTTmr 

so 

TUTTITil 

40 

MM 

5 



TTT1 




Catheter Scale. — The circumfer¬ 
ence of a catheter, as measured by 
a thread or strip of paper wrapped 
around it, will extend on either 
scale to the number indicating the 
size of the catheter (upper scale, 
French; lower, American). 


SONDE coud^e), Eustachian or faucial, Female, 
Gouley’s, Lobsterstail, N^;laton’s, Prostatic, 
Railway, and Winged. C. coud6=soNDE 










CATCHING COLD 


171 


CAUDAL 


COUDi^E. C.fever = URETHRAL FEVER. C.sgauge, 
a plate with graduated perforations for cali¬ 
brating catheters, {ci Kadcevai to send down.] 
tcath'e-ter-ism, cath-e-ter-i-za'tion, the operation 
of introducing the catheter, catli'e-ter-ize. 
Catch'ing cold. Taking cold. 

Cath-i-dry'sis. The reduction of a fracture, 
ca-this-o-pho'bi a. = Acatisia. 
cath'o-dal. Pertaining to a cathode. C. closure 
contraction (or clonus), clonic contraction of mus¬ 
cles at the cathode when the galvanic circuit is 
closed. C. closure tetanus, tetanic spasm of 
muscles at the cathode when the galvanic circuit 
is closed. C. opening contraction (or clonus), 
clonic contraction of muscles at the cathode when 
the galvanic circuit is opened. C. opening tetanus, 
tetanic spasm of muscles at the cathode when 
the galvanic circuit is opened, 
cath'ode. The electrode through which the current 
leaves a nerve or other substance; the negative 
pole or negative electrode of a galvanic battery: 
opposed to ANODE. C. rays, the rays which de¬ 
velop at the negative pole of a vacuum-tube 
when an electric current is passed through it. 
[< Kara down, out -f 666q way.] 
ca-thod'ic. Proceeding downward: applied to the 
course of action of the nervous influence, 
ca-thod'o-graph. = R6ntgenogram. 
ca-thoPi-con. A panacea, or uni¬ 
versal medicine. [ < KadoTiiKdq 
. universal.] 

ca-thyp'ni a. Profound sleep; 
heavy or deep slumber. [< 

KadvKvovv to .sleep heavily.] 
cat'i ou. The element that passes 
to the cathode of the decom¬ 
posing body; the electro-posi¬ 
tive element in electrolysis. 

[<.KaTi6i), pres. part, of Karievat 
to go down.] 

cat'kin. A spike of numerous 
small unisexual flowers with 
reduced, scale-like, irregularly 
developed leaves at its base ; ament, 
cat'lin, cat'ling. A double-edged, pointed ampu¬ 
tating knife; used to divide the tissues between 
the radius and ulna or the tibia and fibula. 



Catkin of a Wil¬ 
low. 




Amputating Knife and Catlin (lower figure). 


cat'nep, cat'nip, cat'mint. i^Cataria. C. oil, an 

oil derived from the leaves and tops of Nep'eta 
cata'ria. C. tea, a decoction of catnep: a house¬ 
hold remedy used as a diaphoretic, carminative, 
and stimulant. 

cat'O-cae-na-dePphus. A double monstrosity whose 
two bodies are united by their lower parts. [ < 
KOTO) below-f-/coivdf common-f-brother.] 
cat*o-ca-thar'tic. = Catacathartic. 
cat'o-che, cat'o-chus. A kind of catalepsy in which 
the body is kept rigidly in an erect posture. 
cs“C atalepsy; ecstasy; melancholia attonita. 
[< KOTO-xr), fr. Karkx^^'^' to restrain.] 
cat-o-mis'mus. A method of reducing dislocations of 
the humerus by placing a man’s shoulder under the 
patient’s arm. [< Aaru below + ^poq shoulder.] 
cat-o-pho'ri a. =Cataphoria. 


cat-op'trics. That branch of optics which treats of 
the reflection of light. [< Ka-oTrrpov mirror.] 
fcat-op'ter, a speculum or mi»ror. cat-op'tric, 
cat-op'tri-cal, as C. test, an old test for cataract, 
made by observing the reflection from the cornea 
and the anterior and posterior surfaces of the 
crystalline lens. 

cat-op'tro-scope. An arrangement of mirrors for 
examining parts of the body. [< KaTonrpov 
mirror -|- gkotveIv to see.] 

cat-o-rhi'nus. A term for a skull in which a line 
from .the hormion to the subnasal point makes 
an angle of from 16.5° to 30° with the radius 
fixus. [< KOTO) below + p'lq nose.] 
ca-tos'to-mus. A term for a skull in which a line 
from the hormion to the alveolar point makes an 
angle of from 25.5° to 42.5° with the radius fixus. 
[ < KOTO) below + GTopa mouth.] 
cat’o-u-ra-nis'cus. A term for a skull in which a 
line from the posterior edge of the incisive fora- 
men to the alveolar point makes an angle of from 
20° to 40° with the radius fixus. [< koto) below 
-f ovpaviGKoq roof of the mouth.] 
cat-o-u'ra-nus. A term for a skull in which a 
line from the staphylion to the alveolar point 
makes an angle of from 17° to 34° with the 
radius fixus. 

cat-ram'in. A turpentine from Tsu'ga canaden'sis 
and other coniferous trees: used subcutaneously 
in tuberculosis and lupus, 
cat’s ear. A deformed ear resembling a cat’s ear. 
cat’sseye amaurosis. = Amaurotic cat’s eye. 
cat’sseye pupil. An elongated slit-like pupil, 
cat’s purr. A sound of the heart heard by means 
of the stethoscope in certain forms of valvular 
disease; fremissement caiaire. 

Cat-tell’s' law. A law that there is a direct relation 
between the specific gravity of the blood (1056), 
the freezing point of the blood (—o.56°C.),the 
molecular weight of urea (60), the molecular 
weight of sodium chloride (58.5), and the mean 
ion molecular weight of all the constituents of the 
urine (slightlybelow60). 7. C.’o4.] C.’smethod, 

a method of preparing frozen sections by means 
of methyl or ethyl chloride. 7. M. M. ’96. < 

Henry W. Cattell, American pathologist, 1862- .] 

cat-ti-man'doo. A gum produced in India by the 
plant Euphor'hia cattiman'doo: when fresh, it is 
vesicant; also useful in rheumatism, 
cau'da*. Any taiHshaped appendage, as the cauda 
of the spleen, the pancreas, the cerebellum, etc. 
C. cerebel'li, the vermiform process of the cere¬ 
bellum. C. epidid'ymis*, the inferior, tail-like 
portion of the epididymis. C. equi'na*, “ horse¬ 
tail,” the termination of the spinal marrow, sur¬ 
rounded by a large number of obliquely descending 
spinal nerves, which, when separated, collectively 
resemble a house’s tail. C. hel'icis*, the posterior 
and inferior portions of the helix of the external 
ear. C. nu'clei cauda'ti*, the inferior part of the 
NUCLEUS CAUDATus*. C. pancrc'atis*, the slender 
extension to the left of the pancreas. C. stria'ti, 
the narrow posterior part of the caudate nucleus 
of the brain; surcingle. [L., “tail.”] 
cau'dad. Toward the tail; toward the cauda 
equina; toward any cauda. 
cau'dal. i. Belonging to the tail. C. flexure or 
hood, the bend at the tail end of the embryo. 
(^Cephalic flexure. C. ligament = cauda 
EQUINA*. C. nucleus = OCULOMOTOR NUCLEUS. 
C. plexus = COCCYGEAL PLEXUS. 2. A coccygeal 
vertebra. [< L. cauda'lis, fr. cau'da tail.] 





















CAUDATE 


172 


CAVERNOUS 


cau'date. Having a tail. C. artery, a branch of 
the middle cerebral artery to the head of the 
caudate nucleus. C. cell, a cell having a taiblike 
prolongation from one surface. C. lobe, a tail* 
like process of the liver, stretching downward 
from the middle of the great right lobe to the 
spigelian lobe; lobus caudatus [Spigelii]*. C. nu¬ 
cleus = nucleus CAUDATUS*. 
cau-da'tion. i. Abnormal elongation of the clitoris. 

2. The (alleged) condition of having a tail, 
cau-dado-cer-e-bel'lar fibres. Fibres of the crusta 
between the pyramidal tract and the substantia 
nigra, passing upward to the caudate nucleus. 
cau-da*to-len-tic'u-lar. Relating to the caudate and 
lenticular nuclei. 

cau-da'tum. = Nucleus caudatus*. [L.] 
cau'dex. The stem. C. cer'ebri = crus cerebri. 
cau'di-duct. To draw toward a cauda. [< L. 

cau'da,ta.il + du'cere to draw.] 
cau'dle. A popular name for a nourishing gruel 
given to women in the childbed state. It is com¬ 
posed of gruel, egg, sugar, wine, and nutmeg. 
[< F. chaud eau, literally “warm water.”] 
cau-do-ceph'a-lad. Both caudad and cephalad. 
cau*do-len-tic'u-lar limb. The anterior portion of 
. the internal capsule of the brain, 
cau’do-tib'i al. Both caudal and tibial. 
caul. I. The epiploon or great omentum. 2. A 
portion of the amnion which occasionally en¬ 
velops the child’s head at birth, 
cau'li-flow-er. A variety of Bras'sica olera'cea. C. 
cancer or excrescence, an epitheliomatous disease 
of the os uteri; a form of cancer of the cervix, 
cau'lis, cau'lus, i. The penis. 2. The crus cerebri. 
I. The cervix of the uterus. 4. The stem of a 
pessary. [< Kav'Adr.] 

cau'lo-. Relating to the penis: a combining form 
[<. Kavlog penis.] cau-lo-ple'gi a, paralysis or 
non*erectility of the penis.—^ cau-lor-rha'gi a, 
hemorrhage from the penis. — cau-lor-rhoe'a, 
catarrhal discharge from the penis, 
cau-lo-phyl'lum. The 1890 U. S. P. name for the 
rhizome and rootlets of Caulophyl'lum thalictroi'- 
das, or blue cohosh, a berberidaceous plant. It 
is reputed to be emmenagogue, diaphoretic, seda¬ 
tive, antispasmodic, and oxytocic. Dose, 0.3 to 
2 Gm. (5 to 30 grs.). From its tincture the 
resinous principle cau-lo-phyl'lin is obtained. 
Dose, 0.13 to 0.3 Gm. (2 to 5 grs.). 
cau'ma. The burning heat of fever; inflammation. 

[< Kaieiv to burn.] fcau-mat'ic. 
cau-maes-the'si a. A condition marked by a low 
temperature but having a sensation of burning 
heat. [< Kaieiv to bum +aladrjGLq sensation.] 
cau'sal. Relating to a cause. C. indication, in¬ 
dication. C. treatment, treatment directed tow¬ 
ard the cause of a disease, 
cau-sal'gi a. A neuralgia the pain of which is 
burning or accompanied by the subjective sense 
of heat. It is sometimes marked by patches of 
glossy skin or minor spasms and twitchings of 
the muscles. [< Kavaoq haat + aAyoq pain.] 
cause. That which produces an effect or brings 
about a condition, Exciting c. ; immediate 
(primary, proximate) c.; predisposing (remote, 
secondary) c.; ultimate c. [< L. cau'sa.] 
cau'sis. A burn; the act of burning; fermentation; 

cauterization. [ < Kavaiq burning.] 
caus'tic. I. Possessing causticity; biting or burn¬ 
ing in taste. 2. A substance which by its chem¬ 
ical properties destroys the texture of organized 
bodies: such are the pure alkalies, the concen¬ 


trated mineral acids, lunar caustic, etc. s^Ar- 
GENTI NITRAS FUSUS*', EsMARCH’s PAINLESS C.’, 
Landolfi’s c.; Lugol’s c. ; Rousselot’s c. C. 
alcohol, sodium ethylate. C. alkali, an alkali in a 
pure state, in which it possesses strong caustic 
powers: usually, caustic potash. C. arrows, con¬ 
ical sticks of firm material containing caustic, 
which are inserted into the substance of a tissue. 
C. barley, the seeds of Vera'trum sabadil'la. 
C. bougie = ARMED BOUGIE. C.sholder = PORT* 
CAUSTIQUE. C. points = C. ARROWS. C. potash, 
potassium hydrate: used as a cautery. C. soda 
= soDii HYDRoxiDUM*. [ < L. caus'ticus, fr. 
Kaieiv to bum.] fcaus-tic'i-ty. caus'ti-cize. 
caus’to-der-mi'tis. Any skin inflammation resulting 
from a burn. [< Kaieiv to burn -pdeppia skin.] 
cau'sus. A variety of malignant remittent fever: 
so named on account of its excessive heat. [< 
Kavaog burning heat.] 

cau'ter. A hot iron for cautery. [< Kavrr/p.] 
cau'ter-ant. i. Caustic. 2. A cauterizing application, 
cau'ter-y. i. The application of a caustic substance 
or of a hot iron. 2. The hot iron or substance 
thus applied. Varieties of cautery are Actual, 
Button or Corrigan's, Dento*electric, 

(= GALVANIC MOXA), GaS, PaQUELIn’s, POTEN¬ 
TIAL, and Virtual. C. battery, a battery of small 
resistance used in galvanocautery. C. electrode, an 
electrode of a galvanic battery, consisting of a 
wire or band of platinum for applying electric 
cautery. [< L. cauie'rium, ir. Kaieiv to burn, or 
more directly fr. KavTTjpiov red*hot iron or brand- 
ingsiron.] fcau'ter-ize. cau’ter-i-za'tion. 
caut'ing iron. =Cauter. 
ca'va. The drug kava. 
ca'va. Vena CAVA. 

ca'val. I. Hollow. 2. Pertaining to the vena 
cava. 3. One of the venae cavae. C. artery, a 
branch of the right phrenic artery to the vena 
cava. C. opening or aperture, the foremost of 
the three openings of the diaphragm; foramen 
quadratum; foramen venae cavae. It transmits 
the inferior vena cava. 

cav'al-ry bone or cav'al-ry-men’s osteoma. A bony 
formation, resembling a sesamoid, sometimes 
found in the tendon of the adductor magnus of 
the thigh; rider’s bone: due to ossification of 
muscle resulting from prolonged irritation, 
cav'a-scope. An instrument for illuminating a 
cavity. [< L. ca'vus hollow + CKoirelv to view.] 
cav'a-tine. A nitrocellulose varnish for lining a 
toothscavity before filling it. 
cav'ern. A pathologic hollow space in the phthisical 
lung communicating freely with the bronchus, 
Brochiectasis ; vomica. [< L. caver'na hollow.] 
ca-ver'na*, pi.-«cF. i. A cavity. Caver'nae cor'po- 
rum cavernoso'rum*, the caverns of the caver¬ 
nous bodies of the penis. 2. The vulva. [L.] 
cav-er-nil'o-quy. Pectoriloquy of a low pitch, due 
to a cavity. 

ca-ver-ni'tis. Inflammation of the cavernous tissue 
of the penis. [The correct form is serangitis.] 
ca-ver-no'ma. A cavernous angioma, 
caverno'sa ure'thrae. = Spongy portion of the 
urethra. 

cav-er-no'sum. One of the corpora cavernosa. 
cav'er-nous. Having cells or caverns. C. angioma, 
an angioma the tissue of which contains large 
recesses filled with blood. C. artery, the artery 
of the corpus cavemosum. C. bodies = cor¬ 
pora CAVERNOSA. C. breathing = cavernous 
respiration. C. foramen, a small passage in the 


CAVICULA 


173 


-CELE 


sphenoid bone, transmitting the median vertebral 
vein. C. ganglion = carotid ganglion. C. 
groove, the sigmoid groove or carotid groove, 
a channel on either side of the sphenoid bone. 
In it are portions of the cavernous sinus and the 
internal carotid artery. C. nerves, nerves dis¬ 
tributed in the erectile tissue of the penis. C. 
plexus. I. A sympathetic nervesplexus accom¬ 
panying the inner wall of the internal carotid 
artery through the cavernous sinus. It is con¬ 
nected with the ophthalmic ganglion and the 
third, fourth, fifth, and sixth nerves. 2. A plexus 
derived from the vesical plexus and supplying the 
cavernous bodies of the penis. C. rale, a hollow 
and metallic sound caused by alternate expansion 
and contraction, during respiration, of a pulmo¬ 
nary cavity. C. respiration, i. A low-pitched 
blowing sound heard over pulmonary cavities in 
inspiration and expiration. 2. Breathing marked 
by a hollow and echoing sound. It may occur 
when the bronchi are dilated, or over lung cavi¬ 
ties. C. sinus, a venous sinus on the base of the 
cranium, at the side of the sphenoid bone. It 
receives the ophthalmic vein. C. tissue, erectile 
tissue. C. tumor = C. angioma. C. voice, one 
with a reverberant echo or hollow sound. C. whis¬ 
per, whispering resonance of a cavernous quality, 
ca-vic'u-la. i. The malleolus. 2. The cuneiform 
bone. 3. The space between the malleoli. [L., 
dim. of cavil'la ankle-bone.] 
cav'i-ta-ry. i. Having a bodily cavity, coelom, or 
intestine. 2. Any entozoic animal organism that 
has a body cavity or an alimentary canal. C. 
myelitis, myelitis accompanied by the develop¬ 
ment of cavities in the spinal cord. 

Ca-vi'te fever. An acute contagious disease, almost 
exclusively confined to the Cavite Naval Station 
in the Philippines: marked by sudden onset after 
an incubation of from two days to two weeks, 
high temperature, great muscular pain, and very 
tender and painful eyeballs, 
ca-vi'tis. Inflammation of the vena cava; coelophle- 
bitis, which term is preferable, 
cav'i-ty. Any hollow place; a cavum or antrum. 
For specially named cavities cee the adjectives. 

C. of Retzius = PREPERITONEAL CAVITY. C. Of 

Rosenmiiller = pharyngeal recess. 
ca-vo-val'gus. Cavus combined with valgus. • 
ca'vum*. Any cavity or hollow space, such as the 
cavities within the heart. C. o'ris*, the cavity of 
the mouth. C. ret'zii = preperitoneal cavity. 
C. sep'tum pellu'cidi* = FIFTH ventricle. C. 
thora'cis*, the cavity of the thorax. [ L.] 
ca'vus. Talipes cavus. 
cawl. =Caul. 

Cayapo'nia globulo'sa. A cucurbitaceous plant of 
Brazil, containing the alkaloid cay-ap'o-nine, 
which is said to purge without griping. Dose, 
0.06 Gm. (i gr.). 

Cay-enne'pepper. Ground pods and seeds of Cap'- 
sicum an'nuum; Guinea pepper, Capsicum*. 
Cay-or' fly. An African fly the larva of which (C. 
worm) is frequently found under the skin in little 
boils. 

Cazenave’s lupus (kaz-n^vz). = Lupus erythe- 
MATODES. 

Cb. Abbr. for coulomb; symbol for columbium. 
Cc. I. Abbr. for cubic centimetre. 2. Abbr. for 
cathodal closure. 

CCCl. Abbr. for cathodal closure contraction. 
Ccm. Abbr. for cubic centimetre. 

CCTe. Abbr. for cathodal closure tetanus. 


Cd. I. The symbol for cadmium. 2. Abbr. for 
CAUDAL and coccygeal; in vertebral formulas. 
Ce. The symbol for cerium. 

Ceano'thus america'nus. A rhamnaceous shrub: 

astringent and used in aphthous sore mouth, 
ce'a-rin. An ointment base composed of carnauba 
wax and paraffin, melted together, and mixed 
with liquid petrolatum. 

ce-as'mic teratism. A monstrosity in which there 
is congenital or acquired separation of parts. 

[ < neaujua chip.] 

ceb-o-ce-pha'li a, ceb-o-ceph'a-ly. Absence of the 
nose; a deformed state in which the head is like 
that of a monkey. [ < monkey + Ke(j)aA 7 / 

head.] tceb-o-ceph'a-lus. 
ce'cal. =CyECAL. 

Cecro'pia pelta'ta. The trumpet-tree, an artocarpa- 
ceoustreeof the West Indies and South America. 
Its bark, root, and milky juice are astringent, 
ce'cum. =C^cuM. 

ce-cu'tien-cy. Partial or incomplete blindness. 

[< L. ccBcuti're to be blind.] 
ce'dar. The populfir name of several species of co¬ 
niferous evergreen trees. The Red cedar is Junip'- 
erus virginia'na. The White cedar is Cupres'sus 
thyoi'des. The Cedar of Lebanon is Ce'drus li'- 
bani. All of these afford durable and valuable 
timber. C.sgum, a kind of sandarac from South 
Africa, the produce of Cal'litris arbor'ea, used in 
plasters, etc. Oil of c., a fragrant oil obtained 
from the Red cedar, Junip'erus virginia'na: used 
in microscopy as a clarifying agent and as the im¬ 
mersion fluid for the modern homogeneous im¬ 
mersion lenses. 

Ced'rela. A genus of trees, mostly tropical, in many 
species possessing medicinal qualities. The wood 
of C. odora'ta of tropical America yields ce'dars 
wood oil, a thin, fragrant volatile oil. 
ce'drene. A terpene hydrocarbon, CjgHg, or C32H„,, 
found in oil of cedar ; other terpenes of the same 
composition. C. camphor, CigHjgO, the crystalline 
portion of oil of cedar, 
ced'ri-ret. =C^rulignone. 

ce'dron. The common name of Sima'ba ce'dron, a 
simarubaceous tree, growing in South and Cen¬ 
tral America. The seeds contain ce'drin, a very 
bitter crystalline principle, and are considered to 
be a remedy for snake-bites, hydrophobia, and 
other animal poisons. The raspings of the wood 
have been used in intermittents as a substitute 
for quinine. Dose, 0.65 to 2 Gm. (10 to 30 grs.). 
Cedronel'la. A genus of fragrant labiate plants 
abounding in a volatile oil. They are antispas- 
modic and carminative. 

Cel. Abbr. for Celsius, 
cel'an-dine. =Chelidonium. 
ce-la'rium. =Ccelarium. 

Celas'trus scan'dens. False bittersweet; staff-tree; 
waxwork: a climbing shrub of the United States. 
It is diaphoretic and emetic, and is a popular 
remedy in hepatic affections, in syphilis, and in 
the treatment of old sores, and contains the crys¬ 
talline substance ce-las'trin. Dose of fl. ext., 4 to 
8 Cc. (i to 2 fl. drs.). 

ce-la'tion. The concealment of pregnancy. 

-cele. Formerly a word used for hernia ; now, added 
as a suffix to another word, it signifies a tumor 
caused by the protrusion of some soft part or 
parts denoted by the first portion of the term, as 
enterocele, epiplocele, etc.; also swelling of a part, 
as sarcocele, or its enlargement by the presence of 
fluid, as hydrocele. [ < 


CELERINA 


174 


CELL 


cel-e-ri'na. A proprietary nerve^tonic, said to con¬ 
tain celery, coca, black haw, and kola, 
cel'e-ry. — Apium graveolens. 
ce'li-, ce'lio-. For definition of words beginning 
thus, see words beginning cceli-, ccelio-. 
cel'i-ba-cy. Life without marriage or sexual inter¬ 
course. [< L. ccs'lebs unmarried.] 
ce'lis. = Kelis. 

cell. I. Literally, a “cellar” or “cavity”; hence, 
any hollow space. 2. One of the minute masses of 
protoplasm, containing a nucleus, one or more nu¬ 
cleoli, a centrosome, and an attractionssphere, the 
whole enclosed by the nuclear membrane, of 
which organized tissue is composed. ^ Cyto-. 


123 456 



Diagram of Cell-structure. —In the lower right part of 
the figure the granular condition of the cytoplasm is 
represented; in the upper and left, the reticular condi¬ 
tion. I. Metaplastic inclusions. 2. Hyaloplasm. 3. 
Spongioplasm. 4. Chromatin. 5. Linin threads. 6. 
Karyosome. 7. Cytoplasm. 8. Cell-wall. 9. Cyto¬ 
plasm. 10. Centrosome surrounded by centrosphere. 
II. Nucleolus. 12. Nuclear membrane. 13. Endo¬ 
plasm. 14. Exoplasm. (Piersol.) 

Specially named varieties of cells are Acid {— 
DELOMORPHOUS), AcOUSTIC HAIR = , ADELOMOR¬ 
PHOUS, Air=, Albuminous ( = serous), Amacrine, 
Amceboid, Anti 70 dal. Apolar, Basket*, Beaker 
(=goblet), Beale’s ganglion, B'etz’ si Bipolar 
(i^ nervescell), Blood*, (^osteoblast), 

Border (= marginal), Bottcher’s, Bristle*, 
Brush» (—glia). Cartilage*, Central (—adelo¬ 
morphous), Centro*acinar or centro^acinous. 
Chalice (= goblet). Chief (= adelomorphous). 
Ciliated, Claudius’s, Cleavage (=segmenta- 
TlONsSPHERE, def. 2), Commissural ( = heterom- 
epal). Constant, Contractile fibre*, Corti’s, 
Cover*, Crescent (t^ marginal), Cribrose, Cyto¬ 
chrome, Daughter,Decidual, Deiters’s, Delo- 
MORPHOus, Demilune (= Gianuzzi’s), Dentin or 
dentinal, Ectoplastic, Egg*, Embryonal, embry¬ 
onic, elementary, or embryo, EnameU (=.\melo- 
blast). Encasing (= cover*). Endothelial, En- 
toplastic. Epithelial or epidermic, Epitheloid 
(= endothelial). Ethmoidal, External ciliated 
(=CoRTi’s cells). Fat*, Fibre, Flagellate, 
Floor, Formative, Foule’s, Fusiform, Gan¬ 
glion*, Germ*, Giant, Gianuzzi’s, Glia, Goblet, 
Golgi’s commissural, Granule*,Grove.-Guard*, 
Gustatory (= taste). Hair*, Hecatomeral or 


hecatomeric. Heckle^ ( = prickle*), Heidenhain*s 
parietal (= delomorphous). Hepatic (—liver*), 
Heteromeral or heteromeric, Horn or horny, Hy- 
PERCHROMATIC, IMBRICATED, INDIFFERENT, INI¬ 
TIAL, Lachrymo*ethmoidal, Langerhans’s. 
Liver*, Lymphoid, Marginal, Marrow*, Mast*, 
Mastoid, Medullary (= myelocyte). Migra¬ 
tory, Monoplastic, Mother, Motor, Mucous, 
mucus, or mucin. Multipolar (nerve* 
cell). Muscle, Myeloid ( = myeloplax). 
Nerve*, Neuroglia (=glia), Neutrophile, 
Nuclear, Nucleated, Olfactory, Oxyntic ( = 
delomorphous), Oxyphile (= acidophile). Pal¬ 
atine, PartV/a/(= marginal). Peptic, Perith- 
ral. Pigment, Plasma (i®-Waldeyer’s plasma* 
cells), Pluricordonal, Polar, Polyplastic, 
Prickle*, Primary, Protective ( = cover*). Psy¬ 
chic, Purkinje’s, Roof -(= cover ==) , Sarcogenic (= 
SARCoGLiA, def. 2 ), Scavenger, Segmentation*. 
Seminal, Sensory or sense, Serous, Sertoli’s, 
Sister ( = daughter), Skeletogenous, Somatic, 
Sperm*, Spermaiogenic ( = seminal). Sphenoi¬ 
dal, Spider*, Spindle*, Squamous, Supporting, 
SusTENTACULAR, Syncytial ( = syncytium). Tac¬ 
tile, Taste*, Tautomeral, Tegmental ( = 
COVER*), Tendon*, Unipolar nerve*cell). 
Vacuolated, Vasifactive or vasoformative. Vis¬ 
ual, and Wandering. C.sbody, the protoplas¬ 
mic portion of a cell, enclosing the nucleus. C.s 
capsule, a thick cellswall which can be easily 
separated from the body of the cell. C.scavity, 
the space enclosed by the cell*wall. C.^chain. 
I. A tissue composed of one or more distinct 
rows of cells. 2. A row of cells between the 
bundles of nerve*fibres in the brain. C.sdivision, 
the process by which a cell splits up into two or 
more parts, called daughter*cells. i^Karyoki- 
nesis; fragmentation; segmentation. Direct 
c.sdivision = amitosis. Indirect c.sdivision = 
KARYOKiNEsis. C.sfluid = C. *s AP. C.sgenesis = 
CYTOGENESis. C.sglobulin, a variety of globulin 
occurring in lymphscorpuscles. C.sgroup = C.* 
NEST. C.sislets, centres in young cellular tissue 
marked by active growth and proliferation. C.s 
membrane, the investing membrane of a cell. C.s 
multiplication, cytogenesis. C.snest, a collection 
of cells separated from the surrounding cells by 
intervening tissue. C.snucleus = cytoblast. C.s 
plate = EQUATORIAL PLATE. C.srOW = C. *CH AIN. 
C.ssap, the watery fluid of a cell. C.sspaces, those 
places in the grotmd*substance of the connective 
tissue which enclose the connective tissue corpus¬ 
cles. C.ssubstance, the protoplasmic contents of 
a cell. C.stheory, the theory that there exists 
one general principle for the formation of all 
organic productions, i.e., the formation of cells; 
also the conclusions drawn from this theory. C.s 
wall, the membranous investment of a cell. 3 , 
One of the vessels or compartments of a gal¬ 
vanic battery, containing two elements immersed 
in a fluid which acts on one (the electropositive 
element, usually zinc), but not on the other (the 
electronegative, usually copper or carbon). 
Specially named varieties of electric cell are 
Daniell,^ Dry, Galvanic, Gravity*, Grenet, 
Hill (=GRAViTY*), and Siemens and Halske. 
C.sselector, a device by which the current 
strength in galvanic electricity is regulated. A 
selector to be good must permit of the increase 
or decrease of electromotive force through the 
introduction of one cell at a time without inter¬ 
ruption of the flow of current. 




















CELLA 


175 


CENTIGRAMME 


celTa. I, A ctll. 2. Any ventricle of,the brain. 
3. Any cornu of a cerebral ventricle. C. latera'- 
lis, the lateral ventricle of the brain. C. me'dia, 
the central part of the lateral ventricles of the 
brain, from which the cornua proceed. [L.] 
'elTa-sin. A proprietary ferment prepared from 
fungi: resolves sugar into lactic acid and emul¬ 
sifies and resolves fats in alkaline media, 
cel'li-form, celToid. Resembling a cell, 
cel-loi'din. Pyroxylin, or gun*cotton, extensively 
used, in the form of a thick solution made by 
dissolving in equal parts of ether and absolute 
alcohol, in embedding objects for sectioning in 
microscopic investigation. i3- Pyroxylinum*. 
C. bichloride, bichloride. 
cel'lu-la, pi. -l(B. = Cellule. Ex cellula omnis 

cellula, Virchow’s dictum that every cell comes 
from a preexisting cell. [L.] 
celTu-lar. Having or consisting of cells. C. carti¬ 
lage, cartilage consisting chiefly of cells; paren¬ 
chymatous cartilage. C. infiltration, an infiltrate 
composed of small cells. C. inflation, emphysema 
of cellular tissue. C. membrane = C. tissue. C. 
pathology, pathology based on Virchov/’s theory 
that the cell is the origin of all vital processes. 
C. polypus, polypus composed chiefly of round 
cells; roundscelled or mucous polypus. C. sheath, 
the epineurium. C. therapy, therapeutics directed 
toward the restoration of disordered cell*func- 
tion. C. tissue = areolar tissue. 
cel'lule. A little cell. [< L. cel'lula, fr. cel'la cell.] 
cel-lif'u-gal. Passing outward from a nerve*cell 
toward the periphery; centrifugal; efferent, 
cel'lu-lin. Cellulose; oftener, a principle of animal 
origin related to cellulose, 
cel-lu-lip'e-tal. Passing inward toward a nerves 
cell; centripetal; afferent, 
cel-lu-li'tis. Inflammation of the cellular or loose 
connective tissue, especially of the subperitoneal 
tissue; ethmyphitis; Orbital c., inflammation of 
the cellular tissue of the orbit, sometimes occur¬ 
ring as a sequel to scarlatina. Pelvic. c.= para¬ 
metritis; CYTTARITIS. 

celdu-lo-cu-ta'ne ous. Composed of connective tissue 
and skin. C. flap, an amputation flap cut from 
the skin and subcutaneous tissue. 
celTu-loid. A substance composed mainly of 
pyroxylin and camphor; zylonite. The mixture 
is condensed in cylinders by a hydraulic pressure 
of 2000 pounds to the square inch. It is largely 
used as a substitute for ivory and bone, and some¬ 
times in dentistry and surgery. Except when 
combined with suitable chemicals, it is very in¬ 
flammable. [< F. cellulose vegetable fibrin -f 
el 6 oq form.] 

cel-lu-lo'ma. = Lymphangioma tuberosum mul¬ 
tiplex. 

celTu-lose. A carbohydrate, (CgHigOj),,, forming 
the framework or skeleton of plants, and the 
most abundant substance in the vegetable king¬ 
dom except water. It is perfectly soluble only 
in Schweizer’s reagent. It is nearly identi¬ 
cal with starch in composition, but is very differ¬ 
ent in properties. c^Schultze’s reagent. C. 
sugar, a variety of glucose derived from cellulose. 
[<L. cel'lula cellule.] fcel-lu-lo'sic, as C. fer¬ 
mentation, ty HYDROGEN FERMENTATION; MARSHs 
GAS FERMENTATION. 

ce-lo-col'ic, -col'i-ca. Colic or pain from hernia, 
ce-lol'o-gy. The sum of what is known regarding 
hernia. [< k-v'^V hernia -\r‘^ 6 yog treatise.] 
ceTom. — Ccelom. 


ce'lo-scope. =C(£loscope. 

ce-lo-so'mi a. A protrusion of the fetal viscera 
through a fissure (as when the sternum is absent 
or the abdominal walls are ununited); monstros¬ 
ity characterized by protrusion of the viscera. 
[< KT]lr] hernia-fcrw^a body.] fceffo-some, ce-lo- 
so'mus, a monster characterized by celosomia. 
ce-los'to-my. =Ccelostomy. 
ce-lot'o-my. = Kelotomy. fceTo-tome. 

Cel'sius’s thermometer. ^Thermometer. [Swed¬ 
ish astronomer, 1701-1744.] 

Cel'sus’s chancre. Soft chancre. 

Cel'tic nard. = Valeriana celtica. 
ce-ment'. i. Any substance used for cementing to¬ 
gether what may have been broken, as lute, 
solder, etc. C. lens = bifocal lens. C. sub¬ 
stance, the intercellular substance of epithelium 
and endothelium which stains with silver nitrate. 
2. The crust of osseous substance covering the 
root of a tooth as enamel does the crown; sub¬ 
stantia ossea*. GS"Tooth. 3. An adhesive ma¬ 
terial, as oxychloride of zinc: used for filling the 
cavities of teeth. [< L. cemen'tum.'] tce-men'tal. 
ce-men'tine. A substance sometimes found joining 
the margins of squamous epithelial cells, 
ce-men'to-blast. Any one of the cells from which 
toothscement is developed. [< L. cemen'tum ce¬ 
ment -I- (Haardg germ.] 

ce-men-to'ma, pi. cementom'ata. A tumor of the 
cement substance of a tooth. 
ce-men‘to-per-i-os-ti'tis. =Pyorrhcea alveolaris. 
ce-men-to'sis. The condition causing cementoma. 
ce-men'tum. = Cement. [L.] 
csn-en-ceph'a-lo-cele. =Encephalocele. [</c£P(if 

empty-f-ENCEPHALOCELE.] 

cen-es-the'si a. = Ccen^sthesia. 
cen-o-’gen'e-sis. Development of an individual 
which does not pass through the usual evolu¬ 
tional stages. [< KEvdg empty + y£V£<ng origin.] 
ce-no'sis. Morbid evacuation; a discharge. [< 
KEvoacg evacuation.] fce-not'ic. 
cen'sor. A member of the body chosen as a stand¬ 
ing committee on ethics or as a board of critical 
examiners by a medical or other society. [ < L. 
cense're to rate or estimate.] 

Cent. An abbr. for centigrade and centimetre. 
Centau'rea. A genus of composite plants, several 
of which are reputed strongly medicinal. C. 
benedic'ta = Cnicus benedictus. 
cen'tau-rin. i. =Erythrocentaurin. 2. =Cnicin. 
cen-tau'ri um, gen. -rii. A name of Erythrce'a cen- 
tau'rium, the medicinal properties of which are 
similar to those of gentian. Dose, 2 to 4 Gm. 
(30 to 60 grs.). Centau'rii cacu'mina, the tops 
of E. centau'rium. [< Kivravpog centaur.] 
cen'tau-ry. A popular name for various plants of 
the genera Centau'rea, Erythrce'a, Sabba'tia, etc., 
especially Erythrce'a centau'rium. 
cen'ter. = Centre. 

cen'ter-ing. The bringing of a lens or an object 
within the optical axis of a microscope, 
cen-tes'i-mal thermometer. (^Thermometer. 
cen-te'sis. Perforation, as of the abdominal walls 
for the relief of dropsy: often used as a suffix, as 
in paracentesis. [<tapping.] 
cen'ti-grade. Having a hundred grades or degrees: 
applied to a French thermometer thus divided. 
C. thermometer, (^thermometer. [< L. cen'- 
tum hundred -f gra'dus grade.] 
cen'ti-gramme. The one^hundredth part of a 
gramme, equal to about one=sixth of a grain. 
[<F. cent hundred + gramme.] 


CENTILITRE 


176 


CENTRE 


cen'ti-li-tre. The one*hundredth part of a litre, 
equal to 0.6102 of an English cubic inch. [< F. 
cent hundred + litre.] 

cen'ti-me-tre. The one^hundredth part of a metre, 
equal to 0.394, or two=fifths, of an English inch; 
abbr.. Cm. or Cntm. C.sgrammessecond system, 
a system of physical measurement in which the 
centimetre is the lengthsunit, the gramme the 
weight=unit, and the second the time=unit: abbr., 
C. G. S. [< F. cent hundred + fnetre.] 
cen-ti-nor'mal. Having the oneshundredth part of 
the normal or standard strength; said of certain 
liquids used in volumetric analysis. [< L. cen'- 
tum hundred + nor'ma rule.] 
cen'trad. Toward the centre. 

cen'tra-di-aph'a-nes. Cataract due to obscurity of 
the central portion of the crystalline lens. [< 
KEVTpov centre + a priv. + Siacpav^g transparent.] 
cen'tral. i. Relating to the centre; situated at the 
centre. 2. Pertaining to or arising from the 
nerve-centres; not peripheral. C. anaesthesia, 
anaesthesia due to a lesion of the central nervous 
system. C. arteries of the brain, the arteries at 



Centres and Zones of the Lateral Aspect of the 
Human Cerebrum. 


the base of the brain supplying the central gan¬ 
glia; ganglionic arteries. C. artery of the retina, 
a branch of the ophthalmic artery accompanying 
the optic nerve to the retina; arteria centralis 
retinae*. C. aspect, the aspect which is toward 
the centre. C. ataxia, ataxia due to some lesion 
of the centres controlling coordination. C. base 
process, the axis-cylinder process given off from 
the centre of the base of the pyramidal cells of 
the brain-cortex. C. canal = canalis centra¬ 
lis*. C. canal of the vitreous = hyaloid canal. 
C. caries, caries occurring in the interior of bone 
and forming a chronic bone abscess. C. cataract, 
,an opacity in the centre of the crystalline lens. 
C. cells = ADELOMORPHOUS CELLS. C. COnVOlu- 
tions, the convolutions adjoining the central fis¬ 
sure. They are the anterior central, precentral, or 
ascending frontal, and the posterior central, post¬ 
central, or ascending parietal. C. fissure, the 
fissure of Rolando. C. foramen, i. The fovea 
centralis. 2. = Foramen cochleae centrale. 
C. fovea = fovea centralis*. C. galvanization, 
galvanization. C. ganglia, the optic thalami 
and corpora striata. C. gyri = C. convolutions. 
C. lesion, a lesion of the central nervous system. 
C. ligament, the filum terminale. C. lithotomy, 
median lithotomy. C. lobe. i. A name for the 
island of Reil, because it is deeply situated, being 


covered i^ by the surrounding pai>ts of the cere¬ 
bral cortex, and is in close relation with the cen¬ 
tral masses of gray matter. 2. The superior 
vermiform process of the cerebellum. C. medul¬ 
lary tract, MEDULLARY TRACT. C. myelitis, 
myelitis affecting the gray matter in the centre 
of the cord. C. necrosis, necrosis of the internal 
portions of a bone. C. nervous system, the 
brain and spinal cord. C. nucleus = prin¬ 
cipal AUDITORY NUCLEUS. C. OSteitis = EN- 
DosTEiTis. C. osteosarcoma, ts- osteosarcoma. 
C. paralysis, paralysis due to a lesion of the 
brain. C. pneumonia, ^pneumonia. C. region, 
ABDOMEN. C. relapsing retinitis, retinitis. 
C. scotoma, scotoma occupying the point of fixa¬ 
tion. C. spindle, the achromatic spindle uniting 
the centrospheres in the division of cells. C. 
sulcus = Rolando’s fissure. C. system (0/ ar¬ 
teries), the arteries at the base of the brain sup¬ 
plying the basal ganglion. C. tendon, the broad, 
thin aponeurosis situated at the centre of the 
diaphragm; centrum phrenicum; cordiform ten¬ 
don; centrum tendineum [diaphragmatis]*. It is 



Centres and Zones of the Mesal Aspect of the 
Human Cerebrum. 


trilobed, and therefore sometimes called Trefoil 
tendon. C. vein, the intralobular vein of an he¬ 
patic lobule. C. vision, vision in which the im¬ 
age is formed at the macula lutea; direct vision. 
[< L. centra'lis, fr. cen'trum centre.] 

cen-tra'le. =Os centrale*. 

cen-tral'i-ty. The independent action of the ner¬ 
vous centres, as opposed to the conductivity of 
the peripheral nerves. 

cen'tra-phose. Any aphose due to lesion in the 
optic or visual centres. 

cen'tre. i. The middle point of anything. 2. A 
nerve-centre. Some of the specially named 
centres are Abdominal ( = epigastric). Acceler¬ 
ating (= cardio-accelerating), Anospinal, 
Arm, Association, Auditory, Automatic, 
Broca’s, Budge’s (= genitospinal), Calorif¬ 
ic, Cardio-accelerating, Cardio-inhibitory, 
CiLiospiNAL, Color, Convulsion or convul- 
sional, Coordination ( = association). Corti¬ 
cal, Cough or coughing. Defecation ( = an¬ 
ospinal), Deglutition, Dentary, Deputy, 
Diabetic, Ejaculation, Emotional, Epigas¬ 
tric, Epiotic, Erection, Facial, Ganglionic, 
Genitospinal or genital. Glycogenic ( = dia¬ 
betic), Gustatory, Heat, Heat-regulating, 
Ideomotor, Independent ( = parenchymatous), 
Inhibitory, Kronecker’s, Micturition, Motor, 













CENTRIC 


177 


CEPHALALGIA 


Naming, Nerve, Olfactory, Orolingual, Os¬ 
sification, Panting (= POLYPNoiic), Paren¬ 
chymatous, Parturition, Polypnceic, Psy- 
CHOCORTICAL, PtEROTIC, PuPILLARY, ReFLEX, 
Respiratory, Sensory, Setschenow’s, Sneez¬ 
ing, Somatic, Spasm, Speech, Sudorific, Swal¬ 
lowing, Sweat, Tactile, Taste, Thermogenic, 
Thermo*inhibitory, Thermolytic, Thermo- 
TAxic, Thumb, Trophic, Vasodilator, Vasomo¬ 
tor, Vasotonic, Vesicospinal or wstca/. Visual, 
Vomiting, Win KING, Word, Words, auditory, and 
Words, visual. C. of gravity, that point in a body 
about which all the parts exactly balance one 
another, so that if that point is supported every 
part is in equilibrium and the whole body is at 
rest. C. of ossification, the point at which ossi¬ 
fication begins. C.spin, the pointed rod of steel 
in the centre of a trephine saw, for fixing the 
trephine. C. of respiration = respiratory cen¬ 
tre. [<L. cen'trumJ] 

cen'tric. Relating to the centre; not peripheral. 

cen-tric'i-put. The midshead; the part of the head 
between the occiput and the sinciput. It cor¬ 
responds to the mesencephalon. [< L. cen'trum 
centre + ca'put head.] tcen-tri-cip'i-tal. 

cen-trif'u-gal. Flying from the centre. C. current, 
an electric current passed through the body with 
the positive pole near the nervescentre and the 
negative at the periph¬ 
ery, the current passing 
from the nervescentre; 
descending current. C. 
force, that force by which 
a body moving in a circu¬ 
lar orbit and striving, 
according to the laws of 
forces, to proceed in a 
straight course, tends to 
fly off from the centre in 
a tangent to the orbit. 

C. machine, a machine 
for rapidly whirling con¬ 
tainers of fluids, so that 
the heavy and light in¬ 
gredients are separated 
more quickly by centrif¬ 
ugal force than they 
would be by the action 
of gravity alone if merely 
allowed to sediment by 
standing. Hemato¬ 
crit. C. nerves or vessels, 
the efferent nerves or ves¬ 
sels. [ < L. cen'trum cen¬ 
tre + fu'gere to fly.] cen- 

trif'u-gal-ize. cen-trif'u-gal-i-za'tion, the use of 
centrifugal force to separate the solid particles 
from a liquid, cen-trif'u-ga-ted milk, matemal- 
ized MILK. 

cen'tri-fuge. = Centrifugal machine. 

cen'tring. = Centering. 

cen'tri-ole. A minute‘body v/ithin the centrosome. 

cen-trip'e-tal. Tending toward the centre. C. cur¬ 
rent, an electric current passed through the body 
with the positive electrode on the nerve and the 
negative at the nerve-centre, the current passing 
toward the latter; ascending current. C. force, 
that force by which a body moving round another 
is impelled toward the centre. C. impression, is" 
impression. C. nerves or vessels, the afferent 
nerves or vessels. C. path = sensory path. 
[< L. cen'trum centre -f- pe'tere to seek.] 

12 



Centrifugal Machine. 
—The upper portion 
is used in blood work 
and the machine is then 
called an haematocrit. 


cen'tro-. Relating to a centre: a combining foim. 
[< L. cen'trum centre.] cen'tro=ac'i-nar cells, 
branching cells situated in the acini of the pan¬ 
creas.— cenffro-cap'su-lar paralysis, paralysis due 
to disease of the internal capsule.— cen*tro-cor'- 
ti-cal paralysis, paralysis due to disease of the 
cerebral cortex.— cenffro-des'mus, the band which 
originally connects the centrosomes and forms the 
beginning of the central spindle. — cen'tro-lec'i- 
thal, having the yolk in the centre and surrounded 
by a peripheral layer of the egg protoplasm: said of 
the ova of certain arthropods.— cenffro-nu'cle us 
= amphinucleus. — cen'tro-phose, any phose 
due to lesion in the optic or visual centres. 
— cen'tro-scle-ro'sis = centrosteosclerosis. — 
cen'tro-some, a small, round, highly refracting 
body of a cell, radiating from whose centre are 
fine fibres, the whole constituting a centrosphere; 
pole-corpuscle; attraction particle. — cen'tro- 
sphere, centrosome. — cen-tro-stal'tic, per¬ 
taining to a centre of motion: applied to the 
action of the vis nervosa in the spinal centre.— 
cen-tros*te-o-scle-ro'sis, central osteosclerosis; 
the filling of the central cavities of long bones 
with osseous material. 

cen'trum. Any anatomical centre, such as the body 
of a vertebra. C. commu'ne, “ common centre” (of 
nerves or of ganglia), the solar plexus. C. ner'- 
veum, ‘‘ tendinous centre,” the central tendon of 
the diaphragm. C. ova'le ma'jus, the large cen¬ 
tral mass of white matter seen on removing the 
upper portion of the cerebrum at the level of the 
corpus callosum; centrum ovale of Vieussens. C. 
ova'le mi'nus, the central core of white matter 
seen on making a transverse section of the cerebral 
hemispheres at any level; centrum ovale of Vicq 
d’Azyr. C. tendine'um [diaphrag'matis]* or C. 
phren'icum = central tendon. [L., fr. Khrpov, 
fr. KEvrelv to prick or pierce.] 
cen'tu-ry plant. = Agave Americana. 
ce'pa. = Onion. [L.] 

ce-pha'e-line. An active alkaloid, CJ5H22NO, from 
ipecac: nearly twice as strong as emetine. The 
dose of the hydrochloride is 0.005 Gm. (pg- gr.). 
Cephae'lis ipecacuan'ha. The South American plant 
from which ipecacuanha is obtained, 
ceph'a-lad. Toward the head: opposed to caudad. 
[< KEcpaXif head.] 

ceph-a-lae'a. A disease of the head, especially a 
persistent headache of severe type, 
ceph-a-lae-mat'o-cele, ceph-al-hae-mat'o-cele. A 
bloody tumor beneath the pericranium, com¬ 
municating with one or more sinuses of the dura 
mater through an opening in the cranial bones. 
Stromeyer’s c., a subperiosteal cephalaematocele 
dilating with blood during forced expiration, 
ceph-a-lae-ma-to'ma, ceph-al-hag-ma-to'ma. i. A 
sanguineous tumor sometimes occurring in new¬ 
born children; thrombus neonatorum; an effu¬ 
sion of blood on the head between the perioste¬ 
um (pericranium) and the bone. It generally 
occurs one, two, or three days after birth. 2. 

. Caput succedaneum. 3. Contusion of the scalp, 
ceph-a-lae'mi a. Congestion of head or of brain, 
ceph'a-la-gogue. An obstetrical forceps or other in¬ 
strument for traction in childbirth. [</c£^oA^ 
head-l-ayeiv to draw.] 

ceph-a-la'gra. Severe pain in the head, gouty or 
rheumatic. [< KscpaXr/ head d-aypa seizure.] 
ceph-a-lal'gi a, ceph-a-lal'gy. Headache or pain in 
the head. [<head-fa/lyof pain.] fceph- 
a-lal'gic, relating to headache. 
















CEPHALANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS 


178 


CEPHALO- 


Cephalan'thus occidenta'lis. The buttonsbush, an 
American rubiaceous shrub. The bark of the 
root has been used in medicine as a tonic and 
laxative and contains ceph-a-lan'thin, a poison¬ 
ous substance resembling saponin and causing 
destruction of bloodscorpuscles. 
ceph-al-hae-mat'o-cele. = Cephal^matocele. 
ceph-al-hae-ma-to'ma. = Cephal^matoma. 
ceph-al-hy'dro-cele. A watery or serous accumula¬ 
tion beneath the cranial fascia and outside the 
cranium. It is oftenest seen in cases of cranial 
fracture, and then it contains cerebrospinal fluid, 
ce-phal'ic. i. Belonging to the head. 2. A ce¬ 
phalic medicine. C. acid, a peculiar acid occurring 
as a radical in cephalin. C. artery, the common 
carotid artery. C. aura, a peculiar sensation in 
the head preceding an epileptic or hysterical at¬ 
tack. C. auscultation, auscultation of the head. 
C. enteron, the cephalic portion of the enteron. C. 
flexure, fold, or hood, the bend at the head end of 
the embryo, Caudal flexure. C. ganglion, 
the sympathetic g. of the head, including the 
ciliary, otic, sphenopalatine, and submaxillary. 
C. index, the number obtained by dividing the 
greatest cranial breadth multiplied by 100 by the 
greatest cranial length. C. line, any craniometri- 
cal line measured on the surface of the skull. C. 
medicine, a medicine for diseases of the head. C. 
murmur =C. souffle. C. pole, the cephalic ex¬ 
tremity of a foetus. C. presentation, presentation 
of any part of the fetal head in labor. C. snuff, 
a snuff composed of seven parts asarabacca and 
one part dried lavender flowers. C. souflde, a 
blov/ing sound heard on auscultating the head of 
an anaemic patient. C. suspension, suspension of 
the body by the head for the purpose of making 
extension in the vertebral column, Suspen¬ 
sion. C. tetanus, tetanus due to injuries of the 
head, particularly in the region of the fifth nerve. 
It is also called hydrophobic tetanus, because 
sometimes attended with pharyngeal spasm. C. 
triangle, a triangle on the anteroposterior plane 
of the skull bounded by a line uniting the fore¬ 
head and chin and others from these points to the 
occiput. C. vein, a branch of the axillary vein 
which lies along the outer border of the biceps 
and is formed by the union of the median cephalic 
and radial cutaneous veins. Median c. vein, the 
outer of the two divisions of the median vein which 
empties into the cephalic vein. C. version, version 
by which the head is made to present. C. vesi¬ 
cles, enlargements of the anterior extremity of 
the medullary tube of the embryo, which develop 
into the encephalon, and are denominated an¬ 
terior, middle and posterior, according to their 
locations. [ < L. cephal'icus, fr. head.] 

ceph'a-lin. A substance analogous to lecithin, 
but containing the radical cephalic acid. It is 
obtained from brain*substance, and occurs in 
several modified forms, 
ceph'a-line. A proprietary headache remedy, 
ceph'a-lism. The classification of mankind based 
on craniometrical measurements, 
ceph-a-li'tis. = Encephalitis. 
ceph'a-lo-. Denoting connection with the head: a 
combining form. [< KZ<^dk'q head.] ceph’a-lo- 
ca-thar'tic, purging or cleansing the head.— ceph'- 
a-lo-cele, a protrusion of some part of the cranial 
contents; hernia cephalica. Encephalocele. 
— ceph'a-lo-cen-te'sis, the surgical puncture of 
the head.— ceph'a-lo-cer'cal axis, the long axis of 
the body.— ceph'a-lo-chord, the intracranial por¬ 


tion of the chorda dorsalis of the embryo.— ceph'- 
a-lo-clast = cephalotribe. — ceph'a-lo-cysts = 
Cestoidea. — ceph'a-lo-dym'i a, the condition of a 
double monstrosity united by the head. fceph- 
a-lod'y-mus.— ceph'a-lo-dyn'i a, headache; pain 
in the head.— ceph-a-lcE-de'ma, oedema of the 
head.— ceph’a-lo-fa'ci al index, the relation be¬ 
tween the combined capacities of the orbits, 
nasal fossae, and contiguous cavities to that 
of the skull. — ceph'a-lo-gas'ter, the anterior 
portion of the enteric canal in the embryo. 
ceph*a-lo-gen'e-sis, the doctrine or theory of the 
formation of the brain.— ceph-a-log'ra-phy, a de¬ 
scription of the head, or of heads, as in craniog- 
raphy.— ceph-a-lo-hae-ma-to'ma = cephal^ma- 
TOMA. — ceph'a-lo-hae'mi a = cephal^mia. — 
ceph'a-lo-hae-mom'e-ter, an instrument for ascer¬ 
taining the changes in the amount of intracranial 
bloodepressure.— ceph'a-loid, resembling the head. 

— ceph-a-lol'o-gy, a treatise on the head; the 
science of the head considered in its anatomical 
and physiological aspects.—ceph*a-lo-me-ga'li a. 
ceph-a-lo-lox'i a, wry*nec;k.— ceph-a-lo'ma, a 
medullary tumor; a soft tumor, Encephaloid. 

— ceph‘a-lo-me'li a, the attachment of an acces¬ 
sory limb to a fetal head.— ceph-a-lom'e-lus, a 
monstrosity having an accessory limb growing 
from the head.— ceph-a-lo-me'ni a, aberration of 
the catamenia to the head, as from the nose.— 
ceph’a-lo-men-in-gi'tis, inflammation of the brain 
membranes; meningocephalitis.— ceph-a-lom'e- 
ter. I. An instrument for ascertaining the size 
of the fetal head during parturition. 2. A kind 
of craniometer.— ceph-a-lom'e-try, measurement 
of the living head, (s- Craniometry. — ceph*a-lo- 
my-i'tis, inflammation of the muscles of the head. 

— ceph*a-lo-na'sal index, the relation of the ca¬ 
pacity of the nasal fossae and contiguous cavities 
to that of the skull.— ceph-a-lo'nia, abnormal 
largeness of the cranium with hypertrophy of the 
brain. ^Nanocephalia. — ceph'a-lont, spor- 
ont. ceph*a-lo=or'bi-tal index, the number ob¬ 
tained by dividing the cubical capacity of the two 
orbits multiplied by 100 by the cubical capacity 
of the cranium.— ceph‘a-lo-pa'gi a, union of two 
foetuses by their heads.— ceph‘a-lo-pag'o-tome, an 
instrument for dividing and making traction upon 
the fetal head.— ceph-a-lop'a-gus = craniopag- 
us.— ceph-a-lop'a-thy, any disease of the head.— 
ceph*a-lo-phar-yn-gae'us. i. The constrictor sup¬ 
erior pharyngis muscle. 2. An occasional muscle 
arising from the base of the skull and inserted into 
the inferior constrictor of the pharynx.— ceph'a- 
lo-phy'ma, a tumor of the head.— ceph'a-lo-pine, 
an oily substance extracted from brain=tissue. 

— ceph'a-lo-ple'gi a, paralysis of the muscles of 
the head and face.— Cephalop'oda, a class of 
molluscs.— ceph-a-lo-po'ni a, a heavy pain in 
the head.—■ ceph-a-lo-psyc'ter, an apparatus for 
cooling the head.— ceph‘a-lo-py-o'sis, an abscess 
in the head.— ceph-a-lo-rha-chid'i an, relating to 
the head and the spine, as'C. = cerebro¬ 
spinal fluid: and C. membranes, the dura mater, 
arachnoid, and pia mater.— ceph*a-lo-rheu'ma, 
rheumatic affection of the head.—ceph'a-lo-scope, 
a stethoscope for auscultating the head.— ceph'- 
a-lo-so-ma-to-dyn'i a, a double monster united by 
the head and trunk.— ceph‘a-lo-spi'nal, relating 
to the head and the spine, as C. fluid = cerebro- 
spinalNfluid : and C. index, the relation between 
the areapf the foramen magnum and the capac¬ 
ity of the skull.— ceph'a-lo-stat, a device ot 


CEPHALULCUS 


179 


CERATUM 


clamp for holding a patient’s head.— ceph'a-lo- 
style, the cranial end of the notochord.— ceph'a- 
lot, a form of brain^fat, distinct from cerebrot; 
cerencephalot. — ceph’a-lo-thla'si a = cephalo- 
TRiPSY. — ceph'a-lo-thlast = cephalotribe.— 
ceph-a-lo-tho-ra'cic, relating to the head and 
thorax.— ceph*a-lo-tho-ra-cop'a-gus, a monster 
having two joined heads and two joined thoraxes; 
prosopothoracopagus. — ceph*a-lo-thoTa-co-ste- 
ru'me-nus, a monster without head or thorax.— 
ceph-a-lot'o-my, dissection of the head; cutting or 
breaking down of the fetal head. i^Embry- 
OTOMY. tceph'a-lo-tome, an instrument so used; 
labitome.— ceph-a-lo-trac'tor, an obstetrical for¬ 
ceps.— ceph'a-lo-tribe, an instrument intended 
to supersede the crotchet and perforator in the 
operation of craniotomy and cephalotripsy.— 
ceph’a-lo-trid'y-mus, a monstrosity with three 
heads; a tricephalus.— ceph*a-lo-trip'sy, crushing 
the head of the foetus to facilitate delivery; 
basiolysis; basiotripsy.— ceph‘a-lo-try-pe'sis, the 
operation of trephining the skull.— ceph-a-lo- 
tryp'sis = cephalotripsy. — ceph*a-lo-tryp'tor, an 
instrument for perforating or trephining the skull, 
ceph-a-lul'cus. An instrument for extracting the 
head of the foetus in labor. [< Kt^dki] head -f 
£?.KEiv to draw.] 

cep'tor. A term used by Ehrlich in place of inter¬ 
mediary body, Ehrlich’s sidesChain theory. 
ce'ra. Wax; beeswax. C. al'ba*, white w'ax, i. e., 
yellow wax, bleached. C. fla'va*, yellow wax, a 
solid substance prepared from the honey=comb 
of the bee. A'pis mellif'era. [L., fr. KT/poc wax.] 
fce-ra'ce ous, of waxy appearance or consistence, 
ce-ra'go. Bee=bread: formerly used as medicine, 
cer-a-mu'ri a. A disease marked by phosphates in 
the urine; phosphaturia. [ < Kepapog potter’s earth 
-t- ovpov urine.] 

ce-ra'se-in. A resinoid from the bark of Cer'asus 
virginia'na. It is diaphoretic and sedative, and 
is used as a substitute for quinine. Dose, 0.3 to 
0.65 Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). 

cer'a-sin. A principle forming the main bulk of 
the gums of cherry, peach, plum, and apricot: 
said by some to be identical with metarabin and 
by others with bassorin. 

ce-ras'i-nose. A carbohydrate isomeric with arabi- 
nose, obtained from cherry^gum. 
cer'a-sus. A synonym for the cherry-tree. 
Prunus cerasus. 

cerate (si'ret or s^r'et). =Ceratum*. Camphor c. 
= CERATUM camphors*. Cantharides c. =ce- 
RATUM CANTHARiDis*. Goulard’s c. or C. of lead 
subacetate = ceratum plumbi subacetatis*. 
Hufeland’s c., ^ Hufeland. Rosin c.= cera¬ 
tum RESiN/E*. Compound rosin c. = ceratum 
resinae compositum*. Savin c. = ceratum sabi- 
NAE. Simple c., ^SIMPLE. Spermaceti c.= CERA¬ 
TUM CETACEi. [< L. cera'ium, fr. ce'ra wax.] 
cer-a-tec'to-my. = Kerectomy. 
cer-a-ti'a-sis. The presence of horny growths, or 
the morbid condition associated with such 
growths. [< Kepac horn.] 
cera-tich-thy-o'sis. = Keratichthyosis. 
cer'a-tin. == Keratin. 

cer-a-ti'tis. = Keratitis. C. puncta'ta = aquo- 
CAPSULiTis. [< KEpag hom or the cornea.] 
cer'a-to-. Denoting connection with the cornu of 
the hyoid bone or with the cornea, sometimes 
horniness; kerato-: a combining form. [< 
KEpa^ horn or the cornea.] cer*a-tosar-y-te'noid 
muscle, a portion of the posterior crico-arytenoid 


muscle arising from the lower hom of the thyroid 
cartilage. — cer’a-to-bran'chi al, pertaining to the 
great cornu of the hyoid and to the branchial 
arches, as C. segment, stylohyoid arch. — 
cer'a-to-cele = KERATOCELE.— cer*a-to-con-junc- 
ti-vi'tis = KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS. — ccr'a-to-co'- 
nus = KERATOcoNUs.— cer'a-to-cri'coid muscle, 
the posterior cricothyroid : called so because it 
is attached to one of the horns of the thy¬ 
roid cartilage. — cer'a-to-de-i'tis = keratitis. — 
cer’a-to-de-o-nyx'is = needling. — cer-a-tod'o- 
cele = KERATOCELE. — cer-a-to-gen'c-sis, the for¬ 
mation of hom or a horny growth. — cer'a-to- 
glo'bus = KERATOGLOBUS. — cer*a-to-glos'sus, 
that part of the hyoglossus muscle which is 
attached to the great horn of the hyoid bone.— 
cer*a-to-hy'al. i. Pertaining to the cornu of the 
hyoid bone. 2. One of the small cornua of the 
hyoid bone. — cer'a-toid == keratoid. — cer'a-tos 
i-ri'tis = KERATO-iRiTis. — cer-a-to'ma = kera¬ 
toma. — cer'a-to-ma-la'ci a = keratomalacia. — 
cer*a-to-me-nin-gi'tis = keratitis. — cer-a-ton'o- 
sus, disease of the cornea.— cer’a-to-nyx'is = 
NEEDLING.— cer'a-to-pha-ryn'gc US, that part 
of the middle constrictor of the pharynx 
which ri.ses from the cornu of the hyoid 
bone. — cer-a-toph'o-rus = keratophorus. — 
cer'a-to-plas-ty = keratoplasty. — cer'a-tor- 
rhex'is=KERATORRHExis.— cer'a-to-scope= ker- 
AToscoPE. — cer-a-to'sis = keratosis. — cer*a- 
to-staph-y-li'nus, fibres of the thyrostaphylinus 
passing from the cornu of the hyoid bone to the 
uvula.— cer'a-to-stro'ma, a skin affection marked 
by the presence of homy scales. i^Ichthyosis. — 
cer*a-to-thy'roid muscle, an occasional muscle, 
short and slender, arising from the lower border 
of the cricoid cartilage behind the articular facet 
and inserted into the inferior cornu of the thy¬ 
roid cartilage.— cer'a-to-tome=KERATOME. fcer- 
a-tot'o-my. 

cer'a-tous. Hom-like. 

ce-ra'tum*, pi. cera'ta. “Cerate.” i. A compound 
ointment in which wax is present as an ingredi¬ 
ent. 2. A compound of similar consistence 
though not containing wax. 3. The U. S. P. 
name for a solid, fatty pharmaceutical prepara¬ 
tion made by heating together 300 Gm. of white 
wax, 200 Gm. of white petrolatum, and 500 Gm. 
of benzoinated lard. It is of a consistence firmer 
than an ointment and is used as a dressing. In 
southern latitudes and during the heated season 
in other localities, 50 Gm. of the benzoinated lard 
may be replaced by an equal quantity of white 
wax. C. ad'ipis = simple cerate. C. al'bum 
= C. CETACEI. C. calami'nae, a cerate containing 
calamine, or zinc carbonate. C. cam'phorae*, 
camphor cerate, a mixture of camphor liniment, 
white wax, white petrolatum, and benzoinated 
lard: used as a stimulating dressing. C. canthar'- 
idis*, cantharides cerate, i. The common blis¬ 
tering plaster (or salve) of the shops. 2. The 
U. S. P. name for a blistering cerate made from 
cantharides, liquid petrolatum, yellow wax, rosin, 
lard, and oil of turpentine. C. ceta'cei, sper¬ 
maceti cerate, the 1890 U. S. P. name for a cerate 
containing 10 per cent, of spermaceti: used as a 
dressing for blisters, wounds, and excoriated sur¬ 
faces. C. fla'vum, “yellow cerate,” yellow wax 
10 parts, oil of. sweet almond 35 parts, water 25 
parts. C. plum'bi subaceta'tis*, “cerate of lead 
subacetate,” a mixture of solution of lead sub¬ 
acetate, 20 Gm.; woobfat, 20 Gm.; paraffin, ?q 


CERBERIN 


180 


CEREBRAL 


Gm,; white petrolatum, 38 Gm.; and camphor, 2 
Gm.: commonly known as Goulard’s cerate. C. 
resi'nae*, rosin cerate, or basilicon ointment. It 
contains 350 Gm. of rosin, 150 Gm. of yellow 
wax, and 500 Gm. of lard. C. resi'nae compos'- 
itum*, compound rosin cerate, a mixture of rosin, 
yellow wax, prepared suet, turpentine, and 
linseed oil; Deshler’s salve. C. sabi'nae, savin 
cerate, the 1880 U. S. P. name for an ointment 
25 parts fl. ext. of savin and 90 parts rosin cerate. 
C. sapo'nis, soap cerate; a cerate containing soap 
plaster. C. sim'plex = simple cerate. [L., fr. 
ce'ra wax.] 

cer'be-rin. A poisonous glucoside, from 

the fruit of Theve'tia yccoi'li: it resembles digi¬ 
talin in action. Dose, 0.00025 to 0.001 Gm. (2^5(7 
to g^-)- 

cer-ca'ri a, pi. -ri(B. The larval form of certain en- 
tozoa, particularly of the genus Dis'toma. [ L.] 

cerch'nus. A noisy respiration; wheezing. [ < aepx- 
vog, fr. Kepxvetv to render hoarse.] 

Cer'cis canaden'sis. Judas tree, red=bud, a legu¬ 
minous tree of the Eastern United States. Its 
bark is astringent and used in diarrhoea and dys¬ 
entery. Dose of fl. ext., 2 to 4 Cc. to i fl. dr.). 

Cercom'onas. A genus of parasitic, flagellate pro¬ 
tozoans. C. hom'inis is smaller than C. intestina'- 
lis and is said to occur in cancer of the stomach. 
C. intestina'lis has been found in the faeces of 
chronic diarrhoea, cholera, and typhoid fever; 
Lam'blia intestina'lis {duodena'Us). [ < KepKog 

tail + povdq monad.] Jcer-corn'o-nad, an organism 
of the genus Cercom'onas. 

cer-co'sis. i. The clitoris. 2. Enlargement of the 
clitoris. 3. Uterine polypus. [ </cepAo^ tail.] 

ce're al. i. Pertaining to edible grain or bread- 
stuffs. 2. Any graminaceous plant, as wheat, 
barley, maize. [ < L. cerea'lis, fr. Ce'res goddess 
of agriculture.] 

ce're-a-lin. A nutritious principle from various 
cereals. 

cer-e-bel'lar. Relating to the cerebellum. C. angle 
= SUBOCCIPITAL ANGLE. C. apoplexy, apoplexy 
due to effusion of blood into the cerebellum. C. 
arteries, the arteries supplying the cerebellum. 
C. ataxia, ataxia dependent on a lesion of the 
cerebellum. C. column, the direct cerebellar 
tract. Direct c. tract, a tract of fibres extending 
from the lateral column of the spinal cord up to 
the vermiform process and lobes of the cerebellum 
through the restiform body and the inferior cere¬ 
bellar peduncle. C. fossa, the posterior cerebral 
FOSSA. C. ganglion, the corpus dentatum of the 
cerebellum. C, laminae, layers of white matter 
covered with gray matter springing from the cen¬ 
tral white axis of the cerebellum. Lateral c. 
tract, a tract of fibres uniting the column of Clarke 
and the vermis of the cerebellum. C. notch, one 
of the clefts separating the hemispheres of the 
cerebellum. They are two in number, the an¬ 
terior and the posterior. C. peduncles = pedun¬ 
cles OF THE cerebellum. C. proccss, the supe¬ 
rior cerebellar peduncle, Processus e cere- 
bello ad testes. C. rigidity, rigidity of the 
muscles of the back, arms, and legs, and a draw¬ 
ing back of the head, due to tumors of the middle 
lobe of the cerebellum. C. sector, the surface on 
the median plane of the skull contained between 
lines from the hormion to the inion and to the opis- 
thion. C. seizure, attacks due to cerebellar tumors: 
characterized by loud tinnitus,vertigo, sudden fall¬ 
ing, and sometimes blindness, loss of conscious¬ 


ness, and tonic spasms. C. tract, the direct cere¬ 
bellar tract. C. vallecula = V allecula CERE- 
belli*. C. veins, the veins from the cerebellum. 
Inferior c. veins, branches of the inferior petrosal 
and occipital sinuses from the lower portion of the 
cerebellum. Superior c. veins, veins returning the 
blood from the upper surface of the cerebellum. 

cer-e-bel-lif'u-gal. Tending away from the cerebel¬ 
lum. 

cer-e-bel-lip'e-tal. Tending toward the cerebellum. 

cer-e-bel-li'tis. Inflammation of the cerebellum. 

cer-e-bel'lo-. Relating to the cerebellum: a com¬ 
bining form. [< Cerebellum.] cer-e-bel*lo-cor'- 
tex, the cerebellar cortex.— cer-e-bel'lo-med'ul- 
la-ry cistern = cistern a magna. — cer-e-bel*lo= 
ol'i-va-ry tract, the continuation of the posterior 
columns of the spinal cord through the olivary 
and restiform bodies to the cerebellum.— cer-e- 
beMo-pon'tile angle, the angle or recess formed 
by the cerebellum, medulla, and pons. In it are 
found the fifth, seventh, and eighth nerves.— 
cer-e-bel*lo-spi'nal, relating to the cerebellum and 
the spinal cord. 

cer-e-bel'lum*. The little brain, situated at the 
lower and back part of the cranium. [L., dim. 
of cer'ebrum brain.] 

cer'e-bral. Belonging to the brain; brain dike. C. 
abscess, a collection of pus in the brain ^sub¬ 
stance. C. actinomycosis, disease of the brain 
due to the presence of Actinomyce'tes. C. amau¬ 
rosis, AMAUROSIS. C. anaemia, deficient supply 
of blood to the brain. C. anaesthesia, anaesthesia 
due to le.sion of the cerebrum. C. angle, the 
angle between lines from the auricular point to 
the inion and to the glabella. C. apophysis, the 
pineal gland. C. apoplexy, an apoplectic con¬ 
dition due to hemorrhage into the brain. C. 
arteries, the arteries supplying the cerebrum, 
three on each side. C. ataxia, ataxia caused by 
a lesion of the cerebrum. C. carotid artery, the 
internal carotid. C. cleft, in the embryo, a fur¬ 
row which separates the brain=vesicles. C. con¬ 
gestion, CONGESTION. C. convolutions, the 
tortuous eminences formed by the folds of the 
cortical substance of the cerebrum. C. cortex = 
CORTEX CEREBRI. C. crisis, a severe and sudden 
attack of apoplexy, hemiplegia, or convulsions. 
C. croup = LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS. C. crura, 
CRUS CEREBRI. C. deafness, deafness due to 
a lesion of the brain. C. diabetes, diabetes in 
which cerebrose occurs in the urine instead of 
glucose. It is due to cerebral lesion. C, dropsy 
= HYDROCEPHALUS. C. embolism, embolism of 
a cerebral artery. C. exhaustion, neurasthenia 
resulting from overwork of the brain. C. fat = 
CEREBRiN, def. I. C. fever = meningitis. C. 
fossa, any one of three depressions — anterior, 
middle, and posterior — on each side of the floor 
of the cranial cavity, lodging respectively the 
frontal lobe, the temporal lobe, and the cerebel¬ 
lum. C. ganglia, the optic thalami and the corpora 
striata. C. hemianaesthesia, hemian^esthesia. 
C. hemiplegia, hemiplegia. C. hemispheres, 
the two halves of the cerebrum separated by the 
great longitudinal fissure. C. hemorrhage, C. 
APOPLEXY. C. hernia, protru.sion of brainstissue 
through an opening in the skull. s^Encepha- 
LOCELE. C. hyperaesthesia, hyperaesthesia due to 
lesion of the cerebrum. C. index, the number 
obtained by dividing the maximum anteropos¬ 
terior diameter of the cranial cavity multiplied 
by 100 by its maximum transverse diameter; 


CEREBRALGIA 


181 


CEREBROSPINAL 


cephalic index. Anterior c. lobcw = frontal 
LOBE. Inferior c. lobe = temporosphenoidal 
LOBE. Middle c. lobe = parietal lobe. Pos¬ 
terior c. lobe = OCCIPITAL lobe. C. localization, 
the locating in the brain of centres which control 
certain acts or functions. C. macula = tache 
cerebrals, def. i. C. membranes, the mem¬ 
branes covering the brain; meninges cerebrales: 
the dura mater, the pia mater, and the arach¬ 
noid C. meningitis, ts- meningitis. C. nerve, a 
cranial nerve. C. neuralgia = cerebralgia. 
C. neurasthenia, neurasthenia in which cerebral 
symptoms, as visual disturbances, insomnia, de¬ 
pression, etc., are predominant. C. oedema = 
CEPHALCEDEMA. C. pachymeningitis, m- pachy¬ 
meningitis. C. paralysis, paralysis due to some 
cerebral lesion. C. papilloma, a warty growth on 
the cerebral pia mater. C. peduncles, crus 
CEREBRI. C. pneumonia, pneumonia with marked 
cerebral symptoms. C. protuberance, the pons 
varolii. C. phthisis, phthisis of the cerebrum. C. 
respiration, respiration with closed lips, distended 
cheeks, and nostrils dilated at each expiration, 
the air being expelled through the lips with a 
puffing sound. It occurs in low fevers, as typhus. 
C. rheumatism, ra- rheumatism. C. rudiment, the 
primitive cerebral vesicle. C. sclerosis, multiple 
sclerosis of the brain. C. sector, the space on the 
median plane of the skull included between lines 
drawn from the hormion to the basion and the 
nasion, or to the inion and the nasion. C. seda¬ 
tive, one which affects chiefly the brain, including 
such substances as cannabis indica, the hypnotics, 
the bromides, hyoscine, etc. C. seizure, cere¬ 
bellar SEIZURE. C. spasm, one due to cerebral 
lesion. C. spot = tache cerebrale, def. i. C. 
stimulant, stimulant. C. surgery, surgical 
treatment of diseases of the cerebrum. C. surprise, 
hebetude preceding the return to consciousness 
after cerebral hemorrhage. C. tetanus, ts- teta¬ 
nus. C. trigone, the fornix. C. tuberculosis, 
tubercular meningitis, or tuberculosis of the brain® 
tissue itself. C. valve = Vieussens’s valve. C. 
veins, the veins from the cerebrum. Inferior c. 
veins, branches to the cranial sinuses from the 
lower surface of the cerebrum. Internal c. 
vein, a vein formed by the choroid vein and the 
vein of the corpus striatum and emptying into 
the vein of Galen. Middle c. vein, a vein accom- 
panving the artery of the same name and empty¬ 
ing into the cavernous or some other sinus at the 
base of the brain. Superior c. veins, branches of 
the inferior and superior longitudinal sinuses from 
the upper part of the cerebrum. C. ventricles, 
ventricles of the brain. C. vesicles, the three 
primarv divisions {anterior, middle, and posterior) 
of which the brain of the embryo originally con¬ 
sists. Of these three primary vesicles the anterior 
and posterior subdivide, resulting in the produc¬ 
tion of five secondary cerebral vesicles, the fore^ 
brain, the mid^brain, and the hirid^hrain. [< L. 
cerebra'lis, fr. cer'ebrum brain.] 
cer-e-bral'gi a. Neuralgia in the head, of cerebral 
origin. [< L. cer'ebrum + d2,yoq pain.] 
cer'e-bral-ism. The doctrine that thought and 
other mental actions are dependent upon the 
functions of the brain. 

cer-e-bras-the'ni a. i. Debility associated with brain® 
symptoms. 2. = Cerebral neur.\sthenia. 
cer-e-bra'tion. The action of the brain during any 
mental operation. Unconscious c., a mental proc¬ 
ess of which the consciousness takes no note. 


ce-re'bri a. Cerebral exhaustion, 
cer'e-bric acid. A fatty acid existing in the brain 
in combination with soda, 
ce-reb'ri-form. Like the form or substance of the 
brain; encephaloid. C. cancer = encephaloid. 
cer-e-brif'u-gal. Conveying cerebral impulse out¬ 
ward; centrifugal: applied to nerve®fibres. 
cer'e-brin. i. A reddish, fatty substance, Cj-RggNO.,, 
found in certain nitrogenous substances of the 
brain, medullary sheaths, yolk of egg, etc., which 
on hydration yield galactose; cerebroside. 2. A 
proprietary remedy, said to be obtained from 
brain =tissue. [< L. cer'ebrum brain.] 
cer-e-brin'ic acid. An acid, Cj^H^gNOg, occurring 
in the brain. 

cer-e-brip'e-tal. Seeking the cerebrum; carrying 
sensations from the periphery to the brain; cen¬ 
tripetal. 

cer-e-bri'tis. Inflammation of the brain ; en¬ 
cephalitis, which is etymologically more cor¬ 
rect. [< L. cer'ebrum hram-y -itis.] 
cer'e-bro-. Denoting the brain: a combining form. 
[< L. cer'ebrum brain.] cefe-bro-ga-lac'tose = 
CEREBROSE . — cer'e-bro-hy'phoid, resembling 
brain®tissue.— cer'e-broid, resembling brain or 
brain ®substance.— cer'e-brol, an oily substance 
obtainable from brain =tissue.— cer-e-bro'le in, an 
olein obtained from brain®tissue.— cer-e-brol'- 
o-gy, a treatise on the brain.— cer-e-bro'ma, an 
abnormal mass of brain®matter outside the 
cranium. — cer*e-bro-ma-la'ci a, softening of the 
brain.— cere-bro-med'ul-la-ry tube, a tube in the 
embryo formed by the inverted epiblast, from 
which the cerebrospinal axis is developed; the 
neural canal.— cer-e-brom'e-ter, an instrument 
for recording cerebral pulsations.— cer-e-brop'- 
a-thy, brain®disease; especially, brain=fag, or 
the results of overwork of the brain.— cer*e- 
bro-phys-i-ol'o-gy, the physiology of the cere¬ 
brum.— cer‘e-bro-pon'tile tract, a tract of fibres 
extending from the cerebrum to the pons through 
the internal capsule and the crus cerebri.— cer'e- 
bro-psy-cho'sis, disease marked by deranged, men¬ 
tal action.— cer‘e-bro-rha-chid'i an = cerebro¬ 
spinal. — cer*e-bro-scle-ro'sis, sclerosis of the 
brain=sub&tance. — cer-e-bros'co-py, diagnostic 
examination of the brain, often performed by 
examining the eye through a form of ophthal¬ 
moscope known as ce-re'bro-scope. — cer'e-brose, 
brain ®sugar, CgHj^Og, existing in brainssubstance 
and occurring in the urine of certain diabetic 
patients; cerebrogalactose. — cer'e-bro-side, -sid, 
any chemical substance existing in the brain® 
tissue under its own form.— cer-e-bro'sis, any 
cerebral disease.— cefe-bro-spi'nal, see in vocab¬ 
ulary place at end of list.— cer*e-bro-spi'nant, an 
agent or medicine that affects the brain and 
the myelon.— cer*e-bro-su'ri a, the occurrence of 
cerebrose in the urine. — cer'e-brot, a white fatty 
principle from brain®substance. ^Cephalot. 
— cer-e-brot'o-my, dissection of the brain. 
cer*e-bro-spi'nal. Relating to the cerebrum and the 
spinal cord. C. axis, the central nervous system, 
consisting of the brain and the spinal cord. C. 
canal, the neural canal, formed by the skull and 
the spine and containing the brain and spinal 
cord with their membranes and blood®vessels. 
C. fever or Epidemic c. meningitis, an infectious 
disease, occurring sporadically or epidemically, 
due to the Diplococ'cus intracellula'ris; malignant 
purpuric fever; petechial fever; spotted fever. It 
is characterized by sudden invasion, with extreme 


CEREBRUM 


182 


CERVICAL 


nervous shock, vomiting, excessive pain, referred 
to the back of the neck and spine, spasmodic 
contraction of the muscles, and frequently de¬ 
lirium, accompanied by purpuric eruptions, and 
frequently by vesicular eruptions, usually of her¬ 
petic character. This disease is liable to be con¬ 
founded with typhus fever on account of the pe¬ 
techial rash, but is distinguished from typhus 
by the rash appearing suddenly without any pre¬ 
vious mottling of the skin. ^ Antimeningitic 
SERUM. C. fluid, the clear, limpid, alkaline fluid 
contained in the ventricles of the brain, the sub¬ 
arachnoid spaces, and the central canal of the 
spinal cord. C. meningitis = C. fever. C. scle¬ 
rosis, multiple sclerosis of the brain and cord. 
C. segment, that part of the motor tract which 
begins in the cortex O- the cerebrum and extends 
to the anterior horns of gray matter of the cord. 
C. serum = C. fluid. C. system, the brain and 
spinal cord, with the nerves originating from 
them. [< L. cer'ebrum hTsan-\- spi'na spine. J 
cer'e-brum. The brain proper, occupying the en¬ 
tire upper portion of the cranium, and separated 
from the cerebellum by the tentorium. It is di¬ 
vided on its upper surface by the deep median 
longitudinal fissure into two equal portions, called 
hemispheres, which are united at the bottom of 
the median cleft by a transverse bridge of white 
matter, called the corpus callosum or commissura 
magna. The brain is primarily composed of two 
substances, the white matter, constituting the in¬ 
terior or medullary portion, which consists prin¬ 
cipally of nervesfibres, and the gray or cineri- 
tious matter, situated chiefly on the surface and 
containing the nerve»cells. C. abdomina'le = so¬ 
lar PLEXUS. C. elonga'tum = MEDULLA oblon¬ 
gata. C. exsicca'tum, dried, powdered, gray 
brainssubstance of calves: used in neurasthenia, 
chorea, and psychoses. Dose, 4 Gm. (i dr.). C. 
par'vum or poste'rior = cerebellum*. [L.] 
cere'cloth. An antiseptic waxed fabric used for 
dressings. 

ce-rec'to-my. = Kerectomy. 
cer-en-ceph'a-lot. =Cephalot. [ <wax + 
eyKi<l>aloc brain.] 
ce-re'o-li. Medicated bougies. 

cer'e-sin. Earthswax; a waxy substance obtained 
from ozocerite: used as a substitute for beeswax. 
Ce'reus. A genus of cactaceous plants, remarkable 
for the singularity of their forms and the beauty 
of their flowers. Many species have a local and 
domestic use in medicine. C. grandiflo'rus = 
Cactus grandiflorus. 

cer-e-vis'i a. Liquor brewed from com; ale; beer. 
Cerevis'iae fermen'tum. Yeast of beer; yeast or 
barm. ^ Brewers’ yeast. 
cer-e-vis'ine. Dried yeast: used internally in 
furunculosis, and externally in vaginitis, 
ce'ric acid. An acid obtained from wax or cerin. 
cer'i-dine. An active principle of yeast, 
ce'rii ox'alas*. Cerium oxalate, a white powder, 
which consists chiefly of a mixture of the oxalates 
of cerium, didymium, and lanthanum, and of 
other rare earths of this group. It is a nervine, 
tonic, and sedative, and used in chorea and in 
gastric disorders, as the vomiting of pregnancy. 
Dose, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.). 

ce'rin. i. A component of common wax which 
dissolves in sixteen times its weight of boiling 
alcohol and has properties almost exactly the 
same as those of wax. 2. A crystalline principle 
present in cork. [< L. ce'ra wax ] 


ce'rium. A rare white metal found in a Swedish 
mineral called cerite, also in allanite: sp. gr., 6.7; 
at. wt., 139.2; symbol, Ce. It is very brittle and 
almost infusible. It is never found isolated or in 
a metallic state. C. nitrate, Ce2(N03)6 + 12H2O, 
used like cerium oxalate, in the same dose. C. 
oxalate = CERii ox alas*. 

ce-ro'le in. A soft fatty substance obtained from 
beeswax by the action of alcohol, 
ce-ro'ma. i. =Ceratum*. 2. A tumor or mass of 
degenerated tissue having a waxy appearance. 
^Amyloid degeneration. 
ce'rom-el. A mixture of wax and honey, sometimes 
used as an application to wounds and ulcers. 
[< L. ce'ra wax + me”/ honey.] 
ce-ro-plas'tic catalepsy. = Plastic catalepsy. 
ce'ro-plas-ty. The making of anatomical models in 
wax. [ < uripdg wax+ TiAaaazLv to mould.] 
ce'ro-sin. A waxy, crystalline substance, ^ 24 ^ 48 ^' 
in the stems of sugar-cane, 
ce-ro'sis. Waxy degeneration, 
ce-ro-so-ce'ric oxide, Sonnenschein’s test. 
ce-ro-stro'ma, ce-ro-stro'sis. A homy deposit on 
the epidermis; ichthyosis. [ < Kcpaq horn + arpuaig 
spreading.] 

ce'ro-tene. A parafiin-like compound, C27H54, ob¬ 
tained from Chinese wax. 

ce-rot'ic acid. An acid, C27H54O2, obtained from 
beeswax and Chinese wax. 
ce'ro-tin. =Ceryl alcohol. 

ce'rous. Noting the triadic compounds of cerium. 

C. oxalate = CERii oxalas*. 
ce-ru'lein. =C.erulein. 
ce-ru-lig'none. =C.erulignone. 
ce-ru'men. Ear-wax; the wax-like secretion of the 
ear, given out by the sebaceous and perspiratory 
glands of the inner surface of the external au¬ 
ditory meatus. It is composed of fat with some 
soap and has a bitter-sweet taste. [< L. ce'ra 
wax.] tce-ru'mi-nous, -nal, as C. glands, glands 
in the subcutaneous portion of the external au¬ 
ditory meatus which secrete the cerumen, or ear- 
wax: and C. plug, a concretion of dried cerumen 
in the external auditory meatus, ce-ru-mi-nip'- 
a-rous. ce-ru-mi-no'sis, the presence or excessive 
secretion of cerumen in the auditory canal, 
ce'ruse, -russe. White lead; lead subcarbonate. 
[< L. cerus'sa.'\ 

cer-van'thro-py. A kind of zoanthropy in which the 
patient thinks that he has been turned into a 
deer. [< L. cer'vus deer.] 
cer'vi cor'nu. = Cornu cervi. [L.] 
cer'vi-cal. Pertaining to the neck or to the cervix 
uteri. C. arteries, i. The arteries supplying the 
neck. 2. A branch of the uterine artery supply¬ 
ing the cervix uteri. C. auricle, an overlapping 
flap of skin sometimes found in cases of per¬ 
sistent branchial clefts. C. bend = C. CURVE. C. 
canal, the canal of the cervix uteri. C. carcino¬ 
ma, carcinoma of the cervix uteri. C. cardiac 
nerves = cERviciCARDiAc nerves. C. catarrh, 
LEUCORRHCEA. C. Cravat, rsr CRAVAT. C. curve, 
a flexure of the embryonic brain at the 
junction of the myelencephalon and the spinal 
cord. C. eminence, the projection of the spinous 
process of the seventh cervical vertebra of 
the neck. C. endometritis, inflammation of 
the endometrium of the cervix uteri. C. en¬ 
largement = INTUMESCENTIA CERVICALIS. C. 
fissure, congenital fissure of the neck, due to 
failure of union of one of the visceral clefts. C. 
fistula = BRANCHIAL FISTULA. C. forameu, a fora- 


CERVICALIS ASCENDENS 


183 


CETINsELAINE 


men in the transverse processes of the cervical 
vertebrae, transmitting the vertebral artery and 
vertebral vein and the accompanying sym¬ 
pathetic nerve filaments. C. ganglion, i. Any 
one of the sympathetic ganglia of the neck, 
distinguished as superior, middle, and infe¬ 
rior. 2. A ganglion near the cervix uteri. 3. 
{Of the pneumogastric.) = Ganglion inferius. 
G. glands, the lymphatic glands of the neck. C. 
labor, the period of natural labor from its com¬ 
mencement to the complete dilatation of the 
cervix uteri. C. nerves, the first eight spinal 
nerves; nervi cervicales*. C. nucleus, a nucleus in 
the upper part of the spinal cord, opposite the 
third and fourth cervical nerves. C. paraplegia, 
^ PARAPLEGIA. C. plexus, a plexus formed by the 
anterior divisions of the upper four cervical nerves; 
plexus cervicalis*. C. pregnancy, ectopic preg¬ 
nancy in which the ovum develops in the cervical 
canal. C. rib, an abnormal ribdike excrescence 
from a cervical vertebra, usually the seventh. 

A. J. M. S. ’07.] C. speculum, a speculum in¬ 
troduced into the cervix uteri. C. triangle, any 
one of the triangular spaces on the surface of the 
neck limited by certain muscles and marking the 
situation of important vessels and nerves. C. 
tubercle, either of two small prominences on the 
femur, a superior on the upper and front part of 
the neck at its junction with the great trochanter, 
and an inferior at the junction of the neck with 
the lesser trochanter. Deep c. vein, a branch of 
the vertebral vein from the suboccipital region. 
Transverse c. vein, a branch of the transverse 
cervicoscapular vein from the deep muscles of the 
side of the neck. C. vertebrae, the vertebrae of the 
neck. C. zone, that portion of the inner surface 
of the pregnant uterus lying below an imaginary 
line drawn round the uterus at about a fourth of 
its height: it is the zone of dangerous placental 
attachment. [ < L. cervica'lis, fr. cer'vix neck.] 
cervica'lis ascen'dens. The cervical part of the 
outer column of the erector spinae muscle. It 
arises from the angles of four or five upper ribs, 
and is inserted into the transver.se processes of the 
fourth, fifth, and six cervical vertebrae. C. de- 
scen'dens = CERVICALIS ascendens. [L.] 
cer-vi-ca'ri a. = Campanula trachelium. 
cer*vi-ci-car'di ac nerves. Branches from the cer¬ 
vical part of the pneumogastric nerve to the car¬ 
diac plexus. 

cer'vi-ci-plex. The cervical plexus. 
cer*vi-ci-spi'nal. Relating to the cervical portion 
of the spinal column or to a ceiwical vertebra, 
cer-vi-ci'tis. Inflammation of the cervix of the 
uterus; trachelitis. 

cer'vi-co-. Relating to the neck or to the cervix 
uteri: a combining form. [< L. cer'vix neck ] 
cer'vi-cosa-cro-mi-a'lis, the anterior part of the 
trapezius muscle, extending from the neck to the 
acromion.— cer'vi-cosax'il-la-ry passage, a funnel* 
shaped prolongation of the deep cervical fascia, 
forming a communication between the neck and 
the axilla for the passage of the axillary vessels 
and nerves. — cer-vi-co-bas'i-lar, both cervical 
and basilar, as C. = occipitocervical 

LIGAMENT. — cer*vi-co-bra'chi al, pertaining or re¬ 
lating to the neck and the arm, as C. enlargement 

= INTUMESCENTIA CERVICALIS: and C. neuralgia, 

neuralgia of the neck and arm.— cer*vi-co-bran'- 
chial fistula = BRANCHIAL FISTULA. — cer*vi-co- 
breg-mat'ic diameter, the distance between the 
basion and the bregma.— cerwi-co-dyn'i a, pain 


in the neck.— cer-vi-co-fa'ci al, relating to the 
neck and the face, as C. division, the lower of 
the two branches of the facial nerve, into which 
it divides, behind the ramus of the lower jaw: 
and C. nerve, a branch of the facial nerve distrib¬ 
uted to the lower part of the face and the neck.— 
cer'vi-co-hu-me-ra'lis, the levator claviculae mus¬ 
cle.— cerwi-co-mas-toi'de us, the splenius capitis 
muscle.— cer*vi-co=oc-cip'i-tal, relating to the 
neck and the occiput: as, cervico^^occipital neural¬ 
gia.— cer'vi-co=or-i-fi'cial placenta, a placenta 
which occupies the cervical zone of the uterus, 
covering the internal os; central placenta praevia. 

— cerwi-co-scap'u-lar, relating to the neck and 
scapula, as C. artery, the transverse cervical artery: 
and Transverse c. vein, a branch of the subclavian 
or external jugular formed by the union of the 
transver.se scapular and cervical veins.— cer'vi-cos 
u'te-rine canal, the uterine canal.— cerwi-co-vag'i- 
nal, pertaining to the cervix uteri and the vagina. 

— cer*vi-co-ves'i-cal = vesicocervical. 
cer-vim'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 

canal of the uterine cervix, 
cer'vix. The neck, more particularly the back part: 
also applied to those parts of organs that are nar¬ 
rowed like a neck. C. colum'nae posterio'ris*, C. 
cor'nu, or C. cor'nu posterio'ris, the constricted 
portion of the posterior horn of gray matter in 
the spinal cord. C. den'tis, the neck of a tooth; 
the part of a tooth where the crown and the root 
join. C. fem'oris, the neck of the femur. C. 
glan'dis = CERVIX penis. C. obsti'pa, wrymeck. 
C. pe'nis, the neck of the penis; the constriction 
just behind the glans. C. rig'ida, stiffmeck. C. 
u'teri, the neck of the uterus; the lower and nar¬ 
rower end of the uterus. C. vesi'cae, the slightly 
constricted part of the bladder leading to the 
urethra. [L., “ neck.”] 

ce'ryl. The hypothetical radical C. alco¬ 

hol, C27H56O, is found in Chinese wax and in the 
ripe capsules of the poppy. C. cerotate, C27H53- 
O.OC27H55, the chief ingredient of Chinese wax, 
found al.so in opium=wax. C. palmitate, CjgHgj- 
O.OC27H55, the chief constituent of opium =wax. 
ce-sa're an operation. = Cesarean operation. 
ce'si um. = Cesium. 

cess'pool. A well for the reception of sewage. C. 
fever, typhoid fever. 

Cestoi'dea, ces-to'des. An order of intestinal worms, 
including the tapeworms. ^T.®nia. [</cecrrdf 
girdle -f eldoQ form.] fces'tode, ces'toid. i. One 
of this genus. 2. Resembling a girdle or ribbon, 
ces'tri-form. Slender, straight, and pointed, like a 
bristle. [< L. ces'trum a graving tool -f for'ma 
shape.] 

ce-ta'ceum*. Spermaceti, a peculiar concrete, 
fatty substance obtained from the head of Physe'- 
ter macroceph'alus. It is an ingredient o: many 
ointments and cerates, and used as a de...ulcent 
in irritations of mucous membranes, er Un- 
GUENTUM AQUAS ROS.E*. [ < L. wha‘'c J 

ce'tane. =Hexadecane. 

ce'tene. An oily compound, CjgH32, obtained by 
the distillation of cetyl alcohol; cetylene. 
ce'tic acid. A supposed peculiar acid. C,5H3q02, re¬ 
sulting from the saponification of cetin. 
ce'tin. I. = Cet.a.ceum*. 2. = Cetyl palmitate. 

[< L. ceti'na, fr. ce'tus whale.] 
ce’tinse-la'ine. A fat obtained from cetaceum by 
evaporating its alcoholic solution. On saponifica¬ 
tion it forms ce'tinse-la'ic acid, which resembles 
oleic acid. 


CETRARIA 


184 


CHAMELEON PHENOMENON 


Cetra'ria. i. A genus of lichens. 2. The 1890 
U. S. P. name of Cetra'ria islan'dica, or Iceland 
moss, otherwise called Li'chen islan'dicus and 
Li'chen cetra'ria. It is de¬ 
mulcent, tonic, and nutri¬ 
tious and used in chronic 
catarrh, pulmonary affec¬ 
tions, dyspepsia, dysentery, 
diarrhoea, and pulmonary 
phthisis. It contains the 
bitter principle ce-tra'rin 
or ce-tra'ric acid, CjgHjgOg. 

[< L. ce'ira shield.] 
ce'tyl. The radical CjgHgg. 

C. alcohol, an oily sub¬ 
stance, CjgHgg.OH, occur¬ 
ring in combination with 
palmitic acid as the chief 
constituent of cetaceum; ethal. C. palmitate, a 
white, unctuous substance, CjgHgjO.OCjgHgg, the 
chief constituent of cetaceum; cetin. 
ce'tyl-ene. =Cetene. 

ce-vad'ic acid. An acid, CgHgOg, produced by the 
saponification of the oil of Vera'trum sabadil'la 
or cevadil'la; sabadillic acid, 
cev-a-dil'la. =Sabadilla. fcev-a-dil'line, an al¬ 
kaloid, Cg^HggNOg, obtained from sabadilla. 
cev'a-dine. A crystalline alkaloid, C^gH^gNOg, ob¬ 
tained from sabadilla: sometimes, but incor¬ 
rectly, called VERATRINE. On saponification, it 
yields ce'vine, Cg^H^gNOg. 

Cey-lon' moss. A commercial name for various 
algous sea^plants having properties much the 
same as those of carrageen. Some of the species 
afford AGARsAGAR. C. sickness = BERIBERI, 
ceys'sa-tite. A French mineral earth of almost pure 
silicon: an absorbent dusting-powder. 

Cg., Cgm. Abbr. for centigramme. 
chae-ro-ma'ni a. A mania marked by cheerfulness 
and exaltation. [ < to be glad.] 

chae-to'sis. An abnormally stiff and bristly state 
of the hair. [< bristling hair.] 

chaffing. Inflammation of the skin from friction. 

tchafe, an excoriation of the skin; intertrigo. 
Chagres fever (tsha'gres). A form of malarial fever 
endemic along the Chagres River in Panama. 
Chaille'tia toxica'ria. A West African tree, the 
powdered fruit of which is used by the natives as 
a poison. [H A. j. ’06.] 

chain. A series, as of links or bacteria, fitted into 
one another, or otherwise connected: in bacteri¬ 
ology, termed short, when composed of 2 to 8 
elements; and long, when composed of more than 
8 elements. C. hook, a chain with a hook on 
each end. C. saw, a surgical saw the teeth of 
which are linked together like a chain. Side::c., 
tm- Ehrlich’s sideschain theory. 
chal'a-sis. i. Relaxation. 2. The porcine species 
of scrofula. [< ;i;aXar’ to relax.] fcha-las'tic. 
cha-las-to-der'mi a. Flabbiness of the skin, 
cha-la'za, pi. chala'zce. i. = Chalazion. 2. Either 
of two spiral cords of dense albumen passing 
through the “ white ” at each end of the egg of a 
bird, the apex of each adhering to the yolk. [ < 
xdTiai^a hailsstone.] 

cha-la'zi on, -zi vim. A small cystic tumor of the 
eyelid, formed by the distention of a meibomian 
gland; meibomian cyst; tarsal cyst, Horde¬ 
olum. C. ter'reum, a small sandy concrement in 
the ducts of the meibomian glands, 
cha-la'zo-ne-phri'tis. Granular nephritis; Bright’s 
disease. [< ;|;a/laCn haiRstone + nephritis.] 


chal-ci'tis. Severe inflammation of the eyes, follow¬ 
ing rubbing them with hands which have been 
used on brass, as among trolley^conductors, metaR 
workers, etc. It is marked by excessive lachry- 
mation, sensitiveness to light, and blurred vision, 
chal-co'sis. The presence of particles of copper in 
the tissues. [< copper.] 

chalficescells. = GobletsCells. 
chal-i-co'sis. A disorder of the respiratory organs 
due to the inhalation (as by stone-cutters) of fine 
dust or gravel. It may lead to diffuse pneumo¬ 
nitis or bronchitis, or to both, Pneumoko- 
Niosis. [< gravel.] 

cha-lin'o-plas-ty. The plastic operation of forming 
an angle of the mouth. [ < bridle -1- 

TT^idoaeiv to form.] 

chalk. Calcium carbonate in an amorphous form; 
creta. It is soft, white, earthy, destitute of 
lustre, insipid, inodorous, and insoluble. Pre¬ 
pared c. = GRETA PR^PARATA*. C.sstone, a con- 
cretion deposited in the hands and feet of those 
afflicted with gout, resembling chalk, though 
chemically different; gout-stone. Chalk-stones 
consist chiefly of uric acid and soda, sometimes, 
though rarely, of calcium urate, fchalk'y, as 
C. calculus, a calculus composed chiefly of calcium 
carbonate and calcium phosphate, 
chal-ki'tis. = Chalcitis. 

cha-lyb'e-ate. Containing iron; impregnated with 
iron. C. bread, bread containing ferrous lactate 
in the proportion of one grain to the ounce. It 
is given to chlorotic patients. C. pills = pilule 

FERRI CARBONATIS*. C. plaster = EMPLASTRUM 

FERRi. C. waters, mineral waters. [< 
XCiXyip iron or steel.] 

cham'ae-. Denoting lowness, especially in cranial 
measurement: a combining form. [< ;ya//al low.] 
cham-ae-ceph'a-ly, the quality or state in which 
the vertical index of the cranium is less than 
70.1. fcham-ae-ceph'a-lous. -lus.— cham-ae-con'- 
chous, having an orbital index of 80 or less.— 
cham-ae-cra'ni us, of such a shape that the ratio 
of the length to the height is from 59.6 to 74.5: 
applied to skulls.— cham-as-o-pis'thi us, of such 
a shape that a Tine from the hormion to the 
lambda makes an angle of from 17° to 24.5° 
with the radius fixus: said of skulls.— cham- 
ae-pro-so'pic, having the zygomatic facial index 
less than 90. 

Chamaelirfium. A genus of melanthaceous plants. 
The root of C. lu'teum (blazing star or devil’s 
bit), of the United States, is a diuretic, anthel¬ 
mintic, and tonic, which in large doses may act 
as a heart-depressant: it is used as a resolvent in 
uterine disorders. Dose of aqueous infusion (i 
oz. to I pint), a wineglassful. It contains cha- 
mae'li-rin, a bitter, poisonous glucoside. [< 
XO-fJ-o-i ground + Tieipiov lily.] 
cham'ber. An enclosed space. Cs. of the eye, the 
spaces in the eye containing the humors. They 
are two, the aqueous and the vitreous. The 
former is divided by the iris into the anterior and 
posterior chambers, Camera oculi. Cs. of 
the heart, the cavities of the auricles and 
ventricles. 

Cham'ber-land’s filter. A filter made from unglazed 
porcelain. [French bacteriologist, 1851-1908.] 
Chambertin (shan-b#r-tan). A fine variety of Bur¬ 
gundy wine. [F., a place-name.] 
cha-mefie on phenomenon. The green color assumed 
by a potato-culture at the point where it comes 
in contact with a platinum wire. 



Cetraria (Iceland 
Moss). 


CHAMOIS SKIN 


185 


CHARTA 


chamois skin (sham-wo or sham't). A soft, yellow 
tanned sheepskin: used in surgery. 

cham'o-mile. The popular name for the flower* 
heads of An'themis no'bilis. An infusion of the 
flowers forms an excellent bitter tonic, An- 
THEMis*. German c., o- matricaria*. 

cbam'pa-col. Champaca camphor, Cj^H^^O, a cam¬ 
phor from the wood of Miche'lia chant'paca, a 
magnoliaceous tree of India. 

champagne (sham-pen). A famous French wine, 
produced in the former province of Champagne. 
There are varieties of this wine called dry, red, 
white, still, and sparkling. 

chancre (shang'c^r). A sore or ulcer arising from 
the direct application of the syphilitic poison; 
the primary lesion of syphilis. It occurs most 
frequently on the genitals, anus, lips, and breasts. 

Nisbet’s c. Hard, hunterian, indurated, in¬ 
fecting, nonssuppurating, syphilitic, or true c., a 
chancre with a distinct hardness of the base and 
sides: it is the typical sore from which constitu¬ 
tional syphilis takes its origin. Mixed or Rollet’s 
c., a chancre having characteristics of both the 
hard and soft chancre. Soft, nonsinfecting, or 
simple c., a simple chancre with no hardness of 
base; soft sore: more properly termed chan¬ 
croid. [A French corruption of the Latin can'- 
cer.] fch^^n^cri-form, having the form of a chan¬ 
cre. chan'crous, as C. erosion, a more common 
form of chancre than the hunterian, marked by 
parchment*like induration of its base. 

chan'croid. i. Chancredike. 2 . A soft, local ve¬ 
nereal sore, characterized by local glandular in¬ 
volvement and often ulceration; soft chancre. 
It is contagious but does not give rise to consti¬ 
tutional symptoms. When marked with a ten¬ 
dency to slough, it is termed phagedenic c. [< 
Chancre -f- el6og form.] fchan-croi'dal, as C. 
bubo, t3*BUBo: and C. ulcer— cnh'HCKOi'D, def. 2 . 

chan'du. A term for opium prepared for smo¬ 
king. 

change of life. In popular language, the constitu¬ 
tional disturbance often attending the cessation 
of the menstrual discharge in females; climac¬ 
teric epoch; menopause. C. of sound, 0-Ger- 
hardt’s sign. C. of voice, the lowering of the 
voice at the age of puberty (one octave in boys, 
two notes in girls): due to congestion and altera¬ 
tion of the vocal cords. 

cban'nel. That through which anything flows; a 
groove; a canal. [< L. cana'lis water*pipe.] 
fchan'nelled, having longitudinal grooves. 

Chan'ning’s solution. = Liquor hydrargyri et 

POTASSII lODIDI. 

chap. Any superficial fissure of the skin, as of the 
hands, lips, or nipple. 

Chap'man’s bag. A rubber hot*water bag. C.’s 
dinner pills, dinner pills each one of which con¬ 
tains aloes, li grs.; mastic, grs.; ipecac, i gr.; 
oil of fennel, ^ min. 

chap'pa. A West African disease resembling both 
syphilis and yaws. 

charbon (shar-bdh). = Anthrax, def. 2. [ F., 

“ charcoal.”] 

char'coal. i. The coal from burnt wood {carbo 
ligni). 2. The residue of any animal or vege¬ 
table substance and of many mineral substances 
when heated to redness in close vessels. There 
are several varieties of charcoal, termed gas* 
carbon, lamp-black, wood-charcoal, coke, and 
ivory-black, bone charcoal, or animal charcoal. 
C. biscuits, biscuits made of charcoal and flour: 


used in dyspepsia. C. poultice, a poultice made 
with charcoal, i part in 8: used for foul ulcers. 
CharcotsLeyden crystals ( shar-c6-lai'den ). Color¬ 
less octahedral 
crystals, identi¬ 
cal chemically 
with Charcot* 

Neumann crys¬ 
tals, found in the 
sputum of asth¬ 
matic and bron¬ 
chitic patients. 

CharcotsMarie’s 
sign (shar-c6- 
ma-riz). = Ma¬ 
rie’s SIGN. 

CharcotsMaries 
Tooth’s atrophy. 

Progressive neu¬ 
ral (neuritis) muscular atrophy. 

CharcotsNeumann crystals (shar-co-noi'man). Mi¬ 
nute crystals of spermine phosphate. They are 
obtainable from semen and from various animals 
tissues, especially in certain diseased conditions-. 
The odor of semen is attributed to their decom¬ 
position. 

CharcotsRobin crystals (shar-c6-ro-bah). Crystals 
formed upon the blood of leuksemic patients. 

Charcot’s arthropathy (shar-cdz). = Charcot’s 
JOINT DISEASE. C.’s Crystals = Charcot*Neu- 
mann crystals. C.’s disease, i. Multiple cere¬ 
brospinal sclerosis, with attendant joint*inflam- 
mations. 2. = Charcot’s 'joint disease. C.’s 
joint disease, swelling and effusion of fluid in the 
joints, due*to atrophy of articulating surfaces of 
bones and ending often in permanent deformity : 
an accompaniment of tabes or locomotor ataxia. 
C.’s pains, pains in the ovarian tract: probably 
neuralgic. C.’s signs, raising of the eyebrow in 
facial paralysis; lowering of the eyebrow in facial 
contracture. [ < Jean Martin Charcot, French 
neurologist, 1825-1893.] 

char'do-nin. A peculiar bitter principle obtained 
from Car'duus benedic'tus. 

charge. In veterinary practice, an adhesive plaster. 

char'la-tan-ry, char'la-tan-ism. Quackery; false 

a'ssumption of the character, duty, or responsi¬ 
bility of a physician or a surgeon. [< F., fr. 
It. ciarla're to chatter.] fchar'la-tan, a quack. 

Charles’s law. The law that at a given temperature 
the volume of a gas is proportional to its abso¬ 
lute temperature. 

charpie (shar-pi). i. Scraped lint. 2. A substance 
obtained by unravelling linen, and used for dress¬ 
ing wounds, etc. [F.] 

Chart. Abbr. for charta. Chart, cerat., abbr. for 

CHARTA CERATA. 

char'ta, pi. -tee. A medicinal preparation spread 
on paper: abbr., chart. C. asthmat'ica = C. po- 
TASsii NiTRATis. C. atropina'ta, fine paper im¬ 
pregnated with a solution of atropine and cut 
into pieces: introduced under the eyelid to dilate 
the pupils. C. canthar'idis, “ cantharides paper,” 
a preparation made of wax, spermaceti, olive oil, 
resin, Canada turpentine, and cantharides, spread 
thinly, when hot, on paper, and used as a blister¬ 
ing plaster. C. cera'ta, waxed paper. C. epispas'- 
tica, blistering paper; charta cantharidis. C. ex- 
plorato'ria lu'tea = TURMERIC PAPER. C. nitra'ta 
= C. POTASSII NITRATIS. C. potas'sii nitra'tis, the 
1890 U. S. P. name for potassium nitrate paper, 
or asthma paper, made by dissolving potassium 



Charcot-Leyden Cryst.\ls. 






CHARTREUSE 


186 


CHEKEN 


nitrate in distilled water and immersing strips of 
white unsized paper in the solution. It is used 
in asthma by burning it in front of the patient, 
who inhales its fumes. C. sina'pis*, mustard 
paper, a preparation made from black mustard, 
petroleum benzin, rubber, and carbon disul¬ 
phide, and applied by a brush to one side of 
a piece of rather stiff wellssized paper ; mustard* 
leaves. It is used as a substitute for mustard* 
plaster and before application should be dipped 
in water for about 15 seconds. [L.] 
chartreuse (shar-trez). The Carthusian cordial, a 
liqueur prepared formerly in France and now 
elsewhere by the Carthusian monks, 
char'tu-la. A little paper; especially, a small piece 
of paper enfolding a dose of some medicinal 
powder. [L., dim. of char'ta paper.] 
chas'ma, -mus. An attack of yawning, as in hyste¬ 
ria (C. hyster'ica) ; oscitation. [ < yawning.] 

Chassaignac's axillary muscle (sh^-sen-yacz). A 
bundle of muscle*fibres, sometimes found, ex¬ 
tending from the latissimus dorsi to either the 
brachial fascia or to the lower border of the pec- 
toralis minor. C.’s drainage=tube, a rubber drain- 
age*tube of small calibre with a number of per¬ 
forations near one end. C.’s muscle=column, con¬ 
tractile bundles within the central sarcoplasm, in 
certain organisms, as mollusks and worms. C.’s 
tubercle = CAROTID tubercle. 
chaste tree. = Agnus castus. 

chat'ter-ing jaw. Clonic spasm of the masseter 
muscle. ^Trismus. 

chaudpisse (sh6-pis) .* i. A burning sensation occur¬ 
ring during urination. 2. Gonorrhoea. [F.] 
chaulmoogra,-mugra ftshol-mu'gra). * = Gynocar- 

DIA ODORATA. C. Oll, GyNOCARDIA ODORATA. 

C. ointment, an ointment made from the crushed 
seeds of Gynocardia odorata. 

Chaussier’s line (sh6-si-ez). The raphe of the 
corpus callosum. C.’s tube, a metallic tube of 
peculiar shape used in insufflation of the lungs. 
Chautard’s test (sh6-tarz). A test for acetone in 
urine, by decolorizing a drop of aqueous solution 
of magenta with sulphurous acid and adding it to 
the urine, when a violet color will be produced. 
Chauvel’s operation (sh6-v^lz). A plastic opera¬ 
tion for restoration of the upper lip. 

Chav'ica. A genus of piperaceous plants, compris¬ 
ing several species, which yield betel pepper and 
long pepper. From various species of Chav'ica 
and of Piper are obtained cha-vic'ic acid, an 
amorphous resinous compound; chav'i-cin, a 
very acrid principle; and chav'i-col, a colorless 
oil, CgH40H.C3H5. C. betel = Piper betel. 
chaw'stick. The bark and twigs of Goua'nia 
dominguen'sis, a tree of the West Indies and 
Florida; chewstick. It is an aromatic bitter 
tonic. Powdered, it is esteemed as a dentifrice. 
Ch. B. Abbr. for bachelor of chirurgery (surgery), 
check experiment. == Control experiment. 
check ligament. i. A ligament controlling the 
motion of a joint. 2. Either of two strong bands 
which extend from the sides of the odontoid proc¬ 
ess of the axis to the inner sides of the occipital 
condyles; the lateral occipito*odontoid ligaments. 
check'er=ber-ry. A name for the plant Gaulthe'ria 
procum'hens, or for Mitchel'la re'pens. 
cheek. The side of the face below the eyes; bucca. 
C.sbone, the malar bone. C. presentation, pres¬ 
entation of the cheek of the foetus in labor, 
cheese. A substance prepared from milk, com¬ 
posed chiefly of casein mixed with a small but 


variable proportion of oil (butter) ^Casein 
C. bacillus = Spirillum tyrogenum. C.scloth, 

t^GAUZE; CARBASUS. C. poison = TYROTOXICON. 

C. rennet = Galium verum. [< L. ca'seus 
cheese.] fchee'sy, as C. abscess — caseovs ab¬ 
scess : C. cataract, a hypermature cataract which 
. has undergone cheesy degeneration: C. degenera¬ 
tion or necrosis = caseation : C. nephritis = ne¬ 
phritis caseosa; C. pneumonia, pneumonia: 
and C . tubercle, a tubercle of caseated matter. 

chei'lo-, cheil-. Relating to the lips; labio- : com¬ 
bining forms. Palato-. [< lip.] chei- 

lal'gi a, neuralgia in the lips.— chei-lec-tro'pi on, 
eversion of the lips.— chei-le-o-car-ci-no'ma, can¬ 
cer of the lips. — chei-li'tis, inflammation of 
the lip, as C. glandula'ris, chronic hardening and 
swelling of the lip due to inflammation of its 
glands.— chei-lo=an'gi-o-scope, a form of micro¬ 
scope for examining the capillary circulation of 
the lips.— cheMo=an-gi-os'co-py, a method for ob¬ 
serving the circulation of the blood in the capil¬ 
laries of the lips.— chei-loc'a-ce, a non*inflamma- 
tory hardening of the lip, usually occurring in chil¬ 
dren. — chei-lo-di-aer'e-sis = harelip. — chei'lo- 
gna-tho-pal-a-tos'chi-sis, a malformation marked 
by cleft of the upper lip, the upper jaw, and the 
soft and hard palates.— chei-log'na-thus = hare¬ 
lip. —chei-lo-gram'ma = labial furrow. —chei'- 
lo-pal-a-tog'na-thus, cleft palate combined with 
fissure of the alveolar process of the jaw.— chei'- 
lo-plas-ty, the operation of supplying deficiencies 
of the lips by appropriating a sufficient portion 
of the neighboring healthy substance to that pur¬ 
pose. fchei-lo-plas'tic. — chei-lor-rha'gi a, bleed¬ 
ing from the lip.— chei-los'chi-sis = harelip, as 
C. complica'ta, harelip with cleaving of the alveo¬ 
lar processes or the palate.— chei'lo-sto-mat'o- 
plas-ty, plastic formation of the mouth after re¬ 
moval of a cancer of the lip. 

chei'ro-, cheir-. Relating to the hand: combin¬ 
ing forms. [< jrfp hand.] chei-ra'gra, gout 
in the hand. — chei-ral'gi a, pain in the hand. 

— chei-rap'si a, the act of rubbing or scratching, 
a common symptom in cutaneous affections.— 
chei-rar-thri'tis, inflammation of the joints of the 
hand. — chei-rar-throc'a-ce, disease of the joints 
of the hand.— chei'rism. i. Any disease that 
may be properly treated by manipulation. 
2. Manipulation or massage in the treatment of 
disease. 3. Spasm of the hand. — chei'ro-kin- 
aes-thet'ic, pertaining to the subjective percep¬ 
tion of the movements of the hand, especially in 
writing. — chei-ro-ma'ni a = masturbation. — 
chei-ro-meg'a-ly, enlargement of the hands due to 
syringomyelia and accompanied by felons and 
changes in the skin. — chei-rop'o-dist = chiropo¬ 
dist.— chei*ro-pom'pho-lyx, a disease attended by 
peculiar vesicles or blebs on the palms of the hands 
or the soles of the feet; dyshidrosis: especially 
common among women of nervous disposition.— 
chei'ro-prax-y, the use of manipulation in the 
treatment of disease, Massage; osteopathy. 

— chei-ror-rheu'ma, rheumatism of the hand. — 
chei'ro-spasm = writers’ cramp.— chei-ro-the'- 
ca, a roller bandage for the fingers. 

chek'en. The leaves of Myr'tus che'ken, a Chilean 
plant. Its preparations are useful in bronchitis, 
laryngitis, etc. It much resembles eucalyptus, 
to which it is related botanically. Dose of fl. 
ext., 4 to 12 Cc. (i to 3 fl. drs.). It yields 
chek'e-nin, C,2Hj,03, a yellowish crystalline sub¬ 
stance, and chek'e-non, C^^H^^Og. 


CHEL^ CANCRORUM 


187 


CHEMOTROPISM 


che'lae c&.ftcro'nini. i^Cancrorum lapilli; can- 

CRORUM CHELiE. 

che'late. Possessing claws. [ < claw.] 

che-lene'. = Ethyl chloride. 

chel'i-don. The hollow at the bend of the elbow. 

swallow: from its resemblance to a 
swallow’s forked tail.] 

Chelido'nium. i. A genus of papaveraceous plants. 
2. The 1890 U. S. P. name for C. ma'jus, or celan¬ 
dine. It is an acrid purgative, and has diuretic, 
diaphoretic, and expectorant properties. The 
juice is used to destroy corns and warts. Dose, 

1 to 4 Gm. (15 to 60 grs.). From it are obtained 
chel-e-ryth'rine, an alkaloid, CjjHj^NO^, closely 
resembling sanguinarine, except that it forms 
yellow instead of red salts; chel-i-don'ic acid, 
C^H^Og; chel-i-do'nine, an alkaloid, CjgHj^NgOg-1- 
2H2O, with a bitter taste and an alkaline reac¬ 
tion; and chel-i-do-xan'ttiin, a bitter, crystalline 
principle with a yellow color. [< jrAidwp swal¬ 
low, because its flowering coincides in time with 
the appearance of the swallow.] fche-lid'o- 
nism, poisoning with Chelido'nium: marked in¬ 
testinal inflammation and haematuria. 

che'loid. A skin disease marked by growths resem¬ 
bling crabs’ claws, is- Keloid. C. cicatrix, a 
thick, projecting cicatrix with hardened, irregular 
surface. [< XV^V claw -f eldof form.] 

Chelo'ne gla'bra. A scrophulariaceous plant of the 
United States; balmony ; .shelDflower; snake= 
head; turtle^flower. Its leaves are bitter and 
tonic, with a supposed action on the liver. Dose 
of decoction (2 ozs. to i pint), 30 to 60 Cc. (i to 

2 fl. ozs.). From it is obtained chel'o-nin, a dry 

extract or resinoid: used as an aperient, anthel¬ 
mintic, and tonic. [ < tortoise.] 

che-lot'o-my. = Kelotomy. 

•Chel'ten-ham salt. A mixture of equal parts of 
magnesium sulphate, sodium sulphate, and sodi¬ 
um chloride. 

:chem'i-cal, chem'ic. i. Of or belonging to chem¬ 
istry. 2. A substance used in chemistry. C. 
affinity, that force which joins together atoms to 
form molecules. The atoms may be of the same 
or of different elements. C. antidote, an antidote 
which acts by changing the chemical composition 
of the poison and thus rendering it inert. C. 
combination, the true union by chemical force of 
two or more substances to form a new compound 
differing from either of its constituents, is- 
Mechanical solution. C. decomposition = 
DECOMPOSITION, def. I. C. equation, an equation 
expressing a chemical reaction: the symbols on 
the left of the equation denote the substances 
before, those on the right the substances after, 
the reaction. C. food, a compound syrup con¬ 
taining iron and other phosphates. It is tonic 
and nutrient. C. formula, a graphical representa¬ 
tion by chemical symbols of the composition of 
the molecule of a substance {Molecular /.). If it 
represents simply the result of analysis without 
showing the actual structure of the molecule, it 
is called an Empirical f.; if it shows the actual 
structure of the molecule, it is termed a Constitu¬ 
tional, Rational, or Structural and if it shows 
the way in which the atoms are interconnected 
in the molecule, it is a Graphic f. A Decomposi¬ 
tion f. is a structural formula showing the parts 
into which the molecule splits up in chemical 
reactions. C. incompatibles, ts- incompatible. 
C. notation, ^ notation. C. pathology, the 
chemistry of diseases and diseased organs. C. 


physics, that branch of physics which Is made 
use of in chemistry. C. probe, a probe carrying 
charpie dipped in some drug. C. rays = actinic 
RAYS. C. reaction, i. The interaction of two or 
more substances resulting in chemical decomposi¬ 
tion. 2. The evidences of such decomposition 
given by changes in shape, color, etc. C. solu¬ 
tion, SOLUTION. C. spectrum, that invisible 
part of the spectrum beyond the violet rays 
which is composed of actinic rays, er Chromatic 
spectrum; thermal spectrum. C. stimulus, a 
stimulus which acts by producing a chemical 
change in the tissue. C. symbols, an abbreviated 
mode of expressing the composition of bodies. 
The elementary substances, instead of being 
written at full length, are indicated by the first 
letters of their names, a second letter being 
employed when more than one substance begins 
with the same letter: thus, C stands for Carbon, 
Al for Aluminum, As for Arsenic, etc. C. theory, 
an obsolete system of medical teaching and 
practice; paracelsianism, or spagiric medicine. 
Its followers professed to cure diseases mainly bv 
chemical and mineral agents. C. type, ts- type. 
chem'i-cal-ly pure. Free from mixture with any 
other chemicals; abbr., C. P.: said of a reagent 
which contains no foreign substance which might 
interfere with its reactions, as sulphuric acid free 
from arsenic for use in Marsh’s test. 
chemd-co-cau'te-ry. Cauterization by chemicals. 
chem*i-co-his-tol'o-gy. = Organic chemistry. 
chemd-co-med'i-cal. Relating to medicine and 
chemistry. 

chemfl-co-met'ri-ca. Measurement of the chemical 
constituents of a body. 

chem'i-nose. An affection due to chemical agents, 
chem-i-o-tax'is. =Chemotaxis. 
che'mise. ts - Rectal chemise. 
chem'ism. Chemical energy. 

chem'ist. One who is expert in chemistry. Phar¬ 
maceutical c., a druggist. 

chem'is-try. The science of the properties of the 
elements, of the compounds formed by their 
union, and of the laws which regulate the combi¬ 
nation of the elements with one another and to 
which their compounds are subject in their 
mutual actions. This science comprises two pri¬ 
mary divisions, organic and inorganic (mineral) 
chemistry, i^ Analytical c. ; inorganic c.; 
ORGANIC c.; physiological c. [< to pour 

out; or perhaps from the Arabic.] 
che-mol'y-sis. Chemical decomposition. [< Chem¬ 
istry -I- Xf'CTif solution.] tchem-o-lyt'ic. 
che'mo-re-sis'tance. Acquired specific resistance of 
cells to chemicals. 

che-mo'sis. Inflammation of the conjunctiva, with 
lymph, serum, or blood effused in the cellular 
substance connecting it with the eyeball, so that 
it is greatly elevated and the cornea seems to 
form the bottom of a cavity; chymosis. [< 
Xr/pc)(ytg, fr. XWV cockle-shell.] fche-moFic. 
chem-os-mo'sis. Chemical action combined with 
osmosis. 

chem-o-tax'is. A phenomenon exhibited by certain 
cells of moving toward (positive c.) or away from 
(negative c.) other cells or substances. [ < XVP^^*^ 
chemistry-f arrangement.] tchem-o-tac'tic. 
chem-o-ther'a-py. [II J. A.M. A. ij. ’08.] 
che-mot'ro-pism. Chemotaxis between bacteria and 
phagocytes, in which either the bacteria are de¬ 
stroyed by the phagocytes, or the reverse. [< 
XVP^id chemistry-t- TpoM] fr. rpeiveiv to turn.] 


CHENOPODIUM 


188 


CHIN 


Chenopo'dium. i. A genus of plants. 2. The 1890 
U. S. P. name for the fruit of C. amhrosioi'des var. 
anthelmin'ticum, or American wormseed. It is 
anthelmintic. Santonin. 

chen-o-tau-ro-chol'ic acid. One of the gall acids, 
C 29 H,,NSOe. 

che-ro-ma'ni a. = Ch^romania. 

Ch^'ron’s serum. Sodium chloride, 2 Gm.; carbolic 
acid, I Gm.; sodium phosphate, 4 Gm.; sodium 
sulphate, 8 Gm.; distilled water, 100 Cc.: for 
injection in infectious diseases. C.’s bichloruretted 
serum, bichlorate of mercury, 0.5 Gm.; sodium 
chlorate, 2 Gm.; carbolic acid, 2 Gm.; distilled 
water, 200 Cc.: used as an injection in secondary 
and tertiary syphilis. 

cher'ry. A rosaceous fruit-tree, of the genus Pru'- 
nus. The wild cherry is Pru'nus sero'tina. ts- 
Choke-cherry; Prunes virginiana*. C. gum, 
a gum from cherry- and plum-trees, occasionally 
used in medicine. C.slaurel, Pru'nus lauroce'- 
rasus, a tree the leaves of which yield on distilla¬ 
tion with water a peculiar volatile oil, along with 
hydrocyanic acid. The oil resembles the oil of 
bitter almond. The water distilled from the 
leaves is used as a pleasant-flavored vehicle and 
for the same purposes as hydrocyanic acid. C.s 
red spot, a pathognomonic spot seen in the region 
of the macula lutea in Sachs’s disease. 

cher'vil. The popular name of Chcsrophyl'lum sa- 
ti'vum, an umbelliferous plant of Europe. Its 
leaves are aromatic, and the plant is said to be 
diuretic, deobstruent, and alterative. 

Ches'el-den’s operation, i. An operation for arti¬ 
ficial pupil: the sclerotic and fibres of the iris are 
incised. 2. Lateral lithotomy. 

chest. One of the great splanchnic cavities con¬ 
taining the heart and the lungs, Thorax. 
C.sfounder, founder of a horse attended with 
wasting of the muscles of the chest. C. meas¬ 
urer = STETHOMETER. C.sVOice, t®* VOICE. 

chest'nut. i. =Castanea. 2. A horny growth 
on the middle part of the internal surface of the 
forearm of the horse: it is the rudimentary hoof 
of the internal digit or thumb. 

che-ves'tre. A double roller applied to the head in 
cases of fracture or luxation of the lower jaw. 

Capistrum. 

chew'stick. = Chawstick. 

Cheyne’s method or operation. An operation for 
the radical cure of femoral hernia, in which a 
strip of the pectineus muscle is made to cover 
the hernial opening. C.’s nystagmus = Cheyne- 
Stokes nystagmus. 

Cheyne=Stokes asthma. Dyspnoea due to the pul¬ 
monary congestion of the late stages of chronic 
myocarditis. C.sS. nystagmus, nystagmus in 
which there is a gradual increase in the rate of 
oscillations up to a certain maximum, after which 
there is a gradual decrease to a minimum rate. 
C.sS. respiration, breathing, or phenomenon, a form 
of respiration in which the respiratory movements 
gradually decrease until they cease entirely, and 
after a few seconds are resumed. 

Chi-a'ie’s teeth. The black teeth of volcanic Italy. 

Chi'an turpentine. Turpentine obtained from Pista'- 
cia terebin'thus: used in the treatment of cancer. 
Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 

chi'asm. A crossing or decussation; especially, that 
of the fibres of the optic nerve {optic c.). [< L. 

chias'ma, fr. to make a cross like the letter 

X {chi).'] fchi-as'mal, as C. recess, a depression 
in front of the infundibulum bounded by the optic 


chiasm and the lamina cinerea. chi-as'mic, as C. 
artery, a branch of the anterior cerebral artery 
distributed to the first part of the optic nerve, 
chi-as'ter. A bandage for stopping hemorrhage 
from the temporal artery, named from its being 
shaped like a cross or the Greek letter X {chi ); 
kiaster. [< to cross.] 

chi-as-tom'e-ter. A device employed in measuring 
any deviation from parallelism in the optical axes, 
chibou (shi-bu). The resinous exudate of Bur'sera 
gummif'era. It is used in ointments and plas¬ 
ters and in diseases of the lungs. [F.] 
chick'ensbreast. A malformation of the chest occur¬ 
ring in LORDOSIS, in which there is prominence of 
the sternum; pigeon-breast: due to some ob¬ 
struction of infantile respiration, and possibly to 
rickets. 

chick'euschol'e-ra. A contagious disease of fowls, 
characterized by inflammation of the digestive 
organs, diarrhoea, and great weakness, 
chick'ensfat clot. A blood-clot of a yellow color, 
resembling a mass of chicken-fat. 
chick'enspox. The popular name for varicella. 
chick'spea paralysis. i^Lathyrism. 
chic'le. A gum produced by the tree Ach'ras sapo'- 
ta, of tropical America: used as chewing-gum. 
chi'co. The seeds of Gymnoc'ladus canaden'sis. 
chic'o-ry. = Cichorium. 

chief cells. = Adelomorphous cells. C. nucleus 
= principal auditory nucleus. 

Chiene’s operation (shinz). The excision of a trans¬ 
verse wedge from the femoral condyle for correc¬ 
tion of genu valgum, or knock-knee, 
chignon fungoid (shin-yon). A nodular growth often 
seen on human hairs. It was formerly, but in¬ 
correctly, regarded as a gregarine. 
chi'gre, chig'ger, chi'go. = Pulex penetrans. 
chil'blain. A painful inflammatory swelling on the 
fingers, toes, or heels, caused by exposure to se¬ 
vere cold; a kibe; erythema pernio; pagoplexia. 
child'bear-ing. = Parturition. 
child'bed. The condition of a woman during labor 
and parturition; the puerperal condition. C. fevei 

= PUERPERAL FEVER. 

child'birth. = Parturition. 
child'crow-ing. = Laryngismus stridulus. 

Chi'le saltpetre. Sodium nitrate occurring naturally 
in Chile and Peru. 
chi-U'tis. = Cheilitis. 

chill. A rigor; the cold stage of a disease (as of an 
intermittent fever). 

chills and fever. A name for intermittent fever, 
chi I0-. For words beginning thus, see words be¬ 
ginning CHEILO-. 

Chimaph'ila*. i. A genus of ericaceous plants. 

2. The U. S. P. name for the dried leaves of C. 
umbella'ta, or pipsissewa. It is diuretic, tonic, 
and astringent. Used in dropsy and urinary dis¬ 
eases, also in scrofula and cutaneous eruptions. 
Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). Fluidextractum 
CHIMAPHIL^*. It contains chi-maph'i-lin, CigHig- 
O, a crystalline substance. [<( xG/aa winter-t- 
(piXeiv to love.] 

chim-i-o-tax'is. =Chemotaxis. 
chim neyssweep'ers’ cancer. = Cancer scroti. 
chin. The parts about the symphysis of the lower 
jaw, the mentum. C.scough = pertussis. C.s 
jerk, the jaw-jerk; a tendon-reflex of the muscles 
which close the jaw, obtained by suddenly de¬ 
pressing the lower jaw or by striking the teeth 
when the mouth is open. C.spresentation, 
presentation of the chin of the foetus in labor. 


CHINA 


ISO 


CHLORAL 


C.sreflex, elevation of the lower jaw following a 
blow upon the chin or the teeth. 

Chi'na, Chi'na=bark. = Cinchona, def. 2. 
chi-nal'din. =Quinaldin. 
chin-a-phen'in. = Quinaphenin. 
chi-naph'thol. = Quinaphthol. 

Chi'nasroot. The rhizome or root of Smi'lax chi'na, 
a plant of Southeast Asia, resembling sarsaparilla, 
chin-a-sep'tol. = Quinaseptol. 
chin-cho'na, chin-chi'na. = Cinchona. 

Chi-nese' aconite. A kind of aconite obtained from 
an unknown species of Aconi'tum; Japanese acon¬ 
ite. It is very poisonous, and contains japaconi- 
tine. C. anise = Illicium ANisATUM. C. catarrh, 
influenza. C. cinnamon = cinnamomum cassia. 
C. ginger = galangal, def. i. C. itch, scabies in 
which from neglect the skin has become severely 
inflamed. C. rhubarb, rhubarb. C. ringworm, 
tinea imbricata. C. twist, a silk thread for sur¬ 
gical use. C. wax, a white, crystalline, waxy sub¬ 
stance, resembling spermaceti, deposited by an 
insect, Coc'cus cerif'era, on the Chinese ash=tree; 
insect wax. 

chin'ic acid. = Quinic acid. 
chi-ni'num. = Quinine. [L.] 

chink'ing percussion. A tinkling resonance heard 
during the advancing and receding stages of cer¬ 
tain cases of pneumonia and pleurisy, more com¬ 
mon in childhood than during adult life, 
chin'o-form. =Quinoform. 
chi-noi'dine. = Quinoidine. 
chi'nol. = Quinol. 
chin'o-line. =Quinoline. 
chin'one. = Quinone. > 
chin-o-py'rine. = Quinopyrine. 
chin'o-ral. =Quinoral. 
chin'o-sol. =Quinosol. 

chin-o-tox'in. Dichinolindimethylsulphate; it has 
properties like curare. 

chi-not'ro-pin. Quinate of urotropine: used in gout 
and uric acid diathesis. Dose, 2 to 4 Gm. (30 to 
60 grs.). 

chi-o-na-blep'si a. = Snow^blindness. [< 
snow + a(^Xeipla blindness.] 

Chionan'thus. A genus of oleaceous shrubs. C. 
virgin'ica, fringe^tree: an ornamental shrub. An 
infusion of the root is used as a tonic; the fluid 
extract of the bark as an aperient and a diuretic, 
in dose of 2 to 4 Cc. to i fl. dr.). From the 
root bark is obtained chi-o-nan'thin, an aperient, 
narcotic, and tonic resinoid. Dose, 0.065 
Gm. (i to 3 grs.). [< ;i:iwPsnow+ avOo^ flower.] 
chi-o'ni a. A trade preparation of Chionan'thus. 
chi-on-o-ty-phlo'sis. = vSnow^blindness. 
snow + blinding.] 

Chion'yphe. A genus of fungi. C. car'teri, a species 
of fungus said to be the cause of Madura foot; 
Strep'tothrix madu'rce; Actinomy'ces madu'rce. 
[< snow-f v(pf/ web.] 

chi-rag'ra. =Cheiragra. 

chi-rap'sia. Gentle friction in massage. [<. X^'P 
hand 4- dirreLv to touch.] 
chi-rar-thri'tis. = Cheirarthritis. 
chi-ra'ta*. “Chiretta,” the dried plant of Swer'tia 
chiray'ita, a gentianaceous herb of India. It is 
intensely bitter, and is tonic: used in dyspepsia, 
in the weakness of convalescence, and in remit¬ 
tents and intermittents. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
^ Fluidextractum CHIRAT.E*. From it are 
obtained chi-rat'in, a bitter principle, 

which by the action of acids yields chi-ra-to- 
gen'in, C,3H^.j03, a yellowish =brown amorphous 


substance; and chi-ret'tin, a saccharated precipi¬ 
tate prepared from the infusion, 
chi-ris'mus. =Cheirism. 
chi'ro-. Cheiro- 

chi'rol. A solution of resins and fatty oils in ether 
and alcohol: used as a protective varnish. 
chiTO-pel-vim'e-ter. An instrument used in manual 
measurement of the pelvis, 
chi'ro-po-dal'gi a. =Acrodynia. 
chi-rop'o-dist. Strictly speaking, one who treats 
diseases of hands and feet; as commonly used, 
one who professes to remove corns and bunions. 
OS' Manicure. [< x^'<^P hand -I- Trovg foot.] fchi- 
rop'o-dy. 

chi-ro-the'ca. =Cheirotheca. 
chi-rur'ge-ry. = Surgery. [< L. chirur'gia, fr. 
X^ip hand 4 - epyov work.] fchi-rur'ge on, a sur¬ 
geon. chi-rur'gi-cal. 

chi'tin. A horny substance, CjgHogNgOjQ, the chief 
constituent of the shells of crabs and lobsters 
and of the skin of beetles; entomolin. [ < 
tunic.] fchi'ti-nous, as C. degeneration = auy- 
LOiD degeneration: and C. tissue, the substance 
constituting the outward integument of insects 
and the shells of crustaceans, 
chit'tim bark. = Rhamnus purshiana*. 
Chlamydobacte'ria. A division of bacteria which 
includes the species surrounded by a thick sheath 
or capsule. [< cloak 4- bacterium.] 

chlamydozo'a. The trachoma bodies, 
chlo-as'ma. A skin disease exhibiting spots and 
patches of a yellowish^brown color; mask. The 
term chloasma is a vague one. and is applied to 
various kinds of pigmentary discoloration of the 
skin, Lentigo ; MELASMA ; N^vus. C. cachec- 
tico'rum, chloasma resulting from an unhealthy 
state of body. C. gravida'rum = C. uterinum. 
C. hepat'icum, chloasma supposed to be due to 
disease of the liver; maculae hepaticae. C. phthis- 
ico'rum, brown pigmentation of the skin of 
phthisical patients. C. uterFnum, chloasma 
during pregnancy. [ < to be green.] 

chlo-ra-cet'ic acid. A remarkable acid, in which 
the hydrogen of acetic acid is partly or entirely 
replaced by atoms of chlorine. It occurs 
in three forms, monochloracetic or ordinary 
chloracetic acid, CH2 Cl.COOH ; dichloracetic acid, 
CHClg.COOH; and trichloracetic acid, CCI3.COOH. 
They are all caustic liquids. Jchlo-rac'e-tate, 
a salt of chloracetic acid. 

chlo*ra-cet-i-za'tion. Local anaesthetization by the 
application of a mixture of equal parts of chloro¬ 
form and glacial acetic acid, 
chlo-rac'e-tone. A colorless liquid with a pungent 
odor; monochlorated acetone, 
chlo-rac'id. An acid in which chlorine is the acidi¬ 
fying element. 

chlo-rae'mi a. A depraved condition of the blood, 
with decrease in the number of red corpuscles 
and the amount of haemoglobin. [< x^^P^^ 
green 4- a'tpa blood.] 

chlo-rae'tho-form. An anaesthetic containing chloro¬ 
form and a small proportion of ethyl chloride, 
chlo'ral. i. A liquid compound, C2HCI3O, prepared 
by the mutual action of alcohol and chlorine. 
This is also called anhydrous chloral, and com¬ 
bined with water it forms ordinary chloral or 
chloral hydrate. 2. The 1890 U. S. P. name for 
chloralum hydratum*, hydrated chloral, or 
chloral hydrate. It is used in medicine as an ano¬ 
dyne and hypnotic. In excessive doses it is a 
fatal poison. In spasmodic affections it is one of 


CHLORALACETALDOXIME 


190 


CHLORIC 


the most powerful of remedies. It is used in ner¬ 
vous insomnia, mania, delirium tremens, hysteria, 
tetanus, epilepsy, spasmodic croup, spasm of the 
glottis, asthma, and hiccough; locally, it is ap¬ 
plied to foul sores and ulcers. Dose, i Gm. (15 
grs.). C.sammonium, trichloramidosethylic alco¬ 
hol, CClgCHfNHg)©!!, a substance said to act like 
chloral, besides stimulating the circulation. Dose, 
0.3 to 1.3 Gm. (5 to 20 grs.). C.=antipyrine = 
HYPNAL. C.scaffeine, a combination of chloral 
and caffeine, used as an anodyne and antispas- 
modic. C.scamphoratum (N. F.), camphorated 
chloral, a thick, oily liquid prepared by rubbing 
together equal parts of chloral and camphor. It 
is used as a counter«irritant and local anaesthetic 
in neuralgia and pruritus vulvae. C.scarbol, a 
liquid prepared from chloral hydrate and car¬ 
bolic acid, in proportion of one to one and four* 
tenths parts; carbolated chloral. It is a local an¬ 
aesthetic and counter ^irritant. C.scarmin, a stain¬ 
ing fluid made by heating together carmin, 0.05 
Gm.; hydrochloric acid, 30 mins.; absolute alco¬ 
hol, 20 Cc.; adding 25 Gm. chloral hydrate, and 
filtering when cool. C. cyanhydrate, a white crys¬ 
talline substance, CCl3.COH.HCN, recommended 
as a substitute for bitter almond water. C. hy¬ 
drate = CHLORAL, def. 2. C.smenthol, an oily, col¬ 
orless, pungent liquid prepared from equal parts, 
by Y/eight, of chloral and menthol; mentholated 
chloral: used as a local anesthetic and counter* 
irritant in neuralgia. C.surethane, chloral- 
urethane; URAL. [< Chlorine-I-alcohol.] 
chlo-ral-ac-e-tal-dox'ime, -ac-e-to-phe'no-nox'ime, 
-ac-e-tox'ime. Chloraloxime. 
chlo-ral-am'ide. = Chloralformamidum*. 
chloTal-an-ti-py'rine. =Hypnal. 
chlo-ral-bac'ide. A compound of chlorine and 
albumin: used in atonic digestive disturbances. 
Dose, I to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grs.) before meals. 
chlo*ral-ben-zal-dox'ime. Chloraloxime. 
chloTal-car-bam'ide. A feebly hypnotic liquid pre¬ 
pared by mixing hydrate of trichloraldehyde with 
carbamide. 

chloTal-cam-pho-rox'ime, chlo'ral-ce-no-pho-rox'- 
ime. Chloraloxime. 
chloTal-form-am'ide. = Chloralformamidum*. 
chloralformam'idum*. Chloralformamide, C3H4CI3- 
NOg, a crystalline solid made by the direct union 
of formamide with anhydrous chloral: used as an 
hypnotic and said to be safer though less prompt 
in action than chloral. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
chlo-ral'i-mide. A tasteless, odorless substance, 
CCI3CH.NH, u.sed as a substitute for chloral hy¬ 
drate. Dose, 0.2 to 0.45 Gm. (3 to 7 grs.). 
chlo'ral-in. An antiseptic mixture of monochlor¬ 
phenol and bichlorphenol: used externally in 2 
to 3% solution. 

chlo'ral-ism. i. The habitual use of chloral as an 
hypnotic. 2. A depraved state or habit of body 
(and sometimes of mind also) which may arise 
from the continual use of chloral as an hypnotic, 
chlo'ral-ize. To bring under the influence of chloral, 
chlo'ral-ni-tro’so-be-ta-naph'thol. tm- Chloralox¬ 
ime. 

chlo-ral'o-in. A yellow amorphous substance formed 
by the action of chlorine on barbaloin. 
chlo'ral-ose. A crystalline compound, C3HjjCl30e. 
It is an hypnotic more active and less dangerous 
than chloral. Dose, 0.2 to 0.8 Gm. (3 to 12 grs.). 
chlo-ral-ox'ime. Any one of a series of compounds 
of hydrated chloral with an oxime. They have 
strong physiological activity, due to their split¬ 


ting up in the system into chloral hydrate and; 
their respective oximes. They are chloralaceiald- 
oxitne, chloralacetophenonoxitne, chloralacetoxitne,. 
chloralbenzaldoxirne, chloralcamphoroxime, chloral- 
cenophoroxime, and chloralnitrosobetanaphthol. 
chlo-ra'lum. i. =Chloral. C. amida'tum = chlo¬ 
ralformamidum*. C. hydra'tum*, hydrated chlo¬ 
ral, chloral hydrate, chloral of the 1890 U. S. P., 
a crystalline solid, C2HCI3O-l-H^O, composed of 
trichloraldehyde, or chloral with the elements of 
one molecule of water. It has an aromatic, pene¬ 
trating, and slightly acrid odor, and a bitterish 
caustic taste. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 2. A trade* 
name for various proprietary disinfectants having 
aluminum chloride as a basis. 
chloTal-u're-thane. A substance, CCl3.CH(OH)- 
(NH.CO.OC2H5) = CgH^NOjClg, a compound of 
chloral and urethane, recommended as a safe and 
effective somnifacient; uralium. 
chlo-ram'ide. = Chloralamide. 
chlo'ra-myl. i. Amyl 4 n which chlorine replaces 
the hydrogen. 2. An anaesthetic mixture; chlo¬ 
roform with a small proportion of amyl nitrite, 
chlo-ra-nae'mi a. = Chlorosis. 
chlo-ran'il. Tetrachlorquinone, CyCl^Oj, a golden* 
yellow crystalline substance obtained by chlorin¬ 
ating quinone or by the action of potassium 
chlorate and hydrochloric acid on phenol, 
chlo-ran'o-dyne. A proprietary anodyne and nar¬ 
cotic, resembling chlorodyne. 

Chloran'thus. A genus of piperaceous plants, found 
in the hot parts of India and America. They 
are stimulant. The root of C. officina'lis is prized 
in Java as a remedy for typhus fever, 
chlo-ras'ma. = Chlorosis. 
chlo'rate. A salt of chloric acid, 
chlo'ra-ted. = Chlorinated. 

chlo-rau'ric acid. A deliquescent crystalline sub¬ 
stance, AuCl3.HCl.4H2O, formed by adding hy¬ 
drochloric acid to a solution of auric chloride 
and evaporating over quicklime. It forms salts 
called Chloraurate$. 

chlo'ra-zol. A very poisonous, oily fluid obtained 
by the action of fuming nitric acid on albumin, 
glutin, etc. 

chlor-bu'ta-nol. Acetone chloroform, a local and 
general anaesthetic, antiseptic, hypnotic. Dose, 
0.3 to 1.5 Gm. (5 to 20 grs.). 
chlor-cam'phor. A name of various compounds of 
chlorine and camphor, 
chlo-re'mi a. = Chlor.® mia. 
chlo-rep-a-ti'tis. Chlorotic hepatitis. [< 
green +i]nap liver.] 

chlo-reph-i-dro'sis. Green perspiration. [< x^^P^^ 
green -I- ecpidpuaig perspiration.] 
chlo-reth'ane, chlo-reth'yl. Ethyl chloride, 
chlo're-tone. A compound formed by the action 
of potassium hydrate on a mixture of equal parts 
of chloroform and acetone; chloroform acetone; 
anesin; aneson; tertiary trichlorbutylalcohol: 
a local anaesthetic, hypnotic, and antiseptic. Hyp¬ 
notic dose, 0.3 to 1.3 Gm. (5 to 20 grs.). 
chlor-hae'ma-tin. =HAiMiN. 
chlor-hy'drate. = Hydrochloride. 
chlor-hy'dric. = Hydrochloric. 
chlo-ri'a-sis. = Chlorosis. 

chlo'ric. Derived from chlorine; of the nature ot 
chlorine. C. acid, an acid, HCIO3, forming salts 
called chlorates. C. ether, i. A compound re¬ 
sulting from the action of chlorine on olefiant 
gas; oil of the Dutch chemists. 2. = Ethyl 
chloride. 3. =SPIRITyS CHLORQFQRMI*. 


CHLORIDE 


CHLORURET 


191 


chlo ridC) chlo rid. A combination of chlorine with 
, different substances. Among the numerous chlo¬ 
rides are common salt, calomel, and calcium 
chloride. C. of lime = calcii chloridum*. 
chlo'rine, chlo'rin. A nonsmetallic element; a yel- 
lowish=green gas with a suffocating odor: at. wt., 
35.18; sp. gr., 2.45; symbol. Cl. It is a powerful 
disinfectant, has the property of discharging 
colors from cotton, linen, etc., and is one of the 
essential constituents of the human body. An 
aqueous solution of chlorine is used as a stimu¬ 
lant and antiseptic. C. hunger, a desire for salt 
due to a deficiency of chlorine in the body. C. 
poultice, a poultice made of chlorinated soda, lin¬ 
seed meal, and boiling water: used as an applica¬ 
tion to sloughing and fetid ulcers. C. water = 
LIQUOR CHLORi coMPosiTus*. [< L. chlo'rum 
or chlori'num, fr. green.] fchlo'ri-na-ted, 

charged with free chlorine, as C. lime = calx 
CHLORiNATA*: and C. soda, a disinfectant mix¬ 
ture of sodium chloride and sodium hypochlorite, 
chlo'rite. Any salt of chlorous acid. The chlorites 
are strong bleaching agents, and disinfectants, 
chlor-meth'yl. = Methyl chloride. 
chlo*ro=a-nae'mi a. = Chlorosis. 
chlo-ro-bright'ism. Chlorosis combined with albu¬ 
minuria. 

chlo'ro-brom. An aqueous solution of potassium 
bromide and chloralamide: used as an hypnotic, 
chlo-ro-car'bon. Carbon tetrachloride, 
chlo’ro-car-bon'ic acid. An acid, COCl(OH), ob¬ 
tained from chlorine and carbon, 
chlo-ro-cru'o-rin. A green respiratory pigment, 
chlo'ro-dyne. A proprietary anodyne, said to con¬ 
tain chloroform, morphine, hydrocyanic acid, 
capsicum, and cannabis indica. Dose, 0.3 to 0.6 
Cc. (5 to 10 mins.). 

chlo'ro-form. A colorless, volatile liquid, CHCI3, of 
a characteristic pleasant ethereal odor, a burning, 
sweet taste, and a neutral reaction, obtained by 
the action of chlorinated lime on acetone; chlo- 
ROFORMUM*. It is largely used as an anaesthetic 
in operations, as an anodyne in midwifery, as an 
antispasmodic in hysteria, angina, hiccough, teta¬ 
nus, hydrophobia, etc., and locally as a counters 
irritant in neuralgia, toothache, and rheumatism. 
It is usually administered in the form of vapor, 
being inhaled into the lungs. It is sometimes 
taken into the stomach as an anodyne or a 
soporific, in which case a fluidrachm is equivalent 
to about 35 drops of laudanum. Dose, 0.3 Cc. 
(5 mins.). Anesthetic; chloretone. C. 
anodyne = mistura chloroformi et cannabis 
INDICE COMPOSITA. C. liniment = LINIMENTUM 
chloroformi*. C. water = aqua chloroformi*. 
[< L. chlorofor'mum, fr. chlo'rine -I- formyl.] 
fchlo'ro-for-mism, the excessive use of chloro¬ 
form, and the toxic symptoms resulting there¬ 
from. chlo-ro-for-mi-za'tion. i. The giving of 
chloroform as an an®sthetic. 2. The anaes¬ 
thetic effects produced by inhaling chloroform, 
chlorofor'mum*. A liquid consisting of 99 to 99.4% 
by weight of absolute chloroform and 0.6 to 1% 
of alcohol. Dose, 0.5 Cc. (5 mins.). C. purifica'- 
tum (U. S. P., 1880) =CHLOROFORMUM*. 
chlo-ro-gen'ic acid. =Caffeic acid. 
chlo-ro-gen'ine. c^Alstonia constricta. 
chlo'rosi'O-doTi-pol. A disinfectant and antiseptic 
preparation of creasote and chlorinated phenols, 
chlo'rol. An aqueous, antiseptic solution of corro¬ 
sive sublimate, sodium chloride, hydrochloric 
acid, and copper sulphate- 


chlo-ro-lym-pho'ma. =Chloroma. 
chlo'ro-lin. An antiseptic and disinfectant solution 
said to consist chiefly of chlorophenols: applied 
in a 2 to 3% solution. 

chlo-ro'ma. A sarcoma of a greenish color, occur¬ 
ring usually upon the periosteum of the skull; 
green cancer, Aran’s green cancer. [< 
X^o)p6g green.] fchlo-rom'a-tous, as C. sarcoma, 
a round=celled sarcoma of the periosteum of the 
skull, having a greenish color, 
chlo-ro-pep'tic acid. = Peptohydrochloric acid. 
chlo'ro-phane. A greensyellow coloring matter 
obtainable from the human retina. c^Chromo- 
PHANE. [< green -I- (f)aivELv to show.] 

chlo-ro-phe'nol. =Chlorphenol. 
chlo-ro-phthi'sis. Pulmonary phthisis with chloro¬ 
sis. [< X^''^P^g green -I- (pdiaig wasting.] 
chlo'ro-phyll. The green coloring matter of leaves; 
a peculiar granular green matter lying loose in 
the cells. [< x^^P^g green -1- ^v?.Aov leaf.] 
chlo-ro-phyl'lan. A green, crystalline substance 
produced by evaporating an alcoholic solution of 
chlorophyll. 

chlo-ro'pi a, -rop'si a. Disorder of the vision in 
which objects appear green. [ < x^^pog green -f 
OTpig vision.] 

chlo-ro-pic'rin. A colorless oil, CNOgClg, obtained 
by distilling calcium chloride with picric acid or 
by heating fuming nitric acid with chloroform; 
nitrochloroform. 

chlo-ro-plas'tine. A term for the protoplasm of 
chlorophyll granules. 

chloTo-pla-tin'ic acid. = Platinum chloride. 
chlo-ro-quin'one. A compound obtained by the 
action of chlorine on quinone. 
chlo-ro-sal'ol. =Chlorsalol. 
chloTo-sar-co'ma. =Chloroma. 
chlo-ro'sin. A compound of albumin and chlorine: 
used in gastric diseases. 

chlo-ro'sis. Green^sickness, a form of anaemia affect¬ 
ing young women about the age of puberty, due 
to disease of the haemoglobin in the red blood* 
corpuscles; chloriasis, which is etymologically 
more correct. It is characterized by a pale color 
of the skin, weakness and languor, amenorrhoea 
or dysmenorrhoea, depraved appetite and diges¬ 
tion, and nervous disturbances. C. aethio'pium 
= ANKYLOSTOMIASIS. C. gigan'tea, a form of 
congenital chlorosis marked by excessive fatty 
formations. C. praematu'ra, chlorosis occurring 
before the period of puberty. C. ru'bra or ru'bia, 
a mild form of chlorosis in which there is color 
in the cheeks. C. trop'ica = chthonophagia. [< 
X^copog green.] fchlo-rot'ic, as C. paralysis, pa¬ 
ralysis resulting from chlorosis, 
chlo'rous acid. A compound of chlorine, HClOg: 
feebly acid in its nature. Its salts are called 
chlorites. C. pole, the negative pole of a battery, 
chlo-ro'zone. A yellowish liquid obtained by the 
action of nascent chlorine upon an aqueous solu¬ 
tion of caustic soda. It is strongly disinfectant. 
[< Chlorine -l-ozoNE.] 

chlor-phe'nol. Monochlorphenol, CgH^ClOH, a sub¬ 
stance prepared by the chlorination of phenol. 
It is antituberculotic and antiseptic and used by 
inhaling in phthisis, bronchitis, and laryngitis, 
and locally as an antiseptic application to foul or 
tubercular ulcers. 

chlor-sal'ol. Chlorphenol salicylate: used like salol 
Dose, 4 to 6 Gm. (60 to 90 grs.) per day. 
chlo'rum. = Chlorine. [L ] 
chlo'ru-ret. =Chl.oride. 


CHLORYL 


192 


CHOLEDOCHO- 


chlo'ryl. An anaesthetic mixture of ethyl and 
methyl chlorides; coryl. 

cho'a-na. Any funnel ^shaped cavity of the body 
an infundibulum. In the plural, cho'anae* the 
posterior nares. C. cer'ebri, the infundibulum of 
the brain. [L., fr. funnel.] 

cho'a-noid muscle. A muscle of many animals 
which acts as a retractor of the eyeball. Traces 
of it are sometimes seen in man as muscle=fibres 
in Tenon’s capsule. [< funnel.] 

cho'a-nor-rha'gi a. Copious hemorrhage from the 
choanae narium. [< jonv?; i\xnne\+p'nyvx>vaL to 
burst forth.] 

choc en retour (shoe oh ro-tur). i. The impulse 
made on the finger by the descending foetus in 
ballottement. 2. The infection of a pregnant 
woman by syphilis derived from the foetus. 
CoLLEs’s LAW. [F., “ return shock.”] 
choc'o-late. A dried paste prepared from the seeds 
or kernels of Theobro'ma caca'o, mixed with .sugar 
and flavored with vanilla or spices. It is much 
used in confectionery. When used as a beverage, 
it is dissolved in hot water or hot milk. 
chcB-ra-dol'o-gy. The science of scrofula. [ < X^^-P^C 
scrofula + ^ioyug learning.] 
choke'seher-ry. The popular name of the shrub 
called Cer'asus (or Pru'nus) virginia'na. Its 
fruit is exceedingly astringent, 
choke'sdamp. A name applied by miners to all 
irrespirable gases, especially to carbonic acid gas. 
choked disk. An engorged or hyperaemic condition 
of the optic disk; neuritis optica; sw'ollen disk; 
papilloedema: detected by the ophthalmoscope, 
and occurring in intracranial or in nephritic dis¬ 
ease. 

chok'ing. Mechanical obstruction of the trachea, 
larynx, or glottis. The term is popularly applied 
also to pharyngeal obstruction or to the suffoca¬ 
tion produced by any obstruction of the throat, 
cho-lae'mia. The presence of bile or of bile*pig- 
ment in the blood. ^Acholia; icterus. [< 
XO^^ bile -f- alpa blood.] 

chol'a-gogue. A medicine which has the property 
of increasing the evacuation of bile. 
bile-|-dye^v to lead.] tchol-a-gog'ic. i. Increas¬ 
ing the flow of bile. 2. A cholagogue. 
cho-lal'ic acid. One of the products of hydrolytic 
cleavage of the bile acids, €2411^005; cholic acid, 
cho-lan-ge-i'tis. Inflammation of the bile^ducts ; 
angiocholitis; when marked by closure of the 
hi\e==dncts termed obliterative c. Cholecysti¬ 
tis. bile + ayyelov vessel.] 

chodan-gi-os'to-my. The making of a fistulous 
opening into the gall-bladder, 
chodan-gi-ot'o-my. The opening of a bile duct 
within the liver for the removal of a gall-stone, 
cho-lan'ic acid. Impure choloidinic acid formed by 
the decomposition of glycocholates. 
cho'le. =Bile. bile.] 

chol-e-chlo'rin. =Biliverdin. 
chol-e-cy'a-nin. =BiLicyANiN. 
chol'e-cyst. =Cholecystis. 
choke-cys-tal'gi a. = Hepatic colic. 
choke-cys-tec-ta'si a. Distention of the gall-bladder, 
choke-cys-tec'to-my. The operation of cutting out 
the gall-bladder; removal, more or less complete, 
of the gall-bladder; especially employed in se¬ 
vere cases of cholelithiasis, 
chol’e-cys-ten'dy-sis. An operation where, after re¬ 
moval of a gall-stone, the opening in the gall¬ 
bladder is closed by suturing edges of wound to 
the abdominal wall. 


chol*e-cys-ten-ter-or'rha-phy. The union of the 
gall-bladder and small intestine in biliary fistulae. . 
choke-cys-ten-te-ros'to-my. The operation for mak¬ 



ing an artificial connection between the gall¬ 
bladder and the small intestine. 

chol-e-cys'tis. The gall-bladder. [<joA^ bile 4 
Kvarig bladder.] fchol-e-cys'tic. choke-cys-ti'tis, 
inflammation of the gall-bladder. 

chol-e-cys'to-. Relating to the gall-bladder: a com¬ 
bining form. [ < bile -f Kvariq bladder.] 

chol-e-cys’to-co-los'to-my, the making of an open¬ 
ing between the gall-bladder and the colon.— 
chol-e-cys*to-co-lot'o-my, incision into the gall¬ 
bladder and colon.— chol-e-cys‘to-du-o-de-nos'- 
to-my, the formation of an artificial opening 
between the gall-bladder and duodenum.— chol-e- 
cys‘to-gas-tros'to-my, the formation of an arti¬ 
ficial opening between the gall-bladder and the 
stomach.— chol-e-cys*tosil-e-os'to-my, the forma¬ 
tion of an artificial opening between the gall¬ 
bladder and the ileum.— chol-e-cys’to-je-ju-nos'- 
to-my, the formation of an artificial opening be¬ 
tween the gall-bladder and the jejunum.— chol- 
e-cys'to-lith'o-trip-sy, the crushing of stones in 
the gall-bladder.— chol-e-cys'to-my = cholecvs- 
TOTOMY. — choke-cys-ton'eus, tumor of the gall¬ 
bladder.— choke-cys'to-pex-y, surgical fixation of 
the gall-bladder.— choke-cys-tor'rha-phy, the op¬ 
eration of suturing the gall-bladder.— choke- 
cys-tos'to-my. i. The surgical formation of an 
opening into the gall-bladder. 2. =Cholecys- 
TENTEROSTOMY. — chol’e-cys-tot'o-my, incision in¬ 
to the gall-bladder, as for the purpose of remov¬ 
ing gall-stones. 

chol-e-do'cho-, chol'e-doch-. Relating to the com¬ 
mon bile-duct: combining forms. [< xo'^'^ bile 
-f ^exradai to receive.] choke-doch-en'dy-sis = 
CHOLEDOCHOTOMY. — choFe-do-chi-arc'ti a, nar¬ 
rowing or obliteration of the common bile-duct.— 
choke-do-chi'tis, inflammation of the common 
bile-duct.— chol-e-do'cho-du-o-de-nos'to-my, the 
formation of an artificial passage between the 
common bile-duct and the duodenum, as for the 
removal of large gall-stones.— chol-e-do'chosen- 
te-ros'to-my, the formation of an artificial pas¬ 
sage between the common bile-duct and the intes¬ 
tine.— chol-e-do’cho-li-thi'a-sis, the formation of 
calculi in the common bile-duct.— chol-e-do‘cho- 
li-thot'o-my, incision of the common bile-duct 





CHOLEDOCHUS 


193 


CHOLICELE 


foi the removal of gall*stones.— chol-e-do*cho- 
lith'o-trip-sy, the crushing of a gall-stone in the 
common bile-duct. — chohe-do-chos'to-my, the 
operation of forming a fistula in the gall-duct 
through the abdominal wall.— chobe-do-chot'- 
o-my, the making of an incision into the common 
bile-duct.— cho-led'o-chous, receiving gall or bile, 
cho-led'o-chus. The common bile-duct. [ < 
bile + to receive.] 

chol-e-dol'o-gy. The science-of the bile, 
chol-e-hae'mi a. The presence of bile in the blood, 
chol'e-ic acid. An acid found in saponified ox-gall, 
chol'e-in. i. A peculiar principle of bile. 2. = 
Choline. 

chol'e-lith. A gall-stone. 

chobe-li-thi' a-sis. A formation or the presence of 
calculi in the gall-bladder; the diathesis favoring 
the formation of gall-stones. 
chol*e-li-thot'o-my. Removal of a gall-stone 
through an incision into the biliary passages, 
chol-e-lith'o-tri-ty. The operation of crushing a 
biliary calculus. 

chol-e-me'si a. The vomiting of bile. [ < x^^V bile 
+ £/iec7^f vomiting.] 
cho-le'mia. =Chol.«mi.\. 

chol*e-poi-e'sis. The generation or secretion of 
bile. [ < x^'^V bile + Tcoielv to make.] 
chol-e-pra'sin. = Biliprasin. 
chol-e-py'ra, -py'ria. = Bilious fever. 
chol-e-pyr'rhin. = Bilirubin. [< X^^V bile + 
TTvppdq yellowish-red.] 

chol'e-ra. i. Any one of various diseases marked 
by copious intestinal discharges of a watery 
nature, vomiting, painful griping, and spasm of 
the muscles of the abdo¬ 
men and calves of the legs, ' i-'-' v 

etc. 2. Asiatic cholera. ^ 

C. aBsti'va = C. morbus. <■' 


Algid c., ALGID. Asi¬ 


V 


i- if 
J 


')^ V-- 




0, ^ 


V 




' V 

' * 
* y 


) 


Spirillum choler.® 

ASIATIC.®. 


atic c. or C. asiat'ica, an 
acute, infectious disease, 
endemic in India and 
generally epidemic in Eu¬ 
rope and caused by the 
comma bacillus of Koch 
{Spiril'lum chol'ercB asi- 
at'iccB: discovered 1883); 
cholera epidemica; cholera 
indica. It is characterized 
by profuse purging (rice- 
water evacuations) and 
vomiting of a colorless 
serous material, muscular 
cramps, suppression of 

urine, algidity and collapse, and a high mortality 
(average over 50%). The entrance of the disease 
is usually through the drinking-water. Anti¬ 
cholera vaccine of kolle; anticholerin ; 
Haffkine’s prophylactic fluid; Kitasato’s 
serum; plague; Yersin’s serum. C. asphyc'- 
tica, Asiatic cholera marked by rapid collapse and 
death. C. bilio'sa, bilious cholera; copious and 
frequent vomiting, at first of the alimentary and 
fecal matters, with redundancy of bile, and spasms 
of the legs and thighs. It is a variety of C. morbus. 
Chickensc., la- chicken. English c. = C. mor¬ 
bus. C. europaB'a = C. morbus. Epidemic c., 
Asiatic cholera. Hogsc., i^hog. C. hand, a 
peculiar livid appearance of the hand seen in the 
last stages of Asiatic cholera. C. in'dica, Asiatic 
CHOLERA. C. infan'tum, cholera of infants; a 
form of cholera morbus common among children 

13 


during the summer months, and hence called the 
"summer-complaint”: also known as summer 
diarrhoea; acute gastro-enteric intoxication; gas- 
tro-intestinal catarrh; gastro-enteritis; mycotic 
diarrhoea; fermental diarrhoea; and acute intes¬ 
tinal indigestion. J. H. H. Bui. Mar. ’07.] It 

is due to improper feeding and lack of care and to 
teething. Malignant c., Asiatic cholera. C. 
mixture = mistura contra diarrhceam. C. 
mor'bus or nos'tras, acute gastro-enteritis, at¬ 
tended with vomiting, watery diarrhoea, and 
cramps, and occurring generally in summer and 
autumn; C. aestiva; C. europaea; English c.; 
simple c.; summer c. It is caused by improper 
food, especially unripe fruit, and ice-water, and is 
not contagious. C. nephritis, nephritis. C.s 
red reaction, the production of a red color by 
adding sulphuric acid to a peptone culture of the 
cholera bacillus: due to indol and nitrites. C. 
serum, Kitasato’s serum; Yersin’s serum. 
C. sic'ca, a variety of cholera in which there is no 
diarrhoea but rapid cyanosis and other symptoms 
with death following in a few hours. Spasmodic 
c., Asiatic cholera. C. typhoid, a typhoid state 
often following the algid stage of cholera, due to 
the interference with tissue metamorphosis con¬ 
sequent on enfeebled condition of the circulation. 
[< jo/lfpa, fr. x^^V bile.] fchol-e-ra'ic, as C. 
diarrhcea, any severe acute diarrhoea without recog¬ 
nizable cause: C. face, the pinched livid counte¬ 
nance seen in Asiatic cholera: and C. voice, the 
feeble, hoarse voice of a patient in the last stages 
of Asiatic cholera, chol-e-ra-pho'ni a, cho-ler'a- 
phone = CHOLERAIC VOICE, chol'er-ase. An en¬ 
zyme developed by the cholera bacillus, chol'e- 
ri-form, chol'e-roid, as C. diarrhcea = cholera 
INFANTUM, chol-e-ri-za'tion, inoculation with 
cholera as a protective measure, chol-e-ro-pho'- 
bi a, chol-e-ra-pho'bi a, morbid fear of cholera, 
chol-e-ro-ty'phus, the severest form of Asiatic 
cholera, chol-er-rha'gi a, bilious diarrhoea or 
cholera morbus. 

cho-ler'y-thrin. = Bilirubin, chol'e-rine = chol¬ 
era MORBUS. 

chol-es-te'a-rin. =Cholesterin. 
chol-es-te-a-to'ma. A non-malignant, fatty tumor, 
laminated and pearly, principally composed of 
degenerated tissue-cells, and often containing 
crystals of cholesterin. [< bile-f steatoma.] 
cho-les'te-rin, -les'te-rol. A fatty substance, Cjg- 
H^^O, produced by fatty degeneration. It is the 
principal constituent of human biliary calculi but 
is also found in the bile and nervous tissue. By 
the action of nitric acid,-it is converted into chol- 
es-ter'ic acid, Ci^HjgO^. [< bile -I- (Trepc( 5 f 

firm or solid.] fcho-les-te-rae'mi a, morbid excess 
of cholesterin in the blood, resulting from non¬ 
excretion. cho-les-te-ri-nu'ri a, the presence of 
cholesterin in the urine. 

cho-les'te-ron. The anhydride, C.26H42, of cholesterin. 
cho-let'e-lin. A yellow-red pigment, CjgHjgNgOg, 
the last product in the continued oxidation of 
bilirubin. In Gmelin’s test for bile-pigment it is 
the inner ring. [ < bile -I- reAof end.] 
cho-le-ther'a-py. The therapeutic use of bile, 
chol-e-u'ri a. =Choluria. 

chol-e-ver'din. — Bilicyanin. [< X^^V bile -I- L. 
vir'idis green.] 

chol-hae'mi a. = Chol.«mia. 
chol'ic acid. =Cholalic acid. 
chol'i-cele. A swelling or distention of the gall¬ 
bladder with bile. [< X^^ bile + KTjlt} tumor.] 


CHOLINE 


194 


CHONDRUS 


chol'ine. A ptomaine, C.HjgNOg, found in brain* 
tissue, in the bile, in yolk of egg, and in many 
decomposing animal and vegetable tissues; 
bilineurine; sinkaline ; trimethyloxyethyl am¬ 
monium hydrate. It is poisonous, but much less 
so than neurine, into which it is convertible by 
decomposition. [< 

cho-lin'ic acid. A peculiar substance from bile, 
chol'o-. Relating to the bile: a combining form. 
[< bile.] chol-o-chlo'rin = biliverdin. — 
chol'o-chrome, any biliary pigment.— chol-o-cy'- 
a-nin, a pigment, blue in some of its solutions, 
formed by the oxidation of the natural pigments 
of the bile.— chol'o-gen, a remedy for biliary cal¬ 
culi, containing mercury, podophyllin, camphor, 
caraway, and melissa. — chol-o-ges'tin, a proprie¬ 
tary preparation, said to contain amorphous salt of 
glycocholic acid, sodium salicylate from the 
natural oil of wintergreen, pancreatin, and sodium 
bicarbonate: used as a biliary and intestinal 
antiseptic. Dose, i6 Cc. (4fl.drs.)— chol-o-haem'a- 
tin, pigmentary substance, a derivative of haema- 
tin, found in the bile of the sheep and the ox.— 
chol-oi-dan'ic acid, an acid, derived from cholic 
acid.— chol-oi-din'ic acid, an acid, 034113304, de¬ 
rived from cholalic acid by boiling with hydro¬ 
chloric acid.— chol'o-lith, a galDstone, or biliary 
calculus.— chol-o-phe'in = biliphein. — chol-o- 
pla'nia, jaundice; bile in the tissues or in the 
blood.— chol-or-rhce'a, a copious or abnormally 
large flow of bile.— cho-lo'sis, any biliary disease, 
as C. ammca'na = YELLOW fever. — chol-o-steg- 
no'sis, thickening of the bile, 
cho-lu'ri a. The existence of bile in the urine; 

discoloration of the urine from bile. 
Chondoden'dron. A genus of menispermaceous 
climbing shrubs. Some species yield pareira*. 
chon'dral. Pertaining to or formed by cartilage. 

[< cartilage.] 

chon-dral'gi a. Pain in the cartilages, 
chon-drec'to-my. The cutting out of a cartilage, 
chon-drex-ar-thro'sis. Dislocation of a cartilage, 
chon'dric. Cartilaginous. 

ch®n’dri-fi-ca'tion. The formation of cartilage, 
chon'dri-gen. ^Chondrogen; cartilagin. 
chon-drig'e-nous. Yielding chondrin. 
chon-dri-glu'cose. A glucose formed by boiling car¬ 
tilage with dilute hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, 
chon'drin. A proteid substance, resembling gela¬ 
tin, obtained from chondrogen of cartilage 
by boiling : considered to be a mixture of 
several substances, Chondrogen. [< 
cartilage.] 

chon-dri'tis. Inflammation of cartilage. C. hyper- 
plas'tica tubero'sa = arthritis deformans. . C. 
syphilit'ica, a gummatous inflammation of car¬ 
tilage, causing it to atrophy. It attacks espe¬ 
cially the nose and ears, causing them to 
shrink. 

chon'dro-. Relating to cartilage: a combining form. 

cartilage.] chon'dro-blast, an embry¬ 
onic cell of the tissue which becomes cartilage.— 
chon*dro-car-ci-no'ma, a carcinoma containing 
cartilaginous elements.— chon'dro-clast, a giant* 
cell concerned in the absorption of cartilage.— 
chon-dro-cor'a-coid muscle, an occasional muscle 
arising from the first costal cartilage and inserted 
into the coracoid process.— chon-dro-cos'tal, per¬ 
taining to the ribs and the costal cartilages.— 
chon-dro-cra'ni um, the cranial structure of the 
embryo during its cartilaginous_ stage.— chon'dro- 
«yte, a cartilage*cell.— chon-dro-dyn'i a, pain, es¬ 


pecially chronic pain, in a cartilage. — chon-dro- 
dys-tro'phi a, deficient or abnormal proliferation 
of cartilaginous tissue-in the growth of bone 
causing stunting of longitudinal development, as 
C. hyperplas'tica, proliferation of cartilage in all 
directions with thickening of the diaphyseal ends 
of the bone and very irregular ossification: C. 
hypoplas'itca = achondroplasia: and C. malac'- 
ica = MICROMELIA CH ONDROMALACICA. - chott'- 

drosep-i-troch-le-a'ris, an occasional muscle aris¬ 
ing from the cartilages of one or two ribs (gen¬ 
erally the seventh;, or from the aponeurosis of 
the external oblique muscle, and inserted into 
the fascia on the inner side of the arm or into 
the intermuscular septum. — chon‘dro-fi-bro'- 
ma, a chondromatous tumor with fibrous ele¬ 
ments. — chon'dro-gen, the base of the true 
cartilage and of the cornea. By boiling, it 
is resolved into chondrin. — chon-dro-gen'- 
e-sis, the formation of cartilage, fchon'dro- 
ge-net'ic, as C. layer, the inner, looser layer of 
the perichondrium.— chon-dro-glos'sus, a small 
fasciculus of muscular fibres, running from the 
cartilage of the os hyoides to the tongue; muscu- 
lus chondroglossus*. — chon-dro-glu'cose = chon- 
DRiGLUCOSE. — chon-drog'ra-phy, a description 
of the cartilages.— chon'droid, resembling cartil¬ 
age, as C. cancer, a form of scirrhus which, when 
cut, presents a shining, cartilaginous appearance: 
and C. iMwor = enchondroma. — chon-dro'i-tin* 
sul-phu'ric acid, an essential constituent of car¬ 
tilage, CjgH27NSOj7 : on hydrolysis it yields 
chon-dro'i-tin, Cj8H2-NOj4.— chon-drol'o-gy, the 
science of cartilages.— chon-dro'ma, a cartilag¬ 
inous growth or tumor; enchondroma.— chon*- 
dro-ma-la'ci a, softening or preternatural softness 
of cartilage, as C. au'ris = hjeu.atoi/iA auris.— 
chon-drom'a-tous, cartilaginous; composed of 
cartilage.— chon-dro-mu'coid, a mucin occurring 
in cartilage.— chon'dro-my-o'ma, a myoma con¬ 
taining cartilaginous elements.— chon*dro-myx-o'- 
ma, a myxoma containing cartilaginous elements. 
— chon*dro-phar-yn-ge'us, the part of the middle 
constrictor of the pharynx arising from the lesser 
horn of the hyoid bone. — chon'dro-phyte, a fun¬ 
gous neoplasm which has its origin in cartilage.— 
chon'dro-plast = chondroblast. — chomdro-po- 
ro'sis, the formation of spaces in cartilage during 
its ossification.— chon-dro-pro'te id, one of a series 
of proteids, including lardacein and chondromu- 
coid. — chon‘dro-sar-co'ma, a sarcoma containing 
cartilaginous elements. — chon'drose = chondri- 
GLucosE.— chon'dro-sin. A gummy, reducing 
substance, CjjHjgNOgCOOH, from chondroitin. 
— chon-dro'sis. i. The progress of chondroma. 2. 
The formation of cartilage. 3. A chondroma, or 
cartilaginous tumor.— chon-dro-ster'nal, pertain¬ 
ing to the costal cartilages and the sternum.— 
chon-dros-to'sis, intracartilaginous ossification.— 
chon'dro-tome, an instrument for dividing carti¬ 
lage. — chon-drot'o-my. — chon'dro-xiph'oid liga¬ 
ments, flat bands of fibres extending obliquely 
upward and outward from the anterior and poste¬ 
rior surfaces of the xiphoid cartilage to the cor¬ 
responding surfaces of the sternal end of the sev¬ 
enth costal cartilage. 

chon'dnis*. The dried plant of Chon'drus cris'pus, 
Irish moss, an Al'ga found generally on the sea* 
coast; carrageen. It is nutritive and demulcent 
and used in chronic affections of the chest, dys¬ 
entery, diarrhoea, and renal and cystic disorders. 
Dose, in decoction, 15 Gm. (4 drs.). 


CHOPARPS AMPUTATION 


195 


CHORIUM 



Chopart’s Amputation 
OF THE Foot. 


Chopart’s amputation (sho-pdrz). Amputation of 
the foot at the mediotarsal articulation, retaining 
the astragalus and the calcaneum. C.’s joint = 

MEDIOTARSAL ARTICULA¬ 
TION. 

chop'ping. A massage 
movement consisting in 
striking the surface of 
the patient’s body with 
the ulnar border of the 
hand. 

chor'da, pi. -d<B. A cord; 
any string; a sinew or 
nerve. C. dorsa'lis, the 
primary axis in the em¬ 
bryo which precedes the 
spinal column, Noto¬ 
chord. C. mag'na, the 
tendo achillis. C. ob- 
li'qua* = ROUND LIGAMENT, def. 2. C. saliva, 
the variety of submaxillary saliva produced by 
stimulating the chorda tympani nerve. C. sper- 
mat'ica, the spermatic cord. C. spina'lis = spi¬ 
nal CORD. Chor'dae tendin'eae*, the tendinous 
cords connecting the columnae carneae of the 
ventricles with the auricular valves of the heart. 
i^Musculi papillares. C. tym'pani*, a branch 
of the seventh pair of nerves, distributed to the 
submaxillary and indirectly to the sublingual 
glands and the tongue; the trunk probably con¬ 
veys fibres from the glossopharyngeal nerve. C. 
umbilica'lis = umbilical cord. C. vene'rea, cur¬ 
vature of the penis in erection, usually due to 
gonorrhoeal infection. C. ventric'uli, the gastric 
plexus of the par vagum. Chor'dae voca'les = vo¬ 
cal CORDS. Chor'dae willis'i = Willis’s chords. 
[L., fr. intestine, cord.] 

chor'dal. Pertaining to a chord, especially the noto¬ 
chord. C. saliva, chorda saliva. C. sheath, 
the investment of the notochord; the perichord. 
C. tissue, the substance of the notochord; a mod¬ 
ified form of entodermal tissue, 
chor-dap'sus. A violent spasmodic colic, in which 
the large intestine seems as if it were twisted 
into knots. [< X^P^V intestine-f dirreLV to bind.] 
chordee (cor-di'). A painful tension and downward 
curvature of the penis during erection, expe¬ 
rienced in gonorrhoea: due to inflammation of 
the corpus spongiosum from the urethritis. 
[<F. cord 4 corded.] 

chor-di'tis. An inflammation of the spermatic cord 
or of the vocal cords. C. tubero'sa or nodo'sa, 
chorditis,with the formation of nodules and white, 
opaque patches upon the vocal cords. ^Singers’ 
node. C. voca'lis infe'rior hypertroph'ica, over¬ 
growth and later contraction of the connective 
tissue beneath the vocal cords; chronic subglottic 
laryngitis: found in chronic laryngeal catarrh, 
chor-do'ma. A tumor of notochordal tissue, 
chor-do-skel'e-ton. That part of the skeleton which 
forms about the notochord, including the spinal 
column and part of the base of the skull, 
chords of Willis. = Willis’s chords. 
chor-du-re-thri'tis. = Chordee. 
cho-re'a. St. Vitus’s dance; a convulsive disease 
characterized by irregular and involuntary move¬ 
ments of the limbs or of groups of muscles; bal- 
lismus. It usually occurs in early life, and affects 
girls more frequently than boys. ^Paramyo¬ 
clonus ; SPASM; TIC. Some varieties of chorea are 
Automatic, Bergeron' s (= hysterical). Chronic 
or degenerative (= Huntington’s), Diaphrag¬ 


matic, Electrical, Epidemic (= dancing ma¬ 
nia), Habit, Hemilateral (=hemichorea), Hunt¬ 
ington’s or hereditary, Hysterical, Imitative, 
Laryngeal (= diaphragmatic). Maniacal (=C. 
ins.\.niens). Methodical (= rhythmic). Mimetic 
(= imitative). Onesided (= hemichorea). Par¬ 
alytic, Posthemiplegic or postparalytic, Pre- 
HEMiPLEGic or preparalytic. Rhythmic, Rota¬ 
tory, Schoolsmade, Senile (=chorea senilis), 
and Sydenham’s. C. dimidia'ta = hemichorea. 
C. insa'niens, chorea complicated with insanity, 
seen most frequently in adult women, and often 
occurring during pregnancy. C. of the iris = 
Hippus, def. I. C. ma'jor = hysterical chorea. 
C. mi'nor, ordinary chorea with moderate con¬ 
vulsive movements. C. oc'uli, choreic movements 
of the eyes in cerebral lesions. C. procursi'va 
= paralysis agitans. C. scripto'rum, writers’ 
cramp. C. seni'lis. i. Chorea occurring in old 
people. 2. = Paralysis agitans. [< 
dancing.] fcho-re'ic, cho're-al, as C. ataxia, the 
incoordination seen in the voluntary motions of 
choreic patients: C. convulsion, any of the spas¬ 
modic movements characteristic of chorea: C. 

= chorea insaniens: and C. nephritis, 
a rare combination of chorea and nephritis, cho- 
re'i-form. cho're-o=ath'e-toid. cho're-oid. cho're- 
o-ma'ni a = dancing mania. 
cho’ri-o-blas-to'sis. Skin disease marked by con- 
nectivestissue growth. [<ix^ptov s\dn+(i 7 .aor 6 q 
sprout, shoot.] 

cho*ri-o-cap-il-la'ris. = Entochoroidea. 
cho'ri-o-cele. Protrusion of the choroid coat of the 
eye through the sclera, thus resembling a hernia. 
choTi-o=ep-i-the-li-o'ma. = Deciduoma. C. malig'- 
num = DECIDUOMA malignum. 
cho'ri-oid. A more correct spelling of the word 
CHOROID, fcho-ri-oi-di'tis. 
chorioi'dea. = Choroid. [L.] 

cho-ri-o'ma. A neoplasm developed from the 
chorion, deciduoma; syncytioma. It may be 
benign (C. benig'num) or malignant (C. malig'- 
num). 

cho'rion. i. The second or most external of the 
fetal membranes. It is formed by the outer part 
of the allantois growing in between the amnion 
and the false amnion, with which latter it be¬ 
comes united, enveloping the ovum. C. frondo'- 
sum, “ leafy chorion,” that portion of the chorion 
opposite the decidua serotina in which the vas¬ 
cular tufts {chorionic villi) develop into the fetal 
part of the placenta. These tufts afterw’ard dis¬ 
appear except where they are connected with the 
decidua serotina. C. lae've, ‘‘smooth chorion,” 
the nonsplacental portion of the chorion in which 
the chorionic villi finally disappear. Primitive c. 
that stage of the zona pellucida in which it 
develops numerous small villi. Shaggy c. = C. 
FRONDOSUM. 2. The membrana putaminis, or 
membrane of the shell of the egg. 3. The dermis, 
or true skin, Corium. [ < x^pi-ov skin, leather.] 
fcho-ri-on'ic, as C. villi, numerous vascular tufts 
which cover the surface of the chorion during the 
first and second months of pregnancy, 
cho-ri-o'nin. A proprietary galactagogue prepara¬ 
tion from the placenta of sheep, 
cho-ri-o-ni'tis. Inflammation of the skin, w'ith 
thickening and contraction; scleroderma. 
cho'ri-o-ret'i-nal. Relating to the choroid and retina. 
fchoTi-o-ret-i-ni'tis, retinitis complicated with 
choroiditis. 

cho'ri um. = Corium. 




CHOROID 


196 


CHROMESTHESIA 


cho^V)id. I. Resembling the chorion. 2. The cho¬ 
roid membrane; the vascular tunic of the eye. 
C. apoplexy, effusion of blood between the choroid 
and the retina: usually due to a wound. C.arte¬ 
ries, two arteries, anterior and posterior, the former 
a branch of the internal carotid to the hippo¬ 
campus major and the corpus fimbriatum, the 
latter a branch of the posterior cerebral to the 
choroid plexus. C. coat = C. membrane. C. con¬ 
volution or gyrus, either of the two convexities 
{anterior and posterior) in the lateral recess of the 
fourth ventricle of the embryo. C. fissure, i. A 
slit or fissure in the optic vesicle, through which a 
portion of the mesoblast passes to the interior of 
the eye to form the vitreous humor. 2. The 
transverse fissure of the brain. C. membrane. 
I. The second vascular tunic of the eyeball, 
immediately beneath the sclerotic coat; meninx 
chorioides. 2. The velum interpositum. C. mus¬ 
cle = ciliary MUSCLE. C. plexus, a plexus of 
blood*vessels derived from the pia mater and 
occupying the lateral margin of the velum inter¬ 
positum within the lateral ventricles of the brain. 
Similar structures project from the roof of the 
third and fourth ventricles and constitute the 
choroid plexus of these cavities. C. ring, the 
outer ring, seen with the ophthalmoscope, bound¬ 
ing the choroid coat of the eye at the entrance of 
the optic nerve. C. sulcus = sulcus choroideus. 
C. tela = VELUM INTERPOSITUM. C. tubercle, a 
diagnostic sign for tubercular meningitis. C. 
tunic = C. MEMBRANE. C. Vein, a vein from the 
lateral ventricle and the choroid plexus, uniting 
with the veins of the corpus striatum to form the 
veins of Galen. C. web, the velum interpositum. 
[< xopi-ov chorion-f- ddoc form.] fcho-roi'dal. 
cho-roi-de-re'mi a. Congenital absence of the cho¬ 
roid. [< Choroid + ep?]uia destitution.] 
cho-roi-di'tis. Inflammation of the choroid coat of 
the eye. C. areola'ris, choroiditis in which the 
exudation lies along the margin of the macula 
lutea. C. centra'lis, “ central choroiditis,” cho¬ 
roiditis in which the exudation lies in the macula 
lutea. C. dissemina'ta, choroiditis in which the 
exudation is scattered over the fundus. Exuda¬ 
tive c., choroiditis with the formation of patches 
of exudation. C. gutta'ta seni'lis = Tay’s cho¬ 
roiditis. C. sero'sa = GLAUCOMA. Suppurative 
c., choroiditis attended with suppuration. 
cho-roi*do-cyc-li'tis. Choroiditis with cyclitis. 
cho-roi'dosi-ri'tis. Choroiditis with iritis, 
cho-roi’do-ret-i-ni'tis. Choroiditis with retinitis, 
cho-ro-ma'ni a. = Dancing mania. 

Christian Science. The faith of a religious sect one 
of whose principal dogmas is belief in the non* 
existence of disease and denial of the efficacy of 
physical remedies; eddyistic medicine; eddyism. 
Prayer and faith are important elements in their 
method of treatment. 

Chris'ti-son’s formula. = Trapp’s formula. 
chro'a-tol. A reaction*product of iodine and tur¬ 
pentine: used externally in skin diseases, 
chrom-aes-the'si a. The association of colorssensa- 
tions with sensations of hearing, taste, and smell, 
chrom'af-fin substance. A substance found in the 
adrenals, carotid tubercle, etc., which is stained 
brownishsred by chromates. Cells containing 
this substance are called C. cells, and collectively 
the C. system, ts* Addison’s disease. 
chro'ma-gen. =Melanogen. 
chro'ma-phore. = Chromatophore. 
chro'mate. A salt of chromic acid. 


chro-ma-te-lop'si a. Imperfect color*perception; 
colorsblindness, more or less complete. [< XP'^P^ 
color -f ardkijq imperfect sight.] 

chro-mat'ic. Relating to color or colors; having 
color, Achromatic. C. aberration, aber¬ 
ration. C. audition, a sensation of color pro¬ 
duced by sound. ^ Photism. C. gustation, a 
sensation of color produced by an association 
with a certain taste. ^ Photism. C. spectrum, 
the visible colored portion of the spectrum, as 
distinguished from the invisible parts, called the 
chemical and the thermal spectrum. C. threads, 
nuclear fibrils. [ < color.] 

chro'ma-tin. That portion of the contents of a 
celDnucleus which has a marked affinity foi 
coloring matters and is readily stained for micro¬ 
scopical study; chromoplasm. The chromatin 
forms a network of fibrils {nuclear fibrils) within 
the achromatin of a cell. [< XP^P^ color.] 
chro-ma'tion. The act or process of staining, 
chro'ma-tism. i. Chromatic aberration. 2. Ab¬ 
normal pigmentation. 

chro'ma-tize. To charge with some compound of 
chromium, fchro'ma-tized, as C. gelatin, a prep¬ 
aration obtained by mixing i part of potassium 
bichromate with 5 parts of a 5 to 10% solution 
of gelatin: used as a cement for glass, 
chro'ma-to-. Relating to or denoting color; 
CHROMO- : a combining form. [< XP^P^ color.] 
chro-mat'o-blast = chromatophore. — chro'ma- 
to-der-ma-to'sis, any skin disease marked by the 
formation of pigment. — chro’ma-to-dys-o'pi a, 
difficulty in distinguishing colors or mistaking 
one color for another; dyschromatopsia.— chro- 
ma-tog'e-nous, generating or forming color.— 
chro-ma-tol'o-gy, the science of colors.— chro- 
ma-tol'y-sis, the breaking down and dissolution 
of the chromatin of celDnuclei. fchro-ma-to- 
lyt'ic.—chro*ma-to-met-a-blep'si a=coLOR*BLiND- 
NEss. — chro-ma-tom'e-ter. i. A device for esti¬ 
mating the degree of color ^perception. 2. An 
instrument for ascertaining the relative intensity 
of colors. — chro-ma-top'a-thy, any skin disease 
marked by pigmentation.— chro-ma-toph'a-gous, 
destroying colors.— chro'ma-to-phil'i a, the con¬ 
dition of taking stains readily, fchro'ma-to-phile, 
chro'ma-to-phil'ic. — chro’ma-to-pho'bi a, abnor¬ 
mal dislike of certain colors.— chro'ma-to-phore. 
I. A contractile, pigment*containing sac of the skin 
of certain animals, as the chameleon. 2. A chromo- 
plastid. — chro'ma-to-pho-ro'ma = melanoma. — 
chro*ma-to-pBeu-do-blep'si a, chro*ma-to-pseu- 
dop'sis == coLOR*BLiNDNEss. — chro-ma-top'si a, 
the subjective appearance of white or colored 
clouds, rings, etc., due to optic hyperaesthesia. 
i$- Phosphene. — chro'ma-top-tom'e-ter, an in¬ 
strument for the quantitative determination of the 
color *sense.— chro-ma-top-tom'e-try, testing of the 
colorsperceiving power of the eye.— chro*ma-to- 
sci-am'e-ter, an instrument for testing the color* 
sensibility of the eye by colored shadows.— chro- 
ma-to'sis, disordered or abnormal skin*pigmenta- 
tion. Achromatosis ; hyperchromatosis. — 
chro-mat'o-some = chromosome. 
chro-ma-tu'ri a. The secretion of urine of an un¬ 
natural color. [ < XP^P<^ color -h olpov urine.] 
chrome. A metal, Chromium. C. alum, chromium 
and potassium sulphate, K^Cr2(S04)4.24H20. C. 
green, chromium sesquioxide, Cr203, a beautiful, 
brightsgreen pigment. C. red, basic lead chromate. 
C.yellow, lead chromate,PbCrO^, used as a pigment, 
chrom-es-the'si a. =Chrom.®sthesia. 


CHROMHIDROSIS 


197 


CHRYSANILINE 


chrom-hi-dro'sis. =Chromidrosis. 
chro'mic acid. i. A dibasic acid, HjCrO^, whose 
salts are called chromates. 2. s^Chromii tri- 
oxiDUM*. C. anhydride = CHRo Mil trioxidum*. 
chro'mi-cized. Treated with chromic acid, 
chro-mi-dro'sis. Abnormal coloration of the perspi¬ 
ration, especially applied to the blue spots (cyan- 
hidrosis) which appear on the eyelids and are due 
to micro-organisms. ^ Melinephidrosis. [< 
color-I- Mpwf sweat.] 

chro'mii triox'idum*. Chromium trioxide, the acid- 
urn chromicum (chromic acid) of the 1890 
U. S. P., CrOj, a red, crystalline substance, form¬ 
ing a valuable escharotic for the removal of mor¬ 
bid growths, especially those of syphilitic origin; 
chromic anhydride. Brought in contact with 
organic substances, as sugar, alcohol, collodion, 
etc., serious accidents are liable to occur, 
chro'mism. Abnormal or excessive coloration, 
chro'mium, gen. chro'mii. A metallic element 
extracted from native lead or iron chromate; 
chrome: sp. gr., 6.5; at. wt., 51.7; symbol, Cr. 
It is whitish, brittle, very hard, and difficult to 
fuse. C. sesquioxide = CHROME green. C. tri¬ 
oxide = chromii TRIOXIDUM*. [< j^^pwpa color.] 
chro'mo-. Relating to color or pigment ; chromato-: 
a combining form. [<jp«pa color.] chro'mo- 
blast, a connective-tissue pigment-cell. —chro-mo- 
crin'i a, the secretion or excretion of coloring mat¬ 
ter, especially if it be abnormal or pathological.— 
chro’mo-cys-tos'co-py, cystoscopic examination 
after the introduction of coloring matter, as in- 
digo-carmin, which stains the ureteral discharge. 

— chro'mo-cyte, any colored cell.— chro’mo-cy- 
tom'e-ter, an instrument for measuring the 
amount of haemoglobin in the red corpuscles of 
the blood. fchro'mo-cy-tom'e-try.— chro-mo- 
der-ma-to'sis = chromatodermatosis. — chro’- 
mo-di-ag-no'sis. i. Diagnosis by the observation 
of changes of color. 2. Diagnosis made through 
colored glass, etc.— chro'mo-gen. i. A peculiar 
principle of animal and vegetable tissue which 
may give rise to a coloring matter under certain 
chemical actions, as certain cells of the suprarenal 
body which are stained brown by chromic acid. 
2. Any organic coloring matter. — chro-mo-gen'- 
e-sis, the production or generation of pigments. 

— chro-mo-gen'ic. i. Relating to chromogen. 2. 
Producing color, as C. bacteria, bacteria which pro¬ 
duce a characteristic pigment.— chro-mo-leu'cite 
= CHROMOPLASTID. — chro'mo-lumc, an apparatus 
for producing colored rays of light.— chro-mol'y- 
sis = CHROMATOLYSIS. — chro'mo-mere, any one 
of the minute granules which compose chromo¬ 
somes.— chro-mom'e-ter, an instrument for the 
determination of the amount of coloring matter 
in a substance. f chro-mom'e-try. — chro-mo- 
par'ic, chro-mop'a-rous, producing colors: applied 
to certain chromogenic bacteria which generate 
pigments but themselves remain colorless.— chro'- 
mo-phane, -phan, any one of the coloring matters 
derivable from the retina. These are chlorophane, 
rhodophane, and xanthophane. — chro-moph'i- 
lous, chro'mo-phile, chro-mo-phil'ic, stainable or 
easily stained: said of certain histological elements, 
especially certain varieties of leucocytes. — 
chro-mo-pho'bic, not readily stained, t®" Chro- 
MOPHiLous. — chro'mo-phore = chromogen, def. 
I. — chro-mo-phor'ic, chro-moph'o-rous, bearing 
colors: applied to chromogenic bacteria which 
contain the pigment in the cell -protoplasm of 
the organism.— chro'mo-phose, a subjective sen¬ 


sation of color. cs-Phose. — chro'mo-phyll, any 
coloring matter of plants other than chlorophyll. 
— chro’mo-phy-to'sis, an affection of the skin, 
characterized by yellowish =brown maculae, usually 
occurring on the upper part of the thorax. It is 
due to microscopic vegetation having its seat in 
the skin, is- Phytosis. — chro'mo-plasm = chro¬ 
matin. tchro-mo-plas'mic. — chro-mo-plas'tid, a 
protoplasmic pigment-granule. — chro-mo-pro'- 
te id, -in, any member of a class of proteid mat¬ 
ter which may be broken up into albumin and 
coloring matter, e.g., haemoglobin.— chro-mop'sia 
= CHROMATOPSiA. — chro-mop-tom'e-ter, a device 
for estimating the extent of color-sensitiveness, 
. or for detecting and measuring the degree of 
color-blindness.— chro’mo-ra-di-om'e-ter unit, a 
unit of measurement in Rbntgen-ray work.— 
chro*mo-rhin-or-rhoe'a, a flow of colored matter 
from the nose.— chro'mo-sac-cha-rom'e-ter, an 
instrument for the quantitative determination of 
sugar in the urine by comparison of colors.— 
chro'mo-scope, an instrument for testing color- 
perception. — chro'mo-some, any one of the 
deeply staining, curved or straight, chromatin 
rods, into which the spirem breaks during kary- 
OKiNESis. The various factors of heredity are 
believed to be inherent in the chromosomes and 
their numerical constancy for every individual 
species of animal or plant is regarded as estab¬ 
lished, the number being in the higher animals 
even and in man probably twenty-four. P. 
’07.] — chro-mo-sperm'ism, a condition in which 
the semen is colored. — chro-mo-ther'a-py, the 
therapeutic employment of colored light, 
chron'ic. Long-continued; lasting a long time: op¬ 
posed to ACUTE. C. abscess = COLD ABSCESS. 

C. alcoholism, i^ alcoholism. C. arthritis, &• 
ARTHRITIS. C. articular rheumatism = rheuma¬ 
tism, ACUTE. C. cancer = sciRRHUs. C. catar¬ 
rhal tonsillitis, i®- tonsillitis. C. nephritis, ^ 
NEPHRITIS. C. osteitis, CENTRAL CARIES, often due 
to tuberculosis or syphilis. C. pharyngitis, t»- 
PHARYNGiTis. C. poHomyelitis, progressive mus¬ 
cular atrophy. C. progressive chorea = Hunting¬ 
don’s chorea. C. rhinitis, i^ RHINITIS. C. ulcer 
= indolent ulcer. C. vegetating salpingitis, 
marked hypertrophy of the mucous membranes 
of the oviduct. [ < L. chron'icus, fr. xP^vog time.] 
fchro-nic'i-ty, the state of a chronic malady, 
chro'no-graph. An instrument for recording small 
intervals of time; time-marker, 
chro-nop'a-thy. A chronic disease, 
chro'no-scope. An apparatus for recording frac¬ 
tional parts of a second. 

chro-nos'te on. The temporal bone. [ < time 

-f odTtov bone.] 

chro-no-ther'mal. Relating to time and temper¬ 
ature: applied to a theory that all diseases have 
periodic intermissions of fever, 
chro-op'sia. =Chromatopsia. 
chro'tic. Relating to the skin. [< Tpw? skin.] 
chro'to-plast. Any structural element of the skin; 
especially, a cell concerned in forming the integu¬ 
ments. [< skin-f- 'KXdcGZLV to form.] 
chrys'a-lis, -lid. The silky covering of a pupa, as 
of many species of insects, 
chry-sam'mic acid. An acid, C,4H2(N02)4(0H)203, 
obtained by heating aloes with nitric acid, and oc¬ 
curring in gold-colored scales. gold-f- 

dpt flog sand.] 

chry-san'i-line. A golden-yellow dyestuff, 

derived from rosaniline; leather yellow; phosphine 


CHRYSAROBIN 


198 


CIBISITOME 


chrysarobin (crt-sor'o-bin or cr^s-a-^6'b^n). i. Goa 
powder. 2. = Chrysarobinum*. C. ointment 
= UNGUENTUM CHRYSAROBINI*. [ < L. chrysa- 
robi'num, fr. gold+ araroba the Brazilian 

name of the tree producing it.] 
chrys-a-ro-bi'num*. Chrysarobin, C30H26O7, a neu¬ 
tral principle extracted from goa powder, a sub¬ 
stance found deposited in the wood of Vouaca- 
pou'a araro'ba. It is highly valued in the treat¬ 
ment of certain skin diseases. Internally, it is 
irritant and purgative. Dose, 0.030 Gm. gr.). 
i^Unguentum chrysarobini*. 
chrys'ene. A solid hydrocarbon, obtained 

by distillation from coabtar. 
chrys*o-cre-at'i-nine. A leucomaine, CgHgN.^O, ob¬ 
tained from muscle in the form of yellow crystals. 
It closely resembles creatinine. [ < XP^^^^C gold 4 - 

CREATININE.] 

chry-so'i-dine. Any dye^color derived from amido- 
azobenzene. 

chrys-o-lep'ic acid. = Picric acid. [< 
gold -|- XeTTig scale.] 

Chrysomy'ia macella'ria. Screw^worm. [H-S. 
’09.] 

chrys'o-phan. A glucoside, CjgHjgOg, derivable 
from various plants, and capable of being con¬ 
verted into glucose and chrysophanic acid, 
chrys-o-phan'ic acid. An acid, CigHjoO^, which 
crystallizes in golden^yellow plates; parietic acid ; 
rheic acid; rhein; rhubarbarin. It is derivable 
from rhubarb, from yellow lichens, from anthra¬ 
cene, and probably from chrysarobin. [ < xp'^^^i 
gold+ (pa'iveiv to show.] 
chrys'o-phyll. = Xanthophyll. 

Chrysophyl'lum glycyphloe'um. e^Monesia. 
chrys-o-tox'in. A paralyzant principle from ergot. 

Dose, o.oi to 0.03 Gm. to ^ gr.). 

Cht. Abbr. for charta. 

chthononosology (thon’o-no-sol'o-gf). The science 
of the geographical distribution of diseases. [ < 
xOuv earth + nosology.] 

chthonophagia (thon-o-fe'ji a). A strong desire to 
eat dirt or earthy matter; the eating of clay or 
earth; geophagy; cachexia africana. [< 4^6*0)^ 
earth + (payeiv to eat.] 

Chur'chill’s tincture of iodine. =Tinctura iodi, 
Churchill. 

churn'ing sound. A sound, such as is made by a 
chum, heard within the chest when there is 
liquid effusion into the pleura. 

Chvostek’s reflex symptom or sign (CHvos'tecs). 
Spasm of one side of the face, elicited by a 
sudden tap; Schultze’s vibrations: seen in tetany 
after operation. 

chy-la'ce ous. Pertaining to or consisting of chyle, 
chy-lae'mi a. The presence of fatty globules or of 
chylous elements in the blood, giving to the 
serum a milky appearance. [ < chyle + 

alfia blood.] 

chy-lan-gi-o'ma. Distention of a lymphatic vessel 
by retained chyle. 

chy-la'que-ous. Composed of chyle and water. [ < 
XvXbg chyle -I- L. a'qua water.] 
chy-la'ri ose. A kind of fruit-sugar obtained from 
honey. [< dim. of X'^'^og iuice.] 

chyle. The milk-like liquor found in the lacteals 
and thoracic duct and consisting of fat proteids, 
cholesterin, lecithin, inorganic constituents, and 
water; chylus"^. Chyme; lymph. C.sbladder 

or scistern = RECEPTACULUM chyli. C. clot, the 
solid mass resulting from the coagulation of 
chyle. C. corpuscles, the cells contained in chyle. 


resembling white blood-corpuscles. C. reservoir 
= RECEPTACULUM CHYLI. C. vessels, the lacte¬ 
als. C.sspaces, the central lymphatic spaces 
of the intestinal villi. [< juice.] tchy- 

li-fac'tion, the formation of chyle, chy-li-fac'- 
tive, forming chyle, chy-lif'e-rous. i. Forming 
chyle. 2. Conveying chyle, chy-lif'ic, produc¬ 
ing chyle, chyli-fl-ca'tion, the process by which 
chyle is separated from chyme, chy'li-form, 
as C. pleurisy, a variety marked by exudations 
of milky appearance. V, 

chyl-hi-dro'sis, chy-li-dro'sis. Chylous perspiration. 

[< chyle 4- IdptdOLQ sweating.] 

chy'lo-. Relating to or resembling chyle: a com¬ 
bining form. [<xv^ 6 g chyle.] chy'lo-cele, chylous 
effusion into the vaginal tunic of the testicle, as par¬ 
asitic c. — chy'lo-cyst = receptaculum chyli. — 
chy-lo-der'ma = lymph-scrotum. — chylo-di-ar- 
rhoe'a = CHYLORRHCEA. — chy-lo-do'chi um = re¬ 
ceptaculum CHYLI. — chy-lo-gas'ter, a part of the 
intestine where chyle is formed; the duodenum. 

— chylo-per-i-car'di um, presence of chyle in the 
pericardium.— chylo-per-i-to-ne'um, a condition 
marked by infusion of chyle into the peritoneum. 

— chy-loph-thar'sis, putrefaction of the chyle. 

— chy-lo-pleu'ra, a condition marked by the pres¬ 
ence of chyle in the pleura.— chy-lo-poi-e'sis, the 
process of chylification. fchylo-poi-et'ic, as C. 
disease. — chy-lo-pty'a-lism, secretion of milky 
saliva.— chy-lor-rhce'a, a diarrhoea with chyle or 
a milky fluid in the discharges.— chy-lo'sis = 
CHYLIFICATION. — chy-lo-tho'rax, effusion of chyle 
into the chest, usually due to traumatic rupture 
of the thoracic duct. 

chy'lous. Pertaining to or of the nature of chyle. 
C. blood, r^piARH^MiA. C. cyst, a cyst filled 
with chyle: sometimes found in the mesentery. 

C. urine, urine containing fat. i^Chyluria. 
chy-lu'ri a. Presence of fat in urine, giving it a 
milky appearance or forming a cream-like deposit 
on the surface: often due to Fila'ria san'guinis 
hom'inis causing lymphatic stasis followed by 
rupture of a lymph-vessel of the bladder, 
chy'lus*. = Chyle. [L.] 

chy'mase. A gastric ferment which accelerates 
pancreatic digestion. 

chyme. The grayish, pulpy mass into which the 
food is transformed by gastric digestion. [ < 
juice.] tchy-mif'e-rous. i. Containing chyme. 
2. Producing chyme, chymi-fl-ca'tion, the con¬ 
version of the food into chyme, 
chy-mec'chy-sis. A discharge or effusion of chyme. 

[< X^P<^C chyme 4 - EKxvo/g effusion.] 
chy-mo-pla'ni a. A metastasis or extravasation of 
any of the fluids of the body (as the bile); a 
disease due to metastasis of fluids. [< X'^P^^ 
juice 4 - rcldvT] wandering.] 
chy-mo-sep'sis. Putrefaction of chyme, 
chy'mo-sin. A milk-curdling agent of the gastric 
and pancreatic juices, Rennin. 
chy-mo-sin'o-gen. The pro-enzyme of the gastric 
and pancreatic juices which is converted into 
chymosin. 

chy-mo'sis. i. =Chymification 2. =Chemosis. 
chy'mus*. = Chyme. 

Chytri'deae. A family of unicellular parasites, 
Synchytrium. 
ci'a-tome. = Kiotome. 

ci-ba'tion. The taking of food. [<L. ci'bus food.] 
ci-bis'i-tome. An instrument for opening the cap¬ 
sule of the lens for the removal of cataract. 
[ < Kt/diaig pouch -f Topq cutting.] 


CIBOPHOBIA 


199 


CILIECTOMY 


ci-bo-pho'bi a. Abnormal aversion to food. ^ 
Anorexia; pica. [< L. ct'bws food + fear.] 

Cibo'tium. c^Penghawar. 

cic-a-tri'cial. Of the nature of or relating to a 
cicatrix. C. contraction, the gradual contraction 
of a scar, often producing deformity. C. ectro¬ 
pion, ECTROPION. C. keloid, a growth resem¬ 
bling a true keloid, due to the hypertrophy of a 
cicatrix; false keloid. C. kidney, a small, irregu¬ 
lar kidney covered with cicatrices. It is the final 
stage of surgical kidney, produced by absorption 
of the abscesses and cicatricial contraction. C. 
retraction = C. contraction. C. scoliosis, sco¬ 
liosis due to cicatricial contraction, as after 
necrosis of a rib. C. stenosis, stenosis caused by 
the contraction of a cicatrix. C. stricture, stric¬ 
ture due to cicatricial contraction. C. tissue, 
the dense connective tissue of a cicatrix, 
cic-a-tric'u-la. The circular white spot at the 
equator of a bird’s egg, in which the embryo 
develops; the germinal or embryonal area. [L., 
dim. of CICATRIX.] fcic-a-tric'ular, as C. lens, 
the lenticular mass formed by thickening of the 
blastodermic layers within the embryonal area, 
ci-ca'trix, pi. cicatri'ces. A scar; an elevation or 
seam, consisting of a new tissue^formation, re¬ 
placing tissue lost by a wound, sore, or ulcer. 
[L., fr. cicatrica're to heal leaving a scar.] fcic'- 
a-tri-sant, cic'a-tri-sive, promoting cicatrization, 
as a remedy. cic*a-tri-za'tion, the process by 
which a cicatrix is formed, cic'a-trize. 
Cicho'rium. A genus of composite plants, compris¬ 
ing C. in'tybus (chicory or succory), the whole 
plant of which is mildly tonic and is used in 
jaundice, congestion of the liver, etc. The root 
is mixed with or used as a substitute for coffee. 
The endive (C. endiv'ia) is used as a salad. 
Cicu'ta. A genus of umbelliferous plants. C. 
macula'ta, the spotted cowbane of the United 
States, and C. viro'sa, the water*hemlock of 
Europe, have poisonous roots. They yield ci-cu'- 
tine, CgHjjN, a liquid alkaloid, and ci-cu-tox'in, 
a poisonous liquid, fci-cu'tism. 

-cide. A suffix denoting killing (as in suicide) or a 
destroyer (as in germicide), f-cidal. 
ci-cu'tine. i. i^Cicuta. 2. = Coniine. 
ci'der. The juice of apples, used as a beverage. C. 
brandy, an alcoholic liquor distilled from cider. 
C. colic, colic caused by drinking cider. C. 
vinegar, vinegar. 

cig-a-rettef A roll of medicated paper or of some 
slowsbuming medicated preparation. It is to be 
smoked like tobacco for the relief or cure of 
patients in certain diseases. [F.] 
ci-gar'smak-ers’ or cig-a-rette'smak-ers’ cramp. 
Painful contraction of the flexors of the fingers, 
sometimes seen in cigar* and cigarette*makers. 
cil'ia. Plural of L. cilium. 

cilia'res glan'dulae. = Meibomian glands. [L.] 
cilia'ris riola'ni. = Ciliary muscle, def. 2. [L.] 

cil-i-anfic acid. An oxidation product, CgoHggOg, of 
cholalic acid. 

cil-i-ar'i-scope. An instrument for examining the 
ciliary region of the eye. 

cil'i-a-ry. i. Relating to or resembling the eye¬ 
lashes. 2. Relating to the ciliary body. C. 

arteries, the branches of the ophthalmic artery 
which supply the parts of the eyeball except the 
retina. There are anterior and posterior ciliary 
arteries, the latter including two groups, the long 
and the short. C. blepharitis, inflammation of 
the ciliary margins of the lids, affecting chiefly 


the roots of the hairs. C. body, that portion of 
the vascular tunic of the eye which includes the 
ciliary muscle and processes; corpus ciliaris*. 
C. canal = Fontana’s canal. C. circle = 
annulus ciliaris. C. crown = zona ciliaris. 
C. disk, the ciliary body. C. ducts, the ducts 
of the meibomian glands. C. forceps, forceps 
for extracting eyelashes. C. ganglion, a mi¬ 
nute ganglion, about the size of a pin’s head, 
situated within the orbit, at its apex, connected 
with the cavernous plexus and with the third 
and fifth nerves, from which it receives respec¬ 
tively its sympathetic, motor, and sensory roots; 
lenticular ganglion; ophthalmic ganglion; orbital 
ganglion; ganglion ciliare*. It gives off the short 
ciliary nerves and supplies the accommodation 
structures. C. glands, i. = Meibomian glands. 
2. The recesses between the plications of the 
ciliary processes. C. ligament, i. = Pectinate 
LIGAMENT OF THE IRIS. 2. The inner portion of 
the ciliary muscle. C. movement, a motion of 
the cilia attached to certain epithelial and other 
cells, by which fluids are propelled in currents or 
minute solid particles are pushed along. C. 
muscle. I. The muscle of accommodation in the 
eye. It occupies the outer part of the ciliary 
body, and by its action upon the suspensory 
ligament it modifies the shape of the lens. 2. A 
small fascicle of the orbicularis palpebrarum, 
running along the margin of the eyelid, and some¬ 
times spoken of as the ciliary muscle; ciliary 
muscle of Riolanus. C. muscle of Riolanus — 
CILIARY MUSCLE, def. 2. C. nervcs, nerves sup¬ 
plying the accommodative parts of the eye as 
well as common sensation. Two groups are 
recognized, the long and the short. The latter 
come from the ophthalmic or the ciliary gan¬ 
glion to the sphincter iridis; the former from the 
nasal branch of the ophthalmic division of the 
fifth nerve to the dilator fibres. C. neuralgia, 
neuralgia extending over the brow, temples, and 
side of the nose. C. ophthalmia = C. blepha¬ 
ritis. C. processes, the hemi*elliptical ridges, 
about seventy in number, which project from 
the ciliary body and encircle the margin of 
the lens of the eye; ligamenta ciliaria; plicae 
corporis ciliaris; processus ciliares*. C. reflex, 
movement of the pupil in accommodation. C. 
region, i. The portion of the eye including the 
root of the iris and the ciliary body. 2. The 
portion of the eyelid from which the lashes 
spring. C. ring. i. The circular part of the 
ciliary muscle. 2. =C. circle. C. staphyloma, 
staphyloma of the sclerotica in the ciliary region. 
^ Staphylom.a.. C. striae, the striae of the ciliary 
body. C. sulci, furrows on the vitreous humor 
made by the ciliary processes. C. veins, 
branches of the ophthalmic vein following closely 
the courses of the c. arteries. Anterior c. veins, 
branches of the ophthalmic vein which follow 
the courses of the arteries of the same name. 
Posterior c. veins, branches of the ophthalmic 
vein from the choroid. C. zone = zona ciliaris. 

cil'i-ate, cil'i-a-ted. Having cilia; fringed with 
hairs; having hairs or a species of pubescence. 
C. cells, cells provided with cilia or with a cilium 
at their free ends. C. epithelium, epithelium 
composed of ciliated cells. [< L. cilia'tus, fr. 
cil'ium eyelash.] 

cil-i-a'tion. i. The state of being ciliated. 2. Cilia 
taken collectively. 

cil-i-ec'to-my. Excision of the ciliary nerves. 


CILIORETINAL VESSELS 


200 


CINCHONIDINE 


cil’i-o-ret'i-nal vessels. Small vessels running from 
■ihe posterior ciliary vessels to the retina at the 
entrance of the optic nerve, 
cil’i-o-spi'nal centre. A part of the cervicodorsal 
portion of the spinal cord, presiding over the 
dilatation of the iris. C. reflex, dilatation of 
the pupil following irritation of the skin of the 
neck. 

cU-i-ot'o-my. Cutting of the ciliary nerves, 
cil'i um, pi. cf/'fa. i. The eyelid, or rather the 
edge of the eyelid, out of which the hairs grow; 
also the eyelash. It is used mostly in the plural. 
2. One of the minute, vibratile, hairdike, proto¬ 
plasmic processes attached to the free surface of 
a cell or to some other part or organ. Cilia may 
move ten or more times a second and produce 
a current in one direction, as toward the uterus 
in the case of an ovum in the fallopian tube. [L.] 
cil'lo, pi. cillo'nes. i. A person suffering with 
cillosis. 2. =CiLLOSis. 3. A catamite, or sexual 
pervert. [L.] 

cil-lo'sis. Spasmodic trembling or agitation of the 
eyelids, fcil-lot'ic. 

cim'bi a. A slender white band crossing the ventral 
surface of the crus cerebri. [ < kv/i[3cov band or 
fillet.] fcim'bi al. 

Ci'mex. A genus of insects, to which the common 
bedbug (C. lectula'rius), and C. rotunda'tus {ma- 
croceph'alus) of India, belong. There is also an 
outsofsdoor bug of the genus Ara'dus, which 
closely resembles Ci'mex. The bite of these 
insects may transmit tuberculosis, leprosy, cere¬ 
bral spinal meningitis, etc. Certain species yield 
ci-mic'ic acid, CJ5H28O.2, and the illssmelling prin¬ 
ciple cim'i-cin. [L., “bug.”] 
cim-i-cif'u-ga*. The dried rhizome and the roots 
of Cimicif'uga racemo'sa (black snakeroot), other¬ 
wise called Actce'a racemo'sa, a ranunculaceous 
plant, common in the United States. It is a 
tonic and powerful antispasmodic, and has been 
employed with success in chorea and uterine 
convulsions. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). isr Ex- 

TRACTUM CIMICIFUG^*; FLUIDEXTRACTUM CIMI- 
ciFUG^*; TiNCTURA ciMiciFUG^E*. fcim-i-cif'u- 
gin, a resinous precipitate derived from alcoholic 
preparations of cimicifuga. It is narcotic, anti¬ 
spasmodic, and diaphoretic. Dose, 0.06 to 0.2 
Gm. (i to 3 grs.). 

ci'na. The plant Artemi'sia santon'ica, or its seed; 

European wormseed. [L.] 
cin-cham'i-dine. An alkaloid, Ci^H^^NjO, of cin¬ 
chona. 

cin*cho-ce-ro'tine. An alkaloid, Cj-H^gOg, from cRl- 
isaya bark. 

cin-cho-ful'vic acid. A reddish-brown substance, 
Ci.,Hj 40;., obtained from various cinchonas, but 
most abundant in the red bark; cinchonic red. 
cin*cho-leu-pon'ic acid. An acid, C8HJ3NO4 + H2O, 
obtained from cinchonine by the action of 
chromic and dilute sulphuric acids, 
cin'cho-line. One of the alkaloids of cinchona. 
cin*cho-me-ro'nic acid. A dicarboxylic acid, C5H3- 
N.(C00H)2, the chief product of the oxidation of 
quinine by nitric acid. 

Cincho'na*. i. A genus of rubiaceous trees, com¬ 
prising many species of evergreen trees, all 
natives of South America, but now largely culti¬ 
vated in India and Java. 2. The U. S. P. name for 
dried bark of C. ledgeria'na Moens, C. calisa'ya 
Weddell, C. officina'lis Linn6, and of hybrids of 
these with other species of cinchona (Fam. Ru- 
bia'cece) ; Peruvian bark. It should yield not 


less than 5% of total anhydrous cinchona alka¬ 
loids. and at least 4% of anhydrous ether- 
soluble alkaloids when assayed by the proc¬ 
ess given in the U. S. P. Cinchona contains a 
large number of alkaloids, the most important 
of which are quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, 
and cinchonine. All of these are in a high 
degree tonic and febrifuge. Since they are 
especially remarkable for their 
efficacy against diseases of a 
periodical character, as tertian, 
quartan and other malarias, 
they, as well as the bark in 
substance, have been termed 
antiperiodics. Dose, i Gm. (15 


Microscopic Section 

OF Cinchona. Cinchona. 

grs.). Fluidextractum cinchona*; tinc- 

TURA CINCHON.E*; TINCTURA CINCHON.E COMPOS- 

iTA*. C. carib'aea = Caribbean BARK. C. fla'va, 
“ yellow cinchona,” the bark of the trunk of 
Cincho'na calisa'ya. C. paFlida, “ pale cinchona,” 
the bark of C. condami'nea and of C. micran'- 
tha. C. ru'bra*, red cinchona, the dried bark 
of Cincho'na succiru'bra, or of its hybrids, yield¬ 
ing not less than 5% of anhydrous cinchona. 
Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). [From the Countess 
del Chinchon or Cinchon, who was cured by its 
use.] 

cin-chon-am'ine. An alkaloid, C19H24N2O, obtained 
from cuprea bark {Remij'ia purdiea'na). It is 
said to have six times the toxic power of quinine, 
cin'cho-nate. =Quinate. 
cin-chon'e-tine. An alkaloid from cinchonine, 
cin-chon'i-bine. An alkaloid, Cis,H22N20, obtained 
from cinchonine by heating with sulphuric acid, 
cin-chon'ic acid. =Quinicacid. C. red = cincho- 

FULVIC ACID. 

cin-chon'i-cine. An amorphous cinchona alkaloid, 
^19^22^20’ identical in composition with cincho¬ 
nine and cinchonidine. 

cinchonidi'nae sul'phas*.. Cinchonidine sulphate, 
(^19^22^20)2-^^2204+ 3H2O, the neutral sulphate 
of an alkaloid cinchonidine, which is obtained 
from the bark of certain species of cinchona, 
chiefly red cinchona. It occurs in white, silky, 
lustrous needles or thin, quadratic prisms, odor¬ 
less, and having a very bitter taste. It acts on 
the system like quinine, but is less powerful. 
Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). 

cin-chon'i-dine, cin-cho-nid'i a. A cinchona alka¬ 
loid, CjgH22N20, isomeric with cinchonine, but 
more active medicinally. It is less active, how¬ 
ever, than quinine and quinidine. C. hydrobro- 
mate is sometimes given hypodermically. C. sali- 










CINCHONINA 


201 


CIRCINUS 


cylate, CjgHgaNjOC^HgOg, is a powerful antiperi- 
odic, but is inferior to the ordinary preparations of 
cinchonidine: used in chronic rheumatism in dose 
of I to 1.3 Gm. (15 to 20 grs.) a day. C. sul¬ 
phate = CINCHONIDINvE SULPHAS*, 
tinchoni'na, gen. -ncB. The 1890 U. S. P. name for 
CINCHONINE. Cinchoni'n® sul'phas*, cinchonine 
sulphate, (Cj9H22N20)2.H2S0^ + 2H20, the neutral 
sulphate of an alkaloid (cinchonine) obtained 
from the bark of several species of Cincho'na. It 
is in the form of white, shining prisms, which are 
odorless, but have an intensely bitter taste. It 
has the same remedial properties as quinine sul¬ 
phate. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). 
cin'cho-nine. An alkaloid, Cj9H22N2^' prepared from 
different species of cinchona; cinchoni'na of the 
1890 U. S. P. It occurs in white, somewhat 
lustrous prisms or needles permanent in the air, 
odorless, at first nearly tasteless, but developing 
a bitter after^taste, and having an alkaline 
reaction. The physiological action of cinchonine 
is similar to that of quinine, but less powerful. 
C. iodosulphate = ANTisEPTOL. C. sulphate = cin¬ 
chonine SULPHAS*, 
cin'cho-nism. =Quininism. 

cin'cho-nize. To bring under the influence of some 
cinchona alkaloid by giving large doses, 
cin-cho-nol'o-gy. The science of cinchona de¬ 
rivatives. 

cin-cho-tan'nic acid, cin-cho-tan'nin. An amor¬ 
phous substance, C,4H,gOg, precipitated from a 
decoction of cinchona bark by the action of lead 
acetate. 

cin-chot'e-nin. A neutral, crystalline principle, 
CigH2oN203, produced by oxidizing cinchonine 
with potassium permanganate, 
cin'cho-tine. An alkaloid, Cj 9 H 24 N 20 , from remijia 
bark. 

cin-cho-va'tine. = Aricine. 

cin-clis'mus, cin'cli-sis. i. Rapid winking. 2. 

Any rapid twitching movement. [c^KiyKAta/Joc.] 
cinc'ture sensation. = Girdlessensation. 
cin-e-mat'o-graph. An instrument for taking or re¬ 
producing moving pictures; sometimes used to 
record or exhibit surgical operations. [cinIvTjfin 
motion + ypd^etv to write.] fcin'e-ma-tog'ra-phy. 
ci-nene'. =Dipentene. 
cin'e-ol. = Eucalyptol*. 

ci-ne're a. The gray matter of the nervous system. 

[< L. cine'reus ash=colored.] fci-ne'real. 
cin-e-ri'tious, ci-ne're-ous. Belonging to or resem¬ 
bling ashes. C. lamina = l.a min a cinerea. C. 
nucleus, a term sometimes used for the gray 
matter of the restiform bodies. C. substance, the 
gray matter of the brain and nerve*substance. 
C. tubercle, i. =Tuber cinereum*. 2. =Tu- 
BERCLE OF RoLANDO. [ < L. cineH'tius, cine'reus, 
fr. ci'nus ashes.] 

ci'ne-si-. For words beginning thus see words 
beginning kinesi-. 

cin'gu-lum, pi.-/a. i. Any band, belt, or girdle, espe¬ 
cially if used as a therapeutic o r surgical appli¬ 
ance. C. extremita'tis inferio'ris* = pelvic gir¬ 
dle. C. extremita'tis superio'ris* = pectoral 
ARCH. 2. The neck of a tooth. 3. That portion 
of the gyrus fornicatus which runs along the 
corpus callosum. 4. = Herpes zoster. [L., fr. 
cin'gere to girdle.] 

cin'na-bar. i. Red mercuric sulphide, HgS, occur¬ 
ring in the form of a bright scarlet powder or in 
lumps; vermilion: sometimes used by fumigation 
in syphilis, when an immediate effect is required. 


Pulverized cinnabar is called vermilion, and is 
used as a pigment. 2. A resinous substance, of 
a bright red color, obtained from the juice of an 
Indian tree. [< L. cinnaba'ris fr. KiVvdjSapi.] 
cinnaldehy'dum*. Cinnamic aldehyde, CgHgO, an 
aldehyde obtained from oil of cinnamon or pre¬ 
pared synthetically, containing not less than 95% 
of the pure aldehyde. It is nearly identical with 
the oil distilled from cinnamomum cassia. Dose, 
0.05 Cc. (i min.). 

cin'na-mate. Any salt of cinnamic acid, 
cin-na-me'in. = Benzyl cinnamate. 
cin'na-mene. =Styrol. 

cin'na-mic or cin-nam'ic. Relating to or obtained 
from cinnamon. C. acid, an acid, CgHgOg, procured 
from oil of cinnamon. It occurs in balsam of 
Tolu, Siam benzoin, and storax. C. alcohol “ 
styrone. C. aldehyde = cinnaldehydum*. 
cin'na-mol. =Styrol. 

Cinnamo'mum. A genus of lauraceous trees. C. 
cam'phora, the tree from which camphor is 
obtained. C. cas'sia, the 1890 U. S. P. name for 
cassia cinnamon, cassia bark, or Chinese cinna¬ 
mon, the bark of the shoots of one or more 
undetermined species of Cinnamo'mum grown in 
China. It is a most grateftfl and efficient aro¬ 
matic, warm and cordial to the stomach, carmina¬ 
tive and astringent, and is well adapted to relieve 
nausea and flatulence. C. saigo'nicum*, Saigon 
cinnamon, the bark of an undetermined species 
of Cinnamo'mum. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). m- 

PULVIS AROMATICUS*; TINCTURA CARDAMOMI 
COMPOSITA*; TINCTURA CINNAMOMI*; TINCTURA 
LAVENDULE COMPOSITA*. C. zcylan'icum*, Cey¬ 
lon cinnamon, the inner bark of the shoots of 
C. zeylan'icum. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). 
cin'na-mon. The inner bark of various species of 
Cinnamomum. Cinnamon is one of the most 
efficient of the aromatics. 

It is astringent, carmina¬ 
tive, and locally stimulant. 

Dose of powder, 0.65 to 
1.3 Gm. (10 to 20 grs.). 

Ceylon c. = Cinnamomum 
ZEYLANicuM*. Chinese c. 

= CINNAMOMUM CASSIA. 

C. oil = OLEUM CINNA¬ 
MOMI*. Saigon c. = cin¬ 
namomum SAIGONICUM*. 

C. water = AQUA cinna- 

MOMI*. 

cin'na-myl, A hypothetical radical, CgHg. C. alco¬ 
hol = styrone. C. cinnamate = styracin. C. 
eugenol, a derivative of eugenol: used in tuber¬ 
culosis. C. guaiacol = STYRACOL. 
cin'no-line. A hypothetical base, CgH^Ng, analo¬ 
gous to quinoline. 

cin-o-pla-ne'sis. Lack of coordination of voluntary 
movements. [< klvsIv to move -h irJ-dviiati; w'an- 
dering.] 

cinque-foil'. =Potentilla canadensis. 
ci'on-, ci'o-no-. =Kion-, kiono-. 
ci'o-tome. =Kiotome. 

circel'lus. A small circle. C. veno'sus hypoglos'si, 
a plexus of veins surrounding the hypoglossal 
nerve in the anterior condylar foramen. [L.] 
cir'ci-nal roseola. Roseola in which the eruptions 
are ring-shaped. 

cir'ci-nate. Circular; ring-shaped. C. eruption — 
GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE. C. SyphiUde, rS-SYPHILIDE. 
[ < L. circina'tus circular.] 
cir'ci-nus. = Herpes zoster. 



Cinnamon. 


CIRCLE 


202 


CIRCUM- 


cir'cle. =Circulus*. C. of diffusion, a confused 
image formed on the retina when it (the retina) 
is not at the focus of the eye. C. of Haller, 

CIRCULUS ARTERIOSUS HALLERI; CIRCULUS VENO- 
SUS HALLERI. C. of WilHs = CIRCULUS ARTERIO¬ 
SUS [WiLLISl]*. 

cir'cuit. The path or round traversed by a galvanic 
current. C. breaker, a device for breaking an 
electric circuit at regular intervals. Closed c., a 
continuous and unbroken circuit over which the 
current may pass. Open, interrupted, or broken 
c., a circuit whose continuity is broken, prevent¬ 
ing the passage of a current. Short c. A branch 
conducting circuit of low resistance, as a connec¬ 
tion by a short wire between the poles of a battery, 
or a current formed within a galvanic cell, pass¬ 
ing from the zinc to the collecting plate and back 
again. [< L. circu'iius.] 

cir'cu-lar. Circle ^shaped. C. amputation, amputa¬ 
tion in which a circular cut is made around the 
limb, first through the skin and superficial fascia, 
which are then retracted, and then through the 
muscles and the bone higher up. C. artery, a 
branch of the uterine artery to the uterine cer¬ 
vix. C. bandage, a bandage applied about a part 
in circular turns. C. enterorrhaphy, enteror- 
RHAPHY. C. insanity, insanity characterized 
by alternating periods of melancholia and 
mania; cyclic insanity; cyclothymia; alternating 
insanity. C. muscle, a muscle surrounding a cir¬ 
cular opening; a sphincter. C. polarization, is* 
CIRCUMPOLARIZATION ; POLARIZATION. C. SinUS, a 
venous sinus surrounding the pituitary body. C. 
suture, a suture applied to the entire circumfer¬ 
ence of a divided organ. C. synechia, is* synechia. 
[< L. cir'cuius ring.] 

cir'cu-la-ting albumin or proteid. Albumin which 
circulates in a loose state in the body, but does 
not form a part of any bodily tissue; storage al¬ 
bumin ; floating albumin. 

cir-cu-la'tion. The act of moving in a circle, par¬ 
ticularly the c. of the blood, or passage of the 
blood from the heart through the arteries, capil- 
laries, and 
veins back to 
the heart. 

The time re¬ 
quired for the 
complete cy¬ 
cle is esti¬ 
mated to be 
about 22^ 
seconds in 
man. It takes 
place in three 
systems: (i) 
the Systemic 
or greater c., 
in which the 
blood passes 
from the left 
auricle to the 
left ventricle, 
to the aorta 
and arteries 
{Arterial c.), William Harvey, an English Phy- 
rani'l SICIAN, THE Discoverer OF the CiR- 
, cuLATioN OF THE Blood, 1578-1657. 

lanes {Captl- 

lary c.), to the veins {Venous c.), and through the 
venae cavae to the right auricle; (2) the Pulmonary 
or lesser c., in which the blood passes through the 
right auricle and ventricle and the pulmonary 


artery to the lungs, where it loses carbon dioxide 
and absorbs oxygen, and thence through the pul¬ 
monary veins to the left auricle; and (3) the 
Portal c., in which the blood that has gone to the 
gastrosintestinal capillaries through the systemic 
arteries passes through the portal vein, liver 
capillaries, hepatic vein, and inferior vena cava 
to the left auricle. Other varieties of circulation 
are Allantoic, Collateral or compensatory, 
Coronary, Cross=, Derivative, Fetal, Firstot 
primitive. Placental (= fetal), and Vitelline. 
[ < L. circula're to move round. 1 Michael Ser- 
vetus, a physician of Vienne, in 1553, showed a 
knowledge of the circulation of the blood in a 
theological work, all of the copies but three of 
which were burned, 75 years earlier than William 
Harvey’s epoch=making work entitled Exercitatio 
Anatomica de Moiu Cordis et Sanguinis in Ani- 
malihus, 1628.] fcir'cu-la-to-ry, as C. disease, a 
disease of the circulatory system: C. solution, a 
method of effecting solution of a solid by enclosing 
the solid in a gauze bag and suspending it in the 
upper part of the liquid: and C. system, the system 
of the animal body consisting of the heart, 
arteries, capillaries, and veins, through which the 
blood circulates. 

ciFculus*. A circle or ring: applied to any part 
of the body which is round or circular. It is 
sometimes used to denote a connection of parts 
through which there is a circulation. C. arterio'sus 
halle'ri, a circle of arteries in the sclerotic coat of 
the eye derived from the short ciliary vessels 
which encircle the entrance of the optic nerve 
and establish a communication between the reti¬ 
nal and choroidal circulations; circulus zinni; 
circulus vasculosus nervi optici C. 

arterio'sus i'ridis, the arteries supplying the iris, 
derived from the long and anterior ciliary arteries. 
There is a major and a minor circle of this descrip¬ 
tion. C. arterio'sus [Willi'si]*, an anastomotic 
circle formed by the internal carotid, anterior and 
posterior cerebral arteries, and anterior and pos¬ 
terior communicating arteries. C. artic'uli vascu- 
lo'sus, the vascular anastomosis about a joint. 
C. callo'sus halle'ri, the auriculoventricular ring 
of fibrocartilage. C. cilia'ris = ciliary muscle. 
C. i'ridis = circulus arteriosus iridis. C. ma'- 
jor, the greater vascular ring around the pupil of 
the eye. C. membrano'sus, the hymen. C. mi'- 
nor, the lesser vascular ring around the pupil of 
the eye. C. oc'uli, the orb of the eye. C. peti'ti 
= Petit’s canal. C. tonsilla'ris, a plexus of 
branches of the glossophar^mgeal nerve over 
the tonsil. C. umbilica'lis, a plexus of arteries 
in the subperitoneal tissue around the navel. 
C. vasculo'sus ner'vi op'tici [Halle'ri]* = C. 
ARTERIOSUS HALLERI. C. veno'sus halle'ri or 
veno'sus mam'mae, a ring of venous canals 
which runs about the base of the nipple. C. 
veno'sus ho'vii, a venous circle in the ciliary 
region. C. veno'sus rid'leyi, a circle of veins 
round the sella turcica. C. willi'si = C. arte¬ 
riosus [Willisi]*. [L.] C. zin'ni = C. arteri¬ 
osus HALLERI. 

cir'cum-. Signifying “ round ” or “ about” ; peri-: 
a combining form. [ L.] cir*cum-a-gen'tes, the 
oblique muscles of the eye.— cir-cum-a'nal 
glands, large sweat glands arranged circularly 
around the anus; glandulae circumanales^. — cir- 
cum-bul'bar, surrounding the eyeball.— cir-cum- 
cis ion, operation of cutting off a circular piece, 
especially, of the prepuce, Phimosis. C. of 





CIRCUS MOVEMENTS 


203 


CITRAL 


the conjunctiva, ^peritomv; syndectomy. C. 
of the cornea, a circular incision around the 
cornea preliminary to enucleation of the eyeball, 
tcir'cum-cised. — cir-cum-clu'sion, a variety of 
acupressure or acufilopressure used in the check¬ 
ing of hemorrhage.— cir-ctxm-cor'ne al, surround¬ 
ing the cornea.— cir-cum-duc'tion, circular move¬ 
ment of a limb. — circumductio'nis o'pifer, the 
superior oblique muscle of the eye.— cir-cum'fe- 
rence. i. The periphery of a circular figure. 2. 
The distance round a part. fcircum-fe-ren'tial, 
relating to a circumference, as C. cartilage, a 
ringsshaped piece of fibrocartilage, forming a rim 
around certain articular cavities, as in the hips 
joint and the shoulders joint; i^ambon: and C. 
lamellcB, superficial bony strata encircling a bone 
on both its outer and inner free surfaces, those of 
the outer surface being called peripheral or peri¬ 
osteal 1., and those of the inner, medullary 1.; 
fundamental lamellae.— cir'cum-flex, bent about; 
curved like a bow or part of a circle, as C. 
arteries, (i) of the arm, an anterior and a poste¬ 
rior branch of the axillary artery to the shoulder 
and upper part of the arm; (2) of the thigh, an 
external and an internal from the profunda 
femoris to the muscles of the thigh: C. iliac 
veins, iliac veins: C. wM5r/e = tensor pal- 
ATi: C = AXILLARY NERVE: and C. veins, 

those which follow clo.sely the arteries. — cir- 
cum-flex'us. i. The tensor palati muscle. 2. 
The circumflex nerve. — cir'cum-gy-ra'tion = 
VERTIGO. — cir-cum-in'su-lar, surrounding the 
island of Reil, as C. fissure, the groove or fissure 
around the base of the insula.— cir-cum-len'tal 
space, the space between the ciliary body and 
the equator of the lens.— cir-cum-nu'cle ar, sur¬ 
rounding the nucleus.— cir-cum-oc'u-lar, extend¬ 
ing around the eye.— cir-cum-or'bi-tal, situated 
around or near, or extending around, an orbit.— 
cir-cum-po'lar, surrounding the pole.— cir*cum- 
po-la-ri-za'tion, the rotation of a ray of polarized 
light to the right or left, especially, the use of 
this phenomenon in estimating the amount of 
sugar in diabetic urine. Polarization. — 
cir-cum-re'nal, situated around the kidneys; 
perinephric.— cir'cum-scribed, confined to a defi¬ 
nite space, limited; as C. aneurism, an aneurism 
the contents of which have not yet passed out of 
the artery: C. = angioneurotic cedema: 

and C. peritonitis, peritonitis limited to a portion 
of the membrane.— cir-cum-sec'tion, cutting cir¬ 
cularly around.—■ cir-cum-spec'tion, the conscious 
state of mental coherence of the normal individ¬ 
ual. — cir-cum-val'late, surrounded by a trench 
or by a ridge, as C. papillce, large papillae situated, 
to the number of about twelve, on the dorsum 
of the tongue, near its root, and forming a row 
on each side which meets its fellow at the mid¬ 
dle line; calyciform papillae; papillae vallatae^', 
vallate papillae. They resemble truncated cones, 
and are surrounded by an annular depression 
( fossa) and elevation ( vallum) : the sides of the 
fossa contain numerous taste^buds. — cir-cum- 
vas'cu-lar, situated about the vessels, as C . 
lymph^spaces, lymphschannels surrounding blood* 
vessels; perivascular lymph*sheaths.— cir'cum- 
vo-lu'ted suture = TWISTED suture. 
cir'cus movements. A peculiar circular gait, rolling, 
tumbling, etc., occurring involuntarily as the 
result of lesions of the brain and nerve*centres; 
compelled movements; compulsory movements; 
coordinate cramps. 


cir-rhol'y-sin. A proprietary compound of chiosin- 
amine and bismuth trisiodide. 
cir-rhon'o-sus. A fetal disease marked by a golden* 
yellow color of the pleura, peritoneum, etc. 
cir-rho'sis. i. A disease of the liver or other organs 
marked by proliferation and increase of the inter¬ 
stitial connective tissue, which subsequently con¬ 
tracts or shrinks, producing atrophy and degenera¬ 
tion of the parenchymatous substance. 2. Chronic 
interstitial inflammation of any organ, 
Atrophic c. ; biliary c. ; fatty c. ; hypertrophic 
c. C. hep'atis, interstitial hepatitis. C. perito- 
nae'i = PERITONITIS deformans. C. pulmo'num, 
cirrhosis of the lungs. C. re'num, chronic nephri¬ 
tis, def. 2. [< KLppdg reddish yellow or tawny.] 

fcir-rhot'ic, as C. crackling, a crepitant rhonchus 
heard in interstitial pneumonia: C. inflammation, 
interstitial inflammation: C. liver, a liver showing 
cirrhosis: and C. rhinitis = atrophic rhinitis. 
cir'rus. A tactile appendage, also the penis, in 
certain invertebrates. 

cirs-hy-dros'che-o-cele. A complication of cirsocele 
and hydrocele. 

cir'so-. Denoting varicosity or relating to a varix: 
a combining form. [< atpaog varix.] cir-so- 
bleph'a-ron, varicosity of the veins of the eyelid. 

— cir'so-cele, a varicose enlargement of the sper¬ 
matic vein; varicocele.— cir'soid, resembling a 
varix: applied to spermatic veins. C. aneurism, 
a tortuous dilatation of an artery through a con¬ 
siderable length of its course, resembling a varix. 

— cir-som'pha-los, a varicose condition around 
the navel; caput medusae.— cir-soph-thal'mi a, a 
varicose condition of the eye.— cir'sos, a varix 
or dilated vein.— cir'so-tome, a cutting instrument 
used for the cure of varicose veins, fcir-sot'o-my. 

cir-surcus. A varicose ulcer. 

cis'sa, cit'ta. The longing of pregnant women, as 
for strange food. [ < Kcaaa or /c<rro.] 

Cissam'pelos. A genus of menispermaceous plants. 
C. capen'sis is found in Cape Colony. The root 
is used as a cathartic and an emetic. C. parei'ra, 
of South America, yields the spurious pareira 
brava. It contains cis-sam'pe-line = pelosine. 
fS- Pareira*. [< klocoq ivy -f apireloc vine.] 
cis'tern. i. A vessel; a reservoir; cisterna*. C. 
of Pecquet = RECEPTACULUM CHYLi. 2. A suba¬ 
rachnoid space. 

cister'na*, pi.-«cp. = Cistern. C. am'biens = Bi¬ 

chat’s CANAL. Cister'nae arachnoida'les, the 
spaces containing the subarachnoid fluid which 
surround various parts of the brain, principally 
at its base. They are named from the stmctures 
in relation to which they lie, the more important 
being C. cerehellomedulla'ris, C. pon'tis, C. inter- 
peduncula'ris, C. chias'matis, C. fos'sce syl'vii, and 
C. cor'poris callo'si. C. cer'ebri, the fourth ven¬ 
tricle of the brain. C. chy'li* = receptac- 
ULUM CHYLI. C. mag'na, the space between the 
arachnoid and the transverse fissure of the brain. 
C. perilymphat'ica, a space adjacent to the foot¬ 
plate of the stapes in the ear. [L.] 

Cis'tus. A genus of cistaceous plants of the Levant. 
C. cre'ticus and C. ladanif'erus yield gum lada- 
num or labdanum which has a warm, bitter taste, 
cit'a-rin. Sodium anhydromethylenecitrate: uric* 
acid solvent, said to set free formaldehyde in the 
blood. Dose, i to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grs.). 
cit-ra-con'ic acid. A crystalline acid, CjHgO^, pre¬ 
pared from citric acid. 

cit'ral. A yellow liquid, CjqHjqO, to which the 
characteristic odor of oil of lemon is due. 


CITRATE 


204 


CLASSIFICATION 


cit'rate. A salt of citric acid, as Magnesium c. 
cit'ra-ted caffeine. =Caffeina citrata*. 
cit'rene. A colorless oil, CjoHjg, from the oils of 
orange and lemon and other essential oils; cit- 
ronyl; hesperidene; limonene. [ < L. cit'rus citron.] 
cit'ric acid. An acid, CgHgO^ + HjO, obtained from 
the juice of lemons, limes, etc.; acidum citri- 
CUM*; used as an antiseptic and refrigerant, as a 
preventive against scurvy, and as a diuretic, 
cit'rine ointment. =Unguentum hydrargyri ni- 
TRATIS*. 

cit'ro-coll. Phenocoll citrate: used as an antineu- 
ralgic. Dose, i to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grs.). 
ci-trom'e-ter. An instrument for estimating the 
percentage of citric acid in any juice or solution. 
Citrom'yces. A genus of fungi, some species of 
which convert sugar into citric acid, 
cit'ron. The fruit of the citron^tree, Cit'rus med'ica, 
of India: its thick rind is used as a flavor, 
cit-ro-nel'la. A kind of grass, Andropo'gon nar'dus, 
grown in Ceylon and the East, yielding a strong* 
smelling volatile oil used in the manufacture of 
liniments and cheap perfumery, 
cit-ro-nel'lol. A colorless, agreeable *smelling liquid, 
CjgH^gO, found in oil of Eucalyp'tus macula'ta and 
other essential oils, 
cit'ro-nyl. =Citrene. 

cit'ro-phen. A compound of citric acid with phe- 
netidin: antipyretic, antineuralgic, and sedative. 
Dose, 0.5 to I Gm. (8 to 15 grs.). 

Citrul'lus colocyn'tbis. is- Colocynthis*. It yields 
cit-rul'lin, a cathartic resinoid, much used in vet¬ 
erinary medicine. 

cit-ru'rea. An antilithic preparation containing 
citric acid, urea, and lithium. 

Cit'rus. A genus of aurantiaceous trees. C. auran'- 
tiiun, the systematic name of the orange*tree. 
IS- Aurantium ; orange. C. berga'mia, the tree 
from the rind of whose fruit oil of bergamot is 
obtained. C. decuma'na, is- naringin. C. limo'- 
num, the lemon*tree. C. med'ica, is- citron. [L.j 
cit-to'sis. = Pica. 

civ'et. An unctuous substance collected from a bag 
under the tail of the Viver'ra civet'ta and other 
viverrine mammals, miscalled civet*cats: used as 
a perfume, and formerly in medicine. 

Civiale’s operation (tshi-vi-a'lez). i. Mediolateral 
LITHOTOMY. 2. = LiTHOTRITY. 3. A form of 
internal urethrotomy. 

Civinini’s spine (tshi-vi-ni'niz). = Pterygospinous 

PROCESS. 

Cl. The chemical symbol for chlorine, 
clack pivot. In dentistry, a pivot joining an arti¬ 
ficial crown to the natural root of a tooth. 
Clado'nia rangiferi'na. Reindeer moss, a lichen 
formerly used as a stomachic and pectoral. 
Clador'chis watso'ni. An African intestinal fluke. 
Clad'othrix. A genus of low algous or fungoid 
micro*organisms, made up of colorless cylindrical 
filaments apparently but not truly branching. C. 
asteroi'des is believed to be the cause of certain 
forms of pseudotuberculosis and brain abscesses. 
C. dicho'toma is found in impure water. ^ Ery¬ 
sipeloid. C. foer'steri forms concretions in the 
lachrymal canaliculi. [ < K?A6og branch -f- dpt^ 
hair.] 

clair-au'di-ence. The pretended power of hearing 
(while in a trance) what is being said at a great 
distance. [< F. clair clear + audience hearing.] 
clair-sen'ti ence. Preternatural sense*perception. 
clair-voy'ance. A condition of the mind which is 
said to enable certain persons to perceive, under 


hypnotic influences, things not normally percep¬ 
tible. Telepathy. [< F. clair clear + voy- 
ance seeing.] 

clamp. In surgery, a device for holding parts by 
compression, or for controlling hemorrhage or 
to retain appliances in position. C. suture, a 
quilled suture in which the thread is passed 
through two perforated pieces of lead or silver, 
clang'sdeafness. A defect of the hearing in which 
the more delicate qualities of sound are lost, 
clan'gor infan'tum. = Laryngismus stridulus. 
clang'stint. The delicate tone or quality of sound; 

timbre; Klangfarbe (Ger.). 
clap. = Gonorrhoea. C.sthreads, slimy threads 
seen in the urine in gonorrheal cystitis. [ < Old 
F. clapoir a venereal sore.] 
clapotement, clapotage (cla-pot-moh, cla-po-tdzh). 
A splashing sound heard on succussion or percus¬ 
sion. It indicates that a cavity exists containing 
both air and liquid. [F.] 
clap'ping. A massage movement consisting in strik¬ 
ing the part with the palm of the hand. 

Clap'ton’s lines. Green ^colored marks on the gums 
or the teeth, symptomatic of chronic lead*poi- 
soning. 

claquement (clic-moh). = Clapping. [F.] 
clar'et. A red French wine made near Bordeaux. 
C. spot or stain = N^vus. 

clard-fi-ca'tion. The purifying or freeing of a fluid 
from heterogeneous matter or impurities. The 
removal from a liquid of solid particles which it 
holds in suspension. [<L. cla'rus clear + fa'cere 
to make.] fcla-rif'i-cant, a clarifying agent, 
clar'i-fied, as C. honey = mel depuratum*. clari- 
i-fy-ing, as C. agent, any agent for rendering 
microscopic preparations more transparent, such 
as glycerin, turpentine, and the oils of bergamot, 
cloves, and cedar. 

clar-i o-net'splayers’ cramp. Cramp of the tongue 
and of the muscles of the larynx, sometimes 
seen in clarionet*players. 

Clarke’s column, i. A tract of nerve»cells most 
marked in the thoracic region, occupyng the 
inner angle of the posterior horn of the gray 
matter of the spinal cord; vesicular column of 
Clarke. 2. The anterior pyramidal tract. ^ 
Pyramidal tract. C.’s tongue, a tongue affected 
with syphilitic glossitis serosa. C.’s ulcer, a 
corroding ulcer of the neck of the uterus. 

Clark’s button. A modification of Murphy’s but¬ 
ton. C.’s sign, loss of hepatic dulness seen in 
inflammations of the peritoneum, and due to in¬ 
testinal perforation allowing distention of the 
peritoneal sac with gas. 

clas-mat'o-cyte. A large connective*tissue cell ex¬ 
hibiting a tendency to split up in pieces. [< 
Kkdapa piece broken off + /cbrof cell.] tclas-mat‘- 
o-cy-to'sis, the splitting up of clasmatocytes. 
clasp. In dentistry, a piece of spring metal, usually 
platinous gold, adjusted to three sides of a tooth, 
with one or both ends free, for supporting dentures 
or other apparatus worn in the mouth, 
clasp'sknife extension or rigidity. The action of the 
legs when in the process of extension they are 
rigid, but spring or fly spasmodically into their 
new position, like the blade of a jack*knife: 
due to increased reflex muscle*tension, originating 
in increased irritability of the cord. 
clas*si-fi-ca'tion. The systematic arrangement into 
classes, orders, etc., of natural productions and 
phenomena, including the diseases of the animal 
body. ly Bertillon’s c.; BNA. 


CLASTIC 


205 


CLEIDO 


clas'tic. Breaking up or causing separation into 
parts, as C. cells. [< Kkav to break.] 
clas'to-thrix. =Trichorrhexis nodosa. 
Clathrocys'tis. A genus of algous (or schizomyce- 
tous) micro-organisms, forming gelatinous, rose- 
colored colonies, and found in both salt and fresh 
water. They are believed to be capable of ren¬ 
dering fish unwholesome, if not poisonous. [< 
K?S/dpa lattice -|- Kvanq bag.] 
clau-di-ca'tion. Limping, Intermittent c. [< 
L. claudica'tio fr. claudica're to limp.] 

Clau'di -US’s cells. Large nucleated cells of the ear 
near the arches of Corti. 

clau'stral formation. The fifth or innermost layer 
of the gray matter of the cortex cerebri, 
claus-tro-phil'ia. Morbid fear of open places; 
kleisiophilia. [< L. claus'trum enclosure + (juAelv 
love.] 

claus-tro-pho'bi a. A peculiar form of mental dis¬ 
ease, in which there is a morbid fear of being shut 
up in an enclosed place; clethrophobia; kleisio- 
phobia. r®- Agoraphobia. [< L. c/aMs'/rwm en¬ 
closure -f (pofiog fear.] 

claus'trum*. Literally, “that which enclo.ses.’’ A 
thin lamina of gray matter, containing fusiform 
cells, outside the external capsule of the brain, 
separating it from the white matter of the island 
of Reil; stratum cinereum; nucleus taeniaeformis. 
[< L. clau'dere to enclose.] 
clau-su'ra. A state of imperforation or abnormal 
closure. [L., “closure.”] 

cla'va. An enlargement of the funiculus gracilis 
in the medulla oblongata, forming the lower lat¬ 
eral border of the posterior part of the fourth 
ventricle. [L., “stick.”] 

cla'vate. i. Relating to the clava. C. nucleus, a 
group of ganglion-cells within the clava of the 
brain on either side. C. process, a point on the 
posterior pyramid of the medulla oblongata, 
situated near the apex of the fourth ventricle. 
2. Shaped like a club. C. articulation = gom- 

PHOSIS. C. papilla = FUNGIFORM PAPILLA. C. 

stump, a typical hair stump in alopecia areata. 

C. suture = QUILLED SUTURE. 

cla-va'tion. =Gomphosis. [< L. cla'vus nail.] 
clav-e-li-za'tion. Inoculation with the virus of 
sheep-pox. [< F. claveUe sheep-pox.] 
cla'ves calva'riae. = Wormian bones. 

Clav'iceps. A genus of parasitic fungi infesting the 
seeds of various plants. C. purpu'rea is the 
essential element of common ergot. [< L. cla'va 
club -f ca'put head.] 

clav'i-Qle. The collar-bone; a bone shaped like 
the letter /, articulating internally with the 
sternum and first costal cartilage and externally 
with the scapula, and forming part of the pec¬ 
toral arch or shoulder-girdle; clavicula*. [< L. 
clavic'ula, dim. of cla'vis key.] fcla-vic'u-lax, as 
C. artery, a branch of the acromiothoracic artery 
distributed to the subclavius muscle; C. notch, a 
depression on each side of the upper part of the 
sternum, forming the articulating surface for the 
clavicle; incisura clavicularis*: C. region, the 
region on the surface of the chest just over the 
clavicle: and C. respiration, respiration in which 
the clavicle is brought into play and the 
shoulders are elevated: used by singers, 
cla-vic'u-lus. Any one of Sharpey’s fibres. [L., 
dim. of cla'vis key.] 

cla'vin. An active principle from ergot, GjiHjjNjO^; 
used like ergotin but does not cause spasms or 
toxic effects. 


clav-i-pec'to-ral fascia. A thin, fascial membrane 
forming the sheath of the pectoralis major, 
attached to the clavicle above and uniting with 
the axillary fascia below. C. region, the region 
just below and just above the clavicle, 
clav'ism. = Ergotism. [< L. c/a'vM5 nail, also er¬ 
got of rye.] 

cla’vo-mas-toi'de us. =Cleidomastoideus. 
cla'vus. I. A corn, or horny, round, cutaneous 
formation, the effect of continued pressure, gen¬ 
erally on the prominent parts of the toes, cs- 
Callosity. 2. ClavuS hystericus. 3. Condyloma 
of the uterus. 4. A tubercle on the white of the 
eye. C. hyster'icus, a painful sensation in the 
head, usually along the sagittal suture, as if a 
nail were being driven in: seen especially in 
hysterical patients. C. of the medulla = clava. 
C. oc'uli, staphyloma. C. seca'lis, ergot of rye. 
C. syphilit'icus, a flat, homy growth on the hand 
or foot; believed to be of syphilitic origin. [L., 
“ a nail.”] 

claw'sfoot. An affection of the foot similar to claw- 
hand; griffe des orteils (F.). 
claw'shand. A deformity of the hand in which the 
wrist is extended and the fingers are permanently 
flexed, while some of the muscles are atrophied; 
ntain-en^^griffe ( F.). There is usually some cen¬ 
tral nervous disease from paralysis, 
claw'ssick-ness. A disease of animals; foot-rot. 
clay'spipe cancer. Epithelial cancer of the lip, due 
to the irritation of a pipe; smokers’ cancer, 
cleans'ings. = Lochia. 

clear sound. A percussion sound of a pure, un- 
muflfled tone, as distinguished from a dull sound, 
clear'ing agent or medium. = Clarifying agent. 

C. nuts, Strvchnos potatorum. 
clea'vage. i. = Segmentation. 2. The splitting of 
the enamel of the teeth. C. nucleus = segmenta¬ 
tion NUCLEUS. C. spindle = NUCLEAR SPINDLE, 
clea'vers. = Galium aparine. 

Clee'mann’s sign. The wrinkle which appears above 
the ligamentum patellae in fracture of the femur 
with shortening, and disappears when the shorten¬ 
ing is corrected by extension, 
cleft. I. A crack; fissure. (^Genital c. ; vis¬ 
ceral c. 2. Split; cloven. C. face = schisto- 
PROSOPIA. C. lip = HARELIP. C. palate, a con¬ 
genital defect of the palate, in which the roof of 
the mouth is cleft. It may affect either the hard 
or the soft palate, or both. It is sometimes 
associated with harelip, and more rarely with 
spina bifida. C. spine = schistorrhachis. C. 
sternum, congenital fissure of the sternum, due 
to faulty union of its primitive segments. 

Clegg’s method. A method for the cultivation of 
the bacillus of leprosy, 
clei-dag'ra. == Cleisagra. 

clei'dal. = Clavicular. [< K/e/f key, clavicle.] 
clei-dar-thri'tis. Gout in the clavicular region, 
clei-dar-throc'a-ce. Diseased condition of the cla¬ 
vicular joints. 

clei'do-. Denoting attachment to or connection 
with the clavicle; a combining form. [< K^eig, 
Kkeidog key, clavicle.] clei-do-cos'tal ligament 
= RHOMBOID LIGAMENT. — clei*do=ep-i-troch-le- 
a'ris, a muscle arising from the clavicular part 
of the deltoid and inserted into the internal 
condyle of the humerus.— clei-do-hy'oid muscle, 
an occasional muscle arising from the clavicle 
near the outer edge of the sternohyoid and in¬ 
serted into the body of the hyoid bone over the 
sternohyoid.— clei*do-mas-toi'de us, the posterior 


CLEISAGRA 


206 


CLIVOsOPIC ANGLE 


part of the sternocleidomastoideus muscle. — 
clei*do=oc-cip-i-ta'lis, an occasional muscle arising 
from the clavicle behind the sternomastoid and 
running upward to be inserted into the superior 
nuchal line of the occipital bone in front of the 
origin of the trapezius.— clei'doso'mo-hy-oi'de us, 
the omohyoid muscle.— clel-do-ster'nal, relating 
to the sternum and the clavicle; sternoclavicular. 
— clei-dot'o-my, the operation of dividing the 
clavicle of the child in dystocia, so as to permit 
of the passage of the shoulders. Embry¬ 
otomy. — clei-do-trip'sy, crushing of the fetal 
clavicle to facilitate delivery, 
clei-sag'ra. Gout in the articulation of the clavicles, 
clei-thro-pho'bia. =Claustrophobia. [dK^eiOpov 
a bolt -I- <j) 6 [ 3 og fear.] 

Clem'atis. A genus of apetalous ranunculaceous 
plants; virgin’s bower. C. flam'mula, C. rec'ta 
(upright virgin’s bower), and C. vital’ba, have 
acrid leaves which have been used as diuretics 
and diaphoretics. The last mentioned contains 
clem'a-tine, an alkaloid. [< Kk^pa tendril.] 
Clem'ens’s solution. Solution of arsenic bromide, 
used in diabetes. 

clep-to-ma'ni a. =Kleptomania. 
cler'gy-men’s sore throat. =Dysphonia clerico- 

RUM. 

ClerksMax'well’s experiment. The experiment of 
looking through a chromesalum solution, when a 
purplish spot is seen apparently in the solution, 
caused by the pigment of the macula lutea. 
cleth-ro-pho'bi a. = Claustrophobia. [< 
bar + (pojSog fear.] 

Clev'en-ger’s fissure. The inferior occipital fissure, 
click'ing rale. A sharp metallic rale heard during 
inspiration at the apex of a phthisical lung, 
cli-mac-te'ri a. = Menopause. 
cli-mac-ter'ic. A particular epoch of the ordinary 
term of life, marked by periods of seven years, at 
which the body is supposed to be peculiarly 
affected and to suffer considerable change; espe¬ 
cially, the MENOPAUSE or climacteric. The 

time at which menstruation begins is the men¬ 
strual climacteric. C. dentition, C. teething. 
C. disease, that sudden change which occurs in 
many instances of advanced life, generally at the 
grand climacteric, that is, about the end of the 
sixty sthird year. C. insanity, insanity dependent 
on derangement of the system occurring in con¬ 
nection with the menopause in women. C. teeth¬ 
ing, the production of teeth at a very late period 
of life (from the 63rd to 8ist year), after the loss 
of the permanent teeth. 

cli'mate. The peculiarities in temperature, quality 
of air, etc., with respect to which different coun¬ 
tries or regions differ from one another in their 
effects upon the health of those who inhabit them, 
[< L. cli'ma, fr. Kktpa region, clime, or climate.] 
fcli-mat'ic, pertaining to or caused by the cli¬ 
mate of a place, cli-ma-tol'o-gy, the science of 
climates. cli‘ma-to-ther'a-py, the use of the in¬ 
fluences of climate in the treatment of disease, 
cli'max. The period of the greatest intensity of an 
acute disease; acme. [< KlTpa^ a ladder.] 
climb'ing staffstree. =Celastrus scandens. 
Cling’s sign. = Gersuny’s sign. 
clin'ic. I. A clinical lecture, or the examination of 
patients before a class of students. 2. A class of 
students assembled to witness the examination 
and treatment of patients. [< kVivt] bed.] 
fclin'i-cal, as C. lectures, those delivered by 
medical attendants at the bedside: C. medicine 


or surgery, medicine or surgery studied and prac¬ 
tised at the bedside of the patient: and C. 
thermometer, a self»registering thermometer for 
taking the temperature. cli-ni'cian, clin'i-cist, 
a skilled clinical physician, 
cli-no-ceph'a-lus. A form of dolichocephalus, hav¬ 
ing the vertex of the head flattened or slightly 
hollow; saddle=head: due to'synostosis of the 
sphenoparietal suture. [ < kXlvij bed -t- Ke(paX^ 
head.] tdi-no-ceph'a-lism; cli-no-ceph'a-ly. cli- 
no-ceph'a-lous. 

cli-no-dac-tyl'i a. Congenital deviation of the pha¬ 
langes of the hand. [< kTilveiv to incline.] 
cli-nog'ra-phy. A method of recording clinical 
findings based on a system of lines and arbitrary 
characters, which indicate the principal symp¬ 
toms and topography of the disease in diagrams. 
[< KXivTf bed -1- ypdipeLV to write.] 
cli'noid. Resembling a bed: applied to four proc¬ 
esses of the sphenoid bone. C. plate, the pos¬ 
terior boundary of the pituitary fossa of the 
sphenoid; dorsum sellae. C. process, any one 
of the three paired processes on the upper 
surface of the sphenoid bone which bound the 
sella turcica: they are called the anterior, the 
middle, and the posterior clinoid processes. C. sinus 
= CIRCULAR SINUS. [< K7\.tv7] bed -I- EidoQ form.] 
cli-noi‘de-o-ca-rot'ic foramen. = Caroticoclinoid 

FORAMEN. 

cli-nol'o-gy. i. The study or doctrine of the de¬ 
cline of life, or of the changes in form, structure, 
and function which take place after an organism 
has passed its point of highest development. 2 . 
The science of beds, especially for the sick. [ < 
kTiiveiv to decline -1- Adyof discourse.] 
cli-nom'e-ter. A device for estimating the rota¬ 
tional capacity of the ocular muscles; torsi- 
ometer. [< k^lvelv to incline + pirpov measure.] 
cli-no-met'ric crystals. Crystals in which the angles 
made by the intersection of the axes are oblique 
the one to the other. 

cli'no-scope. An apparatus for measuring the tor¬ 
sion of the eyes when gazing at a fixed object. 
[< kVlvelv to incline -|- gkotteIv to view.] 
clipped speech. = Slurred speech. 
clis-e-om'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
angle which the axis of the female pelvis makes 
with the axis of the body. [< KViatg inclination 
+pETpov measure.] 

clith-ro-pho'bi a. = Claustrophobia. 
clit'i on. A craniometrical point situated at the 
middle of the anterior border of the clivus, 
clitoris* (clai'to-ris or ch't'o-rts). A small,^elon¬ 
gated, erectile body at the anterior angle of the 
vulva, resembling in its internal structure and its 
use the corpora cavernosa of the penis. C. crises, 
severe attacks of sexual excitement occurring 
in women in the first stages of tabes dorsalis. 
[< uTiELTopig, fr. k7i,eieiv to shut up, to enclose, be¬ 
cause concealed by the labia pudendi.] fcli-to- 
ral'gi a, pain in the clitoris, cli-to-ri-daux'e, en¬ 
largement of the clitoris, cli-to-ri-dec'to-my, 
surgical removal of the clitoris, cli'to-rism or 
clit'o-rism. i. Morbid enlargement of the cli¬ 
toris. 2. =Trib.\dism. cli-to-ri'tis, inflamma¬ 
tion of the clitoris, cli'to-ro-ma'ni a = nympho¬ 
mania. cli-to-rot'o-my, incision of the clitoris, 
cli-tor-rha'gi a, hemorrhage from the clitoris, 
cli'vis. =Declivis cerebelli. 
cli-vosop'ic angle. The angle included between a 
line from the clition to the basion and Meissner’s 
horizontal; angle of the clivus. 


CLIVUS 


207 


CNEMOSCOLIOSIS 


cli'vxis*. A slope. C. biumenba'chi, a sloping sur¬ 
face of the sphenoid bone, between the anterior 
lip of the foramen magnum and the crest of the 
dorsum sellae. [L.] 

clo-a'ca. I. The common opening in the foetus in 
which the wolffian, mullerian, and intestinal 
ducts open. 2. The opening in the involucrum 
of a necrosed bone which leads to the enclosed 
dead portion. 3. A malformation in which the 
bladder, rectum, and genitals have a common 
outlet. In birds, reptiles, certain fishes, etc., 
this condition is normal. 4. A sewer or privy. 
[L.] fclo-a'cal, as C. membrane, the thin ventral 
wall of the cloaca consisting of the opposed outer 
and inner germ^layers alone, no mesoblast inter¬ 
vening. [T[P.’07.] clo'a-cism, the passage of 
urine through the anus. 

Clonor'chis endem'icus and sinen'sis. Common Asi¬ 
atic varieties of liversflukes: until recently both 
species were known as Opisthor'chis sinen'sis 
(Dis'toma sinen'se). They are supposed to cause 
serious symptoms, as indigestion, ascites, oedema, 
and fatal cachexia. [^ 5 .’09.] 
clo'nus. An irregular convulsive movement or 
agitation of the muscles; a clonic spasm. m- 
Spasm. Cathodal opening and closure c., ts - 
CATHODAL. C. nictita'tio, rapid vibratory motion 
of the eyelids. C. pandicula'tio, stretching and 
yawning. [L., fr. kTiovo^ tumult, commotion.] 
tclon'ic, relating to clonus: applied to spasms in 
which contractions and relaxations are alternate, 
clo-nis'mus, a condition marked by a succession 
of clonic spasms. clo'no-graph, a device for 
recording clonic spasms, clo'no-spasm, clonic 
spasm. 

clop-e-ma'ni a. = Kleptomania. 

Cloquet’s angle (clo-cez). = Facial angle. C.’s 
canal = HYALOID canal. C.’s fascia, the areolar 
tissue closing the femoral ring ; the septum 
crurale. C.’s ganglion, a plexiform enlargement 
on the nasopalatine nerve lying within the an¬ 
terior palatine canal. C.’s hernia, a form of 
femoral hernia in which the hernia turns within 
and behind the femoral vessels, resting on the 
pectineus muscle; pectineal crural hernia. C.’s 
needlessign = Laborde’s sign. C.’s operation, 
circumcision by a cut at the side of the fraenum. 
C.’s pseudoganglion, a gangliondike swelling of 
the palatine branch of the nasopalatine nerve 
within the anterior palatine canal. [ < Hippolyte 
Cloquet, a French surgeon, 1787-1840.] 
close skein. The dense convolution of chromatin 
threads which occurs as one of the first stages of 
karyo kinesis. 

closed circuit, Circuit. C. dislocation, dis¬ 
location. C. fracture, a simple fracture. C. 
gland, a ductless gland. C. tuberculosis, tuber¬ 
culosis in which the bacilli are not exposed to the 
air. e^Open tuberculosis. 

Clostrid'ium, pi -ia. A genus of micro sorgani sms 
closely allied to Bacil'lus, but having its spores 
formed in characteristically enlarged rods. C. 
buty'ricum is active in the butyric acid fermenta¬ 
tion and in the forming of sauerkraut. [Dim. 
of K?.G)(jrpov spindle.] fclos-trid'i al, as C. nephri¬ 
tis, chronic nephritis said to be due to the presence 
of Clostrid'ia: marked by sleeplessness and ner¬ 
vousness, dyspepsia, dyspnoea, and albuminuria, 
clo'sure. The completing of an electric circuit. 
clot. A soft, coagulated, jellydike mass formed by 
the solidification of a liquid, as blood, lymph, or 
cream, Thrombus. Special varieties of clot 


are Ante==mortem(f^ post-mortem) , Blood, Chick- 
ENsFAT, CuRRANTsjELLY, DiSTAL, External {l 3 ~ 
internal). Heart, Internal, Laminated, Ma- 
RASMic or marantic, Muscle, Postsmortem, 
Proximal, Washed, and White. fclot'ty. 
clot'bur. e^Xanthium. 

clothes'slouse. The bodyslouse, Pedic'ulus cor'poris 
or P. vestimento'rum. 

clot'tage. The blocking up of a ureter with a clot 
in cases of haematuria from a crushed kidney, 
clou'dy swelling. A degenerative process in various 
tissues, characterized by swelling and a glandular 
and cloudy look; granular or parenchymatous 
degeneration. It is accompanied by albuminous 
infiltration, and often ends in fatty degeneration. 
The cells are swollen and their contents clouded. 
The name “ cloudy swelling” is also applied to a 
change which takes place in the protoplasm 
during the process of nutrition, 
clove. The calyx, or unexpanded flower, of Euge'- 
nia aromat'ica (caryophylla'ta) ; caryophyllus*. 
The clove is a warm, pungent, and highly stimulat¬ 
ing aromatic. It is sometimes employed to re¬ 
lieve nausea and vomiting, but is chiefly used to 
assist or modify the action of other medicines. 
Dose, 0.33 to 0.65 Gm. (5 to logrs.). [< C. cla'- 
vus nail or spike.] 

clove'shitch. A knot formed by a double loop 
folded over the end of a part: used in making 
traction on a dislocated limb, 
clo'ven spine. = Schistorrhachis. e^ Spina bif¬ 
ida. 

clo'ver. Trifolium. 

Clo'ver’s apparatus. An instrument for the admin¬ 
istration of chloroform or of ether and nitrous 
oxide. C.’s crutch, an apparatus arranged to 
hold a patient in lithotomy position. C.’s evacua- 
tor, an elastic bottle connected with a glass res¬ 
ervoir and a catheter, by means of which water 
is injected into the bladder and then sucked out 
again: used for washing out the bladder, espe¬ 
cially to remove small bits of stone, 
clown'ism. The performance of grotesque move¬ 
ments by hysterical patients, 
club moss. = Lycopodium*. 

clubbed fingers. Fingers with deformed knobslike 
ends. 

club'sf oot. = T A L IP E S. 

club'shand. A handsdeformity analogous to clubs 
foot; talipomanus. 

clump'ing. Agglutination. C. serum, one 

capable of producing agglutination of bacteria, 
clu'nes. The buttocks. [L.] 
clu'pe in. A protamine from the herring, 
clus'ters of Bruch. = Bruch’s clusters. 
cly'ers. = Actinomycosis. [TJ Dl. ’09.] 
cly'sis. A clyster, or its use or administration, 
clys'ma. = Clyster. 

clys'o-pompe. An apparatus for administering 
clysters, especially one with a continuous jet: 
corrupted to clyster-pump. [ F., fr. Kkvatq clyster 
-f TTEpTreiv to send.] 

clys'ter, clys-te'ri um. An injection into the rectum; 
an enema; a glyster. C.=pipe, the anal tube of 
an enema syringe. C.spump, clysopompe. 
[ < Klvl^ecv to wash away.] f clys'ter-ize. 

Cm. Abbr. for centimetre. 

cne'mis. The tibia or shin; the lower leg. [< 
Kvijin/ leg.] fcne'nii al. cne-mi'tis, inflammation 
of the tibia. 

cne'mo-sco-li-o'sis. Lateral bending of the leg. 
[ < KVTjfiT] leg -t- OKoVioGL^ obliquity.J 


CNESMOPOMPHOLYX 


208 


COCAINA 


cnes-mo-pom'pho-lyx. Pompholyx with intense itch¬ 
ing. [< Kvijafidg itching -|- pompholyx.] 
cnes'mos, cnes'mus. = Prurigo. 

Cni'cus benedic'tus, or Centau'rea benedic'ta. 
Blessed thistle, a composite plant, regarded as 
“blessed” on account of its medicinal virtues. 
It and several other plants yield cni'cin, a crys- 
tallizable, bitter principle, C42H5gOj5: used as an 
antiperiodic, tonic, and diaphoretic, 
cni-do'sis. i. Nettle-rash; urticaria. 2. An itch¬ 
ing sensation. [< nettle.] 

cnis'ma. An itching sensation; a scratching. [Gr.] 

CO. CARBON MONOXIDE. CO2, CARBON DIOXIDE. 

Co. Chemical symbol of cobalt. 

CO-. = Con-. 

coach. One who tutors and quizzes a student who 
is behind in his studies. 

coach'men’s cramp. Spasm of the palmar fascia, 
sometimes seen in coachmen, 
co-ag-men-ta'tion. =Gomphosis. 
co-ag'u-la. Plural of coagulum. 
co-ag-u-la'tion. i. The process of changing into a 
clot, or the state of being so changed. 2. A clot. 

Phlebitis; thrombosis. C. necrosis = coag- 
ULATivE NECROSIS. [ < L. coagula'Ho fr. coagu- 
la're to curdle.] f co-ag'u-la-ble, having the 
property of coagulation, as C. = lymph- 

plasma. co-ag'u-lant, having the power of coag¬ 
ulating, as a remedy. co-ag'u-la-ted, as C. 
albuminoids or proteids, a class of proteids 
formed by heating the neutral or slightly acid 
solutions of albumins and globulins. By the 
action of the gastric juice or the pancreatic juice 
they are changed into peptones, co-ag'u-la-ting, 
as C- gland, a gland found in the sheath of the 
seminal vesicles of the rat and guinea-pig, and 
furnishing a coagulating ferment to the vesicular 
secretion. [Walker,/. B. ’ 10.] co-ag'u-la-tive, 
as C. necrosis, a variety of necrosis in which 
a relatively small part of some organ or tissue 
is deprived of the afflux of blood, as if its vessels 
had been plugged by coagula. The cells of the 
necrosed part lose their nuclei and their normal 
form and volume. It has been conjectured to be 
the work of some localized ferment and is char¬ 
acterized by the formation of fibrin, co-ag-u- 
lom'e-ter, an instrument for determining the 
rapidity of coagulation. 

co-ag'u-lin. A substance formed in the animal 
body, when solutions or mixtures of proteids are 
injected, which causes coagulation of cell-fluids, 
co-ag'u-lose. Any enzyme-coagulated proteose, 
co-ag'u-lum, pi. -la. = Clot. [L.] 
co-a-les'cence. Concretion; the act of growing to¬ 
gether; the union of parts previously separated; 
blending or growing together, as of fingers or 
foetuses. [< L. coales'cere to grow together.] 
co-a-li'tion, the growing of one thing to another, 
coal'sgas. The gas produced by the destructive 
distillation of coal: largely made up of carbu- 
retted hydrogen and oxide of carbon. 
coal'=mi-ners’ disease. = Anthracosis. 
coal'soil. = Petroleum. 

coal'star. A dark-colored, tarry substance, a prod¬ 
uct of the dry distillation of bituminous coal. 
From it are derived many valuable commodities 
and medicines, as aniline, anthracene, etc. C. 
creosote, es* creosote. C. saponin, a mixture of 
coal-tar and tincture of soap*bark. 
co-ap-ta'tion. The fitting together of the ends 
of a fractured boqe. Reposition. C. splints, 
small splints placed around a limb at the point 


of fracture to secure coaptation of the fragments. 
C. suture, one which is intended to unite or coap- 
tate rather than relieve tension. [< h. co for con 
together -f- apta're to fit.] 

co-arc-ta'tion. i. A straightening or pressing to¬ 
gether : applied to strictures of the intestine or 
urethra, etc. 2. Stenosis of the aortic arch. 
[< L. coarcta'tio, fr. coarcta're to tighten or 
straighten.] fco-arc'tate, as C. retina, a funnel- 
shaped condition of the retina, caused by the ac¬ 
cumulation of fluid between the retina and the 
choroid, co-arc-tot'o-my, the cutting of a stric¬ 
ture, especially of the urethra, 
coarse. Not fine; not microscopic. C. injection, 
an anatomical injection in which the injected 
material enters only the large vessels: contrasted 

with FINE INJECTION. C. lesion = MACROSCOPIC 
LESION. C. muscles, those that do the coarse or 
routine work of the body; the static muscles, or 
those which hold the body erect; those muscles 
which are not richly or finely innervated, 
co-ar-tic-u-la'tion. = Abarticulation ; synar¬ 
throsis. [< L. cow together-|- articulation.] 
coat. A membrane or other structure covering or 
lining an organ or a part; tunica*. e^Buffy 
coat. [ < Late L. cot'ta tunic.] fcoat'ed, as C. 
tongue, a tongue covered with a dirty white or 
yellowish coating composed largely of effete 
epithelial cells, usually seen in disturbed diges¬ 
tion or febrile states, coat'ing, a covering, as of 
sugar, gelatin, collodion, or gold-leaf, used in the 
preparation of pills so as to conceal their taste, 
coat'ssleeve amputation. Circular amputation with 
the skin-flap made very long, and closed by 
drawing together with a tape, 
co'balt. A metallic element generally found in 
combination with arsenic: at. wt., 58.56; sp. gr., 
8.52; symbol, Co. It is unaltered in air and 
water at ordinary temperatures, and is one of the 
few metals that are attracted by the magnet. 
Several compounds of cobalt are employed as 
pigments. C. aurate membrane, goldbeaters’ skin 
prepared with a solution of cobalt chloride, gold 
chloride, water, and oil of cassia: used to produce 
granulation of wounds. C. oxide has been used 
in rheumatism. It is also emetic in dose of 
0.65 to 1.3 Gm. (10 to 20 grs.). [< L. cohal'tum: 
Ger. Kohold a goblin or demon; so called because 
its discovery was regarded by miners as unfavor¬ 
able to the presence of more valuable metals.] 
cob'blers’ suture. A suture made by a thread 
armed with two needles. 

co'bra di capel'lo. e^ Naja. C.^^lecithide, a combi¬ 
nation product of the haemolytically active senim 
component with lecithin. J. H. B. ’10.] 
cob'web. The web of various species of the spider ;ara- 
neum: used as a moxa and as a styptic. C. brain, 
a brain showing marked shrinkage (atrophy) with 
dense connective tissue formation over the con¬ 
volutions. [H J.A. M.A. ij. ’10.] 
co'ca*. The dried leaves of Eryihrox'ylon co'ca La¬ 
marck (Fam. Erythroxyla'cece), known commer¬ 
cially as Huanucococa, or of E. truxillen'se Rusby, 
known commercially as Truxillo coca, yielding 
when assayed according to the U. S. P. process 
not less than 0.5% of the ether-soluble alkaloid 
of coca. It is not to be used as a substitute for 
tea, coffee, and tobacco, as it may produce co- 
CAiNiSM. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). e^ Cocaine; 
FLUIDEXTRACTUM COC^*. 

cocai'na*, genitive -ncB. = Cocaine. Cocai'nae 
hydrochlo'ras, the 1890 U. S. P. name for cocain.® 


COCAINE 


209 


COCCYGEAL 


HYDROCHLORIDUM*. Cocai'nae hydrochlo'ridum*, 
the neutral hydrochloride of cocaine, Cj7H2iN04- 
HCl; cocainae hydrochloras of the 1890 U. S. P. 
It occurs in colorless, transparent crystals or as 
a white, crystalline powder. Used as a local an¬ 
aesthetic in a 2 to 10% solution, and in Schleich’s 
“infiltration” method in much smaller propor¬ 
tions (i to 1000 or even i to 10,000). Internal 
dose, 0.03 Gm. gr.). 

cocaine (c6'ce-in or co'cen). i. An alkaloid, Cj^- 
H21NO4, derived from several varieties of coca; 
methylbenzoylecgonine; cocaina*. It is bitterish, 
and forms colorless prisms not freely soluble in 
water. It is a very valuable local anaesthetic, 
and has stimulant followed by narcotic action. 
K^CocAiNiSM, Applied to mucous membranes 
it produces local anaesthesia and local anaemia by 
constricting the vessels, and in the eye it produces 
slight paralysis of accommodation and dilatation 
of the pupillary opening. Its hydrochloride is 
much used in medicine and surgery. The ben¬ 
zoate, borate, citrate, formate, hydrobromide, ni¬ 
trate, oleate, phenate, salicylate, and other com¬ 
pounds have also been more or less employed. 
Dose, 0.03 Gm. (J gr-)- disks, gelatin disks 
containing gr. of cocaine hydrochloride each. 
C. habit = cocAiNiSM. C. hydrochloride = co¬ 
caine HYDROCHLORIDUM*. 2. = ThEOBROMINE. 

co-ca-in'i-dine. Methylcocaine, CJ8H23NO4, an alka¬ 
loid from coca: similar to cocaine but feebler in 
action. 

co'ca-in-ism. The morbid habit of mind and body 
caused by the continued use of cocaine as a 
stimulant or a narcotic. It is marked by nervous 
excitement, inability to make mental efforts, 
lack of appetite, loss of moral sense, sleeplessness, 
loss of weight, etc. ([^Morphinism, fco'ca-in- 
ist, one addicted to the use of cocaine. 

co-ca-in-i-za'tion. The bringing of the system or 
of a part under the influence of cocaine, as for 
purposes of anaesthetization. Corning’s 

METHOD, fco'ca-in-ize. 

co'ca-in-o-ma'ni a. =Cocainism. tco'ca-in-o-ma'- 


C3oH6o(OH)2, 


ob- 


ob- 


m-ac. 

co'ca-mine. IsotropyUcocaine, CjgHjgNO^, an amor¬ 
phous alkaloid from coca; truxilline. 
co-ca-py'rine. An antiseptic and analgesic mixture 
of cocaine (i part) and antipyrine (100 parts), 
co-ca-tan'nic acid. A variety of tannic acid found 
in coca leaves. 

coc-ce'rin. A white wax, C3oHgo(C3iH8i03)2, 
tained from the cochineal insect, 
coc-ce'ryl alcohol. An alcohol, 
tained by the saponifi¬ 
cation of coccerin. 
coc'ci. The plural of 
coccus. 

Coccidio'des immi'tis. A 

species of protozoan 
parasites: said to cause 
pseudotuberculosis of 
the skin. 

Coccid'ium, pi. -ia. A 
genus of animal micros 
organisms, nearly re¬ 
lated to Gregari'na. 

One species (C. ovifor'- 

me) is reported to have been found in the human 
liver and intestinal epithelium. C. cunic'ult is 
found in the liver, and C. per'forans in the intes¬ 
tine. [Dim. of KdKKog grain.] fcoc-cid'ial. coc- 
cid-i-o'sis, the morbid condition due to Coccid'ia. 

14 





Intestinai. Coccidiosis in 
Rabbit. 


coc-cil-la'na. ^Guarea swartzi. 
coc-ci-nel'la. The cochineal insect; cochineal. &• 
Coccus*, def. 2. It contains coc-ci-nel'lin = car- 

MIN. 

Coccinel'la. h. genus of coleopterous insects; the 
ladysbird or lady-bug. C. septempuncta'ta, the 
ladysbug. This insect, if bruised upon an aching 
tooth, was formerly supposed to be a cure for it. 
[L., dim. of coc'cus berry.] 

Coccin'ia in'dica. A cucurbitaceous climbing shrub, 
a native of India, bearing a red fruit. The leaves 
and other parts are used in medicine. 
coc*co-ba-cil'lus. A micro ^organism intermediate 
in form between a bacillus and a micrococcus. 
coc*co-bac-teTi a. A name including all forms of 
bacteria. [< k 6 kko(; berry -f j 3 aKT?jpiov rod.] 
coc-co-gen'ic or coc-cog'e-nous sycosis, Sycosis. 
coc-co-gloe'a. =Zo6glcea. [ < kokko^ herry + yXola 
glue.] 

coc-cog'nin. A crystalline substance, C20H22O8, 
obtained from the seeds of Daph'ne meze'reum: 
probably the same as daphnin. 

Coccol'oba uvif'era. Sea^side grape, a polygona- 
ceous tree of the West Indies, containing an 
astringent extract, called Jamaica kino. 
coc-cos'te-o-phyte. A warty osteophyte, 
coc'cu-lin. = Picrotoxin. 

Coc'culus. A genus of menispermaceous plants. C. 
in'dicus, the berries of Anamir'ia coc'culus. Their 
kernels are whitish and oily, have an intensely 
bitter taste, and contain coc'cu-lin = picrotox¬ 
in. Cocculus indicus is an acrosnarcotic poison. 
As a medicine it is never administered internally, 
but an ointment of the powdered berries has been 
used in cutaneous diseases. C. palma'tus = Jate- 
ORHiZA PALMATA. [L., dim. of coc'cus berry.] 
Coc'cus*, pi. -ci. I. A genus of insects. C. ax'inus, 
cr-AXiN. C. infecto'rius, the insect which produces 
the kermes berries or grains. C.lac'ca, the insect 
which by stinging the bark of certain trees causes 
the resin known as lac to exude. 2. The U. S. P. 
name for cochineal, the dried female insect, 
Pseudococ'cus cac'ii. The cochineal insect is a 
native of Mexico, Central America, etc., and feeds 
on plants of the cactus family. 3. One of the 
spherical or spheroidal isolated cells of certain 
bacteria, as of the genera Micrococcus, Strepto¬ 
coccus, etc. [< KOKKog grain; also an insect.] 
coc-cy-al'gi a, -dyn'i a. = Coccyodynia. 
coc-cyg'eal, -ean. Relating to the coccyx. C. 
artery, a small branch of the sciatic artery dis¬ 
tributed to the integument of the sacrum and 
coccyx. C. body = C. gland. C. cornua, two 
processes, one on either side of the base of the 
coccyx, for the attachment of the posterior sacro¬ 
coccygeal ligament; cornua coccygea*. C. gan¬ 
glion = GANGLION iMPAR. C. gland or glomeru¬ 
lus, a body about the size of a pea situated in 
front of the tip of the coccyx; gland of Luschka. 
It is composed of a tuft of vessels derived from 
the middle sacral artery, and is plentifully sup¬ 
plied with nerves. C. muscle = coccygeus, 
def. 2. C. nerve, a nerve rising from the coccyg¬ 
eal plexus and distributed to the coccygeus 
and gluteus maximus; nervus coccygeus"^. C. 
plane, the fourth parallel plane of the pelvis. 

Parallel planes. C. plexus, a nerve plexus 
situated on the dorsal surface of the coccyx and 
at the caudal end of the sacrum; plexus coccyg¬ 
eus*. It is derived from tjie fourth and fifth 
sacral nerves and the coccygeal nerve; its ante¬ 
rior and posterior branches are distributed re- 



COCCYGECTOMY 


210 


CODE OF MEDICAL ETHICS 


spectively to the hypogastric plexus and the 
skin. C. presentation = breech presentation. 
C. vertebrae, vertebra. 
coc-cy-gec'to-my. Excision of the coccyx. [ < L. 

coc'cyx + EKToyLi] excision.] 
coc’cy-ge-rec'tor. = Extensor coccyois. 
coc-cyg'eus. i. Belonging to the coccyx; coccyg¬ 
eal. 2. A thin muscle arising from the spine of 
the ischium and the small sacrosciatic ligament 
and inserted into the border of the coccyx and 
the side of the sacrum; musculus coccygeus*. It 
lifts the coccyx and aids in forming the pelvic 
diaphragm or floor. [< L. coc'cyx.] 
coc-cy-gex-ar-thre'sis. Dislocation of the coccyx. 

[< KOKKV^ coccyx -t- k^dpdprjaLg dislocation.] 
coc-cy-go-ceph'a-lus. A monster with a head like a 
cuckoo’s bill. [< kSkkv^ cuckoo + KSipaX?/ head.] 
coc*cy-go-dyn'i a. =Coccyodynia. 
coc-cy-got'o-my. Excision of the coccyx. 
coc*cy-o-dyn'i a. Pain in the coccyx, occurring 
especially in women. 

coc-cy-pu'bic diameter. The anteroposterior diam¬ 
eter of the pelvic outlet; the diameter from the 
tip of the coccyx to the sub pubic ligament, 
coc'cyx. The small triangular bone appended to 
the point of the sacrum; os coccygis*. [ < k 6 kkv^ 
cuckoo, because like its bill.] 

Coch. Abbr. for L. cochlea're, spoonful, 
co'chi a pills. Compound pills of colocynth. 
co'chin leg. Elephantiasis of the leg. 
Co'chinsChi'na diarrhoea. A form of diarrhoea due 
to Strongyloi'des intestina'lis. C. ulcer, Ori¬ 
ental SORE. 

cochineal (cotsh'i-ml or cotsh-i-nTl'). The Coc'cus 
{Pseudococ'cus) cac'ii, or cochineal insect, brought 
from South America as a reddish grain, Coc¬ 
cus*. Cochineal is some¬ 
times used for whooping= 
cough and other nervous 
affections. In pharmacy 
it is used to color tinc¬ 
tures, ointments, etc. It 
affords a purple^red col¬ 
oring matter, called car- 
minic acid, and the red 
pigments, carmin and 
lake. Dose of tincture 
(i to 8 of diluted alcohol), 

1.3 to 2 Cc. (20 to 30 Cochineal. —a. Male, 
mins.) ; dose m substance, b. Female. 

0.02 Gm. gr.). [< Sp. 

cochinilla, the name of the insect, signifying 
wood*louse.] 

Cochl. ampl., Cochl. mag. Abbrs. for L. cochlea're 
am'plum and cochlea're mag'num, a “ table=spoon.” 
coch'le a*. A conical cavity of the internal ear, 
situated in front of the vestibule, its base corre¬ 
sponding to the internal auditory meatus and its 
apex facing outward, forward and downward. 
There is an axis (modiolus or columella) around 
which turns the spiral canal, containing the coch¬ 
lear branch of the auditory nerve. [< L.,“ snail* 
shell.”] fcoch-le-i'tis. 

coch'le ar. Pertaining to the cochlea. C. aperture 
= FENESTRA ROTUNDA. C. aquedUCt = AQU^DUC¬ 
TUS COCHLEA. C. artery, a branch of the inter¬ 
nal auditory artery distributed to the cochlea. 
C. canal, the triangular space included between 
the membrane of Reissner and the basilar mem¬ 
brane of the cochlea. C. duct, the middle one of 
the three passages within the cochlea; scala 
media; ductus cochlearis^. C. fossa = C. recess. 


C. ganglion = SPIRAL ganglion. C. nerve, a 
branch of the auditory nerve distributed to the 
cochlea. It is probably the true nerve of hear¬ 
ing. C. recess = RECESsus gochlearis*. 
cochlea're. A spoonful. [L.] 

Cochlea'ria. A genus of cruciferous plants. C. 
armora'cia, the horseradish plant, whose root 
{armoracicB radix) is pungent and powerfully stim¬ 
ulant. C. oflScina'lis, scurvy*grass, an antiscor¬ 
butic, stimulant, diuretic, and deobstruent, 
coch-le-ar'i-form. Formed like a spoon. C. proc¬ 
ess, a thin plate of bone separating the tensor 
tympani muscle from the eustachian tube; pro¬ 
cessus cochlear if or mis*. [ < L. cochlea're spoon -f 
for'ma form.] 

coch-le-a'ris muscle. =Ligamentum spirale. 
coch-le-ar-thro'sis. A screw*joint; a joint in which 
the surfaces move sidewise a little when they 
glide round each other. [< L. co'chlea snail + ar¬ 
throsis.] 

coch'le-o-ves-tib'u-lar. Relating to the cochlea and 
the vestibule. 

coch-U'tis, coch-le-i'tis. Inflammation of,the cochlea, 
co-cil-la'na bark. The bark of Sycocar'pus rus'byi 
of Bolivia, resembling ipecacuanha in action. 
Dose of fi. ext., 0.6 to 1.3 Cc. (10 to 20 mins.), 
co-cin'ic acid. An acid, CjaHggOj, found in cocoa- 
nut butter; cocostearic acid, 
co'ci-nin. A fatty principle from cocoanut oil. 
cock'eye. A squinting eye. 

cock'le-burr. i. =Xanthium canadense. 2. = 
Agrimony. 

cock'roach. ts- Blatta; Periplaneta. Four spe¬ 
cies are commonly found in America, the Ori¬ 
ental c. (“black beetle” of England), Peri- 
plane'ta orienta'lis; the “Croton bug” or Ger¬ 
man c., Ecto'bia german'ica; the Australian c., 
Periplane'ta australa'sice; and the American c., ^ 
Periplane'ta america'na. 

Cock’s peculiar tumor. A neglected sebaceous cyst 
of the scalp which has ulcerated and simulates 
an epithelioma. C.’s urethrotomy or operation, 
opening of the urethra through the perineum 
without a guide behind an impervious stricture, 
cock’sscomb ulcer. An ulcer with condylomatous 
outgrowths. 

cocoa (c6'c6). i. The roasted, husked, and crushed 
seeds of Theobro'ma caca'o, containing about 
50% of oil, 15% of proteids, and 0.5 to 1% of 
theobromine. C.sbutter = oleum theobroma- 
Tis*. 2. A tropical palm*tree. Cocoanut. 
co'coanut. The fruit of Co'cos nucif'era, a species 
of palm. It is an important article of food, and 
yields a valuable oil (C. oil) which has been 
used as a substitute for cod*liver oil in phthisis. 
The sap of the tree (partly fermented) is a pop¬ 
ular beverage, called toddy, or palm wine, 
co-co-ma'ni a. =Cocainism. 

co-coso'le in. A proprietary preparation, said to be 
the liquid part of cocoanut oil: used as a sub¬ 
stitute for cod*liver oil. 
co'co-ste-ar'ic acid. =Cocinic acid. 
coc'tion. I. The process of boiling. 2. The proc¬ 
ess of reducing the aliment to chyle; digestion. 
[< L. co'quere, coc'tum to cook, to digest.] 
co-dam'ine. An alkaloid, C20H25NO4, from opium. 
Cod'ding-ton lens. A spherical lens surrounded by 
a deep groove which is filled with opaque matter. 
Code of medical ethics. A series of regulations 
adopted at one time and another by the Ameri¬ 
can Medical Association defining the duties of phy¬ 
sicians to each other, to their patients and to the 



CODEINA 


211 


COFFER DAM 


public, and of the obligations of patients to their 
physicians, ts- Principles of medical ethics. 
co-de-i'na*, gen.-wd?. = Codeine. Codei'nae phos’’'- 
phas*, codeine phosphate. Dose, 0.03 Gm. {\ gr.). 
Codei'nae sul'phas*, codeine sulphate. Dose, 0.03 
Gm. gr.). 

co'de ine. An alkaloid, CjgHgjNOg+ H2O, obtained 
from opium or prepared from morphine by methy- 
lation; methylmorphine; codeina*. It occurs in 
white or yellowishswhite, more or less translu¬ 
cent, rhombic prisms, somewhat efflorescent in 
warm air, and having a slightly bitter taste. It 
is used chiefly in the forms of the phosphate and 
sulphate. It has narcotic and calmative properties 
similar to, but weaker than, those of morphine: 
used in cough, pain in the intestines, and diabetes 
mellitus. Dose, 0.03 Gm. (^- gr.). [</cudem the 

poppy shead.] 

co'dex. An approved collection of medical formulae, 
specifically the pharmacopoeia of France, 
cod'sliv-er oil or cod'fish oil. = Oleum morrhu.®*. 
co'do-cele. = Bubo. [ < KG)6eia head -\-Kifk7} tumor.] 
cod-ren'in. A dental anaesthetic and haemostatic, 
each Cc. of which is said to contain 0.02 Gm. 
cocaine hydrochloride and 0.00006 Gm. adrenalin 
hydrochloride. 

co-ef-fi'cient. In chemistry, a figure placed before 
a term or chemical formula to indicate how many 
times one must multiply the term. C. of partage, 
a number expressing the ratio between the quan¬ 
tity of an acid absorbed by ether from an aque¬ 
ous solution of the acid and the quantity remain¬ 
ing in solution: often indicated by the symbol c'. 
coe-la'ri um. The membrane lining the coelom or 
bodyscavity; ccelomsepithelium; mesothelium. 
It is divided into a parietal layer, or exocoelarium, 
and a visceral layer, or endoccelarium. [< L., fr. 
K.di'kog hollow.] 

-coele, =-CELE. 

coe-lel-min'tha. A group of entozoic worms, in¬ 
cluding those which have a digestive cavity, 
coe-len'te-ron. = Archenteron, def. i. 
coe'lia. i. The belly, especially the lower portion; 
also the stomach; any cavity of the body. 2. A 
cavity of the brain or of the spinal cord; a ven¬ 
tricle of the brain. [< Koikia belly, fr. /coZAof 
hollow.] 

coe'li ac. Belonging to the belly. C. artery or axis, 
a thick branch given off from the abdominal 
aorta; arteria coeliaca*. It gives rise to the 
gastric, hepatic, and splenic arteries. C. flux, a 
chronic flux in which the aliment is discharged 
half digested. C. ganglion, the semilunar gan¬ 
glion. C. gland, any one of the lymphatic glands 
on the abdominal aorta. C. palpitation, palpita¬ 
tion of the abdominal aorta. C. parotitis, a rare 
form of parotitis which may occur after opera¬ 
tions on, or diseases of, the abdominal viscera. 
C. passion = C. flux. C. plexus, a portion of the 
solar plexus, surrounding the coeliac axis and 
dividing into the splenic, hepatic, and coronary 
plexuses; plexus coeliacus*. [< noiXia belly.] 
coe-li'a-ca. i. Diseases of the digestive organs. 
2. Medicines which act on those organs. [ L., 
neuter pi. of coelia'cus.\ 

coe-li'a-cin. Prepared mesenteric glands of sheep: 

used in scleroderma. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 
coe-li-a-del'phus. A monstrosity in which two 
bodies are united at the abdomen. [< noLkia 
belly -}- ddE^(j) 6 g brother.] fcoe-li-a-del'phi a. 
coe-li-ae'mi a. Plethora of the abdominal vessels, 
cce-li-ag'ra. Gout in the abdomen. 


coe-li-al'gi a. Pain in the belly. 

coe'li an. Relating to a coelia or brain*cavity. C. 

parietes, the walls of a ventricle, 
coe-li-ec'to-my. The excision of an abdominal organ. 
Inferior c., coeliectomy through the pelvic orifices. 
Posterior c., coeliectomy through the lumbar re¬ 
gion. [< /coi/lm belly-h excision.] 

coe-li-i'tis. =Coelitis. 

coe'li-o-. Relating to the abdomen or belly: a 
combining form. [< KoiX'ia belly.] coe'li-o-cele, 
abdominal hernia.— coedi-o-cy-e'sis, extra^uterine 
pregnancy occurring in the abdomen.— coe-U-o- 
dyn'i a, pain in the abdomen.— coedi-o-gas-trot'- 
o-my, opening of the stomach through an abdom¬ 
inal section.— coedi-o-hys-te-rec'to-my, excision 
of the uterus by an abdominal section.— coe'li-o- 
lymph, the cerebrospinal fluid.— coeffl-o-my-al'- 
gi a, pain in the abdominal muscles.— coe-li-on'- 
cus, a hard abdominal tumor.— cce'li-o-pa-ra- 
cen-te'sis, paracentesis or tapping of the abdo¬ 
men.— ccedi-o-py-o'sis, suppuration in the ab¬ 
dominal cavity.— coe-li-or-rhoe'a. i. A discharge 
from the abdomen. 2. Diarrhoea.— cce-li-os'chi- 
sis, congenital fissure of the abdomen.— coe-li-o- 
spas'mus, abdominal cramp.— coe'li-o-steg-no'sis, 
costiveness due to stricture of the rectum or 
impaction of the faeces, Colpocceliotomy ; 
laparotomy. — coe-li-ot'o-my, abdominal section; 
surgical opening of the abdominal cavity, as Vag¬ 
inal c., coeliotomy through the vault of the vagina, 
coe'lo-. Hollow: a combining form. [< koiXo^ 
hollow.] coe-lo-blas'tu-la, a hollow blastula.— 
coe-lo-gas'tru-la, a gastrula with a blastopore 
opening into a blastocele. — cce-lo-me'le, a 
grooved probe.— coedo-phle-bi'tis, inflammation 
of the vena cava descendens.— coe-loph-thal'mi a, 
hollowness of the eyes.— coe'lo-scope, an incan¬ 
descent electric light adapted for illuminating 
the cavities of the body.— coe-los'to-my, a hollow 
quality of the voice. 

coe'lom, coe-lo'ma. The body^cavity in the embryo; 
the space between the splanchnopleure and the 
somatopleure: from it arise the great cavities of 
the trunk and some minor ones. C.sepithelium 
= ccELARiUM. [</£0 </l6)/^a a cavity.] 
cce-naes-the'si a. The general feeling of conscious¬ 
ness in the entire body; consciousness of ex¬ 
istence. [ < Koivdg common - 1 - alad?]( 7 ig perception.] 
coe'no-blast. = Blastoderm. [</coip6f common.] 
Coenu'rus cerebra'lis. The larval stage of Tce'nia 
ccenu'rus: found in the brain of sheep, and caus¬ 
ing marked vertigo; gid; staggers, 
coe-ru'lein. =C.<erulein. 
coeru'leus mor'bus. = Cyanosis. 
cof'fee. The seeds of Cof'fea ara'bica, a tree from 
15 to 30 feet in height, growing native in south¬ 
ern Arabia and Abyssinia, and cultivated exten¬ 
sively in Java, Ceylon, and other parts of the 
East Indies, also in South America, Mexico, and 
the West India Islands. The seeds contain about 
0-75% caffeine. The infusion of the roasted 
seeds (coffee) has been used with beneficial results 
in cases of poisoning with opium and in de¬ 
pressed circulation, as in chronic asthma, 
Caffeine. C.=grounds vomit, darkscolored vomit 
consisting of broken-down blood and stomachic 
contents: often seen in cancer of the stomach. 
C.sspoonful, holds about a quarter of a teaspoon¬ 
ful. C.stree = Rhamnus californica. [< L. 
caf'fea or cof'fea.] fcof'fe-in-ism, the morbid 
condition resulting from excessive use of coffee, 
coffer dam. = Rubber dam. 


COFFEURIN 


212 


COLD 


cof-fe-u'rin. A substance said to have been found 
in the urine after free use of coffee. [ < Coffee 
+ ovpov urine.] 

Cof'fey’s method. An intraperitoneal method of 
shortening the round ligament, 
cof'fin bone. The third phalanx of a horse’s foot, 
cof'finslid crystals. =Knifesrest crystals. 
cognac (con'yac). Brandy prepared in the district 
of Cognac, France. 

cog'swheel respiration. = Interrupted respira¬ 
tion. 

co-hab-i-ta'tion. In medical jurisprudence, the 
dwelling together of two persons of opposite 
sexes, including the habit of venereal congress, 
with or without marriage. [< L. co for con 
together + hahita're to dwell.] 

Co'hen’s method. A method of inducing premature 
labor by injecting water between the fetal mem¬ 
branes and the uterine wall, 
co-he'sion. Attraction which unites the molecules 
of homogeneous bodies; the power by which the 
particles of the same body adhere to one another. 
C. figure, a figure formed by a drop of oil placed 
on water. [< L. co for con together-|-/nrrc'rc to 
stick.] fco-he'rent, as C. smallpox, variola. 
Cohn'heim’s activator, Pancreas. C.’s areas or 
fields, dark spaces outlined by a bright substance, 
seen on cross-section of a muscle-fibre. The dark 
spaces (sarcostyles) are sections of muscle-col¬ 
umns, and the light substance is the sarcoplasm. 
C.’s frog = SALT-FROG. C.’s terminal arteries, 
small arteries forming the terminations of the 
ganglionic and the cortical arteries at the base 
of the brain. C.’s theory, the theory that tumors 
are due to the abnormal development of certain 
cells in the embryo, which cells later in life 
develop under favorable conditions. 

Cohn’s liquid. A culture liquid for bacteria con¬ 
sisting of a mixture of 2 parts ammonium tar¬ 
trate, I part each potassium phosphate and 
magnesium phosphate, part tricalcic phos¬ 
phate, and 200 parts distilled water. C.’s stig¬ 
mata, very small openings in the interalveolar 
spaces of the normal lung, 
co-ho-ba'tion. The pouring of a fluid again and 
again on the matter from which it was distilled, 
and as often distilling it, to render it more effica¬ 
cious. [< Cohoh a word used by Paracelsus to 
signify repetition.'] 

co'hosh. A popular name for several medicinal 
plants: (i) the black cohosh, Cimicifuga race- 
mo'sa; (2) the blue cohosh, Caulophyl'lum thalic- 
iroi'des; (3) the white cohosh, Actce'a spica'ta, 
and A. al'ba. [The Indian name.] 
coil. A spiral series of rings into which anything, 
as a wire or a rope, is wound, ts- Induction 
coil; Leiter’s coil. C. gland = sudoriparous 


^ Coin-catcher. 

jl gland, tcoiling, as C. of the cord, the 

^ formation of loops of the umbilical cord 

W about the foetus, 

coinscatcher. An instrument for removing coins from 
the throat. C. sound = bell-metal resonance. 
co-in'di-cant. Indicating jointly: applied to two or 
more symptoms which point toward the same 
thing. [ < L. con together-1- indica're to point out.] 
eoi'no-site. A free commensal organism. [ < kolv 6 ^ 
common + airelv to feed.] 


co'i-tus, co-i'tion. The coming together of male 
and female in the act of procreation; sexual in¬ 
tercourse. [< L. CO for con together -f i're to 
go or come.] fco'i-to-pho'bi a, morbid dread of 
coitus. 

Co'ix lac'rima. A species of grass; also its large 
seeds (sometimes called Job’s tears) which are 
strung as beads for teething infants’ use. 
co'ko. =Frambcesia. 
co'la nut. = Kola nut. 

co-lal'gi a. Pain in the colon. [ < KdTiOv colon -f 
alyoq pain.] 

Colat. Abbr. for cola'tus strained, 
co-la'tion. The pharmaceutical process of straining 
or filtering. [ < L. cola'iio, fr. cola're to strain.] 
fcol-la-to'ri um, a strainer, col'a-ture, a filtrate, 
co-laux'e. Dilatation of the colon, 
col-chi'ce ine. A crystalline substance, CgiHjgNOg, 
derivable from colchicine, which it resembles in 
action. 

col'chici cor'mus*. Colchicum corm, the dried corm 
of Col'chicum autumna'le, yielding when assayed 
by the U. S. P. process not less than 0.45% of 
colchicine; colchici radix of the 1890 U. S. P. 
It is narcotic, diuretic, and cathartic. Dose, 
0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). ts- Extractum colchici 
coRMi*. C. ra'dix, the 1890 U. S. P. name for 
C. CORMUS*. C. se'men*, colchicum seed, the 
seed of Col'chicum autumna'le, yielding not less 
than 0.55% of colchicine when assayed by the 
U. S. P. process. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). ^Fluid- 

EXTRACTUM COLCHICI SEMINIS*; TINCTURA COL¬ 
CHICI SEMINIS*; VINUM COLCHICI SEMINIS*. 
colchici'na*. = Colchicine. 

col'chi-cine. An alkaloid, C22H25NOg, from Col'chi¬ 
cum; colchicina*. It is antipodagric, antirheu¬ 
matic, and antineuralgic. Dose, 0.0005 Gm. (yly 
gr.). C. salicylate = colchisal. 

Col'chicum. i. A genus of liliaceous plants. 2. 
Col'chicum autumna'le, including the various 
preparations of the root and seeds. C. autumna'le, 
meadow saffron, a native of Europe. Col¬ 
chicine. In an overdose, it may produce ex¬ 
cessive nausea, vomiting and purging, and sink¬ 
ing of the pulse, with extreme prostration, and 
may prove fatal. Dose of dried bulb, 0.13 to 
0.5 Gm. (2 to 8 grs.). [< Col'chis a country in 
Asia.] 

col'chi-sal. Colchicine salicylate, an antipodagric 
and antarthritic. Dose, 0.00065 Gm. (yi^ gr.). 
col'co-thar. Crude ferric oxide. It is tonic and 
haemostatic. 

cold. I. Not hot; not warm; frigid. 2. The priva¬ 
tion of heat. 3. A catarrhal, rheumatic, or in¬ 
flammatory disorder resulting from exposure to 
cold. C. abscess, a slowly developing abscess 
resulting from scrofulous or chronic inflamma¬ 
tion; chronic abscess. C. affusion, the sudden 
application of a quantity of cold water to the 
body. C. bath, bath. C.sblooded animals, 
animals in which the temperature varies accord¬ 
ing to the medium, air or water, in which they 
exist, as roaches and frogs, which impart a cold 
sense to the touch; poecilothermal animals. C. 
coil, Leiter’s coil; Petitgand’s apparatus 
C. cream, a face-ointment or lip-salve, often iden¬ 
tical with rose-water ointment. C. gangrene, c®- 
HOT GANGRENE. C. in the head = CORYZA. C. 
pack, the packing of a patient in cloths wet in 
cold water. C. plague, cerebrospinal meningitis. 
C. points or spots, spots on the skin at which heat 
is not appreciated and hot bodies are not felt to 


COLEATRESIA 


213 


COLLATERAL 


be hot. The existence of these spots is due to 
the fact that sensations of cold and sensations of 
heat are carried by different nerves. i^Heat 
SPOTS. C. sense = CRY.ESTH.EsiA. C. sore = 
FEVERsBLISTER. C. Spots = C. POINTS. C. Stage, 
the initial stage of a malarial paroxysm, marked 
by chill or rigor. C. sweat, sweating accompa¬ 
nied by coldness of the body. C. ulcer, a small 
nonsinflammatory ulcer occurring spontaneously 
on the extremities. 

col-e-a-tre'si a. Atresia or occlusion of the vagina, 
co-lec'to-my. Partial excision of the colon. [< 
K6?i.ov colon -f kKrojiT] cutting out.] 
co-le-i'tis. = Colpitis. [< KoTieoq sheath.] 
col'eo-. Relating to the vagina; colpo-; vagino-: a 
combining form. [< Ko'Aeog sheath.] col'e-o-cele 
= COLPOCELE. — col*e-o-cys-ti'tis, inflammation 
of the vagina and bladder.— col-e-oe-de'ma, a 
swollen state of the vagina.— col'e-o-plas-ty = 
COLPOPLASTY. — col-e-op-to'sis, vaginal prolapse; 
colpoptosis. — col-e-or-rhex'is, rupture of the 
vaginal wall; colporrhexis. f col-e-or-rhec'tic 
birth, birth attended by a tearing of the vagina. 
— col-e-or-rhoe'a, vaginal leucorrhoea.— coPe-o- 
steg-no'sis, a stricture or constriction of the 
vagina.— co-le-ot'o-my = colpotomy. 

Colet. Abbr. for L. cole'lur, let it be strained. 
Co'ley’s fluid. Sterilized bouillon cultures of the 
* streptococcus of erysipelas and the Bacil'lus 
prodigio'sus: used hypodermically in the treat¬ 
ment of inoperable sarcomas. Dose, 0.03 to 0.5 
Cc. (i to 7^ mins.), 
co'li. Genitive of colon. [L.] 

col*i-ba-cil-lo'sis. A morbid condition due to infec¬ 
tion with Bacil'lus co'li. 

col'ic. I. Relating to the colon. C. area, the infe¬ 
rior portion of the anterior surface of the kidney: 
so called because partly covered by the descend¬ 
ing colon. C. arteries, the arteries supplying the 
colon. The ileocolic, colica dexira {right colic), 
and colica media {middle colic) arise from the 
superior mesenteric artery; the colica sinistra 
{left colic) and colica sigmoidea from the inferior 
mesenteric artery. C. gland, any one of the 
crypts of Lieberkiihn. C. lobe, the right lobe of 
the liver. 2. Acute pain in the abdomen, aggra¬ 
vated at intervals; enteralgia; enterodynia; 
colica: so named from its having been supposed 
to have had its seat in the colon. Special varie¬ 
ties of colic are Appendicular, Biliary (= 
hepatic). Crapulent, Devonshire ( = lead). 
Endemic, Hepatic, Hill, Lead, Meconial, 
Menstrual, Mucous (= mucocolitis). Painters' 
( = lead). Renal, Saturnine, Uterine, Ver¬ 
micular ( = appendicular). Wind, and Worm. 
C. root, c^Aletris farinosa; Dioscorea vil- 
losa; Liatris spicata. 

coLi-ca. = Colic, def. 2. C. accidenta'lis, colic 
induced by particular articles of diet. This may 
also be flatulent colic. C. bilio'sa, bilious colic, 
occasioned by an excess of bile in the intestines 
or by the passage of biliary calculi. C. calcu- 
lo^sa, colic caused by intestinal calculi. C. dex'tra, 
COLIC ARTERIES. C. flatulen'ta, flatulent colic, 
caused by wind in the intestines. C. haemorrhoi- 
da'lis, colic accompanying hemorrhoids and lim¬ 
ited to the lower abdominal regions. C. hepat'ica, 
sudden, very painful colic caused by the incarce¬ 
ration of galLstones in the cystic duct. C. hys- 
terflca, colic due to hysteria and caused chiefly by 
reflex action. C. intertrop'ica = colica satur- 
NiNA. C. meconiaflis, colic resulting from reten¬ 


tion of the meconium in infants. C. me''dia, &• 
COLIC ARTERIES. C. menstrua'lis, colicdike pains 
due to disturbances of the menstrual fimction. 
C. metariica, another name for saturnism, or 
painters’ colic. C. pas'sio, another name for 
colic. C. pic'tonum, Poitou colic = lead colic. 
C. picto'rum, painters’ colic. C. rena'lis, renal 
colic: from renal or ureteral calculi. C.rheumat'- 
ica, colic caused by colds. C. saturni'na = lead 
COLIC. C. scorto'rum, colic pains in prostitutes, 
due to inflammation of the internal genitals from 
gonorrhoea or sexual excess. C. sigmoi'dea, i»- 
coLic ARTERIES. C. sinis'tra, colic arteries. 
C. sterco'rea, colic arising from an excessive 
accumulation of the contents of the bowels. C 
uteri'na, an incorrect name for uterine pains 
which resemble those of colic. C. vennino'sa 
colic caused by intestinal worms, 
col-i-co-dyn'i a. = Colic, def. 2. 
col-i-co-ple'gi a. Lead colic with paralysis, 
col'i-form. Resembling a sieve, or sieve=like: ap¬ 
plied to the ethmoid bone {os colifor'me). [< L. 
co'lum sieve.] 

col-i-punc'ture. =Colopuncture. 
co-li'tis. Inflammation of the mucous coat of the 
colon, Enteritis. 

col'la-cin. A degenerative combinationsproduct of 
collagen and elacin. 

col-lae'mi a. A glutinous or colloid state of the 
blood. [<A:(iAAa glue-fal/za blood.] 
col'la-gen. The chief organic constituent of con¬ 
nective tissue, as bone (ostein), cartilage (chon- 
drigen), ligaments, tendons, etc., which by boiling 
or when treated with the gastric juice forms glue 
or gelatin. [<.K6AAa glue +'yevvdv to produce.] 
col-lapse'. I. A falling or caving in. 2. A sudden 
state of extreme depression or complete prostra¬ 
tion of all the vital powers, such as occurs in 
Asiatic cholera, in consequence of marked car¬ 
diac weakness, etc. Asphyxia. C. delirium, a 
state of delirium marked by a high degree of 
confusion, hallucinations, and active motor ex¬ 
citations. C. of the lung, i®- apneumatosis ; 
ATELECTASIS. C. rale, a fine crepitant sound 
heard over collapsed lungstissue. It may also be 
heard at the base of the healthy lung of a bed¬ 
ridden patient, due to incomplete expansion of 
the lungs. [<L. co/Za'fet to fall down.] 
sing, as C. pulse = watershammer pulse. 
col'larsbone. = Clavicle. 

col-lar'gol, col-lar'go-lum. A water ^miscible, rather 
than soluble, form of metallic silver; colloidal 
silver; argentum Cred 4 ; soluble metallic silver : 
said to contain 85 to 87% of silver and a small 
amount of albumin. It is germicide and anti¬ 
septic and is used in sepsis, lymphangitis, cellu¬ 
litis, gonorrhoeal ophthalmia; subcutaneously in 
septicaemia; and as an ointment (unguentum 
Crede). Internal dose, o.oi to 0.02 Gm. to 

i gr-). 

col-lat'e-ral. i. Placed by the side of another. 2. 
One of the delicate lateral offshoots from the 
axisscylinder process of a nerve=cell. C. circula¬ 
tion, circulation through lateral or secondary 
channels, which become enlarged after obstruc¬ 
tion in the main vessels; compensatory circula¬ 
tion. C. eminence = EMiNENTiA collateralis*. 
C. fibres, i. Fibres of the cerebellum connect¬ 
ing any lamina with the adjacent laminae. 2. 
The longitudinal fibres of the cerebrum. C. fibril 
= COLLATERAL, def. 2. C. fissure, a fissure on the 
mesal surface of the cerebrum between the sub- 


COLLECTING PLATE 


214 


COLLUM 


calcarine and subcollateral convolutions; fissura 
collaieralis*. C. oedema, oedema of one side of a 
paired organ, as the lung, from overwork conse¬ 
quent upon disease of its fellow. C. sulcus = 
C. FISSURE. [< L. con together + la'tus side.] 
col-lec'ting plate. That plate of a galvanic bat¬ 
tery at which the elements of decomposition col¬ 
lect; the electronegative element. C. tubes, the 
straight uriniferous tubules of the kidney, 
col-len'chy-ma. A form of vegetable tissue, 
col-le'sis. = Agglutination. [</cdAAa glue.] Icol- 
let'ic, gluing; agglutinant. 

Col'les’s fascia. The deep layer of the superficial 
fascia of the perineum. C.’s fracture, fracture of 
the lower end of the radius. C.’s law, the law 
that the mother of a sucking child with inherited 
syphilis, even though she be not syphilitic her¬ 
self, will not be infected by her child through 
the nipples. C.’s ligament, i. =Gimbernat’s 

LIGAMENT. 2. = TRIANGULAR LIGAMENT, def. 2 . 

C.’s space, a space beneath the perineal fascia 
in which lie the ischiocavernosus, transversus 
perinei, and bulbocavernosus muscles, the poste¬ 
rior scrotal (or labial) vessels and nerves, and 
the bulbous portion of the urethra. [ < Abraham 
Colles, Irish surgeon, 1773-1848.] 
col-lic'u-lus*. A little hill or eminence; applied in 
anatomy to various small elevations or protuber¬ 
ances. C. ner'vi ethmoida'lis, a corpus striatum. 
C. ner'vi op'tici. i. The optic thalamus. 2. The 
papilla of the optic nerve, the elevated portion of 
the blind spot. C. op'ticus = optic disk. C. sem- 
ina'lis = CAPUT gallinaginis. [L., dim. of col'lis 
hill.] 

col'li-dine. i. A base or oily ptomaine, CgHjjN, 
trimethylpyridine, derivable from decaying ani¬ 
mal matter, and believed to be poisonous. 2. 
Any one of a group of analogous compounds, 
several of which may be obtained from bonesoil. 
[< KdATia glue.] 

col'liers’ lung. = Anthracosis. 
col-lig'a-men. i. A ligament. 2. A form of medi¬ 
cated surgical bandage. [L., fr. colUg'ere to bind.] 
col-li-lon'gus. =Longus COLLI. [L.] 
col'lin. Gelatine in its purest form, 
col-lin'ic acid. An aromatic acid, C^HgOg, obtained 
by the oxidation of various albuminoid sub¬ 
stances; benzoic acid. 

Col'lin’s black. Aniline black as a histological stain. 
Collinso'nia canaden'sis. Richweed, a labiate plant 
of the United States, having diuretic, tonic, 
astringent, and diaphoretic properties. A decoc¬ 
tion of the fresh root has been used in dropsy, 
catarrh of the bladder, gravel, and leucorrhoea. 
col-li-qua-men'tum. i. The first rudiments of the 
embryo in generation. 2. The scar left upon the 
ovary after the ovule is detached. [L., fr. con 
together + liqua're to melt.] 
col-li'qua-tive. Melting; applied to any excessive 
discharge or evacuation; usually the result of the 
transudation of blood^serum which lacks in albu¬ 
men. C. albuminuria, albuminuria marked by 
great disassimilation of blood*corpuscles or of 
adipose tissue. C. necrosis = liquefactive ne¬ 
crosis. C. softening, softening in which the 
tissues become liquefied. C. sweat, a copious 
clammy sweat. [ < L. con together -+- liqua're to 
melt.] fcol-li-qua'tion, liquefaction of a tissue; 
liquefactive degeneration. 

col -1 o'dion. =Collodium*. C. cotton=PYRoxYLiN. 
collo'dium*. Collodion, a solution of pyroxylin, 40 
Gm. in ether 750 Cc. and alcohol 250 Cc. It is a 


transparent, colorless liquid, of a syrupy consist¬ 
ence and an ethereal smell, and is used as an 
external application in abrasions, burns, wounds, 
etc. When the ether and alcohol evaporate, a 
transparent film is left upon the surface of the 
part to which it is applied. It is sometimes 
called liquid adhesive plaster. C. cantharida'tum*, 
“ cantharidal collodion,” a preparation made of 
cantharides, 60 Gm., flexible collodion, 85 Gm., 
and chloroform, enough to make 100 Gm.; blis¬ 
tering collodion. It is used externally for pro¬ 
ducing vesication. C. flex'ile*, “flexible collo¬ 
dion,” a mixture composed of 92 Gm. of collo¬ 
dion, 5 Gm. of Canada turpentine, and 3 Gm. of 
castor oil. It does not contract like ordinary col¬ 
lodion and remains softer; it is sometimes pre¬ 
ferred because of the greater flexibility of the 
film, which permits its application to parts of 
the body where slight motion cannot be avoided. 
C. ioda'tum = IODIZED collodion. C. salicyla'- 
tum compos'itum, “ compound salicylated collo¬ 
dion,” a preparation made by dissolving 2 parts 
extract of cannabis indica in 10 parts alcohol, 
and II parts salicylic acid in 50 parts flexible 
collodion, adding the former solution to the 
latter, and finally adding enough flexible collo¬ 
dion to make 100 parts. It is most valuable in 
the treatment of corns. If a more destructive 
action be desired, as in the case of superficial 
epithelioma, add 5% oil of turpentine and 2% 
glacial acetic acid. If pain be present, 1% co¬ 
caine may be added. C. styp'ticum*, “styptic 
collodion,” a preparation of tannic acid, alcohol, 
ether, and collodion; used externally, and benefi¬ 
cial where an astringent effect is desired without 
access of air. [L., fr. KdXAa glue.] 
col'lo-gen. = Collagen. 

col'loid. I. Resembling glue; gelatinous; viscous. 
2. One of a group of substances whose hydrates 
are gelatinous; a nonscrystalloid. Crystal¬ 
loid; DIALYSIS. 3. A gluedike pharmaceutical 
preparation. C. bodies, irregular bodies having 
the appearance of colloid substance, found in the 
cerebrospinal axis. C. cancer, a variety of carci¬ 
noma in which the cells undergo a colloid degen¬ 
eration and assume a glue^like character, looking 
like a brownish jelly; mucous cancer. C. cyst, a 
cyst containing a jelly-like substance resembling 
the material in a colloid cancer. C. degeneration, 
the assumption of a gelatinous or gum-like char¬ 
acter by animal tissue and cells. C. milium, a 
form of colloid degeneration occurring in the 
corium of the skin and forming small, yellowish 
papules. C. silver = coLLARGOL. C. sphere, an 
oily-looking globule, being a cell that has under¬ 
gone colloid degeneration. C. styptic = styptic 
COLLOID. C. substance, the clear, jelly-like sub¬ 
stance resulting from colloid degeneration. [< 
KoTCkudrjg glue-like, fr. KoXka glue.] f^oLloi^fl^L 
col-loi'din. A translucent, jelly-like substance, 
CgHigNOg, found in colloid substance, 
col-lo'ma. I. A colloid cancer. 2. Colloid sub¬ 
stance. [< KdTCka glue.] 
col-lo-ne'ma. =Myxoma. 

col-lo-pex'i a. Surgical fixation of the neck of the 
uterus. [ < L. col'lum neck -f Trfj^iq fixation.] 
col-lox'y-lin. A variety of gun-cotton soluble in 
ether and in glacial acetic acid; soluble gun¬ 
cotton. [ <C K 6 ’k'Ka glue + ^vXvog of cotton.] 
col lum*. The neck; also any part which, from its 
situation, form, or connection, resembles a neck. 
t 3 ~ Cervix*. C. anatom'icum* = anatomical 


COLLUTORY 


215 


COLOSTOMY 


NECK. C. chirur'gicum* = SURGICAL neck. C. 
fem'oris*, the neck of the femur. C. obsti'pum, 
wrysneck. C. u'teri, the cervix uteri. [L.] 
col'lu-to-ry. A gargle; a liquid applied to the 
mouth or throat for local purposes. [< L. col- 
luto'rium, fr. collu'ere to wash.] 
col-lyr'i um. An eye*wash; a wash or lotion for 
the eyes. [< aoXXvpiov little cake, dim. of koTl- 
Avpa small loaf or roll of bread.] 
col-o-bo'ma. i. A mutilation or defect ; generally, 
a congenital defect. 2. A fissure of any part 
of the eye. Bridge c., a form of coloboma of 
the iris in which the fissure is bridged over by a 
strip of irisstissue. C. chorioi'deae, fissure of the 
choroid membrane due to persistence of the fetal 
fissure. C. i'ridis, a fissure, usually extending 
across the lower portion of the iris. C. ner'vi op'- 
tici, coloboma of the optic nerve. C. pal'pebrae, 
a fissureslike defect (usually) of the upper eyelid; 
partial ablepharon. [< koXo( 3 uvv to mutilate.] 
col-o-cen-te'sis. = Colopuncture. 
co'lo-chode-cys-tos'to-my. = Cholecystocolos- 

TOMY. 

col-o-clei'sis. Occlusion of the colon, 
col-o-cly'sis. Lavage of the colon. Murphy’s 

TREATMENT. 

col-o-clys'ter. An enema thrown into the colon. 
co‘lo-co-los'to-my. The surgical formation of a con¬ 
nection between two parts of the colon, 
col-o-cyn'this*. Colocynth, the peeled dried fruit of 
Citrul'lus colocyn'this, bitter cucumber. The pulp 
of colocynth is a power¬ 
ful hydragogue cathartic, 
and, as such, is sometimes 
given in dropsy. In large 
doses, however, it is a dan¬ 
gerous poison. It is most 
frequently administered in 
combination with other 
medicines. Dose, 0.065 
Gm. (i gr.). ^ Extract- 

UM COLOCYNTHIDIS*. It 
contains the actively purga¬ 
tive, bitter principle col-o- 
cyn'thin, C56Hg4023, which 
yields, on decomposition Colocynthis. 

with acids, the resinous sub¬ 
stance col-o-cyn'the in, C4oH540j3. [ < KoloKhvOrj 

gourd.] fcol-o-cyn'thi-dism, colocynth poisoning. 
col-o=en-te-ri'’tis. = Enterocolitis. 
co-lo-hep'a-to-pex-y. Suture of the colon to the liver, 
co-logne'water. =Eau de cologne. 
co-lom'ba. =Calumba*. 

Co-1 o-mi-at'ti’s bacillus. == Bacillus of xerosis. 
co'lon*, gen. 4i. That part of the large intestine 
extending from the caecum to the rectum. It com¬ 
prises the ascending c., which extends upward 
from the right iliac fossa to beneath the liver ; 
the transverse c., running transversely across the 
upper part of the abdomen; the descending c., 
running downward from the lower edge of the 
spleen; and the sigmoid -flexure, lying in the left 
iliac fossa. C. bacillus of Escherich = Bacillus 
coLi COMMUNIS. [Gr.] fco-lon'ic. 
col-o-nal'gi a. Pain in the colon, 
col-o-ni'tis. = Colitis. 

co-lon'o-scope. A long speculum for examining 
the upper part of the rectum. [ < k 67 iov colon + 
GKoireiv to view.] fcol-o-nos'co-py. 
col'o-ny. A collection of bacteria in a culture re¬ 
sulting from the increase of a single organism, 
col-o-pex'i a. The operation of suturing the sig¬ 


moid flexure to the wall of the abdomen in prolapse 
of the rectum. [< koXov colon + fixing.] 

col-o-pex-ot'o-my. Incision and fixation of the co¬ 
lon, as in lumbar colotomy. 
col-o-pex-os'to-my. Colopexotomy, with an arti¬ 
ficial anus. 

col'o-phene. An oily liquid, C20H32; diterebene. 
col'o-pho-ny. Rosin; a darkscolored resin, pre¬ 
pared from the distillation of white turpentine 
without water. It has been used in powder as a 
styptic, and its fumes by inhalation in bronchial 
affections. It contains col-o-phon'ic acid, any 
one of a class of isomeric acids of the formula 
C20H30O2, occurring in colophony, and including 
pimaric, pinic, and sylvic acids. [< KoXocfuv a 
city of Ionia, whence it was originally obtained.] 
col-o-proc'ti a. The creation of a permanent artifi¬ 
cial anus. [< k6?.ov colon-fTrpw/crof anus.] 
co-lop-to'sis. Prolapse of the colon, 
col-o-punc'ture. The surgical puncture of the colon, 
col-o-quin'ti-da. = Colocynthis*. 
col'or. I. The impression of hue and tint which the 
light reflected by the surface of bodies makes on 
the organ of sight. The seven primitive pris¬ 
matic colors are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, 
orange, and red (mnemonic: vibgyor), the three 
fundamental colors being red, green, and violet* 
blue. The red rays are the longest, vibrate least 
rapidly, and are the least retractile, while the 
violet rays are the shortest, vibrate most rapidly, 
and are most refractile. The invisible caloric 
rays are below the red, and the actinic rays are 
beyond the violet. 2. A pigment. C.sblindness, 
inability to perceive differences of color; dal¬ 
tonism; achromatopsia; dyschromatopsia. Com¬ 
plete or absolute color*blindness is rare, but 
partial defects are common. C.scentre, a cerebral 
centre for the perception of color, said to be situ¬ 
ated in the occipital cortex. C.scure, exposure 
of the body to colored light for therapeutic pur¬ 
poses. C.=gUStation = PSEUDOGEU^STHESIA. C.s 
hearing = PSEUDOCHROM.ESTHESIA. C.sindex, of 
red corpuscles, the ratio of the normal red count, 
5,000,000 red corpuscles to the cubic millimetre, 
taken as 100 to the normal amount of haemoglobin 
(14 grammes in 100 Cc, blood) also taken as one 
hundred: in other words, 100 to 100, or as i to i. 
C.sreaction. a chemic reaction, which produces a 
development or a change of color. C.sscotoma, 
impaired vision in which objects in certain areas 
of the visual field are seen deprived of their colors. 
C.=sense, the sense by which various colors are 
perceived and distinguished. C.=vision theories, 
^Hering’s theory; Young*Helmholtz the¬ 
ory. [L.] fcol-o-ra'tion, staining, 
co-lo-rec-ti'tis. Inflammation of the colon and rec¬ 
tum ; dysentery. 

co-lo-rec-tos'to-my. The operation of forming a 
passage between the colon and the rectum, 
col'ored vision. =Chromatopsia. 
col-o-rim'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
amount of coloring matter in a liquid, fcol-o-ri- 
met'ric, as C. analysis, analysis in which the com¬ 
position of a substance is determined by its color 
or by the color of its derivatives, col-o-rim'e-try. 
col'or-ing matter. A coloring principle existing in 
animal or vegetable substances, 
col'or-less bloodscorpuscles. White blood*corpus- 
cles; leucocytes. ^ Blood*corpuscles. 
co-los'sal cell. =Giantscell. 
co-los'to-my. The operation of making a perma¬ 
nent opening in the colon. 





COLOSTRUM 


211 ) 


COLUMNA 


co-los'trum. A clear watery secretion found in the 
breasts after the second month of pregnancy, 
and for several days after delivery. It contains 
little or no caseinogen, but lactoglobulin and 
lacto^albumin, and numerous granular protoplas¬ 
mic bodies (C. corpuscles or Donne's corpuscles), 
which are modified alveolar epithelial cells. [L.] 
fcol-os-tra'tion, a disease of new*born infants, 
caused by the colostrum, co-los'tric, as C. fluid, 
the imperfect secretion of milk before the mother 
has recovered from delivery, on account of the 
presence of colostrum: popularly, “green milk.” 
co-los'trous, having, or full of, colostrum, 
co-lot'o-my. The operation of making an incision 
into the colon. It is usually performed for the 
establishment of an artificial anus. It may be 
abdominal, iliac, inguinal, lateral, or lumbar, 

AmuSSAT’S OPERATION ; LAPAROCOLOTOMY ; PROC¬ 
TOTOMY. [< KoXov colon + TOfif) cutting.] 
col-o-ty'phus. Typhus with inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the colon, 
col-pal'gi a. Vaginal pain, or neuralgia of the vag¬ 
inal wall. [< /co/lTTOf vagina -f alyog pain.] 
col-pa-tre'si a. = Coleatresia. 
col-pec-ta'si a. Dilatation of the vagina, 
col-peu-ryn'ter. A dilatable bag to stretch the 
vagina, introduced in a flaccid condition and dis¬ 
tended by the forcible injection of air or water, 
the process being termed col-peu'ry-sis. [ < /coAtto^’ 
vaginato dilate.] 
col-pi'tis. Inflammation of the vagina; coleitis; 
elytritis; vaginitis. C. mycot'ica, colpitis caused 
by a vegetable micro-organism, as Lep'tothrix 
vagina'lis, Oi'deum al'bicans, etc. 
col'po-. Relating to the vagina; vagino- ; coi.eo- ; 
ELYTRO-: a combining form. [< Kd^Ttog vagina.] 
col-poc'a-ce, vaginal gangrene.— col'po-cele, her¬ 
nia vaginalis, or hernia in the vagina.— col-po- 
clei'sis, the operation of clo.sing the vaginal canal. 

— col-po-coe-li-ot'o-my, surgical incision into the 

abdomen through the vagina: called anterior or 
posterior according to the wall through which it 
is made.— col-po-cys-tar-cho-syr'inx, fistula join¬ 
ing the vagina, bladder, and rectum.— col-po- 
cys'tic = VESICOVAGINAL. — col-po-cys-ti'tis = 
coLEOCYSTiTis. — col-po-cys'to-ccle, hernia of jihe 
bladder into the vagina, with prolapse of anterior 
vaginal wall.— col-po-cys'to-plas-ty, plastic sur¬ 
gery of the vagina and bladder.— cokpo-cys-to- 
syr'inx, fistula between the vagina and the blad¬ 
der.— col-po-cys-tot'o-my, incision of the bladder 
through the vaginal wall, Lithotomy. — cok- 

po-des-mor-rha'phi a, the operation of suturing 
the sphincter vaginae when ruptured.— cokpo-hy- 
per-pla'si a, an excessive growth of the mucous 
membrane of the vagina during pregnancy, some¬ 
times accompanied by the development of broad 
and flat cysts filled with air within the membrane 
(C. cystica or pachyvaginitis cystica) ; colpitis 
emphysematosa; emphysema vaginae. — cokpo- 
hys-te-rec'to-my, excision of the uterus through 
the vagina; vaginal hysterectomy; Sauter’s ope¬ 
ration.— cokpo-hys'te-ro-pex-y, fixation of the 
uterus through the vagina; vaginal hysteropexy. 

— cokpo-hys-te-rot'o-my, incision of the vagina 
and uterus. — cokpo-leu-cor-rhcB'a, leucorrhoea 
from the vagina.— cokpo-my-o-mec'to-my, cok- 
po-my-o-mot'o-my, col-po-my-ot'o-my, myomec¬ 
tomy performed through the vagina.— cokpo-par- 
o-vaTi-o-cys-tec'to-my, excision of a cystic tumor 
of the parovarium through the vagina.— col-pop'- 
a-thy, any vaginal disease. — cokpo-per-i-ne'o- 


plas-ty, a general name for plastic surgery involv¬ 
ing both vagina and peritoneum.— cokpo-per*i- 
ne-or'rha-phy, suture of the vagina and perineum 
for repair of rupture caused in childbirth: also 
employed for prolapse of the uterus. — col'po- 
pex-y, an operation for stitching the vagina to 
the abdominal walk, the proper word to use in¬ 
stead of the hybrid word vaginopexy. — col'po- 
plas-ty, plastic surgery involving the vagina. — 
col-po-pol'y-pus, a vaginal polypus. — col-pop-to'-- 
sis, falling down or prolapse of the vagina; col- 
eoptosis.— col-por-rha'gi a, hemorrhage from the 
vagina. — col-por'rha-phy = elytrorrhaphy. — 
col-por-rhex'is = coleorrhexis. —col-por-rhoe'a, 
leucorrhoea seated within the vagina; coleorrhoea. 
— col'po-scope, an instrument for inspection of 
the vagina.— col-po'sis, the formation of a cavity, 
sheath, or sac; encystment.— col-po-spas'mus, 
spasm of the vagina.— col-po-ste-no'sis, col-po- 
steg-no'sis, vaginal constriction. — cokpo-ste-not'- 
o-my, surgical repair of colpostenosis. — col-po- 
thlip'sis, pressure on the vagina. — col-pot'o-my, 
surgical cutting of the vagina. — cokpo=u-re'te-ro- 
cys-tot'o-my, exposure of the orifices of the 
ureters by incision through the vaginal and 
bladder walls. — cokposu-re-te-rot'o-my, incision 
of the ureter through the vaginal wall. — col- 
po-xe-ro'sis, morbid dryness of the vagina, 
colt’s foot. =Tussilago farfara. 
co-lum'bic acid. =Calumbic acid. 
co-lum'bin. =Calumbin. 
col'um-bine. =Aquilegia. 
co-lum'bi um. = Niobium. 

co-lum'bo. = Calumba*. American c., ^ Frasera. 
col-u-mel'la. =Columnella. 
col-u-mel'lar. Resembling a pillar. C. formation, 
fusion of the middle ear ossicles into one mass, 
col'umn. Literally, a column or pillar; column a*. 
A term applied in anatomy to parts supposed to 
resemble a column, especially to parts of the 
spinal cord. Cs. of the abdominal ring, the thick¬ 
ened fibres of the aponeurosis of the external 
oblique muscle bounding the external abdominal 
ring. Cs. of Bertin= Bertin’s columns. Cs. of 
Burdach = CUNEIFORM columns. C. of Clarke 
= Clarke’s column. C. of Goll = Goll’s 
COLUMN. Cs. of Morgagni or Cs. of the rectum = 
Morgagni’s column.® rect.®. C. of Rolando = 
Rolando’s column. Cs. of the spinal cord, the 
portions of the white matter of the spinal cord 
more or less distinctly divided off by the various 
fissures, root-fibres, and septa of the cord. They 
are distinguished as anterior, anterolateral, lateral, 
posterior, postero»external, and posteromedian. C. 
of Turck = TuRCK’s column. C. of the vagina 

= COLUMN.® VAGIN.®. 

colum'na*, pi. -nae. A column. Colum'nae adipo'- 
S 3 e, columns of adipose tissue extending upward 
from the subcutaneous connective tissue to the 
hair-follicles and sweat-glands; fat-columns. 
Colum'nae berti'ni = Bertin’s columns. Co- 
lum'nae car'neae, “fleshy columns,” the muscular 
projections in the ventricles of the heart. C. 
for'nicis, any one of the cmra of the fornix of the 
brain. Colum'nae morga'gni=MoRGAGNi’s colum- 
n.® rect®. C. na'si, “column of the nose,” the 
fleshy termination of the septum of the nose. C. 
o'ris, “column of the mouth,” the uvula. 
Colum'nae papilla'res = musculi papillares. 
Colum'nae plica'rum = column® rugarum*. 
Colum'nae recta'les [Morga'gnii]* = Morgagni’s 
COLUMN® rect®. Colum'nae rena'les [Berti'ni]* 


COLUMNAR 


217 


COMMISSURA 


=Bertin’s columns. Colum'nae ruga'rum*, the 
transverse rugae, or folds on the internal surface 
of the vagina; columnae plicarum. Colum'nae 
vagi'nae, “columns of the vagina,” the longitudi¬ 
nal ridge along the anterior and posterior walls 
of the interior surface of the vagina. C. verte- 
bra'lis*, the spinal column. [L.] 
co-lum'nar. Belonging to a pillar or column; pillar* 
like; having the form of a column. C. epithe¬ 
lioma or C.scelled epithelioma, epithelioma. 
C. epithelium, ^ epithelium. C. layer, the rod* 
and*cone layer of the retina, 
co-lum-nel'la. A little coltunn: applied to the mo¬ 
diolus of the cochlea of the ear. C. na'si, the 
nasal septum. C. o'ris, the uvula, 
col'um-ning. The supporting of the vaginal wall 
with tampons to elevate the uterus in prolapse, 
co-lyt'ic. I. Tending to restrain, arising from some 
mechanical obstruction ; inhibitory. 2. Anti¬ 
septic. to hinder.] 

col'za oil. = Rape oil. 

co'ma. A state of lethargic drowsiness, produced 
by compression of the brain and other causes; 
semisomnis. Alcoholic c., coma due to alcohol¬ 
ism. Apoplectic c., coma due to apoplexy. C. 
carcinomato'sum, coma and other cerebral symp¬ 
toms developing in the course of cancer. Dia¬ 
betic c., diabetic. Epileptic c., the uncon¬ 
sciousness accompanying or constituting an epi¬ 
leptic attack, and dependent on a secondary par¬ 
ticipation of the cerebral hemispheres. C. 
foudroyant, coma coming on suddenly in the 
midst of good health; fulminating coma. C. of 
Kussmaul = KussMAUL’s coma. C. somnolen'tum, 
deep sleep; lethargy; cataphora. C. vig'il, 
“ wakeful coma,” the lethargic condition of the 
patient in which he is wakeful and muttering in 
delirium; continuous insomnia associated with 
partial unconsciousness; agrypnia. When occur¬ 
ring in typhus it is almost invariably a fatal symp¬ 
tom. [< Kw/za deep sleep.] fco'mal. 
co-man'ic acid. An acid, CgH^O^, obtained from 
chelidonic acid by depriving it of carbon dioxide, 
co'ma-tose. i. Having a constant propensity to 
sleep. 2, Relating to coma, 
com-bi-na'tion. i. The act of uniting into a whole. 
C. filling, a filling for the teeth composed of two 
or more separate materials, usually superimposed. 
2. Chemical union. ^Chemical combination. 
[< L. combina're to set in couples together, fr. 
con together -f bi'nus two by two.] fcom-bined', 
as C. pelvimetry, pelvimetry: C. sclerosis, 
sclerosis of the posterior and lateral columns of 
the cord simultaneously: C. touch — double 
touch: and C. version, (^version, com-bin'ing, 
as C. capacity or power, the capacity of an 
element for entering into combinations; atom¬ 
icity: and C. weight, the relative weight, com¬ 
pared with that of hydrogen ( which is taken as 
i), of the quantity of an element which can 
enter into combinations with other elements, 
combre'tum sundi'acum. A jungle plant used in 
treating the opium habit, 
com-bus'tion. Burning; the evolution of heat and 
light during chemical action by absorbing oxy¬ 
gen from atmospheric air. [< L. combus'tio, fr. 
combu'rere to burn.] fcom-bus'ti-ble. i. Ca¬ 
pable of being burned. 2. A combustible body. 
Com'by’s sign. Inflammation of the gums and 
mucous membrane of the mouth with a creamy 
exudation, forming an early indication of measles. 
i^Koplik's spots. 


com'e-do, pi. comedo'nes. i. Any one of the mi¬ 
nute, worm*like appearances on the face, necK. 
etc., when the skin is squeezed; black*head. 



They are simply the fatty and sebaceous contents 
of the sebaceous and hair*follicles, but may in¬ 
clude an acarid, the Dem'odex folliculo'rum. C. 
expressor, an instrument for expressing come¬ 
dones. 2. A disorder marked by the presence of 
comedones. [L., fr. come'dere to eat.] 
co-men'ic acid. An acid, CgH405, obtained by 
heating meconic acid. 

co'mes, pi. com'ites. A companion: applied to any 
artery or vein accompanying a nerve. C. ner'vi 
ischiad'ici, a branch of the sciatic artery accom¬ 
panying the great sciatic nerve. C. ner'vi media'- 
ni, a branch of the anterior interosseous artery 
distributed to the median nerve and the super¬ 
ficial palmar arch; median artery. C. ner'vi 
phre'nici, a branch of the internal mammary 
artery accompanying the phrenic nerve to the 
diaphragm; arteria pericardiacophrenica*. [L.] 
coin*e-to-co'ri a. A pupil which, from fissure of 
the iris, has the appearance of a comet, 
com'ma bacillus. The pathogenic microsorganism. 
Spirillum choler.^ Asiatics of Koch. C.stract, 
a tract shaped like a comma in the middle of the 
posterior lateral column of the cord. It may 
undergo descending degeneration, 
com-mas-cu-la'tion. Sexual intercourse between 
males. [< L. con with -f mas'cuius male.] 
com-mem'o-ra-tive sign. Any sign of a previous 
disease. 

com-men'sal. An animal which, like a parasite, 
lives within or on another, but which, unlike a 
parasite, does not subsist on the tissue of its 
companion, but shares its food=supply. [< L. 
con with -f men'sa table.] fcom-men'sa-lism, 
the condition of being a commensal, 
com-mi-nu'tion. i. Fracture into several small 
pieces. 2. The act of breaking up a solid into 
fragments. [< L. commtww'er^ to break or crush 
into small pieces.] fcom'mi-nu-ted, as C. frac¬ 
ture, a fracture in which the bone is broken or 
crushed into several pieces and in which the 
lines of fracture intercommunicate. 

Commiph'ora myr'rha. ^Myrrha*. 
com-mis-su'ra*. A joining together; something 
which joins together; a commissure. C. ante'rior 
[cer'ebri]*, a round bundle of white fibres in the 
fore part of the third ventricle, in front of the 
pillars of the fornix. It enters the cerebral sub¬ 
stance on each side, and spreads out into the 
medullary substance of the temporal lobe above 
the descending horn of the lateral ventricle. C. 
ante'rior al'ba, “anterior white commissure,” the 
thin layer of white matter at the bottom of the an¬ 
terior median fissure, which conjoins the anterior 
columns of the spinal cord. C. basa'lis of Mey- 
nert = MEYNERT’s commissure. C. bre'vis, the 
posterior part of the inferior vermiform process 
of the cerebellum; tuber valvulae. C. cerebel'li = 
PONS vAROLii. C. cer'ebri ante'rior = C. ante¬ 
rior [cerebri]*. C. cine'rea = C. posterior 
ciNEREA. C. ad floc'culum, the inferior medul¬ 
lary velum. C. gri'sea = C. posterior cinerea 
C. hippocam'pi* = LYRA. C. infe'rior -= Gltd- 








COMMISSURE 


218 


COMPLEMENTAL 


den’s commissure. C. labio'rum o'ris*, the 
comers of the mouth. C. labio'rum puden'di*, 
the line of junction of the labia majora. C. 
mag'na, “ great commissure,” the corpus callosum 
of the brain. C. me'dia or mol'lis, the fasciculus 
of soft gray matter uniting the optic thalami of 
the brain. C. oliva'rum, transverse fibres cross¬ 
ing between one olivary body and the other. C. 
poste'rior cine'rea, the band of gray matter of the 
spinal cord at the bottom of the posterior median 
fissure, joining the lateral bands of gray matter 
or crescents; gray commissure; commissura 
grisea; posterior commissure. C. sim'plex, a small 
lobe on the posterior part of the superior vermi¬ 
form process; vermis superior posterior. [L.] 
com'mis-sure. i. The angle of intersection of two 
bodies or parts of a body. 2. A band of nerve* 
tissue connecting the right and left parts of the 
brain and spinal cord. The commissures con¬ 
nected with the cerebrum are the Anterior, Arcu¬ 
ate or Gudden's, Basal gray, Meynert’s, Middle or 
Soft, Optic, and Posterior. The commissures of 
the cord are the Anterior white. Anterior gray, 
and Posterior gray, Commissura*. C. of the 
flocculus = VELUM MEDULLA RE POSTICUM. [ < L. 
commissu'ra, it. con together -f- mit'tere to send.] 
fcom-mis'su-ral, as C. a/?/la^fa, conduction apha¬ 
sia; C. artery, a branch of the anterior cerebellar 
artery to the corpus callosum: C. cell =zygo- 
neure: C. fibres, fibres of the cerebral medulla 
connecting parts of one hemisphere with those of 
another: and C. tract, the cerebral peduncles, 
com'mon. Pertaining to all; not particular. C. 
agglutinin, agglutinin. C. bilesduct = duc¬ 
tus communis choledochus. C. carotid artery, 
^carotid artery. C. femoral artery = fem¬ 
oral ARTERY. C. fluke = Fasciola hepatica. 
C. iliac artery = iliac artery. C. integument, 
the skin, including in the stricter sense the hair 
and the nails. C. salt, sodium chloride: some¬ 
times used as a styptic in hemorrhage. C. soap 
= SAPo MOLLIS*. C. ulnar vein, ulnar vein. 
com-mo'tio. Severe disturbance; concussion. C. 
cer'ebri = CONCUSSION of the brain. C. ret'inae 
= CONCUSSION OF THE RETINA. C. Spina'liS = 
RAILWAY SPINE. [L.] 

com-mu'ni-cans, pi. -can'tes. Communicating. C. 
fibula'ris —C. peron^i. Communican'tes hypo- 
glos'si or no'ni, branches of the second and third 
cervical nerves running downward to form part 
of the ansa hypoglossi and supplying the depres¬ 
sor muscles of the hyoid bone. C. peronae'i, a 
branch from the external popliteal nerve, aris¬ 
ing near the head of the fibula and joining the 
short saphenous nerve; C. fibularis. C. tib'iae, 
the external or short saphenal branch of the in¬ 
ternal popliteal or tibial nerve; sural nerve. C. 
willi'si, a branch of the internal carotid artery 
passing to the posterior cerebral artery; poste¬ 
rior communicating artery. [L.] 
com-mu'ni-ca-ting. Connecting; joining into one. 
C. artery, i. {Of the brain.) Either of two ar¬ 
teries, an anterior, a branch of the anterior 
cerebral, forming part of the circle of Willis 
and sending branches to the caudate nucleus; 
and a posterior, also called communicans wil- 
Lisi. 2. A branch of the dorsalis pedis form¬ 
ing part of the plantar arch. 3. A branch of 
the occipital artery distributed to the muscles 
of the posterior part of the neck and anasto¬ 
mosing with branches of the vertebral artery. 
4. A branch of the peroneal artery anastomosing 


with the communicating branch of the posterioi 
tibial artery. 5. A branch of the posterioi 
tibial artery anastomosing with the communicat¬ 
ing branch of the peroneal artery. C. nerves, ts- 
communicans. C. tubule = junctional tubule. 
com'mu-ta-tor. A device for reversing the currents 
from a galvanic battery. 

co-mo'sic acid. An acid found in the bulbs of Mus- 
ca'ri como'sum and having properties similar to 
those of saponin. 

corn-pact'. Condensed or compressed together ; 
dense; solid. C. bone or tissue, the dense osseous 
tissue which constitutes the surface of bones and 
bounds their larger canals, as contrasted with the 
loose cancellated tissue of their interior. C. oede¬ 
ma = sclerema cedematosum. [<L. compin'- 
gere to join firmly together.] 
com-pa'ges. i. An articulation. 2. A suture. C. 
os'sium per lin'eam sim'plicem = harmony. [< 
L. compin'gere to join together.] 
com-pan'ion. = Comes. 

com-par'a-tive. Proceeding by comparison. C. 
anatomy, i^anatomy. C. histology, i^histology. 
C. pathology, pathology in which the relation and 
similarities between various disease processes in 
the human body and in different animals are 
studied and compared. C. physiology, the com¬ 
parative study of the physiology of animals, 
com-par'i-son spectrum. The spectra of two differ¬ 
ent substances side by side; double spectrum, 
com-pat'i-ble. Not interfering with the action or 
properties of another medicine; admissible for 
administration in combination with some other 
medicine, rs- Incompatible, fcom-pat-i-bil'i-ty. 
com-pelled'movements. = Circus movements. 
compensating ocular (cpm-pcn'se-ttng or com'pcn- 
se-tfng). A microscopic ocular used with an 
apochromatic objective for correcting aberra¬ 
tions in the objectives outside the axis. C. opera¬ 
tion, an operation for paresis of an ocular mus¬ 
cle, performed by dividing the tendon of the 
associated antagonist of the other eye. 
com-pen'sa-to-ry. Making up for some loss or de- 
• feet. Thus, a special sense, as hearing, may re¬ 
ceive a compensatory development after the loss 
of sight. C. circulation = COLLATERAL circula¬ 
tion. C. curves, the cervical and lumbar flex¬ 
ions of the spine which correct the primary 
curves in the dorsal and pelvic regions in main¬ 
taining the erect posture. C. diarrhoea = vicari¬ 
ous DIARRHOEA. C. emphysema, lack of expan¬ 
sion of some portion of the lung with inspiration 
and consequent abnormal expansion of another 
portion of the lung instead of depression of the 
wall of the chest. C. hyperphoria, the tending 
upward of the visual axis of one eye lower than 
its fellow, to bring both axes on the same plane. 
C. hypertrophy, hypertrophy. 
com'ple-ment. In Ehrlich’s sideschain theory, a 
sensitive ferment*like substance normally present 
in the serum of the blood and destroyed by heat; 
Buchner’s alexin; cytase. It has two atomic 
groups, a haptophore and a toxophore. It can act 
on blood*corpuscles only in the presence of an 
AMBOCEPTOR (immune or intermediary body), 
com-ple-men'tal, com-ple-men'ta-ry. Completing; 
supplying a deficiency. C. air, the air which can 
be inhaled by a forced inspiration over and above 
that inhaled by an ordinary inspiration. C. 
color, either color of any of those pairs of colors 
which when blended produce white or light gray. 
C. hemorrhage, a hemorrhage following another 


COMPLEMENTOID 


219 


COMPRESSOR 


• one, but occurring in a different locality. C. 
space, the area at the lower border of the lungs 
between the two layers of the pleura: not filled 
with lung during inspiration, C. spectrum, the 
spectrum of substances which change their chemi¬ 
cal constitution before reaching a temperature 
sufficiently high to become luminous, 
com-ple-men'toid. The substance resulting from 
the destruction of the toxophor group of a com¬ 
plement, as by heating, and capable of producing 
an ANTICOMPLEMENT. 

com-ple-men'to-phile. The haptophore group of 
the amboceptor by means of which it combines 
with the complement. tcona“pl6-men-to-phil'ic. 
com-plete'. Perfect; entire. C. dislocation, dis¬ 
location. C. fistula, a fistula having two open¬ 
ings, one into an internal cavity and one opening 
externally. C. hernia, hernia. C. inguinal 
hernia, inguinal hernia. C. paralysis, entire 
loss of movement, function, and sensation. C. 
segmentation, total segmentation. 
com'plex. Formed by two or more parts; not sim¬ 
ple. C. hermaphroditism, true hermaphroditism, 
in which the external and internal genitals of 
both sexes are present. C. membrane, a mem¬ 
brane made up of several structurally distinct 
layers. C. of symptoms, a number of symptoms 
which regularly occur together, constituting a 
morbid entity; symptom complex. [< L. com- 
plex'us, fr. con together + plec’tere to weave.] 
com-plex'ion. i. Temperament or habit of body; 
constitution. 2. The color or appearance of the 
skin of the face: its modifications may have high 
diagnostic value. [ < L. complex'io temperament.] 
com-plex'us. A muscle situated at the back part 
of the neck; musculus semispinalis capitis*. It 
is so named from the intricate mixture of its 
muscular and tendinous parts. It is attached to 
the occipital bone and to the cervical and upper 
dorsal vertebrae. 

com'pli-ca-ted. Entangled; involved. C. active 
movements, massage movements executed by the 
combined efforts of the patient and operator. C. 
cataract, cataract due to disease of other parts 
of the eye, as choroiditis, glaucoma, etc. C. 
fracture, a fracture that is combined with 
another serious injury of the same part, as a 
wounded artery, dislocation of a neighboring 
joint, etc. C. labor, labor complicated with some 
accident or obstruction, as hemorrhage, eclamp¬ 
sia, etc. C. presentation = compound presenta¬ 
tion. C. wound, a wound containing some for¬ 
eign body, or attended with much pain or hemor¬ 
rhage. [ < L. con together -f- pli¬ 
ca're to fold.] 

com-pli-ca'tion. The coexistence of 
two or more diseases which mod¬ 
ify each other without being in 
their nature inseparable, fcom'- 
pli-ca-ting, as C. disease — inter- 
current disease. 
com-po'nent atom. An atom which 
unites with another atom to form 
a molecule. 

com'pos men'tis. Of sound mind. 

Non compos mentis. [L.] 
com-pos'ite flower. A flower of a 
plant belonging to the order Com- 
pos'itce, as the daisy, the dandelion, etc. C. 
monstrosity = DOUBLE monstrosity, 
com-pos'i-tors’ cramp. A disorder affecting the 
thumb and fingers of compositors. 


compound (as verb, cpm-paupd'; as noun and adj., 
com'paund). i. To mix together. 2. Made up 
of two or more parts or Substances. 3. A sub¬ 
stance made up of two or more other substances. 
C. aneurism = mixed aneurism. C. astigmatism, 
^astigmatism. C. cathartic pills = pilul.® 
CATHARTICS COMPOSITS*. C. cavity, atooth*cav- 
ity formed by the coalescence of two, or one.which 
involves two surfaces of a tooth C. cyst = MUL- 
TILOCULAR CYST. C. dislocation, (^DISLOCATION. 
C. ether = ESTER. C. fracture, fracture of a bone 
accompanied with a^ external wound communi¬ 
cating with the se^t of fracture. C. gland, a 
gland whose duct i^ more or less branched. C. 
granule=cells = GluCte’s corpuscles. C. hyper¬ 
metropic astigmatism, (^astigmatism. C. iron 
mixture -= mistura ferri composita*. C. mem¬ 
brane, a membrane consisting of two distinct 
layers, as a fibromucous membrane. C. microscope, 
a microscope having two lenses, an objective, 
which forms an inverted image of the object, and 
an eye«piece, which further magnifies this image. 
C. mixture of glycyrrhiza = mistura glycyrrhiz^ 
composita*. C. myopic astigmatism, ^ astig¬ 
matism. C. presentation, the presentation in 
labor of two or more parts at the same time. C. 
proteid, a proteid yielding on hydrolysis a car¬ 
bohydrate, nucleic acid, 01 pigment; as mucin, etc. 
C. pustule, a pustule containing several chambers 
filled with pus. C. spectacles, spectacles fitted 
with different lenses, extra colored glasses, etc. 
C. suture = QUILLED suture. 
corn-pound'ing. (^Dispensing. 
com'press. 1. A portion of folded linen, lint, or 
other material, made into a kind of pad, to be 
placed over parts which require particular pres¬ 
sure. O'Cribriform c. ; fenestrated c. ; grad¬ 
uated c. 2. A wet cloth applied to a diseased 
part and covered with a bandage of dry or oiled 
cloth. [< L. con together + pre'mere to press.] 
corn-pressed'. Flattened in a lateral direction; 
flattened on two opposite sides, so that the width 
is greater than the thickness. C. air, air com¬ 
pressed by force into a condition of greater den¬ 
sity. The breathing of it has proved serviceable 
in lung and other thoracic diseases, as well as 
in some neuropathic cases. (^Caisson disease. 
C. sponge = spoNGiA compress a. C. tablets, pills 
or troches made by forcibly compressing medic¬ 
inal substances into lenticular tablets, 
com-pres'sion. The act of compressing or pressing 
together; an action exerted on a body by a power 
which is external and which tends to diminish its 
volume and increase its density. C. atrophy, 
atrophy caused by constant compression. C. of 
the brain, pressure upon the brain by intracranial 
growths or effusions, or by a fracture, producing 
such symptoms as coma, convulsions, slow pulse, 
etc. C. myelitis, inflammation of the spinal cord, 
due to some lesion which causes compression of 
the cord. C. thrombosis, ^thrombosis. 
com-pres'sor. i. That which compresses. ' 2. A 
muscle which presses upon any part. 3. A sur¬ 
gical instrument for compressing some part of the 
body. 4. =Compressorium. C. of Deschamps 
= Deschamps’s compressor. C. of Dupuytren = 
Dupuytren’s compressor. C. na'ris, a muscle 
of the nose which arises from the maxilla near the 
incisive fossa, and, extending upward, is joined 
to its fellow by a thin aponeurosis over the bridge 
of the nose. C. na'rium mi'nor, a small, indis¬ 
tinct muscle occasionally seen between the alar 



Composite 

FLOWER. 





COMPRESSORIUM 


220 


CONCUSSION 


cartilage and the skin over the tip of the nose. 
C. prosta'tae, the anterior fibres of the levator ani, 
which embrace the prostate gland. C. sac'culi 
laryn'gis = ARYT.®fNo*EPiGLOTTiDEUS. C. ure'- 
thrae, the transversi|is perinaei profundus muscle. 
C. vagi'nae, the bulbocavernosi muscles in the 
female. C. ve'nae dorsa'lis, an occasional slip 
from the distal portion of the ischiocavernosus 
muscle inserted into the fascial sheath of the penis 
over the dorsal vessels. 

com-pres-so'ri um. An apparatus for exerting grad¬ 
uated pressure upon an object under microscopi¬ 
cal examination, in order to display its parts. 
Compto'nia asplenifo'lia. Sweet fern, a shrubby 
plant: said to be tonic and ast 5 ingent. 
com-pul'sive insanity. A psychosis marked by com¬ 
pulsory ideas as the single symptom, 
com-pul'so-ry movements. = Circus movements. 
con-. A Latin particle signifying “together," and 
sometimes “ with." It is usually changed to cow- 
before h, m, and p, to co- before a vowel or h. 
con-al-bu'min. The nonscrystallizable constituent 
of ovalbumin. 

con-am'a-rin. An intensely bitter resin from Coni'- 
um macula'tum. 

co-na'ri al. Pertaining to the conarium. C. tube, 
the hollow stalk of the pineal gland in the em¬ 
bryo. C. vein, a vein having its origin in the 
plexus of fine veins over the conarium. 
co-na*ri-o-hy-po-phys'i al tract. A portion of the 
ccelian cavity in the embryonic brain, corre¬ 
sponding to the cavity of the intersbrain, joining 
the pineal gland and the pituitary body, 
co-na'ri um. The pineal gland : so called on ac¬ 
count of its conical form. [ < Kuvog cone.] 
con-cat'e-nate. Chained together: applied to the 
glands of the neck, presenting in children a kind 
of knotty cord, extending along the side of the 
neck. [< L. con together -f cate'na chain.] 
Con-ca'to’s disease. = Polyorrhomenitis. 
con'cave. Regularly hollowed out, like the inside of 
a hollow sphere; presenting a hollow or depressed 
surface. [< L. con intensive + ca'i»«5 hollow.] 
fcon-cav'i-ty. i. A hollowed^out space on the 
surface of an organ. 2. The inside, or the hol¬ 
low side, of a curved organ, con-ca’vo-con'cave, 
having two concave faces, con-ca’vo-con'vex, 
having one face concave, the other convex, 
con-cealed' ulcer. Destructive inflammation of the 
tissues of some internal organ. It usually does 
not communicate with the surface, 
con-cen-tra'tion. i. The act of concentrating and 
collecting in a common centre; in chemistry 
rendering a fluid stronger by evaporating a portion 
of the liquid it contains. 2. In pharmacy, a very 
strong tincture, or other medicine of unusual 
strength. [ < L. concentra'tio.] fcon-cen'tra-ted, 
as C. pulse, a pulse in a contracted artery, 
con-cen'tric. Having one common centre. C. 
atrophy, atrophy of a hollow organ in which its 
cavity is contracted. C. corpuscles of Hassall = 
Hassall’s concentric corpuscles. C. hyper¬ 
trophy, HYPERTROPHY. C. lamellSB = HAVER- 
siAN LAMELLiE. [ < L. con with -j- cen'trum centre.] 
con-cep'tion. i. The impregnation of the female 
ovum by the male spermatozoon, whence results 
a new being. 2. An abstract idea in the mind, 
con'cha, pi. -chce. i. The hollow portion of the 
external ear. 2. A marine shell. Testa. C. 
auric'ulae* or au'ris = concha, def. i. C. labyrin'- 
thi, the cochlea of the ear. C. me'dia, the middle 
turbinated bone. C. morga'gni, the superior 


turbinated bone. Conchas na'rium, the turbinated 
bones. C. nasa'lis infe'rior*, me'dia*, and supe'- 
rior*, TURBINATED BONES. C. santorinia'na, a 
small plate of bone sometimes found projecting 
from the ethmoid bone above the superior tur¬ 
binated bone. C. supe'rior, the superior tur¬ 
binated bone. [L., fr. Koyxv shell.] 
con-chai-ram'i-dine. An alkaloid, CgaHjgNjO^, from 
cinchona. 

con'chi-nine. =Quinidine. 

con-chi'o-lin. An organic compound, CygH^gNgOu, 
the basis of the shells of mollusks. C. osteomye¬ 
litis = MOTHERsOFsPEARL OSTEOMYELITIS. 

con-chi'tis. Inflammation of the concha. 
con’cho=ant'he-lix. =Obliquus auris. 
con-cho-he'lix. =Transversus auris. 
con-choi'dal fracture. The curved line of fracture 
of glass, pitch, and many other non=crystalline 
solids, resembling the impression of a shell, 
con'cho-scope. A speculum for examining the nasal 
cavity. [< ndyxv shell + aKOTrelv to see.] 
con'cho-tome. An instrument for surgical removal 
of the turbinated bones. 

con-coc'tion. i. A mixture of medicinal substances, 
usually by the aid of heat. 2. Digestion. [< L. 
concoc'tio, fr. con intensive 4 - co'quere to cook.] 
con-com'i-tant. Accompanying; joined with; acces¬ 
sory. C. signs or symptoms, symptoms which are 
associated with the essential symptoms of a dis¬ 
ease, but which are themselves only accessory. C. 
squint or strabismus, squint in which the amount 
of deviation of the affected eye remains the same 
for all positions of the eye. [ < L. concom'itans, 
fr. con together + comita're to accompany.] 
con'cre-ment. A deposit of earthy matter in a tissue 
con-cres'cence. i. The growing together of two or 
more individual cells or organisms. 2. The grow¬ 
ing together of the primitive germsbands of the 
embryo to form the body^axis or primitive 
streak. 3. The theory'- by which the primitive 
streak is assumed to represent the united and 
fused extended lips of the blastopore. [ < L. con 
together + cres'cere to grow.] 
con'crete. Condensed: applied to substances con¬ 
verted from fluid to more solid form, 
con-cre'tion. i. The growing together of parts 
naturally separated, as the fingers or the toes. 
2. An extraneous, inorganic solid formed either 
in one of the natural cavities or canals, or in the 
substance of an organ, by the deposit of certain 
solid constituents of the fluids of the part. ^ 
Calculus. 3. The condensation of a fluid or 
other substance into a more solid consistence. 

[ < L. con together -f cres'cere to grow.] 
con-cu'bi-tus. = Coitus. [< L. con together + 
cuba're to lie.] 

con-cu-pis'cence. Sexual appetite; lust, 
con-cus'co-nine. An alkaloid, CjaH^eNjO^, from 

CUSCO bark. 

con-cus'sion. A violent shock or jarring; also the 
conditions resulting from such a shock. C. of 
the brain, a diseased state, producing alarming 
symptoms, caused usually by diffused force 
applied to the head, and attended by concussion* 
lesions, viz., slight contusion, laceration, or mili¬ 
ary extravasation. C. of the labyrinth, deafness 
with ringing in the ears caused by a blow upon, 
or by an explosion near, the ear. C.smyelitis, 
myelitis and meningitis resulting from concussion 
of the spine. C.soedema of the retina or C. of 
the retina, loss or impairment of vision resulting 
from a blow upon or near the eye. C. of the 


CONCUSSOR 


221 


CONFECTIO 


spine, lesion of the spinal cord caused by some 
violent jarring. [< L. concus'sio, fr. concu’tere 
to shake violently.] fcon-cus'sion-al, as C. verte¬ 
bral reflex, palpable reflexes in the lung, heart, 
liver, spleen, stomach, and intestines, due to con¬ 
cussion of the vertebral spinous processes, the 
reflex depending on the vertebra subjected to 
concussion. ^ Grocco’s sign. 
con-cus'sor. An instrument for applying a gentle 
beating in massage. 

con-den-sa'tion. The act of rendering a substance 
more compact. [ < L. condensa'tio, fr. con together 
4 - densa're to thicken.] fcon-densed', as C. milk, 
milk from which much of the liquid element 
has been evaporated in vacuo, con-den'sing, as C. 
osteitis, inflammation of bone attended by osteo¬ 
sclerosis ; formative or sclerosing osteitis; eburna- 
tion. con-den'ser, con'den-sa-tor. i. An appa¬ 
ratus for condensing a vapor to a liquid, 
Kjeldahl’s method. 2. An instrument ren¬ 
dering sensible the weakest quantities of elec¬ 
tricity. 3. An apparatus condensing rays of 
light upon a microscopic object, 
con'di-ment. A sauce; something used to give 
relish to food. [< L. condimen'tum seasoning.] 
con-di'tion. Mode of existence; state; quality; 
attribute; disposition; predicament. [< L. con- 
di'tio, fr. con'dere to build.] 
con'dom. A sheath, made from a sheep’s intestine, 
of gold-beaters’ skin, or of india-rubber, drawn 
over the penis prior to coition, to prevent vene¬ 
real infection or impregnation, and sometimes 
used to retain a dressing applied to the penis, 
con-duc'tion. The passing of caloric or electricity 
from one particle of matter to another, as in an 
iron rod heated at one end, in which case the 
caloric is conducted gradually along the particles 
of the iron. C. aphasia, ^aphasia. C. resist¬ 
ance, resistance offered by a given circuit to the 
passage of an electric current. [< h. conduc'tio, 
fr. condu'cere to conduct.] fcon-duct'ing, as C. 
paths of the cord, paths w’nich conduct motor 
and sensory impulses: and C. = collecting 
PLATE, con-duc-tiv'i-ty, capacity for conducting, 
as is possessed by the nerve-fibres or by sub¬ 
stances which transmit heat or electricity, 
con-duc'tor. i. A body which readily transmits 
electricity or caloric. 2. A grooved staff used to 
guide the course of a knife or a probe; a director. 
C. sono'rus, a whitish band of fibres crossing the 
fovea superior of the fourth ventricle, 
con-du-ran'go. The bark of certain South Ameri¬ 
can plants, especially Cunduran'go blan'co: used 
locally for syphilis and recommended as a remedy 
for cancer. [Sp. Am.] 

con'dy-lar. Relating to a condyle. C. angle, the an¬ 
gle between the plane of the basilar groove and 
that of the occipital foramen. C. canal, a canal 
through the condylar portion of the occipital 
bone for the passage of the hypoglossal nerve. 
It opens into the anterior condyloid foramen. C. 
foramen = condyloid foramen. C. fossa = con¬ 
dyloid FOSSA. C. lines, two lines, an outer and 
an inner, on the posterior surface of the femur, 
continuous respectively with the outer and the 
inner lip of the linea aspera. External c. ridge, a 
ridge passing up from the external condylar emi¬ 
nence of the humerus. Internal c. ridge, a ridge 
passing up from the internal condylar eminence 
of the humerus. 

con'dyle. The roimd eminence at the end of a bone 
in a joint, as of the femur and humerus. [< L. 


con'dylus, fr. /cdvdpAof knuckle.] fcon-dyl-ar- 
thro'sis, articulation by means of condyles, con- 
dy-lec'to-my, excision of a condyle or condyles, 
con-dyl'i on. A craniometrical point situated at 
the lateral tip of the mandibular condyle, 
con'dy-loid. Resembling a condyle; pertaining to 
a condyle. C. centre, one of the six centres of 
ossification for the mandible at which the condyle 
and adjacent parts of the neck are formed. C. 
foramen, any one of the four foramina piercing 
the occipital bone, one in front of (anterior) and 
one behind (posterior) each condyle of that bone. 
C. fossa, a fossa behind each condyle of the oc¬ 
cipital bone; fossa condyloidea*. C. process, the 
stout process ascending from the upper hind part 
of the inferior maxillary bone; processus condy- 
loideus*. It ends in a transverse elliptical knob 
called the condyle. C. tubercle, a tubercle on 
the outer angle of the mandibular condyle, for 
attachment of the external lateral ligament, 
con-dy-lo'ma. A small tumor or wart-like excres¬ 
cence about the anus or pudendum. C. acumina'- 
tum = vERRUCA ACUMINATA. C. la'tum. Flat c., 
a broad, flat condyloma with, frequently, a yel¬ 
low discharge; plaque muqueuse: it is of a syphi¬ 
litic nature. Pointed c. = VERRUCA acuminata. 
C. subcuta'neum = MOLLUSCUM epitheliale. [< 
Kovdv'ko^ knob or tubercle.] fcon-dy-lom'a-tous. 
con-dy-lo'sis, the formation of a condyloma, 
con-dy-lot'o-my. i. Surgical division of a condyle 
or of condyles, as for knock-knee. 2. =Condy- 
LECTOMY. [< KovSvXog condyle fl- re/xveiv to cut.] 
con'dylus. = Condyle. [L.] 

Con'dy’s fluid. A disinfecting fluid consisting of a 
I to 500 solution of potassium permanganate, or 
sodium permanganate, in water, 
cone. A solid figure formed by rotating a right- 
angled triangle on one of its sides as an axis; 
also anything shaped like a cone. C. of attrac¬ 
tion, a conical projection on the surface of the 
ovum within the zona pellucida at the point 
where the spermatozoon will enter. C.=bipolars, 
^ ROD-BiPOLARS. C.sfibres, the attenuated por¬ 
tions of the visual cells on either side of their 
nuclei which connect the retinal cones with the 
outer molecular layer. C.sflower = Echinacea 
ANGUST iFOLiA. C.sgtanules, the nuclei of the 
visual cells of the outer nuclear layer of the 
retina which are connected with the cones. C. 
of the kidney, a malpighian pyramid. C. of light, 
the triangle-shaped reflection of light seen on 
the membrana tympani. Cones of the retina, the 
delicate cone-shaped bodies (the highly special¬ 
ized outer ends of the visual cells) which, with 
the rods, form the second of the ten layers of the 
retina, counting from without inward. 
Retina; twin-cones. [< L. co'nus cone.] 
co-ne'ine. = Coniine. 

co-nes'si bark. The bark of Wright'ia antidysenter'- 
ica, a tree of India, a drug largely used in South 
Asia in dysenteries. It contains co-nes'sine, 
C2oH^oN2, an alkaloid, 
con-fect'. A confection. s^Confectio. 
confec'tio, pi. confectio'nes. A confection, essen¬ 
tially the same as conserve ; something made of 
sugar, as confectionery. C. aromat'ica, “ aro¬ 
matic confection,” a formerly official confection, 
prepared from aromatic powder, 4 troy ounces; 
clarified honey, 4 troy ounces. C. auran'tii cor'- 
ticis, “confection of orange-peel,” a formerly 
official confection, prepared from sweet orange- 
peel and sugar. C. o'pii, “ confection of opium,” 


CONFECTION 


222 


CONHYDRINE 


a formerly official confection, prepared from 
opium, aromatic powder, and clarified honey. 
It is a stimulant narcotic, useful in atonic gout, 
flatulent colic, etc. Dose, 0.3 to 1.3 Gm. (5 to 
20 grs.). C. ro'sae*, “ confection of rose,” a semi¬ 
solid preparation made of red rose, sugar, clari¬ 
fied honey, and stronger rose=water. Its prin¬ 
cipal use is as an adjuvant or a vehicle for the 
administration of other remedies. C. scammo'- 
nii, “ confection of scammony,” a confection 
made of resin of scammony, ginger, oil of cara¬ 
way, oil of cloves, clarified honey, and syrup. 
It is actively cathartic, but is little used. Dose, 
2 to 4 Gm. (30to 60 grs.). C. sen'nae*, “confec¬ 
tion of senna,” a semisolid preparation com¬ 
posed of 10 Gm. of senna, 16 Gm. of cassia fistula, 
10 Gm. of tamarind, 7 Gm. of prune, 12 Gm. of 
bruised fig, 55.5 Gm. of sugar, 0.5 Gm. of oil of 
coriander, and a sufficient quantity of water to 
make 100 Gm. It is an agreeable laxative when 
given in doses of 4 Gm. (60 grs.). C. terebin'- 
thinae (B. P.)= turpentine confection. [L.] 
con-fec'tion. =Confectio. 

con-fec'tion-ers’ disease. A morbid condition of 
the finger-nails and of their matrices, sometimes 
found in working confectioners, 
confer'tus. Standing close together: applied to cuta¬ 
neous efflorescences. [L.] 
con-fig-u-ra'tion. Form depending on relation or 
proportion of parts; general form of the body, 
con-fine'ment. Childbed; parturition. 
con-fir'ma-to-ry incision. Abdominal section made 
to confirm a • diagnosis, as in cases of malignant 
disease of the pelvic organs, 
con'fluens sin'uum*. = Torcular herophili. 
con'iiu-ent. Coherent; blended or running into each 
ol.'ier: applied to the eruption in variola and 
in some other exanthematous diseases, when 
the patches are so thick as to run together, ap¬ 
pearing like one mass of inflammation. C. artic¬ 
ulation, defective articulation in which syllables 
are run together. ^Slurred speech. C. bone, 
a bone formed by two or more parts which 
should be regarded as distinct bones. C. small¬ 
pox, a severe form of smallpox, in which the 
pustules run together. [< L. con'fluens, fr. con 
together -f flu'ere to flow, to run.] 
con-for-ma'tion. The natural form of a part: the 
natural structure of the body, 
con'for-ma-tor. An instrument for obtaining the 
outlines of the skull in craniometry, 
con-fri-ca'tion. The rubbing of a drug to a powder, 
con-fron-ta'tion. The bringing of two persons to¬ 
gether to ascertain, by comparison, the identity 
in nature and origin of their disease, 
con-fu'sion colors. A number of colors which are 
apt to be confused by one who is color-blind: 
used as a test for color-blindness. 

Cong. Abbr. for L. con'gius, a gallon, 
con-ge-la'tion. i. The process of changing a liquid 
to a solid body by the abstraction of heat. 2. 
Frost-bite, or the freezing of any part of the 
living body; dermatitis congelationis. [< L. con 
intensive + gela're to freeze.] 
con'ge-ner. Literally, “of the same kind with an¬ 
other”: applied to muscles which perform the 
same action. [< L. con together + genus kind.] 
con-gen'e-rous muscles. Muscles which combine in 
producing one action or effect, 
con-gen'i-tal. Bom with a person; existing from 
or from before birth; connate. C. cataract, a 
cataract existing at birth, as in all cases of pos¬ 


terior polar cataract. C. dislocation = intra¬ 
uterine DISLOCATION. C. fissure, a fissure or 
cleft existing from birth as a result of arrested 
development. C. hernia, i. Hernia existing at 
birth. 2. A variety of oblique inguinal hernia in 
which the vaginal process of the peritoneum re¬ 
mains open and the bowel descends so as to be 
in direct contact with the testicle. C. hydrocele, 
hydrocele. C. hydrocephalus, hydroceph¬ 
alus. C. inguinal hernia, inguinal hernia. 
C. spastic paraplegia, spastic paraplegia. C. 
syphilis, syphilis. [< L. congen'itus, fr. con 
together or with + gen'itus begotten, bora.] 
con-ges'tion. An excessive accumulation of the 
contents of any of the blood-vessels or ducts. 

Hyper.emia. The most important varieties, 
named from the parts affected, are cerebral, 
spinal, pulmonary, renal, and hepatic. Active c., 
congestion of blood-vessels due to active dilata¬ 
tion of their lumen; fluxion; determination. 
Functional c., increased flow of hlood in an organ 
when it is performing its function, as in a muscle 
during contraction; physiological c. Hypostatic 
c., congestion in the lowest part of an organ 
when the circulation is too feeble to carry up the 
blood against the force of gravity. Passive c., 
congestion of vessels from a passive yielding of 
their walls to intravascular pressure. Physiolog¬ 
ical c., functional congestion. [< L. conge'rere 
to carry or heap together.] fcon-ges'ted, crowded 
very closely; affected by or in a state of con¬ 
gestion. con-ges'tive, as C. abscess, an abscess 
in which the pus cannot gather because of re¬ 
sistance of surrounding tissues and appears at a 
place removed from the primary seat of inflam¬ 
mation, as in the psoas abscess: C. apoplexy, a 
functional derangement of the nervous system re¬ 
sembling apoplexy and due to congestion: C. 
disease, a disease marked by congestion or hyper- 
agmia: C. dysmenorrhcea, ^ dysmenorrhcea: C. 
headache, headache due to hyperaemia: and C. 
stricture, stricture due to congestion, 
con'gius. A gallon: abbr. C. [L.] 
con-glo'bate gland. A gland subsisting by itself, as 
those of the lymphatic system; a gland not con¬ 
glomerate or compound. (This is an ancient 
distinction: in modern use the agminate glands 
are also sometimes called conglobate.) 
con-glom'e-rate. Clustered or heaped together; ir¬ 
regularly crowded together. C. gland, a com¬ 
pound gland; a gland composed of several lobules 
bound together by a common investment, as 
the salivary, parotid, pancreatic, etc. 
con-glu'tin. A vegetable proteid found in lupines 
and almonds. It is very much like legumin, and 
by some is regarded as a variety of it. [< L. 
con together + gluti'na gluten.] 
con-glu'ti-nant. Promoting the union of parts, as 
the lips of a wound. 

con-glu-ti-na'tion. Abnormal union of two con¬ 
tiguous surfaces by an exudation, as between the 
glans penis and inner surface of the prepuce. 
Con'go floorsmaggot. Auchmeromyia luteola. 
Con'gosred. A red pigment turned blue by hydro¬ 
chloric acid. C.sred test = Riegel’s test. 
con'gre-gate glands. The glands which constitute 
Peyer’s patches; aggregate glands, 
con-gres'sus, con'gress. = Coitus. C. interrup'tus, 
incomplete performance of the sexual act; con¬ 
jugal onanism. [ < L. congre'di to meet together.] 
con-hy'drine. A poisonous alkaloid, CgHj^NO, from 
Coni'um macula'tum; oxyconiine. 


CONI TUBULOSI 


223 


CONOID 


co'ni tubulo'si. The renal pyramids. C. vasculo'si, 
the conical convolutions of the vasa efferentia of 
the testes. They constitute the epididymis. [L.] 
con'i-cal, con'ic. Belonging to the cone; shaped 
like a cone. C. bougie, a bougie that tapers from 
one end to the other. C. cornea, staphyloma 
coRNE.^:; KERATOCONUS. C. papillae, i. Numer¬ 
ous small cones, scattered over the whole anterior 
part of the dorsum of the tongue; pyramidal 
papillae; papillae conicae*. They bear the fili¬ 
form PAPILLA, def. I. 2. = Filiform papillae, 
def. I. C. stump = suGARsLOAF STUMP. C. tre¬ 
phine, a cone=shaped trephine arranged to cease 
cutting when a bone has been perforated, 
co-nid'ium, pi. canid'ia. A nonssexual spore de¬ 
veloped at the end of the hyphae by budding, 
co-nif'e-rin. A glucoside, CigH2208-t-2H20, existing 
in the wood of coniferous trees, 
co-ni'ine, co'nine. The active principle, CgHj^N, of 
Coni'um macula'tum; cicutine. It is a liquid 
alkaloid and a narcotic poison. It is sometimes 
useful as a local application relieving pain. Dose, 
0.015 to 0.03 Cc. to ^ min.). Dose of the hy- 
drobromate, 0.001 to 0.002 Gm. to gr.). 
fco'ni-ism, poisoning with coniine: marked by 
paralysis, beginning at the legs and spreading 
over the body with retention of consciousness, 
co-ni-op'si-dal lens. A thick, slightly concave lens 
for correcting spherical aberration, 
con-i-o'sis. A diseased condition due to inhalation 
of dust or particles of solid matter. [ < kovl^ dust.] 
Coni'um*. i. A genus of umbelliferous plants, the 
hemlocks. 2. The U. S. P. name of the full* 
grown but unripe fruit of Coni'um macula'tum 
Linne (Fam. Umbellif'erce), 
carefully preserved and 
dried, and yielding when 
assayed by the process 
given by the U. S. P. not 
less than 0.5% coniine. 

The drug deteriorates with 
age, and should not be used 
after two years. Hemlock 
is narcotic and sedative. 

In large doses it causes 
vertigo, dimness of vision, 
nausea, numbness in the 
limbs, convulsions, and 
death. Sometimes death 
ensues from paralysis without coma or convulsions. 
It is employed medicinally as a palliative in can¬ 
cerous ulcers, painful scrofulous tumors, etc.; also 
in chronic rheumatism, neuralgia, asthma, and 
phthisis. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). ^ Fluidex- 

TRACTUM CONII*. 

con'jee, con'gee. Water from boiled rice, 
con-joined' or con-joint' manipulation. = Biman¬ 
ual PALPATION. C. tendon, the common tendon 
of the internal oblique and transversalis muscles 
which is inserted into the crest and the pectineal 
line of the pubis. 

con'ju-gal. Relating to marriage. C. diabetes, dia¬ 
betes affecting both the husband and the wife. 
C. onanism = coNGRESsus interruptus. 
con'ju-gate. Yoked; joined in pairs. C. deviation, 
the simultaneous turning of both eyes to the 
same side, frequently observed in hemiplegia. 
C. diameter, the anteroposterior diameter of the 
superior strait of the pelvis. C. focus, focus. 
C. sulphate, js" SULPHATE. C. symphyseal angle, 
the angle at the pubic symphysis between the pubic 
bone and the conjugate diameter of the pelvis. 


con'ju-ga-ted proteins. Substances in which the 
protein molecule is united to a “prosthetic group.” 
con-ju-ga'tion. A form of asexual reproduction in 
which one organism unites with another to form 
a new being; zygosis. C.5nucleus = sEGMENTA- 
TioNsNucLEUs. [ < L. con with -f juga're to join.] 
con-junc-ti'va*, pi. -ce. The delicate mucous mem¬ 
brane lining the inner surfaces of the eyelids 
{palpebral c.) and covering the exposed portion of 
the eyeball {ocular or bulbar c.). [L.] fcon-junc- 
ti'val, as C. fold, the loose fold which joins the 
palpebral and the ocular portion of the conjunc¬ 
tiva: C. g/awds = Bruch’s AGGREGATE glands: C. 
portion, ^ cornea : C. reflex, a reflex consisting of 
winking, secretion of tears, etc., produced by irri¬ 
tation of the eyeball: and C. sac, the space 
enclosed between the posterior surface of the lids 
and the front of the eyeball, 
con-junc'tive tissue. = Connective tissue. 
con-junc-ti-vi'tis. Inflammation of the conjuncti¬ 
va; epipephycitis. Atropine c., follicular c. due 
to the continued use of atropine. Catarrhal c., 
a mild form of conjunctivitis due to cold or 
irritation. C. croupo'sa, conjunctivitis marked 
by the formation of a false membrane; mem¬ 
branous c. Diphtheritic c., a purulent form at¬ 
tended with inflammatory infiltration and ne¬ 
crosis of the mucous membrane. Egyptian c. 
= TRACHOMA. Exanthematous c., c. occurring 
in measles, smallpox, etc. Follicular c., catar¬ 
rhal c. marked by the formation of follicles of 
adenoid tissue. Gonorrhoeal c. = gonorrhoeal 
OPHTHALMIA. C. granulo'sa = TRACHOMA. Hem¬ 
orrhagic c. = piNKsEYE. C. lymphat'ica, phlyc¬ 
tenular conjunctivitis. Membranous c. = C. 
CROUPOSA. Parinaud’s c., Parinaud. Phlyc-- 
tenular c., a form of conjunctivitis marked 
by the formation of phlyctenules which become 
pustules, and then, discharging, leave ulcers; c. 
lymphatica. Vernal c. = spring conjunctivitis. 
conk. The nose. 

con'nate. Bom with one; congenital; arising from 
the same source. [< L. conna'tus,tv. together 
-{-nas'ci to be bom, to grow.] 
con-nec'ting filaments. Threads of achromatin uni¬ 
ting the free ends of the corresponding limbs 
of the separating segments of the equatorial 
plate in karyokinesis. C. link = amboceptor. 
con-nec'tive. Joining; connecting. C. tissue, the 
tissue which supports and connects other tissues 
and organs. The chief varieties are areolar, 
adipose, retiform, lymphoid, elastic, fibrous (to 
which the term is often specially applied), and 
mucoid (jelly=like) connective tissue, and carti¬ 
lage, dentine, and bone. Embryonal c. tissue, mu¬ 
coid connective tissue. Fibrous c. tissue, a col¬ 
lective term including areolar, white fibrous, and 
yellow elastic tissues. C.stissue tumors, tumors 
developed from some connectivestissue structure, 
as lipoma, fibroma, myxoma, glioma, chondroma, 
and sarcoma. [< L. connec'tere to connect.] 
Con'nell’s suture. One used in circular enteror- 
rhaphy in which one half of the intestinal lumen 
is sutured by stitching through all the coats and 
the other half closed by a continuous suture, 
con-nic-ta'tion. The act of winking, 
con-ni'vent valves. =Valvulae conniventes*. 
co-no-ceph'a-lous. Having a conesshaped head, 
co-noc'e-ras. = Keratoconus. 
co'noid. Resembling a cone; coniform. C. body, 
the pineal gland. C. ligament, the inner portion 
of the coracoclavicular ligament. C. process = 



CONOIDAL VARICELLA 


224 


CONSUMPTION 


C. TUBERCLE. C. substonce of the kidney, the 
medullary substance of the kidney: so called from 
the shape of the malpighian pyramids. C. teeth, 
the canine teeth. C. tubercle, a rough eminence 
on the under surface of the clavicle for the 
attachment of the conoid ligament, 
co-noi'dal varicella. = Varicella coniformis. 
co-no-my-oid'in. A material in the retinal rods 
causing them to move under the influence of 
light. 

con-op h-thal'mus. = Staphyloma. 

Conorhi'nus nigrova'rius and C. sanguisu^ga. Epi- 
zoan insects which sometimes feed on man but 
are not truly parasitic. The former is also called 
Pam'pas benchu'cha. 

con-quas-sa'tion. Complete crushing. [< L. con 
together + quassa're to shatter.] fcon-quas'sant, 
as C. pains, labor^pains at greatest intensity, 
con-qui-nam'ine. One of the cinchona alkaloids: 

said to be identical with quinamidine. 
con'qui-nine. =Quinidine. 

Con'radi’s nutrient medium. = DrigalskisCon- 

RADI MEDIUM. 

con-san-guin'i-ty. Family relationship by blood. 
[< L. con together + san'guis blood.] fcon-san- 
guin'e-ous, as C. marriage. 
con'scious-ness. Power or faculty of noting im¬ 
pressions of the senses; state of being impressible 
by the senses, or responsive to sensations, 
con-sec'u-tive aneurism. A collection of blood ex- 
travasated in consequence of the rupture of an 
aneurism or a wound of an artery. C. dislocation. 
I. Dislocation in which the displaced bone has 
changed its position. 2. = Pathological dislo¬ 
cation. C. insanity, insanity acquired as second- 
. ary to some other disease. C. nephritis = pyelitis. 

C. oscillation, transferencesPhenomena. 
con-sen'sual motion or reflex. A motion excited 
by reflex sense ^stimulation without direction of 
the will, as the contraction of the pupil of one 
eye on the application of light to the other, 
con-sfer'van-cy. Legislation on public hygiene, 
con-ser-va'tion. In pharmacy, the art of preserv¬ 
ing drugs and medicines from alteration and loss 
by placing them in vessels and places best 
adapted to prevent them from losing their prop¬ 
erties. C. of energy, energy. 
con-ser'va-tive medicine. That method in the treat¬ 
ment of disease which aims especially at the 
conservation and development of the vital 
powers, in contradistinction to the method 
whose chief aim is by active remedies to destroy 
or expel the disease, instead of seeking to build 
up the strength of the patient. C. surgery, 
surgery in which the object is to save the part 
rather than to remove it; salvation surgery, 
con'serve. A confect ; a composition of vegetable 
substance and sugar beaten to a uniform mass, 
con-sist'ence. Degree of density or of cohesion of 
a body; durability, tcon-sist'en-cy. 
con-sol-i-da'tion. The process of becoming or state 
of being solid and firm, as of lungstissue. [ < L. 
consolidate to make firm.] fcon-sol'i-dant, pro¬ 
moting union, or healing, as a remedy. 
consomm6 (coh-sd-m6). A clear soup made by the 
slow boiling of meat and containing a large pro¬ 
portion of gelatin; bouillon: named on account of 
its summing up or including all the richest and 
best ingredients of the meat. k®*Beefstea. [F.] 
con'so-nant. Of or pertaining to respiratory sounds 
which appear increased by another sound, 
con'so-na-ting rale. = Metallic rale. 


con'stant. i. Firm; stable; invariable; never fail¬ 
ing. 2. A fact, datum, or value that does not 
change or vary. C. battery or cell, a battery giv¬ 
ing a constant current. C. current, the uninter¬ 
rupted or galvanic current of electricity. C. 
strabismus, strabismus. 
con-sti-pa'tion. Infrequent or incomplete alvine 
evacuation, leading to retention of faeces which 
are usually .solid and deficient in quantity, while 
defecation is generally difficult or even pain¬ 
ful; coprostasis; costiveness. [< L. constipa'tio, 
fr. con together +stipa're to stuff.] fcon'sti-pa-ted. 
con-stit'u-ent. i. Constituting; elementary. 2. 
Any ingredient of a compound. C. molecules, 
MOLECULE. [<L. consiitu'ere to compose.] 
con-sti-tu'tion. i. The general make-up or com¬ 
position of a body. 2. The general habit, 
temperament, or conformation of the body. ^ 
Diathesis. C. of the air, that peculiar condition 
of the air which causes epidemics or which im¬ 
presses upon epidemic or sporadic diseases their 
peculiar character; epidemic constitution. [<L. 
constitu'tio, fr. consiitu'ere to form, to constitute.] 
con-sti-tu'tion-al. i. Belonging to or depending 
upon the constitution. C. abscess, an abscess due 
to a general disease, as tuberculosis or pyaemia. 
C. anomaly, a morbid condition affecting the en¬ 
tire organism. C. diseases, diseases that are 
hereditary or diseases generated from within in 
the course of the wear and tear, nutrition, and 
waste of the body in consequence of inherent or 
acquired defects. C. formula, i^chemical formu¬ 
la. C. sjrmptom, a symptom which is indicative 
of disturbance or disease of the whole organ¬ 
ism; a general symptom. C. syphilis, secondary 
SYPHILIS. C. ulcer, an ulcer which is the local ex¬ 
pression of a general or constitutional disorder as 
tuberculosis. 2. An exercise taken for the ben¬ 
efit of the constitution or of the general health, 
con-stric'tion. i. A contraction or stricture; that 
which contracts; spasm of a part; a morbid sen¬ 
sation of tightness. 2. A constricted part. [< L. 
con together + sirin'gere to draw.] fcon-stric'ting, 
as C. band of i?a«t;tVr = annular disk, con- 
stringe', to contract or draw together, con-strin'- 
gent, inducing constriction, 
con-stric'tor, pi. constricto'res. i. A muscle that 
draws together or contracts any opening of the 
body, such as the pharynx. C. a'ni = sphinc¬ 
ter ANi. C. isth'mi fau'cium, the palatoglossus 
muscle. C. o'ris = ORBICULARIS ORIS. Constric¬ 
to'res pharyn'gis, muscles forming a part of the 
parietes of the pharynx, which they contract. 
C. superior = MYLOPHARYNGEUS. C. ure'thrae = 
COMPRESSOR URETHRA. C. vagi'nsB, the bulbo- 
cavemosus muscle in the female; the sphincter 
vaginas. 2. An instrument used in compression, 
con-struc'tive metabolism, Metabolism ; anab¬ 
olism. 

con-sul-ta'tion. The meeting of two or more phy¬ 
sicians to consult or deliberate on a particular 
phase of disease, usually in the presence of the 
patient. [<L. to consult.] fcon-sult', 

a skilled practitioner or adviser, con-sul'tant, a 
consulting physician or surgeon, con-sul-tee', a 
physician or surgeon who iseonsulted. con-sul'- 
ter, a person, as a practitioner or a patient, whc 
asks for advice. 

con-sump'tion. Any wasting of the body, but 
usually applied to phthisis pulmonalis. i^Phthi- 
sis; tabes; tuberculosis. [< L. consump'tio, 
fr. consu'mere to consume or waste away.] fcon- 


CONT. REM. 


225 


CONTRACTION 


sump'tive. i. Of the nature of consumption. 2. 
A person suffering from pulmonary phthisis, con- 
sump'tives’ weed = Eriodictyon glutinosum. 
Cont. rem. Abbr. for L. continue'tur reme'dia, let 
the medicine be continued, 
con-ta-bes'cent. Wasting away; causing, affected 
by, or associated with marasmus, 
con'tact. The state of two bodies that touch each 
other. Contagious diseases are spread by direct 
or immediate contact when a healthy person 
touches a diseased body; by mediate or indirect 
■ contact when the disease is carried by the air or 
some material that the sick person has touched. 
C.sbreaker, an induction =coil apparatus for mak¬ 
ing and breaking the electric circuit. [< L. con- 
tac'tus, fr. con together + tan'gere to touch.] 
fcon-tac'tu al, relating to contact; due to contact, 
con-ta'gion. i. The communication of a disease 
by contact (mediate or immediate) or by inhaling 
the effluvia from one already affected: often used 
as synonymous with infection. 2. The specific 
agency by which a disease is communicated and 
developed; contagion. [< L. conta'gio, fr. contin'- 
gere to touch, to affect.] tcon-ta*gi-o-mi-as- 
mat'ic, propagated by contagion as well as by 
miasma, con-ta'gion-ist, one who maintains the 
opinion that certain specific disorders are con¬ 
tagious. con-ta-gi-os'i-ty, the degree of contag¬ 
iousness of a disease, con-ta'gious, communic¬ 
able by contagion or by contact, as C. abortion, a 
fatal disease of cows known as warping, in which 
treatment by antiseptic vaginal injections is 
recommended: due to a micro-organism, con- 
ta'gious-ness. 

con-ta'gi um. The virus, miasm, or minute organ¬ 
ism which acts as an agent in the transmission of 
contagious diseases. C. vi'vum, a living organ¬ 
ism, animal or vegetable, which serves as the 
germ of a communicable disease. [L.] 
con-tam-i-na'tion. Infection by contact. [< L. con- 
tamina'tio, fr. con together + tan'gere to touch.] 
con'test theory. The theory of chemotaxis. „ 

con-ti-gu'i-ty. i. The state of two things which 
touch each other; actual contact. 2. In surgery, 
a joint as contrasted with a continuous bone. 
Amputation in c., amputation made through a 
joint and not dividing the bone. Solution of c., 
separation of two parts which are normally in 
contact; dislocation. [< L. contig'uus contigu¬ 
ous.] fcon-tig'u-ous, touching; placed in con¬ 
tact, or so near as to seem to touch, 
con'ti-nence. Self-restraint, especially with relation 
to sexual indulgence. [< L. contine're to hold 
back.] fcon'ti-nent, as con'ti-nent fever.= Con¬ 
tinued FEVER. 

con-tin'ued current. = Constant current. C. 
fever, a fever in which the symptoms do not 
intermit till its termination. C. suture = glov¬ 
ers’ SUTURE. 

con-ti-nu'i-ty. i. A union of parts not separable 
without laceration or fracture. 2. Relating to 
bone as contrasted with a joint. Amputation in 
c., amputation in which the bone is cut through. 
Solution of c., the separation by fracture or 
laceration of parts previously continuous, 
con-tin'u-ous. The reverse of interrupted ; with¬ 
out interruption. C. current, a constant, unin¬ 
terrupted electric current moving in one direc¬ 
tion. C. spectrum, a spectrum in which the 
different colors merge into one another by insen¬ 
sible degrees, no lines or bands being present. 
C. suture = glovers’ suture. C. tremor, tremor 

15 


resembling that of paralysis agitans, but which 
may remit or be controlled by the will. [< L. 
contine're to hold or keep together.] 
con-tor'tion. Straining or distortion of a limb pro¬ 
duced by twisting; conclination. [ < L. contor'tio, 
fr. con torque're to twist.] 

contour (con-tur' or con'tur). i. An outline. 2. In 
dentistry, to restore the natural or normal out¬ 
lines of a tooth. C. filling, a filling which restores 
the crown of a tooth to its original shape. C. lines 
= Schreger’s lines, t con-toured', applied in 

bacteriology to an irregular, smoothly undulating 
surface like that of a relief map. 
con'tra. A Latin preposition signifying “against,” 
“over against,” or “opposite to.” 
con-trasap-er-tu'ra. A counteropening; an open¬ 
ing made in an abscess opposite one already ex¬ 
isting to facilitate the discharge of matter, 
con'tract practice, i. The taking of the medical 
treatment of the members, often with their fami¬ 
lies, of a lodge, society, or organization, for a 
lump sum, the amount paid being below the 
regular fees charged for similar services by the 
physicians of the neighborhood. 2. The treat¬ 
ment of the employees of a railroad, factory, 
store, mine, etc., on salary, or at so much per 
person. C. surgeon, a physician taken into the 
emergency service of the United States in the 
late Cuban war. 

con-trac'ted. Drawn together; shrunk. C. kidney 
= ARTERIOSCLEROTIC KIDNEY. C. nephritis, IS- 
NEPHRiTis, CHRONIC, def. 2. C. palmar fascia = 
DuPUYTREN’s CONTRACTION, 
con-trac'tile. Having the power or tendency to 
contract; possessing contractility. C. disks = 
SARCOUS DISKS. C. fibre=cells, elongated, spindle- 
shaped, nucleated cells, which collected into 
bundles compose unstriped muscular fibre. C. 
stricture, a stricture which returns after having 
been dilated. C. substance, i. The contractile 
portion of a muscular fibre. 2. Living pro¬ 
toplasm having the power of contracting. C. 
vacuole, a vacuole which regularly dilates and 
contracts and is supposed to have an excretory 
function: seen in amoebae and infusorians, 
con-trac-til'i-ty. i. A property by which the par¬ 
ticles of bodies resume their original position 
when the power applied to separate them is 
withdrawn. 2. That vital property giving cer¬ 
tain parts (as muscles) the power to contract, 
con-trac'tion. i. The shortening of the living fibre 
on the application of stimulus; muscular effort. 

2. The shortening of a muscle from some morbid 
cause. Some of the varieties of contraction are 
Anodal closure, Anodal opening, Carpo¬ 
pedal, Cathodal closure. Cathodal opening. 
Cicatricial, Dupuytren’s, Fibrillary, Front- 
tap, Gowers' s (= front-tap). Hour-glass, Ideo- 
MUSCULAR, MyOTATIC, OPENING, PARADOXICAL, 
Rheumatic, Tonic or tetanic (t^ spasm), and 
Westphal’s. C.sfurrows, curved furrows near 
the ciliary edge of the iris, caused by the folding 
of the iris during dilatation of the pupil. C. of 
the palmar fascia = Dupuytren’s contraction. 
C.sremainder, contraction persisting in a muscle 
after cessation of the stimulus. C.sring =Bandl’s 
RING. C.swave, a sort of wave passing along a 
muscle-fibre when contraction of the muscle 
takes place, formed by a shortening and broaden¬ 
ing of a limited portion of the fibre, which 
affects consecutive portions in regular order. 

3. An expulsive effort of the uterus. 


CONTRACTOR PUPILL^ 


226 


CONVOLUTION 


contrac'tor pupiTlae. = Sphincter iridis. 
con'tractssur'geon. One who does surgical work by 
contract, as for a lodge or the government, 
con-trac'ture. i. A permanent rigidity of the flexor 
muscles. 2. A persistently contracted muscle; 
an organ or part distorted by permanent contrac¬ 
tion of muscles or shrinkage of tissues, 
comtrasex-ten'sion. = Counterextension. 
con*tra-fis-su'ra. A fracture in a part opposite or 
distant from that in which the blow is received; 
fracture by contrecoup or counterstroke, 
con-tra-flux'ion. The induction of a congested state 
by artificial means, chiefly for therapeutical pur¬ 
poses; counterirritation. 

con*trasin-di-ca'tion. That which forbids the use 
of a remedy which otherwise it would be proper 
to exhibit; any condition of disease which ren¬ 
ders some special line of treatment or some par¬ 
ticular remedy undesirable or improper, fcon- 
tra=in'di-cant, as C. symptom, a symptom indica¬ 
ting a different diagnosis or treatment from 
that under consideration or in practice, 
con-tra-lat'e-ral. On the opposite side: applied 
to paralysis in which the anatomical lesion is 
on the opposite side of the body. C. muscle, a 
muscle which acts in conjunction with a muscle 
or muscles on the opposite side of the body, 
con'tra-ry sexual instinct. = Homosexuality. 
con'trast stain. A stain used to color an unstained 
portion of a tissue another element of which has 
already been stained with a different color, 
con-tra-stim'u-lus. A force acting in opposition to 
a stimulus; a remedy or agent opposed to a stim¬ 
ulus. fcon-tra-stim'u-lant; con-tra-stim'u-lism. 
con-tra-yer'va. The root of Dorste'nia contrayer'va 
or D. hrasilien'sis. It is a stimulant tonic and 
diaphoretic, but it is seldom used in the United 
States. Dose of powdered root, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 
contrecoup (c6h-tr-cff). The shock or effect pro¬ 
duced in one part of the body by a shock or blow 
on another part which is remote or opposite. 
Fracture by c. = coNTRAFissuRA. [F.] 
con-trec-ta'tion. i. Examination by the fingers. 

2. Manipulation in massage, 
con-trol'. In scientific observation or experiment, 
the determination of sources of error; precaution 
against mistakes in observation or induction. 

Inhibition. C. animal, (^control experi¬ 
ment. C. experiment, an experiment performed 
under natural conditions to serve as a standard 
of comparison with experiments performed 
under unusual circumstances. Two animals, one 
rendered immune to a given virus, and called 
the immune animal, the other not rendered im¬ 
mune, and called the control animal, are inocu¬ 
lated with the virus. The action of the virus 
on the immune animal is compared with its action 
on the normal animal, Blank test. 
con-tund'. To bmise; to beat small, as a drug, 
con-tu'sion. i. Injury by an obtuse weapon, or by 
violent collision against a hard body, without 
breach of the integuments; a bruise. 2. In 
pharmacy, the act of reducing a solid substance 
to particles by bruising in a mortar. C. cataract, 
one which is the result of ocular contusion or a 
shock to the system. C. pneumonia, pneumonia 
following an injury. [ < L. contu'sio, fr. contun'- 
dere to bruise.] fcon-tuse', to bruise, con-tused', 
as C. wound, wound. 

co'nus. I. The wedge-shaped posterior staphyloma 
of the eye seen on the fundus of the eye in 
myopia; myopic crescent. 2. The roimded ante¬ 


rior part of the corpus striatum. C. arterio'sus*, 
the upper anterior angle of the right ventricle of 
the heart, from which the pulmonary artery 
springs. C. elas'ticus* = cricothyroid mem¬ 
brane. C. medulla'ris* or termina'lis, the conical 
or cone-shaped end of the spinal cord, ending 
in the filum terminale. C. vasculo'sus, any one 
of the cones formed by the closely coiled vasa 
efferentia of the epididymis and forming the head 
of that body; corpus pyramidale testis; sper¬ 
matic cone. [L.] 

con-va-les'cence. The state or period between the 
removal of actual disease and recovery of health 
and strength. [ < L. convales'cere to grow strong 
or well.] fcon-va-les'cent, relating to convales¬ 
cence, as C. diet, a light, simple, and appetizing 
diet for patients recovering from illness. 

Convalla'ria*. i. A genus of liliaceous plants. C. 
maja'lis, lily of the valley, a native of Europe, 
Virginia, and the Carolinas, bears fragrant milk- 
white flowers. The flowers and root have been 
employed as an errhine, and the former as a 
cathartic. Its chief use is as a cardiac stimulant 
with diuretic properties. It contains the gluco- 
sides con-val-lam'a-rin, C23H4^0i2, given in doses 
of 0.05 Gm. (f gr.), con-val-la-re'tin, and con- 
vaiaa-rin, C34H62O11, given in doses of 0.12 to 0.25 



Microscopic Section of Convallaria. 


Gm. (2 to 4 grs.). 2. TheU.S. P. name for the dried 
rhizome and roots of C. maja'lis. Dose, 0.5 Gm. 
(7^ grs.). Fluidextractum convallari^*. 

con-vec'tion. The act of carrying or transmission, 
particularly that mode of heat-propagation in 
liquids and gases in which the heated particles 
below rise and the cold particles above descend 
to take their place and then in turn become 
heated and rise. 

con-ver'gence. The act or condition of being di¬ 
rected toward a common point, as of the mu¬ 
tual inclination of the visual axes. Negative 
c., divergence of the visual axes. [< L. con 
together-I-to incline, to bend.] foon- 
ver'gent, as C. strabismus, ^ strabismus. 

con'vex. Heaped up, swelling up like a heap of 
grain or like part of a sphere; presenting an 
elevated rounded surface. [< L. convex'us, fr. 
con together -4- ve'here to carry.] tcon-vex'i-ty. 

1. The outer or convex part of a curved surface; 
a surface which is convex. C.^meningitis, menin¬ 
gitis localized on the convex surface of the brain. 

2. The state of being convex, con-vex'o-con'- 
cave=coNCAVocoNVEX. con-vex'o-con'vex, hav¬ 
ing both surfaces convex. 

con-vo-lu'tion. i. The act of rolling a thing upon 
itself. 2. Any thing which is rolled together or 
upon itself, especially an elevated portion of the 



CONVOLVULIN 


227 


COPPER 


cerebral cortex between two fissures; gyrus. 
For the various convolutions see their adjectival 
headings and gyrus. C. of the corpus callosum 
= GYRUS FORNiCATUS*. [< L. convolu'Ho, fr. 
con together + vol'vere to roll, to wrap.] tcon'vo- 
lute, con'vo-lu-ted, rolled together, as C. bone, a 
turbinated bone; a turbinal: C. gland, a gland 
whose tube is coiled into a mass; and C. iubule, 
the contorted portion of a uriniferous tubule, 
con-vol'vu-lin. An actively cathartic glucoside, 
CjiHjoOjg, obtainable in large proportion from 
the resin of jalap. From it con-vol'vu-lic acid, 
a white crystalline acid, C3iHg20i7, is derived. 
Convol'vulus. A genus of plants; the bindweeds. 
C. pandura'tus, man^root; wild potato. Ifs tuber 
is feebly cathartic and diuretic. Dose of dried 
root, 2.6 Gm. (40 grs.). C. scammo'nia=scAM- 
MONiuM*. [< L. convol'vere to entwine.] 
con-vul'sion. Violent agitation of the limbs or 
body, generally marked by clonic spasms; eclamp¬ 
sia. Epilepsy. Some varieties of convul¬ 
sion are Central, Choreic, Essential (= spon¬ 
taneous), Infantile, Internal, Local, Mimet¬ 
ic or mimic, Puerperal, Salaam (= nodding 
spasm). Spontaneous, and Uremic. C. centre, 
a centre situated on the medulla oblongata, which 
when stimulated produces convulsions. [< L. 
convul'sio, fr. convel'lere to pull together.] fcon- 
vul'sant, con-vul'si-vant, causing or producing 
convulsions, as a drug. con-vul-si-bil'i-ty = 
SPASMOPHiLi.\. con-vul'sion-al, as C. centre = 
CONVULSION CENTRE, con-vul'sive, as C. cough 
= cynobex: C. melancholy, melancholy associ¬ 
ated with epileptic symptoms: C. tic, spasm of 
the muscles supplied by the facial nerve: and C. 
tremor — paramyoclonus. 
con'yl-ene. A colorless, oily compound, CgHj^, ob¬ 
tained from various coniine compounds; octinene. 
coo'lie itch. A superficial vesicular dermatitis, 
confined to the lower extremities; due to the 
larvae of Uncina'ria duodena'lis. 
cool'ing coil. = Leiter’s coil. 

Coop'er’s fascia. = Scarpa’s fascia. C.’s hernia, 
retroperitoneal hernia. C.’s irritable breast = 
MASTODYNiA. C.’s irritable testicle, neuralgic 
pain in the testicle. C.’s ligament, the suspen¬ 
sory ligament of the breast. C.’s operation, liga¬ 
tion of the external iliac artery: an incision is 
made parallel to and an inch below Poupart’s 
ligament. C.’s reflected tendon, a small band of 
the tendon of the transversalis muscle, reflected 
downward and outward from the conjoined ten¬ 
don and passing behind the spermatic cord, 
coo'rash. A severe form of itch affecting the lower 
classes of native Africans, 
co-dr'bi-tal angle. The angle formed by the inter¬ 
section of the biorbital plane with the anatomi¬ 
cal plane of the head. 

co-dr-di-na'tion. A normal combination or se¬ 
quence of function and a harmonious working of 
parts and organs, especially of voluntary muscles, 
fco-br'di-nate, as C. cramps = circus move¬ 
ments. co-dr'di-na-ting, as C. centre, which con¬ 
trols or modifies the action of another centre, 
co-ds'si-fi-ca'tion. The bony union of parts usually 
or previously separate, fco-ds'si-fy, to ossify so 
as to form one mass. 

copaiba*, copaiva (co-pe'ba, co-p6'va), gen. -bcB, 
-vcB. An oleoresin obtained from various South 
American species of Copai'ba ( Fam. Legumino'- 
soe). Copaiba is gently stimulant, diuretic, and 
laxative, and in large doses sometimes actively 


purgative. It is much used in gonorrhoea and 
other diseases of the mucous membranes, espe¬ 
cially those of a chronic character. Dose, i Cc. 
(15 mins.). C. mass = MASSA COPAIBA. Copai'- 
bae o'leum = OLEUM copaiba*. [< Sp. copal an 
odoriferous gum + iba or iva tree.] 
copaivic acid (co-pe'vfc). A crystalline resinous 
acid, C20H30O2, from copaiba, fco-pai'vate, a salt 
of copaivic acid, as sodium copaivate. 
co'pal. A resinous substance obtained from various 
species of Hymence'a, trees growing in Africa and 
America. Much of the best African copal is fos¬ 
silized, or nearly so, and is in part dug from the 
earth. Indian copal is obtained from Vate'ria 
in'dica. Dissolved in alcohol, it has been used 
as a remedy for spongy gums. It is stimulant, 
but it is at present chiefly or solely employed as 
a varnish. cs^Anime; dammar; kauri. 
co-pal'chi bark. i. The bark of Strych'nos pseudo- 
qui'na, a native of Brazil. It is febrifuge, and 
not poisonous. 2. The product of Cro'ton 
ni'veus, a native of Mexico. It is an aromatic 
tonic employed in inte’rmittents by the Mex¬ 
icans, and has the same properties as cascarilla. 
co'palm. =Liquidambar styraciflua. 

Cope'man’s method. Slight dilatation of the cervix 
uteri to relieve the vomiting of pregnancy, 
co-pho'sis. Deafness. [ < Koxpog deaf.] fco-phot'ic. 
cop-o-dys-ci-ne'si a. Difficult or irregular motion 
due to fatigue from constant repetition of the 
same action. [< Korrog fatigue -f dyscinesia.] 
co-pop'si a, cop-o'pi a, co-pi-o'pi a. Fatigue of vis¬ 
ion ; worn=out condition of the eye. 
cop'os. I. Lassitude. 2. Cramp in the sural mus¬ 
cles. [< KOTTog weariness.] 
cop'per. A red malleable and ductile metallic ele¬ 
ment; sp. gr., 8.6; at. wt., 63.1; symbol, Cu. It 
is often found in a metallic state, also combined 
with oxygen, sulphur, etc. C. acetate, a sub¬ 
stance, Cu(C 2H302)2+ H2O, occurring in the form 
of deep green prismatic crystals, having a nau¬ 
seating metallic taste and an acid reaction: used 
in a weak solution as an astringent in gonor- 
rhcea, conjunctivitis, and skin diseases, and 
internally in anaemia and lung affections. Dose, 
0.006 to 0.03 Gm. ( y^ to ^ gr.). C. amalgam, a 
dental filling composed of copper and mercury. 
C. ammoniosulphate, Cu(NH3)4S04 + H2O, is 
used externally like the sulphate and internally 
as an antispasmodic; ammoniated copper. Dose, 
0.033 to 0.2 Gm. (^ to 3 grs.). C. arsenite, a 
green pigment, CUHASO3, called Scheele's green 
or Swedish green. It is poisonous, and is used 
extensively as a remedy against injurious and 
destructive insects. It has also been recom¬ 
mended for use in diarrhcea, dysentery, and 
cholera, in the latter being used in very small 
doses at frequent intervals. Ordinary dose, 
0.0006 to 0.0025 Gm. (y^^ to gr.). C. carbo¬ 
nate is recommended as an antidote for phos¬ 
phorus, and has been found useful in neuralgias. 
C. chloride, a green crystalline salt, CuClj 4 - 
2H2O, used as an alterative and a disinfectant. 
C. nitrate, Cu(N03)2 + 3H2O, is used like the 
sulphate. C.=nose, acne rosacea. C. oleate has 
been recommended in the treatment of ring¬ 
worm. C. subacetate, verdigris, Cu(HO)2(C2H3- 
02)2. is sometimes used as an application to 
malignant ulcers and as an escharotic for vene¬ 
real warts. C. sulphate = cupRi SULPHAS*. [< 
EvTcpog the island of Cyprus, where the ancients 
procured the best copper.] 


COPPERAS 


228 


CORDIFORM 


cop'pe-ras. Ferrous sulphate, or green vitriol, 
cop'per-head. Snake. 

copr-, cop'ro-. Relating to the faeces; scat-, scato-: 
a combining form. [< KOTzpoq dung.] co-prae'- 
mi a, a morbid condition due to the retention of 
fecal matters in the blood. fco-prae'mic. — cop'- 

ra-gogue, a remedy that induces fecal discharge. 
— co-prem'e-sis, the vomiting of fecal matter.— 
co-pre'mi a = copr^mia. — cop-ro-la'li a, a kind of 
tic or monomania in which the patient utters 
obscene or blasphemous words, although he evi¬ 
dently struggles against the impulse to do so; 
aeschrolalia.— cop'ro-lite, -lith, a ball of hardened 
faeces or other hard mass in the bowels.— cop- 
rol'o-gy, the study or science of faeces, as Clinical 
c. — co-proph'a-gy, the eating of ordure, some¬ 
times observed in the insane; scatophagy, fco- 
proph'a-gous. — cop-ro-pla-ne'sis, the escape of 
faeces through a fistula or a wound.— cop-ror- 
rhoe'a, diarrhoea. — co-pros'ta-sis, costiveness; 
retention of the faeces in the intestines.— co-prot'- 
ic, pertaining to faeces; fecal. 

Cop'tis. A genus of ranunculaceous herbs. C. 
irifo'lia, or gold-thread, has fine, thread-like yel¬ 
low roots, which are bitter, tonic, and detergent. 
It contains the alkaloid cop'tine. 
cop'u-la. I. Any connecting part. C. ante'rior 
al'ba, the anterior commissure of the cerebrum. 
C. hyoi'dea, the basis of the hyoid bone. C. 
mag'na cer'ebri, the corpus callosum. 2. = Am¬ 
boceptor. [L., “ a band.” ] 
cop-u-la'tion. Sexual intercourse; coitus. [< L. 
copula're to couple together.] fcop'u-la-to-ry, 
relating to copulation, as C. organs. 
cop-y-o'pi a, cop-i-o'pi a. Fatigue or weariness of 
vision; weakness of sight. 

Coq. in s. a. Abbr. for L. co'que in sufficien'te a'qua, 
boil in sufficient water. 

Coq. s. a. Abbr. for L. co'que secun'dum ar'tem boil 
properly. 

coqueluche (coc-liish). Pertussis. [F.] 
coquilles (co'cwils). Dark glasses, 
cor*, gen. cor'dis. The heart. C. adipo'sum, “ fatty 
heart,” a heart with an accumulation of fat, 
or which has undergone fatty degeneration. C. 
bilocula're, a heart with congenital defect of the 
septa of the auricles and ventricles. C. bovi'num, 
“ bovine heart,” a heart which has undergone ex¬ 
treme hypertrophy. C. hirsu'tum = HAIRY heart. 
C. tauri'num = C. bovinum. C. tomento'sum or 
Villo'sum == HAIRY HEART. [L.] 
cor'a-co-. Denoting attachment to the coracoid 
process of the scapula: a combining form. [< 
Kopa^ crow.] cor'a-co=a-cro'mi al ligament, a 
broad triangular band attached by its broad end 
to the coracoid process of the scapula and by its 
narrow end to the end of the acromion; ligamen- 
tum coracoacromiale*. — cor*a-co-brach-i-a'lis, a 
muscle arising from the coracoid process of the 
scapula and inserted into the shaft of the hu¬ 
merus; omobrachialis; musculus coracobrachialis*. 
It acts as an extensor of the upper arm.— cor*a- 
co-cla-vic'ular, denoting the clavicle and the cora¬ 
coid process of the scapula, as C. ligament, the 
ligament joining the clavicle to the coracoid proc¬ 
ess of the scapula and composed of the conoid 
and trapezoid ligaments; ligamentum coracocla- 
viculare*: and C. muscle, an occasional muscular 
slip extending from the coracoid process to the 
posterior border of the clavicle.— cor'a-co-gle*no- 
ra-di-a'lis, the biceps flexor cubiti muscle.— cof- 
a-co-hu'me-ral ligament, a band which connects 


the coracoid process with the neck of the hu¬ 
merus and the capsular ligament of the shoulder- 
joint ; ligamentum coracohumerale*. — cor*a-co- 
hy'oid muscle = OMOHYOID muscle. — cor'a-coid, 
see in vocabulary place at end of this list.— cor- 
a-coi'de us = coracobrachialis. — cor’a-co=ol-e- 
cra-na'lis, an occasional muscular slip from the 
coracoid process to the common tendon of the 
triceps.— cor*a-co-pec-to-ra'lis, the pectoralis 
minor muscle. — cor'a-co-ver'te-bral angle, the 
posterior superior angle of the scapula, 
cor'a-coid. i. Resembling a crow’s beak. 2. Re¬ 
lating to the coracoid process. C. border, the 
upper border of the scapula. C. foramen =C. 
NOTCH. C. ligament, a small ligament extending 
from the coracoid process across the notch of the 
scapula, converting the notch into a foramen; 
transverse ligament. C. notch, a notch in the 
superior border of the scapula at the base of the 
coracoid process, which is converted by a trans¬ 
verse ligament into the coracoid foramen for the 
passage of the suprascapular nerve; suprascapu¬ 
lar notch or foramen. C. process, a projection or 
process on the anterior and upper margin of the 
scapula, resembling the beak of a crow ; processus 
coracoideus"^. [ < nopa^ crow + eldog form.] 

cor'al calculus. A branched, coral-shaped calculus 
found in the pelvis of the kidney; stagshorn cal¬ 
culus. C.srOOt = CORALLORHIZA ODONTORHIZA. 
C. snake, e®- snake. 

cor'al-lin. A poisonous, red coloringsmatter de¬ 
rived from rosolic acid by heating with alcoholic 
ammonia; paeonin. 

Coralli'na. A genus of marine plants of the group 
Al'gce. C. officina'lis, which is found along the 
coasts of Europe and the United States, has been 
used in medicine, chiefly as a vermifuge. 
Corallorhi'za odontorhi'za. Coral-root, an orchida¬ 
ceous plant of the United States. Its root is 
diaphoretic. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.) in powder, 
cord. Any elongated, rounded, and flexible body, 
especially the spermatic cord, the spinal cord, and 
the umbilical cord; chorda*, Vocal cords. 
C. area, that area of the cerebral cortex, lesions of 
which produce degeneration of the spinal cord. 
C. symptoms = ROOT-SYMPTOMS. 

C. of tympanum = chorda tym- 
PANi*. C. of Weitbrecht, cf- 
Weitbrecht. 

cor'date. Shaped like a heart. 

C. leaf, a heart-shaped leaf. 

C. pelvis = CORDIFORM PELVIS, 
cor'dein. A white, crystalline an¬ 
algesic and antiseptic; meth- 
yltribromsalol. 

Cor'dia. A genus of boraginaceous trees. C. bois- 
sie'ri, a shrub of Mexico, the anacahuite, whose 
wood is reputed a cure for pulmonary phthisis, 
cordial (cor'jal). i. Stimulating the heart. 2. 
Any stimulating medicine which raises the spirits; 
a strong and highly aromatic alcoholic drink. [ < 
L. cordia'lis, fr. cor heart.] 
cordia'le ru'bi fruc'tus. The N. F. name for black¬ 
berry cordial, made from blackberry juice, 3 
pints; cinnamon, 2 tr. ozs.; cloves, ^tr. oz.; nut¬ 
meg, ^ tr. oz.; diluted alcohol, 2 pints; syrup, 3 
pints; and purified talcum, 120 grains, 
cor'di-form. Formed like a heart; cordate. C. 
pelvis, a deformed pelvis in which the inlet is 
heart-shaped. C. tendon = central tendon. C. 
uterus = UTERUS cordiformis. [< L. cor heart 
+ for'ma form.] 



Cordate Leaf. 



CORDITE 

cor'dite. A poisonous explosive employed in the 
English army, 
cor-di'tis. = Chorditis. 
cor'dol. = Trie ROMS ALOL. 
cor'dy pulse. = Hard pulse. 

core. I. The hard portion of sloughy or purulent 
matter found in boils. 2. A bar of soft iron or a 
bundle of soft iron wires in the centre of the 
primary coil of an induction coil. ^ Induction 
COIL. 3. The central portion of the endsbud of 
a nerve. [< L. cor heart.] 
co're-. Relating to the pupil of the eye; a combin¬ 
ing form. [ < K 6 p// pupil.] co-re-clei'sis, a clos¬ 
ing or obliteration of the pupil of the eye.— 
co-rec'ta-sis, morbid dilatation of the pupil.— 
co-rec'tome, a cutting instrument used in per¬ 
forming corectomy.— co-rec‘to-me-di-al'y-sis, the 
formation of an artificial pupil by detaching the 
iris from the ciliary ligament.— co-rec-to'mi a, 
co-rec'to-my = iridectomy. — co-rec-to'pi a, con¬ 
genital malposition of the pupil, so that it is not in 
the centre of the iris. — co-re-di-al'y-sis, the 
operation for artificial pupil, separating part of 
the external margin of the iris from the ciliary 
body, Iridodialysis. — co-re-di-as'ta-sis, the 

dilatation, or a dilated state, of the pupil.— Co¬ 
rel' y-sis, an operation for separating the adhe¬ 
sions between the edge of the pupil and the 
anterior capsule of the lens.— co-re-mor-pho'sis, 
an operation forming an artificial pupil, is- 
Iridectomy. — co-ren-clei'sis, an operation for 
artificial pupil by drawing a portion of the iris 
through an incision in the cornea and cutting it 
off.— co-re-om'e-ter, a device to measure the pu¬ 
pil of the eye; a PUPiLLOMETER. f co-re-om'e-try. 
— co-reson'ci on, -cium, a kind of hook for the 
operation for artificial pupil. — co-re-phthi'sis, 
permanent contraction of the pupil.— cor'e-plas- 
ty, operation for artificial pupil in general.— co- 
ret'o-my, co-re-to'mi a = iridotomy. 
cor-i-a'ce ous. In bacteriology, denoting a tough 
growth, not yielding to the platinum needle, 
co-ri-an'der. = Coriandrum*. C. oil = oleum 

CORIANDRI*. 

Corian'drum*. i. A genus of umbelliferous plants. 
2. The U. S. P. name for the dried ripe fruit of 
C. sati'vum, or coriander: aromatic, and used 
chiefly in combination with other medicines. Dose, 
0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.) Oleum coriandri*. 
Coria'ria. A genus of exogenous plants. The 
leaves of C. myrtifo'lia of Southern Europe, bitter 
and astringent, contain co-ri-a-myr'tin (co-ri-a*- 
ri-a-myr'tin or co-ri-a'ri in), CyoRggOjo, an actively 
poisonous principle. C. sarmento'sa of New Zea¬ 
land yields a substance called toot^poison. 
co'rium*. i. The cutis vera, derma, or true skin ; 
the vascular connective layer beneath the epi¬ 
dermis containing the perspiratory glands, the 
sebaceous glands, the hairs, blood* and lym¬ 
phatic vessels, tactile corpuscles, etc. 2. The re¬ 
ticular layer of the cutis vera. 3. The subepithe- 
lial layer of mucous membranes. C. phlogis'ticum 
or pleurit'icum = buffy coat. [L., “ hide.”] 
cork. The bark of Quercus suber. 
cork'screw cast. = Spiral cast. 

corm. A solid bulb, as that of a crocus, Col- 
CHici CORMUS*. [< Kopjudg trunk or tail.] 

cor-mo-tri'dy-mus. A three*headed monster v/ith 
three necks. [< Kop/udg trunk + tridymus.] 

corn. I. A homy hardness of the skin occurring 
chiefly on the joints of the toes, and caused by 
continued pressure or friction; clavus. C. collo- 


CORNEOUS 

dion= COLLODIUM SALICYLATUM COMPOSITUM. 
C.sknife, a scalpel used in removing corns from the 
toes or feet. C.splaster, a ring*shaped plaster 
applied to a corn as a palliative. 2. The English 
name of wheat or cereal grain; in the United 
States, the term is usually restricted to maize 
(Indian corn), is- Pellagra. C. bread, bread 
made of com meal. It contains more fatty matter 
than the ordinary wheat bread. C. meal, meal 
or flour made from maize, or Indian com, 
Ze'a nia'ys; Indian meal. C.ssilk, the thread* 
like styles or tassels of Indian com, Ze'a 
ma'ys: used as a diuretic in cystitis, lithaemia, 
gravel, gonorrhoea, etc. C.ssmut, i^ustilago. 
C. spirits, whisky distilled from com. C. starch, 
a starch contained in Indian com, Ze'a ma'ys: 
used as food. i^Amylum*. C. syrup, a syrup 
consisting essentially of a solution of glucose in 
water. [ < L. cor'nu horn.] 
cor-nal'i an corpuscles. gtPebrine. 
cor'nea. The transparent convexoconcave nearly 
circular structure forming the anterior part of 
the external tunic (sclerotic) of the eyeball. It 
is made up of five layers, which, beginning with 
the outermost, are: (i) the stratified epithelial 
connect!ve*tissue layer; (2) the anterior limiting 
(Bowman’s) membrane; (3) a thick central 
fibrous stmcture, the substantia propria, contain¬ 
ing the comeal spaces, each with its comeal cor¬ 
puscles; (4) the membrane of Descemet or De- 
mours; (5) a layer of endothelial cells. Layer i 
is also called Conjunctival portion; 2 and 3, Scle¬ 
ral portion; 4 and 5, Uveal portion. C. opa'ca, 
the sclerotic coat of the eye. C. reflex = cor¬ 
neal REFLEX. [< L. cor'nu horn.] 
cor'ne al. Pertaining to the cornea. C. astigma¬ 
tism, K 3 r-ASTIGMATISM, IRREGULAR. C. COnjunC- 
tiva, that part of the ocular conjunctiva which 
covers the cornea. C. corpuscles, stellate con- 
nective*tissue corpuscles contained within the 
corneal lacunae. C. facet, a flattening of the 
cornea, due to a cicatrix which is very thin and 
almost transparent, [^f F. ’08.] C. interval, the 
anterior scleral foramen. C. lacunae, the stel¬ 
late interlaminar spaces of the cornea. C. lam¬ 
inae or lamellae, fibrous lamellae composing the 
proper substance of the cornea. C. mandibular 
reflex, movement of the lower jaw to the side 
opposite to the irritated cornea when the latter 
is touched. The mouth must be partly open and 
the lower lid held down for observation. J. 
A. Af. A. j.’03.] C. reflex, closure of the lid in¬ 
duced by irritating the comeal conjunctiva. C. 
section, an operation for ulcer of the cornea. C. 
spaces = C. lacun.®. C. spot, an opacity of the 
cornea. C. trephine, a small trephine for cutting 
out the top of a conical cornea. C. tubes, is- 
Bowman’s corneal tubes. 
cor-ne-i'tis. = Keratitis. 

cor'nel. The popular name of several species of 
CORNUS. 

cor-ne-o-bleph'a-ron. Adhesion of the eyelid to the 
cornea. 

cor‘ne-o=i-ri'tis. Inflammation of the cornea and 
the iris. 

cor-ne-o-scle'ra. The cornea and sclera taken 
together and regarded as one. fcor-ne-o-scle'ral, 
as C. margin, the line of junction of the cornea 
and the sclerotic, cor’ne-o-scle-rot'ic, both cor¬ 
neal and sclerotic. 

cor'ne ous. Of horn; homy. C. layer = stratum 
CORNEUM. C. tissue, homy tissue, as of the nails. 


229 


Cornet 


CORONARY 


280 


tOr^net. i. An old name for a farner’s phleme; 
any flasksshaped mortar or bottle. 2. =CoRO- 
NAMEN. 3. A small ear«trumpet worn in the 
outer ear and often concealed by the hair. C. of 

Bertin = SPHENOTURBINAL BONE. 

cor'nic acid. =Cornin. 

cor-nic'u-late cartilage. =Corniculum laryngis. 
cor-nic*u-lo-pha-ryn'ge al ligament. A fibrous band 
passing from either comiculum laryngis to the 
anterior wall of the pharynx; ligamentum cornicu- 
lopharyngeunt*. 

comic'ulum laryn'gis. A small cartilaginous body 
on the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages; cartilage 
of Santorini; cartilago corniculata {Santorini]*. 
cofni-fi-ca'tion. Conversion into horn. [< L. 

cor'nu horn + ja'cere to make.] fcor'ni-fied. 
cor'nin. A peculiar bitter principle said to have 
been found in the bark of Cor'nus flor'ida. Its 
properties resemble those of quinine. 

Cor'ning’s method. A method of local anaesthesia 
consisting in puncturing the skin and introducing 
cocaine by the aid of galvanism, 
corn'mint. = Mentha arvensis. 
com silk. = Zea*. 

corn'stalk tents. Tents made of comstalk=pith, 
used in dilating the cervix uteri, 
cor'nu, pi. cor'nua. i. A Latin term signifying a 
horn. 2. Any hornsshaped excrescence or pro¬ 
jection. C. ammo'nis or arie'tis, the appearance 
as of a ram’s horn presented by the cortical sub¬ 
stance of the cerebrum when the pes hippocampi 
is cut transversely through; hippocampus*. C. 
ancyroi'de = C. occipitale. Anterior c., cres¬ 
cents OF THE SPINAL CORD. C. ccr'vi, the horn 
of Cer'vus el'^phas; hartshorn. An impure am¬ 
monium carbonate was formerly obtained by 
burning the shavings of hartshorn; while the 
residue, called cornu i^stum, “ burnt hom,” con¬ 
sisting chiefly of calcium phosphate, with a small 
proportion of free lime, was used as an antacid. 
Cor'nua coccy'gea* = coccygeal cornua. C. 
cuta'neum or huma'num, a comparatively rare 
homy excrescence on the skin, most frequently 
on the face and scalp; dermatokeras. Cor'nua 
ILma'cum == cANALicuLi lachrymales. C. me'- 
dlum, the descending hom of the lateral ventricle 
of the brain; cornu inferius, descendens, mag¬ 
num, or laterale. C. occipita'le or Posterior c., 
the conical prolongation of the body of the lat¬ 
eral ventricle of the brain, which curves outward, 
backward, and inward into the occipital lobe; 
cavitas digitata; cornu ancyroide; postcornu. 
Cor'nua os'sis hyoi'dei*, hyoid bone. Cor'nua 
sacra'lia*, the pair of hookslike processes project¬ 
ing downward from the open arch of the last 
sacral vertebra. C. sphenoida'le = sphenotur- 
BiNAL BONE. Cor'nua of the spinal cord, ts- cres¬ 
cents OF THE SPINAL CORD. C. US'tum = CORNU 
CERVi. Cor'nua u'teri, the angles of the utems 
where the fallopian tubes are given off. [L.] 
fcor'nual, as C. myelitis, myelitis of the ante¬ 
rior horns of the cord: and C. pregnancy, preg¬ 
nancy in one of the horns of a bicomute uterus, 
cor-nu-co'pi a. A pouch formed by prolongation of 
the lateral recesses of the fourth ventricle. 

Cor'nus. Cornel, a genus of comaceous shmbs or 
small trees, natives of the United States and 
Europe. The bark of C. alternifo'lia and that of 
C. panicula'ta have been used in medicine. The 
bark of the root of C. fio'rida (dogwood) is tonic, 
antiperiodic, and astringent: it is used in malarial 
fever. Dose, i Gm (15 grs.). 


cor-nu'tine. An alkaloid derivable from ergot. It 
is poisonous, and is said to be medicinally active, 
co-ro'na, pi. -nee. A “crown”: applied in anatomy 
to eminences of bone, or to any objects or parts 
bearing resemblance to a crown. C. cilia'ris* = 
ZONA ciLiARis. C. dcn'tis*, the crown of a tooth. 
C. glan'dis*, the ring or rim mnning round the 
base of the glans penis. C. ovaria'na, the cres¬ 
centic area of tympany which lies above an 
ovarian tumor. C. radia'ta*, “ radiating crown,” 
fibres radiating from the vicinity of the optic 
thalamus in every direction to all parts of the 
cortex cerebri; fibrous cone. C. ven'eris, “ crown 
of Venus,” syphilitic blotches which may ex¬ 
tend around the forehead like a crown. The 
cranial bones may be profoundly affected in the 
same tract. C. of Zinn= Zinn’s corona. [L., 
fr. Kopcdvrj crest or summit of anything.] 
cor'o-nad. Toward the crown of the head, 
cor'o-nal. i. Belonging to or relating to the crown 
of the head. 2. Relating to the corona radiata. 
C. aspect, that aspect of a part which looks 
toward the crown. C. bone, the frontal bone. 
C. plane, a vertical plane parallel with the coronal 
suture. C. section, a vertical section passing 
through or parallel to the coronal suture; a trans¬ 
verse vertical section. C. suture, the suture 
formed by the union of the frontal bone with the 
two parietal bones; sutura coronalis*. 
cor-o-na'le. A craniometrical point, situated on 
the coronal suture at the end of the maximum* 
frontal diameter. 

cor-o-na'men. The junction of the hoof and the 
hairy skin in a horse; the coronet, 
corona'ria ventric'uli. = Gastric artery. 
cor'o-na-ry. Encircling: applied to vessels, liga¬ 
ments, and nerves which encircle parts like 
a crown. C. arteries, i. Two arteries arising 
behind two of the semilunar valves of the aorta 
and supplying the muscular substance of the 
heart. 2. {Of the lips.) Branches from the facial 
artery to the upper and lower lips. 3. {Of the 
stomach.) The gastric artery. C. bone, the me¬ 
dian phalanx of a horse’s foot. C. circulation, 
the circulation in the muscular substance of the 
heart. C. ligament. i . The reflection of the peri¬ 
toneum from the diaphragm to the upper and 
lower margins of the posterior border of the liver; 
ligamentum coronarium hepatis*. 2. A fibrous 
band connecting the semilunar cartilages of the 
knee with the head of the tibia and the capsular 
ligament. 3. The orbicular ligament of the 
radius. C. plexus, either of three sympathetic 
nerve plexuses: an anterior, accompanying the 
left coronary artery, derived from the superficial 
and deep cardiac plexuses and distributed to the 
ventral surface of the heart; a posterior, derived 
from the deep cardiac plexus, accompanying the 
right coronary artery on the dorsum of the heart, 
and giving off filaments to the ventricles; and a 
gastric, derived from the vagus and the coeliac 
and solar plexuses, situated at the lesser curva¬ 
ture of the stomach, and supplying the stomach. 
C. sinus. I. The channel, about an inch in length, 
through which the coronary veins empty into the 
right SLMricXe-, sinus coronarius*. 2. {Of Ridley.) 
The circular sinus. C. tendons, fibrous rings 
around the cardiac orifices; tendines coronariae. 
C. valve, a semilunar fold of the endocardium 
guarding the opening of the coronary sinus into the 
right auricle; valvula sinus coronarii [ThehesitY^. 
C. vein. i. A vein around the border of the 


CORONE 


231 


CORPUS 


placenta. 2, A branch of the portal vein accom¬ 
panying the coronary artery of the stomach. 
Large c. vein, a branch of the coronary sinus which 
rises upon the anterior aspect of the apex of the 
heart. Small c. vein, a branch of the coronary 
sinus returning the blood from the posterior por¬ 
tion of the right half of the heart. [ < L. corona'- 
rius, fr. coro'na crown.] 

co-ro'ne. The coronoid process of the mandible, 
cor'o-ner. An officer whose duty is to hold in¬ 
quest before a jury as to the true cause of death 
in cases of sudden decease or of death under sus¬ 
picious circumstances. C.’s inquest, an inquisi¬ 
tion appointed by a coroner in a case of sudden 
death by summoning a jury to make inquiry, 
upon examination of the body, respecting the 
cause of death. [< L. coro'na crown.] 
cor'o-net. =Coronamen. 

Coronil'la. A genus of annual or perennial legumin¬ 
ous plants, comprising many species, natives of 
Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa. C. em'erus 
(scorpion senna) has purgative leaves. C. scor- 
pioi'des, a leguminous plant, native of France, is 
an active cardiac poison, containing the glucoside 
cor-o-nil'lin, said to be a cardiac tonic and diu¬ 
retic. C. va'ria, a perennial plant, native of 
Europe, is poisonous but purgative and diuretic, 
co-ro'ni on. == Koronion. 

co-ro*no-fa'ci al angle. The angle between the 
facial line of Cowper and the plane passed through 
the coronal suture; Gratiolet’s angle. 
co-ro"no-fron'tal index. The number obtained by 
dividing the greatest frontal breadth multiplied 
by 100 by the greatest cranial breadth, 
cor'o-noid. i. Like a crow’s beak. [ <crow 
4- eldog form.] 2. Crownslike. C. centre, one of 
the ossificationscentres of the mandible, giving 
rise to the coronoid process. C. depression or 
fossa, a trilateral recess on the anterior surface 
of the humerus, just above the trochlea; fossa 
coronoidea*. It receives the apex of the coronoid 
process of the ulna. C. process, i. A broad 
eminence at the upper end of the ulna in advance 
of the olecranon. 2. A conical eminence ascend¬ 
ing from the upper fore part of the ramus of the 
inferior maxilla. 3. = Coracoid process. 
coTo-pa-rel'cy-sis. The operation of drawing aside 
the pupil in partial opacity of the cornea, in 
order to bring it over a transparent portion. [ < 
Kdpr/ pupil + TropeA/ c£4 P to draw aside.] 
co-ros'co-py. A shadow^test for determining the 
refraction of the eye; skiascopy, 
co-rot'o-my. = Iridectomy. 

cor'po-ra. The plural of corpus. C. albican'tia, 
“whitish bodies,” two small protuberances on 
the base of the brain; mammillary bodies or 
tubercles; corpora mammillaria*. They resem¬ 
ble a nipple. C. amyla'cea, very small, yet mac¬ 
roscopic, starchslike masses found in the prostate, 
in the neuroglia, and elsewhere, which give the 
welhknown iodine reaction. C. arana'cea = 
SANDsBODiES. C. aran'tii = Arantius, bodies 
OF. C. candican'tia = C. albicantia. C. cav- 
erno'sa clito'ridis*, the cavernous bodies of the 
clitoris, corresponding to the corpora caver¬ 
nosa of the penis. C. caverno'sa pe'nis*, the 
two rod*like masses of erectile tissue form¬ 
ing the upper part of the penis: so called from 
the cavernous blood^^spaces found in them. As 
the corpora cavernosa are only partly separated, 
it would perhaps be more correct to use the noun 
in the singular, and to call this portion of the 


organ the corpus cavernosum (“ cavernous body”). 
C. genicula'ta, two tubercles, internum and exter¬ 
num, on the inferior part of the optic thalami. 
C. lib'era articulo'rum, loose bodies of various 
character sometimes formed in the joints, espe¬ 
cially the kneesjoint, as a result of injury; float¬ 
ing cartilages; mures articulorum; joint*mice. 
C. lu'tea, CORPUS luteum*. C. malpighia'na = 
MALPIGHIAN BODIES. C. mammilla'ria* = C. al¬ 
bicantia. C. nervo'sa, the corpora cavernosa of 
the penis. C. oliva'ria, “ olive*shaped bodies,” 
the two external oval prominences on the medulla 
oblongata. C. oryzoi'dea, “ rice*like bodies,” 
small granules found in the joints and in bursae. 
C. ova'ta = C. olivaria. C. pacinia'na = Pa¬ 
cini’s CORPUSCLES. C. p)rraniida'lia, “ pyram¬ 
idal bodies,” the two anterior eminences of the 
medulla oblongata; pyramids; prepyramids; ven- 
tripyramids; pyramidal bodies; funiculi pyrami- 
dales. C. quadrigem'ina*, “ quadruple bodies,” 
the four oval bodies, composed chiefly of gray 
matter, situated behind the third ventricle and 
posterior commissure of the brain and above the 
aqueduct of Sylvius; tubercula quadrigemina; 
eminentiae quadrigeminae; optic lobes. The two 
anterior and larger are termed the nates, the 
other two the testes. C. restifor'mia, “ rope»like 
bodies,” the two posterior cord*like eminences on 
the medulla oblongata which form in part the 
lateral inferior boundaries of the fourth ventricle 
and are continued into the cerebellum, constitut¬ 
ing the inferior cerebellar peduncle. C. sesamoi'- 
dea = Arantius, bodies of. C. stria'ta, “ striated 
bodies,” two smooth, cineritious convexities, one 
on the fore part of each lateral part of the brain, 
at the upper part dividing into the caudate and 
lenticular nuclei. When cut, a mixture of gray 
and white matter in alternate layers is exhibited, 
causing a striated appearance. With the optic 
thalami, they are spoken of as the cerebral gan¬ 
glia. C. wolffia'na = WOLFFIAN body. [L.] 
cor-po're al. Relating to the body, 
corpse. = Cadaver. C. wax = adipocere. 
cor'pu-len-cy. = Polysarcia. 

cor'pus, pi. cor ' pora . i . The body. 2. The main 
part of an organ. 3. An organ or part. C. 
al'bicans. i. Corpora albicantia. 2. 

C. LUTEUM*. C. al'bum subrotun'dum = TUBER- 
CULUM ANTERius. C. alic'num, a foreign body. 
C. annula're, the pons varolii. C. aran'tii, &- 
Arantius, bodies of. C. bigem'inum, the bi- 
lobed homologue of the corpora quadrigemina in 
many animals; the optic lobes. The term is 
sometimes applied to either of the corpora quad¬ 
rigemina. C. calca'nei*, the body of the heel 
bone. C. callo'sum*, the white, medullary sub¬ 
stance joining the hemispheres of the brain; the 
commissura magna. C. camera'tum, the fornix 
of the cerebrum. C. can'dicans, ra- corpora al¬ 
bicantia. C. caverno'sum, corpora caver¬ 
nosa. C. cilia're = ciliary body. C. cine'reum. 
I. = Lamina ciNEREA. 2. =C. dentatum. C. 
con'icum = parovarium. C. crystalli'num, the 
crystalline lens. C. dellc'ti, “ body of crime,” 
the substance or foundation of an offense in 
the fact of its having been actually committed. 
C. denta'tum. i. A small oval indented mass 
of gray substance seen in the centre of either 
hemisphere of the cerebellum, about an inch 
from the median line; C. cinereum. 2. An oval 
mass of gray matter in the olivary body; the 
olivary nucleus; C. dentatum olivae. C. den- 


I 


CORPUSCLE 232 


CORTEX 


ticula'tum = C. DENTATUM, def. i. C. fimbria'turn, 
“ fringed body,” a narrow band of white matter 
extending along the concave edge of the inferior 
cornu of the lateral ventricle of the brain; taenia 
hippocampi: it is the continuation of the poste¬ 
rior cornu of the fornix. C. genicula'tum, cor¬ 
pora GENicuLATA. C. glandulo'sum, “ glandu- 
lous body,” a spongy eminence surrounding the 
orifice of the female urethra: sometimes called 
the “female prostate gland” {glandula prostata 
muliehris). C. haemorrhag'icus, the clot which 
forms in the empty graafian follicle immediately 
after its mpture. C. highmoria'num or highmo'ri 
= MEDIASTINUM TESTIS*. C. incomprchensib'ile, 
the thymus gland. C. iimomina'tum = paradidy¬ 
mis*. C. lu'teum*, yellow body, in the ovary 
taking the place of a graafian follicle which has dis¬ 
charged its ovum, a glandular structure with an 
internal secretion. After it undergoes a hyaloid 
degeneration, the lutein to which the yellow color 
was due being removed, a corpus albicans is pro¬ 
duced. If the ovum has been impregnated, the 
corpus luteum greatly enlarges, and remains 
for some months, and it is called True corpus lu¬ 
teum, or C. luteum of pregnancy; otherwise it soon 
undergoes atrophy, and is called False corpus 
luteum, or C. luteum of menstruation. C. luy'si 
= SUBTHALAMUS. C. mammilla're, corpora 
ALB iCANTiA. C. morga'gni = HYDATID OF Mor¬ 
gagni. C. muco'sum = rete mucosum. C. pam- 
pinifor'me, “ tendrilslike body,” a plexus formed 
by the spermatic veins above the testis. C. pa¬ 
pilla' re* =papillary body. C. pinea'le* = PIN¬ 
EAL BODY. C. psaloi'des = fornix. C. pyramida'- 
le = C. PAMPiNiFORME. C. quadrigem'inum, m- 
CORPORA QUADRiGEMiNA*. C. rcstifor'me*, 
CORPORA RESTIFORMIA. C. rcticula're = RETE 
MUCOSUM. C. rhomboida'le = C. dentatum, 
def. I. C. semiova'le, a name for either of the 
corpora olivaria. C. spongio'sum, the flattened 
cylindrical mass of erectile and cavernous tissue 
which occupies the lower part of the penis and 
surrounds the urethra. C. ster'ni* = gladiolus. 
C. stria'tum*, corpora striata. C. sub- 
thalam'icum, a nucleus of ganglion cells and 
fine nervesfibres in the subthalamic region of the 
cerebrum. C. te'res = funiculus teres. C. 
thymia'num, the thymus gland. C. thyroi'deum 
= THYROID GLAND. C. trapczoi'des. I. The arbor 
vitae of the cerebellum. 2. = Trapezium. C. 
trigo'num ==TRiGONUM VESiCAE*. C. triti'ceum, 
a small cartilaginous nodule sometimes found in 
each of the two lateral thyrohyoid ligaments; 
cartilago triticea; triticeous nodule. C. u'teri*, 
the body of the uterus, the portion between the 
cervix and the oviducts. C. varico'sum, “ vari¬ 
cose body,” the spermatic or pampiniform plexus 
of veins. C. ver'tebrae*, the centrum of a verte¬ 
bra. C. vit'reum* = VITREOUS body. C. wolf- 
fia'nuni = WOLFFIAN body. [L.] 
cor'pus-cle. i. A small particle of matter; an 
atom. 2. A small body; a cell, whether free or 
intimately connected with others. For specially 
named varieties see the adjectives and proper 
names. Cs. of the blood = blood=corpuscles. 
Cs. of Gluge = Gluge’s corpuscles. Cs. of 
Grandry, ^Merkel’s corpuscles. Cs. of 
Krause = Krause’s endsbuds. Cs. of Purkinje 
= Purkinje’s corpuscles. Cs. of Valentin = 
Valentin’s corpuscles. Cs. of Vater = Paci¬ 
ni’s corpuscles. C. of Wrisberg = cuneiform 
cartilage. [< L. corpus'culum, dim. of cor'pus 


body.] fcor-pus'cu-lar, as C. lymph, inflamma¬ 
tory lymph containing an excess of leucocytes; 
aplastic lymph: and C. theory, ^ undulatory 
THEORY, cor-pus'cu-la-ted. cor-pus-cu-la'tion. 
cor-pus'cu-lum, pi. -la. A corpuscle. C. lamello'sa 
=Pacini’s corpuscles. [L.] 
cor-rec'tant, cor-rec'tive. =Corrigent. 
cor're-la-ted atrophy. Atrophy of a portion of the 
body following destmction of some other part, 
cor-res-pond'ing points. = Identical points. 
Cor'ri-gan’s cautery button. = Button cautery. 
C.’s disease, insufficiency of the aortic valves. 
C.’s line, a purple line at the junction of the 
teeth and the gums, symptomatic of chronic cop- 
perspoisoning. Clapton’s line. C.’s pulse 
= WATER-HAMMER PULSE. C.’s respiration = 

CEREBRAL RESPIRATION. C.’s Sign = C.’S LINE. 

cor'ri-gent. i. Correcting. 2. An ingredient added 
to a medicinal preparation to modify the action 
of some unpleasant ingredient as a purgative, 
cor-rob'o-rant. Strengthening or giving strength, 
cor-ro'sion. The action or effect of corrosive sub¬ 
stances. C. anatomy, anatomy. C. prepara¬ 
tion, an anatomical preparation made by corro¬ 
sive anatomy. fcor-ro'ding, as C. ulcer, one 
spreading by gangrenous processes. cor-ro'- 
sive, destroying the texture or substance of a 
body, especially of a living body, as the mineral 
acids and the caustic alkalies, and certain ulcera¬ 
tive processes. C. chloride, mercuric chloride. 
C. oesophagitis, cesophagitis due to a caustic or a 
poison. C. stomatitis = CANCRUM oris. C. sub¬ 
limate =hydrargyri CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM*. 
cor'ro-val. An arrow-poison, containing cor'ro-val¬ 
ine, which acts as a heart-paralyzant, 
cor'ru-ga-tor. Literally, a “wrinicler”: applied to 
a muscle which contracts the skin into wrinkles. 
C. cu'tis a'ni, a layer of involuntary muscular 
fibres radiating from the anus and causing the 
wrinkling of the skin of the anus. C. posti'cus 
= TRANSVERsus NUCH^. C. supercil'ii, “ wrink- 
ler of the brow,” the muscle which contracts the 
brow into wrinkles; musculus corrugator*. [L.] 
cor'ru-gent muscle. = 

CORRUGATOR. 
cor-rup'tion. i. Decay or 
decomposition. 2. Pus; 
putrilage; infective ma¬ 
terial. [ < L. corrup'tio, 
fr. corrum'pere to break 
up.] 

cor'set liver. A liver 
marked with a long in- 
dentation (C. line) 
caused by pressure of 
the corset from tight 
lacing. C. stomach, a 
deformed or displaced 
stomach as the result of 
too tight corsets. 

Cor'si-can moss. A mixture of marine plants. 

Cort. Abbr. for L. cor'tex bark. 

cor'tex. I. The bark; the outermost covering of 
the stem and branches of all plants. 2. The 
outer layers of an organ, especially when distinct 
in structure from the inner layers. C. auran- 
tio'rum, orange-peel. C. cer'ebri, “ cortex of the 
brain,” the gray or cineritious substance found 
on the exterior of the cerebrum and cerebellum, 
covering the whitish medullary matter beneath 
as the bark of a tree covers the alburnum. It is 
divided into five layers: the outer molecular, 



Corset Line with Cor¬ 
set Liver. 


CORTIAN 


233 


COSMETIC 


small pyramidscell, large pyramidscell, polymor¬ 
phous-cell, and fusiformscell layers. C. of the 
kidney or C. re'nis, the cortical substance of the 
kidneys. C. of the lens, the soft outer portion 
of the CRYSTALLINE LENS. C. of the ovary, the 
superficial layer of ovarian tissue containing the 
ova. C. of the suprarenal body, the thick outer 
layer, comprising the zona glomerulosa, zona fas- 
ciculata, and zona reticularis, surrounding the 
central area or medulla. [L.] 
cor'ti an. Of or pertaining to Corti. t^CoRTi’s. 
cor'ti-cal. Belonging to bark; of the nature of 
bark; relating to the cortex of the cerebrum or 
of the kidneys. C. arch, that portion of the cor¬ 
tical substance of the kidney which stretches 
across from one cortical column to another. C. 
blindness, blindness caused by lesion of the cere¬ 
bellar cortex. C. cataract, cataract in which 
the opacity exists in the cortex of the crystal¬ 
line lens. C. cells = covERsCELLs. C. centres, 
centres situated on the cerebral cortex. C. 
colimins = Bertin’s columns. C. epilepsy = 
JACKSONIAN EPILEPSY. C. labyrinth, the intricate 
arrangement of uriniferous tubules and blood* 
vessels occupying the interval between the 
medullary rays in the cortex of the kidney. C. 
layer, the superficial layer of the ovary in which 
the early graafian vesicles are found. C. osteitis 
= PERIOSTITIS. C. paralysis, paralysis due to a 
lesion of the cerebral cortex. C. substance = 
CORTEX, def. 2. C. substance of a cell, the ecto¬ 
plasm. C. substance of the kidney, the outer 
part of the kidney substance which contains the 
glomeruli. C. substance of a tooth, the cementum 
of a TOOTH. Posterior c. tract, fibres connecting 
the ganglion cells of the pons varolii and the 
cortex of the occipital and temporal lobes, 
cor-ti-cif'u-gal. Tending away from the cortex, 
cor'ti-cine. i. An alkaloid said to exist in poplar 
bark. 2. A variety of tannin, 
cor-ti-cin'ic acid. An acid, CjoHioOg, extracted from 
cork by alcohol. 

cor-ti-cip'e-tal. Tending toward the cortex, 
cor'ti-co-. Relating to the cortex: a combining 
form. [< L. cor'tex bark.] cor'ti-cosaf'fer-ent, 
carrying impressions from a lower level upward 
or inward to the cerebral cortex.— cor-ti-cosef'- 
fer-ent, carrying impressions outward and down¬ 
ward from the cerebral cortex.— cor’ti-co-med'- 
ul-la-ry arches, arches formed by the subdivision 
of the arteries of the kidney and lying between 
the cortex and the renal medulla.— cor*ti-co- 
pe-dun'cu-lar, relating to the cortex of the brain 
and the peduncles of the cerebrum.— cofti-co- 
spi'nal, relating to the cortex of the brain and 
the spinal cord. 

Cor'ti’s arches. A series of numerous arches, made 
up of the rods, fibres, or pillar's of Corti, in the 
human ear. The inner rods are more numerous 
than the outer ones in the proportion of 5600 to 
3850. C.’s canal = CoRTi’s tunnel. C.’s cells, 
the auditory or hair*cells found within the organ 
of Corti in connection with both the inner and 
the outer rods of Corti. They are conical, and 
each has a bundle of stiff cilia. C.’s fibres = 
CoRTi’s RODS. C.’s ganglion = SPIRAL ganglion. 
C.’s membrane, the membranous structure which 
stretches above the organ of Corti from the 
limbus to the last row of the hair*cells; mem- 
brana or lamina tectoria; tectorial membrane. 
C.’s organ, the collective name for the highly 
complex group of epithelial structures, including 


the rods of Corti, the reticular lamina, and the 
outer and inner hairscells; terminal acoustic 
apparatus. C.’s pillars or rods, rod*like bodies 
arranged in a double row, attached by their 
bases to the basilar membrane, and united by 
their upper extremities or heads to form the 
arches of Corti; acoustic rods; bacilli acustici; 
fibres of Corti; pillars of Corti. C.’s rolls, the 
fibres which form the inner limb of the arches of 
Corti. C.’s teeth = AUDITORY TEETH. C.’s tunnel, 
the tunnel formed by the conjoined arches of 
Corti and the basilar membrane; zona arcuata. 
[< Corti, an Italian scientist, 1729-1813.] 
co-run'dum. A very hard, native, crystalline 
aluminum oxide: used in dental work. C.spoint, 
a dentist’s tool which can be attached to a drill 
spindle and used for grinding with emery, 
cor-us-ca'tion. A glittering sensation as of flashes 
of light before the eyes in certain eye affections, 
cor-y-ban'ti-asm, cor'y-ban-tism. Wild, frenzied de¬ 
lirium, with sleeplessness. [ < Kopv( 3 ag reveller.] 
Coryd'alis. A genus of fumariaceous plants. The 
root of C. hulho'sa and C. tubero'sa, of Europe, 
has been used as an emmenagogue and vermi¬ 
fuge and contains the alkaloid cor-y-ca'vine, 
C23H23NO5. t co-ryd'a-line. i. An alkaloid, 
C]3HjgN04 or C22H29NO4, obtainable from several 
species of Coryd'alis. 2. A precipitate contain¬ 
ing more or less of the alkaloid. It is reputed 
to be alterative, diuretic, and tonic, 
cor'y-fin. A proprietary name for the menthol ester 
of ethylglycolic acid: recommended as an exter¬ 
nal application for catarrh and headache, 
co'ryl. A mixture of methyl and ethyl chlorides: 
used as an anaesthetic. 

co-rym'bose. Arranged in clusters or groups. C. 
eruption, a dangerous form of smallpox eruption, 
appearing in patches over the surface of the 
body. [< Kopv/ijdog a cluster of flowers.] 
Corynebacte'rium. A genus of clubbed, wedge* 
shaped, or pointed bacteria, as C. diphthe'rice, C. 
mal'lei, C. lym'phcB vaccina'lis, etc. [< aopvv?} 

club + BACTERIUM.] 

Cor')rpha cerif'era. Carnauba root. 
co-ry'za. Catarrhal inflammation of the mucous 
membrane of the nose, attended with a limpid, 
ropy defluxion from the nostrils; “cold in the 
head.’’ i^Gravedo; rhinitis. C. blennorrho'- 
ica, suppurative catarrh of the nasal passages. 
C. caseo'sa, coryza marked by the accumulation 
of caseous matter in the nasal cavities. C. crou- 
po'sa or fibrino'sa, a rare form of coryza char¬ 
acterized by a fibrinous exudation. C. neona- 
to'rum, coryza of new*born children, believed 
to be caused by gonorrheal infection from 
the mother. C. scarlatino'sa, suppurative coryza: 
symptomatic of scarlet*fever. C. syphilit'ica, 

coryza in infants affected with congenital syphilis. 

Snuffles. C. variolo'sa, suppurative coryza: 
symptomatic of smallpox. [< Kdpv^a.] 
cos'a-prin. Sodium acetsulphanilate: used as an an¬ 
tipyretic in place of acetanilide. Dose, 0.2 to 0.5 
Gm. ( 3 to 8 grs.). 

cos-met'ic. i. Beautifying: applied to medicines 
and surgical operations for removing deformities, 
freckles, and blotches, or otherwise improving 
the appearance. 2. A substance for beautifying 
the complexion. C. dentistry, the concealment 
of repairs of tooth*tissue by means of materials 
and methods that tend to hide the dental work 
from the casual observer. ^ Prosthesis. C. 
operation, one for improving the appearance of an 


COSMOBIA 


234 


COTTING’S OPERATION 


unsightly part. [ < Koafieiv to adorn.] fcos-me'- 
sis, the act of increasing or preserving beauty, 
cos-me-tol'o-gy, the science of the proper care of 
the body as regards cleanliness, clothes, etc. 
cos-mo'bia. Wilder’s term for those bilaterally 
symmetrical vertebrate bodies, of both usual and 
unusual forms, which develop in accordance to 
orderly laws of their own. 
cos'mo-line. A trade name for a bland and emol¬ 
lient unguent obtained from petroleum, Pe¬ 
trolatum*; VASELINE. There is also a liquid 
cosmoline. ^Petrolatum liquidum*. 
cos'sin. A substance, CgjHjgOjQ, the active prin¬ 
ciple of kousso; kosin or koussin. 
cos^ta, pi. -tcB. = Rib. [L.] 

cos'tal. Belonging to a rib or ribs. C. angle, i. 
A point on the posterior surface of the rib, indi¬ 
cated by an oblique line, at which the axis of 
the bone undergoes anterior and internal deflec¬ 
tion. 2. = Subcostal angle. C. arch, the 
arch formed by the edges of the last costal carti¬ 
lages at the lower aperture of the chest. C. 
articular facets = FOSS.® costales. C. cartilages, 
the cartilaginous prolongations of the ribs anteri¬ 
orly. C. pleura, ^ pleura. C. respiration, 
respiration in which the movements are prin¬ 
cipally in the chest. [< L. cos'ia rib.] 
cos-tal'gi a. Pain in the costal region. 
cos-tePlum. A rudimentary rib. 

Cos'ter’s paste. Paste made by dissolving 120 
grains of iodine in a fluidounce of oil of tar. It 
is applied externally in ringworm. 
cos*ti-car'ti-lage. A costal cartilage or a cartilag¬ 
inous rib. 

cos*ti-cer-vi-ca'lis. =Cervicalis ascendens. 
cos'ti-form. Shaped like a rib. C. process, the 
transverse process of a lumbar vertebra, sup¬ 
posed to be a rudimentary rib. 
cos-ti-spi'nal muscles. =Levatores costarum. 
cos'tive-ness. Difficulty in evacuating the rectum. 

^Constipation, fcos'tive. 
cos'to-. Denoting connection with a rib or ribs: 
a combining form. [< L. cos'ia rib.] cos'to=ab- 
dom'i-nal muscle = obliquus externus. — cos*- 
to=ar-tic'u-lar line, a line between the point of 
the eleventh rib and the sternoclavicular articu¬ 
lation. — cos-tosax'il-la-ry veins, anastomotic 
veins between the first six or seven intercostal 
veins and the axillary vein; venae costaxillares*. 
— cos-to-cen'tral, relating to a rib and the cen¬ 
trum of a vertebra, as C. articulation, an articu¬ 
lation connecting the head of a rib with the cen¬ 
trum or body of a vertebra: and C. ligaments, 
ligaments uniting the heads of the ribs and the 
vertebral centra, denominated anterior, capsular, 
and interarticular, the latter being connected 
with the intervertebral fibrocartilages. — cos-to- 
cer'vi-cal artery, that portion of the superior 
intercostal artery which is between its origin and 
its first branch. — cos-to-chon'dral articulation, 
the articulation between the ribs and the costal 
cartilages. — cos‘to-cla-vic'u-lar, relating to the 
ribs and the clavicle, as C. joint, the articulation 
between the upper surface of the sternal end of 
the first costal cartilage with a depression on the 
under surface of the sternal end of the clavicle: 
C. ligament, a band which connects the sternal 
end of the clavicle with the upper costal carti¬ 
lage; rhomboid ligament; ligamentum sterno* 
claviculare*: C. line, a line drawn from the 
sternal end of the clavicle to the tip of 
the eleventh costal cartilage, parasternal 


line: and C. = subclavius.— cos-to- 

col'ic ligament = PH renicocolic ligament. — 
cos-to-cor'a-coid, relating to the ribs and the 
coracoid process, as C. ligament, a ligament be¬ 
tween the first rib and the coracoid process: C. 
membrane or fascia, a membranous band extend¬ 
ing between the clavicle above and the upper 
margin of the pectoralis minor muscle below, 
having its lateral attachments at the first rib 
and the coracoid process, and being pierced by 
the cephalic vein, the acromial thoracic artery 
and vein, the superior thoracic artery, and the 
anterior thoracic nerves: and C. muscle = pec- 
TORALis minor.— cos*to-fa-ci-a'lis, an occasional 
muscular slip given off from the outer border of 
the sternothyroid and inserted into the sheath of 
the carotid vessels. — cos-to-hy'oid muscle = 
OMOHYOID.— cos’tosin-fe'ri or respiration, respira¬ 
tion in which the movements are confined chiefly 
to the lower ribs.— cos-to-pneu'mo-pex-y, sur¬ 
gical fastening of the lung to a rib or the ribs.— 
cos-to-pul'mo-na-ry pleurisy, pleurisy affecting 
the costal and pulmonary portions of the pleura. 
— cos'to-scap-u-la'ris, the serratus magnus 
muscle.— cos-to-ster'nal ligaments, the ligaments 
uniting the costal cartilages and the sternum; 
chondrosternal ligaments: they are an anterior, a 
posterior capsular, and an interarticular (in some 
cases).— cos-to-su-pe'ri or respiration, respiration 
performed chiefly by movements of the upper 
ribs.— cos*to-tho-ra'cic artery, the inferior thora¬ 
cic artery. — cos'to-tome, a knife or strong scissors 
for cutting the ribs in post-mortem examination; 
rib shears, fcos-tot'o-my. — cosdo-tra-che'li an 
muscle, the anterior and posterior scaleni mus¬ 
cles. — cos*to-trans-verse' ligaments, ligaments 
uniting a rib with the transverse process of a 
vertebra, denominated anterior, long or superior, 
posterior, and middle or interosseous, according to 
their locations.— cos-to-trans-ver-sec'to-my, ex¬ 
cision of part of a rib together with the trans¬ 
verse process of a vertebra.— cos-to-verite-bral, 
relating to the ribs and the vertebrae, as C. ar/fc- 
w/afioM = cosTOCENTRAL ARTICULATION: and C. 
groove, the deep furrow on each side of the ver¬ 
tebrae, produced by the backward curve of the 
ribs and lodging the erector spinae muscle.— cos- 
to-xiph'oid = CHONDROXIPHOID ; XIPHOCOSTAL. 
co-tar'nine. A bitter crystalline alkaloid, C12H13- 
NO3 H-H^O, produced by the oxidation of narco¬ 
tine. C. hydrochloride = sTYPTiciN. C. phthal- 
ate = STYPTOL. [Anagram of narcotine.] 

COTe. Abbr. for cathodal opening tetanus. 
co'to bark. The bark of an undetermined South 



American tree: astringent, antiseptic, and anti 
sudorific. Dose of fl. ext., 0.3 to i Cc. (5 to n 
mins.). It contains 
coffo-in, a crystal¬ 
line principle, C^g- 
HjgOg: useful in di¬ 
arrhoeas, but must 
be given with cau¬ 
tion. Dose, 0.12 to 
0.2 Gm. (2 to 3 grs.). 

13^ Paracoto bark. 

cot'tage hospital. A 
small detached hos¬ 
pital for a small 
number of patients. 

Cot'ting’s operation. 

The operation of shaving off the overgrowin 
tissue and side of a toe for ingrowing toe*nail. 


Cotting’s Operation. 


COTTON 


COURVOISIER’S LAW 


235 


COt'ton. A valuable textile commodity, the hairy 
or fibrous appendage of the seeds of several 


species of Gossyp'ium 
tained from cotton=seed 

SYPIUM PURIFICATUM*. 

Berated c., ts- borated. 
C.sholder = cotton* 
STICK. C. lint, lint made 
from cotton fibre. It 
is less absorbent and 
less elastic than linen 
lint. C. phthisis, pul¬ 
monary phthisis affect¬ 
ing those who work on 


A valuable oil is ob- 
Absorbent c. = gos- 



CoTTON (Magnified). 


cotton, from inhaling the dust. C.=root = gos- 
SYPii CORTEX*. C.sseed oil = oleum gossypii 
SEM iNis*. C.sstick, a stick with screwsthreads 
at one end upon which cotton may be twisted. 
C.stree, ra- Bombax. C. wool, absorbent cotton, 
cot'toh-wood. A variety of Populus. 
cot'u-la. i^Maruta cotula. 

Co-tun'ni-us’s aqueduct or canal. = Aqueduct of 
THE vestibule. C.’s fluid, liquor, or water, a 
thin gelatinous fluid found in the bony cavities 
of the labyrinth of the ear; aqua labyrinthi; 
perilymph. C.’s nerve, the nasopalatine nerve, 
cot'y-le. The acetabulum. [< kotvTit/ a hollow.] 
cot-y-le'don. i. In botany, the seed*lobe, or semi¬ 
nal leaf, of the embryo or young plant. 2. Any 
one of the subdivisions of the uterine surface 
of the placenta. Each cotyledon consists essen¬ 
tially of a tuft of the villi of the chorion. 
Cotyle'don. A genus of crassulaceous plants. C. 

umbili'eus, navel wort, is used in epilepsy, 
cot'y-loid. I. Resembling an ancient drinking=cup. 
2. Relating to the cotyloid cavity. C. bone, an 
occasionally occurring bone forming part of the 
acetabulum in place of the pubis. C. cavity or 
fossa = acetabulum. C. foramen, the cotyloid 
notch converted into a foramen by the cotyloid 
ligament. C. ligament, the fibrocartilage encir¬ 
cling the acetabulum. C. margin, the edge of 
the acetabulum. C. notch, a notch in the lower 
part of the border of the acetabulum; acetab¬ 
ular notch. [< Korv 7 .ri small drinking*cup.] 
cot-y-lo-sa'cral arch. The arch formed by the pel¬ 
vis above and behind the acetabulum, 
couch. To perform the operation of couching. C.s 
grass, i^Triticum. 

couch'ing. The operation of putting down or dis¬ 
placing the opaque lens in cataract; recHnation. 
C.sneedle, the instrument used in couching. [< 
F. coucher to put to bed, to cause to lie down.] 
cough. A sonorous and violent expulsion of air 
from the lungs. It is a symptom rather than a 
disease, and is caused by the presence of an irri¬ 
tant, mechanical or sympathetic, affecting the 
surface of the airstubes or the nerves that 
supply them. Some varieties of cough are 
Dry, Ear*, Hehetic ( = cynobex). Moist, Re¬ 
flex, Stomach*, Trigeminal, Whooping^ ( = 
pertussis), and Winter*. C.scentre, a reflex 
centre in the medulla oblongata above the respi¬ 
ratory centre which presides over the act of 
coughing. C.sresonance, the sound of a cough 
heard in auscultation. C.sthrill, the vibration 
felt by the hand on the chest during coughing, 
fcough'ing, as C. = coughscentre. 

cou-lomb'. The unit of electrical quantity in a 
current, being the quantity furnished by a cur¬ 
rent of one ampdre in one second, as one passing 
a resistance of one ohm under an electromotive 


force of one volt. [< C. A. de Coulomb, a French 
physicist, 1736-1806.] 

Cou-lomb’s law. The force of attraction or of re¬ 
pulsion between two electrified bodies is directly 
proportional to the quantities of electricity with 
which they are charged, and inversely as the 
square of their distance apart, 
cou-mal'ic acid. An acid, CgH404, made by heating ' 
malic acid with concentrated sulphuric acid, 
cou'ma-rin. The odoriferous principle, C^HgOj, of 
the Tonka bean, the produce of Dip'ierix odor a'- 
ta, contained also in woodruff (Asper'ula odora'- 
ta)T sweet clover, and other vegetable sources. 

It is a strong aromatic, and is used in perfumery 
and to cover the odor of iodoform. In large 
doses it is poisonous. From it are derived cou'- 
ma-ric acid (oxycinnamic acid), CgHgOg, which is 
converted into salicylic acid by fusion with 
potassium hydrate, and cou-ma-ril'ic acid, 
CgHgOg, which when distilled with lime forms 
cou'ma-rone, an oily substance, CgHgO. 
coun'ter. Opposite; contrary; antagonistic; con¬ 
tra: often used in combination. [< L. con'tra 
against.] coun-ter-ac'tion, medicinal action 
which overcomes or opposes some other medic¬ 
inal or pathological action. — coun'tersdie, in 
dentistry, the reverse image of a die: usually 
made of a softer and more fusible metal than the 
die. — counffer-ex-ten'sion, the holding of the 
upper part of the trunk or of a limb while exten¬ 
sion is employed with the lower part.— coun'ter- 
fis-sure = contrafissura. — coun*ter-in-di-ca'- 
tion = coNTRA=iNDicATioN.— coun'ter-ir-ri-ta'- 
tion, the application of a blister or other irrita¬ 
ting substance to one part for the purpose of 
relieving pain or inflammation in another part, 
usually beneath or adjacent to the irritated sur¬ 
face. fcoun-ter-ir'ri-tant. i. Producing coun¬ 
terirritation. 2 . An agent capable of producing 
counterirritation.— coun'ter-o-pen-ing = contra* 
APERTURA. — coun'ter-poi-son, a poison adminis¬ 
tered to overcome the ill effects of another 
poison; a physiological antidote.— coun'ter-pres- 
sure, pressure established to resist other pressure. 
— coun'ter-punc-ture, a puncture made opposite 
another.— coun'ter-stain, a stain applied to make 
the effects of another stain more visible.— coun'- 
ter-stroke = contrecoup. —coun'ter-sug-ges'tion, 
a suggestion opposed to another suggestion.— 
coun'ter-trac-tion = counterextension. 
coun'try fever. A term in the Carolinas for a con¬ 
tinued thermic fever due to prolonged action of 
high temperature. C. sickness, nostalgia, 
coup (cfi). A stroke or blow. C. de sang (de sfin), 
blood*stroke; an instantaneous and universal 
congestion without any escape of blood from the 
vessels, is- Apoplexy. C. de soleil (de s6-le-i), 
sunstroke; insolation. C. de vent (de von), an 
affection due to exposure to a keen wind, ex¬ 
tremely cold, or with rain or sleet. C. sur coup 
(stir efi), stroke upon stroke, used adverbially to 
describe frequent repetition of bleeding or any 
other therapeutic or surgical process. [F.] 
coup'le rhythm. An irregular sound of the heart, 
marked by the systoles occurring in pairs, 
courses. The menses. 

court'=plas-ter. =Emplastrum ichthyocoll^. 
Courvoisier’s law (cur-vwa-zi-ez). The law that 
when the common gall*duct is obstructed by a 
stone, dilation of the gall*bladder is rare; when 
the common gall*duct is obstructed by other 
causes, dilation of the jrall*bladder is common. 







cousso 


236 


CRANIAL 


cous'so. =Cusso. 

couveuse (c^i-vez). An arrangement designed for 
the preservation and development of infants pre¬ 
maturely born, Incubator. [F.] 
cov'er. Anything which is laid over another 
thing, as for protection. C.scells, cells covering 
and protecting other cells of special character, 
especially the elongated epithelial cells forming 
the external layer of taste=buds and enclosing 
the true taste*cells; cortical cells; encasing cells; 
protective cells; roof^cells; tegmental cells. C.s 
correction, adjustment of the lenses of a micro¬ 
scopical objective to compensate for the ?efrac- 
tive disturbances caused by the use of covers 
glasses of varying thickness. C.sgiass or C.sslip, 
the thin circular, rectangular, or square plate of 
glass used to cover a microscopic specimen 
mounted on a slide. fcov'er-ing, as C. layer, 
the primitive external layer of the blastoderm, 
co'vo-lam. =.(Fgle marmelos. 
cow'age. The down covering the pods of Mucu'na 
pru'riens: a mechanical vermifuge, 
cow'an, Cowa'nia. =Alonsenel. 
cow'bane. =Cicuta maculata, 
cow'ber-ry. ts- Vaccinium. 

Cow'ell’s operation. The operation of puncturing 
the vitreous chamber for glaucoma, 
cow'hage, cow'sitch. == Cowage. 
cowl muscle. The trapezius muscle. 

Cow'ling’s rule. For children a fraction of the 
adult dose is the age of the child at next birthday 
for the numerator with 24 for the denominator. 
cow=pars'nip. =Heracleum. 

Cow'per’s glands. Two round, whitish bodies situ¬ 
ated below the membranous portion of the 
urethra, close to the bulb of the spongy body; 
glands of Mery; suburethral glands; bulbo* 
urethral glands; anteprostate glands; glandulae 
hulhourethrales [CowpertY^. [< William Ccw/Jer, 
an English anatomist, 1666-1709.] fcow-per-F- 
tis, inflammation of Cowper’s glands, 
cow'pox. = Vaccinia. 
cow'rie. = Kauri. 
cow'slip. = Primula officinalis. 
cox'a*, pi. cox’ce. The hip, haunch, or hip*joint; 
also the ischium and coccyx. C. vara, distortion 
of the femur, a wider angle being formed with 
the shaft than normal. [L.] 
cox-ae-lu'vi um. A hipsbath; a sitz^bath. 
cox-ag'ra. Pain in the hip. 
cox'al. Relating to the coxa. 

cox-al'gia. Pain in the hipsjoint; hipsjoint disease. 
Arthralgia. C. seni'lis, arthritis deformans 
at the hip, due to old age. tcox-al'gic, as C. 
pelvis, one deformed from hip=joint disease. 

cox-ar-thrFtis. = Coxitis. 

cox-ar-throc'a-ce. Fungous disease of the hip* 
joint; hipsjoint disease. 

coxa'rum mor'bus. =Hipsjoint disease. [L.] 
cox-i'tis. Inflammation of the hip=joint. 
cox-o-dyn'i a. =Coxalgia. 

cox-o-fem'o-ral. Pertaining to the coxa or ilium 
and to the femur. C. joint, the hip=joint. 
cox*o-tu-ber-cu-lo'sis. Tuberculosis of hip*joint. 
Cr. The chemical symbol for chromium. 
crab. = Pediculus PUBIS. C.ebandage = cancer* 
bandage. C.slouse = Pediculus pubis. C. oil, 
Carapa guianensis. C. Orchard salts, a 
saline cathartic obtained by evaporating the 
water of certain springs in Crab Orchard, Ky. 
It contains over 63% of magnesium sulphate: 
a mild purgative. Dose, i to 2 teaspoonfuls. 


crabs’ claws, eyes, or stones. c^Cancrorum che- 

hJE] CANCRORUM OCULi; CANCRORUM LAPILLI. 

crab'yaws. = Frambcesia. 

crachotement (cra-shot-moh). Desire to spit, with¬ 
out the power: sometimes follows operations 
upon the female reproductive organs. [F.] 
cracked nipple. An ulceration or fissure of the skin 
of the nipple which often occurs during suckling, 
crackedsmet'al or crackedspot' sound. In percus¬ 
sion, a sound resembling that caused by striking 
a cracked, metal pot, sometimes elicited over a 
lung*cavity communicating with a large air*pas- 
sage. But it may be produced, especially in 
young children, when there is no cavity, 
crack'ling rales. Short crackling sounds due to 
the presence of fluid in small pulmonary cavities 
or in the finer bronchi, the loudest heard in both 
inspiration and expiration, the finer chiefly in 
inspiration. C. sound = bruit de craquement. 
crad'in. A ferment from young shoots, twi^, and 
unripe fruit of the common fig: said to have prop¬ 
erties like pepsin. [< L. cradi'na, fr. Kpadr) fig.] 
cra'dle. A kind of frame for keeping the bed¬ 
clothes off a wounded or fractured limb; a sling 
in which a broken leg is suspended. C.scap, a 
skin disease of young infants, marked by crusts 
of seborrhoea on the head, and due to neglect. 
C. pessary, a cradle*shaped pessary used in pos¬ 
terior displacements of the uterus, 
craft neurosis. =Occupation disease. 
cramp. Spasmodic, involuntary, and painful con¬ 
traction of muscles, especially of those of the leg. 
^Spasm; tetany. For the varieties of cramp 
see the adjectival headings. C.sasphyxia, spinal 
spasm. C. bark, the bark of Vibur'num op'ulus: 
said to be antispasmodic. C. bone, the patella 
of a sheep: formerly a charm against cramp. C 
colic, a colic affecting the horse, caused by spasir 
of a portion of the small intestine. 

Cramp'ton’s muscle. i. The anterior portion o\ 
the ciliary muscle next the sclera. 2. A special 
band of striated muscle found within the eyes oi 
birds and supposed to influence the curvature 01 
the cornea. C.’s musclescurve, myogram. 
cram'sstunt. Imperfect mental development due to 
over*study in childhood. 

cran'ber-ry. The popular name of several species 
of ericaceous shrubs. The American cranberry 
is the Vaccin'ium macrocar'pon. A poultice of 
cranberries is popularly believed to be a cure for 
cancer and for chronic ulcers, 
cranes'bill. A name for species of Geranium. 
cra*ni-a-cro'mi al. Both cranial and acromial, 
cra-ni-ae-ma-to'ma. = Cephal^matoma. 
cra'ni al. Belonging to the cranium. C. angles, 
craniometrical angles corresponding to the auric¬ 
ular angles, but having their apices at the ante¬ 
rior edge of the occipital foramen. C. bones, the 
eight bones of the skull, the occipital, the two 
parietal, the frontal, the two temporal, the sphe¬ 
noid, and the ethmoid. C. bosses, flattened 
elevations on the frontal and parietal bones, said 
to be a sign of congenital syphilis. C. capacity, 
found by filling the cranial cavity with a suitable 
material and measuring its cubic volume. C. 
flexure, the downward curvature of the ante¬ 
rior part of the brain of the embryo. C. fossse, 
the three pairs of compartments occupying the 
lower surface of the interior of the cranium. 
They are distinguished as the precranial or 
anterior; the mesocranial or middle; and the 
postcranial or posterior. C. nerves, the nerves 


•** V- . 


CRANIECTOMY 


237 


CRANIO- 


which arise from some part of the brain. 
They comprise the twelve pairs; ist, olfactory; 
2d, optic; 3d, oculomotor; 4th, pathetic, or 
trochlear; 5th, trifacial, or trigeminal; 6th, 
abducent; 7th, facial, or portio dura; 8th, audi¬ 
tory, or portio mollis; 9th, glossopharyngeal; 
loth, pneumogastric, or vagus; nth, spinal 
accessory; 12th, hypoglossal. C. reflex, any re¬ 
flex whose paths are connected with the brain. 
C. segments, certain divisions of the cranium, 
distinguished as the occipital segment, consisting 
of the occipital bone; the parietal segment, con¬ 
sisting of the parietal bones and parts of the 
sphenoid; and the frontal segment, consisting of 
the frontal bones and parts of the sphenoid. C. 
sinuses, venous channels within the folds of the 
dura mater. C. souflle = cephalic souffle. C. 
vertebrae, certain portions of the skull supposed 
to represent modified vertebree. C. vesicles = 

CEREBRAL VESICLES. 

cra-ni-ec'to-my. Partial excision of the skull. Lin¬ 
ear c., the removal of a strip of the skull for the 
cure of microcephalus and its consequences. [< 
Kpaviov skull -f- kKropLi] excision.] 

cra*ni-en-ceph-a-lom'e-ter. An instrument for de¬ 
termining the position of the convolutions of the 
brain from the outside. ^ Encephalometer. 

cra'ni 0-. Denoting the cranium or skull: a com¬ 
bining form, Cephalo-. [< Kpaviov skull.] 
crauii-osau'ral, pertaining to the cranium and 
the ear.— cra'ni-o-cele, a protrusion of any part 
of the encephalon from the cranial cavity.— 
crami-o-cer'e-bral, relating to the cranium and 
the cerebrum.— cra-ni-oc'la-sis, cra'ni-o-clasm, 
cra'ni-o-clas-ty, removal of the vault of the fetal 
skull to facilitate delivery, fcra'ni-o-clast, an 
instrument used in effecting cranioclasis.— 
cra’ni-o-di'a-clast, a form of the cranioclast.— 
cra*iii-o-did'y-mus. i. A foetus with two heads. 
2. =Craniopagus. — cra’ni-o-fa'ci al, relating to 
the skull and the face, as C. a«g/^ = metafacial 
angle: C. angle of Huxley, the angle at the 
middle of the anterior edge of the jugum sphe¬ 
noidale, between lines from the basion and the 
nasal spine to that point: C. axis, the cranial 
axis formed by the bones at the base of the 
skull, continuous with the bodies of the verte¬ 
brae, including the mesethmoid, presphenoid, 
basisphenoid, and basioccipital: C. index, the 
number obtained by dividing the distance from 
the vertex to the nasion multiplied by 100 by 
the distance from the nasion to the gnathion: 
and C. notch, a notch in the middle line of the 
skull between the orbital and nasal cavities. 
— cra-ni-og'no-my = cephalology. — cra'ni-o- 
graph, an instrument for marking craniometrical 
lines on the skull, tcra-ni-og'ra-phy. — crami-o- 

hae-ma-ton'cus = CEPHAL^MATOMA, def. i.— cra- 
ni-ol'a-bis, forceps for seizing the fetal head; 
midwifery forceps.— cra-ni-ol'o-gy, that branch 
of anatomy which treats of skulls.— crami-o- 
ma-la'cia = CRANioTABES. — cra-ni-om'e-try. i. 
Measurement of the skull. 2. The science of the 
proportions of the human head and of the ratios of 
its measurements to one another, Cephalom¬ 
etry. fcra-ni-orn'e-ter. cra'ni-o-met'ric, -met'- 
ri-cal, as C. point, any one of the points of 
reference used in craniometry: and C. sectors, 
sectors having the tip of the great wing of the 
sphenoid (the krotaphion) as a centre, era ni- 
o-na'sal foramen, the foramen caecum of the 
frontal bone.— cra-ni-op'a-gus, a monstrosity in 


which twin foetuses are joined by the skull, 
union being either occipital, vertical, parietal, or 
frontal. i®-S yncephalus.— cra*ni-o-pha-ryn'- 
ge al canal, a passage in the embryo and foetus 
connecting the roof of the primitive pharyngeal 
cavity and the anterior or pharyngeal lobe of 
the pituitary body.— cra'ni-o-phore, an appa¬ 
ratus for holding a skull during craniometry.— 
cra'ni-o-plas-ty, any operation for restoring or 
supplying the place of the bones and soft parts 
of the cranium.— crami-or-rha-chis'chi-sis, con¬ 
genital fissure of the cranium and the spinal 
column.—■ cra-ni-os'chi-sis, congenital fissure of 
the cranium and its coverings, leaving the brain 
deficiently formed, Encephalocele ; spina 
BIFIDA. — crami-o-scle-ro'sis, rhachitic thicken¬ 
ing of the cranial bones. — cra-ni-os'eo-py, 
the examination of the contour of the skull.— 



Craniometrical Diagram. —A. Lambda. B. Basion. 
M|3T. Triangle for ascertaining empirical greatest 
height (B to /3 or B to U). SO. Anteroposterior di¬ 
ameter. BX. Basal length of face. NX. Length of 
nose. N to ^. Nasobregmatic arc. /3 to A. Bregmato- 
lambdoidarc. N to T. Naso-occipital arc. F. Frontal 
point or metopion. X. Subnasion. 

cra‘ni-o-spi'nal axis = cerebrospinal axis. — 
cra'ni-o-ste-no'sis, hyperostosis of the cranium, 
causing contraction of the cranial fissures and 
foramina.— craTii-os-to'sis, premature ossifica¬ 
tion of the cranial sutures, tsr Microcephalia ; 
SYNOSTEOSis. — cra’ni-o-ta'bes, a condition (chiefly 
infantile) in which there are spots or places at 
which the bones of the skull are thin and soft, 
sometimes developing into holes where the brain 
is only covered with the dura mater and the 
periosteum. This state may accompany rickets 
or hereditary syphilis, Tabes, fera'ni-o-ta- 
bet'ic.— cra-ni-ot'o-my. i. The opening of the 
fetal head where necessary to effect delivery; 
cephalotomy. 2. Section of the cranium. 3. = 
Craniectomy. C. scissors, strong S^shaped scis¬ 
sors for use in craniotomy, fera'ni-o-tome.— 
cra'ni-ot-o-nos'co-py, an auscultatory method for 
diagnosing diseases of the brain and cranium. 
The sound is transmitted by means of an instru¬ 
ment, the pneumatoscope, introduced into the 
mouth of the patient.— cra'ni-o-trac-tor, an 
instrument for exerting traction on the fetal 
head. — cra’ni-o-try-pe'sis = trephining. — cra*- 
ni-o-tryp'so-tome, an obstetrical instrument re¬ 
sembling the cranioclast. — cra'ni-o-tym-pan'ic, 
relating to skull and tympanum, as C. conduction, 
conduction of sound over the bones of skull and 
tympanum into the internal ear.— cra'iii-o-ver'- 
te-bral axis = cerebrospinal axis. 









CRANIUM 


238 


CREEPING BUBO 


cra'ni um*. The skull, or upper part of the skeleton, 
containing the brain and its connections, and con¬ 
sisting of eight CRANIAL BONES. [< Kpavwv.] 
crank. One given to impractical or fantastic 
ideas, especially on a particular subject; a para¬ 
noiac; a monomaniac. 

crap'au-dine. An ulcer on the coronet of a horse’s 
hoof. [F.] 

crap'u-lence. Drunkenness, or the effects of a 
drunken debauch; excess in eating and drinking. 
[< L. era'pula.] fcrap'u-lent, -lous, as C. colic, 
colic caused by excess of eating and drinking, 
craquement pulmonaire (crac-moh piil-mo-nlr). A 
crackling sound often heard at the top of the 
lungs in the early stage of phthisis. [F.] 
cra'sis. The individual constitution or temnera- 
ment. i®-D yscrasia. [< /epderif mixture.] 
cras-sa-men'tum. The soft, almost solid mass, of a 
deep brownish red, formed by blood soon after it 
has been extracted; the clot. C. san'guinis = 
BUFFY COAT. [< L. cras'sus thick.] 
cra-tae'gin. A crystalline bitter principle from the 
bark of Cratce'gus oxyacan'iha, or hawthorn, a 
rosaceous shrub of Europe, 
cra'ter nipple. A malformation in which there is a 
cavity in place of the nipple, 
cra-ter'i-form. In bacteriology, round and de¬ 
pressed, due to the liquefaction of the medium. 
C. ulcer, a malignant, rapidly growing epithelial 
ulcer of the face. It forms a conical mass, the 
ulceration occurring at the summit and forming 
a craterslike cavity. 

cra-to-ma'ni a. Mania of exaltation in which the 
maniac thinks he possesses enormous strength, 
cra-vat'. A bandage made by folding a triangular 
piece of cloth from its apex toward its base. It 
is applied over the injury, the ends being 
brought around and tied. Used as a temporary or 
provisional dressing. Abdomino=inguinal c. = C., 
iLiosiNGUiNAL. Axillo=acromial c., IS"C., parie- 
TOsAxiLLARY. Axillocervical c., a cravat the body 
of which is placed in the axilla, and the ends 
crossed over the shoulder and tied on the oppo¬ 
site side of the neck. Cervical c., a c. the body 
of which is placed on the part of the neck to be 
dressed, and the ends passed around, crossed on 
the opposite side, returned, and tied. Cruropel- 
vicc. = C.,iLio=iNGUiNAL. F rontosoccipitolabial 
c., a c. the body of which is placed upon the 
forehead and the ends carried back, crossed over 
the back of the neck, brought forward under the 
ears, and crossed over the upper lip: used to ap¬ 
proximate lipswounds. Iliosinguinal c., a c. the 
body of which is placed over the inguinal region, 
the upper end carried around the body, the 
lower end around the thigh, and the two ends 
knotted in front; abdomino=inguinal c.; cruro- 
pelvic c. Metatarsomalleolar c., a c. the body of 
which is placed obliquely across the dorsum of 
the foot, one end carried under the foot and up 
in front of the ankle, the other carried around 
the leg above the malleoli, and the two ends 
fastened together in front of the joint. Parietos 
axillary c., a double c. made by forming an 
axilla ^acromial c., i. e., one with the body in the 
axilla and the ends tied over the shoulder, and 
then placing another c. with its body over the 
opposite side of the head and its ends tied into 
the first over the shoulder. Tarsopatellar c., a 
compound c. formed of three cravats, one placed 
about the knee as a figuresof*8, another around 
the foot in front of the ankle, and the third 


through the loop of the second, its ends being 
carried up on either side through the first at the 
knee. Tibial c., a c. the body of which is placed 
obliquely across the posterior surface of the leg, 
the ends being carried around the limb, one 
below the knee, the other above the malleoli, 
craw. I. = Crop. 2. The stomach of animals in 
general. 

craw'seraw. A West African skin disease of para¬ 
sitic origin: apparently the same as Bulam boil. 
craw'ley. ==Corallorhiza odontorhiza. 
cra'zo-la-ryn-gis'mus. Laryngismus stridulus, 
cra'zy. = Insane. C.sbone, the internal condyle 
of the humerus; funny-bone: blows upon it pro¬ 
duce a tingling sensation in the hand and arm. 
cream. The oily part of milk, which rises to the 
surface and is composed of butter, serum, and 
casein. C. of bismuth, a preparation of hydrated 
oxide of bismuth, 20 parts, thoroughly rubbed 
up with water, 80 parts. C. of lime, a mixture 
of lime and water, used for purifying coal-gas by 
its property of absorbing or combining with the 
contaminating gases. C. of tartar = potass ii 
BiTARTRAs*. [< L. cre'mor thick juice.] 
cream-om'e-ter. An instrument for determining 
the amount of cream in milk, 
cre'a-sol. = Creosol. 
cre'a-sote. = Creosote; creosotum*. 
cre-at'ic. Relating to flesh. C. nausea, abhorrence 
of flesh food. [</cpfac flesh.] 
cre'a-tin, -tine. A nitrogenized crystallizable sub¬ 
stance, C4H9N3O2 + H2O, methylglycocyamine. 



Microscopic View of Creatinine 
Zinc Chloride. 


obtained from 
muscle tissue, 
meat extract, 
etc.; kreatine. 

It does not com¬ 
bine with either 
acidsoralkalies. 

It is used as a 
muscular stim¬ 
ulant. Dose, 
o. I Gm. (I ^ 
grs.). [ < Kpiag 

flesh.] fere’- 
a-ti-nae'mi a, a 
morbid state 
supposed to be 
due to an excess 
of creatin in the 
blood. 

cre-at'i-nin, -nine. An alkaline base, C4K-N3O, into 
which creatin is changed by heating with hydro¬ 
chloric or other acids; methylglycocyamidine; kre- 
atinine: used like creatin. j^Thudichum’s test. 
creb-ru'ri a. Frequent urination, 
creche (cresh). An infant-shelter; a day-nursery, 
cre-dar'gan. A proprietary colloidal silver. 

Cre-d6’s method, i. A method of assisting the ex¬ 
pulsion of the placenta by squeezing the uterus 
with the hands through the abdominal walls. 2. 
The prevention of ophthalmia of the new-born by 
disinfecting the vagina of the mother during 
labor and by treating the eyes of the infant with 
a weak solution of silver nitrate. C.’s antiseptic 
= SILVER citrate. C.’s Ointment = unguentu m 
Cred^;. C.’s operation, abdominal hysterectomy 
with resection of the pubis, 
creeping bubo. A bubo, usually chancroidal, which 
ulcerates and spreads by semicircular advances; 
serpiginous bubo. C. paralysis, a vague popular 
term commonly designating locomotor ataxia. 


CREEPS 


CRESYLONE 


239 


C. pneumonia, wandering pneumonia. C. sick¬ 
ness, gangrenous ergotism as known in Germany, 
creeps. = Fidgets. 

cre-mas'ter. A muscle which supports and com¬ 
presses the testicle and spermatic vessels, consist¬ 
ing of a series of fibres from the internal oblique 
muscle let down in loops upon the cord; muscu- 
lus cremaster*. [< Kpejxav to suspend.] 
crem-as-ter'ic. Relating to the cremaster. C. 
artery, i. A branch of the deep epigastric 
artery supplying the cremaster muscle. 2. A 
branch of the spermatic artery to the cremaster 
muscle. C. fascia, a thin layer composed of the 
fibres of the cremaster and the connective tissue 
joining them. C. reflex, elevation of the testicle 
when the inner side of the thigh is irritated, 
cre-ma'tion. The practice or act of burning dead 
bodies or refuse, Incinerator, cre-mate'. 
cre-ma'tion-ist. cre-ma'tion-ism. cre-ma'tor. 
fcrem'a-to-ry, a furnace for cremation, 
crem'no-cele. Labial hernia; hernia pudendi. 
crem-no-pho'bi a. Insane dread of precipices, 
cre'mor. Cream. C. bismu'thi==: cream of bis¬ 
muth. C. tar'tari = poTASsii bitartras*. [L.] 
cre-na'tion. A wrinkled condition of the surfaces 
of the red bloodscorpuscles, such as is seen when 
they are treated with strong saline solutions. [< 
L. cre'na notch.] fcre'nate, cre-na'ted. 
cre'nic acid. An organic acid, CjgHjgOg, obtainable 
from the water of certain springs and from cer¬ 
tain forms of low vegetation. [ < Kprjvr} spring.] 
Cren'othrix. A genus of microscopic plants occur¬ 
ring in water. C. kuhnia'na is the best known 
species: it is not known to be pathogenic, 
cre'o-lin. A thick black liquid obtained from coal* 
tar. It is a valuable and safe deodorizer, anti¬ 
septic, and haemostatic in 2% solution, and is 
used internally in gastric disorders and in catarrh 
of the bladder. Dose, 0.06 to 0.3 Gm. (i to 5 grs.). 
C. gauze, gauze impregnated with creolin. 
cre-oph'i-la. Flesh*flies, the larvae of which cause 
myiasis. [< Kpeag fleshto love.] 
cre'o-sal. =Tannosal. 

cre'o-sol. A colorless, oily liquid, CgHjgOg, of an 
agreeable odor and a burning taste, and insolu¬ 
ble in water; homoguaiacol. It exists in creosote, 
and is obtained by the action of dilute sulphuric 
acid on potassium creosolate. 
cre-o-so'tal. An antituberculous preparation of 
guaiacol carbonate with other carbonates, con¬ 
taining 92% creosote. Dose, 1.3 Cc. (20 mins.), 
cre'o-sote. =Creosotum*. C.sbath, a bath con¬ 
taining creosote and glycerin: jised in squamous 
skin diseases. C.sbush, C.splant = Larrea Mexi¬ 
can a. Coalstar c., impure carbolic acid: some¬ 
times used as a substitute for creosote. C. water 

= AQUA CREOSOTI*. 

creoso'tum*. Creosote, a mixture of phenols and 
phenol derivatives, chiefly guaiacol and creosol, 
obtained during the distillation of wood*tar, pref¬ 
erably of that derived from the beech, Fa'gus 
silvai'ica. It is a colorless, brilliantly transpar¬ 
ent liquid, irritant, narcotic, styptic, powerfully 
antiseptic, and somewhat escharotic. Its use 
internally has been recommended in cholera, 
sea*sickness, and other affections of the stomach 
and bowels. In large doses it is a dangerous 
poison. It has been employed externally to ad¬ 
vantage in cutaneous affections and for indolent 
and malignant ulcers. It is also used by inhala¬ 
tion, subcutaneously, and internally in pulmon¬ 
ary phthisis. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). [L.] 


crep-i-ta'tion. i. The sound caused by pressing 
between the fingers any portion of cellular tissue 
in which gas is collected. 2. The noise produced 
by grating together the ends of a fractured bone. 
GF-Crepitus. [< L. crepita're to crackle.] fcrep'- 
i-tant, as C. rd/e == rale crepitant, crep-i-ta'- 
ting. 

crep'i-tin. An albuminoid from the milky juice of 
Hura crep'iians: acts like abrin. 
crep'i-tus. i. The discharge of gas or flatus from 
the bowels. 2. Crepitation, defs. i and 2. C. 
in'dux, a crepitant rale heard at the commence¬ 
ment of solidification of the lung in pneumonia; 
the true rale crepitant. C. re'dux, a form heard 
in the resolving stage of pneumonia, indicating a 
recession of the disease; crepitans redux. 
cre'sa-lol. Cresol salicylate, appearing as an intes¬ 
tinal antiseptic: metacresalol, orthocresalol, and 
paracresalol. Dose, 0.3 to i Gm. (5 to 15 grs.). 
cres'cent. i. Shaped like the new moon. 2. Any¬ 
thing shaped like the new moon. C. cells = 
MARGINAL CELLS. Cs. Of GianUZZi = GlANUZZl’s 
CRESCENTS. Cs. of the spinal cord, the lateral 
bands of the gray matter of the spinal cord. 
Each crescent consists of two horns, or cornua, 
distinguished as anterior and posterior. C. tertian 
malaria = ^STivo*AUTUMNAL malaria. [< L. 
cres'cere to increase.] fcres-cen'tic, as Anterior 
c. lobe, the anterior portion of the quadrate lobe 
(def. 2): and Posterior c. lobe, the posterior por¬ 
tion of the quadrate lobe (def. 2). 

Crescen'tia. A genus of bignoniaceous trees. C. 
ala'ta of Mexico has expectorant fruit and astrin¬ 
gent leaves. C. cuje'te, calabash*tree, a tree of 
tropical America. Its juice is laxative, and a 
syrup from its fruit is used as a pectoral, 
cre'sol*. A mixture of metacresol, orthocresol, 
and paracresol, C 7 H-.OH, obtained from coahtar, 
freed from phenol, hydrocarbons, and water; 
cresylic acid; cresylol; methyl phenol; oxyto- 
luene. Dose, 0.05 Cc. (i min.). C. iodide = 
LOSOPHAN. C.snaphtol, a brown, viscous liquid, 
said to be an active germicide. C. salicylate = 
CRESALOL. C. tannate = TANNosAL. [< Creo¬ 
sote -f L. oleum oil.] 

cres'o-lin. A proprietary preparation having prop¬ 
erties similar to creolin. 

cre-sor'cin. A crystalline substance, C7H8O2, de¬ 
rived from cresol; dioxytoluene. 
cres‘o-sul-phu'ric acid. An acid, C^H^O.SOg.OH, 
found in the urine of herbivorous animals, and 
also in minute quantities in human urine, 
cre-so'tic or cre-so-tin'ic acid. An acid, CgHgOg, a 
homologue of salicylic acid, occurring in three 
modified forms, fcres'o-tate, as Sodium c., an 
antipyretic, in which form cresotic acid is chiefly 
used. 

crest. A ridge, especially one forming the princi¬ 
pal border of a bone; crista*. C. of the ilium,, 
the expanded and thickened border which is in¬ 
clined upward, outward, and backward from the 
rest of the ilium; crista iliaca*. C. of the pubis, 
a crest running from the spine of the pubis to its 
inner extremity. C. of the tibia == tibial crest. 
C. of the urethra = caput gallinaginis. 
cre-syl'ic acid. = Cresol. C. alcohol, cresyl hy¬ 
drate, CyHgO, a colorless liquid found in the creo¬ 
sote from coalstar and in the tar of firewood. 
tcr*«'y-late, a salt of cresylic acid, 
cre'sy-lol. = Cresol. 

cre'sy-lone. A proprietary preparation said to be 
similar to liquor cresolis CQMppsiTug*. 


CRETA 


240 


CRISTA 


cre'ta. “ Chalk.” The Latin name for native 
friable calcium carbonate. C. praepara'ta*, 
prepared chalk, CaCOg, a native calcium car¬ 
bonate freed from most of its impurities by elu- 
triation: an excellent antacid, and well adapted 
to diarrhoea accompanied with acidity; also used 
in dyspepsia and gout and as an application to 
ulcers and burns. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). ^ 
Mistura cret^*; pulvis cret^ compositus*. 
[< L. Cre'ta the island of Crete.] fcre-ta'ce-ous, 
chalky, cre-te-fac'tion, calcification, 
cre'tin-ism. An endemic disease, common in 
Switzerland and other mountainous countries, 
characterized by goitre, stunted growth, swelled 
abdomen, wrinkled skin, wan complexion, vacant 
and stupid countenance, misshapen cranium, 
idiocy, and comparative insensibility. It seems 
to be associated with disturbance of the function 
of the thyroid gland. Spontaneous or sporadic c. 
= MYXCEDEMA. fcrc'tin, a person affected with 
cretinism, cre'ti-noid. i. Resembling cretinism 
or a cretin, as C. cFtfema = myxcedema. 2. One 
who resembles a cretin, cre'ti-nous. 
crew'els. = Scrofula. 

cri-bra'tion. The act or process of sifting or passing 
through a sieve. [< L. cribra're to sift.] 
crib'ri-form. Perforated, like a sieve, with small 
apertures. C. areas = maculae cribrosae. C. 
bone, the ethmoid bone. C. compress, a compress 
perforated with numerous holes, like a sieve, for 
the escape of discharges from a wound. C. fascia, 
that part of the deep layer of the superficial 
fascia of the thigh which closes the saphenous 
opening and is firmly attached to its margins; 
fascia cribrosa"^: so called because it is pierced with 
numerous openings for the transmission of the 
blood and lymphatic vessels. C. lamina, a per¬ 
forated plate separating the internal auditory 
meatus from the labyrinth. C. plate, the upper 
perforated plate of the ethmoid bone; lamina 
cribrosa*. It is received into the ethmoid notch 
of the frontal bone. C. spot = macula cri- 
BROSA [< L. crib'rum sieve -f for'ma form.] 
crib'Tose. Cribriform. C. cell, a cell whose walls 
are perforated with numerous sieve*like pores. 
CrichtonsBrowne’s sign (crai'tpn). = Browne’s 

SIGN. 

crick. A sudden painful spasm of a muscle, espe¬ 
cially of the back or of the neck, 
cri'co-. Denoting attachment to the cricoid carti¬ 
lage: a combining form. [</cpf/cop ring.] cri’cos 
ar’y-tae-noi'de us, either of two muscles which 
move the vocal cords and the glottis. The C. 
latera'lis arises from the upper edge of the side of 
the cricoid cartilage and is inserted into the outer 
angle of the base of the arytenoid cartilage. It 
closes the glottis. The C. posti'cus arises from the 
posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage and is 
inserted into the outer angle of the base of the 
arytenoid cartilage. It opens the glottis.— cri*- 
co=ar-y-te'noid, pertaining to the cricoid and ary¬ 
tenoid cartilages, as C. ligament, a band extend¬ 
ing between the cricoid cartilage and the inner 
and back part of the arytenoid cartilage.— cri- 
co-hy'oid muscle, an occasional muscle arising 
from the hyoid bone and inserted into the cricoid 
cartilage.— cri'coid, resembling a ring, as C. car¬ 
tilage, a cartilage at the lower part of the larynx, 
attached to the trachea below and articulating 
with the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages above; 
cartilago cricoidea*. — cri-coi-dec'to-my, excision 
of the cricoid cartilage^ — pri'co-pba-ryn'ge al 


ligament, a ligamentous band extending from the 
upper border of the cricoid cartilage to the ante¬ 
rior wall of the pharynx; ligamentum cricopha- 
ryngeum*. — cri’co-thy-re-ot'o-my, bronchotomy 
performed through the cricoid and thyroid carti¬ 
lages.— cri-co-thy'roid, pertaining to the cricoid 
and thyroid cartilages, as C. artery, a small branch 
of the thyroid artery in front of the cricothyroid 
membrane: C. ligaments, the ligaments connect¬ 
ing the cricoid and thyroid cartilages: C. mem¬ 
brane, a fibroselastic membrane stretching be¬ 
tween the cricoid and thyroid cartilages in front, 
and laterally extending inward and upward to 
form the true vocal cords; conus elasticus*: and 
C. muscle, a muscle passing from the cricoid car¬ 
tilage to the cornu and lower edge of the thyroid 
cartilage; musculus cricothyreoideus *.— cri'co- 
thy-roi'de us = CRICOTHYROID muscle.— cri-cot'- 
o-my, the surgical cutting of the cricoid cartilage. 
m- Laryngotracheotomy.— cri-co-tra'che al lig¬ 
ament, the membrane connecting the first tra¬ 
cheal cartilage with the cricoid cartilage; liga¬ 
mentum cricotracheale*. — cri*co-tra-che-ot'o-my, 
bronchotomy performed through the cricoid car¬ 
tilage and the trachea. 

crim'i-nal abortion. Abortion induced for any other 
purpose than to save or to prolong the life of the 
mother; foeticide. C. assault, in legal medicine, 
the touching or attempting to touch by a male of 
any of the sexual organs (including the breasts) 
of a female against her will, 
crim-i-nol'o-gy. The science of crime and criminals, 
cri'no, pi. crino'nes. i. A parasite that lives in or 
under the skin. 2. A disease of infants caused 
by this parasite. [L.] 

crin'o-sin. A substance from brain tissue, crystal¬ 
lizing in hairslike filaments. [ < L. cri'nis hair.] 
cri-no'sis. Any disorder of the secretions. [< 
KpivEtv to secrete.] 

cri'sis, pi. crt'5F5. i. In the course of a disease, that 
point or period which determines its favorable 
or unfavorable termination; the “ turningspoint.” 
Some of the varieties of crisis are Bronchial 
(= BRONCHIOCRISIS), CaRDIAC, CeREBRAL, CLI¬ 
TORIS, Dietl’s, Gastric, Haematic, Intestinal 
(= visceral). Laryngeal, Nephralgic, Rec¬ 
tal, Urethral, Vesical, and Visceral. 2. A 
paroxysmal and painful seizure, with disturbance 
of the function of some organ, occurring in tabes 
dorsalis. [ < KpioLg, fr. Kphetv to distinguish.] 
cris-pa'tion. A very slight convulsive motion or 
spasmodic contraction of certain muscles of the 
body, whether external or internal, 
crispatu'ra ten'dirihm. =Dupuytren’s contrac¬ 
tion. 

crisp'mint. = Mentha crispa. 
cris'ta*. = Crest. C. acus'tica, a local thicken¬ 
ing of the membrane lining the membranous 
ampullae of the semicircular canals, containing 
highly specialized neurosepithelium; papilla semi¬ 
lunaris. C. a'lae mag'nae, the horizontal ridge 
crossing the external surface of each great wing 
of the sphenoid. C. basila'ris. i. A feeble ridge 
on the lower surface of the basilar process of the 
occipital bone, giving attachment to the pharynx. 
2. The projecting ridge of the ligamentum spirale, 
to which the basilar membrane is attached. C. 
conchaTis*, the inferior turbinal crest. C. del- 
toi'dea, the deltoid ridge of the humerus. C. 
ethmoida'lis*, the superior turbinal crest. C. 
fem'oris = LiNEA aspera. C. for'nicis, ” crest of 
the fornix,” an ovoid prominence on the poste- 


CRITH 


241 


CROTAPHITIC NERVE 


rior surface of the fornix of the brain. C. fronta'- 
lis*== frontal crest. C. gal'li*, “ cock’s crest,” 
the peculiar process on the ethmoid bone to 
which the falx cerebri is attached. C. hel'icis, 
the projection of the helix of the external ear 
above the external auditory meatus. C. ili'aca* 
= CREST OF THE ILIUM. C. in'sulae = LIMEN IN¬ 
SULT. C. interos'sea = INTEROSSEOUS RIDGE. C. 
lachryma'lis or lacrima'lis*, a sharp ridge on the 
orbital surface of the lachrymal bone. C. nasa'- 
lis*, a ridge rising from the upper border of the 
palate process of the superior maxillary bone. It 
articulates with the vomer and forms part of the 
nasal partition. C. pectora'lis, the pectoral ridge 
of the humerus. C. pu'bis = pubic crest. C. 
sphenoida'lis* = SPHENOIDAL crest. C. spira'lis, 
a convex ridge on the front surface of the spiral 
lamina of the cochlea, formed by a continua¬ 
tion of the periosteum; limbus laminae spiralis. 
C. tib'iae = TiBiAL crest. C. transver'sa*, the 
transverse ridge which divides the surface of 
the cribriform lamina into two fossae. C. turbi- 
na'lis, the inferior turbinal crest. C. ure- 
thra'lis* = CAPUT GALLINAGINIS. C. VCStib'uli, a 
ridge on the floor of the vestibule separating 
the fossa hemisphaerica 
from the vestibular aque¬ 
duct. [L.] 

crith. The weight in vacuo 
of a litre of hydrogen gas 
at o° Centigrade, at the 
normal height of the ba¬ 
rometer. It is equal to 
0.0896 gramme, and is 
taken as the unit of weight 
for gases. 

Crithid'ia. A genus of par¬ 
asites, resembling trypan¬ 
osomes, found in certain 
mosquitoes and birds, 
crit'i-cal. Determining the issue of a disease; also 
applied to periods of life as decisive of certain 
changes of constitution, habits, etc. Crisis. 
C. abscess, one appearing at or determining the 
critical period of a disease. C. age, that period of 
female life when the catamenia become irregular 
and ultimately cease; climacteric; change of life. 
It is often attended with serious constitutional 
disturbance, and is sometimes the commencement 
of fatal diseases. C. perturbation, an exacerbation 
of temperature immediately before the crisis of a 
fever. C. point, i. A point of temperature above 
which a gas cannot be reduced to a liquid form 
by pressure; C. temperature. 2. The temperature 
at which a liquid assumes a gaseous form. C. pres¬ 
sure, the pressure necessary to condense a gas at 
its critical point. C. temperature — C. point. 
croak. To die. [Slang.] 

croak'ing centre. A centre in a frog’s brain which 
causes croaking when the animal is stroked, 
cro'ca-ted. Containing saffron, 
cro'ce in. A scarlet stain. 

crochet (cro-she). i. =Uncus. 2. = Crotchet. 
cro'cin. An orange=red coloring*matter, C^oHyoOjg, 
obtainable from saffron and other plants. It 
contains cro'ce-tin, C34H4gOg, a glucoside. 
croc'o-dile forceps. = Alligator forceps. 
cro-con'ic acid. A yellow crystalline acid, CgHgOj. 
cro'cose. A sugar, CgHigOg, isomeric with glucose, 
obtained from saffron; saffron^sugar. 

Crocq’s serum. Sodium phosphate, 2 Gm. in 100 
Cc. distilled water: used as an injection. 

16 



Crithidia from pure 
Culture (X1000). 


Cro'cus. I. A genus of iridaceous plants, compris¬ 
ing many species. 2. The 1890 U. S. P. name for 
saffron or Spanish saffron, the stigmas of Cro'cus 
sati'vus. 

cro-cy-dis'mus. =Carphology. 

Crof'tan’s method. A method for differentiating 
suprarenal tissue by biochemical tests. 

Crookes vacuum=tube. Rontgen rays. 

crop. The pouchslike enlargement in the gullet of 
birds, which serves as a receptacle for food; craw. 
m- Gizzard. 

cross of the aorta. The transverse portion of the 
aorta. Crosssbirth, in popular language, preter¬ 
natural labor of any kind. C.scirculation, circula¬ 
tion in a portion of the body of one animal of 
blood supplied from another animal. C.=eye = 
STRABISMUS. C.=knee = genu valgum. C.sleg 
deformity, a deformity which sometimes results 
from double hip disease; scissordeg. In it there 
are extension, strong adduction, and outward 
rotation of both legs. The patient walks cross* 
legged. C.slegged progression, a kind of walk in 
which the toes are turned in and the foot is 
placed in front of its fellow, as often in spastic 
diplegias. C.spin teeth, artificial teeth in which 
the pins are arranged parallel to the transverse 
diameter of the teeth, i®* Straight*pin teeth. 

crossed. Having the form of a cross; partly on 
one side and partly on the other. C. amblyopia, 
AMBLYOPIA. C. anaesthesia, anaesthesia of one 
side of the face and of the opposite side of the 
body. C. atrophy, a form of atrophy associated 
with some defect of one of the cerebral hemi¬ 
spheres. If there is atrophy of one side of the 
cerebrum, there will be smoothness of the fore¬ 
head on that same side and atrophy of the face 
and limbs of the opposite side. C. diplopia, ^ 
DIPLOPIA. C. hemiplegia, alternate hemiplegia. 
C. hermaphroditism, hermaphroditism in which 
the internal organs of one side and external of 
the other are of the same sex. C. lens, a lens 
whose two surfaces have a different curvature. C. 
parallax, heteronymous parallax. C. paralysis, 
alternate hemiplegia. C. pyramidal tract, py¬ 
ramidal TRACT. C. reflex, a reflex on the side of 
the body opposite that stimulated. 

Crotala'ria. A genus of leguminous, medicinal 
plants, some species being poisonous. 

cro'ta-lin. A proteid substance found in cobra and 
rattlesnake poison: used in pulmonary affections. 
Dose, 0.0005 Gm. gr.). 

Cro'talus. i. A genus of snakes including the rat¬ 
tlesnake (C. 
hor'ridus). 2. 

Rattlesnake* 
virus: used 
as a remedy 
by homoeopa- 
thists. 

cro'ta-phe, cro- 
ta'phi um. A 

painful throb¬ 
bing in the 
temple, with drumming in the ears. 

cro-taph'i on. A craniometrical point situated at 
the tip of the great wing of the sphenoid bone; 
the punctum alae vomeris. 

cro'ta-phite. Relating to the temples; temporal. 
C. depression, the temporal fossa. C. muscle, 
the temporalis muscle. 

crot-a-phit'ic nerve. The upper maxillary division 
of the fifth cerebral nerve. 



Head of Crotalus horridus. 


CROTCHET 


242 


CRURA 


crotch'et. A curved instrument for extracting the 
foetus after craniotomy. [< F. crochet hook.] 
cro'tin. A mixture of toxic albuminoids from the 
seeds of Cro'ton tig'lium: a vegetable agglutinin 
with haemolytic action on the blood of rabbits. 
Cro'ton. A genus of euphorbiaceous trees, shrubs, 
and herbs, natives of India, America, etc. C. 
cascaril'la is the plant which formerly afforded 
some of the cascarilla bark of commerce. C. 
eleute'ria, a shrub or small tree, of Eleuthera 
and other Bahama islands, the source of casca¬ 
rilla. C. malam'bo, a shrub of Colombia and 
Venezuela, having an aromatic bark, called 
malambo, which is employed as a tonic and 
febrifuge. C. tig'lium, the plant from the seeds 
of which croton oil is obtained: it is a small 
tree or shrub, growing native in Hindostan and 
the East India Islands. ^ Oleum tiglii*. C. 
aldehyde, a sharpssmelling liquid, C4HgO, found 
in the first runnings of raw spirits. C.=chloral = 

BUTYLCHLORAL. C. Oil = OLEUM TIGLII*. C.s 
oil liniment = LiNiMENTUM tiglii. [< /cporwv 
tick, which the seeds of some plants of this 
genus are fancied to resemble.] fcro'ton-ism, 
poisoning with croton seed or croton oil: marked 
by hemorrhagic gastrosenteritis. 
cro-to'ne. A small fungous growth in the perios¬ 
teum. [L., fr. Kporcdv tick.] 
cro-ton'ic acid. A poisonous acid, C4Hg02, obtained 
from croton oil. 

cro'to-nol. An aromatic constituent, CgHj^Oj, of 
croton oil: said to be its vesicant principle, 
cro-ton'y-lene. A pungent, colorless liquid, C^Hg, 
derived from coabtar; butinene. 
crou-no-ther'a-py. Treatment by mineral waters, 
croup. A disease marked by laborious and suffoca¬ 
tive breathing, with a stridulous noise, short, 
dry cough, and expectoration of a concrete 
membranous sputum. It is due to inflammation 
of the mucous membrane and the formation of a 
tough pseudomembrane. Catarrhal c., a croup¬ 
ous affection of children, marked by paroxysms 
of dyspnoea and a peculiar ringing, metallic 
cough. False c., simple inflammation of the 
larynx. C. kettle, an apparatus for impregna¬ 
ting with steam the atmosphere breathed by a 
croupous patient. Membranous c., inflammation 
of the larynx with formation of a pseudomem¬ 
brane; pseudomembranous croup; true croup: 
due to the diphtheria bacillus. Spasmodic c. = 
LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS. True c., membranous 
CROUP, fcrou'pous, of the nature of croup; 
marked by an exudation like that of croup, 
as C. bronchitis, plastic bronchitis: C. con¬ 
junctivitis — CONJUNCTIVITIS crouposa: C. in¬ 
flammation, inflammation marked by the forma¬ 
tion of a croupous membrane: C. membrane, a 
yellowish*white deposit appearing on mucous 
membrane affected with croup: C. nephritis, 
^nephritis: C. pneumonia, acute lobar inflam¬ 
mation of the lungs: and C. rhinitis, ^rhinitis. 
crou'py, resembling or affected with croup. 
crowd'=poi-son-ing. =Ochlesis. 
crow'foot. = Ranunculus. 

crow'ing convulsion. = Laryngismus stridulus. 
crown. =CoRONA. C. glass, glass. C.ssaw, a 
kind of trephine. C. of a tooth, the white portion 
of a tooth which projects from the gums; 
corona dentis*. C. of a trephine, the circular 
sawing part of a trephine. C. of Venus = co¬ 
rona veneris. C.swork, fitting an artificial 
crown to the neck of the root of a natural tooth. 


Croy'a fever. A disease of the high altitudes of 
South America: probably identical with Peru¬ 
vian verrugas. B. M.J. j. ’o6.] 
cru'ci al. Belonging to a cross or shaped like a 
cross; also severe, searching, decisive. C. anas¬ 
tomosis, an anastomosis of arteries in the upper 
part of the thigh, formed by the anastomotic 
branch of the sciatic, the internal circumflex, the 
first perforating, and the transverse part of the 
external circumflex. C. bandage = T^bandage. 
C. incision, two incisions made to cross each 
other. C. ligament, i. = Cruciform ligament. 
2. Crossed ligaments upon the palmar surfaces 
of the phalanges, beneath which the flexor 
tendons run. C. ligaments of the knee, an ante¬ 
rior or external, which arises in front of the spine 
of the tibia and is attached to the external con¬ 
dyle of the femur, and a posterior or internal, 
arising in front of the spine of the tibia and 
attached to the internal condyle of the femur. 
C. ridges = CRUCIFORM lines. 
cru'ci-ble. A'vessel made of baked clay, porcelain, 
charcoal, quartz, or various metals, as platinum, 
and used in melting or fusing substances by heat, 
cru-ci-fix'ion attitude. A rigid attitude of body, 
with arms stretched out at right angles: seen in 
epilepsy and hysteria. 

cru'ci-form, cru'ci ate. Like a cross; having the 
form of a cross with equal aims. C. ligament, 
a combination of the transverse ligament of the 
atlas and bands extending upward and down¬ 
ward from it to the basilar process of the occip¬ 
ital bone and to the body of the axis respec¬ 
tively; ligamentum cruciatum atlantis*. C. lines, 
curved lines on the inner surface of the occipital 
bone radiating from the internal occipital protu¬ 
berance. C. spine, the spine of the tibia, 
cru'cing. =Biscuiting. 

crude. Raw; unripe; uncooked; in its natural 
state. C. naphtha = NAPHTHA petroleum. C. 
tubercles, la- tubercle. [< L. cru'dus raw.] 
cru'els. Scrofulous swelling of the glands of the 
neck. [< F. icrouelles scrofula.] 
cru-en-ta'tion. An oozing of blood; the oozing of 
bloody juices from the cadaver, supposed to be 
due to the pressure of gases from within, 
cru-en'tin. A precipitate prepared by boiling defi- 
brinated blood with sulphuric acid and filtering. 
Crull’s diameter. The narrowest diameter of the 
forehead. C.’s line= suprasorbital line. 
crumb of bread. = Breadscrumb. 
cru'or. I. The red or purplishscolored portion of 
the blood. 2. Coagulated blood. [L.] 
cru'o-rin. = Hemoglobin. [< L. crw'or blood.] 
crup'per. The buttocks, especially those of a horse, 
cru'ra. The plural of crus. C. cerebel'li = pedun¬ 
cles OF THE CEREBELLUM. C. ccrebel'li ad pon'- 
tem, the middle peduncles of the cerebellum. C. 
cer'ebri, ts- crus cerebri. C. chor'dae spina'lis, 
cornua of the spinal cord. C. of the diaphragm 
or C. diaphrag'matis, a pair of fleshy pillars 
connecting the diaphragm with the spine; pillars 
of the diaphragm. C. of the fornix, the two pairs 
of diverging and arched cylindrical processes 
which represent the anterior and posterior ex¬ 
tremities of the fornix. C. pe'nis, the backward 
extensions of the corpora cavernosa penis: they 
are attached to the rami of the ischium and 
pubis. C. u'teri, the upper and outer angles 
of the uterine cavity which receive the oviducts: 
they represent the conspicuous uterine horns o. 
some of the lower aninv»ls. [L.] 


CRURyEUS 


243 


CRYPTO- 


cnirae'us. The deep part of the extensor quadri¬ 
ceps. [L., fr. crus leg.] 

cru'ral. Belonging to a leg. C. arch = femor.\l 
ARCH. C. area = area cruralis. C. artery = 
FEMORAL ARTERY. C. Canal = FEMORAL CANAL. 

C. hernia = femoral hernia. Pectineal c. 
hernia = Cloquet’s hernia. C. nerve, a branch 
of the genitocrural nerve distributed to the skin 
and the upper part of the anterior aspect of the 
thigh. Anterior c. nerve, a nerve arising from 
the lumbar plexus and distributed principally to 
the anterior and inner aspect of the thigh. Its 
largest branch, the internal saphenous nerve, 
passes as far as the inner side of the foot. It 
gives off various branches to the thigh. C. paral¬ 
ysis, paralysis involving especially the thigh. C. 
plexus. I. A nervesplexus surrounding the upper 
part of the femoral artery and derived from the 
branches of the anterior crural nerve. 2. {Of 
Cruveilhier.) A nerve^plexus in the posterior 
cervical region, derived from the great occipital 
and the first and second cervical nerves, and dis¬ 
tributed to the posterior cervical region. C. ring 
= femoral ring. C. septum = septum cru- 
rale. C. sheath = femoral sheath. C. sling = 
ANSA PEDUNCULARis. C. Vein, the femoral vein. 
[< L. crura'lis, fr. crus leg.] 
cru'rin. Quinoline=bismuth sulphocyanate, a red- 
dishsyellow granular powder; an antiseptic in 
syphilitic sores and ulcers and in gonorrhoea, 
cru-ri'tis. = Phlegmasia alba dolens. 
cru-ro-pel'vic cravat. An ilio=inguinal cravat. 
cruTo-per-i-to-ne'al hernia. A femoral hernia com¬ 
plicated with a properitoneal hernia, 
crus*, pi. cru'ra. i. The leg. 2. Any structure 
resembling a leg or stalk in appearance or func¬ 
tion. Crura. C. ad cer'ebrum, C. ad medul'- 
1am, and C. ad pon'tem, peduncles of the 
CEREBELLUM. C. cer'ebri, one of two thick 
stalks, composed principally of white matter, 
connecting the inferior surface of each hemi¬ 
sphere of the cerebrum with the upper surface of 
the pons; pedunculus cerebri"^. [L., “ leg.”] 
cru*so-cre-at'i-nine. = Chrysocreatinine. 
crust. Any hardened outer layer; especially, a 
solid mass produced by the drying of any exuda¬ 
tion or secretion on the skin; a scab. Milk c. = 
CRUSTA LACTEA. [ < L. crus'ta rind.] fcrus-ta'- 
ceous, as C. eruption, an eruption of crusts, 
crust'ed, as C. ringworm —faw s: and C. scale = 
IMPETIGO, crust'ing, the formation of crusts, 
crus'ta. I. = Crust. C. adamanti'na, the enamel 
of a tooth. C. fibro'sa, the cementum of a tooth. 
C. inflammato'ria = BUFFY coat. C. lac'tea, a 
skin disease, chiefly of nursing infants; eczema 
pustulosum of the head and face; milk crust. 
C. lamello'sa, a crust composed of lamellae or 
scales. C. petro'sa, the cement of a tooth. C. 
phlogis'tica = buffy coat. C. serpigino'sa = 
ACNE ROSACEA Or HERPES FACIALIS- 2. The 
lower ventral part of the crura cerebri, below 
the substantia nigra; pes. [L.] 
crus'tal. Relating to the crusta, def. 2. 
crutch. A stick reaching from the armpit to the 
ground and having a cross*piece or rest at the 
top: used by the lame to assist in walking. C. 
paralysis, a palsy of the arm due to the pressure 
of the crutchshead upon the nerves of the axilla. 
Cruveilhier’s atrophy, paralysis, or disease (crti-ve- 

ygz). = Progressive MUSCULAR ATROPHY. C.’s 

fascia, the superficial perineal fascia. C-’s plexus 

CRURAL PLEXUS, def. 2 . 


cry. Any sudden, sharp, inarticulate vocal sound. 

Epileptic cry; hydrocephalic cry. fcry'- 
ing, as C. centre, a centre in the rabbit, irritation 
of which causes the animal to utter a cry. It is 
situated between the optic thalamus and the 
corpus striatum. ^Croaking centre. 
cry-aes-the'si a. Abnormal sensitiveness to cold, 
cry-al-ge'si a. Pain caused by application of cold, 
cry-mo-dyn'i a. Chronic rheumatism, 
cry-mo'sis. Disease produced by exposure to cold, 
cry-mo-ther'a-py. Therapeutic employment of cold, 
cry-o-gen'ine. Metabenzaminocarbazide, a white, 
odorless, somewhat bitter powder: used as an 
antipyretic in phthisis and typhoid. Dose, 0.3 
to I Gm. (5 to 15 grs.). 

cry-o-hy'drate. A salt which contains water of 
crystallization only at very low temperatures, 
cry'o-lite. A native sodium and aluminum fluoride, 
cry-os'co-py. The accurate determination of the 
freezing point of liquids and solutions, especially 
those of the body, as blood, urine, etc., for the 
purpose of clinical study, Raoult finding that 
the lowering of the freezing point of a solution is 
inversely as the molecular weight of the sub¬ 
stance contained therein. s^-Cattell’s law. 
cry'os-tase. A mixture of equal parts of phenol, 
saponin, and camphor with traces of oil of tur¬ 
pentine. It solidifies when heated and becomes 
liquid when cooled to below 0° C. (32° F.). 
cryp-sor'chis. = Cryptorchis. 
crypt. =Crypta. Cs. of the iris, apertures in the 
iris when Descemet’s membrane is deficient. Cs. 
of Lieberkuhn = Lieberkuhn’s crypts. 
cryp'ta, pi. -tee. i. A small recess or sac. 2. A 
follicle or a follicular gland. Cryptse muco'sae = 
Lieberkuhn’s crypts. [L., fr. KpvTrrdg hidden.] 
cryp'ti-dine. An oily base, CjjHjjN, of a reddish 
color, obtained from coabtar. 
cryp-ti'tis. Inflammation of a crypt, 
cryp'to-. Denoting a crypt, small sac, or follicle; 
also, hidden or concealed: a combining form. [< 
KpvTTTog concealed.] cryp‘to-ce-pha'li a, the rudi¬ 
mentary state of the fetal head at birth.— cryp- 
to-ceph'a-lus, a monstersfoetus in which the head 
is very small and does not project from the 
trunk. — Cryptococ'cus xanthogen'icus, an ani- 
linophile, motile coccus from the yellow=fever 
cadaver: believed by Freire to be the cause of 
that disease.— cryp-to-crys'tal-line, composed of 
crystals of microscopic size.— cryp-to-did'y-mus, 
a teratism characterized by the concealment of 
one foetus within another. — cryp'to-gam, any 
one of the lower plants which have no true 
flowers but reproduce by means of spores.— 
cryp-to-gen'ic, of obscure or doubtful origin, as 
C. pycemia, pyaemia in which the source of infec¬ 
tion is in the deep tissues: C. septicopycemia, 
spontaneous septicopycemia: and C. tuberculosis, 
tuberculosis whose origin is obscure.— cryp'to- 
lith, a calculus within a crypt.— cryp-to-li-thi'a- 
sis, calcification of a skin tumor.— cryp'to-lyte, an 
unorganized ferment. (^Ferment.— cryp’to- 
men-or-rhoe'a, a condition in which the monthly 
molimen is experienced but no external manifes¬ 
tations occur. — cryp*to-meTO-rha-chis'chi-sis = 
SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA. — cryp-toph-thal'mus. i. 
Complete congenital adhesion of the lids. 2. A 
person having this defect, Ablepharon. — 
cryp'to-pine, an alkaloid, C.JJH23NO5, obtained 
from opium. It is hypnotic and anodyne, like 
morphine, but more poisonous. Dose, 0.008 Gm. 
(i gr.).— cryp-to-py'ic, marked by concealed 


CRYSTAL 


244 


CUCURBITATION 



suppuration. — cryp-tor'chis, cryp-tor'chid, one 
whose testicles have not descended into the 
scrotum, but are still concealed within the ab¬ 
domen. Monorchis, fcryp-tor'chi-dism, the 
condition of a cryptorchis.— cryp'to-scope, a fluo- 
roscope or skiascope.— cryp-to-zo'ic, apparently 
but not really dead; having vital functions in 
abeyance.— cryp-toz'y-gous, a term applied to a 
skull the zygomatic or dental arches of which are 
not visible from directly above, 
crys'tal. An angular solid bounded by plane faces 
which are symmetrically arranged around imag¬ 
inary lines, called axes, 
by cohesion or chemi¬ 
cal forces acting on its 
constituent molecules 
usually in their transi¬ 
tion from a fluid to a 
solid state. For spe¬ 
cially named varieties 
see the adjectives. C. 
molecules, molecular 
bodies supposed to be 

present in solutions of crystalline substances and 
to give to the solutions their rotary power. [< 
KpvovaX?io^ ice: properly, clear ice.] 
crys-tal-bu'min. A proteid from the crystalline lens, 
crys'tal-lin. i. A peculiar substance (globulin) 
forming onestbird of the crystalline lens of the 
eye. An a and a /? variety are described. 2. An 
old name for ANILINE. 3. A proprietary collodion, 
crys'tal-line. Belonging to crystal; like crystal. 
C. capsule, the capsule of the crystalline lens. C. 
globulin = VEGETABLE GLOBULIN. C. humor— 
C. LENS. C. lamina, the anterior portion of the 
capsule of the crystalline lens. C. lens, a trans¬ 
parent double convex lens situated in the fore 
part of the vitreous chamber of the eye imme¬ 
diately behind the pupil; crystalline humor; lens 
crystallina*■ C. swelling of Soemmering, a ring* 
shaped swelling behind the iris, following opera¬ 
tion for cataract and due to proliferation of the 
cells of the capsule. C. uridrosis = uridrosis 
CRYSTALLINA. 

crys-tal-li'tis. Inflammation (theoretical) of the 
lens; phakitis. 

crys-tal-li-za'tion. The process by which crystals 
are formed, or the process by which substances 
passing from a fluid to a solid state assume def¬ 
inite geometrical or angular forms. Water of c., 
water which combines with a substance when 
crystallizing, and which cannot be removed with¬ 
out destroying its crystalline structure, 
crys-tal-lo-pho'bi a. A morbid dread of objects 
made of glass. 

crys-tal-log'ra-phy. The science which treats of 
crystals and crystallization, 
crys'tal-loid. i. Resembling crystal. 2. A non* 
colloid substance. C. tunic, the capsule of the 
crystalline lens. 

crys'tal-lose. Sodium saccharinate: employed for 
the same purposes as saccharin. 
crys*tal-lu-ri-dro'sis. Urinous perspiration with for¬ 
mation of crystals on the skin. 

CS2. Chemical formula of carbon disulphide. 
Cs. The chemical symbol for caesium. 
cte-nid'i um. The true gill of a mollusk. 
Ctenoceph'alus ca'nis. =Pulex serraticeps. 
Ctenoph'ora. A class of free swimming jellyfishes. 
Cu. The chemical symbol for copper (L. cu'prum). 
cu'bage. i. The act of ascertaining cubical capac¬ 
ity. 2. The cubical capacity of any cavity. 


Cu'ban itch. A mild epidemic of smallpox which 
appeared in America after the Spani-sh*American 
war in 1898; Philippine measles, 
cube. A solid bounded by six equal squares, 
fcu'bic, cu'bi-cal, as C. expansion, expansion or 
increase in length, breadth, and thickness: C. 
index, a craniometrical index, being the ratio of 
the cubical contents of the skull to that of a 
right*angled prism having the same diameters: 
and C. nitre, sodium nitrate, 
cu'beb. ==CuBEBA. C.scamphor, a variety of 
camphor deposited by oil of cubeb. 

Cube'ba. i. A genus of piperaceous shrubs of the 
tropical parts of Asia and Africa. 2. The U. S. P. 
name for the dried, unripe, but fully grown, 
fruit of Pi'per cube'ba; cubeb. It is generally 
stimulant, with a special effect on the urinary 
organs: used in gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, urethri¬ 
tis, and piles. Dose of powder, i Gm. (15 grs.), 
often used in the form of cigarettes for catarrhal 
affections of the respiratory tract. k^Fluid- 

EXTRACTUM CUBEB.E*; OLEORESIN.\ CUBEB^*; 
OLEUM CUBEB^*; TROCHISCI CUBEB.E*. Cubeb 
contains cu'be-bene, an oily compound 

derived from the oil by distillation with sul¬ 
phuric acid; cu-beb'ic acid, C,^HjgO^, an amor¬ 
phous acid, which is strongly diuretic and its 
most active principle; and cu'be-bin, CjoHj^Og, 
an inert crystalline substance. [<Arab. cuba'- 
bah.] t cu'beb-ism, poisoning with cubebs: 
marked by acute gastro*enteritis. 
cu'bebs. In the plural, the berries of Cubeb a. 
cu'bi-lose. The mucilaginous substance of edible 
birds’ nests. [< L. cuba're to lie down.] 
cubitas'us exter'nus. = Extensor carpi ulnaris. 

C. inter'nus = flexor carpi ulnaris. 
cu'bi-tal. Belonging to the forearm. C. artery, 
the ulnar artery. C. bone, the cuneiform bone 
of the wrist. C. nerve = ulnar nerve. 
cubita'lis riola'ni. =- Anconeus muscle. 
cu'bi-ti-dig'i-tal. Relating to forearm and fingers, 
cu-bi-to-cu-ta'ne ous nerve. The internal cutaneous 
nerve of the arm. 

cu-bi-to-pal'mar artery. The superficial palmar arch, 
cu'bi-to-ra'di al muscle. = Pronator radii quad- 

RATUS. 

cu'bi-tus*. I. The forearm, extending between 
the elbow and the wrist. 2. The ulna. [L., 
elbow.] 

cu-bo-cu'ne-i-form. Relating to the ciiboid and cu¬ 
neiform bones, as C. articulation. 
cu'boid. Like a cube. C. bone, a bone on the 
outside of the foot in front of the calcaneum and 
alongside of the scaphoid; os cuboideum*. 
cu*bo-met-a-tar'sal. Relating to the cuboid bone 
and the metatarsus, as C. joint. 
cu-ca'sa. Soluble saccharate of copper and lime: 
a fungicide. 

cuculla'ris. The trapezius muscle, 
cu'cum-ber. The fruit of different species of Cu'- 
cumis. The common cucumber is C. sati'vus. 
The seeds and the juice of the fruit are actively 
diuretic. C. ointment, an ointment from green 
cucumbers, veal suet, and lard: used for irrita¬ 
tions of the skin. Squirting c., Ecballium. 
Cu'cumis. 0“ Cucumber. [L.] 

Cucur'bita. i. A genus of cucurbitaceous plants. 
C. pe'po, m- PEPO*. 2. A distilling vessel shaped 
like a gourd; a cucurbit. 3. A cupping*glass. 
i^CucuRBiTULA. [L., a gourd.] 
cu-cur-bi-ta'tion. The operation of cupping, 
Scarification, 





CUCURBITINE 


245 


CUNEOCUBOID LIGAMENTS 


cu-cur'bi-tine. An alkaloid existing in the seeds 
of the common pumpkin, Cucur'bita pe'po. 
cucurbit'ula. A cupping-glass. C. cruen'ta, “ bloody 
cupping-glass,” or one intended to draw blood. 
C. sic'ca, a ‘‘ dry cupping-glass,” a cupping-glass 
used for dry cupping without scarification. [L., 
dim. of cucur'bita gourd.] 

cud'bear. A pharmaceutical coloring matter essen¬ 
tially the same as litmus. 
cui-chun-chul'li. A species of lonid'ium, a viola¬ 
ceous plant of Peru and Ecuador; emetic, cathar¬ 
tic, and diuretic. 

cui-rass' cancer. A cancer of the thorax, surround¬ 
ing it like a breastplate. Tabetic c. A circum- 
thoracic area of paraesthesia found in tabes. 
cuUdessac, pi. culs^de^sac. A tube or cavity closed 
at one end. C. of Douglas = Douglas’s cul- 
de-sac. [F.] 

Cu'lex. A genus of dipterous insects comprising the 
gnat (C. pi'piens) and the mosquito, ts* Malaria. 
C. cal'opus or fascia'tus = Stegomyia calopus. 

J.A. M.A. j. ’07.] C. fat'igans, the harborer 
of the Fila'ria philippinen'sis, and capable of 



transmitting dengue. C. pun'gens, the com¬ 
monest North American species. fcu'li-cide, a 
substance, as kerosene, used to destroy mos¬ 
quitoes or their eggs and larvae, cu-lic'i-fuge, a 
preparation for preventing the attacks of gnats, 
mosquitoes, and other insects, 
cul'let. Refuse glass for re-njelting. 
cul'men. The anterior and superior part of the 
monticulus of the vermis superior cerebelli. 
cul-ti-va'tion. The artificial propagation of micro¬ 
organisms for study. 

cul'ture. I. = Cultivation. 2. A medium con¬ 
taining micro-organisms which have been propa¬ 
gated artificially. Some of the varieties of cul¬ 
ture are Agar, Bouillon, Drop-, Gelatin, 
Hanging-drop, Mixed, Nail-, Needle ( = punc¬ 
ture), Plate, Puncture, Pure, Roll-, Slant, 
Slide, Smear, Stab, Stick ( = stab). Streak, 
and Tube. C.sbulb, a culture-tube shaped like 
a bulb. C.scell, a small chamber, fastened to a 
microscopic slide, in which a culture may be 
kept moist for miscroscopic examination at any 
time. C.sfluid, a fluid culture-medium. C.s 
media, the solid or liquid media used in the cul¬ 
tivation of bacteria. Among the most common 
are broths and bouillons, gelatin, blood-serum, 
agar, potato, etc. C.soven, an oven-like appa¬ 
ratus, which may be kept at a uniform tempera¬ 
ture, for the cultivation of certain bacteria. C.s 
tube, a cotton-stoppered test-tube in which 
bacterial cultures are made. [ < L. co'lere to till.] 
fcul'tu-ral. 

Cul'ver’s physic or root. Leptandra*. 

cum. Latin preposition meaning “with.” Con-. 

cu'ma-rin. =Coumarin. 

cum'ene, cum'ol. A colorless, oily compound, Cg- 
Hj 2 or CeH^(C3H7), isopropyl benzene, obtained 
variously, as by the distillation of cumic acid 


with lime, from which cum'i-din, CgHjgN, a 
liquid homologous with aniline, is derived, 
cum'ic or cu-min'ic acid. A crystalline acid, Cjy- 
HjgOj or CgH4(C3H7)COOH, para-isopropylben- 
zoic acid, derived from oil of cumin. C. aldehyde 
= cuMiNOL. tcu'myl. cu-mi-nu'ric acid, cumyl- 
glycocoll. ^Hippuric acid. 
cum'in. An umbelliferous plant, Cumi'num cymi'~ 
num, native of Egypt and Syria. Its fruit 
.(cumin^seed) is an agreeable aromatic and has 
stimulating and carminative properties, 
cum'i-nol or cum-in-al'de-hyde. A clear, fragrant 
oil, or aldehyde, CjgHjgO, obtainable from cumin- 
seed. When it is boiled with alcoholic potassium 
cyanide cu-mi-no'in, C20H24O2, a white crystalline 
substance, is obtained, which, in turn, on oxida¬ 
tion with chlorine, forms cum'i-nil, a yellow, vol¬ 
atile crystalline substance, C20H22O2. 

Cumi'num. Cumin. 
cum'ol. = Cu M EN E. 

cu'mu-la-tive. Increasing by successive additions. 
C. action, the property of acting with violence or 
powerful efficacy after several successive doses of 
a medicine have been taken with little or no ap¬ 
parent effect. [< L. cu'mulus heap.] 
cu'mu-lus, pi. cu'muli. A heap of cells encircling 
a ripe ovum in a graafian follicle; the discus pro- 
ligerus. [L., a heap.] C. obph'o-rus = cumulus. 
cun'dum. = Condom. 
cun-du-ran'go. =Condurango. 
cu'ne al. Relating to a wedge. [ < L. cu'neus wedge.] 
cu'ne-ate. Wedge-shaped. C. fasciculus or funic¬ 
ulus, the continuation into the medulla oblon- 
gata of the posterior 
external column of the 
cord. C. lobule = cu- 
NEus*. C. nucleus = 

NUCLEUS CUNEATUS. 

External or Accessory c. 
nucleus, a small gray 
mass external to the 
cuneate nucleus, probably a continuation of 
Clarke’s column. 

cu'ne-i-form. Formed like a wedge. C. bone of 
the foot, any one of the three bones of the foot 
in front of the scaphoid bone. The cuneiform 
bones of the foot are distinguished as first, second, 
and third, or inner, middle, and outer, or entocu- 
neiform, mesocuneiform, and ectocuneiform, count¬ 
ing from the inner side of the foot. C. bone of 
the wrist, the third one of the first row of carpal 
bones, counting from the outer or thumb side; 
pyramidal bone; os triquetrum*. C. cartilage, 
one of the two eminences of cartilage, one on 
each side, in association with a little group of 
glands on the aryteno-epiglottic fold just in front 
of the comiculate cartilage; cartilage of Wris- 
berg; carlilago cuneiformis [Wrisberg{\*. C. col¬ 
umns, the columns of Burdach, small, wedge- 
shaped tracts of white substance occupying the 
lateral part of the posterior column of the spinal 
cord. C. deformation, deformation of the skull 
produced by pressure on the frontal and occipital 
regions. C. lobe = biventral lobe. C. process 
= BASILAR PROCESS. C. tubercle = C. carti¬ 
lage. [ < L. cu'neus wedge + for'ma form.] 
cu*ne-i-for'me. Any cuneiform bone. [L.] 
cu*ne-i-hys-te-rec'to-my. The excision of a wedge- 
shaped piece from the uterus for the treatment 
of anteflexion. 

cu'ne-o-cu'boid ligaments. The ligaments connect¬ 
ing the cuneiform and cuboid bones. 







CUNEUS 


246 


CURRICULUM 


cu^ne-us*. A wedge-shaped lobule on the mesial 
aspect of the occipital lobe of the brain, between 
the calcarine and parieto-occipital fissures. [L.] 
cu-nic'u-lus. The burrow of the itch-insect, Sar- 
cop'tes hom'inis, in the human skin. [L.] 

Cuni'la maria'na. Dittany, a labiate plant of the 
United States: a domestic remedy producing 
good carminative and diaphoretic effects. 
Cunisset’s test (cii-ni-sez). A test for bile in the 
urine, made by shaking the urine with chloro¬ 
form, when a yellow color will be produced if 
biliary matter be present. 

cun-ni-lin'guist, cun-ni-lin'gus. One who has sexual 
pleasure in licking the vulva. [< L. cun'nus 
vulva. + Un'gere to lick.] 
cun'nus. = Vulva. [L.] 

cup. I. A cupping-glass. 2. Any cup-shaped 
organ. C.=and=ball joint — enarthrosis. C. 
cells = GOBLET-CELLS. C. pessary, a pessary 
having a cup-like top shaped to fit over the os 
uteri. tcupp®d, hollowed like a cup: said of the 
buffy coat of blood drawn in inflammation. C. 
disk, an exaggeration of the physiological de¬ 
pression of the optic disk: a grave pathological 
symptom, as in glaucoma, 
cu'po-la. I. The dome-like apex of the canal of 
the COCHLEA. 2. The summit of an intestinal 
lymph-follicle. C. acus'tica, a dome-like semi¬ 
liquid mass enveloping the auditory hairs. C. 
space, the attic of the tympanum, 
cup'ping. I. The application of cupping-glasses, 
either with the drawing of blood from (y/ et c.) 
or to {Dry c.) the surface of the body. ^Bier’s 
PASSIVE HYPERyEMiA. C.sglass, a glass cup in 
which a partial vacuum is produced by heat, used 
in cupping; cucurbitula. 2. The formation of a 
circular depression, as C. of the optic disk. 
^Cupped disk. 

cu'pram. A fungicide ammoniacal copper solution, 
cup-ram-mo'ni a. A solution of copper hydroxide 
in ammonia, used as a reagent in chemical and 
physiological laboratories; Schweizer’s reagent. 
It is a solvent of cellulose, 
cu-prar'gol. A compound of copper and albumin; 

used to reduce inflammation, 
cu'pra-tin. A combination of copper and an albu¬ 
minoid resembling ferratin. 
cu'prea bark. i^Remijia. It contains the alka¬ 
loid cu'preine, C19H22N2O2. 
cu'pri sul'phas*. Copper sulphate, CUSO4 + 5H2O, 
consisting of large, transparent, deep blue, tri¬ 
clinic crystals; blue vitriol. It is odorless, of a 
nauseous, metallic taste, and slowly efflorescent 
in dry air. Small doses have been recommended 
in diarrhoea, but it is chiefly used as an external 
application for ulcers and a styptic for bleeding 
surfaces. It has been employed on a large scale in 
the purification of drinking water. Dose, astrin¬ 
gent, o.oi Gm. (1 gr.); emetic, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). 
cu'prine. A copper-colored alkaloid, CjiH^NO., de¬ 
rived from narcotine. 

cu-pro-hae'mol, Haemol containing 2% of copper 
in organic combination, 
cu'prol. Copper nucleinate: used in solution, 
cu'pro-nine. An alkaloid, C2oHjgN20g, derived from 
narcotine and occurring as a black powder, 
cu'prum, gen. cu'pri. — Copper. C. ammonia'- 
tum = COPPER ammoniosulphate. 
cu'pu-la*. = Cupola, def. i. [L.] 

Curasao (cfl-ra-sb'). A strong and highly flavored 
liqueur, originally prepared at Curasao, from bit¬ 
ter orange-peel, sugar, water, and alcohol : a 


vehicle for medicines. C. aloes — Aloe barb.\.- 
DENSis. [< Curasao, a West India island.] 
curage (cu-razh). = Curettage. [F.] 
cu-ra're, cou-ra'ri. A native extract (arrow-poison) 
from various species of South American Strych'- 
nos, as S. toxif'era, S. guble'ri, etc.; urari; woorari; 
woorali; wourali; tubocurare. It is antitetanic, 
nervine, etc., and paralyzes the ends of the motor 
nerves of the voluntary muscles; in toxic doses, 
it causes death by paralysis of the respiratory 
organs. Dose, 0.005 Gm. (yV gr.). It contains 
an active alkaloidal principle, cu-ra'rine (cu-ra'- 
sine or tubucurarine), C 4 j,H 26 N 20 . Dose, 0.0005 
to 0.005 Gm. to y^y gT.). fcu-ra'rism, a 

state of paralysis of the peripheral parts of the 
motor nerves, the result of the administration 
of curare, cu-ra'rize, to bring under the influ¬ 
ence of curare, cu-ra-ri-za'tion. 
cu'ra-tive. Of or tending to the cure of disease. 
Cur'cas pur'gans. =Jatropha curcas. 

Cur'cuma. A genus of zingiberaceous plants. The 
root of C. lon'ga, or turmeric, is a stimulant 
aromatic, somewhat resembling ginger. It is 
one of the ingredients in curry-powder. C.spaper 
= TURMERIC PAPER. fcuFcu-min, a yellow color¬ 
ing-matter, Cj^Hj^O^, contained in C. lon'ga. 

curd. The coagulum which separates from milk 
upon the addition of acid, rennet, or wine, the 
liquid portion being called whey. It consists of 
casein with most of the fatty elements of the 
milk. C.ssoap = sapo animalis. fcur'dy, as C. 
pus, pus containing curd-like masses. 

cure. I. A special course or system of treatment. 
2. The successful treatment of a disease. 3. A 
medicine able to remove a disease. 

cureGall. A panacea; a universal remedy, 
cu-rette', cu-ret'. i. A sort of scraper or spoon 
used in removing granulations, foreigpi matters, 
incrustations, etc., from the walls of normal or 
other cavities. 2. To use a curette. [F.] fcu- 
ret'tage, cu-rette'ment, the act of using a curette, 
cu'rie. The quantity of the emanation in equilib¬ 
rium with one gramme of metallic radium. There 
is also a millicurie, the equivalent of one milli¬ 
gramme of radium. 

curled. In bacteriology, composed of parallel chains 
in strands, as in anthrax colonies. 

Cur'ling’s ulcer. Ulceration of the duodenum some¬ 
times following a severe bum. 
cur'rant. The fruit of various species of Ri'bes. 
C.sjelly clot or thrombus, a fibrin clot of a red 
color and a soft, jelly-like consistence, 
cur'rent. That which flows; applied especially to a 
stream of electricity moving along a conductor. 
Some of the varieties of current are Alterna¬ 
ting, Ascending (= centripetal). Axial, Bat¬ 
tery, Centrifugal, Centripetal, Constant, 
Continuous, D'Arsonval (ts* arsonvalization), 
Demarcation, Descending (= centrifugal). 
Direct, Electrotonic, Electrovital, Eye-, 
Faradic, Galvanic, Interrupted, Inverse, 
Labile, Muscle-, Primary, Secondary, Sta¬ 
bile, and Voltaic. C. of action, an electric 
current produced in a muscle while in a state of 
contraction. C.sbreaker, an apparatus for mak¬ 
ing and breaking a galvanic current. C.sregula- 
tor, a rheostat. C. of rest, an electric current 
in a muscle while at rest. C.sreverser== commu¬ 
tator. C.sselector, an apparatus for admitting 
to the galvanic circuit any desired number of 
cells of a battery. [< L. cur'rere to rim.] 
cur-ric'u-lum. A specified fixed course of study. [L.] 


CURRYsPOWDER 


247 


CUTIS 


cur'ryspowder. An aromatic compound of black 
pepper, white pepper, capsicum, coriander, fenu¬ 
greek, caraway, ginger, and turmeric. It is much 
used as a flavoring for food in the East Indies, 
Cursch'mann’s spirals. Coils of long, twisted fibrils 
in sputum of asthma, pneumonia, exudative 
bronchitis, etc. ^ CharcotsLeyden crystals. 



Curschmann's Spiral (magnified). 


cur'tate expectation. Expectation of life. 
curva'tor coccy'gis. An occasional muscle arising 
from the anterior surface of the fifth piece of the 
sacrum and inserted into the anterior surface of 
the coccyx. [L.] 

cur'va-ture. The continuous flexure or bending of 
a line from a rectilinear direction: applied to a 
deformity or contortion of the spine. C. ametro¬ 
pia, ametropia due to changes in the curvature 
of the refractive media of the eye. C. hyperme- 
tropia, ^ HYPERMETROPiA. C. myopia, myopia. 
C. of the spine, abnormal and excessive curva¬ 
ture of the spinal column. When projecting 
backward it is called kyphosis, when due to 
vertebral disease angular c. or Pott's c.; forward 
curvature is lordosis; and when in a lateral direc¬ 
tion it is lateral c. or scoliosis. C. of the stomach, 
the curved outline of the upper (lesser c.) and 
lower (^greater c.) borders of the stomach, 
curve. A flexure or bending. C. of Cams, ts- 
Carus. fcurved, as C. line, either of the two 
parallel arched ridges on the lower surface of the 
occipital bone, distinguished as superior and 
inferior: and C. lines of the ilium, three feebly 
marked lines crossing the outer surface of the 
ilium; gluteal ridges. They define the spaces of 
attachment of the gluteus muscles, and are dis¬ 
tinguished as superior, middle, and inferior. 
Cu'sack's operation. An operation for hemorrhoids. 


performed by applying a clamp and cauterizing, 
cus-cam'i-dine, cus'ca-mine, cus-con'i-dine, cus'co- 
nine. Alkaloids from cinchona bark. 

Cus'co bark. The commercial name of a variety of 
Peruvian bark, from Cincho'na pubes'cens. 
Cus'co’s speculum. A two«bladed vaginal specu¬ 
lum with blades reparable by a screw. 

Cuscu'ta. Dodder, a genus of leafless, parasitic, 
convolvulaceous plants, with thread*like stems. 
C. europce'a has been used in medicine as 
an aperient and a diuretic, 
cush'ion of the epiglottis. A 
backward projection from the 
posterior surface of the epi¬ 
glottis. 

cu'sol. A form of copper citrate, 
cusp. A tapering or pointed pro¬ 
jection; especially applied to the projections 
upon the crown of a tooth and to the pointed 
segments of a cardiac valve. [< L. cus'pis 
point,] fcus'pi-date, having cusps: said of teeth 
or leaves. 



Cuspidate Leaf. 


cus-pa'ria. =Angustura. From it are derived 
cus-par'i-dine, an alkaloid, CigHj^NOg-, cus^pa-^j^ 
a crystallizable substance; and cus'pa-rfhej!*^ 
crystalline alkaloid, CjgHjgNOg. 
cus'pid. A canine or eye tooth, 
cus'so*. Kousso, the dried panicles of the pistil¬ 
late flowers of Hage'nia abyssin'ica (formerly 
Braye'ra anthelmin'tica): used as a vermifuge, 
cut. = Laceration. 

cu'tal. Aluminum borotannate. Soluble c., alu¬ 
minum borotannotartrate. 
cu-ta*ne-o-pha-lan'ge al ligaments. Ligamentous 
fibres extending from the sides of the phalanges 
near the joints to the skin, and holding it in 
place during flexion. 

cu-ta'ne ous. Belonging to the skin. C. absorption, 
a function of the skin by which certain prepara¬ 
tions rubbed into it have the same action as 
when given internally, only in a less degree. 
C. anaesthesia = TACTILE anesthesia. C. apo¬ 
plexy, a sudden determination of blood to the 
skin and adjacent cellular membrane. C. asthma, 
reflex asthma produced by irritations of the skin. 
C. calculus, a miliary tubercle which has under¬ 
gone calcification. C. cyst. I. A cyst in or just 
beneath the skin. 2. = Dermoid cyst. C. em¬ 
physema, subcutaneous emphysema. C. gland, 
any gland of the skin, including the hairs, 
sebaceous, and sudoriparous glands. C. horn 

= CORNU CUTANEUM. C. leprOSy = LEPRA 
NODOSA. C. lymphadenia, mycosis fungoides. 
C. medicine, the application of medicines to the 
skin. C. mole, a pigmented spot on the skin. 
C. muscle {of the scalp), the occipitofrontalis mug- 
cle. C. naevus, a naevus of the skin. C. nerves, 
nerves which supply the skin. C. neurosis, any 
functional disturbance of the cutaneous nerves. C. 
reflex, reflex action caused by stimuli applied to 
the skin or superficial mucous membranes. C. 
respiration, inhalation of oxygen and exhalation 
of carbonic dioxide by the skin. C. stimulant, 
an agent that increases the activity of the skin, 
inducing diaphoresis. C. tuberculin reaction, fs- 
Pirquet’s reaction; puncture reaction; tu¬ 
berculin. [< L. cuta'neus, fr. cu'tis skin.] 
cu'ti-cle. The epidermis; the outermost layer of 
the skin. [< L. cu'tis skin.] fcu-tic'u-lar, as 
C. membrane = Nasmyth's membrane. 
cutic'ula den'tis*. = Nasmyth’s membrane. 
cu-tic’u-la-ri-za'tion. The formation of skin upon 
a wound or bum. 

cu'ti-dure. The hard or homy element in skin tissue, 
cu'tin. A preparation of the muscular layer of the 
intestine of cattle; used as a substitute for catgut, 
cu-ti-punc'tor. A skin^puncturing instrument. 
cu*ti-re-ac'tion. gf- Pirquet’s reaction ; puncture 

REACTION. 

cu'tis. I. The skin, consisting of the cutis vera 
and the epidermis. 2. The cutis vera, or tme 
skin. C. anseri'na, “ goose-skin,” that condition 
of the skin, produced by cold, drowning, etc., 
occasioning contraction of arrectores pilomm 
muscles, in consequence of which the papillae 
become rigid and erect, giving to the skin the 
appearance of that of a plucked goose. ^ Hor¬ 
ripilation. C. lax'a, a rare congenital and he¬ 
reditary skin disease in which the skin is loose 
and very elastic permitting it to be drawn into 
large folds. C. pen'dula, unusual flabbiness of 
the skin, rar- Dermatolysis. C. suil'la, “swine- 
skin,” that congenital condition of the skin in 
which it is dry, hard, and scantily furnished with 




CUTISECTOR 


248 


CYCLO- 


stiff hairs. C. ten'sa chro'nica, scleroderma. C. 
testa'cea, general seborrhoea. C. unctuo'sa = 
SEBORRHCEA. C. vc'ra, the true skin, derm, or 
corium. [L., fr. Kvrog or CKvrig skin or hide.] 
cu-ti-sec'tor. An instrument for nipping bits of 
skin from living subjects for microscopic study, 
cu-ti'tis. = Dermatitis. 

cu-ti-za'tion. The assumption of the characters of 
skin by mucous membrane which has become ex¬ 
posed to the air. 

cut'soff muscle. = Compressor urethra. 

cut'tle-fish. Sepia. 

Cuvier’s angle (cii-vyez). The facial angle. C.’s 
canals, ducts, or sinuses, two venous channels in 
the embryo, one on either side, formed by the junc¬ 
tion of the primitive jugular and cardinal veins: 
the right one becomes the superior vena cava. 
Cwt. Abbr. for hundredweight, 
cy. Chemical symbol for cyanogen. 
cy-am'e-lide. A white compound, CONH, regarded 
as a modified form of cyanic acid, 
cy-a-nae'mi a. The condition of the blood in cya¬ 
nosis. [< KvavoQ dark blue-fal^a blood.] 
cy-an-al'co-hol. An alcohol in which an alphas 
hydrogen atom is replaced by cyanogen, 
cy-an'a-mide. A crystalline substance, CN.NHg, 
obtained by the action of ammonia on cyanogen 
chloride or bromide. 

cy'a-nate. Cyanic acid in combination with a base, 
cy-an-ben'zene. == Benzonitrile. 
cy-an-eph-i-dro'sis. = Cyanhidrosis. 
cy-an-haem'a-tin. A compound from heating 
together blood and a potassium cyanide solution, 
cy-an-hi-dro'sis. Blueness of the sweat; the excre¬ 
tion of blue or bluish sweat, 
cy-an-hy'dric acid. = Hydrocyanic acid. 
cy-an-hy'drin. The addition product of hydrocy¬ 
anic acid and an aldehyde or ketone, 
cy-an'ic acid. An acid, HOCN, stable only at low 
temperatures. 

cy'a-nide. A compound of cyanogen with a metal 
or other radical. The cyanide of cacodyl is a 
deadly poison. C. dressing, a mercury and zinc 
cyanide antiseptic dressing for wounds, 
cy-an-i-dro'sis. = Cyanhidrosis. 
cy'a-nin. i. The blue coloring matter of flowers. 
2. Quinolinesblue, a blue dye prepared from 
quinoline and amyl iodide, 
cy'a-no-. Denoting blue: a combining form. [< 
Kvavog blue.] cya-no-chroi'a, a blue color of 
the skin; cyanosis, fcya-no-chro'ic; cy-a-noch'- 
rous. — cya-no-der'ma, a blue or bluish dis¬ 
coloration of the skin. — cy-an'o-gen. i. The 
univalent radical, CN, found in hydrocyanic 
acid and other cyanides. It does not exist in a 
free state. 2. = Dicyanogen. — cya-no-haem- 
o-glo'bin, a combination of hydrocyanic acid with 
haemoglobin, made by mixing hydrocyanic acid 
with warm blood.— cya-no-my-co'sis, the devel¬ 
opment of Micrococ'cus pyocya'neus in pus.— cy- 
a-nop'a-thy = cyanosis. — cy-a-noph'i-lous, capa¬ 
ble of being readily stained with blue stain.— 
cy'an-o-phose, a phose of a blue color. — cy- 
an'o-phyll, the blue constituent of chlorophyll. 

Chlorophyll ; xanthophyll. — cy-a-no'pi a, 
cy-a-nop'si a, blue vision; perversion of the sight 
in which everything appears tinged with blue.— 
cya-no-sper'mi a, blue discoloration of the semen, 
cy-a-no'sis. i. A blue color of the skin, resulting 
from congenital malformation of the heart or 
from some defect of pulmonary circulation, by 
which the venous blood is not wholly oxygenated. 


2. A blue coloration arising from some temporary 
and nonsorganic cause. C. bul'bi, congenital blue 
discoloration of the sclerotic. [< Kvavug blue.] 
fcy'a-nosed. cy-a-not'ic, as C. induration. 
cy-an-sul-phaem'. The hypothetical common com¬ 
ponent of haemoglobin and chlorocruorin- 
cy-an'u-ret. — Cyanide. 

cy-a-nu'ric acid. A crystalline acid, C3N3H3O3, 
soluble in hot water and in alcohol and slightly in 
cold water; tricyanic acid; tricarbamide, 
cy-a-nu'rin. =Uroglaucin. 

cy-as'ma, pi. cyas'mata. A freckle on the forehead, 
face, or hands of a pregnant woman. 

Cyath. Abbr. for L. cy'athus, a glassful, 
cy'a-thus. The canal of the infundibulum, def. i. 
Cyc'lamen. A genus of perennial primulaceous 
plants, natives of Europe. The root of C. europce'- 
um (common cyclamen) is acrid, and is used as a 
drastic cathartic. Dose of powdered root, 1.3 to 
2.6 Gm. (20 to 40 grs.). It contains cyc'la-min 
== ARTHANITIN, which on boiling with dilute acids 
yields cyc-la-me-re'tin, ^ 15 ^ 2202 - 
cyc-lar-thro'sis. A joint admitting of rotation; a 
pivotsjoint, as that in which the head of the ra¬ 
dius turns on the ulna; rotatory diarthrosis; lat¬ 
eral ginglymus. [< KvaXog circle -|- arthrosis.] 
Cyclas'ter (Cyclaste'rion) scarlatina'lis. A body, be¬ 
lieved to beaprotozoan, foundinthe skin in scarla¬ 
tina, and which is supposed to cause that disease, 
cy'cle. The round or succession of symptoms in a 
disease, Cardiac cycle. [< C . KVKlog circle.] 
cyc-len-ceph'a-lus. = Cyclocephalus. 
cyc'lic, cyc'li-cal. Having cycles; occurring in 
cycles; exhibiting the same series of phenomena 
over and over again. C. albuminuria, intermit¬ 
tent albuminuria, a condition in which albumin 
occurs in the urine at certain periods; physio¬ 
logical albuminuria. C. insanity = circular in¬ 
sanity. C. vomiting, recurrent or fitful vomiting, 
marked by persistent vomiting, with concurrent 
depression and with signs of collapse, 
cyc-li-cot'o-my. =Cyclotomy; cylicotomy. 
cyc-li'tis. Inflammation of the ciliary circle and 
the adjoining parts of the eye. It may be rheu¬ 
matic, scrofulous, traumatic, syphilitic, tubercu¬ 
lous, etc. m- Iridocyclitis. Pure c., an affec¬ 
tion marked by the formation of deposits in the 
vitreous and upon the posterior wall of the 
cornea, without symptoms of change in the iris 
or pupil. [< KVKXog circle or ring.] 
cy'clo-. Relating to a circle, or to the ciliary body; 
also, oneseyed: a combining form. [< KVK?Mg 
circle.] cy-clo-ceph'a-lus. i. A monster in 
which the eyes are both in one orbit or blended 
into one; a Cyclops. 2. The head of a person 
affected with hydrocephalus, fcy-clo-ce-pha'li a. 
— cyclo-cho-roi-di'tis, inflammation of the ciliary 
body and the choroid.— cyclo-pan-oph-thal'mus, 
a monster with one central orbit and with ab¬ 
sence of the eyeball.— cy-clo-pho'ri a, rotation of 
the eyeball due to insufficiency of the oblique 
muscles of the eye.— cy-clo'pi a, that form of 
monstrosity in which there is but one eye=orbit. 

Cyclops; monophthalmia. —cy-clo-ple'gi a, 
a paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye. 
clo-ple'gic.— cy'clops, a monster having but one 
eye, or two eyes blended into one. — cy-clo'sis, 
circulation, as of the blood or other fluid, but 
especially of the protoplasm in a cell. — cy-clo- 
thym'i a = CIRCULAR insanity, fcy-clo-thym'- 
iac.— cy'clo-tome, an instrument for fixing the 
eyeball and at the same time making the corneal 


CYESIOGNOSIS 


249 


CYPRIPEDIUM 


incision in an operation for cataract or other 
cutting operation on the eye. — cy-clot'o-my, 
division of or incision into the ciliary muscle; 
intrasocular myotomy. 
cy-e*si-og-no'sis. The diagnosis of pregnancy, 
cy-e'si-ol'o-gy. The science or doctrine of preg¬ 
nancy; a treatise on pregnancy, 
cy-e'sis. Pregnancy. [Gr.] tcy-et'ic. 

Cyl. Abbr. for cylinder; cylindrical lens. 
cyl-i-cot'o-my. The division of the ciliary muscle 
of the eye. [< kvIl^ cup +T 0 fi 7 ] cutting.] 
cyl'in-der. A solid generated by revolving a rec¬ 
tangle about one of its sides; also any body re¬ 
sembling such a figure, especially a cylindrical lens 
and a cylindrical cast. C.saxis = axis^cylinder. 

C.saxiS process = AXIS = CYLINDER PROCESS. C. 

epithelium, columnar epithelium. C.sfilling, a 
filling for tooth=cavities consisting of cylinders of 
goldsfoil or tin*foil. [ < L. cylin'drus, fr. KvXivdpoq 
cylinder.] tcy-lin'dric, -dri-cal, as C. bone, a long 
bone with a cylindrical hollow shaft, as the femur 
or the humerus: C. bronchiectasis, i®- bronchiec¬ 
tasis: C. cast = CYLiNDROiD, def. 2: C. epithelium, 
columnar epithelium: and C. lens, a lens having 
a cylindrical surface. 

cyl’in-drar-thro'sis. A joint in which the surfaces 
are cylindrical, allowing motion in a single plane, 
cy-lin'drosad-e-no'ma. An adenoma which con¬ 
tains cylindrical masses of hyaline material. 
cy-lin*dro-ceph'a-ly. The condition of having a 
cylindersshaped head. 
cy-lin*dro-den'drite. = Paraxon. 
cy-lin'droid, i. Resembling a cylinder. 2. A mu¬ 
cous cast of irregular form occurring in the 
urine in certain diseases. C. aneurism, an aneu¬ 
rism formed by a uniform dilatation of the whole 
circumference of a vessel; tubular aneurism. C. 
protuberance, the hippocampus major, 
cyl-in-dro'ma, pi. cylindro'mata. A name vaguely 
applied to several varieties of malignant tumor, 
sarcomatous or carcinomatous, especially a tumor 
about the face, marked by the presence of irregu¬ 
larly cylindrical hyaline masses, due to the de¬ 
generation of an epithelioma running along a 
tract of lymphatic passages. tcyi"iii"drom'a- 
tous, as C. sarcoma, a sarcoma whose substance 
is traversed by cylinders of myocomatous tissue. 
cy-lin*dro-sar-co'ma. A tumor combining the char¬ 
acteristics of a cylindroma and a sarcoma, 
cyl-in-dru'ria. The presence of casts in urine, 
cyl'lin. A proprietary preparation of creolin: it 
may be used as an inhalant, 
cyl-lo-po'di a. Any distortion of the foot; club-foot, 
especially talipes varus. 

cyl-lo'sis. Club*foot or other deformity of feet or 
legs; lameness resulting from such deformity, 
cyl-lo-so'mus. A monstrosity marked by lateral 
eventration, with absence or imperfect develop¬ 
ment of the limb on the deformed side, 
cym'bi-form. Boatsshaped; scaphoid, 
cym-bo-ceph'a-ly. That condition in which the 
head is boat^shaped. [<. KVjuIdp boat +/ce^a/l?; 
head.] fcyni'bo-ce-phal'ic ; -ceph'a-lous. 
cy'mene, cy'mol. A hydrocarbon, C10H14, para- 
methylpropylbenzene, found in the oil of the 
seeds of Cumi'num cymi'num and in the oils of 
thyme and eucalyptus, and obtained artificially 
by the distillation of camphor with phosphoric 
anhydride; camphogen. From it cy'mi-din, Cjq- 
HjjN, an oily liquid, is derived, 
cy'me-nol. =Carvacrol. 
cy-mi'num. The fruit of cumin. 


cy'mo-gene. The lightest commercial petroleum 
product, a gas at ordinary temperatures: used 
in ice manufacture, or Petroleum. 
cy'mo-graph. = Kymograph. 
cynanche (sf-nang'ci). Acute inflammation of the 
throat causing choking or suffocation; sore 
throat, especially quinsy. C. contagio'sa, C. 
laryn'gea= CROUP. C. malig'na, putrid or gan¬ 
grenous sore throat: often diphtheritic or scar¬ 
latinal. C. parotide'a = parotitis. C. pharyn'- 
gea = pharyngitis. C. sublingua'lis = angina 
LUDOvici. C. tonsilla'ris, quinsy. C. trachea'lis 
= CROUP. [< Kvcjv dog -t- to strangle.] 

cy-nan'thro-py, cy-nan-thro'pi a. A kind of insanity 
in which the patient fancies himself changed into a 
dog. Lycanthropy ; zoanthropy. 
cy-na'pine. =^thusine. 

cyn'ic. Like a dog; dogslike; canine. C. spasm. 
I. Spasm in which the lips are so retracted as to 
show the teeth, is- Risus sardonicus. 2. The 
orgasm. [< L. cyn'icus, fr. kvcjv dog.] 
cy'no-. Resembling or relating to a dog: a com¬ 
bining form. [< KVCJV dog.] cy'no-bex, a dry, 
barking cough sometimes affecting boys and girls 
at puberty; C. hebetica; barking disease.— 
cy-no-ce-phal'ic, having a head with prominent 
nose and jaws like a dog’s.— cy-no-cop'rus = 
ALBUM GR^cuM.— cyn-o-don'tes, the canine 
teeth.— cy-no-lys'sa. i. Canine madness; hydro¬ 
phobia. 2. A worm once incorrectly believed 
to be found under the tongue of a dog or 
person affected with canine madness.— cy-no- 
pho'bi a = LYSSOPHOBIA. — cy-no-rex'i a, canine 
appetite; bulimia. 

Cynoglos'sum. Hound’s tongue, a genus of herba¬ 
ceous boraginaceous plants of Europe and the 
United States. The root of C. ofjicina'le of 
Europe is reputed to be antispasmodic and nar¬ 
cotic. It is also used as a sedative and demul¬ 
cent for coughs, catarrh, diarrhoea, and dysentery- 
Dose of fl. ext., 0.6 to 2 Cc. (10 to 30 mins.), 
cyn-u-ren'ic acid. An acid, C2 oHj4N20q + H2O, found 
in dog’s urine: converted by heating into cyn'u- 
rin, a crystalline base, CJ8HJ4N2O2. 
cy-o-pho'ri a. The period of gestation. [</£Po^o- 
p'la pregnancy.] tcy-oph'o-rin, a substance 
found by Rauche in the urine in pregnancy; 
gravidin. 

cy'o-pin. The pigmentary matter of blue pus. 
cy-ot'ro-phy. Fetal nutrition. 

Cype'rus articula'tus. Adrue, a plant of the West 
Indies, whose root is tonic and anti*emetic. Dose 
of fl. ext., 2 Cc. (30 mins.), 
cy-pho'sis. = Kyphosis, tcy-phot'ic. 
cy'press oil. An oil obtained from Cupres'sus sem- 
pervi'rens, used in whooping-cough by sprinkling 
the bed-clothes about the patient, 
cyp'ri-dol. A 1% solution of mercuric iodide in an 
aseptic oil: used in syphilis, 
cyp-ri-dop'a-thy. Any venereal disease. 
Cypripe'dium*. “ Venus’s slipper,” popularly called 
“lady’s slipper.” i. A genus of beautiful or¬ 
chidaceous plants. 2. The U. S. P. name for the 
dried rhizome and roots of C. hirsu'tum or of C. 
parviflo'rum, both indigenous plants. It is a 
gentle nervous stimulant and antispasmodic, used 
for the same purposes as valerian. It has also 
been recommended in neuralgia, hypochondriasis, 
and sensitiveness of the nervous system, particu¬ 
larly of‘the eye. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). ^ 
Fluidextractum cypripedii*. a resinous pre¬ 
cipitate from the tincture is called cyp-ri-pe'din. 


CYPRIPHOBIA 


250 


CYSTIDOTUACHELOTOMY 


cyp-ri-pho'bi a. Morbid fear of sexual intercourse; 

coitophobia. [< Kvrrp/g Venus + (j) 6 ( 3 og fear.] 
Cyrillo’s ointment (tshi-rib6z). An ointment of 
mercury perchloride 4 parts and lard 32 parts: 
used in syphilis, 
cyx-sot'o-my. =Cirsotomt. 

cyr'to-, cyrt-. Denoting curvature or convexity: 
a combining form. [ < Kvprog curved.] cyr-to- 
cor'y-phus, a term for a skull in which the 
parietal angle is from 122® to 132°.— cyr'to-graph, 
a cyrtometer which registers the curvature.— 
cyr-tom'e-ter, a device for use in measuring the 


curves of the chest, 
head, or other curva- 
ological. i®-Stetho- 
e-try. — cyr-to-me- 
skull in which the 
from the metopion to 
nasion is from 120° 
sus. I. Rickets. 2. 
chitic or not. — cyr*- 
term for a skull in 


the outlines of the 
tures, normal or path- 
GRAPHY. tcyr-tom'- 
to'pus, a term for a 
angle between lines 
the bregma and the 
to 130.5°.— cyr-ton'o- 
Cyrtosis, whether rha- 
to-pis-tho-cra'ni us, a 
which the angle at the 



Wilson’s Cyrtometer. 


summit of the occiput is between 117° and 140°. 
— cyr-to'sis, recurvation of the spine, or posterior 
crookedness. It has been termed Cyrtonosus and 
Morbus incurvus. These are old synonyms of 
rickets, and are now rarely used except as desig¬ 
nating an effect of that disorder.— cyr-tu'ra-nus, 
a skull in which the angle at the highest point 
of the roof of the mouth is between i<2° and 
i 47 - 5 °- 

cyst. I. Any membranous sac or bladder. 2. An 
abnormal sac or vesicle containing a liquid or 
semiliquid substance. For specially named cysts 
see the adjectives. [< L. cys'tis; bladder.] 

cys-tad-e-no'ma, pi. -no'maia. An adenoma con¬ 
taining cysts. C. papillif'erum, one in which there 
is a papilliform proliferation of connective tissue 
within the cysts. 

cys-tad*e-no-sar-co'ma. Cystadenoma combined 
with sarcoma. 

cyst'am-in. = Hexamethylenamina*. 
cys-ta-nas'tro-phe. Inversion of the urinary blad¬ 
der. [< Kvarig bladder-bavacrrpo^^ overturning.] 
cys-ta-tro'phi a. Atrophy of the urinary bladder, 
cys-tau-che-ni'tis. Inflammation of the neck of 
the bladder; trachelocystitis. 
cys-tau-che-not'o-my. Incision of the neck of the 
urinary bladder. 

cys-taux'e. Enlargement of the urinary bladder, 
especially thickening of its coats, 
cys-tec'ta-sy. = Lithectasy. 

cys-tec'to-my. Excision of a cyst or bladder, es¬ 
pecially the gall-bladder, 
cyst'ed. Enclosed in a cyst; encysted, 
cys'te-in. A crystalline substance, C3H7NO2S, ob¬ 
tained by reducing cystin. 
cys-tel-co'sis. = Cysthelcosis. 


cys'tel-minth. Any cystic worm, 
cys-ten-ceph^a-lus. A monster in which the brain 
enclosed in its membranes has the appearance 
of a membranous bag. 

cys-ten-de'sis. Suturing of a wound of the urinary 
bladder or of the gall-bladder, 
cys-ter'e-thism. Irritability of the bladder, 
cyst-hel-co'sis. Ulceration of the bladder, 
cyst-hep'a-to-lith. A calculus in the gall-bladder, 
cys-thi'tis. = Vulvitis. 
cyst-hy-gro'ma. A cysticolymphatic tumor, 
cyst-hy-per-sar-co'sis. Hypertrophy of the muscu¬ 
lar coat of the bladder. 

cys'tic. I. Belonging to the urinary or gall-bladder. 

2. Relating to or having the structure of a cyst. 

3. Full of cysts; having cysts. 4. Relating to 
cystin. C. artery, a branch from the right di¬ 
vision of the hepatic artery supplying the gall¬ 
bladder; arieria cystica*'. C. bile, bile in the 
gall-bladder. C. bronchocele, goitre containing 
cysts. C. calculus = BILIARY CALCULUS. C. canal 
= C. DUCT. C. cancer, a carcinoma which has 
undergone cystic degeneration. C. degeneration, 
degeneration characterized by the presence of 
cysts. C. duct, the duct which proceeds from the 
gall-bladder and unites with the hepatic duct to 
form the ductus communis choledochus; ductus 
cysticus*. C. fossa, the depression on the under 
surface of the right lobe of the liver for lodging 
the gall-bladder. C. goitre = C. bronchocele. 
C. kidney, a diseased kidney containing numer¬ 
ous cysts formed by dilatation of Bowman’s 
capsules. C. mole = hydatid mole. C. oxide = 
CYSTIN. C. plexus, a sympathetic nerve-plexus, 
derived from the hepatic plexus, situated at and 
distributed to the gall-bladder. C. tumor, a 
tumor consisting of one or more cysts. C. valve, 
the spiral folds of mucous membrane at the neck 
of the gall-bladder; Keister’s valve. C. vein, a 
vein which returns the blood from the gall-blad¬ 
der, emptying into the portal vein. C. worm, a 
bladder-worm. ^ Cysticercus ; echinococcus. 

cys-ti-cer'coid. i. Relating to a cysticercus; hyda¬ 
tid. 2. The hydatid stage of a tapeworm larva. 
Cysticer'cus. The tailed bladder-worm; the sco- 
lex of the Tac'nia, consisting of a head connected 
with a bladder-like sac. Hydatid. C. acan- 
tho'trias, a species found in the intestines and in 
the dura mater of the human brain. C. bo'vis, 
the larva of Tcc'nia mediocanella'ta, found in the 
muscles of the ox. C. cellulo'sae, the larva of 
Tcc'nia so'lium of man. It is found in the mus¬ 
cles of the pig, causing the disease known as 
measles. C. racemo'sus, a species occurring es¬ 
pecially in the brain, with the sacs grouped in a 
grapelike cluster. C. tae'niae sagina'tas, a species 
found chiefly in the voluntary muscles, heart, and 
brain of cattle. C. tenuicol'lis, a hydatid found 
in the abdomen of swine, sheep, and occasionally 
man. It is the larva of Tce'nia margina'ta of the 
dog- [ < K-varig bladder -f KipKog tail.] 
cys'ti-cle. A very minute cyst, 
cys-ti-cot'o-my. Incision into a cystic duct, as for 
the removal of calculi. 

cys-ti-do-la-pa-rot'o-my. Incision into the bladder 
through the abdominal wall, 
cys-ti-do-my-e-lo'ma. Medullary cancer of the 
bladder. 

cys'ti-do-pa-ral'y-sis. = Cystoparalysis. 
cys-ti-do-ple'gi a. = Cystoplegia. 
cys-ti-do-tra-che-lot'o-my. Incision of the neck of 
the bladder. 









CYSTIFELLEOTOMY 


251 


CYSTO- 


cyS‘ti-fel-le-ot'o-niy, Extraction of a gall*stone 
from the gall-bladder; cholecystotomy. 
cys-tif'e-rous. Containing or producing cysts, 
cys'ti-form. i. Having the appearance of a cyst. 
2. Encysted; hydatid. 

cys'tin. A peculiar substance, CgHgNSOo, some¬ 
times found in small quantities in the urine; cys¬ 
tic oxide. It is an amino-acid obtained from pro¬ 
teins by means of 
hydrolytic cleavage. 

Occasionally it forms 
a constituent of uri¬ 
nary calculi. C. cal¬ 
culus, a soft, waxslike 
calculus composed 
chiefly of cystin. [ < 

L. cysti'na, fr. Kvarcg 
bladder.] fcys-ti-nae'- 
mi a, the presence of 
cystin in blood, cys- 
ti-nu'ri a, the pres¬ 
ence of cystin in. 
urine: usually de¬ 
notes hepatic disease, and the possible presence 
of stone in the bladder, 
cys-tip'a-thy. Any disease of the bladder, 
cys-tir-rha'gi a. A discharge from the bladder, 
cys-tir-rhoe'a. A mucous discharge from the blad¬ 
der; vesical catarrh. 

cys'tis. =CysT. [L., fr. Kvartg bladder.] 
cys-ti-tax'is. Hemorrhagic oozing internally in the 
gall-bladder or in the urinary bladder, 
cys-ti'tis. Inflammation of the urinary bladder. 
It may be acute or chronic. In the former there 
is a burning sensation in the bladder, pains in 
the urethra and perineum, painful micturition, 
fever, and chills; in the latter the symptoms are 
similar, but milder, and are attended with 
gradual impairment of the health, resulting even 
in death from exhaustion or involvement of the 
kidneys, Pyelitis. Exfoliative c., cystitis in 
which there is a sloughing of the mucous mem¬ 
brane, portions of it becoming separated and 
lying loose in the bladder. C. muco'sa, inflam¬ 
mation of mucous membrane of the bladder; 
catarrhal, typhoidal, gonorrhoeal, and sometimes 
diphtheritic. C. parenchymato'sa, inflammation 
of the entire wall of the bladder, often with sub¬ 
mucous and subserous abscesses, fcys-tit'ic. 
cys'ti-tome. i. =Cystotome. 2. An instrument 
to open the capsule or sac of the crystalline lens, 
cys'to-. Denoting a cyst or bladder, especially the 
urinary bladder; a combining form. [< Kvarig 
cyst or bladder.] cys*to=ad-e-no'ma, a tumor 
containing cystic and adenomatous elements.— 
cys'to-blast = cytoblast. — cys*to-bu-bon'o-cele, 
a rare kind of hernia, in which the urinary blad¬ 
der protrudes through the inguinal opening.— 
cys’to-car-ci-no'ma, carcinoma which has under¬ 
gone cystic degeneration. — cys*to-ca-tarrh', 
catarrh of the bladder.— cys'to-cele. i. Hernia 
in which the urinary bladder is protruded; 
hernia vesicalis. 2. Prolapse of the bladder into 
the vagina, pushing the vaginal wall before it.— 
cys-to-chon-dro'ma, an enchondroma containing 
cysts.— cys-to-co-los'to-my, the surgical forma¬ 
tion of an opening between the bladder and the 
colon.— cys-to-col-pi'tis = coleocystitis. — cys- 
to-col'po-cele — CYSTOCELE, def. 2.— cys'to-cope, 
a kind of sound for use in exploring for stone in 
the bladder. It is intended to transmit the noise 
made when the instrument strikes the calculus. 


— cys-to-dyn'ia, pain in the bladder; cystalgia 

— cys’to=e-lyt'ro-plas-ty, plastic repair of injuries 
of the bladder and vagina. — cys'tosen'te-ro-cele, 
a hernia of a portion of the bladder and of the 
intestine. — cys-to=e-pip'lo-cele, a hernia contain¬ 
ing a portion of the bladder and omentum.— 
cys‘to=ep-i-the-li-o'ma, a combined cystoma and 
epithelioma. — cys'to-fi-bro'ma, a fibromatous 
tumor containing cysts. — cys'to-gen = hexa- 
METHYLENAMiNA*.— cys-to-gen'c-sis. I. =Cyto- 
GENEsis. 2. The formation of cysts. — cys-to- 
gen'ic aneurism, an aneurism arising from the 
rupture of a cyst into the lumen of an artery. 

— cys*to-haem-or-rha'gi a, hemorrhage from the 
bladder.— cys'toid, resembling a cyst or bladder, 
as C. cicatrization, cicatrization producing a cyst¬ 
like swelling: and C. tumor, a tumor containing 
cysts.— cys'to-lith, a urinary calculus, fcys-to- 
lith'ic. — cys-to-li-thec'to-my, the excision of a 
gall-stone from the gall-bladder.— cysdo-li-thi'a- 
sis, urinary calculous disease. m- Calculus; 
LiTHiASis. — cys-to-lu'te in, a yellow pigment 
found in certain ovarian cysts.— cys-to'ma, a 
true cystic tumor; a tumor containing cysts 
which are not normal cavities or passages abnor¬ 
mally dilated; as C. ova'rii, ovarian cysts fllled 
with colloid, and later thinly fluid, liquid.— cjs- 
to-mer'o-cele, femoral hernia containing some 
portion of the bladder.— cys’to-my-o'ma, com¬ 
bined cystoma and myoma. — cys'to-myx’osad- 
e-no'ma, a cystomyxoma involving glandular 
tissue: seen most frequently in the cervical 
canal.— cysdo-myx-o'ma, a myxoma which has 
undergone cystic degeneration.— cys-ton'cus, any 
tumefaction of the bladder.— cys*to-ne-phro'sis, 
a cystiform enlargement or dilatation of the 
kidney. — cys’to-neu-ral'gi a, neuralgic pain in 
the bladder; cystalgia. — cys*to-pa-ral'y-sis, 
paralysis of the urinary bladder, Cystic. — 
cys'to-pex-y, the fixation of the bladder by 
attaching it to the abdominal wall: performed 
for the cure of cystocele.— cys'to-pho-tog'ra-phy, 
the taking of photographs 
of the interior of the 
der. — cys'to-plast, a 
with a nucleus and an ( 
lope. — cys'to-plas-ty, ope¬ 
ration for vesicovaginal 
fistula, consisting in unit¬ 
ing a flap taken from the 
external labium, by suture, 
to the newly pared edges of the sore, 
fcys-to-plas'tic.—cys-to-ple'gi a, 
cys-to-plex'i a, paralysis of the blad¬ 
der. tcys-to-ple'gic. — cys-top-to'sis, 
relaxation of the internal coat of the 
bladder, which protrudes into the 
urethra. — cys-to-pu'rin, a urinary 
antiseptic, said to be a combination 
of two molecules of sodium acetate 
with one of hexamethylenamine 
and having the formula CgHjjN^-sC- 
H3COONa + 6H2O. — cys*to-py-e- 
li'tis, cystitis combined with pyeli¬ 
tis.— cys*to-pye-lo-neph-ri'tis, com¬ 
bined inflammation of the bladder 

and renal pelvis.— cys*to-py-lom'e- Cystoscope. 
ter = PYLOMETER. — cys-to-rcc'tal, 
relating or pertaining to the bladder and the rec¬ 
tum, as C. anastomosis. — cys‘to-rec-tos'to-my, 
the formation of an anastomosis or artificial pas¬ 
sage between the bladder and the rectum. — cys- 



Cystin (artificially pre¬ 
cipitated). 








CYTAMCEBA 


252 


CZERNY’S OPERATION 


tor-rha'gi a, hemorrhage of the bladder.— cys-tor'- 
rha-phy, suture of the bladder.— cys-tor-rhex'is, 
a rupture or bursting of the bladder.— cys-tor- 
rhoe'a = cystirrhce a. — cys*to-sar-co'ma, a tumor 
containing both sarcomatous and cystomatous 
elements; a sarcoma containing cysts.— cys-tos'- 
chi-sis, congenital fissure of the urinary bladder. 

— cys'to-scope, an endoscope adapted for use in 
viewing the interior of the bladder. (See illustra¬ 
tion on page 251.) fcys-tos'co-py. — cys'tose, 
having cysts; full of cysts. — cys'to-spasm, 
spasmodic contraction of the bladder, Stran¬ 
gury. fcys-to-spas'tic. — cys-to-sper-mi'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the seminal vesicles.— cys-tos'to- 
my, the formation of an opening or a fistula 
into the bladder. — cys-to-tae'ni a, a tapeworm. 

— cys'to-tome. i. A cutting instrument for ope¬ 
rations on the bladder. 2. = Cystitome. fcys- 
tot'o-my. — cys*to-tra-che-lot'o-my, incision into 
the neck of the bladder. — cys'tosu-re-te-ri'tis, 
inflammation of the bladder and the ureters. 

— cys’tosu-re'te-ro-pye-lo-ne-phri'tis, combined 
inflammation of the bladder, ureters, and renal 
pelvis. — cys’to=u-re-thri'tis, combined inflamma¬ 
tion of the bladder and urethra. 

cy-a-moe'ba. = Plasmodium malari^e. 
cy'tase. Metchnikofi’s name for the complement 
of Ehrlich, Macrocytase. 
cy-tas'ter. The star formed in karyokinesis. is- 
Aster. [< KVTog cell + aarr/p star.] 
cyte. A cell; particularly, a nucleated cell. The 
word is used mostly in composition, as in leuco¬ 
cyte, myocyte, etc. [<, KVTog cavity.] 
cy-thae-mol'y-sis. Dissolution of bloodscorpuscles. 
cyth-e-re'an shield. = Condom. 
cyth'e-ro-ma'ni a. Nymphomania, 
cy'tin. The residue of tissuescells after complete 
extraction with water, salt solution, and alcohol, 
cyt'i-o-plasm. = Cytoplasm. 

cyt'i-sine. An alkaloid, CuH^^ONo, in the seeds of 
Cyt'isus labur'num and other plants: a poison re¬ 
sembling emetine in action. It is used hypoder¬ 
mically in cardiac disease, and as a diuretic in 
dropsy. Dose, 0.005 Gm. gr.). 
cy-ti'tis. = Dermatitis. 

cy'to-. Denoting a cell or cavity: a combining 
form. [< KVTog cell, cavity.] cy'to-blast, the 
nucleus of cellular or elementary corpuscles in 
all vegetable and animal tissues; the cell* 
nucleus.— cyto-blas-te'ma, the fluid or mother* 
liquid in which cells were formerly supposed to 
originate. — cy-to-chem'ism, the reaction of a 
living cell with chemicals, antitoxins, etc. — 
cy'to-chrome cell, one in which the celbbody is 
very small in proportion to its nucleus.— cyto- 
chy-le'ma, the celbjuice; the more fluid part of 
celbprotoplasm, filling the meshes formed by the 
cytohyaloplasm. — cy-toc'la-sis, destruction of 
cells.— cy-to-coc'cus, the nucleus of a cytula.— 
cy'tode, any cell or celbelement, but especially 
one which has no nucleus.— cy-to-den'drite, any 
dendrite not an axodendrite.— cy'to-derm, a cell* 
wall.— cyto-di-aer'e-sis, division or segmentation 
of a cell.— cyto-di-ag-no'sis, a determination of 
the character of a morbid fluid from its cells 
(Widal and Ravaut).— cy-to-dis'tal, away or dis¬ 
tant from the cell of origin.— cy-to-gen'e-sis, cy- 
tog'e-ny, the generation of cavities or cells; cell* 
development, fcy'to-ge-net'ic, cy-to-gen'ic, cy- 
tog'e-nous, producing cells; developing cells.— 
cy-to-glo'bin, a substance resembling nuclein 
found in the white blood*corpuscles. It is be¬ 


lieved to prevent coagulation.— cy-tog'ra-phy, a 
treatise on cells.— cy-to-hy'a-lo-plasm, the more 
solid portion of protoplasm forming a supporting 
reticulum; the spongioplasm.— cy'toid, cell*like, 
as C. corpuscles or globules, leucocytes.— cyto- 
ki-ne'sis, movement of cells or plasma, as in 
karyokinesis.— cy-tol'o-gy, the science of cells, 
t cy-to-log'ic. — cy'to-lymph = cytochylema. — 
cy-tol'y-sin, an antibody plus complement hav¬ 
ing the property of dissolving cells, fcy-tol'y-sis, 
cell*dissolution, cy-to-lyt'ic, as C. component = 
AMBOCEPTOR. — cy-to'ma, a cellular tumor, as a 
sarcoma. — cy-tom'e-ter, an apparatus for measur¬ 
ing or counting cells. — cy-to-mi'cro-some, a 
microsome of chromatin found in the cytohyalo¬ 
plasm of cells. — cy-tom'i-tome, cyto-mi-to'ma, 
one of the fibrils of a cell*body; a fibril of 
spongioplasm. — c yto-mor-pho^sis^ the c hanges 
i n_a cell during its lifetime.. — cy-top'a-tEy, cell* 
disease. — cy-toph'a-gy, the absorption of cells 
by other cells, fcy-toph'a-gous. — cy-to-phos'- 
pha-tide = gangliocytin. — cy-to-phys'ics, the 
physics of cell*activity. — cy'to-plasm, proto¬ 
plasm, particularly that of the body of the cell 
as distinguished from that of the nucleus. 
to-plas'mic. — cy-to-plas'tin, a viscous substance 
found in cell*protoplasm. — cy-to-prox'i-mal, 
nearest to the cell of origin.— cyto-re-tic'u-lum 
= CYTOMiTOME. — Cytorrhyc'tes, a genus of para¬ 
sitic protozoan organisms, resembling Amceba, 
considered by some as only products of cell*degen- 
eration. C. lu'is, a species found in certain cases 
of syphilis. C. scarlati'nce, a species reported by 
Mallory to have been found in scarlet fever. 
C. vari'olcB, a species produced in variola and 
supposed to be its causative agent; Guar- 
nieri’s vaccine*bodies.— cy-to-se'rum. {^J.A. 
M. A. ij. '08.]— cy'to-sin, a derivative of thymin. 
— cy'to-some, the body of a cell as distinguished 
from the nucleus.^ cy-tos'ta-sis, the blocking 
of the capillaries by the white blood*corpuscles: 
it occurs in the early stages of inflammation.— 
cy-to-tax'is, the selective and arranging function 
of cells, fcy-to-tac'tic. — cy-toth'e-sis, the repair 
of cells.— cy-to-tox'in, a toxin formed in an ani¬ 
mal, acting specifically upon cells of the special or¬ 
gans and named accordingly, nephrotoxin, sper- 
MATOToxiN, etc. fcy-to-tox'ic, as C. serum, a se¬ 
rum especially destructive to cytotoxins.— cy-to- 
zo'on, a protoplasmic parasitic organism inhabit¬ 
ing a living cell.— cy'to-zyme = thrombokinase, 
cyt-ta-ri'tis. Cellulitis. [</cyrrapop cell-f -itis.] 
cyt'u-la. The fertilized germ*cell. 
cyt‘u-lo-coc'cus. =Cytococcus. 
cyt'u-lo-plasm. The substance resulting from the 
union of the spermoplasm with the ovoplasm; 
the protoplasm of a cytula. 

Czer'mak’s spaces. = Interglobular spaces. 
CzernysLembert’s suture (tser'ni-loh-ber). Lembert 
sutures applied after the application of Czerny’s 
intestinal sutures in circular enterorrhaphy. 
Czerny’s operation (ts^r'niz). An operation for the 
radical cure of inguinal hernia performed by 
exposing and isolating the sac, tying the neck 
with catgut, and cutting it off below this point. 
The stump is inserted into the abdominal cavity 
and the wound closed with catgut sutures. C.’s 
suture. I. An intestinal suture in which the 
thread passes through the mucous membrane 
alone. 2. A suture for uniting a ruptured 
tendon, made by splitting one of the ends and 
inserting the other end in the split by sutures. 






A 


253 


DAMMAR 



A, 6 . Symbols for the lowering of the freezing point 
of a solution by solutes, that of human blood 
being normally about — 0.56° C. (d) and of urine 
of a sp. gr. of 1015, — 1.125° C. 

D. Abbr. for da, de'tur, den'tur, give, let there be 
given; density; dex'ier, right; didymium; died; 
diopter; do'sis, dose; and duration. 

D.D.S. Abbr. for Doctor of Dental Surgery. 

D.P.H. Abbr. for Doctor of Public Health. 

Da Cos'ta’s disease. = Retrocedent gout. 

dac'ry-, dac'ryo-. Pertaining to tears or the 
lachrymal apparatus; lachrymo-: a combining 
form. [ < SaKpvov tear.] dac*ry-ad-e-nal'gi a, pain 
in the lachrymal gland.— dac*ry-ad-e-ni'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the lachrymal gland.— dac-ry-ad*e- 
no-scir'rhus, scirrhus of the lachrymal gland.— 
dac-ry-ag'o-ga-tre'si a, imperforation or obstruc¬ 
tion of the lachrymal duct.— dac'ry-a-gogue. 
Causing or carrying tears; causing lachrymation. 
— dacTy-al-loe-o'sis, any perversion or abnor¬ 
mality of the tears.— dacTy-cys-tal'gi a, pain in 
the lachrymal sac.— dac-ry-el-co''sis, ulceration 
of the lachrymal apparatus.— dac’ry-o-ad-e-ni'- 
tis = DACRYADENiTis. — dacTy-o-blen-nor-rhoe'a, 
a mucous flow from the tear-ducts.— dac'ry-o- 
cele, hernia of the lachrymal sac.— dac'ry-o-cyst 
= SACcus LACRiMALis*. — dacTy-o-cys-tal'gi a = 
DACRYCYSTALGiA. — dacTy-o-cys-ta-to'ni a, atony 
of the lachrymal sac.— dac’ry-o-cys-ti'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of the lachrymal sac, especially an acute, 
purulent ulceration. — Chronic d.= dacryocysto- 
BLENNORRHCEA. — dacTy-o-cys'ti-tome, an instru¬ 
ment for cutting the lachrymal sac.— dacTy-o- 
cys’to-blen-nor-rhce'a, blennorrhoea of the lachry¬ 
mal sac; chronic catarrhal inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the lachrymal sac, due to 
stricture of the nasal duct, resulting in decompo¬ 
sition of the tears; chronic dacryocystitis.— dac*- 
ry-o-cys'to-cele, hernia of the lachrymal sac.— 
dacTy-o-cys-top-to'sis, relaxation or prolapse of 
the lachrymal sac.— dacTy-o-ge-lo'sis. i. A form 
of insanity in which the patient weeps and laughs 
at the same time. 2. An alternation of weep¬ 
ing with hysterical laughter.— dacTy-o-haem-or- 
rhoe'a, sanguineous lachrymation.— dac'ry-o-lin, 
the albuminous matter found in tears.— dac'ry- 
o-lite, dac'ry-o-lith, a calculus of the lachrymal 
gland, sac, or canaliculi, or of the nasal duct; 
lachrymal calculus; tear-stone, f dac'ry-o-li-thi'- 
a-sis, the formation of dacryoliths.— dac-ry-o'ma. 
I. An obstruction in one or both of the puncta 
lacrimalia, causing an overflow of tears. 2. A 
lachrymal tumor.— dac'ry-on, the point where the 
lachrymal bone meets the frontal and superior 
maxillary bones; lachrymal point.— dac-ry-on'- 
o-me, a corroding ulcer of the lachrymal organs. 


— dac'ry-ops. i. Distention of a tear-duct by a 
contained fluid. 2. A watery state of the eye.— 
dac*ry-o-py-or-rhoe'a, a discharge of pus mingled 
with tears.— dac’ry-o-py-o'sis, suppuration of the 
lachrymal organs.— dac'ry-or-rhce'a = epiphora. 

— dac-ry-o-so'len, the nasal duct, or one of the 
CANALICULI LACHRYMALES. fdacTy-o-so-Ie-ni'tis. 


— dacTy-o-ste-no'sis, stricture of the nasal duct. 

— dac-ry-o-syr'inx. i. A lachrymal fistula. 2 
A lachrymal syringe. 


dac'tyl. I. A finger or toe; a digit. 2. =Date. 
dac'tyl-, dac'ty-lo-. Pertaining to the fingers or the 
digits: a combining form. [< dd/crp/lof finger.] 
dac-ty-la'gra, an attack of rheumatism in the fin¬ 
gers.— dac-tyl'ion, dac-tyl'ium, webbed fingers.— 
dac-ty-li'tis, inflammation (often syphilitic) of a 
finger or toe, as D. syphilit'ica, a rare tertiary affec¬ 
tion. Onychia; panaricium; spina ventosa. 
— dac*ty-lo-camp-so-dyn'ia, a painful bending of 
the fingers.— dac-ty-lo-gry-po'sis, a bent and per¬ 
manently cramped state of the fingers.— dac-ty- 
lol'o-gy, communication by signs made with the 
fingers; deaf-and-dumb language.— dac-ty-lol'y-sis 
=:AiNHUM.— dac-ty-lo-my-lei'sis, the use of the 
finger-nail as a curette.— dac'ty-lo-spasm, digital 
spasm.— dac'ty-lo-sym'phy-sis = syndactylism. 
dae'mo-no-ma'ni a, dae‘mo-no-mel-an-cho'li a. Mon¬ 
omania of being possessed of devils. ^ Obsession. 
daf'fo-dil. m- Narcissus. 

Daf'fy’s elixir. Compound tincture of senna, 
daft. Silly; weak-minded; insane, 
dag'gett. = Degote. 
dah'lin. Inulin from the dahlia, 
dai'sy. ^ Bellis perennis. 

dajaksh (dai'acsh). A heart-paralyzing arrow-poison 
of Borneo, 
dak'ry-. = Dacry-. 
dal fil. = Elephantiasis. [Arab.] 

Dalber'gia. A genus of leguminous trees and shrubs 
of tropical Asia: many species are medicinal. 
Dal'by’s carminative. =Mistura carminativa. 
Dal'las’s operation. A radical operation for inguinal 
and femoral hernia, the hernial canal being scari¬ 
fied to induce inflammation and obliteration. 
Dal-ma'tian powder. ^ Insect powder. 
Dal'rym-ple’s sign. Abnormal widening of the pal¬ 
pebral angle in exophthalmic goitre, 
dal'ton-ism. Inability to distinguish colors, espe¬ 
cially red (anerythropsia) ; color-blindness; 
achromatopsia. [< John Dalton, an English 
chemist afflicted with color-blindness, 1766-1844.] 
Dal'ton’s law. i. The law that the tension of a gas 
confined in a space is the same whether this 
space contains another gas or not, and that the 
tension of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum 
of the tensions of all the gases. 2. The law of 
reciprocal proportions. 3. The law of multiple 
proportions. Law. 4. Charles’s law, im¬ 
properly attributed to Dalton. D.’s theory, the 
atomic theory of compounds, 
dam. A piece of sheet india-rubber used to keep 
saliva from a tooth during a dental operation, to 
surround a drainage-tube after laparotomy, or to 
cover the site of a cutaneous operation, 
da-mal'ic acid. An acid, C.jHgO, said to occur in 
cow’s urine along with dam-a-lu'ric acid, C^HijOj. 
dam'ar. = Dammar. \ 

dam'bose. = Inosite. 

dam-i-an'a. The leaves of certain Central American 
shrubs, usually of Tur'nera microphyl'la: sup¬ 
posed to be a powerful aphrodisiac, 
dam'mar, dam'mar resin (dam'ar). A fine, trans¬ 
parent resin like copal, obtained from Dam'mara 
orienta'lis, D. austra'lis, and species of Sho'rea: an 
ingredient in plasters. D. varnish, a solution of 
dammar used as a microscopic mounting medium. 


DAMMARA 


254 


DATUMePLANE 


Dam'mara. A genus of large coniferous trees, com¬ 
prising several species. D. austra'lis (kauri pine), 
of New Zealand, and D. orienta'lis, yield dammar. 
Da-moi-seau’s curve. = Ellis’s line. 
damp. Any noxious gas found in mines, Choke- 
damp; FIREsDAMP. 

da^nain. A glucoside from the root of Da'nais 
fra'grans: tonic and antiperiodic. 

Da'na’s operation. The intradural section of the 
posterior spinal nerve^roots; used to relieve pain, 
athetosis, spastic paralysis, etc. [1 M.R. j. ’ii.] 
dance, St. Vitus’s. = Chorea. 

Dan-cel’s method. Treatment of obesity by avoid¬ 
ing fluids and fatty and starchy foods, with the 
use of purgatives and abundant exercise, 
dan'cers’ cramp or palsy. Cramp of the muscles of 
the calf in professional ballet-dancers. 

Dance’s sign. Depression in the right iliac region 
in cases of intussusception, due to displacement 
of the invaginated bowel. 

dan'cing disease. = Tarantismus. D. mania, an 
epidemic disease of Europe in the Middle Ages, 
marked by dancing; epidemic chorea; choromania. 
D. spasm = SALTATORY spasm. 
dan'de-li-on. = Taraxacum*. 
dan’druff, dan'driff. Epithelial scales desquamated 
from the scalp, especially in alopecia furfuracea. 
dan'dy. A litter to convey travellers, used in armies 
as a stretcher. D. fever = dengue. [Hind.] 
Dan'iell cell. A constant, i.i volt, galvanic cell 
containing a negative copper element in copper 
sulphate solution and a positive zinc element in 
sulphuric acid, separated by a porous diaphragm. 
Dan'ube fever. A remittent fever endemic along 
the Danube River. 

Dan'ysz’s bacillus. = Bacillus of Danysz. D.’s ef¬ 
fect, the lesser amount of neutralization of toxin 
when the corresponding antibody is added at in¬ 
tervals in divided doses, as compared with the 
amount of neutralization occurring when it is 
all added at once. D.’s method, destruction of 
rats by Danysz’s bacillus. 

Daph'ne. A genus of thymelaceous shrubs and 
trees. The bark of D. gnid'ium is used in France 
as a vesicatory, under the name of daphne garou. 
D. meze'reum affords mezereum*: its berries are 
a drastic purgative. [Gr.] fdaph'ne-tin, a crys¬ 
talline substance, CgHgO^ ■4-H2O, derived from 
daph'nin, an acrid volatile glucoside, Ci^HjgOg -f 
2H3O, from the bark 
of Daph'ne alpi'na 
and other species, and 
giving them their ves¬ 
icating power. daph'- 
nin-ism, poisoning 
with Daph'ne: mark¬ 
ed by hemorrhagic 
gastro-enteritis and 
cerebral symptoms. 

Dar'by’s fluid. A dis¬ 
infectant similar to 
Condy’s fluid. 
d’Arcet’s metal (dar- 
s^z). An alloy of bis¬ 
muth, 8 ; tin, 3 ; and 
lead, 5 parts: used in 
dentistry. 

Dare’s haemoglobinom- 

eter. An instrument for colorimetric estimat¬ 
ing of hiemoglobin. 

Darier’s disease (dar-yez). A skin disease marked 
by the formation of papules containing brown, 



TER.— A. Telescope. B. Pi¬ 
pette in place. C. Case 
inclosing color prism. D 
Milled head moving prism 
E. Candle. P. Window ad¬ 
mitting light to color prism 



Dark;-FIELD Illuminator, a drop of 
cedar oil being applied over the central 
dark spot before the slide is examined. 


scab-like crusts, which can be squeezed out; ker¬ 
atosis follicularis; ichthyosis sebacea cornea; fol¬ 
licular psorospermosis. 

darksfield (or dark=ground) illuminator (or con¬ 
denser). A microscope attachment for the ex¬ 
amination of unstained bacteria, especially valu¬ 
able in determin¬ 
ing the presence of 
Treponema pallid¬ 
um in the ear¬ 
ly diagnosis of 
syphilis: 
the rays of 
light are 
brought to 
a point by 
means of 
a parabol- 
i c lens 
and r e- 

flector, so that the bacteria appear intensely illu¬ 
minated by reflected light, in sharp relief against 
a dark field or ground, like dust in a sunbeam 
which enters a darkened room through a crack, 
tdarksfield (or darksground) illumination. 
Dark'sche-vitsch’s nucleus. A nucleus of gray mat¬ 
ter situated above the oculomotor nucleus, 
dar'nel. is- Lolium temulentum. 
d’ar-son-val-i-za'tion. = Arsonvalization. 
dart. A surgical pencil or rod, as of a caustic, 
dar'tos. The subcutaneous tunic of the scrotum, 
containing much involuntary muscle which 
corrugates the skin. [< daprSg, fr. Sipag skin.] 
fdar-to'ic, dar'toid, having the slow, involuntary 
contractility of the dartos, as D. tissue. 
dar-tre. A French term for herpes : also used loosely 
for many other skin diseases, fdar'trous, relating 
to or of the nature of 
herpes and similar skin 
diseases, as D. diathesis. 

Dar'win’s (dar-win'i an) 
ear, tip, or tubercle. 

Congenital defect of 
the helix sometimes 
seen on the concave 
edge of the helix of the 
ear, and said to be the 
vestige of the point of 
the ear in man’s sup¬ 
posed simioid progeni¬ 
tors. D.’s theory = 
natural selection. 

[ < Charles Robert Dar¬ 
win, English naturalist, 

1809-1882.] fdar'win- 
ism, dar-win'i-an-ism 

= NATURAL selection. 

das-e-ther'a-py. Treatment of the sick by having 
them live in balsamic woods, 
das-jes'pis. The inspissated urine of the South Af¬ 
rican badger. 

das'y-ma. Roughness on the internal surface of the 
eyelid. i^Trachoma. [<dacr{)f rough, shaggy.] 
da-sym'e-ter. An instrument for testing the den¬ 
sity of gases. [<daavg thick-b/zerpov measure.] 
date. The fruit of the date-palm, Phce'nix dactylif'^ 
era, containing about 50% of sugar. The unripe 
date is astringent, cs-A rrack. 

Datis'ca canna'bina. An herb yielding a glucoside, 
da-tis'cin: valued in fevers and scrofula, 
da'tumsplane. A given horizontal plane from which 
cranial measurements are made. 



Human Ear showing the 
projecting point at a. 
(Darwin.) 
























DATURA 


255 


DEBRIDEMENT 


Datu'ra. A genus of solanaceous plants. Most of 
the species are medicinally similar to D. stramo'- 
nium, the thorn-apple; Jamestown weed. 
Stramonium*, fda- 
tu'ra-line, da-tu'ro- 
line, two poisonous 
volatile alkaloids, 

CgHjN and CgH^N 
respectively, isolated 
from the exhalations 
oi Datu'ra. da-tu'rine 

= HYOSCYAMINE. da- 

tu'rism, stramonium- 
poisoning: similar to 

ATROPISM. 

Daubenton’s angle (d6- 
boh-tdhz). = Occipi¬ 
tal ANGLE, def.3. D.’s 
line, a line from the 
opisthion to the nasion. D.’s plane, a plane 
through the opisthion and the lower edges of the 
orbits. [French physician, 1716-1797.] 

Dau'cus. A genus of umbelliferous plants. D. 
caro'ta, the common garden carrot. 

daugh'ter cell. i. A cell formed by the division or 
segmentation of the protoplasm of a mother cell, 
as the D. cell of the testes. 2. A cell developed 
in the interior of another cell, as in a dermoid 
cyst. D. cyst, ^parent cyst. D. nucleus, i. 
The new nucleus formed in karyokinesis by the 
diaster. 2. A nucleolus within a nucleus. D. 
spore, a spore produced in a mother cell. D. star 
= DiASTER. D. wreath, the daughter star when 
viewed from its surface. ^Spirem. 

Davai'nea asiat'ica. The Asiatic tapeworm, found 
only in Asiatic Russia; Tce'nia asiat'ica: habitat 
in intestine of man. D. madagascarien'sis = 
T.ENIA MADAGASCARIENSIS. 

Da-vaine’s bodies. Anthrax bacilli. 

Davat’s operation (dd-vaz). An operation for vari¬ 
cocele: the veins are compressed by acufilopres- 
sure. 

Da'vid-sohn’s reflex. Reflection of light through 
the pupil when an electric illuminator is held in 
the mouth. 

Da'vid-son’s syringe. A valved syringe operated by 
the alternate compression and expansion of a 
rubber bulb. 

Daviel’s operation (da-vi-elz). An operation for 
removal of cataract through a corneal incision 
without cutting the iris. D.’s spoon, a spoon¬ 
like instrument for extracting the crystalline lens. 

davier (da-vi-e). A dentist’s key, claw, or lever. [F.] 

Da'viessColTey’s operation. An operation for the 
relief of talipes by resecting a wedge of bone from 
the tarsus without regard to the articulation. 

Da'vis’s sign. Empty pulseless arteries of a pale 
yellowish tint: a sign of death. 

Dav'y’s method. A method of arresting hemorrhage 
in amputation of the hip-joint by pressing on the 
aorta with a wooden lever (D.’s lever) inserted 
into the rectum. 

day'sblind-ness. 135- Hemeralopia; nyctalopia. 
D.smare, a species of incubus occurring during 
wakefulness, and attended with the distressing 
pressure on the chest which’ characterizes night¬ 
mare: apparently a sort of catalepsy. D.s 
nursery = CRkcHE. D.ssight or svision, is- hem¬ 
eralopia; NYCTALOPIA. 

Day’s test. = Alm^n’s test, def. i. 

de lunat'ico inquiren'do. “ For the examination 
of a lunatic”: used to qualify the term commis¬ 


sion, board, jury, or inquisition when appointed by 
a court to investigate the mental condition of a 
person. [L.] 

De. R. Abbr. for reaction of degeneration. 
de-a-cid*i-fi-ca'tion. The act of destroying acidity, 
dead. Without life. D.sbom = stillborn. D. 
fingers, a condition present in Raynaud’s disease. 
D. oil, a black coal-tar product containing phenol, 
naphthalin, and aniline, 
dead'ly nightshade. =Atropa belladonna. 
deaf. Unable to hear; surdus. D.5dumbness = 
deaf-mutism. D. fields = D. spots. D.smute. 
I. A person affected with deaf-mutism. 2. A 
subject for dissection; a cadaver. D.=mutism, 
the condition of being both deaf and dumb; 
especially, dumbness arising from congenital or 
early deafness. D. points, D. spots, certain points 
near the ear from which vibrations of a tuning-fork 
cannot be heard, tdeaf'ness, the state of being 
deaf. ^ParacusiS. For varieties of deafness 
see the qualifying terms. ^ Schwabach’s test. 
de-am'i-di-zing ferment. A ferment which acts by 
removing the amido-radical (NH^) groups from 
a molecule, ts- Guanase. t^^c-am-i-da'tion. 
death. Extinction of life; cessation of the vital 
processes: generally due to deficient blood-supply 
to the central nervous system, owing to failure 
of either cardiac or respiratory activity. Cessa¬ 
tion of the action of either the heart or the lungs 
is considered as death if the activity cannot be 
restored by treatment. Death may be considered 
as a fundamental attribute of all living matter 
(except the germ-plasm), and is perhaps a char¬ 
acteristic of any organism (differentiated from 
simple protoplasm and capable of reproduction) 
advantageous to its species. It is supposed that 
the carbon and the nitrogen of the living proteid 
molecule are in the form of the more unstable cy¬ 
anogen radicals, while in dead proteid they are 
in amide groups. (Pfliiger.) Another theory 
is that the aldehyde group 0 =C—H is character¬ 
istic of living proteid, as the slowly dying proto¬ 
plasm of some moulds is found to give certain 
reducing reactions only during life. (Loew and 
Bokorny.) Another theory is that the living 
proteid molecule consists of cyanalcohols or cy- 
anhydrins (R—CH(CN)OH) united to a benzene 
nucleus, these alcohols being extremely unstable 
and susceptible to intramolecular change. (La¬ 
tham.) Local, molar, molecular d., molecular 
death; necrobiosis; necrosis. D.smask, a 
plaster-of-paris impression of the face made 
after death. D.srate, in a given number of per¬ 
sons, the ratio of the number of those dying 
in a given time, usually one year, to the total 
number; mortality. D.srattle, the coarse mucous 
rales often heard in the throat just before 
death. D.strance, catalepsy so profound as to 
simulate death. 

de-bil'i-ty. Weakness or feebleness; impairment of 
strength, either of mind or of body. [< L. debil'- 
itas, fr. deb'ilis weak. ] Jde-bil'i-tant. i. Induc¬ 
ing debility; tending to diminish energy, a. A 
remedy to allay excitement. 

D^bove’s membrane (de-bovz). The intestinal base¬ 
ment MEMBRANE. D.’s method, treatment of tu¬ 
berculosis by introducing large quantities of albu¬ 
minoids into the stomach by a tube, 
debridement (de-brid-moh). Division of constrict¬ 
ing bands or tissues by incision. D. of the uterus, 
incision of a constricted cervix to facilitate 
delivery. [F.] 



Datura stramonium. 


DEBRUNNER’S TEST 


256 


DECOLLATION 


De-brun'ner’s test. A test for water in absolute 
alcohol. If water be present the solution will be 
colored purple by potassium permanganate, 
which is insoluble in absolute alcohol, 
dec'a-gramme, dec'a-gram. Ten grammes. 
de-cal‘ci-fi-ca'tion. The removal of calcareous mat¬ 
ter from bones, teeth, or tissues, fde-cal'ci-fy. 
dec'a-li-tre, dec'a-li-ter. Ten litres, 
de-cal'vant. Removing or tending to remove hairs, 
as a depilatory; causing baldness, 
dec'a-me-tre, dec'a-me-ter. Ten metres, 
dec'ane. The aliphatic hydrocarbon containing ten 
carbon atoms, C10H22: a constituent of paraffin, 
de-can-ta'tion. The pouring off of a supernatant 
fluid from the precipitate, 
dec-a-pep'tide. A polypeptide whose molecule con¬ 
tains ten amino *acid groups, 
de-cap-i-ta'tion. i. The removal of the head of the 
foetus in embryotomy. 2. The removal of the 
head of a bone in surgery; decollation, fde-cap'- 
i-ta-tor, an instrument for decapitation, 
de-cap-su-la'tion. Removal of the capsule of the 
kidney to relieve tension; Edebohls’s operation, 
de -car’bo-ni-za'tion. The removal of carbon; es¬ 
pecially, the purification of the blood from car¬ 
bon dioxide by the lungs. 

de-cay', i. The process of decomposition of dead 
organic matter. 2. Decline from normal perfec¬ 
tion of structure or function; physical or mental 
decline, as from old age. 

de-cen-tra'tion. The act of removing from a centre, 
de-cen'tred lens. A lens so mounted before the 
eye that the visual line does not pass through the 
optical centre. D. spectacles, spectacles formed 
from the eccentric portions of two lenses, 
de-cer'e-brate rigidity. A condition characterized 
by rigid extension of the limbs at the elbows and 
knees, produced without interfering with the res¬ 
piration or pulsesrate, by transecting the central 
nervous system just in front of the mesencephalon. 
Stimulating a limb causes curiously coordinated 
movements of all four limbs in mammals, one 
diagonal pair being moved backward while the 
other is moved forward, somewhat in the manner 
of ordinary quadrupedal walking, 
de-cer-e-bra'tion. The removal of the brain or 
cerebrum, as in craniotomy, 
de-cer'e-brize. To remove the brain in vivisection, 
de-chlo'ri-da'tion, de-chlo*ri-na'tion, de-chlo*ri-za'- 
tion. The treatment of a tendency to oedema by 
means of a diet poor in chlorides; Widal’s cure, 
de-cid'u a. The hyperplastic mucous membrane of 
the corpus uteri which is thrown off at labor. 
D. basa'lis = D. serotina. D. capsula'ris = D. 
REFLEXA. D. membra'na = D. reflex a. D. 

menstrua'lis, the hypertrophied uterine mucosa 
of the menstrual period. ^ Dysmenorrhcea, 
MEMBRANOUS. D. reflex'a, the portion of the 
decidua which covers the embryo during early 
pregnancy: formerly supposed to be pushed for¬ 
ward by the ovum when emerging from the 
fallopian tube, after which the “late decidua,” 
D. serot'ina, the layer between the ovum and 
the uterine wall, was thought to form behind it. 
D. ve'ra, the decidua lining the uterine cavity 
except at the site of the embryo, fde-cid'ual, 
relating to the decidua, as D. cells, large, sar- 
comadike cells from the connective tissue of the 
uterine mucosa, forming the bulk of the decidua: 
D. endometritis, endometritis: D. sarcoma^ 
DECiDUOMA malignum; and D. umbilicus, a small 
cicatricial depression on the ovum when first tak¬ 


ing its position, said to correspond to the point of 
closure of the decidua reflexa. 
de-cid-u-o'ma. A tumor consisting of decidual 
tissue, as one of the transitory experimental 
tumors produced from the uterine mucosa under 
the influence of an ovarian secretion by the local 
stimulus of incisions. [If L. Loeb, J.A.M.A. 
j, ’08.] D. malig'num, a very malignant, infiltrat¬ 
ing, metastasizing tumor following the expulsion 
of the foetus or of a hydatidiform mole: it arises 
from the chorion and so is not strictly a deciduo- 
ma; choriosepithelioma; decidual sarcoma; sar¬ 
coma deciduocellulare; syncytioma. 
de-cid*u-o-sar-co'ma. =Deciduoma malignum. 
de-cid'u-ous. Falling off; not permanent. D. mem¬ 
brane = decidua. D. skin = KERATOLYSIS. D. 
teeth, GS" TOOTH. 

dec'i-gramme, dec'i-gram. The tenth part of a 
gramme: equal to r.54 grains, 
dec'i-li-tre, dec'i-li-ter. The tenth part of a litre: 

equal to 6.1028 cubic inches, 
dec'i-mal system. = Metric system. 
dec'i-me-tre, dec'i-me-ter. The tenth part of a me¬ 
tre: equal to 3.937 inches, 
dec-i-nor'mal salt solution. A physiological salt 
SOLUTION, which is approximately decinormal. 
D. solution, a solution one=tenth as strong as a 
NORMAL solution: expressed N/io or n/io. 
dec-li-na'tion. The angle made by a freely sus¬ 
pended magnetic needle with the horizon; the dip 
of a magnetic needle. 

dec'li-na-tor. A device for holding aside an exposed 
part during an operation, as the dura mater 
when trephining the skull, 
de-cline'. i. That period of a disease or paroxysm 
in which the symptoms begin to abate. 2. A pop¬ 
ular term for a wasting disease, especially phthisis, 
de-clive'. i. Sloping downward: said of the de¬ 
pendent portion of a tumor. 2. = DeCLIVIS CERE- 
BELLi. [< F. declive, fr. L. decli'vis sloping.] 
decli'vis cerebel'li. The sloping posterior surface of 
the superior vermis of the cerebellum. [L.] 
de-coc'ta*. Preparations made by boiling crude 
vegetable drugs in water: they are 5% as strong 
as the original drugs unless otherwise specified. 
[PI. of DECOCTUM.] 

de-coc'tion. i. A continued ebullition with water, 
to separate substances soluble only at boiling 
temperature. 2. A medicine made by boiling 
some vegetable drug in a watery fluid: 5% strength 
unless specially directed otherwise, 
de-coc'tum, pi. decoc'ta*. = Decoction, def. 2. 
D. al'oes compos'itum (B. P.), a 1% decoction 
of extract of aloes, with myrrh, saffron, po¬ 
tassium carbonate, extract of licorice, and com¬ 
pound tincture of cardamom. Dose, 30 Cc. (i 
fl. oz.). D. cetra'riae, the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for a 5% decoction of cetraria*. A pint may 
be taken during the day. D. grana'ti cor'- 
ticis (B. P.), a 20% decoction of pomegranate 
bark. D. haematox'yli (B. P.), a 5% decoction of 
logwood, with cinnamon. D. sarsaparil'las com¬ 
pos'itum, compound decoction of sarsaparilla, the 
1890 U. S. P. name for a 10% decoction of sarsa¬ 
parilla, with guaiacum^wood, sassafras, glycyr- 
rhiza, and mezereum; decoction of the woods: a 
gentle diaphoretic and alterative in secondary 
syphilis, chronic rheumatism, etc. Dose, 1 20 Cc. 
(4 fl. ozs.). 

dec'o-ic acid. =Capric acid. 
de-col-la'tion. = Decantation, def. i. tde-col- 
la'tor = DECAPITATOR. 


DECOLORATION 


257 


DEFLECT 


de-col-o-ra'tion. Removal of color from a substance, 
de-col'or-ize. To remove color, fde-col'or-ized, de¬ 
prived of color ; bleached, as D. sponge — 

Gi.\ DECOLORAT.\: and D. tincture of iodine = 
TINCTURA lODI DECOLORATA. 

de-com-pen-sa'tion. Failure of compensation, 
de-com-po-si'tion. i. The separation of compound 
bodies into their constituent parts or principles; 
analysis; chemical decomposition. D. formula, 
CHEMICAL FORMUL.\. 2. Any Ordinary proccss 
of decay, especially putrefaction, 
de-com-pres'sion. i. Removal of pressure, especially 
of air. D. injury, injury due to sudden removal of 
atmospheric pressure, as in caisson disease. 2. Any 
cranial operation, as trephining, resulting in, or 
for the purpose of, relieving intracranial pressure, 
de-con-ges'tive. Relieving congestion, 
de-cor-ti-ca'tion. i. The removal of bark, husk, or 
shell from plants, fruits, etc. 2. = Enucleation. 
dec're-ment. i. Decrease ; the proportion in which 
anything is lessened. 2. The decline of a disease; 
the stage of decrease. [< L. deeremen'turn.] 
de-crep'it. Broken down with age. 
de-crep-i-ta'tion. The crackling noise produced by 
certain bodies, as common salt, when heated or 
thrown on the fire, fde-crep'i-tate. 
de-crep'i-tude. The feebleness and imbecility of old 
age; the last stage of old age and of life, 
de-cu'bi-tus. i. A lying down or reclining horizon¬ 
tally. 2. Position assumed in bed, as dorsal d. or 
lateral d. 3. =Bed=sore. D. acu'tus, a rapidly 
spreading and fatal form of 
bedssore occurring on the para¬ 
lyzed side in hemiplegia. D. 
paralysis, paral¬ 
ysis due to pres- 
sure on a nerve 
from lying too 
long in one po¬ 
sition. tde-cu'- 
bi-tal. 

de-cur'rent. Run¬ 
ning down; ex¬ 
tending from 
above down¬ 
ward, as nerves, 
vessels, pains, 
etc.; of leaves, 
extending down 
along the stem. 

de-cur'tate. Abridged. D. pulse = pulsus mvurus. 
de-cus'sate. i. To cross each other. 2. Crossing 
each other; of leaves or branches, growing in 
pairs, each pair at right angles to the next above 
and below. [ < L. decussa're to cross.] 
decussa'tio. = Decussation. D. lem-nis'ei, the 
superior or sensory pyramidal decussation. D. 
pontina'lis, a decussation in the pons of tegmental 
fibres from the thalamus. D. pyram'idum* = 

DECUSSATION OF THE PYRAMIDS. [L.] 

de-cus-sa'tion. i. The crossing or running of one 
portion athwart another, as of the optic nerves, 
which partially cross each other. 2. The point of 
crossing; chiasma. D. of the pyramids, the cross¬ 
ing of the fibres of the pyramids of the medulla 
oblongata from one pyramid to the other, occur¬ 
ring at the anterior median fissure; decussatio 
pyramidum*. Superior pyramidal d., the decussa¬ 
tion of fibres from the nucleus gracilis and nu¬ 
cleus cuneatus in front of the central canal of the 
medulla oblongata; superior decussation; pini- 
form decussation; sensory decussation. 

17 




Decussate 

Leaves. 


Decurrent 

Leaf. 


de-cus-so'ri um. A depressor for the dura mater, 
de-den-ti'tion. The loss of teeth, especially of those 
of the second dentition. 

ded-o-la'tion. i. A shaving off of a part obliquely. 
2. A sensation in the limbs resembling that pro¬ 
duced by a bruise. It sometimes marks the origin 
of certain acute diseases. 

de-duc'tion. Reasoning by applying a proposition 
supposed to be universally true in a given class 
of cases to a particular case of this class, g?- 
Induction. [< L. dedu'cere to draw out.] 
dee-li'na. A Scotch proprietary hydrocarbon oil. 
[< Dee a Scotch river.] 

deep. Lying below the surface; not superficial; 
profundus*. D. cardiac dulness, cardiac dul- 
NEss. D. crural arch, the deep femoral arch. 
D. fascia, fascia. D. femoral artery, ^fem¬ 
oral ARTERY. D. keratitis, interstitial keratitis. 
D. origin of a cranial nerve, the point at which the 
nerve arises from its nucleus, Superficial 
ORIGIN. D. percussion, percussion in which a 
firm blow is struck in order to obtain the note of 
deep-seated structures. D. reflex, a reflex move¬ 
ment induced by stimulating the bones or ten¬ 
dons,-as by percussion. D. root, the anterior 
ROOT of the auditory nerve, 
deer'sber-ry. = Gaultheria procumbens. D.’s 
tongue = Liatris odoratissima. 
de-fat-i-ga'tion. Over-fatigue; overstrain, as of 
the heart, Prostration. 
def-e-ca'tion. i. The act of discharging the faeces. 
2. Fecal matter that has been discharged. 3. The 
removal of faeces, or sediment from anything; 
clarification. D. centre = anospinal centre. 
de-fect' psychosis. A psychosis, as idiocy or im¬ 
becility, characterized by mental deficiency, 
defec'tio, defec'tus. Defect; lack. D. mamma'rum 
= AMASTiA. D. vul'vae, total atresia of the vulva, 
de-fec'tive vision. =Dysopsia. 
de-fem-i-na'tion. Sexual perversion in a woman, 
her feelings becoming masculine, Eviration. 
de-fen'sive proteid. A proteid substance formed in 
the body having the power of destroying disease- 
germs. Alexin; phylaxin; sozin. 
def'er-ens. k^Vas deferens, fdef-e-ren-tec'to-my. 
def'er-ent. Conveying downward or away. D. ar¬ 
tery = deferential artery. D. canal or duct 
= VAS deferens. [< L. def'erens.] 
def-e-ren'tial artery. A small artery from one of 
the branches of the superior vesical artery supply¬ 
ing the vas deferens. 

def-e-ren-ti'tis. Inflammation of the vas deferens, 
de-ferred' shock. A severe mental shock the symp¬ 
toms of which {delayed symptoms) do not appear 
for some time after its cause, 
de-fer-ves'cence. = Stadium decrementi. 
de-fi'bri-nate. = Defibrinize. fde-fi-bri-na'tion. 
de-fi'bri-nize. To separate or clear from fibrin, 
de-fi'ning power. The power of a microscopic lens 
for presenting fine details clearly and sharply, 
def'i-nite proportions. The proportions in which 
chemical substances combine, rs- Equivalent. 
def-i-ni'tion. i. The clear determination of limits 
or contents, as of a disease, or of a microscopical 
image. 2. = Defining power. 
de-fin'i-tive. Final; lasting. D. callus, ^callus. 

D. ducts, the straight milk-ducts of the nipple, 
def-la-gra'tion. Rapid combustion, with flame and 
violent motion or explosion, fdef'la-grate, 
de-flect'. To turn aside, f de'flex, as D. action^ a 
pseudoreflex from stimulating the central seg¬ 
ment of a cut nerve containing only efferent fibres. 




DEFLORATION 


258 


DEJECTURE 


def-lo-ra'tion. Loss of the marks of virginity by coi¬ 
tus. In medical jurisprudence, connection with¬ 
out violence, in contradistinction to rape. 
deflu'vium capillo'rum. Rapid loss of the hair, 
de-flux'ion. i. Any copious discharge. 2. Rapid 
loss or falling ot the hair. [< L. deflux'io.] 
defoeda'tio un'guium. A thickened and discolored 
condition of the nails. [L.] 
def-or-ma'tion. = Deformity. 
de-form'ing. Causing deformity. D. arthritis = ar¬ 
thritis DEFORMANS. D. OSteitiS = OSTEITIS DE¬ 
FORMANS. 

de-for'mi-ty. Malformation; distortion, whether con¬ 
genital or the result of disease or accident, 
Gunstock d.; Madelung’s d. 
de-func’tion-al-i-za'tion. Destruction of function, 
de-fur-fu-ra'tion. The formation of fine, branslike 
scales on the skin; desquamation, Pityriasis. 
Deg. Abbr. for degeneration; degree, 
de-gan'gli-on-ate. To remove a ganglion from; de¬ 
prive of ganglia. 

de-gen'e-ra-cy. A congenital and often hereditary 
condition of psychical abnormality due to anom¬ 
alous development and associated with anatom¬ 
ical defects and aberrations: an ilLdefined devia¬ 
tion from the norm of mentality, grading on the 
one hand into neurotic, criminal, and insane 
types {Inferior d.), but compatible with sound¬ 
ness of both mind and body, and passing on the 
other hand, by imperceptible degrees {Superior d.) 
into brilliancy (most often along artistic lines) and 
genius. Stigmata of d., the anomalies, especially 
morphological, but including also those which are 
functional, that are found in considerable number 
in degeneracy, but occur singly or in groups of 
two or three in normal individuals as well, in 
whom they are without significance. They in¬ 
clude misplaced crown of the scalp, cranial or 
facial asymmetry, microcephaly, abnormal prog¬ 
nathism, high palatal arch, irregular teeth and 
dental arcades, cleft palate, harelip, ears abnor¬ 
mally shaped or placed or with adherent lobe, 
astigmatism and other refractive errors, defective 
build of the trunk, abnormal length or shortness 
of trunk or limbs, spina bifida, syndactylism and 
polydactylism, hypospadia, imperforate hymen, 
resemblance of secondary sexual characteristics 
to those of the opposite sex, sexual perversions, 
abnormally increased or decreased acuteness of 
the senses, color-blindness, emotional instability, 
erratic or poorly balanced mental qualities, and a 
general lack of adaptability to environment. 
Among the anatomical stigmata the cranial ab¬ 
normalities, the misshapen ears, and the palatal 
anomalies are considered the most significant, 
fde-gen'e-rate, an individual showing the charac¬ 
teristics of degeneracy. 

de-gen-e-ra'tion. Deterioration or change of a tis- 
su.e or cell from a higher to a lower form, so that 
it is less able to perform its proper functions: 
when there is a chemical transformation of the 
tissue itself, the degeneration is called True d.; 
when the tissue itself is not altered, but is simply 
charged with a deposit of abnormal matter in its 
substance, the degeneration is called infiltra¬ 
tion. Some of the varieties of degeneration are 
Amyloid or albuminous, Ascending, Caseous, 
Colloid, Descending, Fatty, Gray, Hyaline, 
yivcovss. Parenchymatous (=cloudy swelling), 
Walleri.\n or secondary, Waxy (=^amyloid), 
and Zenker’s. D. cyst, a cyst formed by soften¬ 
ing and degeneration of tissue. D. neuritis, neu¬ 


ritis in which there is degeneration of the nerve 
substance proper. Reaction of d., reaction. 
de-gen'e-ra-tive. Relating to, marked by, or asso¬ 
ciated with degeneration. D. atrophy = spin o- 
NEURAL ATROPHY. D. lesion, a lesion marked by 
degeneration. D. neuralgia, neuralgia associated 
with degeneration of the central nervous system. 
De-ge-ner’s test. The use of phehacetolin as a test 
for alkalies, which turn it red. 
de-glu'ta-ble. Capable of being swallowed, 
deg-lu-ti'tion. The act of swallowing, which may 
be said to consist of three stages, viz., the passage 
of the substance swallowed through the oral 
cavity, through the pharynx, and through the 
oesophagus. D. apnoea, the temporary arrest of 
the activity of the respiratory centre during the 
act of swallowing. D. centre, a nerve centre in 
the medulla oblongata which controls the move¬ 
ments of swallowing. Muscles of d., the muscles 
of the tongue, palate, and pharynx. D. pneumo¬ 
nia, aspiration pneumonia, fde-glu'ti-to-ry. 
deg'mus. A gnawing pain in the stomach, 
de-gote', de-gut. Tar or oil of birch. [< Russ, degotu.] 
deg-ra-da'tion. A degraded or degenerate state; loss 
of dignity; retrograde metamorphosis, 
de-gra'ded liver. A human liver divided into an 
unusual number of lobes, like that of a gorilla, 
de-greased' tubercle bacilli. Tubercle bacilli which 
have been deprived of their waxy material by pro¬ 
longed treatment with alcohol and ether: used in 
suspension as a therapeutic tuberculin, 
de-gree'. i. Relative quantity; extent; amount. 
2. The three-hundred-and-sixtieth part of a 
circle. 3. A division or interval marked on a 
THERMOMETER or other instrument. 4. The rank 
or title of bachelor, licentiate, master, or doctor, 
conferred by a university or college, 
de-gus-ta'tion. The act, or perception, of tasting, 
de-his'cence. The formation of a ‘fissure in a 
part; the act of splitting open. ^Diastasis. 
de-hu’man-i-za'tion. The loss of human character¬ 
istics, as in the insane. 

de-hu'man-ized virus. Vaccine virus deprived of 
human qualities for retrovaccination. 
de-hy-dra'tion. Removal of water from a compound. 
Dei'ters’s cells, i. Highly specialized, sustentacular, 
epithelial elements within 
the cochlear duct, resemb- 
lingthecellsof Corti,which 
by their peculiar “ pha¬ 
langes” form the mem- 
brana reticularis through 
which the hair-cells pro¬ 
ject. 2. = Glia cells. 

D.’s nucleus, a mass of 
gray matter in the medulla 
on the inner side of the 
restiform body, containing 
large cells and giving rise 
to the median root of the 
auditory nerve; external 
auditory nucleus; large- 
celled auditory nucleus; 
nucleus magnocellularis; superior nucleus. D .'s 
phalanges, the modified ends of D.’s cells, def. 1. 
D.’s process=AxissCYLiNDER process. D.’s termi¬ 
nal frames, plates in the reticular lamina uniting 
the phalanges of Deiters with the cells of Hensen. 
de-jec'tion. i. The discharge of any excrementi- 
tious matter; also, the matter discharged. 2. 
Mental depression, exhaustion, or prostration, 
de-jec'ture. A dejection; excrement. 



A. Deiters’s Cells. B. 
Hair-cells. 



DEMAGNETIZE 


DEKACRYLIC ACID 259 


dek-a-cryl'ic acid. A yellowish substance, C,nH,aO,, 
obtained from cork. 

dek a-gramme, dek'a-gram. = Decagramme. 
dek a-li-tre, dek'a-li-ter. = Decalitre. 
dek a-me-tre, dek'a-me-ter. = Decametre. 
delabrement (de-labr-mah). The cachectic condition 
due to chronic stomach or liver disease. 
de-Iach-ry-ma'tion. Excessive lachrymation. 
de-lac-ta'tion. The act of weaning. 

Del a-field’s fluid. A fixing fluid for delicate tissues, 
composed of i% osmic acid solution, ro Cc.; 
0.2% chromic acid solution, loo Cc.; 95% alcohol, 
100 Cc.; acetic acid, i Cc. D.’s haematoxylin, a 
nuclear stain composed of 16% alcoholic haema¬ 
toxylin solution, 25 Cc.; saturated aqueous 
ammonia*alum solution, 400 Cc.; glycerin, 100 
Cc.; and methyl alcohol, 100 Cc. ‘ 
de-lam-i-na'tion. In embryology, the division of a 
blastoderm into two layers by the formation of 
an ectoderm. [< L. t/e apart + lam'ina plate.] 
de-layed' symptoms. ^ Deferred shock. 
del-e-nif'i-cal. Easing pain. 

del-e-te'ri ous. Injurious. [< harmful.] 

Delff’s test. A test for caffeine in which a crystal¬ 
line precipitate forms with a solution of red 
mercuric oxide and potassium iodide. 

DeThi sore or boil. = Oriental sore. 
del-i-ga'tion. i. Bandaging. 2. Ligating, 
de-lim-i-ta'tion. Setting or determining limits, as 
of a morbid process. 

del-i-ques'cence. Liquefaction from the absorption 
of atmospheric moisture, as of certain hygroscopic 
salts, fdel-i-quesce'. del-i-ques'cent. 
deli'quium. A failing; a fainting or swooning. D. an'- 
imi, “failing of the mmd’’; swooning or fainting; 
syncope; defectio animi. [ < L. delin'quere to fail.] 
del-i-ra'tion. Insanity; mental aberration, 
de-lir'i-ant, de-lir-i-fa'cient. Producing or capable 
of producing delirium, as a drug, 
de-lir'i um. Mental derangement characterized by 
incoherent and wandering talk, illusions, etc. 
Acute d., delirium appearing suddenly and usually 
leading rapidly to death or to recover}’-; delirious 
mania: marked by unceasing wandering talk with 
expression of great fear. Alcoholic d.= D. tre¬ 
mens. D. cor'dis, complete irregularity of heart= 
activity, in respect to the pulse=waves. D. ebios- 
ita'tis = D. tremens. Epileptic and postepileptic 
d., forms of transitory delirium resulting from 
epileptic attacks or occurring periodically in place 
of them. Expansive d.= D. of grandeur. Fever 
d., delirium consisting of active dreams during 
a waking state in fever patients. D. furibun'dum 
= MANIA. D. of grandeur, D. grandio'sum, delir¬ 
ium with delusions of greatness, wealth, and 
power: frequent in general paralysis and in para¬ 
noia. Inanition d., delirium, usually maniacal, in 
anaemic diseases. D. of littleness == microma- 

NIACAL D. D. mus'sitans = MUTTERING D. D. of 
negation, a form of paranoia occurring in melan¬ 
cholia, in which the patient denies the existence 
of a part or the whole of his body, or of other 
objects, or of everything. D. of persecution, de¬ 
lirium with delusions of perseciition. D. potato'- 
rum = D. TREMENS. Traumatic d., delirium ac¬ 
companying excessive reaction from shock. D. 
tre'mens, an affection due to excess in alcohol 
or opium: marked by delirium, hallucinations, 
illusions, tremor, and insomnia; alcoholic d.; D. 
potatorum, Alcoholism. [< L. delira're to 
rave.] tde-lir'i ous, as D. melancholy, melancholy 
marked by unpleasant delusions. 


del-i-tes'cence. i. Rapid subsidence or disappear¬ 
ance, as of inflammation. 2. Latency of a poi¬ 
son or of a morbid agent, fdel-i-tes'cent. 
de-liv'e-ry. i. Expulsion of a child by the mother, 
or its extraction by the obstetrician. 2. Removal 
of a part (as the placenta, lens, etc.) from the body, 
del'le. The light=co]ored centre of a stained eryth¬ 
rocyte. [Dl. ’09.] 

del-o-mor'phous. Having welLdefined limits, as D. 
cells, large cells in the glands of the stomach, par¬ 
ticularly at the cardiac end, said to secrete the 
acid of the gastric juice; oxyntic cells; acid=cells; 
parietal cells; ovoid cells; superadded cells. 
De-lore’s method. Manual osteoclasis for the cure 
of genu valgum. 

Del-pech’s operation. Ligation of the axillary ar¬ 
tery through an incision along the gap between 
the pectoralis major and the deltoid, 
del'phine, del'phin, del-phin'ia. = Delphinine. 
del-phin'ic acid. =Valerianic acid. tdeTphi-nate. 
del'phi-nine. The principal alkaloid of staphisag- 
RiA*, resembling atropine and veratrine but less 
poisonous : its formula has been given as 
and as CgjH^gNO-. fdel-phi-noi'dine, 
del'phi-sine, two alkaloids or decomposition prod¬ 
ucts of delphinine, found associated with it. 
Delphin'ium. A genus of ranunculaceous herbs of 
many species, as D. consol'ida, larkspur, whose 
seeds are diuretic, and in large doses emetic and 
cathartic; and D. staphisag'ria, stavesacre, whose 
seeds are used chiefly for destroying lice, 
del'ta. Any triangular space, Deltoid. D. for'- 

nicis, a triangular area on the posterior inferior 
surface of the splenium, included between the 
diverging posterior pillars of the fornix ; lyra; 
lyre; psalterium. D. granules, a form of basophile 
leucocytic granules. D. mesoscap'ulae, the trian¬ 
gular area at the root of the spine of the scapula, 
del'toid. I. Triangular ; shaped like the Greek let¬ 
ter A {delta). 2. Relating to the deltoid muscle, 
p The deltoid muscle; the large triangular mus¬ 
cle covering the shoulder =joint, arising from the 
spine of tho scapula, the acromion, and the 
clavicle, and inserted into the deltoid ridge of the 
humerus: it raises the arm away from the side of 
the body. D. crest or impression = D. ridge. D. 
ligament, the internal lateral ligament of the 
ankle-joint. D. muscle = deltoid, def. 3. D. 
ridge, a rough elevation on the humerus for the 
attachment of the deltoid muscle. D. tubercle or 
tuberosity, i. A rough elevation on the anterior 
surface of the cla-vicle for the attachment of the 
deltoid muscle. 2. = D. ridge. 
del-toi'de us. = Deltoid, def. 3. D. accesso'rius, 
a slip of muscular fibres between the deltoid and 
the .scapularis, arising from the acromion and 
inserted into the capsule of the shoulder-joint, 
del To'ro’s operation. Destruction with a heated 
knife of the apex of a conical cornea, 
de-lu'sion. A fixed, unfounded (generally false) 
belief or opinion about a matter of fact; an error 
of judgment not due to lack of mental training 
or to lack of knowledge of the facts. Insane d., a 
delusion due to mental disease, generally relating 
to the patient himself or his interests, and arising 
either directly from the pathological brain-condi¬ 
tion, or secondarily from attempts at explaining 
hallucinations. D. of littleness = micromania. 
fdelu'sion-al, as D. = paranoia: and D. 

stupor, acute dementia. 

de-mag'ne-tize. To deprive of or free from mag¬ 
netism. fde-mag-net-i-za'tion. 


DENSIMETER 


260 


DEMANGEAISON 

d^mangeaison (de-mafi-zhe-zon). = Pruritus. [F.] 
de-mar-ca'tion. The marking off of boundaries; 
delimitation. D. current, the electrical current 
which flows from a normal area of a muscle or 
nerve to a diseased area when these are connected 
by a conductor. Line of d., the line limiting 
a gangrenous from a healthy area, 
demarche (de-marsh). Walk; gait. D. de stepper 
(ste-pe), the characteristic walk of one suffer¬ 
ing from peroneal neuritis: the foot touches the 
ground twice, first at the heel and then at the toe; 
steppage, Pseudotabes. D. titubante (ti-tii- 
baht), the reeling walk of one suffering from tabes 
or diseases of the cerebellum. [F.] 
de-ment'. A demented person. ^ Ament. 
de-men'ted. Afflicted with dementia. 
de-men'tia. General mental enfeeblement. Idi¬ 
ocy; moria; psychosis; stupor. Acute d., a 
curable form occurring in young persons and 
characterized by progressive apathy with occa¬ 
sional periods of excitement; primary dementia; 
delusional stupor; stuporous insanity. D. agita'- 
ta, D. apath'ica, t^D., secondary. Chronic d., 
dementia characterized by weakness or loss of 
memory: common in old age. Organic d., demen¬ 
tia from organic brain disease. D. paralyt'ica = 
GENERAL PARALYSIS. D. paranoi'des, a type of 
dementia praecox resembling paranoia. Posts 
traumatic d., a clinical type of dementia once 
thought to occur characteristically after trauma. 
D. prae'cox, any form of dementia beginning at 
puberty and marked by negativism, stereotypy, 
mannerisms, and verbigeration; juvenile insan¬ 
ity. Primary d., acute dementia. Secondary d., 
dementia following some other psychosis: com¬ 
monly divided into Apathetic cf., with apathy and 
little movement; and Agitated d., with restlessness 
and excitement. Senile d., the chronic, progres¬ 
sive, incurable dementia of old age, characterized 
especially by amnesia, and generally associated 
with brain lesions. [< L. de priv. -}- mens mind.] 
dem-i-ap’o-neu-rot'i-cus. = Semimembranosus. 
demisbain (de-mi-bah). A hipsbath or sitzsbath. 
dem-i-cir'cu-lar. = Semicircular. 
dem-i-fac'et. Half of an articular surface on a 
bone, as the costal demifacets of the vertebrae, 
dem-i-gaunt'let. A variety of bandage for the 
hand. 

dem'i-lune. i. Ahalfsmoon; a crescent. 2. Cres- 
cent*shaped. Ds. of Adamkiewicz, crescentic cells 
beneath the neurilemma of medullated nerve* 
fibres. D. cells, Ds. of Heidenhain = Gianuzzi’s 
CRESCENTS. [< F. demi ha\i + lune moon.] 
demd-mon-stros'i-ty. Partial deformity; malfor¬ 
mation which does not interfere with function. 
dem*i=or-bic-u-la'ris. = Orbicularis oris. 
dem-i-pen'ni-form muscle. A muscle in which fibres 
are given off from one side of a tendinous margin. 
i^Penniform muscle. 

Dem'me’s bacillus. A bacillus found in the blood 
of those suffering from erythema nodosum. 
Dem'odex. A genus of acarid mites, as D. jolli- 
cM/o'rwm = Ac A Rus folliculorum. Comedo. 

de-mog'ra-phy. Vital statistics as a department of 
anthropology. [< 6 rjfjio^ people.] 

Demoivre’s formula.(d^-mw^vrz). The formula giv¬ 
ing the expectation of life as equal to two*thirds 
of the difference between the- present age and 80. 
de*mon-o-ma'ni a, de-mon-op'a-thy. Insanity in 
which one imagines himself possessed of demons, 
dem'on-stra-tor. An assistant teacher of a practical 
subject. [< L. demonstra're to show.] 


de Mor'gan’s spots. = Canceroderm. 
de-mor'phi-ni-za'tion. Cure of the morphine habit 
by gradual withdrawal of the drug. 

De-mours’s membrane. =Descemet’s membrane. 
de-mul'cent. i. Soothing; assuaging. 2. A sooth¬ 
ing medicine, generally mucilaginous, as acacia, 
for the throat or other mucous membrane, 
de-mus'cu-late. Devoid of flesh; emaciated, 
de Mus-sey’s point or symptom. A point very pain¬ 
ful on pressure, noted in diaphragmatic pleurisy: 
located on the line continuous with the left border 
of the sternum at the level of the tenth rib. 
de-mu-ti-za'tion. The teaching of deaf*mutes to 
communicate by signs, lip*language, etc. 

Denans’s operation (df-ndhz). The joining of a 
divided intestine by tubes of metal, 
de-nar'co-tize. To deprive of narcotine, 
de-na'tured alcohol. Ethyl alcohol rendered unfit 
for internal use by the addition of wood alcohol, 
pyridine bases, etc., which give it a repulsive odor 
and taste but permit its technical use at a lower 
taxsrate; denaturalized or denaturized alcohol, 
fde-na'tu-ring, de-na'tu-ri-zing, as D. agents. 
den-drax'on. A short axon having no myelin sheath, 
den'dric. Having a dendron or dendrons. 
den'drite. One of the finer processes of a nerve*cell. 
den-drit'ic, den'dri-form, den'droid. Pertaining to 
a tree, or treedike in form or appearance. D. 
cancer = PAPILLOMA. D. keratitis, keratitis. 
D. vegetations, villous growths, 
den'dron. A branching protoplasmic process of a 
nerve=cell. O" Neurodendron. [ < dfpdpop tree.] 
Den'eck-e’s bacillus. = Spirillum tyrogenum. 
dengue (deng'ge). An eruptive fever, due to an 
infective agent transmitted by mosquitoes, com¬ 
mencing suddenly, and characterized by severe 
pain in the head and eyeballs, swelling and pain 
in the muscles and joints, catarrhal symptoms, 
and sore throat; break*bone fever; dandy fever; 
solar fever; sun *fever. The stage of high fever 
is followed by intense itching and desquama¬ 
tion. It occurs epidemically and sporadically 
in tropical and semitropical countries. [Sp.] 
de-ni-da'tion. The supposed disintegration and 
removal during menstruation of some of the epi¬ 
thelial elements of the intra*uterine mucous mem¬ 
brane, which by the process of nidation is thought 
to have become fitted temporarily to serve as a 
nidus for a fertilized ovum. 

De-ni-g^s’s reaction. The blue color produced by 
uric acid on oxidation with nitric acid and addi¬ 
tion of sulphuric acid and commercial benzol. 
D.sMbrner’s test,‘the green color produced by 
tyrosin with formaldehyde and sulphuric acid, 
den-i-gra'tion. = Melanosis. 

Denis’s plasmin (de-niz). A substance formed by 
treating the precipitate of uncoagulated blood 
and sodic sulphate with salt. 
de-ni‘tri-fi-ca'tion. Reduction of nitrites and ni¬ 
trates to free nitrogen by the aid of bacteria. 
Den'neth’s method. The treatment of obesity by 
restricting carbohydrate and allowing some fat. 
Den'nis’s method. A mode of ligating the internal 
iliac artery through a median abdominal incision. 
Denonvillier’s operation (de-noh-vi-yez). Transfer¬ 
ence of a triangular flap from the side of the 
nose for the correction of a defective ala nasi, 
dens, pi. den'tes. i. == Tooth. D. serot'inus, a wis¬ 
dom tooth. 2. = Odontoid process. [L.] 
dense. Close; compact; crowded. [< L. den'sus.] 
den-sim'e-ter. An apparatus for determining the 
density (specific gravity) of a liquid, fd^h-si- 


DENTACRA 


DENTATED SUTURE 


met'ric, as D. analysis, estimatiotl of the amount of 
dissolved matter in a solution by its specific gravi¬ 
ty, den'si-ty, the state of being dense; the quan¬ 
tity of matter in a given space; specific gravity, 
den-tag'ra. i. = Odontalgia. 2. A forceps or 
toothskey for extracting teeth, 
den'tal. i. Pertaining to teeth. D. arch, D. curve, 
the curve formed by the alveolar process of each 
jaw, containing the teeth and covered with the 
gums. D. arteries, superior and inferior branches 
of the internal maxillary artery supplying the 
teeth. D. articulator, an instrument for match¬ 
ing dentures. D. atrophy, erosion of the teeth. 
D. bone, the dentin. D. bulb = D. papilla. D. 
calculus, tartar on the teeth. Anterior d. canal, 
a canal in the facial portion of the superior max¬ 
illary bone: it transmits the anterior dental 
vessels and nerve to the front teeth of the upper 
jaw. Inferior d. canal, a canal descending from 
the inferior dental foramen through the ramus 
and extending through the body of the inferior 
maxillary bone: it gives off one branch to the 
mental foramen and another to the incisive 
alveoli. Posterior d. canals, two small foramina 
near the posterior border of the superior maxil¬ 
lary bone, transmitting the posterior dental 
vessels and nerves. D. capsule = D. follicle. 
D. caries, local disease of teeth, the enamel being 
dissolved by lactic acid due to specific micro* 
organisms, with consequent disintegration of the 
dentin. D. cartilage = maxillary ridge. D. cav¬ 
ity = PULP*CAVITY. D. chisel, a chisel*shaped D. 
EXCAVATOR. D. crest = MAXILLARY RIDGE. D. 
disk, a flat circular plate of paper, cloth, or other 
material, covered with an abrasive substance, 
used to polish teeth and fillings. D. drill, an 
instrument, of various forms, for excavating cav¬ 
ities of teeth, cutting away decayed portions, etc. 
cs- Burrsdrill. D. engine, a machine with a 
flexible arm used in dental work, operated by 
means of a treadle or by electricity and giving 
a rapid rotary motion to drills, burrs, burnishers, 
etc. D. excavator, an instrument for removing 
decayed portions of a tooth preparatory to 
filling. D. exostosis, a morbid growth from the 
root of a tooth; exodontosis; D. osteoma. D. 
file, a small file, of various forms, used in 
mechanical and operative dentistry. D. follicle, 
the sac*like structure lodged within the sub¬ 
stance of the jaws and containing the develop¬ 
ing tooth before it issues from the alveolus. 
Inferior d. foramen, a foramen in the internal 
surface of the ramus of the mandible, being the 
aperture of the inferior dental canal, for the 
passage of the inferior dental vessels and nerve. 
D. forceps, a forceps for the extraction of teeth. 
D. formula, a formula or combination of symbols 
expressing the arrangement of the teeth in the 
jaws. D. germ, the rudiment of a tooth, consist¬ 
ing of the dental sac, including dentinal papilla, 
and the enamel organ. D. gland, one of the 
white areas on the mucous membrane of the jaw 
over the point of emergence of the teeth. Prim¬ 
itive d. groove, a groove in the border of the jaws 
of the embryo. D. hammer = autom.\tic mal¬ 
let. D. height, the vertical distance between 
the PROSTHiON and the symphysion. D. index, the 
quotient of 100 times the dental length divided 
by the basinasal line. D. ivory = dentin. D. 
lamina = D. germ. D. length, the distance from 
the anterior surface of the first premolar to the 
posterior surface of the last molar. D. mallet = 


AUTOMATIC MALLET. D. mirror, a small mirrof 
fastened to a stem, to examine portions of the 
teeth by reflection. D. necrosis — odontone- 
CRosis. D. nerves, the nerves which supply the 
teeth. Those of the upper jaw are branches of 
the superior maxillary nerve, and those of 
the lower jaw of the inferior maxillary nerve. 
D. neuralgia, toothache. D. nucleus = D. pa¬ 
pilla. D. orthopaedia, the art of correcting 
irregularities or deformities of the teeth. D. 
osteoma = D. exostosis. D. papilla, the process 
of connective tissue which extends into the 
enamel pulp in the embryo; dental bulb; dentinal 
papilla; papilla dentis*. D. paralysis, anterior 
poliomyelitis occurring in teething children, for¬ 
merly believed to be due to disturbed dentition. 
D. pathology, the science of diseases of the teeth. 
D. periostitis, inflammation of the dental perios¬ 
teum or peridental membrane. D. plexus, a nerve* 
plexus around the roots of the lower teeth derived 
from the inferior dental nerve. D. process = pro¬ 
cessus ALVEOLARIS*. D. pulp = PULP OF THE 
TEETH. D. pump, an apparatus for removing 
saliva from the mouth during dental operations. 
D. ridges, the projecting borders of the dental 
groove. D. sac, the vascular sac enclosing the 
enamel organ and dental papilla of a developing 
tooth; dentinal sac. D. splint, a metal or vulca¬ 
nite appliance for supporting a fractured maxilla 
or mandible: termed interdental when placed be¬ 
tween the jaws to support either or both of them. 
D. tissue = DENTIN. D. tubuli, the undulating 
tubes occurring in the substance of the dentin. 
Inferior d. vein, a tributary of the pterygoid plexus 
passing through the dental canal of the mandible. 
2. A letter, or sound of a letter, formed near the 
front teeth, as d, t, th, and n. 

den-tal'gi a. Toothache. [ < L. dens tooth -f dAyof 
pain.] 

den'tal-one. A local anaesthetic for treating exposed 
nerves in decayed teeth: said to be 30% chlore- 
tone in oils of cinnamon, cloves, and wintergreen. 

den'ta-phone. A kind of audiphone transmitting 
sounds through the medium of the teeth. 

Denta'ria. i. A genus of cruciferous plants, many of 
which are carminative. 2. =Plumbago europ^ea. 

den-tar'pa-ga. =Dentagra. 

den'ta-ry. Bearing or having teeth, as a D. bone 
or process. D. centre, one of the ossification 
centres of the mandible, giving rise to the lower 
border and outer plate, and supporting the teeth. 

den-ta'ta. The second vertebra; axis: so called from 
its projecting tooth*like process. 

den'tate. Toothed; edged with projections like saw* 
teeth. D. band = fascia dentata. D. body = 

CORPUS DENTATUM. D. 

convolution, a convolu¬ 
tion in the hippocampal 
fissure; its anterior bor¬ 
der is notched. D. fascia 

= FASCIA DENTATA. D. 
fissure = HIPPOCAMPAL 
FISSURE. D. gyrus = D. 

CONVOLUTION. D. lamina 
= FASCIA DENTATA. D. 
ligament = ligamentum 
DENTICULATUM. D. nU- 
cleus = NUCLEUS DENTATUS*. 

TATED. D. vertebra, the axis. 

den'ta-ted suture. A bony suture in which the 
edges'^ of the articulating bones are beset wilh 
relatively coarse tooth*like processes. 



D. suture, cs- den- 





DENTES 


262 


DEPHLOGISTICATED 


den'tes, gen. den'tium. PI. of L. dens, a tooth, tm- 
Tooth. D. acu'ti, the incisor teeth. D. angula'- 
res, the canine teeth.* D. bicuspida'ti, the bicus¬ 
pid teeth. D. cadu'ci, the temporary teeth. D. 
cani'ni *, the canine teeth. D. cuspida'ti, the four 
pointed canine teeth, two in each jaw, adjoining 
and posterior to the lateral incisors. The two 
canine teeth of the upper jaw are popularly 
called eye=^ieeth, and the lower stomach-teeth. D. 
decid'ui*, deciduous teeth; the temporary teeth. 
D. incisi'vi*, D. inciso'res, the incisor teeth. 
D. lac'tei, milk*teeth; the temporary teeth. D. 
lania'rii, the canine teeth. D. maxilla'res, D. 
mola'res*, D. multicuspida'ti, the molar teeth. 
D. premola'res*, the premolar teeth. D. primo'res, 
the incisor teeth. D. sapien'tise, D. seroPini*, 
the wisdom teeth; the last grinder or molar 
teeth, because they come in mature years, 
den'ti-ceps. =Dent.4l forceps. 
den-tic'u-lar hymen. A hymen with serrate edges, 
den-tic'u-late, den-tic'u-la-ted. Having little teeth; 
having very fine marginal teeth. D. body = cor¬ 
pus DENTATUM. D. lamina = CRISTA SPIRALIS. 
D. ligament = LiGAMENTUM denticulatum*. D. 
muscle, the serratus magnus muscle, 
dentier (doh-ti-e). A set of artificial teeth. [F.] 
den'ti-fac-tor. A machine for manufacturing artifi¬ 
cial dentures. [< L. dens tooth + /ac'tor maker.] 
den*ti-fi-ca'tion. The formation of teeth; dentition, 
den'ti-frice. A medicinal and cleansing powder for 
the teeth; toothspowder. fden-ti-fric'ial. 
den-tig'e-rous. Containing or producing teeth. D. 
cyst, a cyst developing from the connective tissue 
of an unerupted tooth: it is covered with a thin 
shell of bone and generally contains the undevel¬ 
oped tooth. ^Odontoma. 
den'ti-lave. A toothswash. 

den-ti-lu'vi um. i. The cleansing of the teeth. 2. A 
tooth=wash. [L.] 

den'tin. The boneslike substance or ivory forming 
the inner part of the body, neck, and roots of the 
teeth; ebur; substantia ossea malpighi; sub¬ 
stantia eburnea*-. It contains a number of 
minute wavy tubes {dentinal tubules) radiating 
from the pulpscavity and embedded in a dense 
substance {intertubular tissue or substance). These 
tubules contain the processes {dentinal fibres) of 
connectivestissue cells {dentin cells) which line 
the pulpscavity. [< L. denti'na, fr. dens tooth.] 
fden-ti-nal'gi a, pain in the dentin, den-tind-fi- 
ca'tion, the formation of dentin. den-ti-ni'tis, 
inflammation of the dentinal tubules, 
den'ti-nal. Relating to dentin. D. canaliculi, den¬ 
tinal tubules. D. cartilage, the substance remain¬ 
ing after dissolving the lime salts of dentin 
with dilute acids. D. fibres or fibrils = Tomes ’s 
FIBRES. D. globules, spheroidal masses occurring 
on the outer surface of the dentin. D. matrix, 
the compact, homogeneous substance between 
the dentinal tubules. D. papilla = dental pa¬ 
pilla. D. sac = DENTAL SAC. D. sheath, the 
sheath forming the wall of the dentinal tubules. 
D. system, all the dentinal tubules radiating from 
a single pulp=cavity. D. tubules, 1^ dentin. D. 
tumor, a deposit of secondary dentin attached by 
a pedicle to the wall of the pulp^cavity. 
den'tine. = Dentin. 

den'ti-noid. A hard tumor of the substance of a 
toothsmatrix; odontinoid. c®-O dontoma. 
den'ti-phone. =Dentaphone. 
den'ti-scalp, den-ti-scal'pi um. An instniment for 
scraping teeth. 


den'tist. One who practises dentistry. Ds.’ leg, 
cramp of the legs in dentists, due to continued 
standing. 

den'tis-try. The art of caring for, replacing, or 
surgically treating the teeth. ^ D.D.S. 
den-ti'tion. i. The first appearing of the teeth. 
The first dentition {Primary or Milk dentition), or 
the appearance of the first milk-tooth, generally 
occurs about seven months after birth, sometimes 
earlier. Secondary dentition is the cutting of the 
permanent teeth, and usually begins about the 
sixth year. Tertiary dentition occurs rarely in 
old age. D. fever, fever attending dentition. 2. 
The kind or number of teeth, or their arrangement. 
[< L. denti're to breed or produce teeth.] 
den'tium cor'tex. The enamel which forms the 
most important part of the covering of the teeth. 
D. do'lor, pain of the teeth. ^Odontalgia. 
den‘to=e-lec'tric cautery. An electrical cautery used 
to deaden the pain in sensitive dentin, 
den-to-li'va. The olivary nucleus, 
den-tol'o-gy. The science of the teeth, 
den'ture. i. A set or partial set of artificial teeth. 

2. The natural arrangement of the teeth. [F.] 
de-nu'cle-a-ted. Deprived of the nucleus, 
den-u-da'tion. The laying bare of any part of an 
animal or plant; the stripping off of the integu¬ 
ment. whether surgical or pathological, 
de-nu'ding of the teeth. Destruction of the enamel 
of the surfaces of the teeth, 
de-nu-tri'tion. The opposite of nutrition; wasting. 
Den'ys’s tuberculin. A preparation almost identi¬ 
cal with TUBERCULIN T. O.; bouillon filtrd. 
de-ob'stru-ent. Aperient, as a medicine, 
de-o-dar'. The Indian cedar, Ce'drus deoda'ra, 
a native of Nepaul and the Himalayas. It affords 
a medicinal turpentine. 

de-o'dor-ant. i. Destroying odor. 2. A substance 
that destroys offensive odors. Deodorants are 
classified as volatile (as chlorine, ozone, nitrous 
acid, sulphurous acid, and hydrogen peroxide), 
and non-volatile (as charcoal, lime, and earth). 
D. solution = LIQUOR zinci et ferri compositus. 
[< h. de priv. + o'dor smell.] fde-o'dor-i-za'tion, 
the correcting of any foul or unwholesome efflu¬ 
vium by means of chemical substances, de-o'- 
dor-ized, deprived of odor, as D. alcohol — a-lco- 
HOL deodoratum: D. fotio/orm = iodoformum 
aromatizatum : and D. opium = opium deodora¬ 
tum *. de-o'dor-i-zer. 
de-o-do-ro-li'na. Soft petrolatum*. 
de-on-tol'o-gy. Medical deontology. 
de-op'pi-la-tive, de-op'pi-lant. Aperient or purga¬ 
tive, as a medicine. [< L. de priv. + oppila're to 
close.] fde-op-pi-la'tion. 

de-or sum. Downward. D. ver'gens, turning down¬ 
ward, as of the eyes. tde-or-sum-duc'tion = 

DEORSUM VERGENS. 

de-os-si-fi-ca'tion. The process of losing the ele¬ 
ments of bone or of a bonelike deposit, 
de-ox-i-da'tion. The removal of oxygen from any 
of its compounds, fde-ox'i-dize. de-ox'i-di-zer. 
de-ox'y-ge-na'tion. Deprivation of oxygen. 

Dep. Abbr. for depura'tus purified. 

Depaul’s tube (de-p 61 z). A tube for insufflation, 
similar to Chaussier’s tube. 
de-pau per-ate. i. To make poor; to impoverish. 

2. Impoverished; ill nourished, 
de-phleg-ma'tion. The separating of the water from 
chemical liquors. 

de-phlo-gis'ti-ca-ted. Deprived of phlogiston; oxi¬ 
dized. D. air, oxygen. D. marine air, chlorine. 


DEPILATION 


263 


DERMALGIA 


dep-i-la'tion. The removal of hairs. tdep'i-late. 
dep'i-la-tor, an instrument for removing hairs. 
de-piTa-to-ry, removing hair, as a remedy, 
de-pleth'o-ric. Lacking in plethora; thin^blooded. 
de-ple'tion. i. The emptying or lightening of the 
blood-vessels by venesection, cathartics, absti¬ 
nence, etc. 2. Excessive evacuation, causing ex¬ 
haustion, as in severe diarrhoea. 3. Exhaustion 
following a depletory process, fde-plete'. de- 
ple'to-ry, causing or promoting depletion, 
de-plu-ma'tion. A disease of the eyelids in which 
the eyelashes fall off. 

de-po'la-ri-zer. An agent in a galvanic battery for 
preventing the accumulation of gas-bubbles on 
either plate; depolarizing agent: generally acting 
by chemical combination. tde-poTa-rize. de- 
po’la-ri-za'tion. 

de-pos'it. The substance thrown down from a liquid 
in which it has been suspended; precipitate. In 
pathology, unorganized material which is different 
from the elements of a tissue in which it is found, 
when there is reason to believe that this material 
has been brought to the tissue by the circulating 
fluid and there deposited, fde-pos'i-tive, tend¬ 
ing to form, or marked by, a morbid deposit, 
de-po-si'tion. Depression of the lens of the eye in 
the operation of couching. 
dep-ra-va'tion. Deterioration, or change for the 
worse; morbid perversion. [ < L. deprava're to 
vitiate or deprave.] fde-praved' vision=DYSOPSiA. 
depres'sant. Tending to lower, depress, or retard, 
as a drug. Depressants are classed as cardiac, 
cerebral, or motor, according to their action, 
de-pressed'. Lowered; marked by depression. D. 
fracture, a fracture of a flat bone in which the 
fragment is sunk below the general surface, 
de-pres'sion. i. Lowness of spirits; diminution of 
vital activity in part or all of the economy; the 
state of a part which is depressed. Nervous or 
psychic d., slowness and weakness of function due 
to nervous exhaustion. 2. Depression of cata¬ 
ract. Couching. 3. A circumscribed area 
lower than the surrounding surface, fde-pres'- 
sive, producing depression, as a D. lesion. 
de-pres-so-mo'tor. i. Retarding motion, as D. 
nerves. 2. A medicine which tends to lessen 
motion; a sedative. 

de-press'or. i. An instrument for pushing down a 
part. 2. A muscle or nerve having a depressing 
action. D. aTae na'si, “ depressor of the wing of 
the nose,” the muscle which contracts the nostril. 
D. an'guli o'ris, a muscle, the ‘‘depressor of the 
corner of the mouth.” D. epiglot'tidis, the thyreo- 
epiglottideus muscle. D. la'bii inferio'ris, the 
muscle which depresses the lower lip; quadratus 
menti. D. labii inferio'ris phenomenon, retraction 
of one side of the lower lip on percussion over its 
nerve-supply at the lower jaw. D. nerve, an 
afferent branch of the vagus to the cardiac plexus, 
which inhibits the vasomotor centre when stim¬ 
ulated. D. thyroi'dea, an occasional muscle aris¬ 
ing from the lower border of the first ring of the 
trachea and passing upward to be inserted into the 
lower border of the thyroid cartilage. D. ure'thrae, 
a muscle arising from the ramus of the ischium 
near the transversus perinasi profundus and in¬ 
serted into the fibres of the constrictor vaginae. 
3. A depressant medicine. 

Deprez electric signal or marker (de-pre). A quick¬ 
acting form of signal or kymograph marker: a 
small electromagnet actuates a light, adjustable 
armature carrying the recording lever. 


dep'rimens. Pressing down. D. auric'ulae = poste¬ 
rior AURIS. D. oc'uli = RECTUS OCULI INFERIOR 
de-prived' classes. Persons who have lost or who 
do not possess normal powers or normal mem¬ 
bers, and who are more or less dependent on 
others for support. 

de-prive'ment, de-pri'val. Absence or loss of nor¬ 
mal faculties, or of members, 
dep'u-rant. Purifying, as a medicine. [< L. de¬ 
pur a're to purify.] fdep'u-ra-ted, cleansed; puri¬ 
fied. dep-u-ra'tion, the clarifying of a liquid; 
the removal of impurities from the body-fluids, 
dep'u-ra-tive = depurant. dep'u-ra-tor. 
dep'u-ty centre. A secondary nerve-centre in the 
spinal cord; also, a centre of acranial nerve, 
der-a-del'phus. A joined twin monster having a 
single head and neck. 

der-ad-e-ni'tis. Inflammation of a cervical gland, 
der-an-en-ceph'a-lus. A headless monster having a 
neck and no brain. 

de-range'ment. i. Disturbance of function. 2. 
Insanity. 

Der'by-shire neck. = Bronchocele. 

Der'cum’s disease. = Adiposis dolorosa. 
der-en-ceph'a-lo-cele. A hernia of the brain through 
a cleft in the cervical vertebrae, 
der-en-ceph'a-lus. A headless monster with neck 
partly developed and very small brain, fder-en- 
ce-pha'li a, the condition of a derencephalus. 
der'ic. Relating to the ectoderm. [< 6 epo^ skin.] 
der'i-vant. Derivative, as an application, 
der'i-vate. A chemical substance derived from an¬ 
other. 

der-i-va'tion. Revulsion or counterirritation; the 
revulsive effect of counterirritation, 
de-riv'a-tive. Diverting by irritation from one part 
to another: applied to blisters, rubefacients, epi- 
spastics, etc., appliances or remedies which lessen 
a morbid process in one part of the body by pro¬ 
ducing a flow of blood to another part. D. 
circulation, circulation of the blood from the 
arteries to the veins through small communica¬ 
ting vessels larger than capillaries, which are 
found in certain parts, as the nose, the ear, the 
parotid gland, and the liver, 
de-rived' albumin. Any modification of albumin 
formed by its combination with some chemical 
substance. The derived albumins include acid- 
albumins, alkali-albumins, and the albuminates, 
der'ma, derm. True skin; cutis vera. [< dippa.] 
Dermacen'tor venus'tus (occidentaTis or anderso'ni). 
A parasitic tick whose bite may cause a severe 
lymphangeitis: it can transmit Rocky Mountain 
fever but whether an intermediate host is neces¬ 
sary has not been determined. [ < 6eppa skin -f 
Ktvrelv to pierce.] 

der'mad. Toward the skin; ectad. 
der-mag'ra. = Pellagra. 

der'mal. Relating to the skin or composed of skin. 
D. aspect, an aspect toward the skin. D. bone, 
an ossification in the skin. D. layer = dermic 
LAYER. D. muscle, a cutaneous or subcutaneous 
muscle; a muscle attached to or acting upon the 
true skin, as the platysma myoides. D. muscu¬ 
lature, the cutaneous muscles considered collec¬ 
tively. D. skeleton = DERMOSKELETON. D. teeth, 
the hard nodular or conical structures in the 
mouths of some lower animals, as certain fishes, 
developed entirely from the epithelial tissues; 
epithelial teeth. [< L. der'ma skin.] 
der-ma-lax'i a. Abnormal softness of the skin, 
der-mal'gia. Neuralgia or pain of the skin. 


DERMAMYIASIS 


2 H 4 


DERMATO- 


dennamyi'asis linea'ris mi'grans cestro'sa. A para¬ 
sitic affection due to the presence of a bot*fly 
larva under the skin; creeping eruption; larva 
migrans; hyponomoderma: characterized by a 
pink, elevated or vesicular, line extending as the 
insect burrows: rare except in southern Russia, 
der-man-cyi-o-proc'ti a. Occlusion of the anus by 
a membranous extension, 
der-man'o-plas-ty. Skin-grafting. 

Dermanys'sus. A genus of itch-mites, of the order 
Acarid'ea D. galli'ncB of poultry-houses and D. 
hirun'dinis of swallows sometimes attack the hu¬ 
man skin, causing a kind of prurigo, 
der'ma-phyte. = Derm.\tophyte. fder-ma-phyt'i- 
cide, a medicine for destroying dermatophytes, 
der-ma-pos'ta-sis. Any skin disease dependent on 
some constitutional disorder, as a syphilid. 
der-ma-tag'ra. = Pellagra. 
der-ma-tal'gi a. = Dermalgia. 
der*ma-ta-neu'ri a. Deficiency of nerve-stimulus in 
the skin; paralysis of the skin, 
der-ma-taux'e. Hypertrophy or abnormal thick¬ 
ness of the skin. 

der-mat-ex-an-the'sis. An eruptive dermapostasis. 
der-ma-thae'mi a. Congestion of the capillary blood¬ 
vessels of the skin. [< Sepjua skin-f aijua blood.] 
der‘mat-hy-per'tro-phy. Thickening of the skin, 
der-mat'ic. i. Pertaining to the skin. 2. A remedy 
for a skin disease or to be applied to the skin, 
der-ma-ti'tis. Inflammation of the skin, especially 
acute inflammation, attended with exfoliation of 
the cuticle and copious desquamation. D. ambus- 
tio'nis, dermatitis from a burn or scald. Blasto- 
mycetic (blastomycotic) d., a chronic derma¬ 
titis with suppuration and tissue-hyperplasia, 
often resembling tuberculosis or carcinoma, and 
sometimes spreading through the body generally 
and resulting fatally; dermatitis coccidioides; 
blastomycosis; psorospermiasis; saccharomycosis: 
due to a micro-organism variously classed as 
Oi'dium, Spo'rothrix, Blastomy'ces, or Saccharo- 
my'ces, a round body with a double contour, 
sometimes budding like a yeast^cell, and some¬ 
times (probably a distinct and more malignant 
species) forming mycelium, hyphae, and gonidia. 
D. calor'ica, a term including both D. anibustio'- 
nis and D. congelatio'nis. D. congelatio'nis, der¬ 
matitis from frost*bite. D. contusifor'mis = ery¬ 
thema NODOSUM. D. exfoliati'va, inflammation 
of the skin, with desquamation; pityriasis rubra. 
D. exfoliati'va infan'tum = Ritter’s disease. 
D. facti'tia, artificial dermatitis in hysteria or 
malingering. D. gangraeno'sa, gangrenous in¬ 
flammation of the skin. D. gestatio'nis = HERPES 
GESTATioNis. D. herpetifor'mis or multifor'mis, 
inflammation of the skin of a herpetic character, 
attended with intense itching and burning; bul¬ 
lous or herpetiform hydroa. D. lichenoi'des 
prurigeno'sa = ECZEMA papulosum. Malignant 
papillary d. = Paget’s disease (of ihe breast). D. 
medicamento'sa, inflammation of the skin due to 
drugs taken internally; drug-eruption. D. papil- 
la'ris capilli'tii, a form characterized by rasp- 
berry^like growths on the nucha or occipital 
region, beginning as acne and often becoming 
keloidal; keloid acne; sycosis framboesiformis. D. 
re'pens, dermatitis resembling eczema rubrum 
spreading from a cut or other injury, undermining 
the epidermis, and leaving a denuded red area 
with a sharp, undermined edge: probably due to a 
peripheral neuritis and a secondary infection. 
Rdntgensray d., erythema from exposure to Ront- 


gen rays, sometimes followed by desquamation., 
pigmentation, vesiculation, atrophy, or malignant 
change; also the persistent, very painful ulcer 
sometimes following exposure. D. seborrhoe'ica, a 
chronic skin disease characterized by irregular, 
erythematous, greasy patches of desquamation on 
the scalp or in other regions. Toxic d.= D. medi¬ 
camentosa. D. trauma'tica, inflammation of the 
skin due to a wound or injury. D. venena'ta, 
any inflammation of the skin due to an external 
irritant, particularly Rhus toxicoden'dron. 
der'ma-to-. Skin; dermo-: a combining form. [< 
depjua, gen. (Upparnt; skin.] der'ma-to-cel-lu-li'tis, 
inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous cellu¬ 
lar tissue.— Dermatocen'tor = Dermacentor. — 
der-ma-toch'y-sis = anasarca. — der*ma-to-co- 
ni-o'sis. Any skin disease due to dust.— Derma- 
tocop'tes, an occasional parasite of the human 
skin, larger than Sarcop'tes and causing a pustu¬ 
lar eruption.— der’ma-to-dyn'i a, neuralgia of the 
skin.— der'ma-to-dys-chroi'a, discoloration of the 
skin.— der-mat'o-gen = dermoblast. — der-mat'- 
o-graph-ism, proneness to urticaria on .slight skin- 
irritation.— der-ma-tog'ra-phy, a description of 
the skin.— der'ma-toid, resembling the skin, as D. 
tumor, a hollow tumor lined with cutaneous 
tissue, sometimes containing hair, nails, etc.— der*- 
ma-to-kel-i-do'sis, a spotted condition of the 
skin. — der-ma-tok'e-ras = cornu cutaneum. — 
der 'ma-to-leu-cas'mus = v iti l i go. — der-ma-tol 
o-gy, the science of the skin, or of its nature, func¬ 
tions, and diseases, fder'nia-to-log'i-cal. der-ma- 
tol'o-gist. — der-ma-tol'y-sis. i. Pendulousness 
of the skin; an apparent semi-detached state of 
the skin. 2. = Pachydermia. — der-ma-to'ma, 
a morbid or perverted growth of the skin.— der*- 
ma-to-ma-la'ci a, a morbid softening of the skin. 

— der‘ma-to-me-las'ma = melasma.— der*ma-to- 
my-co'sis, any skin disease due to a fungus, as 
D. /wr/Mra'cea = PITYRIASIS versicolor. — der‘- 
ma-to-my-o'ma, a myoma involving the skin.— 
der'ma-to-my-o-si'tis, an infectious disease of the 
skin and musculature, marked by diffuse inflam¬ 
matory oedema, eruptions of the skin, fever, and 
general disturbances, Polymyositis. — der*- 
ma-to-neu'ri a, any neurosis of the skin.— der’- 
ma-ton'o-sus, any skin disease.— der'ma-to-pa- 
thol'o-gy, pathology of the skin.— der'ma-to-pe- 
ri-scle-ris'mus, dryness and hardness of the skin. 

— der'ma-to-phone, an instrument of ausculta¬ 
tion stated to make audible the sounds of the 
blood-current in the skin: also employed for mus¬ 
cle-sounds and the percussion sounds of tendons or 
bones under the respective names myophone, ten- 
dophone, and osteophone, tder-ma-toph'o-ny. — 
der'ma-to-phyte, any cutaneous plant parasite, 
tder-ma-to-phyt'ic.— der'ma-to-plas-ty, plastic 
surgery of the skin, fder-ma-to-plas'tic. — der-ma- 
top'tic, relating to light-perception by the skin, as 
the D. sensation of certain worms.— der’ma-tor- 
rhoe'a = HYPERiDRosis.— defma-to-scle-ro'sis = 
SCLERODERMA.— der-ma-to'sls, any skin disease.— 
der'ma-to-some, a thickening of each chromatic 
se^ent in the region of the equator of the nuclear 
spindle in karyokinesis, forming part of the equa¬ 
torial plate.— der*nia-to-spas'mus, goose-flesh; cu¬ 
tis anserina.— der*ma-to-stru'ma, a scrofulous 
condition of the skin.— der'ma-to-syph'i-lis, any 
syphilitic exanthema.— der-ma-tot'o-my, dissec¬ 
tion or cutting of the skin.— der*ma-to-xe-ra'si a 
= XERODERMIA. — der'ma-to-zo'< 5 n, any animal 
parasite of the skin, as Ac'arus, Pu'lex, etc. 


DERMATOBIA 


DESCHAMPS’S ANGLE 


265 


Dermato'bia. A genus of bot*liies. In tropical 
America the larvae of some species, D. hom'inis 
and D. noxia'lis, are found beneath the human 
skin, those of the latter being called Macaco 
WORMS. [< skin+jd<ot)r’to live.] 

der'ma-tol- =Bismuthi subgallas* 
der'ma-tome. An instrument tor cutting the skin, 
der-ma-tro'phi a. Atrophy of the skin, 
der-mec-ta'si a. Abnormal relaxation and disten¬ 
tion of skin. [Ci^epfia skin + eKraaig extension.] 
der'men. Belonging to the derma, 
der-men'chy-sis. The hypodermic administration 
of drugs. [<(U'p/ia skin -f to pour in.] 

der-me-pen'the-sis. Skin-grafting, 
der-mex-an-the'sis. The cutaneous eruption of an 
exanthematous disease. 

der'mic. Pertaining to the derm, or tnie skin. D. 
graft, a skin-graft composed of dermal tissue, as 
contrasted with one of epidermis. D. layer, the 
middle or connective tissue of the membrana tym- 
pani. D. remedies, remedies which act through 
the skin. 

der^mis. The skin, especially the cutis vera. [L.] 
der-mi'tis. Inflammation of the skin, 
der'mo-. Skin; dermato-: a combining form. [< 
dippa skin.] der'mo=ac-ti-no-my-co'sis, actino¬ 
mycosis of the skin.— der'mo-blast, that portion 
of the mesoblast from which the true skin is 
developed.— der-mo-cy'mus, a double monstrosity 
in which one foetus is contained within the other. 
— der-mo-graph'i a = autograph ism. — der'mo- 
graph-ism. i. =Autographism. 2. The technic 
of marking diagnostic locations on the skin.— 
der-mog'ra-phy=DERMATOGRAPHY.—der-mo-hae'- 
mi a, hyperaemia of the skin.— der'moid = derma- 
ToiD, as D. cancer, one marked by intermingled 
nests of flat epithelium and colloid masses: D. 
cyst, a cystic tumor containing dermal tissue, hair, 
teeth, etc., commonest in the ovary: and D. 
system, the skin with its derivatives and ap¬ 
pendages.— der-mol'o-gy = dermatology. — der*- 
mo-my-co'sis, a skin disease caused by a fungus.— 
der-mo-neu'ral, pertaining to the skin and the 
nerves, or to the closely associated genetic rela¬ 
tions of the integument and the nervous system 
in the embryo.— dermo-neu-ro'sis = dermato- 
NEURiA. — der'mo-no-sol'o-gy, the science of skin 
diseases.— der-mop'a-thy, surgical treatment of 
the skin.— der’mo-phle-bi'tis, inflammation of the 
veins of the skin.— Dermophyl'la penduli'na,c@- 
TAYUYA.— der'mo-phyte=DERM.'VTOPHYTE.— der'- 
mo-plas-ty =DERMATOPLASTY.— der-moT-rha'gi a, 
hemorrhage from the skin.— der-mo-skel'e-ton. i . 
The hard structure developed in connection with 
the integument in many of the lower animals, as 
the shell of turtles. 2. The external investments 
of the body, as cuticle, nails, and hair; exoskele¬ 
ton ; dermal skeleton.— der‘mo-ste-no'sis, con¬ 
striction of the skin from contraction.— der-mos- 
to'sis, ossification in the skin tissue.— der-mo-sy- 
no-vi'tis, inflammation of the skin and a synovial 
sheath; especially, a malignant inflammation of 
the sole of the foot, tending to involve the syno¬ 
vial sheaths, Malum perforans pedis. — 
der'mo-syph-i-lop'a-thy, any syphilitic skin dis¬ 
ease.— der-mot'o-my = dermatotomy. 
der-my-per'tro-phy. Hypertrophy of the skin, 
der-o-did'y-mus. A monstrosity with one body, two 
heads, and two necks, 
der-o-spas'mus. Cramp of the neck, 
der-ra'tion. Union of the serum complement with 
the intermediary body separately from the cell. 


der'rid. An extremely poisonous acid resin in the 
root {tuba root) of Der'ris ellip'tica, a leguminous 
tree of southern Asia: used by the Malays as a 
fish-poison and arrow-poison, 
de Salle’s line (de-salz). = Nasal furrow. 
des-an-i-ma'ni Amentia. 

Desauirs oanaage \ae-soz). a bandage for frac¬ 
tured clavicle: one 
roller holds an axil¬ 
lary pad in position, 
a second binds the 
arm to the side, and 
a third supports the 
elbow, which is flexed 
at right angles, the 
wrist being held by 
a sling. [ < P. J. De¬ 
sault, French surgeon, 

1744-1795.] 

Descemet’s membrane 

(des-mez). A firm, 
thin, glass-like, elas¬ 
tic membrane lining 
the cornea posteriorly and supporting the endo¬ 
thelium; Demours’s membrane; posterior elastic- 
lamina; membrana duddeliana; membrana hu- 
moris aquosi. [<J. Descemet, French physician, 
1732-1810.] fdes-ce-me-ti'tis, inflammation of 
Descemet’s membrane, des-ce-met'o-cele, hernia 
of Descemet’s membrane; keratocele. 
descen'dens no'ni. A bundle of fibres derived from 
the cervical nerves, associated with and forming 
an apparent branch of the hypoglossal nerve, 
given off at the point where the latter bends 
round the occipital artery, and running down¬ 
ward on the sheath of the great vessels to be 
joined by the communicantes hypoglossi in form¬ 
ing the ansa hypoglossi; descendens hypoglossi. 
de-scend'ing. Tending gradually downward. D. 
aorta, aorta. D. artery, a branch of the ex¬ 
ternal circumflex artery distributed to the muscles 
of the thigh. Superficial d. artery, a branch of 
the superior thyroid artery distributed to the 
stemomastoid muscle and adjacent parts of the 
neck; middle mastoid artery. D. colon, colon. 
D. convolution, a convolution of the occipital lobe 
of the brain, behind the postcalcarine fissure. D. 
cornu = CORNU medium. D. current = centrif¬ 
ugal CURRENT. D. degeneration, wallerian degen¬ 
eration affecting centrifugal fibres. D. myelitis, 
myelitis in which the inflammation extends 
downward. D. neuritis, neuritis extending from 
the brain or the spinal cord toward the periph¬ 
ery. D. radicle, the fibres of the fornix run¬ 
ning from the optic thalami to the corpora albi- 
cantia. D. ramus of the ischium, a portion of 
the ischium forming the posterior border of the 
obturator foramen. D. ramus of the pubic bone, 
a portion of the os pubis which passes downward 
and outward to articulate with the ischium. D. 
root, those fibres of the motor root of the fifth 
nerve which arise from the gray matter of the 
sylvian aqueduct. D. tract, any centrifugal nerve- 
tract. [< L. descen'dere to descend.] 
descen'sus ventric'uli. = Gastroptosis. 
de-scent' stage. That stage of labor in which the 
head of the foetus descends into the pelvis. D. 
of the womb = PROLAPSE of the uterus. 
Deschamps’s angle (de-sh 4 hz). =Iniofacial an¬ 
gle. D.’s compressor, an instrument for direct 
compression of an artery. D.’s needle, a needle 
mounted on a handle, for ligating arteries. 



Third Roller of Desault’s 
Band.\ge. 




DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY 


266 


DEUTERO- 


de-scrip'tive anatomy. Anatomy which gives an 
account of the situation, form, and relative attach¬ 
ments of the various parts, 
de-seg-men-ta'tion. Union of two or more seg¬ 
ments of a part into one. 
de-sen-si-bil-i-za'tion. [ 1 [ I. M. ’lo.] 

Desh'ler’s salve. =Ceratum resin^e compositum*. 
des-hy-drae'mi a. Lack of water in the blood, 
des-ic-ca'tion. The act of drying. [< L. de in¬ 
tensive + sicca're to dry.] fdes'ic-cant. des'ic- 
cate. des'ic-ca- 
tive. des'ic-ca- 
tor, a tightly cov¬ 
ered vessel of 
glass or porcelain 
with an arrange¬ 
ment for absorb¬ 
ing moisture, in 
which substances 
to be dried are 
placed. 

des-mal'gi a. Pain 
in the ligaments, 
des-ma-tur'gi a. 

The art of band¬ 
aging; desmurgy. 
des-mi-og'na-thus. A monster with a supernume¬ 
rary head attached to the chief foetus by muscle 
and skin but not by bone, 
des-mi'tis. Inflammation of a ligament, 
des'mo-. Binding; pertaining to a bandage, liga¬ 
ment, or connective tissue; a combining form. 
[<_ dsa/xo^ ligament.] des-mo-bac-te'ri um, any 
filamentous rod^shaped bacterium. — des-mo- 
chau-no'sis, relaxation of a ligament.—■ des-mo- 
dro'mic movements, movements closely con¬ 
nected with each other, as rotation of the tibia 
combined with flexion of the knee near the 
position of full extension of the limb.-— des-mo- 
dyn'ia, pain in a ligament. — des-mog'ra-phy, a 
description of the ligaments. — des-mo-hae'mo- 
blast = PARABLAST, def. 4. — des'moid. i. Resem¬ 
bling a bundle, as certain fibrous tumors with the 
fibres arranged in bundles. 2. Resembling a liga¬ 
ment, as D. cancer, Hodgkin’s disease: D. test, 
^ Sahli’s desmoid test: and D. tumor, a hard 
fibrous tumor.— des-mol'o-gy. i. A treatise on the 
ligaments; the science of the ligaments. 2. The 
art of bandaging, or a treatise on bandages.— 
des-mo'ma, a connective^tissue tumor, or fibroma. 
—des'mon = amboceptor. — des-mo-ne'o-plasm, 
a connectivestissue neoplasm.— des-mop'-a-thy, 
any disease of the ligaments.— des-mo-pex'i a, 
attaching the round ligament to the abdom¬ 
inal wall.— des-mo-phlo-go'sis, inflammation of a 
ligament.— des-mor-rhex'is, rupture of a ligament. 
— des-mo'sis, any disease of connective tissue, es¬ 
pecially of that of the skin.— des-mot'o-my. i. 
That part of anatomy which teaches the dissection 
of ligaments. 2. The surgical cutting of a ligament, 
des'mur-gy. The branch of surgery dealing with 
bandaging and the employment of other appa¬ 
ratus. [< deafxa band + ipyov work.] 
des-ox'y-a-liz'a-rin. = Anthrarobin. 
des-pu-ma'tion. The act of clarifying; depuration, 
des-qua-ma'tion. The separation of laminae or scales 
from the skin or from mucous or serous surfaces, 
or from bones; exfoliation: furfuraceous when in 
small, brandike particles (defurfuration) ; lamellar 
or membranous when in large flakes; siliquous 
when dried and empty vesicles resembling siliques 
are cast off from the skin. fdes-quam'a-tive, 


characterized by desquamation, as D. nephritis 
nephritis; D. otitis, otitis with epithelial hy¬ 
perplasia and desquamation: and D. pneumonia, 

tS- PNEUMONIA. 

des-sert'spoon*ful, pi. -juls. A measure approxi¬ 
mately equal to 10 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms. 

Dest., Destil. Abbr. for L. desiil'la distil, or for L. 

destilla'tus distilled. ^ Distillation. 
de-struc'tive. Causing destruction. D. distillation, 
the decomposition of dry bodies by heat in one 
vessel and collection of the products in another. 
D. lesion, a lesion producing or attended with de¬ 
struction of the part. D. metabolism, metab¬ 
olism. D, metamorphosis = retrograde met¬ 
amorphosis. 

des-u-da'tion. i. Excessive sweating. 2. An erup¬ 
tion in children. 

de-sul-phu-ra'tion. Deprivation of sulphur, 

Det. Abbr. for L. de'tur, let it be given, 
de-tach'ment of the retina. Separation of the retina 
from the choroid. 

de-tan'na-ted. Deprived of tannin. D. tincture of 
cinchona = TiNCTURA cinchonas detannata. 
de-ter'gent. i. Purifying; cleansing. 2. A medicine 
which cleanses wounds and ulcers; also, a sub¬ 
stance which cleans the skin. [< L. deterge're to 
cleanse by wiping.] 

de-ter'mi-nant. A component of the id which cor¬ 
responds to a particular area of the organism, 
de-ter-mi-na'tion. i. A tending; a moving, as of 
the motion of blood or pus in a given direction, 
due to gravity or pressure. 2. Active congestion. 
de-thy'roi-dism, Athyrl\ or athyroidation, espe¬ 
cially after removal of the thyroid gland, 
det-o-na'tion. Instantaneous combustion with loud 
explosion; the noise produced in very rapid 
chemical combinations or decompositions, or in 
a sudden change of state or volume without a 
change of chemical properties, 
de-tor'sion. The restoration of a part abnormally 
twisted. [ < h. de priv. -f tor'sio twist.] 
de-tox-i-ca'tion. Destructive to injurious sub¬ 
stances. tde-tox'i-ca-ting. de-tox'i-fy-ing, as 
the D. function of the liver. 
de-trac'tion. r. A drawing away; abduction. 2. 

A drawing off, as of blood. [< L. detrac'tio.] 
de-tri'tion. The wearing away, as of the teeth, by 
friction. [< L. detri'tio.] 

de-tri'tus. The debris resulting from friction; the 
granular remains of any broken=down tissue; 
especially, the final product of fatty degeneration. 

[ < L. deter'ere to wear away.] fde-tri'tal. 

De'tre differential test. The cutaneous reaction to 
tuberculin, Pirquet’s reaction. 
de-trun-ca'tion. Decapitation of a foetus. • 
detru'sor uri'nae. i. The muscular coat of the 
bladder, composed of three layers, the contrac¬ 
tion of which expels the urine. 2. The external 
or longitudinal muscular layer of the bladder, 
de-tu-mes'cence. The diminution of a swelling, 
Intumescence. [< h . de neg . + Himes'cere to sweW .^ 
deu-ten-ceph'a-lon. = Thalamencephalon. 
deu'ter-an-ope, -o'psia. Protanope. 
deu-te'ri on. The secundines; aftersbirth. [L.] 
deu'te-ro-. Second: a combining form. [< deprepof 
second.] deu‘te-ro=al'bu-mose, a soluble albumose 
formed in gastric digestion of proteid after 
syntonin, proto=albumose, and hetero^albumose; 
deuteroproteose: corresponding products of the 
digestion of special proteids have been named 
deu-te-ro-ca'se-ose, deu-te-rose-las'tose, deuffe-ro- 
gel'a-tose, deu-te-ro-my-o'si-nose, deu'te-ro-vi- 



























DEUTHYALOSOME 


267 DEXTRO- 


tel'lose, etc. — deu-te-rop'a-thy, a sympathetic 
aflfection, or one consequent upon another; a 
secondary disease, Idiopathy; protopathia. 
tdeu-te-ro-path'ic. — deu-te-ro'pine, an alkaloid 
of opium, C23H.2 jN 05, homologous with crypto¬ 
pine.— deu'te-ro-plasm, the nutritive portion of 
the ovum yolk.— deu'te-ro-pro'te-ose = deutero* 
ALBUMOSE. — deu-te-ros'co-py = second sight. 
— deu'te-ro-tox'in, that part of a toxin which com¬ 
bines with antitoxin less readily than the proto¬ 
toxin part, but more readily than the tritotoxin. 

deu-thy-al'o-some. The matured nucleus of an 
ovum; the female pronucleus after the formation 
of the polar bodies and before its union with 
the male pronucleus, Prothyalosoma. 

deu-ti'o-dide. =Disiodide. 

deu'to-. Second; di-: a combining form. [< dee- 
TEpug second.] deu-to-bro'mide = dibromide.— 
deu-tosi'o-dide =di=iodide. — deu-to-ni'trate = di- 
nitr.\te. — deu'to-plasm =deuteroplasm. fdeu- 
to-plas'mic. — deu-top-sy'che = thalamencepha- 
LON. — deu-to-sco'lex, the secondary form of the 
bladdersworm; cysticercus. — deu-to-sper-mat'- 
o-blast, any one of the cells formed by the 
division of the protospermatoblasts or mother 
cells; daughter cell. They develop into sper- 
matozoids. — deu-to-sul'phide = disulphide. — 
deu-tox'ide = dioxide. 

de-vag-i-na'tion. i. Protrusion of an invaginated 
part or organ. 2. Reduction of an invagination. 

de-val'gate. Having splay-legs; knock-kneed; also, 
incorrectly, bow-legged. 

de've-hent. Efferent or centrifugal. [ < L. de'vehens.] 

de-vel'op-ment. Evolution; the organic change from 
the embryo state to maturity; growth; a prog¬ 
ress from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous, 
from the simple to the complex, fde-vel-op-men'- 
tal, belonging to or connected with development, 
as D. diseases. 

Dev'en-ter’s diameter. The oblique diameter of the 
pelvis. D.’s method, a method of delivery, occa¬ 
sionally possible, by extracting the after-coming 
head between the extended arms of the foetus. 

Devergie’s disease (de-ver-zhiz). = Dermatitis e.x- 

FOLIATIVA or PITYRIASIS RUBRA. 

de-vi-a'tion. i. Variation or departure from an 
established rule or standard; an improper direc¬ 
tion of certain parts of the system. e^Conju- 
G.\TE, minimum, PRIMARY, SECONDARY, and STRA¬ 
BISMIC DEVIATION. 2. Deflexion; diversion. D. 
of complement, the inhibition of an immune reac¬ 
tion such as bacteriolysis by a serum containing 
large amounts of immune body, the complement 
uniting chiefly with the free amboceptors, and 
little or none of it being left for the combination 
of amboceptor and cell-receptor; diversion of 
complement ; Neisser-Wechsberg phenomenon ; 
Komplementahlenkung (Ger.): often loosely used 
for FIXATION OF COMPLEMENT, binding of comple¬ 
ment, Komplementbindung (Ger.), Komplement- 
verankerung (Ger.), Bordet-Gengou reaction. 
WaSSERMANN’S REACTION. 

dev'il’s apple. The drug, plant, or fruit of either 
Podophyllum* or stramonium*. D.’s bit = 
Cham^lirium luteum. False d.’s bit = Aletris 
FARINOSA. D.’s bite = LlATRIS SPICATA. D.’S 
darning needle = Clematis. D.’s dung = asa- 

FCETiDA*. d.’s ear = Arum TRiPHYLLUM. D.’s hair 

='Clematis. D.’s root = Eupatorium purpu- 
REUM. D.’s shoestring = Tephrosia. D.’s trumpet 
= stramonium*. D.’s turnip ^ bryoni.\. 

de-vir-gi-na'tion. —Defloration. 


de-vi’tal-i-za'tion. The act of depriving of vitality, 
fde-vi'tal-ize. 

Dev'on-shire colic. = Lead colic. 
de-vor'a-tive capsule. A soluble capsule, as of gela¬ 
tin, for enclosing a dose to be swallowed, 
dew. Moisture precipitated at night from the 
atmosphere upon the surface of bodies whose 
temperature has been lowered by radiation of 
heat. Dew'scure = Kneip’s method. D.spoint, 
the temperature of the atmosphere, for any given 
degree of humidity, at which moisture begins to 
deposit as dew. D.=worm, the earth-worm: used 
locally, especially in Russia, as a diuretic, 
dew'ber-ry. = Rubus canadensis. 

De-wees’s' carminative. A mixture containing mag¬ 
nesium carbonate, tincture of asafoetida, and 
tincture of opium; mistura magnesiae et asafoe- 
tidae of the 1880 U. S. P. D.’s tincture of guaiac 

= TINCTURA GUAIACI COMPOSITA*. 

dex-i-o-car'di a. A malformation in which the heart 
is on the right side of the body, est Situs trans- 
VERSUS. [< de^Log right Kapdia heart.] 

dex-tau-ric*u-lo-sep-to-le-vau-ric'u-lar heart=block. 

E^ He.A-RT-BLOCK. 

dex'ter. Situated on the right side. [L.] 
dex'trad. Toward the right side, 
dex'tral. Pertaining to the right side, 
dex-tral'i-ty. i. The state of being on the right 
side. 2. The state of being right-handed, 
dex'tran. A stringy, gelatinous substance formed 
by the action (dextran fermentation or frog=spawn 
fermentation) of a bacterium, Streptococ'cus (Leu- 
conos'toc) mesenterioi'des, on dextrose; viscose. 
It occurs in unripe beet-root, in the fermentation 
of milk, sugar, and molasses, 
dex'trin. i. Any member of a class of amorphous, 
soluble carbohydrates, derived from starch as the 
first products of hydrolysis. They form glutin¬ 
ous dextrorotatory solutions which do not reduce 
alkaline copper solutions or undergo fermenta¬ 
tion by yeast, and on complete hydration they 
yield only dextrose, in contradistinction to vege¬ 
table gums and mucilages. Dextrin is formed 
from starch by several animal and vegetable fer¬ 
ments, and its formation may be used as a test 
of digestive efficiency. 2. The commercial prod¬ 
uct of starch-hydrolysis by either dry or moist 
heat; British gum: a white or yellowish amor¬ 
phous powder or solid used like acacia as an 
excipient, adhesive, emulsifier, etc. The white 
variety generally contains starch, is soluble only 
on heating, and gelatinizes on cooling; the yellow 
dextrin is starch-free and dissolves in about 
twice its weight of cold water, ts- Achroodex- 
TRIN, amylodextrin, erythrodextrin, malto- 
dextrin. D. bandage, an immovable bandage 
prepared with dextrin, alcohol, and water. D. 
mucilage = mucilago dextrine 
dex'tro-. On the right side; to the right; a com¬ 
bining form. [< L. dex'ter right.] dex-tro- 
, car'dia = dexiocardia. — dex-tro-co'caine, an 
artificial dextrorotatory cocaine.— dex-tro=com'- 
pound, any dextrorotatory compound, as dis¬ 
tinguished from Icevo-, meso-, inactive, and racemic 
compounds. — dex-troc'u-lar'i-ty — right-eyed- 
NEss.— dex-tro-glu'cose = GLUCOSE, def. i.— dex- 
tro-gy'rate, dex'tro-gyre = dextrorotatory. 
— dex-tro-li'che-nin, a variety of lichenin that is 
colored blue by iodine.— dex-tro-men'thol, an 
oxidation product of menthol.— dex-tron'ic acid 
= GLUcoNiG ACID. —dex-tro-ro'ta-to-ry, dex'tro- 
ro'ta-ry, turning the plane of polarization to the 


DEZYM 0 TI 2 E 


268 


DIADERMATIC 


left, or counter-clockwise. The rotation appears 
clockwise or to the right only when viewed by 
looking backward toward the source of light.— 
dex'trose = glucose, def. i.— dex'tro-tar-tar'ic 
acid, the ordinary tartaric acid of vegetable origin: 
so called because dextrorotatory.— dex-tro-ver'- 
sion, version or abnormal inclination to the right, 
as D. of the uterus, when its fundus is directed 
toward the right. 

de-zy'mo-tize. To deprive of germs or ferments, 
dhac, dhac tree. =Butea frondos.a.. 

Dho'bie (Dho'bee) itch. = M.\nil.\ itch, 
di-. A prefix meaning “ two” or “ twice,” 
di'a-. A prefix meaning ” through” or “apart.” 
di-a-ben'zene. = Diazobenzene. 
di-a-be'tes, i. = D. mellitus. 2. A morbid chronic 
polyuria, associated with thirst and often with 
wasting, and with the presence of abnormal con¬ 
stituents in the urine. Bronzed d., the diabetic 
stage of haemochromatosis. D. decip'iens, diabe¬ 
tes mellitus with a diminished amount of urinary 
secretion. D. inosi'tus, diabetes with the excre¬ 
tion of iNosiTE. D. insip'idus, a rare disease char¬ 
acterized by chronic polyuria, the urine having 
a low specific gravity but being free from sugar: 
usually with dryness of the skin and polydipsi.\; 
sometimes with polyphagia or with wasting. D. 
melli'tus, a disorder of metabolism characterized 
by chronic hyperglycaemia and glycosuria on a 
diet not containing excessive amounts of sugar, 
and associated with polyuria, polydipsia, poly¬ 
phagia, emaciation, often dryness of the mouth 
and skin, sometimes boils, carbuncles, spontane¬ 
ous gangrene, loss of sexual power, or nervous 
affections. It is commoner in the neurotic races, 
classes, and individuals, and may follow a lesion 
of the brain (Bernard’s diabetic centre), of the 
pancreas (islands of Langerhans), or perhaps of 
the liver. D. phosphat'ica, diabetes with exces¬ 
sive excretion of phosphates: generally without 
glycosuria. D. spu'rius = D. insipidus. D. ve'rus 
= D. mellitus. D.sweed = Actinomeris heli- 
ANTHOiDES. [< did thtovigh. + f^atveIV to go.] 
ii-a-bet'ic. i. A person suffering from diabetes. 
2. Pertaining to diabetes. D. amaurosis, fs- 
AMAUROSis. D. asthma, asthma due to diabetes. 
D. bread, bread made from D. flour. D. cataract, 
a form of cataract frequently associated with dia¬ 
betes. D. centre, a centre in the medulla ob¬ 
longata, stimulation of which causes glycosuria. 
D. coma, coma in diabetes, due to acid-intoxica¬ 
tion with /^i-oxybutyric acid: more common on a 
carbohydrate-free diet, and in children. D. diet, 
a diet with carbohydrates reduced or eliminated. 
D. ear, a severe otitis media, with bone-destruc¬ 
tion, in diabetes. D. flour, flour containing little 
or no carbohydrate: used in diabetic foods. Al- 
euronat, almond-flour, cocoanut-flour, and ground 
soja beans have been used. D. food, a food con¬ 
taining little or no carbohydrate; especially, a 
substitute for ordinary bread, as bread or rolls 
made from the gluten obtained by washing most 
of the starch out of wheat flour, bread toasted 
until most of the starch has been destroyed, and 
foods made from any diabetic flour. D. gan¬ 
grene, moist gangrene in diabetes, usually begin¬ 
ning in the toe or heel and slowly spreading. D. 
neuritis, multiple neuritis from diabetes. i^Neu- 
RiTis TOXICA. D. phthisis, phthisis secondary to 
diabetes. D. puncture, puncture of the diabetic 
centre, producing diabetes. D. retinitis, hemor¬ 
rhagic and degenerative retinitis from diabetes : 


bilateral, and often associated with cataract, D. 
sugar, the sugar excreted in diabetes. D. tabes, a 
form of diabetic neuritis resembling tabes. D. 
urine, the sugar-containing urine of diabetes, 
di-a-be'tide. A lesion of the skin in diabetes, 
di-a-be'tin. A proprietary levulose. 
di-a-be'to-graph. An instrument for performing a 
quantitative Fehling’s test, 
di-a-be-tom'e-ter. A polariscope for estimating the 
percentage of sugar in diabetic urine, 
di-a-be-toph'thi-sis. i. Phthisis resulting from dia¬ 
betes. [< Diabetes + PHTHISIS.] 2. = Gallop¬ 
ing CONSUMPTION. [< dLajSatveiv to stride.] 
di-a-bo-lep'tic. An insane person who believes him¬ 
self to have supernatural communications, 
di-a-bro'sis. A corrosion or penetration by ulcera¬ 
tion. fdi-a-brot'ic. 

di-a-ca-thol'i-con. A purgative electuary, 
di-a-caus'tic. r. A double convex lens used in cau¬ 
tery. 2. Thoroughly or effectively caustic, 
di'a-cele. = Diaccele. 

di-a-cet-am'ide. A white, amorphous substance, 
(C 2 H 30 ) 2 NH. 

di-ac'e-tate. A salt with two acetic acid equivalents, 
di-a-ce'tic acid. A monobasic acid, CH3-CO-CH2- 
COOH, produced in the body from / 9 -oxybutyric 
acid in diabetes, starvation, etc. 
di-ac'e-tin. A bitter liquid, C3H5(0H)(0C2H30)2. 
formed by the action of glacial acetic acid upon 
glycerin; acetidin. 

di-ac-e-tu'ri a. The presence of diacetic acid in the 
urine. [< Diacetic acid -f ovpov urine.] 
di-ace-tyl-mor'phine. = Heroin. 
di-ac’e-tyl-per-ox'ide. An antiseptic, CH3CO-O-O- 
COCH3, used in solution like hydrogen peroxide. 
di-ac*e-tyl-tan'nin. =Tannigen. 
di -a-cho-re'sis. The passage of the faeces. [Gr.] 
fdi-a-cho-ret'ic, laxative. 

di-ach'y-lon, di-ach'y-lum. i. Formerly, a plaster 
from expressed juices. 2. Now, =emplastrum 
PLUMB i*. D. ointment = unguentum diachy¬ 
lon*. D. plaster = EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI*. 
di-ac'id. Doubly acid; having an acidity of two. 
di -a-cla'si a. Amputation by breaking the bone and 
then cutting the soft parts with a bistoury, 
di'a-clast. A perforator for the fetal head in cra¬ 
niotomy. [< diaKkdv to break through.] f^i-a- 
clas'tic, as D. amputation, amputation performed 
by breaking the bone and then dividing the soft 
parts with an 4 craseur. 

di'a-clysm. A modification of Cantani’s treatment 
of Asiatic cholera by rinsing the intestinal canal 
with large amounts (5 to 15 litres) of fluid, 
di-a-co'di um. The old name of syrup of poppies, 
di'a-coele, di-a-coe'li a. The third ventricle, 
di -ac'o-pe. A fracture or wound of the cranium 
with no splintering of the bone. [Gr.] 
di-ac'ri-ses. PI. of diacrisis, def. 2. 
di-a-cris-i-og'ra-phy. A treatise on secretion and 
on the secreting organs. 

di -ac'ri-sis. i. The distinguishing of diseases by 
considering their symptoms, Diagnosis. 2. 
A disease which causes morbid changes in the 
secretions. [< dianpiveLv to distinguish.] 
di-a-crit'ic. = Diagnostic. 
di'ad. A bivalent element or radical, 
di'a-derm. The blastoderm at the stage of its 
development when two of the three formative 
layers are present, viz., the ectoderm and the 
entoderm. [< 6 l^ twice + dkppa skin.] 
di-a-der-mat'ic, di-a-der'mic. Administered through 
the skin. [< (ha through -f deppa skin.] 


DIAPHORESIS 


DIADEXIS 269 


di-a-dex'is, di-ad'o-che. Change of one disease 
into another of different nature and situation, 
di-ad'o-ko-ki-ne'sis. A name given by Babinski to 
the difficulty in executing rapidly repeated move¬ 
ments: often seen in cerebellar disease, commonly 
tested by asking the patient to touch an object 
alternately with the back and the front of the 
hand in rapid succession, Adiadokokinesis. 

e-sis. A division of parts resulting from a 
wound, an ulcer, a bum, or the like; a solution 
of continuity, fdi-ae-ret'ic, having power to di¬ 
vide, dissolve, or corrode; escharotic; corrosive, 
di-ag-no'sis, pi. -no'ses. i. The art or science of signs 
or symptoms by which one disease is distin¬ 
guished from another. 2. The determination 
of the nature of a case of di!?ease by examination. 
i^Semeiosis. D. by exclusion, diagnosis by ex¬ 
cluding one disease after another till only one dis¬ 
ease is left to account for the symptoms, Dif¬ 
ferential, DIRECT, PATHOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL, 
SYMPTOMATIC, and TOPOGRAPHICAL DIAGNOSIS. 

[< (^layiyv^aKELv to discern.] fdi'ag-nose. 
di-ag-nos'tic. r. Relating to diagnosis. 2. Dis¬ 
tinctive ; of sufficient value to enable one to make 
a diagnosis. 3. A symptom of value in diagnosis. 
D. incision, an incision made for the purpose of 
diagnosis. D. tube = otoscope, def. i. fdi-ag- 
nos'ti-cate = Di.\GNOSE. di'ag-nos-ti'cian, di'ag- 
nost, one skilled in diagnosis, di-ag-nos'tics, the 
art of diagnosis; symptomatology, 
di-ag-o-gom'e-ter, di-a-gom'e-ter. An apparatus for 
measuring electric conduc¬ 
tivity. 

di-ag'o-nal conjugate. —Con¬ 
jugate DIAMETER, 
di'a-gram. A graphic or sche¬ 
matic figure drawn for illus¬ 
tration or explanation, or 
for the demonstration of a 
proposition. 

di'a-graph. An apparatus for 
recording outlines: used in 
craniometry, etc. 
di-a-hy'dric. Through fluid: 
applied to percussion* 
sounds heard through a layer of liquid, 
di-al'lyl. A volatile liquid, (03115)2, whose molecule 
consists of two allyl radicals, 
di-al'ly-lene. A hydrocarbon, C^Hg. 
di-al-u'ric acid. The ureide of tartronic acid, sup¬ 
posed to be one of the intermediate products 
in the physiological synthesis of uric acid, 
fdi-al'u-rate. 

di-al'y-sis. i. Solution; relaxation; disintegration; 
separation; especially, fracture of a bone. D. of 
the iris = iridodialysis. 2. Weakness of the 
limbs, as if from softening. 3. Separation of 
crystalloid from colloid substances by allowing 
the former to pass through a semipermeable 
membrane from the mixed solution on one side 
into water on the other; also, this process of dif¬ 
fusion, applied to the crystalloid, Osmosis. 
fdi-al'y-sate. di'a-lyzed, prepared by dialysis, 
as D. iron, the faintly astringent, unstable solu¬ 
tion of ferric hydroxide from which most of the 
chloride has been removed by dialysis: used in 
anaemia and in arsenical poisoning, di'a-ly-zer, an 
apparatus for performing dialysis: commonly a 
membranous sack of parchment paper or of collo¬ 
dion suspended in running water, 
di-a-mag'net-ism. The property of being repelled 
by the magnet or of assuming an east*and»west 



position when placed in a field of magnetic influ¬ 
ence. fdi’a-mag-net'ic, as D. substances, sub¬ 
stances which cannot be magnetized, 
di'a-mes-os-te-om'y-ces. A fungous growth in the 
interior of a bone. 

di-am'e-ter. A straight line passing across a sur¬ 
face, or through a solid or cavity: usually the 
diameter passes through the centre, cutting the 
periphery on opposite sides. For varieties of 
diameter, see the qualifying terms. t<ii"^“niet'ric, 
di-a-met'ri-cal. di'a-me-tros'co-py, the measure¬ 
ment of diameters. 

di-am'ide, di-am'ine. A substance whose molecule 
contains two amide or amine groups: used in com¬ 
bination, as di-am'i-do- and di-am'i-no-. Diamine 
is sometimes used as a name for hydrazine, di- 
am'i-no-eth'ane silver nitrate = ARGENTAMiNE. di- 
am-i-nu'ria, the presence of diamines in the urine, 
di-a-mo-to'sis. Dressing a wound or an ulcer by 
inserting lint. [< did through -f- /uordg lint.] 
Diamphid'ia. A genus of African beetles whose 
larvas furnish a native arrow*poison. 
di-am'yl ketone. = Caprone. 
di-am'yl-ene. = Dipentene. 

Dianella. A genus of liliaceous plants. D. ensifo'- 
lia and D. odora'ta are diuretic. [L.] 
di'a-nol I. Glycerin monolactate. D. II, glycerin 
dilactate; cauterizant in nasopharyngeal affec¬ 
tions. 

Dian'thus. A genus of caryophyllaceous plants, 
the pinks. Various species are employed in 
domestic medicine, being mildly diaphoretic and 
stimulant. The flowers of D. caryophyl'lus, the 
clove*pink, are used for flavoring, 
di-a-pa'son. i. In music, (a) an octave; (b) a 
foimdation stop; (c) a standard of pitch, as 
Normal d., the French legal standard of 1859, 
435 vibrations per second for the note a' (la^). 
2. A tuningsfork: used in diagnosing ear diseases, 
"di-a-pe-de'sis. i. The oozing of blood through the 
skin. 2. The passive migration of red blood* 
corpuscles through minute openings in injured 
walls of capillaries, as in inflammation. 
H^matidrosis ; hemorrhage, fdi-a-pe-det'ic. 
di-a-pen'te. A preparation of five ingredients, as 
an electuary of aristolochia root, myrrh, laurel* 
berries, ivory filings, and gentian root: formerly 
much prized as a general tonic. [Gr.] 
di^a-phane. The investing membrane of a cell. 
di*a-pha-ne'i-ty. The property of transmitting light 
to a greater or less degree: common to many 
bodies. Transparency is the highest degree, 
grading down through semitransparency, translu- 
cence, and subtranslucence. 
di'a-pha-nom'e-ter. A device for testing the purity 
or constitution of liquids (as urine, alcohol, or 
milk) by comparing the light transmitted through 
the test liquid with that through a standard of 
known purity or constitution, 
di-a-phan'o-scope. A device for examining closed 
cavities of the body by means of an introduced 
electric light, whose rays are transmitted through 
the walls, fdi'a-pha-nos'co-py. 
di-aph'a-nous. Transparent or translucent. D. 
test, an unreliable test for death: the fingers are 
held toward a strong light, and a red color (due 
to circulating blood) is supposed to indicate the 
presence of life, Magnus’s sign. 
di*a-phe-met'ric compasses. Compasses with a grad¬ 
uated scale, used as an aesthesiometer. 
di‘a-pho-re'sis. A state of perspiration; profuse per¬ 
spiration. ^Ephidrosis. 



DIAPHORETIC 


270 


DIARTHRODIAL 


di*a-pho-ret'ic. i. Causing perspiration. 2. A medi¬ 
cine producing diaphoresis, or the secretion of 
sweat. Sedative diaphoretics act by dilating the 
cutaneous vessels, and include the warm bath 
and certain cardiac sedatives and nauseants, such 
as aconite, ipecac, salicylic acid, and tartar 
emetic. Stimulant diaphoretics act by stimulat¬ 
ing the circulation in the skin, and include the 
cold bath, hot drinks, and alcoholic liquors. 
D. antimony, a preparation made by deflagrat¬ 
ing pure antimony with potassium nitrate; 
formerly used in medicine. [ < dia^npelv to carry 
thmugh.] 

di-a-pho'to-scope. An endoscope containing a small 
incandescent lamp. 

di'a-phragm. i. A thin muscular and tendinous 
septum or partition, found in all mammals, 
separating the thorax from the abdomen and 
perforated by the inferior vena cava, the 
aorta, and the oesophagus; midriff; diaphragnia*. 
D. phenomenon = Litten’s sign, def. 2. 2. A 



Inferior View of Diaphragm.— i, 2,3. The three lobes 
of the central tendon, surrounded by the fleshy fasci¬ 
cles derived from the inferior margin of the thorax, 
the crura (4, 5), and the arcuate ligaments ( 6 , 7). 8 . 
Aortic opening. 9. Oesophageal opening. 10. Caval 
opening, ii. Psoas muscle. 12. Quadrate lumbar 
muscle. (Leidy.) 

partition running across a cavity. 3. A disk 
with one or more openings mounted in front of a 
lens to cut off part of the light; stop. Iris d., 
. a diaphragm with an adjustable aperture 
formed by overlapping leaves which enclose a 
nearly circular opening. D. opening, the open¬ 
ing in a microscopical diaphragm. [< 6 Ld(j)pay/j.a 
diaphragm.] 

diaphrag'ma*. i. = Diaphragm, def. i. 2. A par¬ 
tition. D. pel'vis*, the part of the pelvic floor 
formed by the levatores ani. D. sel'lse*, a 
small annular fold of the dura mater roofing 
in the pituitary fossa, and having a small aper¬ 
ture in the centre which transmits the infundibu¬ 
lum. D. urogenitaTe* = TRIANGULAR ligament, 

def. I. 

di-a-phrag-mal'gi a, di"a-phrag-ma-tal'gi a. Pain in 
the diaphragm. 

di’a-phrag-mat'ic. Belonging to the diaphragm. D. 
arteries = phrenic arteries. D. chorea, a pecu¬ 
liar cry heard in tic non*douloureux; laryngeal 


chorea. D. foramina, canals through the dia¬ 
phragm, transmitting the aorta, oesophagus, and 
inferior vena cava. D. ganglion, a small gan¬ 
glion on the under surface of the diaphragm 
at the junction of some of the branches of the 
right phrenic nerve with the phrenic plexus; 
phrenic ganglion. D. gout, angina pectoris. D. 
hernia, a hernia through the diaphragm. D. peri¬ 
tonitis, inflammation of the peritoneum on the 
underside of the diaphragm. D. phenomenon = 
Litten’s sign, def. 2. D. pleura, the reflection of 
the pleura on the upper surface of the diaphragm. 
D. pleurisy, inflammation of the diaphragmatic 
pleura. D. plexus = phrenic plexus. D. res¬ 
piration, respiration produced chiefly by the con¬ 
traction of the diaphragm; abdominal respiration. 
D. rheumatism, rheumatism of the diaphragm. 
D. ring, the foramen quadratum of the diaphragm, 
transmitting the inferior vena cava. 
di*a-phrag-ma-ti'tis. Inflammation of the dia¬ 
phragm: an occasional term for partial pleurisy 
in which the effused fluid is between the base of 
the lung and the diaphragm, 
di’a-phrag-mat'o-cele. = Diaphragmatic hernia. 
di-a-phrag-mel-co'sis. Ulceration of the diaphragm, 
di'a-phrag-mi'tis. = Diaphragmatitis. 
di*a-phrag-mo-dyn'i a. Pain in the diaphragm, 
di-aph'the-rin. A soluble yellow powder, composed 
of two equivalents of oxyquinolin and one 
of aseptol; oxyquinaseptol; it has been used 
as a surgical antiseptic, but attacks steel instru¬ 
ments. 

di‘a-phy-lac'tic. = Prophylactic. 
di-aph'y-sis*. The shaft of a long bone. k®* Epi¬ 
physis. fdi-a-phys'e al. di-a-phy-si'tis. 
di-a-pla'sis. The reduction of a luxation or the 
setting of a fracture. [< didrcXaciGEiv to set in 
order.] fdi-a-plas'tic. i. Relating to diaplasis. 
2. A medicine for fractures and dislocations, 
di-a-plex'us, di'a-plex. The choroid plexus of the 
diacoele, or third ventricle, fdi-a-plex'al. 
di-ap'no-e. Gentle or insensible perspiration; tran¬ 
spiration. [< did through -f tcveiv to breathe.] 
fdi-ap-nog'e-nous gland = sudoriparous gland. 
di-ap-no'ic, relating to or causing diapnoe, as 
a drug. 

di-a-poph'y-sis. The upper transverse process of a 
vertebra, or its homologue. [< did between fl- 
diTocpveIV to arise from.] fdi’a-po-phys'i al. 
di‘a-py-e'sis. Suppuration. tdi‘a-py-et'ic. 
di-ar-rhe'a. = Diarrhoea, fdi-ar-rhe'al. 
di-ar-rhoe'a. A too frequent and profuse discharge 
of loose or fluid faeces, without tenesmus; purg¬ 
ing; looseness: may be acute (occasional) or 
chronic. ^ For other varieties of diarrhoea than 
those given below see the qualifying terms. 
D. ablactato'rum, the diarrhoea which follows 
rapid weaning. D, anae'mica, the diarrhoea which 
is sometimes associated with anaemia. D. car- 
no sa, dysentery in which flesh=like portions are 
voided. ^ D. chylo'sa, diarrhoea in which the dis¬ 
charge is characterized by opaque, yellowish:= 
white, mucopurulent masses. D. dentien'tium, 
diarrhoea occurring with milk dentition. D. lien- 
ter ica = lientery. D. mixture = mistura con¬ 
tra DIARRHCEAM. D. mycot'ica, diarrhoea due to 
micro-organisms. [< dm through + pom flow.] 
tdi-ar-rhm'al; di-ar-rhce'ic; di-ar-rhce-et'ic. 
di-ar-thro'di al. Belonging to diarthrosis. D. pseu¬ 
doarthrosis, a false joint which closely resem¬ 
bles a true joint, sometimes seen in cases of 
fracture. 
















DIARTHROSIS 


271 


DIBOTHRIOCEPHALUS 


di-ar-thro'sis*, pi. diarinro'ses. An articulation per¬ 
mitting the bones to move freely on each 
other in every direction, as the shoulder and 
hip joints; abarthrosis. [< (hd through, as im¬ 
plying no impediment -1- apSpov joint.] fdi-ar- 
throt'ic. 

dha-ry fever. = Ephemera. 

di'a-scope. i. A plate of glass pressed on the skin 
to observe its appearance when rendered anasmic. 
2. = Episcope, def. 2. tdi-as'co-py. 
di-as-cor'di um. An electuary of Teucrium scor- 
dium: it contains a small amount of opium, 
di- a-sos'tic. Tending to preserve health; hygienic, 
di-a-stal'sis. The process of separation or of dis¬ 
tinguishing; diagnosis by exclusion, 
di-a-stal'tic. Performed refiexly through the spinal 
marrow; said of the reflex action of the excito- 
motor system of nerves. D. arc = reflex arc. 
D. nervous system, the spinal system. [< Std 
apart + gte 7 Jxlv to send.] 
di*a-sta-sae'mi a. The brokensdown state of the 
blood elements, and especially the dissociation 
of the structural elements of the red blood=cor- 
puscles. [< didaraGip separation -|- alpa blood.] 
di'a-stase. i. An amylolytic substance produced 
during the germinating of seeds, and contained 
in malt. It performs an important part in the 
fermentation of barley and in the germination 
of seeds. The impure commercial product is a 
white, insipid, amorphous solid, soluble in water. 
2. Any amylolytic ferment. duioTavai to set 
apart.] fdi-a-stas'ic, of the nature of diastase, 
di -as'ta-sis. i. A forcible separation of bones with¬ 
out fracture. 2. Fracture at the junction of an 
epiphysis with the diaphysis. 3. Separation of 
soft parts, as D. recti, separation of the rectus 
abdominis. 

di-a-stat'ic. i. Pertaining to or of the nature of 
diastasis. 2. Diastasic. D. fermentation, fer¬ 
mentation like that produced by diastase, 
di-a-ste'ma. A space or cleft. 

di-a-stem*a-te-lyt'ri a. Longitudinal fissure of the 
vagina. [< dtdarrjpa fissure + D^vrpov vagina.] 
di -a-stem'a-to-. Relating to a fissure, especially 
longitudinal fissure; a combining form. [< 

' dcdarr/pa fissure.] di-a-stem‘a-to-chei'li a, longi¬ 
tudinal fissure of the lip.— di-a-stem‘a-to-cra'ni a, 
congenital longitudinal fissure of the cranium.— 
di-a-stem’a-to-cys'ti a, congenital fissure of the 
urinary bladder.— di-a-stem*a-to-gas'tri a, con¬ 
genital fissure of the stomachswall or abdominal 
wall.— di-a-stem’a-to-glos'si a, congenital longi¬ 
tudinal fissure of the tongue.— di-a-stem‘a-to- 
gna'thia, congenital fissure of the jaw.— di-a- 
stem*a-to-me'tri a, longitudinal fissure of the 
uterus.— di-a-stem‘a-to-my-e'li a, congenital sepa¬ 
ration of the lateral halves of the spinal cord.— 
di-a-stem’a-to-py-e'li a, congenital median fissure 
of the pelvis.— di-a-stem-a-tor-rha'chi a, longitu¬ 
dinal fissure of the spinal column.— di-a-stem^a-to- 
sta-phyl'i a, congenital fissure of the uvula.— di-a- 
stem'a-to-ster'ni a, congenital sternal fissure, 
di-as'ter. The double^star figure formed in kary- 
okinesis by the splitting of the monaster; daugh¬ 
ter star. [< dig twice or two + darpp star.] 
di-as'to-le. The dilatation of the heart, especially 
of the ventricles, during which its cavities become 
filled with blood, and by which, with its alternate 
contraction {systole), the circulation of the blood 
' is carried on. [ < diaareTJ^ELv to dilate.] -fdi-a- 
stoFic, as D. impulse, the impulse felt over the 
heart, caused by the sudden relaxation of the 


ventricles after a powerful contraction; D. mur¬ 
mur, a murmur occurring during diastole; D. 
period, the portion of the pulse ^tracing from the 
apex of the dicrotic wave to the end of the trac¬ 
ing; D. shock, a pulsation sometimes felt in the 
second or third left intercostal space, often 
accompanying closure of the pulmonary valves 
in obstruction of the pulmonary circulation; 
D. sound, the heart^sound occurring synchro¬ 
nously with the diastole; and D. thrill, a vibra¬ 
tion felt over the heart during diastole of the 
ventricles. 

di-a-streph'i a. Insanity in which the patient de¬ 
lights in acts of wickedness and cruelty, 
di-a-stro-phom'e-try. The measurement of deformi¬ 
ties. [ < diaarpocpi] distortion -\-pETpov measure.] 
di-a-tac'tic action. A supposed action consisting in 
the establishment of molecular connections be¬ 
tween brain^cells and nerve=centres preparatory 
to coordinated movements, 
di-a-te'la. = Velum interpositum. 
di -a-te'le. The roof of the third ventricle, 
di-a-ter'ma, A portion of the floor of the diacoele. 
di-a-tes'sa-ron. An electuary of four ingredients, 
di-a-ther-man'sis, di-a-ther'man-cy. Permeability 
to heat=rays. fdi-a-ther'ma-nous; di-a-ther'mal. 
di-ath'e-sin. Ortho =oxybenzyl alcohol; antirheu¬ 
matic, analgesic, and antipyretic. Dose, 0.5 Gm. 

_ ( 7 i grs.)- 

di-ath'e-sis. A particular habit or disposition of 
the body which renders it peculiarly liable to cer¬ 
tain diseases, as Gouty d.; constitutional predis¬ 
position. Dyscrasia. [K d lotL devat to arrsiXige, 
to dispose.] f di-a-thet'ic. di-a-thet'i-cal-ly. 
di'a-tom, A microscopic, unicellular plant, belong¬ 
ing to the Al'goe and characterized by a bivalvular 
celLwall of silica with delicate markings which 
make it an excellent test=object for the micro¬ 
scope ; found in fresh and salt water in all localities, 
and sometimes forming thick strata of silicious 
infusorial earth (Kieselguhr) or stone which is 
used for polishing purposes, 
di-a-tom'ic. i. Containing or composed of two 
atoms, as a molecule. 2. Containing two replace¬ 
able univalent atoms. 3. Bivalent, 
di-a-try-pe'sis. The interlocking form of cranial 
suture, as the frontal and sphenoid sutures, 
di-ax'on, A nervescell with two axons. 
di-a*zo=com'pound. A compound containing the 
group CgH5-N;N-, or a substitution product of it, 
as di-a'zo-ben'zene, a heavy aromatic yellow oil, 
CgH5N.^(OH). k^Tyrotoxicon. 
di-a‘zo=re-ac'tion. = Ehrlich’s reaction. 
di-a-zos'ter. The twelfth vertebra, 
di'a-zyme essence. A proprietary liquid said to 
contain the amylolytic enzyme of the pancreas, 
devoid of trypsin and lipase, in an alcoholic men¬ 
struum ; used in deficient salivary and pancreatic 
action in the digestion of starch. Dose, 5 Cc. (i 
fl. dr.). D. glycerole, a similar preparation made 
with glycerine instead of alcohol, 
di-ba'sic. Having two hydrogen atoms replaceable 
by a base, as a D. acid. D. phosphoric acid, pyro- 
phosphoric acid. D. salt, a salt of a dibasic acid, 
di-ben'zyl. A crystalline compound, formed 

by the action of sodium upon benzyl chloride, 
di-blas'tic. Having two sources or distinct causes, 
di-blas'tu-la. A blastula in which the blastoderm 
has formed ectoderm and entoderm. 
Dibothrioceph'alus. A genus of cestodes, several 
species of which, as D. corda'tus (of Greenland), 
D. la'tus, and D. manso'ni, occur in man ; Bothrio^ 


DIBOTHRIUM 


272 


DIETHYL- ALDEHYDATE 


ceph'alus; Diboih'rium. D. la'tus, the broad tape¬ 
worm, a parasite of man, dogs, and cats, contract¬ 
ed from eating fish which form the intermediate 
host for the larval stage ; Boihrioceph'alus crista'- 
tus; Boihrioceph'alus la'- 
ius; Tce'nia la'ta. It may- 
measure 20 mm. in width 
and contain several thou¬ 
sand segments. The eggs 
measure 45x70//, and 
have a lid at one end. 

Diboth'rium. = Diboth- 
RIOCEPHALUS. 

di-bro-meth'ane. = Eth¬ 
ylene BROMIDE, 
di-bro'mide. A bromide 
whose molecule contains 
two bromine atoms, as 
Calcium dihromide. 
di-cal'cic. Having two at¬ 
oms of calcium to the 
molecule. D. orthophos¬ 
phate, a white crystal¬ 
line powder, Ca2H2(P04).2, 
precipitated when a solu¬ 
tion of sodium phosphate 
is added to one of calcium 
chloride, and often from 
urine. 

di-car'bo-nate. = Bicar¬ 
bonate. 

di-ceph'a-lus. A two-head¬ 
ed monster. [< two 

+ KE^alri head.] fdi- 

ceph'a-lous. 

di-chin'o-lin-di-meth-yl-sul'phate. = Chinotoxin, 
di-chlo-ra-ce'tic acid, Chloracetic acid. 
di-chlo'ride. A chloride containing two atoms of 
chlorine in the molecule, as Barium d., BaCl2. 
di-chlo-ro-meth'ane. = Methylene dichloride. 
di-cho-phy'i a. A diseased condition of the hair, in 
which it splits; distrix. [< (hxo(l^v'ia.] 
di-chot'o-mous. Forked; regularly divided and sub¬ 
divided into two equal branches, 
di-chro'ic. Reflecting one color but transmitting 
another, as gold-leaf, tdi-chro'ism. 
di-chro-ma-top'si a. Partial color-blindness, only 
two of the primary colors being recognized, 
di-chro'mic acid. A dibasic acid, H2Cr207, forming 
salts called di-chro'mates,*or bichromates. 
di-cin-chon'i-cine, di-cin'cho-nine. Alkaloids (iso¬ 
meric), C3gH44N402, of cinchona bark. 

Dick’s syringe. A catheter with several fine holes 
at the end for making applications to the urethra 
or the bladder. 



Dibothriocephalus la- 
Tus.—1. Egg. 2. Mag¬ 
nified segment with re¬ 
productive organs. 3. 
Portions of worm with 
head. 4. Magnified 
head. (Wilson.) 


dic-li*d-os-to'sis. Ossification of valves, especially 
those of the heart. 

di-coe'lous. i. Hollowed on both sides; amphicoe- 
lous. 2. Having two cavities; bilocular, 
di-con'chin-ine. A cinchona alkaloid, C^gH^gN^Og. 
di-cra'nus. A monstrosity with a double cranium, 
the face usually single, or fused if double, the 
lower jaw being single. [< SiKpavog two-headed.] 
di-crot'ic. i. Having a double beat: applied to 
the pulse when there is a rebounding like a 
double pulsation. 2. Relating to a dicrotic pulse. 
D. crest, D. elevation = D. wave. D. notch, the 
depression in the sphygmographic tracing separa¬ 
ting the dicrotic wave from the primary elevation 
or tidal wave. It is due to closure of the aortic 
valves, and is also called aortic notch. D. pulse, 
a PULSE in which the finger is struck twice (first 


forcibly, then lightly) at every pulsation. D. 
wave, the second smaller ascending wave in the 
descending line of the sphygmographic tracing; 
the second of the two large waves of a dicrotic 
pulse; recoil wave. It is due to a reflected im¬ 
pulse from the closed aortic valves. [< diKporoc, 
fr. twice + Kporclv to strike.] fdic'ro-tism, 
dicrotic state, dic'ro-tous = dicrotic. 
Dictam'nus. Dittany, a genus of rutaceous plants. 
D. fraxinel'la was formerly esteemed as antispas- 
modic, vermifuge, and diaphoretic, 
dic'ty-on. i. Any rete or network. 2. The retina, 
fdic-ty-i'tis = retinitis. dic-ty-op'si a, morbid 
vision with crossed net-like lines before the face, 
dic-ty-o-schis'ma, coloboma of the choroid, 
di-cy-an'o-gen. A gas, C2N2, of a peculiar odor like 
that of peach leaves, and burning with a purple 
flame; cyanogen; cyanogen gas. 
di-dac'ty-lism. Congenital deformity of the hand 
or foot, there being only two digits. 
di-deFphys. = Dihysteria. 

di-duc'tion. Separation of parts from each other, 
did'ym-, did'y-mo-, -did'y-mus. Relating to the tes¬ 
ticles: combining forms, [< testicle.] did- 

y-mal'-gi a, did-y-mo-dyn'i a, testicular pain.— 
did-y-mi'tis = orchitis. — did-y-mo-py'i a, sup¬ 
puration in a testicle. 

di-dym'i um. i. A mixture of neodymium and 
praseodymium: formerly supposed to form one 
chemical element. 2. = Praseodymium. 
did'y-mous. Double; twin. [ < didvpog twin.] 
did'y-mus, pi. did'ymi. A testicle. [ < Sidvp.o^.'] 
die. A metal fac-simile or stamp u.sed in dentistry, 
di-ech'o-scope. An instrument for ausculting two 
different sounds at once. 

Dief'fen-bach’s operation. Circular amputation and 
disarticulation at the hip-joint, 
di-e-lec'tric. i. Transmitting electricity by induc¬ 
tion only. 2. A non-conductor traversed by 
lines of force between tw'o opposite charges, as 
the insulating material between the plates of a 
condenser. D. coefficient, the specific inductive 
capacity of a dielectric, referred to a vacuum as 
unity. 3. Any non-conductor of electricity, 
di-e-lec-trol'y-sis. = Cataphoresis. 
di-en-ceph'a-lon. = Thalamencephalon. 
di-er'e-sis, di-e-ret'ic. = Diuresis, di2ERetic. 
Diervil'la trif'ida. The bush honeysuckle, a capri- 
foliaceous shrub formerly used as a diuretic, 
astringent, and antisyphilitic, 
di'es, abl. di'e. Day: used in directions for taking 
medicines, as ter in di'e, three times daily. [L.] 
di'et. I. The food proper for invalids. 2. The 
regulation of food to the requirements of health 
and the cure of disease. D. drink, i. A popular 
name for decoctum sarsaparill.® compositum. 
2. A medicated liquor. [< diatTav to regulate.] 
fdi-e-ta'ri an. i. Pertaining to diet. 2. One who 
is expert !n matters of diet, di'e-ta-ry, a system 
or course of diet; a regulated allowance of food, 
di-e-tet'ic, pertaining to the taking of food, espe¬ 
cially proper food, as D. albuminuria, albuminuria 
due to albuminous food, such as eggs, pastry, etc.: 
D. disease, a disease due to error of diet: and D. 
medicine, (di-e-tet'ics) the science and art of D. 
treatment, treatment of disease by careful and 
scientific regulation of diet, 
di-eth'yl al'de-hy-date, di-eth'yl ether. =Acetal. 
fdi-eth-yl-ac'e-tal = acetal, di-eth-yl-am'ine, a 
non-poisonous liquid base, (C2H.)2NH, found in 
putrefying fish. di-eth*y-lene-di-am'ine = pipera¬ 
zine. di-eth-yl-supphone-di-eth’yl-meth'ane = 











jJlETL’S CRISES 


273 


DIGITALIN 


TBTRONAi. di-eth'yl-sul'phone-di-meth’yl-meth'- 
ane = sulphon meth anum*. di-eth‘yl-sul'phone- 
meth*yl-eth’yl-meth'ane = sulphonethylmeth- 

ANUM*. 

Dietl’s crises (di'tlz). Paroxysms of severe abdom¬ 
inal pain, often with fever, vomiting, and collapse, 
occumng in cases of floating kidney and perhaps 
due to twisting of the renal vessels. • 

dif-fe-ren'tial. Making or showing a difference; 
distinguishing. D. diagnosis, diagnosis by con¬ 
trasting the symptoms of similar diseases. D. 
staining, staining with a contrast stain. D. 
thermometer, thermometer. 
dif-fe-ren-ti-a'tion. i. The process of differentiating, 
or making a differential diagnosis. 2. The acqui¬ 
sition of special functions or stnictures in the 
process of development or propagation, fdif- 
fe-ren'ti ate. 

dif'fi-cult labor. = Dystocia. 
dif'flu-ent. Temporary, as of a clot or a callus, 
dif-frac'tion. The deflection of rays of light when 
passing very near an opaque body. D. grating, a 
glass plate having a series of closely ruled paral¬ 
lel lines. D. spectrum, a spectrum produced by 
a diffraction grating. The various waveslengths 
are spread out more evenly, instead of being 
crowded at the red end and widely separated at 
the violet end, as in a prism spectrum, 
dif-fuse'. Widely spread; scattered. D. abscess, 
one in which the pus is widely diffused through 
the surrounding tissues. D. aneurism, an aneu¬ 
rism in which the blood has infiltrated beyond 
the sac. D. cervical lipoma, c^Madelung’s 
NECK. D. disease, any disease whose lesion is 
not circumscribed. D. ganglion = ganglion, def. 
2. D. inflammation, i. Inflammation affecting 
both the parenchymatous substance and the 
interstitial connective tissue. 2. Spreading in¬ 
flammation, as of the subcutaneous connective 
tissue or of the peritoneum. D. lesion, a le¬ 
sion involving all the tissues. D. mastitis, fibrous 
induration of the breast. D. myelitis, myeli¬ 
tis. D. nephritis, (^nephritis. D. neuroma, a 
condition marked by the presence of multiple 
neuromatous tumors. D. peritonitis, peri¬ 
tonitis. D. sclerosis, sclerosis occurring in 
masses. [< L. dijfun'dere to spread.] fdif-fu'- 
si-ble, capable of being spread in all directions, 
as D. stimulant, one which has a transient effect 
and is not followed by a welhmarked period of de¬ 
pression. dif-fu-si-om'e-ter = DIFFUSION tube. 
dif-fu'sion. I. Dispersion; the act of spreading; a 
property of certain bodies of dispersing or mixing 
them.selves with the surrounding medium. 2. = 
Dialysis, def. 3: more correctly limited to the 
fluid menstruum, the term dialysis being applied 
to the solute. Anodal d. =cataphoresis. D.s 
circle, the circular image of a point which is not 
at the focus of the optical system producing it. 
D. stasis, ^STASIS. D. tube, an instrument for 
determining the rate of diffusion for different 
gases: a graduated tube closed at one end by a 
porous diaphragm of plaster of Paris. D. volume, 
a term used to express the different dispositions 
or tendencies of gases to interchange particles: 
the diffusion volume of air being i, that of 
hydrogen is 3.33. 

di-for'min. A glycerin ester, C3Hg(OH)(OCHO)2: a 
by-product of the manufacture of formic acid by 
the action of oxalic acid on glycerin, 
dig'a-len. A soluble digitoxin preparation, 
di-gal'lic acid. =Acidum tannicum*. 

18 


di-gas'trie. i. Having two bellies; also, pertaining 
to the digastric muscle. 2. The digastric muscle; 
digastricus. D. fossa, i. A depression on the 
inner surface of the inferior border of the lower 
jaw on either side of the symphysis; fossa digas- 
trica*. 2. = D. groove. D. groove, a groove 
in the mastoid portion of the temporal bone 
beneath the mastoid process, giving origin to the 
digastric muscle; incisura mastoidea*. D. lobe 
= BIVENTRAL LOBE. D. muscle, a muscle of the 
lower jaw arising from the mastoid process of the 
temporal bone and from near the symphysis of 
the lower jaw, and inserted into the hyoid bone. 
It has an anterior and a posterior belly, connected 
by an intermediate tendon. D. nerve, a branch 
of the facial nerve supplying the digastric muscle. 
D. triangle = submaxillary triangle. [< 
twice or two -f yaarijp belly.] 
di-gen'e-sis. = Alternation of generation. 
dig'e-nous. Bisexual; hermaphrodite. {Kdiyevi]^.] 
dig'e-rent. =Digestant. [< L. to digest.] 

di-ges'tion. i. The physiological process by which 
foods are comminuted, mixed, brought to a uni¬ 
form consistence and temperature, and chemically 
changed by ferments so as to allow them to be 
easily absorbed. 2. Prolonged maceration with 
heat, especially under pressure, fdi-ges'tant, a 
remedy that digests food or that aids in digestion, 
di-ges'ter, di-ges'tor, a strong iron or copper 
kettle with a safety-valve, for subjecting bodies 
to vapor at a high temperature and under great 
pressure, di-ges'ti-ble, easily digested, 
di-ges'tive. i. Belonging to digestion. 2. Caus¬ 
ing maturation in sores and ulcers. 3. A medi¬ 
cine which aids digestion, Stomachic. D. 
apparatus, the organs of digestion taken together. 
D. canal, the alimentary canal. D. ferment, any 
ferment which takes part in the process of diges¬ 
tion. D. tonic, a tonic which acts on the digestive 
organs. D. tract, the alimentary canal, 
dig'it. = Digitus. 

dig'i-tal. I. Done or performed by the fingers, as 
D. compression, dilatation, examination, pelvim¬ 
etry. 2. Belonging to or resembling a finger. 
D. appendix, the appendix vermiformis. D. ar¬ 
teries, the arteries distributed to the fingers and 
to the toes. D. cavity, the posterior horn of the 
lateral ventricle of the brain. D. fossa = sinus 
EP iDiDYMiDis*. D. fossa of the femur = tro- 
CH.\NTERic FOSSA. D. fuiTOW, One of the trans¬ 
verse lines on the palmar surface of the fingers. 
D. impressions, grooves or impressions on the 
inner surface of the cranial bones corresponding 
to the convolutions of the brain. D. phalanx, 
one of the bones of the fingers or of the toes. 
D. pulp, the convex prominence on the palmar 
surface of the terminal phalanx of a finger or on 
the plantar surface of the terminal phalanx of a 
toe. D. sheaths, the sheaths of the flexor tendons 
of the digits. D. vegetations, prominent villous 
vegetations resembling little fingers, 
dig-i-tal'in. i. A glucoside present in small quanti¬ 
ties in digitalis leaves, and in larger amounts in the 
seeds: its action is similar to that of digitoxin. 2. 
Any of several commercial preparations containing 
various amounts of the glucosides of digitalis: 
usually prepared from the seeds and containing 
much digitonin. The dosage varies greatly in the 
different preparations: for the crystalline prepara¬ 
tion of the French pharmacopoeia, about 0.0005 
Gm. gr.): for the “ German digitalin,” 0.006 
to 0.03 Gm. (y^ to \ gr.). [< L. digitali'na.] 


DIGITALIS 


274 


DILATING BOUGIE 


dig-i-ta'lis*. The U. S. P. name for the dried leaves 
of the scrophulariaceous herb Digita'lis purpu'- 
rea, collected from plants of the second year’s 
growth, at the commencement of flowering. It 
is a local irri¬ 
tant, a stim¬ 
ulant and a 
diuretic. It 
is a power¬ 
ful cardiac 
stimulant, 
acting direct¬ 
ly upon the 
heart muscle, 
but it slows 
the pulses 
rate by stim¬ 
ulating the 
i n h i bitory 
centre. It 
was formerly 
considered a 
cardiac de- 
pressant. It 
causes vaso¬ 
constriction 
by its action 
locally and 
on the ner¬ 
vous system, 
increasing 
the work of the heart unless combined with some 
vasodilator. In large doses it is poisonous, produc¬ 
ing vertigo, nausea and vomiting, syncope, convul¬ 
sions, and death. Dose of powder, 0.065 G-m. 
(i gr.). The plant yields dig-i-tale-in, a gluco- 
side; dig-i-tal'ic acid, a crystalline acid; dig-i- 
tal-i-rhe'tin, a crystallizable resin; dig-i-ta-so'lin, 
an amorphous glucoside, convertible into digi¬ 
talin and glucose; and dig-i-to'le-in, a fatty, 
greenish principle. c^Extractum digitalis*; 

FLUIDEXTRACTUM DIGITALIS*; INFUSUM DIGITA¬ 
LIS*', TiNCTURA DIGITALIS*. tdig'i-ta-Usm, digi¬ 
talis poisoning, especially from cumulative medic¬ 
inal doses, dig'i-ta-lize. 

dig'i-ta-lone. A proprietary preparation for hypo¬ 
dermic use, corresponding to 10% of digitalis. 

dig'i-ta-lose. A decomposition product, 
of the glucoside digitalin. 

dig'i-tate. Made up of leaflets arranged like the 
fingers, at the end of the 
stem: said of a leaf. 

dig-i-ta'tion. Any finger=shaped 
process; a succession of finger^ 
like processes or serrations. 

dig-i-to'nin. An irritant gluco¬ 
side, without cardiac action, 
from digitalis: soluble in 
water but not in alcohol. 

digito'rum no'di. =Heber- 

DEN’S NODES. 

dig-i-tox'in. An irritant gluco¬ 
side from digitalis, probably Digitate Leaf. 
its chief active principle. It 

occurs in the form of yellowish crystals, soluble 
in alcohol. 

dig'i-tus, pi. dig'iti. A finger or a toe; dactyl. The 
fingers of the hand are the thumb (pollcx [digi¬ 
tus I]*), the forefinger {index [digitus //]*), the 
middle finger {digitus medius [digitus III]*), the 
ring finger {digitus annularis [digitus IV]*), and 
the little finger {digitus minimus [digitus V]*). 


D. hippocrat'icus = HIPPOCRATIC finger. D. ma'- 
nus, a finger. D. pe'dis, a toe. [L.] 
di-glos'sia. Doubleness of the tongue; a bifid 
tongue. [ < iVig double TyAwcrcra tongue.] 
di-ho-mo-cin'cho-nine. A cinchona alkaloid, 
di-hy'drate. i. A compound containing two hy¬ 
droxyl groups in its molecule. 2. A compound 
* containing two molecules of water of con¬ 
stitution. tdi-hy'dra-ted. [< d/f twice -h v 6 o)p 
water.] 

di-hy'dric. Containing two atoms of replaceable 
hydrogen in the molecule, 
di-hy'dride. A compound of an element or of a 
radical with tw^o atoms of hydrogen, as SHj. 
di-hy-dro-coTli-dine. An oily liquid base, CgHj^NHg. 
di-hy-dro-cor'i-dine. A base, Cj„H^5NH2: probably 
a ptomaine. 

di-hy-dro-lu'ti-dine. A leucomaine, C^HjjN, found 
in cod=liver oil. 

di-hy-drox’y-toTu-ene. =Orcin. 
di-hy-po-gas'tri us, A monstrosity with the pelvis 
and abdomen double. 

di-hys-te'ri a. A malformation with a double 
uterus, resulting from faulty union of the two 
mullerian ducts of the embryo, 
disi'o-dide. An iodide whose molecule contains two 
equivalents of iodine. 

di=i‘o-do-be-ta-naph'thol. = Naphthol*aristol. 
disi-o'do-form. Ethylene tetra=iodide, Cjl^, con¬ 
taining 95 28 parts of iodine. It has less 
odor than iodoform, and is used for the same 
purposes. 

di=i'o-do-sal-i-cyl'ic acid. A compound, CgHjIa- 
(OH)COOH, from the action of iodine and iodic 
acid upon an alcoholic solution of salicylic acid: 
antipyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic. 
di=i'od-par-a-phe’nol-sul-phon'ic acid. = Sozoiodol. 
di=i-sat'o-gen. A red, crystalline substance, CjgHg- 
N^O^: turned to indigo by ammonium sulphide. 
di=i'so-bu-tyl-or'tho-cre-sol-i'o-dide. = Europhen. 
dik-a-mal'i. The gumsresin of Garde'nia lu'cida, 
a shrub of Southern Asia; decamalee: used 
externally and internally in India, and recom¬ 
mended in the prophylaxis and treatment of 
myiasis. 

di-lac-e-ra'tion. Tearing asunder, as of a mem¬ 
branous cataract. [ < L. dis -\- lacera're to 
tear.] 

di-la-ta-bil'i-ty. i. Distensibility. 2. Expansibility 
under the stimulus of light (as in the case of the 
iris) or under the action of nervesstimulus. 
dil-a-ta'tion. i. An enlargement or expansion of a 
hollow body, as of the heart, etc. D. cyst, a 
cyst produced by the dilatation of an already 
existing cavity. D. of the heart, widening or 
enlargement of the cavities of the heart, wdth 
thinning of its walls and diminution of the force 
of its beats. D. of the stomach, permanent 
en’argement of the stomach, due to the weaken¬ 
ing of its muscular coats and its distention with 
gas in chronic gastritis. D. thrombosis, throm¬ 
bosis from vascular enlargement, as in the puer¬ 
peral uterus. D. of the veins = varix. 2. The 
increase of volume which heat causes in bodies 
without changing their constitution. tdi-la'- 
tant, an agent which causes dilatation. di-la- 
ta'tor = DILATOR, 
di-la'ted. Enlarged; expanded, 
di-la'ting bougie. A bougie of steel, rubber, or 
whalebone used for dilating a stricture. D. pains, 
the laborspains which occur during the first or 
dilating stage of labor. 











DILATOR 


275 


DIORTHOSIS 


di-la'tor. i. A muscle whose office is to dilate cer- . 
tain parts. D. i'ridis, the radiating fibres of the 
iris, which dilate the pupil. D. na'ris, the muscle 
which dilates the nostril. 

D. tu'bae, the tensor pal- 
ati muscle. 2. An instru¬ 
ment used for dilating 
wounds, canals, etc. 
di-lem'ma. Lack of fore¬ 
knowledge on the part of 
a person whose reaction 
time is being taken as to 
which one of several stim¬ 
uli is to be given, 
dill. Anethum graveolens or its seed. 

Dil'ly fever. A form of pernicious malaria preva¬ 
lent at Dilly, in the Portuguese East Indies, 
dil'u-ent. Anything that dilutes; especially, a sub¬ 
stance that increases the fluidity of the blood, 
di-lu'tion. i. The act of weakening by admixture 
with water or other substance. 2. The substance 
so diluted, fdi-lu'ted, di-lute', 
di-lu'tion-ist. One who believes in the dilution of 
medicines, High dilutionist. 
di-meth-yl-amd-do-a‘zo-ben'zene or -ben'zol. The 
sodium (or ammonium) salt of paradimethyl- 
aminoazobenzeneparasulphonic acid; helianthin; 
methyl orange; orange III; Poirrier’s orange 3 
P; tropaeolin D: a sensitive orange=colored indi¬ 
cator turned red by free mineral acids and used 
in determining the acidity of the gastric contents, 
di-meth-yl-am'ine. A non=poisonous base (0113)2- 
NH, formed in the decomposition of yeast, gela¬ 
tin, and fish: a gas, condensing to a liquid at 8°C. 
di-meth-yl-an'i-line. An oily liquid, CgHg.NfCHg),, 
of a sharp odor: used in making aniline dyes, 
di-meth-yl-ar'sine. = Cacodyl. 
di-meth’yl-eth*yl-car'bi-nol. = Amylene hydrate. 
di-meth-yl-ke'tone. = Acetone. 
di-meth‘yl-ox-y-quin'i-zin. = Antipyrina*. 
di-meth-yl-pyr'i-dine. A compound, C.-Hj,N, ob¬ 
tained by distilling strychnine with zinc=dust; /?* 
lutidine: said to be an antidote to strychnine, 
di-meth-y l-xan'thine. ==Theobromine. 
di-me'tri a. The state of having a double uterus, 
di-met'ric system. That .system of crystalliza¬ 
tion in which the crystals have three mutually 
perpendicular axes, two being equal in length, 
the other different; quadratic system, 
di-min'ished breathing or respiration. Breathing in 
which the breathssound is normal in quality but 
diminished in intensity, 
dim'ness of sight. =Caligo. 

di-mor'phism. i. The property of many solids, as 
sulphur, carbon, etc., of assuming two distinct 


Dimorphism of Papilio ajax. — a. Summer form. b. 

Winter form. 

crystalline forms. c^Allotropism. 2. Difference 
of form of members of the same species, as of one 


or both sexes of the same species of butterfly. 

Polymorphism, tdi-mor'phous. 
di-naph'thyl. A crystalline substance, C2oHjj, formed 
from naphthalene. 

di-neu'ric. Having two neurons or axis*cylinder 
processes: said of nerve*cells. 
din'ic. =Dinical, def. 2. tdin'i-cal. i. Pertain¬ 
ing to giddiness. 2. A remedy for giddiness, 
di-ni'trate. A compound whose molecule contains 
two nitric acid radicals, 
di-ni-tro-cel'lu-lose. Soluble gunscotton. 
di-ni-tro-cre'sol. A mixture of the potassium salts 
of orthos and para=dinitrocresol; saffron substi¬ 
tute: sold as a substitute for saffron, 
din'nerspill. A pill to be taken with or after the 
dinner: usually an aperient, often of aloes, 
di'nus. Vertigo; dizziness. [ < Sivog, fr. diveveiv to 
whirl round.] fdi-no-ma'ni a, the dancing mania. 
Dioctophy'me rena'le. =Strongylus gigas. 
di'o-don-ceph'a-lous. Having double rows of teeth. 

fdi'o-don-ceph'a-lus, one having such teeth. 
Di-og'e-nes’s cup. The cupslike cavity of the hand 
occasioned by bending the metacarpal bone of 
the little finger. 

di-og'mus. A severe attack of heartspalpitation. 
di-ol'ic acid. A white, crystalline substance, 
CjgHjgOj-f H2O, obtained by 
digesting diosphenol with al¬ 
coholic potash. 

Dionae'a muscip'ula. Venus’s 
flystrap, a unique carnivo¬ 
rous plant, of the order Dros- 
era'cecB, found only in the 
ea.stern parts of North and 
South Carolina. It secretes 
a fluid which is said to have 
remarkable antiseptic and 
digestive powers, 
di'o-nin. Ethylmorphine hy¬ 
drochloride: used like the 
corre.sponding methyl com¬ 
pound, codeine. Dose, 0.015 
to 0.03 Gm. (^ to ^ gr.). 
di-op-sim'e-ter. A device for 
estimating the extent of the 
field of vision. 

di-op'ter, di-op'tric, di-op'try. 

The unit of measurement for 
the refractive power of a 
lens; the power of a lens 
whose focal distance is one 
metre. The focal distance of half a metre gives 
the lens a refractive power of two diopters, etc. 
di-op-tom'e-ter. An instrument for estimating the 
refraction of the eye. t^i-op-torn'e-try. 
(ji_op-tos'co-py. The determination of the refrac¬ 
tion of the eye by the ophthalmoscope, 
di-op'tra. i. An instrument for measuring the 
height and distance of objects. 2. A kind of 
speculum. [< (ko^xiGdac to see through.] 
di-op'tral. Relating to a diopter; expressed in 
diopters. 

di-op'tric, di-op'tri-cal. i. Relating to or causing 
refraction. 2. = Diopter. 

di-op'trics. The branch of optics which treats of 
the transmission of light through various media, 
di-op-trom'e-ter, di-op-trom'e-try. Better forms of 
dioptometer and dioptometry. 
di-op'try. = Diopter 

di-or-sel'lic (di-or-sel-lin'ic) acid.= Lecanoric acid. 
di-or-tho'sis. The restoration of parts to their 
proper situation, -j-di-or-thot'ic. 



Golding-Bird’s Tra¬ 
cheal Dilator. 





Dion^a muscip- 

ULA. 





DIOSCAMPHOR 


276 


DIPLO- 


di-os-cam'phor. A substance, CgH^gO, obtained 
from the oil of Baros'ma crena'ia: isomeric with 
borneol, and resembling thymol. 

Diosco'rea villo'sa. Wild yam, a twining oi 

the United States. Its root is said be dia¬ 
phoretic, and in large doses emetic. It is used for 
colics and for rheumatism, fdi-os-co're in, a res- 
inoid precipitated erom a tincture of D. villa'sa: 
diaphoretic, expectorant, and antispasmodic. 
Dios'ma. =Barosma. ■t;di-os'niin = BAROSMiN. 
di-os-mo'sis. = Osmosis. 
di-os-phe'nol. = Barosma=camphor. 

Dios'pyros virginia'na. The persimmon, an ebena- 
ceous tree whose fruit is astringent and contains 
tannic acid. Its bark is bitter and is said to be 
febrifugal. 

di-ot'ic. Binaural. twice-fopf ear.] 

di-ox'ide. An oxide whose molecule contains two 
oxygen atoms, as manganese dioxide, MnOj. 
di-ox'o-gen. A proprietary aqua hydro genii diox- 

IDI*. 

di-ox-y-an'thra-cene. = Flavol. 
di-ox*y-di-am'i-nosar-sen'o-ben'zene or -ben'zol. = 

SlX*HUNDRED*AND*SIX PREPARATION. 

di-ox-y-naph'tha-lene. A poisonous substance, 
CnjHgO.j, existing in several modifications, 
di-ox-y-naph-tho-qui'none. = Naphthazarine. 
di-ox-y-tol'u-ene. =Cresorcin. 
dip. I. = Declination. 2. A disinfecting solu¬ 
tion for cleansing purposes. fdip'ping, the 
introduction of an animal into a vat containing 
a disinfecting solution in order to free it from 
ticks, fleas, and other agents capable of carrying 
or giving infection. 

di-parmi-tin. Glycerin dipalmitate, C_jH5(OH)- 

(^16^31^2) 2 * 

di-pen'tene. A pleasant ^smelling liquid, CjoHjg, 
found in cajuput and camphor oils and Russian 
turpentine, and formed from pinene, camphene, 
and limonene; cimene; inactive limonene. 
di-pep'tide. A polypeptide consisting of two iden¬ 
tical aminosacid radicals, as lysyldysin or his- 
tidyUhistidin. 

di-phal'li a. The condition of having a double 
penis or two penises. fdi-phal'lus, a person who 
has a double penis. 

di-phe'nyl. A crystalline hydrocarbon, CjgHjg, con¬ 
tained in coaDtar oil. tdi-phe'nyl-am-ine, a 
whitish, crystalline substance, (CgHgjgNH: used 
in preparing dyes, and as a test for nitric acid, 
with which it gives a blue color, di-phe'nyl- 
meth-ane, a crystallizable compound, CgHgCH^- 
CgHg, obtained by the action of benzyl chloride 
upon benzene, di-phe'nyl-meth-yl-pyra-zole, a 
white, crystalline substance, used like antipyrine. 
diphtheria (dif-thi'ria or dfp-thi'ri a). An acute 
infectious disease, arising from the presence of the 
BaciVlus diphthe'ricB, and 
characterized by a fibrin¬ 
ous exudate localized at 
the site of infection, 
generally the pharyngeal 
mucous membrane, and 
by fever, prostration, de¬ 
generative lesions of vari¬ 
ous organs, and sometimes 
paralyses due to the diffusion of soluble toxins 
through the system, r®- Croup. D. antitoxin = 
SERUM ANTiDiPHTHERicuM*. Catarrhal d., a mild 
form of diphtheria, marked by active circum¬ 
scribed inflammation but without the formation 
gf extensive pseudomembranes. Croupous d., 


diphtheria beginning in the -larynx and spreading 
^'jpward and downward; diphtheritic croup. 
Gangrenous d., a severe form with rapid collapse, 
followed by true gangrene. Septic d., diphtheria 
complicated by some septic infection. Scarlatinal 
d., diphtheria secondary to scarlatina. D. serum 

= SERUM ANTIDIPHTHERICUM*. [<i 6 i(pdepa skin, 

membrane.] fdiph-the'ri al, diph-ther'ic = diph¬ 
theritic. diph'the-rin, diphtheria toxin. 

diph-the-rit'ic. Relating to or of the nature of 
diphtheria. D. ataxia, a form of ataxia following 
diphtheria: it generally ends in recovery, but may 
be followed by paralysis or death from exhaus¬ 
tion. D. chancre, a soft chancre covered with a 
tough adherent yellowish substance. D. conjunc¬ 
tivitis, CONJUNCTIVITIS. D. endometritis, ^ en¬ 
dometritis. D. laryngitis, laryngeal diphtheria. 
D. membrane, the false membrane formed on the 
true mucous membrane in diphtheria. It consists 
of fibrinous exudate extending into the sound 
tissues and containing much necrotic epithelial 
tissue, and is generally grayish. D. neuritis, tox- 
aemic neuritis in diphtheria. D. ophthalmia = 
DIPHTHERITIC CONJUNCTIVITIS. D. paialysis, 
paralysis, generally of the muscles of the pharynx 
and soft palate, sometimes of other muscles (as 
the eyesmuscles, or in paraplegia), following an 
• attack of diphtheria. D. pharyngitis, pharyngeal 
diphtheria. D. pock, a necrotic pock in smallpox 
which has a whitish membrane. D. tonsillitis, 
pharyngeal diphtheria. D. ulcer, an ulcer due 
to diphtheritic necrosis, usually beneath a diph¬ 
theritic membrane. D. vaginitis, vaginitis. 
D. vulvitis, VULVITIS. 

diph-the-ri'tis. i. Diphtheria. 2. Pseudomembra¬ 
nous inflammation of mucous membranes. 

diph'the-roid. Resembling diphtheria. D. inflam¬ 
mation, any condition resembling diphtheria but 
due to a different cause, as Streptococcus. 

diph-thon'gi a. A double voice; the utterance at 
one effort of two tones of differing pitch; diplo- 
phonia: may indicate a lesion of the vocal cords 
or some degree of paresis in one vocal cord. 

dip-la-cu'sis. Difference in the pitch of a tone as 
heard in the two ears. 

di-plas-mat'ic, di-plas'tic. Containing two distinct 
substances: said of a cell. 

di-ple'gi a. Bilaterally symmetrical paralysis, espe¬ 
cially when affecting all four limbs, or the face 
and both aims; double hemiplegia. Paraple¬ 
gia; PROSOPODIPLEGIA. 

dip'lo-. Double: a combining form. [< 

double.] dip-lo-ba-cil'lus, any bacillus occurring 
in pairs, as Bacillus conjunctivitidis, the 
cause of dip-lo-bac'il-la-ry conjunctivitis.— dip-lo- 
bac-te'ri um, a micro-organism consisting of two 
rod*forms linked together.— dip-lo-blas'tic, hav¬ 
ing two germslayers.— dip-lo-ceph'a-lus, a two- 
headed monster, tdip-lo-ce-pha'li a, dip-lo-ceph'- 
a-ly.— dip-lo-coc'cus, see end of this nm*in list.— 
dip-lo-co'ri a, the condition of a double pupil in one 
eye.— dip-lo-gen'e-sis, teratic duplication, as in 
double or twin monstrosities.— Diplogonoph'orus 
gran'dis, a rare cestode parasite of man, found in 
Japan: about as large as Dibothrioceph'alus la'tus, 
but distinguished by the duplicated genitalia in 
each segment.— dip*lo-my-e'lia = diastematomy- 
ELiA.— dip-lo-pho'ni a = diphthongia.— di-plo'- 
pi a, the condition of double vision, as Binocular d., 
diplopia due to defective muscular condition: 
Crossed d., diplopia from insufficient convergence, 
the image on the right being seen by the left eye. 




'A 

V't?- 

* iV) 
A,‘y- 

Ajj 




Bacillus diphtheria. 


DIPLOCOCCUS 


277 


DIRECT 


and that on the left by the right eye; heter¬ 
onymous diplopia: Direct d., diplopia in which 
each image is on the same side as the eye with 
which it is seen; homonymous or uncrossed di¬ 
plopia: Heteronymous d., crossed diplopia: Ho¬ 
monymous d., direct diplopia: Monocular d., di¬ 
plopia in which one eye sees double; uniocular di¬ 
plopia: suggestive of incipient cataract: Physio¬ 
logical d., the normal reduplication of the images 
of all objects nearer {crossed d.) or farther {direct 
d.) from the eye than the fixation point: Un¬ 
crossed d., direct diplopia: Uniocular d., monoc¬ 
ular diplopia: and Vertical d., diplopia in 
which one image appears above the other, fdi" 
plop'ic. di-plo-pi-om'e-ter, an instrument for 
measuring diplopia.— dipdo-so-ma'ti a, the condi¬ 
tion of a twin monster consisting of two complete 
bodies joined at one or more points.— dipdo-ter- 
a-tol'o-gy, the science of double monstrosities, 
dip-lo-coc'cus, pi. diplococ'ci. A micro*organism 
consisting of two cocci (spherical or ovoid), 
separated only by a short interval. D. al'bi- 
cans am'plus, a nonspathogenic coccus found 
in healthy vaginal secretions. D. abbicans tardis'- 
simus, a non=pathogenic species found in pus 
from the urethra. D. al'bicans tar'dus, a non* 
pathogenic species found in the skin in sebor- 
rhoea. D. cit'reus conglomera'tus = Neisseria 
ciTREA. D. cit'reus liquefa'ciens, a non*patho- 
genic species found on the skin in seborrhoea: it 
produces a yellow pigment. D. cory'zae, a species 
found in the secretions of coryza: has not been 
proved pathogenic. D. fia'vus liquefa'ciens tar'¬ 
dus = Neisseria FLAVA LIQUEFACIENS TARDA. 
D. fluores'cens foe'tidus, a nonspathogenic species 
from the posterior nares: cultuses produce a 
green or violet pigment and give a peculiar odor. 
D. gonorrhoe'ae = GONOCOCCUS. D. intracellula'- 
ris, D. intracellula'ris meningi'tidis, the causative 
agent of cerebrospinal fever; meningococcus. 
®“Flexner’s serum. D. lac'teus favifor'mis, a 
non*pathogenic species found in vaginal secretions. 
D. lanceola'tus = D. pneumoniae. D. lu'teus, a 
nonspathogenic species found in water: it pro¬ 
duces a yellow or brown pigment. D. of Morax, 
D. of Morax and Axenfeld = Bacillus conjunc- 
TiviTiDis, def. 2. D. of pem'phigus acu'tus, a 
pathogenic species found in vesicles of pemphigus. 
D. of pneumonia in horses, a pathogenic species 
from the lungs of horses affected with pneumonia. 
D. pneumo'niae, the diplococcus of pneumonia; 
pneumococcus, Bacillus pneumoniae. It is 
found in healthy sputum and that of pneumonia 
and in the exudate of meningitis. It is the usual 
cause of croupous pneumonia. D. pyo'genes ure'ae, 
a species found in purulent urine. D. ro'seus, 
a species from the air. It produces a rosescolored 
pigment. [ < SirrMoc double kokkoq a grain.] 
dip'lo-e. The cancellous bone between the tables 
of the skull, fdip-lo-et'ic, resembling the diploe. 
di-plo'ic, relating to the diploe, as D. arteries, 
branches of the supra*orbital artery: D. foramina, 
openings transmitting veins through the inner 
table of the skull: and D. sinus, any one of the 
narrow channels in the broad bones of the cranial 
vault which are occupied by veins or other vessels, 
di-plo'ma. The charter (originally a folded letter) 
by which the professional man is declared qual¬ 
ified. 

dip'lo-sal. Salicylosalicylic acid, 
di-po-da-ceph'a-lus. A monster without a head, 
but having two feet. 


di-po-tas'sic. Having two potassium atoms to the 
molecule, as D. phosphate, KjHPO^. 

Dip'pel’s oil. An animal oil procured by the de¬ 
structive distillation of animal matter, especially 
of albuminous and gelatinous substances, 
dip'ping. A method of palpating the abdomen by 
applying the fingers perpendicularly to the sur¬ 
face of the abdomen and pressing suddenly and 
forcibly. D. needle, a magnetic needle swinging 
vertically, for determining dip or declination, 
di-pro-par'gyl. A liquid hydrocarbon, CgHg, iso¬ 
meric with benzene. 

di-pro-so'pus. A monster having a face more or 
less double and a double lower jaw. ^ Diceph- 
ALUs; monster; syncephalus. fdi-pro-so'pi a. 
di-pro-so'pous. 

dip-se'sis. Thirst; morbid thirst, fdip-set'ic. 
dip-so-ma'ni a. An incontrollable craving, gener¬ 
ally periodic, for alcoholic and other stimulants, 
often ending with an attack of delirium tremens. 
[ < Si-ipa thirst -f- pav'ia madness.] fdip-so-ma'ni- 
ac, a person afflicted with dipsomania, 
dip-sop'a-thy. i. Thirstscure, the allowance of 
drinking water being limited to a very small 
amount. 2. = Dipsomania. 
dip-so'sis. =Dipsesis. 

Dipterocar'pus. A genus of East Indian dipterace- 
ous trees. D. ala'tus, D. inca'nus, and D. Ice'vis 
furnish balsam of gurjun,a. substitute for copaiba. 
Several other species yield useful balsamic or 
resinous substances. 

Dip'teryx odora'ta. A leguminous tree of Cayenne 
and Guiana. Its fragrant seed is the Tonka bean, 
used in perfumery and for scenting snuff, 
di-py'gus. A monstrosity in which the pelvis and 
the lower part of the spinal col¬ 
umn are more or less double, 
tdi-pyg'i a. 

Dipylid'ium caninum. =TaENIa 

ELLIPTICA. 

di-pyr'i-dine. A compound, CjoH^g- 
Nj, a polymer of pyridine, formed 
from pyridine by the action of 
metallic sodium. 

di-pyr'i-dyl. A compound, CjgHgNj, 
analogous to diphenyl, formed 
along with dipyridine, 
di-quin'ic sulphate. =QuiniNaE 
SULPHAS*. 

di-quin'i-dine. A cinchona alka¬ 
loid, C^oH^gN^Og. 

Dir'ca palus'tris. An American thy- 
melaceous shrub; leatherwood; 
moosewood; wicopy: irritant and 
emetic, closely resembling meze- 

REUM*. 

di-rect'. In a straight line; straight 
forward. In chemistry, without 
the intervention of oxygen. D. 
ballottement, ballottement. 

D. celUdivision, cell*division with¬ 
out grouping of nuclear fibrils; 

A MITOSIS. D. cerebellar tract, 

CEREBELLAR TRACT. D. Cur¬ 
rent, an electric current which 
always flows in the same direction. 
t®*ALTERNATiNG CURRENT. D. diagnosis, diagnosis 
of a disease directly from one or more symptoms. 
D. diplopia, GP-DIPLOPIA. D. electrization, elec 
trization of a muscle in which one electrode is 
applied directly to the muscle or its motor point. 
D. emetic, lar emetic. D. emmenagogue, cr 





Direct Cell- 
Division OF 
Colorless 
Blood-Cor¬ 
puscle. 


DIRECTING GLOBULES 


278 


DISPENSARY 


EMMENAGOGUE. D. excitation, EXCITATION. 

D. hernia, inguinal hernia. D. illumination, 

^ILLUMINATION. D. image, the erect, vertical 
image of the fundus of the eye seen by direct 
ophthalmoscopy. D. irritation, irritation due to 

oversstimulation of a part. D. method, 

OPHTHALMOSCOPY. D. mode, the doctrine which 
teaches that white, fibrous connective tissue is 
formed by the direct transformation of the cell* 
protoplasm into the fibrillae. ^ Indirect mode. 
D. murmur, a murmur caused by obstruction to 
the normal blood^current. D. paralysis, hemi¬ 
plegia on the same side of the body as the brain* 
lesion causing it. D. percussion, (^percussion. 
D. pyramidal tract, ts- pyramidal tract. D. 
reflex, contraction occurring on the same side as 
the stimulation. D. respiration, immediate in¬ 
terchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide without 
the interposition of a respiratory apparatus, as in 
AmaebcB. D. symptom, a symptom depending 
directly upon the disease. D. transfusion, r®“ 

TRANSFUSION. D. vision = CENTRAL VISION. 

di-rect'ing globules. = Polar globules. 
di-rec'tionsfeeling. That element of vision by 
virtue of which direction is perceived and local¬ 
ized. D.sspindle, the spindle*like figure formed 
by the nuclei of the ovum and first polar body, 
di-rec'tive corpuscles. = Polar globules. 
di-rec'tor. A grooved probe for guiding the intro¬ 
duction of a sharp instrument; grooved director, 
dird-go-mo'tor. Controlling muscular activity, 
dirt'seat-ing. = Chthonophagia. 
dis-a-bil'i-ty. Lack of ability. 

di-sac'cha-ride. Any carbohydrate containing 
twelve carbon atoms, as cane sugar, milk sugar, 
etc.-, biose; bihexose; hexabiose; saccharose, 
dis-a-cid'i-fy. To free from acid or from acidity, 
dis-ac'ryl. A derivative of acrolein, 
dis-ar'thral. Relating to or passing over two joints, 
dis-ar-tic-u-la'tion. Amputation through a joint, 
dis-as-sim-i-la'tion. = Catabolism. 
dis-as-so-ci-a'tion. = Dissociation. 
dis-brain'. To remove the brain from, 
disc. = Disk. 

dis-charge'. i. A letting forth; the flow of a secre¬ 
tion; an evacuation. 2. The secretion; the sub¬ 
stance evacuated. 3. A liberation of electricity, 
fdis-char'ger, an instrument for producing an 
electric discharge, dis-char'ging, as D. lesion, 
a cerebral lesion causing sudden outputs of 
motor stimulation: and D. = excretory 

TUBULE. 

dis-cis'sion. A cutting apart or asunder, espe¬ 
cially the rupture of the capsule of the lens in 
certain cataract operations. D.=needle, a cata¬ 
ract =needle. 

dis-co-blas'tic. Undergoing or relating to discoidal 
segmentation, as of the ova of birds and fishes, 
dis'coid, dis-coi'dal. Resembling a quoit or disk; 
disciform. D. placenta, a placenta which is 
shaped like a circular flattened cake, as that of 
man and other higher mammals. D. segmenta¬ 
tion, segmentation which gives rise to a disk* 
shaped mass of cleavage*cells, as in the mero- 
blastic ova of birds. 

Discomy'ces bo'vis. = Actinomyces bovis. [If 5. 
’09.] D. madu'ras, a ray*fungus found in the 
yellow “ fish*roe” bodies of mycetoma. 
dis’co-pla-cen'ta. A discoid placenta. tdis*co-pla- 
cen'tal. 

dis'cord. Lack of harmony; in music, a chord 
which requires resolution by a following concord. 


dis-crete'. Separate; distinct: the opposite oi con 
fluent. D. smallpox, (^variola. 
dis'cus. =Disk. D. lentifor'mis = lenticular 
NUCLEUS. D. prolig'erus, the cellular envelope 
investing the mature ovum, composed of a por¬ 
tion of the elements of the membrana granulosa, 
dis-cuss'. To promote or effect the resolution oi 
tumors, etc. [< L. discu'tere to scatter.] fdis- 
cus'sion. dis-cus'sive, discutient, as a remedy, 
dis-cu'tient. Scattering, as a substance that pro¬ 
motes the resolution of tumors, etc. 
dis-di'a-clast. One of the small doubly*refracting 
elements of the contractile substance of muscu¬ 
lar fibre. tdis-di-a-clas'tic, doubly refractive, 
dis-ease'. An abnormal condition, general or local, 
marked by more or less characteristic changes of 
structure and function, generally having a definite 
cause, and rtmning a more or less typical course, so 
that it may be considered as a distinct entity; a vig¬ 
orous effort of nature to throw off morbific matter, 
and thus to recover the patient (Sydenham), 
dis-en-gage'ment. A setting free, as the escape of the 
foetus or any part of it from the vaginal canal, 
dis-in-fect'. -To free from infectious or contagious 
matter, j-dis-in-fec'tant, destroying infection, as 
an antiseptic, dis-in-fec'tion. ^Antisepsis. 
dis-in-fec'tor. 

dis-in-fec'tol. An antiseptic similar to creolin. 
dis-in-te-gra'tion. The separation of the integrant 
parts or particles of a body, 
dis-in-vag-i-na'tion. Reduction of an invagination, 
dis-junc'tive absorption. The absorption of living 
tissue around a necrosed mass, sequestrating it. 
disk. I. The face of the sun or of any flat, circu¬ 
lar body. 2. In pharmacy, a small tablet, usu¬ 
ally of gelatin, combined with some active medi¬ 
cine, as cocaine, atropine, etc.; a lamella of 
the B. P. D. diameter, the diameter of the optic 
disk, used as a unit of measure for objects seen 
at the fundus of the eye. D. of the eye = 
PAPILLA, def. 2. [< L. dis'cus, fr. dioKog quoit.] 

dis-lo-ca'tion. Displacement of a part from its nat¬ 
ural situation, especially in the sense of luxation. 
When entirely separated, the dislocation is com¬ 
plete; otherwise, partial or incomplete. When 
an open wound communicates with the disloca¬ 
tion, it is compound or open; otherwise, simple 
or closed. D. of the eyeball, displacement of the 
eyeball. 

di -so'dic. Having two atoms of sodium in the 

molecule, as D. orthophosphate, the chemical 
name of sodium phosphate, NagHPO^T 12H2O. 
di -so'mus. A monster with two bodies. [ < d/f 
double-f Gupa body.] fdi-so-ma'ti a. 
dis-or'der. = Disease. 

dis-or*ga-ni-za'tion. A profound alteration in the 
texture of an organ, causing the loss of most or 
all of its characters. 

dis-o’ri-en-ta'tion. Confusion or lack of adequate 
realization of space relations, either alone or in 
combination with a similar confusion of time 
relations: seen in various mental diseases. Fol¬ 
lowing Wernicke, the term is now often used in 
a larger sense to denote the general psychosen- 
sory ineptitude usually present in insanity, 
dis'pa-rate points. Two points, one on each retina, 
which are not identical points. 
dis-pen'sa-ry. A place where medicines are pre¬ 
pared and dispensed: generally, a charitable 
institution where the sick poor who are not con¬ 
fined to bed are given free medical treatment. 
[< L. dispensa'rium, fr. dispensa're to distribute,] 


DISPENSATORY 


279 


DISTILLATION 


dis-pen'sa-to-ry, A treatise on medicinal substances 
and on the art of compounding or dispensing 
them; especially, such a treatise issued as a com¬ 
mentary on a pharmacopoeial selection of drugs, 
dis-pen'sing. The procedure of preparing for sale 
drugs, medicinal preparations, and prescriptions: 
contrasted with compounding, which involves only 
assembling or mixing the component ingredients 
of a medicinal preparation or prescription, 
dis-per'sing lens. A concave (divergent) lens, 
dis-per'sion. Diffusion; scattering; the angular sep¬ 
aration of the component wave-lengths of white 
light when decomposed by the prism, 
di-spi'ra, di-spi'rem. The stage of cell-division 
following the diaster stage: the protoplasm being 
in two parts, each containing a chromatin coil, 
dis-placed' hernia. A hernia which has been forced 
out of its original position. D. testicle, a testi¬ 
cle abnormally situated, as in the pelvic cavity, 
dis-place'ment. i. Removal from the proper place; 

dislocation. ^Ectopia. 2. = Percolation. 
dis-po-si'tion. == Diathesis, 

dis-rup'tive discharge. A discharge of electricity 
attended with light, heat, and sound, 
diss. A reed or stout grass of Africa and Southern 
Europe, Ampelodes'mos te'nax. Its seeds furnish 
an ergot, audits root is used by the homoeopathists. 
dis-sect'. To cut apart; to perform di.ssection. 
dis-sect'ing. i. The separation of parts usually 
contiguous. D. aneurism, an aneurism in which 
the inner coats of the vessel rupture and the 
blood passes between the outer tunics. D. glossitis 
= GLOSSITIS DISSECANS. D. pneumonia, suppu¬ 
rative inflammation of the lungs extending along 
the interlobar and peribronchial tissues. 2. Re¬ 
lating to dissection. D. forceps, a spring forceps 
with serrated gripping surfaces, for holding 
tissues in dissection. D.sroom diarrhoea, severe 
diarrhoea due to the absorption by the system of 
emanations from cadavers in the dissecting-room, 
dis-sec'tion. i. The cutting up of the whole or a 
part of an organism, animal or vegetable, in 
order to ascertain its structure. 2. The careful 
separation of parts in a surgical operation. D. 
tubercle = ANATOMICAL TUBERCLE. D. wound, a 
wound received during dissection. [ < L. dis apart 
seca're to cnt.] fdis-sec'tor. i. One who dis¬ 
sects; an anatomist. 2. A treatise on dissection, 
dis-sem'i-na-ted. Scattered; not confluent; discrete. 
D. choroiditis = choroiditis disseminata. D. 
disease, a disease with multiple circumscribed 
lesions. D. inflammation, inflammation in several 
spots at once. D. myelitis, myelitis with several 
foci. D. sclerosis, multiple sclerosis. D. suppu¬ 
rative nephritis = SURGICAL kidney. D. tropho¬ 
neurosis, trophoneurosis. 
dis-sem-i-na'tion. Scattering ; dispersion of disease- 
germs, or metastasis of a morbid process, 
dis-sim-i-la'tion. = Catabolism. 
dis-sim-u-la'tion. Hiding under false appearance: 
especially in insanity, and of disease, as color¬ 
blindness. 

dis-si-pa'tion. The act of dispelling; dispersion, 
dis-so-ci-a'tion. i. Separation; the act of separa¬ 
ting. 2. The decomposition of chemical com¬ 
pounds either (a) by heat, a gradual change 
with increasing temperature, as the partial dis¬ 
sociation of the vapor of ammonium chloride into 
NH3 and HCl, or of water into hydrogen and oxy¬ 
gen ; or (b) by solution, as the separation of some 
of the molecules of a simple binary compound 
into kations and anions when dissolved in water. 


3. Disorganization of connected thought: seen in 
insanity. D. anaesthesia, loss of the sensation of 
pain and temperature,that of touch being present, 
as in SYRINGOMYELIA. D. of personality = DOU¬ 
BLE consciousness, fdis-so'ci-a-ble. 
dis-so-luffion. i. The act of dissolving or liquefy¬ 
ing. 2. Decomposition; death, 
dis-solve'. i. To cause to undergo solution. 2. To 
undergo solution in a liquid, fdis-sol'vent, a 
resolvent medicine, 
dis'so-nance. = Discord. 
dis'tad. Distally; on or towards a distal part, 
dis'tal. Remote from centre or from the mesial 
line; opposed to proximal. D. aberration, spher¬ 
ical aberration. D. aspect, that aspect which 
looks away from the body. D. clot, a clot formed 
in a vessel on the distal side of the ligature. D. 
ligature, a ligature applied to an artery on the 
distal side of the aneurism. D. side or surface 
{of a tooth), that side which would be directed 
away from the middle line of the mouth if the 
alveolar arch were straightened out. tdis'tal-ly. 
dis-tem'per. i. =Disease. 2. A disease of pups, con¬ 
sisting of inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of nose, 
eyes, and alimentary canal, 
dis-ten'tion. The dilatation of 
a hollow viscus by too great 
accumulation of its contents, 
dis-tich'ia, dis-ti-chi'a-sis. An 
affection in which the tarsus 
has a double row of eye¬ 
lashes, one inward against the 
eye, the other outward, tm- 
Trichiasis. [< diq twice or 
two -I- OTixoQ row.] 
dis'tich-ous. In two vertical rows, as leaves, 
dis-til-la'tion. The process of volatilizing by heat 
and recondensing fluids or fluid constituents. 



Distilling Apparatus for Nitrogen Determination 
(Kjeldahl). —A. Distillation flask. B. Safety bulb. 
C. Liebig condenser. D. Flask to receive distillate 
and containing the standard acid. E. Safety bulb to 
prevent back-flow. (Emerson.) 

^ Dry d. ; fractional d. tdis-till'ate, the recon¬ 
densed substance. dis-tilled'water = AQUA des- 
TILLATA*. dis-till'ing. i^Kjeldahl’s method. 



Distichous 

Leaves. 

























DISTOCIA 


280 


DODECOIC ACID 


dis-to'cia. =Ditocia, which is preferable. 
Dis'toma, Dis'tomum. A former generic name for 
the trematodes, or flukes, parasitic worms ventro- 
dorsally flattened, oval, and from a few millimetres 
to a few centimetres long. Part of the lifescycle is 
usually passed in certain snails, and the adults 
(in man, cattle, etc.) infect the blood, intestine, 
liver, lung, etc. D. bus'ki, D. cras'sum = Fascio- 
Lopsis BUSKi. D. haemato'bium = Schistosoma 
H^MATOBiuM. D. hepat'icum = Fasciola hepat- 
iCA. D. lanceola'tum=OpiSTHORCHis felineus. 
D. pulmo'num, D. ring'eri, ^ paragonimiasis. 
D. sibir'icum = Opisthorchis felineus. D. si- 
nen'se, ^ Clonorchis endemicus. fdis-to-ma- 
to'sis, dis-to-mi'a-sis. 
dis-tort'ed vision. = Metamorphopsia. 
dis-tor'tion. Unnatural disposition of parts, as in 
curvature of the spine, etc. Dislocation. 
distor'tor o'ris. = Zygomaticus minor. [ L.] 
dis-trac'tion. i. A drawing asunder. 2. Reduction 
of dislocations by extension and counter^exten- 
sion. 3. Derangement' of the mind; madness, 
dis-tri-bu'tion. The arrangement or location of the 
terminal branches of an artery or of a nerve, 
dis'trix. Forky hair; splitting of the hairs at their 
free end. 

di-sub'sti-tu-ted. Having molecules two of whose 
atoms are replaced by other atoms, 
di-sul'phate. i. =Acid sulphate. 2. A salt of 
disulphuric acid. 

di-sul'phide. A sulphide whose molecule contains 
two atoms of sulphur. 

di-sul-phu'ric acid. A crystalline acid, H2S2O7, 
formed in the manufacture of Nordhausen sul¬ 
phuric acid; pyrosulphuric acid, 
dis-use'samblyopia. Amblyopia from lack of using 
the eyes. 

di'ta, dit'a-ine, di-tam'ine. j^Alstonia scholaris. 
di-ter'e-bene. =Colophene. 

di-thi'on. A proprietary antirheumatic salicylate, 
dith-i-on'ic acid. The unstable compound, H-O- 
SO2-SO2-O-H; hyposulphuric acid. 
di-thi*o-sal-i-cyl'ic acid. A yellow amorphous an¬ 
tirheumatic, (C7H503S)2. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). 
Dith'marsch’s disease. Chronic ulcerative syphi¬ 
litic or leprous skin diseases occurring in Holstein, 
di-thymolsdi-i'o-dide. =Thymolis iodidum*. 
di-to'ci a. Birth of twins: preferable to dfs/ocfa. 
di-tol'yl. A colorless, crystalline substance, 
dit'ta-ny. ^Cunila; Dictamnus. 
dit-to'pia, dit-top'sia. =Diplopia. 

Dit'trich’s plugs. Putrid brown bronchial casts 
expectorated in bronchitis and bronchiectasis. 
D.’s stenosis, stenosis of the conus arteriosus, 
di-u'ra-zin. Theobromine*acetylmethylenesalicyl- 
ate: used like theobromine, 
di-u-resn-aes-the'sis. The desire to urinate, 
di-u-re'sis. i. Increased discharge of urine, from 
whatever cause. 2. = Diabetes insipidus. 
di-u-ret'ic. Causing diuresis. D. salt, potassium 
acetate. D. species, D. tea = species diuretics. 
di-u-re'tin. = Theobromine sodium salicylate. 
di-ur'nal. In the daytime, or for only a day. D. epi¬ 
lepsy, epilepsy with attacks only during the day. 
Div. Abbr. for L. div'ide divide, as D. in par'tes 
cequa'les divide into equal parts, 
di-va-ga'tion. The use of incoherent language, as of 
a delirious or insane person, 
div'a-lent. = Bivalent. D. alcohol, a diatomic 
alcohol. 

di-var-i-ca'tion. Bifurcation, as of an artery, 
di-vel'lent. Pulling asunder or separating. 


di-ver'gence. Trending or inclining asunder; espe¬ 
cially, the degree to which the visual axes can be 
turned outward, tdi-ver'gent, spreading widely, 
as D. squint or strabismus, ^strabismus. 
div'er’s paralysis. = Caisson disease. 
di-ver-tic'u-lum, di-ver'ti-cle. A pouch or cuDde* 
sac, whether normal or abnormal, leading from a 
main cavity, as Meckel’s d.: and Vater’s d. (= 
Vater’s ampulla). ^Traction diverticulum. 
D. of Nuck = Nuck’s canal. Pulsion d., a diver¬ 
ticulum due to pressure from within. D. supe'rius 
ventric'uli ter'tii, the upper diverticulum of the 
third ventricle in the brain; intrapineal or pineal 
recess. [< L. diver'tere to turn aside.] fdi-ver- 
tic'u-lar, as D. hernia, hernia of an intestinal 
diverticulum. 

di-vi'ded doses. Fractions of the regular dose of a 
medicine, taken at short intervals. D. respira¬ 
tion, respiration with a prolonged interval between 
inspiration and expiration, 
divisdiv'i. The highly astringent, tannin ^contain¬ 
ing pods of Ccesalpin'ia coria'ria and C. tincto'ria. 
South American plants. 

di-vi'sion. i. Separation into parts. 2. One of the 
separated parts. 3. That which separates, 
di-vulse'. To pull apart by force. [<. L,. divel'lere.] 
fdi-vul'sion, in surgery, the forcible separation or 
laceration of a part, as in stricture, Dilata¬ 
tion ; RUPTURE, di-vul'sor, an instrument for 
performing divulsion or forcible dilatation, 
diz'zi-ness. = Vertigo. 

Doane’s sign. In typhoid fever deafness in one 
ear foretells death, deafness in both being a 
favorable sign. 

Do-bell’s' solution. An alkaline antiseptic fluid, 
often used as a spray; liquor sodii boratis com- 
positus, N. F. It contains carbolic acid, 3 Gm.; 
sodium borate and sodium bicarbonate, each, 15 
Gm.; glycerin, 35 Cc.; and water, to 1000 Cc. 
Do'bie’s lines or stripes. = Krause’s membrane. 
doch-mi'a-sis, doch-mi-o'sis. = Ankylostomiasis. 
Doch'mius. A genus of thread^worms of the fami¬ 
ly Strongy'lidce. Negator; Uncinaria. D. 

duodenalis = Ankylostoma duodenale. 
doc-i-ma'si a. Examination; assaying. D. pulmo'¬ 
num, D. pulmona'lis, in medical jurisprudence, 
the testing of the lungs of a dead newborn child 
in order to ascertain whether it has ever 
breathed, i. e., whether it was bom alive or 
dead. [< to examine.] 

dock. Any one of several species of Rumex, coarse 
weedy plants. 

dock'mack-ie. A caprifoliaceous shmb, Vibur'nunt 
acerifo'lium: said to be alterative and discutient. 
doc'tor. I. A degree or title conferred by the faculty 
of a university or college, as D. of medicine, the 
degree conferred usually after four years’ study 
of scientific and practical medicine. 2. A physi¬ 
cian or surgeon. (For the title of doctor in 
many tongues, see Lancet, July 16, 1910.) D.s 
gum, a resinous substance believed to come from 
Rhus meto'pium, a West Indian sumach; hogsgum. 
D.’s rash, a temporary emption sometimes affect¬ 
ing nervous persons undergoing medical examina¬ 
tion. [L.] 

dod'der. Any of several parasitic species of Cus- 
cu'ta, of Europe and the United States. 

do-dec-a-dac'ty-lon. = Duodenum. tdO“dec*a-dac- 

ty-li'tis. = DUODENITIS. 

do'de-cane. An oily liquid, Ci2H2g, derived from 
lauric acid. [ < dode/ca twelve.] 

do-de-co'ic acid. = Lauric acid. 


DODONiEA THUNBERGIANA 


281 


DORSALIS 


Dodonae'a thunbergia'na. A sapindaceous South 
African shrub, used as a purgative. 
Do'be-rei-ner’s lamp. An apparatus in which a jet 
of hydrogen is immediately lighted by impinging 
on spongy platinum. [Ger. chemist, 1780-1849.] 
doeg'ling oil. A light oil derived from the Norwegian 
whale, Balce'na rostra'ta: said to be remarkably 
penetrant as an ointment base, fdoeg'lic, doeg- 
lin'ic acid, an oily constituent, Cj<,1^330,, of doeg- 
ling oil. 

dog disease. A peculiar gastric catarrh in man, 
endemic in Austria® Hungary, and probably 
transmitted by bedbugs; summer fever. D.sflea 
= PULEX SERRATICEPS. D. gTaSS = TrITICUM*. 
D.srose=RosA canina. 
dog'bane. =Apocynum*. 
dOg'wOOd. = CORNUS FLORIDA, 
do-la'bra. = Fascia spiralis. 

Dol-beau’s dilator. An instrument with several 
blades for dilating the neck of the bladder. D.’s 
operation, perineal lithotrity. 
do'li ca'pax. A term applied in medical jurispru¬ 
dence to a criminal for whom insanity or tender 
years is pleaded in excuse when inquiry is made as 
to his mental capacity or moral responsibility for 
the crime committed. ^ Imputability. [L., 
“capable of mischief or crime.”] 
do-li-a'ri-in. A vermifuge, digestive, and purgative 
principle from Fi'cus dolia'ria. 
dol'i-cho-. Pertaining to that which is long: a 
combining form. [< doAijdf long.] dol*i-cho-ce- 
phal'ic, having a long head ventrodorsally; having 
the cephalic index less than 75. fdol'i-cho-ceph'- 
a-lus sim'plex, a dolichocephalic condition due to 
synostosis of the sagittal suture. doPi-cho-ceph'- 
a-ly, a dolichocephalic condition.— doPi-cho-fa'- 
cial, having a low facial index.— doPi-cho-hi-er'ic, 
having the sacrum longer than it is broad.— doPi- 
cho-ker'kic, having the angle formed by the spinal 
border of the scapula with its crest over 80°.— 
doPi-cho-kne'mic, having the leg nearly as long 
as the thigh.— doPi-cho-pel'lic, doPi-cho-pel'vic, 
having a pelvis whose anteroposterior diameter 
is more than 85% of its transverse diameter. 
Dol'ichos pru'riens. =Mucuna pruriens. 
doU’s'shead anaesthesia. Anaesthesia of the head, 
neck, and chest. 

dol'o-mol. A* magnesium soap used as a dusting 
powder. 

do'lor, pi. dolo'res. Pain; do'lour. Inflamma¬ 
tion. D. cap'itis = cephalalgia. D. den'tium = 
ODONTALGIA. D. facie'i = NEURALGIA. Dolores 
noctur'ni (terebran'tes), the boring night®pains 
of syphilitic bone disease. [ L.] 
do-ma-to-pho'bia. Insane fear of being in a house; 

claustrophobia; clethrophobia. 
dome. I. The cupola of the ear. 2. The arch or 
upper part of the skull. D.slike placenta, a 
placenta in which the villi remain at the upper 
portion of the chorion, but disappear below, 
do-mes'tic medicine. Medicine as practised by non* 
professional persons. 

dom'ett. A soft, elastic fabric used for bandages. 
Don'ald-son’s test. A copper tartrate test for glucose, 
donda ndugu. A disease of East Africa, marked 
by the formation of a painful sloughing ulcer on 
the leg or foot: said to be caused by a parasite 
in stagnant water. [African, “ brother ulcer.”] 
Don'ders’s glaucoma. Simple atrophic glaucoma, 
do-nee'. = Receptor, def. 2. ty Donor. 
Don-n6’s corpuscles. = Colostrum corpuscles. 
D.’s test, a test for pus, made by treating the 


deposit with 10% liquor potassae: a gelatinous 
substance like white of egg indicates pus. 
do'nor. The person furnishing blood for transfusion. 
Don'o-van’s solution. = Liquor arseni et hy- 
drargyri iodidi*. 
doo'ra, dou'ra. = Sorghum. 

Door'nick’s line. A line from the middle incisors 
to the highest occipital point, 
dope. A popular name for a poisonous or narcotic 
drug improperly used, as chloral hydrate. 
Dore'ma ammoni'acum. The Persian umbellifer¬ 
ous herb which yields ammoniacum. 
dor'mant. Sleeping; inactive; quiescent; con¬ 
cealed. [< L. dormi're to sleep.] 
dor'mi-ol. Dimethylethylcarbinolchloral; amylene 
chloral: a sedative and hypnotic, 
dor'mi-tive. = Hypnotic, def. 2. 
dorisad. Towards the back or dorsal region, 
dor'sal. Belonging to the back or dorsum; dor¬ 
salis*. D. aorta, descending aorta. D. artery, 
^ dorsalis*. D. aspect, the upper surface of a 
part. D. column of the spinal cord = posterior 
COLUMN. D. decubitus, recumbency on the back. 
D. dislocation, backward dislocation of the head 
of the femur. D. elevated position or posture, 
dorsal decubitus with the head and shoulders 
elevated. D. fissure, the posterior median fissure 
of the spinal cord. D. furrow, the groove on 
either side of the spine in the middle of the 
back. D. gland = SCAPULAR gland. D. hernia 
= LUMBAR hernia. D. lamina = D. plate. D. 
layer, a layer of fine nerve*fibres separating the 
optic thalamus from the tegmental region below 
it. D. muscles, the muscles of the back. D. 
nerves, the spinal nerves which issue from be¬ 
tween the dorsal vertebrae; thoracic nerves. D. 
nucleus = principal auditory nucleus. D. 
plate, either of the two ridges, formed by folds 
of the blastoderm, on the dorsum of the embryo, 
which unite to form the neural canal. D. posi¬ 
tion =D. RECUMBENT POSITION. D. recess, the 
recess in the cavity of the thorax on either side 
of the spine, formed by the backward extension 
of the ribs. D. recumbent position or posture, 
that position in which the patient lies on his 
back with legs moderately flexed and rotated 
outward; back posture. D. reflex, contraction 
of the muscles of the back (the erector spinae 
muscles) produced by stimulating the skin over 
them; erector spinae reflex. D. ridge = D. plate. 
D. root = POSTERIOR ROOT. D. sac, a sinus or 
depressed part between the pineal gland and the 
roof of the third ventricle. D. vagoglossopharyn¬ 
geal nucleus, a long column of cells dorsad to the 
hypoglossal nucleus. D. vein of the clitoris, a 
branch to the vesicovaginal plexus from the 
clitoris. D. vein of the penis, a vein running 
along the dorsum of the penis to the vesico- 
prostatic plexus. D. vertebrae, the twelve verte¬ 
brae which are connected with the ribs, the 
eighth to the nineteenth inclusive; thoracic ver¬ 
tebrae. [< L. dorsa'lis, fr. dor'sum back.] 
dor-sa'lis*. i. Dorsal. 2. Any of several dorsal 
arteries. D. hallu'cis, a branch of the dorsalis 
pedis artery to the great and second toe. D. 
in'dicis, the dorsal artery of the index finger. D. 
lin'guae, a branch of the lingual artery to the 
tongue and fauces. D. pe'dis, a continuation of 
the anterior tibial artery, helping to form the 
plantar arch and giving off branches to the 
tarsus, foot, and toes. D. pol'licis, the dorsal 
artery of the thumb: a branch of the radial 


DORSI- 


282 


DOUGLAS’S CULsDEsSAC 


artery. D. scap'ulae, a branch of the subscap¬ 
ular artery, supplying the muscles of the scapula 
and shouldersjoint. 

dor'si-. Pertaining to the back: a combining form. 
[< L. dor'sum back.] dor'si-duct, to move 
toward the back.— dor-si-lum'bar = dorsolum- 
BAR.— dor-si-me'sal, situated along the dor-si- 
me'son, or middle longitudinal line of the back, 
fdor-si-me'sad, toward the dorsimeson.— dor-si- 
spi'nal veins, several veins forming a network 
around the vertebral arches and processes, 
dor'so-. Pertaining to the back: a combining 
form. [< L. dor'sum back.] dor'so=ab-dom'i- 
nal, . pertaining alike to the back and to the 
abdomen.— dor'sosan-te'ri or position, that posi¬ 
tion of the foetus in utero in which its back is 
directed forward. — dor-so-ceph'a-lad, toward 
the back of the head.— dor-so-dyn'i a, pain in 
the muscles of the back.— dor’so=ep-i-troch-le- 
a'ris, an occasional muscle arising from the ten¬ 
don of the latissimus dorsi and inserted into the 
fascia of the arm.— dor"so=in-ter-cos'tal neural¬ 
gia, neuralgic pain in the back and between the 
ribs.— dor-so-lum'bar, relating to the back and 
the loins, as D. curve, the double curve made by 
the back in the region of the loins: and D. nerve, 
a slender nerve connecting the last dorsal with 
the first lumbar nerve.— dor-so-me'di an, dor-so- 
me'sal, relating to the median line of the back, 
as D. column, the posterior median column of 
the spinal cord.— dor-so=oc-cip'i-tal muscle = 
COMPLEXUS. — dor'so-pos-te'ri or position, that 
position of the foetus in utero in which its 
back is directed backward.— dor-so-sa'cral posi¬ 
tion or posture, the position of a patient flat on 
the back with legs and thighs flexed and thighs 
abducted; lithotomy position. — dor-so-scap'u- 
lar, pertaining to the back and the shoulder, as 
D. arfcry = DORSALIS scapula: and D. muscles, 
the rhomboid muscles.— dor-sos'se us, any dorsal 
interosseous muscle. — dor-sosul'nar, relating to 
the back of the hand and to the ulna. 

Dorste'nia. Contrayerva. 

dor'sum, gen. dor'si. The back or dorsal surface of 
the body or of a part, as D. ephip'pii or D. sel'lce, 
the quadrate bony back of the sella turcica; 
cli/us bhimenbachi: D. il'ii, the back of the body 
of the ilium: D. lin'guce, the root of the tongue: 
and D. pe'dis, the back of the foot, fdorsua'lis. 
do'sage. i. The determination of proper doses. 2. 
A system of doses. [ F.] 

dose. The determinate quantity of a therapeutic 
agent, as a drug, electricity, light, etc., given to 
patients at one time. Lethal. [< docr/f.] 
do-sim'e-ter. A device for the accurate measure¬ 
ment of doses, tdo-si-met'ric, relating to the 
dosimeter or to do-sim'e-try. i. The measure¬ 
ment of doses; the use of the dosimeter. 2. A 
system of giving alkaloids and other drugs in 
granules of definite strength; atomistic medicine, 
do-si-ol'o-gy. The science of therapeutic dosage, 
especially when maximal. 

do' sis curati'va. The cure of an infection by means 
of a single dose of the remedy administered; 
abbr. C. 

dos'sil. A small roll or pledget of lint, 
do'tage. Second childhood; senile decay, 
doth'ien. A furuncle or boil. [Gr.] fdothfl-en- 
en-te-ri'tis, doth-i-nen-te-ri'tis, typhoid fever, 
dot'ted opacity. = Keratitis punctata. D. sub¬ 
stance, the granular substance which composes a 
large portion of the central nervous system of 


invertebrates. D. tongue, a tongue in which the 
papillae are distinct and separate and covered by 
a white patch of epithelium, 
doub'le. Twofold; in pairs; reduplicated. D. athe¬ 
tosis, bilateral athetosis: indicative of infantile 
spastic paraplegia. D.sbordered nervesfibre, 
medullated nervesfibre. D. chin = buccula. 
D. consciousness, an apparent alternating redu¬ 
plication of personality, generally due to the rep¬ 
etition of periods of introspection until they be¬ 
come habitual; dissociation of personality. D.s 
flap amputation, amputation in which two flaps of 
the soft tissues are formed. D. fracture, fracture 
of a bone in two places. D. gestation, i. Twin 
pregnancy. 2. Coexistent uterine and extra* 
uterine pregnancy. D. harelip, harelip. D. 
hearing = dielacusis. D. hermaphroditism = 
COMPLEX HERMAPHRODITISM. D. hymen, the con¬ 
dition of membranous constriction of the vagina 
above the hymen. D. image, Diplopia. D. 
joint, an apparent doubling of a joint, as from 
interposition of cartilages between the artic¬ 
ulating surfaces of the bones. D. knife =Valen- 
TINE’s knife. D. knot = FRICTION KNOT. D. 
ligature, the application of two ligatures. D. 
monstrosity, a fetal monstrosity which consists 
of two bodies more or less complete, or of por¬ 
tions of two bodies. D. personality = D. con¬ 
sciousness. D. placenta = PLACENTA duplex. 
D. pleurisy, bilateral pleurisy. D. pneumonia, 
pneumonia of both lungs. D. prominence, an 
abnormal prominence sometimes seen at the 
junction of the first and second sacral vertebrae; 
false prominence. D. quartan, ^quartan. D. 
quotidian, quotidian. D. refraction, re¬ 
fraction, D. salt, a salt containing two differ¬ 
ent anions or two different kations, as sodium 
and potassium tartrate, or copper aceto*arsenite. 
D. spectrum = COMPARISON spectrum. D. stain¬ 
ing, the staining of a tissue with two dyes, each 
of which has a special affinity for a certain struct¬ 
ure. D. tertian, i®* tertian. D. thought, an abnor¬ 
mal mental process characterized by the repeti¬ 
tion or reduplication of thoughts or mental im¬ 
pressions. D. touch, a combination of vaginal 
and rectal exploration, made by inserting the 
thumb into one cavity and the index finger into 
the other. D. uterus, a uterus Vith a double 
cavity, due to incomplete fusion of the mullerian 
ducts. D. vagina, a vag^ina with a double canal, 
due to faulty union of the mullerian ducts. D. 
vision = DIPLOPIA. D. vitriol, mixed copper and 
iron sulphates. D. voice = diphthongia. . 
doubt'ing insanity. Insanity marked by delusions 
of doubt, despair, or suspicion, 
douche (dush). i. A stream of water or other 
fluid propelled against some part of the body or 
into some cavity. 2. An instrument for direct¬ 
ing and applying such a stream. Special forms 
are employed for the nasal passages, vagina, eye, 
etc. D. filiforme = AQUAPUNCTURE. [F.] 
Doug'las’s culsdessac or pouch, A pouch of the 
peritoneum between the upper part of the vagina 
and the uterus and the rectum; rectovaginal 
pouch; uterorectal pouch. D.’s fold, the cres- 
cent*shaped margin of the lower part of the 
posterior wall of the sheath of the rectus muscle. 
D.’s ligament, the recto*uterine folds of the peri¬ 
toneum. D.’s line = SEMICIRCULAR line. D.’s 
powder, a mixture of carbolic acid, calcium sul¬ 
phite, and chalk: used as a disinfectant. D.’s 
space = D.’s cul*de*sac. tdoug-la-si'tis. 


DOUNDAKE 


DROPsFOOT 


283 


doundak6 (diin-da-ke). The bark of Sarcoceph'- 
alus esculen'tus, of Africa: an astringent and 
tonic febrifuge, 
dou'ra, doo'ra. = Sorghum. 

dou'rine. Venereal disease of horses: due to Trypa- 
noso'ma equiper'dum; transmissible to man. 
d’Ou-tre-pont’s method. A method of combined ce¬ 
phalic VERSION. 

Do'ver’s powder. = Pulvis ipecacuanha etopii*. 

[< Thomas Dover, English physician, 1660-1742.] 
dove'tail joint. A serrated suture, 
dow el. A wooden or metallic pin for joining an 
artificial crown to the root of a natural tooth or 
for fastening bones together. 

Dow'ell’s operation. An operation for hernia by 
invaginating the sac so that the fundus closes 
the mouth, and then securing it by sutures 
introduced by a “ shuttle ” needle. 

Doyen’s operation (dwd-yohz). Eversion of the sac 
for the relief of hydrocele. D.’s serum, a serum 
against cancer, from cows whose udders have been 
infected with the Micrococ'cus neofor'mans. 
Doylre’s cone, eminence, papilla, or tuft (dw 4 -yerz). 
The slight elevation on a muscular fibre above 
the endsplate of a motor nerve ^filament. 

Dr. Abbr. for drachm or drachms, and for doctor. 
drab'=col-ored patches. Patches on the livers of 
persons exposed to a tropical climate: said to be 
due to coagulative necrosis. 

Dracae'na. A genus of liliaceous plants. D. dra'- 
co, the dragonstree, produces dragon’s blood, 
from a concentrated alcoholic solution of which 
dra'cin is precipitated by cold water, 
drachm (dram). Sixty grains, Weights and 
measures, table of. [< dpaxfiv a weight.] 
Dracoceph'alum. A genus of labiate herbs. D. 
canarien'se and D. molda'vicunt are antispas- 
modic. [< SpaKuv dragon + KecjjaX?/ head.] 
drac'o-nin. A resin from dragon’s blood. 
drac-on-ti'a-sis. Infection with Dracun'culus. 
Dracon'tium. A genus of araceous plants. The 
root of D. foe'tidum, skunk^cabbage, is stimu¬ 
lant, antispasmodic, and narcotic. Dose, i Gm. 
(15 grs.). 

Dracun'culus medinen'sis. = Guinea worm. D. 
lo'a = Filaria loa. 

dragee (dra-zhe). A sugared pill or a medicated 
sweetmeat. [F.] 

Dra'gen-dorff’s reagent. A solution of bismuth 
and potassium iodides: an alkaloidal reagent, 
drag'on’s blood. The brownish^red astringent resin 
of the East Indian tree, Cal'amus dra'co; also, a 
similar resin from other trees, drag'onstree = 
Dracana draco. 

drain, i. A drainage tube, or strands of catgut 
or horseshair, used to promote the escape of fluids 
from an abscess or a wound. 2. A sewer or waste* 
pipe. D.sthroat, sore throat caused by breathing 
the poisonous air of defective drains, 
drain'age. i. The removal of an excess of water 
from soil. 2. The act of gradually drawing off 
purulent or other fluids from abscesses, wounds, 
or cavities such as the pleural sac or the bladder. 
D. anchor, an india*rubber filament inserted into 
a cavity and kept in position by projecting arms. 
D. probe, a probe used to assist drainage. D. 
tube, a fenestrated tube for draining a cavity, 
dram. = Drachm. 

dram'a-tism. Pompous and dramatic speech and 
behavior as a symptom of insanity, 
drap-e-to-ma'ni a. An insane propensity for run¬ 
ning away from home. 


dras'tic. r. Acting severely or thoroughly. 2. A 
powerful purgative medicine. [< SpaariKog.] 
draught. A potion, or what a person drinks at 
once. D. of Rive'rius, solution of sodium citrate, 
drawn. —Eviscerated: said especially of fowls. 
draw'=plate. A perforated steel plate with gradu¬ 
ally diminishing holes, for the purpose of reducing 
the size of wire and metal tubing. D.ssheet, an 
extra sheet arranged so as to be easily placed or 
withdrawn. D.stube, a sliding tube which adjusts 
the length of the body of a microscope, 
dray'men’s bottom. Enlargement of the bursa over 
the tuberosity of the ischium: seen in draymen, 
dream. A physiological condition of hallucinatory 
mental activity, probably always accompanying 
sleep: in deep sleep almost immediately for¬ 
gotten ; in light sleep readily influenced by slight 
sensory stimuli and more easily remembered. 
Drech'sel’s test. i. A phosphoric acid and cane 
sugar test, a reddishsbrown color indicating 
bile. 2. A test for xanthine: copper chloride 
added to an ammoniacal solution of the sub¬ 
stance gives a muddy precipitate with xanthine, 
drench. A form of medicine used in farriery, 
analogous to a draught. 

drep-a-nid'i um. The sicklesshaped larva of cer¬ 
tain protozoa, sometimes entozoan and parasitic, 
but probably not found in man. 
dress'er. A surgical assistant who dresses and 
bandages wounds. 

dress'ing. i. The methodical application of a 
remedy, or bandage, or other appliance, to a 
wound or diseased part. 2. The remedy or 
thing applied. D. forceps, a scissor*handied 
forceps for removing dressings. 

Dress'ler’s disease. Recurrent haemoglobinuria. 
Drew'sen’s test. = Bayer’s test. 
drib'bling. The continued escape of small quan¬ 
tities of liquid, as urine or saliva, 
dried alum. =Alumen exsiccatum*. D. gypsum 

= CALCII SULPHAS EXSICCATUS*. 

Dri-gal'skisCon-ra'di medium. A culture medium 
of sterilized bile used for demonstrating the 
presence of typhoid bacilli, 
drill. A instrument for making holes in a hard 
substance, as bone. D.shone, a sesamoid bone at 
the insertion of the left deltoid muscle, caused 
in soldiers by the pressure of the musket. 

Dri'mys winte'ri, D. aromat'ica. [^Winter’s bark. 
drink. Any liquid to quench thirst, 
driv'el. To dribble saliva from the mouth, as in 
old age, infancy, or idiocy; to slaver; to drool, 
tdriv'el-ling, involuntary dribbling of the saliva, 
dri'ver’s spasm. A neurosis in drivers, causing 
cramps in the arms on taking the reins, 
drom'o-graph. A recording h^emodromometer. 
drop. I. The quantity of a liquid which detaches 
itself in a spheroidal form when the liquid is very 
slowly poured: it varies from | min. to mins., 
according to the viscosity and specific gravity of 
the fluid and the shape and size of the orifice 
from which it is poured. A drop of a fluidex- 
tract, spirit, tincture, or essential oil is usually 
about ^ min. 2. A medicine given in drops. 
k^Meiostagmine reaction. 3. A troche. D.s 
culture, a bacteriological culture made by plac¬ 
ing a drop of the pathogenic material in a culture* 
medium. D. serene = gutta sbrena. 
dro'pax. A depilatory pitch ^piaster. [Gr.] 
drop'sfoot. Paralysis of the flexors of the foot. 
D.sshoulder, that deformity in which one shoulder 
is lower than the other. D.swrist = wrist*drop. 


DROPLET INFECTION 


284 


DUCHENNE’S DISEASE 


drop'let infection. Infection by minute drops of 
saliva: shown to be liable to occur within several 
metres of one sneezing, coughing, or speaking, 
but not breathing quietly through the mouth, 
dropped'ebeat pulse. A pulse in which one or more 
beats are dropped or omitted; intermittent pulse. 
D. feet = DRoP*FooT. D. hand = wrist*drop. 
D. lid= PTOSIS. D. wrist = wRisTsDROP. 
drop'per. A bottle, tube, or pipette for emitting 
fluid by drops, fdrop'ping, as D.’‘bottle or “tube, 
an instrument for supplying small quantities of 
liquid, water, etc.; edulcorator. 
drop'sy. The excessive accumulation of serous fluid 
in the subcutaneous cellular tissue or in a serous 
cavity. ^Hydrops. Acute renal d., acute 
NEPHRITIS. D. of the amnion = HYDRAMNION. 
D. of the belly = ASCITES. D. of the brain = 
HYDROCEPHALUS. D. of the CheSt = HYDROTHORAX. 
D. of the flesh = ANASARCA. D. of the joints = hy¬ 
drops ARTicuLi. D. of the kidney = hydrone¬ 
phrosis. D. of the spine = HYDRORRHACHIS. D. 
of the testicle = hydrocele. D. of the uterus = 
hydrometra. [< L. hydrops, fr. vdpo^p, fr. v 6 up 
water.] fdrop'si-cal, as D. = ankylos¬ 

tomiasis. 

Dros'era rotundifo'lia. The round*leaved sundew, 
an insect«=catching plant used in making the 
liquor called rosoglio. tdros'e-rin, an antiseptic 
and pepsin clike ferment from the secretions of 
various insectivorous plants, 
drug. Any medicine for external or internal use 
or both. [ Tf U.S. Food and Drugs Act, 1906.] 
D.seruption, exanthem, or s:rash = dermatitis 
MEDICAMENTOSA, fdrug'gist, One who sells drugs 
and medicines, Pharmacist. 
drum belly. = Tympanites. D. cavity, D. of the 
ear = TYMPANUM. D.shead, the membrana tym- 
pani. D. probe, a probe with a drum^like attach¬ 
ment sounding when striking foreign bodies, 
drum'ine, drum'mine. An alkaloid from Euphor'bia 
drumnton'di, a poisonous Australian plant. 
Drum'mond’s murmur or whiff. A slight expira¬ 
tory murmur heard at the mouth in aortic aneur¬ 
ism ; oral whiff. 

drunk'ard's arm=paralysis. A special form of muscu- 
lospiral paralysis. D.’s ataxia = alcoholic 
ATAXIA. D.’s itch, an intense itching in chronic 
alcoholics. D.’s liver, cirrhotic liver. D.’s pan¬ 
creas, chronic pancreatitis due to alcoholism. 
D.’s paralysis, alcoholic paraplegia. D.’s pneumo¬ 
nia, pneumonia in drunkards: usually fatal, 
dru'pose. A substance, CjjH^gOg, obtained from 
concretions in pears by boiling hydrochloric acid, 
druse, i. A wound, lesion, or cavity which does 
not reach the surface of the organism. 2. An 
ulcerous disease of horses, due to Streptococ'cus 
e'qui. Antistreptococcic serum, def. 2. 
dry. Free from moisture; not wet. D. abscess, an 
abscess which dries up without breaking. D. 
amputation, a bloodless amputation, the circula¬ 
tion being controlled by mechanical means. D. 
bellysache, colica pictonum. D. bionchitis, tm- 
BRONCHiTis. D. caries, rarefying osteitis. D. 
catarrh, chronic bronchitis with very little ex¬ 
pectoration. D. cell, a galvanic cell in which 
the fluid is absorbed by paper or other bibulous 
substance: the usual type has a carbon rod sur¬ 
rounded by the depolarizer and by sal ammoniac, 
these being sealed in a zinc can which acts as the 
positive element. D. clap = GONORRHCEA sicca. 
D. cough, a cough without a discharge of mucus. 
D. cup, a glass used for dry cupping. D. cupping, 


cupping without scarification, to produce local 
hyperaemia. D. distillation, distillation of solids, 
partial decomposition and liberation of volatile 
substances being caused by the heat applied. D. 
extract, a powdered extract, usually with the ad¬ 
dition of sugar of milk or some other inactive 
ingredient. D. fomentation, fomentation. 
D. gangrene, tsr gangrene. D. labor, labor 
marked by lack of amniotic fluid. D. laryngitis, 
IS-laryngitis. D. mouth = xerostomia. D. 
necrosis, the common form of necrosis, in which 
the dead bone is dry. D. nurse, a nurse who does 
not suckle the child. D. objective, a microscopical 
objective used without any immersion fluid. D. 
operation, a bloodless operation. D. ophthalmia 
= XEROPHTHALMIA. D. pericarditis, pericarditis 
without effusion. D. pile. i. A galvanic pile 
usually constructed with pairs of metallic plates 
separated by layers of farinaceous paste mixed 
with common salt. 2. A non*bleeding hemor¬ 
rhoid. D. pleurisy, pleurisy in which the exuda¬ 
tion is mainly fibrinous. D. rale, a rale with a 
rattling produced by constriction of the air=pas- 
sages. D. rot, a dry fungous destruction of 
wood. D. suture, the appli¬ 
cation of a piece of adhesive 
plaster, having a selvage, 
along each side of a wound, 
the selvages opposing each 
other, and then drawing 
them together by sewing 
them with a common needle. 

D. synovitis, synovitis. 

D. tetter, TETTER. D. 
tongue = XEROSTOMIA. D. 
vomiting, retching without 
the di.scharge of any matter, 
sugar has been almost completely fermented to 
alcohol, fdry'ing, as D. oven, an oven for drying 
precipitates, pharmaceutical substances, etc. 

Dryop'teris. i^Aspidium. 

Drys'dale’s cells or corpuscles. Transparent micro¬ 
scopic granular cells in the fluid of ovarian cysts. 

du'a-lism. Unicism. 

du-al'i-ty. The doctrine of the physiological inde¬ 
pendence of the two cerebral hemispheres. 

Du-bi'ni’s disease. = Electrical chorea. 

Dub'lin method, i. Treatment of an aneurism by 
proximal compression of the vessel. 2. Compres¬ 
sion of the uterus as soon as the head is bom. 

du-boi'sine. An alkaloid, CjyHgjNOj, identical with 
hyoscyamine, from Duboi'sia myoporoi'des, a 
shnib or small tree of Australia: its properties 
are similar to those of atropine. D. sulphate is 
hypnotic and sedative, and is used (usually hypo¬ 
dermically) in psychic disturbances. Dose, hypo¬ 
dermically, 0.0002 to 0.001 Gm. to gr.). 

Du-boissRey-mond’s key. A short-circuiting key 
used in physiological experiments. D.sR.’s coil 
or inductorium, a form of induction coil. [Emile 
Dubois“Reymond, French physiologist, i8i8-’96.] 

Du-bois’s' abscess. Abscess of the thymus in con¬ 
genital syphilis. D.’s caustic, red mercuric sul¬ 
phide, 16 parts; dragon’s blood, 8 parts; arsen¬ 
ous acid, I part. 

Du-chenne’s disease. i. Progressive locomotor 
ataxia. 2. Progressive muscular atrophy, with¬ 
out spastic paralysis. 3. =Duchenne’s pa¬ 
ralysis. D.’s paralysis, i. Pseudo-hypertrophic 
muscular dystrophy. 2. Progressive bulbar pa¬ 
ralysis, affecting tongue, larynx, lips, and lower 
part of the face; bulbar paralysis. D.’s sign, 



D. wine, wine whose 








DUCKsBILLED SPECULUM 


285 


DUMB 


sinking in of the epigastrium in inspiration in 
diaphragm paralysis and in hydropericardium. 
D.’s trocar, an instrument for removing small 
portions of tissue from deep parts. [< G. B. A. 
Duchenne, French neurologist, 1806-1875.] 
duck'sbilled speculum. A vaginal speculum whose 
valves resemble a duck’s bill, 
duck'sfoot. = Flat-foot. 

Du-crey’s bacillus. = Bacillus cancrosi. 
duct. A tube or canal conveying fluid. For the 
anatomical ducts, see the adjectives and proper 
names. [< L. duc'tus, fr. du'cere to lead.] 
duc'tile. Capable of being drawn into wire, as iron, 
ductless. Without an excretory duct. D. glands, 
glands without an excretory duct, as the coccy¬ 
geal and carotid glands, parathyroids, pineal 
gland, pituitary body, spleen, suprarenal capsule, 
thymus, and thyroid glands: generally furnishing 
an internal secretion to the blood, as do also other 
glands (pancreas, testes, etc.), and certain struct¬ 
ures not usually considered as glands (syrnpa- 
thetic ganglia, corpora lutea, etc.), 
duc'tule. A small duct; a duct’s terminal radicles, 
duc'tus*, pi. duc'tus. = Duct. D. ad na'sum = 
NASAL DUCT. D. aquo'si, the lymphatic vessels. 
D. aran'ti = D. vENosus [Arantii]*. D. arterio'- 
sus [ Botal'li]*, a fetal blood=vessel allowing the 
blood to avoid the lungs by passing directly from 
the pulmonary artery to the aorta. D. choled'- 
ochus*, D. commu'nis choled'ochus, the bile=duct, 
formed by the junction of the cystic and hepatic 
ducts. It conveys the bile into the duodenum. 
D. cochlea'ris*, the membranous cochlea. D. 
cuvi'eri, I®-Cuvier’s ducts. D. cys'ticus*, the 
duct leading from the neck of the gall-bladder to 
join the hepatic, forming with it the ductus com¬ 
munis choledochus. D. def'erens*=VAS deferens. 
D. ef'ferens, any duct through which a gland dis¬ 
charges its secretion. D. ejaculato'rius*, ejacula¬ 
tory duct, the canal formed by the union of the 
vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle, 
opening into the prostatic portion of the urethra, 
into which it conveys the semen: it is about 
three-fourths of an inch long. D. endolymphat'- 
icus*, the canal formed by the lining membrane 
of the auricular vestibule, prolonged through the 
aquaeductus vestibuli, and terminating in the 
saccus endolymphaticus; endolymphatic duct. 
D. eusta'chi = EUSTACHIAN tube. D. galactoph'- 
ori, D. lactif'eri, milk-ducts arising from the 
glandular acini of the mamma and terminating 
in sinuses near the base of the nipple. D. hepat'- 
icus*, the duct formed by the union of the 
excretory ducts of the liver, D. choledochus*. 
D. incisi'vus* or inciso'rius, a continuation of 
the foramen incisivum between the palatine 
processes into the nose. D. lachryma'lis = 
nasal duct. D. lymphat'icus = thoracic duct. 
D. l3rmphat'icus dex'ter, a duct formed by the 
lymphatics of the right side of the thorax, and 
opening into the junction of the right jugular 
and subclavian veins. D. nasa'lis, D. nasos 
lacrima'lis* = nasal duct. D. pancreat'icus 
[Wirsung'i] *, the pancreatic duct; duct of Wir- 
sung: it joins the common bile-duct at its en¬ 
trance into the duodenum. D. pancreat'icus 
accesso'rius [Santori'ni]*, the accessory pancre¬ 
atic duct, opening separately into the duodenum; 
duct of Santorini. D. perilymphat'icus, a duct 
formed by the lining membrane of the cochlea, 
prolonged through the aquaeductus cochleae. D. 
prostat'ici*, the ducts of the prostate gland, from 


20 to 25 in number, opening into the prostatic 
urethra on each side of the verumontanum. D. 
rec'ti, the straight tubes of the uriniferous 
tubules, which lie side by side in the pyramids 
of the kidney; tubuli bellini; collecting tubes. 
D. reu'niens [Hen'seni]* = canalis reuniens. D. 
rivi'ni, any one of the numerous (10 to 20) ducts 
of the sublingual gland. They open along the 
ridge of the mouth. D. saliva'ris infe'rior = 
Wharton’s duct. D. spennat'icus = vas def¬ 
erens. D. stenonia'nus = Stenon’s duct. D. 
thora'cicus = thoracic duct. D. thora'cicus 
dex'ter = D. LYMPHATicus dexter. D. veno'sus 
[Aran'tii]*, a blood-vessel peculiar to the foetus, 
establishing a direct communication between the 
umbilical vein and the vena cava ascendens. D. 
vitelli'nus = UMBILICAL duct. D. walthe'ri = D. 
RiviNi. D. whartonia'nus = Wharton’s duct. 
D. wirsungia'nus, the- pancreatic duct. D. wolfiB 

= WOLFFIAN DUCT. 

Dud'ley’s operation. Stituring of a retroverted 
uterus to the round ligament through an abdomi¬ 
nal opening. D.’s test, a bismuth test for glucose. 
Dii'rer’s facial angle. The angle between a line tan¬ 
gent to the forehead and the lobule of the nose 
and a line tangent to the lobe of the ear and the 
base of the nose. D.’s plane, a plane tangent to 
the lobe of the ear and the base of the nose. 
Duflos’s antidote (dii-fldz). Ferric acetate with an 
excess of ferric hydrate; an antidote for arsenic. 
D.’s test, a test for picrotoxin: adding a solution 
of potassium bichromate gives a green color. 
Dugas’s test (du-gaz). A test for dislocation of the 
shoulder: with the hand of the affected side on the 
sound shoulder inability to touch the elbow of 
the injured arm to the chest indicates dislocation, 
du'gong. A marine mammal, Hali'core du'gong, of 
the East Indies: its oil is used like cod-liver oil. 
Duhr'ing’s disease. Dermatitis herpetiformis. 
Duhrs'sen’s method. The treatment of placenta 
PR.EVIA by C.esarean section, with the use of 
the .METREURYNTER. M.R. ij. ’lo.] 
DujardinsBeaumetz’s solution (dii-zhar-dah-bo- 
mcts). A solution of sodium carbonate, potas¬ 
sium sulphate, and sodium lactate, i part each; 
sodium phosphate, 0.5 part; sodium chloride, 3.1 
parts; in distilled water, 1000 parts: used for 
injection in infectious diseases. 

Dukes’s disease. A “ fourth disease,” distinct from 
scarlatina, measles, and rubella, having a rapidly 
developing bright red eruption which soon dis¬ 
appears. Complications are uncommon, 
dul-ca-ma'ra. The 1890 U. S. P. name of the 
young branches of Sola'num dulcama'ra; bitter¬ 
sweet. Dose, 3 Gm. (45 grs.). It yields dul-ca- 
ma'rin, a glucoside, CgaHg^OjQ. 
dulce'do sputo'rum. Sweetness of sputum. [L. ] 
dul'cin. =SucROL. 

dul'cite, dul'ci-tol, dul'cose. A hexatomic alcohol, 
C6Hj40g, occurring in various plants, and pre¬ 
pared artificially from milk-sugar; melampyrinc; 
melampyrite. Said to be a hundred times as 
sweet as sugar. When heated it yields dul'ci-tan, 
a syrupy substance, CgHj205. fdul'ci-tose, glucose 
obtained from dulcite. ® 

dul'ness. i. The state of being dull. 2. A quality 
of percussion-sound which lacks resonance, 
dulse. Any of several edible sea-weeds, Rhodynte'- 
nia palma'ta, popularly used as a pectoral, 
dumb. =Mute, def. I. D. ague, malarial fever with 
obscure exacerbations and intermittencv. D.= 
b«ll. I A weight of iron or wood consisting of twcj 


DUMBNESS 


286 


DUVERGIER’S SUTURE 


globes joined by a shaft: sometimes made with 
springs for pressure exercises. 2. = Schaefer’s 
DUMBsBELLS. D.sbell Crystals, dumb^belUshaped 
crystals of calcium oxalate. D. colic, a cerebral 
affection of horses due to increased blood*pressure. 
dumb'ness. Inability to speak. ^Aphasia. 
dum'sdum fever. = Kalasazar. 

Dumeri'lia alama'ni. A perennial composite plant 
of Mexico. Its root yields pipitzahoac. 
dum'my. In dentistry, the substituted teeth in a 
bridge. 

Dumoutier’s plane (du-mh-ti-ez). A plane tangent 
to the upper edges of the zygomatic arches. 
Dun'bar’s serum. = Pollantin. 

Dun'can’s mechanism, method, or position. The 
extrusion of the placenta edgewise. ^ Schultze. 
dung. The excrement of animals. • F.®ces. 
Dun'ham’s solution. A culture =medirim composed 
of dried peptone, i part; sodium chloride, 5 
parts; distilled water, 100 parts, 
du-o-de'nal. Pertaining to the duodenum. D. 
artery, the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. 
D. glands = Brunner’s glands. D. papilla, the 
elevation marking the point of entrance of the 
common bile-duct into the duodenum. D. ulcer, 
ulceration of the duodenum. 
du‘o-de-ni'tis. Acute duodenal inflammation, 
du-o-de'no-. Pertaining to the duodenum: a com¬ 
bining form. [< Duodenum.] du-o-demo-cho- 
le-cys-tos'to-my, the surgical formation of a 
communication between the gallbladder and the 
duodenum.— du-o-de‘no=en-te-ros'to-my, the sur¬ 
gical formation of a communication between the 
duodenum and some other portion of the small 
intestine.— du-o-de-no-gas'tric artery = gastro¬ 
duodenal ARTERY.— du-o-de*no-je-ju'nal, relat¬ 
ing to the duodenum and the jejunum, as D. 
flexure, the bend at the junction of the duode¬ 
num and the jejunum: D. fold, a fold of perito¬ 
neum extending from the transverse mesocolon 
to the union of the duodenum with the jejunum: 
and D. fossa, a triangular pocket or pouch 
extending below the last bend of the duodenum 
behind the duodenal fold. — du-o-demo-re'nal, 
relating to the duodenum and the kidney, as D. 
ligament, a peritoneal fold between the upper 
layer of the transverse mesocolon and the pos¬ 
terior parietal layer; the posterior border of Wins¬ 
low’s foramen.— du’o-de-nos'to-my, the surgical 
formation of a permanent opening through the 
abdominal wall into the duodenum.— du’o-de- 
not'o-my, surgical incision of the duodenum, 
du-o-de'num. The first portion of the small intes¬ 
tine, its length being about 12 fingersbreadths, 
or 9 inches. [ < L. duode'ni twelve.] 
du-o-ster'nal. The second of the six pieces of the 
sternum. [L. du'o two ster'num breastsbone.] 
du'o-tal. Guaiacol carbonate: used in tuberculosis, 
du-o-to'nol. A proprietary glycerophosphate of 
sodium and calcium. 

Du-play’s operation. Any one of various plastic 
operations for epispadias or hypospadias, 
du'plex transmission. The property of transmit¬ 
ting impulses in two directions, 
du-pli-ca^'tion, du'pli-ca-ture. Doubling or folding. 
Du-puy-tren’s amputation or operation (du-pti-i- 
trohz). =Lisfranc’s amputation. D.’s com¬ 
pressor, an instrument invented by Dupuytren 
for compressing the femoral artery. D.’s contrac¬ 
tion, a contracted condition of the fingers and 
palm of the hand due to chronic inflammatory 
hyperplasia of the tissues of the palm, or to con¬ 


traction of the palmar fascia from injury (False 
D.’s contraction). D.’s enterotome, a forceps which 
cuts gradually through the “spur” forming the an¬ 
gular intersection between the normal intestine and 
an abnormal 
branch com- 
municating 
with a preter¬ 
natural anus. 

D.’s fracture, 
fracture of 
the fibula with 
retraction and 
outward dis- 
placement, 
causing lacer¬ 
ation of the 
ligaments of 
the foot. D.’s 
hydrocele, bi¬ 
locular hydro¬ 
cele; a hydro¬ 
cele which is 
constricted so 
as to appear as 
if divided into 
two compart¬ 
ments. D.’s 
ointment, a weak (i: 80) ointment of cantharides. 
D.’s paste, a caustic paste made of arsenous acid, 
calomel, and gum. D.’s phlegmon, unilateral 
phlegmon of the anterolateral part of the neck. 
D.’s splint, a splint to prevent eversion in Pott’s 
fracture. D.’s suture, a continuous Lembert 
suture. D.’s tourniquet, tm- tourniquet. 
du'ra, du'ra ma'ter. The fibrous external membrane 
of the brain (cerebral d.) and spinal cord (spinal d.) ; 
meninx crassa, dura, exterior, pacheia, or sclera; 
pachymeninx, Pachymeningitis. Once sup¬ 
posed to gi ve origin to all the other membranes of 
the body. D. ma'ter tes'tis = tunica albuginea 
TESTIS*. [L., “ hard,” “ hard mother.”] fdu-rse- 
ma-to'ma, du-re-ma-to'ma, a hasmatoma of the 
dura mater; pachymeningitis cerebralis in¬ 
terna HEMORRHAGICA, du'ral, relating to the 
dura mater, as D. artery, a meningeal artery: and 
D. sheath, the external sheath of the optic nerve, 
being a continuation of the dura mater. 
Du-rande’s remedy. A remedy for galhstones: con¬ 
sisting of turpentine, 2 parts, and ether, 3 parts, 
du'rene. Tetramethylbenzene, CgH2(CH3)4, a solid 
hydrocarbon with a camphorslike odor, 
du-ri'tis. —Pachymeningitis. 
du'rosar-ach-ni'tis. Inflammation of the dura and 
the arachnoid. 

du-ro'leum. A semissolid petroleum educt. 
Du-ro-zi-ez’s murmur. A faint diastolic murmur 
on carefully pressing the stethoscope over an 
artery: pathognomonic of aortic regurgitation, 
du-ryl'ic acid. =Cumic acid. 
dust'sbod-ies. =Hemokonia. 
dust'ing powder . A powder for dusting upon the skin. 
Dutch liquid. = Ethylene bichloride. D. metal, 
a zincscopper alloy. 

Dutch'man’s laudanum. A West Indian plant, 
Passiflo'ra murucu'ja, said to be narcotic. 
Dut'ton’s disease. = Trypanosomiasis. 

Du-val’s nucleus. A mass of multipolar ganglion* 
cells ventrad and laterad from the hypoglossal 
nucleus in the medulla. 

Duvergier’s suture (dii-v^r-zhi-ez). Suture of the 
intestine over the trachea of a calf inserted into it 



Guillaume Dupuytren, French 
Surgeon, 1778-1835. 



DUVERNEY’S FORAMEN 


287 


DYS- 


Duverney’s foramen (du-v^r-nez). = Winslow’s 
FORAMEN. D.’s gland. I. = HaRDERIAN GLAND. 
2 . = Bartholin’s gland. 
dwalm. A term used in Scotland for a sudden 
sickness or faintingsfit. 

dwarf. An undersized person. D. pelvis, a pelvis 
of normal proportion, but reduced in all diame¬ 
ters. D. tapeworm = Hymenolepis nana. 
dy'ad. = Diad. 
dy-as'ter. =Diaster. 

dy'er-ism. A system of progressive reading exer¬ 
cises for strengthening the ocular muscles, 
dy'ers’alkanet. =Anchusa tinctoria. D. mad¬ 
der, ts- MADDER. D. oak, Qiier'cus infecto'ria, 
the source of nutgall. 

dy'mal. An ointment of didymium salicylate, 
dy'nam. = Dyne. 

dy-nam'ia. Vital power or strength. [<rh'ra/iif.] 
dy-nam'ic. Belonging to the vital power or 
strength. D. disease = functional disease. D. 
electricity = GALVANISM. D. fever == relapsing 
FEVER. D. murmur, a cardiac murmur caused 
by irregular action of the heart. D. pelvis, the 
pelvis of a woman in labor. D. refraction, the 
total refractive power of the eye when using all 
its accommodative power. D. squint, tendency to 
strabismus overcome by effort; latent squint, 
dy-nam'ics. The science of force and motion, or 
the science of motion as produced and modified 
by force. Vital d., the science of vital forces, 
dy'na-mite. A mixture of nitroglycerin with some 
inert matter, as sand or charcoal, 
dyna-mi-za'tion. According to the homoeopathic 
theory, an increase of medicinal activity and 
effectiveness due to comminution, trituration, 
and suitable dilution. 

dy'na-mo. A rotary apparatus for generating elec¬ 
tricity from mechanical energy; dynamo»electric 
machine. 

dy'na-mo-. Pertaining to force or strength: a 
combining form. [< power.] dy-nam'o- 

graph, an instrument devised for marking or 
registering the muscular power of an individual. 
— dy-na-mom'e-ter, an instrument with which to 



Hand dynamometer. 


measure the force of muscular contraction, es¬ 
pecially of the hand*grasp.— dy-na-mop'a-thy, 
homoeopathy: so called from its dogma of dyna- 
mization.— dy-nam'o-scope, a device for the aus¬ 
cultation of muscles and observing the sounds 
made by them in their action.— dy-na-mos'co-py, 
auscultation for the recognition and appreciation 
of musclessounds. It is called mediate qr imme¬ 
diate according as it is practised with or without 
the dynamoscope. 

dyne. The C. G. S. unit of force; the force which, 
acting on a gramme for a second, produces a ve¬ 
locity of one centimetre per second: in temperate 
latitudes at sea-level the mass of i Gm. weighs 


about g8i dynes, i. e., i dyne = o.oo 1019 Gm. 
dys-. With difficulty; bad; ill; painful: a com¬ 
bining form. [< bad, ill.] dys-a-cu'sis = 
DYSECoi A. — dys-ae'mi a, a chronic blood-poisoning. 
— dys-aes-the'sia, any disturbance of sensation, as 
allochiria, anaesthesia, hyperaesthesia, paraesthe- 
sia, retardation of sensation.— dys-aes-thet'ic, re¬ 
lating to or affected with dysaesthesia.— dys-al'bu- 
mose, a variety of hetero-albumose insoluble in 
solution of sodium chloride.— dys-an-ag'no-sis = 
ALEXIA, Anarthria. — dys-an-ti-a-graph'i a, 
inability to copy writing: due to cerebral defect. 
— dys-an-ar-rho-phe'sis, impairment of the power 
of absorption. — dys-a'phi a, derangement of the 
sense of touch.— dys-ap-o-ca-tas'ta-sis, a morbid 
feeling of restlessness and discontent.— dys-ap- 
o-not'o-cy, difficult, but painless, labor.— dys-ar'- 
thri-a. I. Dyslalia. 2. Stammering and stutter¬ 
ing. tdys-ar'thric. — dys-ar-thro'sis. i. A de¬ 
formed or faulty joint. 2. A di.sorder of speech; 
dysarthria. — dys-ba'sia, difficulty in walking, 
especially such as is due to some central lesion. It 
is the mildest form of abasia. D. angiosclerot'ica 

= INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION. — dys-blen'ni a, 

depraved condition of the mucus.—dys-bu'lia, ab¬ 
normal weakness or morbid perversion of the will. 

— dys-cat-a-po'si a, difficulty in swallowing liq¬ 
uids, as in hydrophobia.— dys-che'zi a, difficult 
defecation.— dys-cho'li a, depraved condition of 
the bile.— dys-chroe'a, dys-chroi'a, dys-chro'ma- 
to-der'ma, discoloration of the skin.— dys-chro- 
ma-top'sia, dys-chro'ma-top-sy, imperfect or in¬ 
accurate discrimination of colors.— dys-chy'li a, 
a morbid or disordered condition of the chyle.— 
dys-chy'mi a, a depraved condition of the chyme. 
— dys-ci-ne'si a, diminution of the power of motion. 
— dys-co'ri a, an eye-defect involving the pupil.— 
dys-era'si a, a faulty state of the constitution or 
a morbid condition of the blood due to some gen¬ 
eral disease, fdys-cras'ic, as D. albuminuria = 
H.EMATOGENOUS ALBUMINURIA. — dys-dac'ri a, an 
affection of the tears or of the lachrymal appara¬ 
tus.— dys-dy-nam'i a, impairment of the vital 
power. —dys-e-coi'a, diminished or impaired hear¬ 
ing ; deafness.— dys-e'mi a = dys^mia. — dys-en- 
ter'ic, relating to dysentery, as D. diarrhoea, a se¬ 
vere diarrhoea attended wnth dysenteric symp¬ 
toms: and D. paraplegia, paraplegia due to the 
toxic action of dysentery on the peripheral nerves. 

— dys'en-ter-y, a specific 
infectious disease, affect¬ 
ing chiefly the large intes¬ 
tine and characterized by 
fever, abdominal pain, and 
diarrhoea becoming mu¬ 
cous and hemorrhagic: 
usually due either to a 
pathogenic amoeba {En- 
tamoe'ba histolyt'ica), as 
AMCEBIC DYSENTERY, Or 

to a specific bacillus (Ba- 
cil'lus dy sent o'rice), as 

BACILLARY DYSENTERY. 

Among other forms of 
dysentery are Catarrhal 
d., a seropurulent form 
in which the swollen folli¬ 
cles are surrounded by an 
areola and the submucous coat is thickened; 
Diphtheritic or gangrenous d., with the trans¬ 
formation of the entire mucous membrane 
into a granular, structureless, necrosing mass 



Bacillus dysenteri.®. 










DYS- 


288 


DYS- 


niingled with extravasated blood, of which 
portions are evacuated; Epidemic d., a specific 
dysentery transmitted by direct contact and prob¬ 
ably also through drinking*water; Scorbutic d., 
endemic dysentery with petechiae and blood*vesi- 
cles on the skin, and the characteristic scorbutic 
appearance of the mouth; and Sporadic d., non= 
contagious dysentery, caused by local irritations 
of the large intestine.— dys-ep-u-lot'ic, healing 
with difficulty.— dys-er-a-the'si a, diminished sen¬ 
sitiveness to stimuli.— dys-er-ga'si a, functional 
disability, as in neurasthenia.— dys-es-the'si a = 
DYSESTHESIA. — dys-ga-lac'ti a, abnormal milk* 
secretion. — dys-ge-ne'si a, a ^ morbid condition of 
the generative power or organs.— dys-geu'si a, 
perversion of the sense of taste.— dys-gram'ma- 
tism, lack of power to use words properly, espe¬ 
cially when due to disease. ^ Agrammatism. 

— dys-graph'i a, loss, partial or complete, of 
the power of writing.— dys-hi-dro'sis. i. Any 
perspiratory disorder. 2. Cheiropompholyx: so 
named from the belief that it is primarily a per¬ 
spiratory disorder. — dys-ki-ne'si a = dyscine- 
siA.— dys-ky-e'sis. i. Unusually troublesome 
pregnancy. 2. = ExtrasUTerine pregnancy. 

— dys-la'lia, difficulty of speech due to lack 
of practice, deformity or disease of the speech* 
organs, or to some non*central nerve*lesion. 
c^Anarthria; mogilalia, fdys-lal'ic. — dys- 
lex'i a = alexia. — dys-lo'chia, decrease or sup¬ 
pression of the lochia.— dys-lo'gi a, difficulty in 
speaking due to impairment of the power of 
reasoning.— dys'ly-sin, an amorphous anhydride, 
^24^3(503, of cholalic acid, normally found in 
the intestine as an undigested resinous mass.— 
dys-men-or-rhoe'a, difficult and painful menstru¬ 
ation: called Congestive {Plethoric), Inflam¬ 
matory, Intermediate, Mechanical {Obstructive), 
etc., according to its cause or time; Membran¬ 
ous when the fluid contains shreds of mem¬ 
brane exfoliated from the uterus; Nervous, 
Neuralgic, or Neurotic when affecting neurotic 
women, and characterized by neuralgic pains all 
over the body; Ovarian when the pain is confined 
to the ovarian region; and Spasmodic w'hen due 
to spasmodic contraction of the uterus. D. mix- 
<Mre=TiNCTURA ANTACRiDA. fdys-nien-or-rhoe'al, 
as D. membrane , the exfoliated mucous membrane 
of membranous dysmenorrhoea. — dys-mim'i a, 
difficulty in making signs as a substitute for 
words.— dys-mne'si a, defective memory.— dys- 
mor'phi a, deformity. — dys-mor-pho-pho'bi a, 
morbid fear of becoming deformed.— dys-neu'ri a, 
impaired nerve function.— dys-nu'sia, mental 
feebleness or disorder. — dys-o-don-ti'a-sis, diffi¬ 
cult dentition.— dys-o-6-to'ci a, difficult ovula¬ 
tion.— dys-op'si a, dys-o'pi a, painful or defec¬ 
tive vision, as D. latera'lis, a defect of vis¬ 
ion in which an object can be seen correctly 
only when it is placed obliquely.— dys-o-rex'- 
ia, impairment of the appetite.— dys-os'mi a, 
defective or imperfect sense of smell.— dys- 
os-phre'sia, impairment of the sense of smell. 

— dys-os-to'sis, imperfection of structure in 
the bone.— dys-pa-reu'ni a, physical incompati¬ 
bility leading to pain or difficulty in coitus. 

— dys-pep'si a, difficulty of digestion, acute or 
chronic; indigestion. For specially named vari¬ 
eties see the adjectives. D. nervo'sa, impaired 
digestion due to derangement of the nerves of the 
stomach.— dys-pep'si-o-dyn'i a, dyspepsia with 
pain in the stomach,— dys-pep'tic, relating to 


dyspepsia; affected with dyspepsia, as D. asthma, 
asthma believed to be due to gastric irritation: 
and D. urine, the characteristic urine of a dys¬ 
peptic patient, containing crystals of calcium 
oxalate.— dys-pep'tone, an insoluble residue left 
after peptic digestion.— dys-per-i-stal'sis, violent 
peristaltic contractions of the intestines, caused 
stimulation of Auerbach’s plexus.— dys- 
per-ma'si a = dysspermasia. — dys-per'ma-tism = 
dysspermattsm. — dys-pha'gia, mechanical, ner¬ 
vous, or inflammatory difficulty in swallowing, as 
D. inflammato'ria, dysphagia as the result of 
oesophagitis: D. luso'ria, a doubtful form, said to 
be due to compression of the oesophagus by an 
anomalously situated right subclavian artery: 
D. spas'tica = CESOPHagism: and D. paralyt'ica, 
dysphagia due to paralysis of the oesophageal 
muscles.— dys-pha'si a, difficulty in speaking, 
without loss of connected thought, Dysphra- 
sia; lalopathy; logoneurosis. — dys-pho'nia. 
I. Difficulty in speaking audibly. 2. Harshness 
of the voice, as D. clerico'rum, dysphonia of cler¬ 
gymen, weakness of the voice with soreness of the 
throat, from frequent speaking, especially in 
clergymen; clergymen’s sore throat: and D. 
pu'berum, the harsh, irregular utterance of pu¬ 
berty.— dys-pho'ri a, inquietude of the ill.— dys- 
phra'si a, imperfection in utterance due to a men¬ 
tal or cerebral defect.— dys-phre'ni a, impairment 
of the mental faculties.— dys-pit-u'i-ta-rism, the 
effects produced by changes in or near the 
pituitary glands.— dys-pla'si a, imperfect forma¬ 
tion of the tissues. — dys-pnoe'a, difficult breath¬ 
ing. fdys-pnoe'ic, as D. measles, a quickly fatal 
form of measles associated with pulmonary con¬ 
gestion. — dys-pra'gia, painful functioning, as 
D. intermit'tens angiosclerot'ica intestina'lis, a 
painful spasmodic affection of the intestines. 

— dys-sper-ma'si a, dys-sper'ma-tism, imperfect 
discharge of semen. — dys-sper'mia, a morbid 
condition of the semen. — dys-sta'sia, a difficulty in 
standing due to some motor incoordination. — dys- 
sys-to'li a, dys-sys'to-ly, defective systolic contrac¬ 
tion. — dys-tax'ia, incomplete ataxia; difficultv 
in the control of voluntary movements; as D. 
ag'itans, tremor from lesions of the spinal cord; 
pseudoparalysis agitans. — dys-te-li-ol'o-gy, the 
science of rudimentary organs. — dys-tha-na'si a, a 
painful death. — dys-the'si a. i. A morbid condi¬ 
tion from circulatory defect. 2. Impatience and 
restlessness as a symptom, tdys-thet'ic.— dys- 
thy'mi-a, mental distress or continued despond¬ 
ency not developing into other psychoses, as D. 
alget'ica, mental distress due to irritation of a pe¬ 
ripheral nerve: and D. neural'gica, dysthymia with 
neuralgia, tdys-thym'ic.— dys-thy-re-o'sis, abnor¬ 
mal functioning of the thyroid gland, fdys-thy'- 
roid-ism. dys-to^ci a, difficult, slow, or painful 
birth or delivery: called Maternal, Fetal, or Placen¬ 
tal according to its cause. — dys-to'ni a, morbid to¬ 
nicity of body. — dys-to'pi a, displacement of an 
organ.— dys-trau'mia, difficulty in the healing of 
wounds. dys-tre'si a, imperfection of an opening. 

— dys-tro'phi a, dys'tro-phy, faulty or defective 
nutrition; the condition of being ilbnourished; - 
as D. genita'lis—HijMMo’s disease. — dys-troph*- 
o-neu-ro'sis. i. Impaired nutrition due to dis¬ 
turbance of the nerves regulating nutrition. 2. 

A nervous disease due to malnutrition. — dys-tro- 
po-dex'trin, a slightly soluble variety of dextrin. — 
dys-u'ria, dys'u-ry, difficult or painful urination. 

dy-sys-to'li a, dy-sys'to-ly = dyssystolia. 


E 289 EBER’S REAGENT 


E 


E. Abbr. for emmetropia; electromotive force; 

EYE. 

e. A Latin particle signifying “out,” “out of,” 
“from”: sometimes privative. ^Ex. 

E.M.F. An abbr. for electromotive force. 

-eae. A suffix added to the stem of the genus 
name to form the name of the tribe: thus Ro'seae, 
fr. Ro'sa. Amer. Code of Bot. Nomenclature.] 

Ead. An abbr. for L. ea'dem, the same substance. 

ea'gleswood. =Aloes=wood. 

ear. i. The organ of hearing, comprehending the 
external ear (pinna, def. i, or auricle, and the 
external auditory canal or meatus), the middle 
ear or tympanum (membrana tympani*, tym¬ 
panic CAVITY, auditory OSSICLES, EUSTACHIAN 
TUBE, ANTRUM OF THE MASTOID, FENESTRA OVA- 
Lis, and FENESTRA ROTUNDA), and t\\& internal ear 
or LABYRINTH (oSSeoUS LABYRINTH, VESTIBULE, 
SEMICIRCULAR CANALS, COCHLEA, SPIRAL CANAL, 
AQU.,EDUCTUS coCHLE.®, membranous labyrinth, 
UTRICLE, SACCULE, DUCTUS ENDOLYMPHATICUS, 

membranous .semicircular canals, cochlear 
CANAL, CoRTi’s ORGAN, and auditory vessels). 
Darwinian tubercle. In the embryo the inter¬ 
nal ear appears on the fifteenth day, arising from 
the thickened plate of ectoderm lying just back 
of and above the first visceral cleft. The ex¬ 
ternal ear is developed during the first month 
from six tubercles formed around the first bran¬ 
chial cleft, two from the maxillary arch and three 
from the second arch, is- Auriculo- ; oto-. 
Among the various kinds of ears may be men¬ 
tioned Asylum (= h.®matoma auris), Blain- 
ville’s, Cagot, Flat (= Morel’s), Insane (= 
HiEMATOMA auris), Morel’s, Stahl’s, and Wil- 
dermuth’s. E.sache = otalgia. E.sbone. i. One 
of the bones composing the otic capsule which 
encloses the organ of hearing. 2. One of the 
auditory ossicles, Ossicle. E.=cough, a re¬ 
flex cough caused by irritation of the ear in dis¬ 
eases of that organ. E.scrystal = otolith. E.= 
drum = MEMBRANA TYMPANi*. E.sdust,the oto- 
liths collectively; otoconia. E.sfinger, the little 
Anger. E.sflap, the lobe of the ear. E.=forceps, 
a forceps with fine blades for extracting foreign 
bodies from the ear. E.sgiddiness, Meniere’s 
DISEASE. E.=minded, having a special aptitude 
for mental impression made by way of the sense 
of hearing. E.smould, a species of Otomyces. 

Otomycosis. E.spick, an instrument with a 
spoonslike scoop at the end used for removing 
wax from the external meatus. E.=probe, a probe 
for examining the auditory meatus. E.ssand = 
OTOCONIA. IS" Otolith. E.sshaped cartilage = 
auricular C.A.RTILAGE. E.ssneezing, reflex sneez¬ 
ing produced by irritation of the internal meatus. 
E.sspeculum, a hollow cone introduced into the 
external meatus of the ear to hold open the pas¬ 
sage so that its interior may be seen. E.sspoon 
= E. SPICK. E.sstone = OTOLITH. E.ssyringe, a 
syringe used to inject fluids into the ear. E.s 
trumpet, i. An apparatus, of varied form, used 
for collecting soundswaves and conveying them 
to the ear of a deaf person. 2. A name for the 
eustachian tube. E.stumor = hematoma auris. 

19 


E.svertigo = M]^ni6re’s disease. E.svomiting, 
reflex vomiting produced by irritation of the 
auditory apparatus. E.swax = cerumen. 2. A 
collection of flowers or seeds disposed on a com¬ 
mon axis, as an E. of corn. 3. That which has 
the shape of an ear, as Keeker's ears, the tonsils, 
i^ Auricular. [< A. S. edre. L. au'ris or spi'- 
ca; Gr. ovg-, Ger. Ohr; F. oreille.] 

earn'ing. = Rennet. 

earth. The friable matter or soil on the surface 
of the globe which we inhabit. In chemistry, 
the earths are solid, incombustible substances, 
entering largely into the composition of the 
mineral strata. Diatomaceous, infusorial, or 
siliceous e. is known as Kieselguhr. ^Alka¬ 
line earth; bole; catechu; fullers’ earth; 
KAOLiNUM*. E.=bath, a remedy consisting liter¬ 
ally of a bath of earth or sand (usually hot), with 
which the patient is covered, i^ Ammotherapy ; 
MUDsBATH. E. of bone = BONEsEARTH. E.» 
closet, a privy in which the excrementitious 
matter is received in earth, which has a great 
power of absorbing impurities and offensive gases. 
E.sdressing, a dressing of earth for wounds, etc. 
E.seater, a geophagist. E.seating, the habit of 
eating clay or other earth: chthonophagia; ge- 
ophagy. E.snut = ground-nut. E.streatment, 
a method of treating wounds with clay (or clayey 
earth) dried and finely powdered. E.=wax== 
CEREsiN. E.sworm = Lumbricus. [< M. E. 
erthe. L. ter'ra.] fear'thy, as E. degeneration — 
CALCAREOUS DEGENERATION: E. phosphate, a 
phosphate of one of the alkaline earths: and 
E. tongue, a tongue on which there are deposits 
of calcareous matter. 

East India (Indian) plants. Plants grown in the East 
Indies, as kino*, rhubarb, senna*, etc. 

Eas'ton’s syrup. The syrup of iron, quinine, and 
strychnine phosphates. 

eat'ing. i. The action of taking food into the 
stomach by way of the mouth, Bradyphagia ; 
tachyphagia. 2. Corroding. E. tetter = lupus. 
feat'a-ble, esculent. 

eau (6). The French term for water. E. de 
Cologne, Cologne water, a perfume and an evap¬ 
orating lotion often used in headache, fever, etc.; 
spiritus odoratus. E. de Javelle = bleaching 
LIQUID. E. m6dicinale d’Husson, a celebrated 
remedy for gout, prepared as follows: macerate 
2 ozs. of the root of colchicum, cut in slices, in 
4 fl. ozs. of Spanish white wine, and filter. E. 
de naphe, a bitter, aromatic water, prepared by 
distilling the leaves of the Seville orange with 
water: also used as a name for orange-flower 
water. E. de Paris, Paris water, a perfumed 
alcoholic wash or toilet water. E. de Rebel = 
MisTURA sulphurica acida. E. Sedative, “seda¬ 
tive water,” a lotion consisting of a solution of 
ammonia, spirit of camphor, sodium chloride, and 
water. E. de vie = spiritus vini gallici *. 

Eb. Symbol for erbium. 

E'ber’s reagent. A mixture of hydrochloric acid, al¬ 
cohol, and ether: used to ascertain the presence 
of ammonia in determining the decomposition 
of sausage. 


EBERS’S PAPYRUS 


290 


ECHINOCOCCOTOMY 


E'bers’s papyrus. An old Egyptian papyrus con¬ 
taining much of medical interest. [ < Georg Moritz 
Ebers, German Egyptologist, 1837-1898.] 
E'berth’s (E'berthsGaff'ky’s) bacillus. == Bacil¬ 
lus TYPHOSUS, fe-ber-thae'mi a = TYPHvEMiA. 
E'berth’s lines. The lines at the junction of the 
cells of cardiac muscle, seen under the microscope, 
eb'la-nin. = Pyroxanthin. 

6blouissement (e-blu-is-moh). Sudden transitory 
photopsy, due to cerebral congestion or anaemia. 
Eb'ner’s glands. Serous glands of the tongue near 
the circumvallate papillae, 
eb-o-na'tion. The removal of osseous fragments, 
eb'o-nite. Black vulcanized india-rubber: much 
used in the construction of surgical apparatus. 
€branlement (e-broh-le-moh). The twisting of a 
pedunculated tumor. [F.] 
e-bri'e-ty. Drunkenness; inebriety: sometimes used 
to denote a state of giddiness which precedes in¬ 
toxication. [< L. ehri'etas.]^ 

Eb'stein’s angle, the cardiohepatic angle. ^Rotch’s 
SIGN. E.’s disease, febrile pseudoleukaemia. E.’s 
lesion, hyaline changes in the renal epithelium; 
seen in diabetes. E.’s method, an obesity*cure 
resembling bantingism, but with moderate 
amounts of fats added. 

eb-ul-li'tion. The act or state of boiling. [< L. 
ebulli're to bubble up.] fe-bul'li-scope, an ap¬ 
paratus for finding the boiling point of alcohol, 
thus determining it^ strength, 
e'bur us'tum. = Animal carbon. [L.] 
e-bu'ri-co. A fungus found upon larches: used in 
Japan as a medicine. 

eb'u-rite. A hard form of rubber prepared by treat¬ 
ment with chlorine. 

eb-ur-na'tion, eb-ur-ni-fi-ca'tion. i. A state of the 
osseous system in which there is an increased and 
morbid deposit of calcium phosphate, especially 
on the cartilages of the joints; condensing ostei¬ 
tis. 2. Incrustation of a tumor with deposits of 
lime salts. [< L. e'bur ivory.] 
e-bur'ne ous. Of the nature of ivory, 
ec-, ek-. A prefix denoting “ out of,” ‘‘ from,” “of”; 
before a vowel, ex-. 

6carteur (6-cdr-ter). An elevator or retractor for 
keeping the eyelids apart during an operation or 
treatment. [ F.] 

ec'ba-lin. i. =Elaterinum*. 2. =Elateric acid. 
Ecbal'lium. A genus of cucurbitaceous plants, bear¬ 
ing a prickly fruit which when ripe forcibly ejects 
the seeds and a mucilaginous juice fiom a basal 
opening. The two best known varieties are E. 
agres'te, the squirting cucumber, and£. elate'rium, 
which yields elaterinum* and elaterium. 
ec-blo'ma. The embryo or foetus expelled in abor¬ 
tion. [ < f/c/ 3 dAA£ii'to cast out.] 
ec-bol'ic. I. Hastening labor and parturition. 2. 

A medicine accelerating labor, 
ec'bo-line. =Cornutine. 
ec-can'this. =Encanthis. 

ec-cen'tric. i. Deviating from the centre or from 
the true line of a circle. 2. Peripheral, rather 
than central, in origin or situation. 3. Odd or 
peculiar in conduct, yet not insane; erratic. E. 
amputation, amputation in which the scar is at 
some other point than the centre of the stump. 
E. convulsions, convulsions due to peripheral irri¬ 
tation. E. fixation, visual fixation performed 
with some other portion of the retina than the 
macula lutea. E. hypertrophy, hypertrophy. 
E. limitation, limitation of the visual field more 
marked at some portions than at others. E. pains, 


radiating pains felt in the peripheral organs: often 
indicative of spinal disease. [ < L. ex out of -f 
cen'trum centre.] fec-cen-tric'i-ty. 
ec-cen-tro-pi'e-sis. Pressure from within outward, 
ec-ceph-a-lo'sis. An operation in which the brain 
of the foetus is removed to facilitate delivery, 
ec-chon-dro'ma, ec-chon-dro'sis. ==Enchondroma. 

tec-chon'dro-tome = enchondrotome. 
ec-chy-mo'ma. A soft, bluish swelling from a bruise: 
formed by the extravasation of blood into the 
cellular tissue. 

ec-chy-mo'sis. Extravasation of blood during life; 
a discoloration of the skin due to extravasated 
blood. ^H.ematoma; post-mortem lividity; 
purpura; suffusion; Tardieu’s spots. [< 
EKxvjuovv to pour out.] fec'chy-mosed. ec-chy- 
mot'ic. 

ec'chy-sis. An effusion; any cutaneous disease 
marked by effusions of blood, or of other matter, 
into the skin. [< e/c out to pour.] 

ec'cla-sis. A breaking away, as of a small piece of 
bone from a larger piece. 

ec'cli-sis. A dislocation; the separation of the 
broken ends of a bone. 

ec'cly-sis. i. Evacuation by clysters. 2. The 
cleansing by means of injections, 
ec'co-pe. An excision: especially, the vertical ex¬ 
cision of a segment of the skull. [< EKKoirij cut¬ 
ting out.] 

ec-cop-ro'sis. The act of evacuating the bowels. 

[< EK out -I- KOTzpog dung.] fec-co-prot'ic. 
ec-cor-that'ic. A medicine supposed to disperse 
collections of humors. [ < £/c out 4 - Kdpdvq a heap.] 
ec-cri-nol'o-gy, ec-cris-i-ol'o-gy. The doctrine or 
science of the excretions and secretions. [< 
EK out -f- KpivELv to Separate -f Adyof discourse.] 
ec'cri-sis. The excretion of any matter, especially 
morbific. [< £« out -f Kplatg separation.] t®C" 
crit'ic. ec-crit'i-ca, diseases of the excreting 
function. 

ec-cy-e'sis. Extra-uterine fetation, 
ec-cyl-i-o'sis. A disorder resulting from the process 
of development. [ < £« out + kvAlelv to roll.] 
ec-cys'tis. Prolapse of the bladder. [< £« out + 
KVGTLQ bladder.] 

ec-dem'ic. A disease originating in a cause away 
from the place where it occurs; not endemic. 
[ < EKdrjpoq away from home.] 
ec-dem-o-ma'ni a. Insanity in which there is a 
desire to travel about. [< EKdrjpog away from 
home -f pav'ia madness.] 

ec'de-ron. The outer epithelial layer of the skin 
and the mucous membrane; the epidermis or 
surface epithelium. [< £« out + dfpof skin.] 
fec-de-ron'ic. 

ec'dy-sis. Casting off of a sheath, as when the outer 
coverings of filarial embryos are digested in the 
stomach of mosquitoes. [< EKdvaig a putting off.] 
ec'go-nine. A crystalline alkaloid, CgHjjNOj, ob¬ 
tained by heating cocaine with hydrochloric acid. 
6chancnire (e-shon-crur). A notch. [ F.] 
e-chi-ce'rin. A waxslike crystalline compound, 
CggH^gOj, from dita bark. 
e-chid'nin. =Viperine. 

e-chid-no-tox'ine. A principle of snake-venom. 
Echina'cea angustifo'lia. A composite American 
plant; black Sampson; purple cone-flower. Its root 
is aromatic and carminative. J. A. M. A. j. ’09.] 

e-chi-no-coc-cot'o-my. The cutting open and emp¬ 
tying of an echinococcus cyst, washing out of the 
cavity with an antiseptic, and closure of the 
opening by suture. 


ECHINOCOCCUS 


291 


ECONOMY 


e-chi-no-coc'cus. The scolex, hydatid, or cystic 
form of T.ENIA echinococcus of the dog. It is 
a parasite that infests the soft parts and organs 
of the human body 
and of animals, as the 
ox, the embryos be¬ 
ing found chiefly in 
the liver, brain, and 
lungs. E. cyst, an en¬ 
dogenous, exogenous, 
or multilocular cyst 
formed by the echino¬ 
coccus. In the multi¬ 
locular form there is a 
hard tumor permeated 
by countless small, 
often communicating, 
cysts filled with a col¬ 
loid mass and numer¬ 
ous scolices. The diag¬ 
nosis may be made by 
the serum reaction. [< kxlvo^ hedgehog -|- kokkoc 
berry.] fe-chi-no-coc-co'sis = hydatid disease. 
e-chi-no-coc'cic; e-chi-no-coc'cous. 

Echinocys'tis loba'ta. Balsamsapple. 
E-chi'no-derm. A seasanimal belonging to the 
echinoder^mata, as the star^fishes and seasurchins. 
e-chi-noph-thal'mi a. A form of ophthalmia in 
which the eyelashes project like the quills of a 
hedgehog. [< e^ivog hedgehog + ophthalmia.] 
Ech'inops. A genus of composite plants possessing 
laxative and diuretic properties. E. sphcsroceph'- 
alus furnishes the alkaloid e-chi-nop'sine. 
Echinorhyn'chus. A genus of parasitic nematode 
worms, of many species. In the sexed condition 
they inhabit the intestines of birds, fishes, frogs, 
and even pigs. E. gi'gas or hom'inis is found in 
man. [< hedgehog -f pvyx^^ snout.] 

e-chin'u-late. In bacteriology, denoting in agar 
stroke a growth along the line of inoculation, 
with toothed and pointed margins; in stab cul¬ 
tures, a growth beset with pointed outgrowths, 
e-chi-re'tin, e-chit'a-mine, e-chit'e-nine, e-chit'in. 
^Alstonia scholaris. 

ech'ma-sis. An obstruction. [< to hinder.] 

ech'o. Amphoric echo; metallic echo. E. 
sign, the repetition of the last word or clause of 
a sentence: found in certain brain ^diseases. E.s 

speech = echolalia. 

ech-osa-cou'si a. The subjective hearing of an 
echo after a normal sound, 
ech-o-graph'i a. A brainscondition in which writ¬ 
ing can be copied but new matter not originated, 
ech-o-ki-ne'si a, ech-o-ki-ne'sis. The performance 
of involuntary imitative movements, 
ech-o-la'li a. The meaningless repetition by a 
patient of words addressed to him; echo*speech; 
echophrasia. [ < r]X^ echo -f ’kalid speech.] 
fe-cho'la-lus, one affected with echolalia, espe¬ 
cially when under the influence of hypnotism, 
e-chom'a-tism. The conscious but purposeless imi¬ 
tation of words or actions, Automatism. 
e-chom'e-ter. A stethoscope. 

e-chop'a-thy. i. Involuntary imitation of the 
words or acts of others. 2. A disease or condi¬ 
tion in which this symptom occurs, 
ech-o-phot'o-ny. The perception of a sensation of 
color upon stimulation of the auditory apparatus 
by sound-waves, 
ech-o-phra'si a. = Echolalia. 

ech-o-phrax'i a. The meaningless repetition of 
movements made before the affected person. 


ech'o-scope. A stethoscope. [ < rjx^i sound + 
GKOTTelv to examine.] fe-chos'co-py, ech-o-sco'- 
pi a = auscultation. 

ech-thys'te-ro-cy-e'sis. = Ecthysterocyesis. 
ech'u-gin. A crystalline glucoside, CgHgOg, from 
an apocynaceous shrub, Ade'nium boehmia'num, of 
Africa. It resembles strophanthin in physiologi¬ 
cal properties. [< echuga the native African 
name for an arrow-poison.] 

Eck'er’s angle, i. = Metafacial angle. 2. = 
Clivo-opic angle. E.’s fissure, a transverse fis¬ 
sure on the dorsal surface of the occipital lobe of 
the brain, being a portion of the paroccipital 
fissure; transverse occipital fissure. 

Eck’s fistula. Fistula. 
ec-la'bi um. Eversion of the lip. 
e-clamp'si a, e-clamp'sy. Any epileptiform seizure, 
especially recurrent convulsions, due to anatomi¬ 
cal lesions or anaemia of the brain or spinal cord, 
uraemia, plumbism, and fevers. E. haematog'enes, 
eclampsia having its origin in a morbid condition 
of the blood. Infantile e., a convulsive disease of 
infancy due to fever, exhaustive diarrhoea, or re¬ 
flex irritation from teething, rickets, etc. E. nu'- 
tans= NODDING SPASM. Puerperal e., a convul¬ 
sive attack coming on in a woman during or after 
labor, and due probably to uraemia. Parathyroid 
medication and decapsulation of the kidneys 
have recently been suggested in the treatment. 
Uraemic e., eclampsia due to uraemia from sup¬ 
pression of the urine. [ < eK?Miu 7 retv to shine: from 
the suddenness of its appearance.] 
sism, eclampsia without convulsions, e-clamp'tic. 
e-clamp'tism, a morbid condition occurring during 
pregnancy, due to auto-intoxication, and apt to 
cause convulsions. 

ec-lec'tic. Selected or chosen from among others, as 
E. medicine, the theory that one ought not to 
confine one’s self to a single system or school, but 
should select what is best from all the different 
systems: abbr. eclec. [< £/c out-l-AeyeiP to gather 
or choose.] fec-lec'ti-cism, the system of prac¬ 
tice taught by eclectics. 

ec-leg'ma, ec-leig'ma. An electuary. [< eKTieiyfia, 
fr. £KlEtx£tv to lick up.] 

ec-lep'i-sis. Exfoliation or desquamation. [< £«: 
off + AfTTif scale.] 

e-clipse'. i. = Benzopurpurine. 2. Psychic 

ECLIPSE. 

ec-lip'sis. Apparent death, or trance; failure of 
the powers of body or mind; also momentary 
unconsciousness. [< €K?i£iijjig, fr. kK^^iTtetv to fail.] 
ec'ly-sis. The lightest form of unconsciousness. 

[ < EKXveLV to loosen.] 
ec-me-tro'pi a. = Ametropia. 

ec-mne'si a. i. Forgetfulness respecting events of 
recent date, with normal remembrance of events 
which took place at more remote times. 2. A 
condition in hysteria in which there is an appar¬ 
ent transference of remembrance to an antenatal 
period. [< £/c outmemory.] 
ec-noe'a. Failure of mental powers; idiocy. [< £k. 
out -I- vovg mind.] 

e-coch-le-a'tion. Removal of the cochlea, 
e'coid. — (Ecoid. 

e-col'o-gy. = (Ecology, fe-co-log'i-cal. 
e-con'o-my. Order or proper management in doing 
anything. Animal e., the harmonious system 
regulating the functions of living animals. Med¬ 
ical e., the rules which govern the practice of 
medicine and surgery. [< oZ/cof house +vif/,eiv to 
arrange.] 



Echinococcus Booklets 
and Membrane of Hy¬ 
datid Cyst. 


ECOPHONY 


292 


ECTO- 


e-coph'o-ny. An echo following vocal sounds, heard 
on auscultation in acute pulmonary congestion. 
e-cor-ch6 (e-cor-she). A figure used by artists in 
which the muscles are represented stripped of the 
skin. [F., fr. ecorcher to flay.] 

6cossaise (S-co-sez). = Scotch douche. 
e-cos'tate. Lacking ribs. 

6couvillon (e-cil-vi-yofi). A small instrument for 
cleaning cannulae, used in tracheotomy. [F.] 
^couvillonnage (e-cu-vi-yo-nazh). The swabbing 
of any cavity or of a sore. [F.] 
ec-phlo'gia. = Variola. 

ec'phly-sis. A vesicular eruption confined in its ac- 
tion to the surface. i^Emphlysis. [<, eKcpXvCeiv 
to bubble up.] 

ec-phrac'tic. Deobstruent; purgative; cathartic. 

[ < eK<ppaKTLK 6 q clearing of obstructions.] 
ec-phro'nia. Insanity; craziness. [< eKcppcov out 
of one’s mind.] 

ec-phy-a-dec'to-my. Excision of the vermiform 
appendix. [ < SKcpvag appendix + e/cro/zr; excision.] 
ec-phy-a-di'tis. A term for appendicitis, proposed 
by R. T. Morris. Galen called the appendix ver- 
miformis ec'phy-as. [<, £K(j)vag appendage.] 
ec-phy'ma, pi. ecphym'ata. Any cutaneous excres¬ 
cence. [< eK(l)veiv to spring out.] 
ec-pi-es'ma. A depressed fracture of the skull. 
[< £K out +Tn£C£iv to squeeze.] 


including the 
and scabies. 


species 
2. Sup- 


ec-py-e'sis. i. Humid scall, 
impetigo, porrigo, ecthyma, 
puration; an abscess. [ < 
f/cTTwZp to suppurate.] feC" 
py-et'ic. 

6crasement (e-craz-moh). Re¬ 
moval of a part by an 
dcraseur; sarcotripsy. [F., 

“ crushing.”] 

6craseur (e-cra-zer). A steel 
chain or wire tightened by 
a screw, used for removing 
piles, polypi, or malignant 
growths; sarcotriptor. [F., 

” a crusher.”] 

ec-rex'is. Rupture or lac¬ 
eration, as of the uterus, 
ec-rhyth'mus. Irregularity 
of the pulse. [< £k out 
+ pvd/xdg rhythm.] fec- 
rhyth'mic; -mous. 
ec'ro-e. An efflux; ecrysis. 
ec'ry-sis. i. =Ecroe. 2. 

(Of Hippocrates.) Efflux 
of semen before assuming 
the shape of the foetus, 
ec-sar-co'ma. A fleshy ex¬ 
crescence, as Proud flesh. 
ec-so-mat'ics. That branch of medicine which 
to do with the examination of material in 
laboratory, i. e., away from the patient. [< £/c out 
+ao)pa body.] tec-so-mat'ic. ec-som'a-tist. 
ec-stal'tic. Efferent; sent ectad from a centre. [ < 
£K out +crT£?b?i£iv to Send.] 

ec'sta-sy, ec'sta-sis. A morbid state of the nervous 
system, in which the attention is absorbed exclu¬ 
sively by one idea, and the cerebral control is 
in part withdrawn from the lower cerebral and 
certain reflex functions, the patient remaining 
motionless, with a joyous 
nance. ^Catatonia; 
bulism; stupor. [< L. 
to be out of one’s senses.] 
ec'stro-phy. = Exstrophy 



has 

the 


expression of counte- 
hypnotism; somnam- 
ec'stasis, fr. tar aval 

fec-stat'ic. 


ec'tad. Outward ; in an outward direction. [< £Kr 6 <; 
without.] 

ec'tal. Situated outwardly; superficial;^ external. 

E. origin = superficial origin. [< e/crdf.] 
ec-tan'gi-o-tor-rhce'a. A flow from the external 
ear. [< cKToq without t-dyyclov vessel ear-f 
pola flow.] 

ec'ta-sin. A tuberculin derivative: a vasomotor 
dilator. 

ec'ta-sis, ec-ta'si a. Extension; expansion, is- 
Aneurism ; DILATATION; staphyloma. E. Fridis, 
the extension of the iris, thus producing a small* 
sized pupil. [< £'k out +r£'iv£LV to stretch.] fee- 
tat'ic, as E. aneurism, an aneurism formed by 
simple dilatation of all the coats of an artery, 
ec-ten'tal line. The line of junction between the 
ectoderm and the entoderm. [< CKVog without 
+ £vt 6 ^ within.] 

ec-teth'moid. i. The lateral mass of the ethmoid 
bone; ethmoturbinal; labyrinth of the ethmoid. 
2. The prefrontal bone of fishes, 
ec-tex'is. Emaciation. 

ec‘the-to-breph-o-troph'i um. A foundling hospital, 
ec'thol. A proprietary remedy said to contain 
derivatives of Echina'cea angustifo'lia and Thu'ja 
occidenta'lis. [ ^ _/. A. M. A. j. ’09.] 
ec-thy'ma. An eruption of phlyzacious pustules, 
generally occurring on the extremities and in 
unhealthy or uncleanly persons. It is not a dis¬ 
ease in itself, but may be due to various causes, 
as the diphtheria bacillus, antimony, syphilis, etc. 
E. lu'ridum, chronic ecthyma, occurring in elderly 
persons, marked by the livid color of the areolae. 
[ < £Kdv£iv to break out.] tec-thy-mat'i-form ; ec- 
thy'ma-tous; ec-thy'mi-form. 
ec-thy-ro'sis. == Thyroidectomy. 
ec-thys’te-ro-cy-e'sis. Extra=uterine pregnancy. 
[<£/crdf outside oi + voripa -womb + KVTjGig preg¬ 
nancy.] 

ec-til-lot'ic. Able to pull out (corns, hair, etc.); 

depilatory. [< £/c out +tIa?i£/v to pluck.] 
ec-ti'ris. The external, ectodermic, or retinal por¬ 
tion of the iris as contrasted with the stroma 
layer derived from the mesoderm. [L.] 
ect-me'sis. = Excision. 

ec'to-. Out; out of; external; extra- ; a combining 
form. ss^Endo-/, ento-. [<£/cro^- out.] ec-to- 
bat'ic, efferent.— ec'to-blast. i. An external mem¬ 
brane, as of the yolk; the celLwall. 2. The ecto¬ 
derm or EPIBL.4ST. tec-to-blast'ic. — ec-tob-li'- 

quus, the external oblique muscle.—' ec-to-car'di a, 
a malformation in which the heart is out of its 
normal position, as E. abdomina'lis, E. cervica'lis, 
and E. pectora'lis. — ec'to-ca-rot'id, the external 
carotid artery.— ec-toc-cip'i-tal, outside of the 
occipital bone, as E. fissure, a poorly defined 
transverse fissure near the tip of the occipital 
lobe. — ec-to-cen'tral, near both the external sur¬ 
face and the centre. — ecdo-cho-roi'de a, the ex¬ 
ternal layer of the choroid coat of the eye; tu¬ 
nica suprachoroidea; lamina suprachorioidea*: 
incorrectly called lamina fusca. — ec‘to-ci-ne're a, 
the cortical gray matter of the brain, fecdo-ci- 
ne're al.— ec-to-cne'mi al, situated on the exter¬ 
nal portion of the fibula.— -ec-to-cce'lian, situated 
outside the ventricles of the brain; extraven¬ 
tricular.— ec-to-co-los'to-my, the making of an 
external communication with the colon.— ec-to- 
con'dyle,the external condyle of a bone, fec-to- 
con'dy-lar, -loid. — ec-to-cor'ne a, the external 
and epithelial layer of the cornea. — ec-to- 
cra'ni al, relating to or forming part of the 


















ECTO- 


208 


ECZEMA 


outer surfa^'e of the skull.— ec-to-cu'ne-i-form, 
the third or external cuneiform bone.— ec'to- 
cyst, the external membrane of Polyzo'a, or of a 
cyst, as a Hydatid cyst. — ec'to-derm, the outermost 
layer of the blastoderm ; epiblast. Rauber’s 
LAYER, fec-to-der'mal, -mic; ec’to-der-moi'dal. 

— ec*to-dys-aBS-the'si a, dulness of the external 
senses.— ec-to=en'tad, from without inward.— ec- 
to=en'tal = ectental.— ec-to-fron'tal, external to 
the frontal bone, as E. fissure, the anterior branch 
of the fissure of .Sylvius.— ec‘to-gas-troc-ne'mi us, 
the external gastrocnemius muscle.— ec-to-gen'ic, 
ec-tog'e-nous, originating from without, i. e., out¬ 
side of the body.— ec-to-glob'u-lar, formed out¬ 
side the bloodscells.— ec'to-glu-tas'us, the glutaeus 
maximus muscle.— ec'to-ke-los'to-my, displace¬ 
ment of a hernial sac through the abdominal 
wound and keeping it open with drainage, followed 
by an operation for radical cure; Vitrac’s operation. 

— ec-to-lec'i-thal, having the yolk distributed over 
the surface.— ec-to-mar'gi-nal, located on the ex¬ 
ternal surface, near the margin.— ec-to'm€, ex¬ 
cision.— ec'to-mere, any one of the cells formed 
in the segmentation of the ovum which are des¬ 
tined to share in forming the ectoderm.— ec-to'- 
mi a, ec'to-my, amputation ; excision.— ec-top'a- 
gus, a joined twin monster laterally united by the 
thoracic walls.— ec-to-par'a-site, an external para¬ 
site. (^Ectozoon; ectophyte. fecdo-par-a- 
sit'ic. — ec’to-pec-to-ra'lis, ec-to-pec'to-ral, the 
pectoralis major muscle.— ecdo-perd-to-ne'al, re¬ 
lating to the attached part of the peritoneum.— 
ec*to-perd-to-ni'tis, inflammation of the outer cov¬ 
ering of the peritoneum.— ec'to-phyte, any vege¬ 
table growth parasitic on the outside of the body. 

— ec-to'pi a, ec'to-py, see in vocabulary place at 
end of list.— ec'to-plasm, the outer layer of proto¬ 
plasm of a cell, fec-to-plas'tic, ec-to-plas'mic, 
ecdo-plas-mat'ic, as E. cells, cells in which the 
process of metamorphosis takes place on the sur¬ 
face or in the ectoplasm.— ecdop-o-cys'tis, dis¬ 
placement of the urinary bladder, fec'top-o-cys'- 
tic. — ec’to-pop-li-te'al, lying on the outer side of 
the popliteal space, as the E. nerve. — ec- 
to-pot'o-my, removing the sac of an extia* 
uterine pregnancy. — ec-to-pter'y-goid, outside 
the pterygoid: specifically applied to the ptery¬ 
goid of fishes and the transverse bone of rep¬ 
tiles.— ec-to-ret'i-na, the outermost (and pig¬ 
mentary) layer of the retina.— ect-or'gan-ism, a 
parasite living on the outer surface of the body. 

— ec-tor-rhi'nal fissure, a fissure by the side of 
the base of the olfactory crus.— ec'to-sac, the ex¬ 
ternal envelope of an ovum.— ec'to-sarc = ecto¬ 
plasm.— ec-to-skel'e-ton -= exoskeleton. fec- 
to-skel'e-tal.— ec'to-spore = exospore.— ec-tos'- 
te al, relating to or situated on the outside of a 
bone.— ec-to3-te-o-my'ces, a fungous .growth from 
bone. — ec-tos-to'sis, ossification beginning just 
beneath the perichondrium and extending into 
the cartilage.— ec-to-syl'vi an, situated externally 
to the fissure of Sylvius.— ec-to-ten-to'ri al fis¬ 
sure, a name for the outer fissure on the ven¬ 
tral surface of the occipital lobe.— ec-to-thal'- 
a-mus, the outer layer of the optic thalamus. 

— Ec'tothrix, ic^T richophyton. — ecdo-tox-as'- 
mi a, ec-tox-®'nii a, toxaemia from some cause ex¬ 
ternal to the body.— ec-tot'ri-ceps, the outer head 
of the triceps.— ecdo-tro-chan'ter, the greater 
trochanter.— ec-to-zae'na, ozaena affecting the an¬ 
terior portion of the nostrils.— ec-to-zo'on, a 
parasite of the skin, as a louse. 


ec-to'pi a, ec'to-py. Protrusion or displacement of 
an organ or part. E. cor'dis = ectocardia. E. 
pupil'lae = corectopia. E. tes'tis, displacement 
of the testes in the abdomen, crural region 
(in femoral hernias especially), or peritoneum. 
cF-C ryptorchis. E. vesi'cae, a deficiency in the 
abdominal wall and the anterior wall of the 
bladder, whereby the mucous membrane of the 
bladder becomes exposed. [< eurmrog out of 
place.] fcc-top'ic, as E. gestation, a gestation 
outside of the uterine cavity, usually used synon¬ 
ymously with EXTRAsUTERINE PREGNANCY, but a 
gestation situated in the oviduct lying in the 
uterine wall is an ectopic pregnancy, although 
not strictly an extra=uterine pregnancy: and E. 
monstrosity or teratism, monstrosity in which there 
is acquired or congenital displacement of a part, 
ec-trim'ma. A sore produced by pressure and fric¬ 
tion ; a bed=sore. [Gr.] 

ec-tro-dac-tyl'i a, -dac'ty-lism. Congenital absence 
of one or more fingers or toes. Its opposite, 
POLYDACTYLiA, is mucli commoner. [< CKTpufia 
abortion + ddKrvAog finger.] 
ec-trog'e-ny. Congenital lack or malformation of a 
part or of an organ. [< EKTpoau; abortion -f 
yevvdi’ to produce.] fec-tro-gen'ic, as E. mon¬ 
strosity or teratism, a monstrosity with normal 
parts or organs lacking congenitally or through 
accident, etc. 

ec-tro'ma. i. An aborted fcetus. 2. Abortion. 

[< EKTpupa, fr. kKTLTpciaKELv to abort.] 
ec-trom'e-los, -lus. A monster having no limbs, 
very rudimentary limbs, or stumps of limbs. [ < 
EKTpop.a abortion -f- limb.] fec-tro-me'li an, 

ec-tro-me'lic, having abortive limbs, as E. foetus 

— ECTROMELOS. 

ec-tro'pia. = Exstrophy. 

ec-tro'pi on, -pium. Ever.sion of the edge of a part, 
especially of the eyelid or eyelids. It may be 
paralytic, due to paralysis of the orbicular 
muscle; senile, due to relaxation of the orbicular 
muscle in old age; spastic, as a result of infiam- 
matory affections; cicatricial, due to the forma¬ 
tion of cicatrices; or sarcomatous, due to contin¬ 
ued exposure to the air of the ectropionizing con¬ 
junctiva. Entropium; lagophthalmus. E. 
forceps, forceps adapted for grasping the lid in 
operations for ectropion. [< ek out fl- rpETTEiv to 
turn.] fec-trop'ic, turned outward: said of the 
eyelid in ectropion, ec-tro'pi-o-ni-za'tion. ec- 
tro'pi-o-nize. 

ec-trop'o-dism. Congenital absence of one or more 
toes. [< EK-popa abortion -f- ttovq foot.] 
ec-tro-poe'so-phage, ec-trop-oe-soph'a-gus. An in¬ 
strument, similar to Bellocq’s cannula, for the 
performance of cesophagotomy. 
ec-tro'sis. Abortive treatment of disease. [< 
EKTpoaig miscarriage.] fsc-trot'ic, tending to 
produce abortion: applied to treatment hindering 
the development of disease, as the attempt to pre 
vent the spread of erysipelas by the application 
of silver nitrate to surrounding tissues, 
ec-ty-lot'ic. Having power to remove a wart or 
callus. [<kii out -i-TvAog callus.] 
ec'ze-ma. A smarting eruption of small vesicles, 
generally crowded together, without fever, and 
not contagious; scabies humida; scabies miliaris. 
It is a superficial affection of the skin or mucous 
membrane, the commencement of which may be 
marked by various elementary lesions in which 
the vesicles may not be present, and of which 
the principal characters are redness, a serous or 


EDACITY 


294 


EPEDSION 


sefospurulent secretion, and an exfoliation of the 
cuticle. According to the part affected, the dis¬ 
ease is called E. cap'itis, facie'i, trun'ci, genita'- 
liunt, etc. is- Paget’s disease. E. acu'tum, 
eczema characterized by rapid development of 
vesicles, with smarting and swelling of the skin, 
especially common on the faces of children. E. 
crusto'sum, eczema with the formation of thin, 
yellowish crusts. E. epizoot'ica == footsand* 
MOUTH DISEASE. E. erythcmato'sum, the mild¬ 
est form of eczema, marked by erythematous 
patches. E. fis'sum, a form of eczema marked 
by deep fissures in the hardened skin. E. hyper- 
tro'phicum, eczema marked by permanent hyper¬ 
trophy of the papillae of the skin, which form 
warty growths. E. impetigino'sum = E. pustulo- 
SUM. E. inflammato'rium = weeping eczema. 
E. intertri'go — intertrigo. E. ma'didans = 
weeping eczema. E. margina'tum, a circum¬ 
scribed, severe form, probably caused by a para¬ 
site similar to or identical with Trichoph'yton 
ton'surans; Barensprung’s erythrasma. It is con¬ 
tagious and especially affects the thighs, axillae, 
and popliteal spaces. E. mercuria'le, eczema from 
mercurial poisoning. E. papulo'sum, eczema in 
which the lesion consists of minute reddish pap¬ 
ules; lichen agrius. E. parasita'rium = E. mar¬ 
ginatum. E. pustulo'sum, eczema in which the 
vesicles have developed into pustules. E. rha- 
gadifor'me or rimo'sum = E. fissum. E. ru'brum 
= weeping eczema. E. sim'plex = E. vesicu- 
LosuM. E. sola're. i. = Lichen tropicus. 2. 
= E. vesiculosum. E. squamo'sum, a form of 
eczema in which the surface is covered with ex¬ 
foliating scales; pityriasis rubra. E. syphilit'icum 
= LICHEN SYPHILITICUS. E. tubcrcula'tum = MY¬ 
COSIS fungoides. E. vesiculo'sum, a form of 
eczema marked by the formation of vesicles 
which break and exude a clear fluid. [<ckKi^£lv to 
boil up.] t®c-zem'a-ti-za'tion, a skin lesion, the 
result of the persistent scratching in certain cases 
of prurigo, ec-zem'a-toid, like eczema, ec-zem- 
a-to'sis, any eczematous disease or inflammatory 
skin disease, ec-zem'a-tous, belonging to or af¬ 
fected with eczema, as E. psoriasis, psoriasis. 

e-dac'i-ty. Great voracity. [< L. to eat.] 

ed'dy-ism. = Christian Sci¬ 
ence. 

e-de-, e-de'o-. For words begin¬ 
ning thus see .a:DCE-, ..edceo-. 

E'de-bohls’s legsholders. Attach¬ 
able holders of the legs for vagi¬ 
nal and peritoneal operations. 

E.’s operation = decapsula¬ 
tion. E.’s position = Simon’s 
POSITION. [< George M. Ede- 
bohls, American surgeon^ 1853- 
1908.] 

= ASdceitis. 

= OEDEMA, te-dem'- 



holders. 


e-de-i'tis 
e-de'ma. 
a-tous. 

e-den'tate, e-den'tu-lous. Having the defect, con¬ 
genital or acquired, of being toothless. [ < L. eden- 
ta'tus toothless.] t®"den-ta'tion, toothlessness, 
ed -es'tin. An easily crystallized vegetable protein, 
ed'i-ble. Fit to eat; eatable. [< L. e'dere to eat.] 
Ed'in-ger’s law. ^Neuron. E.’s nucleus. A col¬ 
lection of ganglionic cells in the gray matter of the 
third ventricle, forming the nucleus of the posteri¬ 
or longitudinal bundle near the sylvian aqueduct. 
Ed'i-sonsLa-lande' cell. A battery cell, 
ed'u-ca-ted cell. A cell, as a phagocyte, which has 


survived a certain form of infection, and is thus 
capable of better coping with the disease recov¬ 
ered from, Immunity. 
e'duct. A sub.stance extracted from organic matter 
without any change in its composition: opposed 

to PRODUCT. 

e-dul-co-ra'tion. i. The sweetening of any medical 
preparation. 2. The process of freeing an easily 
soluble substance from one that is soluble with 
difficulty, by means of distilled water. [< L. 
edulca're to sweeten.] fe-dul'co-rant. i. Sweet¬ 
ening. 2. A medicine tending to render the bodily 
fluids less acrid. 

e-dul'co-ra-tor. = Droppingsbottle. 
eel oil. An oil procured from eels by roasting; 
adeps anguillaj: employed as an ointment for stiff 
joints and for various ear diseases. E.sworm = 
Toxacara canis. 

ef-fem-i-na'tion. That condition in which a man 
has the feelings and tastes of a woman, not only 
in sexual matters, but in all the pursuits of life. 

Homosexual ; viraginity. 
ef'fe-rent. i. Conveying impulses or fluids out 
from the centre; centrifugal; opposed to affe¬ 
rent. 2. An efferent vessel or nerve. ^Vasa 

EFFERENTIA*. E. duct = VAS DEFERENS. E. 

nerve, a nerve which carries impulses from the 
central nervous system to the periphery. Mne¬ 
monic: SAME, in which Sensory = Afferent and 
Motor = Efferent. All efferent nerves, as the 
secretory nerves of glands, are, however, not 
motor. E. tubules =:vasa efferentia*. [< L. 
ef'ferens, fr. ex ont+fer're to carry.] 
ef-fer-ves'cence. The agitation produced on mix¬ 
ing certain substances, caused by the sudden 
escape of gas. tef-f®r-ves'cent, ef-fer-ves'cing, 
foaming; sparkling; bubbling, as E. draught, a 
draught containing potassium or sodium bicar¬ 
bonate and an organic acid: and E. powder = 
Seidlitz powder. [ < L. efferves'cere to boil over.] 
effleurage (^f-l^-rAzh). In massage, the making of 
passes or strokes toward the centre. [ F.] 
ef-flo-ra'tiqn. = Efflorescence, def. 2 . 
ef-flo-res'cence. i. In chemistry, the spontanous 
conversion of crystals through a stage of opaque¬ 
ness to powder, in consequence of the loss of their 
water of crystallization. 2 . A morbid redness of 
the skin; an exanthematous eruption; exan¬ 
thema: often followed by desquamation of the 
external layers of the skin. [< L. efflores'cere 
to flower, to flourish.] tef-Ao-res'cent. 
ef-flu'vium, pi. -via. An exhalation or vapor, espe¬ 
cially one of a morbific character, proceeding from 
any body. [< L. effiu'ere to flow out.] 
efflux. = Effluxion, def. i. 

ef-flux'ion, i. A discharge, as of pus; efflux. 2 . Abor¬ 
tion during the early months. [ < L. efflux'us.] 
ef'fort. Intense muscular contraction intended to 
resist an exterior power or to perform a natural 
function which has become accidentally difficult. 
[ < F. effort, fr. efforcer to endeavor strongly.] 
ef-frac'tion, ef-frac'ture. Breaking through, 
effractu'ra cra'nii. Depressed cranial fracture. [L.] 
ef-fu-ma-bil'i-ty. The property of being easily 
volatilized. [< E. ex out +fu'mus smoke, vapor.] 
fef-fu'ma-ble. 

ef-fu'sion. i. The escape of any fluid out of its 
natural vessel or viscus into another cavity or into 
the cellular texture or substance of parts, as Peri¬ 
cardial e. one into the pericardium. ^ Suffusion. 
2. Matter which has been effused. [< L. effun'- 
dere to pour out.] fef-fu'sive. 







EFUNICULATE 


295 


EINHORN’S METHOD 


«-fu-nic'u-late. Having no funiculus. 
e-ges'ta, pi. of eges'tum. The natural excretions or 
evacuations of the body, such as urine, faeces, etc. 

[ L., fr. ege'rere to carry out.] tC"g®s'tion, def- ' 
ecation or other excietory function; that which is 
voided; fecal matter, e-ges'tive, as E. duct = 
EXCRETORY DUCT, e-gcs'tous, cast out, as dung. 
*gg* =OvuM. E.salbumin, a variety of ALBUMIN, 
constituting the chief part of albumen or the 
white of egg, and found as a constituent in the 
tissues of the human body. E.scell, an immature 
ovum; a cell embedded in the ovary which 
develops into an ovum. E.scord = E.stube, def. 
2. E.sflip, a hot drink of ale, with eggs, sugar, 
spice, etc. E.smembrane, the membrane envelop¬ 
ing an egg or an ovum. E.snests, groups of 
germinal epithelium embedded in the stroma of 
the ovary. E.=nog, a stimulant and nutritious 
mixture of eggs, milk, sugar, and brandy or 
other spirits. E.sshell, the hard outer calcareous 
covering of the eggs of birds, constituting almost 
io% by weight of a hen’s egg. E.sshell crackling, 
a noise like the crackling of egg*shells sometimes 
heard in spontaneous fractures of bones, as from 
sarcoma. E.stube. i.= Oviduct. 2. Anyone 
of the cylindrical masses of immature cells which 
grow into the ovary from the germinal epithe¬ 
lium ; eggscord; Pfliiger’s cord. E.syolk sputum, 
sputum of a yellow color. [< A. S. cFg.] 
e'gi-lops. = .(Egilops. 

e-glan'du-lar, e-glan'du-lous, e-glan'du-lose. De¬ 
prived or destitute of glands. [ < L. e priv. -I- 
glans gland.] 

e'go, double. = Double consciousness. 
e-go-bron-choph'o-ny. = .iEGOBRONcnoPHONY. 
e-go-ma'ni a. Abnormal self»esteem. 
e-goph'o-ny. — .^gophony. t®“go-phon'ic. 
eg-re-gor'sis. Wakefulness. [< eyp^yopaig.] 
E-gyp'tian chlorosis. = Ankylostomiasis. E. 
medicine, medicine of early Egypt: much has been 
learned from the deciphering of hieroglyphics and 
the study of material, as calculi, hearts, etc., 
secured from mummies, Ebers’s papyrus. 
E. ophthalmia, purulent ophthalmia or purulent 
granular conjunctivitis. E. ulcers, a form of ulce¬ 
ration of the palate and fauces. 

Ehrenritter’s ganglion (^'ren-rtt-erz). = Jugular 

GANGLION, def. I. 

Ehre'tia buxifo'lia. A 
tree whose root is 
antisyphilitic. 

Ehr'lichsHa'ta Prepa¬ 
ration 606. = Six 

HUNDRED AND SIX. 

Ehr'Uch’s, Ehr'lichtf 
Bi on'di’s, or Ehr'- 
lichsBi on'disHei'- 
den-hain’s triacid or 
triple stain. A care¬ 
fully made brown 
mixture of thor¬ 
oughly saturated so¬ 
lutions of orange G, 
rubin S, and methyl 
green 00: used as a 
differential stain for 
leucocytic granules. 

A mixture of indu- 
lin, nigrosin and au- 
rantia is also known 
as E.’s triacid stain. 

EhrTich’s diazosreaction. 



Paul Ehrlich, German 
Scientist, 1854- . 

A reaction indica'ting the 


presence of aromatic compounds in the urine, 
when, after treatment with sodium nitrite, hydro¬ 
chloric acid, and sulphanilic acid in the proper 
proportions and shaking, it takes on a' deep^red 
hue with rose*colored foam upon being made 
alkaline with ammonia. The reaction occurs 
usually in typhoid fever, often in measles and 
miliary tuberculosis, and sometimes in other dis¬ 
eases. E.’s lateral=chain or sideschain theory, an 



Ehrlich’s Lateral-chain or Side-chain Theory.—- 
a. Receptor of first order, b. Toxin molecule with 
haptophore (c) and toxophore (d). e. Haptophore of 
receptor, i. Receptor of second order with haptophore 
(e) and toxophore (d) groups, f. Food substance or 
bacterial product, g. Haptophore of receptor of third 
order, f. Food substance or bacterial product, k. 
Complement, with haptophore (h) and zymotoxic (z) 
groups. 

attempted explanation of immunity, cytolysis, 
and other complex bacteriological and biological 
problems by the hypothesis of certain chemical 
substances in the bodysfluids uniting with some 
cellssubstance as a chemical sideschain is united 
to an aromatic or other nucleus. It has been 
modified, expanded, and discussed, not only by 
Ehrlich himself, but by many other investigators, 
especially by Van’t Hoff in the light of the latest 
theories of chemistry and osmosis. ^ Ambocep¬ 
tor; antigens; antitoxin; ceptor; comple¬ 
ment; haptophore; receptor; toxophore; 
UNiCEPTOR. e.’s reagent, a sulphanilic, hydro¬ 
chloric acid, sodium nitrite, and acetic acid test 
for BILIRUBIN. E.’s solution, a staining solution 
consisting of a basic aniline dye, as gentian violet, 
in aniline oil and water. 

Eich'horst’s corpuscle. A peculiar form of micro¬ 
cyte found in the blood in pernicious anaemia. 
E.’s neuritis = NEURITIS fascians. 

Eich'stedt’s disease. = Pityriasis versicolor. 
ei-dop-tom'e-try. The determination of the acuity 
of vision. [< d 6 oq form -f- oTzrdQ seen -f- fierpov 
measure.] 

eighth nerve. = Auditory nerve. 
ei'gon. A trade name for combinations of albumin¬ 
ous compounds with iodine, as Alpha^eigon, con¬ 
taining 20% of iodine, and Beta^eigon, an iodized 
pepsin, containing 15% of iodine, 
ei-kon'o-gen. A photographic developer, 
ei-kos'y-lene. =Icosinene. [< et/coui twenty.] 
ei-le'ma. A painful convulsion of the intestines. 
[< EtXelv to twist.] 

ei'loid. Resembling a coil. E. tumor, a tumor in 
which the affected part hangs in folds or coils; 
pachydermatocele. [< elAeZp to coil.] 

Eimer'ia. A genus of protozoan parasites. E. hom'- 
inis = CocciDiuM perforans. E. stie'dae = Coc- 

CIDIUM OVIFORME. 

Ein'brodt’s reagent. An aqueous solution of mer¬ 
curic chloride rendered alkaline with potassium 
carbonate: it gives a precipitate with ammonium 
salts. 

Ein'hom’s method, i. The use of the stomachs 
bucket in ascertaining the condition of the gastric 
secretion. 2. =Gastrodiaphany. 








EISANTHEMA 


296 


ELATERIUM 


eis-an-the'ma. An internal eruption, especially one 
on a mucous membrane; enanthema. 
eis-od'ic. = Centripetal; afferent. [< ug into 
+ Ofldf way.] 

eis-o-pho'ri a. =Esophoria. 

Ei'tel-berg’s test. The duration of the perception 
of vibratory sounds of the tuning fork: normally 
increased when the fork is placed near the ear at 
intervals during 20 or 30 minutes, but decreased 
in lesions of the sound^conducting apparatus, 
e-jac-u-la'tion. i. A sudden forcible expulsion; 
the ejection of the semen. E.scentre, the centre 
for ejaculation of the semen; situated in the 
lumbar region of the cord. 2. The rhythmic 
utterance of the same syllable; seen in hysteria, 
e-jac'u-la-tor. =Accelerator urin^. 
c-jac'u-la-to-ry. Ejecting or having power to eject. 

E. canal or duct = ductus ejaculatorius*. 
e-jec'ta. Excrementitious and excreted matters. 
[L., pi. of ejec'tum.] 

e-jec'tion. The act or process of discharging any¬ 
thing from the body. [< L. ejec'tio, fr. eji'cere 
to throw or thrust out.] 
ejus'dem. Of the same. [ L.] 
ek-. = Ec-. 

e-ki'ri. A form of epidemic diarrhoea occurring in 
Japan: due to a bacillus of the colon group, 
ek'to-gan. A trade name for zinc peroxide, 
e-lab-o-ra'tion. The act of improving by labor or 
successive operations: applied to the various 
changes which substances undergo in the process 
of assimilation in animals and plants. [< L. 
elabora're to work.] 

el'a-cin. A substance found in senile skin, myx- 
oedema, etc., resembling elastic fibres, but which 
takes basic dyes in alkaline solution; basophile 
elastin. 

el-ae-om'e-ter. An instrument for ascertaining the 
specific gravity of a fixed oil. [< f/ai.ov oil + 
fierpov measure.] 

el'ae-o-my-en'chy-sis. Injection into a spastic 
muscle of melted oil in quantity, which on solid¬ 
ifying by cold acts as an intramuscular splint, 
el-ae-op'tene. The liquid portion of a volatile oil, 
as contrasted with the concrete portion, or 
STEAROPTENE. [< £?.atov oil + TrT?/v 6 g fleeting.] 
e-lae-o-sac'cha-rum, pi. -ra. A mixture or com¬ 
pound of volatile oil and sugar; oilssugar; oleo¬ 
saccharum. [< D.aiov oil + L. sac'charum sugar.] 
el-a-id'ic acid. A fatty acid, Cj^Hg^Og, isomeric 
with OLEIC ACID, and produced from it by treat¬ 
ing with nitrous acid. 

e-la'i-din. A crystalline, fatty substance, Cg^Hjo^O^, 
formed by the action of nitric acid on olive, 
almond, and castor oils. [ < e?Mia olive.] 
e-la'in. The oily principle of solid fats; olein, 
el-ai-od'ic acid. = Ricinoleic acid. 
el-al'de-hyde. = Paraldehyde. 
e-las^tic. Having elasticity. E. bandage, a ban¬ 
dage of india-rubber for exerting continuous 
pressure. E. cartilage, cartilage in which the 
matrix is traversed in all directions by fibres of 
yellow elastic tissue; yellow cartilage; reticular 
cartilage: found in the epiglottis, cornicula laryn- 
gis, eustachian tube, and the pinna of the ear. 
E. collodion = collodium flexile*. E. cone = 
cricothyroid membrane. E. fibres, fibres of an 
elastic quality and a yellowish color traversing 
the intercellular substance of connective tissue. 
Posterior e. lamina =Descemet’s membrane. E. 
ligament, any one of the ligaments which appear 
in pairs between the laminae of contiguous verte¬ 


brae at the back of the spinal canal; yellow liga¬ 
ment; Hgamentum intercruralium; ligamentum 
arcuum; ligamentum flavum*. E. ligature, a lig¬ 
ature of india-mabber. E. 
membrane, a membrane com¬ 
posed of elastic tissue. E. 
movement, spontaneous con¬ 
traction of a fibre after 
stretching, due to its natural 
recoil. E. pelvis = malacos- 
TEON PELVIS. E. pulse, a 
pulse that gives to the finger 
an elastic feeling. E. stock¬ 
ing, a stocking of elastic cloth 
or webbing used for applying 
pressure to a limb. E. tissue, 
a variety of connective tissue 
composed largely of elastic 
fibres or membranes; yellow 
elastic tissue; found in the 
elastic ligaments, vocal cords, 
middle coat of the larger 
arteries, etc., and in the 
sputum in destructive lung 
diseases: stained by Weigert’s 
method. 

e-las'ti-ca*. The prepared milk- 
juice of several species of 
He'veaAuhlet (Fam. Euphor¬ 
bia'cece), known in commerce 
as Para rubber, Caoutchouc. 
e-las'tl-cin. = Elastin. 

e-las-tic'i-ty. A property by which bodies return 
forcibly and of themselves to the same form or 
dimensions as they 
possessed before 
their displacement 
or compression by 
external force. [ < 
i/MvvEiv to drive, to 
strike or impel.] 
e-las'tin. A yellowish 
albuminoid sub¬ 
stance, the essential 
constituent of yel¬ 
low elastic tissue 
and the simpler pro¬ 
teins. E.speptone 

= DEUTERO-ELAS- 
TOSE. 

e-las-tom'e-ter. An 

instrument for estimating the elasticity of the 
various tissues. Je-las-torn'e-try. 
e-las'tose. A product of the gastric digestion of 
elastin, including proto-elastose and deutero* 
elastose. 

el-a-ter'ic acid. A bitter resin-like substance from 
the fruit of Ecbal'lium elate'rium. 
e-lat'e-rid. A bitter principle derivable from ela- 
TERIUM. 

e-lat'e-rin. = Elaterinum*. Trituration of e. = 
TRITURATIO ELATERINI*. 

e-lat-e-ri'num*. Elaterin, CgoHggOg, a neutral prin¬ 
ciple extracted from elaterium. It occurs in 
small, colorless, shining, hexagonal scales or 
prisms, permanent in the air, odorless, and having 
a bitter and somewhat acrid taste. It represents 
all the activities of elaterium. Dose, 0.005 Om. 
(tV g^-)- I®* TrITURATIO ELATERINI*. [L.] 

el-a-te'ri um. A substance deposited by the juice 
of the fruit of Ecbal'lium elate'rium. Elaterium 
is a powerful hydragogue cathartic. In over- 



Elastic Cartilage 
FROM THE Epi¬ 
glottis. — c. Car¬ 
tilage cells sur¬ 
rounded by a very 
limited area of 
hyaline matrix 
(h) ; the remaining 
part of the inter¬ 
cellular substance 
is penetrated by 
net-works of elas¬ 
tic fibres (e), cross- 
sections of which 
appear as minute 
points. (Piersol.)' 



Elastic Fibres with Epithe¬ 
lial Cells and Bacteria. 
(From pulmonary tissue.) 


ELATIN 


297 


ELECTRIZE 



doses it operates with extreme violence on both 
the stomach and the bowels, and sometimes 
causes death. Dose, o.oi Gm. gr.). 
el a-tin. A compound extracted from elaterium 
by alcohol: probably a mixture of elaterin and 
chlorophyll. 

e-la'ti o. Quixotic mental extravagance, 
el'a-yl. An old name for ethylene, C2H^, otherwise 
called olefiant gas. [<C t 7 .aiov oil+W// material.] 
el'bow. I. The angle formed 
by the forearm when bent 
on the arm: commonly ap¬ 
plied to the articulation of 
the arm with the forearm, 
but more particularly denot¬ 
ing the projection of the ole¬ 
cranon. E.shone = ulna*. 

E.sjerk or sreflex, involun¬ 
tary flexion of the elbow, 
elicited by striking the ten¬ 
dons of the triceps or the 
biceps. E.sjoint, the hinges 
joint formed by the lower 
end of the humerus with 
the upper extremities of the 
radius and ulna. E.smuscle, 
i^ANCONEus. 2. Any part 
bent at an angle. [ < A. S. 
elnboga.'\ 

el'bowed catheter. = Sonde 

COUDEE. 

el'co-plas-ty. =Helcoplasty. 
el-co'sis. =Helcosis. 
el'der. =Sambucus. E.sflow- 
er water = AQUA sambuci. 

Elec. Abbr. for electricity 
and ELECTUARY, 
ebe-cam-pane'. = Inula he- 

LENIUM. 

Elect. Abbr. for L. electua'- 
rium, an electuary, 
e-lec'tion. The choice of the region of the body in 
which a surgical operation shall be performed. 
Operations of e., such operations as may properly 
be dispensed with in case the conditions seem 
unfavorable. Triangle of e., i®- triangle. 
e-lec'tive affinity. The affinity of one substance for 
a certain other, by virtue of which it selects 
that substance to combine with in preference 
to any other. 

e-lec'tric, -tri-cal. Of, relating to, produced by, or 
having the nattire of electricity. E. acupunc¬ 
ture, application of electricity directly to the 
muscle*substance by means of needle electrodes. 
E. anaesthesia, anaesthesia caused by the passage 
of an electric current through apart. E. aura = 

AURA ELECTRICA. E. bath. I. = ELECTRO¬ 
THERMAL BATH. 2. The application of electric 
light for therapeutic purposes. E. belt = G.\L- 
VANic BELT. E. breeze = AUR.v electrica. E. 
chorea, a variety of chorea marked by sudden and 
violent movements, the course of the disea.se 
being, as a rule, a steady progress from bad to 
worse, atrophy and muscular paresis being fre¬ 
quent complications; Dubini’s disease. E. dosage, 
the strength of current spread over the surface of 
an electrode used upon a patient for therapeutic 
purposes. E. endosmosis = cataphoresis. E. 
explorer = E. probe. E. formula, a series of sym¬ 
bols representing an electric reaction. E. fustiga- 
tion, IS- FUSTiGATioN. E. hand, the hand when 
used as an electrode by application to the surface 


Elbow-joint. Left 
Side, viewed Ex¬ 
ternally. — I. Ex¬ 
ternal supracondy¬ 
lar ridge of the hu¬ 
merus. 2. Ulna. 3. 
Radius. 4. Exter¬ 
nal lateral liga¬ 
ment. 5,6. Orbic¬ 
ular ligament. 7, 
8. Capsular liga¬ 
ment. 9. Interos¬ 
seous membrane. 
(Leidy.) 


undergoing electrization. E. insolation = E. sun¬ 
stroke. E. irritability, the irritability of a muscle 
or a nerve to the stimulus of electricity. E.s 



Cabinet for Electric-light Bath. 


light blindness, a form of blindness resembling 
snow*blindness, due to longscontinued or intense 
electric light. E. lithotrity, lithotrity by means 
of electrolysis. E. medicine, a system of medi¬ 
cine in which treatment by electricity is employed 
to a greater or less degree. E. ophthalmia, oph¬ 
thalmia due to continued exposure to the glare 
of electric light. E. pain = fulgurant pain. 
E. probe, a probe provided with two electric 
wires, so that contact with a bullet completes the 
circuit and thus the presence of a foreign body is 
indicated. E. reaction, muscular contraction 
produced as a reaction to electric stimulation. 
E. shock, the shock caused to the body by a 
sudden discharge of electricity. E. souffie, the 
slight current of electrified air passing from a 
static machine in action. E. spark, the flash of 
light produced by a discharge from an electric 
machine. E. stimulus, any electric current 
applied to a responsive tissue. E. tension = 
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE. E. units, Certain stand¬ 
ards of magnitude used in expressing electric 
measurements. They are ampere, coulomb, 
FARAD, joule, OHM, VOLT, and WATT. 

e-lec-tri'cian. One versed in the science of electric- 
ity. 

e-lec-tric'i-ty. The form of energy manifested 
when amber (or other non-conductor) is rubbed, 
in which case it is stationary as a charge ; when 
moving along a conductor from a point of 
higher to one of lower potential it is known as a 
current ; and when in vibratory motion it consti¬ 
tutes light. In all cases it is essentially a condi¬ 
tion of strain in the luminiferous ether, e. g., 
oppositely charged bodies are points between 
which the ether is strained. Electron. 

Among the specially named varieties of electricity 
are Animal, Dynamic (—galvanism), Faradic, 
Franklinic, Frictional, Galvanic (= galvan¬ 
ism), Induced or inductive, Negative, Positive, 
Resinous, Static, and Voltaic (= galvanism). 
[< ifkEKTpov amber.] 

e-lec-tri-fi'able. Capable of receiving or being 
charged with electricity. t®-lec-tri-fi-ca'tion. 
e-lec'tri-fy. 

e-lec-tri-za'tion. The act of charging with electricity. 

e-lec'trize. To treat with electricity. 










































ELECTRO- 


298 


ELECTRO- 


e-lec'tro-. Pertaining to electricity; electric: a 
combining form. [< ^Ae/cr/^oi'amber.] e-lec'tros 
an-aes-the'si a, anaesthesia due to electric stimu¬ 
lation. m- Cataphore- 
s I s.—e-lec ‘tro-bi-ol'-o- 
gy, the science of the 
electric phenomena of 
living beings, 
tro-bi-ol'o-gist.— 
elec'tro-bi-os'-co-py, 
the examination of the 
animal body by the ap¬ 
plication of an electric 
current, to ascertain 
whether life is present 
or not.— e-lec’tro-car'- 
di-o-gram, a photo¬ 
graphic record of elec¬ 
tromotive variations in 
the heart’s action by 
means of a markedly 
sensitive galvanometer. 

— elec*-tro-ca-tal'y-sis, 
the effects of the galvanic current upon the trophic 
processes of the nervous system, vascular con¬ 
traction, lymphatic movements, etc. &• Elec¬ 
trolysis; GALVANIZATION. — e-lec-tro-cau'ter-y 
= GALVANOCAUTERY. — e-lec'tro-ccn-te'sis, elec¬ 
trolytic absorption of effusions, etc.— e-lec-tro- 
chem'is-try, the science of the relations between 
electricity and chemistry. t®“l®c~tro-chem'i-cal, 
as E. arfiOK, chemical action induced by electrical 
conditions, e-lec-tro-chem'ism. — e-lec*tro-con- 
duc-tiv'i-ty, electric conductivity. — e-lec‘tro- 
con-trac-til'i-ty, contractility in response to elec¬ 
tric stimulation.— e-lecdro-cu-ta'ne ous, of or re¬ 
lating to the sensitivity of the sensory nerves of the 
skin to the electric current.— e-lec-tro-cu'tion, 
electric execution; capital punishment by means 
of an electric current; electrophony. ^ Electro- 
THANASiA. — e-lec'tro-cys-tos'co-py, examination 
of the bladder by means of electric illumination, 
fe-lec'tro-cys'to-scope. — e-lec'trode, the end piece 
fastened to the conducting cords of an electric bat¬ 
tery and used in applying electricity to the body; 
rheophore. Electrodes are named from their in¬ 
ventors, as Allentan’s e., for absorbing comeal 
opacities; from the part to which applied, as Colon, 
Ear,Rectal, and Uterine e. ; and from certain prop¬ 
erties, as Silent e., a dispersing or non*active e. 
Anode; cathode. — e-lec-tro-den'tis-try, the use 
of electricity in dentistry.— e-lec'tro-di-ag-no'sis, 
diagnosis by observing the effects of the applica¬ 
tion of electric currents to the body.— e-lec-tro- 
di'a-phane, diaphanoscope. t®"l®c'tro-di-aph'a- 
ny. — e-lec*tro-dy-nam'ics, the science which 
treats of the effects or phenomena of electricity 
in motion or currentselectricity. fe-lec'tro-dy- 
nam'ic. — e-lec*tro-dy-na-mom'e-ter, an instru¬ 
ment to measure the intensity of current*electric- 
ity. — e-lec*tro=en-dos'co-py, examination of inte¬ 
rior of organs by use of electric light. t®“i®®^tros 
en'do-scope. — e-lec*trosex-ci-ta-bil'i-ty, the prop¬ 
erty of reacting to electric stimuli.— e-lec-tro- 
gen'e-sis, the production of electricity. t®“l®c‘“ 
tro-ge-net'ic.— e-lec'tro-gram, e-lec'tro-graph = 
RONTGENOGRAM. t®-l®C“trog'ra-phy.— e-lec‘tro- 
hae-mos'ta-sis, the stopping of bleeding by elec¬ 
tricity.— e-lec*tro-hy-dro-ther'a-py, the combined 
use of electricity and bathing for therapeutic pur¬ 
poses. — e-lec*tro-ki-net'ic = electromotive. — 
e-lec*tro-ki-net'ics. i. The science of galvanic 


electricity. 2. Electrology as applied to me¬ 
chanic motion.— e-lec'tro-lep-sy, electric chorea. 

— e-lec‘tro-lith'o-tri-ty, the disintegration of uri¬ 
nary calculi by a galvanic current. — e-lec'tro-li- 
zer, an instrument for removing stmctures by 
electricity.— e-lec-troro-gy, a treatise on elec¬ 
tricity. t®-l®c-troro-gist.— e-lec-troTy-sis, chem¬ 
ical decomposition by electricity; galvanolysis. 

Electrocatalysis, fe-lec'-tro-lysed. e-lec- 
tro-lyt'ic, relating to electrolysis, as E. cell, a 
vessel in which electrolysis is performed: and 
E. needle, a needle electrode for electrolysis.— 
e-lec'tro-lyte, a compoimd which can be de¬ 
composed directly by electricity. — e-lec-tro- 
mag^net, a bar of soft iron surrounded by a 
coil of insulated wire: it is magnetic only while 
an electric current is passing through the coil, 
fe-lec'tro-mag-net'ic, as E. mallet, a dental mallet 
operated by electricity.— e-lec-tro-mag'net-ism, 
magnetism produced or intensified by galvanic 
electricity. — e-lec’tro-mas-sage', massage with 
the application of electricity.— e-lec’tro-med-i- 
ca'tion, the application of medicines to the body 
by means of electricity. i^Cataphoresis. fe-lec- 
tro-med'i-cal, relating to the use of electricity in 
medicine, e-lec-tro-med'i-cine. — e-lec-trom'e-ter, 
an instmment, like the gold-leaf e., used for 
ascertaining the quality and quantity of elec¬ 
tricity in an electrified body. t®“l®®*-trom'e- 
try. — e-lec-tro-mo'tive, pertaining to or producing 
electric action, asE. force, the force which moves 
an electric current; the difference in electric 
pressure or tension which causes a current just 
as a difference in hydrostatic pressure causes the 
flow of a liquid; potential; tension; voltage. 
Abbr. E. M. F.— e-lec-tro-mus'cu-lar sensibility, 
the sensibility of muscles to electric stimuli.— 
e-lec'tron. i. An ion, or its electric charge; ulti¬ 
mate corpuscle of Thomson. 2. Amber. 3. 
A separate unit of electricity much smaller 
than the atom of the chemists but correspond¬ 
ing to it; satellite of Kelvin. — e-lec-tro-neg'a- 
tive, pertaining to, holding, or carrying negative 
electricity, as E. element or ion, that ion which, in 
electrolysis, goes from the negative to the posi¬ 
tive plate of the voltaic battery or from negative 
to positive electrode in an electrolyte, as O or CO.^. 

— e-lec*tro=o-ti-at'rics, treatment of ear diseases 
by means of electricity.— e-lec‘tro-pa-thol'o-gy, 
study of pathological conditions by the applica¬ 
tion of electric stimuli. — e-lec-tro-pho'bi a, abnor¬ 
mal fear of electricity. t®“l®c-tro-pho'bist. — e-lec- 
troph'o-ny=E lectrocution .—e-lec-troph'-o-rus, 
an apparatus used in electric experiments, or an 
instrument for obtaining electricity by induction. 

— e-lec‘tro-pho-tog'ra-phy = rontgenography. 

— e-lec*tro-pho-to-ther'a-py, therapeutic treat¬ 
ment by means of electric light.— e-lec‘tro-phys- 
i-ol'o-gy, the physiology of the phenomena which 
have for cause or result the production of electric¬ 
ity in the body of a person or an animal.— e-lec- 
tro-pos'i-tive, positively electric, as E. element, 
hydrogen, and the metals in general. ^ Elec¬ 
tronegative. — e-lec*tro-prog-no'sis, the use of 
electricity in prognosis, especially of paralyses.— 
e-lec-tro-punc'ture, e-lec’tro-punc-tu-ra'tion = 

GALVANOPUNCTURE. ACUPUNCTURE.- e-lec'- 

tro-scope, an instrument for ascertaining the 
presence of electricity. — e-lec-tro-sen-si-bil'i-ty, 
sensibility to electric stimulation.— e-lec-tro-stat'- 
ics, the science of frictional or statical electric¬ 
ity. t®-l®c-tro-stat'ic.— e-lec-tro-stix'is = elec- 






-a 






























-i- 










: :: 










±. 









iiir 





ii 

■is 





- -a 

















Electrocardiogram. I. 
(P). Contraction of au¬ 
ricle. 2 (Q), .3 (R), 4 (S), 
and 5 (T). systole of the 
two ventricles, 3 and 5 
being always present in 
health, i, 3, and s are 
positive, the base of the 
heart being electrically 
negative to the apex. 
(After James and Wil¬ 
liams.) 


























































ELECTUARY 


299 


ELEOSACCHARUM 


TROPUNCTURE. — e-lec-tro-sur'ge-fy, the use of 
electricity in surgical operations. — e-lec-tro- 
syn'the-sis, chemical combination produced 
by electricity. — e-lec'tro-tha-na'si a, -than-a- 
to'sis, death from electric shock, Elec¬ 
trocution. — e-lec-tro-ther-a-peu'tics, -ther'a-py, 
the employment of electricity as a ther¬ 
apeutic agent. It is divided into far ado therapy 
(by means of the induced current) and gal- 
vanotherapy (by means of the constant current). 

— e-lec'tro-therm, an electric apparatus for ap¬ 
plying heat to the body, fe-iec-tro-ther'mal, as 
E. bath, an ordinary bath through which a current 
of electricity is passed.— e-lec'tro-tome, a device 
for breaking the circuit in an electric apparatus. 

— e-lec-trot'o-nus, the condition of a motor nerve 
when a galvanic current is passed through it; the 
increased or diminished excitability and con¬ 
ductivity of a nerve or a muscle during the 
passage of a constant current through it. 
^Anelectrotonus; catelectrotonus. fe-lec- 
tro-ton'ic, as E. current, a current induced in the 
sheath enclosing a nerve by a current passing 
through the conducting part of that nerve.— 
e-lec-tro-tre'phine, a form of trephine operated 
by electricity.— e-lec-tro-vec'tion, the passage 
of chemical elements or compounds through a 
diaphragm, by a kind of osmosis, under the 
influence of an electric current.— e-lec-tro-vi'- 
bra-to-ry massage, massage applied by means of 
an electric vibrator.— e-lec-tro-vi'tal currents, the 
name of two electric currents supposed to exist 
in animals, the one external and cutaneous, 
moving from the extremities to the cerebrospinal 
axis; the other internal, going from the cerebro¬ 
spinal axis to the internal organs; neuroselectric 
currents.— e-lec'tro-zone, the trade name for salt 
water decomposed by electricity: used as a disin¬ 
fectant. Liquor sod.® chlorinat®*. 

e-lec'tu-a-ry. A soft confection or conserve; linctus: 
a medicinal preparation consisting usually of a 
powder made up into a pasty mass with syrup or 
honey; abbr. elect. E. dentifricium, tooth-paste. 
[< L. electua'rium, as if from eli'gere to choose or 
pick out.] 

e-le'i-din. A substance found in the stratum granu- 
losum of the skin, probably a transition stage 
of keratin; keratohyalin. It stains deeply with 
certain dyes. [< olive.] 

el'e-ment. i. A rudiment or first principle; one of 
the primary constituents of anything. 2 . A 
substance which cannot be decomposed into 
other substances differing from each other, ts- 
Atom. (See Table of Elements, next column.) 

el-e-men'ta-ry. Simple; having only one principle: 
rudimental; primary; relating to an element; 
explaining elements or first principles. E. cell 
= embryonal cell. E. particles of the blood, 
Zimmermann's elementary particles. E. 
tissues, tissues of the epithelial, connective, mus¬ 
cular, and nervous type. 

el'e-mi. A resinous exudation, probably from 
Cana'rium commu'ne. It has properties similar 
to those of the turpentines, but is used exter¬ 
nally only. There are several other resins or 
gums known as elemi. [< Turk, eleme hand¬ 
picked.] 

Eleoch'aris palus'tris. A cyperaceous plant intro¬ 
duced into the United States from Europe: used 
as an astringent in hemorrhage and diarrhoea. 

e-le-op'tene. =El®optene. 

e’le-o-sac'cha-rum. = Oleosaccharum. 


TABLE OF ELEMENTS 


arranged alphabetically according to 

SYMBOLS. 


Symbol. 

Name of Element. 

At. Wt. 
(0=16) 
1911 

At.Wt. 

(H=l) 
(U. S. P.) 

Ag 

Silver (L. argeyitum) . 

107.88 

107.12 

A 1 

Aluminium. 

27.1 

26.9 

A,Ar 

Argon. 

39.88 

39.6 

As 

Arsenic. 

74.96 

74.4 

Au 

Gold (L. aiirinn) . 

197.2 

195.7 

B 

Boron . 

11.0 

10.9 

Ba 

Barium. 

137.37 

136.4 

Bi 

Bismuth. 

208.0 

206.9 

Br 

Bromine. 

79.92 

79.36 

C 

Carbon . 

12.00 

11.91 

Ca 

Calcium. 

40.09 

39.8 

Cb 

Niobium [columbium) . 

93.5 


Cd 

Cadmium. 

112.40 

iii.6 

Ce 

Cerium . 

140.25 

139.2 

Cl 

Chlorine. 

35.46 

35.18 

Co 

Cobalt. 

58.97 

58.56 

Cr 

Chromium. 

52.0 

51.7 

Cs 

Caesium. 

132.81 

131.9 

Cu 

Copper (L. cuprum) . 

63.57 

63.1 

Dy 

Dysprosium. 

162.5 

.... 

Er 

Erbium. 

167.4 

i64.8 

Eu 

Europium. 

152.0 

.... 

F 

Fluorine. 

19.0 

18.9 

Fe 

Iron (L. ferrum) . 

55.85 

55.5 

Ga 

Gallium. 

69.9 

69.5 

Gd 

Gadolinium. 

157.3 

1.55. 

Ge 

Germanium. 

72.5 

71.9 

G1 

Beryllium {glucinum) . 

9.1 

9.3 

H 

Hydrogen. 

1.008 

1.000 

He 

Helium. 

3.99 

4. 

Hg 

Mercury (L. hydrargyrum) 

200.0 

198.5 

I 

Iodine . 

126.92 

125.90 

In 

Indium. 

114.8 

113.1 

Ir 

Iridium. 

193.1 

191.5 

K 

Potassium (L. kalimn) .... 

39.1 

38.86 

Kr 

Krypton. 

82.9 

81.2 

La 

Lanthanum. 

139.0 

137.9 

Li 

Lithium . 

6.94 

6.98 

Lu 

Lutecium. 

174.0 

.... 

Mg 

Magnesium. 

24.32 

24.18 

Mn 

Manganese. 

54.93 

54.6 

Mo 

Molj'bdenum. 

96.0 

95.3 

N 

Nitrogen. 

14.01 

13.93 

Na 

Sodium (L. natrium) . 

23.00 

22.88 

Nd 

Neodymium. 

144.3 

142.5 

Ne 

Neon .. 

20.2 

19.9 

Ni 

Nickel... 

58.68 

58.3 

0 

Oxygen . 

16.00 

15.88 

Os 

Osmium. 

190.9 

189.6 

P 

Phosphorus. 

31.04 

30.77 

Pb 

Lead {h. plumbum) . 

207.1 

205.35 

Pd 

Palladium. 

106.7 

105.7 

Pr 

Praseodymium. 

140.6 

139.4 

Pt 

Platinum . 

195.2 

193.3 

Ea 

Kadium. 

226.4 

223. 

Kb 

Kubidium. 

85.45 

84.8 

Eh 

Khodium .. 

102.9 

102.2 

Eu 

Kuthenium. 

101.7 

100.9 

S 

Sulphur . 

32.07 

31.83 

Sb 

Antimony (L. stibium) _ 

120.2 

119.3 

Sc 

Scandium. 

44.1 

43.8 

Se 

Selenium. 

79.2 

78.6 

Si 

Silicon. 

28.3 

28.2 

Sm 

Samarium. 

150.4 

148.9 

Sn 

Tin (L. stannum) . 

119.0 

118.1 

Sr 

Strontium. 

87.63 

86.94 

Ta 

Tantalum. 

181.0 

181.6 

Tb 

Terbium. 

159.2 

158.8 

Te 

Tellurium. 

127.5 

126.6 

Th 

Thorium. 

232.0 

230.8 

Ti 

Titanium . 

48.1 

47.7 

T1 

Thallium . 

204.0 

202 . e 

Tm,Tu 

Thulium. 

168.5 

169.7 

U 

Uranium. 

238.5 

236.7 

V 

Vanadium . 

51.06 

50.8 

W 

Tungsten. 

184 0 

182.6 

Xe 

Xenon . 

130.2 

127. 

Y 

Yttrium . 

89.0 

88.3 

Yb 

Ytterbium. 

172.0 

171.7 

Zn 

Zinc. 

65.37 

64.9 

Zr 

Zirconium. 

90.6 

89.9 


































































































ELEPHANTIASIS 


300 


ELIXIR 


el‘e-phan-ti'a-sis. A chronic disease attended by 
inflammation and obliteration of the lymphatics; 
Barbadoes leg; bucnemia tropica; dal fil; elephant 
leg; elephantiasis arabum; mal de Cayenne; true 
elephantiasis. It is characterized by fissuration 
of the skin and hypertrophy of the subcutaneous 
tissue, the affected part being much swollen and 
misshapen, and is usually associated with the 
presence in the blood of various species of Fila'- 
ria. It attacks principally the legs and the ex¬ 
ternal genitals, and is sporadic in all countries 
and endemic in tropical climates, particularly 
near the seacoast. It is called E. Ice'vis or gla'bra, 
when the skin is smooth, and E. tubero'sa or ver- 
ruco'sa, when it is rough or tuberciilar. E. ar'- 
abum= ELEPHANTIASIS. E. asturien'sis = pel¬ 
lagra. E. graeco'rum, “ elephantiasis of the 
Greeks,” = LEPROSY. Nasvoid e., a form asso¬ 
ciated with great dilatation of the lymph=vessels. 
E. oc'uli, extreme exophthalmia. E. scro'ti, a 
form with the principal manifestations in the 
scrotum. E. telangiecto'des, a form of elephan¬ 
tiasis marked by a new skin growth composed of 
dilated lymphatics and blood=vessels. [< 
elephant.] ac; el-e-phan-ti-as'tic; 

el-e-phan'tous. 

el'e-phant leg. = Elephantiasis. 

Eletta'ria re'pens. The plant which furnishes car- 

DAMOMUM*. 

el-eu-the'ra bark. =Cascarilla. 
el-e-va'tion angle. The angle made by the visual 
plane when moved upward or downward with 
that of its normal position, 
el'e-va-tor. i. An instrument for raising depressed 
portions of bone, extracting roots of teeth, reduc¬ 
ing a displaced uterus, etc. 2. = Levator. 
e-lev'enth cranial nerve. ^Cranial nerves. 
e-lim-i-na'tion. The act of expelling from the body 
as waste products. [< L. ^ out ofthresh¬ 
old.] e-lim'i-nant, e-lim'i-na-tive, 

increasing elimination or excretion, as a remedy, 
el-i-qua'tion. Separation by fractional fusion, 
e-lix'ir. A preparation similar to a compound 
tincture, sweetened and aromatized. It may be 
used simply as an aromatic or adjuvant to dis¬ 
guise the unpleasant taste of certain drugs, or it 
may contain medicinal agents. E. ac'idi sali- 
cyl'ici (N. F.), elixir of salicylic acid. Dose, 4 
Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. ad'juvans*, adjuvant elixir, an 
elixir made from fluidextract glycyrrhiza (12 Cc.) 
and aromatic elixir (88 Cc.). E. ad Ion'gam vi'- 
tam, “ elixir of long life,” compound tincture of 
aloes. E. ammo'nii bro'midi (N. F.), elixir of 
ammonium bromide. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. 
ammo'nii valeriana'tis (N. F.), elixir of ammonium 
valerianate. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. ammo'nii 
valeriana'tis et quini'nae (N. F.), elixir of ammo¬ 
nium valerianate and quinine. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. 
dr.). E. ani'si (N. F.), elixir of anise. Dose for 
infants, i Cc. (15 mins ). E. ap'ii graveolen'tis 
compos'itum (N. F.), compound elixir of celery. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. aromat'icum*, aromatic 
elixir, a preparation made from compound spirit 
of orange, syrup, purified talc, alcohol, and water. 
It is used as a base or vehicle. E. bismu'thi 
(N. F.), elixir of bismuth. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). 
E. bu'chu (N. F.), elixir of buchu. Dose, 4 Cc. 
(i fl. dr.). E. bu'chu compos'itum (N. F.), com¬ 
pound elixir of buchu. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.;. 
E. bu'chu et potas'sii aceta'tis (N. F.), elixir of 
buchu and potassium acetate. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. 
dr.). E. caffei'nae (N. F.), elixir of caffeine. 


Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. cal'cii bro'midi (N. F.), 
elixir of calcium bromide. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). 
E. cal'cii hypophosphi'tis (N.F.), elixir of calcium 
hypophosphite. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. cal'¬ 
cii lactophospha'tis (N. F.), elixir of calciuiji lac- 
tophosphate. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. cathar'- 
ticum compos'itum (N. F.), compound cathartic 
elixir. Dose, aperient, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.); cathar¬ 
tic, 12 Cc. (3 fl. drs.). E. chlorofor'mi compos'¬ 
itum (N.F.), compound elixir of chloroform. 
Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). E. cincho'nae (N. F.), 
elixir of cinchona. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. 
cincho'nae et fer'ri (N. F.), elixir of cinchona and 
iron. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. cincho'nae, 
fer'ri et bismu'thi (N. F.), elixir of cinchona, iron, 
and bismuth. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. cin¬ 
cho'nae, fer'ri, bismu'thi et strychni'nae (N. F.), 
elixir of cinchona, iron, bismuth, and strychnine. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (ifl. dr.). E. cincho'nae, fer'ri et cal'¬ 
cii lactophospha'tis (N. F.), elixir of cinchona, 
iron, and calcium lactophosphate. Dose, 8 Cc. 
(2 fl. drs.). E. cincho'nae, fer'ri etpepsi'ni (N. F.), 
elixir of cinchona, iron, and pepsirf. Dose, 8 Cc. 
(2 fl. drs.). E. cincho'nae, fer'ri et strychni'nae 
(N. F.), elixir of cinchona, iron, and strychnine. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. cincho'nae et hypophos- 
phi'tum (N. F.), elixir of cinchona and hypophos- 
phites. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. cincho'nae,^ 
pepsi'ni et strychni'nae (N. F.), elixir of cinchona, 
pepsin, and strychnine. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). 
E. co'cae (N. F.), elixir of coca Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. 
dr.). E. co'cae et guara'nae (N. F.), elixir of coca 
andguarana. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl.dr.). E. coryd'alis 
compos'itum (N. F.), compound elixir of coryda- 
lis. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. curassa'o (N. F.), 
elixir of Cura 9 ao or Curasao cordial. Dose, 16 Cc. 
( 4 fl. drs.). E. digesti'vum compos'itum (N. F.), 
compound digestive elixir. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). 
E. eriodic'tyi aromat'icum (N. F.), aromatic elixir 
of eriodictyon. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. eucalyp'- 
ti (N.F.), elixir of eucalyptus. Dose, 4 Cc. (i 
fl. dr.). E. euon'ymi (N. F.), elixir of euonymus. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. fer'ri hypophosphi'tis 
(N.F.), elixir of ferric hypophosphite. Dose, 4 
Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. fer'ri lacta'tis (N. F.), elixir of 
ferrous lactate. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. fer'ri 
phospha'tis (N. F.), elixir of ferric phosphate. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. fer'ri pyrophospha'tis 
(N. F.), elixir of ferric pyrophosphate. Dose, 4 
Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. fer'ri pyrophospha'tis, quini'nae 
et strychni'nae (N. F.), elixir of feme pyrophos¬ 
phate, quinine, and strychnine. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. 
dr.). E. fer'ri, quini'nae et strychni'nae (N. F.). 
elixir of iron, quinine, and strychnine. Dose, 4 Cc. 
(r fl. dr.). E. fer'ri, quini'nae et strychni'nae phos- 
pha'tum*, elixir of iron, quinine, and strychnine 
phosphates, made according to the U.S.P. formu¬ 
la. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. fran'gulae (N. F.), 
elixir of frangula. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. gen- 
tia'nae (N. F.), elixir of gentian. Dose, 4 Cc. (i 
fl. dr.). E. gentia'nae et fer'ri phospha'tis (N. F.), 
elixir of gentian and ferric phosphate. Dose, 4 Cc. 
(i fl. dr.). E. gentia'nae glycerina'tum (N.F.), 
glycermated elixir of gentian. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. 
drs.). E. gentia'nae cum tinctu'ra fer'ri chlo'ridi 
(N. F.), elixir of gentian with tincture of ferric 
chloride. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. glycerophos- 
pha'tum (N.F.), elixir of glycerophosphates. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. glycyrrhi'zae (N. F.), 
elixir of glycyrrhiza. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. 
glycyrrhi'z® aromat'icum (N. F.), aromatic elixir 
of glycyrrhiza. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. grinde'- 


ELIXIR 


301 


ELYTRO- 


liae (N. F.). elixir of grindelia. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 
fl. drs.). E. guara'n* (N. F.). elixir of guarana. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (t fi. dr.). E. hu'muli (N. F.), elixir 
of hops. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. hypophos- 
phi'tum (N. F.), elixir of hypophosphites. Dose, 
8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. hypophosphi'tum cum fer'ro 
(N. F.), elixir of hypophosphites with iron. Dose, 
8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. lith'ii bro'midi (N. F.), 
elixir of lithium bromide. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). 

E. lith'ii citra'tis (N. F.), elixir of lithium citrate. 
Dose, 6 Cc. (i^ fl. drs.). E. lith'ii salicyla'tis 
(N. F.), elixir of lithium salicylate. Dose, 8 Cc. 
(2 fl. drs.). E. mal'ti et fer'ri (N. F.), elixir of 
malt and iron. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). E. 
paraldehy'di (N. F.), elixir of paraldehyde. Dose, 
8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. pepsi'ni (N.F.), elixir of 
pepsin. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. pepsi'ni et 
bismu'thi (N.F.), elixir of pepsin and bismuth. 
Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. pepsi'ni, bismu'thi et 
strychni'nae (N. F.), elixir of pepsin, bismuth, and 
strychnine. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. pepsi'ni 
et fer'ri (N. F.). elixir of pepsin and iron. Dose, 
8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. phos'phori (N. F.), elixir of 
phosphorus: official in the 1890 U. S. P. Dose, 
4 Cc. (i fl. dr.), representing 0.001 Gm. gr.) 
of phosphorus. E. phos'phori et nu'cis vom'icae 
(N. F.), elixir of phosphorus and nux vomica. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. pi'cis compos'itum (N. 

F. ), compound elixir of tar. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). 
E. pilocar'pi (N. F.). elixir of pilocarpus. Dose, 
8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. potas'sii aceta'tis (N. F.), 
elixir of potassium acetate. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. 
drs.). E. potas'sii aceta'tis et junip'eri (N. F.), 
elixir of potassium acetate and juniper. Dose, 
16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). E. potas'sii bro'midi (N. F.), 
elixir of potassium bromide. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. 
drs.). E. pro., a popular name for £. proprietaiis 
paracelsi. E. proprieta'tis paracel'si, Paracelsus’s 
elixir of propriety, so called because of its alleged 
propriety to or congruity with man’s nature, and 
its supposed tendency to prolong life. Its virtues 
are represented by the tincture of aloes and 
myrrh. E. quini'nse et phospha'tum compos'itum 
(N. F.), compound elixir of quinine and phos¬ 
phates. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. quini'nae vale- 
riana'tis et strychni'nae (N. F.), elixir of quinine 
valerianate and strychnine. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. 
dr.). E. rham'ni purshia'nae (N. F.), elixir of 
rhamnus purshiana. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. 
rham'ni purshia'nae compos'itum (N. F.), com¬ 
pound elixir of rhamnus purshiana. Dose, 4 Cc. 
(i fl. dr.). E. rhe'i (N. F.), elixir of rhubarb. 
Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. rhe'i et magne'sii 
aceta'tis (N.F.), elixir of rhubarb and magnesium 
acetate. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. ro'borans 
whyt'ti, compound tincture of cinchona contain¬ 
ing saffron. E. ru'bi compos'itum (N. F.), com¬ 
pound elixir of blackberry. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. 
drs.). E. salu'tis, compound tincture of senna. 

E. so'dii bro'midi (N. F.), elixir of sodium bro¬ 
mide. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. so'dii hypophos- 
phi'tis (N. F.), elixir of sodium hypophosphite. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. so'dii salicyla'tis (N. 

F. ), elixir of sodium salicylate. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. 
dr.). E. stillin'giae compos'itum (N. F.), com¬ 
pound elixir of stillingia. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). 
E. strychni'nae valeriana'tis (N. F.), elixir of 
strychnine valerianate. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). 
E. tarax'aci compos'itum (N. F.), compound elixir 
of taraxacum. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. terpi'- 
ni hydra'tis (N. F.), elixir of terpin hydrate. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. terpi'ni hydra'tis cum 


codei'na (N. F.), elixir of terpin hydrate with 
codeine. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. terpi'ni hy¬ 
dra'tis cum heroi'na (N. F.), elixir of terpin 
hydrate with heroin. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. 
turne'rae (N.F.), elixir of turnera. Dose, 4 Cc. 
(i fl. dr.). E. vibur'ni op'uli compos'itum (N. F.), 
compound elixir of viburnum opulus. Dose, 4 
Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. vibur'ni prunifo'lii (N. F.), 
elixir of viburnum prunifolium. Dose, 4 Cc. (i 
fl. dr.). E. zin'ci valeriana'tis (N. F.), elixir of 
zinc valerianate. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). [< Arab. 
elekser or aleksir quintessence.] 
e-lix'oid. A disagreeable drug in a disguised form. 

[< Elixir -|- euhg form.] 
el'ko-plas-ty. = Helcoplasty. 
el-lag'ic acid. An acid, C,^HgOg, prepared from 
gallic acid, and obtained from Oriental bezoars; 
bezoardic acid. 

el-lip'tic, el-lip'ti-cal. Oval or oblong, with the 
ends regularly rounded. E. amputation, an am¬ 
putation in which the primary incision has the 
form of an ellipse. E. area = AREA elliptica. 
E. polarization, polarization of light. [< 
eAAeii/iif ellipse.] 

El'lis’s ligament. A part of the rectovesical fascia 
extending to the side of the rectum; rectal liga¬ 
ment. E.’s line, an S^shaped line forming the 
upper boundary of dulness on percussion in 
pleuritic effusion without pneumothorax; Da- 
moiseau’s curve. 

elm. A genus of urticaceous trees of the United 
States. The slippery elm (Ul'mus ful'va) has a 
highly mucilaginous inner bark, which is a useful 
medicine. E. mucilage = mucilago ulmi*. 
el'o-des. =Helodes. 

e-lon'gate, e-lon'ga-ted. Lengthened or stretched 
out; exceeding the usual or average length, 
el-u-te'ri a bark. = Cascarilla. 
e-lu-tri-a'tion. The process of pulverizing sub¬ 
stances and mixing them with water, so that the 
lighter parts are separated from the heavier. 
[< L. elutria're to wash out.] 
e-lux-a'tion. Luxation; dislocation. 

E'ly’s operation. Skin-grafting for chronic suppu¬ 
rative otitis media, 
el-y-thri'tis. =Elytritis. 

el-y-tra-tre'si a. = Coleatresia. [< eXvTpov va¬ 
gina -I- aTprjToq imperforate.] 
el-y-trem-phrax'i a. An obstructed state of the 
vagina. [ < £/lprpop sheath -I- ep^pa^i^ obstruc¬ 
tion.] 

el-y-treu-ryn'ter. =Colpeurynter. 
el'y-trin. =Chitin. [< eXvrpov .sheath.] 
el-y-tri'tis. = Colpitis. 

el'y-tro-. Relating to the vagina or to a sheath; 
COLEO-; COLPO-; v agino-: a combining form. [ < 
€?ivTpov vagina.] el'y-tro-cele = colpocele. — 
el*y-tro-cla'si a, rupture of the vagina.— eky-tro- 
clei'sis, el*y-tro-clei'si a = colpocleisis. — eky- 
tro-cy-e'sis, vaginal pregnancy.— eky-troe-de'ma, 
oedema of the vagir,a. — eky-trosepd-si-or'rha- 
phy, a combination of colporrhaphy and episior- 
rhaphy.— el*y-tro-hys-te-ros'to-my, the surgical 
formation of an opening between the roof of 
the vagina and fundus of the uterus.— el'y-troid 
membrane, the sheath-like envelope of the testicle 
formed by the fibres of the cremaster ‘ muscle.— 
el-y-tron'cus, a tumor or swelling of the vagina.— 
eky-tro-pex'i a = colpopexy. — el*y-tro-phy'-ma, 
tumor of the vagina.— el'y-tro-plas-ty, any plastic 
operation upon the vagina; colpoplasty. felT” 
tro-plas'tic. — eky-tro-pol'y-pus, vaginal polypus. 


EMACIATION 


302 


EMBRYO- 


— el'y-trop-to'sis, inversion of the vagina.— el*y- 
tror-rha'gi a, hemorrhage from the vagina.— el-y- 
tror'rha-phy, the operation of closing the vagina 
by a suture in prolapsus uteri; colporrhaphy.— 
el'y-tror-rhoe'a, vaginal discharge.— ehy-tro-ste- 
no'sis, stenosis of the vagina.— el-y-trot'o-my = 
COLPOTOMY. fehy-tro-tome. 
e-ma-ci-a'tion. The state of being or becoming 
lean, Atrophy; marasmus. [< L. emacia're 
to make lean.] 

e-mac-u-la'tion. Removal of maculae or freckles. 

[< L. ^ from + mac'ula blemish.] 
em-a-na'tion. That which flows or proceeds from 
any substance; effluvium, t®- Radium. [< L. e 
from + mana're to flow.] 

e-man'o-sal. A radium preparation marketed in 
tablets: intended for rheumatism and gout, 
eman'sio men'sium. Retention of the catamenia. 
^ Amenorrhcea. [ L.] 

e-mas-cu-la'tion. The act of rendering impotent 
by injury or removal of the generative organs; 
castration, fe-mas'cu-late. 
embalming ( em-bam'fng). A process by which a 
dead body is preserved against putrefaction. 
[< F., fr. ent- ( L. in ) in + baume balm.] 
em-bed'ding. The operation of implanting a tissue 
in a firmer medium, as celloidin, gum, paraffin, 
etc., for fixation during sectioning preparatory 
to microscopical examination. It may be simple, 
in which the medium merely supports the tissue, 
or interstitial, in which the medium permeates 
every part of the tissue, giving it a firm support 
and binding together its component parts. 
Embe'lia bas'aal. A myrsinaceous shrub of India. 
Its leaves and fruit are used in medicine. E. 
ri'bes is a powerful vermifuge. Dose, 4 to 16 
Gm. (i to 4 drs.). 

Em'blica officina'lis. A euphorbiaceous tree of 
India; Phyllan'thus em'blica. Its fruit, called 
myrobalan, is used against cholera and diarrhoea, 
emboitement (on-bwot-moh). The theory of gen¬ 
eration by which thousands of individuals are 
supposed to lie one within the other, each pos¬ 
sessing a complete series of organized parts; 
preformation theory. [ F., fr. boite a box.] 
em-bo-lae'mi a. That supposed state of the blood 
which accompanies, causes, or favors the forma¬ 
tion of emboli. [ < Efi^o'koq plug -t- aipa blood.] 
em-bo-la'li a. = Emboi.ophrasia. 
em'bo-le, em-bo'lia. = Embody. 
em-boFic. Pertaining to embolism. E. abscess, 
an abscess formed in or around the clot of an 
embolus. E. aneurism, an aneurism due to an 
embolism. E. gangrene, gangrene caused by 
an embolus which interrupts the blood^supply. 
E. invagination = EMBODY. E. kidney, a kidney 
marked by a scar which is the result of an 
embolus. E. necrosis, coagulative necrosis of an 
anaemic infarct following embolism. E. phthisis, 
phthisis due to emboli. E. pneumonia, pneu¬ 
monia caused by the introduction of solid parti¬ 
cles {emboli) into the circulation, 
em'bo-lism. The obstruction of an artery or a vein 
by a clot of coagulated blood, or by any body 
brought from some point away from the site of 
obstruction: termed according to location car¬ 
diac, cerebral, mesenteric, retinal, etc. ts- Embo¬ 
lus; THROMBOSIS. Air e., embolism in which 
the obstruction consists of air^bubbles. Capil¬ 
lary e., obstruction of the capillaries by masses 
of bacteria. Fat e., embolism in which the 
obstruction consists of liquid fat from bone* 


marrow that has entered the circulation, as in 
fractures, osteomyelitis, etc. Infective e., embo¬ 
lism in which the embolus contains infective 
matter. Multiple e., embolism by numerous 
small emboli. Paradoxical e., embolism of an 
artery by a venous thrombus. Pigmentary e., a 
form in which the obstruction consists of pig¬ 
ments: often seen in melan.®mia. Pyaemic e., in¬ 
fective EMBODisM. Venous e., embolism of veins. 
[<£v in or into -f fidXXeiv to throw, to thru.st.] 
em*bo-lo-phra'si a, em‘bo-lo-la'li a. The use of 
meaningless words and expressions, a symptom 
of cerebral disease. [ < e/j,(3o2,ov intercalation -f- 
(ppaaiq phrase; talk.] 

em'bo-lus, -Ion. i. A piece of coagulum, tissue, fat, 
etc., or bacterium or other foreign body which 
has lodged in one of the smaller arteries so as to 
obstruct the circulation, Infarct; throm¬ 
bus. 2 . The nucleus emboliformis. t®®““hol'i- 
form, as E. = nucleus emboliformis*. 

em'bo-loid. 

em'bo-ly. The formation of the gastrula by invag¬ 
ination of the hypoblastic pole of the blastoder¬ 
mic vesicle. [< kfifioTii] insertion.] 
embonpoint (on-boh-pwah). Plumpness or fulness 
of the flesh. [ F.] 

em-bro-ca'tion. A fluid application for rubbing on 
any part; liniment. [< to soak.] 

em-bry-ec'to-my. Excision of the embryo in extra- 
uterine pregnancy. [< epjipvov embryo -|- CKTOfir] 
excision.] 

em'bry-o. The product of conception in utero 
before the end of the third month of pregnancy: 
after that it is called the fcetus. [< epfipvov, fr. 
tv within -f jSpveiv to swell as buds, to grow.] 
em'bry-o-. Relating to an embryo: a combining 
form. [< Embryo.] em-bry-o-car'di a, a symp¬ 
tom in which the sounds of the pulsation of the 
heart resemble those in the fetal state: usually 
combined with tachycardia. — em-bry-oc'to-ny, 
the destruction of the living embryo; the pro¬ 
duction of ABORTION. te®~bry-oc-ton'ic, em-bry- 
oc'to-nous. — em-bry-og'e-ny, the formation or 
production of an embryo, fem’bry-o-ge-net'ic ; 
em*bry-o-gen'ic. — em'bry-o-graph, an instrument, 
consisting of a combination of a microscope with 
a camera lucida, for drawing figures of embryos. 

— em-bry-og'ra-phy, a description of the foetus. 

— em'bry-oid, resembling an embryo.— em'bry- 
o-ism, -nism, the condition of being an embryo. 

— em-bry-o-lem'ma, the special fetal membranes, 
the serolemma, amnion, etc.— em-bry-ol'o-gy, 
the science which treats of the development of 
the embryo, feni-bry-ol'o-gist, one who makes 
a specialty of embryology, em-bry-o-log'i-cal. 

— em-bry-o'ma, a dermoid cyst foimd in the 
mammalian testis and ovary; considered by 
Wilnis as a rudimentary embryo. E. ova'rii, a 
collective name for dermoids and teratomata of 
the ovaries, because they contain derivatives 
of all three germinal layers.— em-bry-o-met-ro- 
tro'phi a, nourishment of the embryo.— em-bry- 
o-mor'phous, a term applied to certain abnormal 
elements of tissue, which are supposed to be 
embryonic rudiments.— em'bry-on-al, em-bry- 
on'ic, of or relating to an embryo, or to the 
embryonic state, as E. abortion, abortion before 
the fourth month: E. area = area germinativa: 
E. cells, small, round cells composing the connec¬ 
tive tissue in its primitive state: E. line, the 
primitive trace: E. sac, the blastodermic vesicle: 
E. shield, the dark circular field, due to cell-pro-' 


EMBRYULCIA 


303 


EMISSARY 


liferation, within the area pellucida in which the 
primitive streak appears: E. = segmenta¬ 

tion sphere: E. spot = area germinativa; 
GERMINAL SPOT: and E. tissue, connective tissue 
in its primitive state, as it occurs in the embryo 
and under certain conditions in the adult.— em- 
bry-on'i-form, having the form or character of 
an embryo.— em‘bry-on-tox'on = embryotoxon. 

— em*bry-o-plas'tic, relating to or contributing 
to the formation of an embryo, as E. tumor, a 
tumor believed to be due to the growth of per¬ 
sistent embryonic cells. — em'bry-o-scope, an 
instrument for observing the development of an 
embryo, as in an egg.— em-bry-oth'la-sis, destruc¬ 
tion of the embryo, Embryotomy, f^^i'bry- 
o-thlast.— em-bry-o-to'ci a, abortion. — em-bry- 
ot'o-my. I. The destruction or separation of 
any part or parts of the foetus in utero, where 
circumstances exist to prevent delivery in the 
natural way; embryulcia. ^ Cephalotomy ; de¬ 
capitation; exenteration; spondylotomy. 2. 
Anatomical dissection of embryos. 

tome, a knife or cutting instrument for perform¬ 
ing embryotomy. — em-bry-o-tox'on, marginal 
opacity of the cornea occurring congenitally. 

— em-bry-ot'ro-phy, the nutrition of the embryo, 
sm-bry-ul'ci a. The drawing or extracting of the foe¬ 
tus, generally by destructive instruments, to effect 
delivery. [< efi^pvov foetus -t- e^Kecv to draw.] 
tem-bry-ul'cus, a blunt hook used in embryulcia. 

e-mer'gen-cy. A sudden or unlooked*for occasion, 
as an accident; 
a pressing and 
urgent need, as 
an E. call. [ < 

L. emer'gere 
to raise out.] 
fe-mer'gent. 
em'e-sis, e-me'- 
sia. The act of 
vomiting. [< 
e/jLtlv to vomit.] 
em*e-ta-tro'phi a. 

W asting caused 
by chronic 
vomiting. [ < 
ijUEGig vomit¬ 
ing + arpoip'ia 
atrophy.] 
e-met'ic. i. Hav¬ 
ing power to 
excite vomit¬ 
ing. 2. A medi¬ 
cine which 
causes vomit¬ 
ing. A direct 
o T mechanical 
emetic acts spe¬ 
cifically on the 
nerves of the 
stomach; an t«- 
direct or sys¬ 
temic erne tic 
acts through 
the blood on 
the vomiting 
centre. The 
principal emet¬ 
ics are tartar 

emetic, ipecacuanha, zinc sulphate, alum, com¬ 
mon salt, copper sulphate, apomorphine, cham¬ 
omile, and mustard. E.sroot, Euphor'bia corol¬ 



Diagram to Show the Mode of 
Action of Emetics. — C. Vomit¬ 
ing centre. V. Pneumogastric 
nerve conveying impulses from 
the stomach to the centre. M. 
Motor nerve running to abdominal 
muscle. Some drugs, as zinc sul¬ 
phate and mustard, irritate the 
sensory nerves in the stomach 
and cause vomiting reflexly. Apo¬ 
morphine acts directly on the 
vomiting centre (C). Ipecac and 
antimony probably act in both 
ways. (Wood.) 


la'ta. E.sweed, the plant Lobe'lia infia'ta. [< 
L. emet'icus.] 

em*e-ti-coro-gy. = Emetology. 
em'e-tin. A resinoid from the root of ipecacuanha. 
Emetic dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.); expectorant dose, 
0.001 to 0.002 Gm. to gr.). 
em'e-tine. An alkaloid, CjjHjaNO^, on which the 
emetic virtues of ipecacuanha depend. Pure 
emetine is a white powder, inodorous, bitter, 
sparingly soluble in cold water, very soluble in 
alcohol and in chloroform. Expectorant dose, 
0.001 to 0.002 Gm. to gJjy gr.); emetic dose, 

0.005 to o Gm. to ^ gr.). fem'e-tism, 

poisoning with ipecacuanha: marked by hyper¬ 
emesis, diarrhoea, and acute inflammation of the 
intestinal canal. 

em'e-to-. Relating to emesis or vomiting: a com¬ 
bining form. [< epelv to vomit.] em'e-to-ca- 
thar'tic. i. Having power to cause both vomit¬ 
ing and purging. 2 . A medicine which produces 
vomiting and purging or defecation.— em-e-tol'- 
o-gy, the doctrine or science of emetics.— em"e- 
to-ma'nia, a strong propensity to the use of 
emetics as a cure=all.— em*e-to-mor'phine = apo¬ 
morphine. — em*e-to-pho'bi a, morbid antipathy 
to the use ot emetics; dread of vomiting, 
e-mic'tion. Urination; discharge of urine. [< L 
e out -I- min'gere to urinate.] fe-mic'to-ry. 
em-i-gra'tion. The passage of leucocytes through 
the walls of a blood-vessel. [< L. e out -f mi- 
gra're to wander.] 

em'i-nence. A projection or prominence; eminen- 
TiA*. [< L. emine're to stand out.] 
eminen'tia*. A prominence or tuberosity; emi¬ 
nence. E. acus'tica, “auditory eminence,” a 
prominence of the floor of the fourth ventricle ot 
the brain at the lateral triangles. E. annula'ris 
= PONS VAROLir. E. arcua'ta*, an eminence on 
the internal surface of the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone, indicating the position, within 
the bone, of the labyrinth. E. articula'ris, a 
rounded eminence on the temporal bone in front 
of the glenoid fossa. E. capita'ta, the radial 
head of the humerus. E. cine'rea — lamina 
ciNEREA. E. collatera'lis*, a white ridge on the 
inferior horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain, 
opposite the hippocampus major; pes accesso¬ 
rius. E. cop/chae*, a projection on the convex 
medial surface of the auricle. E. crucia'ta*, the 
protuberance produced by the conjunction of the 
two intersecting ridges on the upper surface of 
the occipital bone. E. facia'lis = facial emi¬ 
nence. E. gra'cilis = CLAVA. E. iliopectine'a* 
= iLioPECTiNEAL EMINENCE. E. intcrcondyloi'- 
dea* = iNTERCONDYLoiD EMINENCE. E. latera'lis, 
a tubercle on the cricoid cartilage articulating 
with the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage. 
E. mammilla'ria, one of the corpora albicantia. 
E. papilla'ris or pyramida'lis*, the pyramid of the 
tympanum. E. quadrigem'ina = corpora quad- 
rigemina*. E. sym'physis, the prominent lower 
border of the middle of the chin. E. te'res, a 
semicylindrical elevation on the floor of the 
fourth ventricle on each side of the median longi¬ 
tudinal sulcus. It is produced by the underly¬ 
ing fasciculus teres. [ L.] 
em-i-nen'tial. Relating to an eminence, 
emissa'rium, pi. -ria. An emissary vein. Emissa'- 
ria santori'ni = emissary veins. [ L.] 
em'is-sa-ry. i. Emitting; giving an outlet. 2 . 
Any excretory vessel. E. foramen, any one of 
the foramina in the cranium through which the 







EMISSION 


304 


EMPLASTRUM 


emissary veins pass. E. veins, venules of the 
skull which connect the venous sinuses with the 
external veins; emissaria santorini. [< L. ^ out 
+ mii'tere to send.] 

e-mis'sion. A sending forth, especially, a discharge 
of semen. [< L. e out or forth + mit'tere to 
send.] 

Em-man'u-el movement. = Worcesterism. 
em-men'a-gogue. i. Having power to excite the 
discharge of the catamenia. 2 . An agent which 
stimulates or restores the normal menstrual 
function of the uterus or causes expulsion of its 
contents. Among these agents are rue, borax, 
savin, myrrh, apiol, quinine, and ergot. A direct 
e. acts directlv on the uterus; an indirect e. acts 
indirectly, relieving a complication which may 
be the cause of amenorrhoea. [< e/z/iz/m menses 
-f aycLV to carry away.] fern-men-a-gog'ic. 
em-men'ia. The menses. [< tfiixrjvLa, fr. iv in, at, 
by + fMTjv month.] fem-men'ic, as E. monstros¬ 
ity, a female child that menstruates during 
infancy. em-men-i-op'a-thy, any disorder of 
menstruation, em-me-nol'o-gy. 

Em'me-rich’s bacillus. = Bacillus coli commu¬ 
nis. 

Em'mert’s suture. A series of double Lembert 
sutures for intestinal wounds, 
em-me-tro'pi a. The condition of a healthy eye in 
which the refracting powers are in just measure 
or proportion to the position (distance) of the 
retina, and in which, therefore, there is neither 
myopia, hyperopia, nor presbyopia, but perfect 
vision. [< ifi/aerpog in proper measure + oi/iif 
vision.] fem'me-trope, a person who is emme¬ 
tropic. em-me-trop'ic. 

Em'met’s operation, i. Suturing of the edges of 
the lacerated uterine cervix; trachelorrhaphy. 
2 . An operation for ruptured perineum. E.’s 
retractor, a self^retaining vaginal speculum, 
em'o-din. A cathartic resinous principle, C 15 H 10 O 5 . 
trioxymethyl anthraquinone, obtainable from 
rhubarb and from some species of buckthorn, 
e-moriient. An oily substance which softens or 
soothes a harsh skin=surface. Demulcent. 
E. bath, a bath made with emollients. E. cata¬ 
plasm, species, or tea = species emollientes. 
e-mo'tion. Mental excitement; agitation of the 
sensibilities or passions; an acceleration or irreg¬ 
ularity of the circulation and respiration, caused 
by a painful or an agreeable impression. [< L. 
emove're to disturb.] fe-mo'tion-al, as E. centre, 
the nervous centre regulating the external mani¬ 
festations of emotion: E. insanity, insanity in 
which the emotions or feelings only are affected, 
as distinguished from ideational insanity: E. 
neurosis, nervous disorder caused by strong 
emotional excitement: and E. paralysis, paral¬ 
ysis due to emotional excitement, sometimes 
seen in hj^sterical patients. 

Emp. Abbr. for L. emplas'trum, a plaster. 

Emp. vesic. Abbr. for L. emplas'trum vesicato'- 
rium, a blister. 

em-pas'ma, pi. -mata. A powder to be sprinkled 
upon the person. [< ev on -H irdaosiv to spread.] 
em-pa-the'ma. Ungovernable passion. [< ifnradyg 
in a passion or violent emotion.] 
em'phly-sis. A vesicular tumor or eruption on the 
skin. [< iv in or on -f (j)Xvai(; eruption.] 
em-phrax'is. Obstruction. [ < Iptppdaaeiv to block 
or stop up.] t^ni-phrac'tic. 
em-phy'ma. A tumor originating below the integ¬ 
uments. [ < ip in or within ■+■ <{)veiv to grow,.] 


em-phy-se'ma. A collection of air in the cellulai 
tissue under the skin, or beneath the pleural and 
interlobular cellular tissue of the lungs. 
Pneumatocele. Compensatory e., ^ compen¬ 
satory. Interlobular e., emphysema along the 
course of the interlobular septa of the lungs, 
caused by traumatism. Interstitial e., the pres¬ 
ence of air or other gas in the interstices of the 
tissues. E. of the lungs or Pulmonary e., a con¬ 
dition marked by unnatural distention of the 
air^vesicles of the lungs, with rupture of the 



Appearance of Chest, High Degree of Emphysema. 

(Da Costa.) 


vesicular walls, generally caused by excessive 
respiratory effort, as in whooping*cough, playing 
on wind-instruments, etc., perhaps also by early 
ossification of the costal cartilages producing rigid 
dilatation of the thorax; vesicular emphysema; 
alveolar ectasia. Subcutaneous e., the distention 
of the spaces of the areolar tissue with air or any 
other gas. Surgical e. = AERODERMECTASiA. Vag¬ 
inal e. = colpohyperplasia cystica. Vesicular 
e. = E. OF THE LUNGS. [d sptpvGdv to inflate.] 
fem-phy-sem'a-tous, as E. asthma, asthmatic 
attacks occurring in conjunction with emphyse¬ 
ma of the lungs: E. gangrene, gangrene with the 
development and collection of gas in the tissues: 
E. girdle, a girdle of distended veins often seen 
at the lower edge of the ribs in emphysema of 
the lungs: and E. vaginitis, vaginitis. 
em-phyt'i-a-treu'sis. Treatment of a case by intui¬ 
tion rather than by acquired knowledge. [< 
eptpvTog inborn -f idrpevoig medication.] 
em-pir'i-cism. The knowledge of physic acquired 
by experience alone: commonly applied to 
quackery. [< Ip-ireipla experience.] feni-pir'ic, 
em-pir'i-cist, a practitioner whose skill is the 
result of mere experience; a quack, em-pir'i-cal, 
as E. formula, chemical formula: and E. 
medicine or treatment, empiricism. 
em-plas'tic. Glutinous; adhesive, 
em-plas'trum, pi. -tra. An adhesive, solid pharma¬ 
ceutical preparation intended to be spread upon 
leather, muslin, etc., and applied externally to 
produce medicinal effects. E. aconi'ti, aconite 
plaster, an unofficial plaster made from aconite 
root, alcohol, and resin plaster. It produces a 
powerful local anodyne effect. E. adhaesi'vum*. 




EMPLASTRUM 


305 


EMULSIN 


adhesive plaster, a plaster composed of rubber, 
petrolatum, and lead plaster; the E. resinae of 
the 1890 U. S. P. E. ammoni'aci cum hydrar'- 
gyro, the 1890 U. S. P. name for ammoniac 
plaster with mercury, containing ammoniac, 
mercury, oleate of mercury, lead plaster, and 
diluted acetic acid. This plaster unites with the 
stimulant power of ammoniac the specific prop¬ 
erties of mercury. E. ar'nicae, the 1890 U. S. P. 
name for arnica plaster, made of extract of 
arnica root, 330 Gm., and resin plaster, 670 
Gm. It is supposed to be useful in sprains and 
bruises. E. aromat'icum (N. F.) = spice plas¬ 
ter. E. belladon'nae*, belladonna plaster, a plas¬ 
ter made of extract of belladonna leaves, 30 
parts, and adhesive plaster, 70 parts. It should 
contain not less than 0.38% nor more than 
0.42% of mydriatic alkaloids. It is a useful 
anodyne application in neuralgic and rheumatic 
pains and in dysmenorrhoea. E. cap'sici*, capsi- 
• cum plaster, a plaster made of oleoresin of capsi¬ 
cum and adhesive plaster. It is used as a rube¬ 
facient. E. fer'ri, the 1890 U. S. P. name for iron 
plaster, a plaster made of ferric hydrate dried at 
a temperature not exceeding 80° C. ( 176° F.), 
olive oil. Burgundy pitch, and lead plaster; 
strengthening plaster. It acts as a gentle stim¬ 
ulant in inflammatory affections of the muscles 
and joints. E. fus'cum camphora'tum (N. F.), 
camphorated brown plaster, made of red oxide of 
lead, olive oil, and wax, containing 1% camphor. 
E. hydrar'gyri*, mercurial plaster, a plaster made 
of mercury (30 Gm.), oleate of mercury (i Gm.), 
hydrous woobfat (10 Gm.), and lead plaster 
(59 Gm.): used to produce the local effects of 
mercury upon gummata. E. ichthyocol'lae, the 
1890 U. S. P. name for isinglass plaster; court* 
plaster, made from isinglass, 10 Gm.; alcohol, 
40 Gm.; glycerin, i Gm.; and water and tincture 
of benzoin, each a sufficient quantity. It is 
used as a means of drawing small wounds 
together. E. lithar'gi = E. plumbi*. E. men'- 
thol, menthol plaster of the B. P., a mild coun¬ 
terirritant: used in rheumatic pains and local 
neuralgia. E. o'pii*, opium plaster, a plaster 
made of extract of opium, water, and adhesive 
plaster: intended to relieve rheumatic and 
other pains in the parts to which it is applied. 
E. pi'cis, pitch plaster of the B. P., a rubefacient 
plaster, made of Burgundy pitch, frankincense, 
resin, yellow wax, expressed oil of nutmeg, olive 
oil, and water: used in rheumatic pains, pectoral 
affections, and inflammation of the liver. E, 
pi'cis burgun'dicae, the 1890 U. S. P. name for 
Burgundy pitch plaster, a plaster made of Bur¬ 
gundy pitch, 800 Gm.; yellow wax, 150 Gm.; 
and olive oil, 50 Gm. E. pi'cis cantharida'tum, 
the 1890 U. S. P. name for cantharidal pitch 
plaster, a plaster made of Burgundy pitch and 
cantharides cerate; warming plaster. It is an 
excellent rubefacient, more active than Bur¬ 
gundy pitch: used in chronic rheumatism, ca¬ 
tarrh, asthma, phthisis, pleurisy, pneumonia, 
etc. E. pi'cis li'quidae compos'itum ( N. F.), com¬ 
pound tar plaster, a mixture of resin (5 parts), 
tar (4 parts), and powdered podophyllum, phy- 
tolacca, and sanguinaria (each i part). E. 
plum'bi*, lead plaster, a plaster made from lead 
acetate, 60 Gm.; dried soap, 100 Gm.; and 
water, a sufficient quantity; diachylon plaster. 
It is used chiefly in the preparation of other 
plasters, but is also applied to slight wounds and 
20 


excoriated surfaces. E. resi'nae, the 1890 U. S. P. 
name for E. adh.«sivum*. E. ro'borans, 
strengthening plaster, a name variously applied, 
but chiefly to the E. ferri. E. sapo'nis*, soap 
plaster, a plaster made of dried soap, 10 Gm.; 
lead plaster, 90 Gm.; and water, a sufficient 
quantity. Soap plaster is reputed to be discu- 
tient. [< etircTiaarpov, fr. ev on + rrAduaeiv to 
mould, to spread.] 

em-pres-so-mo-ma'ni a, em-pres-si-o-ma'ni a. = 

Pyromania. [< kfiTzpTjCfio^ conflagration -I- fiavia 
madness.] 

em-pros'tho-. Denoting forward: a combining 
form. [< EfiTTpoodev forward.] em-pros'tho-cy- 
pho'sis, -cyr-to'sis, a forward bending or projec¬ 
tion of the spine, Lordosis. — em-pros'tho- 
me-loph'o-lus, em-pros*tho-me-loph'o-rus, a fetal 
monster having one or more limbs projecting 
from the upper fore parts of the body.— em-pros- 
thot'o-nos, em-pros-tho-to'ni a, the arching or 
bending of the body by bringing the head and 
limbs forward. It sometimes occurs as a form 
of tetanic spasm, and is occasionally seen in 
hysteria. 

emp'ty-sis. Expectoration, especially of blood; 
haemoptysis. [< epTrrvmg, fr. tttveiv to spit.] 

Empu'sa. A genus of vegetable parasites attack¬ 
ing insects. E. mus'ccB destroys flies. 

em-py-e'ma. A collection of pus in any cavity of 
the body, particularly in the chest. ^ Peri¬ 
pleuritis. E. of the chest, a collection of pus in 
the pleural cavity resulting either from pleurisy 
or from traumatism; pyothorax. According to 
its origin it is called idiopathic, metapneumonic, 
metastatic, tuberculous, traumatic, etc. E. neces- 
sita'tis, empyema in which the pus spontaneously 
seeks an outlet from the thorax. Pulsating e., 
empyema of the chest in which the movements 
of the heart are transmitted through the fluid so 
as to produce easily visible pulsations. [< ev 
within -I- TTvov pus.] fem-py-e-mat'ic, em-py- 
em'ic, em-py-em'a-tous, as E. scoliosis, sco¬ 
liosis. 

em-py-e'sis. Any disease characterized by phleg¬ 
monous pimples or vesicles which gradually fill 
with purulent fluid, as variola, varicella, etc. 
[< hpiTvelv to suppurate.] 

em'py-o-cele. A collection of pus within the 
scrotum. 

em-py-om'pha-lus. A collection of pus about 
the umbilicus. [ < ev in -f tcvov pus + bp(i)aA 6 g 
navel.] 

em-py-reu'ma. A peculiar, disagreeable smell of 
animal and vegetable matter when burned in 
close vessels or when subjected to destructive 
distillation. [< i:p.Trvpeveiv to kindle.] feni’py- 
reu-mat'ic. 

em-py'ro-form. A condensation*product of birch* 
tar and formaldehyde. It is antiseptic and 
desiccant and is used in 5 to 20% ointments. 

e-mul'gent. i. Straining out: applied to the 
vessels of the kidneys, supposed to strain the 
serum through the kidneys. 2. An emulgent 
vessel. 3. A medicine which stimulates the flow 
of bile. E. arteries or veins, the renal arteries or 
veins. [< L. emul'gens, pres. part, of emulge're 
to strain out.] 

e-mul'sic acid. An acid derived from the albumen 
of almonds. 

e-mul'sin. An albuminous ferment found in bitter 
almonds; synaptase. With amygdalin and water 
it forms hydrocyanic acid. 


EMULSION 


306 


ENCEPHALIC 


e-mul'sion. An oily or resinous medicine sus¬ 
pended in water through the agency of mucilag¬ 
inous or adhesive substances. For the U. S. P. 
and N, F. emulsions see emulsum. [L.] femul'- 
si-fy, e-mul'si-o-nize, to make into an emulsion. 
e-mul*si-fi-ca'tion. e-mul'sive. 

emul'sum. = Emulsion. E. ammoni'aci, the 1890 
U. S. P. name for emulsion of ammoniac, a prep¬ 
aration made from 40 Gm. of ammoniac and 
sufficient water to make 1000 Cc.; mistura 
ammoniaci. Dose, 16 to 32 Cc. (4 to 8 fl. drs.). 
E. amyg'dalae*, emulsion of almond, a prepara¬ 
tion made of sweet almond (60 Gm.), acacia (10 
Gm.), sugar (30 Gm.), and sufficient water to 
make 1000 Cc.; mistura amygdalae; milk of 
almonds: used as an agreeable demulcent in 
catarrhal and dysenteric affections. Dose, 120 
Cc. (4 fl. ozs.). E. asafoe'tidae*, emulsion of 
asafetida, a 4% mixture of asafetida; milk of 
asafetida; mistura asafoetidae of the 1880 U. S. P. 
Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). E. chlorofor'mi*, 
emulsion of chloroform, a preparation made of 
chloroform (40 Cc.), expressed oil of almond (60 
Cc.;, tragacanth powder (10 Gm.), and sufficient 
water to make 1000 Cc. This is an easy and agree¬ 
able form for administering chloroform. Dose, 
8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. o'lei mor'rhuae*, emulsion 
of cod liver oil, a 50% emulsion of cod liver oil, 
prepared with acacia, syrup, and water, and 
flavored with 4% of oil of gaultheria, or a suit¬ 
able quantity of oil of bitter almond or other 
suitable flavoring. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). E. 
o'lei mor'rhuae cumcal'cii lactophospha'te (N. F.), 
emulsion of cod liver oil with calcium lactophos- 
phate. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). E. o'lei mor'- 
rhuae cum cal'cii phospha'te (N. F.), emulsion of 
cod liver oil with calcium phosphate. Dose, 16 
Cc. (4 fl. drs.). E. o'lei mor'rhuae cum cal'cii et 
so'dii phospha'tibus (N. F.), emulsion of cod 
liver oil with the phosphates of calcium and 
sodium. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). E. o'lei mor'¬ 
rhuae cum extrac'to mal'ti (N. F.), emulsion of 
cod liver oil with extract of malt. Dose, 16 Cc. 
(4 fl. drs.). E. o'lei mor'rhuae cum h3rpophos- 
phi'tibus*, emulsion of cod liver oil with hypo- 
phosphites, a 50% emulsion of cod liver oil, with 
1% of calcium hypophosphite and 0.5% each of 
the hypophosphites of potassium and sodium: 
alterative and nutritive. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). 
E. o'lei mor'rhuae cum pru'no virginia'na (N. F.), 
emulsion of cod liver oil with wild cherry. Dose, 
16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). E. o'lei ri'cini (N. F.), emul¬ 
sion of castor oil. Dose, 48 Cc. fl. oz.). E. 
o'lei terebin'thinae*, emulsion of oil of turpentine, 
a 15% emulsion of rectified oil of turpentine. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). E. o'lei terebin'thinae 
for'tior (N. F.), stronger emulsion of oil of tur¬ 
pentine. Dose, 2 Cc. fl. dr.). E. petro'lei 
(N. F.), petroleum emulsion. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. 
drs.). E. phospha'tica (N. F.), phosphatic emul¬ 
sion. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). [ L.] 

e-munc'to-ry. i. Excretory. 2. Any excretory 
duct of the body. [< L. emun'gere to blow the 
nose, to cleanse.] 

e-mun-da'tion. In pharmacy, the process of re¬ 
moving useless portions or substances from the 
crude drug to prepare it for use in medicine. [ < 
emunda're to cleanse.] 

en. A Greek preposition signifying “in” or 
“ within.” Before b, m, and p it is changed to 
em, as in embolus, something which is “ thrown 
into ” the arteries, veins, etc. [ Gr. fv.] 


en-ae-o-re'ma. Any cloudy material floating in the 
midst of the urine. [< evaiupeladat to float.] 
e-nam'el. The very hard, compact, white sub¬ 
stance of calcified epithelial tissue investing the 
crown of the teeth; substantia adamantina*. 
Tooth. E.scap, the enameborgan of a develop¬ 
ing tooth when it covers the top of the papilla 
like a cap. E.scell = ameloblast. E.scolumn 
= E.srod. E.scuticle = Nasmyth’s membrane. 
E.sepithelium, the epithelium forming the cover¬ 
ing of the enamel sgerm. E.sfibre = E.=ROD. E.s 
germ, the epithelial rudiment of the enamel# 
organ. E.sjelly, a jelly#like substance in a form¬ 
ing tooth which develops into the enamel. E.s 
membrane. i. = Nasmyth’s membrane. 2. 
The inner celblayer in the enamel organ of the 
embryological dental germ. E.sorgan, an organ 
connected with the dental groove of the embryo, 
consisting of an involution of the epithelium and 
forming an epithelial cap which embraces the 
dental papilla and afterwards develops the 
enamel of the tooth. E.sprism = E.srod. E.s 
pulp = E.sjelly. E.srod, any one of the series of 
prismatic fibres of which the enamel of a tooth 
is composed. E.ssac, the stage of the enamel# 
organ when its external layer forms a sac enclos-'^ 
ing the whole dental germ, 
en-an-the'ma, pi. -them'ata. An eruption on a mu¬ 
cous surface: contrasted with EXANTHEMA. [<£v 
in -t- dvOTjpa flowering.] t®n-an-them'a-tous. 
en-an-the'sis. An eruption not connected with in¬ 
ternal disease. [< in + dvdecv to blossom.] 
e-nan-thyl'ic acid. = CEnanthylic acid. 
en-an*ti-o-bi-o'sis. Commensalism in which the 
associated organisms act in a manner hostile to 
each other’s development. [< evavTtog opposite 
-f- / 3 /of life.] 

en-an-ti-op'a-thy. i. A disease or morbid process 
antagonistic to or curative of another disease or 
morbid process. 2. A system of curing one dis¬ 
ease by inducing another of an opposite kind. 
[<£vavr<of opposite -f Trd^of suffering.] fen-an- 
ti-o-path'ic. 

en-ar'ky-o-chrome. Nissl’s term for a nerve#cell 
which takes the stain best in the celbbody. Its 
formed part is arranged in the shape of a net¬ 
work. [< £R in -f dpKvg net -f color.] 

en-ar-thro'sis*. A ball#and#socket joint; a joint 
in which the globular head of one bone fits into 
a spherical socket in the other, as in the hip# 
joint and the shoulder#joint. [< £v in -f apOpov 
joint.] t®n-ar-thro'di al. 

en-can'this. A small red excrescence on the lach¬ 
rymal caruncle and the semilunar fold of the 
conjunctiva. [< £R in + mvdog canthus.] 
en-cap-su-la'tion. The act of enclosing in a cap¬ 
sule; the physiological process of enclosure in a 
sheath of a foreign substance introduced into the 
bodily tissues. t®n-cap'su-la-ted, en-cap'suled. 
en-car-di'tis. = Endocarditis. 
en-cas'ing cells. = Cover#cells. 
en-ce-li'tis. =Enccelitis. 

en-ceph-a-lse'mi a, en-ceph-a-le'mi a. Congestion 
of the brain. [< eyKe^aTioq brain -f- alpa blood.] 
en-ceph-a-lal'gi a. A pain within the head, 
en-ceph'a-las-the'ni a. =Cerebral neurasthenia. 
en-ceph'a-late. Having an encephalon, 
en-ceph-a-la-troph'ic. Relating to or affected with 
atrophy of the brain. 

en-ce-phal'ic. Pertaining to the encephalon. E. 
vesicles == CEREBRAL vesicles. E. nerves, &• 

TRIGEMINAL NERVE. 


ENCEPHALIN 


ENCLITIC 


307 


en-ceph'a-lin. A nitrogenous substance obtained, 
along with cerebrin and homocerebrin, from 
brainstissue. 

cn-ce-pha'lion. = Cerebellum. [Dim. of cy/ce- 
<paXog brain.] 

en-ceph-a-li'tis. Inflammation of the brain and its 
membranes, fen-ceph-a-lit'ic. 
en-ceph'a-lo-. Denoting the brain; cerebro-: a 
combining form. [ < kyKecpaXog brain.] en-ceph'- 
a-lo-cele, protrusion of a portion of the brain 
through a preternatural opening in the skull. 


1 ^ 



Encephalon (Brain) Seen From Below. — i. Frontal 
lobes of cerebrum. 2. Temporal lobes. 3. Occipital 
lobes. 4, 5. Anterior and posterior extremities of the 
great longitudinal fissure. 6. Sylvian fissure. 7. An¬ 
terior perforated space. 8. Infundibulum. 9. Mam¬ 
millary eminences. 10. Posterior perforated space. 
II. Crura cerebri. 12. Pons. 13. Medulla oblongata. 
14. Pyramid. 14X. Decussation of the pyramids. 15. 
Olive. 16. Restiform body. 17. Hemispheres of cere¬ 
bellum. 18. Vermis. 19. Middle cerebellar peduncle. 
20. Flocculus. 21. Fissure occupied by olfactory lobe, 
22. 23. Olfactory bulb. 24. Optic chiasm. 25. Oc¬ 

ulomotor nerve. 26. Trochlear nerve. 27. Trifacial 
nerve. 28. Abducens. 29. Facial nerve. 30. Audi¬ 
tory nerve. 31. Glossopharyngeal nerve. 32. Vagus. 
33. Accessorius. 34. Hypoglossus. (Leidy.) 

^ Cephalocele; cephal.®matocele ; poren¬ 
cephalia. — en-ceph'a-lo-coele, the entire cavity 
of the encephalon.— en-ceph’a-lo-di-al'y-sis, soft¬ 
ening of the brain.— en-ceph"a-lo-dyn'i a, pain in 
the head.— en-ceph'a-lo-hae'mi a = encephal^- 
MiA. — en-ceph'a-loid. i. Resembling the sub¬ 
stance of the brain. 2. Encephaloid cancer; a 
brain =like tumor, including the soft, spongy 
forms of carcinoma. Many growths formerly 
regarded as encephaloid cancers are now clas¬ 
sified as sarcomata. E. cancer, i. = Encepha¬ 
loid, def. 2. 2. ^Medullary cancer. E. 

sarcoma = medullary sarcoma. — en-ceph'a-lo- 
lith, a brainscalculus; a brain=stone.— en-ceph- 
a-lol'o-gy, the science of the brain.— en-ceph-a- 
lo'ma. I. Hernia cerebri. 2. Encephaloid; a 
malignant growth of a soft or brain=like texture. 
— en-ceph*a-lo-ma-la'ci a, a softening or morbid 
softness of the brain. In its acute form it is 
caused by inflammation and arterial and venous 
obstructions. The chronic form is usually located 


in the white substance of the hemispheres. 

Softening of the brain. —■en-ceph'a-lo-men- 
in-gi'tis, inflammation of the brain and its mem¬ 
branes.— en-ceph’a-lo-me-nin'go-cele, protrusion 
of the substance of the brain and the cerebral 
membranes through the skull. — en-ceph'a-lo- 
mere, any one of the segments of which the 
primary brain consists.— en-ceph-a-lom'e-ter, an 
instrument for measuring the cranium and locat¬ 
ing on it points which correspond to certain 
brain=regions.— en-ceph-a-lo-my-e-li'tis, enceph¬ 
alitis combined with myelitis.— en-ceph'a-lo-my- 
e-lop'a-thy, any disea.sed condition of the brain 
and spinal cord.— en-ceph'a-lon*, the brain; the 
contents of the skull, i. e., forebrain (hemi¬ 
spheres, olfactory lobe, corpora striata, and 
optic thalami), midbrain (corpora quadrigemina 
and crura cerebri), hindbrain (cerebellum, pons 
varolii, and medulla oblongata).— en-ceph’a-lo- 
nar-co'sis, stupor due to disease of the brain.— 
en-ceph-a-lop'a-thy, any disease of the brain, as 
Lead e., the severest form of chronic lead poison¬ 
ing.— en-ceph-a-lo-phy'ma, a tumor of the brain. 

— en-ceph'a-lo-py-o'sis, suppuration in the brain 

— en-ceph'a-lor-rha-chid'i an = cerebrospinal. 

— en-ceph*a-lor-rha'gi a, hemorrhage from the 
brain. — en-ceph'a-lo-scope, an instrument for 
observing the brain by illumination from a head* 
mirror after trephining. fen-ceph-a-los'co-py. 

— en-ceph'a-lo~sep'sis, gangrene of the tissues of 
the brain.— en-ceph-a-lo-spi'nal, relating to the 
brain and spinal cord, as E. = cerebro¬ 
spinal axis: and E. conducting paths, paths in 
the brain and spinal cord along the fibres of 
which sensations are conducted.— en-ceph‘a-lo- 
thlip'sis, compression of the brain.— en-ceph-a- 
lot'o-my. I. Dissection or surgical incision of 
the brain. 2. Cutting of the fetal head to effect 
delivery. ten-ceph'a-lo-tome. — en-ceph'a-lo- 
trau'ma, a wound of the brain. 

en-chon-dro'ma. A tumor composed of cartilagi¬ 
nous tissue; chondroma: when accompanied by 
calcification, termed osteochondroma. E. phy- 
salif'era, a tumor of vesicular cells at the clivus 
blumenbachi, consisting of remnants of the 
spheno=occipital cartilage or arising from the 
primitive notochord. [ < ev m + xovSpog carti¬ 
lage.] fen-chon-drom'a-tous, as E. myxoma, 
myxoma. 

en-chon*dro-sar-co'ma. Enchondroma combined 
with sarcoma. 

en-chon'dro-tome. An implement for excising car¬ 
tilaginous tumors. 

en-chon'drous. i. Cartilaginous. 2. Granular. [< 
£v in -|- xovdpog cartilage; also a grain.] 
en-chy-le'ma. The granular or hyaline substance 
forming the interfibrillar part of the nucleus of 
any cell; nuclear juice. [< in -f juice.] 

en'chy-ma. The substance elaborated from ab¬ 
sorbed nutritive materials for the growth of the 
morphological elements of the organism. [< iv 
in to pour.] 

en-chym'a-tous. Distended by a liquid, [d iyx'^f^f^ 
infusion.] 

enclave (en-clev', F. on-clav). A substance en¬ 
closed within some foreign tissue. [F.] 
enclavement (oh-clav-mon). i. Impaction, as of 
the foetus in the pelvic strait. 2. Retention 
caused by constriction. [F.] 
en-clit'ic. Having the planes of the fetal head in¬ 
clined with those of the mother’s pelvis: opposed 
to synclitic. [< kyKXiveLv to incline.] 






















ENCCELIALGIA 


308 


ENDO- 


en-ccB-li-al'gi a. Abdominal neuralgia. [ < in + 
KoiTiia belly + a/Iyof pain.] 

en-coe-li-i'tis. Inflammation of any abdominal 
organ. [< in+ k:o4 Am abdomen.] 
en-co-le-o'sis. Invagination. [< fv in + /coAeof 
sheath.] 

en-col'pism. i. The introduction of medicines into 
the vagina. 2. A vaginal injection. [< ev in + 
KoTi^rroq vagina.] 

en-col-pi'tis. = Endocolpitis. 
en-cra'ni al. Within the cranium, 
en-cys'ted. Enclosed in a cyst or sac. E. calculus, 
a urinary calculus which has become enclosed in 
a sac developed from the walls of the bladder. 
E. hernia, a variety of scrotal or oblique inguinal 
hernia in which the bowel, covered by its own 
proper sac, descends into the tunica vaginalis, 
which it invaginates so that the bowel has three 
coverings of peritoneum. E. peritonitis, peritoni¬ 
tis in which the resulting collection of pus or 
serum is enclosed by adhesions. E. pleu¬ 
risy, a form of pleurisy in which the effusion is 
separated into pockets. E. rectum, a rectum in 
which poaches are formed in the mucous mem¬ 
brane. This condition is called Sacciform disease 
of the anus. E. tumor, a tumor enclosed in a 
membranous sac. [< tv in-\-KvaTL^ bladder, sac 
or cyst.] fcn-cys'tis, an encysted tumor, en- 
cyst'ment, the act of becoming encysted. 
end=ar'te-ry. An artery which does not anastomose 
with other arteries, either of itself or by its 
branches. E.satrophy, thinning and breaking of 
hair, which seems to be due to the entrance 
of air into its roots. E.sbrain, that portion of 
the anterior cerebral vesicle from which are de¬ 
veloped the pars optica hypothalami, pallium, 
corpus striatum, and rhinencephalon; telencepha¬ 
lon"^. E.sbrush, the tuft or brushslike arrange¬ 
ment sometimes forming the termination of the 
process of a nerve=cell; E.=bud or sbulb, one of 
the terminal ovoid or spheroidal bodies found in 
the more sensitive parts of the mucous mem¬ 
brane, at the end of the branches of sensitive 
nerves, Krause’s endsbuds; tactile cor¬ 
puscles. E.sflake = E.splate. E.=lobe, the 

occipital lobe. E.sorgan, any end^^structure 
(bulb, plate, corpuscle, or the like) situated at 
the distal end of a nerve=branch. E.^organs of 
Ruffini, cm- Ruffini. E.=plate, the terminal dis¬ 
coid expansion of the end of a branch of a motor 
nerve. There are also sensory endsplates at the 
junctions of muscles with tendons. E.=tosend 
implantation, repair of a divided structure, as a 
nerve or the bowel, by bringing together the 
divided ends. 

en-da-del'phos. A twin monstrosity in which the 
parasite is included within the autosite or en¬ 
closed in a tumor upon the more perfect and 
larger twin. [< within-had brother.] 

ten-da-del'phi a, foetation by inclusion, 
en-dan'gium. The serous membrane, or intima, 
lining the inside of the blood-vessels. [<£itW 
within -f ayyelov vessel.] fen-dan-ge-i'tis, en- 
dan-gi'tis, inflammation of the endangium. 
en-da-or-ti'tis. Inflammation of the innermost coat 
of the aorta. [<_ev 6 ov within -f aorta.] 
en-dar-te'ri al. Within an artery, 
en-dar-te-ri'tis. Inflammation of the internal coat 
of an artery. E. defor'mans, chronic endarteritis 
marked by fatty degeneration of the tissue of the 
arteries and by formation of deposits of lime 
salts. (^Atheroma. E. oblit'erans, gradual 


hypertrophy of the tissues with contraction and 
occlusion of the arterial lumen: almost exclu¬ 
sively confined to the smaller arteries. _ [ < tvdov 
within -hdprrjpta artery.] 
en'de-cane. =Hendecane. 

en-deic'tic. Symptomatic; indicative, {ci IvdeL^ig 
indication.] 

en-dera'ic. Belonging to a particular district: ap¬ 
plied to diseases that prevail in particular dis¬ 
tricts and that are due to special etiological con¬ 
ditions existing there. Epidemic ; pandemic. 
E. colic, a form of colic, resembling lead-colic, 
occurring endemically in some tropical countries. 
E. cretinism, CRETINISM. E. neuritis = neuri¬ 
tis ENDEMicA. E. ulcer, a form of ulcer peculiar 
to a certain’district, or due to etiological condi¬ 
tions peculiar to that place. [< in -f d-^pog a 
people, a district.] ten-de'mi a, an endemic dis¬ 
ease. en-de'mi al. en-de-mic'i-ty, the quality of 
being endemic, en-de-mi-ol'o-gy, the science of 
endemic diseases. en-dem*o=ep-i-dem'ic, usually 
endemic, but spreading periodically so as to be¬ 
come epidemic. 

en-dep-i-der'mis. = Epithelium. [<. ivdov with¬ 
in-h epidermis.] 

en-der'mic, en-der-mat'ic. Within the skin. E. 
medication or medicine, medication by blistering 
and applying the medicament to the exposed 
dermis. [<£p in or on + deppa skin.] 
en'der-mol. A proprietary compound of stearamide 
with hydrocarbons of the paraffin series: used as 
an ointment base. 

en-der-mo'sis. i. An herpetic affection of the mu¬ 
cous membranes. 2. The endermic method of 
administering medicines. [< £P in-t-dep^a skin.] 
en'de-ron. The deeper part of skin or mucous 
membrane, as distinguished from epidermis or 
epithelium. [< tv in-hdtpog skin.] en-de-ron'ic. 
en-dex-o-ter'ic. Resulting from causes both in¬ 
ternal and external to the body. [<£pdop within 
-ht^urepiKog relating to the outside.] 
en'do-. Signifying within: a combining form. [< 
evdov within.] en*do=ab-dom'i-nal, relating to 
the interior of the abdomen.— en’do=an-eu-ris- 
morTha-phy. [Tf J. A. M. A. j. ’09.] — en-do=a- 
or-ti'tis = endaortitis. — en"do=ap-pen-di-ci'tis, 
acute inflammation of the mucous membrane lin¬ 
ing the appendix vermiformis; catarrhal appendi¬ 
citis.— en'dosar-te-ri'tis = endarteritis. — en‘- 
dosaus-cul-ta'tion, auscultation of the stomach, 
lungs, and heart by means of a tube passed into 
the stomach.— en'do-blast, the hypoblast or en- 
doderm; the internal of the three primary blasto¬ 
dermic layers, fen-do-blas'tic. — en-do-bron-chi'- 
tis, inflammation of the bronchial mucous mem¬ 
brane.— en-do-car-di'tis and associated words, see 
in vocabulary place at end of this list.— en-do- 
ce-la'rium, es?- ccelarium. — en-do-cer'Vi-cal, re¬ 
lating to the inside of the cervix uteri, as E. 
catarrh, endocervicitis.— en’do-cer-vi-ci'tis, cer¬ 
vical endometritis; inflammation of the lining 
membrane of the cervix uteri.— en-do-chon'dral, 
formed or situated within a cartilage, as E. hone, 
bone which is formed within cartilage.— en-do- 
cho'ri on, the inner layer of the chorion.— en'do- 
chyme = endoplasm. — en-do-coe-la'ri um, cm- cce- 
LARiUM. ten-do-cce'lar, situated on the inner 
surface of the coelom, or body-cavity; splanch- 
nopleural.— en-do-co-li'tis, inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the colon.— en-do-col-pi'- 
tis, inflammation of the mucous and submucous 
membranes of the vagina. Its opposite is peri- 


ENDO- 


309 


ENDO- 


vaginitis. ts- Colpitis.— en-do-com'ple-ment, a 
complement contained in the erythrocytes, in 
distinction to the one contained in the serum. 

— en-do-cra'ni um, the dura mater of the brain, 
fen-do-cra'ni al. en-do-cra-ni'tis, inflammation 
of the endocranium; pachymeningitis externa; 
cerebral duritis.— en-do-cy'e-mate, having the 
embryo invaginated in the blastodermic vesicle: 
said of amniotic vertebrates.— en-do-cy-e'sis, the 
formation of an endocyemate embryo.— en'do- 
cyme, a parasitic twin included within an auto¬ 
site.— en'do-cys-ti'tis, inflammation of the lining 
membrane of the bladder.— en'do-cys-to-ma-ti'tis, 
inflammation of the inner wall of a cystoma.— 
en'do-derm, the inner layer of the blastoderm; 
the hypoblast, fen-do-der'mal, relating to, com¬ 
posed of, or constituting the endoderm.— en-do- 
di'a-scope, an instrument for the examination of 
a bodyscavity.— en-do-don-ti'tis, inflammation of 
the membrane lining the pulp^cavity of a tooth. 

— en‘do=en-te-ri'tis, inflammation of the mucous 
membrane of the intestines. — en*do=ex-o-ter'ic, 
applied to a disease the originating causes of which 
are both internal and external. — en-do-en'zyme, 
an intracellular enzyme; one which acts within 
the living cell, as in the case of yeast and certain 
enzymes which bring about autodigestion in 
various organs. — en’do-gas'tric, relating to the 
interior of the stomach. — en*- 
do-gas-tri'tis, inflammation of 
the gastric mucosa. — en'do- 
gen, any of a class of plants 
formerly supposed to grow 
from within, instead of ex¬ 
teriorly. Exogens. Endo- 
gens are monocotyledonous 
while exogens are dicotyled¬ 
onous, and have parallel* 
veined instead of net*veined 
leaves; the cross*section of 
the stem shows separate vas¬ 
cular bundles instead of a 
ring of them divided by a 
layer of growing cells. — en- 
dog'e-nous, en-do-gen'ic, orig¬ 
inating within the organism; 
not exogenous, a.sE. aneurism, 
an aneurism whose formation 
is due to disease of the vessel* 
walls: E. celUdivision, division 
of the nucleus of a cell without 
division of its protoplasm, as 
in the multinucleated mar- 
row*cells: E. infection, infec¬ 
tion from some source within 
the body: and E. skin==refiex, 
pain and disturbed sensation 
referred to definite cutaneous 
areas, seen in certain visceral 
diseases. — en-do-glob'u-lar= intraglobular, as 
E. necrosis or Maragliano’s e. degeneration, the 
presence of vacuole*like spots in the erythrocytes 
of the circulating or withdrav/n blood: these may 
be amoeboid or may be mistaken for malarial 
hyalines, but are usually more sharply outlined. 

— en-do-gna'thi on, the internal intermaxillary 
bone, Intermaxillary bone. — en-do-la-ryn'- 
ge aJ, within the larynx. — en-do-lem'ma = neuri¬ 
le m.m a. — en'do-lymph, the fluid within the 
membranous labyrinth of the ear; liquor scarpae; 
dtreous humor of the ear; endolympha*. 

do-lym-phat'ic, en-do-lym'phic, relating to the 


endolymph, as E. = ductus endolymphat- 
icus*: E. fluid, the endolymph: and E. sac = 
SAccus ENDOLYMPHATicus*. — en-do-lym-phan'- 
geal, contained in lymphatic vessels: applied to 
certain nodules in serous membranes in connection 
with the lymphatic system. E. nodule, lymph* 
NODULE. — en*do-mas-toi-di'tis, inflammation of 
the interior of the mastoid cavity and the mas¬ 
toid cells.— en-do-mer'sion objective, a variety of 
microscopic objective in which a liquid medium is 
placed between two lenses.— en-do-me-tri'tis and 
associated words, see in vocabulary place at end 
of this list.— en‘do-met-ror-rha'gi a, hemorrhage 
within the womb.— en-dom'e-try, the measure¬ 
ment of the interior of a cavity or of an organ.— 
Endomy'ces al'bicans. The organism which causes 
thrush; Saccharomyces albicans. [If 5 .’o 9 .]- 
en‘do-my-o-car-di'tis, endocarditis blended with 
myocarditis.— en-do-mys'i um, the areolar tissue 
found between the individual fibres of the 
muscular fascicles, fen-do-mys'i al. — en-do-ne- 
phri'tis, inflammation of the lining membrane of 
the pelvis of the kidney.— en-do-neu'ral, relating 
to the interior of a nerve; situated within a 
nerve.— en-do-neu'ri um, the delicate connective 
tissue holding together the nerve*fibres within 
the funiculus of a nerve, f en-do-neu'ri al. — en- 
do-neu-ri'tis, inflammation of the endoneurium. 

— en*do 5 oe-soph-a-gi'tis, inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the oesophagus.— en-do- 
par'a-site, a parasite living within the body of 
its host.— en-dop'a-thy, a disease arising from 
within the organism; a disorder which is not 
enthetic. t®ii"do-path'ic. — en-do-pel'vic, relat¬ 
ing to the interior of the pelvis.— en’do-perdsar- 
te-ri'tis, endarteritis combined with perisarteritis. 

— en-do-perd-car-di'tis, a combination of endo¬ 
carditis and pericarditis. t®^“<iO"P®r'i-car-dit'ic. 

— en*do-per-i-myo-car-di'tis, inflammation of the 
endocardium, pericardium, and myocardium.— 
en-do-perd-neu-ri'tis, inflammation of the endo¬ 
neurium and perineurium.— en-do-per*i-to-ni'tis, 
inflammation of the serous membrane lining the 
peritoneal cavity.— en-do-phle-bi'tis, inflamma¬ 
tion of the inner coat of a vein, fen-do-phle-bit'- 
ic.— en'do-phyte = entophyte. t®^“<l0“Phyt'ic, 
as E. parasite, a parasite living within the tissues 
of its host.— en'do-plasm, the soft or semifluid 
portion of the contents of a cell.— en'do-plast, a 
name for the nucleus of any cell, whether of 
animal or vegetable origin.— en-do-pleu'ral pulse, 
a pulsation in pulsating pleurisy which is not 
visible externally and can be shown only by means 
of a manometer. i^Exopleural pulse. — en- 
do-rha'chis, the connective*tissue lining of the 
spinal canal.— en-do-rhi-ni'tis, inflammation of 
the lining membrane of the nasal passages.— 
en'do-sal-pin-gi'tis, inflammation of the ental 
parts of the fallopian tube.— en'do-scope, an 
instrument designed to examine the interior of 
cavities which have a narrow orifice, such as 
the urethra, the bladder, the neck of the uterus, 
and accidental cavities, Enteroscope; specu¬ 
lum; URETHROSCOPE. -f-en-do-scop'ic. en-dos'- 
co-py, ‘the use of the endoscope.— en-do-sep'sis, 
septicaemia from causes within the body.— en'- 
do-sis, a temporary remission of a fever.— en-do- 
skeTe-ton, the internal framework of the body, 
consisting of bone and cartilage. t®^“do-skere- 
tal. — en-dos-mom'e-ter, an instrument for show¬ 
ing the gradual progress of endosmosis.— en-dos- 
mo'sis, en'dos-mose, the passage of one fluid 



Endogen. — Trans¬ 
verse section of 
stem showing 
closed vascular 
bundles scattered 
through the pa¬ 
renchyma. a. Xy- 
lem. b. Phloem. 


ENDOCARDIAC 


310 


ENESOL 


through a porous septum or membranous par¬ 
tition into the cavity containing another fluid 
of different density, i®- Exosmosis ; osmosis. 
ten-dos-mot'ic, as E. equivalent, a number which 
represents the weight of distilled water that 
passes into the endosmometer while one gramme 
of the given substance is passing out.— en'- 
do-spore, a spore formed within a cell, as dis¬ 
tinguished from an artkrospore. — en-do-steth'o- 
scope, an instrument passed into the oesoph¬ 
agus for auscultating the heart. ^ Stetho¬ 
scope. — en-dos'teum, medullary membrane; 
the lining membrane of cavities within bones, 
fen-dos'te al, relating to endosteum; occurring 
in endosteum, en-dos-te-i'tis, en-dos-ti'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the endosteum.— en-dos-to'ma, a 
chronic tumor within a bone.,— en-dos-to'sis, 
bony deposit or ossification within cartilaginous 
or other tissue. — en-do-the'li al, relating to or 
composed of endothelium, as E. carcinoma —en¬ 
dothelioma: and E. cell, any one of the cells 
making up the endothelium; an epithelioid cell. 

— en-do-the'li oid, resembling endothelium.— en- 
do-thedi-osi-no'ma, an inoma of epithelial origin. 

— en-do-thedi-o-lei'o-my-o'ma, a malignant leio¬ 
myoma of endothelial origin.— en-do-the-li-ol'y- 
sin, a cytotoxin capable of dissolving endothelial 
cells. — en’do-the-li-o'ma, pi. endothelio'mata, a 
malignant growth continuous with the endothe¬ 
lium, and showing a proliferation of its cell* 
elements.— en-do-the'li-o-my-o'ma, a myoma of 
endothelial origin. — en-do-the*li-o-myx-o'ma, 
malignant myxoma of endothelial origin.— en- 
do-thedi-o-rhab’do-my-o'ma, malignant rhabdo¬ 
myoma of endothelial origin. — en-do-the’li-o- 
tox'in = ENDOTHELioLYSiN.— cn-do-the'li um*, 
the membrane which lines the serous and other 
closed cavities of the body. It is made up of a 
layer of thin, flat cells which are in nature modi¬ 
fied connective=tissue elements.— en-do-ther'mic 
compound, a compound whose formation is 
attended with absorption of heat.— en-do-tho- 
rac'ic, situated within the chest.— en'do-tome, 
an instrument for decapitating the foetus.— en- 
do'to-scope, an endoscope for the ear.— en-do- 
tox'in, a toxin found within an organism, as within 
a Bacte'rium. — en’do-tra-che-i'tis, inflammation 
of the mucosa of the trachea.— en*do-tra-che-li'tis 
= ENDOCERViciTis.— en-do-tur'bi-nal, the middle 
TURBINATED BONE.— en*do=u-te-ri'tis = endome¬ 
tritis. — en'do-vas-cu-li'tis, inflammation of the 
inner coat of a blood=vessel.— en-do-ve'nous = 

INTRAVENOUS. 

en-do-car'di ac, en-do-car'di al. i. Within the heart. 
2. Relating to the endocardium*. E. murmur, 
a heartsmurmur produced within the cavity of 
the heart. E. pressure, pressure of the blood 
within the heart. 

en-do-car-di'tis. Inflammation of the lining mem¬ 
brane of the heart. It may be either acute or 
chronic. It generally occurs in association with 
acute rheumatism; less frequently with other 
acute specific febrile diseases, such as scarlet 
fever, erysipelas, etc., and its most common 
cause is the circulation of micro-organisms in 
the blood. The physical signs of acute endocar¬ 
ditis are increased extent and frequency of the 
visible and palpable impulse, and peculiar mur¬ 
murs and variations of the cardiac sounds. E. 
fibro'sa, endocarditis with the formation of a 
dense, fibrous cicatricial tissue, which may some¬ 
times lead to valvular disease. Ulcerative, diph¬ 


theritic, infectious, malignant, mycotic, or septic 

e., a form of endocarditis caused by septic poi¬ 
soning. The inflammation becomes destructive, 
producing ulceration and erosion of the valves, 
sometimes followed by capillary embolism caus¬ 
ing arterial pyaemia. It is attended with con¬ 
stitutional symptoms of a pyaemic character, 
and is rapidly fatal. E. verruco'sa, endocarditis 
characterized by the formation of wart-like 
thrombi, which may develop into nodular, pol¬ 
ypous, or villous accretions. t®°“do-car-dit'ic. 
en-do-car'di um*. The lining membrane of the 
cavities and valves of the heart. [L., fr. evdov 
within + KapSia heart.] 

en-do-me-tri'tis. Inflammation of the inner lining 
membrane of the body of the uterus. It is 
distinguished anatomically, as acute, where all 
the component parts of the endometrium are 
affected, or chronic, which may affect especially 
the glands or the stroma. The clinical terms 
distinguishing it, as Catarrhal, Croupous, Diph¬ 
theritic, Fungous or Hemorrhagic, Gangrenous, 
and Purulent, according to the character of the 
inflammation; as Cervical and Corporeal, accord^ 
ing as it is the cervical portion or the body of 
the uterus that is affected; and as Gonorrhoeal, 
Septic, Syphilitic, etc., according to its origin; 
are not accurate. Decidual e., inflammation of 
the decidual membrane of pregnancy. E. dis'se- 
cans, a form of endometritis in which the lesions 
tend to form large and deep ulcers, 
en-do-me'tri um. The mucous membrane lining 
the cavity of the uterus. [ < evdov within -|- 
fi.r]Tpa uterus.] tc^“do-me-trec'to-my, removal 
of the uterine mucosa. en-do-me'tri al. 
end'splate, end=to=end' implantation. ^ End. 
en'dy-ma. = Ependyma. [< evSvpa garment.] 
ten'dy-mal. 

-ene. A suffix generally indicating a bivalent hy¬ 
drocarbon radical, as ethylene, CjH^; phenylene, 
CgH.,; methylene, CH.,-, etc.: exceptions are naph¬ 
thalene, terpene, anthracene, etc. 
en-e-che'ma. = Tinnitus aurium. [< ev in-b 
VXVp(^ sound.] 

e-ne'ci a. A continued fever. [ < rjveKrjg contin¬ 
uous.] 

en-e-lec-trol'y-sis. Removal of superfluous hair by 
passing an electric needle into the follicle after 
pulling out the hair: said to be more expeditious 
and less disfiguring than the ordinary method, 
en'e-ma. A medicine or injection thrown into the 
rectum; a cly.ster. [< evievai to inject.] 
en-ep-i-der'mic. Denoting the application of med¬ 
icines, as plasters, blisters, etc., to the skin. 
ts- Endermic. [<fP on -t- L. epider'mis cuticle.] 
en'er-gid. The cell-nucleus and the cytoplasm 
lying within its sphere of influence. G.'oy.] 
cn'eT-gy. Power to operate; ability to effect physi¬ 
cal changes and overcome resistance. Conserva¬ 
tion of e., the fact that no energy is lost or created 
in the conversion of one form of energy into an¬ 
other. Kinetic e., energy of matter in motion. 
Potential e. or E. of position, energy of matter at 
rest, Calorie; WATT. [<£Pep 7 £Zv to be active.] 
en-er-va'tion. i. Weakness; languor; lack of nerve- 
stimulus. 2. Removal of a portion of a nerve. 
[< L. enerva're to weaken, to take out a nerve.] 
ten'er-vat-ing. 

en'e-sol. A white amorphous salt containing me*- 
cury (38.46%) and arsenic (14.4%); mercury sali- 
cylarsenate: used in syphilis. Hypodermic dose, 
I to 2 Cc. (15 to 30 mins.) of a 3% solution. 


ENFLEURAGE 


311 


ENTERO- 


enfleurage (on-fle-razh). Extraction of perfumes 
or volatile oils by means of fatty solvents. [F.] 
en-gage'ment. The descent of the presenting part 
of the foetus into the pelvis, 
en-gas'tri us. A double monstrosity in which one 
foetus is contained within the abdominal cavity 
of the other. Epigastrius. [ < in + yaaTyp 
belly.] 

en-gei-so'ma. A fracture of the skull in which a 
fragment passes beneath the sound part of the 
bone and compresses the brain. [ < fv in +y£iaov 
cornice.] 

En'gle-mann’s disk. =Hensen’s disk. 

Eng'lish cholera. Cholera morbus. E. diabetes, 
diabetes mellitus. E. disease, rickets. E. plas¬ 
ter, court ^piaster. E. position — obstetric posi¬ 
tion. E. rhinoplasty, ^ rhinoplasty. E. sweat¬ 
ing fever = ANGLicus sudor. 
en-gom-pho'sis. = Gomphosis*. 
en-gorge'ment. A state of vascular congestion. 
[< F. engorger to choke up.] fen-gorged', as E. 
papilla = cnov^'EXi disk. 
en-lar'ger. = Amplifier. 
en-ne-no'ic acid. = Nonylenic acid. 
en-no'ic acid. = Nonylic acid. 
ennui (oh-ntii). Weariness; languor of mind from 
the lack of occupation. [F.] 

-enol. A suffix indicating an unsaturated alcohol, 
thus CHgrCHOH is ethenol. Pharm. Rev. ’o6.] 
e-no-ma'ni a. = CEnomania. 

en-oph-thal'mus. Retraction of the eyes into the 
orbit. ^ Exophthalmus. [< £p in + b(l>da?i/j. 6 ^ 
eye.] 

en-or-chis'mus. = Cryptorchidism. 
en-os-i-ma'ni a. Insanity or monomania marked 
by extreme dread and terror, as when one im¬ 
agines that he has committed unpardonable 
offences. [< evoaig quaking + pav'ia madness.] 
en-os-to'sis. A tumor occurring in the medullary 
canal of a bone, or inside the cranium. [< fv in 
-f bareov bone.] 

ens. An old chemical term denoting a substance 
supposed to contain in a small compass all the 
virtues of the ingredients from which it is ex¬ 
tracted. E. mar'tis, an old name for ammoniated 
iron. E. pri'mum, the “ primal essence,” a name 
given by the alchemists to a tincture which they 
supposed to have the power of transmuting baser 
metals into gold. E. ven'eris, the ancient desig¬ 
nation of ammonium chloride 
and copper. [ L., pres. part, of 
esse to be.] 

en'si-form. Like a sword; sword* 
shaped, as a leaf; xiphoid. E- 
appendix, cartilage, or process, 
the extremity of the sternum, 
usually cartilaginous, but some¬ 
times ossified; processus xiphoi- 
deus*. [< L. en'sis sword + 
for'ma form.] 

en-si-ster'num. The ensiform car¬ 
tilage. [< L. en'sis sword + 
sternum.] fen-si-ster'nal. 
en-som'pha-lus. A double mon¬ 
strosity with separate navels 
and umbilical cords, but having 
bodies united at some part. [<, £V in + oufia 
body + b/LtcpaXog navel.] 

en'stro-phe. Inversion, especially of the margin of 
the eyelids. [< ev in -F arpecpeiv to turn.] 
ent-a-cou'stic sensations. Subjective sensations 
occurring within the ear. 



Ensiform 

Leaves. 


en'tad. Inward; toward the centre; on the inward 
side: opposed to ectad. [< kvrog within.] 
Enta'da scan'dens. ^Mackay bean. 
en'tal. Inward; central; placed toward the centre, 
ent-am-ni-ot'ic. Situated within the amnion. 
Entamce'ba col'i. =Amcebacoli. E. dysente'riae, 
the cause of one variety of dysentery, capable of 
being distinguished morphologically from E. co'li. 
ent-an-ky-lo-bleph'a-ron. Adhesion of the eyelid to 
the surface of the eyeball, 
ent-ar-throt'ic. Intra*articular. 
en-ta'si a, en'ta-sis. A generic name for spasmodic 
muscular action, including trismus, tetanus, etc. 
[< violent straining.] fen-tat'ic. i. Caus¬ 

ing entasia or spasm. 2. Aphrodisiac. 
en*te-rad-e-nol'o-gy. The science of the intestinal 
glands. 

en-te-rae'mi a. Congestion of the internal organs, 
or of the bowels. 

en-te-rag'ra. Gout in the intestines, 
en-te-ral'gi a, en-te-ral'gy. Colic; nervous pain in 
the bowels; abdominal neuralgia, 
en-te-rec'ta-sis. Dilatation of the intestines, 
en-te-rec'to-my. The excision of a part of the 
intestine. 

en-te-rel-co'sis. = Enterhelcosis. 
en-te-rem-phrax'is. Obstnrction of the intestine, 
en-te-re-pip'lo-cele. Enterocele combined with epip- 
locele. 

en-te-rep*i-plom-phal'o-cele. Hernia of the umbili¬ 
cus with omental and intestinal protrusion, 
en-ter-hel-co'sis. Ulceration of the intestines, 
en-ter'ic. Belonging to the intestines. E. fever, 
typhoid fever. E. glands, the crypts of Lieber- 
kiihn. E. pill, a pill coated with salol, keratin, 
etc., insoluble in the acid gastric contents but 
readily so in the alkaline intestinal fluids, 
en-ter'i-cin. A stable body of indefinite composi¬ 
tion derived from Monso'nia biflo'ra: used in ty¬ 
phoid fever. Dose, 4 Gm. (60 grs.). L. ij. ’09.] 
en-te-ri'num. =Opoenterinum. 
en-te-ris'chi-o-cele. Intestinal ischiatic hernia, 
en-te-ri'tis. Inflammation of the bowels. The mu¬ 
cous membrane is spotted, reddish, and swol¬ 
len and the epithelium cast off, leading some¬ 
times to catarrhal ulcers. According to the seat 
of the disease, it is specifically known as colitis, 
DUODENITIS, ileitis, PROCTITIS, Or TYPHLITIS, 
and when combined with gastritis, as gastro* 
ENTERITIS. E. cys'tica polypo'sa, enteritis com¬ 
bined with the retention of the secretion in Lieb- 
erkiihn’s glands. Diphtheritic e., diphtheritic 
inflammation of the intestine. E. flagella'ta, a 
common tropical form from Lam'hlia infection. 
Follicular e., chronic enteritis with gradual pig¬ 
mentation of the follicles, which may become 
ulcerative. E. infecti'va, any infectious enteritis, 
especially cholera nostros. E. lepro'sa, a muco* 
enteritis due to leprous infiltration. Mucous or 
mucomembranous e.=Muco*ENTERiTis. Phleg¬ 
monous e., i^PHLEGMONous. E. polypo'sa, ente¬ 
ritis marked by circumscribed proliferation of the 
mucous membrane in the form of papillary 
ulcers. Pseudomembranouse., ts- pseudomembra¬ 
nous. [< fprepop intestine -f -iTis.] fen-te-rit'ic. 
en'te-ro-. Relating to the intestine, especially the 
small intestine: a combining form. [< evrepov 
intestine.] enffe-rosa-nas-to-mo'sis, the opera¬ 
tion of forming a communication between two 
parts of the intestine or between the two portions 
of a divided intestine.— en-te-ro-bro'sis, -bro'si a, 
perforation of the intestinal wall.— en'te-ro-cele. 






ENTERO- 


312 


ENTERO- 


nemia in which a portion of intestine is pro¬ 
truded. Richter’s hernia. — en'te-ro-cen- 
te'sis, surgical puncture of the intestine: princi¬ 
pally employed to relieve severe tympanites. — 
en’te-ro-chi-rur'gi a, surgery of the intestine.— 
en*te-ro-chol‘e-cys-tos'to-my = cholecystente- 
ROSTOMY. — en‘te-ro-cho*le-cys-tot'o-my, incision 
of the intestine and gallbladder.— en-te-ro-clei'- 
sis, occlusion of the intestinal canal.— en-te-roc'- 
ly-sis. I . The injection of nutrient liquid into the 
intestine. 2. The administration of an enema, 
as in cholera. c^Cantani’s treatment, fen*- 
te-ro-cly-seur', an apparatus for performing en- 
teroclysis. en'te-ro-clysm, a rectal enema.— en- 
te-ro-coc'cus, a variety of Streptococ'cus found in 
certain cases of dysentery.— en'te-ro-ccele, the 
abdominal cavity. t®n-te-ro-coeTi ac. — ende- 
ro-co-li'tis, inflammation of the small intestine 
and the colon.— en’te-ro-co-los'to-my, the surgi¬ 
cal formation of an opening between the small 
intestine and the colon.— ende-ro-co-ni-o'sis, any 
intestinal disorder due to dust.— en'te-ro-cyst, an 
intestinal cyst.— en-te-ro-cysdo-cele, hernia in 
which a part of the intestine and a part of the 
bladder protrude.— ende-ro-cys-to'ma, a con¬ 
genital cyst in the abdominal cavity, formed by 
segmentation or irregular development of the in¬ 
testine.— en*te-ro-di-al'y-sis, complete division 
of the intestine by a wound.— en-te-ro-dyn'i a, 
pain in the intestine; colic. — ende-rosen-te- 
ros'to-my, the surgical formation of an opening 
between two parts of the intestine, not normally 
connected.— ende-ro=e-pip'lo-cele, hernia of the 
intestine and omentum. — ende-ro-gas-tri'tis, 
conjoined enteritis and gastritis; gastro^enteritis. 

— en-te-ro-gas'tro-cele. t. An abdominal her¬ 
nia. 2. A hernia containing portions of both 
the intestine and the stomach. — ende-ro-ge- 
net'ic, en-te-rog'e-nous, originating in the intes¬ 
tine, as E. peptonuria, ^peptonuria. — en-te- 
rog'ra-phy, a description of the intestines.— en- 
te-ro-hsBm'a-tin, a substance found in the diges¬ 
tive organs of various invertebrate animals.— 
ende-ro-hel-co'sis = enterhelcosis. — en-te-ro- 
hem'or-rhage, hemorrhage in the intestines.— 
ende-ro-hep-a-ti'tis, inflammation of the intestine 
and liver.— en-te-ro-hy'dro-cele, ordinary hernia 
complicated with hydrocele.— en-te-rosis'chi-o- 
cele = ENTERiscHiocELE. — en-te-ro-ki'nase, an 
enzyme derived from the intestinal epithelium, 
discovered by Pavlof. It transforms trypsinogen 
into trypsin, thus activating an inactive fer¬ 
ment.— en'te-ro-lite, -lith, any kind of concre¬ 
tion formed in the stomach and bowels; a be- 
zoar; an intestinal calculus. c^.iEGAGROPiLUs; 
calculus; trichobezoar. t®ii‘te-ro-li-thi'a-sis, 
the formation of intestinal concretions.— en-te- 
rol'o-gy, that branch of science which treats of 
the intestines.— ende-ro-ma-la'ci a, a softening of 
the intestine.— en-te-ro-me'ni a, vicarious men- 
stination by the bowels.— en'te-ro-mere, one of 
the segments of the embryonic alimentary canal. 

— en-te-ro-me'ro-cele, femoral hernia containing 
intestine.— ende-ro-mes-en-ter'ic fever, enteric or 
typhoid fever. — en-te-rom'e-ter, an instrument 
for measuring the lumen of the small intestine. 

— en-te-rom'pha-lus, en-te-rom-phal'o-cele, um¬ 
bilical intestinal hernia. — ende-ro-my-co-der- 
midis, inflammation of the mucous membrane of 
the intestine.— en-te-ro-my-co'sis, intestinal my¬ 
cosis.— ende-ro-my-i'a-sis, intestinal myiasis.— 
en'te-ron, the intestine, or alimentary canal.— 


en-te-ron'cus, a tumor of the intestine.— en-te- 
ro-neu'ria, intestinal disease of nervous origin.— 
ende-ro-pa-ral'y-sis, paralysis of the intestine.— 
en-te-ro-par'e-sis, a partial paralysis of the intes¬ 
tinal tract.— en-te-rop'a-thy, any disease of the 
bowels.— ende-ro-pe-ris'to-le. i. Constriction or 
obstruction of the intestine. 2. Intestinal peri¬ 
stalsis.— ende-ro-per-i-to-ni'tis, inflammation of 
the peritoneal coat of the intestine.— en-te-ro- 
pex'i a, en'te-ro-pex-y, fixation of a portion of the 
intestine to the abdominal wall.— en-te-roph'thi- 
sis, intestinal phthisis.— en'te-ro-plas-ty, plastic 
surgery of any kind upon the intestine.— en-te- 
ro-ple'gi a, paralysis of the intestine.— en'te-ro- 
plex, an apparatus for approximating the divided 
ends of the intestine, consisting of two rings in¬ 
serted one into each end of the divided intestine 
and then fitted the one into the other. i^Murphy's 
BUTTON. — en'te-ro-plex-y, the restoration of a 
solution of continuity of the intestine by bringing 
the intestinal walls into apposition and holding 
them in place by some means other than su¬ 
ture.— ende-ro-pneu-ma-to'sis, the presence of 
an excessive amount of gas in the intestinaT' 
canal. — en-te-ro-procdi a, the existence or for¬ 
mation of an artificial anus. — en-te-rop-to'sis, 
prolapse of the intestines, as a result of severe 
exertions, atony of the intestines and their liga¬ 
ments, typhus, dysentery, etc.; splanchnoptosis. 

— en-te-ror-rha'gi a, intestinal hemorrhage. — 
en-te-ror'rha-phy, the stitching or sewing up of a 
rent in the intestine. Circular e. is the sewing 
together of two completely divided portions of 
intestine by invaginating one portion over the 
other and stitching all round, or otherwise join¬ 
ing them end to end.— en-te-ror-rhoe'a, undue 
increase in the mucous secretion of the intestines. 

— en-te-ro-sar'co-cele, a tumor formed of a sarco- 
cele conjoined with an intestinal hernia.— en-te- 
ros'che-o-cele, scrotal hernia of the intestine.— 
en'te-ro-scope, an endoscope used in examining 
the interior of the intestinal canal.— en-te-ro- 
sep'sis, intestinal sepsis from putrefaction of the 
contents of the intestine.— en-te-ro'sis, any in¬ 
testinal disease. — en-te-ro-spas'mus, en'te-ro- 
spasm, colic spasm of the intestines with irrita¬ 
bility of the abdominal muscles. 

’07.] — en*te-ro-ste-no'sis, stricture of the intes¬ 
tine.— en-te-ros'to-my, formation, by a cutting 
operation, of a permanent opening through the 
walls of the abdomen into the intestine.— en-te- 
ro-syph'i-lis, syphilitic disease of the intestine — 
en‘te-ro-ter-a-to'ma, a congenital tumor of the 
umbilicus, containing the remains of the omphalic 
duct.— en'te-ro-tome, a kind of scissors for cut¬ 
ting the bowel in anatomical or post-mortem 
studies, Dupuytren’s enterotome. — en-te- 
rot'o-my, any cutting operation on the intestines. 
i^Colotomy; gastrotomy ; laparotomy ; typh¬ 
lotomy. E.stube, a tube used to prevent pro¬ 
trusion of the gut in the formation of an artificial 
anus.— en‘te-ro-tox-is'mus, the morbid condition 
produced by the absorption of toxic substances 
from the gastro-enteric tract which are pro¬ 
duced therein by the disintegration of foodstuffs 
through the perverted or prolonged action of 
enzymes or the activity of entophytes. A. M. 
Aug. 19, ’05.] — en-te-ro-ty'phus = TYPHOID fe¬ 
ver.— en-te-ro-vag'i-nal fistula, a fistulous open¬ 
ing between the vagina and the small intestine. 

— en-te-ro-zo' 5 n, an animal parasite living in the 
intestines. 


ENTERURIA 


ENTRAILS 


en-te-ru'ri a. Metastasis of the urine to the in¬ 
testines. [ < h>repov intestine -f ovpnv urine.] 
en-thel-nun'tha. A general term for intestinal 
worms, Helminthiasis. [< frrdf within -}- 
eXfiLvq worm.] 

en-the-o-ma'ni a. Religious mania. [< in¬ 

spired + pav'ia madness.] 

en-thet'ic. Introduced from outside: applied to 
diseases due to a morbific virus implanted in 
the system, as syphilis, leprosy, etc. 
en'thla-sis. A comminuted cranial fracture with 
depressed fragments. [< hdAav to indent.] 
en-thys-te-ro-phy'ma. A tumor in the cavity of 
the uterus. [ < frrdf within -f varepa womb -f 
(pvpa growth.] 

en'tine. In bacteriology, smooth, having a margin 
destitute of teeth or notches, 
en-ti'ris. The innermost and pigmentary layer of 
the iris; the uvea. 

en'ti-ty. A being or existence; a reality, 
en'to-. Denoting within, inside, internal; endo- : a 
combining form. [< within.] en-to-bai'- 

nant nerves, the sensory nerves.— en'to-blast. 
I. A celbnucleolus. 2. One of the segmenta- 
tional spheres whence the endodermal cells arise. 
3. = Entoderm. — en-tob-li'quus, the internal 

oblique muscle of the abdomen.— en*to-ca-rot'- 
id, the internal carotid artery.— en'to-cele. i. 
An internal hernia. 2. A displacement. E. 
len'tis, displacement of the crystalline lens into 
the anterior chamber of the aqueous humor.— 
en-to-ce'li an = entocceli an. — endo-cho-roi'de a, 
en*to-cho-ri-oi'de a, the internal layer of the 
choroid coat of the eye; membrana choriocapil- 
laris; membrana ruyschiana; membrana hovii. 
— en*to-ci-ne're a, the internal gray matter of 
the brain and cord.— en-to-coe'li an, situated in a 
ventricle of the brain.— en-to-con'dyle, an in¬ 
ternal condyle.— en-to-cor'ne a = Descemet’s 
MEMBRANE. — en-to-cra'ni al, within the cranium, 
en-to-cu'ne-i-form bone, the internal cuneiform 
bone of the tarsus.— en'to-cyte, the contents of a 
cell.— en'to-derm, the innermost layer of the 
blastoderm, Hypoblast. — en-to=ec'tad, from 

within outward.— en-to-gas'tric, pertaining to 
the interior of the stomach.— en*to-gas-troc- 
ne'mius,the inner segment of the gastrocnemius.— 
en-tog'e-nous = endogenous. — en'to-glu-tae'us, 
the glutaeus minimus muscle.— en‘to-go-ny-an'- 
con, knocksknee; genu valgum.— en-to-ju'gu-lar 
vein, the internal jugular vein.— en-to-lamb'doid 
fissure = ADOcciPiTAL FISSURE. — en'to-mere, one 
of the inner and lesser blastomeres originally 
formed by the segmentation of the impregnated 
ovum.— en-to-par'a-site, an animal or plant liv¬ 
ing as a parasite within another animal or plant.— 
en*to-pec-to-ra'lis, the pectorahs minor muscle.— 
en‘to-pe-riph'e-ral, situated within the periphery 
of the body: said of feelings caused by internal 
stimuli.— en-toph-thal'mi a, inflammation of the 
inner parts of the eye.— en'to-phyte, a para¬ 
sitic plant which grows in the interior of the 
body, especially in the intestines. i^Entozoon; 
EPIPHYTE. — en'to-plasm = endoplasm. — en-to- 
plas'tic cells, cells in which metamorphosis takes 
place in the substance of the cell, Ectoplas- 
Tic cells. — en*to-pop-li-te'al, situated; on the 
inner side of the popliteal space.— en-to-pter'y- 
goid. I. The internal pterygoid process of the 
sphenoid bone. 2. The internal pterygoid muscle. 
— en-top'tic, relating to the sight of objects within 
the eye itself, as E. phenomena, visual perceptions 


dependent on the eyeball itself and not on external 
objects: and E. pulse, pulsation of the arteries 
of the retina seen either ophthalmoscopically or 
subjectively, fen-top'tics, the science of entoptic 
phenomena.— en-top-tos'co-py, the observation 
of the interior of the eye and of intra*ocular 
shadows and objects.— en-tor'bi-tal, pertaining 
to the inner part of the orbital lobe or the 
orbital fissure of the brain, as E. fissure, an 
occasional fissure between the orbital and olfac¬ 
tory fissures.— en-to-rec'to-my = enterectom y. 
— en-to-ret'i-na, the internal portion of the 
retina, consisting of five layers, distinguished as 
the outer molecular, inner nuclear, inner molecu¬ 
lar, ganglionic, and nervesfibre layers, defined 
internally by the inner limiting membrane; ner¬ 
vous layer of Henle; lamina vasculosa retinae.— 
en-to-sphe'noid = entocuneiform. — en-tos-to'- 
sis, a growth or tumor projecting into the 
medullary canal of a bone.— en-tot'ri-ceps, the 
internal head of the triceps muscle of the arm.— 
en-to-tym-pan'ic, situated withm the tympanum. 



The Larger Entozoa. — Natural Size. A. Ascaris lum- 
bricoides. B. Fragments of Taenia saginata. i. Head. 
2. Neck. 3. Near neck. 4. Near centre. 5. Old seg¬ 
ments from end. C. Uncinaria americana. cf Male. 
9 Female. D. Trichiuris trichiura. E. Oxyuris ver- 
micularis. cf Male. 9 Female. (Redrawn from Em¬ 
erson.) 

— en-to-zo'bn, pi. entozo'a, an animal that lives 
within another: especially an internal parasite, as 
Tee'nia so'lium (the ordinary tapeworm), As'caris 
lumhricui'des, As'caris vermicula'ris (or thread* 
worm), Dis'toma hepai'icum, and Trichi'na. 

t^^EcTOZOON; ENTHELMINTHA ; ENTOPHYTE. 

en'tome. An instrument for dividing a urethral 
.stricture. [< in + ropii cut.] 
en-to-mi'a-sis. Disease due to parasitic insects. 
[< evTopov insect.] 

en-to'mi on. The point where the anterior exten¬ 
sion of the mastoid angle of the parietal bone 
fits into the parietal notch of the temporal. [ < 
evTopi] notch.] 
en-tom'o-lin. = Ch iti n . 
en-to-mo'sis. =Entomiasis. 
en-to'ni a. Tension; tonic spasm, fen-ton'ic. 
en-tot'ic. Relating to the internal ear. E. phe¬ 
nomena or sensations, sensations of sound due to 
abnormality of the auditory apparatus, 
ent-o-tor-rhoe'a. Internal otorrhoea. [< kvrdq 
within -f- ovg ear -I- po'ia flow.] 
en'trails. The viscera enclosed in the splanchnic 
cavities, especially those in the abdomen. [< 
Ivrepov intestine.] 












ENTROPION 


314 


EPHEBIA 


en-tro'pion, -pium. A disease in which the eye¬ 
lashes and the eyelid are turned toward the 
eyeball; usually associated with trichiasis, 
Ectropion. Organic e., entropion due to some 
organic defect, as shortening of the tarsus, cica¬ 
tricial contraction, etc. Spastic or muscular e., 
entropion due to contraction of the ciliary por¬ 
tion of the orbicular muscle. [ < in + Tpeirecv 
to turn.] fen-tro'pi-on-ize. 
e-nu-cle-a'tion. i. The operation of removing a 
tumor or an organ (especially the eyeball) from 
its enveloping membranes. 2. Exarticulation in 
the joints of the fingers and toes. [< L. e out 
of -f nu'cleus kernel.] fe-nu'cle-ate, to remove, 
as a tumor, from the substance in which it is 
embedded, like a kernel from its shell, e-nu'cle- 
a-tor, an instrument for performing enucleation, 
en-u-re'sis. Incontinence of urine, ts- Dysuria. 
E. diur'na, inability to hold the urine during the 
day. E. noctur'na, incontinence of urine occur¬ 
ring only during sleep, especially in children 
before puberty. E. spas'tica, abnormally fre¬ 
quent need of urination combined with cysto- 
spasm. [< evovpeiv to be incontinent of urine.] 
envelope (^n-vd'up or en'v^-lop). A covering; a 
wrapper; a meninx, or covering membrane, 
en-vi'ron-ment. The collective influences acting 
externally upon any organism; the surroundings, 
en-zo-ot'ic. i. Prevailing among animals in any 
special section of country: a term corresponding 
to ENDEMIC. 2. A disease which prevails stead¬ 
ily among the lower animals of any. special 
region. [< in -f ^(pov animal.] 
en'zyme. A ferment; a substance showing proteid* 
like reactions, easily destroyed by moderate heat, 
originating from living cells either directly or 
through the intermediate stage of a pro=enzyme 
(zymogen), and showing a metabolic (usually cat¬ 
abolic) activity in converting a specific substance 
or substances into certain other products in a 
manner and to an extent independent (within 
wide limits) of the amount of enzyme present 
and without being itself used up in the process. 
As enzymes are easily precipitated together with 
proteids and are capable of a certain amount of 
purification with resulting diminution of proteid 
reactions it is supposed by many that an enzyme 
is not a substance but a condition or quality, a 
force or potentiality given to proteids under cer¬ 
tain circumstances. Another view is that it is an 
active protoplasmic unit, a “ living molecule,” 
the simplest manifestation of life. Its action 
has been supposed to be either catalytic, or as a 
chemical ‘‘ carrier,” or as an acceleration of ionic 
dissociation, and many enzyme=reactions have 
been found to occur also spontaneously but much 
more slowly; many have also been shown to be 
reversible, resembling mass=actions. Enzymes 
are extracellular, as the soluble invertin of yeast; 
or intracellular, as the yeast ferment which 
continues the decomposition to the produc¬ 
tion of alcohol; they are oxidizing, as some found 
in plant juices, or hydrolytic, as the proteolytic, 
amylolytic, lipolytic, sugar*inverting, and many 
other enzymes. The term ferment is sometimes 
restricted to the organized ferments, like yeast, 
etc. [< £R in + leaven.] fen-zyrn'ic, as 

E. action = enzymosis. 

en'zy-mol. A proprietary solvent and digestant 
prepared from the glands of the stomach. 
«n-zy-mo'sis. The fermentation produced by an 
enzyme. 


e-on'o-sus, e-op'a-thy. Morning sickness. 

dawn + voaog disease; TvdOog suffering.] 
e'o-sin. A rose^red plasma=stain, C2oHgK^Br405, 
much used for tissues. Yellowish varieties have 
only one or two Br atoms in the molecule. Cor¬ 
responding alkyl ethers are known as Alcoholic e. 
[< Tjcjg dawn.] 

e'o-sin-ate of methylene blue. A double stain for 
bloodscorpuscles: difficult to prepare but more 
convenient to use than Ehrlich’s triple stain. 
Of the many modifications of the original Roma- 
nowski stain, those of Nocht, Jenner, Wright, and 
Hastings have been most used, 
e-o-sin'o-phile. i. Readily stained by eosin: ap¬ 
plied to histological elements. 2. A histological 
element so characterized, especially a white blood* 
cell having large, round E. granules in its proto¬ 
plasm. [< Eosin -f (pilelv to love.] fe-o-sin- 
oph'i-lous. 

e-o-sin-o-phil'i a. i. Increase of the eosinophile 
cells in the blood. The term should be limited 
to cases in which the absolute number of the^ 
cells exceeds 250 per cubic millimetre. It occurs 
in leukaemia, ankylo-stomiasis, trichiniasis, etc. 
2. The condition of bacteria or histological ele¬ 
ments in which they are readily stained by eosin. 
e-pac'tal. Supernumerary. E. bone or ossicle, a 
supernumerary sutural bone occasionally replac¬ 
ing the summit of the occipital bone. E. carti¬ 
lages, small nodules of cartilage on the upper 
edge of the alar cartilages of the nose. [ < erraK - 
rdg brought in.] 

ep-a-gog-i-i'tis. Inflammation of the prepuce. [< 
kizayuyLov prepuce.] 

ep-a-go'gi-o-lith. A preputial calculus. [ < errayu - 
yiov prepuce + Xidog stone.] 
ep-an'e-sis. An abatement; a period of remission 
in a disease. [ < eirdveaig .] 
ep-a-ne'tus. Remittent fever, including the mild 
form, the malignant form, and hectic fever. [ < 
cTzavievai to relax, to remit.] 
ep-a-poph'y-sis. A process of bone extending dorsad 
from the centrum of a vertebra. [ < erri upon -H 
APOPHYSIS.] 

ep-ar-sal'gi a. Any disease due to overstrain of a 
part, as hernia, hemoptysis, etc. [< ervaipeiv 
to lift + aAyof pain.] 

ep-ar-te'ri al. Situated above an artery. E. bron¬ 
chus, the first division of the right bronchus in 
man: given off from the main trunk above the 
point where the pulmonary artery crosses it. 
ep -ax'ial. Situated upon or above the axis; said 
of certain muscles and other parts which are 
situated dorsad to the vertebral arches. E. 
arches, the neural arches. E. cartilages, the car¬ 
tilaginous masses which develop into the verte¬ 
bral arches. [< kni upon -I- axis.] 
ep-en-ce-phal'ic. i. Situated on or over the con¬ 
tents of the head or brain; neuroccipital. 2. 
Relating to the epencephalon. [< kiri upon -H 
kyKe ( j)alog brain.] 

ep-en-ceph'a-lon. =Metencephalon, def. i. 
e-pen'dy-ma. The lining membrane of the ventri¬ 
cles of the brain and of the central canal of the 
spinal axis. E. follic'uli = membrana granu¬ 
losa. [< sTTevdvetv to clothe upon, to cover.] 
te-pen'dy-mal. e-pen-dy-mi'tis, inflammation of 
the ependyma. 

e-phe'bi a. The time of the attainment of puberty. 
[ < k(j) 7 /^eia, fr. erri upon, at rjjSTj puberty.] t®ph- 
e'bic. eph-e-bol'o-gy, the science or study of 
puberty. 


EPHEDRA 


315 


EPIDERMATOID 


Eph'edra. A genus of jointsfirs (gentianaceous 
plants). E. andi'na, of South America, has 
diuretic properties, and is valued in vesical 
diseases. E. antisyphilit'ica, of the Southwest¬ 
ern United States, is said to be useful in 
venereal disease. E. vulga'ris furnishes the alka¬ 
loid eph'e-drine, the hydrochloride of which is 
mydriatic, Pseudo=ephedrine. E.monosta'- 
chya is used in Siberia as a remedy in gout and 
syphilis. [< £ 7 rt upon-f edpa seat.] 
e-phe'lis, pi. ephel'ides. A freckle. [< eir'i upon-l- 
r/Aiog sun.] 

e-phem'e-ral. Transient; of short duration. ^ 
Synochus. E. fever = febricula. [< fTrf in, 
ioT+ fie pa day.] 

eph' e-sis. A desire, especially a sexual desire, 
eph-i-al'tes. Nightmare or incubus. [ < e(j)d?i 2 ,eadai 
to leap upon.] 

eph-i-dro'sis. Excessive perspiration; hyperidro- 
sis. E. unilatera'lis, perspiration on one side of 
the body only, usually as the result of hemi¬ 
plegia. [< ETTi intensive -f- ISpovv to sweat.] 
e-phip'pi al angle. The sphenoidal angle of Welcker. 
e-phip'pion,-pium. =Sella turcica. [< Gr., 
“ saddle-cloth.”] 

ep'i-. A Greek preposition signifying 


upon,” “over,” “at,” “by,” “for,” 


on or 
" after.” 

It is sometimes intensive. The final i is gener¬ 
ally dropped before a word beginning with a 
vowel or with h: as, epencephalic for epience- 
phalic; ephidrosis for epihidrosis, etc. 
e'pian. =Frambcesia. 

ep'i-blast. The ectoderm, or outermost layer of 
the blastoderm. From it are developed the 
nervous system, portions of the organs of special 
sense, and the tissues of the epidermis: therefore 
it is sometimes called neuro-epidermal layer. 
[< £7rf upon-f/J/lacrrdf germ.] fep-i-blas'tic, as 
E. tumors, tumors of a tissue derived from the 
epiblast. 

ep-i-bleph'a-ron. =Epicanthus. 
e-pib'o-ly, e-pib'o-le. A process by which the 
hypoblast becomes enclosed in an overgrowth of 
cells from the epiblast. [< etci upon-I- 
to throw. ] t®P-i“bol'ic. 

ep-i-bran'chi al segment. ^ Stylohyoid arch. 
ep-i-bul'bar. Situated upon the eyeball, 
ep-i-can'thus. A fold of the skin covering the inner 
canthus. [< ETzi upon +Kavd 6 q canthus.] 
ep-i-car'di um*. The innermost or cardiac layer of 
the pericardium. [<e7rt upon -f/capdfa heart.] 
fep-i-car'di al, as E. node, a node sometimes seen 
over the vessels of the epicardium: probably due 
to high pressure. 

ep-i-car'in. Oxynaphthylortho-oxytoluylic acid, a 
condensation-product of cresolinic acid and beta- 
naphthol: used as an antiseptic and parasiticide, 
in s to 20% ointments and alcoholic solutions, 
ep-i-cer'e-bral. Lying upon or over the cerebrum. 
E. spaces, spaces between the deep surface of the 
pia mater and the cerebral substance, 
ep-i-cho'ri on. i. = Epidermis. 2. The decidua 
reflexa. [< upon+x<^piov chorion.] fep-i" 
cho'ri al, as E. decidua = nBCWU a reflexa. 
ep-i-chro'sis. A macular or spotted state of the 
skin, or a simple discoloration of its surface. [< 
ETTt upon-f to paint.] 

ep-i-coe'li a, ep'i-coe-le. The fourth ventricle of the 
brain. [ < ett'i upon -f- Koi?.ia belly, ventricle.] 
ep-i-coe'lom. The extension of the coelom within 
the somite; the cavity within the primary type 
of protovertebrata; the myocoelom. 


ep-i-col'ic. Situated over the colon; relating to 
that part of the abdomen which is over the colon, 
ep-i-co'mus. A monstrosity in which a parasitic 
twin is united to the autosite by the crowns of 
the two heads; parasitic cephalopagus. 
ep-i-con-dy-lal'gi a. Pain in the muscles attached 
to the epicondyle, as after straining work., 
ep-i-con'dyle. The external protuberance of the 
inferior end of the humerus: called also external e ., 
in contradistinction to the internal e -, or epi- 
trochlea. fep-i-con'dy-lar. 
ep-i-con'dy-lo-cu-bi-ta'lis. = Anconeus. 
ep-i-con*dy-lo-ra-di-a'lis. = Supinator brevis. 
ep-i-co-pho'sis. Deafness which is consequent upon 
some other disease, 
ep-i-cos'tal. Situated on the ribs, 
ep-i-cra'ni um. The integuments, aponeurosis, and 
muscular expansion upon the cranium; the scalp. 
[< ETzl upon d-npavLOv cranium.] fep-i-cra'ni al, as 
E. aponeurosis = G ABB A aponeurotica*: and E. 
region , the region over the cranium, 
ep-i-cra'ni us. = Occipitofrontalis. 
ep-i-cra'sis. Treatment directed against the crasis , 
or constitutional fault which favors the disease, 
ep-i-cri'sis. A secgnd or supplementary crisis, 
ep-i-crit'ic sensibility. The touch and temperature 
sense of the skin and viscera in contrast with .their 
pain sense or protopartic sensibility. (Head and 
Rivers.) 

ep-i-cru'sis. Percussion in massage; stimulation 
of a weak part by tapping smartly with sticks. 
ep-I-cy-e'sis. = Superfetation. 
ep-i-cys'tic. Situated above (cephalad from) the 
urinary bladder. 

ep-i-cys-ti'tis. Inflammation of structures above 
the urinary bladder. 

ep-i-cys-tot'o-my. The high or suprapubic section 
of the urinary bladder. 

ep'i-cyte. The membranous investment of a cell, 
ep-i-dem'ic. i. An adjective applied to any disease 
which seems to be upon the entire population of 
a country at one time, as distinguished, on the 
one hand, from sporadic disease (or that which 
occurs in isolated cases), and, on the other, from 
endemic disease (or that which is limited to a 
particular district), i®" Endemic; pandemic. 2. 
An epidemic disease; the season of prevalence of 
any epidemic disease. E. cholera, Asiatic chol¬ 
era. E. chorea = DANCING mania. E. dropsy, 
a specific, epidemic, communicable disease of the 
tropics, running its course in from 3 to 6 weeks 
and characterized by sudden appearance of an 
anasarca, fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, skin irrita¬ 
tion, and rash. E. eczema = Savill’s disease. 
E. gangrene = ergotism. E. haemoglobinuria, 
a fatal form of haemoglobinuria in infants, accom¬ 
panied by cyanosis, jaundice, and nervous symp¬ 
toms. E. insanity, insanity sometimes affecting 
a number of people who are associated together, 
as in a school or a convent. E. meningitis = 

CEREBROSPINAL FEVER. E. paxotitis = MUMPS. 

E. roseola, E. rose=rash = rubella. E. tetany, a 
form of tetany occurring as an epidemic in some 
parts of Europe, [hivi upon -I- drjpo^ people.] t®P“ 
i-de-mic'i-ty, the quality of being epidemic, ep- 
i-de-mi-og'ra-phy, a description of epidemic dis¬ 
eases. ep-i-de-mi-ol'o-gy, the science of epidem¬ 
ic diseases, ep'i-dem-y, an epidemic disease, 
ep'i-derm. = Epidermis. 

ep-i-der'ma, pi. epider ' mata . Any abnormal cuta¬ 
neous excrescence. [L.] 

ep-i-der'ma-toid. = Epidermoid. 


EPIDERMIC 


310 


EPILEMMA 


ep-i-der'inic, ep-i-der'mal . Belonging or relating to 
the epidermis. E. appendages, the hair, nails, 
etc. E. erythema = ACRODYNiA. E. globe = 
CANCER*GLOBE. E. graft, a skinsgraft composed 
of epidermis. E. method, a method of adminis¬ 
tering medicines by applying them to the un¬ 
broken skin; iatraliptic method. E. pearl = 

EPITHELIAL PEARL. E. rete = RETE MUCOSUM. 

ep-i-der-mi-dal-i-za'tion. The development of strat¬ 
ified epithelium from columnar epithelium. 
ep-i-der*mi-do-my-co'sis. Any skin disease due to 
the growth of fungous parasites in the skin, 
ep-i-der-mi-do-phy'ton. A fungus said to be the 
cause of psoriasis. 

ep-i-der-mi-do'sis. Any skin disease affecting pri¬ 
marily the epidermis or its appendages, 
ep-i-der'min. An ointment basis composed of 
equal parts of white wax, gum arabic, glycerin, 
and water. 

ep-i-der'mis*. The external covering of the body; 

cuticle; scarf=skin. [< hiri upon -f depfia skin.] 
ep-i-der-mi-za'tion. S kin sgraf ti ng. 
ep-i-der'moid. Resembling the epidermis, 
ep-i-der-mol'y-sis. A loosening and separation of 
the epidermis from the layer beneath it. E. 
bullo' sa, a rare form marked by the formation of 
deepsseated bullae on slight irritation or pressure 
of the skin. [ < eTriSepjLiig epidermis -f 
loosening.] 

ep-i-der'mose. = Keratin. 

e-pid'e-sis. The bandaging of a wound; the art of 
bandaging. [< eirideaig.] tep-i-det'ic. 
ep-i-di'a-scope. A form of projecting lanterh. 
Episcope. 

ep-i-did'y-mis*. An oblong body formed by nu¬ 
merous convolutions of the tube of the epidid¬ 
ymis, attached to the upper part of the testicle 
by the vasa efferentia and the reflected layer of 
the tunica vaginalis. [< ETr'i upon -|- dlSvpoi tes¬ 
ticles.] tcP"i“did'y-mal, as E. arteries, branches 
of the spermatic arteries distributed to the epi¬ 
didymis and anastomosing with the artery of 
the vas deferens, ep-i-did-y-mec'to-my, excision 
of the epididymis, ep-i-did-y-mi'tis, inflamma¬ 
tion of the epididymis, ep-i-did'y-mosor-chi'tis, 
combined epididymitis and orchitis. 
ep-i-dro'mi a. Afflux of humors, especially of blood, 
to any part. [<i kmSpopi] 
ep-i-du'ral space. The space between the dura 
mater of the spinal cord and the endosteum of 
the spinal canal. It contains fat, loose connec¬ 
tive tissue, and blood*vessels. 
ep-i-fol-lic-u-li'tis. Inflammation of the epidermis 
of the scalp around the hairsfollicles. 

Epigae'a re'pens. The trailing arbutus or May* 
flower, an evergreen ericaceous plant, a native of 
the Atlantic States. Its flowers are beautiful 
and fragrant; the leaves are diuretic, 
ep-i-gas'ter. A division of the peptogaster; the 
hind*gut. It includes the large intestine, 
ep-i-gas'tral. f. = Epigastric. 2. Relating to 
the epigaster. 

e-pi-gas-tral'gi a. Pain in the epigastrium, 
ep-i-gas'tric. i. Belonging to the epigastrium. 2. 
An epigastric artery. Deep e. artery, a branch 
of the external iliac to the abdominal wall, 
branching into the cremasteric, cutaneous, mus¬ 
cular, pubic, and terminal. Superficial e. artery, 
a branch of the common femoral. Superior e. 
artery, a branch of the internal mammary to the 
abdominal wall, diaphragm, and liver. E. aura, 
a feeling of pain or discomfort in the epigastrium 


preceding an attack of epilepsy. E. centre, the 
solar plexus. E. fold, a fold of peritoneum 
covering the epigastric vessels. E. fossa, the pit 
of the stomach. E. gland, a small lymphatic 
gland between the navel and the infrastemal 
depression. D. hernia, hernia through the linea 
alba between the umbilicus and the sternum. 
E. pulsation or pulse, a pulsation in the epigas¬ 
tric region. E. reflex, contraction of the fibres 
of the rectus abdominis, causing a dimpling in 
the epigastric region, excited by irritation of 
them in the fifth or sixth intercostal space. E. 
region, tm- abdomen. E. shock, shock resulting 
from a blow upon the epigastrium. E. veins, 
veins accompanying the epigastric arteries and 
known as superior and inferior deep epigastric. 
ep-i-gas'tri-o-cele. = Epigastrocele. 
ep-i-gas'tri um. That part of the abdomen which 
is immediately over the stomach, 
ep-i-gas'tri us. A twin monstrosity in which the 
parasite is undeveloped and forms a tumor u^on 
or within the epigastric region of the autosite. 
i^Engastrius. [< k'KL upon + yaarrjp stomach.] 
ep-i-gas'tro-cele. i. Hernia occurring in the epi¬ 
gastric region. 2. = Gastrocele. 
ep-i-gas-tror'rha-phy. Suturation of an epigastric 
wound. 

ep-i-gen'e-sis. i. The theory that the embryo is 
the joint production of both sexes, ts- Genera¬ 
tion. 2. An accessory symptom. [< £tcl at -f- 
■yiyveaOai to be born.] 

ep-i-gen-nem'a-tous. Of the nature of an after* 
symptom; symptomatic of the later course of a 
disease. [< eTTiyevvTjpa after*symptom.] 
ep-i-glot'tic, ep-i-glot-tid'i an. Belonging to the 
epiglottis. E. cartilage, the trap*door*like ar- 
arrangement of cartilage in front of the entrance 
of the larynx which forms the basis of the epi¬ 
glottis; cartilago epiglottica*. E. glands, small 
muciparous glands on the epiglottis. E. tubercle 

== CUSHION OF THE EPIGLOTTIS. 

ep-i-glot-ti-de'us, pi. epiglottide'i. Any muscle of 
the epiglottis, including the thyro*epiglottideus 
and the two arytseno*epiglottidei. 
ep-i-glot-ti-di'tis. Inflammation of the epiglottis, 
ep-i-glot'tis*. The petal*like structure, composed 
of elastic cartilage and mucous membrane, at 
the root of the tongue, forming a lid or cover for 
the aperture of the larynx in deglutition. Dur¬ 
ing respiration it is vertical. [< erri upon + 
yTiUTTi^ glottis.,] 

ep-i-glot-ti'tis. = Epiglottiditis. 
ep-i-glot'to-hy-oi'de an. Relating to the epiglottis 
and the hyoid bone. 

e-pig'na-thus. A parasitic monstrosity attached to 
the jaw of the autositic foetus. [ < krzi upon -f 
yvddog jaw.] 

ep-i-gua'nine. An alloxuric base, 7*methyl*2*ami- 
no*6*oxypurin. ^Purin. 
ep-i-hy'al. i. Relating to the hyoid arch; situated 
on or above the hyoid. 2. A triangular piece of 
bone, pretty constant in fishes, v.'hich articulates 
above the stylohyal. In man it is represented 
by the stylohyoid ligament, 
ep-i-la'tion. Depilation; unhairing; process of re¬ 
moving hairs. [< L. e ont+pi'lus hair.] fep'i- 
la-ting, as E. forceps, a forceps for plucking out 
hair, e-pil'a-to-ry. i. Relating to epilation. 2. 
A remedy which removes the hair; depilatory, 
ep-i-lem'ma. A very delicate form of perineurium 
found covering the smallest funiculi of nerve*fila- 
ments. [< hTti npon-i-Aeppa cover.] 


EPILEPSIA 


317 


EPIPHYSITIS 


ep-i-lep'sia. = Epilepsy. E. cursi'va, “running 
epilepsy,” epilepsy in which the patient runs and 
then falls down in a fit. E. gra'vior = grand 
MAL. E. larva'ta = MASKED epilepsy. E. mi'- 
tior = PETIT MAL. [L.] 

ep'i-lep-sy. An intermittent nervous affection often 
characterized by some loss of consciousness, 
convulsions (fits), biting of the tongue, foam¬ 
ing at the mouth, and premonition (aura) 
of the attack; the falling sickness. Before the 
patient falls he sometimes makes an outcry (epi¬ 
leptic cry). The transient loss of consciousness 
without convulsive seizures is known as petit 
mal; the loss of consciousness with general con¬ 
vulsive seizures is known as grand mal ; localized 
convulsions occurring usually without loss of 
consciousness are known as Jacksonian or cor¬ 
tical epilepsy. The ordinary duration of a fit 
is from 5 to 20 minutes. The frequency of the 
attacks or fits varies from intervals of a day 
to 10 years or more, Status epilepticus. 
Some of the varieties of epilepsy are Abortive (— 
PETIT mal). Accelerative (== epilepsia cursiva), 
Cardiac, Cortical (= jacksonian). Feigned, Fo- 
cal (= JACKSONIAN), Gastric, Hysteric hyste- 
rosepilepsy), Jacksonian, Masked or latent. 
Menstrual, Motorial (= jacksonian). Noctur¬ 
nal, Peripheral (= jacksonian). Procursive (= 
EPILEPSIA cursiva), Psychic (=masked),Reflex, 
Retinal, Saturnine, Sensory, Spinal, Sympa¬ 
thetic (= reflex). Symptomatic (= jacksonian). 
Thalamic, Toxic, Traumatic, and Vasomotor. 
E. of the retina, temporary anaemia of the retina 
with transient loss of sight, sometimes seen 
during an epileptic attack. [< L. epilep'sia, fr. 
emXr^'pla, fr. eTTLXaii(idvcLv to seize upon.] 

ep-i-lep'tic. i. Belonging to epilepsy. 2. A per¬ 
son affected with epilepsy. E. aura = aura epi- 
leptica. E. chromatic hyperaesthesia, the con^ 
dition in which an epileptic fit is preceded by 
subjective sensations of colors. E. cry, a pecu¬ 
liar cry frequently uttered by an epileptic just 
before the onset of the paroxysm. E. dementia, 
dementia resulting from repeated, attacks of epi¬ 
lepsy. E. equivalent, a transient psychic dis¬ 
turbance, characterized by either excitement or 
depression, occurring in place of a convulsive 
attack in epilepsy. E. hemiplegia = jacksonian 
EPILEPSY. E. insanity, insanity due to epilepsy. 
E. interval, the period’of time between two con¬ 
secutive epileptic paroxysms. E. mania, tempo¬ 
rary mania sometimes coming on in connection 
with an attack of epilepsy. E. seizure, an attack 
of epilepsy. E. state, a comatose condition with 
a series of epileptic fits recurring at short inter¬ 
vals. It is usually fatal. E. vertigo, vertigo 
occurring as a precursor to an epileptic attack. 
E. zone, an area on the surface of the body irri¬ 
tation of which is liable to produce an epileptic 
attack. 

ep-i-lep'ti-cism. The epileptic state. 

ep-i-lep'ti-form. Like epilepsy. E. amaurosis, sud¬ 
den blindness considered by some epileptic in its 
origin but not confined to epileptics; ophthalmem- 
icrania. The retinal veins have been observed 
to be dilated, but in the retinal arteries no 
changes have been noted. [If ( 7 -’07.] E. hys¬ 
teria = hystero^epilepsy. E. neuralgia or tic, 
facial neuralgia accompanied by spasmodic 
twitchings of the face. 

ep-i-lep-to-gen'ic, epfi-lep-tog'e-nous. Giving rise 
to epilepsy. E. zone = epileptic 2 ;one. 


ep-i-lep'toid. i. Resembling epilepsy. 2. A per¬ 
son subject to nervous affections of an epileptic 
nature. 

Epilo'bium angustifo'lium. The willow herb, an 
onagraceous plant of the United States and 
Europe. Its root is emollient, and is said to be 
also astringent. 

ep'i-lymph. A fluid occurring between the mem¬ 
branous and osseous labyrinths; the perilymph, 
ep-i-me'li um. A fatty tumor. [< TrifieXi] fat.] 
ep'i-mere. One of the segments of the mesoderm 
about the epicoelom; a proto vertebra, 
ep-i-mys'i um. The fibrous sheath covering the 
muscles. 

ep-i-ne-phrid'i um. The fat situated upon the 
kidney. 

ep-i-neph'rin. The alkaloidal substance of the 
adrenal gland isolated by Abel. Adrenalin. 
E. hydrate = ADRiN. 

ep-i-ne-phri'tis. Inflammation of the suprarenal 
capsule. 

ep-i-neu'ri um. The membranous investment or 
sheath of the funiculi of a nervestrunk. tcP”l“ 
neu'ri al. 

ep-i=o-nych'i um. = Eponychium. 
ep-i-nyc'tis. An eruption which appears on the 
skin by night and disappears during the day. 
[< eTTL on, at, or by+ vv^, vvkto^ night.] 
ep-i=ot'ic. Situated above or on the ear. E. centre, 
the centre of ossification for the mastoid portion 
of the temporal bone. 

epd-pe-dom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring 
deformities affecting the contour of the body, 
ep-i-peph'y-ci-tis. The correct term for conjunc¬ 
tivitis. [Tf Rose.] 

ep-i-pe-riph'e-ral. Situated upon the periphery: 

opposed to ENTOPERIPHERAL. 

Epiphe'gus. A genus of parasitic orobanchaceous 
plants. E. virginia'na, beech=drops, grows on the 
roots of the beechstree. It is also called cancer= 
root, and has been asserted to be a cure for 
cancer. [< eTTt upon-f (pr^yog beech.] 
epd-phe-nom'e-non. An additional, accidental, or 
secondary phenomenon in the course of a disease, 
e-piph'o-ra. r. Profuse lachrymation, as in the 
initial stage of Graves’s disease; dacryorrhoea. 
2. An overflowing of tears from obstruction of 
the lachrymal duct. [<i ETTtcpepeaBai to flood.] 
ep-i-phys'i al. Pertaining to or of the nature of an 
epiphysis. E. cartilage, cartilage intervening 
between the epiphysis and the shaft of a grow¬ 
ing bone, by the growth of which the bone 
increases in length. E. disks, the diskdike epiph¬ 
yses on the upper and under surfaces of the 
body of each vertebra. E. eye = pineal eye. 
E. fracture = DIASTASIS, def. 2. E. line, the line 
of junction of an epiphysis with the diaphysis of 
a bone. E. nerves, two small nerves given off 
from branches of the anterior crural nerve and 
passing to the inferior epiphysis of the femur. 
E. process = EPIPHYSIS. 

ep'i-phys-i-ol'y-sis. The separation of an epiphysis 
from its bone. 

e-piph'y-sis*, pi. epiph'yses. A piece of bone grow¬ 
ing upon another, as the bulky extremities of 
long bones which are in early life separated by 
cartilage from the shaft. E. cer'ebri = pineal 
gland. E. incu'dis = processus lenticularis. 
[< erri upon -f (pveiv to produce, to grow.] 
e-piph-y-si'tis, ep-i-phys-e-i'tis. Inflammation of 
an epiphysis or of the cartilage between the 
epiphysis and the shaft of the bone. 


EPIPHYTE 


318 


EPISYLVIAN FISSURE 


ep'i-ph5rte. Any plantslike organism or fungus 
found on the human skin and its appendages or 
on mucous surfaces, Entophyte; epizoon. 
[< ETZL upon + ^vTov plant.] tep-i-phyt'ic, as E. 
parasite. 

ep-i-pi'al. Situated upon the pia mater, 
ep-i-ple-ro'sis. A state of engorgement; overdis¬ 
tention. [< e.TTL'K'kTjpuaig.'] 
ep-i-plex'us. The choroid plexus of the epicoele. 
e-pipTo-. Relating to the epiploon; a combining 
form. [< Epiploon.] e-pip'lo-cele, hernia in 
which a portion of the omentum is protruded.— 
e-pip’lo-cys-tos'che-o-cele, hernia of the omen¬ 
tum and bladder into the scrotum.— e-pip'losen- 
ter'o-cele, hernia containing both omentum and 
intestine. — e-pipdo=en-te-ros'che-o-cele, hernia 
of the omentum and the intestine into the 
scrotum.— e-pip’losis'chi-o-cele, hernia in which 
the omentum protrudes through the ischiadic 
foramen.— e-pip'lo-i'tis, inflammation of the epi¬ 
ploon ; omentitis. — e-pipdo-me'ro-cele, femoral 
hernia with protrusion of the omentum.— ep-i- 
plom'pha-lo-cele, hernia with protrusion of the 
omentum at the navel. — e-pip'lo-pex-y, ep-i- 
plor'rha-phy = Talma’s operation. — e-pip'lo- 
sar-com-phal'o-cele, an umbilical hernia with 
fleshy excrescence of the part.— ep-i-plos'che-o- 
cele, hernia of the omentum into the scrotum, 
ep-i-plo'ic. Belonging to the epiploon or omentum. 
E. appendages, pedunculated peritoneal pouches, 
containing fat, attached here and there along 
the course of the serous coat of the large intes¬ 
tine; omentula. E. arteries, branches from the 
gastrosepiploic arteries supplying the omentum. 

Omental arteries. E. cavity, the peritoneal 
cavity. E. foramen, the foramen of Winslow. 
E. hernia, epiplocele. E. plexus, sympathetic 
nervesfilaments from the gastrosepiploic plexus, 
extending down between the layers of the great 
omentum. E. sac = omental sac. 
e-pip'lo-dn. The great omentum. [< eTr'iir^Loov 
that which is folded upon the intestines.] 
ep-i-po-di-a'li a. The bones of the second segment 
of a limb, as the tibia and fibula of the leg, the 
ulna and radius of the forearm. [< ercLnodtog 
upon the feet.] 

ep-i-psy'che. The medulla oblongata. [< ettl 
upon + ijjvxv soul.] 

ep-i-spas'tic. i. Designed to be sprinkled on the 
body. 2. A powder or medicine to be sprinkled 
on the body or upon any surface, 
e-pip-ter'ic. A wormian bone occasionally found 
at the junction of the parietal bone with the great 
wing of the sphenoid. [< etel upon + TirEpdv 
wing.] 

ep-i-pu'bic. Situated over or on the pubic bone, 
ep-i-pu'bis. A symphyseal bone or cartilage situ¬ 
ated in front of and upon the pubis 
iip-i-sar'kin. An alloxuric base, C4HyN30, found in 
normal urine and in leukaemic urine, 
ep-is'che-sis, pi. epis'cheses. A suppression of ex¬ 
cretions. [< £ 7 T(nx£<yiC, fr. ETTEx^tv to hold up.] 
ep-i-scle'ra. The loose connective tissue covering 
the sclera and separating it from the conjunc¬ 
tiva. [< ett'i upon -I- GKlT/pdg hard.] t®P~i"Scle'- 
ral, as E. space, the space between the capsule 
of Tenon and the sclerotic coat of the eye; space 
of Tenon: a,nd E. tissue— episclera. ep-i-scle- 
ri'tis, inflammation of the external layers of the 
sclera; anterior scleritis. 

E-pis'co-pal tincture. = Cardinal drops. E. 
valves = MITRAL valves. 


ep'i-scope. i. An instrument for the superficial ex¬ 
amination of objects. 2. An apparatus whereby 
the greatly enlarged image of any solid object of 
reasonable size can be projected on a white 
screen in its natural colors, Epidiascope. 
ep-i-sco-tis'ter. An apparatus for testing the sen¬ 
sitiveness of the eye to light. [ < etclgkot'iI^eiv to 
overshadow.] 

ep-i-sei-i'tis. = Episioitis. 

ep-i-si'o-, ep-i-sei'o-. Relating to the pubes, es¬ 
pecially in the sense of vulvar: combining forms. 
[< ETTiGEiov pubes.] ep-i-sci'on, the pubes; also 
the vulva or the perineum.— ep-i-si'o-cele. i. 
Pudendal hernia. 2. Vulvar swelling.— ep-i-si- 
o-clei'si a, the surgical closure of the vulvar 
opening. — ep-i-si-o-hasm-a-to'ma, a pudendal 
haematocele.— ep-i-si-o-i'tis, inflammation of the 
vulva.— ep-i-si-on'cus, .swelling of the pubes, es¬ 
pecially of the labia pudendi.— ep-i-si-o-perd-ne- 
or'rha-phy, episiorrhaphy combined with, peri¬ 
neorrhaphy. — ep-i-si-o-phy'ma, a tumor of the 
vulva.— ep-i-si-o-plas'ty, plastic surgery of the 
pubic region, especially of the vulva.— ep-i-si-or- 
rha'gl a, hemorrhage from the pubes or from the 
labia pudendi.— epd-si-or'rha-phy, suture of the 
labia majora for rectocele or for prolapse of 
the uterus. — ep-i-si-o-ste-no'sis, narrowing of 
the vulvar opening.— ep'i-si-ot'o-my, surgical or 
obstetrical incision of the vulvar orifice, 
ep-i-skel'e-tal. = Epaxial. 

ep-i-spa'di as, ep-i-spa'di a. A congenital defect in 
which the urethra opens upon the dorsum of the 
penis; anaspadias; anaspadia: due to faulty 
union of the embryonal structures, Hypo¬ 
spadias. [< CTTi upon-f-cTTrd^e^p to pierce.] 
spa'di ac, a person affected with epispadias, 
ep-i-spas'tic. i. Producing a serous or puriform 
discharge by exciting inflammation. 2. A blis¬ 
tering or vesicant remedy, Rubefacient; 
vesicatory. E. paper = charta cantharidis. 
[< E'KiGTrdv to draw upon.] tep-i-spa'sis, a skin 
disease due to medication, 
ep-i-spi'nal spaces. Spaces seen in the cadaver 
between the deep surface of the cerebral pia and 
the nervous substance, due to shrinkage of the 
latter. 

ep-i-sple-ni'tis. Inflammation of the capsule of the 
spleen. 

ep-i-staph'y-line Belonging to the uvula, 
e-pis'ta-sis. i. The scum'or pellicle which some¬ 
times appears on urine which is kept standing. 
2. The checking of any flow, as of blood, or of 
the menses. [< etti upon -)- GraGig standing.] 
e-pis-ta'tion. The process of bruising a substance 
to a paste in a mortar. [ < L. e or ex thoroughly 
+pista're to pound.] 

ep-i-stax'is. Bleeding at the nose; nose-bleed. [< 
ETELGTa!:^Eiv to distil.] 

ep-i-ster'nal. Upon or above the sternum. E. 
bones, or granules, a pair of osseous nodules 
.sometimes found attached to the sternum, one 
on each side of the interclavicular notch; ossa 
supersternalia. E. notch = suprasternal 

NOTCH. 

ep-i-ster'num. The first piece of the sternum; the 
manubrium of the prestemum. 
ep-is-thot'o-nus. = Emprosthotonos. [<. ettIgOev 
forward + telvelv to stretch.] 
ep-i-stro'phe us*. The axis, or second cervical ver¬ 
tebra. [< ett'i upon -f GTpE^ELv to tum.] 
ep-i-syl'vi an fissure. An occasional posterioi 
branch of the sylvian fissure. 


EPITELA 319 EQUATION 


ep-i-te'la. The delicate tissue of Vieussens’s valve. 

[< £7r< upon + L. te'la web.] t^P-i-teTar. 
ep-i-the'li a. The covering of the skin and the 
mucous membranes composed of epithelial cells. 
ep-i-theTi al. Belonging to the epithelium. E. 
cancer, epi¬ 
thelioma. E. 
cast, a urin- 
ary cast hav¬ 
ing the sur¬ 
face covered 
with epitheli¬ 
um. E. cells, 
any one of the 
cells forming 
the epitheli¬ 
um; an epi¬ 
dermic cell. 

E. nephritis, 

I^NEPHRITIS. 

E. nests, i. 

= E. PEARLS. 

2. Cancer* 



nests. 3. Ag¬ 
gregations of 


Epithelial Casts and Epithelial 
Cells from the Kidneys. —Found in 
a case of acute Bright’s disease (acute 

XVi o 1 i n 1 * desquamative nephritis), magnified 
e p 11 n e 11 a 1 diameters. 

cells found by 

Brunn in the walls of the male uretha. E. pearl, 
a concentrically arranged mass of scaly epithelium 
sometimes occurring in epitheliomatous growths. 
E. teeth = DERMAL teeth. E. tissue, epithelium, 
ep-i-the'li-cell. An epithelial cell. 
ep-i-the'U-oid. Resembling epithelium. E. cell => 

ENDOTHELIAL CELL. 

ep-i-the-li-oTy-sin. A cytolysin which destroys 
epithelial cells, fep-i-the-li-o-lyt'ic. 
ep-i-the-li-o'ma, pi. epithelio'mata. A kind of 
cancer consisting chiefly of epithelial cells, and 
forming primarily on cutaneous or mucous sur¬ 
faces. Columnar or Cylindrical e., an epithelioma 
composed of columnar cells arranged in gland* 
like tubules. It occurs in the liver, pylorus, 
rectum, and uterus. E. mollus'cum = mollus- 
cuM epitheliale. E. myxomato'des psammo'- 
sum, a tumor characteristic of the third ventri¬ 
cle of the brain having 
milky white, hard, gran¬ 
ular contents. t®P"i“the- 
li-o'ma-tous. 

ep-i-theTi um. The cellular 
covering of the skin and 
mucous membranes. Its 
character varies somewhat 
in different parts of the 
body and according to 
the form and arrangement 
of the component cells. 

Epithelium occurs as four 
principal varieties: squa¬ 
mous, columnar, modified, 
and specialized. The first 
two groups are subdivided 
into simple and stratified 
according as a single layer 
or several layers of cells 

are present. The modified epithelium includes 
ciliated, gohleUcell, and pigmented; the specialized, 
glandular and neuro^epithelium. Both squamous 
and columnar may appear as tessellated, polyhedral, 
or pavement»like when viewed from the surface. 

[ < kTci upon -f- dT^Xi] nipple.] 
epT-them. Any kind of external application not 



Ciliated Epithelium 
FROM THE Trachea. 
— g. Cell filled with 
mucus about to be 
discharged. (Pier- 

sol.) T 


comprised under the head of ointments or blisters, 
such as poultices, fomentations, etc. [< hrrl 
upon -f- Tidkvai to place.] 

e-pith'e-sis. Any splint or other apparatus to be 
applied and worn; also, the application of such 
apparatus. 

ep-i-ton'ic. Drawn tight; tensely stretched. [<( 
k'KLruvzLV to stretch.] 

ep-i-tox'oid. A toxoid having a smaller affinity foi 
antitoxin than the original toxin; toxon. 
ep-i-trich'i al layer, ep-i-trich'i um. A layer of 
large cells forming the superficial layer of the 
epidermis of the embryo and foetus. [< £7rt 
upon -f Op'i^ hair.] 

ep-i-troch'le a. The inner condyle of the humerus. 
fep-i-trochTe ar, as E. foramen, a foramen on 
the inner condyle of the humerus of animals. It 
is sometimes present in man or represented by 
an indentation. 

ep-i-troch-le-a'ris. An occasional muscle in man 
extending from the border of the latissimus dorsi 
to the ulna near the elbow. 
ep-i-trochTe-o=an-co-ne'us. A small muscle arising 
from the inner condyle of the humerus and in¬ 
serted into the olecranon of the ulna, 
ep-i-tym'pa-num. = Attic. t®P“i-tyni'pa-nal, as 
E. recess = KTTic. 

ep-e-typh'lon. The vermiform appendix, 
ep’i-zo-ot'ic. A term applied to a contagious 
disease attacking numbers of cattle or other 
animals at the same time and place. E. stoma¬ 
titis = FOOT*AND*MOUTH DISEASE. [ < CTTi on + 

C,(bov animal.] fep-i-zo'o-ty, an epizootic disease. - 
ep-i-zo'bn, pi. epizo ' a . — Ectozoon. fep-i-zo'i-cide, 
a drug which destroys epizoa. 
fep-i-typh-li'tis = Appendicitis, ep-i-typh-lit'ic. 
ep'o-col. A proprietary creosote preparation, 
ep-o-nych'i um. i. The homy shield which in 
fetal life marks the position of the mdimentary 
nail. 2. The fold of cuticle that overlies the 
edge of the nail. [< eiri upon -b bvv ^ nail.] 
ep'o-nym. A name of something, as of a part, an 
organ, or a disease, derived from a person. [< 
kTTidvvuo^ named from a person.] fep-o-nyrn'ic. 
ep-o-oph'o-ron. = Parovarium*. [<£7riupon-f 
(f)0(p6pov ovary.] fep-o-oph-o-rec'to-my, excision 
of a tumor of the epoophoron. 
ep-os-to'sis. I. An exostosis. 2. The process of de¬ 
velopment in an exostosis. [ < eir'i on -f bareov bone.] 
Epsilon (e) granules. The fine neutrophile granules 
of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 

Ep'som salt. =Magnesii sulphas*. [< Epsom, 
a place in England, where it was discovered by 
Grew in 1695.] 

Ep'stein’s pearls. Small yellowish*white elevated 
masses on either side of the median line of the 
hard palate in new*bom children. 
e-puTis. A tumor located upon the gums, either 
benign or malignant. The commonest forms are 
carcinoma, fibroma, giant*cell sarcoma, and 
granuloma. ^Odontoma; parulis. [<r7r/ 

upon + ovla gums.] t®-puTic. ep*u-lose-rec'tile, 
both epulic and erectile, ep'u-lo-fi-bro'ma, a 
fibroma involving the gum or the jaw. ep'u-lo- 
fi'brous, both epulic and fibrous, ep'u-lospulps 
fun'goid, a fungoid grov/th of an exposed degen¬ 
erating tooth *pulp. 

ep-u-lot'ic. Having power to cicatrize; promoting 
cicatrization, as a remedy. [< eTTovXuaig cicatri¬ 
zation.] fep-u-lo'sis, cicatrization, 
e-qua'tion. Chemical equation; personal 

EQUATION, 











EQUATOR 


820 


ERETHISM 


e-qua'tor. A circle surrounding a sphere and divid¬ 
ing its surface into two equal parts. E. of a 
cell, the plane in which division of the cell takes 
place. E. of the eye, that great circle of the 
eye which lies in the rear of the ciliary region, 
fe-qua-to'ri al, as E. plate, the mass formed in 
karyokinesis by aggregation of the cleft chromatic 
segments of the cell around the equator of the nu¬ 
clear spindle: and E. staphyloma, a scleral staph¬ 
yloma in the equatorial region of the eyesball. 
e-qui-lat'e-ral hemianopia. ^Hemianopia. 
e-qui-lib'ri um. Equipoise; that condition of rest 
which results when all the forces acting in a 
body are equally opposed. In medicine it sig¬ 
nifies the harmonious action of the organs of the 
body, as in standing. [< L. ce'que equally-f 
Itbra're to balance.] fe-qui-li'bra-ting, as E. 
operation, tenotomy of the direct antagonist of 
an ocular muscle affected with paresis. e’qui- 
li-bra'tion, the maintenance of equilibrium, 
e-qui-na'tion. Vaccination with virus of horse=pox. 
e'quine gait. A peculiar gait in which the foot hangs 
loose and cannot be moved, progression being 
accomplished by unusual flexion of the thigh on 
the abdomen: seen in peroneal paralysis. E. 
medicine, veterinary medicine of the horse. E. 
syphilis, syphilis. 

e-quin'i a. Glanders of horses. [< L. horse.] 

e'qui-nism, equi'nus. = Talipes equinus. 
e-qui‘no-va'rus. A combination of pes equinus and 
pes varus. 

equipollent (i-cwfp'o-lent, or i-cwf-pol'fnt). Hav¬ 
ing equal power or efficiency. [ < 

L. ce'quus equal + polle're to be 
able.] 

Equise'tum. A genus of cryptog- 
amous plants, called popularly 
horsetails, scouring rush, Dutch 
rush, scrub'grass, and shave^grass. 

Many of the species possess valu¬ 
able diuretic properties. [< L. 
e'qui of a horse + se'ta hair.] 
e'qui-tant. Overlapping, as of 
leaves. [< L. equita're to riot.] 
e-quiv'a-lent. i. Equal in value, 
power, weight, or effect; having 
the same import or meaning, 
car Joule’s e. 2. In chemistry, 
a ponderable and invariable quantity of a body 
required to replace a certain fixed weight of 
another body in combinations. E. focus, ^ fo¬ 
cus. [< L. ce'quus equal 4- vale're to be worth.] 
fe-quiv'a-lence, the state of being equivalent. 

Quantivalence ; valence. 
e-quiv'o-cal. Of doubtful significance. E. genera¬ 
tion, spontaneous generation. E. symptom, a 
symptom that may arise from several different 
diseases. [ < L. ce'quus equal + vox voice.] 
e'quus. =Hippus. 

Er. I. An abbreviation for external resistance. 2. 

The chemical symbol for erbium. 
e-rad-i-ca'tion. Thorough and complete removal. 

[< L. e out-f- ra'dix root.] 
er'a-sene. = Heptane. 

e-ra'sion. Removal or cleaning out by scraping. 

[ < L. era'sio, fr. e out + ra'dere to scrape.] 
Erb=Char-cot’s disease. Spasmodic locomotor ataxia. 
Er'ben’s phenomenon. Temporary decrease of the 
pulsesrate on sitting down or stooping: said to 
be characteristic of some forms of neurasthenia. 
ErbsGold'flam’s disease or symptomscomplex. = 
Myasthenia gravis. 


er'bium. A rare, unisolated element, known only 
by its compounds: at. wt., 164.8; symbol, Er. 
Erb’s disease. = Myasthenia gravis. E.’s my¬ 
otonic reaction or waves, undulatory motion 
produced in a muscle under the influence of a 
moderately strong constant current, the elec¬ 
trodes being left in place and the circuit closed: 
sometimes seen in Thomsen’s disease. E.’s pa¬ 
ralysis. I. Paralysis in a child, caused by hem¬ 
orrhage into the membranes of the brain during 
birth; brainspalsy. 2. Paralysis of the muscles 
of the shoulder and upper arm. E.’s point = 
supraclavicular point. E.’s symptom or phe¬ 
nomenon, increase of the electric irritability of 
the motor nerves in tetany. E.’s syndrome = 
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS. E.’s Syphilitic spinal pa¬ 
ralysis = paralysis SPINALIS SYPHILITICA. 
ErbsWest'phal’s symptom. =Westphal’s sign 

or SYMPTOM. 

Erechthi'tes hieracifo'lia. Fireweed, a composite 
plant, a native of the United States. It iSvsaid 
to be tonic and astringent, 
e-rect' position. That position in which the pa¬ 
tient stands erect, the occiput and heels on a 
line. 

e-rec'tile. Capable of becoming stiff and erect. E. 
tissue, a peculiar tissue, susceptible of erection or 
rapid turgescence by an increased flow of blood to 
the part. It is composed chiefly of arteries and 
veins, the latter greatly predominating, with 
cells or minute cavities communicating with one 
another. E. tumor, a tumor composed of vas¬ 
cular tissue, which may become elevated and 
swollen when the veins are filled with blood. [ < 
L. eri'gere to set up.] 

e-rec'ting microscope. A microscope which gives 
an erect image. E. ocular, a microscopic ocular 
which gives an erect image of the object by 
means of an erecting prism, 
e-rec'tion. A turgid and rigid state, as of the 
penis, due to engorgement with blood under the 
influence of functional excitement. E.scentre = 

GENITOSPINAL CENTRE. 

e-rec'tor. That which erects: applied to certain 
muscles. E. clito'ridis, either of a pair of mus¬ 
cles arising from the ischial tuberosity and in¬ 
serted on each side of the crus of the clitoris; the 
ischiocavemosus muscle. E. pe'nis, either of a 
pair of muscles arising from the ischial tuberosity, 
the crus penis, and the ramus of the pubis, and 
inserted into the tunica albuginea of the corpus 
cavernosum; the ischiocavemosus muscle. E. 
piTi, ^ ARRECTORES PiLORUM. E.-spi'uaB, a muscle 
arising from the iliac crest, back of the sacrum 
and the lumbar and lower dorsal vertebras, and 
separating into the sacrolumbalis, longissimus 
dorsi, and spinalis dorsi muscles; spinirector. E. 
spinae reflex = dorsal reflex. 
efe-ma-cau'sis. The slow combustion, oxidation, 
or decay to which organic bodies are liable. [< 
7/pefia by degreesa burning.] 
er*e-mo-pho'bi a. = Agoraphobia, def. i. [< 
epf/pog solitary+ ^ 6 / 3 oc fear.] 
e-rep'sin. An enzyme discovered by Cohnheim in 
the intestinal mucous membrane. It splits up 
peptones but has no effect on unaltered albumin, 
f < tpnTTt'Lv to destroy.] 

er'e-thin. The poisonous element of tuberculin. 
[< hpeML,eiv to irritate.] 

cr^e-thism. A state of increased sensibility and 
irritability. [< kpedi^eiv to irritate.] fer-e-this'- 
mic, er-e-this^tic, as E. shock, a shock in which 



Equitant 

Leaves.' 




ERG 


321 


ERICOLIN 


there are symptoms of excitement as well as of 
depression; and E. ulcer or granulation, an easily 
bleeding, very painful ulcer or granulation, 
erg. The unit of energy, as also of work; the total 
work accomplished by the unit of force in acting 
through one unit of distance upon one unit of 
mass: 1/981 gramme*centimetre. [ < f/oyov work.] 
er-gas*i-o-ma'ni a. Extreme eagerness for perform¬ 
ing operations. [ < kpyaaia work + fiav'ia madness.] 
er-gas'i-o-pho'bi a. Dread of operating or of being 
operated upon. [< kpyaaia work -f- <j) 6 l 3 og fear.] 
er’gosap'i ol. A proprietary medicine said to con¬ 
tain savine, apiol, and ergot, 
er-go-chry'sin. A coloringsmatter from ergot. 
er~gog'e-ny. The energy of living organisms. [< 
epyov work + yei^vav to generate.] 
er'go-graph. An instrument, such as that of Mosso, 
for the graphic representation of fatigue in mus¬ 
cles. fer-go-graph'ic. 

er-gom'e-ter. A work^measuring dynamometer. 

[< epyov wor'k+p-erpov measure.] 
cr-go-pho'bi a. A morbid dread of work. [< epyov 
work -f (f> 6 ( 3 og fear.] 

cr'go-stat. A machine or device for registering the 
degree or amount of a muscular effort. [< epyov 
work -f- lardvat to stand.] 

er-go-ster'in. A crystalline substance, C 26 H 4 „ 0 , con¬ 
tained in ergot. 




Ergot. —E. English ergot. R. Russian ergot. G. Ger¬ 
man ergot. S. Spanish ergot. 


er'got. I. Any one of several fungi occurring upon 
various cereals, especially E. of rye = ergota*. 
E. of diss, an ergot from an Algerian reed, Am- 
pelodes'mos te'nax: said to be twice as strong as 
ergot of rye. E. sugar = mycose. E. wine = 
viNUM ERGOT.E*. 2. The hippocampus minor. 
3. A small, horny stub growing from the skin 
of the fetlock of a horse. [< F. ergot spur.] 
er-go'ta*. Ergot, the sclerotium of Cla'viceps pur- 
pu'rea, replacing the grain of rye, Seca'le cerea'le; 
secale comutum; spurred rye. Ergot should not 
be exposed to a damp atmosphere nor be kept 
more than one year. It powerfully excites the 
contractile force of the uterus, and it is chiefly 
employed for this purpose. Its long*continued 
use, however, is highly dangerous. It is also a 
vasomotor stimulant. Used in cerebral and 
spinal congestion, diabetes insipidus, colliquative 
sweats, and paralysis of the bladder. Dose, 2 
Gm. (30 grs.). i^Extractum ergots*; fluid- 

EXTRACTUM ERGOT.E*; VINUM ERGOT.®*. The 

active principles of ergot said to have been iso¬ 
lated and recognized at various times by different 
investigators are numerous; they are: ecboline and 
21 


ergotine (Wenzell), mixtures of alkaloids, contain¬ 
ing choline ( Meulenhoff); amorphous ergotinine 
(Tanret), impure mixture of ergotinine and ergo- 
toxin; picrosclerotine (Dragendorff), ergotinine, 
possibly mixed with ergotoxin; sclerocrystal- 
line (Podwyssotski), ergotinine; sphacelinic acid 
(Robert), inactive resin with adherent alkaloid; 
cornutine (Kobert), an alkaloidal resin, probably 
containing some ergotoxin and also some other 
active substance, which may be a decomposition 
product of ergotoxin; cornutine (Keller), impure 
mixture of ergotinine with ergotoxin; chryso- 
toxin (Jacobi), inactive yellow coloring matter 
with a small proportion of adherent alkaloid; 
secalintoxin (Jacobi), mixture of ergotinine and 
ergotoxin; sphacelotoxin (Jacobi), impure ergo¬ 
toxin, and hydro^ergotinin (Kraft), a synonym 
for ergotoxin. L. ij. ’08.] 
er-got'ic acid. A volatile acid said to exist in 
ergot. 

er'go-tin. The extract of ergot, or the active prin¬ 
ciple of ergot, said to be a good haemostatic. It 
causes contraction of the smaller blood*vessels 
and of the uterus. Dose, 0.004 to 0.03 Gm. (y^^ 
to \ gr.). 

er'go-tine. An amorphous alkaloid found in ergot, 
er-got'i-nine. An alkaloid from ergot of rye. It 
occurs in an amorphous and a crystalline form. 
The hypodermic dose of 0.00025 8^-) 

causes powerful uterine contractions according 
to Tanret (1875); according to Kobert (1884) its 
therapeutic action is very slight, Cornutine; 

ERGOTOXIN. 

er'go-tism. The poisonous effects of ergot of rye, 
especially those due to its continued use in food; 
epidemic gangrene. 

er'go-tized. Diseased or poisoned with ergot, 
er'go-tole. A proprietary preparation of ergot, 
er-go-tox'in. The hydrate of the crystalline ergo¬ 
tinine of Tanret; hydro*ergotinin: physiologically 
intensely active. 



Er'ich-sen’s disease. == Railway spine. E.’s 
ligature, a ligature consisting of a thread three 
feet long, half white and half black: used in 
ligating naevi. 

e-ric'i-none. A crystalline substance, identical 
with hydroquinone, obtained from several eri- 
caceous plants. 

er-ic'o-lin. A bitter glucoside, CjiHjgOji, found 
in uva ursi and Le'dum palus'tre. By decompo¬ 
sition with acids it forms e-ric'i-nol, a volatile, 
oily substance, CjqHjqO. 


































ERIGENTES NERVI 


322 


ERYTHANTHEMA 


erigen'tes ner'vi. Nerves of the hypogastric plexus, 
distributed to the organs of generation, to the 
bladder, etc. [L., " erecting nerves.”] 

Erig'eron. Fleabane, a genus of composite plants. 
E. an'nuunt is diuretic, tonic, and astringent. 
E. canaden'se was formerly official. It has the 
same properties, and its volatile oil is used in 
blennorrhoea and as a haemostatic. Dose of oil, 
0.3 to I Cc. (i to 15 mins.). E. heierophyl'lum 
and E. philadel'phicum were also formerly offic¬ 
ial as diuretics. E. oil = OLEUM ERIGERONTIS*. 
Eriodic'tyon*. i. A genus of hydrophyllaceous 
plants. 2. The U. S. P. name for the leaves of 
E. calif or'nicum, yerba santa; consumptive’s weed. 
It is a stimulating expectorant: used in asthma 
and chronic bronchitis. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
m - Fluidextractum eriodictyi*. 
er-i-om'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
thickness of minute fibres and the diameter of 
small globules. [ < epiov cotton -f fierpov measure.] 
Er'len-mey-er flask. A cone-shaped flask. 
Er'lic-ki’s fluid. A hardening fluid composed of 
cupric sulphate ^ part, and potassium bichrom¬ 
ate 2^ parts, to 100 parts of water. It is used 
chiefly for nervous tissues, 
e-ro'dent. i. Eating out or eating away. 2. A 
caustic. [< L. ero'dens.] 

Ero'dium. A genus of geraniaceous plants of 
Europe. They are reputed to be tonic and 
haemostatic. E. cicuta'rium of the United States 
is reputed to be a good diuretic, 
er-o-gen'ic, e-rog'e-nous. Causing erotic sensa¬ 
tions. E. zone, the part or parts of the body 
irritation of which causes erotic sensations. [< 
epog love+ yevvdv to generate.] 
er-o-ma'ni a. = Erotomania. 
er-on'o-sus. Disease or illness peculiar to the 
spring of the year. {<ivp spring-1- voaoq disease.] 
e-rose'. In bacteriology, denoting an irregularly 
toothed border. 

e-ro'sion. i. An eating or gnawing away: similar 
to ulceration; circumscribed loss of epithelium 
on mucous membranes, as in catarrhs. 2. In den¬ 
tistry, an affected surface of the teeth character¬ 
ized by a smooth or polished surface. [ < L. ero'- 
dere to eat out.] fe-ro'sive. 
e-rot'ic. Pertaining to sexual love; arising from 
love. E. mania or insanity, nymphomania; 
SATYRIASIS. [< Epco<; sexual love.] 
er'o-tism. A state of erotic intoxication, 
e-ro-to-gen'ic. = Erogenic. 

e-ro-to-ma'ni a. Melancholy or madness caused 
by love or sexual desire. [< epog sexual love 
-f uavia madness.] fe-rot-o-ma'ni ac, a person 
affected with erotomania.' 
e-ro-top'a-thy. Any disorder or perversion of the 
sexual impulse. [< epoQ sexual love -f Tradoq 
disease.] fc-ro'to-path. 

er-rat'ic. Wandering; moving from one place to 
another: applied to pains, eruptions, and other 
morbid phenomena when they shift from place 
to place. E. chills, the irregular intermittent 
attacks of fever with outbreaks of sweat in sep- 
ticopyaemia. E. erysipelas, erysipelas in which 
portions of inflamed skin are isolated from the 
main inflammation. [< L. errat'icus, fr. erra're 
to wander.] 

er'rhine. A medicine which increases the natural 
secretion of the membrane lining the nose; ster¬ 
nutatory. [< £v in + pi? the nose.] 
er-u-bes'cenc“. A blush or flushing of the skin, 
whether functional or symptomatic. 


Eru'ca sati'va. An herbaceous cruciferous plant of 
Europe. It is stimulant and antiscorbutic, 
e-ru'cic acid. A crystalline acid, occur¬ 

ring in oil of mustard and in rape-seed oil. 
e-ruc-ta'tion. Any sudden burst of wind, solid, or 
liquid from the stomach by the mouth; a belch. 
[ < L. erucia're to belch.] 

e-ru'ga-to-ry. Removing wrinkles, as a remedy. 

[< L. ^ out + ru'ga wrinkle.] 
e-rup'tion. A discoloration or breaking out of pim¬ 
ples on the skin; a pathological manifestation in 
the skin, sometimes marked by color, sometimes 
by prominence, more frequently by both. For 
specially named varieties of eruption see the ad¬ 
jectives. [<L. ^ out-f-rwm'pere'to burster break.] 
fe-rupt', to burst through, as a tooth through the 
gum. e-rup'tive, as E. fever, any exanthematous 
disease; afebrile disease attended by an eruption 
on the skin, as scarlet fever, typhoidXever, etc. 
er-va-len'ta. A proprietary food-preparation ob¬ 
tained from Er'vum lens, or the common lentil, 
an herbaceous leguminous plant cultivated for 
food in Egypt, Syria, India, etc. 
er-y-glu'cin. =Erythrite. 

Eryn'gium. “Eryngo,”a genus of umbelliferous 
plants of Europe and the United States. The 
roots of E. aquat'icum and E. marit'imum have 
been used in medicine as expectorant and dia¬ 
phoretic. The candied root of E. campes'tre was 
formerly much used, under the name of “eryngo,” 
as an aphrodisiac. 

er-y-sip'e-las. An acute, contagious, febrile disease 
marked by a peculiar redness and sharply deflned 
inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes. 
It is caused by a specific microbe, Streptocoe'eus 
erysipel'aiis. The symptoms are an initial chill, 
fever, headache, thirst, nausea, and vomiting, 
sometiaies delirium, and the characteristic rash, 
which appears on the first or second day. 
Magnesii sulphas*. Occurring with wounds 
erysipelas is called E. traumat'icum, na'thum, 
spu'rium, or nosocomia'le; arising idiopathically 
it is known as Idiopathic, Spontaneous, True, 
or Exanthematous e. Other varieties of erysipe¬ 
las are Erratic, Erythematous, Gangrenous, 
OioEMATous, Phlegmonous, Puerperal, and 
Wandering. E. am'bulans, mi'grans, or ser'pens 
= WANDERING ERYSIPELAS. E. bullo'sum Or vesi- 
culo'sum, erysipelas in which the epidermis is 
raised into vesicles. E. gla'brum or laeviga'tum, 
erysipelas in which the skin is tense and shiny. 
E. neonato'rum, “ erysipelas of the newborn,” due 
to trauma of the umbilicus. E. vaccina'le, trau¬ 
matic erysipelas, due to vaccination. E. varie- 
ga'tum, erysipelas in which colored stripes appear 
especially prominent. E. verruco'sum, erysipelas 
in which the skin turns hard and warty. [< 
EpvGLTrela^, possibly from red + rre/lAa skin, 

or TTslbq livid; or from epvcLV to draw 4 -rreila? near.] 
ter-y-si-pel'a-toid. er-y-si-pel'a-tous, as E. in¬ 
flammation, the specific inflammation of erysipe¬ 
las: and E. pneumonia, pneumonia, er-y- 
sip*e-lo-coc'cus = Streptococcus erysipelatis. 
er-y-sip'e-loid. A slightly contagious skin disease 
resembling erysipelas; erythema migrans. There 
is a violent eruption, with much burning and 
itching but no fever. The disease is due to 
Clad'othrix dicho'toma. 

er-y-sip*e-lo-tox'in. The toxin of erysipelas, 
er-y-than-the'ma. A neurotic skin disease in which 
inflammation is prominent. [< epvdpoq red 4- 
avdrjiia flowering.] 


ERYTHEMA 


323 


ERYTHRO- 


er-y-the'ma. Redness of the part; a superficial 
inflammation of the skin; a mere rash or efflo¬ 
rescence not accompanied by swelling, vesication, 
or fever, Purpura; roseola. E. annula're, 

E. multiforme. E. autumna'le, harvest rash or 
prurigo du rouget, due to the larva of a Trombid'- 
ium, a mite parasite of the spider, Phalan'gium 
opil'io. E. calor'icum, simple erythema due to 
exposure to excessive heat. E. congesti'vum, 
the simplest form of erythema, consisting merely 
in congestion of the skin; E. hypercemicum. E. 
diffu'sum = SCARLATINA PUERPERALIS. E. figU- 
ra'tum, ^■E. multiforme. E. hyperae'micum = 
E. CONGESTIVUM. E. indura'tum, a rare form, 
marked by deep*seated nodules, which enlarge, 
turn red or violet, and may break down to form 
indolent ulcers. E. infan'tile, diffuse erythema 
in children due to fevers, intestinal worms, teeth¬ 
ing, etc., and without clinical importance. E. 
infectio'sum, a feebly contagious disease marked 
by a rose=red, maculo-papular rash, occurring 
chiefly between the ages of four and twelve and 
sometimes epidemic. [Tf O. ’09.] E. intertri'go = 
INTERTRIGO. E. i'tis, E. MULTIFORME. E. 

margina'tum, ^E. multiforme. E. mi'grans = 
ERYSIPELOID. E. multifor'me, a skin affection 
marked by an erythematous eruption appearing 
first on the backs of the hands and feet. The 
lesions may appear as single rings (E. annula're), 
as concentric rings (£. i'ris), in discoid patches 
with an elevated border {E. margina'tum), \n a 
figured arrangement (E. figura'tum), etc. E. no- 
do'sum, a variety of erythema characterized by 
the appearance of firm, rosy nodules: supposed 
by some to be of rheumatic origin and by others 
to be an acute infective fever of a definitely 
specific nature. The nodules are tender, and the 
eruption is attended with itching. E. per'nio = 
CHILBLAIN. E. sim'plex, a variety of erythema 
characterized by patches of cutaneous redness, 
which are sometimes attended with pain but with 
little or no itching. E. traumat'icum, erythema 
due to pressure or friction. E. variolo'sum, an 
erythematous eruption sometimes preceding 
smallpox. E. venena'tum, simple erythema due 
to local irritants or poisons. [< epvdahetv to 
redden.] fer-y-the-mat'ic, er-y-them'a-tous, as 
E. eczema, ^eczema: E. eruption, an eruption 
consisting of diffused patches of redness: E. ery¬ 
sipelas, erysipelas in which redness of the skin is 
the most marked symptom: E. gastritis, gas¬ 
tritis: and E. syphilide, ^syphilide. er-y- 
them'a-toid. 

er-y-them'o-meg-a-laTgi a, er-y-them-o-me-laTgi a. 

= Erythromelalgia. 

Erythrae'a. o-Centaurium. 

er-y-thrae'mi a. i. The physiological aeration of 
the blood. 2. Polycythaemia, with cyanosis and 
enlargement of the spleen; Vaquez’s disease. 
[HL. j. ’ 08.] ^Leukemia. [< epvOpdq ve 6 .+ 

a'lpa blood.] 

er-y-thras'ma. A contagious disease of the skin, 
in which the groin or the axilla is usually the 
seat of localized and exfoliating patches. It is 
thought to be due to a plant growth, Micros'po- 
ron minutis'simum. ^ Eczema marginatum. 

[< kpvdpdq red.] 

e-ryth'rin, e-ryth'ric acid. An organic compound, 
C20H2.2OJ0, from Roccel'la tincto'ria and other 
lichens which furnish litmus. [< kpvdp 6 g red.] 

- e-ryth'rite. A crystalline compound, C^HefOH)^, 
contained in many lichens and algae; erythrol; 


eryglucin ; erythromannite; erythroglucin; phy- 
cite. [< epvdpog red.] 

er-y-thrit'ic acid. An acid, C3H^(OH)COOH, formed 
by the oxidation of erythrite. 

e-rythTo-. Relating to a red color: a combining 
form. [< kpvdpog red.] e-ryth'ro-blast, an amoe¬ 
boid, nucleated, and colorless cell of the bone* 
marrow which after a process of karyokinesis 
becomes transformed into a mature nonsnucle- 
ated red blood*corpuscle; a red blood ^corpuscle 
in its rudimentary ,^orm; an erythroplast.— e- 
rythTo-cen-tauTin, a crystalline principle, C27H24- 
Og, from Erythrce'a centau'rium; centaurin; cen- 
taurite. It resembles santonin.— e-rythTO-chlo- 
ro'pi a, partial colorsblindness in which red and 
green are the only colors correctly discerned. 

Achromatopsia ; acyanoblepsia. —e-ryth-ro- 
cru'o-rin = HEMOGLOBIN.— e-ryth'ro-cyte, a red 
corpuscle of the blood. fe-ryth-ro-cyt'ic.— e- 
ryth'ro-cy-thae'mi a, abnormal increase of red 
blood=corpuscles in the blood.— e-ryth'ro-cy-tol'- 
y-sis, plasmolysis of red blood*corpuscles.— 
e-rythTO-cy-tom'e-ter, an instrument for esti¬ 
mating the number of red blood*corpuscles.— 
e-ryth*ro-cy-tor-rhex'is = plasmorrhexis. — e- 
rythTO-cy-tos'chi-sis = plasmoschisis. — e-ryth*- 
ro-cy-to'sis. i. The formation of red blood* 
corpuscles. 2. Excessive formation of red blood* 
corpuscles, not as an essential feature but 
as a transient symptom. Erythremia, def. 
2.— e-rythTO-der-ma-ti'tis, inflammation of the 
skin marked by redness. — e-ryth-ro-der'mi a, 
abnormal redness of the skin.— e-rythTo-der- 
mi'tis, erythematous inflammation of the skin.— 
e-ryth-ro-dex'trin, a variety of dextrin which is 
colored red by iodine. It is derived from starch 
and is transformed into achroodextrin and mal¬ 
tose by the action of ptyalin and amylopsin. 
Its presence in the gastric juice indicates incom¬ 
plete amylolysis. Achroodextrin. — e-ryth'- 

ro-gen, a peculiar animal principle, considered 
to be the base of the coloring matter of the 
blood.— e-ryth-ro-glu'cin = ERYTHRITE. — e-ryth- 
ro-gran'u-iose, a substance contained in starch 
grains which gives a red color with iodine. It is a 
variety of granulose.— er'y-throid, of a red color; 
reddish, as E. coat, the vaginal coat of the tes¬ 
ticle.— e-ryth'rol = erythrite. E. tetranitrate is 
used like nitroglycerin. Dose, 0.03 Gm. gr.).— 
er-y-thro-le'ic acid, a purple semi*fluid substance 
obtained from archil.— er-y-thro'le in, a reddish 
fatty liquid, €2(5112204, found in litmus.— e-ryth- 
ro-lit'min, a red compound, C.26H33OJQ, contained 
in litmus. It is soluble in alkalies, changing to a 
blue color.— e-ry-throl'y-sin, any substance caus¬ 
ing destruction of red blood*corpuscles.— e-ry- 
throl'y-sis = erythrocytolysis. — e-ryth-ro- 
man'nite = erythrite. — e-ryth’ro-me-lal'gi a, a 
disease of certain vasomotor nerves, marked by 
redness and bumiug local pains in the extrem¬ 
ities, chiefly in the feet and more rarely in the 
hands; Mitchell’s disease, k®-A cromelalgia. — 
e-ryth-ro-me'li a, a disease marked by a progres¬ 
sive painless redness of the skin: distinct from 
erythromelalgia. — Erythro'nium america'num, 
adder’s tongue, a liliaceous plant of the United 
States. It has emetic properties. Dose of bulb, 
1.3 to 2 Gm. (20 to 30 grs.).— e-ryth'ro-phage, 

. any one of those phagocyte cells which absorb 
pigment and even red corpuscles from the blood 
during hemorrhage. fer-y-throph'a-gous.— e- 

ryth'ro-phile, er-y-throph'i-lous, combining with 


ERYTHROXYLON 


324 


ESOTERIC 


or absorbing red stains. — er-y-throph'le ine, a 
p>oisonous alkaloid obtained from Erythrophlce'- 
um guineen'se, of which it is the active principle. 
It has been commended as a local anaesthetic. 
The hydrochloride is also used in doses of 0.002 
to 0.004 Gm. (3^^ to yij gr.).— Erythrophlce'um 
guineen'se, a leguminous tree, native of Western 
Africa. Its poisonous bark, called mancona or 
sassy bark, is employed by the natives as a med¬ 
icine in cases of dysentery, colic, etc. Ery- 
THROPHLEiNE. — e-ryth-ro-pho'bi a, dread of red 
light; discomfort on seeing red objects. t®“ 
ryth'ro-phobe, a person affected with erythro- 
phobia.— er'y-thro-phose, any phose of a re^ 
color.— e-ryth'ro-phyll, the red coloring matter 
of autumn leaves.— er-y-thro'pi a, e-ry-throp'si a, 
that condition in which all objects seem tinged 
with red. — e-ryth'ro-pit-y-ri'a-sis = pityri.\sis 
RUBRA. — er'y-thro-plast, a minute protoplasmic 
mass which is capable of developing into a red 
corpuscle. — er-y-throp'sin = visual purple. — 
e-ryth*ro-pyk-no'sis, the degenerative change 
taking place in an erythrocyte after invasion by 
aestivosautumnal infection. — e-ryth-ro-ret'in, a 
red resin, C38H3gOi4, contained in rhubarb. It 
has cathartic properties.— e-ryth'rose, a mono¬ 
saccharide or glucose, C4Hg04, prepared from 
erythrite by oxidation; tetrose.— e-ryth'ro-sin, 
a red pigment, CggHjgNjOg, obtained from tyrosin 
by oxidizing with nitric acid. — e-ryth-ro-sin'o- 
phile, easily stained by erythrosin.— er-y-thro'- 
sis, plethora arteriosa, a fonu of plethora in 
which the blood is rich in fibrin and in pigment. 

Erythrox'ylon. A genus of shrubs of Peru, the 
West Indies, etc. E. co'ca grows in South 
America, and its leaves (known by 
the name of coca*) are a powerful 
nervous stimulant. It also yields 
COCAINE. fer-y-throx'y-line = CO¬ 
CAINE. 

er-yth-ru'ri a. Red coloration of the 
urine. 

Es'bach’s test. A test for protelds in 
urine: add to the urine a solution 
of citric and picric acids in distilled 
water; a precipitate shows the pres¬ 
ence of proteids. This is done quan¬ 
titatively by E.’s albuminometer in 
which the urine is added to the mark 
U and the reagent to Rin a graduated 
teststube, the whole being carefully 
inverted 12 times and allowed to 
stand at an even room temperature 
24 hours. The amount of precipitate 
is then read off, and represents parts 
in 1000. Goodman’s method. 

es'ca-lin. A glycerinic paste of pow¬ 
dered aluminum: used in gastric 
hemorrhage. 

es'char. A hard crust or scab which 

forms on the flesh after the application of a caus¬ 
tic, hot iron, bacterial poison, etc. [ < eaxapovv 
to scab over.] 

es'cha-ro-der-mi'tis. Inflammation of the skin 
marked by the formation of eschars. 

es-cha-ro'sis. The formation of an eschar. 

es-cha-rot'ic. i. Caustic. 2. A substance which 
forms an eschar; a caustic substance. 

Esch'ka’s test. A test for mercury: heat the sus¬ 
pected substance in a crucible and condense the 
yapor on a cold gold cover; a white stain indi¬ 
cates the presence of mercury. 


-R 


-U 


E S B a c H’s 
Albumi¬ 
nometer. 


es-cho-me'li a. A monstrosity with deformity of 
some member. [ < eaxarog worst -f limb.J 

es-chro-la'li a, -my-the'sis. =.<Eschrolalia. 
Eschscholt'zia califor'nica. The California poppy, 
a papaveraceous plant. It has soporific and 
analgesic properties. Dose of extract, 0.6 to 2 
Gm. (10 to 30 grs.). 

es-co-quin'ine. A combination of quinine and a 
glucoside derived from the horse-chestnut. An 
analgesic and antimalariai remedy. Dose, 0.06 
to 0.18 Gm. (i to 3 grs.). 

es-cu-le'tin. A bitter crystalline compound, 
CgHg04, found in horse-chestnut bark, 
es'cu-lic acid. =Sapogenin. 

es'cu-lin. A glucoside, CjgHjgOg, occurring in the 
bark of jEs'cuIus hippocasta'num, or horse-chest¬ 
nut ; polychrome. It has been used as a febri¬ 
fuge in malaria. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 

Es'culus. =yEscuLUS. 

Esenbec'kia febrif'uga. A rutaceous tree or shrub 
of Brazil. Its bark is tonic, and is used to adul¬ 
terate Angustura bark. It contains the alkaloid 
es-en-beck'ine, CgHjgNOg. 

e-ser'i-dine. An alkaloid from Physostig'ma vene- 
no'sum: used like physostigmine but only ^ as 
powerful. 

es'e-rine. = Physostigmine. E. salicylate = phy- 
sostigmin^ salicylas*. E. sulphate = physo- 
STiGMiNyE SULPHAS*. [< cscre native name of 
the plant.] fes'er-ism = physostigminism. 
Es'march’s bandage and tube (^s'marcHs). A rubber 
bandage applied to a limb from below upward, 
driving back the blood, a rubber tube being 
applied to keep the part bloodless when the 
bandage is removed. E.’s operation, an opera¬ 
tion for ankylosis of the jaw, a lozenge-shaped 
piece of bone being removed through an incision 
along the lower border of the jaw, in front of the 
masseter. E.’s painless caustic, arsenous acid, 
one part; morphine sulphate, one part; calomel, 
eight parts; and powdered acacia, forty-eight 
parts. E.’s tourniquet, an elastic rubber band or 
tube used in esmarching. E.’s tube. i. A test 
tube coated inside with inoculated gelatin; used 
like a Petri’s dish. 2. = E.’s tourniquet. t®s'- 
march-ing, the application of Esmarch’s bandage 
and tube. 

es-o-co-li'tis. Inflammation of the mucous coat of 
the colon. [< eao) within -f colon.] 
e-sod'ic. Afferent or centripetal: used chiefly of 
nerves. [ < eao) inward -I- 666 g way.] 
es'Osen-te-ri'tis. Inflammation of the mucous 
membrane of the intestines, 
es-o-gas-tri'tis. Inflammation of the mucous mem¬ 
brane of the stomach. 

es-o-ge-net'ic. Arising within the organism. 
es*o=eth-moi-di'tis. Inflammation of the ethmoid 
sinuses or cells. 

esophag-. For words beginning thus, see words 
beginning cesophag-. 
e-soph'a-gus. = (Esophagus. 

es-o-pho'ri a. An inward tendency of the visual 
lines; convergent strabismus. [< eao) inward -f 
<j)8peiv to bear.] t®s-o-phor'ic. 
es-o-rhi'nus. A term for a skull in which a line 
drawn from the nasion to the alveolar point lies 
in front of one drawn from the nasion to the 
rhinion. [ L., fr. eaco within -f p'lg nose.] 
es'o-sphe-noi-di'tis. Osteomyelitis of the sphenoid 
bone. 

es-o-ter'ic. i. Inner; applied to phenomena or 
changes resulting from causes internal to the 









ESOTROPIA 


325 


ETHIOPIAN PEPPER 


organism. 2. Endoblastic; hypoblastic or endo- 
dermal. 3. Secret; known only to a chosen few. 
[< eaurepog within.] 

es-o-tro'pi a. Inward or convergent strabismus, 
es-pe-ran'to. An artificial international language, 
ts" Ilo. 

es'sence. i. The chief properties or virtues ex¬ 
tracted from any substance; the nature or essen¬ 
tial qualities of anything. 2. Any one of a 
class of liquids, mostly oily, always volatile and 
aromatic, which can be obtained by distilling 
vegetable substances with water or diluted alco¬ 
hol, or prepared by mixing essential oils with 
alcohol. These essences in the U. S. P. are 
called spirits (spiritus). E. of anise = spiritus 
ANisi*. E. of bitter almond = spiritus amyg¬ 
dala AMARA*. E. of lemon = spiritus limo- 
Nis. E. of nutmeg = spiritus myristica. E. of 
peppermint = spiritus mentha piperita*. E. 
of pepsin = ESSENTIA PEPSiNi. E. of spearmint 
= SPIRITUS MENTHA VIRIDIS*. E. Of SUgar = 
OXALIC ACID. [< L. essen'iia, fr. es'se to be.] 
essen'tia pepsi'ni (N. F.). A preparation containing 
pepsin, rennin, and lactic acid, preserved with 
glycerin and alcohol, in syrup and angelica wine. 
Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). 

es-sen'tial. i. Relating to or constituting the 
essence of a substance; necessary. 2. Self^exist- 
ing; independent of any cause. E. anaemia = 
IDIOPATHIC ANAMiA. E. bradycardia, brady¬ 
cardia without any apparent cause or discover¬ 
able anatomical lesion. E. convulsion = spon¬ 
taneous CONVULSION. E. fever, a fever con¬ 
stituting a disease in itself, as distinguished from 
a symptomatic fever. E. hemorrhage, hemor¬ 
rhage not due to injury. E. leucophlegmasia, is- 
LEUCOPHLEGMASiA. E. oils, oils obtained by 
distillation from odoriferous vegetable substances. 
They are also called volatile oils. E. paralysis, 
acute anterior poliomyelitis. E. phthisis (of 
the eye) = OPHTHALMOMALACIA. E. resistance = 
INTERNAL RESISTANCE. E. Salt, a Salt procured 
by crystallization from plant^juices. E. vertigo, 
vertigo occurring without any known cause, 
es'ter. A compound ether containing both an acid 
and an alcohol radical, Ether, def. 2. E. 
dermasan, a proprietary salicylic acid ester, used 
as an anodyne in rheumatism, tabes, etc. 
es-them-a-tol'o-gy. = tEsthematology. 
esthesi-, esthesio-. For words beginning thus, see 
words beginning asthesi-, asthesio-. 
es'the-sin. A basic substance, Cg^HggNOj, obtained 
from brain ^tissue. [< aladijaLg perception.] 
es-thet'ic dentistry. = Cosmetic dentistry. 
es-thi-om'e-nus. An old term for various phage¬ 
denic and malignant skin diseases, especially 
lupus. [< kadidpevoq eating.] fes-thi-om'e-ne, 
lupus of the genitals. 

es'ti-vosau-tum'nal malaria. =.E1 stivo*autumnal 

MALARIA. 

Est'lan-der’s operation. An operation for empyema, 
performed by resecting one or more ribs to allow 
the thoracic wall to collapse and so to heal, 
es'ton. Basic aluminum acetate: used as an anti¬ 
septic and astringent. 

es'to-ral. A proprietary name for an easily decom¬ 
posed boricsacid menthol ester, 
es-tro-ma'ni a. =CEstromania. 
es'tral. =CEstral. 
es'trum. =QEstrum. 

es-u-ri'tis. Ulceration of the stomach from want 
of food. [< L. esuri're to be hungry.] 


6tat mamelonn^ ( 4 ta ma-mf-l( 5 n-n 6 ). A condition 
in which the mucous membrane of the stomach 
is folded or warty: due to chronic gastritis, 
e'thal. = Cetyl alcohol. 
eth-al'de-hyde. = Aldehyde, def. 2. 
eth-ane-di-am'ide. = Oxamide. 
eth'ene. = Ethylene. E. chloride = ethylidene 
chloride. 

eth-ene-naph'thene. = Acenaphthene. 
eth'e-nyl. = Vinyl. 

e-the-on'ic acid. An acid formed by the action of 
sulphuric acid on ether and alcohol, 
e'ther. i. A volatile liquor obtained from alcohol 
by the action of strong sulphuric acid; ethyl 
oxide, (C2H.)20; ather*; ethyl ether; ethylic 
ether; improperly, sulphuric ether. It is a fra¬ 
grant, transparent, volatile liquid, much used in 
medicine and surgery. Inhaled, it is an anaes¬ 
thetic. Internally, it is anodyne, diaphoretic, 
and antispasmodic. For specially named varie¬ 
ties of ether see the adjectives. E. cone, an ap¬ 
paratus for administering ether as an anaesthetic. 
E. drunkenness, intoxication produced by drink¬ 
ing ether. It is similar to that produced by al¬ 
cohol, but comes on more rapidly and is more 
transitory. E. spray, ether applied to the body 
in spray, to produce local anaesthesia by chilling. 
2. One of a class of compounds divided into two 
groups,— first, simple ethers, which consist of two 
alcohol radicals united by an oxygen atom, and, 
second, compound ethers, or esters, which consist 
of one or more alcohol radicals united with an 
acid radical. 3. A rigid fluid of extreme tenuity, 
supposed to fill all space, by the undulations of 
which the rays of light and heat are transmitted 
from one object to another. [< a'ldr/p air.] 
e-the're al. Consisting of ether or pertaining to 
ether. E. extract, an extract in which the men¬ 
struum is ether. E. oil. i. Volatile oil. 2. 
A volatile oil. E. solution, a solution in which 
ether is the solvent. E. sulphates, sulphate. 
E. tincture, a tincture in which ether is the men¬ 
struum. [< L. <jBthe'reus.'\ 
e'ther-ene. = Ethylene. 

e'ther-i-fi-ca'tion. The process by which an acid 
and alcohol are decomposed by heat and dis¬ 
tilled so as to form ether. 

e'ther-in. i. A crystalline compound, a polymer 
of ethylene, which separates from ethereal oil 
after standing; concrete oil of wine. 2. A toxin 
extracted from tubercle bacilli by means of 
ether; etherobacillin. 

e'ther-ism. i. The condition of being under the 
influence of ether. 2. The administration of 
ether. 

e*ther-i-za'tion. The inhaling or administering of 
the fumes of ether to produce insensibility to 
pain, fe'ther-ize. e'ther-i-zer. i. An apparatus 
for administering ether. 2. A surgical assistant 
who administers ether, 
e'ther-o-ba-cil'lin. =Etherin, def. 2. 
e'ther-ol. A yellowish, oily liquid, having an aro¬ 
matic odor, obtained from heavy oil of wine; 
light oil of wine. 

e‘ther-o-ma'ni a. The habit of inhaling or drinking 
ether. 

eth'ics. Medical ethics. 

ethfi-dene. A bivalent radical, C2H4; ethylidene. 
E. chloride = ETHYLIDENE CHLORIDE. E. dicth- 
ylate = ACETAL, 
e'thine. = Acetylene. 
e-thi-o'pi an pepper. i^Unona athiopica. 


ETHIOPIFICATION 


326 


ETHYL 


e-thi-Op*i-fi-ca'tion. Discoloration of the skin 
caused by the use of silver nitrate or mercurial 
ointment. [< cB'thiops black + fa'cere to make.] 
eth*mO“car-cin'i a. Malignant disease involving the 
connective tissue. [< r/dpog sieve + KapKivog 
cancer.] 

eth*mo-car-di'tis. Inflammation affecting the con¬ 
nective tissue of the heart. [<,'^d/udg sieve-h 
Kap 6 la heart.] 

eth-mo-ceph'a-ius. A monster with an imperfectly 
developed head, more or less complete cyclopia, 
and rudimentary nose, the latter often above the 
conjoined orbits. [< f/dp 6 g sieve -f Ke(j)a?r/ head^ 
eth-mo-cra'ni al angle. = Olfactory angle. \ 
eth’mo-der-mi'tis. Inflammation of the connective 
tissue of the skin. [< r/dp 6 g sieve + fieppa skin.] 
eth-mo-fron'tal. Relating to the ethmoid and frontal 
bones. 

eth'moid. i. Resembling a sieve; cribriform. 2. 
Relating to the ethmoid bone. E. bone, a bone 
forming the roof of the nasal fossae and part of 
the floor of the anterior fossa of the skull; os 
ethmoidale*: so named because its upper plate 
is pierced by a number of small holes, through 
which pass the filaments of the olfactory nerves. 
E. fissure, the superior nasal meatus. E. process, 
a process projecting frorfi the superior edge of 
the inferior turbinated bone. It joins the unci¬ 
form process of the ethmoid bone. [< ijOpog 
sieve + elSog form.] 

eth-moi'dal. Belonging to the ethmoid bone. E. ar¬ 
teries, two arteries, an anterior and a posterior, 
branches of the ophthalmic artery to the ante¬ 
rior part of the dura mater, the ethmoidal cells, 
the frontal sinuses, and the nose. E. bulla — 
BULLA ETHMOiDALis*. E. cauals, either of the 
two small canals on the inner side of the orbit 
between the ethmoid and frontal bones. One 
is called the anterior, and transmits the ophthal¬ 
mic nerve and the anterior ethmoidal vessels; 
the other, the posterior, and transmits the pos¬ 
terior ethmoidal vessels. E. cell = E. sinus. 
E. crest = CRISTA galli*. E. fissure, a fissure in 
the floor of the anterior cranial fossa for the 
nasal branch of the fifth nerve. E. foramina, 
the openings in the cribriform plate of the eth¬ 
moid bone transmitting the olfactory nerve; 
foramina ethmoidalia*. E. labyrinth, the eth¬ 
moidal cells taken together. E. notch, the inter¬ 
val between the orbital plates of the frontal 
bone; incisura ethmoidalis"^. It is filled by the 
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. E. proc¬ 
ess, the posterior of the two processes on the 
upper border of the inferior turbinated bone; 
processus ethmoidalis*. It joins the uncinate 
process of the ethmoid bone. E. sinus, any one 
of the irregular cavities enclosed by the lateral 
masses of the ethmoid bone. E. spine. i. The 
prominent spine projecting from the centre of 
the superior surface of the sphenoid bone, artic¬ 
ulating with the vomer. 2. =E. PROCESS. E. 
suture, the suture between the ethmoid and 
frontal bones. Anterior e. vein, a branch of the 
ophthalmic vein which accompanies the artery of 
the same name. 

eth-moi-di'tis. Inflammation of the ethmoid bone, 
eth-moi-do-fron'tal suture. A cranial suture be¬ 
tween the ethmoid and frontal bones, 
eth-mo-lach'ry-mal suture. A cranial suture be¬ 
tween the ethmoid and lachrymal bones, 
eth-mo-phy'ma. A small growth or tubercle of con¬ 
nective tissue. [ < ijOpog sieve 4- (j)(’pa growth.] 


eth'mose. i. Pull of small openings; areolar. 2. Are¬ 
olar tissue. [< r/dp 6 g sieve.] 
eth-mo-sphe'noid suture. A cranial suture be¬ 
tween the ethmoid and sphenoid bones, 
eth-mo-tur'bi-nals. = Ectethmoids. 
eth-mo-vom'e-rine. Relating to the ethmoid and 
to the vomer. E. plate, the cartilaginous plate 
which in the foetus forms the greater portion of 
the vomer and the mesethmoid. 
eth'my-phe. Cellular tissue. [ < rjdpog sieve 4 - v<f>ri 
web.] feth-my-phi'tis, inflammation of the cel¬ 
lular tissue or cellular membrane, 
eth'nic. Relating to race. E. idiocy, idiocy in 
which the patient presents a sort of mimicry of 
some other race of mankind. [< eOvog race.] 
eth-nol'o-gy. The science of the races of men and 
their relations. [ < edvog race -I- Adyog treatise.] 
eth-ox-y-caf'fe-ine. A crystalline compound, Cjg- 
Hj 4N403, derived by substitution from caffeine. 
It is stimulant, diuretic, and narcotic, and has 
been found useful in relieving migraine and the 
pains of herpes zoster. Daily dose, 0.2 to i Gm. 
(3 to 15 grs.). 

Ethu'sa. =^THUSA. t®“thu'sine. 
eth'y-dene chloride. =Ethylidene chloride. 
eth'yl. The hypothetical radical, CoH., a radical of 
ether and alcohol. Among the compounds of 
ethyl other than those below are the aceto? 
acetate, acetylsalicylate, benzoate, benzoylace- 
tate, bromomalonate, butyrate, caprate, capro- 
ate, caprylate, carbonate, chlorocarbonate, chlo- 
ropropionate, cinnamate, citrate, cocainate. 
copaivate, lactate, malonate, monochloracetate, 
nitrate, cenanthate, oxalate, propionate, salicyl¬ 
ate, succinate, sulphide, trichloracetate, and 
truxillate. E. acetate = ^ther aceticus*. E. 
alcohol, ALCOHOL. E. benzene, an oily liquid, 
CgHj.CaH., made synthetically. E. bromide, a 
colorless, volatile liquid, C2H5Br, of an ethereal 
odor and a hot, saccharine taste; bromethyl; 
monobromethane; hydro bromic ether. It is ob¬ 
tained by the action of hydrobromic acid on 
ethyl alcohol. It has been used as an anaes¬ 
thetic, but it is not considered safe. E. butyrate, 
a thin, colorless liquid, C4H7O.OC2H5, used in 
making artificial essence of pineapple. E. carba¬ 
mate =^thylis CARBAMAs*. E. carbamine = 
ETHYLAMiNE. E. carbanilide = EUPHORiN. E. 
chloride, muriatic ether, CgHjCl, a colorless liquid; 
^THYLis CHLORiDUM*. It acts as a local anaes¬ 
thetic by freezing. An alcoholic solution .is 
sometimes used as an internal stimulant. E. 
cyanide, a colorless liquid, C2H3CN, very poison¬ 
ous, and having the therapeutic properties of 
hydrocyanic acid; hydrocyanic ether; propioni- 
trile. E. dichloracetate, a volatile substance 
which produces profuse and persistent lachryma- 
tion. E. disulphide, a colorless, oily liquid, C2H5S, 
made by acting upon potassium disulphide in 
concentrated solution with potassium sulpheth- 
ylate. E. ether= ether, def. i. E. formate, a 
volatile liquid, CgHg.CHOg', formic ether. It is 
anaesthetic and antispasmodic. E. hydrate = 
ALCOHOL. E. iodide, a colorless, volatile liquid, 
C2H5I, used by inhalation in phthisis and bron¬ 
chitis; hydriodic ether. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). 
Also used as a rapid means of bringing the 
system under the influence of iodine. E. mor¬ 
phine hydrochloride = dionin. E. mucate, a 
compound of ethyl and mucic acid. E. nitrite, 
nitrous ether, C2H3NO2, a liquid with a pungent 
odor. Its solution in alcohol is spiritus ..etheris 


ETHYLAMINE 


327 


EUDIAPHORESIS 


Nitrosi*. E. oxide = ether, def. i. E. pelar- 
gonate, a compound, CgH^.CgHi^O.^, used in pre¬ 
paring quince essence; grape oil; oenanthic 
ether; pelargonic ether. E. phenate = phenetol. 
E. sulphuric acid, a compound, CgHg.HSO^, 
formed by treating sulphuric acid with alcohol, 
and occurring in the preparation of ether; sul- 
phovinic acid. E. thiocarbimide, a colorless, 
pungent liquid, CgH^NS; ethyl mustard oil: used 
as a local irritant. E. valerate or valerianate, a 
colorless liquid, CgH^.CjHgO^, with a fruity odor; 
isovaleric ester or ether. [<,aL'&^p ether-f pA?/ 
material.] 

eth-yl-am'ine. A ptomaine, C2H5NH2, obtained by 
heating ethyl iodide with an aqueous solution of 
ammonia; ethyl carbamine; amido^ethane; 
amino ^ethane. It is found in various putrefying 
substances, chiefly of vegetable origin. It is a 
mobile liquid, soluble in water, alcohol, and 
ether. Although more caustic than ammonia, it 
has essentially the same properties, 
eth'y-late. A compound of ethylic alcohol with a 
base which replaces the hydrogen of the hy¬ 
droxyl. 

eth-yl-chlo*ral-u're-thane. = Somnal. 
eth*yl-di-sul'pho-car-bon'ic acid. =Xanthic acid. 
eth'y-lene. Olefiant gas, C2H4, a colorless, inflam¬ 
mable gas, an important and essential part of 
the gas used in illuminating houses and streets; 
ethene. Density, 0.97. It is deleterious to those 
who breathe it. E. bichloride, an oily liquid, 
C2H4CI2, used as a general anaesthetic by inhala¬ 
tion and as a local anaesthetic by spray; Dutch 
liquid. E. bromide, a colorless, oily liquid, 
C2H4Br2; used in epilepsy. Dose, 0.06 to 0.12 
Cc. (i to 2 mins.). E. glycol, a sweetish, syrupy 
liquid, CH2OH.CH2OH. E.slactic acid, lactic 
.\ ciD. E. oxide, a strongly basic compound, 
C2H4O, isomeric with acetaldehyde, 
eth'y-lene-di-am'ine. A non=poisonous ptomaine, 
C2HgN2, isomeric with ethylidenediamine. E.s 
imide, simine, a nynspoisonous base, C2H5N(CH2- 
CH,)NH, found in cultures of cholera bacilli. E. 
silver phosphate solution = argentamine. E.s 
trikresol = kresamine. 

e-thyl'ic ether. = Ether, def. i. E. oxysulpho- 
carbamate = xanthamide. 
e-thyl'i-dene. =Ethidene. E. chloride, a colorless 
liquid, CH3CHCI2, with an aromatic odor: said to 
be a very valuable anaesthetic. E. diethylate 
or ethylate = acetal. E.slactic acid, ts- lactic 

ACID. 

e-thyhi-dene-di-am'ine. A poisonous ptomaine, 
C2H4(NH2)2. obtainable from decaying fish. It 
may also be produced artificially, 
e-thyl-nar'ce-ine hydrochloride. =Narcyl. 
eth'yl-phen’yl-car'ba-mate. = Euphorin. 
eth'yl-pi-per'i-dine. An alkaloid, C7HJ3N, occurring 
along with coniine in Coni'um macula^tum. 
eth-yl-thal'line. A basic phenol derivative, C12H17- 
NO. It is believed to be a perfectly safe and 
effective febrifuge and antipyretic, 
eth-yl-u're-thane. =^thylis carbamas*. 

-etin. A suffix denoting a resin, as in abretin. 
e*ti-o-la'tion. The state of being blanched; pale¬ 
ness due to exclusion of light, 
e-ti-ol'o-gy, ae-ti-ol'o-gy. The science of the cause 
of disease. [ < airta cause + Myog discourse.] 
te*ti-o-log'i-cal, ae*ti-o-log'i-cal. 
et'i-quette, professional, Medical ethics. 
e-trot'o-my. Pelvic section, 
e-typ'ic. =Atypic. 


eu-. A Greek prefix meaning good or well. [ et’.l 
eu-ae'mi a. A healthy condition of the blood 
[< ev well + at pa blood.] 

eu-aes-the'si a. i. Healthy state of the senses. 
2. A feeling of health. [< ei; wellsen¬ 
sation.] 

eu'caine. A synthetical preparation occurring as 
ALPHA=EUCAiNE and BETA*EUCAiNE and forming 
salts, as E. lactate. It is used like cocaine to 
produce infiltration aneesthesia. 
eu'ca-lin, eu'ca-lyn. A syrupy liquid, CgHjgOg, ob¬ 
tained from melitose. 

eu-ca-lyp'tol*. An organic oxide (cineol), CjgHjgO, 
obtained from the volatile oil of Eucalyp'tus 
glob'ulus and from other sources. It is a color¬ 
less liquid, of a characteristic, aromatic odor, and 
is soluble in all proportions in alcohol. Applied 
locally, it is a powerful irritant, rubefacient, and 
antiseptic. Administered internally, it is anti¬ 
septic, stimulant, and expectorant. It may be 
used by spray, by volatilization, etc. Dose, 0.3 
Cc. (5 mins.), feu-ca-lyp'tene, a hydrocarbon, 
CigHjg, obtained by distilling eucalyptol with 
phosphoric anhydride, eu-ca-lyp'to-re-sor'cin, a 
compound of eucalyptol and resorcin. 
Eucalyp'tus*. i. A genus of myrtaceous trees, in¬ 
cluding numerous species of Australia and Tas¬ 
mania. Eucalyp'tus resinif'era yields a gum 
called Botany Bay kino. 2. The U. S. P. name 
for the dried leaves of E. glob'ulus, collected from 
the older parts of the tree. It is astringent and 
tonic, stimulant and diaphoretic, and has been 
used as an antispasmodic in asthma. Its medi¬ 
cal properties are largely dependent upon the 
volatile oil (eucalyptol*). Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 

^ FlUIDEXTRACTUM EUCALYPTI*; OLEUM EUCA¬ 
LYPTI*. E. elixir = elixir eucalypti. E. 
honey, honey gathered by bees from the flowers 
of Eucalyp'tus. It contains eucalyptol, and is 
anticatarrhal. E. oil = oleum eucalypti*. 
eu'chin-in. A derivative of quinine, which is said 
to produce no disagreeable after-effects; ethyl- 
carbonic ester of quinine. Dose, i to 2 Gm. (15 
to 30 grs.). 

eu-chlo-rhyd'ri a. The presence of a normal amount 
of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice, 
eu-chlo'rine. Chlorine protoxide: used as an anti¬ 
septic. 

eu-cho'lia. A normal condition of the bile. [< cv 
good -I- yo 7 \, 7 ] bile.] 

Euchres'ta horsfiel'di. A leguminous shrub of 
Java and Formosa. The seed is used as an anti¬ 
dote to poisons. 

eu-chro'ic acid. An acid, Cj2H4N20g, procured by 
the decomposition of neutral ammonium melli- 
tate by heat. It forms a blue compound with 
zinc, called eu'chrone. [<eL' fine + color.] 

eu-chro'ma-top-sy. Normal colors vision. [< 
well + XP^P-^ color + bipig vision.] 
eu-chy'li a. A healthy state of the chyle. [ < ep 
well + chyle.] . 

eu-chy'mia. A healthy state of the chyme or 
other fluids. [ < ev well + X'^P^^ chyme.] 
eu-cra'sia. Good health. [< ev well-f/cpdcif mix¬ 
ture.] 

eu-der'mol. A proprietary name for nicotine sali¬ 
cylate. 

eu’di-aem-or'rhy-sis. Normal flow of blood through 
the capillaries. [< ev well -t- ^t,a through -f a\pa 
blood + pvatg a flowing.] 

eu-di’a-pho-re'sis. Natural or noimal escape of 
perspiration. [< ev well -I- di.\phoresis.] 


EUDIOMETER 


328 


EUPHRASIA OFFICINALIS 


eu-di-om'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
purity of the air or of any gaseous compound. 
[< evdia fine weather + fiirpov measure.] 
eu-dox'in. The bismuth salt of nosophen: an in¬ 
testinal antiseptic. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 
eu-for'mol. A proprietary germicide, antiseptic, 
and deodorant, containing eucalyptus, gaultheria, 
thymol, menthol, boric acid, wild indigo, and 
formaldehyde. 

eu-gal'lol. A solution of two parts of mono*acetyl- 
pyrogallol and one part of acetone. It is more 
stimulating than pyrogallol and may produce 
local irritation when applied externally. 

Euge'nia. A genus of myrtaceous trees and shrubs. 
E. caryophylla'ta produces cloves. E. che'quefi, 
CHEKEN, an evergreen shinib of Chile, now re¬ 
ferred to the genus Myr'tus. E. jambola'na, 
jambul, Java plum, a tree of East India. A 
fluidextract of the bark is used in diabetes and 
as a stomachic astringent. Dose, 0.6 Cc. (10 
mins.), rapidly increased. E. pimen'ta, lar Pi- 
MENTA. 

eu-ge'nic acid. =Eugenol*. 

eu-gen'ics. “ The study of a genesis under social 
control that may improve or impair the racial 
qualities of future generations either physically 
or mentally.” (Francis Galton, the inventor of 
the science.) [< tvyevrjg welbborn.] 
eu'ge-nin. Clove camphor, CjqHjjOj, a crystalliz- 
able compound found in cloves and said to be 
identical with eugenic acid, 
eu'ge-nol*. An unsaturated, aromatic phenol, C.^- 
HjjOj, obtained from oil of cloves and other 
sources, as cinnamon, aromatic vegetable ma¬ 
terials, and volatile oils; eugenic acid. Dose, 
0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). E. acetamide, CjqHjjOjCO.C- 
HjNHj, is a local anaesthetic and antiseptic, 
eu-get'ic acid. A colorless, crystalline substance, 
CiiHj 204, occurring in eugenol. 
eu-glob'u-lin. ^ Pseudoglobulin. 
eu'gu-form. A fine grayish =white powder; acety- 
lated methylenediguaiacol: used as an antisep¬ 
tic and dusting powder. 

eu'ki-nase. Enterokinase obtained from the pig. 
eu'la-chon. The oil of the candlesfish, Thaleich'- 
thys pacif'icus: substituted for codsliver oil. 
eu'la-tin. Antipyrine amidobrombenzoate. 
eu-lyp'tol.- An antiseptic substance composed of 
salicylic acid, 6 parts; carbolic acid, i part; eu¬ 
calyptus oil, I part. 

eu-lys'in. A yellowish, fatty substance, C24H3g03, 
obtained from cork. 

eu-mor'phol. = Antimorphine serum. 
eu'my-drine. A mydriatic and antihydrotic derived 
from atropine; methylatropine nitrate, 
eu-nat'rol. Acid oleate of sodium; recommended 
as a cholagogue. 

eu'nuch. A man from whom the spermatopoietic 
or the entire genital organs have been removed. 
[< evvT] couch + to guard.] feu'nuch-ism. 
eu'nuch-oid. 

eu-od'ic. Aromatic. [< ew well + oCecv to smell.] 
Euon'ymus*. i. A genus of celastraceous shrubs, 
natives of Europe, Asia, and the United States. 
2. The U. S. P. name for the dried bark of the 
root of Euon'ymus atropurpu'reus (wahoo or 
burning bush). It is recommended as a remedy 
in dropsy, and is said to combine the virtues of a 
tonic with those of a cholagogue, a hydragogue 
cathartic, and a diuretic. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 

Extractum euonymi*; fluidextractum 
EUONYMi*. [<£11 good -f bvofia name.] feu-on'- 


y-min. i. A complex resinoid precipitated by 
water from a tincture of E. atropurpu'reus. 2. An 
uncrystallizable bitter principle obtainable from 
the bark of E. atropurpu'reus: aperient and chola¬ 
gogue. Dose, 0.065 to 0.25 Gm. (i to 4 grs.). 

eu-pa-reu'ni a. Sexual compatibility. [< well 
-f- Trdpevvog spouse.] 

Eupato'rium*. i. A genus of composite herbs, 
comprising many species, natives of the United 
States, etc. 2. The U. S. P. name for the dried 
leaves and flowering tops of Eupato'rium perfolia'- 
tum, boneset, or thoroughwort. It is tonic and 
diaphoretic, and in larges doses emetic: used in 
general colds, dyspepsia, and general debility. 
Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). Fluidextractum 
EUPATOR ii*. E. cannabi'num, hemp agrimony, 
an herb, a native of Europe. It is said to be 
emetic and purgative, Eupatorin. E. nervo'- 
sum, a plant of tropical America, the bittersbush 
of Jamaica: said to be useful in smallpox, chol¬ 
era, typhoid, and hepatic congestion. E. purpu'- 
reum, joepye=weed, or gravebroot, a native of 
the United States, bearing purple flowers. It is 
said to be diuretic. t®u'pa-rin, a yellow, neutral, 
crystalline principle from E. purpu'reum. eu-pa- 
to'rin. I. Aglucosidefrom E. cannabi'num. 2. A 
precipitate from a tincture of E. perfolia'tum: it is 
emetic, aperient, tonic, and febrifuge. Dose, 
0.065 to 0-25 Gm. (i to 4 grs.). 

eu-pep'sia, eu-pep'sy. The healthy condition of 
the digestive organs. 

eu"per-i-stal'sis. The normal peristaltic move¬ 
ments of health. 

eu-pha'gi a. The correct manner of taking food. 

eu'pho-ny. An agreeable sound; also a normal or 
agreeable voice. i^Dysphonia. [< £p good -f 
<po)vi/ voice or sound.] 

Euphor'bia. A genus of euphorbiaceous herbs, 
shrubs, and trees. E. corolla'ta, largesflowering 
spurge, has an emetic root, ts- Euphorbin. E. 
drummon'di is an Australian plant, which af¬ 
fords DRUMMiNE. E. hypericifo'lia is astrin¬ 
gent and tonic. The root of E. ipecacuan'ha 
is emetic. E. officina'lis and E. resinif'era 
are sources of euphorbium. E. pilulif'era is an 
herbaceous species, found in various hot coun¬ 
tries. E. resinif'era, a plant of Morocco, yields 
euphorbium. [< Euphorbus the name of a 
noted physician.] teu-phor'bin, a resinoid or 
precipitate from the tincture of the root of E. 
corolla'ta. It is emetic, expectorant, and arterial 
sedative. Dose, 0.13 to 0.26 Gm. (2 to 4 grs.). 

eu-phor'bi um or euphorbiae gummisresina, a resin¬ 
ous substance obtained from E. resinif'era and 
perhaps other species. It has an acrid, burning 
taste, and is soluble in alcohol and oils. It is a 
drastic purgative, too violent to be taken inter¬ 
nally. Externally it is used as a rubefacient. 

eu-pho'ria. ‘ i. The feeling of good health or com¬ 
fort. 2. Endurance of pains; courage and man¬ 
ful spirit during an illness or a surgical operation. 
[< ev(f>opia.'] 

eu'pho-rin. Phenyl urethane, CgHnO,, a white 
crystalline powder similar in its actions tQ 
jEthylis carbamas* and used as an antipyretic 
antiseptic, and analgesic. Dose, 0.5 to i Gm. (8 
■to 15 g^s-)- It should not be confused with euro- 

PHEN. 

Euphra^sia officina^s. A scrophulariaceous herb; 
euphrasy; eyebright; used in conjunctivitis and 
in nasal catarrh. Dose, 0.6 Cc. (10 mins.) of 
concentrated tincture. 


EUPHTHALMINE 


329 


EVAPORATION 


euphthalmine (iuf-thal'mtn). A mandelic acid de¬ 
rivative of beta*eucaine, which in 5% solution 
quickly dilates the pupil by paralyzing the oculo¬ 
motor nerve. The hydrochloride is also used, 
eu-phyl'lin. A diuretic. 

eu-pi'one. A colorless liquid obtained by distilla¬ 
tion from the tar of animal matters. [ < tv well 
or fine-f ttIov fat.] 

eu-pit'tone. A yellow, crystalline compound, C25- 
^2609* formed by oxidizing wood*tar oil; eupit- 
tonic acid; methylaurin. / 

eu-plas'tic. Becoming formed or organized easily: 
applied to the elaborated organizable matter by 
which the tissues of the body are renewed. E. 
l3rmph = plastic lymph. [< ew well-f 7rAdcr<f 
formation.] 

eu-pnoe'a. Easy or normal respiration. [< ev 
good, easy + ttvsIv to breathe.] 
eu-pur'pu-rin. An oleoresinous substance obtain¬ 
able from Eupato'rium purpu'reum. It has 
diuretic properties. 

eu-py'rine. A compound of vanillin ethybcarbon- 
ate and paraphenetidin: a stimulant antipyretic. 
Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). 
eu-quin'ine. =Euchinin. 

eu're-sol. Resorcinol monacetate: used externally 
in 5 to 20% ointments or in acetone, 
eu-rhyth'my, eu-rhy th'mi a. Regularity of the pulse, 
eu-ro'bin. Chrysarobin triacetate: used in i to 20% 
solution in acetone in psoriasis and other skin 
diseases. 

Eu-ro-pe'an cholera. = Cholera morbus. 
eu'ro-phen. A yellow powder proposed as a sub¬ 
stitute for iodoform: analogous to thymolis 
lODiDUM*. It is diisohutylorthocresoliodide, 2(0^- 
Hg.CgHgO.CHj)!!!, containing about 28% of 
iodine. Used in the form of a dusting powder 
and as a I to 10% ointment. It is also used in¬ 
ternally and hypodermically in constitutional 
syphilis, in dose of 0.03 to o.i Gm. to grs.). 
Do not confuse with euphorin. E.saristol, a 
mixture of europhen and aristol. 

Euro'tia lana^ta. The wintersfat, or white sage, a 
valuable forage^plant of the Western United 
States, locally used in malarial affections. 
Euro^tium. A genus of Fun'gi similar to Aspergil¬ 
lus. E. aspergiVlus glau'cus = Aspergillus 
GLAUCUS. E. re'pens forms in bread and pre¬ 
served fruit. [< evpuq mud.] 
cu-ry-ce-phal'ic. Having a broad head. [ < evpvg 
broad -}- KE<pa?.^ head.] 

eu-ry-chas'mus. A skull in which the angle be¬ 
tween lines from the point of the wing of the 
vomer to the posterior nasal spine and the an¬ 
terior edge of the foramen magnum is between 
153° and 154®. [< evpv^ broad -f- chasm.] 

eu-ryc-ne'mi a. An abnormal wideness of the 
upper part of the tibia. 

eu-ry-gna'thous. Having a broad or wide jaw. 

[ < evpvg broad -f yvddog jaw.] teu-ry-gna'thism. 
eu'ry on. A craniometrical point situated at either 
end of the greatest transverse diameter of the 
skull. [< evpvg broad.] 

cu-rys'ma. Dilation; a structure which has be¬ 
come dilated. [ < evpvveiv to dilate.] 
eu-ryth'rol. An aqueous extract of the substance 
of the spleen: used in chlorosis and anaemia, 
eu-sco'pol. Optically inactive scopolamine hydro¬ 
bromide: used as a sedative in insanity and ner¬ 
vous affections. 

eu-som'pha-lus. A double monstrosity each indi¬ 
vidual of which has its own umbilical cord and 


performs its own vital functions. [< ev well 4- 
op<j)a?i 6 g navel.] 

eu-sta'chi an artery. A branch of the pterygopala¬ 
tine artery to the eustachian tube. E. canal, a 
canal in the petrous portion of the temporal 
bone for the passage of the eustachian tube. E. 
catheter, a fine tube with a slight curve at the 
distal end. It is introduced through the nose 
along the nasal fossa into the mouth of the 
eustachian tube. E. tube, a tube or canal about 
36 mm. (i| ins.) long extending from behind the 
soft palate to the tympanum of the ear; tuba 
auditiva [Eustachii]*. E. valve, the semilunar 
fold of the lining membrane of the right auricle, 
anterior to the opening of the inferior vena cava. 
[< B. Eusiachius, an Italian anatomist, 1520- 
1574] teu-sta-chi'tis. 

Eustron'gylus gi'gas. =Strongylus gigas. 
eu-sys'to-le. A normal cardiac systole, 
eu-tex'ia. i. The condition of being stable or well 
combined: said of chemicals. [<£t' well -f reKreLv 
to produce.] 2. The condition or quality of melt¬ 
ing or fusing at low temperattxres. [ < ev well 4 - 
rfjKeiv to melt.] feu-tec'tic. 
eu-tha-na'si a. An easy death; the production of 
death by painless means. [ < ev well 4- ddvarog 
death.] 

eu-the'sia. Soundness of body; normal condition 
in regard to health. [< evdeaia literally good 
position.] 

eu'thy-. Denoting straightness: a combining form. 
[<^ evdvg straight.] — eu-thy-cor'y-phus, a term 
for a skull whose parietal angle is between 142® 
and 151®.— eu-thy-me-to'pus, a term for a skull 
in which the angle between lines from the meto- 
pion to the bregma and the nasion is from 141° 
to 151.5®.— eu'thy-o-pis-tho-cra'ni us, a term for 
a skull in which the angle at the highest point of 
the skull between lines from the occipital point 
and the external occipital protuberance is be¬ 
tween 154® and 172°.— eu-thy-u'ra-nus, a term 
for a skull in which the angle at the roof of the 
palate is from 163.5® to 180°. 
cu-thym'ia. Ease or tranquillity of mind; a good 
condition of the mental faculties. [ < eu well 4- 
6 vp 6 g mind.] 

eu-thy'mol. A proprietary antiseptic containing 
eucalyptus and thymol. 

eu-to'ci a. Easy, safe, and natural parturition. [ < 
evTOKta.] 

eu-tro'phi a. The condition of being well nourished. 

[ < evTpo(j>ia, fr. rpe^eiv to nourish.] t®u-troph'ic. 
I. Well nourished. 2. Nutritious, 
eu-xan'thic acid. = Purreic acid, feu-xan'thate. 
eu-xan'thin. = Indian yellow. 
e-vac'u-ant. Having the property of increasing 
discharges from the bowels, bladder, etc. The 
principal evacuants are emetics, cathartics, diu¬ 
retics, diaphoretics, and expectorants. [< L. 
evac'uans, fr. evacua're to empty.] t®"Vac-u-a'- 
tion. I. ^he act of discharging the contents of the 
bowels, or defecation. 2. The discharge itself: a 
dejection or stool, e-vac'u-ator, an instrument 
for emptying, especially an apparatus for wash¬ 
ing out solid matter from the bladder, 
ev-a-nes'cent. Transitory; vanishing; disappear- 
[ < L. evanes'cere to vanish.] 
e-vap-o-ra'tion. The conversion of a liquid into 
a vapor. [ < L. ^ out 4- vapora're to steam, to 
send out vapor.] t®"V®P'0“rate. e-vap-o-rom'- 
e-ter, an instrument for estimating the amount 
of evaporation. 


EVECTICS 


330 


EXCAVATION 


e-vec'tics. An old name for that branch of medi¬ 
cine which treats of the methods of acquiring a 
good bodily habit. [< evsKTiKog of good habit.] 
e-ven-i-ma'tion, -o-ma'tion. The process of coun¬ 
teracting the effects of a venom. [< L. c from 

-t-VENOM.] 

eve'ning primrose. = Oenothera biennis. 
e-ven-tra'tion. i. The condition of a monster* 
foetus in which the abdominal viscera are ex¬ 
truded from the natural cavity and enclosed in 
a projecting membranous sac. 2. The more or 
less complete escape of the bowels from the ab¬ 
domen through a wound. 3. Ventral hernia. 4. 
Pendulousness of the abdomen, often due to^ 
having borne many children. [< L. e out of-t- 
ven'ter the belly.] Evisceration; exentera¬ 
tion; LAPAROCELE. 

Ev'er-itt’s salt. A compound of iron and potas¬ 
sium cyanide. E.’s test, a test for opium made 
by adding first a solution of ferric chloride, 
which will turn it red, and then a solution of 
mercuric chloride, which will not alter the color if 
due to opium. 

ev-er-las'ting. i^Antennaria margaritacea. 
Ever'nia prunas'ti. A lichen once used in dyeing 
and for making a hair*powder. It yields ev-er'- 
nic acid, Cj^HjgO^, a crystalline substance; ev- 
er'ni-in, an amorphous substance, CgHj^O^; and 
ev-er-nin'ic acid, a crystalline acid, CgHjQ04. 
e-ver-ric'u-lum. A scoopslike instrument for re¬ 
moving the fragments after lithotomy. 
e-ver'sion. A turning outward; ectropia. E. ap¬ 
paratus. I. An apparatus for correcting club* 
foot. 2. An ectropion forceps. E. of the eyelid, 
ectropion. [< L. ^ out-I- ver'tere to turn.] 
dvidement (e-vid-mofi). The operation of scooping 
out, as bones in caries or necrosis. [F.] 
ev'i-dence. That which tends to prove or disprove 
the point at issue; in law including admissible 
TESTIMONY, exhibits, etc. 

ev-i-ra'tion. i. Castration. 2. Perversion of the 
sexual instinct in man by which his feelings 
become those of a woman. Defemination; 
HOMOSEXUAL. [ < L. c out-f wV man.] 
e-vis-ce-ra'tion. Taking the bowels or viscera out 
of the body. E. of the eye, the removal of the 
contents of the eye, the sclerotic being left in 
place: an operation substituted for enucleation. 
Obstetric e., removal of the abdominal viscera 
of the foetus in embryotomy. E. of the orbit, 
the scooping out of all the contents of the orbit, 
including its lining of periosteum. [< L. ^ out 
-t- vis'cus bowel.] 

ev-o-lu'tion. i. = Development. 2. The en¬ 
largement and special form of development seen 
in the uterus during pregnancy. Spontaneous e., 
the natural delivery and unfolding of a child at 
birth. 3. In biology, the process by which any 
living organism has acquired its distinguishing 
morphological and physiological characteristics. 
[< L. ^ out -1- vol'vere to roll.] 
e-vul'sion. The act or process of drawing out for¬ 
cibly. E. of the nerves, a method of treatment 
in persistent neuralgias in which the nerves when 
laid bare are grasped by an instinment, on turn¬ 
ing which they are slowly drawn out. [< L. e 
out -|- vel'lere to pluck, to pull.] 

E'wald’s test. =Siewer’s test. 

E'wart’s sign. Elevation of the clavicle, in marked 
pericardial effusion, to such an extent that the 
upper margin of the first rib can be felt with the 
finger, as far as the sternum. 


ex. A Latin preposition signifying “out” ot 
“forth,” “out of,” “from,” “beyond.” Some¬ 
times it is privative. Ex- is usually changed to 
ef- before a word beginning with /, as cfferens for 
exferens. Before the liquids, I, m, n, r, and also 
before b and v, e- is used instead of ex-. 
ex-ac-er-ba'tion. i. An increased force or severity 
of the symptoms of a disease. 2. The stage or 
time of periodical aggravation in certain fevers. 
[ < L. exacerba're to become severe.] 
ex-ag'ge-ra-ted breathing. An intensified degree of 
normal vesicular breathing, occurring normally 
in children, but in adults indicating increased 
action of one part of the lungs to compensate 
for deficient action in another part. E. ego, is" 
egomania; megalomania. E. lithotomy position 
= Simon’s position. 

ex-al'gin. A poisonous principle, methylacetani- 
lide, CgHjjNO. It resembles antipyrine in ac¬ 
tion, but has much stronger analgesic effects 
and less power in reducing the temperature. It 
is said to relieve pain and diminish the sugar in 
diabetic urine. Dose, 0.032 to 0.26 Gm. to 4 
grs.). [< out -I- aXyog pain.] 
ex-al-ta'tion. A morbid condition of mind in 
which the patient has delusions of a happy cast; 
delirium of grandeur; ecstatic spiritual elevation 
due to cerebral disorder. 

ex-am-i-na'tion. A process in the diagnosis of a 
disease (manual, instrumental, physical, oral, or 
other) with a view to the acquisition of the 
special knowledge of facts necessary to a judg¬ 
ment in a particular case. 

ex-an-gi'a, ex-an-gei'a. Any disease in which the 
large vessels are ruptured or unnaturally dis¬ 
tended. [< out -f ayyeiov vessel.] 
ex-a'ni a. A prolapsus or falling down of the anus. 

Archoptoma. [< L. ex out -t- a'nus.] 
ex-an'them. = Exanthema. 

ex-an-the'ma, pi. exanthem'ata. A rash or eruption 
on the skin; eisanthema. This term is restricted 
to the eruptive fevers called the exanthemata, 
which are acute, specific, infectious diseases, 
namely, variola, varicella, dengue, scarlet fever, 
typhus, typhoid fever, Rotheln, measles, erysipe¬ 
las, and glanders. E. balsa'micum, erythematous 
or roseolar spots due to the excessive use of 
balsams, especially copaiba. E. caeru'leum, 
MACUL.E C.ERULE.E. [< to break out in 

pustules.] tex-an-the-ma-tol'o-gy, the science 
of exanthemata, ex-an-them'a-tous, ex-an-the- 
mat'ic, as E. conjunctivitis, conjunctivitis: 
E. fever, 1®* exanthema: E. synovitis, ^synovi¬ 
tis; and E. typhus, the ordinary typhus, 
ex-an-the'sis, ex-an-this'ma. = Exanthema. 
ex-an-thro'pi a. = Apanthropia. [< from -f- 
avbpoTToq man.] t®x-an-throp'ic. 
ex-ar-te-ri'tis. Inflammation of the external coat 
of an artery. 

ex-ar-thro'sis, ex-ar-thro'ma. = Luxation. 
ex-ar-tic-u-la'tion. The removal of a limb at a 
joint; disarticulation, fex-ar-tic'u-late. 
ex-car-na'tion. The removal of superfluous car 
neous structures from an anatomical prepara¬ 
tion. [< L. ex out -f ca'ro flesh.] 
ex-ca-va'tion. i. The act of hollowing out or 
making a hollow. 2. A hollow or cavity. E. of 
the optic nerve, depression of the optic disk 
below the level of the retina. It may be congen¬ 
ital or physiological, and is then without signifi¬ 
cance; or pathogenic, when caused by atrophy of 
the optic nerve {atrophic) or by glaucoma {glau 


EXCENTRIC 


331 


EXHIBIT 


comatous). [< L. ex out + cava're to hollow.] 
tex-ca-va'tor, a dental instrument for excavat¬ 
ing carious teeth and shaping cavities, 
ex-cen'tric. = Eccentric. 

ex-cer-e-bra'tion. The removal of the brain of the 
foetus in embryotomy. 

ex-ces'sive. Beyond the usual or normal in quality 
or quantity. E. appetite = bulimia. E. lacta¬ 
tion = GALACTORRHCEA. E. menstruation = men¬ 
orrhagia. 

ex-cip'i ent. An inert substance in which active 
drugs or medicines are incorporated or dissolved 
to give them pilular form or consistency for use. 
[< L. excip'ere to receive.] 
ex-ci'sion. The cutting out or cutting ofif of any 
part: applied especially to tumors. [< L. ex out 
or off + cce'dere to cut.] 

ex-ci-ta-bil'i-ty. The capacity of organized beings 
to be affected by certain agents termed stimuli, 
excitants, or exciting powers. [< L. excita're to 
call forth, to raise up.] 

ex-ci'ta-ble. Capable of being excited or stimu¬ 
lated to action. E. area, the motor area of the 
cortex cerebri. 

ex-ci'tant. i. Exciting; stimulating. 2. A medi¬ 
cine which stimulates the activity of an organ, 
ex-ci-ta'tion. The act of rousing, or quickening 
into active exercise, some power or susceptibility. 
Direct e., electric stimulation of a muscle by ap¬ 
plying the electrode over the muscle itself. Indi¬ 
rect e., electric stimulation of a muscle by ap¬ 
plying the electrode to the motor point of the 
muscle, fex-ci'ta-to-ry. 

ex-ci'ting cause. A cause which immediately ex¬ 
cites or produces a disease, 
ex-ci'to-. Relating to excitation: a combining form. 
[< L. excita're to rouse ] ex-ci'to-glan'du-lar, 
arousing or exciting glandular action.— ex-ci*- 
to-met-a-bol'ic, exciting metabolism. — ex-ci’to- 
mo'tor, -mo'to-ry, exciting or relating to muscular 
or reflex action, as E. area, the motor area of 
the cerebral cortex: and E. power, a peculiar 
power or property seated in the spinal system 
of nerves, by which, if their extremities be ex¬ 
cited, the impression is conveyed to the spinal 
marrow and reflected from it to the part or limb 
excited.— ex-ci*to-mus'cu-lar, exciting muscular 
action.— ex-ci'to-nu'tri ent, exciting nutrition.— 
ex-ci'to-re'flex nerve, an afferent nerve which 
awakens the latent forces of a nerve-centre and 
thus produces a reflex muscular action.— ex-ci*- 
to-se-cre'to-ry, exciting secretion. — ex-cido- 
vas'cu-lar, causing vascular change, 
ex'clave. A portion of an organ (as the pancreas 
or an ovary) detached from the main organ. [< 
L. ex out -\-cla'vis key.] 

ex-clu'sion, diagnosis by. Diagnosis. E. of the 
pupil, annular synechia. 

ex-coch-le-a'tion. The scraping out of a cavity 
with a curette. [< L. ex out + coch'lea spoon.] 
ex-co-ri-a'tion. Abrasion or removal, partial or com¬ 
plete, of the skin. [ < E. ex from 4- co'rium skin.] 
ex'cre-ment. Originally, anything that is excreted: 
usually applied to the alvine faeces. [< L. excer'- 
nere to excrete.] fex'cre-men-ti'tious. 
ex-cres'cence. Any preternatural formation on 
any part of the body; a tumor formed on the 
surface. [ < L. excres'cere to grow out of.] 
ex-cre'ta. The excretions of the body: sometimes 
used as designating the faeces and urine, 
ex^cre-tin. A substance, CgyHggO, found very spar¬ 
ingly in human faeces. It resembles cholesterin. 


ex-cre'tion. i. The separation of those substances 
from the blood which are no longer of use, as 
urine, sweat, etc. ^Secretion. 2. Any such 
substance itself, fex-crete'. 
ex-cre-tol'ic acid. A fatty acid found in the faeces. 

[< L. excre'tio excretion -I- o'leum oil.] 
ex-cre'to-ry or ex'cre-to-ry. Having the power of 
separating and throwing off what is superfluous; 
belonging to excretion. E. ducts, small vessels 
that conduct the secretion out of a gland. E. 
gland, any gland secreting excrementitious mat¬ 
ter. E. tubule, that portion of the collecting 
tube of a uriniferous tubule which receives no 
branches and empties into the pelvis of the kidney, 
ex-cur'rent. Running out; centrifugal; deferent: 
applied to nerves, canals, and vessels. [ < L. ex 
out -t- cur'rere to run.] 

ex-cur'sion. A running or wandering away, as of 
the eyes from the mid position, 
ex-cur-va'tion. A bending outward; outward cur¬ 
vature. {<.E. ex out-f curva'tio bending.] 
ex-der-mop-to'sis. Hypertrophy of subcutaneous 
sebaceous glands, with retention of secretion, 
occurring usually on the genital organs, 
out + dep/Lia skin -|- Trrojaig falling.] 
ex-eMent. Eating away tissue; rodent. [<.E. ex 
out + e'dere to eat.] 

ex-en-ceph'a-lo-cele. Cerebral hernia. [ < out 
-t- £yKC(j)alog brain 4- kt/Titj hernia.] 
ex-en-ceph'a-lus. A monstrosity having an im¬ 
perfect cranium, with the brain on the outside, 
fex-en-ce-pha'li a. ex-en-ceph'a-lous. 
ex-en-te-ra'tion. The removal of the entrails and 
viscera; the emptying of any cavity of its con¬ 
tents. E. of the eye = evisceration of the 
EYE. [< out 4 - Evrepov inside.] 
ex-en-te-ri'tis. Inflammation of the outer coat of 
the intestines. [< out-f EVTEpov intestine.] 
ex'er-cise. The use of any part, but especially of 
any muscular structure. Exercise may be active 
or passive, functional or voluntary; but the term 
is generally applied to active and voluntary 
movement. E. bone, a bony growth due to ossi¬ 
fication of the perimysia, fascia, tendons, and 
intramuscular connective tissue, as a result of 
over-exercise, Cavalry bone. 
ex-e'sion. The gradual superficial destruction of 
parts, especially bones, due to ulcerative and other 
destructive processes. [< L. exe'dere to corrode.] 
ex-foe-ta'tion. Extra-uterine foetation. [< L. ex 
out or without 4 - foe'tus.'\ 

ex-fo-li-a'tion. The separation or scaling off of a 
dead piece of bone from the living; the separa¬ 
tion of patches of skin or of mucous membrane 
from a surface. E. of the tongue == geographi¬ 
cal TONGUE. [< L. ex from or off + fo'lium 
leaf.] tex-fo'li-a-tive, as E. cystitis, cystitis. 
ex-ha-la'tion. i. The giving off of vapor. 2. The 
vapor or fumes given off, as that expired from 
the lungs or given off from the surface of the 
body. [< E.fcxhala're to send forth a breath.] 
tex-ha'lant, giving off fumes; exhaling, 
ex-haus'tion. Privation of energy. It is a phe¬ 
nomenon which all irritable tissues can be made 
to manifest, and consists in a failure to respond 
to stimulation. E. paralysis, functional paralysis 
due to exhaustion from overwork. [< L. ex out 
4- hauri're to drain.] 

ex-hib'it. i. To administer or give to a patient some 
medicine or medicinal substance. 2. In law, 
an article or document produced in court as evi¬ 
dence. [ < L. exhihe're to show or exhibit.] 


EXHIBITIONISM 


332 


EXO- 


ex-hi-bi'tion-ism. A form of sexual perversity 
marked by an insane desire to exhibit the geni¬ 
tal organs. i-®^“hi"^i^tion-ist. 
ex-hil'a-rant. An agent that exhilarates or en¬ 
livens, [< L. exhtlara're to make cheerful.] 
ex-hu-ma'tion. The digging up of a dead body 
after burial. [< L. ex out-H hu'mus grounc^.J 
Ex'ner’s method. A method for staining th^; med- 
ullated nervesfibres in the gray matte* of the 
brain. A piece of the cerebral cortex Is placed 
in a 1% osmic acid solution, renewed every day 
for from five to ten days: it is then washed, 
treated with alcohol, and embedded. The sec¬ 
tions on the slide are treated with ammonia, 
when the fibres appear stained black. E.’s 
plexus, a layer of nerve ^plexuses lying in the 
cerebral cortex, probably forming the union of 
the cerebral sensory and motor systems, 
ex'o-. Denoting without, outside, out: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< without.] ex-o-car'di a, ab¬ 
normal position of the heart. — ex-o-car'di al, 
-diac, external to the heart, as E. murmur, a 
heart=murmur produced outside of the heart’s cav¬ 
ities, as a pericardial murmur.— ex’o-car-di'tis, 
inflammation of the pericardial covering of the 
heart.— ex-oc-cip'i-tal, external to the occiput, 
as E. bone, the condyloid process of the occipital 
bone: and E. fissure, a fissure on the lateral sur¬ 
face of the cerebrum between the occipital and 
temporal regions; ape fissure.— ex-o-cho'ri on, 
that portion of the chorion which is derived 
from the ectoderm. — ex-o-ccB'lar, situated on 
the outer wall of the bodyscavity; somatopleu¬ 
ral.— ex'o-coB-la'ri um, &• ccelarium. — ex-o-coe'- 
lum, the extrasembryonic 
cavity, shut off by the 
somatic and splanchnic 
stalks at the umbilicus.— 
ex’o-co-li'tis, inflammation 
of the outermost or perito¬ 
neal coat of the colon.— 
ex-o-cra'ni um, the outer 
surface of the skull.— ex- 
o-cys'tis, prolapse of the 
bladder into the urethra.— 
ex'o-derm. i. The epider¬ 
mis. 2. The ectoderm.— 
ex-od'ic, proceeding out 
of the spinal marrow or 
nerve-centres; centrifugal; 
efferent.— ex'o-din, diace- 
tylrufigallic acid tetra- 
methylether, an odorless, 
tasteless, synthetic cathar¬ 
tic. Dose, children, 0.5 
Gm. (7^ grs.); adults, i to 
15 Gm. (15 to 220 grs.).— 
ex’o-don-to'sis = exosto¬ 
sis DENTiuM. — ex'o-dyne, 
a mixture of acetanilide, 
sodium salicylate, and so¬ 
dium bicarbonate. It is 
anodyne and antipyretic. 

— ex‘o-gas-tri'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of the outermost 
or peritoneal coat of the 
stomach.— ex'o-gen, i^en- 
DOGEN. —ex-o-gen'ic, ex-o- 
ge-net'ic, ex-og'e-nous, de¬ 
veloped outside of the body, as E. aneurism, aneu¬ 
rism due to traumatism or a wound: E. disease — 
EXOPATHv: and E. toxicosis, poisoning of the 


system due to the action of poisonous elements 
taken into the system with the food.— ex-o-gna'- 
thi on, the alveolar process of the upper jaw.— ex- 
og-no'sis. I, Diagnosis by exclusion. [<£^out-f- 
yiyvojGKEiv to recognize.] 2. Physical diagnosis. 
[< e^o) without, outside of.] — Exogo'nium pur'ga, 
i^jALAPA*. — ex-o-hys'ter-o-pex-y, the fixation 
of the uterus to the abdominal wall.— ex-o-me'- 
tra, falling of the womb; inversion of the womb. 

— ex'O-me-tri'tis, inflammation of the outermost 
or peritoneal surface of the uterus.— ex-om'- 
phal-o-cele, ex-om'pha-los, -lus, umbilical hernia. 

— ex-on-co'ma, a projecting tumor.— ex-o-neu'- 

ral, situated outside of the nervous system.— 
ex-op'a-thy, a disease originating in some cause 
lying primarily outside of the organism, Au- 
TOPATHY. fex-o-path'ic. — ex-o-pho'ri a, a ten¬ 

dency of the visual 
axis outward, 
pho'ric.— ex-oph- 
thaPmos, -mus, -mi a, 
a swelling and pro- 
tnision of the eyeball 
out of the orbit, as 
in Graves’s disease. 

EnOPHTH ALMOS. 
tex-oph-thal'mic, as 
E. goitre, a disease 
marked by protru¬ 
sion of the eyes, en¬ 
larged thyroid gland, 
anaemia, and over¬ 
action (palpitation) 
of the heart; Graves’s disease; Basedow’s disease. 
There are probably accompanying lesions of the 
sympathetic nerves, Mobius’s symptom. — 
ex-oph-thal-mom'e-ter, an instrument for meas¬ 
uring the degree of exophthalmos.— ex'o-plasm 
= ECTOPLASM. — ex-o-pleu'ral pulse, a pulsation 
in pulsating pleurisy that can be seen with the 
unaided eye.— ex-or'bi-tism = exophthalmos. — 
ex-o-rhi'nus, a term for a skull in which the 
angle between lines from the nasion to the alveo¬ 
lar point and the rhinion is from i°to 20.5°.— 
ex-or'mi a, any papular disease of the skin.— ex- 
o-sep'sis, septic poisoning not originating within 
the system.— ex-o-skel'e-ton = dermoskeleton, 
def. 2.— ex-os-mo'sis, 
ex'os-mose. i. A 
movement in liquids 
separated by a mem¬ 
branous partition, by 
which their principles 
are interchanged. 2. 

The liquid passing out¬ 
ward. &■ Endomosis. 
fex-os-mot'ic; ex-os'- 
mic.— ex-o-splen'o- 
pex-y, the suturing of 
the spleen to the ab¬ 
dominal wall.— ex'o- 
spore, a non-sexual 
spore or conidium. — 
ex-o-spo'ri um, the ex¬ 
ternal layer of the en¬ 
velope surrounding a 
spore. — ex-os-to'sis, 
ex-os-to'ma, an exu¬ 
berant growth of bony 
matter on the surface of a bone; the enlarge¬ 
ment of a part or the whole of a bone. When 
the neoplasm consists of a porous mass clinging 


portion of the body- 



Exogen. — Transverse 
section of stem show¬ 
ing layer of open vas¬ 
cular bundles between 
cortex and medulla, 
with cambium layer 
running through 
them. a. Cortex, b. 
Phloem, c. Cambium. 
d. Xylem. e. Pith. 




Exostosis of Tibia. 
(Drawn from a skiagraph.) 












EXOTIC 


333 


EXSANGUINITY 


loosely to the bone it is called osteophyte; 
when it is in the shape of a more general spindle* 
formed outgrowth, periostosis; and when an ex¬ 
tended regular thickening of the bone, hyperosto¬ 
sis. E. cartilagin'ea, exostosis of cartilaginous 
origin near the joints of long bones. E. den'tium, 
a bony growth arising from the root of a tooth 
and extending upward so as to cover the surface 
of the tooth wholly or partially. E. ebur'nea, 
exostosis in which the bonessubstance is de¬ 
posited in hard concentric lamellae around the 
smallest protuberances. E. medullo'sa, exostosis 
with the formation of marrow*tissue. t®X"OS- 
tctdc.— ex-o-ter'ic. i. A term applied to vital 
phenomena which result from causes external to 
the organism. 2. Ectoblastic.— ex-o’ter-o-rhi'- 
nus, a term for a skull in which the angle be¬ 
tween lines from the nasion to the alveolar point 
and the rhinion is from 22.5° to 45°.— ex-ot'e-ry 
= EXOPATHY. — ex-o-ther'mic, relating to the 
liberation of heat: said of those compounds 
whose formation from elementary substances is 
attended with the development of heat.— ex*o- 
thy-ro-pex'i a, ex-o-thy'ro-pex-y, the operative 
displacement of a goitre outwardly.— ex-o-tox'in, 
a toxin liberated by bacteria during their disin¬ 
tegration, after their death.— ex-o-tro'pi a, diver¬ 
gent strabismus. 

ex-ot'ic. Foreign; belonging to what is without or 
beyond the limits of our own country: applied 
to diseases. [< L. exot'icus, fr. without.] 

fex-ot'i-co-ma'ni a, excessive love for anything 
foreign. 

ex-o'to-spore. The malarial germ which is brought 
into the human organism by the bite of the 
mosquito; oxyspore: so named because formed 
outside of the body. 

ex-pan-si-bil'i-ty. Capability of being expanded or 
dilated. [< L. ex out -f pan'dere to spread.] 
fex-pan'sile, as E. pulsation. 
ex-pan'sion. The act of expanding; an increase in 
size, bulk, or volume. The increase may take 
place in length alone {linear e.), in both length 
and breadth {superficial e.), or in length, breadth, 
and thickness {cubical e.). fex-pan'sive, as E. 
delirium —'D'E'Li'Rixju op grandeur. 
ex-pec'tant. Awaiting or expecting. E. treatment, 
treatment of conditions as they present them¬ 
selves, without any definite plan. [ < L. expec- 
ta're to wait for.] 

ex-pec-ta'tion of life. In life*insurance, the length 
of life to which a healthy person of any given 
age may reasonably expect to attain, according 
to published statistical tables. Curtate e. of 1., 
the number of whole or completed years in the 
expectation of a life. 

ex-pec'to-rant. i. Facilitating or promoting the 
ejection of mucus or other fluids from the lungs 
and the trachea. 2. An expectorant medicine. 
[< L. ex out, from -t- pec'tus breast.] 
ex-pec-to-ra'tion. i. The act of ejecting from the 
lungs or the trachea by spitting. 2. The sub¬ 
stance ejected. 

ex-pel'lant. A medicine which drives out the 
materies morbi. [< L. expel'lere to drive out.] 
ex-pe'ri-enced touch. =Tactus eruditus. 
ex-per'i-ment. A trial; an act or operation per¬ 
formed in order to discover some truth or law of 
nature. [< L. experimen'tum.'\ fex-per-i-men'- 
tal, as E. medicine, medicine based on the obser¬ 
vations of the effect of therapeutic agents upon 
lower animals: and E. pathology, pathology 


studied through artificially induced diseases in 
the lower animals. 

expert (ecs-pert' or ^cs'p^rt). One remarkably 
skilled in any department of knowledge, especi¬ 
ally a person chosen on account of great skill, 
training, or knowledge to examine or report in 
court his opinion in regard to special facts, these 
often being based on a hypothetical question. E. 
testimony. Testimony given in court, usually 
as to opinion only, by one especially skilled in 
the subject under consideration, the facts usually 
being embodied in a hypothetical question which 
assumes these statements to be true. 

ex-pi-ra'tion. The act of breathing out or expel¬ 
ling air from the lungs. Prolonged e., a sign of 
catarrhal compression or infiltration of the 
smaller bronchi which causes the inspired air to 
be emitted slowly. [< L. exspira're to breathe 
forth.] teX"Pi'ra-to-ry. ex-pire'. i. To expel 
the breath. 2. To die. ex-pired', asE. air, the 
air expelled during expiration. 

ex-plo-ra'tion. i. The investigation of the physical 
signs attending disease by means of auscultation, 
inspection, mensuration, palpation, and percus¬ 
sion. 2. A search, usually by the aid of incision, 
for a source of irritation, as a foreign body, etc. 
[< L. explora're to search diligently.] teX“PlO“ 
ra'tor, a probe or other exploring instrument, 
ex-plor'a-to-ry, as E. incision, incision of the tis¬ 
sues to search for a foreign body, etc., or into a 
cavity for the purpose of examining its contents: 
E. puncturation, the puncture of a cavity or 
tumor in order to withdraw some of its contents 
to learn their character: and E. trocar, a trocar 
particularly adapted for exploratory puncture, 
ex-plor'ing, as E. needle, a needle used for per¬ 
forming an exploratory puncturation. 

ex-plo'sion. i. A sudden expansion or bursting 
with a loud noise; the sudden and violent ex¬ 
pansion of a compound or body caused by heat 
or chemical action. 2. Sudden occurrence of 
violent symptoms; supposed sudden emission of 
energy from a nervescell or group of cells. [ < 
L. explo'dere to drive out with clapping.] t®x- 
plo'sive, as E. speech, sudden and explosive 
enunciation of words. 

ex-po'sure. i. Subjection to climatic influences or 
to the risk of infection. 2. The laying bare of a 
part to view; the state of being exposed to view. 

ex-pres'sion. i. The process of forcing out the 
juices and oils of plants by means of a press. 
E. of the placenta, the act of assisting the expul¬ 
sion of the placenta by manual pressure on the 
abdominal walls. 2. The manifestation of the 
feelings by the countenance, attitude, or gesture, 
or by the utterance of words. 

ex-pul'sion. i. The act of voiding the bowels or 
bladder. 2. The delivery of the placenta: also the 
extrusion of an immature foetus. [< L. ex out 
+ pel'lere, pul'sum to drive.] as E. 

bandage, a bandage applied so as to expel pus or 
other fluid: E. gingivitis, inflammation of the 
gums with gradual expulsion of the tooth from 
its socket: E. pains, labor*pains occurring dur¬ 
ing the expulsive stage and accomplishing the 
expulsion of the foetus: and E. stage, that stage 
of labor which follows complete dilatation of the 
uterine cervix, during which expulsion of the 
foetus takes place. 

ex-san-guin'i-ty. The state of being without blood; 
anaemia, ex-san'gui-nate, to make bloodless, ex- 
san'guine, ex-san-guin'eous, anaemic. 


EXSCREATION 


334 


EXTERNAL 


i;x-scre-a'tion. The act of hawking, or clearing 
the throat of mucus. [ < L. ex out + screa're to 
hawk.] 

ex-sec'tion. = Excision. [< L. ex out seca're 
to cut.] tex-sec'tor, an instrument for perform¬ 
ing exsection. 

ex-sic-ca'tion. The process of drying moist bodies 
by applying heat or atmospheric air, or absorb¬ 
ing the moisture by soft, spongy substances. 
[< L. exsicca're to dry up.] tex-sic'cant, causing 
dryness, as a remedy, 
ex'sic-ca-tor. = Desiccator. 

ex-spu-i'tion. Expectoration; spitting. [< L. ex- 
spu'ere to spit out.] “X 

ex'stro-phy. A turning inside out, especially a con¬ 
genital malformation in which, from deficiency 
in the abdominal wall, the bladder appears to be 
turned inside out, having the internal surface of 
the posterior paries open outwardly above the 
pubes. [< out + (jrpe^eiv to turn or twist.] 
ex-su-da'tion. = Exudation. 

Ext. Abbreviation for extract. 
ex-tem-po-ra'ne ous. Made at the time, without 
special preparation: said of medicines and pre¬ 
scriptions. E. formula, a formula for a prepara¬ 
tion not kept ready made, but made up at the 
time of dispensing. [< L. ex tern'pore on the spur 
of the moment.] 

ex-ten'sion. i. The pulling of a fractured limb in 
a direction from the trunk, to obviate retraction 
of the lower fragments; also similar treatment 
in dislocations. 2. A movement by which two 
parts of a limb are brought into the same straight 
line: the reverse of flexion. E. apparatus, an 
appliance for lengthening or straightening a con¬ 
tracted limb. E. stage, that stage of labor in 
which the fetal head is bent backward. [< L. 
ex out + ten'dere to stretch.] 
ex-ten'sor. i. An extender; any muscle that 
assists in extending a part. 2. Relating to an 
extensor muscle. E. bre'vis digito'rum ma'nus, 
an anomalous muscle from the ligamentous tissue 
on the back of the carpus to the tendons of the 
third, fourth, and fifth fingers. E. bre'vis digito'¬ 
rum pe'dis, “ short exten.sor of the toes,” a mus¬ 
cle situated on the back of the foot, having for 
its office to extend the first four toes. E. bre'vis 
hallu'cis, that part of the E. brevis digitorum 
that goes to the great toe. E. bre'vis poTlicis 
= E. PRiMi iNTERNODii poLLicis. E. car'pi 
radia'lis accesso'rius, an anomalous muscle aris¬ 
ing from the shaft of the humerus and inserted 
into the metacarpal bone of the thumb. E. car'pi 
radia'lis bre'vior, a muscle arising from the ex¬ 
ternal condyle of the humerus and inserted into 
the base of the third metacarpal. It extends 
the wrist. E. car'pi radia'lis interme'dius, an oc¬ 
casional muscle arising from the humerus, or 
from the radial. extensors, and passing to the 
second or third metacarpal bone. E. car'pi 
radia'lis lon'gior, a muscle arising from the lower 
part of the external condyloid ridge of the hu¬ 
merus and inserted into the base of the second 
metacarpal. It extends the wrist. E. car'pi 
ulna'ris, a muscle arising from the external con¬ 
dyle of the humerus, from the intermuscular 
septum, and from the fascia of the forearm, and 
inserted into the base of the fifth metacarpal. 
It extends the wri.st. E. coccy'gis, an occasional 
muscle arising from the sacrum and passing 
to the coccyx; sacrococcygeus posticus. It 
represents the extensor of the caudal vertebrae 


of the lower animals. E. commu'nis digito'rum, 
“ common extensor of the fingers,” a muscle of 
the posterior surface of the forearm, arising from 
the external condyle of the humerus, the tendons 
of which are inserted into the phalanges of the 
outer four fingers, which it extends. E. com¬ 
mu'nis digito'rum pe'dis, “common extensor of 
the toes,” a muscle situated on the anterior part 
of the leg and attached to the phalanges of the 
last four toes, which it extends. E. in'dicis, the 
muscle which extends the index finger. It arises 
from the back of the ulna and is inserted on the 
second and third phalanges of the index finger. 
E. lon'gus digito'rum pe'dis, a muscle arising from 
the outer tuberosity of the tibia and the shaft of 
the fibula and inserted into the phalanges of the 
outer four toes, which it extends. E. lon'gus 
pol'liciS=E. SECUNDI INTERNODII POLLICIS. E. 

me'dii dig'iti, an occasional muscle arising from 
the ulna or the posterior annular ligament and 
passing to the middle finger. E. min'imi dig'iti, 
a muscle arising from the fascia of the forearm 
and the intermuscular septum and inserted into 
the second and third phalanges of the little finger, 
which it extends. E. os'sis metacar'pi poTlicis, 
a muscle extending the thumb. It arises from 
the back of the radius and ulna and is inserted 
into the base of the metacarpal of the thumb 
and fascia. E. pri'mi interno'dii poTlicis, a mus¬ 
cle arising from the back of the radius and in¬ 
serted into the base of the first phalanx of the 
thumb, which it extends; E. brevis pollicis. E. 
pro'prius hallu'cis =E. proprius pollicis pedis. 
E. pro'prius min'imi dig'iti, an occasional muscle 
arising from the lower part of the ulna and in¬ 
serted into the base of the first phalanx of the 
little finger. E. pro'prius poTlicis pe'dis, a mus¬ 
cle on the anterior part of the leg: its office is to 
extend the great toe. E. secun'di interno'dii poT¬ 
licis, a muscle arising from the back of the ulna 
and inserted into the base of the last phalanx of 
the thumb, which it extends; E. longus pollicis. 
E. tetanus, tetanus in which the extensors act 
more powerfully than the flexors. 

ex-te'rior. Outward; situated on the surface or 
on the outside: opposed to interior. 

ex-te’ri-o-ra'tion. i . The mental or cerebral process 
by which a sensation is referred back to that 
part of the periphery where the impression was 
made. 2. The reference of a pain in the stump 
of an amputated limb to the part which has been 
cut off. 

ex-tern', ex-terne'. i. An outspatient. 2. One hav¬ 
ing to do with the treatment of patients in a 
hospital under the advice of another, but not 
living in the hospital as does the interne. 

ex-ter'nah Outward; extrinsic; the opposite of 

INTERNAL. E. absorption = CUTANECUS ABSORP¬ 
TION. E. aneurism, i. One located away from 
the large bodyscavities. 2. One entirely or verv 
largely without the inner coat of an artery. E. 
angle (of Mulder), the angle between Camper’s 
line and a line from the basi=occipital bone to 
the nasion. E. angular process, angular 
PROCESSES. E. auditory meatus = meatus acus- 
Ticus EXTERNus*. E. auditory nucleus = Dei- 
TERs’s NUCLEUS. E. capsule, a thin layer of white 
matter on the outer aspect of the lenticular 
nucleus of the brain; capsula externa*. E. carot- 
id, 0^ CAROTID ARTERY. E. Clot, t®* INTERNAL 

CLOT. E. cuneate nucleus, gtcuneate nucleus. 
E. disease, any disease affecting the external sur- 


EXTESTICULATE 


335 


EXTRACTUM 


face of the body and requiring treatment by 
external means or by surgical operation; extrin¬ 
sic disease; surgical disease. E. hemorrhage, 
hemorrhage occurring on the exterior surface of 
the body. E. hemorrhoid, hemorrhoid. E. 
hernia, a hernia appearing on the external sur¬ 
face of the body. E. hordeolum, hordeolum. 
E. hydrocephalus, ^hydrocephalus?’ E. ingui¬ 
nal hernia, i®- inguinal hernia. E. inguinal lig¬ 
ament, INGUINAL LIGAMENT. E. jugular Vein, 
^JUGULAR VEIN. E. kinesioneurosis, is"kinesio- 
NEUROsis. E. lateral ligament, a fibrous band 
between the external malleolus and the calca- 
neum; ( of the carpus, or wrist ) one between the 
styloid process of the radius and the scaphoid 
bone; ( of the knee ) one between the external 
condyle of the femur and the head of the fibula; 
or (of the temporo^maxillary articulation) one be¬ 
tween the lower border of the zygoma and the 
neck of the inferior maxilla. E. ligament, a 
ligament from the outer wall of the tympanum 
to the head of the malleus. E. mammary artery, 
IS" MAMMARY ARTERIES. E. medullary lamina, ts- 

MEDULLARY LAMINA. E. ObliqUe mUSClc = OBLI- 

Quus EXTERNUs. E. obturator artery, obtu¬ 
rator ARTERY. E. orbital point, orbital 
POINT. E. pathology, surgical pathology. E. 
pelvimetry, pelvimetry in which the measure¬ 
ments are made on the outside of the body. E. 
pharyngotomy, ts- pharyngotomy. E. proctot¬ 
omy, PROCTOTOMY. E. pudic arteries, pudic 
ARTERIES. E. raph^, the striae longitudinales. 
E. rectus = RECTUS oculi externus. E. resist¬ 
ance, the resistance to a galvanic current which 
occurs outside of the cell or battery. E. respi¬ 
ration, the inhalation of oxygen and exhalation 
of carbon dioxide by the blood. E. respiratory 
nerve of Bell, the posterior thoracic nerve. E. 
root, those fibres of the olfactory nerve which 
arise from the insula. E. secretion, a secretion 
discharged upon an internal or external surface 
of the body. E. sensation, a sensation produced 
by a stimulus outside of the body. E. spermatic 
fascia, spermatic cord. E. spermatic nerve 
= GENITAL NERVE. E. StrabismUS, I®" strabis¬ 
mus. E. thoracic artery, thoracic. E. tho¬ 
racic vein = MAMMARY VEIN. E. Urinary meatus, 
fs- URINARY MEATUS. E. versiou, version per¬ 
formed by external manipulation on the abdo¬ 
men. INVERSION, 
ex-tes-tic'u-late. To castrate. 

ex'ti-ma. The tunica extima (externa), or outer¬ 
most coat, as of an artery, 
ex-tinc'tion. i. The act of extinguishing or de¬ 
stroying; destruction; extirpation; death. 2. 
Gradual cure of syphilis by treatment with small 
doses of mercury, continued for a very long 
time. [ < L. extin'guere to quench.] 
ex-tir-pa'tion. The complete removal or. eradica¬ 
tion of a part by the knife or by caustic. [< L. 
extirpa're to root out.] fex'tir-pa-tor. 
ex'tra. Over and above; supernumerary. E. soda, 
sodium bicarbonate in carbonicsacid water: an 
antacid draught. [< L. ex'tra, without.] 
ex'tra-. A Latin prefix signifying “without,” “on 
the outside,” “beyond,” “over and above.” 
&■ Exo-. 

ex*trasam-ni-ot'ic. External to the amnion. 
ex*trasar-tic'u-lar. Situated outside of a joint. E. 

osteotomy, osteotomy not involving a joint, 
ex-tra-cap'su-lar. Lying outside a capsule. E. 
ankylosis ankylosis caused by the formation of 


cicatricial bands along the parts outside of the 
capsule. E. fracture, a fracture of the femur or 
the humerus outside of the capsular ligament. 

ex-tra-car'di al. Situated outside of the heart. 

ex-tra-cel'lu-lar. Situated or taking place outside 
of a cell or cells. 

ex-tra-cer'e-bral. Situated or occurring outside of 
the cerebrum. 

ex-tra-cil'i-a-ry. Relating to the outer surface of 
the ciliary body. 

ex'tra-cor-pus'cu-lar. Outside of the corpuscles. 

ex‘tra-cos-ta'lis. An external intercostal muscle. 

ex-tra-cra'ni al. Lying outside of the cavity of 
the skull. 

ex’tra-cru-rae'us. The vastus externus muscle. 

ex'tract. The soluble parts of vegetable substances 
dissolved in spirit or water and reduced to the 
consistence of a syrup or paste by evaporation; 

EXTRACTUM. 

ex-trac'tion. The drawing of a tooth, or the taking 
of foreign substances out of the body, of a tumor 
out of its cavity, of a cataract from the eye, etc. 
fex-trac'tor, an instrument to be used in any 
kind of extraction. 

ox-trac'tive. A peculiar modification of vegetable 
matter, forming one constituent part of common 
extracts. E. principles, the designation of a 
variety of compounds, most of which crystallize 
and have a bitter taste, but cannot be referred to 
any particular series. 

ex-trac'tum, pi. c:c/rac'^a. An extract; a solid or 
semissolid pharmaceutical preparation made by 
treating a drug with water, alcohol, diluted alco¬ 
hol, ether, or other solvent, and evaporating the 
solution until the mass has a pilular consistence. 
See FLUiDEXTRACTUM, as the term extractum 
fluidum of the 1890 U. S. P. has in each case 
been changed to fluidextractum in the new 
Pharmacopoeia: thus, extractum aconiti fluidum 
becomes fluidextractum aconiti*. E. aconi'ti, 
the 1890 U. S. P. name for extract of aconite. 
Dose, o.oi to 0.016 Gm. toi^ gr.), gradually 
increased until its effects are experienced. E. 
al'oes*, extract of aloes. Dose, 0.12 Gm. (2 grs.). 
E. al'oes barbaden'sis (B.P.), extract of Barba- 
does aloes. Dose, 0.12 to 0.4 Gm. (2 to 6 grs.). 
E. anthem'idis (B. P.), extract of chamomile. 
Dose, 0.12 to 0.65 Gm. (2 to 10 grs.). E. ar'nicse 
radi'cis, the 1890 U. S. P. name for extract of 
arnica root. Dose, 0.2 to 0.3 Gm. (3 to 5 grs.). 
E. ar'nicae radi'cis flu'idum, the 1890 U. S. P. 
name for fluidextract of arnica root. Dose, 0.3, 
to 0.6 Cc. (s to 10 mins.). E. asclepi'adis flu'idum,. 
the 1890 U. S. P. name for fluidextract of ascle- 
pias. Dose, 1.2 to 3.7 Cc. (20 mins, to i fl. dr.). E. 
aspidosper'matis flu'idum, the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for fluidextract of aspidosperma. Dose, i to 4 
Cc. (15 mins, to i fl. dr.). E. belladon'nae folio'- 
rum*, extract of belladonna leaves; the extractum 
belladonncB foliorum alcoholicum of the 1890 U. S. 
P. Dose, o.oi Gm. (i gr.). E. calum'bae (B. P.), 
extract of calumba root. Dose, 0.3 to i Gm. (5 
to 15 grs.). E. can'nabis in'dicae*, extract of 
Indian cannabis. Dose, o.oi Gm. (-^ gr.). E. cas'- 
carae sagra'dae (B. P.), extract of cascara sagrada. 
Dose, 0.12 to 0.5 Gm. (2 to 8 grs.). E. casta'neae 
flu'idum, the 1890 U. S. P. name for fluidextract 
of castanea. Dose, 4 to 8 Cc. (i to 2 fl. drs.). 
E. cimicif'ugae*, extract of cimicifuga. Dose. 
0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). E. cincho'nae, the 1890 U. S. P 
name for extract of cinchona. Dose, 0.65 to 2 
Gm, (19 to 30 grs.). E, col'cbici cor'mi*, extract. 


EXTRACTUM 


336 


EXTRAVAGINAL 


of colchicum corm; E. colchici radicis of the 1890 
U. S. P. Dose, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.). E. colocyn'- 
thidis*, extract of colocynth. Dose, 0.03 Gm. 
(i gr.). E. colocyn'thidis compos'itum*, com¬ 
pound extract of colocynth. Dose, 0.03 Gm. (7^ 
grs.). E. coni'i, the 1890 U. S. P. name for ex¬ 
tract of conium. Dose, 0.03 to 0.06 Gm. to i 
gr.). E. cus'so flu'idum, the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for fluidextract of kousso. Dose, 15 to 30 Cc. 
(^to I fl.oz.). E. digita'lis*, extract of digitalis. 
Dose, o.oi Gm. (i gr.). E. dulcama'rae flu'idum, 
the 1890 U. S. P. name for fluidextract of dulca¬ 
mara. Dose, 2 to 4 Cc. (30 mins, to i fl. dr.). 
E. ergo'tae*, extract of ergot. Dose, 0.25 Gm.^ 
(4 grs.). E. euon'ymi*, extract of euonymus. 
Dose, 0.12 Gm. (2 grs.). E. fer'ri poma'tum 
(N. F.), crude malate of iron; ferrated extract of 
apples. Dose, 0.65 Gm. (10 grs.). E. gentia'nae*, 
extract of gentian. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). E. 
glycyrrhi'zae*, extract of glycyrrhiza. Dose, i 
Gm. (15 grs.). E. glycyrrhi'zae depura'tum 
(N. F.), purified extract of licorice. E. glycyr- 
rhi'zae pu'rum*, pure extract of glycyrrhiza. 
Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). E. gossyp'ii radi'cis flu'- 
idum, the 1890 U. S. P. name for fluidextract of 
cotton root. Dose, 2 to 4 Cc. to i fl. dr.). 
E. haematox'yli*, extract of haematoxylon. Dose, 
I Gm. (15 grs.). E. hyoscy'ami*, extract of 
hyoscyamus. Dose, 0.06 Gm. (i gr.). E. i'ridis, 
the 1890 U. S. P. name for extract of iris. Dose, 
0.06 to o.i Gm. (i to 2 grs.). E. i'ridis flu'- 
idum, the 1890 U. S. P. name for fluidextract 
of iris. Dose, 0.3 to 0.6 Cc. (5 to 10 mins.). 
E. jala'pae, the 1890 U. S. P. name for extract 
of jalap. Dose, 0.65 to 1.3 Gm. (10 to 20 grs.). 
E. juglan'dis, the 1890 U. S. P. name for ex¬ 
tract of juglans, or butternut. Dose, 0.3 to 0.6 
Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). E. krame'riae*, extract of 
krameria. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). E. leptan'- 
drae*, extract of leptandra. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ 
grs.). E. lobe'liae flu'idum, the 1890 U. S. P. 
name for fluidextract of lobelia. Expectorant 
dose, 0.06 to 0.3 Cc. (i to 5 mins.); emetic dose, 
0.6 to 1.25 Cc. (10 to 20 mins.). E. lu'puli 
(B. P.), extract of hop. Dose, 0.6 to 2 Gm. (10 
to 30 grs.). E. mal'ti*, extract of malt. Dose, 
16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). E. menisper'mi flu'idum, the 
1890 U. S. P. name for fluidextract of meni- 
spermum. Dose, 2 to 4 Cc. to i fl. dr.). E. 
nu'cis vom'icae*, extract of nux vomica. Dose, 
0.015 Gm. gr.). E. o'pii*, extract of opium. 
Dose, 0.03 Gm. gr.). E. o'pii li'quidum (B. P.), 
liquid extract of opium. Dose, 0.6 Cc. (10 mins.). 
E. papav'eris (B. P.), extract of poppies. Dose, 
0.3 to 0.6 Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). E. parei'rae 
(B. P.), extract of pareira. Dose, 0.6 to 2 Gm. 
(10 to 30 grs.). E. physostig'matis*, extract of 
physostigma. Dose, 0.015 Gm. gr.). E. 
podophyl'li, the 1890 U. S. P. name for extract 
of podophyllum. Dose, 0.06 to 0.2 Gm. (i to 3 
grs.). E. quas'siae*, extract of quassia. Dose, 
0.065 Gm, (i gr.). E. rham'ni purshia'nae*, ex¬ 
tract of cascara sagrada. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.), 
E. rhe'i*, extract of rhubarb. Dose, 0.25 Gm. 
(4 grs.), E. ru'micis flu'idum, the 1890 U. S. P. 
name for fluidextract of rumex. Dose, 4 Cc. 
(I fl. dr.). E. sanguina'riae flu'idum, the 1890 
U. S. P. name for fluidextract of sanguinaria. 
Dose. 0.2 to 0.3 Cc. (3 to 5 mins.). E. scil'lse 
flu'idum, the 1890 U. S. P. name for fluidextract 
of squill. Dose, o.i to 0.3 Cc. (2 to 5 mins.). 
E. scopa'rii flu'idum, the 1890 U- S, P. name for 


fluidextract of scoparius. Dose, 1.3 to 2.6 Cc. 
(20 to 40 mins.). E. scopo'lae*, extract of scopo- 
la. Dose, o.oi Gm. gr.). E. stramo'nii*, ex¬ 
tract of stramonium. Dose, o.oi Gm. gr.). 
E. stramo'nii sem'inis, the 1890 U. S. P. name for 
extract of stramonium seeds. Dose, 0.010 Gm. 
( ^ gr.). E. stramo'nii sem'Liis flu'idum, the 
1890 U. S. P. name for fluidextract of stramonium 
seeds. Dose, 0.06 to 0.12 Cc. (i to 2 mins.). E. 
sum'bul*, extract of sumbul. Dose, 0.25 Gm. 
(4 grs.). E. tarax'aci*, extract of taraxacum. 
Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). E. u'vae ur'si, the 1890 
U. S. P. name for extract of uva ursi. Dose, 0.3 
to I Gm. (5 to 15 grs.). 
ex-tra-du'ral. Outside of the dura mater, 
ex'trasem-bry-on'ic. Not included in the embryo, 
ex’trasen-ter'ic. Situated outside of the enteron. 
ex-tra-gen'i-tal. Originating outside of the genital 
organs, as E. infection. 

ex'tra-lig-a-men'tous. Situated outside of a liga¬ 
ment. 

ex*tra-mal-le'o-lus. The outer malleolus, 
ex-tra-med'ul-la-ry. Outside of the medulla ob¬ 
longata. 

ex-tra'ne ous. Foreign; not intrinsic. E. body, 
any solid, liquid, or gaseous matter, animate or 
inanimate, which is not a proper part of the 
human body, but occupies in some of the tissues 
or cavities a place foreign to it. 
ex-tra-nu'cle ar. Situated outside of the nucleus 
of a cell. 

ex-traor'di-na-ry ray. In double refraction, the ray 
which deviates from the ordinary ray. 
ex-tra-pel'vic. Situated outside of the pelvis. 
ex*tra-per-i-car'di al. Situated outside of the peri¬ 
cardium. E. fremitus, the pleuropericardial fric¬ 
tion sound met with in pericarditis externa. 
ex*tra-per-i-to-ne'al. Outside of the peritoneum, 
ex-tra-plan'tar. Situated on the outside of the 
sole of the foot. 

ex-tra-po'lar. Situated outside of the poles or 
electrodes of a battery. 

ex-tra-rec'tus. i. The rectus extemus muscle of 
the eye. 2. The pyramidalis abdominis muscle, 
ex-tra-spi'nal veins. Veins spreading over the ex¬ 
ternal surface of the vertebrae, 
ex-tra-sys'to-le. A heart =contraction preceding 
the normal systole: due to irritation of the car¬ 
diac muscle during diastole. 



Pulse Tracing Showing Normal Systole (a), and 
Extrasystole (6) followed by Compensatory 
Pause. 


ex‘tra-tho-rac'ic rile. A rale occurring in the 
trachea or the larynx, 
ex-tra-tra'che al. Outside of the trachea, 
ex-tra-tri'ceps. The outer head of the triceps mus¬ 
cle of the arm. 

ex-trasu'te-rine. Outside of the uterus. E. life, 
life after birth. E. pregnancy, pregnancy in 
which the foetus is in some location outside of 
the uterus, as in ovarian pregnancy. [< L. ex'tra 
on the outside + u'terus.] 
ex-tra-vag'i-nal. Outside of the vagina or sheath. 







EXTRAVASATION 


337 


EYE=WASH 


ex-trav-a-sa'tion. The escape of any fluid of the 
body, normal or abnormal, from the vessel, 
cavity, or canal that naturally contains it, 
and its diffusion into the surrounding tissues. 

Hemorrhage. E.scyst, a cyst caused Viy ex¬ 
travasation of blood into a cavity or by the 
formation of a capsule about extravasated blood. 
[< L. ex'tra without + vas vessel.] 
ex-tra-vas'cu-lar. i. Occurring outside of the 
vessels. 2. Nonsvascular. 
ex’tra-ven-tric'u-lar. Situated outside of a ventri¬ 
cle. E. ganglion or portion = lenticular 
NUCLEUS. 

ex-tra-vis'u al zone, t®* Visual zone. 
ex-treme' capsule. A name for the band of white 
matter between the claustrum and the island of 
Reil; lamina of the sylvian fossa, 
ex-trem'i-ty. Any of the four limbs of animals; 

also an end or termination. t®x-trem'i-tal. 
ex-trin'sic. External; coming from without the 
organism; enthetic. E. auricular muscles, 
AURICULAR MUSCLES. E. disease = external 
DISEASE. E. muscles, muscles which attach an 
organ to parts outside of itself. The external 
muscles of ihe eye are the recti, oblique, levator 
palpebrae, and orbicularis palpebrarum; those of 
ihe larynx are the omohyoid, sternohyoid, sterno¬ 
thyroid, constrictors of the pharynx, and supra¬ 
hyoid; those of ihe tongue are the hyoglossus, 
chondroglossus, geniohyoglossus, palatoglossus, 
and styloglossus. 

ex-tro-ver'sion. Malformation in which a part is 
turned inside outward; exstrophy. [< L. ex- 
tror'sum outward + ver'tere to turn.] 
ex-tru'sionsglob-ules. = Polar globules. 
ex-tu-ba'tion. The removal of a laryngeal tube, 
ex-tu-mes'cence. Swelling; tumidity, 
ex-u'be-rant. Having a tendency to excessive pro¬ 
liferation, as hypertrophic forms of lupus, 
ex-u'be-res. Weaned infants, as opposed to subu- 
BERES. [< L. ex priv. + u'her pap or udder.] 
ex-u-da'tion. A sweating; the passing out of any 
liquid through the walls or membranes of the 
vessel containing it: also applied to the oozing 
of the liquor sanguinis through the -vascular 
walls; also to the gums, resins, etc., which ex¬ 
ude from trees, Extravasation ; transuda¬ 
tion. Exudates are termed Free, Interstitial, or 
Parenchymatous, according to location; and 
Albuminous, Croupous, Diphtheric, Fibrinous, 
Hemorrhagic, Mucous, Purulent, Serofibrinous, 
and Serous, according to character. E.scorpus- 
cles, bloodscorpuscles which in inflammation 
pass through the walls of the blood-vessels. E.s 
cyst, a cyst formed by an exudate collecting in a 
closed cavity. [< L. out + suda're to sweat.] 
tex'u-date, a substance thrown out by exuda¬ 
tion. ex'u-da-tive, as E. catarrhal inflammation, 
^CATARRHAL INFLAMMATION: and E. choroiditis, 
CHOROIDITIS. 

ex-ul-ce-ra'tion. A soreness; the early state or 
commencement of ulceration. [< L. exulcera're 
to make sore.] 

ex-um-bil-i-ca'tion. Umbilical hernia, 
ex-u-to'ria. Substances that cause a superficial 
ulceration of the skin at the place of application. 
[< L. exu'ere to draw out.] 
ex-u'vi-ae. In zoology, the slough or cast skins of 
animals whose nature it is to throw them off at 
certain seasons. The epidermis cast off after 
certain fevers and exanthemata. [< L. exu'ere 
to strip, to spoil, to put off.] fex-u'vial. 

22 



Eye.— I. Cornea. 2. Iri.s. 3. Cil¬ 
iary body. 4. Choroid. 5. Ret¬ 
ina. 6. Optic nerve. 7. Vitre¬ 
ous humor. 8. Sclera. 9. Lens. 


eye. The organ of vision. The eyes occupy two 
cavities, called orbits, situated in the lower ante¬ 
rior part of _the cranium: they communicate 
with the brain by 
means of the op¬ 
tic nerves. The 
organ consists of 
a ball ( bulbus ) 
compo sed of three 
coats, the fibrous 
(made up of the 
sclerotic and cor¬ 
nea), the vascular 
(including the 
choroid and the 
iris), and the ner¬ 
vous (including 
the retina and its 
anterior prolon¬ 
gation over the 
ciliary region and the iris). Within these tunics 
lie the refractive media, consisting of the lens, the 
aqueous humor, and the vitreous body. The 
eyeball is covered anteriorly by a delicate mucous 
membrane, termed the conjunctiva, and is pro¬ 
tected from external injury by the eyelashes and 
eyelids. [< A. S. edge; h. oc'ulus; .] 

eye'ball. The globe of the eye; bulbus oculi*. 
eye'bright. = Euphrasia officinalis. 
eye'brow. = Supercilium*. 

eye'scur-rent. An electric current passing from the 
cornea to the optic nerve under the stimulus of light, 
eyed probe. A probe with an eye near one end, 
through which a ligature may be passed, 
eye'glass. A lens for improving the eyesight, 
eye'sground. The fundus of the eye as seen with 
the ophthalmoscope. 
eyeTash. =Cilium. 

eye'slens. The lens of a microscope ocular to 
which the eye is applied. 

eye'lid. = Palpebr.\*. E.sclosure reflex = cor¬ 
neal reflex. E. retractor, an instrument for 
holding the eyelids away from the eyeball, 
eye'spiece. = Ocular, def. 2. E. micrometer, 
micrometer. 

eye'spoint. The point above a microscope ocular 
where the emerging 
rays cross. 

eye'ssalve. A salve or 
unguent for the eyes. 
eye'so-Iene. A proprie¬ 
tary eye-salve, 
eye'ssouf-fle. A murmur 
heard over the globe of 
the eye in anaemia, 
eyesspec'u-lum. An in¬ 
strument for holding 
the eyelids open during 
an examination or ope¬ 
ration, 
eye'stone. A flat br len¬ 
ticular calcareous disk used in removing foreign 
bodies from the eye. Some eyestones are the 
opercula of various Turbin'idce or other mollusks: 
.some are said to be the so-called crabs’ eyes, 
eye'sstrain. Ocular irritation, or weariness of the 
eye-muscles, due to severe accommodative use; 
asthenopia. 

eye'stooth. Either one of the upper canine teeth, 
the roots of which reach almost to the orbit, 
eye'swash, eyeswa'ter. A wash or lotion for the 
eyes. c^Collyrium. 









F 


338 


FACIAL 



F. I. Abbr. for L. fac, fi'at, or fi'ant, make, or let 
there be made; Fahrenheit; field of vision; 
formula; French. 2. The symbol for fluorine. 

F.h. Abbr. for L. fi'at haus'tus, let a draught be 
made. 

F.l.a. Abbr. for L. fi'at le'ge ar'tis, let it be done 
according to rule. 

F.m. Abbr. for L. fi'at mistu'ra, let a mixture be 
made. 

F.p. Abbr. for L. fi'at po'tio, let a potion be made. 

F.pU. Abbr. for L. fi'ant pil'ulce, let pills be made. 

F.s.a. Abbr. for L. fi'at secun'dum ar'tem, let it 
be prepared skilfully. 

F.vs. Abbr. for L. fi'at vencBsec'tio, let the patient 
be bled. 

fa'am. = Faham. 

fa'ba. A bean. F. calabar'ica = physostigma*. 
F. [sanc'ti] igna'tii = ignatia. F. pich'urim = 
picHURiM BEAN. F. porci'na, F. suil'la, the seed 
of Hyoscy'amus ni'ger. Hyoscyamus*. F. 

ton'ka = TONKA bean. [ L.] fl^'bism, poison¬ 
ing with beans. 

fa-bel'la. i. A fibre, cartilage, or sometimes a 
sesamoid bone, in the gastrocnemius muscle, 
behind the knee*joint, or in a tendon. 2. = 
Ses.\moid bone. [L., dim. of fa'ba bean.] 

Fabia'na. Pichi. ffa-bi-an'in, a glucoside from 
pichi. fa'biin, a neutral crystalline principle 
from pichi. 

fac. Make. [L., imperative sing, of/ac'^re to make.] 

face. I. The anterior and lower part of the head. 
F.sague = Tic douloureux. F. gripp6e, pinched 
face, a peculiar expression of features forming 
one of the symptoms in peritonitis. F.sphenom- 
enon = CHvosTEK’s sign. F.=presentation, pres¬ 
entation of the face of the foetus in labor. F.s 
worm = COMEDO. 2. A surface of a crystal. [< 
L. ja'cies face.] 

fac'et. A small, circumscribed surface of a bone. 

fa'ci al. Belonging to the face. F. anaesthesia, 
anaesthesia of parts that are supplied by the 
facial nerve. F. angle, an angle indicating the 
slope of the forehead, measured in various ways 
by different writers. F. angle of Broca, Jacquart, 
or Topinard = OPHRYOSPINAL angle. F. angle 


I 2 

Facial Angles.— i. Of a high-grade Caucasian. 2. Of a 
low-grade negro. 

of Camper, the angle included between a straight 
line from the most prominent part of the fore¬ 
head to the front edge of the upper jaw, and 
another from the external auditory foramen to 
the same point. F. angle of Cuvier, the angle 
between the facial line of Camper and the line 
joining the auricular point and the point just 


below the nasal spine. F. angle of Diirer, gp- 
Durer. F. artery, a branch of the external 
carotid artery, which arises slightly below the 
digastric muscle, passes over the jaw, and is dis¬ 
tributed to various parts of the face. Trans¬ 
verse f. artery, a branch of the temporal artery, 
distributed to the parotid gland, the masseter 
muscle, and the skin of the face. F. atrophy = 

UNILATERAL ATROPHY OF THE FACE. F. axiS, a 

line drawn in the median plane from the junc¬ 
tion of the sphenoid and ethmoid bones to the 
anterior edge of the superior maxillary bone. F. 
bones, the bones forming the skeleton of the 
face: they are two nasal, two superior maxillary, 
two lachrymal, two malar, two palate, two infe¬ 
rior turbinated, vomer, and inferior maxillary. 
F. canal = AQUEDUCT of Fallopius. F. carbun¬ 
cle, a hard, oedematous swelling of the lip and 
adjacent parts: very painful, accompanied by 
marked constitutional symptoms, and often 
fatal. F. centre, the cerebral centre for move¬ 
ments of tfie face. It lies in the cortex of the 
lower part of the ascending frontal convolution. 
F. diameter, either of three diameters distin¬ 
guished as inferior transverse, extending between 
opposite gonia, middle transverse, between oppo¬ 
site jugomaxillary points, and superior transverse, 
between opposite frontomalar temporal points. 
F. diplegia, bilateral facial paralysis. F. emi¬ 
nence, an eminence in the angle formed by the 
strise and sulcus ventriculi. F. ganglion = genic¬ 
ulate GANGLION. F. gland, one of the lymph* 
glands of the face. F. hemiatrophy, atrophy of 
one side of the face. F. index, the number 
obtained by dividing 100 times the bizygomatic 
distance by the distance of the ophryon from 
the alveolar point. F. length, the distance from 
the root of the nose to the lowest point of the 
chin. F. line. i. A line tangent to the glabella 
and any prominent point at the lower part of 
the face. 2. {Of Camper.) = Camper’s line. F. 
loop, the loop made by the root of the facial 
nerve winding around the nucleus of the ab- 
ducens. F. nerve, i. The seventh cranial nerve. 
2. A branch of the great auricular nerve distrib¬ 
uted to the skin over the parotid. F. neuritis 
= F. PARALYSIS. F. nucleus, the nuclear origin 
of the facial nerve (def. i.). F. paralysis or palsy, 
paralysis of the muscles of the face, due to 
disease or injury of the nucleus or fibres of the 
seventh cranial nerve; Bell’s paralysis: com¬ 
monly from damage to the nerve where it passes 
through the narrow canal in the temporal bone. 
F. phenomenon = Chvostek’s sign. F. plates, a 
group of plates in the facial region of the embry¬ 
onic skull, including the frontonasal plate and 
the nasal and maxillary plates. F. respiration, 
respiratory movements of the face. F. segment, 
that portion of the fetal skull which consists of 
the facial plates. F. spasm, spasm of the mus¬ 
cles controlled by the facial nerve. F. surface, 
that surface of the superior maxilla which is 
turned toward the face. F. triangle, a triangle 
formed by lines joining the basion and alveolar 
and nasal points. F. trophoneurosis, progressive 









FACIES 


339 


FALSE 


facial atrophy. F. vein, the vein which returns 
the blood from the frontal, facial, and part of 
the submaxillary regions. Common f. vein, a 
trunk formed by the union of the facial and a 
communicating branch from the external jugular 
vein: it empties into the internal jugular vein. 
Deep f. vein, a branch of the facial vein from 
the pterygoid plexus. Transverse f. veins, 
branches of the temporal vein from the surface 
of the masseter muscle. [< L. facia'lis facial.] 
fa' cies. Facial expression; appearance; face; sixr- 
face. F. choler'ica, cholera face, the character¬ 
istic expression in cholera: deepdying eyes, 
pointed nose, fallensin cheeks, etc. F. gas'trica, 
the expression of face peculiar to chronic stomach 
trouble: marked nasolabial folds, livid complex¬ 
ion, and great emaciation. F. hippocrat'ica, the 
peculiar expression of the features immediately 
before death: so called because first described 
by Hippocrates. F. leonti'na, lion’s face, the 
wrinkled condition of the skin of the face often 
seen in leprosy. F. ovari'na, the peculiar ema¬ 
ciated, pinched, and anxious expression asso¬ 
ciated with ovarian disease. F. ru'bra = ACNE 
ROSACEA. F. uteri'na, a peculiar facial expres¬ 
sion characteristic of uterine disorder. F. va'ra, 
a bending inward of one side of the lower jaw, 
usually due to contraction of the external ptery¬ 
goid muscle. 

fa*ci-o-lin'gual. Relating to or affecting the face 
and the tongue. [< L. fa'cies face -I- lin'gua 
tongue.] 

fac-ti'tious. Artificial. [< L. facti'tius artificial.] 
fac'tor. An element, agent, or constituent, 
fac'ul-ta-tive. Potential; capable of assuming a 
part. F. aerobia, organisms which normally 
grow without oxygen, but are able to thrive in 
its presence. F. anaerobia, organisms which 
normally grow in the presence of oxygen, but 
which may grow without it. F. hypermetropia 
or hyperopia, hypermetropia which may be over¬ 
come bydhe unaided accommodative powers of 
the eye. F. parasite or saprophyte, a micros 
organism not normally parasitic or saprophytic, 
but capable of assuming the character. F. sym¬ 
biosis, SYMBIOSIS. 

fac'ul-ty. I. The power by which an action is per¬ 
formed. 2. The staff of professors in a teaching 
institution. [Kh. facul'tas, fr. fa'cere to do.] 
fae'ces, fe'ces. i. Undigested matters discharged 
from the intestines: normally of a semissolid con¬ 
sistency, dark colored from bilespigments, acid 
in reaction, and amounting to about 150 Gm. 
(5 ozs.) daily, of which about ^ consists of bac¬ 
teria, the remainder being undigested food=resi- 
due, and intestinal products, as desquamated 
epithelium, secretions, etc. c^Amceba; Cam- 
midge’s PANCREATIC REACTION. 2. DregS, aS 
after distillation. [L., pi. of fcex (gen. foe'cis) 
grounds.] ffse'c^l = fecai.. 
faec'u-la, faec'u-lent. =Fecula, feculent 
faen-u-grae'cum. = Fenugreek. 
fag. i^Brainsfag. 

Faga'ra octan'dra. The rutaceous Venezuelan tree 
from which tacamahac is obtained, 
fa'gin. A narcotic obtained from beech nuts. 
Fagopy'rum. Buckwheat. 

buckwheat poisoning. 

Fa'gus. = Beech. 

fa'ham, fa'am. The leaves of Angrce'cum fra'grans, 
an orchid from Mauritius and Reunion; Bour¬ 
bon tea: a stomachic and pectoral beverage. 


Fahr'en-heit’s thermometer. ^ Thermometer. 
F.’s hydrometer, a variety resembling Nichol¬ 
son’s HYDROMETER but of glass, and without the 
submerged pan: for liquids only. [Gabriel Daniel 
Fahrenheit, German physicist, 1686-1736.] 
faint'ing. = Syncope 

faint'ness. A feeling of great weakness or exhaus¬ 
tion, as if the subject of it were about to faint. 
Pair'thorne’s test. i. A test for chloral made by heat¬ 
ing with a concentrated solution of potassium bi¬ 
chromate and then adding nitric acid, when a blue 
color will be produced. 2. A test for morphine 
made by adding sodium hypochlorite 
and then ammonia, producing a dark= 
red color. 

fairy cap, bells, fingers, or thimbles. = 

Digitalis*. 

faithscure. Treatment of disease by ap¬ 
peal to the faith of the patient. ^ 

Christian Science. 

fal'cate. Sickle*shaped, as a leaf. F. 
cartilages, the semilunar cartilages. 

[ < L. falx sickle.] 

fal'ci al. Pertaining to the falx cerebri. 

F. fissure, a fissure on the mesial surface of the 
frontal lobe. 

fal'ci-form. Resembling a scythe in shape. F. 
cartilages, the semilunar cartilages. F. ligament. 
I. The suspensory ligament of the liver; broad 
ligament. 2. =F. process, def. 2. F. lobe, the 
central area of the mesial surface of the cere¬ 
brum, which includes the gyrus fomicatus and 
the uncinate convolution, together with the sep¬ 
tum lucidum, the fascia dentata, and the foraix. 
F. process, i. A longitudinal process of the 
dura mater, separating the hemispheres of the 
brain and attached posteriorly to the tentorium; 
falx cerebri'^. 2. A process of the fascia lata of 
the thigh, forming the upper and outer edge of 
the saphenous opening; ligament of Bums. 3. 
An extension of the great sacrosciatic ligament 
along the ramus of the ischium. [ < L. falx sickle 
+ for'ma form.] 

fal'cu-la. = Falx cerebelli*. 
fal'cu-lar. Sickle*shaped: as of the nails in certain 
diseases. [< L. falx sickle.] 
fall'ing sickness. = Epilepsy. F. of the womb = 
prolapsus uteri, Procidentia uteri. 
fal-lo'pian (Fal-lo'pius’s) aqueduct. = Aqueduct 
OF Fallopius. F. arch= Poupart’s ligament. 
F. artery, a branch of the ovarian artery to the 
fallopian tube. F. canal = aqueduct of Fallo¬ 
pius. F. ducts = F. tubes. F. gestation = 

TUBAL PREGNANCY. F. hiatuS = HIATUS FALLOPII. 

F. ligament, i. The round ligament of the 
uterus. 2. = Poupart’s ligament. F. preg¬ 
nancy = tubal PREGNANCY. F. tubes, the ovi¬ 
ducts, two canals extending within the free border 
of the broad ligament from the sides of the fun¬ 
dus uteri to the ovaries. [< G. Falloppio, Ital¬ 
ian anatomist, 152^-1562.] 
fal-lop'pi an. = Fallopian. 

false. Not true or genuine; appearing to exist, but 
not actually existing. F. albuminuria, an albu¬ 
minous state of the urine due to its admixture 
with blood, pus, or other albuminous fluid. F. 
amnion, amnion. F. aneurism, rs- aneurism. 
F. angustura bark, the poisonous bark of Strych'- 
nos nux=vom'ica, at one time substituted for real 
angustura bark. F. ankylosis, ankylosis. F. 
anus = ARTIFICIAL ANUS. F. bittersweet = Ce- 
LASTRUS SCANDENS. F. cataract, a deposit of 



Falcate 

Leaf. 


FALSIFICATION 


340 


FASCIA 


some material, as blood, lymph, etc., in the 
pupil, obstructing the sight. F. conception, a 
uterine mole. F. corpus luteum, k®-corpus lu- 
TEUM. F. croup, a disease resembling croup in 
some of its symptoms, but without any develop¬ 
ment of false membrane; catarrhal or spasmodic 
laryngitis, F. cyst = adventitious cyst. F. 
erysipelas, a phlegmonous inflammation of the 
superficial tissues, simulating erysipelas, but 
darker, harder, and often terminating in ab¬ 
scesses. F. fermentation, fermentation produced 
by unorganized ferments. F. germ, a uterine 
mole. F. hearing = PSEUDAcousMA. F. helle¬ 
bore. I. = Adonis. 2. =Veratrum*. F. hyr- 
pertrophy, hypertrophy. F. image, the image 
formed by the deviating eye in diplopia. F. joint. 
I. = PSEUDARTHROSIS. 2 . = ARTIFICIAL JOINT. 
F. keloid = cicatricial keloid. F. knot = 
GRANNY KNOT. F. labor, labor with apparent 
but not real progress, F. ligaments, reflections 
of the peritoneum over the superior lateral and 
posterior walls of the bladder. F. measles = ru¬ 
bella. F. membrane, a membrane formed on a 
free surface when from inflammation there is ex¬ 
udation of fibrinous matter, as in croup, or on a 
surface denuded of the skin, as, for example, that 
of a wound or a blister. F. molar, a premolar. F. 
mole = MOLE, def. 2. F. murmur = cardiopul¬ 
monary MURMUR. F. neuralgia, neuralgia due 
to compression of the nerve. F. neuroma, a fibro- 
matous tumor on a nerve. F. pains, pains which 
simulate labor^pains but do not indicate the 
beginning of true labor. F. passage, a passage 
formed by the ulceration or laceration of the 
urethral mucous membrane from instnimenta- 
tion. F. pelvis, ^ pelvis. F. peritonitis, a tender¬ 
ness of the skin and anterior walls of the abdo¬ 
men, simulating true peritonitis. F. pleurisy = 
pleurodynia. F. pox = varicella. F. preg¬ 
nancy, any abdominal phenomena simulating 
those of true pregnancy, F. prominence = 
DOUBLE PROMINENCE. F. ptOSiS, PTOSIS. F. 

rabies = pseudorabies. F. reduction, the forc¬ 
ing of a strangulated hernia, in the attempt to 
reduce it, through a tear in the neck of the sac 
and beneath the detached parietal peritoneum. 
F. rib = ASTERNAL RIB. F. SmallpOX = VARI¬ 
CELLA. F. spermatorrhcea= PROSTATORRHCEA. 
F. stricture = SPASMODIC stricture. F. suture 
= HARMONY. F. tumor, one due to retained seba¬ 
ceous secretion, extravasation, or exudation. F. 
•vertebrae, the united portions of the coccyx and 
sacrum, F. vision = pseudoblepsia. F. vocal 
cords, ^ VOCAL CORDS. F. waters, a serous fluid 
which accumulates between the chorion and the 
amnion and is discharged at certain periods of 
pregnancy. This must not be confounded with 
the liquor amnii, which is termed simply the 
“ waters.” 

faksi-fi-ca'tion. A fraudulent alteration of food or 
medicine by the admixture of spurious or inferior 
articles. [< L. fal'sus false -f fa'cere to make.] 
falx, pi. fal'ces. A sickle, F. cerebeTli* or mi'nor, 
a triangular portion of the dura mater, separating 
the two lobes of the cerebellum. F. cer'ebri* 
or major = FALCIFORM process, def. i. [L.] 
fei^mes. Hunger. F. cani'na or lupi'na, canine or 
wolfish hunger, a form of bulimia in which the 
patient eats voraciously and passes his food per 
anum very soon after. [L.] 
fam'i-ly. e^ Taxonomy. F. ataxia = heredi¬ 
tary ATAXIA. F. diseases, hereditary diseases. 


fam'ine. General scarcity or destitution of food 
F. fever, F. typhus = relapsing fever, 
fan'cy-ing. To intensify characteristics by breeding 
fang. I. The root of a 
tooth. 2, The tooth of 
a wild animal or of a 
venomous snake. [ < 

Ger, fangen to seize.] 
fan'go-ther'a-py. Treat¬ 
ment by hot mud of 
volcanic origin from 
Italy. [< It. fango a Rattlesnake Fang 

kind of mud + THEE- “S'"*’ 

LeUW. 

APY.J 

fan'on. A splint, especially of straw or whalebone 
strips, [F.] 

far'ad. The unit of electric capacity; the capacity 
sufficient to contain one coulomb at a potential 
of one volt. [< Michael Faraday, an English 
physicist, 1791-1867.] 

fa-ra-da'ic, fa-rad'ic. Relating to faradization. 
F. current, an induction current. F. electricity, 
electricity produced by induction. F. irritability, 
sensitiveness to a secondary current. 

Far'a-day’s laws. Certain laws of electrolysis: ist, 
that the quantity of an electrolyte decomposed 
in a given time is proportional to the strength of 
the current; 2d, that the quantities of the sub¬ 
stances decomposed are proportional to their 
chemical equivalents; 3d, that the strength of 
action is the same in all parts of the circuit, 
far-a-dim'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
intensity of a faradic current. 
far*a-di-punc'ture, far*a-do-punc'ture. Faradiza¬ 
tion through needles thrust into the tissues, 
far'a-dism, far'a-di-za'tion. i. Electricity gener¬ 
ated by induction, whether voltaic or magnetic. 
2. A method of treating disease by a localized 
application of induction currents, e^ Electro¬ 
therapeutics ; galvanization, 
farc'tus. I. Stuffed; filled; crammed. 2. The 
state of infarction, [< L, farci're to stuff.] 
far'cy. Glanders of the superficial lymphatics, 
from local infection: the chronic form sometimes 
ends in recovery. F.=buds, F.spipes, thickenings 
of the lymphatic glands and lymphatics from 
farcy. [< L. farci're to stuff.] ffar'ci-men, far- 
cim'i-num = farcy, far-ci-no'ma = farcy^bud. 
far'ci-nous, pertaining to farcy, 
far'delsbound. Affected with inflammation of the 
abomasum and with distention of the omasum, 
the function of chewing the cud being, in conse¬ 
quence, in abeyance: a condition sometimes 
observed in cattle and sheep, 
far'fa-ra. =Tussilago farfara. 
fa-ri'na. Flour; the pulverized seeds of any cereal 
or leguminous plant. F. trit'ici ( B, P.), -wheaten 
flour. [ L., fr. far com.] 

far'spoint. The most remote point at which an 
object can be clearly seen; punctum remotum, 
Far'rant’s medium or solution. A mounting=fluid 
prepared by dissolving i Gm. of arsenous acid 
in 200 Cc, of distilled water, adding 130 Gm. of 
gum acacia and 100 Cc. of glycerin, and filtering. 
Farre’s tubercles (farz). Masses felt on palpation 
in the liver in cases of hepatic carcinoma, 
far'ri-er-y. Veterinary surgery, especially that of 
the horse. 

far'ssight, farssight'ed-ness. e^ Hypermetropia; 

PRESBYOPIA. 

Fasc. Abbr. for L. fascic'ulus, bundle. 

fas^cia, pi. fas'cice. i. A fibrous expansion of con- 



FASCIAL 


341 


FAT 


nective tissue, usually interposed between the 
mttscles and the integument or other surfaces. 
For fasciae not given below, see the adjectival 
headings and proper names. F. of Camper, the 
superficial layer of the superficial fascia over the 
lower part of the abdomen. F. of Colles, the 
deeper layer of the superficial fascia of the peri¬ 
neum. F. cribrifor'mis = cribriform fascia. 
Deep f., a dense, fibrous membrane investing the 
limbs and trunk, giving off sheaths to the 
various muscles and binding down the soft 
parts; aponeurotic fascia. F. denta'ta or denticu- 
la'ta, the dentate band projecting beneath the 
inner border of the hippocampus major; margo 
denticulatus tarini. F. endosabdomina'lis = F. 
TRANSVERSALis. F. endothora'cica*, the fascia 
which lies between the costal pleura and the ribs 
and intercostal muscles. F. ili'aca* = iliac fas¬ 
cia. F. infundibulifor'mis = INFUNDIBULAR fas¬ 
cia. F. la'ta*, “broad fascia.” i. A broad, 
fibrous expansion covering and maintaining in 
their proper position the various muscles and 
deeper structures of the thigh. 2. The tensor 
vaginae femoris muscle. F. lumbodorsa'lis*, the 
conjoined lumbar and dorsal fascia. F. lumbo'- 
rum = LUMBAR FASCIA. F. nu'chac*, a thin layer 
of fascia beneath the trapezius and rhomboid 
muscles. F. obturato'ria = obturator fascia. 
F. pro'pria. i. The delicate fibrous envelope 
formed by the infundibular fascia, and consti¬ 
tuting one of the coverings of oblique inguinal 
hernia. 2. The covering of a femoral hernia 
formed by the matting together of the septum 
crurale, femoral sheath, and superficial fascia. 
F. of Scarpa, the deep layer of the superficial 
fascia over the lower part of the abdomen. F. 
superficia'lis = superficial fascia. F. of Tenon, 
a fibrous envelope enclosing part of the eyeball 
and aiding in the formation of the tunica vagi¬ 
nalis or capsule of Tenon. F. transversalis, the 
fibrous membrane lining the inner surface of the 
anterior abdominal wall. 2. A bandage. F. 
nodo'sa, a bandage for the head, so applied that 
at the temple the crossings form knots, as in 
twine around a package; fascia Solaris: used in 
hemorrhages of the temple. F. re'pens, a spiral 
bandage wound with marked intervals between 
the turns. F. sola'ris = F. nodosa. F. spira'lis, 
spiral bandage; the common roller bandage 
applied spirally round a limb; dolabra. F. 
torti'lis, the tourniquet. [< L./a5'cfa band.] 
fas'ci al. Belonging to a fascia; aponeurotic. F. 
reflex, a reflex induced by stimulating a fascia, 
and produced by reflex action of the nerves sup¬ 
plying that fascia. F. sheath, the fibro=elastic 
tunic investing the penis as far as the base of 
the glans and lying beneath the dartos. 
fas-ci-a'tion. i. The binding up of a diseased or 
wounded part. 2. A bandage, 
fas'ci-cle. A bundle or close cluster; fasciculus. 
F. of Krause = SOLITARY bundle. [< L. fas- 
cic'ulus a little bundle.] ffas-cic'u-lar, fas-cic'u- 
late, fas-cic'u-la-ted, as F. bladder, a ridgy 
condition of the interior of the bladder due to 
hypertrophy of the muscular coat; F. cancer, a 
spin die ^celled sarcoma: F. keratitis, phlycten¬ 
ular keratitis: F. neuroma, ^neuroma: F. 
ophthalmoplegia, ophthalmoplegia due to lesion 
of the pons varolii: and F. sarcoma = spindles 
celled sarcoma. 

fascic'uli tubulo'si. =Ferrein’s pyramids. 
fas-cic'u-lus, pi. fascic'uli. A little bundle of mus¬ 


cular or nervous fibres, etc. F. arclfor'mis pe'dis 
= CIMBIA. F. CUnea'tUS, CUNEIFORM COLUMNS. 
F. grac'ilis = FUNICULUS gracilis. F. longitudi- 
na'lis, LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS. F. letro- 
flex'us [Meyner'ti] * = Meynert’s fasciculus. 
F. rotun'dus, F. solita'rius = solitary bundle. 
F. te'res = funiculus teres. F. uncifor'mis, 
F. uncina'tus, an arched band of association fibres 
connecting the frontal and temporosphenoidal 
lobes of the brain [L., dim. of fas'cis bundle.] 
fas-ci'o-la. The fascia dentata. F. cine'rea*, the 
smooth, upward continuation of the fascia den¬ 
tata. [L., “ strip of cloth.”] 

Fasci'ola. The genus of liversflukes {Distomata) 
most commonly found in man, cattle, goats, 
hogs, and sheep. The most important species is 
F. hepat'ica, the common liver=fluke, found only 




Fasciola hepatica. —a. Animal, b. Skin with prickly 
scales, c. Egg. (von Jaksch.) 


rarely in other organs: a flat worm 2 or 3 cm. in 
length, having large eggs (140 by 80|a), and living 
for several generations in certain species of snails 
before reaching the adult form. It causes hepa¬ 
tic distomiasis and halzoun. ffas-ci-o-li'a-sis, 
= distomiasis. Distoma. 
fas-ci'o-lar. Pertaining to the fascia dentata of 
the brain, or to the genus Fasciola. 

Fasciolop'sis. A genus of trematodes distinguished 
from Fasciola by its unbranched intestine and 
large acetabulum. The only important species 
is F. bus'ki, of southern Asia, the usual cause of 
intestinal distomiasis. [< Fasciola -|- ap¬ 
pearance.] 

fas-ci-ot'o-my. The surgical section of a fascia; 

aponeurotomy. [< L. fas'cia + ropij a cutting.] 
fas-ci'tis. Inflammation of a fascia, 
fast blue. = Indulin. F. green. = Malachite 
GREEN. F. scarlet = BENZOPURPURINE. 
fas-ti'di um. Loathing; disgust: sometimes errone¬ 
ously used for FASTiGiUM, def. i. F. ci'bi = ano¬ 
rexia. [L.] _ 

fas-ti-ga'tum. = Nucleus fastigii*. 
fas-ti'gi um. i. The acme, or point of greatest in¬ 
tensity, in the course of an acute disease. 2. The 
extremity of that part of the roof of the fourth 
ventricle of the brain which extends into the 
medullary centre. [L.] 

fast'ing. Abstinence from food. F.scure = LiMO- 

THERAPY. rs-HUNGERflCURE. 

fat. A soft, whitish animal substance, insipid, oily, 
inflammable, insoluble in water, and almost in¬ 
soluble in alcohol. It usually consists chiefly of 
STEARIN, PALMiTiN, and OLEIN, with Smaller 





FATIGUE 


342 


FEBRICIDE 


amounts of homologous compounds. F.=ball of 
Bichat = Bichat’s fatsball. F.=body, a normal, 
more or less circumscribed mass of fatty tissue, 
as the F.=^body of the cheek, and the F.=body of 
the orbit: sometimes it is practically a separate 
organ, as the abdominal F.^body of the frog, a 
lobulated body of fat situated just anterior to the 
' genital glands. F.scell, a connective==tissue cell 
consisting of a large spherical fat^globule sur¬ 
rounded by a thin layer of cytoplasm containing 
an eccentricallysplaced nucleus. F.scolumns = 
COLUMNS ADiPos.®. F. embolism, ks* embolism. 
F.sglobules, globules of fat occurring in the fat* 
cells; oihglobules. F.=lobules, collections of fat^ 
cells incompletely separated from each other by 
areolar tissue and blood*vessels. F. maima, a 
commercial variety of manna in the form of 
soft brown masses containing many impurities. 
F. necrosis, necrosis of fatty tissue marked by the 
formation of minute white areas, as in pancreatic 
disease. F. pad. i. = Bichat’s fat*ball. 2. 
One of the pads of adipose tissue, found in many 
joints between the joint*capsule and the synovial 
membrane, which fill in irregular spaces. F. 
rickets, rickets in which the infant is plump 
and well nourished, Lean rickets. F. test, 
a test for fat in tissues, made by staining them 
with osmic acid, when a black color is formed, 
fa-tigue'. The state of weariness to which the body 
or an organ is reduced by excessive or long*con- 
tinued activity: due partly to the exhaustion of 
essential celLsubstances and partly to the accu¬ 
mulation of products of catabolism. It ordi¬ 
narily affects the nerve elements much sooner 
than the muscle fibres. F. diseases, neuroses re¬ 
sulting from fatigue caused by the constant 
repetition of the same movements, as in writers’ 
cramp, etc. F. fever, fever caused by the ad¬ 
mission of fatigue*stuffs into the blood. Stimu- 
lation=f., lessened excitability of a nerve at the 
point at which it has been repeatedly stimulated. 
F.sstuff, any toxic substance present in the sys¬ 
tem as a result of excessive disintegration of tis¬ 
sues from overwork. [ < L. fatiga're to weary.] 
fat'ssplit-ting ferment. =Sjeapsin. 



Fatty Casts and Epithelial Cells Filled with Fat. 
— Seen in the discharge coming from a highly fatty 
kidney. 

fat'ty. Containing fat; resembling fat. F. acid, 
any acid of the formula C„-jH.>,,.jCOOH, as for¬ 
mic acid, HCOOH; acetic acid, CH3COOH; pro¬ 


pionic acid, C^H^COOH ; etc.: also used for “ un- 
saturated” acids of the same type, as oleic acid, 
CijHggCOOH. F. alcohol, the hydroxide of one 
of the fatty series of hydrocarbons. F. casts, 
renal casts consisting of hyaline, waxy, or epi¬ 
thelial casts filled with fat*globules. F. cirrhosis, 
a form of cirrhosis of the liver in which the liver 
tissue becomes infiltrated with fat: seen in alco¬ 
holism. F. degeneration, i. Degeneration char¬ 
acterized by the appearance of small fat globules 
in the cell protoplasm. 2. = Amyloid degen¬ 
eration. F. heart, a heart with accumulation 
of fat around it or underneath the pericardium. 
F. infiltration = ADIPOSE infiltration. F. kid¬ 
ney, a kidney affected with fatty degeneration. 
F. liver, fatty infiltration of the liver*cells and 
acini, occurring in alcoholics and those affected 
with pulmonary disease. F. nutmeg = nutmeg 
LIVER. F. pregnancy, false pregnancy due to 
accumulation of an unusual quantity of fat in 
the abdominal walls. F. series, a series of hy¬ 
drocarbons of the formula C^H2„+2. methane, 
CH^ ; ethane, C^Hg; propane, CgHg', etc. F. stools, 
stools in which fat is present, as in pancreatic 
disease. F. tissue, a connective tissue of fat* 
cells loosely embedded in supporting areolar tis¬ 
sue; adipose tissue. F. tumor = lipoma. 
fa-tu'i-ty. Weakness of understanding, or idiocy. 

[< L. fatu'itas, fr. ja'tuus silly.] 
fau'ces. The Constricted passage at the back of 
the mouth connecting the oral cavity and the 
pharynx. Isthmus faucium; p.\latine 

ARCHES. [ L.] tfau'ci al, as F. catheter = 'ev- 
stachian catheter: F. = tonsil, def. i: 

and F. refiex, vomiting from faucial irritation. 
Fauchard’s disease (f6-sharz). =Gumsboil. 
faU-Ci'tis. = ISTHMITIS. 

fau'na. Animals; animal life, as of a locality, 
fa-ve'o-late. Hon- 
eyscombed ; al¬ 
veolate. [ < L. 
fave'olus, dim. 
of fa'vus honey* 
comb.] 

fav'u-lus,pl. jav'uli. 

Any one of the 
honey*comb de¬ 
pressions which 
characterize a 
part of the mu¬ 
cous surface of 
the stomach, 
fa'vus. A conta¬ 
gious skin dis¬ 
ease, popularly 
called scald * 
head, caused by 

the fungus, Acho'rion schonlei'ni] porrigo favosa 
or lupinosa; tinea lupinosa, favosa, or vera. It 
consists of a kind of crusted or honey*combed 
series of elevations, called scu'tula, each pierced 
by a hair. It usually affects the scalp, and 
causes atrophy of the hair and cutis. F.scup, 
a cup*shaped crust, or section of a crust, from 
the scalp of a patient affected with favus. [L., 
“ honey*comb.”] tfav'i-form ; fa'vose; fa'vous. 
fax'swax. The ligamentum nuchae; pack*wax. 
Fay-nard’s powder. A celebrated powder for stop¬ 
ping hemorrhage, said to have been nothing 
more than finely powdered beech*wood charcoal. 
Fe. The chemical symbol for iron (L. fer'rum). 
feb'ri-cide. A proprietary antipyretic. 



Generalized Favus. (Nicol.) 





FEBRICULA 


343 


FEMALE 


fe-bric'u-la. A slight fever, especially one of 
obscure origin. [ L., dirrv of fe'bris fever.] 
fe-brif'e-rous. Feversproducing. 
feb'ri-fuge. i. Having the property of moderating 
or abating the violence of fevers; antipyretic. 2. 
A medicine which tends to lower a febrile tem¬ 
perature. [ < L. fe'bris fever + fuga're to drive 
away.] tfe-brif'u-gal, acting as a febrifuge, 
fe'brile. Pertaining to fever; feverish. F. albu¬ 
minuria, albuminuria due to fever. F. anaemia 
= IDIOPATHIC ANEMIA. F. icterus -- Weil’s 
DISEASE. F. insanity, insanity due to fever. F. 
movement, febrile changes of temperature. F. 
purpuric oedema, purpura in which localized 
oedema accompanies rheumatic fever and a gen¬ 
eral eruption of purpura urticans about the joints. 
[<L. fe'bris fever.] 

fe'bris. A fever. F. adenoneuro'sa = plague. 
F. enter'ica, typhoid fever. F. recur'rens = re¬ 
lapsing FEVER. F. ru'bra, scarlet fever. F. 
vir'ginum, chlorosis. [ L.] 

Fe-bure’s remedy. A wash for cancer, consisting 
of 10 grs. of arsenous acid dissolved in a pint of 
distilled water, to which are added i oz. of 
extract of conium, 3 fl. ozs. of solution of lead 
subacetate, and i fl. dr. of tincture of opium, 
fe'cal. Relating to faeces; containing faeces. F. 
abscess, an abscess communicating with the rec¬ 
tum or the large intestine and containing fecal 
matter; stercoral abscess; sometimes met with 
in incomplete fistula in ano. F. anaemia, anae¬ 
mia due to autointoxication caused by deficient 
intestinal action. F. fistula, an abdominal fistula 
communicating with the intestine and allowing 
the escape of fecal matter. F. vomiting, vomit¬ 
ing of fecal matter which has been forced back 
into the stomach. 

fe'ca-loid, fae'ca-loid. Resembling faeces. F. vomit¬ 
ing, vomiting of serous matter which has entered 
the intestine by endosmosis after it has been 
emptied by reversed peristalsis. It occurs in 
certain stages of ileus. [< Fecal -f el 6 og form.] 
fe -ca-lu'ri a. The condition of the urine in which 
it contains fecal matter, as in cases of fistula 
communicating with both the intestine and the 
urinary tract, 
fe'ces. = F^ces. 

Fech'ner’s law. The law that the intensity of 
a sensation produced by a varying stimulus 
varies directly as the logarithm of the stimu¬ 
lus, or that stimuli varying in geometrical ratio 
produce sensations varying in arithmetical 
ratio. 

fe-co-ma-la'ri al fever. = Malta fever. 
fec'u-la. I. The grounds or sediment of any liquor. 
2. Starch. [ L., dim. of fcex dregs.] tf®c'u-lence, 
dregs; excrement; faeces; also a feculent sub¬ 
stance deposited or precipitated from turbid 
fluids, fec'u-lent. 

fecund (f^c'und or fi-cund'). Fruitful; prolific. 
[< L. fecun'dus fruitful.] ffe-cun-da'tion, the 
act of impregnating, or the state of being im¬ 
pregnated ; the fertilization of the ovum by the 
male seminal element, fe-cun'di-ty, fertility, 
fee'blesmind'ed. i. Of deficient mentality. 2. A 
person mentally deficient, 
feed'er. An apparatus for forcible feeding of the 
insane v/ho refuse to eat. 

feed'ing by the nose. Artificial feeding in which 
nourishment is introduced into the stomach by 
means of a narrow tube passed through the 
nasal cavity. 


feed'ingstube. A flexible tube passed into the 
stomach, through which food is introduced when 
ordinary feeding is difficult or impossible. 
Feh'ling’s operation. The uniting of the edges of 
two denuded long ovals on either side of the me¬ 
dian line of the anterior vaginal wall with a silver 
wire: performed for the treatment of prolapse 
of the uterus. 

Fehling’s solution (fai'ling’s). A freshlysmade mixt¬ 
ure of equal parts of F.’s alkaline tartrate solution 
(sodium and potassium tartrate, 173 Gm.; sodium 
hydroxide, 125 Gm.; water, to 500 Gm.) and F.’s 
copper solution (crystallized cupric sulphate, 34.65 
Gm.; water, to 500 Gm.). Ten cubic centimetres 
of the mixed solution is reduced by 0.05 Gm. of 
glucose, F.’s test, a test made by boiling a little 
Fehling’s solution and then adding not more than 
half as much of the urine to be tested. If sugar 
is present, reduction occurs at once, the blue 
solution changing to a colorless one containing a 
precipitate of yellowish cuprous oxide. [< Her¬ 
mann V. Fehling, 1812-1885.] 
feigned disease. A case in which the patient is an 
impostor and practises tricks to deceive, as F. 
epilepsy, imitation of an attack of epilepsy, cap¬ 
able of being detected by exposing the eye to a 
strong light, when the pupil will remain dilated 
if the epilepsy is genuine: F. eruptions, artificial 
eruptions, usually situated in easily accessible 
areas: and F. pregnancy, simulated pregnancy, 
formerly a common means of delaying capital 
punishment. i 3 -Malingerer. 
fel. Gall; bile. F. bovi'num, F. tau'ri, gall or bile 
of the ox. F. bo'vis*, oxgall; the fresh bile of 
Bos tau'rus. F. bo'vis inspissa'tum, inspissated 
oxgall, an extract made as follows: take of 
fresh oxgall 100 parts ; heat the oxgall to a tem¬ 
perature not exceeding 80° C. (170° F.), strain it 
through muslin, and evaporate the strained 
liquid on a water*bath in a porcelain capsule to 
fifteen parts. F. bo'vis purifica'tum*, purified 
oxgall; the alcoholic extract of oxgall, evapo¬ 
rated to a pilular consistence. It is digestive 
and laxative. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 

Fe'lix’s caustic paste. Starch, 37 Gm.; wheat flour, 
112 Gm.; mercuric chloride, i Gm.; dry zinc 
chloride, no Gm.; iodol, 10 Gm.; croton chloral, 
10 Gm.; camphor bromide, 10 Gm.; crystallized 
carbolic acid, 10 Gm.; and enough distilled 
water to form a stiff paste, 
fel'la-tor. A Latin term for the pathic agent in 

IRRUMATION. 

fel-la-trice. Feminine of fellator. [F.] 
fel'lic acid. A compound, C23H4g04, similar to 
cholic acid, and found with it in human bile, 
fel-lin'ic acid. A peculiar substance obtained by 
digesting bilin with dilute hydrochloric acid, 
fe'lo de se. A suicide. [ L., “ felon as to himself.”] 
fel'on. Malignant whitlow, in which pus is formed 
beneath the periosteum; onychia or paronychia; 
periphalangeal cellulitis or phalangeal periostitis, 
felt. A fabric of unwoven wool: used with or with¬ 
out stiffening in making surgical pads and splints, 
fe'male. Relating to a woman. F. blade, that 
blade of a forceps or other twosbladed instru¬ 
ment which has a slot for the reception of a 
prominence on the other, or male, blade. F. cas¬ 
tration, removal of the ovaries. F. catheter, a 
short, slightly curved catheter for introduction 
into the female bladder. F. fern = Asplenium 
FiLixaFCEMiNA. F. hetmaphroditism, hermaphro¬ 
ditism in which the organs are predominantly 


FEMINISM 


844 


FERMENT 


those of the female. F. pronucleus, pronu¬ 
cleus. F. pseudohermaphroditism, tsr pseudo¬ 
hermaphroditism. 

fem'i-nism. The presence in the male of female 
qualities of body or mind. 

fem*i-no-nu'cle us. The female pronucleus. 

fem-o-rae'us. The cruraeus muscle. 

fem'o-ral. i. Belonging to the thigh; crural. F. 
arch, a considerable arch formed over the con¬ 
cave border of the pelvis; crural arch: bounded 
above by Poupart’s ligament, below by the bor¬ 
der of the pubis and ilium. Deep f. arch, a 
thickened band of fibres attached to the inner 
surface of the centre of Poupart’s ligament and 
forming an arch over the femoral vessels. F^ 
artery or common f. artery, a continuation of the 
external iliac artery, with branches distributed 
to the lower abdominal wall, the upper thigh, 
and the external genitalia; arteria femoralis*. 
Deep f. artery, a branch of the common femoral 
artery, distributed to the muscles of the thigh. 
Superficial f. artery, a continuation of the common 
femoral artery supplying the muscles of the 
thigh and the kneesjoint. F. canal. i. The 
canal through which a femoral hernia passes; ' 
crural canal; canalis femoralis*: situated on the 
inner side of the iliac vein, and extending from 
the femoral ring to the upper part of the saphe¬ 
nous opening. 2. Hunter’s canal. F. condyles, 
the condyles at the lower extremity of the femur. 
F. crest = linea aspera*. F. glands = inguinal 
GLANDS. F. hernia, a hernia which protrudes 
through the saphenous opening after escaping 
from the abdomen through the femoral ring, dis¬ 
tinguished middle, external, or internal according 
to the relations of the neck of the sac with the 
epigastric and the umbilical artery, and anterior 
or posterior according as it lies in front of or be¬ 
hind the femoral vessels. F. ligament, the falci¬ 
form process of the fascia lata. F. refiex, flexion 
of the foot, the first three toes, and extension of 
the knee on an irritation of the skin on the upper 
anterior aspect of the thigh: seen in some cases 
of transverse myelitis. F. region, the parts about 
the femur. F. ring, an opening bounded in front 
by Poupart’s ligament, behind by the pubis, on 
the outer side by the femoral vein, and on the 
inner by Gimbemat’s ligament; crural ring. F. 
spur = CALCAR FEMORALE. F. triangle, the tri¬ 
angular space including the hypogastric region, 
the groin, and the internal aspect of the thigh. 
F. tubercle, a tubercle projecting from above the 
great trochanter of the femur and curving in¬ 
ward over the trochanteric fossa. Common f. 
vein, a short venous trunk formed by the deep 
femoral and superficial femoral, and continued 
at Poupart’s ligament as the external iliac. Deep 
f. vein, a vein accompanying the deep femoral 
artery and emptying into the superficial femoral. 
Superficial f. vein, the femoral vein before it is 
joined by the deep femoral. 2. Relating to the 
femoral vessels. F. sheath, the sheath of the 
femoral vessels formed by extensions of the trans- 
versalis and iliac fasciae along the blood-vessels. 
[< L. femora'lis.] 

fem'o-ro-. Relating to the thigh: a combining 
form. [< L.thigh.] fem*o-ro-cal-ca'ne us, 
the plantaris muscle. — fem'o-ro-cele, femoral 
hernia. — fem‘o-ro-gen'i-tal nerve = genitocru- 
RAL NERVE. — fem'o-ro-tib'i-al, relating to the 
femur and the tibia, as F. articulation, the knee- 
joint. 



Femur. — From 
an individual 
about sixteen 
years of age 
and showing 
the diaphysis 
(i) distinct 
from the epiph¬ 
yses (2, 3. 4, 5). 

pierced, as F. 


fe'mtu’*, 1. The thigh. 2. The long, cylindrical 
bone of the thigh; os femoris. [L.] 
fence. \ system of scarifications of the skin, 
treated with germicides to re¬ 
strict erysipelas. 

fen'chol, fen'chone. A substance 
isomeric with camphor contained 
in oil of fennel. 

fe-nes'tra. A window or opening. 

F. cochleae* = F. rotunda. F. 
larynge'a, an opening between 
the lower edge of the thyroid 
and the upper edge of the cricoid 
cartilage: filled by the cricothy¬ 
roid membrane. F. ova'lis, an 
oval aperture in the osseous wall 
of the inner ear, communicating 
between the tympanic cavity 
andthe vestibule; foramen ovale; 
fenestra vestibuli. F. rotun'da, 
the round aperture in the outer 
wall of the internal ear; fora¬ 
men rotundum; fenestra coch¬ 
leae*. It communicates with the 
scala tympani and is closed by 
the secondary tympanic mem¬ 
brane. [L.] tfe-nes'tral, belong¬ 
ing to windows; window-like; 
having openings like windows. 
fe-nes'trate,fen'es-tra-ted, pierced 
with holes, or seeming to be so 
compress, a compress with a hole cut in it for the 
discharge of matter or for inspection; perforated 
compress : and F. membrane, any thin serous 
membrane which is pierced by innumerable holes, 
especially the elastic membrane of the inner coat 
of an artery; Henle’s fenestrated membrane, 
fen-es-tra'tion. 

fen'nel. = Fceniculum*. F. oil = oleum fcenic- 
ULi*. F. water = AQUA fceniculi*. 

Fen'ner’s guaiac mixture. = Tinctura antacrida. 
fen'u-greek, fen'u-grec. The nutritious seed of 
Trigonel'la fcenum^grce'cum, a leguminous herb of 
Africa and southern Asia: formerly used as an 
emollient and for making poultices, and a com¬ 
mon ingredient of “ condition powders” for ani¬ 
mals. The seeds yield the alkaloid trigonelline. 
Fen'wick’s disease. Idiopathic type of gastric atro¬ 
phy. F.’s operation, excision of the knee in 
which both the femur and the tibia are sawn in 
a curved line, to make them fit more accurately, 
fer-a-con'i-tine. = Pseudaconitine. 
fe'ral. Dangerous or deadly. [ < L. fera'Us.] 
FerdolsGraux’s paralysis (fe-re-oDgroz). Paralysis 
of the external rectus of one eye and the inter¬ 
nal rectus of the other: due to a lesion at or 
above the nucleus of the abducens. 

Fdreol’s nodes (fe-re- 61 z). Rapidly appearing and 
disappearing subcutaneous nodes: found in acute 
articular rheumatism. 

Fer'gus-son’s method. Treatment of aneurism by 
detaching a portion of the clot by manipulation. 
F.’s operation, removal of the upper jaw by an 
incision running down the junction of the nose 
and cheek and around the ala of the nose to the 
median line and bisecting the lip. F.’s speculum, 
a tube-shaped, vaginal speculum 
fe'rine. Severe; malignant. [< L./m'wws beastly.] 
fer-men-lac'tyl. A proprietary preparation of the 
Bulgarian bacillus. 

ferment (as noun, fgr'm^nt; as verb, fer-ment'). i. 
An ENZYME. F. fever, a fever produced by the 



FERMENTATION 


845 


FERRI 


subcutaneous injection of an enzyme. F. oils, 
odoriferous oily compounds (probably alcohols 
or ethers) produced by fermentation. F. organ¬ 
ism, an organism which produces fermentation. 
Organized f., a micro =organism which causes fer¬ 
mentation either directly or through some sub¬ 
stance that it produces. F. secretion, the pro¬ 
duction of an unorganized ferment. Unorganized 
or soluble f. = enzyme. 2. To undergo fermen¬ 
tation, especially vinous fermentation. [< L. 
fermen'ium.] tf6^'"®en'ta-ble sugars, sugars that 
cire subject directly or indirectly to vinous fer¬ 
mentation, as the monosaccharides and disaccha¬ 
rides. fer-men-tae'mi a, the presence of an ab¬ 
normal ferment in the blood, fer-men'tal. fer- 
ment'ed milk = lac fermentum. fer-ment'ing 
poultice, a poultice of flour and yeast heated 
until fermentation begins, or of flaxseed meal 
mixed with beer or porter, 
fer-men-ta'tion. The changes produced by fer¬ 
ments in animal or vegetable matter, when ex¬ 
posed to the air and moisture at an ordinary 
temperature. The term is applied to various 
processes, among which are the vinous fermenta¬ 
tion, which produces wine and alcohol; the sac¬ 
charine, which produces sugar; the acetous, which 
produces vinegar; and the putrefactive, which is 
the decomposition of organic substances contain¬ 
ing nitrogen into fetid gases. For special 
varieties of fermentation see the adjectives. F. 
fungus, Saccharomyces. F. saccharometer, 
an apparatus for determining the amount of 
carbon dioxide given off by fermenting sugar 
solutions. F. test = Roberts’s test. [<L. 
fermenta're to leaven.] tfer-men'ta-tive dyspep¬ 
sia, dyspepsia associated with fermentation, 
fer-men'to-gen. A substance which may be 
changed into a ferment, as pepsinogen. 
fer-mea'toid. An altered ferment which has lost 
its active properties, Toxoid. 
fer-men'tum. = Yeast. 

fern. A member of the chief group of pterido- 
phytes or vascular cryptogams: commonly hav¬ 
ing delicately compound leaves. is*Aspidium; 
Asplenium. F.sleaf tongue, a tongue with a 
median furrow and lateral branches, 
fer-ra'lia. Medicinal preparations of iron. [ L.] 
fer'ra-tin. An albuminate of iron; that prepared 
by Schmiedeberg from pig’s liver, or synthetically 
from egg albumin, contains about 5% of iron, 
fer-rat'o-gen. A nucleinic compound of iron ob¬ 
tained by growing yeast on a ferruginous medium. 
Ferrein’s canal (fe-rahz). A canal supposed to be 
formed, when the eyelids are closed, between the 
approximated edges of the lids and the globe of 
the eye, and to conduct the tears to the puncta 
lachrymalia during sleep. F.’s cords, the lower 
vocal cords. F.’s pyramids, narrow bundles of 
the straight tubes collected at the base of the 
pyramids of the kidney and passing into the cor¬ 
tex; medullary rays; lobuli renales; fasciculi 
tubulosi. F.’s tubules, the tubules which make 
up a pyramid of Ferrein. 

fer'ri. The Latin genitive of ferrum*. F. albu'- 
minas, ferric albuminate, a salt of iron contain¬ 
ing the equivalent of 5 % of ferric oxide or 10% 
•of 'ferric chloride. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). F. 
bro'midum = FERROUS bromide. F. carbo'nas 
sacchara'tus*, saccharated ferrous carbonate, 
15% ferrous carbonate with 85% cane»sugar. 
Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). F. chlo'ridum*, ferric 
chloride, an orange=yellow, deliquescent, crystal¬ 


line solid containing 22% of iron. Dose, 0.065 
Gm. (i gr.). F. ci'tras*, ferric citrate, transpar¬ 
ent red scales containing 16% iron in the form 
of ferric citrate. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). F. et 
ammo'^nii ci'tras*, iron and ammonium citrate, 
transparent red scales containing 16% iron. 
Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). F. et ammo'nii sul'phas*, 
ferric ammonium sulphate, (Fe(NH^)S04)2 + 
12H2O; ammonioferric sulphate; ammonioferric 
alum: it contains 11.5% of iron, and is used as a 
styptic. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). F. et ammo'nii 
tar'tras*, iron and ammonium tartrate; ammo¬ 
nioferric tartrate. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). F. 
et potas'sii tar'tras*, iron and potassium tartrate; 
potassioferric tartrate: red scales containing 15% 
of iron: the most frequently used scale prepara¬ 
tion. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). F. et quint' nae 
ci'tras*, iron and quinine citrate, reddish-brown 
scales containing 13.5% iron and 11.5% quinine: 
used for pills, tablets, etc., as it is less hygro¬ 
scopic than FERRI ET QUININE CITRAS SOLUBI- 
Lis*. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). F. et quini'nae 
ci'tras solu'bilis*, soluble iron and quinine citrate; 
greenish-yellotv^ scales similar to ferri et qui¬ 
nine citr’as* but more readily soluble on ac¬ 
count of the ammonia used in making it: used 
for solutions, etc. F. et strychni'nae ci'tras*, iron 
and strychnine citrate, a red or brown scale 
preparation containing about 1% strychnine and 
16% iron. Dose, 0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). F. hy- 
drox'idum*, ferric hydroxide, a thick suspension 
of ferric hydroxide in water, containing about 
3% of iron. F. hydrox'idum cum magne'sii ox'- 
ido*, ferric hydroxide with magnesium oxide, a 
freshly prepared mixture of a dilute solution of 
ferric sulphate with a thin magma of magne¬ 
sia, used as an antidote for arsenic poisoning: it 
consists of ferric hydroxide and magnesium sul¬ 
phate, and should contain an excess of the mag¬ 
nesia. Dose, 120 Cc. (4 fl. ozs.), repeated if 
necessary. F. hypophos'phis*, ferric hypophos- 
phite, an almost tasteless and insoluble prepara¬ 
tion containing about 22% of iron. Dose, 0.2 
Gm. (3 grs.). F. iod'idum = ferrous iodide. 
F. iod'idum sacchara'tum, the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for a powder containing about 20% ferrous 
iodide with milk sugar. F. lac'tas, ferrous lac¬ 
tate, the 1890 U. S. P. name for a mild iron 
preparation used especially in chlorosis. F. ox'i- 
dum hydra'tum, the 1890 U. S. P. name for F. 
HYDROXiDUM*. F. ox'idum hydra'tum cum mag- 
ne'sia, the 1890 U. S. P. name for F. hydroxidum 
CUM magnesii oxido*. F. phos'phas, ferrous 
phosphate (B. P.), an insoluble preparation 
usually containing some ferric phosphate. Dose, 
0.2 Gm. (5 grs.). F. phos'phas solu'bilis*, solu¬ 
ble ferric phosphate, a green scale preparation 
containing 12% of iron. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). 
F. pyrophos'phas, the 1880 U. S. P. name for F. 
PYROPHOSPHAS soLUBiLis*. F. pyrophos'phas 
solu'bilis*, soluble ferric pyrophosphate, ferric 
pyrophosphate made soluble by the presence of 
sodium citrate. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). F. 
sul'phas*, ferrous sulphate, crystalline ferrous 
sulphate, FeS04-f-7H20, pale green, efflorescent 
crystals, easily oxidizing to a basic ferric sul¬ 
phate; copperas: used as an astringent and for 
disinfecting excreta. F. sul'phas exsicca'tus* 
exsiccated ferrous sulphate, dried ferrous sul¬ 
phate, FeSO^, an amorphous, grayish-white pow¬ 
der: used in pills instead of the crystalline form. 
Do.se, 0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). F. sul'phas granula'- 


FERRIC 


846 


FETAL 


tus*. granulated ferrous sulphate, a purified fer¬ 
rous sulphate in fine crystals. Dose, 0.2 Gm. 
(3 F* valeria'nas, the 1890 U. S. P. name 

for ferric valerianate. 

ier'ric. Containing iron in its higher condition of 
oxidation; applied to salts in which the iron 
atom is trivalent, generally reddish or brownish 
compounds. F. acetate, liquor ferri aceta- 
Tis. F. albuminate = FERRI albuminas. F. 
ammonium sulphate = ferri et ammonii sul¬ 
phas*. F. chloride = FERRI chloridum*. F. 
citrate = ferri citras*. F. ferrocyanide, the 
insoluble pigment, Fe.,(FeCgNg)3; Prussian blue. 
F. hydrate or hydroxide = ferri hydroxidem*. 
F. hypophosphite = ferri hypophosphis*. F. 
nitrate, liquor ferri nitratis. F. sacchar- 
ate, a preparation of the G. P. used as an anti¬ 
dote to arsenic. F. succinate, a yellowish salt, 
(C4H40j3Fe2(0H).2, obtained by adding ferric 
chloride to a solution of a succinate. F.'sulphate, 
the iron compound, Fe.2(S04)3. ^Liquor ferri 
TERSULPHATis*. F. Valerianate = FERRI vale- 
RIANAS. 

fer-ri-cy'a-nide. A compound co*ntaining ferricy- 
anogen, as ferrous ferricyanide. 

fer-ri-cy-an'o-gen. The trivalent radical, Fe(CN)g. 

Ferrier’s snuff (fe-ri-ez). A snuff composed of 
powdered acacia, morphine hydrochlorate, and 
bismuth subnitrate: used in nasal catarrh. 

fer'ri-nol. A therapeutic compound of iron and 
nuclein, containing 6% of iron. 

fer-ri-py'riiie. = Ferropyrine. 

fer'ro-. Containing iron; ferrous: a combining 
form. [< L. fer'rum iron.] fer-ro-cy'a-nate = 
FERROCYANIDE. — fer-ro-cy'a-nide, a compound of 
ferrocyanogen, as ferric ferrocyanide, and 
POTASSii FERROCYANiDUM*. ferTO-cy-an'o-gen, 
the quadrivalent radical, Fe(CN)g.— fer-ro-haem'- 
ol, haemol with 3% of added iron: a dark=brown 
powder. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (8 grs.).— fer'rol, fer-ro'- 
le um, a proprietary emulsion of coddiver oil 
containing iron phosphate. — fer’ro-mag-net'ic, 
containing iron and possessing magnetic prop¬ 
erties. — fer-rom'e-ter, an instrument for de¬ 
termining percentage of haemoglobin in blood 
by determining its iron^content.— fer-ro-py'rine, 
an orange=red, soluble compound of antipyrine 
and ferric chloride: used in anaemic headaches, 
and as a styptic. Dose, 0.3 to i Gm. (5 to 15 grs.). 
— fer-ro-styp'tin, a styptic compound of ferric 
chloride with hexamethylenamine. Dose, 0.3 
Gm. (5 grs.). 

fer-ro*s05al-u-min'ic sulphate. A crystalline com¬ 
pound, Al2Fe(S04)4-|-24H2O, used as an astrin¬ 
gent, styptic, and vermifuge. 

fer-ro-so-fer'ric. Containing both ferrous and ferric 
compounds. F. phosphate, an iron compound. 
Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 

fer-ro-so-fer'rous. Applied to salts compounded of 
two ferrous salts. 

fer'rous. Containing iron in its lower condition of 
oxidation; applied to salts in which the iron 
atom is bivalentr^generally blue or green com¬ 
pounds. F. arsenate, an iron compound, 
3Fe('Fe0)As04 •+• ibHjO. Dose, 0.005 Gm. 
gr.). F. bromide, a brick^red deliquescent salt, 
FeBr2, very soluble and extremely styptic; ferri 
bromidum: used as a tonic and an alterative. 
Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). F. carbonate mass = 
MASSA FERRI CARBONATis*. F. chloride, FeCU. 
Dose, 0.06 to 0.2 Gm. (i to 3 grs.). F. ferricy¬ 
anide, the insoluble pigment, Fe3(FeCgNg)2; Turn- 


bull’s blue. F. iodide, Fela, a tonic, diuretic, and 
emmenagogue; ferri iodidum. Dose, 0.06 Gm. 
(I gr.). F. lactate = FERRI lactas. F. oxalate, 
a feeble chalybeate. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). F. 
sulphate = FERRI sulphas*. 
fer-ru'gi-nous. Containing iron; resembling iron* 
rust in color. F. collodion, a preparation of 
equal parts of collodion and tincture of ferric 
chloride: used as a remedy for erysipelas. F. 
pills = PILULE FERRI CARBONATIS*. [ < L. fer- 
rughw'sus, fr. ferru'go iron^rust.] 
fer-ru'go. Ironsrust. [ L.] 

fer'rule, fer'ule. A light metallic band: used to 
some extent in dentistry and surgery. 

\fer'rum*. Metallic iron in the form of fine, bright, 
nonselastic wire. F. lima'tum, iron filings. F. 
reduc'tum*, reduced iron, a grayish*black powder 
containing 90% of finely*divided metallic iron. 
Dose, 0.065 Gm. ( i gr.). [ L.] 

fer'san. A proprietary albuminate of iron and 
phosphorus. 

fer'tile. Fruitful; not sterile or barren. [< L 
fer'tilis.] 

fer-ti-li-za'tion. = Fecundation. 

Fer'ula. A genus of umbelliferous plants. F. fce'- 
tida or F. asafce'tida is the name of the plants 
which yield asafetida. F. galbanif'lua affords 
the true galbanum. F. per'sica is said to pro¬ 
duce sagapenum. [< L. jeri're to strike.] 
fer-u-la'ic acid. A crystalline acid, CjgHjg04, con¬ 
tained in asafetida. 

fer'vor. A violent and scorching heat. Ardor de¬ 
notes an excessive heat; color, a moderate or 
natural heat. [L.] 

fes'ter. i. A superficial suppuration resulting from 
irritation of the skin, the pus being developed in 
irregular vesicles. 2. To suppurate superficially, 
fes'ter-ing. The discharge either of pus or of a 
morbid watery fluid. 

fes-ti-na'tion, fes'ti-na-ting gait. Hurrying; the 
involuntary tendency to take more and more 
hurried steps in walking. It accompanies paraly¬ 
sis agitans and other nervous diseases, and is a 
characteristic of some cases of epilepsy. [< L. 
festina're to hasten.] 

fes'to-form. An antiseptic compound of formal¬ 
dehyde and soap. 

fes-toon'. In dentistry, the wreathslike margin of 
the normal gum around the neck of a tooth, 
fes-tooned' line. The line formed by the junction 
of the mucosa of the oesophagus with that of 
the stomach. F. rings, the fibrous zones or ten¬ 
dinous circles which surround the orifices of 
the heart. 

Fest'schrift. A commemorative collection of 
studies'. [Ger.] 

fe'tal. Relating to the foetus. F. abortion, abor¬ 
tion occurring before the fourth month. F. cir¬ 
culation, the circulation of blood in the foetus. 
(See illustration on next page.) F. dystocia, ts- 
DYSTOCIA. F. ellipse = F. ovoid. F. inclusion, 
the existence of an enclosed foetus. Included 
FCETUS. F. integument, F. membranes, the cho¬ 
rion, amnion, and allantois. F. movements, the 
movements of the foetus in utero. F. ovoid, 
the ovoid formed by the bent body of the foetus 
in utero. F. pelvis = funnelsshaped pelvic. 
F. shock, the peculiar sensation produced by the 
movements of the foetus in utero. F. souffle, a 
blowing sound sometimes heard in pregnancy, 
supposed to be due to compression of the um¬ 
bilical vessels. 


FETATION 


847 


FIBRIN 


fe-ta'tion, foe-ta^tion. The production and devel¬ 
opment of a foetus; pregnancy. F. by inclusion, 
the development of a parasitic twin within the 
body of an autosite, or within a tumor. 



Diagram of Fetal Circulation. —The arrows indicate 
the course of the flow of the blood, i. Right auricle 
laid open. 2. Oval foramen, with its valve, opening 
into the left auricle, 3. 4, 5. Right and left ventricles. 
6. Superior cava. 7. Inferior cava. 8. Pulmonary 
artery dividing into the right and the left branch, and 
giving off the ductus arteriosus, 9. 10. Arch of the 

aorta. ii. Abdominal aorta. 12. Common iliac 
artery. 13. Internal iliac or hypogastric artery. 14. 
Umbilical artery. 15. Umbilical vein. 16. Ductus 
venosus. 17, 18. Right and left hepatic veins. 19, 
20. Section of the liver. 21. Portal vein. 22. Gall¬ 
bladder. (Leidy.) 

fe'tich-ism, fe'tish-ism. A form of sexual perver¬ 
sion in which the pervert associates sexual feel¬ 
ings with part of the person or dress, as hair, 
shoes, gloves, etc. 

fe'ti-cide. =Fceticide. 

fe'tid. Having a bad or disagreeable smell. F. 
bronchitis, ^ bronchitis. F. enema, enema of 
asafetida. F. stomatitis = cancrum oris. 

fetTock. A tuft of hair growing behind the past¬ 
ern* joint of horses. 

fe-tom'e-try. The measurement of a foetus, espe¬ 
cially its cranial diameters. [< L. fce'tus +fieTpov 
measure.] 

fe'tor. A bad smell, especially from the mouth. 
[< L. fce'tor.] 

fe-tot'o-my. Embryotomy. 

fet'ron. An anilide of stearic acid, 3% of which is 
added to salves, Salve. 

Fett'hals. =Madelung’s neck. [Ger.J 

fe'tus. = Fcetus. 

Feuil'lea cordifoTia. A climbing cucurbitaceous 
plant, a native of Jamaica. Its seeds are purga¬ 
tive and emetic, and intensely bitter. 

fe'ver. The name applied to a class of diseases 
characterized by a quickened pulse and a rise of 
the temperature of the body. Generally speak¬ 
ing, the temperature during the dominant stage 


of the fever furnishes a tolerable measure of the 
severity of the disease. When very high, 41° C. 
(106° F.), foi example, it is always an indication 
of great danger. If it does not exceed 38° to 
39°C. (101° toio2°F.), it indicates a compara¬ 
tively mild form of fever. Fevers have been 
divided into idiopathic and symptomatic. The 
latter are merely incidental to some other affec¬ 
tion: thus, they may, for example, be a mere 
accompaniment of a severe wound. Idiopathic 
or essential fevers exist independently of any 
other affection. F. and ague, intermittent fever: 
malarial fever. F. blister, herpes, especially of 
the lip, as seen in febrile conditions or after a 
cold. F. diet, a simple diet, as of toast, broth, 
milk, and jelly, for fever patients. F.ssore. i. 
A sore depending upon necrosis of a bone, as 
the tibia. 2. A cold sore or fever blister; herpes 
labialis. F. thermometer, a clinical thermome¬ 
ter. F.stree = Eucalyptus. [< 1 ^. fe'bris, fr. 
ferve're to boil.] 

fe'ver-few. A popular name of Matrica'ria parthe' - 
nium. 

fe'ver-ish. i. Having fever. 2. Characteristic of 
or tending to produce fever, 
fex'ism. A form of cretinism which occurs in 
Styria, Austria. JI^x'us, a person affected with 
fexism. 

fi'at, pi. fi'ant. Let there be made. [L.] 
fi'ber, fi'bra. = Fibre. 
fi-bral-bu'min. = Globulin. 

fi-bra'tion. The process of development of fibrous 
elements in an organ or tissue, 
fi'bre. An elongated threaddike structure making 
up part of the tissue of animals and vegetables. 
Fibres are developed from cells which become 
elongated and lose their nuclei. F. cell, a cell 
which is elongated into a fibre, but which still 
possesses its cellular structure and is usually 
nucleated. Such cells are seen in involuntary 
muscle. Fs. of Corti = Corti’s rods. F.scrates, 
delicate processes extending from the external 
limiting membrane of the retina and surround¬ 
ing and embracing the bases of the rods and 
cones. Fs. of Muller, Muller. Fs. of N^la- 
ton, e^Nelaton. Fs. of Remak, ^ Remak. 
Sharpey’s fibre = perforating fibre. [< L. 
fi'bra. ] ffi'^ri-form, resembling a fibre; com¬ 
posed of fibres. 

fi'bril, fi-biil'la (pi. fibril'Ice). A small fibre; par¬ 
ticularly a long slender filament, by the collec¬ 
tion of a number of which a larger fibre is 
formed. F.ssheath. i. The covering which in¬ 
vests the individual fibres of a nerve funiculus; 
the neurilemma. 2. A membrane formerly as¬ 
sumed to cover a muscle column. [< L. fibril'la, 
dim. of fi'bra fibre.] ffi'bril-la-ry, fi-bril'lar, re¬ 
lating to or of the nature of fibrillae, as F. con¬ 
traction, contraction occurring alternately in dif¬ 
ferent fibrillae of a musclo: and F. tremor, the 
irregular spasm or twitching seen in certain 
groups of musclesfibres, as in progressive muscu¬ 
lar atrophy, fi-bril-la'tion. i. The formation of 
fibres. 2. = Fibrillar tremor. 
fi'brin. The fibrous material of clotted blood; a 
white insoluble proteid precipitated in the form 
of a network of fine fibrils by the action of the 
fibrinsferment of shed blood on fibrinogen. F.s 
ferment, an enzyme formed in shed blood by the 
action of thrombokinase on prothrombin in the 
presence of calcium salts; thrombin; holozyme 
plasmase. L. fibri'na fibrin.] 








FIBRINOGEN 


348 


FIBROUS 


fi-brin'o-gen. A soluble globulin present in normal 
blood plasma: it is changed to fibrin by the 
action of fibrinsferment. 
fi-bri-nog'e-nous. Producing fibrin. 

1 •bri-no-plas'tic. i. Having the character of fibri- 
noplastin. 2. Producing fibrin. F. substance = 

PARAGLOBULIN. 

L*bri-no-plas'tin. = Paraglobulin. 
fi'bri-no-sup'pu-ra-tive. Suppurative and contain¬ 
ing fibrin; containing pus and fibrin, 
fi'bri-nous. Composed of or containing fibrin; pre¬ 
senting the character of fibrin. F. bronchitis, 
plastic BRONCHITIS. F. calculus, a urinary cal- 



Fibrinous Cast from a Case of Plastic Bronchitis. 


cuius composed of fibrin. F. cast, a cast con¬ 
taining fibrinous matter. F. cataract == false 
CATARACT. F. degeneration = coAGULATivE ne¬ 
crosis. F. inflammation, inflammation asso¬ 
ciated with the formation of fibrin. F. lymph = 
PLASTIC LYMPH. F. OBsophagitis, a rare form, 
usually of slight extent or only secondary to 
croup or diphtheria. F. pericarditis, pericar¬ 
ditis. F. pleurisy, PLEURISY. F. pneumonia, 
lobar PNEUMONIA. F. polypus, a polypoid intra* 
uterine coagulum, often surrounding a mass of 
retained placental tissue. F. rhinitis, severe 
rhinitis accompanied by the formation of a 
superficial false membrane. Rhinitis. F. 
synovitis, dry synovitis. F. vegetations, grayish 
or yellowish wart dike bodies growing upon a 
serous surface. [< L. fibri'na fibrin.] 
fl-bri-nu'ri a. The presence of fibrin in the urine, 
fi'bro-. Denoting a fibrous condition: a combining 
form. [< L. fi'hra fibre.] fi*bro=ad-e-no'ma, a 
fibroma containing adenomatous elements.— 
fi'brosa-re'o-lar, composed of both fibrous and 
areolar tissue, as F. fascia, the superficial fascia. 
— fi'bro-blast, one of the celDelements of con¬ 
nective tissue from which the fibres of the 
various fibrous tissues are developed. — fi*bro- 
bron-chi'tis, plastic bronchitis. — fi‘bro-cal-ca'- 
re-ous tumor, a fibroma that has undergone cal¬ 
careous degeneration.— fi'bro-car-ci-no'ma, car¬ 
cinoma with fibrous elements.— fl-bro-car'ti-lage, 
that form of cartilage in which the fibrous char¬ 
acter of the intercellular matrix predominates: 
intermediate between fibrous tissue and hyaline 


cartilage. It is found in the intervertebral disks 
and interarticular cartilages, f fi-bro-car-ti-lag - 
i-nous. — fi-bro-cel'lu-lar, containing both fibrous 
and cellular tissue, as F. tissue, connective tis¬ 
sue: and F. tumor, a soft fibroma. fi'bro- 
chon-dri'tis, an inflammation of a fibrocarti- 
lage.— fi-bro-chon-dros'te al, consisting of fibrous 
tissue, cartilage, and bone.— fi'bro-cu-ta^ne ous 
lamina, the parietal mesoblast.— fi'bro-cyst, a 
fibroma that has undergone cystic degenera¬ 
tion.— fl-bro-cys'tic, having the character both 
of fibrous and of cystic matter, as certain tu¬ 
mors.— fi*bro=e-las'tic, containing both fibrous 
and elastic tissue. — fi-bro=en-chon-dro'ma, an 
enchondroma containing fibrous elements.— fi- 
brosfat'ty tumor, fibrolipoma.— fi'bro-gli-o'ma, a 
glioma containing fibrous tissue.— fi'brold. i. Of 
a fibrous nature, as F. cataract, a cataract some¬ 
where in the axis of the visual rays, but not in 
the lens: F. degeneration, a morbid change of 
certain tissues (membranous ones especially) into 
a fibroid material: F. heart, a heart in which the 
muscle has undergone fibroid degeneration re¬ 
sulting from chronic myocarditis: F. induration 
= cirrhosis: F. inflammation, interstitial in¬ 
flammation; sclerosis: F. phthisis, chronic-phthi¬ 
sis in which the products of inflammation have 
undergone fibroid degeneration: and F. tumor, a 
fibroma or fibromyoma. 2. A fibroid tumor; a 
fibroma or fibromyoma.— fi'bro-in, the insoluble 
keratinslike constituent, CjjHggNjOg, of the silk 
of spiders’ webs and insects’ cocoons.— fl'brosin- 
tes'ti-nal lamina, the visceral mesoblast.— fi'bro- 
li-po'ma, a fibroma with fatty neoplastic ele¬ 
ments.— fi-brol'y-sin, the trade name of a thio- 
siNAMiNE preparation.— fl-bro'ma, a tumor con¬ 
taining, or largely consisting of, fibrous elements 
or connective tissue, as Concentric a uterine 
fibroma surrounding the uterine cavity concen¬ 
trically: F. jungoi'des = yi\cos\s fungoides: F. 

= xanthoma: F. lymphangiecto'des, 
a fibrocystic tumor of the ovary: F. mollus'cum, 
molluscum fibrosum: and F. periarticula're dif- 
/w'5Mm = arthritis fungosa. ffi-bro'ma-tous. 
— fl-bro-mu'cous, having both fibrous and 
mucous tissue, as of mucous membranes which 
cover firm fibrous tissue. — fi-bro-mus'cu-lar 
tumor = FiBROMYOM.A.. — fi*bro-my-i'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of a muscle resulting in fibrous degenera¬ 
tion.— fi'bro-my-o'ma, a tumor containing fibrous 
and muscular elements; especially a leiomyoma, 
in which the muscle cells are non^striated. 
Myoma. — fi’bro-myx-o'ma, a tumor containing 
fibroid and myxomatous elements. — fl’bro-neu- 
ro'ma, a neuromatous tumor with fibrous 
elements. — fi-bro-nu'cle-a-ted tumor, a spindle* 
celled sarcoma. — fi-bro-plas'tic, forming fibres, 
as F. substance = paraglobulin: F. tissue, an 
organized tissue from the corpuscles exuded on 
sores: and F. tumor, a small spindle*celled sar¬ 
coma. — fi-bro-plas'tin= paraglobulin. — fi'bro- 
plate, an interarticular cartilage.— fi‘bro-sar-co'- 
ma, a sarcoma having fibrous elements. ^Sar¬ 
coma. — fi-bro-se'rous, composed of a serous sur¬ 
face having fibrous elements, as the peritoneum, 
the pericardium, the pleurae, etc. — fi-bro'sis, 
fibroid degeneration; the development of fibrous 
tissue. Arteriocapillary fibrosis. F. of 
the kidney, arteriosclerotic kidney. 
fi'brous. Having fibres, or composed of fibres. F. 
ankylosis, partial ankylosis caused by the forma¬ 
tion of fibrous bands. F. cartilage, cartilage con- 








FIBULA 


349 


/ 


FILAMENT 


taining a large amount of fibrous tissue. F. coat, 
the outer coat of the eye formed by the sclerotic 
and the cornea. F. cone = coron.\ radiata*. F. 
degeneration = FIBROSIS. F. induration of the 
breast, diffuse mastitis. F. layer, the outer layer 
of the pericardium. F. lipoma, a fibrolipoma. F. 
membrane, the membrane which encloses and 
connects the cartilaginous rings of the trachea. 
F. myositis, inflammation of the connective 
tissue of a muscle. F. nephritis, (^nephritis. 
F. pneumonia, interstitial pneumonia. F. poly¬ 
pus, a polypus composed of fibrous tissue. F. 
rings, fibrous rings surrounding the orifices of 
the heart, to which the muscular fibres are 
attached. F. substance, the white matter of the 
spinal cord and the brain, composed principally 
of nervesfibres. F. tissue, the common connec¬ 
tive tissue of the body, composed of yellow or 
white fibrous tissue, the fibres of which are 
nearly parallel, as in the periosteum, the peri¬ 
chondrium, the capsules of the glands, the fasciae, 
tendons, ligaments, etc. White f. tissue, a variety 
of fibrous tissue made up of inelastic white fibres 
usually parallel to one another. F. tubercle, a 
tubercle within which connective tissue has 
developed. F. tumor, a fibroma. 

fib'u-la. I. The long, thin bone extending from 
the knee to the ankle on the outer side of the 
leg; calf bone, Tibia. 2 . An instrument for 
adapting the edges of a wound. [L., “clasp.”] 
ffib'u-lad, toward the fibula, or on the fibular 
side; ectad to the tibia, fib'u-lar, belonging to 
the fibula, as F. artery = peroneal artery; Su¬ 
perficial f. artery, a branch from either anterior 
or posterior tibial or popliteal passing across the 
fibula; F. nerve, the peroneal or external popli¬ 
teal nerve; F. notch, a depression in the lower 
end of the tibia for articulation with the fibula; 
and F. region, the parts about the fibula, fib'- 
u-late; fib'u-lous. 

fib-u-la're. The calcaneum, or heehbone: so called 
from its rela¬ 
tion to the fib¬ 
ula. [ L.] 

fib'u-lo-cal-ca'- 
ne al. Relating 
to the fibula and 
the calcaneum. 

Fick’s angle. The 
craniomet rical 
angle formed at 
the intersection 
of the basilar 
groove and a 
line joining the 
symphysion and 
the basion. 

fi'co-in. = Cra- 

DIN. 

fi-co'sis. = Syco¬ 
sis. 

Fi'cus*. I. A genus 
of urticaceous 
trees and shrubs. 

2. The U.S. P. 
name for the 
partially dried 
fruit of the fig, Fi'cus ca'rica: used as a laxa¬ 
tive article of diet in constipation. 3. A fig*like 
tubercle about the anus, pudenda, or chin. F. 
un'guium, ficus of the nails, chronic paronychia 
with thickening and eversion of the nail, 


fid'die muscles. =Fidicinal muscles. 
fid'gets. Restlessness; inability to remain at ease; 
titubatio. 

fi-dic'i-nal muscles. The lumbricalis muscles of 
the hand, which, together with the interosseous 
muscles, aid in producing the accurate extension 
and flexion of the fingers necessary in playing 
upon musical instruments; fiddle muscles. [< 
L. fid'icen harper.] 

fid'i-spi-na'lis. The part of the transversospinalis 
muscle known as the multifidus spin./E. 
fi'dous. Cleft. 

field. An open spot or area. F. of Cohnheim = 
Cohnheim’s area. Electrical f., the space sur¬ 
rounding a charged body in which the influence 
of the charge can be demonstrated. F. of fixa¬ 
tion, the surface in space all points of which may 
be distinctly .seen by moving the eye in all di¬ 
rections, while the head is held still. F. glass 
or lens, that lens of the eyespiece of a micro¬ 
scope which is nearer the objective. Magnetic f., 
the space surrounding a magnet as far as the 
magnetic influence is perceptible by means of 
any instruments. F. of a microscope, the area 
visible at one time through a microscope. F. 
ration, a quantity and kind of food issued to sol¬ 
diers when on active duty. F. tourniquet, an 
ordinary tourniquet. F. of vision. Visual f., the 
area or space which the fixed eye can see; the 
tract from which rays of light can come and make 
an impression upon the retina of a fixed eye. 
field'mint. = Mentha arvensis. 
fifth disease. A disease described by the pupils of 
Escherich as being distinct from scarlatina, 
measles, rubella, and Dukes’s disease. F. nerve 
= TRIFACIAL NERVE. F. Ventricle, the space in¬ 
cluded by the two layers of the septum lucidum ; 
sylvian ventricle. It is not a true ventricle, but 
a part of the great longitudinal fissure isolated by 
the formation of the corpus callosum, 
fig- Ficus*. F. wart = VERRUCA acuminata. 
F.swort, any plant 
of the order Scro- 
phularia'cecB, espe¬ 
cially Scrophula'ria 
nodo'sa : formerly 
used for piles, scrof¬ 
ula, and ulcers, 
fig'ure. A form; a 
shape; the outline 
of the human body; 
any outline or illus¬ 
tration in a text:* 
book. F.sofsS 
bandage, a bandage 
the parts of which 
are arranged so as to 

resemble the figure Piqure-of-Eight Bandage of 
8. [< L. figu'ra.] the Knee. 

fi'la olfactor'ia. The 

terminal branches of the' olfactory nerve in the 
nose. F. spermat'ica, spermatozoa. [L.] 
fil-a'ce-ous. Composed of threads, 
fil'a-ment. A small, delicate, threaddike substance; 
a fibre, Spermatic filament. [< L. fi'lunt 
thread.] ffil'a-men-ted, having filaments or fila¬ 
mentous processes, fil-a-men'tose, fil-a-men'tous, 
bearing, or formed of, slender threads or fibres, 
as F. growth, a bacterial growth in long, irregu¬ 
larly placed or interwoven filaments; F. tissue. 
fine fibrous tissue; and F. urine, urine contain 
ing mucous threads. 



Microscopic Section of Ficus.- 









FILARIA 


350 


Fila'ria. A genus of nematode roundsworms. F. 
bancrof'ti, of Australia and other warm countries, 
is the most important species. The adult form 
lives in the 
lymphatic 
channels and. 
causes ele¬ 
phantiasis and 
sometimes ab¬ 
scess, while 
the larvae are 
found in the 
blood during 
the night. 

F. conjuncti'- 
vae, a parasite of the conjunctiva of horses 
and man. F. diur'na, the larval form of F. loa. 
F. immi'tis, a parasite of the heart and bloods 
vessels of dogs, sheep, etc., not as yet found 
in man: mosquitoes form the intermediate host. 
F. lo'a, a West African species, several centi¬ 
metres in length, which lives in the subcu¬ 
taneous tissue of any part of the body, moving 
from place to place, but found most commonly 
in the neighborhood of the eye: supposed to be 
the cause of Calabar swellings. F. medinen'- 
sis = Guinea worm. F. noctur'na=F. ban- 
CROFTi. F. per'stans, a parasite common in the 
blood of natives of West Africa. F. philippinen'- 
sis, CuLEX FATiGANS. F. san'guinis hom'inis, 
the larval stage of any Fila'ria found in human 
blood, especially that of F. bancrofti. Among 
the other varieties of Fila'ria are F. bronchia'lis, 
F. demarquai'i, F. equina, F. hom'inis o'ris, F. 
labia'lis, F. len'tis, F. magalhce'si, F. ozzar'di, and 
F. volvulus, ffi-la'ri al. fil-a-ri'a-sis, infection 
with Fila'ria. fi-laTi ate, to infect with Filaria. 

Fil'a-tow’sor Fil'a-towsDukes’s disease. = Fourth 

DISEASE. 

file. Dental file. 

FU' ices. An order of cryptogamous plants; the 
ferns: a few species have a limited use in medi¬ 
cine. ^Fern. [ L., pi. of fi'lix fern.] ffi- 
lic'ic acid. i. An amorphous active constituent, 
Cj^HjgOg, of male fern. 2. A crystalline inactive 
constituent of male fern; filicic anhydride; filicin. 
fil'i-cism, poisoning with ferns: marked by acute 
gastrosenteritis with fever and collapse. 

fil'i-form. Having the appearance of thread; 
threadsshaped; long, slender, and terete. F. 
bougie, a bougie of very small calibre; a very slen¬ 
der bougie. F. growth, a narrow, uniform bac¬ 
terial growth upon a culture medium, following 
closely the line of inoculation. F. papillae, i. 
The smallest and most numerous of the papillae 
of the tongue, covering the surface not occupied 
by the other varieties, and generally arranged in 
oblique lines diverging from the raphe on each 
side upon the conical papill.^:, def. i. 2. = 
Conical papillae, def. i. F. pulse, a pulse in 
which the pulsating artery is so narrow as to 
resemble a thread. [< L. filifor'mis, fr. fi'lutn 
thread.] 

fi*li-gakva-no-punc'ture. Filipuncture. 

fil'ings. The fine fragments (as of iron) produced 
by filing. 

fil'i-pod, fil-i-po'di um. A filamentous pseudopod. 

Fi-lip'o-vitch’s sign. A saffronslike discoloration 
of the palms and the soles in typhoid fever. 

fil-i-punc'ture. The surgical introduction of thread, 
hair, or wire into an aneurismal sac, in order 
to cause coagulation; Moore’s method (1864). 


FINCKLER=PRIOR’S BACILLUS 

When the positive pole of a battery is connected 
with the wire in order to hasten the formation 
of fibrin, the operation is called filigalvanopuncture 
(MooresCorradi method), 
fi'lix, gen. fil'icis, pi. fil'ices. The Latin word for 
fern. es^Filices. F. fcE'mina = Asplenium. 
F. mas = Aspidium*. ffil-ix'ic acid, fi-lix'o-lin, 
a glyceride obtained from male fern. 

Fil-leau’s method. Treatment of pulmonary phthisis 
by subcutaneous injections of carbolic acid, 
fil'let. I. A white band on the outer side of the 
superior peduncles of the cerebellum; lemniscus*. 
It emerges from a groove between the middle 
and superior peduncles and passes to the corpora 
quadrigemina. The superficial portion of this 
complex system of nerve^fibres is known as the 
inferior or lateral fillet; the more deeply situated, 
as the superior or mesial fillet. By the applica¬ 
tion of the continuation of Gowers’s tract to the 
outside of the fillet the tract of the fillet, or fillet=^ 
imc/, is formed. 2. A noose for making traction 
upon the foetus in difficult delivery. F.stest = 
Richardson’s test. F.stract, fillet, def. i. 
fil'ling. I. The plugging of carious teeth. 2. Any 
material, as gold, amalgam, cement, etc., used to 
fill a prepared cavity of a tooth; stopping; plug, 
film. The popular name for opacity of the cornea; 
also a pellicle or thin skin, tongue, a 

tongue on which the filiform papillae are glued 
together by a whitish, filmy substance, 
fi-lo-pres'sure. Compression of a vessel by means 
of a thread. [< L. fi'lum 
thread.] 

fi'lo-var-i-co'sis. The forma¬ 
tion of varicosities along the 
axis=cylinder of a nerve* 
fibre. 

fil'ter. An apparatus for re¬ 
moving fine solid particles 
from a fluid by straining, 
as a Plaited f. F.spaper, a 
porous, unglazed paper suit¬ 
able for making filters. [ < 

L. fil'trum.\ 

filth disease. A disease whose incidence or spread 
is favored by dirty surroundings, 
fil-tra'tion. The process by which a fluid is sepa¬ 
rated from the solid particles suspended in it. 
F. oedema, conjunctival oedema due to perfora¬ 
tion of the sclerotic, allowing escape of the 
aqueous humor. ffil'trate, a liquid which has 
passed through a filter, fil-tra-tom'e-ter. 
fi'lum termina'le*. The slender, thread*like inferior 
termination of the spinal cord; nervus impar. 
fim'bri a, pi. fim'brice. i. A border or fringe: ap¬ 
plied in the plural {fimbriae tubae*^ to the fringe* 
like extremities of the fallopian tubes. F. ova'- 
rica*, one of these much larger than any of the 
others, and attached to the outer extremity of 
the ovary. 2. = Corpus fimbriatum. [L.] 
ffim'bri al, pertaining to the fimbria or fimbriae, 
as F. fissure, a depression between the fimbria 
and the fasciola of the cerebrum, 
fim'bri-ate, fim'bri-a-ted. Having a fringe or bor¬ 
der of processes larger than filaments; fringed, 
as a F. hymen. F. body = corpus fimbriatum. 
F. extremity, E^FIMBRIA, def. i. 
fim'bri-o-cele. Hernia containing the fimbriae of a 
fallopian tube. 

fi'nal cause. The purpose or design for which a 
thing was created, e^ Teleology. 

Finck-lersPri'or’s bacillus. = Vibrio proteus. 



Filaria sanguinis hominis. (von 
Jaksch.) 





FINDER 


851 


FISTULA 





Imprint of 
Palmar Sur¬ 
face OF Mid¬ 
dle Finger. 
(Pier sol.) 


analogous to 
Pyloroplasty by means of a 


find'er. Any device used to facilitate finding a 
particular area of a microscopical preparation, as 

the MALIWOOD FINDER. 

fine injection. An anatomical injection which 
penetrates into the smallest vessels. F. powder, 
a powder which will pass through a sieve having 
6o meshes to the inch. 

fin'ger. One of the five extremities of the hand. 
F.sbandage, a bandage covering 
one or more fingers. F.5C0t = 

F.sStall. F.smirror, a dental 
mirror which may be fastened to 
the finger. F.spercussion, per¬ 
cussion in which the fingers of one 
hand are used as a percussion* 
hammer and a finger of the other 
hand as a pleximeter. F.sprint, 
the imprint of the cutaneous 
ridges, Bertillon’s system. 

F.sstall, a rubber cap or cover¬ 
ing for a finger. 

fingersandstoe disease. A disease 
of vegetables, especially turnips, 
having certain histologic features 
those of carcinoma. 

Fin'ney’s operation. 

U*shaped incision. 

Fin'sen light or treatment, Actinotherapy. 
fir. = Abies. F. balsam, Canada balsam. F. 
extract, a medicinal extract from the leaves of 
fir {Pi'nus sylves'tris). F. oil, a volatile oil from 
the leaves of Pi'nus sylves'tris. F. wool, a fibre 
obtained from the leaves of certain species of 
pine. F.swool extract = fir extract. F.swool 
oil = fir oil. 

fire'sdamp. The explosive gas, consisting chiefly of 
light carburetted hydrogen, found in mines. F.s 
measles = rubella. F. test, ^kerosene. 
fire'weed. i. A plant, Epilo'bium angustifo'lium, 
or willow*herb, used chiefly in domestic medicine. 
2. A coarse composite plant, Erechthi'tes hieraci- 
fo'lia, which has astringent properties, 
fi'ring. Actual cautery. 

first aid. Assistance, often of a temporary nature 
by other than a physician, given to the sick or 
injured, immediately after a seizure or acci¬ 
dent. F. circulation. The primitive vitelline cir¬ 
culation of the embryo, by which oxygen and nu¬ 
triment are carried to it. F. intention, a mode of 
tissue union in which apposed surfaces join with¬ 
out the formation of lymph or pus, and therefore 
without a resulting scar, as when the lips of a 
wound made by a sharp knife are brought into 
immediate contact and quickly healed. F. nerve, 
the olfactory nerve. F. parietal convolution = 
PARIETAL convolution. F. rib sign = Ew art’s 
sign. F. sound, the heart sound synchronous 
with ventricular systole. F. stage = initial 

STAGE. F. tidal wave = PREDICROTIC WAVE. F. 
ventricle = FIFTH ventricle. 
firwein (f^r'wain). A proprietary preparation of 
bromine, iodine, and phosphorus with balsams, 
fi-set'ic acid. A yellow crystalline compound, 
CggHjgOt,, from young fustic, Rhus coti'nus. 
fish berries. =Cocculus indicus. F. extract, an 
extract from fish, having properties similar to 
those of extract of meat. F.=glue = ichthyo- 
COLLA. F.sroe bodies, yellowish and reddish 
bodies, resembling fish*roe, formed in the dis¬ 
ease called Madura foot. They are composed of 
fatty degenerated matter encrusted with salts and 
blood*pigment. F.sskin, F.sskin disease = ich¬ 


thyosis. F.stongue, an obsolete form of instru¬ 
ment for removing wisdom=teeth. 

Fish'er’s brainsmurmur or sign. A systolic mur¬ 
mur heard over the anterior fontanelle or tempo¬ 
ral region of infants affected with rickets. F.’s 
test, a test for glucose in urine made by placing 
in a test*tube 4 parts phenylhydrazine hydro¬ 
chloride and 3 parts sodium acetate, filling the 
tube one =tbird with water, adding an equal 
quantity of urine, and placing the tube in boil¬ 
ing water for a quarter of an hour, and then in 
cold water. A yellow crystalline precipitate of 
phenylglucosazone forms if glucose be present. 
FiskesBry'son’s sign. = Bryson’s sign. 
fis'sion. The division of a cell into two or more 
equal parts. F. fungi, the Schizomyce'ies. 
ScHizoMYCES. [< L. fis'sio splitting.] ffis-sip'- 
a-rism, reproduction by fission, fis-sip'a-rous, re¬ 
producing and multiplying by fission, fis'sive, 
relating to or of the nature of fission, 
fis-su'ra*. = Fissure. F. abdomina'lis = abdomi¬ 
nal FISSURE. F. a'ni = ANAL FISSURE. F. buc- 
caTis transversa'lis = macrostoma. F. gla'seri = 
GLASERIAN FISSURE. F. longitudina'Us, longitu¬ 
dinal fissure, the deep fissure observed in the 
median line on the upper surface of the brain, 
occupied by the falx cerebri and separating the 
cerebral hemispheres as far as the corpus callo¬ 
sum. F. longitudina'lis anteTior, the fissure di' 
vidingthe spinal cord in front. F. longitudina'- 
lis posteTior, the septum in the posterior median 
line of the spinal cord. F. mag'na syl'vii = syl¬ 
vian FISSURE. F. umbilica'lis = UMBILICAL fis¬ 
sure. F. ure'thrae supe'rior = EPISPADIAS. [L.] 
fis'sure. Any deep, extended depression; a crack 
or narrow opening; a narrow cleft or fracture; 
rima*; fissura*. Coloboma ; dehiscence ; di¬ 
astasis. The chief fissures of the brain are 
entered under the adjectives. F. of the anus = 
ANAL FISSURE. F. of Bichat= Bichat’s fissure. 
F. of Ecker = Ecker’s fissure. F.sneedle, a 
spiral needle for approximating the lips of a 
wound. F. of Rolando = Rolando’s fissure. 
F. of the spleen, the hilum or groove upon the 
anterior surface of the spleen transmitting the 
blood*vessels, nerves, and lymphatics. F. of 
Sylvius = SYLVIAN FISSURE. [ < L./i 55 W'ra.] tfis'- 
su-ral, relating to a fissure or sulcus, fis'su-ra- 
ted ulcer, laceration of the cervix uteri, fis-su- 
ra'tion. i. The state of being fissured or split. 
2. = Fission, fis'sured pelvis, a pelvis in which 
the ilia are pushed forward so as to be nearly 
parallel: due to rickets, 
fist. The hand clenched or tightly closed, 
fis'tu-la, pi. -IcB or -las. A narrow, sinuous, abnormal 
passage, congenital or following ulceration, which 
connects one internal cavity or organ with an¬ 
other or with the surface of the body: termed 
blind or incomplete when with a single opening, 
and complete when opening into two cavities or 
into a cavity and upon the surface, and called 
fecal, lachrymal, pustular, salivary, urinary, etc., 
according to the material which passes through it. 
F. in a'no, a fistula in the perirectal connective 
tissue. F. col'li congen'ita, a fistula from the 
pharynx, larynx, or trachea, usually with a very 
small external opening. Eck’s f., operative anas¬ 
tomosis between the vena cava and the portal 
vein for studying hepatic metabolism or for the 
relief of cirrhotic congestion. F. in perinae'o, 
a fissure due to incomplete closure of a ruptured 
perineum, or to rupture or stricture of the male 




FIT 


352 


FLAVANILIW 


urethra. F. sound, a peculiar bubbling sound 
heard during respiration or aspiration in some 
cases of pulmonary fistula. Thir'ysVel'la f., an 
operative fistula produced by suturing both ends 
of an isolated length of intestine to the abdom¬ 
inal wall: used in experimental investigation of 
intestinal digestion. F. vesicovagina'lis = vesi¬ 
covaginal FISTULA. ffis'tu-la-tome, a cutting 
instrument used in operating on fistula; syringo- 
tome. fis'tu-lous, of the nature of fistula; char¬ 
acterized by the presence of fistula; as F. ulcer, 
an ulcer communicating with a fistula, 
fit. I. A paroxysm or a sudden seizure character¬ 
ized by a loss or disturbance of consciousness. 

Epilepsy; convulsion; syncope. 2. A sud¬ 
den or acute seizure of certain diseases, as ague, 
gout, and fever. 

Fit'tig’s test. The use of an ethereal solution of 
mesitylchinone, which is normally yellow, but is 
turned violet by alkalies. 
five=day fever. = Relapsing fever. 
fix-a'tion. The act of fastening or fixing. F. ab¬ 
scess, a subcutaneous abscess caused by the in¬ 
jection of an irritant in treating grave septicae¬ 
mia. F. of complement, the removal of comple¬ 
ment by the addition of amboceptor and anti¬ 
gen: used as a test for either one when the other 
is present, and shown by the inactivation of 
haemolytic serum. Deviation of comple¬ 
ment; Wassermann’s reaction. Field of f., 
IS* FIELD. F. forceps, a forceps for steadying or 
holding a part in position during operation. F.s 
hook, an instrument with two hooks at the end, 
curved in two directions, for holding the eyeball 
in operations. F.=point, that point for which ac¬ 
commodation and convergence are adjusted, and, 
hence, at which vision is clearest, 

1. A substance used for fixation. 2. = Ambo¬ 
ceptor. fix'a-ture = BANDOLIN. 

fixed. Firm; stable; permanent. F. air, carbon 
dioxide. F, alkali, a non=volatile alkali, as po- 
tassa and soda. F. bodies, substances which do 
not evaporate by heat, especially those which 
cannot be fused or volatilized, as carbon, silicon, 
etc. F. cells, the normal cells of connective tis¬ 
sue, as contrasted with the migratory or wander¬ 
ing cells. F. oils, nonsvolatile oils, as contrasted 
with essential oils. F. spasm, continuous tetanic 
muscular rigidity. F. torticollis, torticollis. 
fixfin. Aluminum lactate; intestinal disinfectant, 
fix'ing. I. The process of preserving tissues with¬ 
out causing or allowing more than a minimal 
amount of post-mortem change. F. agent, an 
agent for fixing tissues. Solutions containing 
acetic acid, alcohol, bichromate, formaldehyde, 
mercuric chloride, osmic acid, picric acid, or 
certain mixtures of these, are usually employed. 

2. Directing and focussing the eyes on an obiect. 

3. Immobilizing an organ or part, temporarily by 
instruments, or permanently by sutures or 
splints, etc. 

FI. I. Abbr. for fluid, fl. dr., abbr. for fluidrachm, 
fl. ext., abbr. for fluidextract. fl. oz., abbr. for 
fluidounce. 2. Chemical symbol for fluorine. 
flab-el-la'tion. The cooling of a fractured limb or 
other inflamed part by fanning it, or by means 
of a blast of cold air. [ < L. flabella'tio fanning.] 
fla-bel'lum. A series of white fibres extending in a 
radiating form from the stria terminalis into the 
corpus striatum. [L., “fan.”] 
flac'cid. Weak and soft; lax; too limber to sup¬ 
port its own weight. 


Flacour^tia. A genus of shrubs and small trees, 
comprising many species, natives of India and 
tropical parts ol Africa and America. The leaves 
of F. cataphrac'ta, a native of India, are astring¬ 
ent and stomachic, and are prescribed for diar¬ 
rhoea. The unripe fruit of F. sepia'ria is very 
astringent. 

flag. = Calamus*, def. 2. F.ssound = bruit de 
DRAPEAU. 

flag'el-late cell. A cell provided with flagella, 
fla-gel-la'tion. Therapeutic whipping or flogging 
with rods, Fustigation. 
fla-gel'lum, pi. flagel'la. i. A long locomotor 
cilium. 2. An unclassified ciliated protozoan 
parasite. [L., “ little whip.”] ffla-gel'll-form. 
flail'sjoint. A joint showing great mobility, as the 
elbow-joint after resection. 

Flajani’s disease (fla-ya'niz). Exophthalmic goitre, 
flake'sman-na. The purest and best commercial 
variety of manna. F.swhite, lead carbonate, 
flambage (flam-bazh). The singeing of wounds. [F.] 
flank. That part of the body between the false 
ribs and the ossa innominata. 
flan'nel rash. = Lichen circinatus. 
flap. A loose-hanging, wide, and partly attached 
mass of tissue detached (except at one side) by 
the surgeon’s knife. F. amputation, an amputa¬ 
tion in which flaps are made for the purpose of 
forming a stump. F.=ear, a pendulous condition 
of the ear. F. extraction, extraction of a cata¬ 
ract by cutting a flap in the cornea. F.ssplitting 
operation, an operation for lacerated perineum in 
which raw surfaces are obtained by splitting 
the tissues without removing them, 
flap'less amputation. Amputation in which flaps 
cannot be formed because of the destruction of 
the soft parts. 

flap'ping sound. A sound made by closure of the 
cardiac valves. 

flash. A preparation of capsicum with burnt sugar, 
used for coloring brandy and rum and giving 
them a fictitious strength, 
flash'spoint. Kerosene. 

flaskflng. In dentistry, the encasing of the cast 
and model plate in a flask with a suitable com¬ 
pound, as plaster of Paris, 
flat bone. A bone whose general shape is flat, as 
the frontal, occipital, parietal, nasal, lachrymal, 
vomer, scapula, sternum, ribs, and innominate 
bones; os planum*. F. chest, a deformity of the 
chest in which it is flattened from before back. 
F. condyloma = coNDYLOM.\ latum. F. ear = 
Morel’s ear. F.sfoot, a condition in which the 
natural arch of the foot is obliterated and the 
sole becomes flat, the tarsus sinking down; 
spurious talipes valgus, i®- Talipes; pes. F. 
knot = REEF KNOT. 

flat'ness. The*non-resonant sound obtained by per¬ 
cussing over a solid part or a part destitute of air. 
flat'u-lence, flat'u-len-cy. Undue generation of 
gases in the stomach and intestines. i^Meteo- 
RiSM. [< L. fla'tus wind.] 
flat'u-lent. Having flatulence or causing flatulence. 
F. dyspepsia, dyspepsia accompanied by an ex¬ 
cessive development of gas in the stomach, 
fla'tus. Wind or gas in the stomach or bowels. 
F. vagina'lis, expulsion of air from the vagina, 
accompanied by rumbling; garrulity of - the 
vulva. [ < L. -fia're to blow.] 
flat'worm. A tapeworm, Taenia. 
flav-an'i-lin. A yellow crystalline dye. CjoHi^N,, 
derived from acetanilide. 


FLAVEDO 


853 


FLEXOR 


fla-ve'do. i. Yellowness, as of the skin. 2. The 
outer part of the rind of an orange. [ L.] 
fla-ves'cent. Yellowish or turning yellow; pale 
yellow. [< L. fla'vus yellow.] 
flav'in. I. A yellowishsbrown dye-stuff formed by 
the action of sulphuric acid on quercetin. 2. A 
yellow crystalline compound, CjgHjjNjO. 
flav'in-din. A yellow crystalline substance, isomeric 
with indigo =blue, formed by the action of potash 
on indigo. 

flav'ol. A yellow crystalline substance, C14HJ0O2, 
derived from anthracene; dioxyanthracene. 
flav-o-pur'pu-rin. A yellowish coabtar dye, Cj^Hg- 
O3, isomeric with purpurin; trioxyanthraquinone. 
fla' vor. The quality which affects or pleases the taste, 
flax. An annual plant, Li'num usitatis'simum, 
generally cultivated in civilized countries for its 
fibre, which is the raw material of linen, and 
for its seed, which yields linseed oil. 
flax'sdres-sers’ disease or phthisis. A form of pneu¬ 
monia occurring in flax=dressers and caused by 
inhaling solid particles. 

flax'seed. = Linum*. F. poultice, a poultice 
made of flaxseed meal and boiling water. 

Fldr. Abbr. for fluidrachm: more usual form 
Fl. dr. 

flea. = PuLEx. F. seeds, seeds of Nigel'la, or 
fennebflower. 

flea'bane. =Erigeron. F. oil = oleum erig- 

ERONTIS*. 

fleam. = Phlebotome. 

Flech'sig’s tract. The anterior groundsbundle. 
F.’s treatment, the use of opium followed by bro¬ 
mides in treating epilepsy, 
fleece of Stilling. The investment of interlacing 
white fibres around the dentate nucleus of the 
cerebellum. 


2 





FlEISCHL-MiESCHEr’s H.EMOGLOBINOMETER. - 1 . Stand. 

a Stage, b. Color-prism rack. c. Milled head. d. 
Cell. e. Cover-glass, f. Cap. g. Cell seen from above. 
2. Mixing pipette. 3. Color-prism. (Wilson.) 


‘ FleischlsMiesch'er’s hsemoglobinometer. One in 

which diluted blood is colorimetrically compared 
with a colored glass wedge.. F.’s law, the law 
that the excitability of a nerve varies at different 
p>oints. 

Fleisch'mann’s bursa. The sublingual bursa. 

23 


Fleit'mann’s test. A test for arsenic made by gen¬ 
erating hydrogen in a test-tube from zinc and a 
solution of potassium hydrate, placing over the 
mouth of the tube a piece of filter=paper 
moistened with a drop of silver nitrate solution, 
and then heating, when if arsenic be present in 
the reagent the silver nitrate will be turned black, 
fleme. = Phlebotome. 

Fleming’s tincture of aconite (N. F.). A 70% tinc¬ 
ture of aconite. Dose, 0.06 Cc. (i min.). 
Flem'ming’s germ=centres. The centres of growth 
in lymphoid tissue. [ Tf//&.’09.] F.’s solution, 
a fixing fluid containing chromic, osmic, and 
acetic acids. 

flesh. The muscles, and generally the soft parts, 
of an animal. F.sjuice, the juice expressed from 
meat. F. peptone = beef peptone. F.splate = 
MuscLEsPLATE. ■ F. Stratum, the parietal meso- 
blast. F.sworm = COMEDO, fflcsh'y, resembling 
flesh; composed of flesh; as F. mole, a uterine 
mole in which the foetus has atrophied; carneous 
mole: and F. pons, a projection of the heart*wall 
between the pulmonary artery and the right 
auriculoventricular opening, 
flet'cher-ism. The practice of chewing all solid 
food taken into the mouth to a milky consistency 
before swallowing, and of sipping all liquids. [< 
Horace Fletcher, American investigator, 1849- •] 

flex. To bend, as a joint or a jointed limb, fflcxed 

toe = HAMMERsTOE. 

flexibil'itas ce'rea. A resistance to passive move¬ 
ments often observed in catalepsy, which makes 
an impression upon the examiner as if he were 
moulding wax; waxy flexibility. [L.j 
flex'i-ble, flex'ile. Easily bent without breaking. F. 
collodion = coLLODiuM FLEXILE*. F. pillar, a 
jointed pillar which allows the body of the micro¬ 
scope to be inclined. F. probe, an easily bend¬ 
ing probe for introduction into irregular passages. 
F. vulcanite, pliable vulcanite, containing little 
sulphur: used in dentistry. [ < L. -flee'tere to bend.] 
flex'ion. The act of bending; the state of being 
bent; especially the formation of an angle at a 
joint: the opposite of extension. ^Ante¬ 
flexion; RETROFLEXION. F.sstage, the stage of 
labor in which the fetal head is flexed. 

Flex'ner’s serum. A serum for the treatment of 
epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis; antimenin- 
gitic serum. Dose, 5 to 10 Cc., injected intra- 
durally, and to be repeated, 
flex'or. A muscle which produces flexion. F. ac- 
cesso'rius digito'rum pe'dis, a muscle arising from 
the outer and inner surfaces of the os calcis, and 
inserted into the tendon of the flexor longus 
digitorum muscle: it aids in flexing the toes. F. 
accesso'rius lon'gus digito'rum pe'dis, a muscle 
arising from the shaft of the tibia or fibula and 
inserted into the tubercle of the os calcis and 
the tendon of the flexor longus: it aids in flexing 
the toes. F. bre'vis digito'rum pe'dis, a muscle 
arising from the inner tuberosity of the os calcis 
and plantar fascia and inserted into the second 
phalanges of the lesser toes, which it flexes. F. 
bre'vis hallu'cis, a muscle arising from the under 
surface of the cuboid bone, external cuneiform 
bone, and plantar ligaments, and inserted into 
the base of the first phalanx of the great toe, 
which it flexes. F. bre'vis min'imi dig'iti ma'nus, 
a muscle arising from the unciform bone and 
annular ligament and inserted into the first 
phalanx of the little finger, which it flexes. F. 
bre'vis min'imi dig'iti pe'dis, a muscle arising 



































































































































FLEXURA 


354 


FLOWER 


from the base of the fifth metatarsal and in¬ 
serted into the base of the first phalanx of the 
little toe, which it flexes. F. bre'vis pol'licis 
ma'nus, a muscle arising by two heads from the 
lower edge of the anterior annular ligament and 
ridge of the trapezium, and the os magnum and 
. bases of the first, second, and third metacarpal 
bones: it flexes the metacarpal of the thumb. 
F. bre'vis pol'licis pe'dis = F. brevis hallucis. 
F. car'pi radia'lis, a muscle arising by the com¬ 
mon tendon from the internal condyle of the 
humerus and inserted into the base of the second 
metacarpal bone; palmaris magnus. F. car'pi 
ulna'ris, a muscle arising by two heads from the 
internal condyle and olecranon and ulna, and in¬ 
serted into the fifth metacarpal, pisiform bone, 
and annular ligament; it flexes the wrist. F. 
cru'ris = BICEPS flexor femoris. F. in'dicis, 
a portion of the flexor profundus digitorum 
going to the index finger. F. lon'gus digito'rum 
pe'dis, a muscle which arises from the posterior 
surface of the tibia and is inserted into the pha¬ 
langes of the last four toes: it flexes the toes 
and extends the foot. F. lon'gus hallu'cis = F. 
LONGUS poLLicis PEDIS. F. lon'gus pol'licis, a 
muscle which arises from the anterior part of the 
radius and interosseous ligament and is inserted 
into the second phalanx of the thumb: it flexes 
the thumb and hand. F. lon'gus pol'licis pe'dis, 
a muscle which arises from the posterior part of 
the fibula and is inserted into the second pha¬ 
lanx of the great toe, which it flexes. F. os'sis 
metacar'pi pol'licis = opponens pollicis. F. 
per'forans = F. brevis digitorum pedis. F. 
profun'dus digito'rum, a muscle arising princi¬ 
pally from the shaft of the ulna and inserted into 
the last phalanges, which it flexes. F. subli'mis 
digito'rum, a flexor muscle arising by three heads 
from the inner condyle, the coronoid process, 
and the oblique line of the radius, and inserted 
by four tendons into the second phalanges. [L.] 
flex-u'ra*, flex'ure. A bending or flexing. [L.] 
flex'us. A bending or flexure. e^Neck^bend. 
flick'er-ing scotoma. = Scotoma scintillans. 
FlindtsKop'lik’s sign. = Kop- 
lik’s spots. 

flint disease. Chalicosis from 
inhalation of particles of 
flint. F. glass, a glass con¬ 
taining a large proportion 
of lead, and having a higher 
index of refraction than 
crown glass and a disper¬ 
sive power much more than 
proportionately greater, so 
that it can be used with 
crown glass to destroy dis¬ 
persion without completely 
neutralizing refraction, i. e., 
to correct chromatic aberra¬ 
tion ; lead glass. Liquor of 
f. = WATERsGLASS. 

Flint’s arcade. The arterio¬ 
venous arch around the 
base of the renal pyramids 



Flint’s 

From 

injected 

stained. 


Arcade.— 
a section 
but not 


F.’s murmur, a presystolic 
rumbling murmur heard at 
the apex in certain cases of 

aortic insufficiency although no mitral stenosis is 
present: generally explained as due to the action of 
the regurgitant aortic current interfering with the 
mitral valve or with the current passing through it. 


flit'ter-ing scotoma. = Scotoma scintillans. 
float'ing. Unattached; not fixed. F. albumin = 
CIRCULATING ALBUMIN. F. Cartilages = CORPORA 
LIBERA ARTicuLORUM. F. kidney, a displaced 
and movable kidney. F. liver, a liver which 
moves from its normal position on account of 
laxity of the ligaments. F. proteid = circulat¬ 
ing ALBUMIN. F. ribs, the last two false ribs, 
whose anterior extremities are connected neither 
with the rest nor with each other. F. spleen, a 
spleen which is freely movable from its normal 
position. F. tumor, a movable body in the 
abdomen, as a loosely attached kidney or spleen, 
an ovarian cyst, or a collection of foreign matter. 
^floc'ci volitan'tes. The imaginary objects floating 
before the eyes in cases of depraved sight. 
Musc^ voLiTANTES. [ L., “floating locks of 
wool.”] 

floc-cil-la'tion, floc-ci-ta'tion, floc-ci-le'gi um. = 

Carphqlogy. 

floc'cose growth. A bacterial growth characterized 
by filaments more closely matted together than 
in a filamentous growth. 

floc'cu-lar. Relating to the flocculus. F. fossa, a 
depression in the posterior surface of the tem¬ 
poral bone lodging the flocculus. F. process, the 
flocculus. 

floc'cule. = Flocculus. 

floc'cu-lent. Containing flaky masses like wool; 

flaky; downy: a.s F. precipitate. 
floc'cu-lus. A little elliptical lobe of the cerebellum 
occupying the outer part of the angular space in 
front of the middle peduncle, between the supe¬ 
rior and inferior lobes; lobus nervi pneumo- 
gastrici. 

flood'ing. I. Uterine hemorrhage, particularly in 
connection with parturition. 2. Excessive men¬ 
struation. 

Flood’s ligament. The glenohumeral ligament of 
the shoulder joint. 

floor. The circumscribed basal area of any cavity 
or hollow organ, as of the cerebral ventricles. 
F.scells, the cells of the floor of the arch of Corti. 
F.smaggot, Auchmeromyia luteola. F.=plate, 
the embryonic plate which forms the floor of the 
primitive neural canal. 

flo'ra. The plants of a special district or period. 
Florence test. The use of a strong solution of 
iodine and potassium iodide as a test for sper¬ 
matic fluid, brown crystals in the shape of needles 
or plates being formed when it is present. 
Flor'en-tine iris or orris. e^Iris. 
flo'res. The Latin plural of flos, flower. F. 
un'guium, the white spots seen on the nails; 
mendacia. 

flor'id phthisis. = Galloping consumption. 
Flor'i-da fever. A thermic fever of tropical coun¬ 
tries, resembling typhoid fever. F. water, a 
propi'ietary perfumed toilet water, 
flour. A finely ground meal, particularly of wheat. 
Flourens’s doctrine (flu-ronz). The doctrine that 
the entire cerebrum is occupied in every mental 
process, the different faculties not being localized, 
flow. To menstruate; to menstruate profusely, 
flow'er. I. That part of a plant which comprises 
the organs of reproduction, the essential parts of 
which are stamens and pistils. 2. The powdery 
form assumed by certain bodies on sublimation 
or crystallization.. F. of arsenic, arsenic trioxide. 
F. of benzoin or Benjamin, benzoic acid. F. of 
bismuth, a yellowish bismuth oxide. F. of cam¬ 
phor, camphor in a loose powder obtained by 








FLOWER’S ANGLE 


355 


FLUIDEXTRACTUM 


sublimation. F. of sulphur, sublimed sulphur. 
F. of vinegar, mould formed on liquids under¬ 
going acetous fermentation. F. of zinc, zinc 
oxide. [< L. fios, gen. flo'ris, flower.] 

Flow'er’s angle. = Nasimal.\r angle. 
flu'a-vil, fiu'a-nil. A yellow resin, C20H32O, ex¬ 
tracted from gutta=percha by alcohol, 
fluc-tu-a'tion. i. An undulating movement ob¬ 
tained on palpation where a collection of fluid is 
present as in a cyst or an abscess. 2. Variation 
deviating from an average in various directions 
without changing the average, Mutation. 
flu'id. A condition or phase of matter, charac¬ 
terized by definite volume without definite shape, 
having mobility and assuming the shape of the 
container; liquid. The term is also used to include 
the condition of a gas, which has neither definite 
volume nor definite shape but completely fills 
any closed container. F. cataract, a variety of 
cataract in which the lens is reduced to a fluid 
consistence and has a milky color; milky cata¬ 
ract ; lacteal cataract. F. of Cotunnius, ^ 
CoTUNNius. F. extract — fluidextract. F. 
magnesia = liquor magnesii carbonatis. F. 
medium, any fluid culture*medium, as bouillon. 
F. veins, currents or eddies, as in a larger portion 
of a blood-vessel just beyond a constriction. [< 
L. flu'ere to flow.] 

flu-id-ex'tract. A concentrated liquid solution of 
the active principles of a vegetable drug, ob¬ 
tained by a process of extraction, and stronger 
than the ordinary tinctures. In the U. S. P. 
preparations one cubic centimetre represents one 
gramme of the crude drug, 
fluidextrac'tum*. The term used in the U. S. P. for 
fluid extracts in order to group them together 
in the alphabetical arrangement, as F. aconiti* 
for Extractum aconiti fluidum of the 1890 U. S. P. 
F. aconi'ti*, fluidextract of aconite. Dose, 0.05 Cc. 
(i min.). F. adon'idis (N. F.), fluidextract of 
adonis (bird’s eye). Dose, 0.13 Cc. (2 mins.). 
F. alet'ridis (N. F.), fluidextract of aletris (star- 
grass). Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. angel'icae 
radi'cis (N. F.), fluidextract of angelica root 
(angelica). Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. a'pii 
graveolen'tis (N. F.), fluidextract of celery. 
Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. apoc'yni*, fluidex¬ 
tract of apocynum. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). F. 
ara'liae racemo'sae (N. F.), fluidextract of aralia 
racemosa (American spikenard). Dose, 2 Cc. 
(30 mins.). F. ar'nicae flo'rum (N.F.), fluidex¬ 
tract of arnica flowers (arnica). Dose, i Cc. (15 
mins.). F. aromat'icum*, aromatic fluidextract. 
Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). F. auran'tii ama'ri*, fluid- 
extract of bitter orange peel. Dose, i Cc. (15 
mins.). F. belladon'nae radi'cis*, fluidextract of 
belladonna root. Dose, 0.05 Cc. (i min.). F. ber- 
ber'idis*, fluidextract of berberis. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 
mins.). F. bol'di (N.F.), fluidextract of boldo. 
Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). F. bu'chu*, fluidextract of 
buchu. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. bu'chu com- 
pos'itum (N. F.), compound fluidextract of buchu. 
Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. cal'ami*, fluidex¬ 
tract of calamus. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). F. 
calen'dul® (N. F.), fluidextract of calendula 
(marigold). Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). F. calum'bae*, 
fluidextract of calumba. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 
F. camel'liae (N. F.), fluidextract of camellia 
(tea). Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. can'nabis in'- 
dicae*, fluidextract of Indian cannabis. Dose. 
0.05 Cc. (i min.). F. cap'sici*, fluidextract of 
capsicum. Dose, 0.05 Cc. (i min.). F. caulo- 


phyl'li (N. F.), fluidextract of caulophyllum (blue 
cohosh). Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). F. chimaph'- 
ilae*, fluidextract of chimaphila. Dose, 2 Cc. 
(30 mins.). F. chira'tae*, fluidextract of chirata. 
Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). F. cimicif'ugae*, fluid- 
extract of cimicifuga. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). 
F. cincho'nae*, fluidextract of cinchona. Dose, i 
Cc. (15 mins.). F. co'cae*, fluidextract of coca. 
Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. cof'feae tos'tae (N. F.), 
fluidextract of roasted coffee (coffee). Dose, 2 
Cc. (30 mins.). F. cof'feae vir'idis (N. F.), fluid- 
extract of green coffee (coffee). Dose, 2 Cc. (30 
mins.). F. col'chici sem'inis*, fluidextract of 
colchicum seed. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). F. 
coni'i*, fluidextract of conium. Dose, 0.2 Cc. 
(3 mins.). F. convalla'riae*, fluidextract of con- 
vallaria. Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). F. con¬ 
valla'riae flo'rum (N. F.), fluidextract of con- 
vallaria flowers (lily of the valley). Dose, 
0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). F. cop'tis (N. F.), fluidextract 
of coptis (goldthread). Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 
F. cor'nus (N. F.), fluidextract of cornus (dog¬ 
wood). Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). F. cor'nus cir- 
cina'tae (N. F.), fluidextract of cornus circinata 
(green osier). Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). F. coryd'- 
alis (N. F.), fluidextract of corydalis (turkey 
corn). Dose, 0.65 Cc. (10 mins.). F. co'to (N. 
F.), fluidextract of coto. Dose, 0.3 Cc. (5 
mins.). F. cube'bae*, fluidextract of cubeb. 
Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). F. cypripe'dii*, fluidex¬ 
tract of cypripedium. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). 
F. digitalis*, fluidextract of digitalis. Dose, 0.05 
Cc. (i min.). F. ergo'tae*, fluidextract of ergot. 
Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. eriodic'tyi*, fluidex¬ 
tract of eriodictyon. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). F. 
eucalyp'ti*, fluidextract of eucalyptus. Dose, 
2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. euon'ymi*, fluidextract 
of euonymus. Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). F. 
eupato'rii*, fluidextract of eupatorium. Dose, 
2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. fran'gulae*, fluidextract 
of frangula. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). F. fu'ei 
(N. F.), fluidextract of fucus (bladder-wrack). 
Dose, 0.65 Cc. (10 mins.). F. gelse'mii*, 
fluidextract of gelsemium. Dose, 0.05 Cc. 
(i min.). F. gentia'nae*, fluidextract of 
gentian. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). F. gera'nii*, 
fluidextract of geranium. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). 
F. glycyrrhi'zae*, fluidextract of glycyrrhiza. 
Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. grana'ti*, fluidex¬ 
tract of pomegranate. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 
F. grinde'liae*, fluidextract of grindelia. Dose, 
2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. guara'nae*, fluidextract of 
guarana. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. hamamel'- 
idis folio'rum*, fluidextract of hamamelis leaves. 
Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. helian'themi (N. F.), 
fluidextract of helianthemum (frostswort). Dose, 
4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). F. hu'muli (N. F.), fluidextract 
of hops. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. hydran'- 
geae (N. F.), fluidextract of hydrangea (seven 
barks). Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.j. F. hydras'tis*, 
fluidextract of hydrastis. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 
F. hyoscy'ami*, fluidextract of hyoscyamus. 
Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3^ mins.). F. ipecacuan'hae*, 
fluidextract of ipecac. Emetic dose, i Cc. (15 
mins.). Expectorant dose, 0.05 Cc. (i min.). 
F. jal'apae (N. F.), fluidextract of jalap. Dose, 
I Cc. (15 mins.). F. juglan'dis (N. F.), fluid- 
extract of juglans (butternut). Dose, 4 Cc. (i 
fl. dr.). F. junip'eri (N. F.), fluidextract of juni¬ 
per. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). F. ka'vae (N. F.), 
fluidextract of kava. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). 
F. krame'riae*, fluidextract of krameria. Dose, 


FLUIDEXTRACTUM 


356 


FLYsAGARIC 


I Cc. (15 mins.). F. lap'pse*, fluidextract of 
lappa. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. leptan'drae*, 
fluidextract of leptandra. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). 
F. lobe'liae*, fluidextract of lobelia. Dose, 0.5 
Cc. (8 mins.). F. lupuli'ni*, fluidextract of lu- 
pulin. Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). F. mal'ti (N. F.), 
fluidextract of malt. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). 
F. mati'co*, fluidextract of matico. Dose, 4 Cc. 
(i fl. dr.). F. menyan'tbis (N. F.), fluidextract 
of menyanthes (buckbean). Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). 
F. meze'rei*, fluidextract of mezereum. Dose, 
0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). F. nu'cis vom'icae*, fluidex¬ 
tract of nux vomica. Dose, 0.05 Cc. (i min.). 
F. parei'rae*, fluidextract of pareira. Dose, 2 Cc. 
(30 mins.). F. petroseli'ni rad'icis (N. F.), fluid- 
extract of parsley root (parsley). Dose, 2 Cc. 
(30 mins.). F. phytolac'cae*, fluidextract of phyto- 
lacca. Emetic dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). Alter¬ 
ative dose, o.i Cc. (i^ mins.). F. pilocar'pi*, 
fluidextract of pilocarpus. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 
F. podophyl'li*, fluidextract of podophyllum. 
Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). F. pru'ni virginia'nae*, 
fluidextract of wild cherry. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 
mins.). F. quas'siae*, fluidextract of quassia. 
Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). F. quer'cus*, fluidex¬ 
tract of quercus. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). F. 
quilla'jae*, fluidextract of quillaja. Dose, 0.2 Cc. 
(3 mins.). F. rham'ni purshia'nae*, fluidextract 
of cascara sagrada. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). F. 
rham'ni purshia'nae alkali'num (N. F.), alkaline 
(bitterless) fluidextract of cascara sagrada. 
Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). F. rham'ni purshia'nae 
aromat'icum*, aromatic fluidextract of cascara 
sagrada. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). F. rhe'i*, 
fluidextract of rhubarb. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). 
F. rho'is gla'brae*, fluidextract of rhus glabra. 
Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). F. ro'sae*, fluidextract of 
rose. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. ru'bi*, fluidex¬ 
tract of rubus. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). F. sabi'- 
nae*, fluidextract of savin. Dose, 0.3 Cc. (5 
mins.). F. sanguina'riae*, fluidextract of sangui- 
naria. Dose, o.i Cc. (i^ mins.). F. sarsaparil'- 
lae*, fluidextract of sarsaparilla. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 
mins.). F. sarsaparil'lae compos'itum*, com¬ 
pound fluidextract of sarsaparilla. Dose, 2 Cc. 
(30 mins.). F. scil'lae*, fluidextract of squill. 
Dose, O.I Cc. (i^ mins.). F. scopo'lae*, fluidex-. 
tract of scopola. Dose, 0.05 Cc. (i min.). F. 
scutella'riae*, fluidextract of Scutellaria. Dose, i 
Cc. (15 mins.). F. sen'egae*, fluidextract of sen¬ 
ega. Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). F. sen'nae*, fluid- 
extract of senna. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. 
serpenta'riae*, fluidextract of serpentaria. Dose, 
I Cc. (15 mins.). F. spige'liae*, fluidextract of 
spigelia. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). F. staphisag'- 
rias*, fluidextract of staphisagria. Dose, 0.05 Cc. 
(i min.). F. stercu'liae (N. F.), fluidextract of 
sterculia (kola). Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). F. 
stillin'giae*, fluidextract of stillingia. Dose, 2 
Cc. (30 mins.). F. stillin'giae compos'itum (N. F.), 
compound fluidextract of stillingia. Dose, 2 Cc. 
(30 mins.). F. stramo'nii*, fluidextract of stramo¬ 
nium. Dose, 0.05 Cc. (i ,min.). F. sum'bul*, 
fluidextract of sumbul. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 
F. tarax'aci*, fluidextract of taraxacum. Dose, 
8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). F. tril'lii (N. F.), fluidextract 
of trillium (beth^root). Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 
F. trit'ici*, fluidextract of triticum. Dose, 8 Cc. 
(2 fl. drs.). F. tume'rae (N. F.), fluidextract of 
turnera (damiana). Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. 
urti'cae (N. F.), fluidextract of urtica (nettle). 
Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. u'vae ur'si*, fluidex¬ 


tract of uva ursi. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. 
valeria'nae*, fluidextract of valerian. Dose, 2 
Cc. (30 mins.) F. vera'tri*, fluidextract of ve- 
ratrum. Dose, 0.1 Cc. (i^ mins.). F. verbas'ci 
(N. F.), fluidextract of verbascum (mullein). 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). F. verbe'nae (N. F.), fluid- 
extract of verbena (vervain). Dose, i Cc. (15 
mins.). F. vibur'ni op'uli*, fluidextract of vibur¬ 
num opulus. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. vibur'¬ 
ni prunifo'lii*, fluidextract of viburnum prunifo- 
lium. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). F. xanthox'yli*, 
fluidextract of xanthoxylum. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 
mins.). F. ze'ae (N. F.), fluidextract of zea 
(Indian com). Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). F. zingib'r 
v eris*, fluidextract of ginger. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.), 
ku-id'i-ty. The quality of being fluid, 
flu'id-ounce. Eight fluidrachms. Weights and 

MEASURES, TABLE OF. 

flu'i-drachm. Sixty minims. Weights and 
MEASURES, table OF. 

flu'i-gramme. A name for cubic centimetre, 
fluke. Any trematode parasitic worm. Distoma. 
flum'mer-y. A sort of flour or meal jelly; any very 
light form of food for convalescent persons, 
flu-o-hy'dric acid. = Hydrofluoric acid. 
flu'or. A flowing, or flux. F. al'bus = leucor- 
rhcea. [< L. flu'ere to flow.] 
flu-o-ran'thene. A solid coabtar product, 
flu'o-rene. A solid product, C^gHjo, of the distil¬ 
lation of coabtar. 

flu-o-res'ce-in. A red plasma stain, CgoHjgOg, with 
a bright green fluorescence: used in studying 
affections of the eye. 

flu-o-res'cence. A property which certain bodies 
possess, of changing absorbed light waves into 
new light waves (always longer than the original 
ones) instead of into heat, j-flu-o-res'cent. 
flu-o-res'cent screen, Fluoroscope. 
flu-o-res'cin. A yellow reduction product of fluo¬ 
rescein; resorcin =phthalein. Icard’s test. 
flu-or'ic acid. = Hydrofluoric acid. 
flu'o-ride. A salt of hydrofluoric acid. F. plasma, 
plasma from blood kept fluid by a fluoride, 
flu'o-rine. A gaseous, nonsmetallic element which 
violently attacks almost all substances and spon¬ 
taneously ignites many metals: it does not com¬ 
bine with oxygen. ^Elements, table of. 
flu'o-ro-form. A gas, CHFg, chemically analogous 
to chloroform: used in pertussis, 
flu'o-ro-scope. An apparatus for examining deep* 
seated parts by means of the Rontgen rays, the 
essential portion of which is a screen {fluorescent 
or fluorescence screen) coated with barium plati- 
nocyanide, or sometimes with calcium tungstate, 
which become fluorescent under the rays, fflu- 
o-ros'co-py. 

flu-o-sil'i-cate. = Silicofluoride. 
flush. I. The temporary redness and heat caused 
by accumulation of blood in the capillaries of 
the face. F. centres, the cheeks. 2. To wash 
out by a swift fluid discharge, 
flushstank sign. The temporary disappearance of 
a lumbar swelling upon passing a large amount 
of urine: an indication of hydronephrosis, 
flux. I. Any excessive discharge, especially from 
the bowels. 2. In dentistry, a material which 
will dissolve metallic oxides and aid in the fusion 
of metals, as borax. [ < L. flu'ere to flow.] fflux'- 
ion, active CONGESTION. flux'us = flux, def. i. 
flysag'a-ric. = Amanita muscaria. F.=blister, a 
blister of cantharides. F.spowder, a black 
powder formed by the exposure of metallic 


FLYING BLISTER 


357 


FOLIN’S METHOD 


arsenic to a moist atmosphere till it becomes 
partly oxidized: employed for destroying flies. 
F.sstone, a native ore containing cobalt and arse¬ 
nic: used as a flyspoison when broken up and 
mixed with sweetened water. F.=trap, Venus’s, 
^Dion^a. F.=wood = quassia*. 
ly'ing blister. A mode of treatment employed for 
the purpose of insuring a more diffusive counter¬ 
irritation. According to this plan, the blister 
remains only till it produces a rubefacient effect; 
a second blister is then applied to some other 
part, and so on in succession. F. heat = vESTUs 
VOLATICUS. 

foal’s cramp. Luxation or displacement of the 
patella in the colt or young horse, 
foam'y organs. Viscera containing frothy liquid 
due to the gas bacillus. 

fo'cal. Pertaining to a focus. F. depth, the pene¬ 
tration of a lens as measured by the vertical 
range through which it gives satisfactory vision. 
F. disease, a nervous disease characterized by 
focal lesions. F. distance, the distance of the 
principal focus from the centre of the lens or 
mirror. F. epilepsy, Jacksonian epilepsy. F. 
hemorrhage, localized hemorrhage, as distin¬ 
guished from diffuse hemorrhage. F. illumina¬ 
tion, ILLUMINATION. F. inflammation, local¬ 
ized inflammation. F. interval, the distance 
between the anterior and posterior focal points. 
F. length = F. distance. F. lesion, a lesion of 
the nervous system circumscribed by definite 
limits. F. lines, lines, an anterior and a poste¬ 
rior, bounding the focal interval. F. meningitis, 
meningitis in which only a small area is involved. 
F. myelitis, myelitis. F, planes, anterior and 
posterior planes passing perpendicularly to the 
principal axis through the focal points. F. points, 
CARDINAL POINTS, def. I. F. sclcrosis, multi¬ 
ple cerebrospinal sclerosis, 
fo'cil. Either of the bones of the leg, the tibia 
being the greater /., the fibula, the lesser f .: some¬ 
times also‘applied to the bones of the forearm, 
fo-cim'e-ter. An instrument for finding the focus 
of a lens. 



Microscopic Section of Folniculum. 

fo'cus, pi. fo'ci. I. In optics, the point of conver¬ 
gence of rays of light after passing through a 
convex lens or being reflected from a concave 


mirror; real focus. Conjugate f., the focus at 
which rays proceeding from any luminous point 
meet after refraction or reflection. This focus 
and the luminous point are called conjugate foci, 
because at whichever one the luminous point be 
placed the rays will be focussed at the other. 
Equivalent f., the focal distance of a compound 
lens referred to that of a simple one. Principal 
f., the point of convergence of rays which are 
parallel when they strike the lens or mirror. 
Real f. = FOCUS, def. i. Virtual f., the imaginary 
point of intersection of divergent rays. 2. In 
pathology, the principal seat, or any strongly 
marked seat, of a disease-process. [ L., “ hearth,” 
‘‘ fireplace.”] 

Foenic'ulum*. i. Fennel, a genus of umbellifer¬ 
ous plants. 2. The U. S. P. name for the dried, 
nearly ripe fruit of 
Fcenic'ulum vulga're; 
fennehseed: a grateful 
aromatic, carmina¬ 
tive, and corrigent. 

Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.) 
fce'num grae'cum. = 

Fenugreek. 
foe'tal. = Fetal, ffoe- 
ta'tion = FETATION, 
foe'ti-cide, the murder 
of the foetus in utero; 
criminal abortion, 
fce'tid. = Fetid. 

tor = FETOR, 
foe'tus, fe'tus, pi. fce'tus, 
fe'tuses. The child in 
utero from the end of 
the third month of 
gestation till birth. F. 
in foe'tU = INCLUDED 
FCETus. F. papyra'- 
ceus (compres'sus), a 
dead foetus which has 
been compressed by 
its twin against the 
uterine walls till it has 
become a thin, parch- 
mentdike mass. F. 
sanguinolen'tis, a dead 
foetus in a condition 
of moist solution or maceration: usually due to 
syphilis. 

fold. A part laid over on another part, 
fo'lia. Leaves. F. cerebelTi, an assemblage of 
laminae observed on the surface of the cerebellum, 
composed of a central core of white matter cov¬ 
ered by gray. [ L.] 

foTi an process. The slender process of the mal¬ 
leus. 

fo'li-ate. Having the form of a leaf. F. papillae, 
folds of mucous membrane at the sides of the 
tongue near its base. [ < L. fo'lium leaf.] 
fo-lie. Insanity. F. circulaire = circular insan» 
ITY. F. a deux, insanity induced or communi¬ 
cated from one person to another. F. du doute 
= DOUBTING INSANITY. F. raisonnante, insanity 
without marked impairment of the reasoning 
powers. [ F.] 

Fo'lin’s method, i. A method of quantitative de¬ 
termination of ammonia. 2. A method of quan¬ 
titative determination of urea by converting it 
into ammonia. 3. Quantitative estimation of 
uric acid by precipitating it as ammonium urate 
and oxidizing with permanganate. 



Clarified Human Fcetus, 
Showing Partially Ossi¬ 
fied Skeleton.— The foe¬ 
tus is about three and one- 
half months old and drawn 
one-half of natural size. 
(Piersol.) 



FOLIUM 


358 


FORAMEN 


fo'lium. A lamina of gray matter between the 
rimulae on the surface of the cerebellum. F. 
cacu'minis, F. ver'mis*, the hindmost portion of 
the superior vermiform process of the cerebellum. 
It is a narrow band joining the posterior su¬ 
perior lobes of opposite sides of the cerebellum. 
Fo'lius’s process. The long process of the malleus, 
folk medicine. Medicine based on popular obser¬ 
vances and superstitions. 

fol'li-cle. A little bag: applied in anatomy to a 
very small cavity or tubular gland, as the hair* 
glands and the sebaceous glands of the skin. [ < 
L. follic'ulus, dim. of fol'lis bag.] 
fol-lic'u-lar. Resembling or belonging to a follicle; 
containing or of the nature of follicles. F. 
abscess, suppuration of Individual follicles. F. 
body, Bartholin’s gland. F. conjunctivitis, 
CONJUNCTIVITIS. F. gland, a gland which con¬ 
sists of or begins in a follicle. F. inflammation, 
CATARRHAL INFLAMMATION. F. laryngitis, 
LARYNGITIS. F. CBsophagitis, swelling of the 
mucous glands of the oesophagus. F. ophthalmia, 
follicular conjunctivitis. F. pharyngitis, 
PHARYNGITIS. F. StomatitiS, STOMATITIS. F. 
syphilide, cS"Syphilide. F. tonsillitis, ^tonsil¬ 
litis. F. trachoma, trachoma affecting princi¬ 
pally the meibomian glands. F. tumor, a seba¬ 
ceous cyst. F. ulcer, a small ulcer on a mucous 
membrane, having its origin in a lymphsfollicle. 
F. vulvitis, VULVITIS, 
follic'uli ciliaTes. = Meibomian glands. 
fol-lic-u-li'tis. Inflammation of a follicle, or of a 
set of follicles. F. absce'dens infan'tum, a form 
of folliculitis common in children and leading to 
abscesses. F. bar^bae, inflammation of the hair= 
follicles of the beard, Sycosis. F. decal'vans, 
chronic folliculitis, especially of the scalp, leav¬ 
ing bald scars; Quinquaud’s disease. F. exul'ce- 
rans = hydradenitis destruens suppurativa. 
fol-li-cu'li um. The liquor folliculi. [ L.] 
fol-lic'u-lus*, pi. -It. = Follicle. F. pi'li* = 

HAIRsFOLLICLE. [ L.] 

Foltz’s valve. The membranous fold at the lachry¬ 
mal canaliculus. 

fo-men-ta'tion. i. A warm, moist material applied 
to the surface of the body. 2. The act of apply¬ 
ing a fomentation. Dry f,, an application of 
something warm and dry, as a hot flannel, to the 
body. [< L. fomenta'tio, fr. fove're to keep 
warm.] ffo-nien'ter, a metallic vessel to be filled 
with hot water and used in heating or steaming 
any part of the body. 

fo'mes, pi. fom'ites. Any porous substance capable 
of absorbing contagious effluvia, as woollen 
clothing, etc. [L., “tinder.”] 
fons pulsat'ilis. The anterior fontanel. [< L., 
“ pulsating fountain.” ] 

fon'ta-nal. Like a fountain. F. decussation, the 
crossing of the fibres of the upper part of the 
crura of the brain. [< L. fonta'na fountain.] 
Fonta'na’s canal or spaces. A ring-shaped series 
of spaces in the sclerotic in front of its attach¬ 
ment to the iris, occupying the angle of the 
anterior chamber at the point where the scle¬ 
rotic, cornea, and iris join; ciliary canal; canal of 
Hovius. They communicate with the anterior 
chamber of the eye internally and with the canal 
of Schlemm externally. F.’s markings, delicate 
transverse folds seen on divided nerves, 
fon-ta-nel', fon-ta-nelle'. The quadrangular space 
between the frontal and the two parietal bones 
in very young children {anterior fontanel). A 


smaller triangular one {posterior fontanel) usually 
exists between the occipital and parietal bones. 
Sphenoidal and mastoid fontanels are also de¬ 
scribed. [ L., dim. of fons fountain.] 

fon-tic'u-lus. I. An issue, or artificial ulcer, 
Seton. 2. The depression at the root of the 
neck in front; fonticulus gutturis. 

food. Anything taken into the body for nourish¬ 
ment or to replenish the tissues: aliment; nutri¬ 
ment. F.scure, treatment of 
disease by regulation of the 
diet. F. pneumonia, aspira¬ 
tion pneumonia. F.sstuff, 
any one of the three classes 
^of organic constituents of 
food, viz., proteids, carbo¬ 
hydrates, and fats: water 
and salts are sometimes also 
considered as food-stuffs. 

F.=yolk, the nutritive portion 
of the yolk. 

fool’s parsley. =AilTHUSA cy- 

N.\PIUM. 

foot. I. The terminal portion 
of the lower limb. F.sbath 
= PEDILUVIUM. F. clonus = 

ANKLE CLONUS. F.sdrop = 

DROP-FOOT. F.=fungus = MY¬ 
CETOMA. F.=phenomenon = 

ANKLE CLONUS. F. presen¬ 
tation = FOOTLING CASE. F.= 

reflex = ANKLE clonus. 2. 

The base of anything. F.s 
plate, the plate-like portion 
of the stapes which, fits into 
the fenestra ovalis. 3. A lin¬ 
ear measure of twelve inches. 

F.spound, the energy required 
to raise a pound weight to 
the height of one foot. 

footsand=mouth disease. Con¬ 
tagious aphthae of cows and 
other animals; epizootic 
stomatitis: it may attack 
mankind, especially children. 

A recent outbreak in Penn¬ 
sylvania and elsewhere was 
disseminated by a maker of 
vaccine virus. 

foot'ling case, labor, or presentation. A case of 
labor in which a foot or both feet are presented. 

fo-ra'men*, pi. fora'mtna. A hole, opening, aper¬ 
ture, or orifice, especially one through a bone. 
F. aor'ticum = aortic opening. F. of Botallo = 
F. OVALE, def. I. F. cae'cum, “ blind hole.” i. 
The hole at the root of the spine of the frontal 
bone at its articulation with the ethmoid: so 
called from its not perforating the bone or lead¬ 
ing to any cavity. 2. A little sulcus of the 
brain, situated between the corpora pyramidalia 
and the pons varolii; prepontile fossa. 3. A de¬ 
pression in the mucous membrane of the poste¬ 
rior wall of the pharynx. 4. The fovea centralis 
of the retina. 5. = Foramen incisivum*. 6. 
{Of Alorgagni.) A deep mucous follicle situated at 
the meeting of the circumvallate papillae tipon 
the middle of the root of the tongue. F. cae'cum 
poste'rius = Vicq-d’Azyr’s foramen Ci^:cuM. F. 
centra'le, an apparent foramen at the bottom of 
the fovea centralis; foramen of Soemmering. F. 
coch'leae centra'le, the largest of the openings at 
the base of the modiolus. F.* commu'ne ante'- 


3 



Bones of the Dor¬ 
sal Surface of 
Right Foot.— i. 
Body of the astrag¬ 
alus. with its head 
(2). 3. Calcaneum. 

4. 'Scaphoid bone. 

5, 6, 7. Ento-, 
meso-* and ectocu- 
neiform bones. 8. 
Cuboid bone. 9. 
Metatarsal bones. 
10, II. Phalanges 
of the great toe. 
12, 13, 14. Phalan¬ 
ges of the other 
toes. (Leidy.) 







FORMAMIDE 


FORBES’S OPERATION 359 


rius = Monro’s foramen. F. coracoi'deum, &• 
CORACOID, F. cor'neae, the anterior scleral 
FORAMEN. F. duverney'i — Winslow’s foramen. 
F. glandulo'sum morga'gnii, the foramen caecum 
of the tongue. F. incisi'vum*, the opening im¬ 
mediately behind the incisor teeth into the nasal 
fossa. F. lac'erum ante'rius. i. The sphenoidal 
fissure. 2. = F, lacerum medium. F. lac'erum 
me'dium, a large, irregular hole in the interior 
surface of the base of the skull, situated between 
the fore part of the apex of the temporal pyramid 
and the body of the sphenoid bone. F. lac'erum 
poste'rius = jugular foramen. F. of Magendie 
= Magendie’s FORAMEN. F. mag'num. i. The 
occipital foramen. 2. The obturator foramen. 
F. mastoi'deum* = mastoid foramen. F. of Mon¬ 
ro = Monro’s FORAMEN. F. obturato'rium = 
obturator foramen. F. oesophagas'um = 
CESOPHAGEAL OPENING. F. ova'le. I. An open¬ 
ing situated in the partition which separates the 
right and left auricles in the foetus; foramen of 
Botal or Botallo, 2. = Fenestra ovalis. 3. 
The obturator foramen. F. quadra'tum = caval 
opening. F. rotun'dum = fenestra rotunda. 
F. of scarpa = Sc.ARPA’s foramen. F. singula'- 
re*, an opening on the inferior fossa of the 
fundus of the internal auditory meatus, trans¬ 
mitting the nerve to the ampulla of the posterior 
semicircular canal. F. of Soemmering = F. cen- 
TRALE. F. spino'sum, a canal in the posterior 
angle of the great wing of the sphenoid near the 
sphenoidal spine. 'F. of Stenson, p.\latine 
CANAL, ANTERIOR. F. thebe'sii, any one of the 
numerous apertures of the little veins opening 
on different portions of the inner surface of the 
right auricle; vena thebesii. F. ve'nas ca'vae* = 
CAVAL opening. F. vcntric'uli quar'ti = Magen- 
die’s foramen. F. vesa'lii, an indistinct hole 
situated between the foramen rotundum and the 
foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone: particularly 
pointed out by Vesalius. F. of Winslow =Wins- 
Low’s FORAMEN. [ L.] ffo-rarn'i-na-ted, pierced 
with small holes, fo-ram-i-nif'e-rous, bearing 
or having foramina. 

Forbes’s operation. i. Division of the accessory 
tendons of the extensor communis digitorum 
muscle in order to give greater freedom of action 
to the ringsfinger of musicians. 2. A modifica¬ 
tion of Chopart’s amputation in which the scaph¬ 
oid and a portion of the cuboid 
are preserved. 

force. Power; energy; the cause 
of motion; that which causes, 
hinders, or arrests or modifies 
motion. 

forced feeding, i. The adminis¬ 
tration of food by compulsion 
to such patients as refuse to 
eat. 2. Overfeeding. F. move¬ 
ments = CIRCUS MOVEMENTS. 

F. respiration = LABORED res¬ 
piration. F. tremor, convul¬ 
sive movements persisting dur¬ 
ing repose after voluntary ex¬ 
ercise. 

for'ceps. I, An instrument con¬ 
sisting of two arms which can 
be approximated and used for 
grasping a part. 2. A forcepsdike structure, 
especially the diverging fibres that pass from the 
corpus callosum of the brain forward {forceps 
anterior) and backward {forceps posterior). 



Varieties of 
Forceps. 


for'ci-ble feeding. = Forced feeding, def. i, F. 
flexion, mechanical bending of a joint in order to 
break up articular adhesions, or to compress an ar¬ 
tery for the treatment of 
hemorrhage or aneurism, 
for'ci-pres-sure. Pressure by 
means of spring forceps, 
chiefly as applied to the 
bleeding end of a divided 
vessel, for the control of 
hemorrhage. 

For'dyce’s disease. The occur¬ 
rence of yellowish papules 
on the mucous membrane of 
the mouth, said to be con¬ 
nected with sebaceous 
glands. 

fore'arm. That portion of the 
arm which is between the 
elbow and the wrist; anti- 
brachium*. 

fore'brain. The anterior part 
of the brain, including the 
hemispheres, olfactory lobe, 
corpora striata, and optic 
thalami; that part of the Superficial Muscles 
brain which develops from 
the front part of the anterior 
vesicles; prosencephalon, 
fore'fln-ger. The indexsfinger. 
fore'gut. The front part of 
the primary digestive canal 
of the embryo, from which 
are developed the digestive 
organs from the pharynx to 
the duodenum. 

fore'head. That part of the 
face which is above the eye¬ 
brows. F. mirror = HEADS 

MIRROR. 

for'eign body. Any substance 
found in a part in which it 
does not normally occur. 

(See illustration, next page.) 
fore'smilk. ta- Milk. 
fo-ren'sic medicine. Such parts of medicine as are 
connected with judicial inquiries; medical juris¬ 
prudence. 

fore'skin. = Prepuce. 
forked probe. = Portesm^ciie. 

-form. Resembling in shape, as infundibuliform. 
for'mal. An ethereal liquid, methylenedimethylate, 
0112(00113)2; methylenedimethyl ester; methylal: 
an anaesthetic, sedative, and hypnotic. Dose, o. 5 
to 5 Gm. (8 to 75 grs.). 

for'ma-lage. The sterilization of an hydatid cyst, 
previous to removal, by the injection of a 1% 
formalin solution. 

for'ma-lith. A diatomaceous earth to which form¬ 
alin has been applied. (T 

for-mal'de-hyde. The aldehyde, OH2O, of formic 
acid, a colorless gas, freely soluble in water: anti¬ 
septic and disinfectant, entering into many medi¬ 
cinal compounds. It readily undergoes polymer¬ 
ization and is probably an intermediate product 
in the photo-synthesis of carbohydrates from 
less complex substances by plants containing 
chlorophyll, ts- Liquor formaldehydi*. 
for'ma-lin, for'ma-lose. Trade names for liquor 
FORMALDEHYDI*. F. gelatin = GLUTOL. 
for-mam'ide. The amide of formic acid, CHO- 
(NH2), which with chloral forms chloralamide. 


OF Front of Fore¬ 
arm. — I. Lower part 
of the brachial biceps. 
2.Brachialis. 3.Low¬ 
er partof the brachial 
triceps. 4. Terete 
pronator. 5. Radio¬ 
carpal flexor. 6. Long 

g almar muscle. 7. 

uperficial digital 
flexor. 8. Ulnocarpal 
flexor. 9. Palmar 
fascia. 10. Short pal¬ 
mar muscle. 11. Pol- 
lical abductor. 12. 
Short pollical flexor. 
13. Long supinator. 
14.Pollical extensors. 
The Ci'ossing and 
transverse bands on 
the fingers are the 
vaginal ligaments 
enclosing the flexor 
tendons. (Leidy.) 























FORMANILID 


360 FOSSA 


for-man'i-lid. A colorless, crystalline compound, 
CjH 5.NH(HCO), obtained by distilling aniline 
with dehydrated oxalic acid: used externally as 
a local anaesthetic and internally as an antipyretic. 



Drawing from Skiagraph of Impaction of Foreign 
Body (Toy Bicycle) in (Esophagus. (Rigby.) 


for'mate, for'mi ate. A salt of formic acid, 
forma'tio reticula'ris. The interlacing of the fibres 
of the anterior columns of the medulla oblon¬ 
gata; reticular field. [L.] 
for-ma'tion. i. A growth, especially a morbid 
growth; a neoplasm. 2. Development; growth, 
for'ma-tive. i. Conferring form; causing a devel¬ 
opment or growth; relating to form. 2. Form¬ 
ing; producing new tissue. F. cells, embryonic 
cells. F. osteitis = condensing osteitis. F. vi- 
tellus or yolk, that portion of an ovum which 
undergoes segmentation and enters into the for¬ 
mation of the embryo. 

form'selement. Anything which enters into the 
structure of something else, giving it definite 
form; e. g., a cell as a fortn=element of tissue in 
which it occurs, 
for'mene. = Methane. 

for'mic acid. An acid, HCOOH, first obtained by 
distillation of ants and water; a colorless, pun¬ 
gent liquid formerly used as a vesicant and coun¬ 
terirritant. F. aldehyde = FORMALDEHYDE. F. 
anhydride = CARBON dioxide. F. ether = ethyl 
FORMATE. [< L. formi'ca ant.] 

Formi'ca. i. A genus of hymenopterous insects. 
2. A black and somewhat painful wart; also a 
varicose tumor, and a form of herpes. [L., ant, 
fr. fer're to bear + mi’ca crumb.] f^o^'mi-cant 
pulse, an irregular, feeble pulse, for-mi-ca'tion, a 
paraesthesia resembling the crawling of insects 
over the skin; myrmeciasis. 
for'min. A trade name for hexamethylenamina*. 
for'mo-form. A dusting powder composed of 
formol, thymol, zinc oxide, and starch: used in 
dyshidrosis. 

for'mol. A trade name for liquor formaldehydi*. 
for-mo-ne'tin. A pale*violet glucoside derived from 
ononin. 

for-mo-py'rine. An antiseptic and antipyretic com¬ 
pound of formaldehyde with antipyrine. 


for'mose. A mixture of polymers produced by 
treating formaldehyde with milk of lime: some 
of them are hexoses and from them dextrose and 
levulose may be prepared, 
for'mo-zone. A formaldehyde fumigating cone, 
for'mu-la. A prescription, direction, or rule, espe¬ 
cially for the composition of a remedy or for the 
chemical description of a compound. [^Chem¬ 
ical FORMULA. For specially named varieties 
see the adjectives. 

for'mu-la-ry. A book or collection of formulae or 
prescriptions. National F., a collection of for¬ 
mulae published by the American Pharmaceutical 
Association and intended to supplement the 
United States Pharmacopoeia, to furnish certain 
Ibasic or stock preparations, to provide a stand¬ 
ard for preparations often made according to 
various formulae or of varying strengths, and to 
supply nonssecret formulae to replace certain 
proprietary preparations; abbr., N. F. 
for'myl. The univalent radical, CHO, of formic acid. 
F. bromide, bromoform. F. chloride, chloroform. 
F. iodide, iodoform. F. perchloride, chloroform. 
F. terchloride = chloroform. 

Forn^’s method (for-nez). The administration of 
chloral before using chloroform as an anaesthetic. 
For-net’s reaction. The demonstration of precip¬ 
itinogen in serum, especially in cases of syphilis. 
[^ Gt . ’09.] 

for'ni-cate. Arched; vaulted; overarched or arch¬ 
ing over. F. convolution or gyrus = gyrus for- 
NiCATUS*. [< L. for'nix vault.] 
for'ni-col-umn. The anterior pillar of the fornix, 
for-ni-com'mis-sure. The commissure of the fornix 
cerebri, or the fornix itself, 
for'nix. Any vaulted surface, especially an arching 
triangular fibrous band lying beneath the corpus 
callosum and the septum lucidum and extending 
from the fimbria posteriorly to the corpora 
mammillaria anteriorly; corpus psaloides. It 
consists chiefly of commissural fibres connecting 
the cerebral hemispheres. F. ascen'dens, the 
anterior diverging extremities of the fornix. F. 
of the conjunctiva, the line of reflection of the 
conjunctiva from the eyelids to the eyeball. F. 
of the vagina, the angle where its mucosa reaches 
the cervix. [L., “vault,” “arch.”] 
for-ti-fi-ca'tion blindness or spectrum. = Scotoma 
SCINTILLANS. [^ TeICHOPSI A. 
for'to-in. Methylenedicotoin, an intestinal antisep¬ 
tic. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). 
for-tysfourth' nerve. The sympathetic nerve, the 
other nerves being the 12 cranial and the 31 spinal, 
fos'sa*, pi. fos'scB. A depression or sinus. F. 
acetab'uli* = ACETABULAR FOSSA. F. articula'ris 
= GLENOID FOSSA. F. CSeru'lea = LOCUS cmkv - 
LEUS*. F. cani'na*== CANINE fossa. F. cra'nii 
ante'rior*, me'dia*, and poste'rior*, cranial 
FOSS.E. F. glenoi'dea = GLENOID cavity. F. 
hemiellip'tica, the upper and elliptical one of the 
two recesses on the inner fore part of the vesti¬ 
bule of the ear; fovea'hemielliptica; fossa semi- 
ovalis; fossa ovalis. F. hemisphae'rica, the lower 
of the two recesses on the inner fore part of the 
vestibule of the ear; fovea hemisphaerica; fossa 
sphaerica; fossa orbicularis; fossa rotunda. F. 
hyaloi'dea*= HYALOID fossa. F. incisi'va = in¬ 
cisive FOSSA. F. innomina'ta, unnamed fossa, 
the space between the helix and the anthelix of 
the ear. F. lachryma'lis = lachrymal fossa. 
F. lenticula'ris = hyaloid fossa. F. longi- 
tudina'lis, the deep furrow beneath the liver. 



FOSS^ CEREBRALES 


361 


FRiENULUM 


^tending between the anterior and posterior 
notches and separating the right and left 
bbes; fossa umbilicalis. F. of Morgagni, the 
navicular fossa of the urethra. F. myrtifor'- 
mis= INCISIVE FOSSA. F. navicula'ris= NAVIC¬ 
ULAR FOSSA. F. ova'lis, “oval fossa.” i. The 
oval depression presented by the septum of the 
right auricle of the heart: it marks the position 
of the foramen ovale of the foetus. 2. =F. 
HEMIELLIPTICA. F. patella'tis = HYALOID FOSSA. 

F. pituita'ria = PITUITARY fossa. F. rotun'da = 
F. HEMispH^RiCA. F. seroiova'lis = F. hemiellip- 
TiCA. F. sigmoi'dea, the greater sigmoid cavity 
of the ulna. F. sigmoi'dea mi'nor, the lesser sig¬ 
moid cavity of the ulna. F. subpyramida'lis, the 
subpyramidal fossa in the middle ear: situated 
beneath the pyramid. F. syl'vii. i. The fifth 
ventricle. 2. The conspicuous depression on the 
exterior of the fetal brain the bottom of which 
corresponds with the island of Reil: it later 
becomes narrowed into the fissure of Sylvius. F. 
trag'ica, the depression at the entrance of the 
external meatus of the ear: partly formed by the 
tragus. F. transver'sa, a deep fissure on the 
under surface of the liver at right angles to the 
fossa longitudinalis; porta hepatis; hilum hepa- 
tis. F. transversa'lis, the concave articular facet 
in front of the tuberosity of the transverse proc¬ 
ess of a lumbar vertebra. F. trochlea'ris, the 
small pit above the internal angular process for 
the pulley of the trochlearis muscle. F. um- 
bilica'lis = F. LONGITUDINALIS. [ L.] 
fos'sae cerebra'les. = Cranial poss.e. F. costa'- 
les, the smooth impressions at the junction of 
the centrum and the arch of the thoracic verte¬ 
bra for articulation with the ribs. F. of the 
skull = CRANIAL FOSS.E. 

fos-sette'. I. A small fold or depression; a dimple. 
2. A small ulcer of the transparent cornea, with 
a deep centre. [ F.] 

fos'sil alkali. Soda. F. flour = kieselguhr. 
fos'si-line. = Vaseline. 

Foth'er-gill’s disease. Tic douloureux; facial neu¬ 
ralgia. F.’s sore throat, scarlatina anginosa. 
Foubert’s test ({n-hevz). A test for death made by 
cutting through one of the intercostal spaces and 
feeling the heart with the finger, 
foudroyant (M-drw 4 -yoh). Fulminating: said of 
symptoms or attacks of disease. F. typhoid 
fever, typhoid fever, foudroyant. [F.] 
foulage (fu-lazh). Massage in which the muscles 
are thoroughly kneaded and pressed. [ F.] 
foul'brood. A contagious disease of honeysbees, 
due to Bacil'lus al'vei. 

Foule’s cells. The large nucleated epithelial cells 
found in malignant ovarian cysts, 
foun'der. = Laminitis. 

foim'tain syringe. A syringe having an elevated 
receptacle for the liquid, which is expelled by 
the force of gravity. 

four-chette'. The posterior commissure of the 
labia majora pudendi. [ F.] 
fourth cranial nerve. The trochlear or pathetic 
nerve. F. disease, a disease described by Dukes, 
which bears a relation to scarlet fever similar 
to that which rubeola does to measles; Fi- 
latowsDukes’s disease; Dukes’s disease. F. 
ventricle, a rhomboid space before the cerebellum 
and behind the medulla and the pons: an ex¬ 
pansion of the central canal of the spinal cord. 

“ Fourthsofsjuly ” tetanus. Tetanus due to inju¬ 
ries by explosives used in celebrating this holiday. 


In 1910 there were 72 such cases of tetanus in 
the United States, of which 93.1% ended fatally, 
fo've a. Any small depression. F. acetab'uli = 
ACETABULAR FOSSA. F. ante'rior, a depression 
in the floor of the fourth ventricle of the cere¬ 
bellum opposite the upper part of the terete 
funiculus. A similar depression external to the 
lower end of the terete funiculus is called Fovea 
posterior. F. cardi'aca, the space in the splanch- 
nopleure of the embryo which is occupied by the 
developing heart. F. centra'lis, a conical pit in 
the macula lutea of the retina. F. hemiellip'tica 
= FOSSA HEMIELLIPTICA. F. hemisphae'iica = 
FOSSA HEMISPH.ERICA. F. nu'chae* = NUCHAL 
FOSSA. F. pharyn'gis, an abnormal congenital 
depression in the middle line of the pharynx, 
causing laryngeal irritation. F. poste'rior, F. 
ANTERIOR. F. trochlea'ris*, a shallow pit in the 
orbital plate of the frontal bone, for attachment 
of the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle. 
[ L.] ffo'veal, as F. image, an image formed 
upon the fovea centralis. fo've-ate, marked or 
pitted with small depressions, 
fo-ve'o-la*. A little depression; a small fovea. F. 
coccy'gea, a congenital defect consisting in a 
depression at the tip of the coccyx. F. radia'lis 
= anatomists’ snuff-box. [ L.] ffo-ve'o-late. 
Fow'ler’a position. A semirecumbent position allow¬ 
ing peritonitic fluid to drain toward the pelvic 
region. F.’s solution = liquor potassii arsen- 

ITIS*. 

fox'glove. = Digitalis*. 

Fox’s splint. A splint for fractured clavicle, 
frac'tion-al. In parts or fractions. F. distillation, 
the separation of a mixture of volatile com¬ 
ponents by distillation, the first part gf the dis¬ 
tillate containing chiefly the most volatile 
constituent, and later portions containing suc¬ 
cessively less easily volatile ones: much used 
for purifying and isolating organic chemicals. 

F. crystallization; F. culture; eliqua- 
TioN (F. fusion)’, F. precipitation. F. dose = 
DIVIDED DOSE. f fraC-tion-a'tion = FRACTIONAL 
distillation. 

frac'ture. The solution of continuity of a bone, 
generally by external force, but occasionally by 
the powerful action of muscles. ^Fissure. For 
particular varieties of fracture see the adjectives, 
F.sbed, a bed designed for patients with fracture 
of the lower limbs. F.sbox, a box with a foot* 
board and movable sides, in which a broken 
limb is placed in order to secure immobilization. 
F. by contrecoup = contrafissura. F. fever, a 
moderate fever coming on some time after the 
fracture of a bone. F.snail, a steel nail for fas¬ 
tening together fragments of broken bone. [ < L. 
fran'gere to break.] 
frae'na. PI. of fr^num. 

Fran'kel’s bacillus. = Pneumococcus. F.’s sign, 
decrease of muscular tone of thq-lower limbs in 
tabes dorsalis. F.’s treatment, reeducative ex¬ 
ercises for the incoordination of tabes, 
fraen'u-lum. i. = Fr^num. 2. A white band 
which extends from the anterior velum of the 
cerebellum to the corpora quadrigemina; fraen- 
ulum veli. F. la'bii, the fold of mucous mem¬ 
brane between the lips and the jaws in the 
median line which connects the lip with the gum. 
F. lin'gulae, a process extending from the poste¬ 
rior lamina of the lingula toward the middle 
peduncles of the cerebellum. [L., dim. of free'' 
num bridle.] 


FRiENUM 


362 


FRENCH CHALK 


frfle'num, pi. frce'na. A part which performs the 
office of a check or curb. F. clito'ridis, a fold 
connecting the glans clitoridis with the labium 
minus on either side. F. labio'rum = four- 
CHETTE. F. lin'guae, bridle of the tongue, a fold 
formed at the under surface of the tongue by the 
mucous membrane of the mouth. F. of the lip 
= FRiENULUM L.A.Bn. F. mofga'gnii, a fold formed 
by the united extremities of the ileocolic valve 
extending for some distance round the interior 
of the colon ;* retinaculum morgagnii. F. praepu'- 
tii, a triangular fold connecting the prepuce with 
the under part of the glans penis. F. puden'di, 
the fourchette. [ L., “ bridle.”] 
fragil'itas os'sium. Morbid brittleness of bones. [L.] 
frag'ment. A piece of a thing broken; a splinter 
or detached portion of a fractured bone. [ < L 
fran'gere to break.] 

frag-men-ta'tion. i. A splitting into fragments, es¬ 
pecially cell*division in which the nucleus -is con¬ 
stricted into a number of different pieces, but 
does not split into separate parts: distinguished 
from segmentation. 2. A condition of rupture of 
the separate muscle fibres of the heart, seen in 
certain degenerative conditions; segmentary myo¬ 
carditis ; fragmentation 
of myocardium, 
fram-boe'si a. A contagious 
disease occurring in the 
West Indies, Guiana, and 
some parts of Africa, 
characterized by tumors 
resembling raspberries; 
yaws; pian; epian; said 
to be inoculable into 
monkeys, and due to 
Treponem.\ pertenue 
(Spirochce'ta pallid'ula of 
Castellani). [<.¥. fram¬ 
boise raspberry.] tfram- 
boe'si al, relating to fram- 
boesia. fram-boe'si oid, 
resembling frambcTesia. 

Francis'cea uniflo'ra. A scrophulariaceous Brazil¬ 
ian shrub. Its root is bitter, emetic, purgative, 
and in large doses poisonous. ffran-cis'ce ine, a 
diuretic and purgative alkaloid, from Francis'cea 
• uniflo'ra and other related plants. 

Fran'cis’s test. A test for bile*acids in urine, made 
l)y placing in a test*tube a reagent consisting of 
2 grammes of glucose in 15 grammes of sulphuric 
acid, and placing on top an equal quantity of 
urine, when a purple color is formed. F.’s triplex 
pills, triplex pills, def. 2. 

Franck'e’s sign. Reddish striation of the anterior 
pillars of the fauces in influenza. Gt. ’09.] 
Fran'co’s operation. Suprapubic cystotomy, 
fran'gi-pane. An extract of milk, for preparing 
artificial milk, made by evaporating to dryness 
skimmed milk mixed with almonds and sugar. 
Fran'gula. i. Alder=buckthorn, a genus of rham- 
naceous shrubs. 2. The U. S. P. name for the 
dried bark of Rham'nus fran'gula, collected at 
least one year before being used: an irritant 
cathartic. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). tfran'gu-lic 
acid, a yellow crystalline substance, ob¬ 

tained from frangulin. fran'gu-lin, a purgative 
crystalline glucoside. C20H20OJQ, from frangula. 
Fran'ken-hau-ser’s ganglion. = Cervical gan¬ 
glion, def. 2. 

Franke'nia grandifo'lia. Yerba reuma, an herb 
growing in California, Texas, etc. Its leaves are 


used in catarrhal affections as an astringent ap¬ 
plication. Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). 

Frank'fort plane. The auriculo*infraorbital plane, 
frank'in-cense. =Olibanum. 

Frank'lin’s glasses. Bifocal glasses, 
frank-lin'ic electricity. Static or frictional elec¬ 
tricity. ffrank-lin-i-za'tion. [Benjamin 
American scientist. lyob-’po]. 

Frank’s operation. A torm of gastrotomy consisting 
in the formation of a valve out of the stomach 
wall and the insertion of a tube, 
frappement (frap-mofi). Massage by blows. [F.] 
Fra'sera. A genus of gentianaceous herbs. The 
root of F. wal'teri, or American columbo, is a 
bitter tonic. ffra'se-rin, a precipitate from the 
1,1 tincture of American columbo. 

Fraun'hof-er’s bands or lines. Dark lines, many 
thousand in number, occupying fixed positions in 
the absorption spectrum of the sun and showing 
the presence of many chemical elements in its 
atmosphere. Fraunhofer denoted the chief lines 
by the letters A, a, B (in the red part of the spec¬ 
trum), C (orange), D (the yellow sodium line), E, 
b (green), F (green*blue), G (violet*blue), H, and 
K (violet). [J. Fraunhofer, German optician, 
1787-1826.] 

Frax'inus. A genus of oleaceous trees, the ashes, 
c®" ViNUM FRAXiNi AMERiCANAi. The inner bark 
of F. america'na is used in dysmenorrhoea. F. 
excel'sior has been used in intermittent fever and 
in rheumatism, and from the bark is obtained 
frax'in, a glucoside, CigHjj^OjQ, from which is 
derived frax'e-tin, C^HgOg. F. or'nus, manna*. 
freck'le. = Lentigo. 

Fred-er-i'ci’s sign. In perforative peritonitis, occur¬ 
rence of the heart*sounds over the entire abdomen 
and escape of gas into the peritoneal cavity, 
free nucleus. A celLnucleu^ free from the rest of 
the cell, but possessing its functional activity, 
freez'ing. .Solidification or hardening with cold. 
F. microtome, a microtome in which the object 
is hardened by freezing with ether or carbonic 
acid before being cut. F. mixture, a mixture, as 
of ice and salt, by which artificial cold is pro¬ 
duced. F. point, the temperature at which a 
liquid (especially water) freezes. The freezing 
point of water, or, more correctly, the melting 
point of ice, is 32° F., 0° C., or 0° R. 

“Frei'bank ” meat. Meat conditionally condemned 
in Germany as being not fit for food unless cer¬ 
tain precautions are used: before being sold such 
meat is prepared by prolonged freezing and salt¬ 
ing or by sterilization. [Ger.] 
fr^missement cataire (fre-mis-mon ca-tdr). = Cat’ s 
PURR. [F.] 

frem'i-tus. An irregular, rapid, oscillating commo¬ 
tion of the muscular system; any vibration or 
thrill, whether of vocal or frictional origin; a 
palpable vibration. k^Rhonchus; strepitus ; 
STRIDOR. Specially named varieties of fremitus 
are Friction, Hydatid, Rhonchial, Tactile, 
Tussive, and Vocal. F. den'tium = stridor 
DENT iUM. [< L. fre'mere to roar, to murmur.] 
Fremon'tia califor'nica. A sterculiaceous Califor¬ 
nian shrub used like slippery elm. [Named in 
honor of ]. C. Fremont.] 
fre-na'tor nerve. An inhibitory nerve. 

French chalk. = Talcum. F. measles = rubella. 
F. pox, syphilis. F. red, genuine carmine mixed 
with fine sifted starch powder, according to the 
shade required; rouge. F. rose= Rosa gallica*. 
F. white, pulverized talc. F. wood = guaiacum*. 



Cardiac Muscle Show¬ 
ing Fragmentation. 



FRENCH’S OPERATION 


363 


FRONTAL 


French’s operation. Subcutaneous incision for car¬ 
buncle. 

fre*no-se-cre'to-ry. Having an inhibitory power 
over the secretions. [< L. frce'num bridle se¬ 
cretory.] 

fren'u-lum, fre'num. = Frenulum, fr^num. 
fren'zy. Intense delirious excitement; mania, 
fre'quen-cy. The number of cycles or double re¬ 
versals per second of an alternating electric 
current: in England often 50, 60, 80, 83, 90, 100, 
or 125 ; in the United States almost uniformly 60. 
fre'quent pulse. = Pulsus frequens. 

Fre'rich’s test. A test for leucin and tyrosin in 
urine, made by precipitating with basic lead 
acetate, removing the excess of lead with hydro¬ 
gen sulphide, and evaporating on a water=bath. 
Crystals of tyrosin will be formed first, and after¬ 
ward crystals of leucin. 

fre'tum of Haller. The constriction between the 
auricles and the ventricles of the fetal heart. 
[ L., “ a strait.”] 

Freund’s operation. Abdominal hysterectomy; 
chondrotomy. 

Frey'er’s operation. A method of suprapubic enu¬ 
cleation of the hypertrophied prostate, 
fri-a-bil'i-ty. The quality of being easily reducible 
into small pieces. [ < L. jria're to crumble.] 
Fri'ar’s balsam, i. =Tinctura benzoini compos- 

ITA*. 2 . =BalSAMUM TRAUMATICUM. 

fric'a-tive. A consonant sound like f, s, th, v, in 
which a narrowed passage retards the breath 
without blocking it. [< L. jrica're to rub.] 
fric'tion. A rubbing, especially the rubbing to¬ 
gether of two or more bodies which hinder one 
another’s motion. F.=burn = brush=burn. F. 
fremitus, the vibration or thrill which accompa¬ 
nies a friction murmur and is felt by palpating the 
chest wall. F. knot, a knot the two ends of 
which are entwined twice before they are drawn 
tight. F. murmur, rale, or sound, a breathing 
sound caused by the friction of two opposed 
surfaces of the pleura which have become in¬ 
flamed. [< L. jrica're to rub.] 
fric'tion-al electricity. Static or franklinic electricity. 
Fried'lan-der’s bacillus. = Bacillus pneumoniaj. 
Fried'reich’s ataxia. = Hereditary ataxia. F.’s 
disease = paramyoclonus multiplex. F.’s sign. 
I. Collapse of the cervical veins- at the diastole, 
a sign of adherent pericardium. 2. Increase of 
percussionsnote at the end of a deep inspiration, 
due to the presence of pulmonary cavities. 

Fried’s formula. A dosage formula for infants, the 
age in months being the numerator, and 150 the 
denominator of the traction, 
frig-i-da'ri um. i. A cold bath. 2. A room for 
reducing the temperature of the body. [L.] 
fri-gid'i-ty. Absence of sexual impulses, 
frig-o-rif'ic. Having power to make cold. F. nerve, 
the sympathetic nerve: its stimulation causes a 
fall of temperature, ffrig-o-ther'a-py. 
fringe. = Fimbria. F.stree, Chionanthus. 
Frbh'de’s reagent. An alkaloidal reagent of a 1% 
.solution of sodium molybdate in sulphuric acid, 
frog of horse’s foot. r®- Thrush, def. 2. 
frog'sbel-ly. A tense and highly tympanitic state 
of the upper part of a child’s abdomen. F.s 
face, a flatness of the face caused hy the growth 
of an intranasal tumor. F.sgait, a hopping gait 
seen in infantile diplegia, due to contraction of 
the flexors and adductors of the thighs. F.s 
spawn gum, the gum when affected with pro¬ 
liferative gingivitis: most common in pregnant 


women. F.sspawn matter, undigested starch 
granules seen in the stools of dysentery. F.s 
tongue = RANULA. 

frolement (frol-men). 1. A rustling or grazing noise 

sometimes heard in the auscultation of pericardial 
disease. 2. A movement in massage, consisting 
of light backward and forward brushings with 
the palmar surface of the hand. [L.] 

From'mann’s lines. Transverse black lines caused 
by silver nitrate on an axis^cylinder near the 
annular constrictions. 

frons*. The forehead; that part of the head which 
is between the eyebrows and the commencement 
of the hairy scalp. F. quadra'tus, a quadrangu¬ 
lar protrusion of the forehead seen in rhachitis. 

Fron’s test. The use of double iodide of bismuth 
and potassium in testing for sugar or alkaloids. 

fron'tad. Toward the frontal aspect. 

fron'tal. Belonging to the forehead; frontalis*. 
F. angle, the angle between two lines drawn from 
the glabella and the bregma respectively to the 
centre of the external auditory meatus. F. arc, 
an arc measured on the surface of the cranium 
from the nasion to the bregma. F. area, the 
area of the cranium from the supraorbital arch 
to the coronal suture. F. arteries, branches of 
the cerebral arteries to the frontal convolutions 
of the brain. F. axis, the transverse axis of the 
eyeball, about which the rotations of elevation 
and depression take place. F. bone, the bone of 
the forehead; os frontale*. F. cells, that portion 
of the ethmoidal cells which is formed by union 
with the frontal bone. F. convolution, ascending 
or transverse f. convolution, a convolution on the 
external aspect of the frontal lobe of the brain, 
between the precentral fissure and the fissure 
of Rolando; gyrus centralis anterior*. Supe¬ 
rior, first, or upper f. convolution, a convo¬ 
lution of the frontal lobe of the brain, above 
the superfrontal fissure; gyrus frontalis superior*. 
Middle or second f. convolution, a convolution of 
the frontal lobe of the brain, between the super- 
frontal and the subfrontal fissure; gyrus frontalis 
medius*. Inferior, lower, or third f. convolution, 
a convolution of the frontal lobe, forming its 
lower and outer portion; gyrus frontalis infe¬ 
rior*. F. crest, a ridge on the internal surface of 
the frontal bone, being a continuation of the 
.sagittal sulcus; crista frontalis*. F. eminence, 
the prominence of the forehead. F. fissure, the 
precentral and supercentral fissure taken together. 
Inferior f. fissure, the subfrontal fissure. Supe¬ 
rior f. fissure, the superfrontal fis.sure. Vertical 
f. fissure, the fissure of Rolando. F. flexure, the 
bend of the embryo between the metencephalon 
and the myelencephalon. F. fontanelle, the 
anterior fontanelle. F. foramen, a foramen 
formed by the supraorbital notch covered by a 
process of bone. F. furrow = F. sulcus. F. 
index, the number obtained by dividing 100 
times the minimum frontal diameter by the 
maximum frontal diameter. F. line, the shortest 
transverse measurement of the forehead. F. 
lobe, the portion of the cerebral hemisphere 
anterior to the Sylvian and central fissures. 
Internal f. lobule = marginal convolution. F. 
muscle, the anterior part of the occipitofrontalis 
muscle. F. nerve, the greatest of the three 
branches of the ophthalmic nerve. It is distrib¬ 
uted to the forehead and eyelids, and gives off 
the suprasorbital and supratrochlear nerves; ner- 
vus frontalis*. F. notch, an incompletely closed 


FRONTALIS MUSCLE 


364 


FRYNIN 


supra^orbital foramen. F. plane, a plane includ¬ 
ing or parallel to the frontal bone. F. plate, a 
plate of cartilage in the foetus between the 
lateral parts of the ethmoid cartilage and the 
sphenoid bone. F. presentation = face presen¬ 
tation. F. process, the superior process of the 
malar bone articulating with the frontal bone; 
processus frontalis’^. F. prominence or protube¬ 
rance. I. = Frontal eminence. 2. The pro¬ 
jection formed by the lower of the two cephalic 
flexures of the embryo. F. ridge = F. crest. 
F. section, a section made by a transverse verti¬ 
cal cut through the body or a part of it. F. 
sector, a cranial sector bounded by radii from 
the punctum alae vomeris to the punctum naso- 
frontale and the bregma. F. sinuses, two cav¬ 
ities on the lower border of the frontal bone, 
each having an opening into the cells of the eth¬ 
moid, and usually into the nasal cavity. F. 
station, an area on each side of the head,- a little 
back of and above the beginning of the external 
angular process of the frontal bone; mediofrontal 
suture: a favorable situation for taking surface 
temperatures of the cranium. F. sulcus, a 
groove on the cerebral surface of the frontal 
bone for the superior longitudinal sinus; frontal 
furrow. F. suture, a suture between the two 
lateral halves of the frontal bone in children: 
sometimes persisting in the adult. F. triangle, a 
triangle included between the maximum frontal 
diameter and a line joining its ends with the 
glabella. F. vein, the anterior vein of the scalp 
where it crosses the frontal bone. 

fron-ta'lis muscle. The anterior or frontal portion 
of the occipitofrontalis. 

fron*tal=pon'tine. Pertaining to the frontal lobe of 
the brain and the pons varolii, as the F. tract, a 
tract from the frontal lobe to the pons. 

fron'to-. Pertaining to the forehead or to some 
frontal structure: a combining form. [ L.] 
fron’to=an-te'ri-or position, that position of the 
fetal head in labor in which the forehead is 
directed toward the front of the mother.— fron- 
to-cen'tral tract, a tract of fibres connecting the 
frontal and central convolutions.— fron‘to-cer-e- 
bel'lar, pertaining to the frontal lobe and the 
cerebellum, as F. tract, the tract of fibres con¬ 
necting the frontal lobe of the brain and the 
cerebellum. — fron-to-cot'y-loid presentation, a 
presentation of the foetus in which its forehead 
is toward the acetabulum of the mother. — 
fron-to-dym'i a = cephalodymia. — fron-toseth'- 
moid foramen = foramen caecum, def. i. — 
fron’toseth-moi'dal cells, the group of ethmoidal 
cells situated along the superior edge of the 
ethmoid bone.— fron*to-gla-beFlar, pertaining to 
the frontal bone and the glabella, as F. angle, 
the angle of inclination of the forehead: and F. 
triangle — frontal triangle. — fron-to-ma'lar 
suture, the suture between the frontal and malar 
bones.— fron-to-mar'gi-nal convolution, a convo¬ 
lution of the median a.spect of the frontal lobe of 
the brain, between the supercallosal fissure and 
the frontomarginal fissure (an occasional fissure 
on the median aspect of the frontal lobe).— fron- 
to-max'il-la-ry suture, the suture between the 
frontal bone and the superior maxilla.— fron-to- 
men'tal diameter, the diameter from the forehead 
to the chin.— fron-to-na'sal, pertaining to the 
frontal bone and the nose, as F. muscle, the 
pyramidalis nasi: F. nerve, the supratrochlear 
nerve: F. plate or process, the middle one of the 


processes of the facial region of the embryo 
which develops into the external nose: and F. 
suture, the suture between the frontal and nasal 
bones.— fromtosoc-cip'i-tal, pertaining to the 
front and the back of the head, as F. diameter = 

OCCIPITOFRONTAL DIAMETER: and F. triangle, a 
variety of handkerchief ^dressing in which the 
handkerchief is folded into a triangle, the base of 
which is placed over the forehead, with the apex 
hanging down over the occiput, the two ends 
then being brought around along the sides of the 
head and tied behind.— fron-tosoc-cipd-to-la'- 
bi al cravat, m- cravat. — frondo-pa-ri'e-tal, per¬ 
taining to the frontal and the parietal bones, as 
F. area of the brain, the area including the fron- 
/ tal lobe and the ascending parietal convolution: 
Middle f. convolution, the superior frontal con¬ 
volution: F. suture, the coronal suture: and F. 
vein, a vein of the diploe contained in the poste¬ 
rior part of the frontal and the anterior part of 
the parietal bone; anterior temporal vein.— 
fron*to-pos-te'ri-or position, that position of the 
fetal head in labor in which the forehead is 
directed toward the back of the mother.— fron’- 
to-sphe-noi'dal, pertaining to the frontal and the 
sphenoid bones, as F. suture, the suture between 
the alae of the sphenoid bone and the frontal 
bone: and F. vein, a vein of the diploe contained 
in the lateral parts of the frontal bone and ex¬ 
tending into the sphenoid bone.— fron-to-tem'- 
po-ral suture, the suture between the frontal and 
temporal bones. 

front'stap contraction or reflex. Contraction of the 
gastrocnemius producing extension of the foot 
when the muscles of the front of the leg are 
tapped: regarded as a sign of increased spinal 
irritability. 

frost'sbite. A state of numbness or torpefaction of 
a part of the body, caused by intense cold, which, 
unless relieved by proper remedies, is followed 
by the death of the part. Pernio. F. itch 

= PRURITUS HIEMALIS. 

frost'plant, frost'wort. = Helianthemum. 
frottage (frot-tazh). Sexual perversion in which 
gratification is obtained by rubbing the genitals 
against women’s clothing. [ F.] ffrot-teur, a 
person affected with frottage. 
frottement (frot-moh). A rubbing, frictional sound 
heard in auscultation. [ F.] 
fro'zen attitude. A stiff attitude of the body, both 
in motion and at rest, symptomatic of disease of 
the spinal cord. F. section, i. The surface of a 
part cut while frozen, and showing accurately 
the relation of soft parts which would be dis¬ 
torted if cut while in the natural state. 2. A 
section for microscopic study cut with a freez¬ 
ing MICROTOME. 

fruc'tose. A levorotatory monosaccharide, CHgO- 
H(CH0H)3C0CH20H, found in fruits, honey, 
etc.; levulose; fruit-sugar; d-fructose: it gives 
the same reduction and fermentation tests as 
glucose, and forms the same osazone. [< L. 
frue'his fruit.] 

fruit alcohol. Alcohol derived from the juice of 
fruit. F.spaste, inspissated juice of fruits: used 
pharmaceutically. F. salt, a variety of Seidlitz 
aperient. F.ssugar = fructose. 
frumen'ti spir'itus. =Spiritus frumenti*. 
fru-men'tum. i. Corn. 2. Any grain, especially 
wheat. 

Fry'er’s operation. Direct transfusion, 
fry'nin. =Phrynin. 


FT. 


365 


FUNGATE 


Ft. Abbr. for L. fi'at or fi'ant, let it (or them) be 
made. Ft. mas. div. in pil., abbr. of L. fi'at mas'- 
sa dividen'da in pil'ulas, let a pillsmass be made 
and divided into pills. Ft. pulv., abbr. of L. fi'at 
pul'vis, let a powder be made, 
fuch'sin. I. (Medicinal.) A mixture of rosaniline 
and pararosaniline monohydrochlorides, CjgHjgNg- 
CI.4H2O and C20H20N3CI.4H2O, antiseptic and an- 
tinephritic. Dose, 0.03 to 0.2 Gm. to 3 grs.). 
2. (Dye.) A mixture of pararosaniline and rosani¬ 
line hydrochlorides or acetates, a bright red basic 
stain much used for bacteria; aniline red; aza- 
lein; basic fuchsin; magenta; rosein; rubin; 
solferino. i^Carbol=fuchsin. Acid=f., a salt of 
the disulphonic acid of fuchsin; rubin S, ruby S: 
an acid plasma stain, tfuch-sin'o-phil, fuch-si- 
noph'i-lous, readily stainable with fuchsin. 
fu'cose. A sugar, CgHgfCHg)©,, from seaweed. 
Fu'cus. I. =Chondrus*. 2. A genus of fuca- 
ceous algae, of which the species F. vesiculo'sus, 
the bladder=fucus, sea=oak, or sea=wrack, has 
been used medicinally, its chief active ingredient 
being iodine. tfu'cu-sol, an oily compound, 
C5H4O2. resembling furfurol, from sea^weeds. 
Fiir'bring-er’s method. A rapid method of disin¬ 
fection by which it was thought that the sur¬ 
geon’s hands could be perfectly sterilized in a few 
minutes. F.’s sign, the transmission of the re¬ 
spiratory movements to a needle inserted into a 
subphrenic abscess, thus distinguishing it from a 
collection of pus above the diaphragm. F.’s test. 
I. A test for albumin in urine, made by adding 
solution of mercuric chloride and sodium chloride, 
when a precipitate will be formed if albumin be 
present. 2. A test for albumin in urine, made 
by placing in the urine capsules containing sodio- 
mercuric chloride, sodium chloride, and citric 
acid, when, if albumin be present, a flocculent 
precipitate will be formed. 

-fugal; -fuge; -fugus, -a, -um. Expelling or flee¬ 
ing, as CENTRIFUGAL, FEBRIFUGE, CIMICIFUGA*. 

fu'gi-tive kidney. = Floating kidney. F. scrofula, 
suppurative cervical glands with eczema capitis, 
fu'guspoison. A paralytic poison of certain fishes. 

[Jap.] 

Fu-ka'la’s operation. Removal of the lens for ex¬ 
treme myopia. Gt. ’09.] 
ful'gu-rant or ful'gu-ra-ting pain. Intense momen¬ 
tary pains, coming on and disappearing suddenly 
like a flash of lightning, 
ful'gu-ra-tion. = Cataphoresis. 
fu-li'gin. =Asbolin. 

fu-lig'i-nous. Full of soot; sooty; smoky, 
fu-li'go. A sooty deposit, as on the lips and teeth 
in high fevers, due to dryness of the mouth, 
fu-li-go-ka'li. A preparation of soot and potash, 
formerly used in skin diseases and dyspepsia, 
fuli'go lig'ni. Wood^soot; the condensed smoke of 
burning wood: made into an ointment it has 
been used in some cutaneous affections. [L.] 
full bath. A bath in which the body, excepting 
the head, is completely covered. F. habit = 
APOPLECTIC habit. F. pulsc, a pulse giving a feel¬ 
ing as if the artery were distended with blood, 
ful'lers’ earth. A variety of clay containing about 
25% of alumina: so named from its use by ful¬ 
lers to remove grease from cloth. 

FuFler’s pill. A pill of aloes, senna, and iron sul¬ 
phate, with aromatics, myrrh, and asafetida. 
ful'ling. A form of massage in which the muscles 
are severelv rubbed and milled, 
ful'mi-nat-ing, ful'mi-nant. Exploding; sudden; 


breaking out suddenly with extreme severity: 
said of diseases. F. appendicitis, appendicitis 
characterized by sudden attack and rapid and 
fatal development. F. coma = coma foudroy- 
ANT. F. glaUCOma= GLAUCOMA FULMINANS. 
ful'vous. Tawny. 

Fuma'ria officinaTis. Fumitory, a plant common 
in Europe and cultivated in the United States: 
used as a tonic, diuretic, and laxative. tfu- 
mar'ic acid, a crystalline acid, C4H4O4, formed 
by heating malic acid, and occurring in fumi¬ 
tory, in mushrooms, and in Ceira'ria islan'dica; 
glaucicacid; lichenic acid; paramaleic acid, fu'- 
ma-rine, an alkaloid, C20H19NO2, from Fuma'ria 
officina'lis, with active medicinal qualities, 
fu-mi-ga'tion. The subjection of clothes, rooms, 
or the surface of the body to certain fumes for 
the purpose of disinfection or for therapeutic 
purposes. [< L. fumiga're to perfume a place.] 
fum'ing. Smoking, as fuming nitric acid, 
fu'mi-to-ry. ==Fumaria. 

func'tion. A power or faculty by the exercise of 
which the vital phenomena are produced; the 
characteristic work of an organ or organism. [< 
L. fun'gi, to fulfil an office.] 
func'tion-al. Relating to or affecting a function; 
not organic or structural. F. albuminuria = 
CYCLIC ALBUMINURIA. F. apoplexy, a condition 
resembling true apoplexy, due to congestion, 
anaemia, or some functional derangement of the 
nervous system; nervous apoplexy. F. conges¬ 
tion, {^Congestion. F. disease, a disease in 
which the function or secretion of an organ is 
vitiated while its structure is little if at all 
changed. F. hypertrophy, ^hypertrophy. F. 
irritation. 1. A condition of irritation marked 
by derangement of function without organic dis¬ 
ease. 2. Over^excitability of a part due to ex¬ 
cessive functional activity. F. lesion, a lesion 
causing simple disturbance of function without 
any alteration of structure. F. murmur, a car¬ 
diac murmur without any structural lesion. F. 
nightsblindness = nycta¬ 
lopia. F. spasm = OC¬ 
CUPATION DISEASE. F. 
stricture = SPASMODIC 
STRICTURE. 

func-tion-al-i-za'tion. Res¬ 
toration of a lost or im¬ 
paired function, 
fun'da. A split bandage 
used in cases of fracture 
of the lower jaw. [L., 

“ sling.”] 

fun'dal placenta. A pla¬ 
centa attached to the 
fundus of the uterus, 
fun'da-ment. The anus and the parts near it. 
fun-da-men'tal bone. The os sacrum, or sphenoid 
bone. F. fasciculus, that part oir the anterior 
column of the spinal cord which is not occupied 
by the direct pyramidal tract; anterior ground* 
bundle; anterior radicular zone; principal tract. 
F. lamellae = CIRCUMFERENTIAL lamella. F. 
layer, one of the three layers of the blastoderm. 
F. movements, acquired movements. F. 
plexus, a principal plexus as the solar plexus, 
fun'dus*. I. The base or closed part of any organ 
which has an external opening. 2. The larger part 
of the stomach, especially (F. ventric'uli*) to the 
left of the CARDiA*. F. gland = oxyntic gland. 
fun'gate. To grow in the shape of a fungus. 



Funda. 


FUNGATING CHANCRE 


366 


FUR 



Fungoid Growth of Ear in a 
Chinaman. 


fun'gat-ing chancre. A soft chancre marked by 
production of granulations. F. tumor, a tumor 
consisting of fungusdike granulations. 

fun'gic acid. A mixture of citric, malic, and phos¬ 
phoric acids, found in certain varieties of mush¬ 
rooms. existing in or living on 

fungi. 

fun'gi-form. Resembling a mushroom. F. papilla, 
any one of the vascular papillae of the tongue 
next in size to the circumvallate papillae; clavate 
papilla; papilla jungijormis*. They are scattered 
over the surface of the tongue, and are more 
numerous near the lateral borders and the tip. 
They are rendered conspicuous by their redder 
color contrasted with the whitish appearance of 
the conical papillae. [ < L. jun'gus mushroom 
for'ma form.] 

fun'gin. The residual fleshy substance of fungi 
afte r be ing 
subjected to 
the action of 
alcohol and 
water; the cel¬ 
lulose of fungi. 

fun'goid. Re¬ 
sembling a 
mushroom; 
also resem¬ 
bling the dis¬ 
ease termed 
fungus. F. 
granuloma, 
mycosis of the 
skin; an infec¬ 
tious skin dis¬ 
ease, marked 

by the formation of lobular and pedunculated 
tumors. 

fun-gos'i-ty. The quality of being like a fungus, as 
in the case of “proud flesh.’’ 

fun'gous. = Fungoid. F. cancer = fungus h^ma- 
TODES. F. disease (or foot) of India = mycetoma. 
F. endometritis, endometritis in which the lining 
membrane becomes hypertrophied and granu¬ 
lated. F. lupus = LUPUS exuberans. F. ulcer, 
an ulcer in which the granulations overtop the 
sides of the sore or spread over the surrounding 
parts. F. ulitis, ULiTis. 

fun'gus, pi. fun'gi. i. One of the chlorophyll =free 
group of THALLOPHYTEs comprising mushrooms, 
moulds, yeasts, bacteria, etc. They are charac¬ 
teristically composed of rod^shaped cells (the my¬ 
celium), usually united in long filaments which 
are often closely interw'oven, and subsist on liv¬ 
ing or dead organic matter as parasites or sapro¬ 
phytes. Reproduction is usually carried on by 
asexual spores, developing in various ways. F. 
cellulose = fungin. F. chirurgo'rum, surgeons’ 
agaric. F. musca'rius = Amanita muscaria. 2. 
A soft, spongy excrescence arising from diseased 
structure; proud flesh. F. artic'uli, fungous 
growth at the joints, Tumor albus. F. cer'- 
ebri = encephalocele. F. disease, F.sfoot = 
MYCETOMA. F. duTss ma'tris, cancer of the dura 
mater, a carcinomatous tumor which destroys the 
bones of the skull and raises the coverings of the 
brain. F. hasmato'des, a bleeding fungous mass 
formed by the ulceration of a soft, vascular tumor, 
usually a sarcoma or carcinoma. F. medulla'ris 
= medullary cancer. F. tes'tis benig'nus, a 
markedly granular enlargement of the testicles, 
causing them to protnide from the scrotum, after 


traumata or ulcerative destruction of the latter. 
F. umbilica'Iis, an exulcerative granular fungous 
growth of the umbilicus in the new-born. F. 
vasculo'sus = angioma. [L.] 
fu'nic. Relating to the funiculus, or umbilical 
cord. F. murmur or soufiBe = umbilical souf¬ 
fle. F. pulse, the pulse in the umbilical cord, 
fu-nic'u-lar. Relating to a funiculus. F. artery, 
a branch of the vesical artery running along the 
round ligament and dividing into an ascending 
and a descending branch. F. hernia, i. Hernia 
into the umbilical cord or its sheath. 2. Hernia 
which follows the spermatic cord. F. hydrocele, 
congenital hydrocele of the spermatic cord. F. 
process, the peritoneum which descends into the 
scrotum with the testicle and spermatic cord and 
afterward atrophies. F. souffle = umbilical 
SOUFFLE. F. tract, the funiculus gracilis. F. 
veins, the umbilical veins, 
fu-nic-u-li'tis. Inflammation of a funiculus, espe¬ 
cially of the spermatic cord; usually of gonor¬ 
rhoeal origin. 

fu-nic'u-lus, pi. funic'uli. i. A small bundle, es¬ 
pecially one of the separate bundles of nerve* 
fibres enclosed in a perineurium which make up 
a nerve*trunk. F. scle'rae, a cord of fibrous tis¬ 
sue piercing the sclerotic opposite the fovea cen¬ 
tralis and fastening together its laminae. 2. The 
umbilical cord or the spermatic cord. 3. One 
of the columns of the spinal cord. F. cunea'tus 
= cuneiform column. F. grac'ilis, either of 

the posterior pairs of columns of the spinal cord, 
but usually now applied to the mesial pair; 
column of Goll. Columns of the spinal 
CORD. F. oliva'ris, either of the lateral columns 
of the medulla oblongata. Funic^uli pyramida'les 
= CORPORA pyramidalia. F. of Rolando = 
Rolando’s funiculus. Funic'uli sil'iquae, 

siLiQUA 0LIV.E. F. solitaTius = solitary fas¬ 
ciculus. F. te'res, the prominent column on the 
floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain on each 
side of the median furrow; corpus teres; fascicu¬ 
lus teres. [ L., dim. of fu'nis rope.] 
fu'nis. A cord, especially the umbilical cord (F. 
umbilica'Iis). F. bra'chii, the large superficial 
median basilic vein of the arm. F. presentation, 
presentation of the umbilical cord. [L.] 
fun'nel. i. A hollow conical vessel with a tubeslike 
extension of its apex: used for pouring liquids 
into vessels. Great ingenuity is often exercised 
in the form of a funnel, as in the Hot water fun¬ 
nel where a copper water jacket surrounds a glass 
funnel, or the Fluted funnel which permits more 
rapid filtration. (See illustrations, next page.) 
The ordinary funnel has an angle of about 60®, so 
that a paper folded twice will just fit into it. As 
the glass is not always accurate the paper should 
be folded with one segment slightly larger than 
the other. F. breast, a congenital depressed de¬ 
formity of the anterior part of the chest. F. 
drainage, a method of draining cedematous tissue 
by means of glass funnels inserted into incisions. 
2. Infundibulum. [< L.to pour.] ffun'- 
nelsshaped = infundibular, as F. pelvis, a mal¬ 
formed pelvis which gradually narrows toward 
the outlet; fetal pelvis; masculine pelvis; unde¬ 
veloped pelvis, 
fun'nysbone. =Crazysbone. 

fur. The coating of the tongue, modifications of 
which appear in various diseased conditions. It 
is composed of desquamated epithelium, bacteria, 
and granular matter, fftir'red, loaded. 


FURANE 


367 


FYFE’S TEST 


fu'rane. = Furfurane. 

Fiir'bring-er’s test. See as if spelled Fuerbringer’s 

TEST. 

fur'ca orbitaTis. The primitive optic vesicle. [L., 
“ orbital fork.”] 

fur'cu-la. I. A forked prominence appearing 
between the third and fourth visceral arches 
in the embryo. 2. =Furculum. [L., fr. jur'ea 
fork.] 


a be 



Funnels. — a. Ordinary 60° funnel, b. Fluted funnel, 
e. Separating funnel. 


fur'cu-Ium. The united clavicles of a bird; the 
wishsbone. 

fur'fur. I. Bran, the husk or skin of wheat. F. 
aldehyde = FURFUROL. 2. Dandruff or scurf. 3. 
The radical, C4H3O. ff^^r-fu-ra'ceous, as F. des¬ 
quamation, DESQUAMATION, fur-fur-al'co-hol, 
a very stimulant derivative, C4H3OCH2OH, of 
furfur, fur-fur-al'de-hyde = FURFUROL. fur-fur- 
am'ide, a crystalline compound, Cl5H^2N203, ob¬ 
tained from furfurol and ammonia, fur'fu-rane, 
a compound, 

H—C—C—H 

. II I! 

H—C C—II 

\/ 

o 

produced in the destructive distillation of pine 
wood and by the distillation of pyromucic acid; 
furane; tetrane; tetrole. fur'fu-rin, a basic prin¬ 
ciple, C15HJ2N2O3, isomeric with furfuramide, from 
which it is derivable: it has been recommended 
as a tonic, fur'fu-rol, an oily principle, C5H4O2, 
obtainable from bran, cornsmeal, etc., and exist¬ 
ing in beer, alcohol, and commercial acetic acid. 

fur'fu-ryl, the radical, C4H3O—CHg—, as F. alcohol, 
C4H3O—CHoOH. 

fu'ril. A yellow crystalline substance, ^ 10 ^ 6 ^ 4 ’ 
formed by oxidizing fu'ro-in, a white, volatile, 
crystalline substance, CjoHg04, obtained by boil¬ 
ing furfurol. 

fu'ror epilepticus. Attacks of intense anger in 
epileptics. F. uteri'nus = nymphomania. 

furred tongue. A coated tongue the papillae of 
which are prominent, giving it the appearance of 
white fur. 

fur'row. A groove or channel. F. of the cerebrum, 
the fissure of Rolando. F. of the corpus callosum, 
the groove between the gyrus fomicatus and 
the corpus callosum. ffur'rowed band, an 
indented band of gray matter joining the uvula 
of the cerebellum with the amygdalae on either 
side. 

fu'run-cle. A nodule formed on the skin by a cir¬ 
cumscribed inflammation of the corium and the 

subcutaneous connective tissue, enclosing a cen- 

.. 


tral slough, or “core,” and due to bacterial in¬ 
fection, often following constitutional or diges¬ 
tive derangement; a boil. [< L. furun'ctilus, dim. 
of fur thief ] tfu-run'cu-lar, relating to or ex¬ 
hibiting boils, as F. diathesis, that condition of 
the body which leads to the growth of furuncles 
or boils, fu-run-cu-lo'sis = FURUNCULAR diath¬ 
esis. fu-run'cu-lous, marked by the production 
of furuncles. 

fu-run'cu-lus. = Furuncle. F. orienta'lis = Ori¬ 
ental SORE. [L.] 

fus'ein. The stable, dark*brown coloring matter 
of the epithelium of the retina. [< L,. jus'cus 
dusky, dark=colored.] 

fused silver nitrate. = Argenti nitras fusus*. 

fu'sel oil. An oily, poisonous liquid, of disagreeable 
smell and a nauseous taste, produced in the 
manufacture of potato ^spirit and of ardent spirit 
obtained from grain. It consists chiefly of amyl 
alcohol, and is valuable in pharmacy as the arti¬ 
ficial source of valerianic acid, but is mostly used 
as a solvent. It was formerly prescribed as a 
stimulant in cases of phthisis. 

fu'si-ble. Capable of being liquefied by the appli¬ 
cation of heat. F. calculus, a urinary calculus, 
composed of triple phosphate and calcium phos¬ 
phate, which fuses under the blowpipe. F. metals, 
alloys containing bismuth, cadmium, or mercury 
which melt at low temperatures, ffu-si-bil'i-ty, 
the capability of being fused or melted by heat: 
the temperature required to fuse a substance is 
called its melting point. 

fu'si -form. Resembling a spindle; tapering to both 
ends. F. aneurispi, an aneurism formed by a 
spindle-shaped dilatation of an artery. F. hougie, 
a bougie having a bulbous expansion in some 
part of its shaft; bellied bougie. F. cataract, 
cataract with fusiform or spindle-shaped opacity 
of the capsule of the lens; spindle cataract. F. 
cell, a spindle-shaped cell. F. convolution = 
subcollateral convolution. F. ganglion, the 
superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. F. lob¬ 
ule, the inferior temporo-occipital convolution.’ 
F. muscle, a muscle with a large belly and a 
narrow origin and insertion; a spindle-shaped 
muscle. F. papilla, one of the thin papillae on 
the dorsum of the anterior two-thirds of the 
tongue. [< L. fu'sus spindle -f for'ma form.] 

fu'sion. I. The act of melting, or the state of 
being melted by heat. Latent heat of f., la¬ 
tent. F. point = MELTING POINT. 2. The blend¬ 
ing of two embryos into one monster. 3. The 
blending of normally separate parts into one. F. 
tubes, the pair of tubes used in heterophoria to 
cultivate and observe the power of fusion of the 
two eyes. [< L. jun'dere to pour, to melt.] 

fu -so-cel'lu-lar. Spindle-celled. [ < L. fu'sus spindle 
+ cel'la cell.] 

fus'tic. A yellow dye-wood from Mo'rus tincto'ria, 
a tree of South America and the West Indies; 
yellow-wood; old fustic. k^Maclurin. Young 
f., the wood of Rhus coti'nus, the Venetian sumac 
of Southern Europe. 

fus-ti-ga'tion. Flagellation or systematic striking 
with rods or stroking with electrodes {electric f.) 
for a therapeutic purpose. [< L. fustiga'tio, fr. 
fus'tis stick.] 

fus'tin. A yellow dye, C 58 H 4 g 022 . contained in 
young fustic. 

Fyfe’s test. A test for arsenic, made by evolving 
volatile arsenous chloride by distillation with 
sulphuric acid and sQdium chloride. 















GA 


368 


GALACTO- 


G 


Ga. The chemical symbol for gallium. 
ga'asgua'za. = Paraguay tea. 

Gab'bet’s solution. A decolorizer and contrast 
stain for tubercle bacilli: composed of meth¬ 
ylene blue, 2 Gm.; sulphuric acid, 25 Cc.; and 
water, 75 Cc. Carbolsfuchsin. 

Ga'bi an oil. A petroleum from Gabian, in France. 
Ga-bun' (Ga-boon') ordeal bark. A poisonous bark 
with effects not unlike those of strychnine. G. 

ulcer = ORIENTAL SORE. 

Gad'berry’s mixture. =Mistura splenetica. 
gad'fiy. =(Estrum. 

ga-din'ic acid. A fatty acid from cod=liver oil. 
gad'i-nine. A moderately poisonous ptomaine, 
CyHjyNO.^, derivable from decomposing fish, as 
haddock, and produced by certain intestinal 
bacteria. 

gad-o-lin'i um. A metallic element found in gad'- 
o-li-nite: at. wt., 156.1; symbol, Gd. 
ga'dose. A proprietary purified fat from haddock* 
livers. 

gad'u-in. A peculiar substance, CgjH^^Og, found in 
codsliver oil. 
gad'u-ol. =Morrhuol. 

Ga'dus. A genus of fishes of the cod family. G. 
mor'rhua, the codfish, abounding in the Northern 
seas, from the liver 
of which cod sliver 
oil is obtained, ts- 
Oleum morrhu..®*. 

Gaert'ner’s duct. = 

Gartner’s duct. 

G.’s bacillus. = Ba¬ 
cillus ENTERITI- 
Dis. G.’s tonometer, 

TONOMETER. 

Gaf'sa boil or button. 

= Oriental sore. 
gag. A device for pre¬ 
venting the closure 
of the mouth. 

Gagnele’s operation 
(gan'ye-lez). Sub¬ 
cutaneous ligation of varicose veins by silver 
wire twisted on metallic buttons, 
gaiac (gai-oc). — Guaiacum*. [ F.] 
gai'a-cyl. A calcium salt of guaiacolssulphonic 
acid: local anaesthetic. 

ga-id'ic acid. A colorless crystalline substance, 
CjgH3Q02, derived from hypog.eic acid, and 
isomeric with it. 

Gaiffe cell (gaif). A battery cell in which the posi¬ 
tive plate is zinc, the negative silver, the excit¬ 
ing liquid zinc chloride, and the depolarizing 
agent silver chloride. 

Gail'lard’s suture. A suture for the cure of entro¬ 
pion in which the threads are drawn tight enough 
to cause a slight degree of ectropion, and re¬ 
main until cicatricial bands are formed, 
gait. Manner of walking. 

gaPter. An anklet or shoe without a sole, used as 
an orthopedic apparatus for the surgical exten¬ 
sion of the lower limb. 

ga-lac-ta-cra'si a. Any abnormal condition of the 
milk. [< yoika milk-f d/cpac/a bad mixture.] 


ga-lac-tae'mi a. A morbid condition of the blood 
in which it contains milk, 
ga-lac'ta-gogue. = Galactogogue. 
ga-lac'tan. A principle occurring in plants during 
the period of germination, 
ga-lac’ta-pos-te'ma. Milk abscess. [< yaXa milk 
-\-aT: 6 csTri{La abscess.] 
ga-lac'tase. A milksenzyme. 

gajlac'tia. Defective, excessive, or morbid se- 
"'cretion of the milk; mislactation. [< ya\a 
milk.] 

ga-lac'tic acid. = Lactic acid. 
ga-lac-ti-dro'sis. i. The sweating of a supposedly 
milky fluid. 2. Excessive sweating due to sup¬ 
pression of milksformation. 
ga-lac-tif'e-rous. == Galactophorous. 
ga-lac'tine. An alkaloid, C54H78N40^5, obtained from 
milk, and formerly thought to be its coagulating 
principle. 

ga-lac'to-. Pertaining to, or like, milk; lacto-: a 
combining form. [<7dAa milk.] ga-lac'to-blast, 
a colostrum corpuscle in the acini of the mam¬ 
mary gland. — ga-lac'to-cele. i. A cystic tumor 
in the female breast containing milk, and due 
to obstruction of a lactiferous duct. 2. A tumor 
or swelling containing a milky fluid. — ga-lac-to- 
chlo'ral, a substance like chloralose: made by 
heating chloral and galactose with hydrochloric 
acid. — ga-lac-toe-de'ma, swelling of the mamma 
from excess of milk. — ga-lac-to-gang'li on, a 
mammary tumor from dilatation of a milk* 
duct.— ga-lac-tog'e-nous, producing milk. — ga- 
lac*to-gly-co-su'ri a, the presence of galactose in 
the urine during lactation. — ga-lac'to-gogue, 
causin*^^>he flow of milk. —^ga-lac'toid, resembling 
milk .-2 ' ’ a-lac-to'ma = GALACTocELE. — ga-lac*to- 
me-tas'ta-sis = galactoplania. — ga-lac-tom'e- 
ter, an instrument for measuring or ascertaining 
the quality of milk. — ga-lac-to-my'ces, an enceph- 
aloid tumor. — ga-lac-ton'ic acid = lactonic acid. 

— ga-lac-top'a-thy, the application of a warm 
milk=pack: used in South Africa in treatment of 
the infectious fevers. — ga-lac-toph'a-gous, living 
or feeding upon milk. — ga-lac-toph'ly-sis, an erup¬ 
tion of vesicles containing a milky fluid. — ga-lac'- 
to-phore, lactiferous. — ga-lac*to-pho-ri'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of the galactophorous or lactiferous ducts. 

— ga-lac-toph'o-rous, milksbearing; lactiferous, 
asG. ducts, the milk*ductsof the mammary glands. 

— ga-lac-toph'thi-sis, wasting or emaciation due 
to excessive lactation. — ga-lac-toph'y-gous, ar¬ 
resting or preventing the secretion of milk.— ga- 
lac-to-pla'ni a, the presence or secretion of milk 
in any part of the body other than the mamma; 
milk metathesis. — ga-lac‘to-ple-ro'sis, abundance 
of milk. — ga-lac-to-poi-e'sis, the secretion of milk. 

— ga-lac'to-poi-et'ic, milk*producing; galacta- 
gogue. — ga-lac-to-po'si a, milk*diet.— ga-lac-to- 
py-re'tus, ga-lac*to-py'ra, milk*fever. fga-lac*- 
to-py-ret'ic.— ga-lac-tor-rhoe'a, an excessive flow 
of milk. 0- Polygalactia. — ga-lac'to-san, a con¬ 
stituent of AGAR. —ga-lac-to'sa-zone, the osazone 
of galactose. — ga-lac-tos'che-sis, retention of 
milk. — ga-lac'to-scope = lactoscope. — ga-lac'- 
tose, a dextrorotatory milk*sugar, CgHjjOg, resem- 



Mouth Gags. 




















GALACTURIA 


369 


GALLAL 


bling glucose and derivable from ordinary lac¬ 
tose by^ boiling with dilute acids or by the 
action of certain enzymes, tg^-lac'to-side.— ga- 
lac-to'sis, the production or secretion of milk.— 
ga-lac-tos'ta-sis. i. A stoppage of the flow of 
milk. 2, A morbid collection of milk in a part. 
— ga-lac-to-su'ri a = chyluria.— ga-lac-to-syr'- 
inx, lacteal fistula. — ga-lac-to-ther'a-py. i. = 
MiLKscURE. 2. The treatment of infantile disease 
by administering remedies through the milk of 
the mother or wet-nurse.— ga-lac-to-tox'i-con, 
ga-lac-to-tox'in, the poisonous principle of ga- 
lac-to-tox'ism, ga-lac-to-tox-is'mus, poisoning due 
to milk infected with bacteria; a common cause 
of diarrhoeal troubles in infants.— ga-lac-to-ze'- 
mi a. I. Loss or escape of milk from the nipple. 
2. Failure of the secretion of milk.— ga-lac-to- 
zy'mase, a ferment which liquefies starch.— ga- 
lac'to-zyme = galazyme. 
ga-lac-tu'ri a. = Chyluria. 

ga-la-hep'tose. A sugar, CyHjPy, obtained artifi¬ 
cially from GALACTOSE. 

Ga'lam gum. A variety of gum arabic from Galam 
(now Kadjaga), in Senegal, 
ga-lan'gal, ga-lan'ga. i. The stimulant aromatic 
root of Alpin'ia galan'ga (smaller galangal) and 
of Alpin'ia officina'rum (greater galangal). They 
both resemble ginger. 2. A sedge, Cype'rus lon'- 
gus, and its aromatic tuber or root. 

Ga-las'si’s pupillary phenomenon. A narrowing of 
the pupil occurring when the orbicularis oculi is 
used with energy and the eye closed with vigor, 
the pupil dilating when the eye is opened. 

Gafiax aphyl'la. An evergreen diapensiaceous herb. 

Its root is astringent, and the leaves are vulnerary, 
gal'a-zyme. A sort of koumiss made from cows’ 
milk and brewers’ yeast. (Galactozyme is the more 
correct form.) [< yd/la mil'k + yeast.] 
gaFba-num. A gum^resin obtained from Fer'ula 
galbanif'lua, and probably f- m other allied 
plants. It is stimulant, expef ant, and anti- 
spasmodic; and is sometimes used as a plaster. 
Gal-bi-a'ti*s operation. i. Ischiopubiotomy. 2. 
Symphyseotomy. 

gal'buli junip'eri. Juniper berries. k^Juniperus. 
gal'bu-lus. I. Yellowness of the skin, not due to 
'jaundice or other known disease. [L., dim. of 
gal'bus yellow.] 2. A kind of cone, differing from 
the strobile only in being round and having the 
heads of the carpels much enlarged, as the fruit 
of the juniper. [L., “ cypress nut.”] 
ga'le a, i . A form of headache extending all over 
the head. 2. In surgery, a bandage for the 
head, somewhat like a helmet. G. aponeurot'ica*, 
G. cap'itis, an aponeurosis connecting the frontal 
and occipital parts of the occipitofrontalis mus¬ 
cle. [L., “ a helmet.”] 

gal-e-am-au-ro'sis. = Amaurotic cat’sseye. 
ga-le-an'thro-py. A kind of insanity in which the 
patient thinks he has been changed into a cat. 
i^ZoANTHROPY. [< yalij cat + avOpcjirog man.] 
Ga-le-a'tfis glands. = Lieberkuhn’s crypts. 
Gale'ga. A genus of leguminous plants; goat’s rue, 
as G. officina'lis, a galactogogue. 
ga-le'na. i. Lead*glance; native lead sulphide. 
2. An old name for a general antidote for poi¬ 
sons. [< yayjyvq.^ 

ga-len'ic. i. After the manner of Galen, as G. medi¬ 
cine, a system remarkable for multiplying herbs 
and roots in the same composition. 2. A ga-len'i- 
cal, any preparation made from a crude drug by 
nonschemical processes, as an infusion or tincture. 
24 


ga'len-ism. The therapeutic system of Galen, hum- 
oralism, and the use of vegetable or nonachemical 
remedies. ^Spa- 
GiRisM. tg®3en-ist, 
an adherent of ga- 
lenism. 

Ga'len’s anastomosis. 

The anastomosis be¬ 
tween the superior 
and inferior laryn¬ 
geal nerves. G.’s 
bandage, a term 
sometimesappliedto 
the fouratailed 
bandage, or single 
split cloth. G.’s 
chancre = CHAN¬ 
CROID. G.’s veins, 
two veins, occasion¬ 
ally fused into one, 
which continue the 
internal cerebral 
veins through the 
velum interpositum 
and empty by a common trunk into the straight 
sinus. [ < Claudius Ga'len, Roman physician and 
medical author, 130-200.] 

Galeo'des. A genus of spiderslike insects, including 
several poisonous species. 

Galeop'sis lad'anum. An herbaceous labiate plant, 
ga-ler-op'si a, ga-ler-o'pi a. An abnormal condi¬ 
tion of vision in which objects appear unusually 
clear. [< yaXepdg cheerful -!- d^ig vision.] 
ga-li-an'co-nism. Abnormal shortness of the arms. 
Galipe'a cuspa'ria. k^Angustura. 
gal-i-pe'ine (gal'i-pine), gal-ip'i-dine. Crystalline 
alkaloids derived from angustura. 

Ga-lipe’s test. A picricsacid test for albun.in in 
the urine. i^Esbach’s test. 
gal'i-pot. I. An earthen pot, painted and glazed, 
wherein ointments, etc,, are t cjjt. 2. A resin 
obtained from the several species of Pi'nus; 
French turpentine. 

Ga'lium. A genus of rubiaceous, medicinal herbs, 
of which G. apari'ne (cleavers) and G. ve'rum 
(bed=straw) are welLknown species, 
gall. I. The bile or secretion of the liver. i^Fel 
Bovis*. G.sbladder, G.scyst, a membranous reser¬ 
voir, 5 to 8 Cm. (2 to 3^ ins.) long by 4 to 6 Cm. 
(i4 to 2^ ins.) across, containing the bile, situ¬ 
ated on the lower surface of the right lobe of the 
liver, and terminating in the cystic duct; vesica 
fellea*. ^ Keister’s valve. G.sducts = cystic 
DUCT and ductus communis choledochus. G.s 
fever, intermittent fever. G.ssickness, a remittent 
fever. [T[ J. C. P. T. ’08.] G.sstone, a calculus 
formed in the gallbladder; a biliary calculus. 
G.sstone colic, colic caused by biliary calculus. 

2. A nutgall. Galla*. G.snut = galla*. 

3. An excoriation caused by friction; a chafe, 
gal'la*, pi. gal'lce. Nutgall, an excrescence on Quer'- 

cus infecto'ria, caused by the punctures and 
deposited ova of Cy'nips tincio'ria. Galls are 
powerfully astringent. Although sometimes pre¬ 
scribed in chronic diarrhoea and similar com¬ 
plaints, they are chiefly used in external appli¬ 
cations, such as lotions, gargles, ointments, etc. 
Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). i^Tinctura gall^*; 

UNGUENTUM GALL^*. 

gal-la-cet-o-phe'nol, gal-la-cet-o-phe'none. A yel¬ 
lowish, crystalline powder, CgH2(OH)3.COCH3. 
gal'lal. Aluminum gallate: a dusting powder. 



Galen. 







GALLANILID 


370 


GALVANO- 


gal-lan'i-lid. A substance, CeH5.NH(CeH2(OH)3CO), 
made by heating gallic acid with an excess of 
aniline: used as a substitute for pyrogallol for 
external application in skin diseases, 
gal'la-nol. A white powder obtained by heating 
tannin with aniline: used locally in eczema and 
psoriasis. 

gal'late. A salt of gallic acid. 
gal'lein. A substance, C18HJ4O7, derivable from 
pyrogallic acid and convertible into beautiful 
green coloring matters: used as an indicator in 
chemistry. 

gal'lic acid. = Acidum gallicum*. G.sa. fermen¬ 
tation, the conversion of tannic into gallic acid 
by fermentation. 

garii-cin. The methyl ether of gallic acid: used 
as an astringent dusting powder, especially in 

TRACHOMA. 

gal'licus mor'bus. Syphilis. [ L., “ French disease.”] 

gal'lin. A dye derived from gallein. 

galli'nae inglu'vies. == Ingluvin. 

gal'li-nol. = Gallanol. 

gal'li-pot. = Galipot. 

gal'li-sin. A constituent of commercial glucose, 
gal'lium. An expensive metallic element, of which 
some of the salts are poisonous, found in certain 
zincsblendes: atomic weight, 69 ; specific gravity, 
5.95; symbol, Ga. 

gal-lo-bro'mol. A light =brown powder prepared by 
the action of bromine on gallic acid: used exter¬ 
nally as an antiseptic and astringent; internally, 
as a substitute for potassium bromide, 
gal-lo-for'min. A proprietary internal disinfectant, 
gal'lo-gen. Anhydrous ellagic acid: intestinal as¬ 
tringent. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 
gaJ-Io-hu'mic acid. = Melanogallic acid. 

Galli.‘s’s test (gal-wdz). A test for inosite. 


[ L. con'gius.'] 


gal'lol. = Gallal. 

gallon. A measure equal to four quarts: sign, C. 

Weights nd measures, table of. Miniature 
g., 70 Cc., as in H ?re found 70,000 Mg. cor¬ 
responding in chemical analyses to the 70,000 
grains of the imperial gallon, 
gal'lop-ing consumption. Pulmo¬ 
nary phthisis which runs a very 
rapid course, ending in death; 
quick consumption; rapid con¬ 
sumption ; florid phthisis; phthi¬ 
sis fiorida. G. paralysis, a rapidly 
progressive form of general 
paralysis. 

gallop rhythm. =Bruitdegalop. 
gal-lo-tan'nic acid. A form of 
ACIDUM TANNicuM* which exists 
in nutgalls. fgal-lo-tan'nate, a 
salt of gallotannic acid, 
gal'tah, gal'tia. Vernacular 
Indian names for trypanoso¬ 
miasis. [ Tf G. ’04.] 

Gal'ton’s law. A law of ancestral 
inheritance, based on the statis¬ 
tical study of a large number of 
variations as seen in heredity. 

^ Mendel’s LAW. G.’s system, 
the recording and keeping of 
the imprints of the epidermic 
markings of the ball of the 
thumb and fingers for identifi¬ 
cation: sometimes extended to the plantar and 
palmar surfaces (palm and sole system), Ber- 
tillon’s system. G.'s whistle, a whistle for 
testing the power of hearing high=pitched notes. 



Galton’s Whis¬ 
tle .— A mi¬ 
crometer screw 
permits accu¬ 
rate adjust¬ 
ment of the 
air-column and 
pitch. 


Galv. An abbreviation for galvanic. 

gal'van-ism. A form of electricity usually de¬ 
veloped or produced by the mutual action of 
various metals and chemical agents upon each 
other. [ < Aloisio or Luigi Galvani, of Bologna, 
i737“i79S-] tg^l“Van'ic, pertaining to galvan¬ 
ism, as G. battery, a collection of G. cells, each 
of which consists of two plates dipping into a 
fluid, one of them acted upon chemically (posi¬ 
tive plate) with the resulting production of an 
electric current and the other not affected (nega¬ 
tive plate): G. belt, a belt containing a series 
of pairs of voltaic elements to be worn about the 
waist: G. cautery moxa: G. current, an 

electric current produced by chemical action, as 
irf^the galvanic battery: G. electricity— ga’lva'h- 
ism: G. moxa, the employment of voltaic elec¬ 
tricity as a therapeutic agent for producing the 
cauterizing effects of the moxa: G. pessary, a 
pessary made of two metals producing a galvan¬ 
ic current: and G. seton, a platinum wire intro¬ 
duced like a seton, and heated by an electric 
current. gal*va-ni-za'tion, the application of a 
galvanic current to the body for therapeutic or 
other purposes. Electrotherapy ; faradi¬ 
zation. Central g., galvanization in which the 
cathode is placed upon the epigastric region and 
the anode is passed over the forehead, neck, and 
spine. General g., galvanization of the whole 
body. Localized g., galvanization in which the 
application is limited to a circumscribed portion 
of the body, gal'va-nize, to subject to the action 
of galvanism. 

gal'va-no-. Relating to galvanism: a combining 
form. [< Galvanism.] gal*va-no-caus'tic, re¬ 
lating to galvanocautery, as G. amputation, 
amputation in which the soft parts are divided 
with the galvanocautery: and G. snare, a loop 
of platinum wire through which a galvanic 
current is passed, and which can be thrown 
around a growth and bum its way through it; hot 
snare. tg^kva-no- 
caus'tics, the sci¬ 
ence of the caustic 
action of galvanism. 

—gakva-no- cau'te- 
ri-za'tion, a foim of 
actual cautery in 
which heat is gener¬ 
ated by passing a 
galvanic current 
through platinum 
wire. ^ Electro- 
puncture.— gakva- 
no-cau'te-ry. i. = Galvanocauterization. 2. 
The loop, knife, or other appliance which is 
heated in the process of galvanocauterization. 

gakva-no-con-trac-til'i-ty, contractility under 
the stimulus of the galvanic current.— gakva-nos 
em'e-sis, vomiting produced by galvanic elec¬ 
tricity. — gakva-no-far-a-di-za'tion, the thera¬ 
peutic application of galvanic and faradic elec¬ 
tricity simultaneously. — gal - va - nol'o - gy, the 
science of galvanism. — gal-va-nol'y-sis = elec¬ 
trolysis. — gal-va-nom'e-ter, an instrument for 
ascertaining the presence or amount of a 
small electric current in a circuit. Tangent g., 
a form of galvanometer constructed so that the 
strength of the current passing through it is 
proportional to the tangent of the angle through 
which the needle is deflected by the current.— 
gakva-no-plas'ticS| an operation by which an ob' 





I 




Electrodes. 




























GAMBIR 


371 


GANGLIONIC 


ject ie covered with a coat or layer of metal pre¬ 
cipitated from its saline solution by means of an 
electric current.— gabva-no-punc'ture, puncture 
by needles which send a current of electricity 
through the punctured part; electropuncture.— 
gal-van'o-scope, an instrument for ascertaining 
the presence of and the direction of a galvanic 
current. — gal-va-no-sur'ge-ry, the employment 
of galvanism for surgical purposes.— gal'va-no- 
ther-a-peu'tics, -ther'a-py, the employment of 
galvanism in the treatment of disease; elec¬ 
trotherapeutics.— gal’va-no-ther'my, heating or 
burning by means of a galvanic current.— gal'va- 
no-ton'ic, both galvanic and tonic.— gal-va-not'o- 
nus = ELECTROTONUS. — gal-va-not'ro-pism, a 
term for the curvature or direction which a mus¬ 
cle takes under the influence of a galvanic cttrrent. 
gam'bir*. An astringent extract procured from 
the leaves and twigs of Ouroupa'ria gam'bir; pale 
gum catechu. The substance called square cate¬ 
chu and terra japonica is the product of this 
plant. Gambir replaces catechu of the 1890 
U. S. P. Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). 
gam-boge'. = Cambogia*. 

gam'ete. A protoplasmic generative element; a 
conjugative celDelement, whether male or female, 
as the G. form of the malarial parasite, one of 
the sexual generation, Zygote, [ciyapht]^ 
spouse, fr. yd/xog marriage.] tgam'e-tal. gam'- 
e-toid, like the gametes; a term applied to cer¬ 
tain cancer«cells which resemble reproductive 
cells. [^L. j.’o7.] 

gam-et'o-cyte. An adult parasite, as the Plasmo’- 
dium mala'ricB, when in its reproductive form, 
gam-et-o-schiz'ont. The sexual generation of a 
parasite, as that of the malarial organism. 

Gam'gee’s theory. A theory of hydrochloric acid 
formation in the gastric juice, 
gam'ic. Having sexual elements or qualities; re¬ 
lating to reproduction. [ < yduog marriage.] 
gam'ma. The third letter of the Greek alphabet, 7. 
^a. G. angle, the angle at the centre of rota¬ 
tion of the eyes between the optic and visual 
axes. G. granules, coarse basophilic granules, as 
those seen in mast*cells. 
gam'ma-cism. Imperfect pronunciation of the let¬ 
ters g and k, or the substitution of d and t for 
them. ^ Paragammacism. 
gam-o-gen'e-sis. Reproduction from sexual union, 
gam-o-ma'ni a. An insane or intense desire to be 
married. 

gam-o-mor'phism. Complete sexual development, 
gan'gli a. Plural of ganglion. 
gan'gli-ac, gan'gli al, gan'gli ar. Relating to a 
ganglion. 

gan-gli-as-the'ni a. An asthenic state due to some 
gangliopathy, with resulting loss of nerve*stim- 
ulus. 

gan'gli-a-ted. Having ganglia; composed of gan¬ 
glia. G. cord, the series of sympathetic ganglia 
and their connecting nervesfibres situated on 
either side of the vertebral column. G. plexuses, 
the three great prevertebral s)rmpathetic plex¬ 
uses situated within the thorax, abdomen, and 
pelvis, and named respectively the cardiac, the 
epigastric, and the hypogastric. 
gan'gli-form, gang'll o-form. Of the nature, like¬ 
ness, or appearance of a ganglion. G. enlarge¬ 
ment = geniculate ganglion. G. plexus, a 
nervesplexus formed by the roots of origin of the 
inferior maxillary nerve, 
gan-gli-i'tis. = Ganglionitis. 


gan'gli-o-blast. Any one of the bipolar cells of the 
developing spinal ganglia of the embryo. From 
these ganglia the sensory nerve^roots arise, and 
therefore the name cesthesioblast has been pro¬ 
posed as a substitute for ganglioblast, 
gan-gli-o-cy'tin. The nuclein of the nuclei of gan¬ 
glionic cells. It contains phosphorus, and is 
therefore termed cytophosphaiide. 
gan'gli-o-lith. A calculus within a lymphatic gan¬ 
glion. 

gan'gli-o-lum. A small ganglion, 
gan-gli-o'ma. A tumor of the lymphatic ganglia, 
gan'gli on, pi. -glia. i. An encysted tumor occur¬ 
ring on a tendon or an aponeurosis, as on the 
back of the hand. r^CvsT; tendovaginitis. 
2. A lymphatic gland. 3. An aggregation of 
gray nervous matter, consisting of nerve»cells 
{ganglion^cells), having nervesfibres connected 
with it, and serving as a centre of nervous 
power. For specially named varieties of ganglia, 
see the qualifying words. G. of Andersch = 
petrous ganglion. G. of Arnold = OTIC gan¬ 
glion. Ganglia of Auerbach = Auerbach’s 
GANGLIA. G.scapsule, the enveloping sheath of a 
ganglion. G.scell or scorpuscle, the nerve=cells 
characteristic of ganglia and of gray nervous 
matter. G.scell layer, one of the layers of the 
retina situated between the nerve=fibre layer 
and the inner reticular layer and made up of a 
row of large multipolar nervescells. m- Retina. 
G. cervica'le = G. inferius. G. of Cloquet = 
Cloquet’s ganglion. G. of Corti = spiral 
GANGLION. G. diaphragmat'icum = diaphragmat¬ 
ic GANGLION. G. of Frankenhauser, the cervico* 
uterine ganglion. G. of Gasser = gasserian 
GANGLION. G.sglobule, a ganglionscell. G. im'- 
par, a small ganglion on the coccyx. G. infe'- 
rius, a ganglion of the pneumogastric situated 
near the jugular foramen; G. cervicale; G. of the 
trunk. G. of Meckel = sphenopalatine gan¬ 
glion. G. of Meissner = Meissner’s ganglion. 
G. of Remak = Remak’s ganglion. G. ret'inae, 
the outer of the two subdivisions of the internal 
nuclear layer of the retina, made up of small 
bipolar nerve*cells. G. of Ribes= Ribes’s gan¬ 
glion. G. of the root = jugular ganglion, def. 
2. G. of Scarpa = Scarpa’s ganglion. G. 
spira'le = spiral GANGLION. G. of the trunk = 
G. inferius. G. of Wrisberg, a small ganglion 
within the superficial cardiac plexus, 
gan'gli-o-na-ry. Composed of ganglia, 
gan-gli-o-neu'ron, gan'gli-o-neure. The celDbody 
, of a neuron situated within a spinal or cerebral 
ganglion. 

gan-gli-on'ic. Pertaining to a ganglion or to gan¬ 
glia; consisting of ganglia. G. arteries, cen¬ 
tral ARTERIES OF THE BRAIN; ANTEROLAT¬ 
ERAL, Anteromedian, Posterolateral, and 
Posteromedian GANGLIONIC arteries. G. canal, 
the canal encircling the modiolus of tfie coch¬ 
lea and containing the spiral ganglion. G. cen¬ 
tres, centres of gray matter in the brain situated 
between the lateral ventricle and the decussation 
of the anterior pyramids, and including the cor¬ 
pora striata, optic thalami, etc. G. corpuscle, a 
ganglionscell. G. layer, a layer of angular gan¬ 
glion scells in the cerebral cortex, especially 
marked in the motor region. G. nerve, the great 
sympathetic nerve. G. neuroma, a neuroma made 
of nervescells: they are usually skin tumors, 
formed on endings of sympathetic nerves around 
small cutaneous arteries. G. plexus, a nerve* 


GANGLIONICA 


372 


GAS 


plexus containing ganglionscells. G. saliva, saliva 
which is secreted when the submaxillary ganglion 
is stimulated. G. scrofula, scrofulous adenitis. 
G. system or G. nervous system, the great sym¬ 
pathetic nerve, with its ganglia, constituting 
the nervous supply of involuntary muscle, 
gan-gli-on'i-ca. A class of medical agents which 
affect the sensibility or muscular motion of parts 
supplied by the sympathetic system. 
gan-gU-o-ni'tis. Inflammation of a ganglion: anal¬ 
ogous to neuritis and usually combined with it. 
gan'gli-on-less. Having no ganglia: said of a nerve, 
gan-gli-op'a-thy. A nerve disorder dependent upon 
or involving a ganglion or ganglia. 

Gan'golphe’s sign. The presence in strangulated 
hernia of bloody serum in the abdominal cavity, 
gan-go'sa. A disease of Guam (2% of the popula¬ 
tion there being affected), Bolivia, etc., character¬ 
ized by a destructive ulceration, followed by 
cicatrization and mutilation of palate, nasal cavity, 
larynx, and even the face. [T[ U. S. N. M. B. ’08.] 
gan-gras'na. = Gangrene. G. oris, gangrene of 
the mouth; cancrum oris. 
gan'grene. Mortification or death of a part: it is 
caused either by direct destruction of tissue or the 
cessation of circulation, Decubitus ; eschar; 
necrosis; noma; phaged^ena; sphacelus; 
TUBERCULIZATION. Gangrene foudroyant or ful¬ 
minant, g. with violent symptoms ending in 
speedy dissolution. (Fr.) Moist or humid g., that 
form of mortification in which the affected part 
contains more or less of decomposed or other 
fluids. In dry gangrene (Gangrce'na sic'ca) these 
fluids are not present, or are present only in very 
small quantity. The latter form, being frequently 
found to affect old people, has been sometimes 
called Gangrce'na seni'lis. For other varieties of 
gangrene see the adjectives. [< L. gangrce'na, 
fr. ydyypaiva, fr. ypdv to gnaw, to consume.] 
tgan'gre-noid, resembling gangrene. gan-gre- 
no'sis, gan'gre-nous, of the nature of or affected 
with gangrene, as G. abscess,, abscess attended 
with'gangrene of the surrounding parts: G. appen¬ 
dicitis, a form marked by local or general necrosis, 
sloughing, perforation, and leading often to peri¬ 
tonitis with abscess formation and other compli¬ 
cations: G. erysipelas, erysipelas in which there is 
sloughing beneath the affected skin: G. pharyn¬ 
gitis, pharyngitis: G. sanies, sanies resulting 
from dead tissues: and G. stomatitis = cancrum 

ORIS. 

Gan-nal’s' solution. Solution of aluminum acetate. 
Gan'ser’s syndrome. The peculiar, foolish behavior 
of hysterics, alcoholics, etc.; “Vorbeireden” (Ger.). 
Gant’s clamp. A right=angled clamp: used in ope¬ 
rations for hemorrhoids. G.’s line, an imaginary 
line below the greater trochanter of the femur. 
G.’s operation, an operation for ankylosis of the 
hipsjoint made by dividing the shaft of the femur 
below the lesser trochanter, 
gap. = Lacuna*. 
gapes. r^SVNGAMUS trachealis. 
gaping. = Pandiculation. 
gar'bage. Refuse animal or vegetable matter, 
gar'bling. The assorting of drugs by dealers. 
Garcin'ia. A genus of guttiferous trees, several 
species of which furnish gamboge. 

Garde'nia. A genus of ornamental rubiaceous shrubs 
or trees, natives of China, South Africa, India, 
etc. G. campanula'ta, a tree or shrub of India, 
the fruit of which is cathartic. G. grandiflo'ra, 
a Chinese tree or shrub, the fruit of which is 


employed to dye the yellow robes of the manda¬ 
rins. It yields a tinctorial glucoside called crocin. 
G. gummif'era, and G. lu'cida, species of shrubs 
or trees, natives of India. They yield a fragrant 
resin somewhat resembling elemi, which is locally 
esteemed in the treatment of dyspepsia, Dik- 
AMALi. [Named in honor of Alexander Garden.] 
gar-de'nine. A dark yellow crystalline compound, 
Cj4Hj20g, from Garde'nia lu'cida. 

Gar'di-ner’s alimentary preparation. A nutritious 
article consisting of very finely ground rice meal. 
Gar'di-nersBrown’s test. A test for labyrinthine 
disease made by placing a tuning-fork on the 
vertex of the head: the practitioner hears the vi¬ 
brations for several seconds after they are lost to 
the^atient when disease is present. 

Gar'el’s sign. Lack of luminous perception in 
transillumination upon the affected side in dis¬ 
eases of the antrum of Highmore, 
gar'ga-rize. To gargle; to wash out, as the throat 
or the mouth, fg^j'ga-rism, a gargle, gar-gar- 
i-za'tion. 

gar'get. i. = Phytolacca decandra. 2. Inflam¬ 
mation of a cow’s udder. 3. A swelling in the 
throat of animals, as of the pig. 
gar'gle. A medicinal preparation for cleaning the 
throat. In the act of gar'gling the liquid is pre¬ 
vented from entering the larynx or oesophagus 
by the forcible expulsion of air against it. 
gar'land. i. =Spirem. 2. =Coron.\*. tg^r'lands 
like, as G. fascic'uli, the fibres uniting the various 
folia of the cerebellum and forming the periphe¬ 
ral part of the arbor vitae: so called from their ar¬ 
rangement. 

Garland’s sign or curve. = Ellis’s line. 
gar'lic. The plant Al'lium sati'vum. 
garotilha (ga-ro-tfl'ha). Anthrax of Brazilian cattle. 
Gar'rod’s test. A test for uric acid present in the 
blood, made by adding blood-serum to acetic 
acid in the proportion of 60 to i and then im¬ 
mersing a thread in the mixture. The thread 
will become covered with a film of uric acid crys¬ 
tals. G.’s theory, the theory that gout is due to 
an excess of uric acid in the blood, 
gar'rot, gar'rotte. A cylindrical piece of wood or 
ivory for tightening circular bandages. [ F., 

“ stick,” a kind of lever.] 
gar-ru'li-ty of vulva. = Flatus vaginalis. 

Gar'rya fremon'ti. A cornaceous shrub of Califor¬ 
nia containing the alkaloid gar'ry-ine: anti peri¬ 
odic and tonic. 

Gart'ner’s duct or canal. A fine canal running by 
the side of the uterus from the parovarium to the 
vagina. It is the remains of the lower portion 
of the Wolffian duct of the embryo and is the 
homologue of the vas deferens. [Gartner, a Dan¬ 
ish anatomist, 1785-1827. This name is often 
wrongly spelt Gartner.] 

gas. An aeriform, elastic fluid, Boyle’s law. 
G. abscess = TYMPANITIC ABSCESS. G. bacillus 
= Bacillus welchi. G. cautery, cautery with 
a specially arranged illuminating^gas flame. G. 
flame, Bunsen burner. tg^^s'eous, as G. 
gangrene, gangrene in which gases, such as hydro¬ 
gen sulphide, are formed in the subcutaneous tis¬ 
sues: G. lavation, the administration of gaseous 
mineral waters with a view to increasing pul¬ 
monary osmosis: G. phlegmon, one attended with 
the formation and escape of offensive gas along 
with the pus; malignant oedema: and G. pulse, 
a pulse in which the artery seems full and very 
soft, as if it were filled with air. 


GASKELL’S CLAMP 


37B 


GASTRITIS 


Gas'kell’s clamp. A clamp applied over the heart in 
order that the pulsation of the auricles and that 
of the ventricles may be separately ascertained, 
gas'o-lene. A variety of crude benzin, or light 
hydrocarbon oil, derived from petroleum. 
gas-om'e-ter. An instrument for measuring gas. 
tgas-o-met'ric, as analysis, i. Analysis to as¬ 
certain the constituents of a gaseous compound. 
2. Analysis performed by determining the vol¬ 
ume of gas evolved by decomposing the sub¬ 
stance. ga-som'e-try. 

gas'o-lyte. An element such as carbon, sulphur, 
or phosphorus which combines with hydrogen, 
oxygen, or fluorine to form a permanent gas. 
gasp. A spasmodic inspiration of breath through 
the mouth. 

Gas'sa button. '"= Oriental sore. 
gas-ser-ec'to-my. Surgical removal of the gasse¬ 
rian ganglion. 

gas-se'ri an (Gas'ser’s) artery, i. A branch of the 
internal carotid to the gasserian ganglion. 2. A 
branch of the middle meningeal to the gasserian 
ganglion. G. ganglion, a semilunar ganglion; 
the ganglion connected with the sensory portion 
of the fifth pair of nerves. G. nerves = muscu¬ 
locutaneous NERVES. 

gas'ter*. i. Stomach; ventriculus. 2. Belly; ab¬ 
domen. [ L., fr. yaarr/p stomach.] fg^s-ter'ic. 
gas-ter-an-gem-phrax'is. Congestion of the blood* 
vessels of the stomach, 
gas-ter-as-the'ni a. = Gastr asthenia. 
gas-ter-ec'ta-sis. = Gastrectasis. 
gas-ter-hys-te-rot'o-my. = Cesarean operation. 
Gasteromyce'tes. Basidiomycetes. 
gas-trae'mi a. Congestion of the gastric veins, 
gas'tral. Gastric; relating to the endoderm of the 
embryo. 

gas-tral'gi a, gas-tral'gy. Pain in the stomach; gas- 
trodynia; cardialgia. [< yacrr^/p stomach -I- a?,yog 
pain.] 

gas-tral-go-ke-no'sis. Painful emptiness of the 
stomach which is relieved by taking food: marked 
by attacks of pain in the gastric region and without 
bulimia or disturbances of function. [< yaarT/p 
stomach -t- aXyog pain + Kevuaig evacuation.] 
gas-tras-the'nia. Gastric asthenia; feebleness of 
digestion. [< yaarrjp stomach -|- asthenia.] 
gas-tra-tax'i a. Gastric disorder, 
gas-tra-tro'phi a. Gastric atrophy, 
gas-trec'ta-sis, gas-trec-ta'si a. A dilatation of the 
■ stomaeh, chiefly due to pyloric stenosis, habitual 
polyphagia, or weakness of the musculature of 
the stomach, as in anaemia, 
gas-trec'to-my. The cutting out and removal of 
any part of the stomach, Gastrotomy. [< 
yaoTTip stomach -f ek out -f Toprj cutting.] 
gas-trel-co'sis. Ulceration of the stomach, 
gas-tren-ceph-a-lo'ma. A brain*like fungus of the 
stomach. 

gas-tren'chy-ta. A stomach*pump. 
gas-tren-te-ral'gi a. = Gastro*enteralgia. 
gas-tre-re-this'i a. Irritability of the stomach, 
gas'tric. Belonging to the stomach; ventricular. 
G. area, the upper portion of the anterior 
surface of the left kidney, which lies in contact 
with the stomach. G. artery, a branch of 
the cocliac axis distributed to the lesser curva¬ 
ture of the stomach from the cardiac to the 
pyloric orifice. It also gives branches to the 
oesophagus. G. asthma, asthma caused by reflex 
irritation from the stomach. G. catarrh, gastri¬ 
tis. G. coronary plexus, coronary plexus. 


G. crises, paroxysms of severe pain in the abdo¬ 
men and gastric region accompanying the early 
stages of locomotor ataxia. G. digestion, the 
part of the digestive process carried on in the 
stomach. G. dyspepsia, dyspepsia from derange¬ 
ment of the stomaeh. G. epilepsy, epilepsy due 
to gastric irritation. G. fever, a popular name 
for a febrile condition with prominent gastric 
symptoms; also for typhoid fever. G. fistula, an 
opening into the stomach through the abdominal 
wall. G. gland, any one of the glands of the 
stomach. G. hormone, hormone. G. hernia 
= GASTROCELE. G. hypermotility, exaggerated 
movements of the stomach due to excessive acid¬ 
ity. G. impression, a shallow depression on the 
under surface of the liver and the upper portion of 
the left kidney for the stomach; impressio gas- 
trica*. G. juice,the juice gradually secreted by the 
gastric glands, by the action of which on the food 
important changes in the process of digestion 
are carried on; succus gastricus"^. It is an acid 
mixture of numerous substances, among which 
are pepsin, rennin, free hydrochloric acid 
(about 0.2%), mucin, phosphates and other 
organic salts, and possibly lactic acid, though 
the latter substance is usually considered as 
being derived from the fermentation of the 
carbohydrates: specific gravity, 1002. ^Secre¬ 
tin. The amount secreted in 24 hours was 
estimated in Alexis St. Martin’s case to be 
t8o grammes, but it probably often amounts to 
several litres, both its composition and amount 
being largely influenced by psychical conditions. 
c^Riegel’s test. An artificial gastric juice is 
prepared from glycerinized pepsin to which 0.2% 
of hydrochloric acid has been added. G. nerves, 
branches of the pneumogastric and sympathetic 
nerves distributed to the stomach. G. neuras¬ 
thenia, nervous disturbance of the digestion. G. 
omentum, the great omentum. G. otitis, otitis 
complicated with gastric symptoms. G. plexus, 
CORONARY PLEXUS. G. region, the region over 
the stomach. G. sedative, a drug, as the bismuth 
salts, cocaine, hydrocyanic acid, etc., which de¬ 
creases or allays the irritability of the stomach. 
G. softening = gastromalacia. G. stamper, a 
clothscovered gastric balloon for obtaining an 
impression of a bleeding gastric ulcer. G. stimu¬ 
lant, a medicine which stimulates the stomach’s 
action, such as alcohol and the pungent aromatics. 
G. ulcer, a round ulcer of the stomach, often 
hereditary, found usually on the posterior surface, 
which may cause chronic, and even fatal, symp¬ 
toms. G. veins, veins of the stomach. G. verti¬ 
go, vertigo due to stomachic disorders., 

gas'tri-cism. i. Any gastric affection, especially 
acute gastric catarrh. 2. The theory that all 
diseases are caused by the accumulation of im¬ 
purities in the stomach and bowels. ^ 

gas-tric'o-lous. Living within the stomach, as a 
parasite. 

gas-tri-mar'gi a, gas-tri-mar'gism. Excessive glut¬ 
tony. 

gas'trin. i. A hormone liberated at the pyloric 
end of the stomach which stimulates the whole 
secretory function of that organ. 2. A proprie¬ 
tary organic extract from the stomach of the ox 
which may be administered hypodermically. 

gas-trit'ic. Pertaining to or of the nature of gastritis. 

gas-tri'tis. Inflammation of the mucous membrane 
of the stomach. It occurs under two forms, 
catarrhal and erythematous gastritis, and is in 


GASTROr 


374 


GASTRO- 


some cases acute, in others chronic. The most 
common causes are errors in diet and an im¬ 
moderate use of spirituous liquors. G. glandu- 
la'ris atro'phicans, progressive atrophy of the 
glands of the stomach leading to achylia gastrica. 
gas'tro-. Pertaining to the stomach; gastric; 
VENTRO-; a combining form. [<70(777/0 stomach.] 
gas*trosad-e-ni'tis, inflammation of the glands 
of the stomach. ^Gastritis. — gas*trosa-dy- 
nam'ic, having gastric symptoms together 
with weakness.— gasdrosa-nas-to-mo'sis, an anas¬ 
tomosis between the pyloric and cardiac ends of 
the stomach; gastrogastrostomy.— gas'trosar- 
thri'tis, gout in the stomach and the joints, 
tgas’trosar-thrit'ic. — gasdrosa-tax'i a, a condi¬ 
tion in which some parts of the stomach^walls 
are hardened or thickened, other parts being 
softened or inflamed; gastrataxia. fg^sdrosa- 
tax'ic.— gas-tro-bil'ious fever = Malta fever. — 
gas*tro-blen-nor-rhoe'a, an overproduction of gas¬ 
tric mucus. — gas’tro-bron-chi'tis. i. Distemper 
of dogs. 2. Irritation of the gastric and bron¬ 
chial mucous membranes attended with fever.— 
gas-tro-bro'sis, perforation of the stomach by 
corrosion.— gas'tro-cele, hernia in which a por¬ 
tion of the stomach is protruded.— gas'tro-ceph- 
a-li'tis, inflammation of the stomach and of the 
brain. — gas-tro-cho'li a, bilious disease of the 
stomach.— gas‘tro-cho-lo'sis, gastric bilious fever. 

— gas*tro-chy-mor-rhoe'a, excessive secretion of 
the glands of the stomach, Gastrorrhcea. 

— gas-troc-ne'mi us, the superficial muscle con¬ 
stituting the chief part of the calf of the leg; 
musculus gastrocnemius*. It extends the foot 
and assists in flexing the knee*joint and has a 
bursa (bursa musculi gastrocnemii medialis*) in¬ 
tervening between the inner head and the cap¬ 
sule of the knee*joint and another bursa (bursa 
musculi gastrocnemii lateralis*) bearing similar 
relations to the outer head.— gas-tro-col'ic, relat¬ 
ing to both the stomach and the colon, as G. 
ligament, the fold of the great omentum attached 
to the colon and the stomach; ligamentum gas- 
trocolicum*: and G. omentum, the greater omen¬ 
tum. ^ Omentum. — gasdro-co-li'tis, inflamma¬ 
tion of the stomach and the colon.— gas*tro-co- 
los'to-my, the formation of an artificial commu¬ 
nication between the stomach and the colon.— 
gas’tro-co-lot'o-my, the opening of both the 
stomach and the colon.— gas‘tro-col-pot'o-my, 
the operation of cutting through the abdominal 
wall into the vagina; laparo*elytrotomy.— gas- 
tro-cys'tis, in embryology, the mammalian blas¬ 
todermic vesicle.— gas-tro-di'a-phane, gastro- 
DiAPHANY. — gas'tro-di-aph'a-ny, gas'tro-di-a- 
pha-nos’'co-py, examination of the stomach by 
transillumination produced by introducing a 
small electric lamp (gastrodiaphane) into that 
organ. By this means the outlines of the stom¬ 
ach may be seen if there is no thickening of the 
anterior wall.— gas*tro-di*a-phrag-mat'ic hernia, 
hernia of the stomach through the diaphragm. 

— gas-tro-did'y-mus, a twin monstrosity having 
a single abdominal cavity.— Gastrodis'cus. i. 
A genus of trematode parasitic worms. G. hom'- 

= Amphistoma hominis. 2. The germinal 
area of the germ*vesicle of a mammal.— gasdro- 
du-o-de'nal, relating to the stomach and duode¬ 
num, as G. artery, a branch of the hepatic artery 
to the duodenum and the greater curvature 
of the stomach; arteria gastroduodenalis*: G. 
plexus, a branch of the coeliac plexus accom¬ 


panying the pancreaticoduodenal and the 
right gastro*epiploic artery: and G. vein, a 
branch of the right gastro*epiploic vein from the 
duodenum and the pancreas.— gas‘tro-du'o-de- 
ni'tis, inflammation of the stomach and the duo¬ 
denum. When it affects only the mucous mem¬ 
brane it is called Catarrhal g. — gas‘tro-du*o-de- 
nos'to-my, the surgical formation of an artificial 
communication between the stomach and the 
duodenum. — gas-tro-dyn'i a, gas'tro-dyne, spas¬ 
modic pain in the stomach; cardialgia. Gas- 
TRALGiA.— gas'trosec'ta-sis, -ec-ta'si a, dilatation 
of the stomach.— gas*trose-lec-tri-za'tion, the 
therapeutic application of electricity to the 
stomach. — gas'trosel-y-trot'o-my = gastrocol- 
poTdMY.— gas'trosen-te-ral'gi a, pain in the 
stomach and bowels; gastrenteralgia.— gas'tros 
en-ter'ic, relating to the stomach and the small 
intestine, as G. diseases. — gas*trosen-te-ri'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the gastro*intestinal mucous mem¬ 
brane. tgas-tro-en-te-rit'ic. — gas‘trosen-te-ro- 
co-li'tis, combined inflammation of the stomach, 
small intestine, and colon.— gas*trosen'te-ro-co- 
los'to-my, the formation of an artificial communi¬ 
cation of the stomach, the small intestine, and the 
colon.— gas'trosen-te-rop'a-thy = gastro*en- 
TERiTis. — gas'trosen-te-ro-plas'ty, gas'trosen-te- 
rop-to'sis, prolapse of the stomach and intestines. 
gas‘trosen-te-ros'to-my, the formation of an arti¬ 
ficial communication between the stomach and 
the intestine, as by the method of McGraw. — 
gas'trosen-te-rot'o-my, cutting into the intestine 
through the abdominal wall.— gas'trosep-i-plo'ic, 
belonging to the stomach and the omentum, 
as G. arteries, the arteries coursing along the 
greater curvature of the stomach, a right branch 
from the gastroduodenal and a left branch from 
the splenic: G. gland, either of two glands, a 
superior and an inferior, the former situated 
in the gastrophrenic ligament, the latter near 
the greater curvature of the stomach: fi. plexus, 
a branch of the hepatic plexus accompanying the 
right gastrosepiploic artery along the greater 
curvature of the stomach: and G. veins, two 
veins, a right and a left, derived respectively 
from the superior mesenteric and the splenic 
vein, and coming respectively from the greater 
curvature and the right end of the stomach.— 
gas’tro-fa-ra-di-za'tion, the application of fara- 
dism to the stomach for therapeutic purposes.— 
gas*tro-gal-va-ni-za'tion, the galvanization of the 
stomach for therapeutic purposes.— gas*tro-gas- 
tros'to-my, the operation of forming two open¬ 
ings in the stomach, as in hourglass contraction 
of that viscus.— gas'tro-graph, an instrument for 
the graphic recording of the peristaltic move¬ 
ments of the stomach.— gas*tro-hel-co'ma, per¬ 
forating ulcer of the stomach.— gas'tro-hel-co'- 
sis, ulceration of the stomach.— gas’tro-he-pat'- 
ic, relating to the stomach and the liver, as G. 
artery, the gastric artery: and G. omentum, the 
small omentum, Omentum. — gas*tro-hy-per- 

ner'vi a, -hy-per-neu'ri a, a diseased condition of 
the gastric nerves whereby their functional ac¬ 
tivity is increased; gastrypemeuria.— gas*tro-hy- 
per-ton'ic, denoting morbid gastric tonicity.— gas*- 
tro-hys-te-rec'to-my, abdominal section with the 
removal of the uterus and appendages.— gas- 
tro-hys'te-ro-pex-y, -hys-te-ror'rha-phy, -hys'te- 
ro-syn'a-phy = hysteropexy. — gas’tro-hys-te- 
rot'o-my, abdominal section with incision of the 
uterus.— gas'troid, stomach*like.— gas’trosin-tes'- 


GASTRO- 


375 


GATISM 


ti-nal, relating to the stomach and the intestine. 

— gas‘tro-je-ju-nos'to-my, the surgical formation 
of an anastomosis between the stomach and the 
jejunum, done in cases of carcinoma of the 
pylorus.— gas’tTO-ki-nes'o-graph= gastrograph. 

— gas'tro-la-ryn-gi'tis, combined gastritis and 

laryngitis.— gas-tro-li'e-nal ligament = gast ro- 
SPLENic LIGAMENT.— gas'tro-lith, a calculus or 
concretion in the stomach. ct-^gagropilus ; 
bezoar; enterolith.— gas*tro-li-thi'a-sis, that 
morbid condition which is characterized by the 
presence of gastroliths.— gas-troi'o-gy, the science 
of the stomach, its structure, function, etc.— 
gas-trol'o-quism = ventriloquism. — gas-trol'y- 
sis, loosening of the stomach from adhesions.— 
gas‘tro-ma-la'ci a, -ma-la-co'sis, -ma-lax'i a, soft¬ 
ening of the stomach, CEsophagomalacia.— 

gas*tro-me-ga'U a, -meg'a-ly = megalogastria. 

— gas-trom'e-lus, a monster with one or more 
accessory limbs growing from the abdomen.— 
gas-tro-me'ni a, vicarious menstruation by way 
of the stomach.— gas'tro-me-tri'tis, gastritis and 
metritis occurring together.— gasdro-me-trot'o- 
my, abdominal section.— gas-tro-mu'cous, marked 
by disturbance of the gastric function and ab¬ 
normal secretion of mucus.— gas-tro-my'ces, fun¬ 
goid growths in the stomach.— gas-tro-my-co'- 
sis, gastric disease due to fungi.— gas-tro-myx'- 
in, a proprietary preparation of pepsin.— gas‘- 
tro-myx-or-rhoe'a, abnormal flow of mucus from 
the stomach. — gas-tro-ner'vi a, -neu'ri a, the 
action of the gastric nerves.— gas-tron'o-sos, 
-sus, disorder of the stomach.— gasdrosoe-so- 
pha^ge al, relating to the stomach and oesoph¬ 
agus. tgasdrosoe-soph-a-gi'tis. — gasdroso-men'- 
tal = GASTROsEPiPLoic. — gasdro-pan-crc-at'ic, 
relating to the stomach and the pancreas, as G. 
fold or ligament, a fold of the peritoneum extend¬ 
ing between the posterior surface of the stomach 
and the anterior surface of the pancreas; plica 
gastropancreatica*. — gasdro-pa-ral'y-sis, paral¬ 
ysis of the stomach.— gasdro-pa-ri'e-tal, pertain¬ 
ing to the stomach and the bodyswall.— gas-trop'- 
a-thy, disease of the stomach. fgas'tro-path. 
gas-tro-path'ic. — gasdro-per-i-car-di'tis, gastritis 
and pericarditis occurring together.— gasdro-per- 
i-o-dyn'ia, a disease said to be peculiar to India, 
attended with intermittent neuralgic abdominal 
pains.— gas'tro-pex-y, gas-tro-pex'is, attachment 
of the stomach to the abdominal wall, as for the 
relief of displacement.— gas'tro-phore, an instru¬ 
ment used for fixation of the stomach.— gas-tro- 
phren'ic ligament, a fold of the peritoneum ex¬ 
tending between the diaphragm and the stomach 
near the oesophagus.— gas-troph'thi-sis, thicken¬ 
ing of the walls of the stomach due to hyper¬ 
plasia of the mucous and submucous coats and 
consequent decrease in size of its cavity. — gas'- 
tro-plas-ty, the correction of deformity of the 
stomach by a plastic operation.— gas-tro-ple'gi a 
= GASTROPARALYSis. — gasdro-pli-ca'tion. i. The 
removal of a portion of the wall of the dilated 
stomach by surgical means. 2. «= Gastrorrha- 
phy. — gasdro-pneu-mon'ic, relating to the 
stomach and the lungs. — gas-trop-to'si a, the 
etymologically correct form for gastroptosis. — 
gas-trop-to'sis, a downward displacement of the 
stomach.— gas-tro-purmo-na-ry, relating to the 
stomach and the lungs.— gas'tro-py-lo-rec'to-my, 
excision of the pyloric end of the stomach, 
gas'tro-py-ior'ic, relating to the stomach and the 
pylorus. — gas-tror'rha-gy, gas-tror-rha'gi a, es¬ 


cape of the contents of the stomach through a 
lesion of its several coats; also the oozing of 
blood from its internal surface.— gas-tror'rha- 
phy, the sewing of wounds of the stomach or of 
penetrating wounds of the abdomen.— gas-tror- 
rhce'a, undue increase of the secretion of the 
mucous glands of the stomach; also a flux from 
the belly; chylorrhoea.— gas-tro-sal'i-va-ry, per¬ 
taining to the stomach and the salivary glands.— 
gas'tro-san, bismuth disalicylate; one-half is sali¬ 
cylic acid.— gas-tros'chi-sis, congenital fissure of 
the anterior abdominal wall, Thoracogas- 
TRoscHisis.— gas'tro-scope, an endoscope used 
for viewing the interior of the living stomach, 
tgas-tros'co-py.— gas-tro'si a = gastroxia. — 
gas-tro'sis, any disease of the stomach, especially 
an acute gastric catarrh. — gas'tro-spasm, spasm 
of the stomach.— gas-tro-sple'nic ligament or 
omentum, a doubling of the peritoneum, extend¬ 
ing from the fundus of the stomach to the hilum 
of the spleen ; ligamentum gastrolienale *.— gas*- 
tro-sple-ni'tis, inflammation of the stomach and 
the spleen.— gas-tros'te-gous, covering the stom¬ 
ach. — gas‘tro-ste-no'sis, contraction or shrink¬ 
age of the stomach.— gas-tros'to-mize, to per¬ 
form the operation of gastrostomy upon.— gas- 
tros'to-mo-la-vage, the washing out of the 
stomach through a gastric fistula.— gas-tros'to- 
my, gas-tro-sto-mo'sis, the operation of forming 
an artificial opening into the stomach, as for 
feeding in cicatricial and carcinomatous stric¬ 
tures of the oesophagus, Kader’s operation. 

— gas'tro-suc-cor-rhoe'a, excessive secretion of 
gastric juice; chylorrhoea gastrica. Reich- 
mann’s disease.— gas-tro-stax'is, oozing of blood 
from the mucous membrane of the stomach. 

— gas'tro-tome, a cutting instrument used in 
gastrotomy.— gas-trot'o-my. i. = Laparotomy. 
2. Cutting into the stomach itself. k^Enterot- 
OMY. — gas-tro-tox'in. i. A cytolysin produced 
in the stomach. 2. The serum of a rabbit immu¬ 
nized against the gastric cells of a guinea-pig or 
of another rabbit.— gas’tro-tra-che-lot'o-my, a 
variety of hysterotomy made by cutting trans¬ 
versely through the cervix of the uterus.— gas*- 
tro-tu-bot'o-my, incision of an oviduct through 
the abdominal wall.— gas'tro-tym-pa-ni'tes, dis¬ 
tention of the stomach with gas.— gas-trox'i a, 
gas-trox-yn'sis, dyspepsia with great acidity of 
the stomach and pain. G. fungo'sa, that in which 
the hyperacidity is due to mould-vegetation in 
the stomach. 

*^as'tru-la. The impregnated ovum at a certain 
stage of its development, consisting of a hollow 
vesicle with an aperture formed by invagination 
of the blastula. It consists of two coats, the 
epiblast and the hypo blast, the aperture (blasto- 
porej btillig al llie point where these two coats 
are continuous. [< yacrr^p stomach.] tgss'tni- 
lar. gas-tru-la'tion, the formation of a gastrula. 

gas-try-pal'gi a. Slight pain in the stomach. 

gas-try-p^r-neu'ri a. = Gastrohypernervia. 

gas-try-per-pa-thi'a. Severe affection of the stom¬ 
ach. 

gas-try-po-pa-thi'a. Slight affection of the stomach. 

ga’susba'su, sbe'su. An East Indian plant which 
yields a local anaesthetic. 

Gate'house’s test. The same as Fleitmann’s test, 
except that aluminum wire replaces the zinc. 

gath'er-ing. A swelling or abscess in its inflamed 
and suppurating stages. 

ga'tism. Rectal or vesical incontinence. 



GATTINE 


376 


GELLE’S BINAURAL REFLEX 


gat'tine. -= Pebrine. 

Gaucher’s disease (g6-shez), A malignant type of 

SPLENOMEGALY. 

Gaulthe'ria. i. A genus of ericaceous shrubs. 2. 
The leaves of G. procum'bens, wintergreen, or tea- 
berry. It is stimulant, aromatic, and astringent. 
It may be used with advantage in some forms of 
chronic diarrhoea. G. oil = oleum gaultheri^*, 
G. spirit = spiRiTus gaultheri^*. Synthetic oil 
of g. = METHYLis SALiCYLAS*. fgaul-the'ric acid, 
the heavy oil of G. procum'bens, a constituent of 
the commercial oil of wintergreen. It combines 
with bases and forms salts called gaultherates. 
gaul-ther'i-lene, a hydrocarbon, Cj^Hjg, isomeric 
with turpentine, found in oil of gaultheria. 
gaul'the-rin. A principle which exists in the bark 
of black birch, Bet'ula len'ia. It is converted by 
the action of water into an oil nearly identical 
with volatile oil of gaultheria. 
gaunnet. A bandage covering the hand and fingers, 
gauze. In surgery, cheese*cloth or other thin 
fabric. Before use, it is generally rendered 
aseptic, as by heat; or antiseptic, as by mercuric 
chloride, bismuth subnitrate, iodoform, etc. 
gavage (ga-vazh). Enforced alimentation, espe¬ 
cially, the administration of food by means of 
an oesophageal tube to feeble infants or as in 
Mitchell’s treatment. 

Gavalowski’s test (ga-v 4 -lof'sciz). A test for glu¬ 
cose in sugar, made by heating a solution of the 
sugar with ammonium molybdate to 100° C. 
(212° F.), when the solution will turn blue if glu¬ 
cose is present. 

Gavard’s muscle (ga-v^rz). The oblique muscular 
fibres of the wall of the stomach. 

gay'sfeath-er. ^ Liatris. 

gayle. A fatal form of puerperal sepsis in ewes: 
sometimes infecting man and causing flat lobu- 
lated vesicles on the hands. 

GaysLussac’s law (ge-lii-sacs). The law that there is 
always the same simple relation between the vol¬ 
umes of two gases which combine, and also between 
the sum of the volumes of the combining gases 
and the volume of the gas resulting therefrom. 

Gd. The chemical symbol for gadolinium. 

Ge. The chemical symbol for germanium. 

Ge'ber’s glomerules. A convolution made by the 
ends of nerves supplying the buccal epithelium, 
ge'ic acid, ge'in. = Humic acid. [< 77 earth.] 
geis'sine. =Geissospermine. 

Geiss'ler’s test. A delicate test for albumin in the 
urine, made by placing in the urine two test* 
papers, one dipped in citric acid and dried, and 
the other dipped in a 3% solution of mercuric 
chloride containing 14% potassium iodide and 
dried: a precipitate will form if albumin be pres¬ 
ent. G.’s tubes, Rontgen rays. 
Geissosper^mum. A genus of plants, er Paopereira 
BARK. tg®is-so-sper'mine, a poisonous alkaloid, 
CigH 24 N 202 -f HgO, from the bark of Geissosper'- 
mum Ice've, a tree of Brazil. It is antiperiodic 
and tonic. Dose, 0.5 to 2 Gm. (8 to 30 grs.). 

Gel. quay. Abbr. for gelat'ina qua'vis, in any kind 
of jelly. 

ge-lan'thum. A water-soluble vehicle for ointments. 
It contains gelatin, tragacanth, rose-water, and 
thymol. 

gel'a-tin, gel'a-tine. A Isevorotatory albuminoid 
substance obtained from certain forms of connec¬ 
tive tissue, rich in white fibrous tissue, as tendon, 
bone, ligament, and areolar tissue, by long con¬ 
tinued boiling in water. It is soluble in hot water 


and insoluble in cold water. Gelatin is used for 
coating pills, for making gelatin capsules, disks, 
and suppositories, and as a culture-medium for 
bacteria. It reacts with Millon’s reagent, and 
with copper sulphate and potassium hydrate gives 
a violet color. By digestion it is converted into 
a peptone which while readily absorbed does not 
build up nitrogenous tissue. ^ Gelatinum*; 
GELATiNUM GLYCERiNATUM*. G. bath, a bath con¬ 
taining dissolved glue. It is emollient and soothing 
in cases of irritable skin disease. G. capsule. 


000 I 2345 



Gelatin Capsules. —The figures show the exact sizes of 
the commonly accepted two-piece standard. 


a capsule composed of gelatin. G. cultures, 
bacterial cultures made with gelatin as a 
medium. G. dibromotannate = BROMocoLL. G. 
disk, a thin disk of medicated gelatin for intro¬ 
duction in the eye. G. injection, an anatomical 
injection in which gelatin is the material in¬ 
jected. G. peptone, a peptone-like substance pro¬ 
duced by digesting gelatin. Gelatin peptone will 
not gelatinize. G. sugar = glycocoll. G. of 
Wharton, the jelly-like mucous tissue of the um¬ 
bilical cord. [< L. gelati'na, fr. gela're to con¬ 
geal, to harden.] tgel'^-ti-nif'e-rous, gel'a-ti- 
nig'e-nous, yielding or producing gelatin, as G. 
tissue, animal tissue which yields gelatin on boil- 
ing. gel-a-tin'i-form, resembling gelatin: applied 
to certain types of cancer, and to degeneration, 
probably tuberculous, of the synovial membranes; 
also to a fibre, gel'a-ti-nize, to turn into jelly, 
gel'a-ti-nized, as G. chloroform, chloroform shaken 
with white of egg until it gelatinizes, gel'a-ti- 
noid. I. Resembling gelatin. 2. One of a class 
of insoluble substances including chondrin, elas- 
tin, gelatin, keratin, etc. 

gel-a-ti-no'sa. A mass of modified neuroglia near 
the apex of the posterior horn of the spinal cord; 
substantia gelatinosa [ Rolandi ] *. 

ge-lat'i-nous. Like gelatin or resembling jelly; 
composed of gelatin. G. arthritis, chronic in¬ 
flammation, usually tuberculous, of a joint; 
white swelling; tumor albus. G. layer = stra¬ 
tum GELATiNosuM. G. polypus, a myxoma. G. 
tissues, tissues which yield to boiling water a 
substance which, on cooling, forms gelatin. They 
comprise chiefly the connective tissues, as ten¬ 
dons, ligaments, bones, cartilages, etc. 

ge-lat'i-num*. Gelatin, the purified air-dried prod¬ 
uct of hydrolysis of certain animal tissues, as 
skin, ligaments, and bones, by treatment with 
boiling water. G. glycerina'tum*, glycerinated 
gelatin, a half-and-half mass of gelatin and 
glycerin. 

gel'a-tol. A basis for ointments, composed of oil, 
gelatin, glycerin, and water. 

gel'a-tose. A product of the action of gastric juice 
upon gelatin, G. silver = albargin. 

Gell6’s binaural reflex or test (zh^-lez). If the tym¬ 
panic membrane of one ear is rendered less mobile 

























GELODIAGNOSIS 


377 


GENEVA 


by pressure or suction, the sound of a tuning*fork 
will be reduced in loudness if the conduction* 
apparatus be normal. 

gel'o-di-ag-no'sis. A method for differentiating 
between colon and typhoid bacilli made by add¬ 
ing lactose to cultures upon gelose to which car¬ 
bolic acid has been added. The colon bacillus 
causes fermentation of the lactose while the 
typhoid bacillus does not. 
ge'lose. A gelatinslike chemical principle, CgHjoOj, 
obtained from various sorts of agarsagar; also a 
nutritive jelly prepared from agarsagar or from 
similar plants. 

gel'o-sin. A mucilaginous substance identical, or 
nearly so, with gelose. 

gel-o-ther'a-py, gel-o-to-ther'a-py. Treatment of 
disease by the induction of laughter. [< ytlag 
to laugh + THERAPY.] 

Gelse'mium*. i. A genus of loganiaceous plants. 
2. The U. S. P. name for the dried rhizome and 
roots of G. sempervi'rens, or yellow jessamine, an 
evergreen woody climber of the Southern United 
States. It is a valuable nervous and arterial 
sedative, but is highly poisonous. It has been 
prescribed in intermittent, remittent, typhoid, 
and yellow fevers, dysentery, rheumatism, etc. 
Dose, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.). ^ Fluidextractum 

GELSEMii*; TiNCTURA GELSEMii*. Gelsemium 
yields gel-sem'ic acid, a colorless crystalline sub¬ 
stance, CjgHjgOg, resembling esculin; gel'se-min, 
a precipitate from the tinctiire, given in doses of 
from 0.032 to 0.13 Gm. to 2 grs.); gel'se-mine 
or gel-se'mia, an exceedingly poisonous alkaloid, 
G22^38N^2G4. given, as an antispasmodic and anti- 
neuralgic, in doses of from 0.0005 to 0.002 Gm. 
(tjo sV S’*-) ’ gel-sem'i-nine, a dark* 

brown resinous alkaloid. poisoning 

with gelsemium. 

G61y’s suture (zhe-liz). A continuous suture for 
intestinal wounds, made by a thread with a 
needle at each end, and consisting of a series of 
crosssstitches closing the wound, 
ge-mel'la-ry pregnancy. Twin pregnancy, 
ge-mel'lus. i. Either of two muscles, G. supe'rior 
and G. infe'rior, associated as additional heads 
with the obturator intemus as external rotator 
of the thigh. 2. The gastrocnemius extemus 
muscle, because it has a double origin. [ L., dim. 
of gem'inus double.] 
gem'i-na. The corpora quadrigemina. 
gem'i-nate. Twin; in pairs; united in pairs, 
gemd-ni-for'mis. = Gemellus inferior. [L.] 
gemd-ni-po'lar. Having two similar poles or proc¬ 
esses side by side: said of certain nervescells. 
gem'i-nous teeth. Two teeth of the same sort 
growing where there should be but one, due to 
the development of a double dental germ in a 
single dental sac. 

gem'i-tus. A groaning, as of an insane or melan¬ 
choly person. [ L.] 

gem-ma'tion, gem-mu-la'tion. Budding; reproduc¬ 
tion by buds, i.e., by the separation of a small 
portion of the parent nucleus and protoplasm 
to form a new individual. [< L. gemma're to 
bud.] multiplying by the proc¬ 

ess of gemmation. 

gem'mule. A bud given off in gemmation. 

-gen, -genic, -genesis. Suffixes denoting producing, 
secreting, or consisting of, as pyogenic. 
ge'na, pi. ge'ncB. The cheek, or cheeks, forming the 
lateral walls of the mouth. They are composed 
chiefly of muscular tissue, lined internally with 


a mucous membrane and covered externally with 
the integument and the subcutaneous areolosadi- 
pose tissue. [<i yevvg cheeksbone.] re 

lating to the cheek or cheeks, as G. glands = 
BUCCAL glands: and G. line, one of Jadelot’s 
lines, running from the cheeksbone to the nasal 
line, and said to indicate abdominal disease. ^ 
Buccal line. 

gen-e-an'thro-py. = Anthropogeny. 
g4n6pi (zhe-ne-pi). i. A kind of liqueur, or sweet 
absinthe, prepared in the French Alps from 
Artemis'ia mutelli'na or A. glacia'lis. 2. A li¬ 
queur prepared in the Swiss Alps from Achille'a 
moscha'ta; esprit d'iva. [<¥. g^nipii] . 
gen'e-ra. The plural of genus. [ L.] 
gen'e-ral. Relating to a whole genus, order, or 
class; opposed to partial or special; common, but 
not universal; not restricted or limited to any¬ 
thing in particular. G. anaemia, anemia. G. 
anaesthesia, an anaesthesia of the whole body, 
attended by loss of consciousness. G. anatomy, 
ANATOMY. G. atrophy, atrophy affecting the 
whole body, due to some general interference 
with nutrition. G. circulation, the systemic cir¬ 
culation. G. galvanization, ^galvanization. 
G. paralysis, general paresis; a progressive cere¬ 
bral paralysis, characterized by impairment of 
the various motor functions, and by more or less 
disturbance of the functions of the afferent nerves. 
There may be, for a time, exaltation of the psy¬ 
chical experiences (delirium of grandeur), but the 
paretic dementia ultimately shows itself. It is 
popularly known as softening of the brain. G. 
pathology, the pathology of disease in general, 
and of the changed conditions in the various 
organs. G. peritonitis, t®* peritonitis. G. physi¬ 
ology, PHYSIOLOGY. G. practitioner, a physi¬ 
cian who is not a specialist. G. sedative, one which 
affects all the organs and functions, as opium, 
warm baths, etc. G. stimulant, stimulant. G. 
symptom = CONSTITUTIONAL SYMPTOM. G. tubcr- 
culosis, acute miliary tuberculosis. G. tonic, i®- 
TONic. [<L. genera'lis, fr. ge'nus kind.] fg®’’'" 
er-al-ize, to make general; to convert a local 
into a general disease. • 

gen-e-ra'tion. The act of reproducing; reproduc¬ 
tion ; production of a new being more or less 
similar to that from which it derives its origin. 
^ Abiogenesis ; altbrnation of generation. 
[< L. genera're to beget.] tg®’’^®"r^~t’’’g» as G. 
plate, that plate or element of a galvanicsbattery 
cell which is affected by chemical action and so 
may be said to generate electricity. It is usually 
a plate of zinc. gen'e-ra-tive, having reference 
to generation. 

ge-ner'ic. Pertaining or relating to a genus. The 
generic name is the proper name of the genus, 
always written with a capital; and the generic 
character is that which distingfuishes one genus 
from another. [< L. ge'nus.'] 
gen'e-sis. Birth; origin; generation. [c^yiveoLg 
generation.] tg®"’’®^si al, ge-ne'sic, belonging to 
generation or reproduction, as G. = repro¬ 
ductive SENSE, ge-ne-si-ol'o-gy, the science of 
generation, ge-net'ic. i. Belonging to the pro- 
creative function. 2. Inherited, ge-neffics, the 
science of heredity, gen'e-tous, as G. idiocy, 
idiocy dating from fetal life, 
ge-ne'va. Gin distilled from malt or rye and after¬ 
ward subjected to the same process with juniper* 
berries, Spiritus juniperi*; spiritus juni¬ 
per! COMPOSITUS*. [< F. genik)re.] 


GENEVRETTE 


378 


GENTIANA 


ge-ne-vrette. A liqueur made of fruit swine 
flavored with junipersberries. [F.] 

ge'ni al. Relating to the chin; mental. G. tuber¬ 
cles, four tubercles, two on either side of the 
middle line of the inner surface of the inferior 
maxilla, to which the geniohyoid and geniohyo- 
glossus muscles are attached. 

ge-nic'u-late. Bent abruptly, like a joint or like 
the knee. G. artery, a branch of the posterior 
cerebral artery to the geniculate convolution. G. 
bodies = CORPORA GENicuLATA. G. convolution, 
a convolution of the cerebrum running from the 
anterior extremity of the fornicate convolution 
over the upper surface of the corpus callosum, to 
become the median and lateral striae of Lancisi. 
G. ganglion, a ganglionslike enlargement of the 
facial nerve, near the hiatus of Fallopius; facial 
ganglion; intumescentia gangliformis. G. pro¬ 
cesses = corpora GENICULATA. G. tract, part 
of the pyramidal tract of the crusta extending 
up into the knee of the internal capsule. [ < L. 
geni'culuni.'\ 

ge-nic-u-la'tum. One of the corpora geniculata. 
[L.] 

ge-nic'u-lum. i. Either of the corpora geniculata. 
2. =GeNU NERVI FACIALIS. [L.] 

ge-ni'o-. Denoting attachment to or connection 
with the chin: a combining form. [<.y£VELOv 
chin.] ge-ni*o-hy-o-glos'sus, ge-ni-o-glos'sus, a 
muscle that connects the chin, the tongue, and 
the hyoid bone.— ge-ni-o-hy'oid, relating to the 
chin and the hyoid bone, as G. muscle, a muscle 
extending from the inferior genial tubercle of the 
lower jaw to the anterior part of the hyoid bone; 
geniohyoideus; musculus geniohyoideus*: and ( 7 . 
nerve, a branch of the hypoglossal nerve to the 
geniohyoid muscle.— ge-ni'on, a craniometrical 
point situated at the apex of the inferior genial 
tubercle of the lower jaw. — ge-ni'o-plas-ty, an 
operation for restoring the chin. 

Genis'ta. A genus of leguminous shrubs of Europe, 
Western Asia, etc. G. pur'gans, of Europe, has 
emetic and cathartic properties. G. scopa'ria, 
of France, has diuretic and purgative seeds and 
flowering tops. G. tincto'ria, dyers’ broom, 
sometimes used in medicine, is emetic, diuretic, 
and purgative. 

gen'i-tal. i. Belonging to generation. 2. Relat¬ 
ing to the organs of generation. G. anaesthesia, 
lack of the usual sensations during coition. G. 
artery, the internal pudic artery. G. canal, the 
canal of the genital cord. G. centre = genito* 
SPINAL CENTRE. G. cleft, a depression on the ex¬ 
ternal genital region of the foetus which develops 
into the cloaca. G. cord, a cord in the embryo 
formed by the union of the two wolffian ducts 
and two miillerian ducts. G. corpuscles, end* 
buds of Krause and other forms of special nerve* 
endings occurring in the external genital organs; 
corpuscula nervorum genitalia''^. G. duct, the duct 
of Muller. G. eminence = G. tubercle. G. folds, 
two folds of skin surrounding the g. tubercle and 
developing into the prepuce and frasnum or labia 
minora. G. furrow or fissure, a groove on the 
lower surface of the g. tubercle which develops 
into the opening of the vagina or the spongy por¬ 
tion of the urethra. G. gland, i. The primitive 
sexual gland of the embryo, which develops into 
the testicle in the male and the ovary in the fe¬ 
male. 2. An ovary or a testicle. G. nerve, the 
genital branch of the genitocrural nerve; external 
spermatic nerve. G. precocity = prceotia G. 


prominence = G. TUBERCLE. G. ridge, i. A ridge 
in the embryo in front of and internal to the 
wolffian body, from which are formed the internal 
genital organs. 2. One of a pair of folds in the 
embryo which develop into the scrotum or the labia 
majora. G. sedative, an anaphrodisiac like the 
bromides, hops, etc. G. sinus, the cleft of the 
vulva. G. stimulant, an aphrodisiac. G. tubercle, 
an eminence in the foetus which is the first appear¬ 
ance of the external genitals. It forms about the 
sixth week. [< L. gig'nere to beget.] 

gen'i-tals, gen-i-ta'li a. i. The organs or parts con¬ 
tributing to generation in the male or female. 
2. The external organs of generation. [< L. 
genita'Ua, neuter pi. of gentta'lis.] fgen'i-tal-ist, 
a specialist in diseases of the genital organs. 

gen'i-to-. Denoting connection with the genital or¬ 
gans: a combining form. [<C h. genita'Ua.] gen*- 
i-to-cru'ral nerve, a nerve proceeding from the 
lumbar plexus, and dividing into an internal or 
genital branch, which accompanies the spermatic 
cord, and an external or crural, which is distrib¬ 
uted to the skin below Poupart’s ligament; ner- 
vus genitofemoralis*. — gen‘i-to=en-ter'ic fold, a fold 
of peritoneum transmitting the spermatic or ova¬ 
rian artery in the embryo.— genu-to-spi'nal centre, 
a centre in the lower lumbar region of the cord 
said to control erection, ejaculation, and partu¬ 
rition ; erection*centre; Budge’s cefitre.— gen*i-tos 
u'ri-na-ry. relating to the genital and urinary or¬ 
gans, as G. = UROGENITAL SINUS: and G. 

tract, the canals lined with mucous membrane 
which are found in the genitosurinary system. 

ge'nius epidem'icus. The predominant (as inflam¬ 
matory, catarrhal, malignant, etc.) characteristic 
of an epidemic. 

Gen-na'ri’s lines. = Baillarger’s lines. 

gen'o-blast. i. A sexual element, either male or 
female; a spermatozoon; an ovum. 2. The nu¬ 
cleus of an impregnated ovum; 
a maritonucleus. [ < ykvo^ sex + 
j 3 ?.aar 6 g germ.] 

gen'o-plas-ty. =Genyplasty. 

gen'tian. =Gentiana*. G. spirit, 
an alcoholic liqueur prepared in 
Switzerland from gentian root. 

G. violet, a basic violet coal*tar 
stain, tgen'tian-o-phile, having 
an affinity for gentian violet, gen- 
tian-oph'o-bous, having no affinity 
for gentian violet. 

Gentia'na*. i. A genus of plants of 

the order Gentiana'cece. 2. The Gentian. 

U. S. P. name for the dried rhi¬ 
zome and roots of Gentia'na lu'tea. Gentian 
is an excellent bitter tonic, and is particularly 
adapted to cases of simple debility of the diges¬ 
tive organs, especially the stomach. Dose, i Gm, 
(15 grs.). i^Extractum gentian.®*; fluidex- 

TRACTUM GENTIAN.®*; TINCTURA GENTIAN® COM- 
POSiTA*. G. crini'ta, fringed gentian, an herba¬ 
ceous plant of the United States and Canada. Its 
root is a tonic medicine. G. cruci^i'ta, a plant of 
Europe which possesses bitter and tonic properties 
and has been used in medicine. G. pannon^ica, a 
plant, a native of Austria, which has been used as a 
tonic. The roots of G. puncta'ta and G. purpu'rea, 
of Europe, are said to be often mixed with the offi¬ 
cial gentian. From various species of Gentia'na are 
obtained gen'tian-in, gen'tian-ic acid, or gen'ti-sin, 
a yellow crystalline substance, CJ4HJ0O5; gen'tian- 
ose, a sugar, CigHgeOai; gen-ti-og'e-nin, a yellow 




GENU 


379 


GERM 


bitter substance which, with grape-sugar, results 
from the action of dilute acids on gentiopicrin; 
gen-ti-o-pic'rin, a bitter crystalline principle, 
C2 oH^oOi 2. from gentian root; and gen-ti-se'in, a 
straw-colored crystalline compound, CjjHgOg, ob¬ 
tained by boiling gentianin with hydriodic acid, 
ge'nu*, pi. gen'ua. The knee; the articulation of 
the leg with the thigh. G. cor'poris callo'si*, the 
knee or reflected portion of the corpus callosum. 
G. extror'sum = G. varum. G. intror'sum = G. 
VALGUM. G. ner'vi faciaflis, G. faciaflis, the 
bent portion of the root of the facial nerve which 
embraces the abducens nucleus and causes the 
eminentia facialis in the floor of the fourth 
ventricle; geniculum; geniculum nervi facialis*. 
G. recurva'tum, backward curvature of the leg at 
the knee-joint; back-knee. G. val'gum, the de¬ 
formity vulgarly called knockfknee] inward bend¬ 
ing of the legs at the knees; in-knee. G. va'rum, 
bow-leg; the outward bending of the legs at the 
knees; out-knee; scelocambosis. [L.] tgcn'u al. 
gen'u-clast. An instrument for breaking up adhe¬ 
sions in the knee-joint. 

gen-u-cu'bi-tal posture. A surgical posture in which 
the patient rests on the elbows and knees, 
gen-u-flex'ion. The bent position of the knees, 
gen-u-pec'to-ral. Relating to the knees and chest 
G. position, that posture in which the patient 
rests on the knees with thighs upright, the head 
and the upper part of the chest being on the table 
or bed; knee-chest position, 
ge'nus, pi. gen'era. A group of nearly-related spe¬ 
cies; a group or assemblage of species subordinate 
to a class or order. Species are grouped into gen¬ 
era ; genera into tribes; tribes into families; fami¬ 
lies into orders; orders into classes; and classes 
into divisions. When additional categories are 
necessary, the prefix sub- is used, as subspecies, 
subgenus, subfamily, or such other words as 
group, section, series, and branch. [L., fr. yevog 
family, race.] 

gen'y-. Relating to the jaw or cheek: a combining 
form. [ < yevvg jaw.] gen-y-an'trum = maxil¬ 
lary SINUS. — gen’y-an-tral'gi a, pain in the max¬ 
illary sinus. — gen*y-an-tri'tis, inflammation of 
the maxillary sinus. — gen-y-chei'lo-plas-ty, plas¬ 
tic surgery of the cheek and lip. — gen'y-plas-ty, 
surgical correction of a deformity of the cheek, 
or the restoration or amendment of a defect in it. 
Geoffrae'a, Geoffroy'a. A genus of leguminous plants. 
G. vermif'uga, a tree of South America. Its fruit 
is reputed to be vermifuge. tg®“Of-froy'ine, an 
alkaloid from certain species of Geoffroy'a, iden¬ 
tical with rhatanine. 
ge'o-form. = Methylenediguaiacol. 
ge-o-graph'ic pathology. Pathology in relation to 
conditions of geography and climate, 
ge-o-graph'i-cal tongue. The exfoliation of patches 
of the mucous membrane of the tongue, leaving 
denuded places which are surrounded by thick¬ 
ened epithelium; mapped tongue; wandering rash 
of the tongue. The patches may shift from place 
to place, and often disappear suddenly. It is 
common among children, 
ge-o-pha'gi a, ge-oph'a-gy, ge-oph'a-gism. = 
Chthonophagia. [< 77 earth + <f>ayelv to eat.] 
tge-oph'a-gist. 

Georget’s stupidity (zhor-zhez). Simple confusion 
of mind without hallucinations or delusions. 
Geor'gia bark. The bark of Pinck'neya pu'bens, an 
American plant, used as a substitute for cinchona, 
ge'o-sote. = Guaiacol valerate. 


ge-ra'nic acid. A compound, CjoK^^Og, formed by 
oxidizing citral with silver oxide. 

Gera'nium*. i. A genus of geraniaceous plants, 
cranesbill. 2. The U. S. P. name for the dried rhi¬ 
zome of G. tnacula'funt, a 
native of the United States. 

It is astringent, and is 
useful in diarrhoea, chronic 
dysentery, and cholera in¬ 
fantum. Dose, I Gm. (15 
grs.). Fluidextractum 
geranii*. tge-ra'ni-in, a 
dried precipitate from the 
tincture of geranium. 

Dose, 0.2 to 0.5 Gm. (3 
to 8 grs.). ge-ra'ni-ol, a 
colorless fragrant liquid, 

CjqHj-OH’, the chief con¬ 
stituent of geranium oils, 
and occurring in the oils 
of rose, citronella, eucalyp¬ 
tus, and lavender flowers. 

ger-a-tol'o-gy. The science of old age, or of the 
stage of decay or decline of life. [< yvpag old 
age -j-Abyog treatise.] 

Gerdy’s fibres (zh^r'diz). The superficial ligament 
connecting transversely the clefts of the fingers 
on the palmar surface. G.’s ligament, the sus¬ 
pensory ligament of the axilla. G.’s knot, a knot 
similar to the clove-hitch for making extension 
of the leg at the ankle. G.’s operation, invagi¬ 
nation of the scrotum into the inguinal canal for 
the radical cure of hernia. G.’s tubercle, a tuber¬ 
cle situated anterior and external to the tubercle 
of the tibia to which it is joined by a ridge. The 
tibialis anticus muscle is attached to it. 

Ger'hardt’s change of sound. The tympanitic sound 
over partly-filled cavities is of a higher pitch 
when the patient is lying down than when sitting 
up. G.’s disease = ERYTHROMELALGIA. G.’s sign, 
change of percussion-note in accordance with 
movements of the patient, a sign of tuberculosis 
or pneumothorax. G.’s test. r. A test for ace¬ 
tone in the urine, made by adding a solution of 
ferric chloride, when a red color will be pro¬ 
duced. It is unreliable. 2. A test for diacetic 
acid in the urine, made by adding a few drops 
of a solution of ferric chloride, filtering to remove 
the precipitated phosphates, and then adding 
more ferric chloride, when a deep-red color will 
be produced, disappearing on the addition of sul¬ 
phuric acid. 3. A test for bile-pigments, made by 
shaking with an equal part of chloroform, allow¬ 
ing to settle, and then adding tincture of iodine 
and solution of potassium hydrate, when a brown¬ 
ish color with green fluorescence will be produced. 

ger-i-at'rics. Study of old age. 

Ger'lach’s nervesnetwork or plexus. A dense net¬ 
work of fine fibrils composing the nerve-fibres of 
the gray substance of the posterior horn of the 
cord. G.’s tubal tonsil, a granular condition of 
the orifices of the eustachian tubes seen in chronic 
inflammation of that region and caused by swell¬ 
ing of the tubal muciparous glands. G.’s valve, 
the valve-like fold of mucous membrane at the 
mouth of the vermiform appendix. 

Gerlier’s disease (zh^r-li-ez). A disease of farm* 
laborers, in French Switzerland, marked by pains 
in the neck and occiput, muscular paresis, ptosis, 
and vertigo, more or less paroxysmal in character. 

germ. i. The first principle of anything that has 
life, whether animal or vegetable. 2. A microbe 



Geranium. 



GERMAN CHAMOMILE 


380 


GIANT 


or pathogenic cell. G. area, the area geminativa. 
G. band, one of the cellular bands in the embryo 
which unite to form the primitive streak. G. blad¬ 
der, a gastrula. G.scell, a cell which develops into 
an organism; especially, a cell which develops 
into a spermatozoon or an ovum. G.scup, a gas¬ 
trula. G.sdisease, a disease produced by microbes. 
G.sdisk= GERMINAL AREA. G.sepithelium, G.= 
RIDGE. G.sfonn, the form of a germ at any period 
of its development. G.sgland, a gland that pro¬ 
duces germs, e. g., a. testicle or an ovary. G.shill 

= DISCUS PROLIGERUS. G.slaycrS = GERMINAL 
LAYERS. G.splasma or splasm, the protoplasm of 
the germs considered as the vehicle of transmitted 
qualities. G.sreticulum, the reticulum between 
the layers of the seminal cells. G.sridge, the ridge 
of epithelium {G. epithelium) on the wolffian body 
of the embryo. From it develop spermatozoa or 
ova. G.ssac, the blastodermic vesicle. G. seg¬ 
mentation, the segmentation of the impregnated 
ovum. G. theory, i. The theory that all living 
beings are formed by the development of organ¬ 
ized living matter: opposed to spontaneous genera¬ 
tion. 2. The theory which attributes many dis¬ 
eases to minute microscopic fungi, or bacteria, 
or unicellular bodies that are developed without 
or within the body, and unhealthy tissues which 
on reproducing within the animal economy give 
rise to communicable diseases of a specific nature. 
G.svesicle, a germ in a vesicular state; the blasto¬ 
dermic vesicle. [< L. ger'men an offshoot.] 
Ger'man chamomile, Matricaria*. G. measles 
= RUBELLA. G. rhinoplasty, rhinoplasty. 
G. silver, a white malleable alloy of copper, zinc, 
and nickel. G. tinder, a name for amadou. 
ger-man'der. = Teucrium. 

ger-ma'nium. A rare, white, brittle, metallic ele¬ 
ment, discovered in silver ore at Freiburg; at. wt., 
71.9; sp. gr., 5.47; symbol, Ge. 
ger'men. The ovarium of plants. (Linnaeus.) 
ger'mi-cide. A substance which has the power of 
destroying micro-organisms, thus preventing 
their growth in appropriate culture media. One 
may speak of a non-germicidal antiseptic. 
^Disinfectant. [< Germ -l- h. cce'dere to'kill.] 
tger-mi-ci'dal. ger'mi-cul-ture, the culture of 
bacteria, ger'mi-fuge, having the power of ex¬ 
pelling or driving away germs, as certain remedies, 
ger'mi-nal. Relating to a germ or to germination. 
G. area, the disk or area of the blastodermic mem¬ 
brane of the fecundated ovum, in which the first 
traces of the ‘embryo appear; the area germina- 
tiva. G. cell = GERM-CELL. G. disk = G. area. 
G. epithelium of Waldeyer = Waldeyer’s ger¬ 
minal EPITHELIUM. G. infection, infection of the 
embryo by an infectious agent conveyed either 
by the ovum or the semen. G. layers, the 
three layers of the blastoderm. G. macula, the 
germinal spot. G. membrane = blastoderm. G. 
nucleus, the nucleus which results from the union 
of the male and female pronuclei. G. pole, the 
pole of the impregnated ovum marking the ger¬ 
minal area in which the embryo is formed, in 
contrast to the ’ vegetative or nutritive pole. 
G. spot, e^G. vesicle; G. area. G. streak = 

PRIMITIVE STREAK. G. SUbstance = GERM-PLAS¬ 
MA. G. tissue, tissue that develops into sper¬ 
matozoa or ova. G. vesicle, the clear spherical 
nucleus of the ovum; purkinjean vesicle; vesicula 
prolifera. It encloses a highly refractive nucle¬ 
olus, the germinal spot. G. vitellus = vitellus 
FORMATIVUS. 


ger-mi-na'tion. The act of sprouting; the devel¬ 
opment of an embryo or plantlet. [ < L. germi- 
na're to bud.] fger'mi-na-ting, as G. cells, divid¬ 
ing cells; cells developed from the epithelium of 
the medullary tube, which give rise to the neu¬ 
roblasts. ger'mi-na-tive, as G. = germinal 
area: and G. stratum = 'R'E'T'e. mucosum. 

ger'mo-gen. A multinucleated mass of protoplasm 
giving rise to ova. 

ger'o-, ge-ron'to-. Denoting old age: a combining 
form. [< yvpciQ old age, yepuv an old man.] ger- 
o-der'mi a, dystrophy of the skin producing the 
appearance of old age.— ge-roc'o-my, ger-o-co'- 
mi a, that department of hygiene which treats of 
the regimen and medical attention proper for old 
SLgei — ger-o-ma-ras'mus, the emaciation which 
sometimes occurs in old age.— ger-o-mor'phism, 
ger-on-to-mor'phi a, the appearance of old age 
in a young person. — ge-ron'tine, a toxic leuco- 
maine, C^Hj^No, from the nuclei of the hepatic cells 
of old dogs.— ger-on-tox'on = ARCUS senilis. 

Ge-ro'ta’s method. A method of injecting the lym¬ 
phatic system with some color like Prussian blue 
which is insoluble in water but soluble in chloro¬ 
form or ether and which later on becomes solidified 
within the vessel-walls. 

Ger-su'ny’s method. The subcutaneous injection of 
melted paraffin as a prosthetic or remedial meas¬ 
ure: used especially on the nose, in which region 
its use has caused blindness from embolism. 
Recently, it has also been employed in closing 
hernial openings. G.’s sign or symptom, the 
sensation as if the mucosa of the bowel adhered 
to the fecal mass when pressure is made with 
the tips of the fingers in cases of coprostasis; 
Cling’s sign. 

ges-ta'tion. The condition of a pregnant female 
carrying the product of conception from fecun¬ 
dation to delivery; pregnancy; gravidity. [< L. 
gesta're to carry about, fr. ge'rere to carry.] 

ges-tic-u-la'tion. The act of making gestures: symp¬ 
tomatic of certain diseases. 

Ges'velst’s network. A reticular structure seen at 
times on the myelin-sheath: it may be artificial. 

Get'tys-burg salt. A saline 
compound from a lithic 
spring at Gettysburg, Pa. 

Ge'um riva'le. The water 
(or purple) avens, a rosa¬ 
ceous plant. Its root is 
tonic and powerfully as¬ 
tringent, and may be 
used with advantage in 
diarrhoea, chronic or pas¬ 
sive hemorrhages, and 
leucorrhoea. 

ghat'ti gum. A gum said to 
be obtained from An- 
ogeis'sus latijo'lia, a com- 
bretaceous tree of India: 
used as a substitute for 
gum arabic. 

ghost corpuscle. = Phan¬ 
tom CORPUSCLE. 

gi'ant. A person much 
above the average size. 

Dwarf. G.scell. i. A 
large multinucleated cell: 
seen especially in tuber¬ 
culosis where the cell often contains many ba¬ 
cilli, in leprosy and in certain forms of sarcoma. 
2. Myeloplax. G.scelled sarcoma, a sarcoma 



Giant-celled Sarco¬ 
ma. X 300. 


GIANTISM 


381 


GLABELLA 


containing irregular and multinucleated cells, 
called giantscells, or myeloplaxes. G. colon = 
MEGACOLON. G. pelvis, a pelvis enlarged equally in 
all diameters. G. pyramids = Betz’s cells. G. 
swelling = ANGIONEUROTIC CEDEMA. G. urticaxia 
= URTICARIA CEDEMATOSA. 

gi'an-tism. = Gigantism. 

Gianuzzi’s crescents or cells (ja-nwd'ziz). Cres¬ 
centic groups of granular cells situated next the 
basement membrane in the acini of mucous glands; 
demilunes of Heidenhain. 
gib'ber-ish aphasia, Aphasia. 

Gib'bon’s hydrocele. Hydrocele with hernia, 
gib-bos'i-ty. The state of being irregularly swelled 
or bunched; crookedness. [< L. gib'bus crooked.] 
gib'bous, gib'bose. Convex; more tumid on one 
side than on the other. 

Gibert’s pityriasis (zhi-b^rz). = Pityriasis rubra. 
Gi-bral'tar fever. = Malta fever. 

Gib'son’s bandage. A bandage for the body of the 
lower jaw, to support the parts in fracture, 
gid. = CcENURUs CEREBRALis. tgi^'dy. 
gid'di-ness. = Vertigo. 

Giem'sa’s stain. A mixture of azure II eosin, 3 Gm.; 
azure III, 0.8 Gm.; glycerin, 250 Cc.; and methyl 
alcohol, 250 Cc.: used for staining spirochaetes in 
1: 20 solution in faintly alkaline water for several 
hours, or undiluted for about i hour, after 10 
min. fixation in absolute alcohol. 

Giesen stain. = van Giesen stain. 

Gif'ford’s sign. Inability or great difficulty to evert 
the upper lid on account of retraction and rigidity 
of the lid in Graves’s disease. 

Gigantorhyn'chus gi'gas. A common parasite of the 
intestine of the hog, where it attains great size. 
The larvae develop in cockchafer grubs and the 
intermediate host in America is the June bug. 
^ Echinorhynchus. [TI O . ’06.] 
gi-gan'tism. Abnormally large size; extreme hy¬ 
pertrophy. [< y/yaf giant.] 
gi-gan'to-blast. An unusually large, nucleated red 
blood*corpuscle: seen in pernicious anaemia, 
gi-gan-to-cel'lu-lar. Marked by the presence of 
giant scells. 

gi-gan'to-cyte. A very large, nonsnucleated red 
bloodscorpuscle. 

gi-gan-to-so'ma. = Gigantism. 
gig'ger. =PuLEX penetrans. 

Gi'gli’s operation. Lateral section for dilating the 
bony canal of the pelvis. G.’s wiressaw, a wire 
having saw*teeth: used in cranial operations. 
Gil'christ’s disease. Blastomycetic dermatitis. 
Gil'ford’s disease. i^Ateliosis; progeria. 
gill. One*fourth of a pint; four fluidounces. 
gill'sclefts. Visceral clefts. 

Gille'nia. A genus of perennial rosaceous plants. 
The root of G. trifoUa'ta and of G. stipula'cea is a 
mild and efficient emetic. It is called Bowman’s 
root, Indian physic. North American ipecac, etc. 
Dose of powdered root, 1.3 to 2 Gm. (20 to 30 
grs.). It yields gil-le'in, a white, crystalline 
glucoside, and gilTe-nin, a bitter principle. 

Gilles de la Tourette’s disease. =Tourette’s dis¬ 
ease. 

gil'vor. The earthy yellow color occurring in many 
cachexias and dyscrasias. [< L. gil'vus yellow.] 
GimbernaPs ligament (jfm'ber-ndts). The reflected 
portion of Poupart’s ligament attached along the 
iliopectineal line, and constituting a triangular 
process of the aponeurosis of the external oblique 
muscle with its base upon the sheath of the 
femoral vessels and one margin attached to the 


pectineal line and the other to Poupart’s liga¬ 
ment ; ligamenlum lacunare [Gimbernati]*. 
gin. A liquor distilled from malt or rye and after¬ 
ward with juniper ^berries. t^SPIRITUS JUNIPERl 
coMPOsiTus*. G.sdrinker’s liver, interstitial hep¬ 
atitis due to abuse of alcohol, Cirrhosis. 
gin-gel'ly. An Oriental name for Sesamum. 
gin'ger. = Zingiber*. ^Fluidextractum zingib- 
ERIS*; OLEORESINA ZINGIBERIS*; SYRUPUS ZIN- 
GiBERis*; TiNCTURA ZINGIBERIS*. fgin'ger-ine, 
a trade name for an oleoresin from ginger, gin'- 
ger-ol, a pungent, viscous oil from ginger, 
gin-gil'i oil. = Oleum sesame. 
gin-gi'va*. The gum; the highly vascular, fleshy 
substance covering the alveoli and necks of the 
teeth. [L.] tgin-gi'val, as 6^. = alveolar 

artery: G. line, a reddish line or streak on the 
edge of the gums, sometimes occurring in phthi¬ 
sis and other diseases, or in pregnancy: G. mar¬ 
gin, the free edge of the gums where they meet 
the teeth: and G. nucleus, a part of the fetal cere¬ 
bellum which, between the third and fourth 
months, somewhat resembles the gums, gin-gi- 
val'gia, pain in the gums, gin-gi-vi'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of the gums: either idiopathic, as in 
STOMACACE, or Symptomatic, as in scorbutus. 

Pyorrhoea alveolaris. 

ging'ko, gink'go. The Japanese name of Ging'ko 
bilo'ba, or Salisbu'ria adiantifo'lia, a coniferous 
tree, a native of Japan and China. Ging-ko'sic 
acid is obtained from its fruit, which also con¬ 
tains citric acid. It is astringent, and is said to 
restrain the secretion of urine, 
gin'gly-mus*. A species of diarthrosis; a hinge*like 
articulation, in which the bones move upon each 
other in two directions only, viz., forward and 
backward. Examples occur in the elbow, the 
wrist, the ankle, the lower jaw, etc. Lateral g., 
a pivot*joint, as the atlo^axoid articulation; rota¬ 
tory diarthrosis. [ < yiyy'kviJioq hinge.] fgffi’glY” 
mosar-thro'di al, as G. joint, a combination of the 
ginglymoid and the arthrodial form of articula¬ 
tion; a mixed joint, as that between the meta¬ 
carpal and phalangeal bones. gin'gly-moid, 
gin'gly-form, resembling a hinge; hingedike: ap¬ 
plied to certain joints of animals, 
gin'seng. The root of Ara'lia or Pa'naxquinquefo'- 
lium. Asiatic ginseng is the root of Pa'nax 
schin'seng. Ginseng is reputed to be tonic and 
stimulant, Panax. [Chinese.] 

Gio-van-ni'ni’s disease. A rare nodular disease of 
the hair: due to a fungus. 

Giraldes’s organ (zhi-ral-d^s'fz). A small rounded 
body among the spermatic blood-vessels, between 
the globus minor of the epididymis and the defer¬ 
ent canal; corpus innominatum; paradidymis*. 
gir'dle. A band or belt designed to go around the 
body; anything resembling it. Pectoral 
arch; pelvic girdle. G.sanaesthesia, a ring of 
anaesthesia encircling the body. G.spain, a pain¬ 
ful girdle-sensation. G.ssensation, sensation as of 
a girdle constricting the body or some part of it. 

ZON^STHESIA. 

Giuf-fri-dasRu-gi-e'ra’s stigma. Absence or imper¬ 
fection of the glenoid fossa, 
giz'zard. The strong muscular stomach of birds. 
^ Ingluvin. 

Gl. I. The symbol for glucinum. 2. Abbreviation 
for glyceryl. 

gla-bel'la*, gla-bel'lum. i. The small space between 
the eyebrows and immediately above a line from 
one to the other; intercilium. 2. A craniometri- 


GLABELLO- 


382 


GLANDULAR 


cal point, being the midspoint of the glabella, 
def. I. [L., dim. of gla'bra, fern, of gla'ber 
smooth. ] tgla-bel'lad, in the direction of the 
glabella. gla-bel'lar, as G. aspect, the aspect 
looking toward the glabella: and G. length, the 
anteroposterior diameter of the cranium, 
gla-bel'lo-. Relating to the glabella: a combining 
form. [< Glabella.] gla-bel'losin'ial line, the line 
joining the glabella and the inion. — gla-bel'lo- 
lamb-doi'de an plane, a plane passing through the 
glabella and the lambda perpendicularly to the me¬ 
dian plane: Hamy’s plane. — gla-bel*io=o-be'li ac 
dianieter,the diameter between the glabella and the 
obelion.— gla-bel’losoc-cip'i-tal plane, a plane pass¬ 
ed vertically through the glabella and the occiput, 
gla-brif'i-cin. = Antibody. 

gla'brous. Without hair or pubescence; smooth. 

[< L. gla'ber; cf. yla(l>vp 6 g smooth.] 
gla'ci al. Pertaining to ice; like ice; icy. The term 
is often applied to acids existing in a crystalline 
form like ice. G. acetic acid, acetic acid, gla¬ 
cial. G. phosphoric acid = ACiDUM metaphos- 
PHORicuM DiLUTUM. [ < L. gla'ctes ice.] 
gla-ci-a'lin. A trade name in England for boroglyc- 


eride. 

gla-di'o-lus. The body of the sternum, being the 
part between the presternum and the ensiform 
process; mesosternum; corpus sterni*. [L., dim. 
of gla'dius sword.] 

Gladi'olus. A genus of iridaceous plants. The root of 
G. commu'nis is said to be nutritive and aphrodisiac. 
glaire, glair, i. The white of an egg. 2. A color¬ 
less or whitish mucus, like the white of an egg, 
secreted by mucous membranes affected with 
catarrh, tglair'y. 

glair'in. A peculiar vegetable substance, somewhat 
resembling albumen, produced at the sulphu¬ 
rous spring of Aix, in Savoy: believed to be iden¬ 
tical with BAREGIN. 

gla'ma. i. The gummy material which sometimes 
collects in the inner canthus of the eye. 2. =LiP- 
PITUDO. [L.] 

glance. A name given to certain minerals which 
have a metallic or pseudo*metallic lustre, as G. coal. 
gland. I. An organ consisting of blood*vessels, ab¬ 
sorbents, and nerves, for secreting or separating 
some particular fluid from the blood. 2. One of 
the DUCTLESS glands; also, one of the circum¬ 
scribed masses of lymphatic tissue situated in va¬ 
rious parts of the body, as in the axilla and groin. 
For specially named glands see the adjectives and 
proper names. G.scoil, the greatly convoluted or 
secreting portion of a sweat-gland. G.spulp = 
LYMPHOID TISSUE. [< L. glans acorn.] 
glan'ders. A contagious disease of horses, asses, and 
other animals, especially affecting the mucous 
membrane of the nose, 
and communicable to man; 

Rotzkrankheit (Ger.); morve 
(F.). It is due to the BaciV- 
lus mal'lei and marked 
by febrile symptoms and 
a strong tendency to the 
formation of small tumors 
which are apt to degen¬ 
erate into ulcers, exuding a 
peculiar sticky discharge. 

Glanders of the skin is 
known as farcy, Mallein. fglan'der-ous. 
glan'di-fonn. Formed or shaped like a gland; 
adeniform; adenoid: applied to tissues and other 
anatomical organs, 


I 


'"A. ^ '/'-S 


N 

r 




I', 


-y 

,%-i V' 

Bacillus mallei. 




glan-di-lem'ma. The external envelope of a gland. 
[< Gland + 'keppa sheath.] 

glan'du-la*, pi. -Ice. A little gland ; a glandule ; a 
gland. Glan'dulae aggrega'tae or congrega'tae = 
Peyer’s glands. G. angula'ris = submaxillary 
GLAND. G. antiprosta'tica == ANTIPROSTATE, def. 
I. Glan'dulae areola'res [Montgome'rii]* = Mont¬ 
gomery’s GLANDS. Glan'dulae bucca'les*, numer¬ 
ous small glands embedded in the submucous 
tissue of the cheek. Glan'dulae bulbourethra'les 
[Cow'peri]* = CowPER’s glands. Glan'dulae ce- 
rumino'sae* = CERUMINOUS glands. Glan'dulae 
cilia'res [Mol'li]* = Moll’s glands. G. col'li = 
TONSIL. G. congrega'ta monro'i, the palpebral por¬ 
tion of the lachrymal gland. Glan'dulae duodena'- 
les [Brun'neri]* = Brunner’s glands. Glan'¬ 
dulae enter'icae = Lieberkuhn’s crypts. Glan'¬ 
dulae glomifor'mes = SUDORIPAROUS glands. G. 
har'deri = HARDERIAN gland. G. innomina'ta 
gale'ni, the orbital portion of the lachrymal gland. 
Glan'dulae intestina'les [Lieberkuehn'i]* = Lieb¬ 
erkuhn’s CRYPTS. Glan'dulae labia'les*, the la¬ 
bial glands; glands embedded in the submucous 
layer of the mucous membrane of the inner sur¬ 
face of the lips, producing an uneven condition 
that may be felt by the tip of the tongue. G. 
lingua'lis ante'rior [Bland'ini, Nuh'ni]* = Nuhn’s 
GLAND. G. lactif'era = MAMMARY GLAND. Glan'¬ 
dulae meibomia'naB= MEIBOMIAN glands. Glan'¬ 
dulae muco'sae [Krau'sei]*= Krause’s glands 
Glain'dulae myrtifor'mes = caruncul^ myrti- 
FORMES. Glan'dulae odorif'erae = Tyson’s glands. 
Glan'dulae palpebra'rum = meibomian glands. 
G. paro'tis* = PAROTID gland. Glan'dulae pey'- 
eri = Peyer’s glanps. G. pinea'lis = pineal 
body. G. pros'tata mulie'bris = corpus glan- 
dulosum. G. saliva'lis abdom'inis = pan¬ 
creas. Glan'dulae seba'ceae* = sebaceous 
glands. G. so'ciaparo'tidis = socia parotidis 
Glan'dulae solita'riae = solitary glands. G. sub- 
lingua'lis* = sublingual gland. G. submaxil- 
la'ris* = suBMAxiLLARY GLAND. G. supergemina'- 
lis, the epididymis. G. suprarena'lis* =suprare- 
NAL BODY. Glan'dulae suprarena'les sic'cae*, desic¬ 
cated suprarenal glands, the suprarenal glands of 
the sheep (O'vis a'ries Linn6) or ox {Bos tau'rus 
Linn6), freed from fat, and cleaned, dried, 
and powdered, one part representing approxi¬ 
mately 6 parts of the fresh gland. Dose, 

0.250 Gm. (4grs.). Glan'dulae tarsa'les [Meibo'- 
mi]* = MEIBOMIAN GLANDS. Glan'dulae thyrol'- 
deae sic'cae*, desiccated thyroid glands, the thy¬ 
roid glands of the sheep {O'vis a'ries Linn6), freed 
from fat, and cleaned, dried, and powdered, one 
part representing approximately 5 parts of the 
fresh gland. Dose, 0.250 Gm. (4 grs.). Glan'du¬ 
lae urethra'les [Littre'i]* = Littre’s glands. G. 
vestibula'ris ma'jor [Bartholi'ni]* = Bartholin’s 

GLAND. [L.] 

glan'du-lar. Pertaining to or like a gland in ap¬ 
pearance, function, or structure; also furnished 
with glands. G. artery, a branch of the facial 
artery to the submaxillary gland; the submax¬ 
illary artery. G. epithelium, epithelium forming 
the secreting tissue of a gland. G. granule, a 
malpighian corpuscle. G. hypertrophy, enlarge¬ 
ment of lymph-glands without recognizable 
cause. G. hypospadias, hypospadias. G. lar¬ 
yngitis, follicular laryngitis. G. pharyngitis, 
PHARYNGITIS. G. phthisis, phthisis of the 
lymphatic glands. G. polypus = adenoma. G. 
sarcoma = Hodgkin’s disease. G. system, the 


GLANDULE 


383 

various glandular structures of the body consid¬ 
ered as a whole. G. tumor, a tumor in or struc¬ 
turally resembling a gland. G. veins = submax¬ 
illary VEINS. 

glandule. A small gland; glandula*. 
glan-du-lif'e-rous. Bearing glands or glandules, or 
furnished with glandular hairs, 
glan'du-lin. Extract of gland*tissue. 
glan'du-lous. = Glandular. 

glans. I. In anatomy, a gland, an acorn ^shaped 
organ. G. clito'ridis*, the bulbous extremity of 
the clitoris. G. pe'nis*, the distal expanded end 
of the penis. 2. Goitre, or enlargement of the 
thyroid. 3. A suppository, or a pessary. [L.] 
gla-se'ri an artery. A branch of the internal max¬ 
illary artery to the lining membrane of the tym¬ 
panum ; tympanic artery. G. fissure, a fissure in 
the wall of the t5rmpanic cavity opening into the 
glenoid fossa; fissura petrotympanica [Glaseri]*. 

It contains the long process of the malleus. 
Glas'gow’s sign. A systolic sound in the brachial 
artery in latent aneurism of the aorta, 
glass. An artificial substance, fusible at a high 
temperature, hard and brittle when cold, insoluble 
in water and in the acids, except hydrofluoric 
acid. It is formed by the combination of a fus¬ 
ible alkaline silicate (of potash or soda) with one 
or several infusible silicates (of lime, magnesia, 
iron, chromium, etc.). Crown glass is compo sed of 
silica, 62.8 ;lime, i2.5;potash, 22;and alumina, 2.6. 
Flint glass contains silica, 38.2; lead oxide, 43.5; 
potash, 11.7; and alumina, 2. Microscopic and 
achromatic lenses are made of crown and flint 
glass, Soluble glass. G. of antimony, vitrified 
antimony oxide. G.sgall = sandiver. G.shand 
— telegraphers’ cramp. G.spox = varicella. 
G.swoo1 = spun glass. [Gr. vaXog-, L. vi'trum.] 
glass'blow-ers’ cramp. A permanent contraction of 
the third and fourth fingers. Gs.’hand = main 

EN CROCHET. 

glassies. The popular term for spectacles, 
glass'y membrane. = Hyaline membrane. G. 

swelling = amyloid degeneration. 

Glau'ber’s salt. =Sodii sulphas*. [Johann Ru¬ 
dolf Glauber, a German chemist, 1604-1688.] 
glau^cic acid. = Fumaric acid. 

Glau'cium lu'teum. The hornspoppy, a papaver¬ 
aceous plant. It has an acrid, poisonous juice 
which contains the white, crystalline alkaloids 
glau'cine and glau-co-pic'rine. 
glau-co'ma, glau-co'sis. A morbid condition marked 
by heightened tension or increased fluid^pressure 
within the eyeball, and resulting in hardness of 
the eyeball, excavation of the optic disk, progress¬ 
ive defect of vision, and ultimately blindness. It 
may occur as a primary disease or may result from 
other diseases of the eye. G. absolu'tum or con- 
summa^tum, the last stage of inflammatory glau¬ 
coma, in which there is complete blindness and 
the eyeball becomes very hard. Auricular g., a 
disease marked by increased intralabyrinthine 
pressure. G. evolu'tum, glaucoma coming in at¬ 
tacks, leaving after each a progressively increasing 
defect of vision leading gradually to absolute glau¬ 
coma. G. ful'minans, acute inflammatory glau¬ 
coma, destroying the sight in a very short time. 
Hemorrhagic g., glaucoma accompanied by hem¬ 
orrhage into the eye. G. im'minens or prodro- 
maflis, periodic increase and decrease of pressure, 
with obscuration of vision. Inflammatory g., 
glaucoma accompanied by symptoms of inflamma¬ 
tion, such as ciliary congestion and opacity of the 


GLIDING JOINT 

cornea, which symptoms,with the attendant blind¬ 
ness, occur in paroxysms (glaucomatous attacks) 
with intervening remissions. G. sim'plex, glau¬ 
coma without inflammatory symptoms, but with 
steadily progressive loss of vision. [ < y?MVK 6 c 
bluesgreen, also light gray.] fgiau-co'ma-tous, 
as G. attack, glaucoma, inflammatory; G. cat¬ 
aract, a form of cataract occurring in and depend¬ 
ent upon glaucoma: G. cup, the depression or ex¬ 
cavation of the optic disk which accompanies 
glaucoma: G. excavation of the optic disk, ex¬ 
cavation OF THE OPTIC nerve: G. habit, the di¬ 
lated pupil and shallow anterior chamber of the 
eye seen in those predisposed to glaucoma: and 
G. halo = HALO GLAUCOMATOSUS. 
glau-co-su'ri a. Greenish discoloration of the urine, 
caused by the presence of indican. 

Glaux. A genus of primulaceous trees. G. marit'- 
ima, seasmilkwort, is popularly believed to in¬ 
crease the flow of the milk of wetmurses. 
Glecho'ma hedera'cea. The groundsivy, a labiate 
herb: said to be tonic, expectorant, and diuretic. 
Gleditsch'ia. A genus of leguminous trees. The 
fruit of Gleditsch'ia iriacan'thos, honeydocust, is 
said to contain gle-ditsch'ine, a poisonous alkaloid, 
gleet. Chronic urethritis following acute gonorrhoea 
and attended with a scanty mucous or mucopuru¬ 
lent discharge: stricture is often present. [< A. 
S. glidan to flow down gently.] fgfcet'y* 
Gl^nard’s disease (gle-narz). = Enteroptosis. 
gle-ni'tis. Inflammation of the crystalline lens, 
gle-no-hu'me-ral. Relating to the glenoid cavity 
and to the humerus. G. ligaments, three bands 
of fibres, a superior, a middle, and an inferior, form¬ 
ing thickenings in the anterior wall of the cap¬ 
sular ligament and passing from the glenoid cav¬ 
ity to the upper end of the humerus, 
gle'noid. i. Resembling a pit or cavity. 2. Re¬ 
lating to the glenoid cavity. G. cavity, the ter¬ 
mination of the head of the scapula, which forms 
the upper and inner articulating surface of the 
shouldersjoint; acetabulum humeri; omocotyle; 
fossa glenoidalis; cavitas glenoidalis*. G. fissure 
= GLASERiAN FISSURE. G. fossa, the concavity 
in the temporal bone at the base of the zygomatic 
process. It forms the articulation for the lower 
jaw. G. ligament, i. A ring of fibrocartilage at¬ 
tached to the rim of the glenoid fossa. 2. (Of 
Cruveilhier.) Any one of the ligaments joining the 
palmar surfaces of the phalanges with the meta¬ 
carpal bones. G. lobe, one of the lobes of the 
parotid gland, extending inward beneath the tem¬ 
poromandibular articulation and filling the back 
of the glenoid cavity. (^Carotid lobe; ptery¬ 
goid LOBE. [< y'kijvrj cavity-f-eldof form.] 
gle-noi*de-o-bra'chi al ligaments. The middle and 
inferior glenohumeral ligaments; Schlemm’s liga¬ 
ments. 

gle-noi*de-o-hu'me-ral ligament. The superior gle¬ 
nohumeral ligament; Flood’s ligament, 
gle-no-ver'te-bral angle. The angle of the scapula 
formed by its glenoid and vertebral edges, 
gle'o-scle-ro'ma. = Rhinoscleroma. 
gli'a. = Neuroglia. G.scells, certain cells with 
brushdike bundles of fibrils, constituting the 
neuroglia; spiderscells; Deiters’s cells, 
gli'a-cyte. A neurogliac cell. 

gli'a-din. A tough, amorphous protein, one of 
the constituents of vegetable gluten; glutin; veg¬ 
etable gelatin; vegetable sugar. [ < yVia glue.] 
gli'dine. [T[ D. A. Z. ’08.] 
glid'ing joint. = Arthrodia*. 


GLIOBACTERIA 


384 


GLOSSIFORM CONVOLUTION 


gU-o -bac-te'ri a. Certain bacteria during the stage 
in which they are embedded in a zooglcea. 
gli-o-coc'cus. A micrococcus invested with a ge¬ 
latinous capsule. 

gli-o'ma. A malignant tumor originating in ner¬ 
vous tissue and composed of cells which resemble 
neuroglia*cells: seen in brain and retina. Telan¬ 
giectatic g., a glioma containing an abundance of 
blood-vessels. [ < yAta glue -f-- oma.] 
tous, as G. w^Mroma = neuroglioma. 
gli-o-ma-to'sis. The presence of neuroglia in ex¬ 
cessive amount; especially observed in cases 
where the central canal of the spinal cord is pre- 
ternaturally large. 

gli‘0-myx-o'ma. A tumor having the combined 
characters of glioma and myxoma, 
gli'o-neu-ro'ma. A tumor containing the elements 
of glioma and neuroma. 

gli*o-sar-co'ma. A tumor which contains the ele¬ 
ments of glioma and those of sarcoma, 
gli- o'sis. I. = Gliomatosis. 2. A disease of the' 
brain in which there are foci of sclerosed gray sub¬ 
stance within which lacunar spaces are formed. 
G. cervica'lis = SYRINGOMYELIA. 
glis‘chro-bac-te'ri um. The micro-organism Bacte'- 
rium glischrog'enum, causing mucous degeneration 
of the urine. [< yXicxpoQ viscid+ bacterium.] 
glis-chru'ria. A gluey condition of the urine; 
mucinuria; caused by the presence of mucin. [ < 
yliaxpo^ gluey + ovpov urine.] 

Glis'son’s capsule. A sheath of connective tissue 
which invests the liver and enters that organ at 
the transverse fissure, surrounding the vessels 
and the ducts throughout the organ. It lies 
beneath the peritoneum and is subject to cir¬ 
rhosis. G.’s sling extension, a leather sling with a 
metal arch for giving permanent extension in 
spondylitis. tglis-so'ni an, as G. cirrhosis = 
PERIHEPATITIS, glis-so-ni'tis, inflammation of 
Glisson’s capsule. 

glo'bic nucleus. = Nucleus globosus*. 
glo'bin. A proteid material which, with hasmatin, 
is found in the red blood-corpuscles, 
glo-bi-nom'e-ter. An instrument for calculating 
the percentage of oxyhaemoglobin in a given 
quantity of blood. 

glo-bo-cel'lu-lar. Round-celled. G. sarcoma = 

MEDULLARY CANCER. 

glo'bo-my-e-lo'ma. A round-celled sarcoma, 
glo'bon. A nutritive preparation composed of 
animal and vegetable paranucleins. 
glo-bose'. Round like a ball; globular; forming 
nearly a true sphere. [< L. glo'bus ball.] 
glob'u-lar. Like a globe, or nearly spherical. G. 
anaemia, anaemia from deficiency of red corpus¬ 
cles. G. process, the eminence at the angles of 
the embryonic nose. G. sputum, the spherical 
yellow masses of sputum of late bronchitis. 
Globula'ria al'ypum. A selaginaceous shrub of 
Europe, used in medicine as a substitute for 
senna. It yields glo-bu-la'rin, a bitter glucoside, 
C20H44O14, from which the cathartic glo-bu-la- 
re'tin is derived. 

glob'ule. Any particle of matter of a globular or 
spherical figure, like the globules of the blood or 
of milk; a small pill or pellet; a spherule. [< L. 
glob'ulus, dim. of glo'bus globe.] 
glob'uli martia'les. Globules of potassium ferric 
tartrate. 

glob-u-li-ci'dal. Tending to destroy blood-corpus¬ 
cles. G. serum, a haemolytic blood-serum, fglob'- 
u-li-cide. 


glob-u-lim'e-ter. A device by means of which the 
proportion of red corpuscles in a given sample 
of blood is estimated. 

glob'u-lin. I. The colorless substance which re¬ 
mains after the red coloring matter has been 
removed from the globules of the blood. 2. Any 
one of a group of proteins which differ from 
albumins in that they are insoluble in distilled 
water and are more readily “ salted out” of solu¬ 
tion. Globulins are coagulable by heat. They 
include serum-globulin (paraglobulin or fibrino- 
plastin), fibrinogen, paramyosinogen, myosinogen, 
lactoglobulin, and crystallin. i^^Vegetable glob¬ 
ulin. 3. = Crystallin, def. i. [< L. glob'ulus 
globule.] presence of a 

globulin-in the urine. 

glob'u-iism. A name for homoeopathy. [< L. 

glob'ulus little globe or pill.] 
glob'u-loid. A rounded body sometimes found on 
the neck of a spermatozoon, 
glob'u-lose. A product of the peptic digestion of a 
globulin. 

glob'u-lus. I. A suppository-like globe filled with 
medicine for introduction into body-cavities, espe¬ 
cially the vagina. 2. =NuCLEUS GLOBOSUS*. [L.] 
glo'bus. A ball; a sphere. ^G. hyster'icus, ‘‘hyster¬ 
ical ball,” a sensation as if a ball were ascending 
in the throat. G. ma'jor, the head of the epididy¬ 
mis. G. minor, the lower enlargement of the epi¬ 
didymis. G. pal'lidus*, ‘‘ pale sphere,” the pale 
inner portion of the lenticular nucleus. [L.] 
glom'e-rate. Crowded together; congregated: ap¬ 
plied to glands formed of a clue, as it Avere, of 
sanguineous vessels having an excretory duct 
but no cavity. [ < L. ^ glomera're, to wind on a 
ball.] tgloca-e-ra'tion, a tumor, 
glo-mer'u-lar layer. The layer of olfactory glo¬ 
meruli. G. nephritis = glomerulonephritis. 
glom'e-rule. = Glomerulus. 

glo-mer-u-li'tis. Nephritic inflammation seated in, 
or upon, or about, the glomeruli of the kidney, 
glo-mer-u-lo-cap'su-lar nephritis. ^Nephritis. 
glo-mer'u-lo-ne-phri'tis. Nephritis affecting chiefly 
the malpighian bodies and capsules of the kidney, 
glo-mer'u-lus. A small, dense, roundish cluster, par¬ 
ticularly any one of the vascular tufts found with¬ 
in the malpighian corpuscles; a malpighian tuft. 

Olfactory glomerulus. G. arteriococcygeus 
= Luschka’s gland. [L., dim. of glo'mus ball 
of yarn.] 

glo'mus. A ball, as of yarn. G. chorioi'deum*, a 
coil of the choroid plexus of each lateral ventri¬ 
cle, at the point where it descends into the mid¬ 
dle horn. [L.] 

glo-no'in oil. Pure nitroglycerin. ^ Nobel prizes. 

G. pills, pills of gr. of nitroglycerin. 

Glorio'sa super'ba. A liliaceous plant of India. It 
is a narcotic poison, and contains a poisonous bit¬ 
ter principle called superbin. 
glos-sag'ra. Violent pain in the tongue; nearly the 
same as glossalgia. [< > Aci(Tcra tongue-f dypa 

seizure.] 

glos'sal. Pertaining to the tongue, 
glos-sal'gi a. Pain in the tongue, 
glos-san'thrax. Carbuncle of the tongue, of rare 
occurrence in human beings, but not infrequent 
in some domestic animals. [ < 7/iwucra tongue -f- 
avdpa^ burning coal.] 

glos'sa-plas-ty. Plastic surgery of the tongue, 
glos-sec'to-my. Surgical excision of the tongue, 
glos'si-form convolution. =Subcalcarine convo¬ 
lution. 


GLOSSINA MORSITANS 


385 


GLUCOSE 


Glossi'na mor'sitans or palpa'lis. == Tsetse fly. 

tglos'si-nose = trypanosomiasis. 
glos-si'tis. Inflammation of the tongue. i^Clarke’s 
TONGUE. G. dis'secans, a chronic affection of the 
tongue in which deep cracks are formed on its 
surface, leading easily to excoriation and ulcera¬ 
tion. Parenchymatous g., a painful, hard exuda¬ 
tion in the parenchyma of the tongue causing 
marked swelling: it is sometimes epidemic, 
glos'so-. Relating to the tongue: a combining form. 
[< y\o)aaa tongue.] glos’so-car-ci-no'ma, car¬ 
cinoma of the tongue.— glos'so-cele, a hyper¬ 
trophied or swollen condition of the tongue, 
causing it to be partially projected; prolapse of 
the tongue. i®"Macroglossia; microglossia. 
glos-so-des'mus, the fraenum linguae.— glos*so-d-y- 
na-mom'e-ter, an instrument for estimating the 
resisting power to pressure of the tongue.— glos- 
so-dyn'i a, pain in the tongue, as G. exfoliaii'va, 
neuralgia of the root of the tongue with exfolia¬ 
tion of the epithelium of the tongue.— glos'sos 
ep-i-glot'tic, sep-i-glot-tid'e an, pertaining to the 
tongue and the epiglottis, as G. folds, frcena, or 
ligaments, three folds of mucous membrane run¬ 
ning from the root of the tongue to the epi¬ 
glottis: and G. pouch, the pouch or depression on 
each side of the fraenum epiglottidis or median 
glossosepiglottidean fold; vallecula.— glos'so- 
graph, an apparatus for recording the move¬ 
ments of the mouth and the tongue in speaking.— 
glos-sog'ra-phy, a description of the tongue.— 
glos-so-hy'al, the posterior cornua of the hyoid 
bone.— glos'so-la‘bi-o-la-ryn'ge al, glos*so-la'bi al, 
or glos’so-la-ryn'geal paralysis = bulbar paral¬ 
ysis. — glos-so-la'li a, the gift of speaking in un¬ 
known tongues, ascribed by some observers to 
somnambulists and others. — glos-sol'o-gy. i. A 
treatise on the powers and functions of the 
tongue; the science of the tongue. 2. Termi¬ 
nology.— glos-sol'y-sis, paralysis of the tongue.— 
glos-so-man'ti a, -man-tei'a, prognosis from the 
state of the tongue.— glos-son'cus, a tumor of 
the tongue; glossocele.— glos-so-pal'a-tine, relat¬ 
ing to the tongue and palate, as G. arch, the 
anterior pillar of the fauces: and G. muscle = 
PALATOGLOSSUS. — glos-sop'a-thy, any disease of 
the tongue.— glos-so-pe'da = footsandsmouth 
DISEASE. — glos*so-pha-ryn'ge al. i. Relating to 
the tongue and the pharynx, as G. ganglia, the 
jugular and petrous ganglia: and G. nerve, the 
ninth cranial nerve; nervus glossopharyngeus*. 
It arises from the floor of the fourth ventricle 
and is distributed to the meninges, the tympa¬ 
num, the tonsils, the pharynx, and the tongue. 
It is the nerve of the special sense of taste. 2. 
The glossopharyngeal nerve.— glos‘SO-pha-ryn'- 
ge um, the tongue and pharynx considered as 
an organ.— glos*so-pha-ryn'ge us, the constrictor 
superior of the pharynx, from its origin in the 
root of the tongue and its insertion into the 
pharynx.— glos'so-phyte, a vegetable parasite 
growing upon the tongue.— glos-so-phy'ti a, pig¬ 
mentation of the epithelium and papillae of the 
tongue, due to the presence of spores and de¬ 
tritus ; blackstongue.— glos'so-plas-ty = glossa- 
PLASTY. — glos-so-ple'gi a, glos-so-ple'gy, glos-so- 
ple'gic paralysis, paralysis of the tongue. &- 
Bulbar paralysis. — glos-sop-to'sis, a falling 
or lengthening of the tongue.— glos-sor-rha'gi a, 
hemorrhage from the tongue.— glos-sor'rha-phy, 
the suture, or sewing up, of a wound of the 
tongue.— glos-sos'co-py, the examination of the 
25 


tongue as a principal means of diagnosis.— glos- 
so-spas'mus, glos'so-spasm, a cramp of the 
tongue.— glos’so-staph-y-li'nus, the constrictor 
isthmi faucium, from its origin in the tongue and 
its insertion into the uvula; the palatoglossus.— 
glos-sos-te-re'sis, excision or extirpation of the 
tongue.— glos-sot'o-my, dissection of the tongue; 
also amputation of the tongue.— glos-so-trich'i a, 
hairy tongue. 

glos'sy fingers. A condition in which the fingers 
become smooth, ruddy, hairless, thin, and painful. 
It is believed to be due to trophic changes of a 
central origin or to injury of a nerve. G. skin, 
a smooth and glossy state of the skin due to de¬ 
fective nutrition caused by injury of the cutane¬ 
ous nerves; leiodermia neuritica. 
glos-sy-per'tro-phy. Hypertrophy of the tongue, 
glot'tis. The aperture of the larynx; the rima glot- 
tidis. G. ve'ra, the tonesproducing apparatus 
formed by the two vocal cords. [L., fr. yAwrr/f 
mouthspiece of a flute.] fglot'tal, glot-tid'i al, as 
G. cedema, phlegmonous laryngitis, glot-ti-do- 
spas'mus, spasm of the 
glottis, glot'ti-scope, 
a kind of laryngoscope, 
glot-ti'tis. I. Inflamma¬ 
tion of the glottis. 

[< Glottis.] 2. Glos¬ 
sitis; inflammation of 
the tongue. [< yAwrra 
tongue.] 

glove. A cover, as of 
rubber, for the hand 
or the hand and wrist; 
used for protecting the 
hands from infection 
or causing infection, 
glov'ers* suture. i. A suture formed by introduc¬ 
ing a needle and thread into one lip of the wound 
from within outward, then into the other in the 
same way. It is now abandoned as unsuitable. 
2. A continuous suture. 

glu'cic acid. A colorless amorphous substance, 
Cj2H220j2, formed variously, as by the action of 
acids on glucose; glu-cin'ic acid, 
glu-ci'na. One of the primitive earths. It is an ox¬ 
ide of glucinum. [< yAVKVQ sweet.] 
glu-ci'num, glu-cin'ium. A metallic element, the 
base of glucina: at. wt., 9.03; sp. gr., 1.85; sym¬ 
bol, Gl. It is a white, malleable element, soluble 
in sulphuric and hydrochloric acids, and now 
usually called beryllium, Elements, table op 
glu-co-hae'mi a. =Glycoh^mia. 
glu-con'ic acid. A colorless syrupy substance, 
CgHjgOy, obtained by oxidizing dextrose, cane« 
sugar, starch, dextrin, or maltose with chlorine 
and bromine water. G. fermentation, decompo¬ 
sition of glucose due to Micrococ'cus oblon'gus. 
glU-COsOC'tOSe. OCTOSE. 

glu-co-pro'te id. Any one of a class of proteids 
which on decomposition yield albuminoids and 
carbohydrates, Chromoproteid. 
glu-cos-am'ine. An amino ^derivative, CgHjgNOg, 
from, glucose. 

glu'cose. I. A form of sugar, CeHj20g, existing in 
fruits of various kinds, in honey, and in various 
fluids of the body; dextrose, grape=sugar; dex- 
troglucose: less soluble in cold water or alcohol 
than cane-sugar, and inferior to it in sweetness. 
It is dextrorotatory. 2. A group of sugars which 
are similar in chemical composition, and of which 
grape-sugar is the type. The varieties of glucose 








GLUCOSIDE 


386 


GLYCERINUM 


are dextrose, loevulose, maltose, mannitose, galac¬ 
tose, inosite, sorbin, and eucalyn. [< y?iVKvg sweet.] 
glu'co-side. A vegetable principle occurring in vari¬ 
ous plants, and when treated with dilute acids 
yielding glucose and another characteristic sub¬ 
stance which differs in each case according to the 
plant operated on, as digitalin, etc. 
glu'co-sine. Any one of the series of compounds 
obtained by the action of ammonia on glucose, 
glu-co-su'ri a. The presence of sugar in the urine, 
as in DIABETES MELLiTus; mellituria *, glycosuria. 
glu’co-va-nil'lic acid. An artificial glucoside, Cj^Hjg- 
Og, which, with glu’co-va-nil'lin, Cj^HjgOg, is pro¬ 
duced by the oxidation of coniferin with potas¬ 
sium permanganate. 

glue. An impure form of gelatin, used in the arts. 
In surgery, glue bandages are sometimes used as 
permanent dressings. G.slike tumor, a glioma. 
Glu'ge’s corpuscles. Corpuscles containing granular 
matter found in diseased nervous tissue; inflam¬ 
matory corpuscles; compound granule*cells. 
glu'ci-dum (B. P). = Benzosulphinidum*. 

glu-ta-con'ic acid. A compound, C^HgO^, isomeric 
with citraconic acid. 

glu-tae'us, -te'us, pi. -i. The name of three muscles, 
forming the greater part of the fleshy mass be¬ 
neath the ischium, termed the glutceus maximus, 
the glutceus medius, and the glutceus minimus. 
G. quar'tus, an occasional muscle arising from 
the anterior part of the inferior gluteal ridge of 
the ilium and inserted into the top of the great 
trochanter of the femur in front of the insertion 
of the glutasus minimus. [ < yT^ovrog buttock.] 
glu-tam'ic or glu-ta-min'ic acid. An acid, CjHgNO^, 
formed by the decomposition of proteids. 
glu-tam'ine. A compound, C5HjgN203, found, along 
with asparagine, in many plants, but best ob¬ 
tained from the fresh juice of the sugar=beet; 
amidopyrotartaramide. 

glu-tar'ic acid. An acid, CgHgO^, occurring in decom¬ 
posed pus. 

glu'ta-zin. A white, crystalline substance, CgHgNjOj, 
obtained from pyridine. 

glu-te'al. Pertaining to the buttocks or to their 
muscles. G. artery, the largest terminal branch 
of the posterior division of the internal iliac 
artery, distributed to the pelvic and gluteal 
muscles. Deep g. artery, a branch of the gluteal 
artery to the deep muscles of the gluteal region. 
Inferior g. artery, a branch of the sciatic artery 
to the glutaeus maximus. Superficial g. artery, a 
branch of the gluteal artery to the glutaeus max¬ 
imus. Superior g. artery, a branch of the deep 
gluteal artery. G. bursa, any one of the three 
bursae between the glutaeus maximus and the 
bone below it. G. furrow, the furrow separating 
the nates. G. lines = curved lines of the 
ILIUM. G. muscle, glutaeus. Inferior g. 
nerve, a branch of the sacral plexus supplying 
the glutaeus maximus; Superior g. nerve, a 
branch of the sacral plexus supplying the glutaei 
muscles and the tensor vaginae femoris. G. 
reflex, contraction of the glutaei muscles excited 
by stimulating the overlying skin. G. ridge or 
tubercle, a rough linear elevation at the upper 
end of the shaft of the femur for the attachment 
of the deeper portion of the glutaeus maximus. 
glu'ten. Vegetable glue; the residue after the 
farina of wheat has been deprived of its starch. 
It is a ductile, tenacious, or viscid gray mass or 
paste, which contains nitrogen, and is very 
nutritious. It consists chiefly of glutensfibrin. 


CgyHsgNigOii, 3 browuish mass; glutenscasein (= 
vegetable casein); gliadin; and mucedin. G. 
bread, bread containing a large proportion of 
gluten: sometimes prescribed in diabetes. G.s 
peptone sublimate, a white, hygroscopic, soluble 
powder, containing about 25% of mercuric chlo¬ 
ride, and used hypodermically, 
glu-te-o-fem'o-ral crease or line. The crease which 
bounds the buttock below and on each side, 
glu'tin. I, A distinct form of gelatin, obtained 
from common glue, of which it forms the chief 
ingredient. 2. = Gliadin. [< L. g/w'/^n glue.] 
glu'ti-nous, -nose. Having the properties of glutin; 
gluey; adhesive. 

glu-ti'tis. Inflammation of the buttocks or of the 
glutei muscles. [ < 7/lovrdf buttock.] 
glu'tol, glu'to-form. A dusting powder prepared 
from gelatin and formaldehyde, 
glu'ton. A dietetic gelatose prepared by the action 
of acids on gelatin at a high temperature, 
glu-to-py-o'sis. Abscess of the buttock or of the 
gluteal muscles. [< yXovro^ buttock -f Tcvcioiq 
suppuration.] 

gly-cae'mi a. = GlycoHvEMia. 

gly'case. An enzyme which converts maltose and 
maltodextrin into dextrose. 
glyc-e-l£e'um. A compound of almond meal, olive 
oil, and glycerin: used as a base for ointments, 
glyc'e-rate. i. A salt or compound of glyceric acid. 
2, A glycerite. 

glyc'e-ric acid. A syrupy liquid, CgHgO^, formed 
by carefully oxidizing glycerin with nitric acid. 
G. ether = glyceride. 

glyc'e-ride. A compound of glycerin with a fatty 
acid; any ester of glycerol; glyceric ether, 
glyc'e-rin, glyc'e-rine. A colorless, transparent, 
syrupdike fluid, CgHgO^, without smell, and of a 
sweet taste, obtained by the decomposition of 
fats and fixed oils; glycerol; glycyl or propenyl 
alcohol; glycerinum*. It is soluble in water 
and alcohol, but insoluble in chloroform, ether, 
benzol, and the fixed oils. Being unalterable in 
the air and not liable to become rancid, it is 
well adapted for the preservation of animal and 
vegetable substances, and as a vehicle for phar¬ 
maceutical preparations. It is sometimes admin¬ 
istered internally as a laxative and an alterative. 
It has come into extensive use as an external 
remedy, its emollient virtues and undrying prop¬ 
erty adapting it to the treatment of skin dis¬ 
eases, such as eczema, herpes, lepra, lichen, 
psoriasis, and prurigo. In microscopy, it is used 
as a mountingsmedium, and in bacteriology, as 
an addition to culture^media. It is a good sub¬ 
stitute for cerate in dressings. ^ Suppositoria 
GLYCER iNi*. G. agar, a culture^medium for bac¬ 
teria, especially the tubercle bacillus. G. jelly, a 
mixture of glycerin and gelatin, used as a mount- 
ing*medium for anatomical specimens. Mixed 
with zinc oxide, it is used as an ointment in the 
treatment of eczema. G. ointment, glycerite of 
starch. [< yXvKvg sweet.] 
glyc’e-rin-phos-phor'ic acid. = Glycerophosphor- 

IC ACID. 

glyc-e-ri'num*. Glycerin or glycerol, a liquid ob¬ 
tained by the decomposition of vegetable or 
animal fats, or fixed oils, and containing not less 
than 95% of absolute glycerol, a triatomic al¬ 
cohol, CHjOH.CHOH.CHoOH. Its specific grav¬ 
ity should not be less than 1.246 at 25° C. 
(77® F.). Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.) i^Supposi 

TORIA GLYCERINI*. 


GLYCERITA 


387 


GLYCYRRHIZA 


glyc-e-ri'ta. = Glycerite. 

glyc'e-rite. A mixture of some medicinal substance 
with glycerin; glyceritum of the U. S. P. 

glyceri'tum, pi. glyceri'ta. A glycerite. G. ac'idi 
carbol'ici, glycerite of carbolic acid, the 1890 
U. S. P. name for G. phenolis*. G. a'cidi tan'- 
nici*, glycerite of tannic acid, a glycerite con¬ 
taining 20% of tannic acid. It may be used in¬ 
ternally and externally for most of the pur¬ 
poses to which tannic acid is applied. Dose, 2 
Cc. (30 mins.). G. am'yli*, glycerite of starch. 
It is emollient and demulcent. G. boroglyceri'- 
ni*, glycerite of boro glycerin, a 31% solution of 
boric acid in glycerin. G. fer'ri, quini'nae et 
strychni'nae phospha'tum*, glycerite of the phos¬ 
phates of iron, quinine, and strychnine. To make 
this preparation there are employed 80 Gm. of 
soluble ferric phosphate, 104 Gm. of quinine, 
0.8 Gm. of strychnine, 200 Cc. of phosphoric acid, 
500 Cc. of glycerin, and water, to make 1000 Cc. 
Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.), containing 0.0008 Gm. 
(sV S’*-) strychnine. G. hydras'tis*, glycerite 
of hydrastis, a percolate of hydrastis in glycerin, 
water, and alcohol. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). G. 
phe'nolis*, glycerite of phenol, a 20% by volume 
mixture of liquefied phenol and glycerin. Dose, 
0.3 Cc. (5 mins.). G. vitel'li, the 1890 U. S. P. 
name for glycerite of yolk of egg, a preparation 
made of fresh yolk of egg, 45 parts, and glycerin, 
55 parts; glyconin. It is useful as a vehicle for 
the administration of cod liver oil, and as a basis 
of emulsions. 

glyc'e-rol. The more accurate name of glycerin, 
viewed in its character of an alcohol. 

glyc'e-ro-late. = Glycerite. 

glyc*e-ro-phos-phor'ic acid. A decomposition prod¬ 
uct, CgHgPOg, of lecithin, formed by the union 
of glycerin and phosphoric acid. tglyc*e-ro- 
phos'phate, a combination of glycerin and phos¬ 
phoric acid with a base, as sodium, potassium, 
calcium, iron, etc. 

glyc'e-rose. A sugar, CgHgOj, derived from glycerin 
by oxidation. 

glyc'e-ryl. The hypothetical radical, C3H5, of glyc¬ 
erin ; propenyl. G. alcohol, glycerin. G. borate 

= BOROGLYCERIDE. G. hydrate = GLYCERIN. G. 

myristate = myristin. G. trinitrate = nitro¬ 
glycerin. 

gly'cin. I. =Glycocoll. 2. A sugar or hydro¬ 
carbon resembling, if not identical with, mannite, 
from the liquid of the fresh cocoamut. 3. = 
Glycyrrhizin. 

gly'co-. Denoting sweetness; relating to sugar: a 
combining form. [< ylvKvg sweet.] gly-co- 
chol'ic acid, a crystalline acid, C26H43NO3, the 
chief acid of oxsgall, producing glycocoll and 
cholic acid, fgly^co-cho'late, a salt of glyco- 
cholic acid, as G. of sodium, which occurs in 
human bile and in that of the ox.— gly'co-coU, 
gly'co-cin, gelatin=sugar, a crystalline compound, 
C2H5NO2, obtained by boiling gluten in an ex¬ 
cess of caustic alkali; amido*acetic acid; glycin. 
— gly-co-cy-am'ine, a compound, C3H7N3O2, 
formed by the addition of cyanamide to glyco¬ 
coll ; guanidine acetic acid.— gly-co-gel'a-tin, an 
ointmentsbase of glycocoll and gelatin.— gly'co- 
gen, a carbohydrate, CgHjyOg, occurring in many 
of the animal tissues, as muscles (0.5 to 0.9%), 
and especially in the liver (1.5 to 4%), where it 
may be changed into glucose by physiological 
processes; animal starch. It is an amorphous 
white powder, giving a portswine colored reac¬ 


tion with iodine. In watery solutions, it is dex¬ 
trorotatory.— gly-cog'e-nal, a substance allied to 
glycogen: used in tuberculosis. Dose, 4 Gm. (6 
grs.).— gly-co-gen'e-sis, the formation of sugar, 
or of glycogen, tg^y-co-ge-net'ic, gly-co-gen'ic 

(= AMYLOGENIC), aS G. = DIABETIC CEN¬ 

TRE. — gly-cog'e-ny, glycogenesis, especially that 
of fetal life.— gly-co-hse'mi a, a morbid condition 
in which the blood contains saccharine matter.— 
gly-co-her'o-in, a proprietary expectorant con¬ 
taining heroin and hyoscyamine. — gly'col. i. 
A diatomic alcohol of the fatty group. 2. A 
colorless liquid, CgHgOg, with a sweetish taste, 
produced by decomposing ethylene bromide; 
ethylene alcohol.— gly-col-am'ide, a sweet crys¬ 
talline compound, C2H5NO2.— gly-col-am'ine => 
GLYCOCOLL. — gly'co-Ud, a white amorphous sub¬ 
stance, C2H2O2, obtained by dehydrating glycol- 
lic acid by dry heat.— gly-col'lic acid, a white 
crystalline substance, C2H4O3, occurring in un¬ 
ripe grapes and in the leaves of the Virginia 
creeper; oxyacetic acid. G. dinitrate, a yellow¬ 
ish liquid, C2H4(N03)2, formed by treating gly¬ 
col with sulphuric and nitric acids.— gly-co-lu'ric 
acid= HYDANTOic ACID. — gly-col'u-ril, a white 
crystalline substance, C4HgN402, formed by 
treating glyoxal and urea with hydrochloric 
acid; acetylene urea.— gly'co-lyl urea = HYDAN- 
TOiN. — gly-col'y-sis, the fermentative oxidation of 
sugars. tgly“CO-lyt'ic, as G. ferment, a ferment 
capable of decomposing glucose.— gly'co-nin = 
GLYCERITUM viTELLi. — gly-co-pro'tcid, any one 
of a group of compound proteids which on de¬ 
composition are resolved into a proteid on one side 
and a carbohydrate or carbohydrate*derivatives 
on the other. Included among them are the 
mucins, mucinoids, etc.— gly'co-sal, the mono¬ 
glycerin ester of salicylic acid: antiseptic and 
antirheumatic. Dose, 10 to 12 Gm. (150 to 180 
grs.).— gly'cose = GLUCOSE. — gly'co-sine. i. = 
Benzosulphinidum*. 2. A white crystalline sub¬ 
stance, CgHgN4, formed by the action of ammo¬ 
nia on glyoxal.— gly-co-som'e-ter, an instru¬ 
ment for estimating the amount of sugar in the 
urine. — gly-co-su'ri a = glucosuria. — gly-co- 
su'ric acid, an acid occurring under certain con¬ 
ditions in the urine, and giving it a black color 
on standing. G. retinitis = diabetic retinitis. 
— gly-co-thy'mo-lin, a proprietary antiseptic and 
anodyne: used especially in the treatment of 
diseased mucous membranes.— gly'co-zone, a 
proprietary preparation, said to be a solution of 
hydrogen peroxide in glycerin, 
gly-cu-ron'ic acid. An acid, CgHigOy, which ap¬ 
pears in the urine after taking certain drugs, as 
benzol, indol, and quinine. It is laevorotatory. 
glycyl-tryp'to-phan test. Glycyltryptophan is a 
dipeptid, discovered by Fischer, which, when 
placed in a thermostat for 24 hours, with the 
stomach contents is broken up into gly'cyl acid, 
and TRYPTOPHANE, provided there be present the 
enzyme of a gastric carcinoma: Neubauer and 
Fischer reaction. [ID. A. f. k. M., xcvii, ’09.] 
glyc-y-pha'gi a. A morbid fondness for sweetmeats. 
Glycyrrhi'za*. i. A genus of leguminous plants; 
licorice. 2. The dried rhizome and root of G. 
gla'bra (Spanish licorice), or of G. glandulifera 
(Russian licorice); licorice root. It is an excel¬ 
lent demulcent for catarrhal affections and 
irritations of the intestinal and urinary mu¬ 
cous membranes. Extra CTUM glycyrrhiz.®*; 
FLUIDEXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZA*; GLYCYRRHIZI- 


GLYCYRRHIZINUM AMMONIATUM 


388 


GOLD 


NUM AMMONIATUM*; MISTURA GLYCYRRHIZ^ COM- 
POSITA* ; PULVIS GLYCYRRHIZ^ COMPOSITUS* TRO- 

CHisci GLYCYRRHIZ.E ET opii*. [< yAp/ci'f sweet 
+ root.] tglyc-yr-rhe'tin, a 
derivative principle, C32H47NO4, 
obtainable from glycyrrhizin 
and from glycyrrhizic acid, 
glyc-yr-rhi'zic acid, an acid, 

C44Hg3NOi8, regarded by some 
as the most active principle of 
licorice. It appears to be a glu- 
coside. glyc-yr-rhi'zin. i. The 
saccharine principle, C24H3gOy, 
from Glycyrrhi'za, or the lico- 
ricesplant. 2. = Glycyrrhizic 

ACID. 

glycyrrhizi'num ammonia'tum*. 

Ammoniated glycyrrhizin, a 
preparation of dark^brown or 
brownish*red scales, inodorous, 
of a very sweet taste, and solu¬ 
ble in water and alcohol. It 
appears to possess the medicinal 
properties of licorice, and may 
be used as a substitute for it 
in mixtures that are not acid. 

Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). 
gly-ox'al. The simplest dialde¬ 
hyde, OCHCHO. It exists in 
four forms and of the com¬ 
pounds consisting only of C, H, 
and O is the simplest one to exhibit color; oxalic 
aldehyde. 

gly-ox-al'ic acid. A crystalline compound, CHO.- 
COOH, in unripe fruit. 

gly-ox'a-lin. A crystalline substance, C3H4N2;oxa- 
lin; methylene acetylene^azin. 
gly-ox'im. A colorless crystalline substance, C2H4- 
N2O2, prepared hydroxylamine and glyoxal. 
glyp'tic formula. A chemical formula which indi¬ 
cates graphically the arrangement and connection 
of the atoms of a molecule. [< yTiV^tiv to carve.] 
glys'ter. = Clyster. 

Gm. Abbreviation for gramme. 

Gmelina (m^l'f-na). A genus of verbenaceous treps 
or shrubs. The bark and roots of ’G. asiat'ica 
and G. parvifo'lia afford demulcent remedies. 
Gmel'in’s test or reaction. A test for the pres¬ 
ence of bilespigments, which are preferably first 
thrown down by a solution of barium bichloride. 
It consists in the production of a spectrumslike 
play of colors when fuming nitric acid is added 
to a liquid containing the pigments. The yellow 
color is due to choletelin, the blue to bilicyanin, 
and the green to biliverdin. 

Gnaphalium (n6-fe'li um). A genus of herbaceous 
composite plants, comprising several American 
species called Cudweed and Life everlasting {G. 
dioi'ca). G. macroceph'alum (common everlast¬ 
ing) is a fragrant medicinal herb, 
gna-thal'gi a. Pain of the jaw or of the cheek, 
gnath-an-ky-lo'sis. Ankylosis of the jaw. 
gnath'ic. Relating to the jaw or to the cheek. G. 
index, the number obtained by dividing the dis¬ 
tance between the basion and the nasal point by 
the distance between the basion and the alveolar 
point and multiplying the result by 100; alveolar 
index. 

gna'thi on. The point on the median line or sym¬ 
physis of the lower jaw at the lowest part of its 
anterior border. 

gna-thrtis. Inflammation of the cheek or maxilla. 


gnath'o-. Relating to the cheek or to the jaw: a 
combining form. [< jaw or cheek.] gnath- 

o-ceph'a-lus, a monster in which the head consists 
of the jaw alone.— gnath-o-gram'ma, the buccal 
line.— gna-thom'e-ter, an instrument for meas¬ 
uring the angles of the lower jaw.— gnath’o-neu- 
ral'gi a, pain of a nerve of the cheek or of the 
maxilla; maxillary neuralgia. — gnath*o-pa-ral'y* 
sis = GNATHOPLEGiA. — gnath'o-plas-ty, operation 
for repairing any deficiency of the cheek by ap¬ 
propriating a sufficient portion of the sound parts 
contiguous. — gnath-o-ple'gi a, facial paralysis.— 
gna-thos'chi-sis, cleft palate. — gnath-o-spas'mus 

= TRISMUS. 

gnos'co-pine. A crystallizable alkaloid, C34H3gN20jj, 
from opium. 

Go'a powder. A substance found in the wood of 
Andi'ra araro'ba: useful in certain skin diseases. 
Chrysarobinum*; chrysophanic acid. 
Goad'by’s solution. A preparation for preserving 
animal substances, made with bay salt, corrosive 
sublimate or ai^enous acid, and water. 

Go- a-nese' ipecac. The root of Narega'mia ala'ta, 
a valuable emetic and hepatic stimulant, 
goat, Malta FEVER, 
goat'sleap pulse. =Caprizant pulse. 
goat'sthorn. ^ Tragacantha*. 
goat'svoice. = ^gophony. 

gob'let=cell. Epithelial cells distended with mucoid 
secretion, assuming in consequence a gobletdike 
form; chalice cells; beaker cells. They often 
occur among other cells in columnar epithelium, 
as in the large intestine. 

Godfrey’s cordial. Mistura sass.^fras et opii. 
go'e-min. A substance obtained by boiling chon- 
DRUS*. 

Gottingen line (got'mg-^n). A line following the 
same direction as the upper border of the zygoma. 
gog'gle=eye. A prominently projecting eye, such 
as is often seen in myopia, 
gog'gles. A form of spectacles having their glasses 
(which are often plane and colored) set in a 
framework of wire netting. 

-gogue. k^Agogue. 

goi'tre, goi'ter. Simple hypertrophy, or cystic, 
vascular, fibroid, or fibrocystic enlargement of 
the thyroid gland; bronchocele; struma. In 
the beginning there is always actual hyperplasia 
of the true substance of the thyroid gland. 

Struma. It prevails in the Alps of Savoy and 
Switzerland, in Styria, etc., where it is often 
associated with cretinism. i$“ Exophthalmic 
goitre; myxcedema. [<F. probably from 

the L. gut'tur throat.] fgoi'trous. 
gold. A yellow metallic element, of great mallea¬ 
bility and ductility; at. wt., 195.7; sp. gr., 19.3; 
symbol, Au. (L. au'rum). Auric acid. It 
is found native, either massive or disseminated 
in threads through a rock or in grains among 
sand. Next to platinum, iridium, and osmium, 
it is heaviest of metals. Gold in powder, and its 
chloride, iodide, oxide, cyanide, and various 
other of its compounds, are used in medicine, 
mainly as alteratives. All are poisonous, the 
chloride being especially virulent. In metallic 
form it is extensively used as a filling for teeth. 
G.samalgam, an alloy of gold with mercury, used 
for filling teeth. G. chloride, AUCI3 -f HCl + 
4H2O: used in lupus, phthisis, and other tuber¬ 
cular affections. Dose, 0.001 to 0.004 Gni. (^^^ 
tV S^-)- «^Auri et sodii chloridum*. G.s 
cure = ICEELEY CURE. G. cyanide has been used 



M|i croscopic 
Appearance 
OF Glycyrr- 
hiza. 





GOLDBEATERS’ CRAMP 


389 


GONOCELE 


in place of auri et sodii chlortdunt*. Internal 
dose, 0.004 to 0.008 Gm. (j^^to jgr.). G. iodide. 
Dose, 0.001 to 0.008 Gm. (to gr.). G. and 
sodium bromide is a valuable anti«epileptic. Hy¬ 
podermic dose of 2% solution, 0.5 to 2 Cc. (8 to 
30 mins.). G. and sodium chloride = auri et sodii 

CHLORIDUM*. 

gold'beat-ers’ cramp. Cramp of the armsmuscles 
due to constant use in beating gold. G.’s skin, 
an extremely thin but tough membrane prepared 
from parts of the large intestine of various ani¬ 
mals, as from the caecum of the ox. 
gol'densrod. The popular name for several species 
of SoLiDAGO, especially for 5 . odj'ra. 
gol'den seal. A popular name for Hydras'iis. G. 
sulphur, antimony pentasulphide. G. tincture, a 
mixture of ether, 2 fl. ozs.; tincture of opium, 2 fl. 
ozs. • chloroform, 4 fl, drs.; and alcohol, 2 fl. ozs. 
Gold'flam’s disease. = Myasthenia gravis. 
gold'sfoil. Very thin sheets of gold: used in filling 
teeth. 

gold'sleaf electrometer. An instrument for detect¬ 
ing the presence of electricity by the divergence 
of two slips of goldsleaf. 




Gold-Tailed Moth and Its Larva. {Lipa'rts aurif'lua.) 
{Lancet, November 14, 1908.) 


gold'stailed moth. A variety of moth the larva of 
which is very destructive to trees, 
gold'thread. The bright ^yellow rootlets of the 

plant Cop'tis trifo'lia; also the plant itself. It Is 
bitter and tonic, and is considered useful in the 
sore motith of young children, 

Gol'gi’s commissural cells. Nerve=cells of the gray 
matter of the spinal cord having short axis* 
cylinder processes which do not connect with 
nerve^fibres, but break up into delicate fibrils 
confined to the gray matter. They are focussed 
chiefly in the posterior horns. G.’s corpuscle or 
organ = tendoWsSpindle. G.’s osmicssilver 
nitrate, a preparation for demonstrating the pro¬ 
liferations of ganglion^cells. It consists of two 
solutions: (i), 1.6 Gm. of potassium dichromate, 
o.i Gm. of osmic acid, and 90 Cc. of water; and 
(2), a 0.75% aqueous solution of silver nitrate. 
[< Camillo Golgi, an Italian neurologist, 1844- .] 

Goll’s column or tract. The posterior median col¬ 
umn of the spinal cord; the funiculus gracilis 
G.’s nucleus = nucleus funiculi gracilis*. 
Gol'on-boff’s sign. Sharp pain directly over the 
spleen, and pain on percussion over the extremi¬ 
ties of long bones, especially the tibias, indicates 
chlorosis. 


gom'e-nol. A preparation used to treat tubercu* 
losis and whooping*cough, 
gom'me-lin. == Dextrin. 
gom'me-line. Crude dextrin. 

gom-phi'a-sis. A looseness of the teeth, especially 
of the molars. [< yo/j,(j)'ioc molar tooth.] 
gom-pho'sis*. A variety of synarthrosis in which 
one bone is fixed in another like a nail in wood 
or as the teeth in their sockets. [< yop^ovv to 
drive in a nail.] 

Gomphre'na. A genus of herbaceous amarantha- 
ceous plants or undershrubs. G. officina'lis, of 
South America, and G. macroceph'ala, are tonic, 
stimulant, and febrifuge. G. globo'sa (globe 
amaranth) is a resolvent. 

gon-a-cra'ti a. = Spermatorrhoea. [< yop// semen 
+ aKpari/q impotent or incontinent.] 
gon'ad. A germ=gland or sperm=gland; a repro¬ 
ductive gland, whether spermatic or ovarian. 
[< yovrj generation.] 

go-nag'ra, go-na-tag'ra, go-nu-ag'ra. Gout in the 
knee or in the knee-joint. [< yovv knee+ dypa 
seizure.] 

go-nal'gi a. = Gonyalgia. 

gon'an-gi-ec'to-my. Surgical removal of the vas def¬ 
erens. 

gon-ar-thri'tis. Inflammation of the knee-joint; also 
of the knee. [< y 6 vv knee+ dpdpov joint.] 
gon-ar-throc'a-ce. A cancerous or ulcerated condi¬ 
tion of the knee-joint. 

gon*ar-thro-men-in-gi'tis. Inflammation of the 
synovial membrane of the knee-joint, 
gon-ar-throt'o-my. Surgical incision of the knee- 
joint. 

gon'e-cyst, gon-e-cys'tis. A seminal vesicle. [< 
yov^ semen + Kvariq bladder.] tgon-e-cys-ti'tis, 
inflammation of gonecysts, gon-e-cys'to-lith, a 
concretion in a seminal vesicle. gon-e-cys-ton'- 
cus, a tumor of a seminal vesicle. gon-e-cys'to- 
py-o'sis, suppurative gonecystitis; pus-formation 
in the seminal vesicles. 

gon-e-poi-e'sis. The secretion of semen, [< yovi/ 
semen + Tvoieiv to make.] tgon-e-poi-et'ic. 
gon'ic. Relating to semen or to generation, 
go-nid'ium, pi. gonid'ia. i. A component cell of 
the yellowish-green layer in certain lichens. 2, 
A term applied to various asexually produced re¬ 
productive bodies. [< 70P//semen.] 
go'ni-o-cra-ni-om'e-try. That branch of craniome¬ 
try which deals with the measurement of cranial 
angles. [< yuvia angle-f craniometry.] 
go-ni-om'e-ter. An instrument for measuring angles, 
especially craniometrical angles. [ < ycovia angle 
+ perpov measure.] fgo-ni-om'e-try. 
go'nion. In craniometry, the angle of the lower 
jaw, or a point on its outer aspect, [< yuvia 
angle.] 

go'ni-o-scope. An easily constructed form of oph- 
thalmotrope. [<iyo)via angle + ckotteIv to view. 
1 [ N. Y. Med. Jour. ’06.] 

go-ni'tis. Inflammation of the knee. [< y 6 vv knee.] 
gon'o-blast. Any cell concerned in reproduction 
of the species. [ < yovrj generation + jSXacTrdq 
germ.] 

go-noc'a-ce. White swelling of the knee. [ < ydvv 
knee +/cd«,7 evil.] 

gon'o-cele. i. Effusion of semen out of a ruptured 
seminal vesicle into the cellular texture. 2, A 
swelling of the testicle and the spermatic cord, 
from supposed retention of the semen. [ < yov/j 
semen + k/jM/ tumor.] 3. A swelling of the knee. 
[< ydvv knee.] 







GONOCHORISMUS 


390 


GOSSYPOSE 


gon*o-cho-ris'mus. The distinction of sex; the 
assumption of sexual characters by the embryo. 
[< ydvof sex + Afwp<(T//df removal.] 
gon-o-coc'cus, pi. -coc'ci. The organism which 
causes gonorrhoea; Micrococ'cus {Diplococ'cus or 
Neisse'ria) gonorrhcs' cb; Neisser’s gonococcus. 
It occurs almost always in form of a diplococcus, 
does not stain by Gram’s method, and can be 
cultivated. It was discovered by Albert Neisser 
in 1879. [< yovij semen 4- kokkoq berry.] tgon- 

o-coc-cae'mi a, the presence of gonococci in the 
blood, gon-o-coc'co-cide, gon'o-cide, any agent 
destructive to the gonococcus, 
gon'o-duct. A duct which conveys the sexual 
material to the outside of the body, 
go'noid. Resembling the semen. 

Gonol'obus. A genus of asclepiadaceous plants. 
The root of G. conduran'go has been used in 
cancer and that of G. macrophyl'lus (obli'quus) 
is cathartic. [< yuv'ia angle + 'Aoliog pod.] 
gon-o-po-e'sis. = Gonepoiesis. 
gon'or-rho-bleph-ar-rhoe'a. Gonorrhoeal inflamma¬ 
tion of, and discharge of purulent matter from, 
the eye and the eyelids, Ophthalmia. [< 
yovdppoia flow of semen + l 3 Xi<papov eyelid + peli> 
to flow.] 

gon-or-rhoe'a. A contagious, purulent or mucopu¬ 
rulent inflammation of the mucous membrane of 
the urethra or the vagina, due to infection with 
the GONOCOCCUS {Micrococ'cus gonorrhce'ce) ; blen- 
norrhoea; blennorrhagia; Tripper {Qer.)\ chaude 
pisse (Fr.) It is usually attended with pain and 
ardor urinae, has a tendency to become chronic 
gleet) and is often complicated with prosta¬ 
titis, cystitis, epididymitis, gonorrhceal rheuma¬ 
tism, endocarditis, salpingitis, and pelvic diseases. 
It may also be transferred to other mucous mem¬ 
branes as those of the eye. It is one of the most 
widespread and serious of infectious diseases. G. 
bal'ani, a purulent discharge from the surface of 
the entire glans penis, which is then in a highly 
inflamed and raw state. G. sic'ca, gonorrhcea in 
which there is no discharge. [ < yovrj semen -1- 
pelv to flow.] tgon-or-rhoe'al, as G. arthritis = 
G. rheumatism: G. bubo, js“BUbo: G. conjunc¬ 
tivitis =G. ophthalmia: G. macule, a purplish 
areola surrounding the orifice of the duct of Bar¬ 
tholin’s gland in vaginal gonorrhoea: G. oph¬ 
thalmia, an acute and severe form of ophthalmia 
due to infection with the gonococcus of. Neisser: 
G. rheumatism, a form of subacute inflammation, 
particularly of the kneesjoint, occurring in per¬ 
sons who have gonorrhoea, and believed to be 
due to a mild type of septic infection: G. salpin¬ 
gitis, a form of salpingitis due to infection with 
gpnococcv. G. syphilis, ^syphilis: G. urethritis, 
^urethritis: and G. war/= verruca acumi¬ 
nata. gon'or-rho-pros-ta-ti'tis, inflammation of 
the prostate gland produced by gonorrhoea. 
gon‘or-rhor-chi'tis, orchitis due to gonorrhoea, 
gon'o-san. A proprietary internal antigonorrhoeic. 
go-nos'che-o-cele. i. Swelling of the testicle, or of 
the epididymis, from accumulation of the semen. 
2. A cyst of the testis containing spermatozoa; 
spermatocele. [< yovi] semen + ocrjeop scrotum 
-f Krjlji tumor.] 

gon'o-somes. Reproductive zooids of flowers, 
gon-o-stro'ma. That portion of the lining of the 
graafian follicle which constitutes the proligerous 
disk and surrounds the mammalian ovum; the 
stratum proligerum of Baer, 
gon-o-tox-ae'mi a. Toxaemia due to gonorrhoea. 


gon-o-tox'in. A toxin produced by gonococci, 
gon-o-ze'mi a. Excessive discharge of semen, 
go-nu-ag'ra. =Gonagra. 

gon'y-. Relating to the knee: a combining form. 
[ < yovv knee.] gon-y-al'gi a, pain in the knee.— 
gon-y-ba'ti a, walking on the knees.— gon-y-cro- 
te'sis, genu valgum; knocksknee.— gon*y-ec-ty- 
po'sis, genu varum; bowsleg.— gon-y-o-camp'sis, 
abnormity of the curvature of the knees.— 
gon'y-o-cele, white swelling, or what has been 
called hernia of the knee; a chronic arthritis, 
usually tuberculous.— gon-y-on'cus, swelling or 
tumor of the knee. i^Gonyocele; hydrarth 
Rus.— gon-y-ty'le, callus of the knee. 

Good-ell’s' law. A rule for determining the pres¬ 
ence'of pregnancy: “ When the cervix is as hard 
as one’s nose, pregnancy does not exist; when it 
is as soft as one’s lips, pregnancy is probable.” 
Good'man’s method. An accurate clinical method 
of estimating albumin by titrating the urine into 
phosphotung^ic acid until cloudiness is produced. 
Good'yera pubes'cens. An orchidaceous plant, a 
native of Pennsylvania and other States; cancer* 
weed; poor robin’s plantain: popularly esteemed 
as an application to ulcers and sores. 
gOO'gul. ^ BaLSAMODENDRON MOOKUL. 
goose'berry. The popular name of several species 
of Ri'bes. When not fully ripe, the juice of this 
fruit is extremely sour ; the acid is chiefly citric. 
The fruit is diuretic and refrigerant, 
goose'sflesh. = Cutis anserina. G.sfoot = Cheno- 
PODIUM. G.sgrass, the plant Ga'hum apari'ne. 
G.sgrease, the fat of the goose: used in domestic 
medicine. G.=skin = cutis anserina. 

Gor'dius. i. The horseshair worm of the old 
writers. 2. A cuticular disease, when lodged under 
the skin, constituting the morbus pilaris of 
Horst and the malis a crinonibus of Sauvages. 
G. equi'nus = THELAziA rhodesi. G. medinen'- 
sis, ts- Guinea worm; Filaria. 

Gor'don’s splint. A splint for Colles’s fracture, 
gorgeret (gdr-jf-re). An instiniment to protect the 
finger of the surgeon in operating for fistula in ano. 
gorget (gor-je). A wide*grooved director for use in 
lithotomy or other operations upon the perineum; 
blunt gorget. Cutting g., an instrument for 
dividing the pro.state in lateral lithotomy. 
Gor'gon’s head. = Caput medusae. 
go-ron'dou. =Henpue. 
gos'co-pine. An alkaloid of opium. 

Gosselin’s fracture (gds-lahz). A V*shaped fracture 
of the distal end of the tibia extending into the 
ankle*joint. 

gossyp'ii cor'tex*. Cotton*root bark, the dried bark 
of the root of Gossyp'ium herba'ceum and of 
other cultivated species of Gossyp'ium ; gossypii 
radicis cortex of the 1890 U. S. P. It has been 
used as an emmenagogue and a diuretic. Dose, 
2 Gm. (30 grs.). tgos-syp'i-in, a resinoid or 
powdered precipitate from the strong tincture of 
cotton root. It is emmenagogue and diuretic. 
Dose 0.065 0.3 Gm. (i to 5 grs.). 

Gossyp'ium. “Cotton,” a genus of cotton*pro- 
ducing malvaceous plants. Cotton; oleum 
GOSSYPII SEMINIS*. G. purifica'tum*, “purified 
cotton,” absorbent cotton, the hairs of the seed 
of Gossyp'ium herba'ceum, and of other cultivated 
species of Gossy'pium, freed from adhering im¬ 
purities and deprived of fatty matter. It is used 
as a protective and absorbent dressing, and to 
soak up discharges, etc. Pyroxylinum*. 
gos-syp'ose. = Raffinose. 


GOTHIC PALATE 391 

Goth'ic palate. An unusually high palatal arch. 

Gottingen. See as if written Goettingen. 

Gott stein’s fibres. The external hairscells and the 
fine nervesfibres associated with them, forming 
part of the expansion of the auditory nerve in 
the cochlea. G.’s process, the attenuated basal 
extremity of the organ of Corti. 

gouge. A fluted chisel used in surgery for the re¬ 
moval of diseased bone. G. forceps, a cutting 
forceps with gouge=shaped blades. 

Goulard’s cerate (gfi-larz). =Ceratum plumbi 
suBACETATis*. G.’s extract or water = liquor 

PLUMBI SUBACETATIS*. 

Gould’s bowedshead sign. Bowing of the head low 
so as to bring the image of the ground upon the 
functional part of the retina: found in retinitis 
pigmentosa and other diseases which destroy the 
peripheral part of the retina. [ George M. Gould, 
an American ophthalmologist, 1848- .] G.’s 

diarrhoea mixture, a mixture of compound tinc¬ 
ture of rhubarb, i fl.oz.; tincture of opium, 4 fl. 
drs.; spirit of camphor, 2 fl. drs.; ammonia water, 

I fl. dr.; oil of peppermint, 30 mins. Dose, a tea¬ 
spoonful in hot sweetened water. 

Gou'ley’s catheter. A solid, curved, metallic instru¬ 
ment for passing through a stricture into the 
bladder. 

gound. The rheum or gum which sometimes col¬ 
lects in the corners 
of the eyes. 

goun'dou. Nodular hy¬ 
pertrophy of the na¬ 
sal process of the su¬ 
perior maxilla: a dis¬ 
ease of West Africa 
and Spanish Hondu¬ 
ras, probably identi¬ 
cal with HENPUE. [If 
J.A.M.A. j. ’09.] 

Gourand’s hernia (gd- 
ranz). Incomplete 
inguinal hernia. 

gourd'sworm. Dis¬ 

toma; FLUKE. 

Gousset’s symptom (gu-sSz). A welDdefined, pain¬ 
ful spot always present in phrenic neuralgia to 
the right of the fourth and fifth chondrostemal 
articulation: do not confound with the retro¬ 
sternal pain of chronic aortitis. 

gout. A nutritional disorder, one factor of which is 
an excess of uric acid in the blood; podagra. It 
is marked by painful inflammation of the joints, 
with the deposition of sodium urate in and 
around them, and generally attended with other 
constitutional symptoms. It usually affects first 
the great toe, the attack coming on suddenly in 
the night. It lasts about a week, and tends to 
recur at intervals. Latent g.; podagra; 
RETROCEDENT G. ; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. G.s 
stone, a stony concretion deposited in the 
affected part in gout. [ < F. goutte, fr. L. gut'ta, a 
drop.] tgout'y, as G. albuminuria, a form of albu¬ 
minuria, seen in elderly people, in which the urine 
is concentrated and contains an excess of urea: 

G. diathesis or habit, that peculiar constitution of 
body that predisposes to an attack of gout and 
is attributed to an excess of uric acid in the 
blood; uric acid diathesis: G. diet, a diet in¬ 
tended for gouty conditions in which sweet wines 
and beers are prohibited, and nitrogenous foods, 
such as meat, are restricted: G. iritis, iritis due 
to gout: G. kidney, nephritis, chronic, def. 


GRADUATED 

2: G. synovitis, gout in the joints: G. ulcer, a 
superficial ulcer over a gouty point: and G. 
urine, scanty urine of a high color containing 
abnormal quantities of uric acid. 

Gow'ers’s contraction. = Front«tap contraction. 
G.’s hasmoglobinometer, a simple, fairly accurate, 
and easily portable form of haemoglobinometer. 
G.’s solution, sodium sulphate, 104 grs.; acetic 
acid, I dr.; distilled water, 4 ozs.: for use with 
the haemoglobinometer. G.’s sjmiptom or sign, 
irregular oscillation of the iris under the influence 
of light: sometimes seen in tabes dorsalis. G.’s 
tract, the ascending anterolateral tract of the 
spinal cord. Its section is commasshaped, the 
head of the comma being in front of the crossed 
pyramidal and direct cerebellar tracts, the tail 
extending forward along the edge of the antero¬ 
lateral column. [ Sir William R. Gowers, an 
English physician, 1845- •] 

Goyrand’s hernia (gw^-rihz). = Gourand’s h. 

pl- S'fS- Abbr. for grain (L. gra'num). 
g^raafian follicles or vesicles (graf'i-an). Small 
spherical bodies to the number of about 35,000, 



Section of Cortex of Cat’s Ovary, exhibiting large 
Graafian follicle. — a. Peripheral zone of condensed 
stroma, b. Groups of immature follicles, c. Theca of 
follicle, d. Membrana granulosa, e. Discus prolige- 
rus. f. Zona pellucida. g. Vitellus. h. Germinal ves¬ 
icle. i. Germinal spot. k. Cavity of liquor folliculi. 
(Piersol.) 

found in the cortex of an ovary, each enclosing 
an ovum; folliculi oophori vesiculosi [ Graafi ]*. 
The mature graafian follicle at the time of rup¬ 
ture measures 8 to 19 mm. [Regnerus de Graaf, 
a Dutch anatomist, 1641-1673.] 
grac'ile. Slender. G. fasciculus, G. funiculus, 

FUNICULUS GRACILIS. G. nUCleUS = NUCLEUS 
GRACILIS. G. process = SLENDER PROCESS, 
grac'i-lis. i. A long, slender muscle of the inner 
part of the thigh, arising from the margin of the 
ischiopubic rami and inserted into the medial 
side of the shaft of the tibia. 2. A process of the 
malleus, an ossicle of the ear. [L., “ slender.”] 
gra-da'tim. By degrees. [L.] 

grad'u-ate. i. A person who has obtained, from 
a college or university, a professional degree 
as the degree of doctor. 2. In pharmacy, a 
beaker, or glass measure, marked or graduated 
by a system of transverse lines. [< L. gra'dus 
degree.] 

grad'u-a-ted. i. Divided into degrees, as a G. 
vessel. 2. Arranged in an ascending or a descend¬ 
ing series. 3. Performed by degrees or measured 
steps: said of operations. G. bath, a bath in 
which the patient is placed in warm water, which 
is gradually removed and cold water slowly added 
till the temperature is reduced to 20°C. (68® F.). 
G. compress, a compress composed of layers each 



Goundou, with coexisting 
Leontiasis. (Reeves.) 






GRAEFE’S KNIFE 


392 


GRANULASE 


of which is larger than the one beneath it, the 
smallest being at the point of application: used 
for exerting considerable pressure on a small area. 
There are three forms, pyramidal, prismatic, and 
semicuneiform. G. cone, a cone*shaped instrument 
with graduation marks upon it for measuring the 
calibre of vessels; a calibrator, G. cylinder, a tall 
cylindrical glass vessel having a series of trans¬ 
verse lines graduated on it: used in volumetric 
analysis. G. tenotomy, incomplete tenotomy. 
Graef'e’s knife. A slender knife for performing cat¬ 
aract operations. G.’s signor symptom, failure of 
the upper lid to follow the eyeball in looking down, 
thereby exposing an unusual scleral area above 
and to the sides of the cornea: seen in exophthal¬ 
mic goitre, but it may also occur in persons in 
good health. Deutsche Klinik, ’64.] G.’s 
spots, certain areas near the supra=orbital 
foramen or over the vertebrae, which upon 
pressure cause a sudden relaxation of the spasm 
of the eyelids in blepharofacial spasms. [A. von 
Graefe, a German ophthalmologist, 1828-1870.] 
graft. A slip of skin or other tissue transplanted 
to a part at which there is a defect of such tissue, 
with a view to its restoration, fgraft'ing. 
gra'ham bread. Bread made from unbolted wheat 
flour. [< Sylvester Graham, a lecturer on dietet¬ 
ics, 1799-1851.] vegetarianism. 

Gra'ham’s law. The law that the rate of diffusion 
of gases through a porous partition is inversely 
proportional to the square root of their densities. 
Grahe’s test (graVz). A test for cinchona barks 
containing alkaloids, made by heating a piece of 
the bark in atestrtube gradually to redness, when 
a red product is formed, condensing as an oily 
liquid on the sides of the tube, 
grain, i. A seed of wheat, barley, etc. G. alcohol 
= ALCOHOL, def. I. Gs. of paradise = Amo MUM 
GRANAsPARADisi. 2. The sixtieth part of a drachm; 
abbr. gr. 3. A small particle, as of sand, 
gram. = Gramme. 

-gram. A mark, print, trace, or record, as in opto¬ 
gram. 

gra'mi ae. = Glama. 

grammat'icae acataphasia. Misuse of words due to 
some braindesion. 

gramme. A weight in the metric system equal to 
15.432 grains troy: it is the weight of a millilitre 
of water at 4° C. G. equivalent, the quantity 
of an element which will chemically replace one 
gramme of hydrogen. [F.] 

Gram’s method. A method of staining bacteria, in 
which slides containing them are stained with gen¬ 
tian violet, placed in Gram’s solution, decolorized 
with alcohol, and washed with water. G.’s solu¬ 
tion, a solution of iodine, i part, and potassium 
iodide, 2 parts, in 300 parts of water: used as a 
stain for certain bacteria (Gram-f). When the 
bacteria are not stained, as is the case with the 
Gonococcus, the reaction is said to be negative, 
or the bacteria Gram^negative (Gram—). [< H. 

C. J. Gram, Danish physician, 1853- .] 

gra'na paradi'si. Amomum granasparadisi. G. 

tiglii, the seeds of Cro'ton tig'lium. 
gra-na'tum*. Pomegranate, the bark of the root 
and stem of Pu'nica grana'tum, which occurs in 
thin quills or fragments from two to four inches 
long. It is a vermifuge, and is reputed to be 
very efficacious against taeniae. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 
grs.). I®" Fluidextractum granati*; pelle- 
TIERIN.E TANNAS*; pelletierine. [L.] fgran'a- 
din, gran'a-tin = MANNiTE. 


Grancher’s disease (grah-shez). =Splenopneu- 
MONiA. G.’s sign, equality in pitch of the ex¬ 
piratory and inspiratory murmurs, a sign of pul¬ 
monary consolidation. G.’s triad, the three char¬ 
acteristic symptoms of incipient phthisis: (i) 
increased vocal fremitus, (2) weakened vesicular 
murmur, and (3) skodaic resonance, 
grand climacteric. (^Climacteric. 
grand mal (grah-mal). The full or typical attack 
of epilepsy; a typical epileptic fit; major epi¬ 
lepsy. [ F., “ great evil.”] 
gran'deur, delirium of. = Delirium grandiosum. 
gran-di-flo'rine. A toxic alkaloid from the fruit of 
Sola'num grandiflo'rum. 

gran'din. A substance found in the urine of preg¬ 
nant yromen. 

grand'mot-her cell. = Myeloblast. 
gran'do, pi. gran'dines, i. A small, hard tumor on 
the eyelid, supposed to resemble a hailstone; a 
chalazion, or meibomian cyst. 2. An enlarged 
mass of tubercle. [ L., “ hailstone.”] 

Grandry’s corpuscles (grah-driz). Merkel’s cor¬ 
puscles. 

gran'ny knot. A double knot in which the second 
tie is made in the same relative position as the 
first, so that the two loops do not lie in the same 
line: easily converted into a slip-knot, 
gran'u-lar. i. In the form of grains; of the nature 
or appearance of granulations; composed of 
grains. 2. Marked by granulations; cirrhosed. 
G. casts, renal casts consisting of dark bodies of 



Granular Casts or Casts Covered with Disinte¬ 
grating Epithelium and Granules. -^asts of this 
character are chiefly found in the chronic inflammatory 
forms of Bright’s disease. They are not seen in the 
acute complaint, except when it is assuming a chronic 
form. 

granular material, or masses of granular cells, 
formed by the degeneration of waxy and hyaline 
casts. G. conjunctivitis, o- trachoma. G. de¬ 
generation = cloudy SWELLING. G. formation 
of Meynert, the fourth stratum of the cerebral 
cortex. G. induration = CIRRHOSIS. G. kerati¬ 
tis, pannus. o" Keratitis. G. kidney, (^ne¬ 
phritis, CHRONIC, def. 2. G. lids = trachoma. 
G. membrane = memb RAN A granulosa. G. ova¬ 
rian cell = Drysdale’s CORPUSCLE. G. pharyn¬ 
gitis, PHARYNGITIS. G. trachoma, or tra¬ 
choma. G. vaginitis, o* vaginitis. [<L. gran'- 
ulum little grain.] 

gran'u-lase. An enzyme found in cereals which 
converts starch into maltose and achroodextrin. 



GRANULATED 


893 


GRAVITATION 


Rran'u-la-ted. Divided into grains; granular; cir¬ 
rhosed. G. liver, a granular cirrhotic liver, 
gran-u-la'tion. i. The division of metallic sub¬ 
stances into small particles, or grains, to facilitate 
their combination with other substances. 2. The 
process by which little, grainslike, conical, fleshy 
bodies form on ulcers and suppurating wounds, 
filling up the cavities, and bringing nearer to¬ 
gether and uniting their sides. 3. One of the 
bodies thus formed. 4. One of the small, round, 
shining masses of lymphoid tissue formed by new 
growth or by the growth of tissue already existing, 
especially in the conjunctiva (g. of the lids) and 
the pharynx (g. of the pharynx). G. sarcoma 
= MEDULLARY CANCER. G. stenosis, constriction 
or narrowing of a vessel or a passage due to the 
formation in it of granulations. G. tissue, the 
new tissue formed in the process of granulation 
and which ultimately forms the cicatrix. G. 
tumor = GRANULOMA, fgran'u-la-tlve. 
gran'ule. A little grain: a small particle; a small 
pill, orpillet. For specially named varieties see 
the adjectives G.scell. i. A variety of con- 
nective«tissue cell whose protoplasm is conspic¬ 
uously granular. 2. Any one of the small round 
cells, filled with oiDglobules, which are seen in 
areas of morbidly softened brain*tissue. Com¬ 
pound g.5cells = Gluge’s corpuscles. G.slayer. 
I. A layer of the cerebellar substance next the 
molecular or cortical layer. 2. One of the layers 
of the RETINA, G.smass, a giantscell. G.smasses 
of Schultze, Gs. of Schuitze= Schultze’s gran- 
ULEsMASSES. G.ssphercs, granular corpuscles with 
numerous pseudopodia found in the bodyscavity 
in company with lymph*corpuscles. 
gra-nu'li a, gran-u-li'tis. = Miliary tuberculosis. 
gran-u-lo'ma. A neoplasm made up of granulation 
tissue: often infectious and inoculable. G. annu- 
la're, a peculiar disorder intermediate between an 
inflammation and a neoplasm. It is marked by firm 
lesions, a very much thickened mucous layer, and 
the formation of reddish nodules, on the wrists, 
back of the hands, and neck, which develop slowly 
and form circles by confluence. G. fungoi'des = 
MYCOSIS FUNGOiDES. G. i'ridis, a Small non^malig- 
nant tumor of the iris composed of vascular sar¬ 
comatous tissue, -j-gran-u-lom'a-tous, as G. in¬ 
flammation, a variety of chronic inflammation in 
which there is formation of granulation tissue, 
which breaks down into small abscesses with the 
formation of fistulous tracts: seen usually in scrof¬ 
ulous or syphilitic persons, 
gran'u-lo-plasm. The granular portion of the retic¬ 
ulum of spongioplasm. 

gran'u-lose. The more soluble portion of common 
starch granules, forming layers alternating with 
the starchscellulose, 

gran-u-los'i-ty. A mass of small tubercles, 
gra'num, pi.-«a. = Grain. [L.] 

grape. The fruit of several species of Vi'tis. The 
cultivated grapes of the Old World are varieties 
of Vi'tis vinif'era, which afford important prod¬ 
ucts, namely, grapes, raisins, wine, brandy, 
cream of tartar, and vinegar. Gs. of Carswell 
= Carswell’s grapes. G.scure, a system of med¬ 
ical treatment in which the patient is confined 
wholly or chiefly to the use of grapes for both food 
and drink, G. disease = pearl disease. G.sfruit, 
a large variety of the shaddock; pomelo. G. 

oil = ETHYL PELARGONATE. G.sSUgar, GLUCOSE. 

-graph. A recording instrument, as in sphygmo- 
graph; sometimes =-gram. 


-graphy. A describing or a description, f-graphic. 
graph'ic method. A method of observing physical 
signs or physiological processes of the heart by 
means of a selfsregistering instrument, such, for 
example, as the sphygmograph. 
graph'ite. A form of native carbon, known also as 
black lead and plumbago. It is much used in the 
arts. In medicine it has been employed in some 
skin diseases. Its homoepathic triturations are 
also much prescribed. [F., fr. ypd^eiv to write.] 
graph-it'ic acid. =Mellitic acid. 
graph'o-. Relating to writing: a combining form. 
[ < ■ypd(j)etv to write.] graph-ol'o-gy, the study of 
handwriting as applied to the diagnosis of nerve 
and brain diseases.— graph-o-ma'ni a, a morbid 
desire or impulse to write.— graph-o-mo'tor, 
relating to the movements which are concerned 
in writing. — graph-or-rhoe'a = scribomania. — 
graph'o-scope, a peculiar convex lens for the treat¬ 
ment of asthenopia and progressive myopia.— 
graph'o-spasm = writers’ cramp. 

Grash'ey’s aphasia. ^Aphasia. 
grat'ing. Diffraction grating. 

Grati'ola officina'lis. The hedge*hyssop, a scroph- 
ulariaceous plant, a native of Europe. It is a 
drastic cathartic and emetic, possessing also diu¬ 
retic properties. It is employed in Europe as a 
remedy for dropsy, jaundice, etc. Dose of the 
powdered herb, i to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grs.), of the 
infusion, 15 Cc. fl. oz.). It yields the glu co¬ 
sides gra-ti'o-lin, C20H24O7, and gra-ti-o-so'lin, 

^ 46 ^ 84025 - 

Gratiolet’s angle (gra-ti-o-lez). =Coronofacial 

ANGLE. 

grattage (gra-tazh). Removal of a growth by fric¬ 
tion with a stiff brush; grating; raclage. [F.] 
grave, i. Serious, as a G. disease. 2. Having a low 
pitch: said of sounds. [< L. gra'vis.^ 
gra-ve'do. Cold in the head, particularly when 
accompanied by frontal headache, 
grav'el. A popular term applied either to calcu¬ 
lous matter formed in the kidneys, passing off in 
the urine, or to small distinct calculi or concre¬ 
tions. It is distinguished from stone in tht 
bladder hy he\ng of smaller size. ^Calculus. 
G.sroot. I. The plant Eupato'rium purpu'reum 
and its root; joepye=weed; hollowsweed; trum- 
pet=weed. 2, The plant Collinso'nia canaden'sis 
and its root. 

grav'e-o-lent. Strong^scented; having a smell which 
is unpleasant because of its intensity or strength. 
Graves’s disease. = Exophthalmic goitre. G.’s 
sign, increased systolic impulse: often noted in 
the early stages of pericarditis. [< Robert James 
Graves, Irish physician, 1797-1853.] 
grave'swax. =Adipocere. 
grav'i-din. =Cyophorin. 

gra-vid'i-ty, grav'i-dism. The condition of a woman 
who is pregnant; gestation; pregnancy. [< L. 
grav'idus pregnant.] fgrav'id, as G. uterus, the 
uterus during gestation. 

gra-vim'e-ter. An instrument for ascertaining the 
specific gravity of bodies; araeometer; hydrom¬ 
eter. [< L. gra'vis heavy -t-//frpov measure.] 
fgrav-i-met'ric, as G. analysis, quantitative anal¬ 
ysis performed by weighing, 
grav-i-stat'ic. Due to gravitation: said of a certain 
form of congestion. 

grav-i-ta'tion. That power or tendency by which 
all material bodies are drawn toward each other, 
or by which a stone or other body on the surface 
of the earth is drawn toward the centre- 


GRAVITY 


394 


GRISOLLE’S SIGN 


grav'i-ty. The cause or power by which bodies 
naturally tend towards the centre of the earth; 
weight. G.scell, a galvanicsbattery cell in which 
the two fluids are kept separated by the force of 
gravity on account of their differing densities. 
G.spad, lead wrapped in gauze and placed over 
the abdominal cavity. Specific g., specific. 

Gra'witz’s tumor. An overgrowth in the kidneys 
substance of fetal inclusions of the glandular 
tissue of the suprarenal gland: formerly known 
as adenoma of the kidney. 

gray. Of a color between black and white. G. 
atrophy = G. degeneration. Basal g. commis¬ 
sure, BASAL. G. commissure = coMMissuRA 
POSTERIOR ciNEREA. G. degeneration, degenera¬ 
tion of the white matter of the cord, in which it 
becomes gray in color through loss of myelin. 
G. granulations of Bayle = Bayle’s granula¬ 
tions. G. hepatization, fs- hepatization. G. 
infiltration, a condition of the lungs seen after 
death from acute tuberculosis, in which the lungs 
are of an ash*gray color. G. lamina = lamina 
CINEREA. G. matter, that portion of the matter 
of the central nervous system which has a gray 
color and contains the nerve=cells; the cortical 
substance of the cerebrum and the cerebellum. G. 
matter of Soemmering, the locus niger of the cins 
cerebri. G. nervesfibres, nonsmedullated nerve* 
fibres. G. oil, a preparation of mercury, lanolin, 
and olive oil. It has been used hypodermically 
in syphilis. G. plate, the lamina cinerea. G. 
powder, a popular name for hydrargyrum cum 
creta. G. ramus communicans = revehent 
NERVE. G. root, the middle root of the olfactory 
nerve. G. softening, inflammatory softening of 
nervous tissue in which the parts have become 
gray from absorption of fat. G. substance = G. 
MATTER. G. tubercle, cf-tubercle, def. 2. G. 
tubercle of Rolando, a mass of gray matter 
formed by the expansion of the substantia gelat- 
inosa in the medulla, forming a prominence on 
the posterior surface of the latter. 

grease. = Horsespox. 

great. Large. G. brain, the cerebrum. G. com¬ 
missure, the corpus callosum of the brain. G. 
ganglion, the superior cardiac ganglion. G. 
omentum, is- omentum. G. pox, syphilis, as dis¬ 
tinguished from smallpox. G. serratus = SERRA- 
Tus MAGNUS. G. Sympathetic nerve — tri- 
sPLANCHNic NERVE. G. toe phenomenon = Ba- 
BINSKl’S PHENOMENON. 

great'er circulation. = Systemic circulation. G. 
curvature of the stomach, is -curvature of the 
STOMACH. G. tuberosity of the humerus = tuber- 
CULUM MAjus*. G. wings of the sphenoid, two 
strong wingdike processes arising from the sides 
of the body of the sphenoid bone, and curving 
upward, outward, and backward; the alae magnae; 
alisphenoids. 

green. i. A secondary color produced by the 
union of blue and yellow. 2. A green dye, as 
Brunswick green, Iodine green, Paris green. G.s 
blindness, partial colorsblindness in which green 
is not distinguished. G. brier, the Smi'lax rotun- 
difo'lia, or cat*brier: said to be diuretic, altera¬ 
tive, and demulcent. G. cancer = chloroma. 
G. cataract, a greenish reflex seen in glaucoma. 
G. extract, an extract made from a plant while it 
is yet green, i. e., before it is dried. G.=heart, is- 
BEBEERu; Nectandra. G. hellebore, Vera'trum 
vir'ide. G. milk, is- colostrum. G. protective = 
PROTECTIVE, def. 2. G. sickness = CHLOROSIS. 


G. soap = SAPO MOLLIS*. G. softening, an absces.s 
in nervous substance containing a greenish pus. 
G. sputum, sputum of a green color due to the 
oxidation of the haemoglobin in bloody sputum; 
seen in pneumonia. G. sweat, a greenish sweat¬ 
ing often observed among workers in copper. G. 
verditer, is-verditer. G. vitriol, ferrous sul¬ 
phate. G. waters, the catamenia when of a dark, 
dirty*greenish aspect. 

Greene’s (C. L.) percussion sign. In pleuritic effu¬ 
sion, there is a displacement outward of the free 
cardiac border by the expiratory movement, 
when it is percussed during full inspiration and 
again during forced inspiration, the patient either 
sitting or standing. 

green^stick fracture. An incomplete fracture of a 
bone, one side being broken and separated while 
the other is bent and hangs together, 
gref'fo-tome. An instrument for cutting grafts of 
tissue. JjC F. grejfe graft + roiiij cutting.] 
Gregari'na, pi. -nee. A genus of protozoa, parasitic, 
but probably not on man. It is believed that 
the so*called gregarines reported to infest the 
human hair, and others reported to exist in the 
human lungs, are in neither case true gregarines. 
•j-greg-a-ri-no'sis, the condition produced by the 
presence of Gregari'nce. 

Greg'o-ry’s powder. =Pulvis rhei compositus*. 
Grenet cell (gre-ne). A onesfluid battery cell, in 
which the fluid is a solution of potassium di¬ 
chromate, and the plates zinc and carbon. 
Grew'ia. A genus of tiliaceous shrubs and trees 
found in the tropical parts of the Old World. G. 
mic'rocos and G. orienta'lis afford valuable medi¬ 
cines. [< N. Grew, 1628-1711.] 
grid'i-ron operation. [Tf J. A. M. A. j. ’09.] 
Grie'sing-er’s disease. = Cachexia aquosa. G.’s 
sign, thrombosis of the transverse sinus causes 
oedematous swelling behind the mastoid process. 
Griess’s test. A test for nitrites in the saliva 
made by diluting saliva with five parts of water 
and adding a few drops of sulphuric acid and a 
few drops of metadiamidobenzol, when a yellow 
color will be produced. 

griffe des orteils (giif dez dr-t^-i). =Claw*foot. 

[F., “claw of the toes.”] 
grif'fin hand. = Claw*hand. 

Griffith’s mixture. =Mistura ferri composita*. 
Grinde'lia*. r. A genus of composite plants. 2. 
The U. S. P. name for the dried leaves and 
flowering tops of G. robus'ta. It is a valuable 
remedy for asthma and bronchitis, and is anti- 
spasmodic. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). Fluidex- 
TRACTUM GRiNDELivE* is much uscd in the treat¬ 
ment of ivy poisoning. G. squarro'sa has similar 
qualities, and is also antiperiodic. 
grind'er. A molar tooth. 

grind'ers’ disease, phthisis, asthma, or rot. A lung 
disease affecting grinders (as of edge*tools, etc.), 
and due to the inhalation of metallic or other 
fine particles of dust, i^ Pneumoconiosis. 
grin'ning muscle. = Levator anguli oris. 
gripes. The vulgar name for colic, 
grippe. = Influenza. [F.] tgnp'pal, as 6^. 
monia, influenzal pneumonia, grip-po-tox'in, in¬ 
fluenzal toxin. 

gris'er-in. An antiseptic derivative of chinoline. 
Grisolle’s sign (gri-zolz). A sign for diagnosing 
smallpox, obtained by stretching a portion of 
the skin affected with papules, when if the 
papules are still felt while the skin is drawn tight 
the eruption is that of smallpox. 


GRISSOLLE’S PILLS 


395 


GUAETHOL 


Grissolle’s pills (grt-solz). Pills for incontinence of 
urine, made from alcoholic extract of nux 
vomica, 4 grs.; iron phosphate, 46 grs.; extract of 
quassia, 31 grs.; extract of gentian, enough to 
make twenty*five pills. Dose, one pill three 
times a day. 

gristle (grfs'l). = Cartilage. 

Grit'ti’s amputation or operation. Amputation of 
the leg at the knee, in which the femur is sawn 
through above the condyles and the surface cov¬ 
ered by an anterior flap, the patella, the pos¬ 
terior surface of which is itself sawn off, being 
retained and brought in contact with the cut sur¬ 
face of the femur. 

groats. The decorticated grains of the common 
oat or of wheat. 

Groc'co’s sign or triangle. In pleural effusion on one 
side, a triangular area of dulness over the back of 
the opposite side of the thorax; paravertebral tri¬ 
angle. The inner line of this triangle runs 
along the spine, the lower line coincides with the 
lower margin of the thoracic resonance for 3 to 7 
cm. and the outer line of the triangle follows an 
oblique line, uniting at an acute angle with the 
first line, on a level with the top of the effusion. 
The dulness is always more pronounced when 
the effusion is on the right side and the sign is 
best elicited with the patient in a sitting position. 

gro'cers’ itch. A peculiar form of eczema due to 
irritation from flour, sugar, etc. 

groin. The lower and lateral part of the abdomen, 
just above the thigh. r®-LoiN. 

grom'met. A ring of rubber tubing, rope, or other 
material, in which a roundsbottomed dish or flask 
may be placed to prevent its upsetting. 

groove. A channel or furrow; sulcus*. For spe¬ 
cially named varieties seethe adjectives, ^grooved. 

gross anatomy. Anatomy of the macroscopic parts 
and tissues. G. appearances, the aspect of any 
diseased tissue when the microscope is not em¬ 
ployed in examining it. G. lesion = macro- 
scoPiCAL LESION. G. pathology, the macroscopic 
pathology of a disease or organ or conditions read¬ 
ily seen with the naked eye. 

Gross'mann’s operation. Treatment of retinal de¬ 
tachment by withdrawal of the subretinal fluid 
and the slow injection of warm salt solution into 
the vitreous. ’06.] 

Gross’s disease. = Encysted rectum. G.’s pills 

= PILULE ANTINEURALGIC.E. 

gros'su-lin. A compound, similar to pectin, occur¬ 
ring in certain fruits, such as the gooseberry, 
Ri'bes grossula'ria. 

ground. The bottom; earth; soil. G.sbundle, 
either of two portions of the anterolateral tract 
of the spinal cord, distinguished as anterior, or 
that portion lying between tlie direct pyramidal 
tract (Turck’s column) and the anterior roots 
fibres, and lateral, or that part of the lateral 
column included between the horns and sides of 
the gray matter. G.sglass opacity, opacity of the 
cornea in which its whole thickness becomes hazy 
and has the appearance of ground glass. G.sitch, 
an affection of the skin of the lower extremities, 
probably always associated with the presence 
of the larvae of Ankylos'toma duodena'le: endemic 
in Assam and the West Indies. ^Ankylosto¬ 
miasis; COOLIE ITCH. G. ivy=GLECHOMA HEDE- 
RACEA. G.snut, the fruit of Ar'achis hypogce'a, a 
leguminous plant cultivated in the Southern Uni¬ 
ted States: peanut. From it is expressed a fixed 
oil {Ground^^nut oil) which is substituted for oliv'^ 


oil and is extensively used in the arts. G.spine 
= Ajuga cham/epitys. G.=plate, the stratum of 
groundssubstance. G.splexus, a wide^meshed 
interlacing plexus formed by naked nerve*fibrillae 
which constitute the terminations of sensory 
nerves. G.ssquirrel, a rodent the fleas of which 
may carry plague bacilli. G.=substance, the homo¬ 
geneous substance or tissue in which the cells and 
fibres of the connective tissue are embedded, 
group. A collection; an assemblage of objects, 
organisms, or symptoms associated or connected 
by certain analogies or affinities. G. agglutinin, 
agglutinin. G. typhoid, typhoid fever affect¬ 
ing several persons in the same district or family, 
all the patients being similarly affected, 
grouse disease. An infectious disease of grouse 
caused by a microbe of the Bacil'lus co'li group, 
and characterized by congestion of the lungs, 
necrotic areas of the liver, and patchy redness 
of the intestines. 

Grove cell. A two^fluid battery cell, having as 
fluids dilute sulphuric acid with a zinc plate in 
it and dilute nitric acid with a platinum plate, 
grow'ing pains. Rheumatic or neuralgic pains in 
the limbs of young persons, 
growth. I. Increase or augmentation of the body 
in all parts, without reference to the peculiar 
structure or function, and so distinct from, though 
newcXy connected'With., development. 2. A morbid 
tissue; a neoplasm; a tumor, 
grub. = Comedo. 

Gru'bersDur'ham’s or Gru'ber’s reaction. =Widal's 
reaction. 

Gru'ber’s bougies. Bougies of medicated gelatin for 
use in the auditory meatus. 

Grueb'ber’s tumor. A prominent swelling over the 
wrist, sometimes seen in lead^poisoning. 
gru'el. A decoction of oat*meal or corn*meal boiled 
down to a pasty consistence. 

Gruening’s magnet (griin'ingz). A magnet com¬ 
posed of several rods, used for removing steel 
and iron particles from the eye. 
gruffs (grufs). The coarse part of any drug; that 
which will not go through the drugsgrinder’s sieve, 
gru'mus, grume. A clot of milk or of blood; a curd; 

thick fluid, as pus. fgru'mous, gru'mose. 
gru'tum. A small tubercle of the skin caused by 
retention of secretion in a sebaceous gland. 
Tubercle, miliary. 

gry-po'sis. A curvature, as of the nails or fingers. 

ypVTTCiGLQ.'] 

Gtt. Abbr. for L. gut'ta, a drop, or gut'tcB, drops, 
gua-cam'phol. Guaiacol camphorate: used in the 
night*sweats of phthisis. Dose, 0.2 to i Gm. 
(3 to 15 grs.). 

guachamaca (gw 4 -tsha-ma'ca). A highly poisonous 
Venezuelan plant, Malone'tia nit'ida. It yields 
the alkaloid gua-cha-ma'cine, which is probably 
identical with curarine. [Sp.] 
gua'chol. An analgesic alkaloid derived from Aris- 
TOLOCHiA CYMBIFERA, recommended in painful 
neuralgic affections. 

gua'co. The Central and South American name for 
several plants regarded as efficacious against the 
bites of venomous serpents, especially Alika'nia 
gua'co. Internally it is a febrifuge and tsenia- 
fuge. The leaves are the part used. Another 
sort of guaco is obtained from Aristoto'cnia gua'co 
tgua'cin, a bitter principle from gnaco. It is 
diaphoretic, emetic, and stimulant, 
gua'e-thol. Pyrocatechin mono*ethyl ester, an oily 
liquid used like thymol; ajacol; guaiacol*ethyl. 


GUAIAC 


396 GUINEA GRAINS 


guai'ac. =Guaiacum*. G. mixture = tinctura 
ANTACR iDA, G. lesin, Guaiacum*. G. test, 
i^Almen’s test. G. wood = guaiaci lignum. 
G. yellow, a yellow crystalline pigment from 
guaiac. 

guai'aci lig'num. Guaiacum wood, the 1890 U.S.P. 
name for the heartswood of Guai'acum officina'le 
and of G. sanc'tum, popularly called lignum vitce 
(“wood of life’’). It is a stimulant diaphoretic, and 
is principally used in cases of secondary syphilis 
and other diseases dependent on a vitiated con¬ 
dition of the system. Dose, i to 4 Gm. to i dr.). 
G. resi'na, the 1890 U. vS. P. name for guaiacum*. 
tguai-as'ic acid, a colorless crystalline substance, 
CjjHjyOg, obtained from guaiacum wood and from 
the resin, guai'a-cin, a resinoid principle found 
in guaiac. It differs from most resins by yielding 
oxalic acid on oxidation instead of tannin, 
guai'a-col*. One of the chief constituents, CgH^- 
(0H)(0CH3) [i: 2] of creosote, the product from 
beechwood=tar, obtained by collecting and puri¬ 
fying the fraction of creosote boiling between 
200° and 205° C. (392° and 401° F.); or prepared 
synthetically. It is also known as methylpyro- 
catechin, monomethyl catechol, and methyl ester 
of protocatechin. It is antiseptic, and is used as 
a substitute for creosote in phthisis. Dose, 0.5 
Cc. (8 mins.). G. cacodylate = cacodyliacol. 
G. camphorate = GUACAMPHOL. G. carbonate = 
GUAiAcoLis CARBONAs*. G. cinnamate = STYRA- 
COL. G.sethyl = GUAETHOL. G. glycerylether = 
GUAiAMAR. G.ssalol, white crystals:, used as an 
intestinal antiseptic, antirheumatic, etc. Dose, 

I Gm. (15 grs.). G. valerate, an oily liquid; geo- 
sote: used in pulmonary affections. Dose, 0.2 
Cc. (3 mins.), tguai-ac'o-late. 
guaiaco'lis car'bonas*. Guaiacol carbonate, (C^H^- 
0)2063, formed by the action of carbonyl chloride 
on sodium guaiacolate. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
guai-a-con'ic acid. A light thrown amorphous com¬ 
pound, Cj9H2q 05, contained in guaiac resin. 
Guai'acum*. i. A genus of zygophyllaceous trees 
of South America and the West Indies. 2. The 
U. S. P. name for the resin of the wood of G. 
officina'le or of G. sanc'tum', guaiaci resina of 
the 1890 U. S. P. It is alterative and stimulant, 
and is used in rheumatism. Dose, i Gm. (15 
grs.). k^Tinctura guaiaci*; tinctura guai¬ 
aci AMMONIATA*. G. test, K^AlMEN’S TEST, 
guai'a-form. = Methylenediguaiacol. 
guai'a-mar. The monoguaiacol ester of glycerin; 
oresol; oreson: said to liberate guaiacol both in 
the stomach and in the intestinal tract and when 
applied to the skin. Dose, 0.3 to 1.3 Gm. (5 to 
20 grs.) ; locally in 25% ointment, 
guai-a-ret'ic acid. A crystalline substance, CggHog- 
O4, from GUAIACUM*. 
gua-jas'a-nol. = Gujasanol. 

guan-am'ine. Any one of a group of acid prin¬ 
ciples derivable from the compounds of the fatty 
acids with typical guanidine, 
gua'nase. A deamidizing enzyme changing guan¬ 
ine into XANTHINE. 

gua'ni-dine. A poisonous base, CN3H5, resulting 
from the decomposition of guanine, 
gua’ni-do'a-ce'tic acid. = Glycocyamine. 
gua'nine. A non=poisonous base from nuclein, 
2samino=6soxypurin, from guano, 
gua'no. The excrement of seasfowl, usually de¬ 
posited on small islands and cliffs near the coast. 
It is rich in ammonia and has been used with 
benefit, internally and externally, as a remedy 


in different forms of lepra. [Peruvian huanu 

dung-] 

gua-ra'na*. A dried paste consisting chiefly of 
the crushed seeds of Paullin'ia cupa'na, yielding 
when assayed by the U. S. P. method of assay 
not less than 3.5% of its alkaloidal principles. It 
is tonic, and is used as a remedy for migraine and 
other diseases. In Brazil, Costa Rica, etc., 
it is used as a nervous stimulant and as a 
material for making a refreshing beverage. 
Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). &■ Fluidextractum 
GUARANI*. fgua-ra'nine, an alkaloid, CgH,,,- 
N4O2, from guarana, resembling theine, and by 
some regarded as identical with caffeine. 

guard'scells. Peculiar endothelial cells lining the 
>tomata of serous membranes, and regulating the 
size of the stomata. 

Guare'a. A genus of meliaceous trees. The roots 
and bark of G. cathar'tica and G. pur'gans are 
drastic purgatives. The bark of G. spicceflo'ra is 
bitter, astringent, and anthelmintic. G. swart'zi 
grows in the West Indies. Its bark, called coc- 
cillana, is purgative and emetic. 

Guar-ni-e'ri’s vaccine=bodies. =Cytorrhyctes 

VARIOLA. 

gua-tan'nin. A combination of guaiacol with tan¬ 
nic acid and cinnamylic acid; used in phthisis. 

gua'va. The fruit of several species of Psid'ium, 
trees or shrubs of the order Myrta'cece. The 
leaves of Psid'ium pyrij'erum, the common guava, 
are styptic and astringent. 

guay-cu'ra. =Baycuru. 

gu-ber-nac'u-lum. Something which guides or 
directs. G. den'tis, a long pedicle connecting the 
permanent dental sac of the embryo with the 
gum. G. tes'tis [ Hun'teri]*, a fibromuscular 
cord between the epididymis and the bottom of 
the scrotum in the foetus: so named because it is 
supposed to guide the testicle in its descent from 
the abdomen. [< L., “ rudder.’’] fgu-ber-nac'u- 
lar, as G. canals, four small openings seen in 
young skulls, one behind each incisor tooth. 

Gub'ler’s line. A line joining the points of origin 
of the fifth nerve roots. It indicates the position 
of the decussation of the fibres of the facial 
nerve. G.'s paralysis, alternate hemiplegia. 
G.’s tumor, a prominent enlargement on the back 
of the wrist, sometimes seen in lead=poisoning. 

Gud'den’s commissure. The inner and upper fibres 
of the optic tract; arcuate commissure. G.’s 
ganglion, a ganglion in the cephalodorsal part of 
the mammillary body of the brain. G.’s law, the 
law that a lesion of the cortex does not cause a 
lesion of the peripheral nerves. 

Guel'pa treatment. The treatment of gout, dia¬ 
betes and other auto=intoxications by fasting, 
with purgation. 

Guerin’s gland (ge-rafiz). = Skene’s gland. G.’s 
method, a method of dressing the stump after 
amputation by encasing it in a mass of cotton. 
G.’s sinus = LACUNA magna. 

Guettard’s miliary gland (ge-tarz). A stoma. 

Guidi’s canal (gwi'diz). = Vidian canal. 

Guignet’s green (gin-yez). A green pigment ob¬ 
tained from potassium dichromate and boric acid. 

guillotine (giTo-tin). A cutting instrument used 
mainly for the removal of portions of the ton¬ 
sil, uvula, etc.: its blade moves in a frame. 

Guinea grains (gm'i). Another name for Mala- 
guetta pepper, Amomum granasparadisi. G. 
pepper = Capsicum annuum. G. worm, a worm, 
Fila'ria medinen'sis, found chiefly in the East 


GUTTA 


GUJASANOL 397 . 


and West Indies. It is, on the average, about 
30 ins. long, and about the thickness of a horse* 
hair: it burrows under the cuticle, especially of 
the naked feet, and 
“ may be felt under the 
skin, and traced by the 
fingers like the string of 
a violin.” 

gu-jas'a-nol. The hydro¬ 
chloride of diethylglyco- 
collguaiacol: antiseptic 
and anaesthetic. Dose, 

2 Gm. (30 grs.); locally 
in o.i to 2% solution, 
gu'la. The oesophagus, or 
gullet; popularly, the 
throat. [L.] fgu'lar, 

Gul'land’s solution. A 
mixture of absolute al¬ 
cohol, 25 Cc.; ether, 25 
Cc.; and of a 20% al¬ 
coholic solution of cor¬ 
rosive sublimate, 0.4 Cc. 
gul'let. The oesophagus. 

Gull’s disease. Myxoedema 
of adults. 

GullsToyn'bee’s law. 

= Toynbee’s law. 
gum. A mucilaginous 
liquid exuding from 
plants and hardening in 
the air into an amor¬ 
phous mass more or less 

soluble in water. The gums are used in phar¬ 
macy as material for troches and pills. They are 
also used in the manufacture of confectionery and 
mucilage. For specially named varieties see the 
adjectives. G. anime = ANiME. G. arabic = 
ACACIA*, def. 2. G. dragon, a vulgar name for 
TRAGACANTHA*. G. clastic, caoutchouc. G. juni- 



Guinea Worm. —a. Gen¬ 
eral anatomy of embryo 
worm. b. Cyclops show¬ 
ing entry of a Guinea 
worm embryo on left. 
(Wenyon.) 


per, 


a concrete resin which exudes in white tears 


from Junip'erus commu'nis. G.splant, a popular 
name for plants of the genus Grinde'lia. G.sresin, 
the concrete milky juice of certain plants, con¬ 
sisting of resin, essential oil, gum, and extractive 
vegetable matter: used as a stimulant. G. traga- 
canth, TRAGACANTHA*. G.strce, the Eucalyp'- 
tus. The Nys'sa multiflo'ra is called sour gum, 
and the Liquidam'har is called sweet gum. [ < L. 
gum'mi gum.] 

gum. = Gingiva*. G.sboil, an inflammation, 
abscess, or boil of the gums; parulis. G.slancet, 
a lancet with a hatchet ^shaped cutting edge. G. 
rash = STROPHULUS. G.steeth, in dentistry, arti¬ 
ficial teeth in which the porcelain gum extends 
above the crown. [ < A. S. goma palate.] 
gum'ma, pi. gum'mata. A soft tumor, sometimes 
tuberculous, but commonly seen in the tertiary 
stage of syphilis, containing a gelatinous or 
gummy material. Scrofulous g., a gumma con¬ 
taining tuberculous matter. fgum'ma-tous, as 
G. hepatitis, gumma*like infiltration of the liver: 
G. osteitis, a form of chronic osteitis associated 
with syphilis: G. osteomyelitis, osteomyelitis: 

G. = TUBERCULAR SCROFULODERM : 

and G. tumor, a gumma of syphilitic origin, 
gum'mi. =Gum. [L.] 

gum'mic acid. i. = Arab in. 2. A compound, 
CgHioOio, formed during the oxidation of glucose 
by Fehling’s solution: said to be impure tar- 
tronic acid. G. fermentation = viscous fermen¬ 
tation. 


gum'my. i. Resembling gum. 2. Gummatous. 
gun'=cot-ton. An explosive substance prepared by 
steeping cotton in a mixture of sulphuric and 
nitric acids; pyroxylin; trinitrocellulose, 
gun'du. = Goundon. 

gune. A tropical skin disease due to the Tin'ea 
imbrica'ta. 

gun'jah. The dried fruit of Cannabis indica. 
gun'smet-al. An alloy of copper (9) and tin (i). 
gun'shot injury. An injury, such as a fracture or 
wound, caused by the discharge of a gun. 
gun'stock deformity. Deformity in which the fore¬ 
arm when extended forms an angle with the 
arm, due to fracture of either condyle. 
Giinz'burg’s test.. A delicate test for free hydrochloric 
acid in the gastric juice, made by adding to a few 
drops of the juice in an evaporating dish a drop 
of a reagent consisting of 2 parts phloroglucin, i 
part vanillin, and 30 parts absolute alcohol, and 
warming, when a red color is produced if free 
mineral acid is present. 

gurg'ling rale. A physical sign heard on ausculta¬ 
tion of the chest or abdomen when gas and fluid 
are within a cavity, whether normal or abnormal, 
gur'jun balsam. A balsam or oleoresin obtained 
from Dipterocar'pus Ice'vis, a tree found in Pegu 
and Farther India. It is an excellent substitute 
for copaiba, and has proved palliative, and even 
curative, in some cases of leprosy. Dose, 0.65 
to 3.25 Cc. (10 to 50 mins.). The resinous por¬ 
tion yields gur-jun'ic acid, C22H34O4. 
Gus'sen-bau-er’s suture. A figuresof*8 suture for 
a rent in the intestine. 

gus-ta'tion. The act of tasting; the exercise of 
taste. [< L. gusta're to taste.] 
gus'ta-to-ry, gus'ta-tive. Belonging to the sense of 
taste. G. anaesthesia, loss of the sense of taste. 
G. artery, a branch of the inferior dental artery 
supplying the lingual nerve, and therefore some¬ 
times called Lingual artery. G. bulbs = taste* 
BUDS. G. cells = TASTE*CELLS. G. Centre, a 
centre in the cortex of the uncinate convolution, 
believed to control the sense of taste. G. hyper- 
aesthesia = hypergeusia. G. lobe, physio¬ 
logical LOBES. G. nerve, i. A branch of the 
inferior maxillary nerve distributed to the coni¬ 
cal and fungiform papillae, the mucous membrane 
of the anterior two*thirds of the tongue, and the 
mucous membrane of the mouth. 2. The lingual 
branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve, which is 
the particular nerve of taste. G. papillae, any 
one of the papillae supplied with taste*buds. G. 
pore, an opening through the superficial epithe¬ 
lium at the distal end of a taste*bud. G. region, 
the portions of the tongue, soft palate, and fauces 
that are supplied by the gustatory nerve. [< 
L. gusta're to taste.] 
gut. = Intestine. 

Guth'rie’s muscle. The deep transversus perinaei 
muscle. 

Gutt. Abbr. for L. gut'tce drops, 
gut'ta, pi. -tcB. I. A drop; a minute spherical mass 
of liquid. i®*Drop. 2. A minim, or the sixtieth 
part of a fluidrachm. G. anody'na, a solution of 
morphine acetate. G. ni'gra = acetum opii*. G. 
opa'ca, the disease called cataract, as distin¬ 
guished from GUTTA SERENA. Gut'tae pectora'les 
= TiNCTURA PECTORALis. G. rosa'cea or ro'sea = 
ACNE ROSACEA. G. sere'ua, “ drop serene,” a 
name for amaurosis, in which, the disease being 
in the retina and not in the lens or the humors 
of the eye, this organ appears clear and natural. 










GUTTAsPERCHA 


398 


GYRUS 


guftasper'cha. The concrete milky juice of Isonan'- 
dra gut'ta or Dichop'sis gut'ta, a sapotaceous tree 
found in Malacca, Borneo, etc. At ordinary 
temperatures it is tough, tenacious, and inelastic. 
Gutta»percha is a non* 
conductor of electricity 
and of caloric. Its power 
of supporting a certain 
elevation of temperature 
without alteration of form, 
renders it very useful in 
medicine and surgery. It 
is used in surgery to pre¬ 
serve limbs and joints in 
fixed positions, for the 
formation of catheters and 
other tubes, splints, bou¬ 
gies, specula, stethoscopes, 
pessaries, etc. G.sp. paper, 
gutta*percha in thin 
sheets. [ < Malay gatah 
gum 4 - pertja the tree which yields it.] 
gut-ta'tim. In prescriptions, “drop by drop”: 
abbr. guttat. [L.] 

gut'ti. The G. P. name for cambogia*. 
gut'tur. The throat, larynx, or trachea. r^GuLA. 
gut'tu-ral. Relating to the throat. G. artery, 
inferior, the inferior thyroid artery. G. duct, the 
eustachian tube. G. glands = pharyngeal 
GLANDS. G. hernia = goitre. G. rale, a rale pro¬ 
duced in the throat. G. reflex, a reflex marked 
by the desire to spit but inability to do so; seen 
in cases of diseased female genitalia, 
gut'tu-ro-max'il-la-ry artery. The internal maxil¬ 
lary artery. 

gut’tu-ro-pal'a-tine. Both guttural and palatine, 
gut’tu-ro-tet'a-ny. A form of guttural spasm, with 
the resulting stammer. 

Gut'zeit’s test. A test for arsenic made by gener¬ 
ating hydrogen in a test*tube from zinc and very 
dilute sulphuric acid, adding to the test*tube the 
suspected substance, and then holding over the 
mouth of the tube a piece of filter*paper moist¬ 
ened with a drop of solution of silver nitrate,' 
when a yellow to brown, or even black, stain will 
be formed if arsenic be present, 
gu'va-chine. A crystalline alkaloid, CgHgNOg, from 
Are'ca cat'echu, called “guvaca” by the natives. 
Guye’s sign (gii-iz). Aprosexia occurring in child¬ 
hood with adenoids in the nasopharynx. 

Guyon’s sign (gui-6hz). Ballottement of the kidney, 
felt on palpation in cases of floating kidney, 
gym-nas'tics. The science or system by which the 
health is promoted and the strength of the body 
developed by the regular practice of active exer¬ 
cises. Ocular g.; Swedish g.; vocal g. 
[< -yvfivog naked.] tgyni-^i^is'tic, as G. medicine, 
that branch of medicine which resorts to exercise 
with a view to preserving or restoring health, 
gym'no-cyte. A cell without a celhwall. 
gym'no-plast. A naked mass of protoplasm. [< 
yvpvoc naked -f irldacreiv to form.] 
gym'no-sperm. A plant which bears exposed seeds, 
as the pine or hemlock, Angiosperm. 
gy-nae'cic, gy-nae-ce'an, gy-nae'ci an. Relating to 
the female sex, or to women. [ < ywaiKiKog.] 
gyn'ae-co-, gyn'e-co-. Relating to women; a com¬ 
bining form. [< woman ] gyn-ae-col'o-gy, 
a treatise on woman and the peculiarities of her 
constitution as compared with man; the science 
which treats of the female constitution, and par¬ 
ticularly of the diseases and injuries of the 


female genitals, fgyn-ae-co-log'i-cal. gyn-ao- 
col'o-gist. — gyn-ae-co-ma'ni a, erotic mania; 
satyriasis; nymphomania.— gyn-ae-co-mas'ti a, 
-ma'zi a, the development upon a man of mam¬ 
mae like those of a woman, either with or with¬ 
out the secretion of milk.— gyn-ae-cop'a-thy, any 
disease peculiar to the female sex.— gyn-ae-co- 
pho'bia = gynephobia. — gyn-ae-co-plas'tics == 

GYNOPLASTICS. 

gyn-an'dri a, -drism. i. A degeneration of the 
female in which the entire psychical and sexual 
life is contrary and physical appearance ap¬ 
proaches the male type, but in which the genitals 
are entirely feminine. 2. = Hermaphrodism. 
[ < yvvT/ woman + dvijp man.] 
gyn-a-tre'si a. The condition of a female in whom 
the external parts of generation are imperforate. 
[ < yvvi] woman + a priv. + Tpijaiq perforation.] 
gyn'e-co-. =Gyn^co-. 
gyn-e-pho'bi a. Morbid aversion to women, 
gyn-i-at'rics. The treatment of the diseases of 
women. [< ywi] woman + larpeia treating.] 
Gynocar'dia odora'ta. The chaulmoogra, a pangi- 
aceous tree of India. It bears a pulpy fruit, which 
has been used as a remedy for elephantiasis. 
Thisfruit yields afixed oil, Chaul¬ 
moogra of/, which contains gyn-o- 
car'dic acid, Cj4H2402, and other 
acids. The oil has been used 
with success in true lepr^-'-.y and 
in constitutional syphilis Dose, 

0.3 Cc. (5 mins.), 

gyn-o-plas'tics. The plastic surgery 
of the female reproductive or¬ 
gans, tgyn-o-plas'tic. 
gyp'sum. Calcium sulphate, or 
plaster of paris. Calcined gyp¬ 
sum is much used for making 
permanent dressings for frac¬ 
ture, etc, [< yvrpog.] 
gy'ral. Relating to a gyrus or to 

gyri, G. isthmus, a small gyrus connecting two 
other gyri; an annectant gyrus, 
gyre, A convolution of the brain, 
gy'ri, I. The convolutions of the brain. G. oper'ti, 
several (five to seven) convolutions radiating 
from the apex of the island of Reil, 2. The 
spiral cavities of the internal ear. [L.,pl. 

of gy'rus circuit.] 

gyTo-mele, An instrument invented by Tiirck 
which when introduced into the stomach may be 
mechanically rotated and thus cleanse and mas¬ 
sage the gastric walls. 

Gyroph'ora. A genus of edible lichens, as G. pro- 
boscid'ea and G. ero'sa. 

gyro-pso-ri'a-gis. Psoriasis with patches of a gy- 
rous outline. 

gy'rose, gy'rous. Having circles, or full of circles, 
gy'ro-spasm. Rotatory spasm of the head, 
gy'rus*, pi. -ri. i. A convolution of the brain. 
G. angula'ris* = ANGULAR convolution. G. 
cin'guli = G. fornicatus. G. denta'tus = fas¬ 
cia DENTATA. G. divi'sus, the ascending frontal 
convolution. G. fornica'tus*, a convolution on 
the mesial surface of the cerebellum, forming an 
arch above the corpus callosum; the callosal 
convolution; gyrus cinguli. G. fusifor'mis, 
FUSIFORM lobule; CINGULUM, def. 3. G. hippo- 
cam'pi* = HIPPOCAMPAL CONVOLUTION. G. rec'- 
tus* = STRAIGHT CONVOLUTION. G. uncina'tus = 
UNCINATE CONVOLUTION. 2. The Spiral cavity of 
the ear. [L., fr. yvpo^ circle.] 



Blossom and Leaves 
OF Gutta-percha 
Plant. 




Microscopic 
CR ystals 
OF Gypsum. 


H 899 H^M- 

H 


H. I. The chemical symbol for hydrogen. 2. 
Abbr. for L. ho'ra, hour; L. haus'tus, a draught; 
horizontal; hypermetropia; hyperphoria. 

H+HM. Abbr. for combined hypermetropia and 
astigmatism. 

H.D. Abbr. for hearing distance. 

H.d. Abbr. for L. ho'ra decu'bitus, at going to bed. 

H.p.n. Abbr. for L. haus'tus pur'gans nos'ter, our 
own purgative draught. 

H.s. Abbr. for L. ho'ra som'ni, at bedtime. 

Haab’s magnet. A powerful electromagnet used 
for the purpose of removing foreign metallic 
substances from the eye. H.’s pupil reflex, a 



contraction of both pupils when attention is 
suddenly directed to a bright object in a some¬ 
what darkened room. 

ha-be'na. i. =Fr.enum. 2. = Retinaculum. 3. 
A bandage for approximating the edges of wounds. 
4. The pineal peduncle. 5. = Habenula. [ L., 
a “ rein.”] > ha-be'nar. 

ha-ben'u-la. r. Any fraenum or rein=like organ or 
structure. 2. = H. conarii. H. arcua'ta, the 
inner zone or portion of the basilar membrane of 
the cochlea. H. cona'rii, the peduncle of the 
pineal gland. H. denticula'ta, the auditory teeth 
of Huschke. H. gangliona'ris, the cochlear or 
spiral ganglion. H. inter'na = H. arcuata. H. 
pectina'ta, the outer zone of the basilar mem¬ 
brane of the cochlea. H. perfora'ta, H. perfora- 
ti'va, a row of foramina in the periosteum of the 
spiral lamina of the cochlea, transmitting the 
terminal branches of the cochlear nerve to the 
organ of Corti. H. sulca'ta, the vestibular mar¬ 
gin of the spiral groove of the cochlea. H. 
tec'ta = H. ARCUATA. [L., dim. of habe'na 
a rein.] fha-ben'u-lar, as H. ganglion, a collec¬ 
tion of nervescells within the trigonum habenu¬ 
lae connected by fibres with the pineal body: 
and H. tract, a tract of fibres running from the 
habenula conarii to the inner ‘side of the red 
nucleus. 

hab'it, hab'i-tude. i. The propensity for an action 
acquired by frequent repetition. 2. A predisposi¬ 
tion to resist or to succumb to climatic, poisonous, 
or pathological conditions, as apoplectic, phthisi¬ 
cal, or scrofulous habit; constitution; tempera¬ 
ment. (^Apoplectic constitution. H.schorea, 
H.sspasm, choreiform movements of a muscle or 
set of muscles, especially of those of the face and 
the neck, which, voluntary at first, have become 
involuntary and are repeated with great fre¬ 
quency, e.g., frequent twitching of the eyelids, 
wrinkling of the skin of the forehead, etc. [<L. 
habe're to have.] fha-bit'ual, as H. abortion, 
abortion repeated in several successive preg¬ 


nancies, usually at the same period of gestation: 
H. dislocation, relapsing dislocation, or one which, 
because of some imperfection in or injury to an 
articulation, tends to recur upon slight provoca¬ 
tion: and H. fever = hectic fever. 
hab'i-tat. The location in which an animal or a 
plant is most commonly found; the region or dis¬ 
trict in which a disease is endemic, 
hab'i-tus. = Habit. [L.] 
hab-ro-ma'ni a. = Amcenomania. 
hachement (hash-moh). = Hacking, def. i. [F.] 
hack'ing. i. A stroke in massage performed with 
the edge of the hand; hachement. 2. Short and 
frequently repeated: said of coughs, 
had'dock. A fish, Melanogram'mus ceglefi'nus, 
which furnishes an inferior substitute for cod* 
liver oil. 

haem-, haem'a-, haem'at-, haem'a-to-, haem-o-. Re¬ 
lating or pertaining to the blood; hem-, hem'a-, 
hem'at-, hem'a-to-, hem'o-: combining forms. 
[< alfj.a blood.] haem*a-ba-rom'e-ter, an appa¬ 
ratus for ascertaining the specific gravity of the 
blood.— haem*a-cel-i-no'sis = purpura simplex. 

— haem-a-chro'in, haem'a-chrome, haem-a-chro'- 
ma = H.EMATiN, def. i. —haem-a-chro'sis, pi. hcem- 
achro'ses, any disease characterized by change in 
the color of the blood. — haem-a-coe'lom = h^mo- 
ccELOM.— haem-a-co'ni a = h^mokonia. — haem- 
a-cy'a-nin= H.EMATOCYANIN.— haem'a-cy-tom'e- 
ter, an instrument used in counting the blood* 
corpuscles, or in estimating their number.— 
haem'a-cy-to-zo'on, any cellular micro=organism 
inhabiting the blood.— hae'mad. i. Toward the 
haemal or ventral aspect. 2. A blood*corpuscle. 

— haem-a-don'o-sos. -sus, disease of the blood* 
vessels.— haem‘a-dos-te-no'sis, contraction or ob¬ 
literation of a blood*vessel.— haem‘a-dos-te-o'- 
sis, haem*o-dos-to'sis, ossification of a blood*ves- 
sel. — haem-a-drom'o-graph, an instrument for 
ascertaining the velocity of the blood*current and 
its variations. — haem*a-dro-mom'e-ter, haem-a- 
drom'e-ter= h.emodromometer. th^eni’a-dro- 
mom'e-try.— haem’a-dy-nam'ics = haemodyna¬ 
mics. — haem*a-dy-na-mom'e-ter, an apparatus for 
determining the pressure of the blood.— haem-a- 
fe'cal, marked by bloody stools. H. jaundice, 
jaundice with bloody stools.— haem-a-gas'tric = 
HaEmogastric. — haem-ag-glu'ti-nin, a substance 
having the power to clump red blood*corpus- 
cles. th®ni"ag-glu-ti-na'tion. — hsem-a-glo'bin == 
Haemoglobin. — haem'a-gogue. i. Favoring the 
menstrual flow or a hemorrhoidal discharge. 2. 
A medicine having haemagogue effects. thaem- 
a-gog'ic.— haem'a-hys-te'ri a = menorrhagia. — 
hae'mal, relating to blood or to the blood*vessels, 
as H. arch, the osseous or cartilaginous structures 
which arch over and include the large blood* 
vessels and the viscera, as contrasted with the 
dorsally situated neural canal, and consisting in 
the thoracic region of the bodies of the vertebrae, 
the ribs, and the sternum: H. axis, the heart and 
the aorta; in a more limited sense, the aorta: H. ca¬ 
nal or cavity, the space included within the haemal 
arch: H. flexure, a bending towards the haemal 
aspect of the body: H. glands, glands along the 

















H^M- 


400 


HiEM- 


course of the haemal artery in herbivorous ani¬ 
mals: H. spine, the most anterior or ventral 
portion of the haemal arch, e. g., the sternum, 
or the linea alba: and H. iube = 'H.. canal. — 
haem-al-bu'min (Dahmen), a ferruginous prepara¬ 
tion of blood, containing haematin, haemoglobin, 
serum^albumin, paraglobin, and the mineral salts 
of the blood: used in chlorosis. Dose, r to 2 
Gm. (15 to 30 grs.).— haem-a-leu'cin, the fibri¬ 
nous portion of a blood*clot. — haem-a-leu'co- 
cyte, a variety of haematoblast found in bones 
marrow.— haem‘a-leu-co'sis, the formation of the 
buffy coat on blood. — haem-a-lo'pi a, haem-a- 
lo'pis, haem'a-lops, an extravasation or clot of 
blood, more particularly in the eye or the orbit. 

— haem-a-moe'ba. i. A white bloodscorpuscle. 

2. A parasitic amoeboid microsorganism in the 
blood, PoLYMiTUs. H. leukae'miae mag'na and 
H. leukae'miae par'va, organisms of a supposedly 
protozoan nature and said to be the specific 
causes of leukaemia; Lowit’s organism. Turck con¬ 
siders them very much altered basophile granules 
or artefacts. H. mala'riae, Plasmo'dium mala'- 
ricB. ^Malaria. H. vi'vax, Plasmo'dium vi'- 
vax. Malaria. — haem-a-nal'y-sis, analysis of 

the blood. — haem-an'gi-o-ma = angioma. — 
haem-an'gi-o=en-do-the-li-o'ma, proliferation of 
the endothelial cells of capillaries.— haem-an*- 
gi-o-sar-co'ma, angioma and sarcoma combined. 

— Haeman'thus, the bloodsflower, a genus of 
amaryllidaceous plants, mostly natives of South 
Africa. H. ioxica'rius is said to furnish the ar- 
row=poison used by the Hottentots and yields 
haem-an'thine, an alkaloid resembling atropine. 
— haem-ant'li on, a syringe for obtaining speci¬ 
mens of blood from the living subject.— haem*a- 
per-i-ton-or-rha'gi a, intraperitoneal hemorrhage. 

— haem-a-phe'in, haem-a-phae'in, a brown color¬ 
ing matter of the blood which is said to give 
the palesamber color to urine.— haem-a-phe'ism, 
excretion of reddish-brown urine which owes its 
color to haemaphein or some derivative of hasma- 
tin.— haem-a-pho'bi a. i. Dread of the sight of 
blood. 2. Prejudice against venesection, fhaem- 
a-pho'bic. haem-a-pho'bus, one affected with 
haemaphobia. — haem*a-poi-e'sis = hematopoie¬ 
sis. fhsem'^-poi-et'ic. — haem-a-poph'y-sis, that 
segment of a haemal arch which is just poste¬ 
rior to its spine, e.g., a costal cartilage. 
a-po-phys'i al.— haem-a-po'ri a = anemia. — hae- 
map'ty-sis=HEMOPTYsis.—hae-mar'thron,-thrus, 
haem-ar-thro'sis, extravasation of blood into a 
joint or its synovial membrane.— hae'mase, the 
CATALASE of the blood.— haem-a-stat'ics, the 
science of haematic equilibrium.— haem-as-the- 
no'sis. I. Deterioration of the blood. 2. An ob¬ 
struction in a blood-vessel.— haem'a-tal == hem- 
ADROMOGRAPH.— haem'a-tal = hemal. — haem’a- 
tal-los'co-py, medico-legal examination of the 
blood. — haem'a-tan-a-go'ge = hematemesis. — 
haem’a-tan-gei-on'o-sos, -sus, disease of the 
blood* vessels. — haem*a-ta-po'ri a = anemia. — 
haem-a-ta-por-rho'sis, separation of serum from 
the blood. — haem*a-ta-pos'ta-sis, metastasis of 
blood. thaem‘a-ta-pos-tat'ic. — haem'a-ta-pos'te- 
ma. I. An abscess containing blood. 2,= Hem¬ 
atocele. — haem-a-tec'ly-sis, dissolution of the 
blood.— haem’a-te-de'ma=HEMATCEDEMA. — haem- 
a-te'in, a crystalline substance, CjgHjgOg, derived 
from haematoxylin, which is turned brownish, 
red by transmitted light and dark green by re¬ 
flected light.— haem'a-te-lae'um, a concrete oil 


obtained from blood.— haem’a-tel-y-tro-me'tra, 
retention of menstrual blood within the uterus 
and vagina, due to an obstruction of the lat¬ 
ter.— haem-a-tem'e-sis, vomiting of blood, as H. 
hysterica, a rare form of vomiting of blood 
in hysteria: and H. neonato'rum, vomiting of 
blood by new-born infants, often proving fatal. 
thaem*a-te-met'ic.— haem'a-ten-ceph'a-lon, -lum, 
cerebral hemorrhage.— h£em*a-tep-a-go'ge, con¬ 
gestion of the blood in a part. — haem’a-tep- 
i-gas'tri um, hemorrhage immediately outside of 
the peritoneum. — hae-mat'e-rous, sanguineous. 

— haem'a-tex-os-to'sis. i. An exostosis with 
marked vascularity. 2. = Osteosarcoma. —- 
haBm*a-ther'a-py. i. The therapeutic use of prep¬ 
arations of blood. 2. Treatment applied to 
diseases of the blood.— haem-a-ther'mal, -mous, 
warm-blooded. — ha3m*a-thi-dro'sis = hemati- 
DRosis. —• haem'a-tho-ra-co-graph'i on = cardio- 

PNEUMOGRAPH.-haem-a-tho'raX= HEMOTHORAX. 

— hae-mat'ic. r. Relating to or affecting the 

blood. 2. Dull brownish-red. H. acid, a yellow, 
crystalline alcoholic extract of red blood-corpus¬ 
cles reacted upon by sodium carbonate. H. 
cri.sis, a sudden increase of the blood-plates at 
the crisis of a fever. H. tonic, a tonic for im¬ 
proving the condition of the blood.— hae-mat'i- 
ca. I. Remedies which modify the condition 
of the blood. 2. Dyscrasiae. Hematinica.— - 

haem'a-ti-dro'sis, the sweating of blood or of a 
fluid mixed with blood. H. menstrua'lis, a variety 
accompanying amenorrhoea. Vicarious men¬ 

struation. — haem-a-tim'e-ter, an instrument for 
counting blood-corpuscles, consisting of a micro¬ 
scopical slide having a cell, divided into squares, 
which contains an accurately measured quantity 
of blood; haematocytometer.— haem-a-tim'e-try, 
the estimation of the proportion of blood-corpus¬ 
cles or of other constituents of the blood.— haem'- 

I 2 .3 


Microscopic Crystals of (1) Hematin Hydro-iodide; 
(2) Hematin Hydrobromide; (3) Hematin Hy¬ 
drochloride. 

a-tin, hem'a-tin. i. A proteid-free, pigmented con¬ 
stituent, Cg^HggN^FeOg, of haemoglobin obtained 
by treating with acids; acid haematin. It also oc¬ 
curs in bluish-black scales. H.salbumin, a brown 
powder, obtained by drying blood-fibrin: used in 
anaemia. H. hydrochloride = hemin. Iron=freeh. 
= HEMATOPORPHYRiN. Vegetable h. = aspergil- 
LiN. 2. = Hematoxylin.— haem-a-tin'ic. i. Per- 
taining to haematin, or tending to increase it. 2. A 
medicine which increases the proportion of haema¬ 
tin in the blood.— haem-a-tin'i-ca, medicines which 
augment the amount of haematin in the blood.— 
haem‘a-ti-nom'e-ter, an apparatus for determining 
the amount of haemoglobin in the blood, by means 
of which a thin layer of blood is compared with 
layers, of the same thickness, of solutions contain¬ 
ing known percentages of haemoglobin.— haem*a- 
ti-nop'ty-sis, expectoration of sputa containing and 
colored by haematoi din‘crystals.— hae-mat'i-nous 




H^EM- 


401 


HvEM- 


= H.EMATiNic.— haem-a-ti-nu'ri a, that condition 
of the urine in which it contains the red coloring 
matter of the blood, H^maturi.\; h.emo- 
globinuria; melanuria. — haem'a-tis-schet'ic, 
haemostatic.— haem'a-tism, hemorrhage.— haem- 
a-tis'mus, hemorrhage from the fauces.— haem*- 
a-tosa-e-rom'e-ter, a blood aerometer.— Haem- 
ato'bia mala'riae, Plasmo'dium malarice. Ma¬ 
laria. — haem-a-to'bium. i. A blood*corpuscle. 2. 
A blood=parasite. th^ei^i-a-to'bic; haem-a-to'¬ 
bi ous.—haem'a-to-blast. i . A microscopic mass 
of protoplasm found in bone-marrow, glandular 
tissue, and all haematopoietic tissue, from which 
the blood-corpuscles develop. 2. A blood- 
plaque. 3. An immature red blood-corpuscle.— 
haem’a-to-ca-thar'sis, purification of the blood, 
thaem’a-to-ca-thar'tic, as a remedy. — haem'a-to- 
cele. I. An effusion of blood into the peritoneal 
cavity. 2. Any effusion of blood giving rise to 
a tumor, especially one into the tunica vagina¬ 
lis testis. ^Pelvic h.; retro-uterine h. — 
haem'a-to-ceph'a-lus, a monster with an enlarged 
and deformed head due to distention of the brain 
by blood. — haem'a-to-che'zi a, a bloody stool.— 
haem-a-toch'ro-in, -ro-ite = h^ematin, def. i.— 
haem'a-to-chrome, a red modification of chloro¬ 
phyll. — haem'a-to-chro'sis, cutaneous disease in 
which there is coloration of the skin by the 
coloring matters of the blood, or in which the 
color of the blood is changed.— haem*a-to-chy- 
lu'ri a, the presence of blood and chyle in the 
urine, caused by the Fila'ria san'guinis hom'inis. 
—haem*a-to-coe'li a, effusion of blood into the peri¬ 
toneal cavity.— haem'a-to-col'i-ca, colic caused or 
accompanied by intestinal hemorrhage.— haem*- 
a-to-col'pos, -pus, a collection of blood, especially 
menstrual, in the vagina.— haem'a-to-crit, an ap¬ 



paratus for the volumetric estimation of blood- 
corpuscles. In it a tube containing blood is 
made to rotate so rapidly that the blood-cor¬ 
puscles are separated by centrifugal force, ts- 
Centrifugal machine.— haem-a-to-cry'al, -cry'- 
an, cold-blooded.— haem-a-to-crys'tal-lin = hem¬ 
oglobin.— haem'a-to-cy'a-nin, a compound allied 
to haemoglobin, occurring in certain inverte¬ 
brates having a blue instead of a red coloring 
matter and containing copper instead of iron.— 
haem'a-to-cyst, a cyst containing blood; an effu¬ 
sion of blood into the urinary bladder; haemato- 
ma.— haem'a-to-cyte, a blood-corpuscle.— haem'a- 
to-cy-thu'ri a, the presence of blood-corpuscles 
in the urine.— haem'a-to-cy-tol'y-sis = hemocy- 
To LYSIS. — haem'a-to-cy-tom'e-ter = hematime- 
TE R.— haem-a-to-cy-to-tryp'sis =he moc ytotry p- 
sis.—Haematocytozo'a mala'riae, Plasmo'dium 
mala'rice, ts- Malaria.— haem’a-to-cy-tu'ri a, the 
presence of blood-corpuscles in the urine.— Haem- 
ato'des fun'gus = FUNGUS hematodes.— haem'a- 
to-di-ar-rhoe'a, diarrhoea with bloody stools.— 
haem*a-to-dy-na-mom'e-ter = hemadynamome- 
xer. — haem*a-to-dys-cra'si a, a depraved condi¬ 
tion of the blood.— haem*a-toe-de'ma, a boggy 
swelling due to effused fluid blood.— hae-mat'o- 
26 


gen, a substance, containing much iron, phos¬ 
phorus, and sulphur, obtained by digesting an 
ethereal extract of the yolk of egg.— haem‘a-to- 
gen'e-sis, the formation of blood and of its con¬ 
stituents. — haem*a-to-ge-net'ics, albuminoids. — 
haem-a-tog'e-nous. i. Haematopoietic. 2. Origi¬ 
nating in the blood. H. albuminuria, albumi¬ 
nuria due to some morbid condition of the blood, 
and not to nephritis.— haem'a-to-glo'bin, haem'a- 
to-glob 'u-lin = HEMOGLOBiN. —haem-a-tog'ra-phy 
= HEMATOLOGY. — haem'a-to-hi-dro'sis = hema- 
TiDROSis. — haem'a-toid, resembling blood, as H. 
cancer = FUNGUS hematodes. — haem-a-toi'din, a 
reddish crystalline substance, CjgHjgN205, derived 
from haemoglobin during the drying of blood- 
clots, variously regarded as being identical with 
bilifulvin, bilirubin, and lutein.— haem-a-to'in = 
hematoporphyrin. — haem‘a-to-kel-i-do'sis, con¬ 
tamination of the blood. — haem'a-to-krit = 
HEMATOCRIT. — haem'a-to-Hn, a derivative, Cgg- 
H^gNgOy, of haematin by the action of sulphuric 
acid in the absence of oxygen.— haem-a-tol'o-gy, 
that branch of medicine which treats of the prop¬ 
erties of blood. — haem*a-to-lymph-an-gi-o'ma, 
a tumor composed of blood-vessels and lymph- 
vessels.— haem-a-tol'y-sis. i. Disintegration or 
decomposition of the blood or of its elements. 
2. = Hemocytolysis. thaem-a-to-lyt'ic.— haem- 
a-to'ma, haem'a-tome, a tumor or swelling con¬ 
taining blood, as H. auricula're, au'ris, or au'- 
rium, a haematoma between the cartilage of the 
ear and its perichondrium; insane ear; othaema- 
toma: H. of the dura mater, subdural hemor¬ 
rhage into sacs formed during a precedent men¬ 
ingitis: ucoMo/o'rMW = cephalematoma: and 

H. of the scalp = ckvvT succedaneum. thaem- 
a-tom'a-tous. — haem'a-to-man-cy, diagnosis by 
examination of the blood.— haem'a-to-me-di-as- 
ti'num = hemomediastinum. — haem*a-to-me- 
tach'y-sis, transfusion of blood.— haem-a-tom'e- 
ter, any instrument, more especially a haemom- 
eter or a haemodynamometer, by means of which 
the properties or constituents of the blood are 
determined.— haem’a-to-me'tra, distention of the 
uterus with a bloody fluid.— haem-a-tom'e-try, 
determination of the properties or constituents 
of the blood, fhaem'a-to-met'ric. — Haematom'o- 
nas mala'riae, Plasmo'dium mala'rice. Mala¬ 
ria. — haem*a-tom-phal'o-cele, an umbilical tu¬ 
mor or hernia containing blood.— haem-a-tom'y- 
ces = FUNGUS HEMATODES. — haem*a-to-my-e'li a, 
hemorrhage into the substance of the spinal mar¬ 
row.— haem’a-to-my-e-li'tis, myelitis with effu¬ 
sion of blood.— haem'a-to-my'e-lo-pore, a cavity 
in the spinal marrow caused by hemorrhage.— 
haem-a-ton'ci a, the formation of fungus haema- 
todes, or the disease itself.— haem-a-ton'cus, 
any highly vascular tumor; fungus haematodes. 

— haem-a-ton'o-sos, -sus, a disease of the blood 
or one of the skin accompanied by disturbance 
of the circulation. — haem*a-to-path'i a = hem- 
atonosos.— haem‘a-to-pe-de'sis. i. =Hema- 
TiDROsis. 2. =Diapedesis. — haem*a-to-per-i- 
car'di um, hemorrhage into the pericardium. 
—haem*a-to-per-i-to-ne'um = hemoperitoneum. 

— haem-a-to-pex'is, the coagulation time of 
blood: a term coined by W. W. Keen, 1906. 
—haem-a-toph'a-gous, feeding on blood; blood¬ 
sucking. — haem‘a-to-phil'i a = hemophilia. — 
haem'a-to-phle-boes'ta-sis, -phle-bos'ta-sis, stasis 
of the blood-current. — haem*a-to-pho'bi a = 
hemaphobia. — haem'a-to-phore, a transfusion 





















HiEM- 


402 


H^M- 


apparatus. — haem-a-toph'o-rous, containing or 
transmitting blood. — haem’a-toph-thal'mi a = 
H^MOPHTHALMiA. — Haematophyl'luin mala'riae, 
Plasmo'dium mala'ricB. ts- Malaria. — haem'a- 
to-phyte, a vegetable micro-organism living in 
the blood.— haem‘a-to-pis'i a, haem-a-top'i-sis, a 
collection of blood in a cavity or in a hollow 
organ.— haem'a-to-pla-ne'sis, the escape of blood 
into an abnormal location.— haem*a-to-pla'ni a. 
I. = H.EMATOPLANESIS. 2. Vicarious hemor¬ 
rhage. — haem'a-to-plas'ma = blood-plasma. — 
hasm'a-to-plast = h^matoblast. — haem'a-to- 
plas'tic, relating to the cells or tissues from which 
the blood or its elements are formed.— hsem'a- 
to-pneu-mo-tho'rax, the presence of blood and of 
air or gas in the cavity of the pleura.— haem’a- 
to-poi-e'sis. i. = H.bmatogenesis. 2. The 
enriching of the blood by iron, food, etc. fhaetn*- 
a-to-poi-et'ic, as H. cells, cells in fetal or adult 
life which give rise to blood-corpuscles or blood¬ 
vessels: and H. glands, certain organs, such as 
the spleen, the liver, and the thymus, thyroid, 
coccygeal, and intercarotid glands, so called on 
account of their probable modifying influences 
upon the blood.— haem*a-to-por'phy-rin, a sub¬ 
stance, CegH74N80^2' obtained from haematin by 
depriving it of iron; iron-free haematin. It oc¬ 
curs normally in the urine and in large amounts 
after sulphonal poisoning. thaem*a-to-por-phy- 
rin-u'ri a, abnormal amounts of haematopor- 
phyrin in the urine.— haem'a-to-por-phy-roi'din, 
a derivative of haematin, slightly less soluble 
than haematoporphyrin, but otherwise similar to 
it.— haem'a-to-po'si a, blood-drinking.— Hsema- 
top'ota pluvia'lis, a species of horse-fly; the clegg. 

— haem-a-top'si a = h^mophthalmia. — haem-a- 
top-tys'ia, haem-a-top'ty-sis = hemoptysis. — 
haem-a-tor'rha-chis, hemorrhage into the spinal 
canal or the membranes of the spinal cord. It 
may be extrameningeal, subdural, or subarach¬ 
noidal. — haem'a-tor-rha'gi a, -rhoe'a = hemor¬ 
rhage. — haem'a-tor-rho-phe'sis, absorption of 
blood.— haem’a-tor-rho'sis, separation of serum 
from the blood.— haem’a-to-sal'pinx, accumula¬ 
tion of blood in the oviduct.— haem-a-tos'che-o- 
cele, a collection of blood within the scrotum.— 
haem'a-to-scope, an instrument for the spectro¬ 
scopic examination of blood. tl'®*J^"3--tos'co-py. 
—haBm'a-tose= hematous. — baem’a-to-sep'sis= 
septicemia. — haem-a-to'sin=HEMATiN.— haem- 
a-to'sis. I. Haematogenesis. 2. Arterialization. 
3. Conversion of the food into blood.— haem'a-to- 
spec'tro-scope, a spectroscope adapted to the 
study of the blood, fhaem-a-to-spec-tros'co-py. 

— haem'a-to-sper'mi a, disease characterized by 
bloody semen.— haem*a-to-spil'i a = purpura. — 
haem*a-to-spon'gus = fungus hematodes. — 
haem*a-to-stat'ic = hemostatic. — haem-a-tos'- 
teon, hemorrhage into the medullary cavity or 
substance of a bone. — haem’a-to-ther'mal = 
HEMATHERMAL. — haem’a-to-tho'rax = hemo¬ 
thorax. — haem-a-tot'ic. i. Relating to the 
aeration or oxidation of the blood. 2. Relating 
to haematosis. H. sense, the sensation which 
causes the act of breathing.— haem*a-to-tox'i a, 
blood-poisoning, -j-haem’a-to-tox'ic. — haeni'a-to- 
tyra'pa-non, hemorrhage into the tympanic 
cavity.— haem'a-tous, relating to or resembling 
blood.— haem-a-tox'in, a toxin found or devel¬ 
oped in the blood. — haem-a-tox'y-lin, colorless 
crystals, Ci6Hj40g, obtained from logwood, which, 
when acted upon by alkaline bases and the air. 




are turned red, blue, or purple: extensively used 
in staining tissues, particularly nervous, for 
microscopical study.— Haematox'ylon*. i. Log¬ 
wood, a genus of leguminous trees. 2. The 
U. S. P. name of the heart-wood of Hcematox'ylon 
campechia'num. It is a mild astringent, and is 
occasionally used 
with advantage in 
chronic dysentery 
and chronic diar¬ 
rhoea, and in the 
treatment of un¬ 
healthy, suppura- 
tingsurfaces. i^Ex- 

TRACTUM HEMA- 
TOXYLi*. •— haem'a- 
to-ze'mi a, a slow or 
habitual hemor¬ 
rhage.— haBm*a-to- 


tnltu^ 

Cnoler& 


IQ^ 

TryparvjSwne 0# 
keeping oicKrvMS 


Relative Size of Undula- 
TORYHematozoa. {Emerson.) 



zo'on, haem’a-to-zo- 

a'rion, an animal parasitic in the blood. H. 
of malaria, Plasmo'dium mala'rice. ts- Mala¬ 
ria. — haem‘a-to-zy-mot'ic, pertaining to fermen¬ 
tation of the blood or its cause.— haem-a- 
tu-re'sis, haem-a-tu'ri a, bloody micturition. It 
is distinguished as Cystic, Renal, Ureteral, of 
Urethral, according to the part from which the 
bleeding takes place, thaem-a-tu'ric. — haem'a- 
tus, hemorrhage into the inner ear.— haem'a- 
tys-te'ri a, intra-uterine hemorrhage.— haem-au'- 
to-gram = hemautograph. — haem-au'to-graph, 
a tracing formed by allowing a jet of blood 
from a cut artery to strike upon a mov¬ 
ing sheet of paper, thaem-au-tog'ra-phy. — hae- 
max'is, blood-letting. — haem-eky-tro-me'tra = 
HEMATELYTROMETRA. —hae-men'te-ra= m e le n a . 

— hae'mic = hematic. H. calculus, a concretion 
of blood-coagula. H. murmur = blood-murmur. 

— haem-i-dro'sis = hematidrosis. fhaem-i- 
drot'ic.— haem'in, haem'ine, haematin hydrochlo¬ 
ride, or Teichmann’s crystals, a dark-brown crys¬ 
talline body, C34H35N4Fe05.HCl, obtained from 
blood. —■ hae-mi'tis, the state of the blood in 
inflammations. — haem*osag-glu'ti-nin = hemag¬ 
glutinin. — haBm*-osal-ka-lim'e-ter, an instru¬ 
ment for ascertaining the alkalinity of the 
blood. — haem’o-bil-i-nu'ri a, the presence of 
urobilin in the blood and urine.— haem'o-blast 
= HEMATOBLAST. f^aem-o-blas'tic. — haem’o- 
cat-a-to-nis'tic, having a tendency to decrease 
the cohesion between the haemoglobin and the 
blood-corpuscles. — haem-o-cel-i-no'sis = pur¬ 
pura simplex. — haem'o-chro-ma-to'sis, discol¬ 
oration (yellow to brown) of tissues by blood- 
pigment: it may occur in diabetes.— haem-o- 
chro'mo-gen, a crystalline substance, C34H37N4- 
FeOg, which constitutes the coloring element of 
haemoglobin and to which haemoglobin owes 
its property of taking up oxygen. — haem’o- 
chro-mom'e-ter, an instrument used in making 
color-tests of blood, thseiu'o-chro-mom'e-try. — 
haem'o-chyle, the lymph of vertebrate blood.— 
haem'o-coc-cid'i um = Plasmodium. — haem-o- 
coe'lom, that portion of the body-cavity which 
develops into the heart.— haem-o-co'ni a = hem- 
OKONiA. — haem'o-cry-os'co-py, cryoscopy of the 
blood, the normal index being about —0.56° G. 

— haem-o-crys'tal-lin = hemoglobin.— haem'o- 
cyte. I. A blood-corpuscle. 2. =Polymitus. 
fhaem-o-cyt'ic.— haem*o-cy-tol'y-sis. i. Artificial 
or pathological disintegration of the blood-cor¬ 
puscles causing the coloring matter to enter the 


H^M- 


HiEM- 


plasma. 2. A state of diminished plasticity of 
the blood, fhaem-o-cy-to-lyt'ic.—haem-o-cy-tom'- 
apparatus for determining the amount 



Counting Chamber of the Thoma-Zeiss H^mocytom- 
ETER. —A. Profile view. B. Face view. a. Wall of cell, 
b. Central disk. c. Groove about disk. d. Ruled 
surface. (Wilson.) 

of blood*corpuscles in the blood. i^Thoma* 
Zeiss counting cell.— haem-o-cy-to-tryp'sis, the 
process of breaking up the blood=corpuscles by 
pressure. — haem-o-cy-to-zo'bn, a micro-organ¬ 
ism parasitic in a blood-corpuscle.— haem*o-di-a- 
pe-de'sis = diapedesis. — haem’o-dro-mom'e-ter, 
an instrument for measuring the movement of 
the blood, thaem’o-dro-mom'e-try.— haem’o-dy- 
namTcs, the science which treats of the forces 
concerned in the movements of the blood.—- 
haem’o-dy-na-mom'e-ter = h.«madynamometer. 

— haem-oe-de'ma = HvEmatcedema. — haem-o- 
fer'ro-gen, a preparation of dried blood: used in 
anaemia and chlorosis.— haem-o-fer'rum, a pro¬ 
prietary oxyhaemoglobin from bullock’s blood.— 
haem-o-flag'el-late, a .protozobn having flagella: 
found in the blood of vertebrates.— haem-o-fus'- 
cin, a brownish coloring-matter from the blood. 

— haem-o-gaTlol, a red-brown powder obtained 
from haemoglobin by the action of pyrogallol, 
and used for its ferruginous properties. Dose, 0.3 
Gm. (5 grs.).— haem-o-gas'tric, relating to the 
blood in the stomach.— haem'o-ge-lom'e-ter, a 
coagulometer.— haem-o-gen'e-sis = h^matogen- 
Esis. — haem-o-gen'ic, blood-producing.— haem- 
o-glo'bin, haem-o-glob'u-lin, a red crystalline 
substance, of uncertain and very complex 
composition, found in red blood-corpuscles of the 
venous blood, and believed to consist of haemo- 
chromogen and a proteid. It occurs ordinarily 
in the form of oxyhcEmoglobin, which is of a red 
color and contains a certain amount of oxygen. 
This oxj’gen it gives up to the tissues, becoming 
reduced hcemoglohin (or simply hcentoglohin), which 
is of a purple color and readily absorbs oxygen 
again when exposed to the air. Haemoglobin has 
been substituted for iron in anaemia. Dose, 5 to 
10 Gm. (75 to 150 grs.), daily. ^Ferratin. Car¬ 
bon monoxide h., a stable combination of one mole¬ 
cule of haemoglobin with one of carbon mon¬ 
oxide giving a cherry-red color to the blood.— 
haem*o-glo-bi-nae'mi a, a condition in which the 
haemoglobin is separated from the corpuscles and 
dissolved in the blood.— haem’o-glo-bi-nif'e-rous, 
furnishing or transporting haemoglobin.— haem- 
o-glo’bi-no-cho'li a, haemoglobin in the bile.— 
haem’o-glo-bi-nom'e-ter, an instrument for de¬ 
termining the amount of haemoglobin in the blood. 
IS - Dare’s h. ; Fleischl-Miescher’s h. ; Gowers’s 
H. ; Oliver’s h. — haem*o-glo-bi-nu'ri a, the pres¬ 
ence of haemoglobin in the urine, i®* Epidemic 


H.; paroxysmal h.; toxic h. — haem-o-graph'- 
ion, a haemodynamometer by which tracings of 
the blood-pressure can be obtained.— Haemo- 
gregari'nae, H^mosporidia. — hae'moshep-a- 
tog'e-nous, pertaining to the blood and the liver, as 
H. jaundice, toxic, infectious, or haemolytic jaun¬ 
dice. haem^oid = h.ematoid. — haem-o-ko^ni a, 
fine granules, other than fat, occurring normally 
in the blood-plasma; blood-dust; dust-bodies; 
Muller’s Blutstdubchen; hasm-o-ko'ne-in, proba¬ 
bly extruded granules of the polymorphonuclear 
leucocytes, fham-o-ko'-ni an.— haem'ol, a dark- 
brown powder obtained from haemoglobin. Dose, 
0.25 Gm. (4 grs.).— haem-o-leu'co-cyte = H^MA- 
LEUcocYTE. — haem-o-lip'asc, a blood-ferment 
which can saponify fats.— hae-mol'o-gy = hema¬ 
tology. haem-o-lu'te in, a yellow coloring mat¬ 
ter found in corpora lutea.— haem'o-lymph glands, 
reddish nodes containing blood-sinuses instead of 
lymph-sinuses.— hae-mol'y-sin, a substance dis¬ 
solving the haemoglobin of the red cells and thus 
destroying them. — hae-mol'y-sis, destruction of 
the red blood-corpuscles with a setting free of 
the haemoglobin, fhaem-o-lyt'ic, as H. substance 
= CYTASE. — haem"o-ma-nom'e-ter, a manometer 
for ascertaining the pressure of the blood.— 
haem*o-me-di-as-ti'num, effusion of blood into 
the mediastinum. —hae-mom'e- 



B 




Gowers’s Hemometer. —A. Dropping bottle for diluting 
fluid. B. Pipette for measuring blood. C. Graduated 
test-tube for diluting the blood to match the standard 
solution. D. E. Support for tubes. F. Needle. 

t hae-mom'e-try. — haem-o-me'tra = hematome- 
TRA. — haem-o-me-trec-ta'si a, dilatation of the 
uterus by hemorrhage into its cavity.— haem-o- 
path'ia — hematonosos. — haem*o-per-i-car'- 
di um = HEMATOPERiCARDiUM. — haem’o-per-i-to- 
ne'um, the presence of extravasated blood in 
the peritoneal cavity.— haem-o-pex'i a, a mor¬ 
bidly increased coagulability of the blood.— 
haem-o-phag'o-cyte, a phagocyte of the blood; 
a white blood-corpuscle.— haem-o-phil'i a, a con¬ 
dition, usually congenital, in which the blood does 
not properly coagulate; hemorrhagic diathesis. 

Bleeder, fhaem-o-phil'i ac. haem-o-phll'ic. 
— haem-oph-thal'mi a, intra-ocular or subconjunc¬ 
tival hemorrhage. — haem-oph-thal'mus. i. A 
person affected with hasmophthalmia. 2. Haem- 
ophthalmia. — hae-moph'thi-sis, anaemia due to 
absence or malnutrition of the red blood-corpus¬ 
cles.— haem'o-plase, a blood preparation which 
rapidly loses oxygen in vacuum, becoming violet 















































































HiEM- 


404 


HAIR 


black in color, but which becomes red by agita¬ 
tion with air.— haem'o-plasm, haem-o-plas'ma, 
blood*plasma. — haem'o-plas-mo'di um, Plasma'- 
dium mala'ri(B. ^Malaria. — haem-o-plas'tic = 
H^MATOPLASTic. — haem‘o-pneu-mo-tho'rax = 
H^MATOPNEUMOTHORAx. — haem*o-poi-e'sis = 
H.EMATOPOIESIS.— haem-o-proc'tis, -tos, -tus, 
hemorrhage from the rectum.— hae-mop'ty-sis, 
spitting of blood; hemorrhage from the lungs.— 
haem-o-re'nal index, the result obtained by divid¬ 
ing the electrical resistance of the blood by the 
electrical resistance of the urine taken synchro¬ 
nously: normally between 3 and 5. An index be¬ 
low 3 is abnormal, below 2, serious. [Tf Turner, 
B.M.J. Sept. 27, ’06.] — haem-o-rheu'ma-scope, 
an instrument for observing the flow of blood in 
a superficial vein. — haem'or-rhage = hemor¬ 
rhage. thaem-or-rha'gic.— haemorrha'gia neu- 
ral'gica, sciatica accompanied by fever, with 
extravasations of blood in the parts supplied by 
the sciatic nerve.— haem'or-rha-phil'i a = haemo¬ 
philia. — haem-or-rhin'i a = epistaxis. — haem- 
or-rhoe'a = HEMORRHAGE. H. petechia'lis pur¬ 
pura HaEmorrhagica. fbaeni-or-rho'ic.— haem'- 
or-rhoid = hemorrhoid. th^em-or-rhoi'dal. — 
haem’or-rho-phe'sis, absorption of extravasated 
blood. fhaem-or-rho-phet'ic. — haem*o-schis-to- 
ceph'a-lus, a monster with a hernial protrusion 
through the cranium.— haem-o-sco'pi a = HaEma- 
ToscoPY.— haem'o-si-a-lem'e-sis, a form of hys¬ 
terical haematemesis in which bloody saliva is 
swallowed during the night and vomited in the 
morning.— haem-o-sid'e-rin, a colored derivative 
of haemoglobin found under the same circum¬ 
stances as haematoidin, but containing iron.— 
haem’o-sid-e-ro'sis, the deposition of haemosiderin 
in the tissues, especially in the liver and spleen. 

— haem-o-spa'si a, hae-mos'pa-sis, 
the withdrawal of blood from the 
body; the drawing of blood to a 
part, thaem-o-spas'tic, as H. sys¬ 
tem, a method of treatment in 
which Junod’s boot is employed 
to attract the blood to the ex¬ 
tremities. — haem-o-sper'ma-tism, 
haem-o-sper'ini a = HaEmatosper- 
mia.— Haemosporid'ia, an order of 
sporozoa living in the blood=cells, 
including the HaEmamceba and. 
the H (smogregari'nce. — haem-o- 
sta'si a, hae-mos'ta-sis, a stoppage 
of the bloodscurrent; arrest of 
hemorrhage, thaem-o-stat'ic, as a 
remedy. — haem'o-stat, a forceps 
for arresting hemorrhage 

— haem'o-styx, an instru¬ 

ment for obtaining a dro]: 
of blood for diagnostic 
purposes. J. A. M. A 
j. ’ o 7.]— haem-o-ta-chom'- 
e-ter, an instrument foi 
measuring the velocity of HaEmostat. 

thebloodscurrent. fhasm- 

o-ta-chom'e-try. — hagmm-te-lan-gi-o'sis = te¬ 
langiectasis. — haem-o-tex'i a, haem-o-tex'is, dis¬ 
solution or liquefaction of putrid blood. — haem- 
o-tho'rax, intrapleural hemorrhage. — haem-o- 
tox'ic = HaEmatotoxic. — hasm-o-trop'ic, applied 
to the element which renders blood^corpuscles 
susceptible to phagocytosis.— hae-mot'ro-phy = 
PLETHORA. — haem-u-re'sis, hae-mu'ria = HaEma- 
TURiA. — hae-myd'ri a = hydRaEmia. 


Haine’s test. A test for glucose in the urine. 
Haser’s coefficient and formula (he'z^rz). Trapp’s 

FORMULA. 

Haff'kine’s prophylactic fluid or serum. A prophy¬ 
lactic serum against the plague: made by heating 
virulent cultures of plague bacilli to 70° C. (158° 
F.), and used subcutaneously. Dose, 3 Cc. (45 
mins.). Lustig’s injections ; Yersin’s serum. 
Ha'ge-dom’s needle. A curved needle, flattened 
from side to side, with a cutting convex edge. 
Ha'ger’s reagent. Iron ferrocyanide; caustic pot¬ 
ash: a reagent for detecting sugar in the urine, 
ha-gi-o-pho'bi a. Morbid dread of sacred things, 
ha-gi-o-ther'a-py. Cure by sacred things, 
hah'ne-mann-ism. The original form of homoe¬ 
opathic dogma, fbah-ne-man'ni an. 

Hahn’s sign. Persistent side*tosside rotation of 
the head in cerebellar diseases of childhood. 
Hai'din-ger’s brush. A brushslike image seen as the 
eye is turned toward a source of polarized light, 
hair. i. A filamentous outgrowth of modified epi¬ 
dermic tissue from the hair=papilla of the skin. 
It consists of a root, shaft, cuticle, medullary sub- 



Section of Skin of Fetal Kitten, Exhibiting Hairs. 
—a. Superficial layer of epidermis, b. Rete mucosum. 
c. Primitive corium. d, e, f. Hairs in different stages 
of their development, g. Sebaceous glands growing 
from young hair-follicle. (Piersol.) 

stance, external, middle, and inner layers of the 
hair follicle, and root^sheath. 2. A collection of 
such outgrowths, as of the scalp. H.sball == aEGA- 
GROPiLus. H.sbleach, something for bleaching 
the hair, as an alkali or hydrogen peroxide. H.s 
bulb, the bulbous expansion of the lower end of 
the hair-root, in the centre of which is the hair=» 
papilla, and whose cells are continuous with 
those of the outer root*sheath. Immediately 
above the papilla is a mass of proliferating cells, 
from which the hair itself is formed. H.sbutton 
= H.sbulb. H.=cells. i. Cells having hair*like 
processes, more particularly those connected with 
the terminations of the cochlear nerve, Bris- 
TLEsCELLS. 2. Cells from which a hair is devel¬ 
oped. H.scuticle, a single layer of nonsnucleated, 
horny, imbricated cells upon the outer surface of 
a hair. H.=dye, a dye for darkening the hair, usu¬ 
ally having silver nitrate or some lead salt as a 
basis, which latter may be the source of chronic 
lead*poisoning. H.sfibres, longitudinal horny 
fibres, containing remnants of nuclei, bound to¬ 
gether by a cement substance, and constituting 












HAKE 


405 


HALZOUN 


the major portion of a hair. H.sfollicle, a cylin¬ 
drical ingrowth of epidermal tissue surrounding 
a hair, which extends from the surface of the skin 
to the stratum adiposum, where it terminates 
in a bulbous expansion embracing the hair*bulb; 
folliculus pili*. H.sfracture, a linear fracture. 



Transverse Section of Hair-follicle, Showing Hair 
Surrounded by Internal and External Root- 
SHEATHS. — I. Theca folliculi. 2. Middle layer, 3. 
Glossy membrane. 4. Hair. 5. Cuticle' of hair and 
sheath. 6. Huxley’s layer of inner root-sheath. 7. 
Henle’s layer of inner root-sheath. 8. Outer root- 
sheath. (Piersol.) 

H.sglands, sebaceous follicles emptying into a 
hair=follicle. H.sknob. i. The lower bulbous 
and fringedsout end of a degenerating hair, or of 
one which has ceased to grow. 2. The hair=bulb. 
H.slichen= LICHEN pilaris. H.=marrow, H.sme¬ 
ll ulla, a row of single polyhedral cells, containing 
air, found in the centres of many hairs. H.spapilla, 
a vascular fungus=like papilla, derived from the 
corium, which projects upward into the centre of 
a hairsbulb to which it supplies nutriment; pa¬ 
pilla pili*. H.spigment, the coloring matter of 
the hair. H.spith = H.sMarrow. H.spouch = 
H.sfollicle. H.sroot, the portion of a hair in 
the hairsfollicle, the lower part being known as 
the hairsbulb. H.ssac = H.sfollicle. H.s 
shaft, the portion of a hair beyond the surface of 
the skin. H.ssheath — H.sfollicle. H.stumor, 
a tumor of hair in the stomach: due to the eat¬ 
ing of hair as is the case in some hysterical 
women, j-hair'y, as H. heart, a heart whose sur¬ 
face is covered with a shaggy or hairslike exuda¬ 
tion, due to pericarditis: H. scalp, that part of 
the integument of the head which is covered with 
hairs: and H. tongue, a tongue in which the pa¬ 
pillae assume a hairslike appearance. i^Hirsute. 
hake. A fish, Merluc'cius bilinea'ris, which fur¬ 
nishes an inferior substitute for codsliver oil. 
halfsarches of the palate. Pillars of the fauces, 
half'sbath. A bath in which the patient is placed 
in a tub containing 8 to 10 inches of water, the 
attendant pouring and dashing water over the 
back, shoulders, etc., with one hand and applying 
friction with the other. 

half'sbreed, half'=caste. An offspring of parents 
who belong to different races, 
halfsmin'ute thermometer. ^Thermometer. 
halfsver'te-bra. An occasional malformation wdth 
only half a vertebra in place of a complete one. 
Hali'core du'gong. Dugong. 


hal'ism, ha-lis'mus. The formation of a salt, 
ha-lis-te-re'sis. — Halosteresis. tha-lis-te-rePie. 
haTi-tus. Vapor or breath. H. san'guinis, the 
odor of the blood when fresh from the bodv- [L.] 
fha-lit'u-ous, covered, as the skin, with a fine 
moisture, or containing moisture. 

HalTer’s acid elixir. = Mistura sulphurica 
ACIDA. H.’s ansa, a nerve uniting the facial and 
glossopharyngeal nerves. H.’s circle = circulus 
ARTERIOSUS HALLERI. H.’s COneS = CONI VAS- 

cuLOsi. H.’s fretum = FRETUM OF Haller. H.’s 
line = linea splendens. H.’s passage, the nar¬ 
row passage between the auricle and the ven¬ 
tricle of the embryonic heart. H.’s rete = rete 
TESTIS. H.’s tripod, the three branches of the 
coeliac artery. 

haTlex. The great toe; hallus. 

Hall’s disease and facies, Marshalls, Marshall* 
Hall’s disease and facies. H.’s method = 
thesiopncea. 

bal-lu-ci-na'tion. A false perception of the senses for 
which there is no external cause, is- Delusion; 
illusion; Magnan’s sign, t^al-lu'cl-na-to-ry. 
halTus, hal'lux. The great toe. H. doloro'sus, H. 
flex'us= HAMMERsTOE. H. vaTgus, a bending 
outward of the great toe. H. va'rus, a bending 
inward of the great toe. [L,] fhaTlu-cal. 
haTo. i. = Areola, def. i. 2. The colored ring 
surrounding a flame seen by one affected with 
glaucoma. H. glaucomato'sus, a whitish ring 
surrounding the optic disk in glaucoma and due 
to retraction of the choroid. 3. The ring around 
the macula lutea observed in the inverted oph¬ 
thalmoscopic image. 4. The imprint of the 
ciliary processes upon the vitreous body. 5. 
The appearance presented by the concentric cir¬ 
cles of a fowl’s blastoderm. [< aXuQ a circle.] 
hal'o-gen. Any one of the group of elements 
which combine directly with the alkaline metals 
to form salts resembling common salt. The halo¬ 
gens are chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine. 
H. acids = haloid acids. [< salt + yevvav 
to produce.] 

haToid or hal'oid. i. Relating to or of the nature 
of a halogen. 2. A halogen; a haloid salt. H. 
acids, acids formed by the direct combination of 
hydrogen and a halogen. H. salts, the salts 
formed by the direct combination of a halogen 
with a metal. [ < ailf salt + elduc; form.] 
ha-lo-ni-i'tis. = Cellulitis. 

hal'o-scope. An instrument for determining the 
amount of salt in a solution, 
ha-los-te-re'sis. = Osteomalacia. [<aAfsalt-4- 
GTepijaig loss.] tha-los-te-ret'ic. 

Hal'pin’s operation. Removal of the lachrymal 
gland through an incision through or immedi¬ 
ately below the eyebrow. 

HaTsted’s operation. = Bassini’s operation. H.’s 
suture, a plain quilted .suture for intestinal wounds. 
Hal'stem’s disease. Endemic syphilis. 
Halterid'ium. A genus of haemosporidian parasites 
resembling the Plasmo'dium of malaria: found in 
crows, pigeons, and owls, 
ha'lux. = Hallus. 

ha-lym'e-ter. An instrument for determining the 
percentage of water in milk by its capacity for 
dissolving salt. 

hal-zoun'. A peculiar disease of Syria due to the 
parasite Fasci'ola hepat'ica of herbivora attach¬ 
ing itself to the pharyngeal mucous membrane of 
man, causing congestion and oedema, auricular 
tension, dysphagia, dyspnoea, and asphyxia. 






HAM 


406 


HAPTOGEN 


ham. I. The popliteal space. 2. The posterior 
aspect of the thigh; the thigh, 
hamamel'idis cor'tex*. Hamamelis bark, the bark 
and twigs of Hamame'lis Virginia' na: antiseptic, 
astringent, and haemostatic. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 
grs.). ^ Aqua HAMAMELiDis*. H. fo'lia*, hama¬ 
melis leaves, the dried leaves of Hamame'lis 
Virginia' na, collected in 
the autumn; hamamelis 
of the i8go U. S. P. Dose, 

2 Gm. (30 grs.). k^Flu- 

IDEXTRACTUM HAMAMELI- 
DIS FOLIORUM*. 

Hamame'lis. i. A genus of 
hamamelaceous shrubs. 

H. Virginia'na, witch- 
hazel. 2. The 1890 U.S. 

P. name for hamamelidis 
FOLIA*. Pond’s ex¬ 

tract. H. water = AQUA Hamamelis virginiana, 
hamamelidis*. [< afJ-a 

like -f- fj . rj'kig apple-tree.] fham-a-medin, a pre¬ 
cipitate from the alcoholic fluidextract of H. vir- 
ginia'na. It is tonic and astringent. Dose, 0.03 2 
to 0.13 Gm. to 2 grs.). 

ham-ar-thri'tis. Arthritis of all the joints at the 
same time. [< afia together+apOping gout.] 
ha'mate. Hook-shaped. H. bone = unciform bone. 
Ham'il-ton’s bandage. A compound bandage for 
the lower jaw, consisting of a leather sling with 
straps of linen webbing. H.’s test, simultaneous 
touching of the acromion and external condyle 
by a ruler applied to the dislocated humerus in 
dislocation of the shoulder-joint. 

Ham'mar-sten’s theory. The theory that coagula¬ 
tion of blood results from the action of a ferment, 
derived from colorless corpuscles, upon fibrinogen, 
ham'mer. = Malleus*. 

ham'merscramp. Cramp of the muscles of the arm 
with more or less paralysis, affecting blacksmiths 
and others who habitually use a hammer, 
ham'mer-men’s cramp. = Hammer-cramp. H.’s 
hemiplegia, a form of hemiplegia affecting black¬ 
smiths and others who use a hammer. 
Ham'mer-schlag’s test. A method of determining 
the specific gravity of blood by dropping it into 
benzene-chloroform mixtures of known densities, 
ham'merstoe. A condition in which the proximal 
phalanx of a toe, oftenest that of the second toe, 
is extended, and the second and distal phalanges 
are flexed, causing a claw-like appearance 
Ham-mu-ra'bi’s code. The earliest medical code, 
dating from about 2250 b. c. 
ham'string. Either of the tendinous structures 
which form the inner and outer boundaries of 
the popliteal space. Inner h., the tendons of the 
gracilis, sartorius, semimembranosus, and semi- 
tendinosus muscles. H. muscles, the muscles 
whose tendons constitute the hamstrings. Outer 
h., the tendon of the biceps flexor cruris muscle, 
ham'u-lar. Hook-shaped. H. groove, the grooved 
surface of the hamular process of the sphenoid 
bone. H. process, i. = Supracondylar proc¬ 
ess. 2. The lower portion of that part of the 
lachrymal bone which enters into the formation 
of the lachrymal canal, and which articulates 
with the superior maxilla and the inferior tur¬ 
binated bone; hamulus lacrimalis*. 3. A hook¬ 
like process from the lower extremity of the 
internal pterygoid process around which the ten¬ 
don of the tensor palati passes; 'hamulus pterygoi- 
deus*. [<. h.ham'ulus hook.] 


ham'u-lus, ha'mus. A hook or hook-like process. 
H. lacrima'lis* = HAMULAR process, def. 2. H. 
lam'inae spira'lis*, the hook-like termination of 
the upper end of the osseous spiral lamina. H. 
palati'nus, the posterior extremity of the inferior 
turbinated bone. H. pterygoi'deus* = hamular 
PROCESS, def. 3. H. trochlea'ris = trochlear 
spine. [L.] fham'u-late, ham'u-lose, provided 
with a small hook or hooks. 

Ha'my’s plane. = Glabellolambdoidean plane. 
Han'cock’s operation, i. Division of the ciliary 
muscle, for the relief of glaucoma, by a cataract- 
knife introduced through the sclera between the 
rectus externus and rectus inferior muscles. 2. 
A modified Pirogoff’s amputation, in which 
sawn surfaces of the astragalus and os calcis are 
brought in contact. 

hand. The organ of prehension in man, extending 
from the wrist to the extremities of the fingers; 
manus*. Claw-hand. H.selectrode, an elec¬ 
trode for holding in the hand, fhand'ful, 
manipulus; pugillus. 

hand'i-capped patient. A person who starts an 
illness or undergoes an operation with some 
physical defect which may render his cure more 
difficult or uncertain. 

han'dle of the malleus. The manubrium, or the 
tapering process of the malleus which is attached 
to the tympanic membrane. 

Han'dy-side’s operation. Ovariotomy in which the 
ligatures of the pedicle are carried through 
Douglas’s pouch into the vagina, 
hang'ing. The whole or partial suspension of the 
body by the neck, death being due to asphyxia, 
disturbance of the blood-supply to, from, and 
in the brain, syncope from pressure on the pneu- 
mogastric, and injury to the spinal column and 
cord. (Taylor.) Strangulation ; throttl¬ 
ing. 

hang'ingsdrop. A drop of liquid containing bac¬ 
teria placed on a cover-glass over a depression in 
the slide and then studied microscopically. In 
the H.sd. culture, a nutrient medium is em¬ 
ployed and the bacteria are grown by incubation, 
hang'nail. = Agnail. 

Han'no-ver’s membrane. The enamel membrane. 
Hanot’s disease (a-noz). = Biliary cirrhosis. 
Han'sen’s bacillus. = Bacillus lepr^. 
hap-al-o-nych'i a. A soft condition of the nails, 
haph-al-ge'si a. Sense of pain caused by bodies 
which normally cause no pain, as the touch of 
metals in certain cases of hysteria, 
haph-e-met'ric. ^sthesiometric. 
haph-e-pho'bi a. Dread of touching persons or 
things. [ < d0;/ touch + < p 6 ftog fear.] 
ha-phon'o-sus. A disorder of the sense of* touch, 
hap'lo-. Simple; uncomplicated: a combining 
form. [< 077 Adof simple.] hap*lo-bac-te'ri a, non- 
filamentous bacteria.— Haplococ'cus reticula 'ris, 
a species of low myxomycetous parasites found 
in the muscles of the pig. — hap*lo-der-mi'tis, 
simple dermitis.— hap-lo-li'chen, simple lichen.— 
hap-lo-path'i a, hap-lop'a-thy, an uncomplicated 
disease, fhap-lo-path'ic.— hap'lo-scope, a stereo¬ 
scope or other device used for testing the visual 
axes.— hap-lot'o-m^q a simple operation, 
hap'tic. Tactile. [< arrriKdg.] 
hap'tine. Any receptor which has been thrown off. 

Ehrlich’s lateral-chain theory. 
hap-to-dys-pho'ri a. Unpleasant sensation caused 
by touching certain substances or bodies, 
hap'to-gen. The pellicle formed around fatty mat- 



HAPTOPHILE 


407 


HAVERSIAN CANALS 


ter when in contact with albumen, fhap-to-gen'ic, 
hap-tog'e-nous, as H. membrane =11 . 

hap'to-phile. Having a peculiar affinity for a hap- 
tophore. 

hap'to-phore. The group of a toxin molecule 
which unites with the receptor in Ehrlich’s 
lateralschain theory. [< anreiv to bind + ( j)£peiv 
to bear.] fhap-toph'o-rous, hap-to-phor'ic, as H. 
substance = toxoid. 

har-a-ma'i-tism. Childsmarriage, or the bodily in¬ 
juries resulting from it. [< Hindoo haram maiti.] 
hard. i. Solid; resisting; unyielding: opposed to 
soft. 2. Containing lime salts, which are pre¬ 
cipitated by soap: said of water. Calcium bi¬ 
carbonate may be removed by boiling and 
causes temporary hardness; permanent hardness is 
due to calcium sulphate. H. cancer = scir¬ 
rhous CANCER. H. cataract, a cataract with a 
hard nucleus. H. chancre, chancre. H. 
palate, palate. H. petrolatum = petrolatum 
spissuM. H. pulse = PULSUS fortis. H. soap, 
a soda soap. H. solder, any solder melting at or 
above red heat. H. water = aqua fontana. 
hard'en-ing. The process or stage in the prepara¬ 
tion of objects for microscopic examination in 
which they are subjected to the action of solu¬ 
tions which preserve and increase their hardness, 
har-de'ri an glands. Rudimentary glands at the 
inner canthus of the eye which represent the 
third small eyelid, as seen in the lower animals. 
Hardwick'ia. A genus of leguminous plants, as H. 

pinna'ta which furnishes a resin, 
hare'bell. =Scilla nutans. 
hare'seye. = Lagophthalmia. 
hare'lip. A congenital cleft of one or both lips 
most frequently of the upper, which may be in 
the middle line, on either side of it {single h.), 
or on both sides {double h.); cheiloschisis. H. 

suture = TWISTED SUTURE. 

har'le-quin foetus. A prematurely bom foetus with 
ichthyosis, keratoma, and various congenital 
defects. 

Har'le’s solution. An arsenous^acid preparation, 
har'mel. The mtaceous plant, Pega'num har'mala, 
of Turkey and India, used as a vermifuge and a 
disinfectant. The seeds yield har'ma-line, Cjg- 
H14N2O, a colorless, crystalline alkaloid, and 
har'mine, CigHjgNgO. 

har-mo'nium test. A test for determining the 
perception of tones, by connecting one arm of an 
auscultationstube with an harmonium and apply¬ 
ing the two others to the ears of the patient, 
har'mo-ny, -ni a. A variety of suture in which the 
articulating surfaces are nearly smooth, as in 
that between the superior maxillae; harmonia*. 
har'mos, har'mus. i. = Harmony. 2. The gum 
between the teeth. 

har-poon'. An instrument for procuring small 
pieces of tissue from the living subject. 
HarTing-ton’s solution. A solution of corrosive sub¬ 
limate, 0.8 Gm.; alcohol (94%). 640 Cc.; hydro¬ 
chloric acid, 60 Cc.; and water, 300 Cc.: used for 
cleansing the hands before operating. 

Har'ri-son’s groove or sulcus. A groove upon the 
chest following the anterior insertion of the 
diaphragm, by strong contraction of which, as in 
dyspnoea, it is said to be produced. 

Har'ris’s suture. A suture for uniting circular 
wounds of the intestine. 

harsh respiration. = Bronchovesicular respi¬ 
ration. 

HartdeysKrau'se’s operation. Complete extirpa¬ 


tion of the gasserian ganglion and its roots for 
the relief of facial neuralgia. 

harts'hora. i. Stag’s horn: formerly used for 
making jellies, and the source of a number of 
ammoniacal preparations. 2. Liquor ammoniae. 
Salt of h., ammonium carbonate. Spirit of h. 
I. Aqua ammoniae. 2. A solution of empyreu- 
matic oil and ammoniacal salts, obtained by the 
destmctive distillation of animal matter. 

har'vest bug, har'vest mite. ^ Leptus autum- 
NALIS; Tetranychus autumnalis. 

Harvey, Circulation. 

Ha'ser. See as if spelled Haeser. 

hash'isch, hash'eesh, hash'ish, ha-shi'sha. The 
dried leaves and other portions of Cannabis in- 
dica: used in the East as a drug and an intoxi¬ 
cant, and for smok¬ 
ing. fh^sh'i-shin, 
hash'i-scin, a resin¬ 
ous alcoholic extract 
oiC an'nabis in' dica, 
or a crude extract 
made by the Arabs 
by boiling the plant 
with water and 
butter. 

Has'ner’s valve. A 

fold of mucous 
membrane overly¬ 
ing the nasal orifice of the nasolachrymal duct. 

Has'sall’s concentric corpuscles. Groups of concen¬ 
trically arranged nucleated cells in the medulla 
of the follicles of the thymus gland, representing 
the remains of the epithelial elements composing 
the organ in the early stages of 
its development. 

has'tate leaf. A leaf shaped like 
the head of a spear or halberd. 

Ha'ta. preparation, Sixshun- 

DREDsANDsSIX PREPARATION. 

hat'ters’ consumption. Lung dis¬ 
ease in hatters, due to the inhala¬ 
tion of dust, etc. Hs.’ disease, 
one of a number of diseased 
states prevalent among hatters, 
such as pulmonary affections, due 
to the inhalation of dust or 
particles of fur and to arsenical or mercurial poi- 



PoRTioN OF Thymus, Showing 
Corpuscles of Hassall (a). 
(Piersol.) 



Hastate Leaf. 


sonmg. 

Hau'der’s. pelvis. = 
haunch. The region 
of the pelvis and 
the hipsjoint; the 
hip. H.sbone, the 
ilium. 

haus'tus. A draught: 
abbr., haust. H. 
ni'ger, the com¬ 
pound infusion of 
senna. [ L.] 
haut mal (6 mal). A 
French term for 
epilepsy in its full 
development, that 
is, accompanied 


Pelvis spinosa. 
formed by the lateral parts 



Haversian Canals in Trans¬ 
verse Section of Dried 
Bone.— h. One of the canals, 
about which the lamellae are 
concentrically disposed, consti¬ 
tuting the haversian systems 
with the ground or interstitial 
lamellae between. (Piersol.) 


with convulsions. fs~ Epilepsy. 
haver'si glan'dulae. = Synovial glands. 
ha-ver'si an canals. Freely anastomosing canals 
(averaging 0.05 mm. in diameter) in compact os¬ 
seous tissue, lined with endosteum, and contain¬ 


ing blood-vessels, lymphatics, and marrow-tissue, 
which open internally into the marrow cavity and 


HAW 


408 


HEALING 


extenially into the osteogenetic layer of the peri¬ 
osteum. H. cancelli = haversian spaces, def. i. 
H. fringe = synovial fold. H. glands = syno¬ 
vial GLANDS. H. lamellae, concentric boneslam- 
ellae which surround an haversian canal; concen¬ 
tric lamellae. H. spaces, i. Intercommunicating 
cavities or spaces, filled with marrow, in spongy 
osseous tissue. 2. The enlarged marrow=spaces 
of developing bone within which the haversian 
lamellae are concentrically formed in the produc¬ 
tion of an haversian system. H. system, an 
haversian canal with its connecting canaliculi, 
lacunae, bonescorpuscles, and haversian lamellae. 
H. tubes = HAVERSIAN CANALS. [< Clopton 
Havers, an English anatomist, d. 1702.] 
haw. I. The plant Vihur'num prunifo'lium. 2. 
The fruit of Mes'pilus oxyacan'tha. 3. An old 
name for an excrescence upon the eye. 

Ha-wai'i an fever. A fever of unknown pathology, 
probably the result of heat, moisture, and decay¬ 
ing vegetation, considered by some a mild form 
of typhoid: confined to the Hawaiian Islands, 
hawk. To clear the throat of phlegm, 
hawk'weed. A name for species of Hiera'cium. 
hay fever, hay asthma, hay cold. A catarrhal affec¬ 
tion of the mucous membranes of the eyes and 
air=passages, characterized by sneezing, running 
from the eyes and nose, and obstruction of the 
nasal passages, and caused by the action of the 
pollen of many plants, more particularly of the 
graminaceous and rosaceous ones; rose cold; sum¬ 
mer catarrh; autumnal catarrh; peach cold; rag¬ 
weed fever; idiosyncratic coryza; June cold. Cer¬ 
tain persons alone are affected, and in them ana¬ 
phylaxis must always be considered, m - Pol- 

LANTIN. 

ha'ya. A WestsAfrican arrowspoison, believed to 
contain the active principle of Erythrophlce'um 
guineen'se. tm- Erythrophlceum. 

Hayem’s elementary corpuscle (ai-onz). A blood* 
plaque. H.’s solution or serum, a fixing solution 
used in studying the blood. It consists of i part 
sodium chloride, 5 parts sodium sulphate, ^ part 
corrosive sublimate, and 200 parts distilled water. 
Hay'garth’s deformities or nodes. The swellings of 
the joints in arthritis deformans. 

Hay’s operation, i. A tenotomy (for strabismus) 
in which the tendon is drawn forward and severed 
close to the sclerotic. 2. An operation for stric¬ 
ture of the lachrymal duct in which a cylindrical 
sound is introduced through the undivided infe¬ 
rior canaliculus. H.’s test, a test for bile acids, 
made by throwing a little sulphur on the surface 
of the suspected fltiid. The sulphur will sink if 
bile acids are present. 

ha'zel-ine. A proprietary infusion of Hamame'lis. 
He. The chemical symbol for helium. 
head. i. The portion of the body anterior or supe¬ 
rior to the first cervical vertebra; caput*\ hence, 
any fore or foremost part. H.sband, a strap 
for fastening a head*mirror to the forehead. 
H.sbirth, birth in which the head of the foetus is 
presented first. H.sdrop, an affection of the cen¬ 
tral nervous system in which the most prominent 
symptom is a hanging down of the head, in some 
cases the chin resting upon the chest. It is of 
malarial origin, occurs in Japan, and recurs with 
more or less periodicity, the patient during the 
intervals enjoying his usual health. H.sfold, the 
inflection or fold of the blastoderm at the head 
end of the embryo. H.sgut = foregut; pros- 
OGASTER. H.skidney, the pronephros. H.slock. 


in obstetrics, the catching together of the chins 
of a pair of twins in labor, the first born twin 
presenting usually by the breech or feet, the 
other by the head. H.slouse = Pediculus 
CAPITIS. H.smirror, a circular mirror with a 
hole in the centre and an arrangement for strap¬ 
ping it to the forehead; forehead mirror: used 
especially in laryngoscopic and rhinoscopic ex- 



Muscles of the Head and Neck. — i, 2. Occipito-f ren¬ 
tal muscle. I. Its frontal belly. 2. Its occipital belly. 
3. Nasal pyramidal muscle. 4. Supra-auricular mus¬ 
cle. 5. Postauricular muscle. 6. Palpebral orbicular 
muscle. 7. Nasolabial elevator. 8. Supralabial eleva¬ 
tor. 9. Nasal compressor. 10, ii. Zygomatic mus¬ 
cles. 12. Masseter. 13. Buccinator. 14. Oral-angle 
depressor. 15. Oral sphincter muscle. 16. Oral-angle 
elevator. 17, 18. Infralabial depressor. 19. Stemo- 
mastoid muscle. 20. Trapezius. 21. Posterior belly 
of the digastric and the stylohyoid muscle. 22. Ante¬ 
rior belly of the former. 23. Loop of fibrous tissue 
attaching the tendon of the digastric muscle to the 
hyoid bone. 24. Omohyoid muscle. 25. Sternohyoid. 
26. Sternothyroid, seen to the outer side and behind 
the anterior part of the omohyoid. 27. Mylohyoid. 
28. Splenius. 29. Scapular elevator. 30,31. Middle 
and anterior scalenus muscles. 32. Clavicle. (Leidy.) 

aminations. H.smould, the cranium. H.smould- 
shot, the overriding of the margins of the cranial 
bones of a foetus during birth; shearing. H. 
presentation, the presentation, in labor, of any 
part of the head. H.svoice, invoice. 2. The 
proximal or distal extremity of a bone, especially 
when rounded, as H. of the femur. 3. The por¬ 
tion of a muscle close to its origin. 4. The rolled 
portion of a roller bandage. 

head'ache. Pain in the head, denominated accord¬ 
ing to the portion of the head in which it is felt, 
or to its cause; cephalgia; cephalalgia. For 
specially named varieties see the adjectives. 

heal. To make whole; to cure. [< A. S. hce'lan, 
fr. hdl whole.] 

heal'sall. i. A panacea. 2. A popular name for a 
number of plants, as Coll-inso'nia canaden'sis, 
Prunel'la officina'lis, and Valeria'na officina'lis. 

heal'ing. i. Causing a cure. 2. The process of 
curing or of becoming normal. H. by adhesion, 
the union of a wound by lymph; primary heal¬ 
ing. H. by first intention, immediate union with¬ 
out the formation of lymph or pus, and therefore 
without a scar. H. by scab, healing under a scab 
formed of plastic matters exuded by wounded or 






HEALTH 


409 


HEAT 


abraded surfaces; subcrustaceous cicatrization. 
H. by second intention, union by the formation of 
p-anulationsi H. by granulation. H. by third 
intention, union by adhesion of granulating sur¬ 
faces; H. by secondary intention. 

health. The condition in which all the functions 
ot the body and mind are in a normal state. H.s 
lift, a machine by which lifting is made a hygi¬ 
enic exercise. H. officer, an official who has 
authority in matters of sanitation and public 
health, fhealth'ful. heal'thy, as H. pus = lauda¬ 
ble pus: and H. ulcer, an ulcer which has a 
tendency to heal. 

hear'ing. That sense by which sounds are distin¬ 
guished. H. distance, the distance at which a 
given sound begins to be heard. H. sphere, an 
area in the temporal lobe of the brain said to be 
the seat of hearing. 

heart. The hollow muscular organ which receives 
the blood in its interior and by alternate con¬ 
tractions and dilatations drives it into and 
through the arteries. It consists of two lateral 


10 10 



Front View of Heart and Great Blood-vessels.— 
I. Right ventricle. 2. Left ventricle. 3. Right auri¬ 
cle. 4. Left auricle. 5. Pulmonary artery dividing 
into right and left branches. 6. Arch of the aorta. 
7, Remains of the ductus arteriosus. 8. Descending 
aorta. 9. Innominate arteFy. 10. Common carotid 
arteries, ii. Subclavian arteries. 12. Superior cava. 
13. Right innominate vein, formed by the union of 
the right internal jugular and subclavian veins. 14. 
Left innominate or transverse vein, formed like the 
preceding. 15. Inferior cava, with the hepatic veins. 
16. Left coronary artery. 17. Branch to the left auric- 
uloventricular groove. 18. Right coronary artery. 
19. Valvular sinuses of the pulmonary artery. (Leidy.) 

halves, distinguished as right heart and left heart, 
each composed of an upper chamber (auricle) 
and a lower chamber (ventricle). H.sbeat, a com¬ 
plete pulsation of the heart, including diastole 
and systole. H.sberg, the thoracic portion of the 
thymus gland of animals. Neck=berg. H.s 
block, a condition where the stimulus for con¬ 


traction passing from auricle to ventricle by the 
muscular fibres (bundle of His) joining the 
auricle and ventricle is stopped or “blocked” 
on account of some defect in those muscle fibres. 
It may be slight, causing only an occasional drop¬ 
ping out of the ventricular systole, or the ven¬ 
tricle may respond only to every second or third 
auricular beat, or even more infrequently, or the 
heartsblock may be complete so that no stimulus 
reaches the ventricle, in which case the auricle 
pursues one rhythm, and the ventricle an inde¬ 
pendent and slower rate, rarely exceeding 32 
beats per minute, Adams*Stokes’s disease. 
[US. M.J. Oct. 27, ’06.] According to the point 
where the inefficiency manifests itself, heartsblock 
is known as (i) Auriculoventricular, when at the 
auriculoventricular junction; (2) Sino^auricular, 
when at the sino=auricular junction; (3) Dextau- 
riculoseptolevauricular, when at the line of union 
of the right auricle with the left auricle plus the 
interauricular septum; (4) Septodextauriculolev- 
auricular, when at the line of union of the right 
auricle plus the interauricular septum with the 
left auricle. H.sburn= cardialgia. H.sclot, a 
thrombus formed in the heart. H.sdisease, an 
indefinite popular term for any one of various 
pathological conditions of the heart, especially 
one of sudden onset. H.sdisease cells, alveolar 
epithelial cells containing numerous haematoidin 
granules: seen in the sputa of chronic bronchitis 
dependent on mitral disease. H.sfailure, a pop¬ 
ular term for a sudden and fatal cessation of the 
action of the heart. H.shurry = tachycardia. 
H.sreflex, visible contracture of the heart, evoked 
by cutaneous irritation of nasal, gastric, and 
rectal mucosae and by swallowing. [If A. M. 
Aug. 16, ’04.] H.sshock, a sudden collapse of 
the functions of the heart during exertion, often 
resulting fatally. H.sskirts, the diaphragm. H.s 
sounds, sounds heard over the cardiac region, the 
one dull and prolonged, along with the systole of 
the ventricles, and the other sharp and short 
along with the closing of the semilunar valves. 
^ Third heartssound. H.sstarvation, cardiac 
malnutrition, enfeebling its action and giving rise 
to a feeble circulation, vertigo, coldness of the 
extremities, and symptoms simulating the graver 
lesions of the central nervous system, 
heat. I . A form of energy which when applied to 
matter causes its expansion, elevates its temper¬ 
ature, converts it from the solid into the fluid 
state and from the fluid into the gaseous, and 
generates electricity. 2. An elevated tempera¬ 
ture. H.sapoplexy, a form of sunstroke in which 
there are loss of consciousness, stertorous 
breathing, and symptoms resembling those of 
cerebral apoplexy. H.sasphyxia, insolation. H.s 
centres, centres in the cerebral cortex, the basal 
ganglia, and, possibly, the spinal cord, for gen¬ 
erating and regulating bodily heat. H. of com¬ 
bination, the heat evolved during the chemical 
combination of bodies. H.seruption, eczema. 
H.sexhaustion, asphyxial insolation. Prickly 
h. = lichen tropicus. H.srash = miliaria. 
H. rays, ether vibrations of the same nature as 
light, but too long to affect the retina. H.sregu- 
lating centre, one of the heatscentres for control¬ 
ling body temperature. H.srigor, the stiffness or 
coagulation of protoplasm caused by heat. H.s 
sense, the faculty by which stimuli of heat are per¬ 
ceived; thermaesthesia. H.sspots. i. Minute areas 
upon the skin in which the sensation of heat is ap- 



HEATON’S METHOD 


410 


HEINTZ’S METHOD 


preciated. 2, Freckles, H.sstroke — insolation. 
H.sunit = CALORIE. 3, The rut in animals, or 
the period of its duration. ^ Oestrum. 

Hea'ton’s method or operation. The injection of an 
extract of white oak bark in the vicinity of the 
neck of the sac of a hernia with a view to the 
setting up of adhesive inflammatory action, 
heav'ing. Vomiting; attempting to vomit, 
heav'y. Dull; stupid; pregnant; not light. H. 
magnesia, the magnesia prepared from the heavy 
carbonate, and differing from the light variety in 
being more dense. H. magnesium carbonate, a 
form of magnesium carbonate which differs from 
the light carbonate in being more dense, slightly 
granular, and containing a slightly larger amount 
of magnesia. H. oil of wine, a yellowish neutral 
liquid prepared by the action of sulphuric acid 
upon alcohol, and when diluted with ether form¬ 
ing the OLEUM ^THEREUM*. H. Spar = BARYTA, 
heb-dom'a-dal. Occurring every seven days, 
he-be-phre'ni a. Depression of spirits, sometimes 
with suicidal tendencies, occurring at pubescence, 
fhe-be-phre'ni ac. 

Heb'er-den’s asthma. = Angina pectoris. H.’s 
ink, aromatic mixture of iron. H.’s nodes or 
nodosities, slowly growing nodosities at the sides 
of the distal phalanges of the Angers, observed in 
those beyond middle life; digitorum nodi: a form 
of arthritis deformans. H.’s rheumatism, rheu¬ 
matism, with nodosities of the small joints, 
he-bet'ic. Belonging to puberty; youthful, 
heb'e-tude. Mental dulness; slight stupor, 
he-bot'o-my. Extramedian symphyseotomy: per¬ 
formed either by the open method or subcutane¬ 
ously, [< pubes -f- TSfiveiv to cut.] 

He'bra’s erythema. = Erythema multiforme. H.’s 
iodine caustic, a preparation containing one part 
each of iodine and potassium iodide and two 
parts of glycerin: used as a caustic, H.’s itch 
ointment = UNGUENTUM sulphuris compositum. 
H.’s lead ointment = unguentum diachylon*. 
H.’s liniment, tincture of green soap. H.’s pityri¬ 
asis, a chronic form of pityriasis rubra. H.’s pru¬ 
rigo, a severe form of pnrrigo. [< Ferdinand von 
Hebra, a German dermatologist, 1816-1880.] 
hec-a-tom'e-ral or hec-a-to-mer'ic cells. One of 
the varieties of nerve=cells of the'gray matter of 
the spinal cord whose axisscylinder processes 
divide in the gray substance, one branch passing 
into the white substance of the same side of the 
cord, the other by way of the anterior commis¬ 
sure into the anterolateral columns of the other 
side. [ < mdrepov both -b pepog part,] 
hec'de-cane. =Hexadecane. 
heck'lescell. = Pricklescell. 
hec'tic. I. Habitual; peculiar to consumption; 
consumptive. 2. Hectic fever. H. fever, a slow, 
insidious fever, with irregular exacerbations, 
which occurs very commonly in pulmonary 
phthisis and in prolonged suppuration. H. flush, 
H. spot, the flushing of the cheeks seen in 
phthisis. [< L. hec'ticus, fr. e^tQ habit.] fhec'- 
toid, of the nature of hectic fever, 
hec'tine. A proprietary arsenical preparation, 
hec'to-gramme, hec'to-gram. One hundred grammes, 
equal to 3.215 troy ounces, 
hec'to-li-tre, hec'to-li-ter. One hundredjlitres, equal 
to 3-5377 English cubic feet, or 22 imperial gal¬ 
lons, or 26.4 U. S. gallons, Hectogramme. 
hec'to-me-tre, hec'to-me-ter. A measure of 100 
metres, or 328 feet i inch. 

Hedeo'ma*. i. A genus of labiate herbs. 2. The 


U. S. P. name for the dried leaves and flowering 
tops of H. pulegioi'des, or pennyroyal. Dose, 
8 Gm. (120 grs.). [< 7 ) 6 vg 
sweet -f- 00pi] smell.] fhe-de- 
o'mol, an oily compound, 

CjoHjgO, the chief constitu¬ 
ent of oil of pennyroyal. 

Hed'era. A genus of climbing 
araliaceous plants. H. he'- 
lix, ivy, an evergreen Euro¬ 
pean species. The berries 
are purgative and emetic, 
and yield he-der'ic acid, a 
crystalline acid, CjgHggO^, 
and hed'e-rine, an alkaloid 
having a strong, bitter taste 
and febrifuge properties. 

The resin of the bark, or ivy= 
gum, is stimulant, emetic, 
and relieves toothache. H. glucoside = helixin. 
hedge'sgar-lic. = Alliaria officinalis. H.shys- 
sop = Gratiola officinalis, 
hedge'hog crystals. Spheroidal crystals of uric acid 
having numerous sharp processes, 
he'do-nal. Methylpropylcarbinol urethane: used as 
an hypnotic. Dose, i to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grs.). 
he'do-nism. Unreasonable or excessive devotion 
to pleasure or to selfish enjoyment, 
hed'ro-cele. i. Hernia of the intestine through the 
anus. 2. Prolapse of the anus, 
hed-ro-sy'rinx. A fistula in ano. 

Hedwig'ia balsamif'era. A West Indian species of 
amyridaceous trees which yields a resin with 
properties similar to those of copaiba. 
Hedyos'mom, -mon. A genus of chloranthaceous 
trees, as H. nu'tans, of the West Indies, 
heel. The portion of the foot which extends back¬ 
ward. H.sbone, the calcaneum. 

Hef'ner. Standard candle. 

He'gar’s operation. Oophorectomy. H.’s sign, 
softening of the lower segment of the uterus in 
pregnancy. 

heg'o-non. A silver proteid compound. 
Heid'en-hain’s demilunes. = Gianuzzi's cres¬ 
cents. H.’s haematoxylin, a 1% aqueous solu¬ 
tion of haematoxylin. H.’s parietal cells = del- 
OMORPHOus CELLS. H.’s lods, rodlike striations 
in the protoplasm of the epithelium of the renal 
tubules and of the ducts of some other glands, 
heightsandsweight ratio. The normal average is: 


Pounds 

Height 

Pounds 

Height 

Ft. 

In. 

Ft. 

In. 

IIS. 

5 

0 

153. 

5 

8 

120 . 

5 

I 

159 . 

5 

9 

I2S . 

S 

2 

166. 

5 

10 

130. 

5 

3 

171. 

S 

I I 

13s . 

5 

4 

177. 

6 

0 

140. 

5 

5 

182. 

6 


143 . 

S 

6 

190. 

6 

2 

1475 . 

5 

7 

194. 

6 

3 


Until middle-age a woman weighs 5 to 9 pounds 
less than a man for a corresponding height, 
height'sin-dex. = Altitudinal index. 
HeimsKreys'sig’s sign. =Kreyssig’s sign, 
HeimsSan'ders’s sign. = Sanders’s sign. 
Hei'nesMe-din disease. Acute anterior poliomy¬ 
elitis. 

Hei-nick-esMik'u-licz’s operation. =Pyloropla.sty. 
Hei'nick-e’s operation. Removal of exostoses of 
the external auditory canal by a gouge, 

Heintz’s method. A quantitative method for deter¬ 
mining uric acid by means of hydrochloric acid. 



Hedgehog Crys¬ 
tals OF Uric 
Acid. 


































HEIStER’S VALVE 


411 


HELLEBORUS 


Heis'ter’s (heis-te'ri an) valve or folds. Crescentic 
spiral folds of the mucous membrane in the 
neck of the gallbladder and the commencement 
of the cystic duct; valvula spiralis [Heisteri]^. 
hel'co-. Relating to ulceration; a combining form. 
[< eA/cof ulcer.] hel-coc'a-ce, malignant ulcer.— 
hel -co-der-ma-to'sis, skin disease combined with 
ulcerative formations. — hel-co-gen'ic, having 
originated on the soil of an ulcer.— hel'coid, 
resembling an ulcer.— hel-col'o-gy, the science 
of ulcers.— hel-co'ma, an ulcer.— hel-co-me'ni a, 
metastasis of the catamenia to an ulcer.— hel- 
coph-thal'mi a, ulcerous ophthalmia. — hel'co- 
plas-ty, the operation of transplanting on an 
ulcer a piece of healthy skin. t^d'CO-plas'tic. 
— hel-co-poi-e'sis, the creating of an issue.— 
hel-co'sis, ulceration, fhel-cot'ic. 
hel'co-pod gait. The dragging gait of flaccid hemi¬ 
plegia, etc. r < to draw.] 

Helcoso'ma trop'icum. = Leishmania tropicum, 
hel-cyd'ri on. A small ulcer on the cornea, 
hel'e-cin. =Helicin. 

hel'e-nin. A crystalline, yellow, and bitter body, 
CgHgO, from In'ula hele'nium. It is stomachic, 
antiseptic, and germicidal, and has been used 
internally in diphtheria, tuberculosis, and whoop- 
ing=cough. Dose, o.oi to 0.02 Gm. to ^ gr.); 
externally, as a 2% oily solution, 
hel'e-nine. An impure alkaloid derived from In'¬ 
ula hele'nium, containing helenin, alantol, alant* 
camphor, and alantic anhydride 
Hele'nium. i. A genus of composite plants of 
North America. H. autumna'le, false sunflower, 
furnishes a febrifugal bitter principle. H. puber'- 
ulum is alterative and tonic. 2. Inula. 
Helianthel'la tenuifo'lia. A species of composite 
herbs of North America whose root is an aro¬ 
matic expectorant, emetic, and antispasmodic. 
Dose of fl. ext., 0.33 to 2 Cc. (5 to 30 mins.). 
Helian'themum. Frostweed, frostwort, or rock 
rose, the herb of H. canaden'se, a species of cis- 
tineous plants common in the United States. It 
has bitter, tonic, aromatic, and astringent prop¬ 
erties, and has been employed in scrofula, diar¬ 
rhoea, and secondary syphilis. Dose of fl. ext., 
2 to 8 Cc. (30 to 120 mins.), 
he-li-an'thin. Methyl orange, an orange*colored 
aniline dye. 

Helian'thus an'nuus. The common sunflower, a 
large composite plant. The pith is used as a 
moxa, and an infusion of the leaves and stalks 
has been employed in intermittent fever. The 
seeds yield he*li-an'thic acid, an amorphous 
body, Cj4Hj80g, soluble in water and alcohol, but 
not in ether, and the oil, he-li-an-thi-tan'nic acid, 
a variety of tannin, Cj4Hg08. 

Helichry'sum. A genus of composite plants, several 
species of which are known as Immortelle. The 
flowers of H. arena'rium, everlasting, are aro¬ 
matic, bitter, and astringent, and used in domes¬ 
tic medicine. The root of H. sanguin'eum con¬ 
tains an oil used as a diuretic, as an emmena- 
gogue, and in a variety of pulmonary disorders, 
hel'i-cin. A glucoside, CjgHjgO^, formed- by the 
action of nitric acid on salicin. 
hel'i-cine. i. Tendril dike; spiral. 2. Relating to 
the helix. H. arteries, tendrildike arteries found 
in cavernous tissue, the hilum of the ovary, and 
the uterus; more particularly, those in the corpus 
spongiosum of the penis. H. fossa = navicular 
FOSSA. [< a spiral.] 

hel'icis ma'jor and mi'nor. Two muscles arising 


from the anterior tubercle of the helix and in¬ 
serted into the rim of the helix, 
hel'i-co-. Denoting a coil; spiral: a combining 
form. [< coil.] Helicobacte'rium aero'- 
genes, a microsorganism, very similar to Bacil'- 
lus aero'genes, found in the normal alimentary 
canal. It produces gas.— hel'i-coid, spiral or 
coiled, as H. ginglymus, a hinge*joint in which 
there is a slight lateral shifting during flexion 
and extension, due to the screwdike arrange¬ 
ment of the surfaces, as in the elbowsjoint.— 
Helicom'onas, a micro ==organism thought by Klebs 
to be that of syphilis.— hel-i-co-tre'ma*, the fora¬ 
men in the ear by which the scala tympani and 
scala vestibuli communicate; Scarpa’s hiatus, 
hel-i-coi'din. A body, C2eH340j4, formed simul¬ 
taneously with helicin by oxidizing salicin. 
heki-co-pep'sin. A ferment occurring in snails, 
hel'i-co-pro'te id. A glycoproteid from the snail, 
He'lix poma'tia. 

hedisen-ceph-a-li'tis. Encephalitis due to sunstroke. 

[< iihog sun-h encephalitis.] 
he'li 0-. Relating to the sun or to light; a combin¬ 
ing form. sun.] he'li-o-my-e-li'tis, 

myelitis due to sunstroke.— hedi-o-phil'i a, mor¬ 
bid affinity for sunlight causing ecstasy and 
muscular contractions on exposure to it.— he*li- 
o-pho'bi a, fear of the effects of the rays of the 
sun.— he-li-o'sis. i. Sunstroke. 2. Sun*bath. 

— he'li-o-ther'a-py, treatment by exposure of 
the sick person to the influence of sunlight. iss" 
^u N*BATH. — he-li-ot'ro-pism, the phenomenon of 
turning toward the light: seen in many plants 
and in microsorganisms. the'li-o-trop'ic. 
he-li-ot'ro-pin. i. =Piperonal. 2. A poisonous 
alkaloid obtained from Heliotro'pium europce'um. 
he'li um. A recently discovered element, existing 
in the atmosphere, and next to hydrogen the 
lightest known gas: at. wt., 4; symbol. He. It 
was at first supposed to exist only in the sun. 
he'lix*. I. The incurved outer margin of the outer 
surface of the external ear. 2. A screw*shaped 
curve or coil: often miscalled spiral. [< f/lff a 
spiral.] 


Helix and Spiral.— A. Spiral. B. Helix. 

he-lix'in. A crystalline glucoside, C 32 H 520 jg -|- 2H2O, 
from Hed'era he'lix; hedera glucoside. 
hel'le-bore. =Helleborus. American h. = Vera- 
TRUM viRiDE. Black h., Helleb'orus ni'ger or 
its root. Green h., Helleb'orus vir'idis or its root. 
Stinking h. = Helleborus fetidus. Swamp h. 
= Veratrum VIRIDE. White h. = Veratrum 

ALBUM. 

Helleb'orus. x. A genus of ranunculaceous plants. 
2. The H. NIGER or its root. H. al'bus = VERA' 
TRU.M ALBUM. H. fe'tidus, bear’ssfoot, a European 
species possessing the same properties as H. ni'¬ 
ger, but in a much greater degree. H. ni'ger, 
black hellebore, a European species which fur¬ 
nishes helleborein and helleborin; it is a drastic 
hydragogue cathartic, and as such has been used 








HELLER’S TEST 


412 


HEMI- 


in amenorrhoea. Formerly it was used in the 
treatment of insanity, epilepsy, and cutaneous 
disorders. Its use has been almost entirely 
abandoned except in veterinary practice. Dose, 
0.3 to 1.3 Gm. (5 to 20 grs.). H. officina'lis, 
H. orienta'lis, an Eastern species, possibly the 
hellebore of the ancients, having the same uses as 
H. ni'ger. H. vir'idis, green or bastard hellebore: 
used like//, ni'ger. th6l”l®"l>o're-in, a glucoside, 
^ 26 ^ 44 ^ 15 * derived from the root of H. ni'ger and H. 
vir'idis. Its action upon the eye is similar to that 
of cocaine, but is much less irritating, and in some 
cases it may be substituted for digitalis in car¬ 
diac affections. Dose, o.oi to 0.02 Gm. to ^ gr.). 
hel-le-bo'res-in, a derivative, CgoHggO^, of helle- 
borin. hel'le-bo-rin, a glucoside, 03564205+41120, 
derived from the roots of H. ni'ger and H .vir'idis, 
with poisonous effects upon the heart and nerves 
centres, hel'le-bo-rism. i. A morbid state in¬ 
duced by the administration of hellebore. 2. 
Treatment with hellebore, hel-le-bor'rhe-tin, hel- 
le-bo're-tin, an amorphous and tasteless deriva¬ 
tive, C14H20O3, of helleborein. 

HelTer’s test. i. A test for albumin in the urine, 
made by carefully adding cold nitric acid, when, 
if albumin be present, a white coagulum will be 
formed between the nitric acid and the urine. 2. 
A test for blood in the urine, made by- adding 
caustic potash and heating: the earthy phos¬ 
phates are precipitated, and, if blood is present, 
are stained red by haematin. 3. A test for sugar 
or glucose in the urine, made by adding a solu¬ 
tion of caustic potash and heating, when, if sugar 
or glucose be present, a reddish or brownish 
precipitate will occur. 

Hel'me-rich’s ointment. An ointment containing i 
part of potassium carbonate, 2 parts of washed 
sulphur, and 13 parts of benzoated lard: used in 
the treatment of the itch, 
hel'met. A form of surgical dressing for the head. 
Helm'holtz’s ligament. That part of the anterior 
ligament of the malleus which is attached to the 
greater tympanic spine. H.’s line, a line perpen¬ 
dicular to the plane of the axes of rotation of the 
eyes. H.’s phacoscope, phacoscope. H.’s 
theory of accommodation, the theory that accom¬ 
modation depends on the elasticity of the lens, 
owing to which the latter tends to approximate 
the shape of a sphere. 

hel'minth. An intestinal worm. [< k^/uivg worm.] 
hel-min'tha-gogue. A vermifuge. [ < e 2 .fj.cvg worm 
+ dyecv to drive away.] fheDmin-tha-gog'ic. 
hel-min-thi'a-sis, hel-min'thi a. i. The condition 
in which entoparasitic worms exist, more espe¬ 
cially intestinal worms. 2. The condition predis¬ 
posing to the development of entoparasitic worms. 
H. wu'cheri, a pathological condition caused by 
the Schistoso'ma hcemato'bium. [ < e?LfJivg worm + 
laaig treatment.] 
hel-min'thic. Anthelmintic, 
hel-min'thi-cide. Vermifuge. 

hel-min'tho-. Relating to worms: a combining 
form. [ < e 2 ./jLvg worm.] hel-min'thoid, resem¬ 
bling a worm.— hel-min-thol'o-gy, that branch of 
medicine which treats of intestinal worms, thel- 
min-thol'o-gist.— hel-min-tho'ma, a tumor due to 
parasitic worms.— hel-min-thoph'thi-sis, wasting 
from the presence of intestinal worms; tabes 
verminosa.— hel-min-tbop'y-ra, wormsfever. 
hel'mi-tol. Hexamethylenetetraminesanhydrome- 
thylene citrate: urinary antiseptic. Dose. 0.6 to 
I Gm. (10 to 15 grs.). 


he-lo'des. i. Moist; marshy. 2. Miasmatic fever, 
or a fever with profuse sweating. [ < s 2 iog marsh.] 
Helo'nias. A genus of liliaceous plants. H. dioi'ca 
= Cham^lirium luteum. thel'o-nin, a pre¬ 
cipitate from a tincture of H. dioi'ca, having 
tonic, anthelmintic, and diuretic properties. 
Dose, 0.13 to 0.26 Gm. (2 to 4 grs.). 

Heloph'ilus pen'dulus. The rat^tailed maggot, a 
parasite having its habitat in the intestine, 
he-lop'y-ra. Marsh or swamp fever, 
he-lo'sis. Inversion or eversion of the eyelids; 

clonic spasm of the eye^muscles; plica polonica. 
hel'thin. Amidonaphthoh/csacid; a substance used 
to test by color the presence or absence of 
nitrites in drinking water, 
hem-, hem'a-, hem'at-, hem'a-to-, hem'o-. = Haem-, 

H,EMA-, HAEMAT-, HAEMATO-, H,EMO-. 

hem'a-tite. A native sesquioxide of iron. 
hem*e-ra-lo'pi a. The condition in which objects 
are seen better at dusk or at night than during 
the day; day-blindness: due to hyperaesthesia of 
the retina. The word was used in this sense by 
the Greek and Latin writers and has been 
adopted in this sense into the Nomenclature of 
Diseases of the Royal College of Physicians. 
Most modern writers, however, have used it in 
the opposite sense of night-blindness, i. e., the 
condition in which objects are seen clearly by 
daylight but become indistinct at dusk or at 
night, Nyctalopia. r)flepd 2 ^u^p, fr. rjfjepa 
day + -dTiu-ip of vvKTd 2 iuf.] fhern'e-ra-lope. hem- 
e-ra-lo'pic. 

hem'e-ra-pho'ni a. Loss of voice during the day. 
hem'e-rine. Daily; during the day. 
hem'e-ro-path'i a. i. A disease which is more 
severe during the day. 2. A disease which lasts 
only a day. [< rjpepa day + rcddog disease.] 
hem*e-ro-ty-phlo'sis. Day-blindness, 
hem'i-. Denoting or signifying one-half: a com¬ 
bining form. [< rjpL-,iip.LGvg haXi.] hemd-a-blep'- 
sia = HEMiANOPiA.— hem'i-a-ceph'a-lus, a mon¬ 
ster in which traces 'Only of a head are present, 
t hemd-a-ce-pha'li a. — hem'i-a-chro-ma-top'si a, 
faulty color-perception in one half (or in corre¬ 
sponding halves) of the visual field.— hem’i-a- 
geu'si a, -geu'ti a, decrease of the sense of taste 
on one side only. — hemd-al-bu'min, anti-albu¬ 
min; one of the two constituents of albumin, 
convertible into hemialbuminose by the action 
of hydrochloric acid, etc.— hemd-al-bu'mi-nose, 
hem-i-al'bu-mose, a crystalline derivative of 
albumin or hemialbumin found in the urine in 
osteomalacia and diphtheria and normally in 
bone-marrow. — hemd-al-bu-mo-su'ri a = pro¬ 
peptonuria.— hem-i-al'gi a, unilateral neuralgia 
or pain.— hem-i-am-au-ro'sis, hemianopia or 
amblyopia in one half of the field of vision.— 
hemd-am-bly-o'pi a, amblyopia of one side of the 
retina.— hemd-a-my-as-the'ni a, loss of muscular 
power on one side of the body.— hemd-an-aes- 
the'si a, anaesthesia of a lateral half of the body. 
It may be due to lesion of the spinal cord {spinal 
h.), or of the pons (mesocephalic h.), or of the 
internal capsule {cerebral h.), and it is termed 
Alternate or crossed h., when affecting one side of 
the face and the opposite side of the body.— 
hemd-an-al-ge'si a, insensibility to painful im¬ 
pressions in one half of the body.— hemd-an-a- 
sar'ca, anasarca of one lateral half of the body.— 
hemd-an-o'pi a, hemd-an-op'si a, blindness in one 
half of the field of vision of one or both eyes; 
hemiopia: termed Binasal or nasal h., when due 


HEMI- 


418 


HEMI- 


to anaesthesia of the temporal halves of the 
retinae, resulting in absence of the nasal halves of 
the visual field; Bitemporal h., when due to 
anaesthesia of the nasal halves of the retinae, 
resulting in absence of the temporal halves of the 
visual field; Lateral or homonymous h., when the 
temporal half of one visual field and the nasal half 
of the other are invisible; and Crossed h., when the 
nasal halves of both fields of vision or the tem¬ 
poral halves of the fields are wanting, fhemd- 
an-op'ic, hemd-an-op'tic, as H. iris reaction or sign 

— Wernicke’s reaction or sign. — hemd-an-os'- 
mia, anosmia confined to one nostril.— hemd-ar- 
thro'sis, a false synarthrosis. — hemd-a-tax'i a, 
an ataxia affecting only one side of the body, or 
a part of one side.— hemd-ath-e-to'sis, an athe¬ 
tosis affecting only one side of the body.— hem‘- 
i-a-tro'phi a, hem-i-at'ro-phy, an atrophy or 
wasting observable in only one side, as H. facia'- 
lis, chronic progressive hemiatrophy of the face, 
usually beginning at the external soft parts.— 
hem-i-az'y-gous, existing in pairs one member 
of which is more fully developed than the other, 
as H. veins, two small veins, an upper and a 
lower, tributary to the right or great azygous 
vein, v^hich they represent on the left side. The 
upper vein is also called the Accessory h. vein. — 
hem-i-cat’a-lep-sy, catalepsy involving one side 
of the body.— hem-i-cel'lu-lose, a general term 
for various cellular vegetable materials which are 
soluble in dilute mineral acids but insoluble in 
water.— hem-i-cen'trum, either of the two lateral 
elements which make up a vertebral centrum.— 
hem-i-ceph'a-lus, a monster with one half of the 
brain lacking or imperfectly developed, fhem-i- 
ce-pha'lia. — hem-i-cer'e-brum, a cerebral hemi¬ 
sphere.— hemd-cho-re'a, a form of chorea which 
affects only one side of the patient.— hem-i- 
chro'mo-some, the body formed by the longitu¬ 
dinal division of a chromosome.— hem-i-col'lin, 
a substance, C47H7oNj^Oj9, formed from gelatin 
along with semiglutin, which it resembles, 
except that it is soluble in alcohol.— hem-i- 
cra'nia. i. A severe pain affecting one half 
or side of the head; migraine; sick head¬ 
ache. 2. Absence of the anterior portion of the 
skull. fhem-i-cra'nic. — hemd-cra-ni-ec'to-my, 
Doyen’s method of sectioning the vault of 
the cranium from before backward along the 
mesial line and pressing the entire side outward 
to expose one half of the brain.— hem-i-cra'nin, 
a proprietary headache remedy said to be com¬ 
posed of acetphenetidin (5 parts), caffeine (i part), 
and citric or tartaric acid (i part). Dose, 0.5 to i 
Gm. (8 to 15 grs.).— hem*i-cra-ni-o'sis, a condi¬ 
tion described by Brissaud and Lereboullet in 
which there is a hypertrophy limited exclusively 
to a half of the cranium including the face. 
— Hemides'mus in'dicus, an asclepiadaceous plant, 
the root of which (Hemides'mi radix, B. P.) 
is used in India under the name of Country, 
Indian, or Scented sarsaparilla. It is diuretic 
and tonic, and used as a substitute for sarsa¬ 
parilla.— hem-i-di-a-pho-re'sis, sweating of one 
lateral half of the body.— hem-i-dro'sis, hyper- 
idrosis occurring on one side of the body only. 

— hem*i-dys-aes-the'si a, unilateral dysaesthesia. 

— hemd-e-las'tin = proto=elastose. —hem'i-el- 
lip'ti-cal, halDelliptical, as H. fossa = fossa 
HEMiELLiPTiCA.— hem‘i-en-ceph'a-lon, either lat¬ 
eral half of the encephalon. — hemd-en-ceph'a- 
lus, a monster having the sense-organs absent 


or rudimentary but the rest of the brain normal. 

— hem-i-ep'i-lep-sy, epilepsy affecting only one 
side of the body.— hem-i-fa'ci al, affecting'only 
one side of the face.— hem-i-for'nix, one lateral 
half of the fornix considered as a complete struc¬ 
ture in itself.— hemd-glos-si'tis, a glossitis affect¬ 
ing only one half of the tongue.-— hemd-hi-dro'- 
sis = HEMiDiAPHORESis.— hemd-hy-pal-ge'si a, 
hypalgesia confined to one side of the body.— 
hem-i-hyper-ses-the'si a, hyperaesthesia of one 
lateral half of the body.— hemd-hy-per-to'ni a, 
hypertonia on one side of the body, resulting in 
tonic contractions: sometimes seen after apo¬ 
plexy.— hem'i-hy-per'tro-phy, hypertrophy of one 
half of the body or of apart.— hemd-hy-po-geu'- 
sia = HEMiAGEUsiA. — hem*i-hy-po-to'nia, defi¬ 
cient tonicity confined to one side of the body.— 
hemd-la-ryn-go-ple'gi a, paralysis of one side of 
the larynx.— hem-i-leth'ar-gy, partial lethargy. 

— he-mim'e-lus, a monster having perfect arms 
and thighs, but with the parts beyond them 
more or less deformed, fhem-i-me'li a. — hemd- 
my-as-the'ni a, impairment of the muscular force 
of one side of the body.— hemd-neu-ras-the'ni a, 
neurasthenia of one side of the body.— hemd-o- 
pal'gia, neuralgic pain in a single eye; hemicra- 
nia with pain in the eye.— hem-i-o'pi a, hem- 
i-op'sis. I. Loss of visual power in one half 
of the retina. 2. =Hemianopia. them-i-o'pic, 
as H. pupillary reacA'ow = Wernicke’s reac¬ 
tion. — he-mip'a-gus, a twin monster united at 
the thorax with its fellow.— hemd-par-aes-the'- 
sia, paraesthesia of a lateral half of the body. 

— hem'i-pa-ran-aes-the'si a, anaesthesia of the 
lower half of the body on one side.— hemd-par- 
a-ple'gia, paraplegia of one side; paralysis of the 
lower half of the body on one side.— hem-i-par'- 
e-sis, paresis affecting only one side of the body, 
fhemd-pa-ret'ic. — hem-i-pep'tone, a form of pep¬ 
tone most easily obtained by the action of pepsin 
upon hemialbumose, and furnishing much leucin 
and tyrosin when digested with trypsin.— hem- 
i-pho'ni a, great weakness of the voice.— hem-i- 
pin'ic acid, a compound, CioHjpOg, obtained by 
heating narcotine to 220° C. (428 F.).— hem-i- 
ple'gi a, hem-i-plex'i a, paralysis affecting one 
half or side of the body; semisideratio. Alter¬ 
nate or crossed h., paralysis of one side of the 
face and of the whole of the opposite side of the 
body; crossed paralysis; Gubler’s paralysis; trans¬ 
verse paralysis. H. apparatus, an apparatus for 
supporting a person who is paralyzed on one side. 
Cerebral h., the ordinary form of hemiplegia due 
to lesion of the cortical area of the pyramidal 
tract of the brain on the side of the body oppo¬ 
site to that of the paralysis. Facial h., paralysis 
of one side of the face only. Spastic h.^ hemi¬ 
plegia occurting in children, attended with con¬ 
vulsive twitchings of the affected muscles, atro¬ 
phy of the bones on the affected side, and epi¬ 
leptic convulsions. Spinal h., hemiplegia due to 
lesion of the spinal cord on the same side of the 
body as the paralysis, fhem-i-ple'gi ac, hem- 
i-ple'gic. — hemd-pro-so-ple'gi a, paralysis of one 
side of the face.— hem-i-pro'te in = anti-albu- 
MiDE. — hem-i-rheu'ma-tism, rheumatism affect¬ 
ing one side of the body.— hemd-sco-to'sis, 
blindness of one half of the retina.— hem-i-sec'- 
tion, bisection; section of half a part.— hem-i- 
sep'tum, either half of a septum.— hem'i-spasm, 
a spasm affecting one half of the body.— hem'i- 
sphere, either of the lateral halves of the cere- 


HEMLOCK 


414 


HENSEN’S DISK 


brum, fhem-i-sphe'ral, as H. arteries, branches 
of the inferior and superior cerebellar arteries to 
the cortex of the cerebellum, hem-i-spher'i-cal, 
as H. /055a = FOSSA HEMisPH^RicA. — hcm-i- 
sys'to-le, a contraction of one cardiac ventricle, 
with failure of the other ventricle to contract, 
causing one pulse»beat to two beats of the heart. 
— hem-i-te'ri a, congenital deformities not suffi¬ 
cient to be classed as monstrosities, fhem-i-ter'- 
ic.— hemd-tho-rac'ic duct, a branch of the thorac¬ 
ic duct given off from its upper part and ascend¬ 
ing to empty into the right lymphatic duct, 
hemdock. i. One of several species of fir. H. 
spruce = Abies CANADENSIS. 2. =Coniummac- 
ULATUM. H. dropwort = CEnanthe crocata. 
H. poultice, a poultice made of hemlock juice, 
linseed meal, and boiling water: applied as an 
anodyne to cancerous and painful ulcers. Spot¬ 
ted h.=CoNiUM MACULATUM. 
hem'o-. =H^mo-. 

hem'or-rhage. Escape of the blood from its nat¬ 
ural channels; bleeding. For specially named 
varieties of hemorrhage see the adjectives. H. 
by diapedesis, hemorrhage through the walls of 
a bloodsvessel. H. plant, i^Aspilia. [<^aijxa 
blood -f- prjyvvvai to burst.] 
hem-or-rha'gic. Belonging to hemorrhage; affected 
by hemorrhages. H. abscess, an abscess con¬ 
taining blood. H. anaemia, anaemia due to exces¬ 
sive hemorrhage. H. catarrh, catarrh with a 
superficial extravasation of blood into the mu¬ 
cous membrane tissue. H. dermatoses, cutaneous 
diseases in which hemorrhage is a prominent 
symptom. H. diathesis = hemophilia. H. dys¬ 
entery, a disease of India, characterized by pro¬ 
fuse discharges of blood from the bowels, followed 
by collapse. H. endometritis, m- endometritis. 
H. infarction, ^ infarction. H. infarc'tus, a 
morbid condition caused by hyperaemia, or by 
capillary embolism, resulting in local extravasa¬ 
tion. H. measles = BLACK MEASLES. H. myeli¬ 
tis, myelitis. H. nephritis, 13 “ nephritis. H. 
otitis, otitis due to or accompanied by hemor¬ 
rhage. H. pericarditis, ^ pericarditis. H. peri¬ 
ostitis, PERIOSTITIS. H. peritonitis, i 3 - perito¬ 
nitis. H. phthisis, phthisis with haemoptysis as 
an early and prominent symptom. H. pleurisy, 
pleurisy marked by a bloody exudate. H. reti¬ 
nitis = retinitis HEMORRHAGICA. H. rickets, in¬ 
fantile SCURVY. H. salpingitis = HEMATOSAL¬ 
PINX. H. smallpox, smallpox with hemorrhage 
from the mouth, from the bowels, or into the 
skin. H. softening, softening of a part from 
which hemorrhage takes place. H. typhoid fever, 
cr TYPHOID FEVER. H. ulcer, a bleeding ulcer, 
hem-or-rha'gin. Flexner’s name for endothelio- 

LYSIN. 

hem'or-rhoid. A pile; a vascular tumor imme¬ 
diately within {internal h.) or just outside {ex¬ 
ternal h.) the anus. Hemorrhoids are blind when 
they do not cause hemorrhage, and bleeding when 
they do. [ < aljia blood -t- pelv to flow.] 
kem-or-rhoi'dal. Relating to hemorrhoids or the 
fundament. Inferior h. artery, a branch of the 
internal pudic artery to the lower part of the 
rectum, the anus, and the posterior portion of 
the perineum. Middle h. artery, a branch of the 
internal iliac, the inferior vesical, or the internal 
pudic artery to the lower part of the rectum. 
Superior h. artery, a continuation of the inferior 
mesenteric artery to the rectum. Inferior h. 
nerve, a branch of the pudic nerve distributed to 


the external sphincter ani and the skin about the 
anus. Middle h. nerves, branches of the sacral 
nerve to the rectum and anus. Inferior h. plexus, 
a continuation of the pelvic plexus upon the rec¬ 
tum. Middle h. plexus, a continuation of the 
pelvic plexus and inferior mesenteric plexus 
along the sides of the rectum. External h. vein, 
a vein accompanying the external hemorrhoidal 
artery. Inferior h. vein, a branch of the internal 
iliac vein returning the blood from the distribu¬ 
tion of the artery of the same name. Superior h. 
vein, a branch of the inferior mesenteric vein 
from the upper portion of the rectum, 
hemp. Cannabis. American h.= Cannabis 
SATiVA. Canada h. or Canadian h., Apoc'ynum 
cannab'inum. Extract of h. = extractum can¬ 
nabis indice*. Indian h. = Cannabis indica*. 
H. saw, a cord of hemp used as a saw where an 
ordinary saw cannot be used, 
hemp'cseed calculus. A urinary calculus of calcium 
oxalate, of a pale color, and smooth, resembling 
a hempsseed. 

hen'bane. =Hyoscyamus*. 
hensblind'ness. == Hemeralopia. 
hen'scluck stertor. A stertor resembling the sound 
made by hens, sometimes observed in retropha¬ 
ryngeal abscess. 

hen-dec'ane. A hydrocarbon, C11H24, of the paraffin 
series. 

hen-de-ce-no'ic acid. = Undecylenic acid. 
Hen'le’s ansa. =H.’s loop. H.’s canals, urinifer- 
ous tubules; looped tubules of Henle. H.’s elas¬ 
tic membrane, the fenestrated elastic membrane 
between the middle and external layers of some 
arteries. H.’s external fibre layer, the retinal 
zone formed by the elongated rod=and*cone 
fibres. H.’s fibres, the elastic fibres of Henle’s 
fenestrated membrane. H.’s glands, tubular 
glands in the conjunctiva of the palpebra. H.’s 
layer, the outer layer of cells of the inner root* 
sheath of a hairsfollicle. H.’s loop or looped 
tubule, the Unlike loop which a uriniferous tubule 
makes in part of its course. H.’s membrane, i . 
= Henle’s elastic membrane. 2. = Lamina 
viTREA. H.’s mosaic layer = mesoretina. H.’s 
muscle = PRERECTALis. H.’s nervous layer = 
ENTORETiNA. H.’s nucleated fibres, fibres of elas¬ 
tic tissue which form Henle’s elastic membrane 
and similar structures. H.’s sheath, the perineu¬ 
rium of the finest fasciculi of medullated nerve* 
fibres. H.’s sphincter = sphincter prostaticus. 
H.’s tubular tumor = siphonoma. 
hen'na, hen'ne. The powdered leaves of Lawso'nia 
al'ba, made into a paste, and used in the East as 
a cosmetic and in the treatment of leprosy and 
skin diseases. 

He'noch’s purpura. An obscure cutaneous disease, 
resembling purpura, accompanied or caused by 
intestinal disturbances, 
he-no'sis. Union; symblepharon. fhenotfic. 
hen-pu'e, hen-pu'ye. Osteoplastic periostitis of the 
nose, occurring among the natives of the West 
African coast; goundou: believed to be associated 
with yaws. 

Hen'ry’s law. The law that the volume of a gas 
absorbed by a given quantity of water is always 
the same at a given temperature. 

Hen'sen’s disk. A narrow pale disk which divides 
a muscle*case into two equal portions. H.’s line, 
a line passing transversely through the centre of 
niuscle*fibres. H.’s nodes, an area of accumu¬ 
lated cells at the anterior end of the primitive 


HEPAR 


415 


HEPATO- 


streak, through which the neurenteric canal 
passes into the blastodermic vesicle from without. 
H.’s propscells or supporting cells, columnar cells 
beneath the outer hair^cells of the organ of Corti. 
he'par*. i. The liver. 2. A liver=colored sub¬ 
stance. H. adipo'sum = FATTY liver. H. anti- 
mo'nii, “ liver of antimony,” a thiosantimonite 
of one of the alkaline metals, especially of potas¬ 
sium. H. cal'cis = CALX sulphurata. H. in- 
dura'tum, hyperplasia of the interacinous con¬ 
nective tissue of the liver. H. moschatifor'me 
= NUTMEG LIVER. H. siiiis'trum, the Spleen. H. 
sul'phuris, ‘‘ liver of sulphur,” potassium sul¬ 
phide. [L.] 

hep-a-tal'gi a. Pain in the liver, 
hep'a-tap-o-ste'ma. Abscess of the liver. 
hep*a-ta-tro'phi a. Atrophy of the liver. 
hep*a-taux'e, hep-a-taux-e'sis. Enlargement of the 
liver. 

hep-a-te-chem'a, hep-a-tech'os. The sound heard 
in auscultation or percussion over the liver, 
hep-a-tec'to-my. Excision of a portion of the liver. 
hep*a-tem-phrax'is. Obstruction of the liver, 
fhep’a-tem-phrac'tic. 

hep*a-ten-ceph-a-lo'ma, -lo'sis. Medullary cancer 
of the liver. 

hep'a-thel-co'sis. Ulceration of the liver, 
he-pat'ic. Relating to, connected with, or near 
the liver. H. abscess, an abscess in the liver. 
H. apoplexy, the sudden effusion of the blood 
into the liver. Accessory h. arteries, branches to 
the liver from the aorta and mesenteric and other 
arteries in the vicinity supplementary to the h. 
artery. H. artery, a branch of the coeliac axis 
which after giving off the pyloric and gastro¬ 
duodenal arteries divides close to the liver into 
the left and right h. arteries, which are distrib¬ 
uted to the corresponding lobes of the liver. H. 
calculus, BILIARY CALCULUS. H. canals, canals 
in the substance of the liver for the hepatic 
veins. H. cells = liver^cells. H. colic, the 
paroxysmal pain, attended with collapse, caused 
by the passage of a calculus along the bile*duct. 
H. distomiasis, disease of the liver due to the 
presence of flukes. H. duct, the duct which 
receives the bile from the liver and unites with 
the cystic duct at the bottom of the transverse 
fissure; ductus hepaticus*. H. dulness, the dull 
percussion^note occurring over the normal liver. 
H. flexure, the curve uniting the ascending and 
transverse portions of the colon. H. flux, the 
name given in the East to a variety of dysentery 
in which there is a frequent flow of bilious fluid 
from the bowels; bilious flux. H. glands, the 
lymphsglands in the ligaments around the liver. 
H. islets = H. lobules. U» leucocythflemia or 
leukaemia, leukaemia due to the derangement 
of the liver. H. lobules, spheroidal masses, 
from yV to yV inch in diameter, into which the 
true hepatic tissue is divided, made up of hepatic 
cells, blood-vessels, and bile-capillaries. H. 
nerves, branches of the hepatic plexus and pneu- 
mogastric nerves. H. plexus, the largest of the 
divisions of the coeliac plexus, whose branches 
ramify on those of the portal vein and the hepatic 
artery. H. spot, chloasma. H. starch = gly¬ 
cogen, H. stimulant, a cholagogue. H. veins, 
the veins which are formed by the confluence of 
the sublobular veins of the liver and empty into 
the inferior vena cava. H. zones, areas in a 
lobule of the liver known as the hepatic artery, 
hepatic vein, and Portal vein zones, according to 


which of these vessels is distributed within them 
[< L. hepat'icus, fr. ijTrap liver.] t^ep'a-tism. 
Hepat'ica. A genus of ranunculaceous plants; 

liverwort. H. tril'oha is tonic and astringent, 
he-pat'i-cell. A liver-cell. 

he-pat'i-co-. =Hepato-. [d ^irap liver.] he- 
pat’i-co-col'ic = hepatocolic. — he-pat*i-co-cys'- 
tic duct = DUCTUS CHOLEDocHus*.— he-pafi-co- 
di-a-phrag-mat'ic muscle, an occasionally occur¬ 
ring muscle arising from the central tendon of 
the diaphragm on the left side and inserted into 
the under side of the liver.— he-pat’i-co-duc-ti'- 
tis, inflammation of the hepatic ducts.— he-pat'i- 
co-gas-tros'to-my, the surgical joining of the 
hepatic duct to the stomach.— he-pat'i-co-lith'o- 
trip-sy, the crushing of a gall-stone.— he-patd-co- 
pan-cre-at'ic = hepatopancreatic. — he-pat*i- 
co-re'nal, belonging to the liver and kidney.— 
he-pat-i-cos'to-my, the operation of forming a 
fistula into the hepatic duct through the abdom¬ 
inal wall. — he-pat-i-cot'o-my, surgical opening 
of the hepatic duct to remove gall-stones, 
he-pat-i-fac'tion, he-pafi-fl-ca'tion. = Hepatiza¬ 
tion. 

hep'a-tin. = Glycogen. i^Schmiedeberg’s fer- 

RATIN. 

hep’a-tir-rha'gi a. = Hepatorrhagia. 
hep‘a-tir-rhoe'a. = Hepatorrhcea. 
hep-a-ti'tis. Inflammation of the liver. Acute h., 
a very fatal variety, running its course in a very 
short time. Biliary h. = biliary cirrhosis. 
Interstitial h., inflammation of the interstitial 
connective tissue of the liver. H. malig'na, acute 
yellow atrophy of the liver. H. suppurati'va, ab¬ 
scess of the liver. [<^7rap liver.] fflep-a-tit'ic. 
hep*a-ti-to-py-i'tis. Hepatitis with the formation 
of abscesses. [< ^rrap liver-|-7rhop pus.] 
hep*a-ti-za'tion. i. The condition, or processes pro¬ 
ducing it, in which the lung resembles liver- 
tissue. Gray h., a condition in the third stage of 
pneumonia, when the lung exhibits red and gray 
spots in a section. Red h., the red and engorged 
appearance of the lung in the second stage of 
pneumonia. White h., the condition observed 


a b c 



Hepatization of Lung. — a. Normal Lung. b. Red 
Hepatization, c. Gray Hepatization, 

in syphilitic infants’ lungs. Yellow h., the form 
observed in the latest stages of pneumonia, in 
which the contents of the airscells have under¬ 
gone fatty degeneration and the lung is yellow 
upon section. 2. The condition of the bone- 
marrow in simple osteomyelitis; carnification of 
the marrow, -j-hep'a-tized. 
hep'a-to-. Relating to the liver: a combining form. 
[< ijTzap liver.] hep-a-toc'a-ce, gangrene of the 
liver.— hep'a-to-car-cin'i a, cancer of the liver.— 
hep'a-to-cele, hernia of the liver.— hep'a-to-cho- 
lan’gi-osen-te-ros'to-my, anastomosis between 


HEPATO- 


416 


HERAPATHITE 


nepatic duct and intestine.— hep’a-to-cir-rho'sis, 
cirrhosis of the liver.— hep’a-to-col'ic, having 
relations with the liver and colon, as H. ligament, 
a fold of the peritoneum extending between the 
under surface of the right lobe of the liver and 
the ascending mesocolon.— hep*a-to-cys'tic, per¬ 
taining to the liver and gall*bladder, as H. duct, 
one of the biliary ducts leading directly to the 
gallbladder.— hep'a-to-did'y-mus, a monster sin¬ 
gle below the liver and double above.— hep'a-to- 
du-o-de'nal, pertaining to the liver and duode¬ 
num, as H. ligament, a fold of the peritoneum 
which forms the anterior boundary of the fora¬ 
men of Winslow, extending between the trans¬ 
verse fissure of the liver and the neighborhood of 
the duodenum and the hepatic flexure of the 
colon; ligamentum hepatoduodenale*. — hep'a-to- 
du-o-de-nos'to-my, the formation of an opening 
from the liver into the duodenum. — hep‘a-to- 
dyn'ia, pain in the liver. — hep’a-to-gas'tric, re¬ 
lating to the stomach and liver, as H. omentum — 
OMENTUM MINUS*.— hcp'a-to-gas-tri'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of the liver and stomach.— hep'a-to-gen'- 
ic, hep-a-tog'e-nous, produced in or by the liver, 
as H. jaundice, jaundice caused by some disorder 
of the liver resulting in absorption of bile formed 
in the liver: and H. peptonuria, peptonuria.— 
hep‘a-tog'ra-phy, a description of the liver.— hep'- 
a-to-hae'mi a, congestion of the liver.— hep'a-toid, 
resembling the liver or its tissue.— hep'a-to-lith, 
a gall*stone.— hep*a-to-li-thec'to-my, the excision 
of a calculus from the liver.— hep‘a-to-li-thi'a- 
sis, that diathesis which is marked by a tendency 
to the formation of galbstones.— hep-a-tol'o-gy 
= HEPATOGRAPHY. — hep-a-tol'y-iin, a cytolysin 
which destroys liver»cells.— hep'a-to-ma-la'ci a, 
softening of the liver.— hep’a-to-me-ga'li a, en¬ 
largement of the liver. — hep-a-tom-phal'o-cele, 
hernia of the liver at the umbilicus.— hep’a-to- 
my-e-lo'ma, medullary cancer of the liver.— hep*- 
a-ton'cus, chronic hepatitis or swelling of the 
liver.— hep*a-to-ne-cro'sis, necrosis of the liver.— 
hep*a-to-pan-cre-at'ic, pertaining to the liver and 
the pancreas, as H. duct, the common bile* 
duct which carries the secretions of the liver and 
pancreas into the intestine. — hep-a-top'a-thy, 
any hepatic disease.— hep*a-to-per-i-to-m'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the peritoneum covering the liver. 
— hep*a-to-pex'ia, hep'a-to-pex-y, the fixation of 
a floating liver. — hep'a-to-phage, a giantscell 
said to destroy hepatic cells.— hep*a-to-phle-bi'- 
tis, inflammation of the veins of the liver. — 
hep-a-to-phleg'mon, -phleg'mo-ne=HEPATiTis.— 
hep-a-toph'thi-sis, atrophy of the liver.— hep*a- 
to-phy'ma, a tumor of the liyer.— hep’a-to-por'- 
tal, conveying blood to the liver.— hep'a-top-to'- 
sis, floating liver. — hep*a-to-pul'mon-a-ry, hav¬ 
ing relations with the liver and lungs.— hep'a-to- 
re'nal, having relations with the liver and the 
kidney, as H. ligament, a fold of the peritoneum 
which extends between the transverse fissure of 
the liver and the upper end of the right kidney; 
ligamentum hepatorenale*. — hep’a-tor-rha'gi a, 
hemorrhage from the liver.— hep-a-tor'rha-phy, 
suturing of the liver. — hep*a-tor-rhex'is, rup¬ 
ture of the liver.— hep*a-tor-rhcE'a. i. =Hepa- 
TORRHAGiA. 2. = Hepatic FLUX. — hep'a-to- 
scir'rhus, scirrhus of the liver.— hep-a-tos'co-py. 
I. Visual examination of the liver. 2. Liver 
divination. — hep'a-to-sple-ni'tis, simultaneous 
inflammation of the liver and spleen.— hep-a- 
tos'to-my, the operation of forming a fistula into 


the biliary canaliculi through the abdominal wall. 

— hep*a-to-ther'a-py, the use of liver substance 
as a therapeutic agent. — hep*a-tot'o-my, in¬ 
cision into the liver, or its dissection.— hep-a-to- 
tox-ae'mia, toxasmia having its origin in the 
liver.— hep'a-to-tox'in, a substance found in the 
blood which destroys liverscells.— hep'a-tosum- 
bil'i-cal, connecting the liver and the umbilicus, 
as H. ligament, the round ligament of the liver.— 
Hepatozo'bn pernicio'sum, a pathogenic haemo- 
gregarine: found in white rats in Washington. 

— hep*a-to-zo-6'ti a, that condition in which en- 
tozoa exist in the liver. 



Hepatozoon perniciosum. —Free and encysted in 
leucocyte. (Miller.) 


he-phes'tic. Pertaining to or affecting hammer¬ 
men. H. cramp = hammer*cramp. H. hemi¬ 
plegia = hammermen’s HEMIPLEGIA. [< "HipaLG- 
Tog Vulcan, god of fire and patron of smiths.] 
he-phes-ti-or'rha-phy. Application of the actual 
cautery to promote adhesion of wounds, 
hep'tad. i . Containing, replaceable by, or combin¬ 
ing with, seven hydrogen atoms. 2. An element 
or radical having an atomicity of seven, 
hep'tane. A colorless volatile liquid, C^Hjq, ob¬ 
tained from petroleum and from the resin of 
Pi'mis sabinia'na, known in its crude form as 
abietene, aurantin, erasene, and theolin. 
hep-ta-tom'ic, hep-tav'a-lent. =Heptad, def. i. 
hep'tene. = Heptylene. 

hep-to'ic acid. A colorless oily substance, C7H14O2, 
produced by distilling fat with superheated 
steam; oenanthic acid. 

hep-to-lac'tone. A compound, C^HjgOj, from re¬ 
ducing teracrylic acid with hydrobromic acid, 
hep'tose. Any of a division of the glucoses or mono¬ 
saccharides with the formula C7Hj402. fhep-to- 
su'ri a, the presence of heptose in the urine, 
hep'tyl. A univalent radical, 

hep'ty-lene. Any one of three isomeric hydrocar¬ 
bons of the formula CyHj^, particularly a color¬ 
less liquid with an odor resembling that of garlic, 
obtained by distilling boghead coal; heptene. 
hep-tyl'ic alcohol. A colorless liquid, CyHjgO, hav¬ 
ing a pleasant smell, obtained by distilling castor 
oil with potassium hydroxide; oenanthic alcohol. 
Heracle'um. Cow^parsnip, a genus of umbellifer¬ 
ous plants. H. lana'tum, American cow*parsnip, 
or masterwort, whose root has mild carminative 
properties and is sometimes used in epilepsy. It 
yields her'a-clin, a bitter principle, C32H22O10. 
her'a-pa-thite. A compound of iodine and quinine 
sulphate with the same polarizing properties as 
tourmaline, and formerly used in scrofulous 
affections. [ < Herapath, an English chemist.] 



HERAPATH’S SALT 


417 


Her'a-path’s salt. = Herapathite. H.’s test, a 
test for the detection of quinine, which consists 
in adding to the suspected solution, on a slide, a 
mixture of alcohol and acetic and sulphuric acids, 
and subsequently tincture of iodine. lodoqui- 
nine sulphate crystals are formed, which are 
recognized by their polarizing properties, 
herb. i. A plant with a soft and succulent stalk, 
which dies to the root every year, and of which 
the stem does not become woody and persistent. 
2, The tops and leaves of an herbaceous plant 
used as a remedy. H. bath, a tonic bath con¬ 
taining extract of pinemeedles or some aromatic 
herb. H.sjuice cure, a method of treating gastric 
and intestinal affections by the freshly expressed 
juices of various herbs, fher'ba-list, her'bo-rist, 
a dealer in herbs, or a practitioner who employs 
nothing but herbs and vegetable drugs, 
her-biv'o-rous. Subsisting on grasses and herbs: 

applied to animals. fHer-biv'o-ra. 

Herbst’s corpuscles. Peculiar sensory endsorgans 
in the skin covering the bill and in the mucous 
membrane of the tongue of the duck. 



Corpuscle of Herbst from Bill of Duck.— i. Nerve 
traversing lamellae of capsule. X360. 

hercu'leus mor'bus. Epilepsy. ^ 

he-red'i-ta-ry. Derived by inheritance; transmitted 
from parent to offspring. H. ataxia, a form of 
ataxia which is frequently hereditary and begins 
in childhood or youth; family ataxia; Friedreich’s 
ataxia. It is marked by ataxia, nystagmus, im¬ 
pairment of speech, certain sensory symptoms, 
and in the later stages by muscular paresis. It 
is due to combined degeneration of the antero¬ 
lateral columns of the cord and sclerosis of the 
posterior columns. H. cerebellar ataxia (of 
Marie), an hereditary disease resembling the 
hereditary ataxia of Friedreich. It is marked by 
the reeling gait of cerebellar disease, increase of 
the kneesjerk, and absence of deformities. H. 
chorea = Huntingdon’s chorea. H. disease, a 
disease transmitted from parent to child. H. 
hemorrhagic telangiectasia, multiple hereditary 
telangiectasis causing hemorrhage. [T[ J. H. B. 
’09.] H. oedema, a variety of angioneurotic 
oedema affecting several generations of a family. 
It is marked by local swellings in various parts 
of the body and gastrosintestinal disturbances. 
H. stigmata, psychical traits resembling those of 
an ancestor. H. syphilis, ^syphilis. 
he-red'i-ty. The principle or law according to 
which animals or plants inherit or transmit from 
generation to generation certain characteristics 
or tendencies. c^At.wism; Mendel’s law; 
Weismann’s theory. 

27 


HERNIA 

her'e-do-. Inherited: a combining form, as in 
heredosyphilis, etc. 

Her'ing’s drop test. A test for stereoscopic vision, 
by means of little glass balls dropf>ed along a 
thread, sometimes in front, sometimes behind 
the thread. H.’s theory, a theory of color*sensa- 
tion which supposes that there is a single visual 
substance in the retina by the assimilation or 
construction of which black, green, and blue are 
perceived, and by the dissimilation or destruction 
of which white, red, and yellow are perceived. 

Her'mann’s theory. A theory which assumes the 
existence of a hypothetical body, inogen, or true 
contractile material, which during the contrac¬ 
tion of a muscle is decomposed into carbonic 
dioxide, sarcolactic acid, and myosin. 

her-maph-ro-di'si a. A form of physical contrary 
sexual feeling in which besides homosexuality 
there is slight attraction towards the other sex. 

her-maph'ro-dism, her-maph'ro-di-tism. The state 
or condition of possessing both male and female 
organs of generation; androgynism. Pseudo¬ 
hermaphroditism. [< L. Hermaphrodi'tus fabl¬ 
ed to be the son of Her'mes (or Mercury) and Aph~ 
rodi'te (or Venus) and to have united both sexes 
in one person.] t^er-maph'ro-dite. her-maph-ro- 
dit'ic. 

her-met'ic, her-met'i-cal. i. Belonging to chemis¬ 
try. H. medicine = iatrochemistry. 2. Air* 
tight. H. sealing, the closure of an outlet or of 
a wound so that it is impervious to air. [< L. 
hermet'icus, fr.'Ep/^^f Mercury.] t^er'me-tism, the 
obsolete spagiric or chemical system of medicine. 

her-mo-phil'i a. Addiction to the use of mercurial 
remedies. [ < 'Epp^f Mercury 4- ^tkelv to love.] 

ber'nia. The displacement through an abnormal 
opening of an organ or tissue, most commonly of 
a portion of the intestine, from the cavity in 
which it is naturally contained, denominated 
reducible or irreducible according to the possibility 
or impossibility of its return to its normal posi¬ 
tion ; complete or incomplete when it traverses the 
whole or a portion of the canal through which it 
escapes; strangulated when it is so constricted 
that its vitality is threatened by the interruption 
of its circulation; and incarcerated when its re¬ 
duction is hindered by the accumulation of gases 
or by fecal matters. For other varieties of hernia 
see the adjectives and proper names. H. of the 
bladder, escape of the bladder from the abdomen 
through an abnormal opening or through the 
vagina by prolapse of its anterior wall. H. car- 
no'sa == sarcocele. H. cer'ebri = cerebral 
HERNIA. H. of the cord, escape of the intestines 
into a patent umbilical cord. H. of the cornea, 
protrusion of the membrane of Descemet through 
an opening in the outer layers of the cornea. H. 
cruraTis = FEMORAL hernia. H. humora'lis = 
ORCHITIS. H. of the iris, prolapse of the iris 
through an opening in the cornea or sclerotic. 
H. of the ovary, a hernia containing an ovary, or 
of an ovary alone. H. scro'ti = scrotal hernia. 
H. of the spleen = SPLENIC hernia. H. vari- 
co'sa = ciRSOCELE. [L., fr. ipvog branch, sprout.] 
fher'ni al, as H. aneurism, one in which the inner 
coat of the artery forms the aneurismal sac and 
protrudes, with or without the middle coat, 
through the outer coat: H. canal, the canal 
through which a hernia passes: H. hydrocele, col¬ 
lection of fluid in a hernial sac: H. ring, the con¬ 
stricted opening of a hernial sac: and H. sac, the 
pouch of peritoneum which is pushed outward 








HERNIEMPHRAXIS 


418 


HETERADENIA 


and surrounds the protruding portion of intestine 
in hernia, her'ni-a-ry. her'niate. her-ni-a'tion. 
her’ni-em-phrax'is. The cure of a hernia by me¬ 
chanical obstruction of its canal. 
her*ni-en-co-li-o'sis. Invagination of the integu¬ 
ment into a hernial canal, 
her'nio-. Relating to hernia: a combining form. 
[< Hernia.] her*ni-o-cce-li-ot'o-my=HERNio- 
LAPAROTOMY.— her’ni-o=en-te-ros'to-my, simulta¬ 
neous herniotomy and enterotomy. — her'ni-oid, 
resembling or simulating hernia.— hermi-o-lap- 
a-rot'o-my, laparotomy for the relief of her¬ 
nia.— her-ni-ol'o-gy, the science of hernias.— 
her'ni-o-plas-ty, operation for the radical cure of 
hernia.— hermi-o-punc'ture, a puncture of a her¬ 
nia.— her'ni-o-tome, a blunt^pointed knife used 
in cutting the constricted part at the neck of a 
hernia.— her-ni-ot'o-my, kelotomy, the operation 
for the relief of strangulated hernia, 
he-ro'ic. Bold; severe, as H. remedies. 
her'o-in, her'o-ine. Diacetylmorphine, CnHnN03- 
(C2H30)2, a synthetic alkaloid obtained by the 
acetylization of morphine. It is anodyne, seda¬ 
tive, and antispasmodic and is used in phthisis, 
bronchitis, asthma, etc. Dose, 0.005 to o.oi Gm. 
(tV i The hydrochloride is also used. 

He-roph'i-lus’s torcular. =Torcular herophii.i. 
her'pes. i. An obsolete term for any spreading 
cutaneous affection. 2. A cutaneous disorder 
characterized by the formation of groups of ves¬ 
icles on an inflamed base of mucous membrane 
or skin. H. catarrha'lis, a variety occurring 
upon the face or male genitals at the outbreak or 
crisis of acute febrile disturbances, and often 
preceded by a chill. H. chron'icus = lichen 
PLANUS. H. circina'tus. i. Herpes in which 
the vesicles are circular in form. 2. = Tinea 
circinata. 3. =Tinea tonsurans. H. des- 
qua'mans = TINEA imbricata. H. esthiom'enos, 
one of several ulcerating cutaneous diseases, such 
as lupus or cancer. H. ex'edens = lupus exe- 
DENS. H. facia'lis, the vesicles which form upon 
and around the lip and mouth in febrile dis¬ 
orders or indigestion; fever sores. H. febriffis = 
H. CATARRHALis or H. FACIALIS. H. gestatio'nis, 
a papular, bullous,' and vesicular cutaneous dis¬ 
ease, accompanied by pruritus, sometimes ob¬ 
served during the last months of pregnancv and 
after delivery. H. i'ris, a form in which the ves¬ 
icles are arranged in concentric circles, with dis¬ 
coloration of the skin. H. labia'lis = H. facia¬ 
lis. H. milia'ris. r. Miliaria. 2. True herpes. 
H. praeputia'lis, H. progenita'lis, herpes of the 
prepuce and glans. H. serpi'go = tinea circi¬ 
nata. H. simplex = H. catarrhalis. H. of the 
throat, herpetic vesicles in the throat preceded 
by rigors and fever. H. ton'surans = tinea ton¬ 
surans. Traumatic h., herpes in the course of 
an injured nerve or in a part from which the 
nerve*supply has been shut off. H. zos'ter, 
shingles, zona, or zoster,'a form of herpes, usually 
unilateral and preceded by neuralgia, which 
follows the course of cutaneous nerves, most 
commonly of the intercostal nerves. H. zos'ter 
ophthal'micus, a variety following the course of 
the ophthalmic nerve. [< epTre/.v to creep.] 
•fher-pet'ic, as H. asthma, asthma in combination 
with herpes: H. bridge, the appearance presented 
by phlyctenular keratitis when the ulcer creeps 
across the cornea: H. conjunctivitis, phlyctenular 
conjunctivitis: H. diathesis — n^'R'PETisyi'. H. 
fever = nERVES catarrhalis: H. keratitis, her¬ 


petic ulcers upon the cornea: H. neuralgia, the 
neuralgia ofe herpes zoster: and H. tonsillitis, an 
acute febrile disorder in whicR herpetic vesicles 
form upon the tonsils and surrounding parts, 
and rupture, giving rise to shallow ulcers which 
become covered with a fibrinous exudation, her- 
pet'i-form, having the appearance of herpes, as 
H. hydroa = der.matitis herpetiformis: and 
H. syphilide, s^syphilide. her'pe-tism, the con¬ 
stitution which predisposes to herpes, 
her-pe-tog'ra-phy, her-pe-tol'o-gy. i. The science 
of herpes. 2. The study of reptiles. 
Herpetom'onas. A genus of flagellate animal micro¬ 
parasites, which are said to be pathogenic. H. 
donova'ni, k.\l.\sazar. H. lewis'i=TRYPANo- 
soma lewisi. 

hersage (er-sazh). Loosening the fibres of a nerve, 
as for neuralgia. [F., “harrowing.”] 
Hertz'en-stein’s operation, i. Destruction of the 
roots of inverted eyelashes by means of inflam¬ 
matory action established by their being in¬ 
cluded by a silk suture. 2. Forcible dilatation 
of a stricture of the lachrymal duct by an instru¬ 
ment similar to a urethral divulsor. 

Hertz'feh-ler-zel-len. The alveolar cells loaded with 
golden pigment which occur in the sputum in pul¬ 
monary congestion. [G.] 

hertz'ian waves. Electro=magnetic waves of the 
same nature as light waves but immensely longer: 
made use of in wireless telegraphy. 

Herx'hei-mer’s spirals or spiral fibres. Peculiar 
spiral fibres between the cells of the stratum 
malpighii and the basal layer of the epidermis. 
Her'yng’s sign. In empyema of the antrum of 
Highmore, an infra=orbital shadow appears on 
introducing an electric light into the mouth, 
hes-per'e-tin. A white, crystalline decomposition 

product, CjgHi^Og, of hesperidin. 
hes-per-e-tin'ic acid. A compound, C,gHjgO^, formed 
by the action of hot potash on hesperetin. . 
hes-per'i-dene. =Citrene. 

hes-per'i-din. i. A white, crystalline glucoside, 
^22^26^12’ the rind of aurantiaceous fruits. 

2. = Naringin. 

Hes'sel-bach’s hernia. Femoral hernia with a di¬ 
verticulum through the cribriform fascia and 
presenting a lobulated 
appearance. H.’s trian¬ 
gle, a triangular space on 
the anterior abdominal 
wall included between 
the outer edge of the rec¬ 
tus abdominis, Poupart’s 
ligament, and the deep 
epigastric artery. 

Hes'sian crucible. A cru¬ 
cible made of fire*clay 
and coarse sand: used for 
melting ores and metals, 
het-ae-ro-col'i-ca. = Col- 

ICA SCORTORUM. 

het'er-a-ceph'a-lus. A mon¬ 
ster having two heads, the one larger than the 
other. [< erepog other-f/cepaA^ head.] 
het*e-ra-del'phi a. The condition in which one in¬ 
dividual of a twin monster is more fully devel¬ 
oped than the other. thet*e-ra-del'phus. 
het'e-ra-de'ni a. A heterologous formation of glan¬ 
dular substance, fhet'e-ra-den'ic, het-e-rad'e-noid, 
as H. heterotopia, formation of a heteradenoma: 
and H. tumor, a hyaline cylindroma, het-e-rad- 
e-no'ma, a heteradenic tumor. 



HETERALIUS 


419 


HETERO- 


het-e-ral'ius. An extreme heteradelphia, one in¬ 
dividual being usually reduced to a head only, 
het-e-ra-tom'ic. Composed of dissimilar atoms, 
het'e-ro-. Denoting unlikeness; other; different 
from the usual: a combining form. t^Exo-; 
HOMO-; HYPER-; HYPO- [< ercpof other.] het'- 
e-rosal'bu-mose, a variety of hemialbumose in¬ 
soluble in water, soluble in solutions of sodium 
chloride. thet*e-ro=al-bu-mo-su'ri a, the presence 
of heterosalbumose in the urine.— het'e-rosau'- 
to-plas-ty, transplantation of tissue from one por¬ 
tion of the body to another.— het'e-ro-blas'tic, 
having a different or abnormal origin; arising 
from cells which also give origin to another tis¬ 
sue.— het'e-ro-cele, a hernia within a prolapsed 
organ.— het'e-ro-cel'lu-lar, containing cells vari¬ 
ously differentiated. — het’e-ro-cen'tric, a term 
applied to rays that do not meet in a common 
centre.— het*e-ro-ceph'a-lus, a two-headed mon¬ 
ster with unequal heads.— het‘e-ro-chi'ri a, the 
correctly formed term for allochiri.v. — het'e-ro- 
chro'mi a, difference in color of paired organs or 
of portions of an organ. thet*e-ro-chro'mous. — 
het‘e-ro-chro'ni a, a deviation from the normal 
condition of a part, consisting in the persistence 
or development of some mass or tissue at a time 
when, according to the laws of health, it ought 
not to have been developed: as in a case where 
an embryonic tissue persists in some part after 
birth, or after puberty. thet*e-ro-chron'ic, as 
H. pulse = IRREGULAR PULSE: and H. tumor, a 
tumor made up of tissue not normally present at 
the time of its occurrence.— het-e-roch'tho-nous, 
originating outside of the organism.— het'e-ro- 
chy'li a, a condition in which the acidity of the 
gastric juice varies, changing suddenly from nor¬ 
mal to hyperacidity or anacidity.— het-e-ro-clad'- 
ic, derived from different arterial branches, as H. 
anastomosis. — het'e-ro-cra'ni a = hemicrani.a. — 
. het'e-ro-cri'sis, any abnormal crisis. — het’e-ro- 
der-mot'ro-phy, malnutrition of the skin.— het’e- 
ro-des-mot'ic, having centres of unequal impor¬ 
tance.— het’e-ro-did'y-mus = heteradelphus. — 
het-e-rod'y-mus, a monster with a supplementary 
head springing from the abdomen.— het-e-roe'- 
ci OU3, living on different hosts at different stages 
of development: said of parasites.— het‘e-ro-gan- 
gli-on'Ic, relating to different ganglia: said of 
connecting nerve-fibres.— hct'e-ro-ge'ne-ous, dis¬ 
similar in nature; not homogeneous.— hefe-ro- 
gen'e-sis, alternation of generation. — het*e-ro- 
ge-net'ic, het-e-ro-gen'ic. i. Relating to hetero¬ 
genesis. 2. Produced from others; not autoge¬ 
nous.— het'e-rosin-fec'tion. i. Infection conveyed 
by a non-infected person. 2. Infection by a 
poison generated outside of the organism, 
Self-infection. — het*8-rosin-oc-u-la'tion, in¬ 
oculation from another, fhet’e-rosin-oc'u-la-ble. 
— het'e-ro-la'li a = heterophonia. — het-e-rol'- 
o-gous, deviating from the normal in structure or 
form, as H. osteoma, a bony tumor growing in 
some structure other than a bone: H. serum, a 
serum differing in certain respects from the nor¬ 
mal: H. stimulus, an extrinsic stimulus acting 
upon the entire tract of a sensory apparatus: H. 
tissue, a morbid tissue which is of an entirely 
different structure from that of the normal tissue 
of the part: and H. tumor, a tumor compo.sed of 
tissue of a different character from the tissue 
on which it grows.— het-e-rol'o-gy, abnormality 
of structure; deviation from the normal stand¬ 
ard in respect to structural elements.— het*e-ro- 


lo'pi a, het-e-rol'o-py, the presence or formation 
of anomalous scabs,— het-e-rol'y-sin, a lysin pro¬ 
duced in the blood of one species of animal by 
the introduction of the blood of another species. 

IsoLYSiN. — het-e-rol'y-sis, the haemolytic 
action of the blood-serum of one animal upon the 
corpuscles of another species. — het‘e-ro-mas'ti- 
gote, having one reversed flagellum. [*\\Dl. ’09.] 
— het-e-rom'e-ral cells, one of the varieties of 
nerve-cells of the spinal cord, whose axis-cylinder 
processes pass by way of the anterior commissure 
to the white substance of the opposite side. (S- 
Hecatomeral cells; tautomeral cells. — het- 
e-rom'e-rou3, differing in number, parts, or com¬ 
position. — het‘e-ro-me-tro'pi a, the condition 
marked by differing kinds of refraction in the two 
eyes.— het*e-ro-mor'phism, het'e-ro-mor'phi a, 
deviation from that which is normal in respect 
to form, structure, or composition; the assump¬ 
tion of a different form. thet*e-ro-mor'phous.— 
het’e-ro-mor-pho'sis, a malformation, or a disease 
characterized by one.— het'e-ro-ne-phrot'ro-phy, 
degeneration of the kidney.— het-e-ron'y-mous, 
having different names; standing in opposite re¬ 
lations, as H. diplopia, crossed diplopia: and// 
parallax, ts- paralla.x. — het'e-ro=os'te-o-p)as-ty, 
transplantation of bone, especially from one 
person to another, or from an animal to man. 
— het-e-rop'a-gus, a double monstrosity consist¬ 
ing of a fully developed individual with rudi¬ 
mentary head, trunk, arms, and legs attached 
to its anterior abdominal wall. fl^et'e-ro-pa'- 
gia. — het-e-rop'a-thy = allopathy. — het‘e-ro- 
pha'sia, het-e-roph'e-my, habitual or frequent 
misuse of words due to some mental disorder.— 
het*e-ro-pho'ni a, an abnormal state of the voice 
or of phonation.— het*e-ro-pho-ral'gi a, painful 
symptoms caused by heterophoria. — het*e-ro- 
pho'ri a, absence of parallelism between the 
visual lines.— hefe-roph-thal'mi a, het'e-roph- 
thal'mus. r. Difference of any kind between the 
two eyes. 2. Difference in color between the 
irides of the two eyes or between sections of the 
iris in one eye; heterochromia.— het*e-ro-pla'si a, 
hot’e-rop'la-sis, formation or presence of tissue in 
a part where it is not found normally; irregular 
development; substitution of normal for abnor¬ 
mal tissue, fhet'e-ro-plas'tic, as H. operation, 
one in which tissue is removed from one place to 
another: H.rhinoplasty, RniViORLASTY'. and//. 
tumor, a tumor made up of a tissue different from 
the one in which it occurs.— het'e-ro-plasm, a 
tissue differing from that by which it is sur¬ 
rounded.— het'e-ro-plas-ty, a grafting operation 
in which the implanted tissues are taken from 
another person or from some animal.— het*e-ro- 
pro-so'pus, a foetus having two faces.— het'e-ro- 
pro'te-ose, one of the two soluble proteids formed 
from acid-albumin and water, the other primary 
proteose being protoproteose, Proteose. — 
het’e-ro-rex'ia, depraved appetite. — het’e-ror- 
rhi'no-plas-ty, rhinoplasty in which the flap is 
taken from another person.— het'e-ro-scope, an 
instrument for measuring the various angles at 
which a deviating strabismic eye can see.— het- 
e-ros'co-py, deutero.scopy; abnormal vision.— 
het*e-ro-sex-u-al'i-ty, abnormal or perverted 
sexual feeling toward the opposite sex.— het*e- 
ro-tax'i a, misplacement or displacement of vis¬ 
cera, especially situs transversus. fhet'e-ro- 
tax'ic. — het-e-rot'o-py, misplacement, or dis¬ 
placement, of parts of viscera; abnormality in 


HETOL 


420 


HID Re¬ 


position ; heteroplasia. H. of the brain, a neo¬ 
plasm of gray nervesmatter at an abnormal point 
in the brain, fhet'e-ro-top'ic, het-e-rot'o-pous, 
as H. tumor, heteroplastic tumor. — het'e-ro- 
tox'in, a toxin formed within the body as the re¬ 
sult of the introduction of some organism from 
without or by the agency of some organism with¬ 
out the body. — het*e-ro-tro'phi a, a perversion of 
nutrition.— het'e-ro-tro'pi a, strabismus, fhet-e- 
rot'ro-pous, having the axes improperly directed. 

— het-e-ro-typ'i a, the condition in which an im¬ 
perfectly developed foetus is attached to the ante¬ 
rior surface of another, fhet'e-ro-typ'ic, -typ'i-cal. 
het-e-rot'y-pus.—het*e-ro-xan'thine, a leucomaine, 
CgHgN^Og, methylxanthine, found in the urine. 

— het*e-ro-zy'gote. L. ij. ’09.] 

he'tol. Sodium cinnamate, prepared synthetically, 
het'ra-lin. Resorcinol*hexamethy]enamine, a pro¬ 
prietary urinary antiseptic. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
het*to-cyr-to'sis. A slight degree of curvature. 
Heub'ner’s disease. Syphilitic endocarditis. 
Heu'chera. A genus of saxifragaceous plants. H. 
america'na, alum=root, a United States species 
having marked astringent and styptic properties, 
heur'te-loup. = Leech, artificial. 

Heus'ler’s alloy. An alloy of copper, manganese 
and aluminum: iron*free but markedly magnetic. 
He' vea. ^Elastica; caoutchouc, fhe've-nene, 
an amberscolored, oily substapee, CJ5H24, ob¬ 
tained by distilling caoutchouc or gutta=percha. 
Hew'son’s dressing. Dry earth containing 50% of 
clay: used for dressing wounds, etc. 
hex'a-. Signifying six; containing or replaceable by 
six atoms, especially of hydrogen: a combining 
form. [< six.] hex-a-ba'sic. i. Containing six 
atoms of hydrogen replaceable by a base. 2. 
Formed from a hexabasic acid by the substitution 
of a base for six hydrogen atoms.— hex-a-bi'o-ses, 
one of the subdivisions of the class disaccharides, 
having the formula and including 

sucrose, lactose, maltose, etc.— hex-ac'id, con¬ 
taining six hydroxyl groups for which an acid 
radical can be substituted. — hex'ad = sexiva- 
LENT. — hex-a-dac'ty-lism, the presence of six 
fingers on one hand or of six toes on one foot, 
fhex-a-dac'ty-lous. — hex-a-dec'ane, a white, 
waxy hydrocarbon, of the paraffin series, 

contained in American petroleum; cetane.— 'hex'- 
a-hydro-di-py'ri-dyl — nicotine. — hex'a-hydro- 
haem*a-to-por'phy-rin, a coloring matter obtained 
from haematin by reducing agents.— hex'a-hy- 
dro-py'ri-dine = piperidine. — hex'a-meth‘y-le- 
nam'i-na*, hex‘a-meth-y-le-nam'ine, hexamethyl- 
enestetramine, CgHjgN^, a condensation product 
obtained by the action of ammonia upon formalde¬ 
hyde; aminoform; cystamin; cystogen; urotro- 
pine: a genito=urinary antiseptic. Dose, 0.25 Gm. 
(4 grs.).— hex'ane, a paraffin of the composition 
CgHj4.— Hexathyrid'ium, a doubtful genus of tre- 
matode worms. H. pinguic'ola was found in one 
case in an ovarian tumor, and H. vena'rum in 
blood and sputum.— hex-a-tom'ic. i. Contain¬ 
ing six atoms. 2. Containing six replaceable 
hydrogen atoms.— hex-av'a-lent = sexivalent. 
hex-de-cyl'ic alcohol. = Cetyl alcohol. 
Hex'en-milch. A secretion resembling milk from 
the breast of newborn children, as in mastitis 
neonatorum. [Ger., “witches’ milk.’’] 
hex-i-col'o-gy, hex-i-ol'o-gy. The study or dis¬ 
cussion of the effects of environment upon an 
organism. [< 'iEtg habit-f- discourse.] 
bex-o'ic acid. =Caproic acid. 


hex'one bases. Arginine, lysine, and histidine. 

Base. 

hex'os-es. One of the subdivisions of the glucoses, 
having the formula CgHjjOg, and including man¬ 
nose, glucose, galactose, fructose, acrose, etc. 
hex'o-yl. =Caproyl. 

hex'yl. CgHjj. H. chloral (CgHgClaO) is a chloral 
having rather feeble hypnotic powers, 
hex-yl-am'ine. A poisonous base, CgHjgN, occur¬ 
ring in putrefying yeast and coddiver oil; capro- 
ylamine. 

Hey’s amputation. Amputation of the foot by dis¬ 
articulating the metatarsus from the tarsus and 
sawing off the projecting end of the internal 
cuneiform bone on a level with the other tarsal 
bones. H.’s hernia = encysted hernia. H.’s 
ligament, the upper and inner portion of the fal¬ 
ciform process of the fascia lata bounding the 
saphenous opening. H.’s saw, a small saw shaped 
like a double-bladed hatchet, used for removing 
fragments of bone in trephining. 

Hg. The chemical symbol for mercury. 
hi-a'tion. Holding the mouth open; yawning, 
hi-a'tus. A foramen; an aperture. H. aor'ticus* 
= AORTIC OPENING. H. cana'lis facia'lis* or H. 
fallo'pii, an opening on the anterior surface of 
the petrous portion of the temporal bone at the 
beginning of the aqueduct of Fallopius. H. 
femora'lis, the femoral ring. H. interos'seus, the 
space above the interosseous membrane of the 
forearm through which the posterior interosse¬ 
ous vessels pass. H. cesopha'geus* = cesopha- 
GEAL OPENING. H. sacra'lis*, the opening at the 
lower end of the sacral canal. H. sacrococcyg'- 
eus, the space between the sacrum and the 
coccyx for the fifth posterior sacral nerve. H. 
of Scarpa, H. of Winslow = Winslow’s fora¬ 
men. H. semiluna'ris. i. The opening in the 
fascia of the arm which transmits the basilic 
vein and the internal cutaneous nerve. 2. The 
opening through which the antrum of Highmore 
connects with the middle meatus of the nose. 
H. spina'lis congen'ita = spina bifida. [L.] 
hi-ber-na'tion. The dormant condition into which 
certain animals enter during cold weather, 
hiccough, hiccup (hfc'up). A quick inspiration 
caused by spasm of the diaphragm and inter¬ 
rupted by closure of the glottis; singultus, 
hick'o-ry. A plant of the genus Ca'rya, more par¬ 
ticularly C. al'ha, whose bark is tonic: used in ma¬ 
larial fevers. Dose of the fl. ext., 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). 
Hicks’s sign. —Braxton Hicks’s sign. 
hid'den seizure. A slight or sudden unobserved 
convulsive attack. 

hide'sbound. Having the skin tense; scleroderma¬ 
tous. H. disease, scleroderma, 
hid-rad-e-ni'tis. = Hidrosadenitis. 
hid-rad-e-no'ma. Adenoma of a sebaceous gland, 
hid'ro-. Relating to sweat; sweaty: a combining 
form. [< I 6 p 6 )q sweat.] hi-dro'a, sudamina or 
any other cutaneous disorder accompanied by 
sweating.— hid-ro=an'co-ne=MiLiARiA anginosa. 
— hidTO-cryp-to'sis, any disease or anomaly of 
the sweat-glands.— hidTO-cys-to'ma, a chronic 
variety of sudamina of the face.— hi-dro-der'- 
mi a, any anomaly of the secretion of sweat.— 
hi'dro-man-cy, prognosis based on examination 
of the perspiration.^ hi-dron'o-sos, -sus, any 
disease of the sweat-glands, especially sudor 
anglicus.— hid'ro-pe-de'sis, excessive sweating.— 
hi-droph'o-rous = sudoriferous. — hid-ro-pla'- 
nia, sweating in an unusual location. — hid’ro- 


HIERA PICRA 


421 


HIPPOCRATIC 


poi-e'sis, the process of the formation of sweat, 
thid’ro-poi-et'ic.— hid-ror-rhce'a, profuse sweat¬ 
ing. — hid*ro-sad-e-ni'tis, inflammation of the 
sweat-glands resulting in the formation of small 
abscesses.— hi-dros'chi-sis, suppression or reten¬ 
tion of the perspiration.— hi-dro'sis. i. The for¬ 
mation of sweat. 2. A cutaneous disease charac¬ 
terized by sweating. 3. Any disease in which 
sweating is a prominent symptom. th.i-drot'ic. 
— hid'ro-to-path'ic, abnormal in respect to per¬ 
spiration.— hid-ro-to-pce'i a, hid*ro-to-poi-e'sis = 
HiDROPoiESis.— hid-ro-zy'mase, a sweat*ferment, 
such as amylase, pepsin, or emiilsin. 
hi'era pic'ra. =Pulvis aloes et canell^. 
Hiera'cium. A genus of composite herbs. H. 
grono'vi, hairy hawkweed, a United States species 
whose root is used in toothache and the bruised 
leaves for w'arts. H. peleteria'num, H. pilosel'la, 
or H. pilosellaefor'me, creeping mouse^ear, mouse* 
ear hawkweed, a European species having astrin¬ 
gent and pectoral properties. H. veno'sum, 
rattlesnake*weed, is said to be effective in the 
trea-tment of snake*bites. [< iepa^ hawk.] 
hi-e-ral'gi a. Pain in the sacrum. [< ifpdr .sacrum 
-f dAyof pain.] 

hi'e-ro-ma'ni a. Religious mania. [< iepdf sacred.] 
thi’e-ro-ther'a-py, treatment of disease by faith 
and by prayer. 

high dilutionist. A homoeopath who believes in 
extreme dilution of medicines. H. lithotomy = 

SUPRAPUBIC LITHOTOMY. 

High'more’s antrum or sinus. = Maxillary sinus. 
H.’s body = MEDIASTINUM TESTIS*, f^^igh-mor- 
i'tis, inflammation of the maxillary sinus, 
hi'lar. Belonging to a hilum. 

Hillhou' sia mirab'ilis. A giant sulphur bacterium, 
hill colic or diarrhoea. A painful diarrhoea, with 
fever, prevalent in the hill regions of India. 

Hill’s sphygmometer, Sphygmometer. 

Hil'ton’s law. The law that a nerve*trunk supply¬ 
ing a joint supplies also the muscles that move 
the joint and the skin over those muscles. H.’s 
line, an inconstant white line indicating the 
demarcation between the skin and the perineum 
and between the skin and the mucous membrane 
of the larynx. H.’s muscle = aryt^no*epiglot- 
TIDEUS. H.’S sac, the laryngeal pouch. [< John 
Hilton, an English surgeon, 1804-1878.] 
hi'lum, hi'lus*. That portion of an organ or gland at 
which its blood*vessels and nerves pass to or from 
its substance or at which its duct emerges. H. hep'- 
atis, the transverse fissure of the liver. H. of the 
kidney, the slit*like orifice of the kidney through 
which the vessels enter the sinus. H. liena'le = 
H. OF THE SPLEEN. H. of the lung, a fissure in the 
lung at the point of attachment of its root. H. of 
the spleen, the concave portion of the spleen. H. 
vena'le = H. of the kidney. [L., “a trifle.”] 
hind. Being in the rear. H.=brain, that portion 
of the embryonic brain, representing the fourth 
secondary cerebral vesicle, from which the pons, 
the cerebellum, the upper part of the fourth ven¬ 
tricle, and the surrounding structures are de¬ 
veloped; epencephalon; metencephalon*. H.sgut, 
that portion of the embryonic intestinal canal 
from which the large intestine is developed, H.s 
kidney = metanephros. 
hinge'sjoint. = Ginglymus. 

hin'ny. The offspring of a stallion and a she*ass: 
not always sterile. 

hip. I . The parts in the immediate vicinity of the 
hipsjoint, especially just above it: ro^a*. 2. The 


hipsjoint. H.sbath ^ sitzsbath. H.sbone, the in¬ 
nominate bone; also the ischium. H.sgirdle, the 
pelvic * girdle. H.sgout, sciatica. H.sjoint, the 
articulation between the femur and the innomi¬ 
nate bone ; 
articul atio 
coxae*. H.s 
joint disease, 
a disease of 
the hipsjoint, 
most com¬ 
monly met 
with in 
youth, char¬ 
acterized by 
severe pain, 
caries, and 
destructive 
processes 
within the 
joint, leading 
to deform¬ 
ities. H. pes- 
t i 1 e n c e = 

STRADDLING 
DISEASE. 

Outer View OF Left Hip-bone. — i. Ilium. 2. Ischium. 
3. Pubis. 4. Crest of the ilium. 5, 6, 7. Middle, in¬ 
ferior, and superior curved lines. 8,9. Anterior, supe¬ 
rior, and inferior spines. 10, ii. Posterior, superior, 
and inferior spines. 12. Spine of the ischium. 13. 
Great sciatic notch. 14. Small sciatic notch. 15. 
Tuberosity of the ischium. 16. Ramus of the ischium. 
17. Horizontal ramus of the pubis. 18. Descending 
ramus. 19. Acetabulum. 20, Obturator foramen. 
(Leidy.) 

hip'ling. A foetus presenting by the hip. 
hip-pan'thro-py. A delusion in which the patient 
thinks himself a horse or endowed with some of 
the qualities or marks peculiar to a horse, 
hip-pi'a-try. Veterinary medicine or surgery. [< 
'iwiroq horse -f- larpoc physician.] Jhip-pi-a'ter, a 
horsesdoctor. hip-pi-at'ric. 
hip'po. An arrow poison of Africa. 

Hippobro'ma. A genus of lobeliaceous plants. H. 
longifo'lia of the West Indies is violently cathar¬ 
tic and exceedingly poisonous, 
hip'po-camp. = Hippocampus major. 
hip-po-cam'pal. Pertaining to or near a hippo¬ 
campus. H. convolution, a gyrus situated be¬ 
tween the hippocampal and collateral fissures, 
terminating in the uncinate process in front and 
continuous with the gyrus fornicatus behind. 
H. fissure, a fissure on the mesial surface of the 
cerebrum, running from the splenium to near the 
apex of the temporal lobe. H. region, the hip¬ 
pocampus major and the portion of the uncinate 
gyrus overlapping it. 

hippocam'pus ma'jor. The cornu ammonis, a pro¬ 
jection in the floor of the middle cornu of the 
lateral ventricle, the expanded and indented 
lower extremity of which constitutes the pes. H. 
mi'nor, the calcar avis, or ergot, a small eminence 
of white substance in the posterior cornu of the 
lateral ventricle. [ < 'nnroKafiKoq sea horse.] 
Hip-poc'ra-tes’s bandage. = Capeline bandage. 
hip-po-crat'ic. Pertaining to Hippocrates. H. 
countenance, expression, face, or facies = facies 
HIPPOCRATICA, H. nail, or finger, a condition, 
observed often in pulmonary or cardiac disease, 
in which the nails curve over the ends of the 
fingers, giving them a clubbed appearance. H. 
sound, the splashing sound caused by the pres- 




HIPPOCRATISM 


422 


HISTO- 


encc of fluid in the thorax or in a dilated stomach 
when the patient is shaken. H. succussion, a 
splashing sound in hydro* or pyospneufnothorax 
caused by shaking the patient, 
hip-poc'ra-tism. The system, followed by Hippoc¬ 
rates, of imitating the process of nature in the 
treatment of disease. 

hip'po-lith. The variety of bezoar found in the 
horse. [< 'i-tzoc horse -t- ?jHog stone.J 
Hippom'ane. A genus of euphorbiaceous trees. H. 
mancinel'la, H. manzanil'lo, the manchineel of 
Central America, yields caoutchouc and an acrid 
juice used as a caustic. The leaves are employed 
in leprosy and skin diseases. H. spino'sa, a spe¬ 
cies with properties similar to those of H. manci- 
nella: used in intermittent fevers, 
hip-po-pa-thol'o-gy. That branch of general medi¬ 
cine which treats of the diseases of the horse, 
hip-poph'a-gy. The use of horse*flesh as a food, 
hip-pot'o-my. The dissection 
and anatomy of the horse, 
hip-pu'ric acid. A monobasic 
crystalline acid, CgHgNOj, 
benzoyl glygocoll, found in 
large quantities in the urine 
of herbivora (2%) and in 
small amounts (0.7 Gm. per 
day) in human urine. [< 

/Trrrof horse + ovpov urine.] 
fhip'pu-rate, a salt of hippu- 
ric acid: the hippurates of 
calcium, lithium, and mag¬ 
nesium have been used in 
the treatment of uric*acid 
deposits. Dose, 0.3 to i 
Gm. (5 to 15 grs.). hip- 
pu'ri a, the presence in human 
urine of an excess of hippuric 
acid. 

Hippu'ris vulga'ris. Mare’s^tail, a genus of halo- 
rageous aquatic plants which are astringent, 
hip'pus. I. Rapid alternate contraction and dila¬ 
tation of the pupil. 2. Nictitation. [</7r7rof 
horse: from a resemblance to a horse’s gait.] 
hir'cic, hir-cin'ic acid. A fatty acid, found in 
goats’ butter and some fats, of uncertain com¬ 
position, but possibly an impure capric or caproic 
acid. thir'cin, hir'cine, the oily body from 
which hircic acid is derived, 
hir-cis'mus. The strong odor of the human axilla, 
which resembles that of the male goat, 
hir' cus. I. The tragus of the ear. 2. The inner 

canthus of the eye. [L., “a goat.”] 

Hirsch'feld’s ganglion. The hippocampal gyrus. 
H.’s nerve, a branch of the facial nerve distrib¬ 
uted to the styloglossus and the palatoglossus. 
Hirsch'sprung’s disease. Congenital idiopathic dila¬ 
tation of the lower part of the colon, 
hir'sute. Hairy; shaggy. [< L. hirsu'ius hairy.] 
hir-su'ti-es. Overgrowth of hair, or its occurrence 
in an unusual locality; hairiness. H. adna'ta, a 
condition in which long hair covers the entire 
body or large parts of it at birth. H. gestatio'nis, 
overgrowth of hair during pregnancy. 

Hirtz’s rale. A moist subcrepitant rale, somewhat 
metallic in character: heard in tuberculous 
softening. 

hi -ru'din. A principle obtained from the heads of 

leeches by physiological salt solution: used to 
prevent the coagulation of blood. Dose, 0.001 
Gm. gr.). 

Hiru'do. i. A genus of annelid worms, usually 


referred to Sanguisug.\; a leech. H. medicina'- 
lis, H. officina'lis = S.\NGUisuGA medicinalis. 
H. sanguisu'ga, the American leech, sometimes 
substituted for the official variety, but without 
as good re.sults. 2. = Leech extract. 

His’s bundle. A slender fasciculus of fibres between 
the auricle and ventricle of the heart, through 
which the muscular contractions are transmitted 
from the auricle to the ventricle. tsf- Heart* 
BLOCK. H.’s bursa, a dilatation of the end of the 
archenteron of the embryo. H.’s granule=cell, 
a cell, possibly a leucocyte, in the stroma of the 
ovary. H.’s perivascular spaces, lymph *spaces 
surrounding the blood*vessels of the spinal cord. 
H.’s tissue, adenoid tissue. 

hiss'ing respiration. Respiration of a hissing nature, 
as in the paroxysms of spasmodic asthma. 

his'tic. Relating to tissues. 

his'ti-dlne. An amino*acid belonging to the ali¬ 
phatic series and obtained from proteins by 
means of hydrolytic cleavage. 

his'ti-oid. = Histoid. 

his'to-. Relating to tissue: a combining form. [< 
iaroi' tissue.] his'to-blast, a tissue*cell.— his-to- 
chem'is-try, the chemistry of the organic tis.sues. 
fhis'to-chem'i-cal. — hisdo-di-al'y-sis, a resolu¬ 
tion of organic tissue, fhis'to-di-a-lyt'ic. — his- 
to-gen'e-sis, his-tog'e-ny, the formation and de¬ 
velopment of tissue. fffis'to-ge-net'ic, as H. 
plasm, that portion of the protoplasm of a germ* 
cell which is concerned in the acquisition and 
elaboration of nutritive matter.— his-tog'ra-phy, 
a description of the organic tissues. — his-to- 
haem'a-tins, coloring matters found in the tissues, 
whose absorption bands are lessened by acids 
and increased by alkalies, and regarded as active 
agents in tissue respiration.— his'toid, resembling 
the tissues of the surrounding parts, as H. tumor, 
one formed of a single tissue element resembling 
the surrounding tissues. — his’to-ki-ne'sis, the 
movements which occur in the cellular elements 
of an organism.— his-toTo-gy, the science of the 
minute structure and composition of the different 
tissues of organized bodies. When it treats of 
normal tissues it is called Normal h.; and when of 
tissues altered by disease. Pathological h. Hitman 
h. treats of the tissues of man; Comparative h. 
treats of the tissues of the lower animals, and of 
man as one of the animals; Vegetable h. treats of 
the tissues of plants, fhis-to-log'ic, as H. accom¬ 
modation, change in the structure and function 
of tissue*cells in conformity to changed condi¬ 
tions: H. anatomy = histology: and H. lesion, a 
microscopic lesion, his-tol'o-gist.— his-tol'y-sis, 
decay and dissolution of the organic tissues, 
this-to-lyt'ic.— his-to-mor-phol'o-gy, the mor¬ 
phology of the ultimate elements of the tissues. 

— his'tones, a class of comparatively simple pro- 
teids of a basic nature: similar to the protam¬ 
ines. — his-ton'o-my, the laws wffiich regulate 
the formation and arrangement of organic tis¬ 
sues.— his-to-pa-thol'o-gy, morlnd or pathological 
histology.— his'to-phys-i-oTo-gy, the physiology 
of tissue*elements.— histoplasmo'sis hom'inis, a 
fatal disease of Central America, clinically resem¬ 
bling KALA*AZAR. It is due to a microparasite, 
Histoplas'ma capsula'tum.. [T[ J. A. Af. A. ij.’oS.] 

— his-to-psy'che, the psychological function of 
tissue. Dl. ’09.] — his’to-psy-choTo-gy, com¬ 
bined histology and psychology.— his-to-ther'- 
a-py, the employment of animal tissues as a 
remedy.— his'to-tome, any cutting instrument 



HISTRIONIC 


423 


HOMAL- 


iised in histological researches. (^Microtome.— 
his-tot'o-my, the dissection of organic tissues. 

— his'to-trip-sy, the surgical crushing of tissues. 

— his-tot'ro-mv, fibrillary contraction. — his-to- 
troph'ic, relating to the nutrition of the tissues. 

— his-to-zo'ic, living in tissues, as parasites.— 
his'to-zyme, an enzyme which originates many 
forms of enzymosis. 

his-tri-on'ic. Resembling an actor or his motions. 
H. mania, mania with exaggeration of an actor’s 
manner. H. muscles, the muscles of expression. 
H. spasm, risus sardonicus; convulsive tic. 
his'tri-o-nism. Theatrical and dramatic action and 
speech as a symptom of insanity. 

Hit'torf’s tube, Rontgen rays. 
hive syrup. Compound syrup of squill, 
hives. Urticaria; also chicken-pox; croup; laryn¬ 
gitis; or almost any cutaneous disorder. 

HI. T. Abbr. for latent hypermetropia. 2. Abbr. 
for hectolitre. 

Hm. I. Abbr. for manifest hypermetropia. 2. 

Abbr. for hectometre. 

H.^O. Chemical formula for water. 

HjO,. Chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide. 
hoang=nan. (h 6 -ang’n 4 n'). A Chinese preparation 
from the bark of Strych'nos gaulthe'ria, 
hoar'hound. =Horehound. 

hoarse. Having a rough or coarse sound, as the 
voice when affected by a cold, fhoarse'ness. 
hob'nail or hob'nailed liver. A diseased liver hav¬ 
ing upon its surface a number of small projec¬ 
tions resembling the hobs on shoes. 

Ho-bo-ke'ni us’s valves. Transverse ridges upon 
the inner surfaces of the umbilical vessels. 
Ho'che-negg’s operation. An operation for cancer 
of the rectum. 

Hoch'sing-er’s sign. The presence of indicanuria 
in tuberculosis of childhood 
hock. I. A name for various kinds of German 
white wines. 2. The ham. 3. The heel of a horse’s 
hind leg. 

Ho-da'ra’s disease. A variety of trichorrhexis no¬ 
dosa occurring among Turkish women. 

Hodge’s plane. A plane parallel to that of the 
pelvic inlet, passing through the second sacral 
vertebra and the upper border of the pubic bone. 
Hodg'kin’s disease. A disease of young persons, 
without known etiology, characterized by some 
anaemia, and progressive enlargement without 
confluence of the lymphatic glands, showing a 
characteristic histological picture; pseudoleukae¬ 
mia; multiple lymphadenoma: usually fatal in 
two or three years. 

Hodg'son’s dilatation or disease. Dilatation, due to 
disease of the vessel, of the portion of the aorta 
near the heart. H.’s operation, ligation of the 
axillary artery immediately under the clavicle, 
hoe. A dental and surgical scraping instrument. 
Hoff'mann’s anodyne. =Spiritus ^theris com- 
posiTus*. H.’s method, operative disintegration 
of the tissue of the tonsils by a hook. H.’s pap¬ 
illoma or polypus, hypertrophy of the nasal mu¬ 
cosa sometimes of papillomatous appearance. 
H.’s serum = ANTI-EPITHELIOMATOUS SERUM. 
H.’s sign, increase of the mechanical irritability 
of the sensory .nerves in tetany. H.’s violet, an 
aniline dye used in microscopy, 
hog cholera. An acute contagious febrile disease 
of swine, with a macular and papular eruption, 
cough, staggering gait, emaciation, and debility; 
swine plague; pneumo-enteritis: not due to the 
Bacil'lus sal'moni. H. erysipelas = rouget. H. 


gum = DOCTOR-GUM. H.’s lard, c^adeps suillus, 
AxuNGiA PORCiNA. H. measles, isr measles, def. 
2. H. weed, Heracle'um spondyl'tum, Poiyg'o- 
nuni avicula're, Son'chns arven'sis, or To'rilis an- 
thris'cus. 

Hohl’s method. An obstetrical procedure to pre¬ 
vent rupture of the perineum, consisting in offer¬ 
ing resistance to a too rapid expulsion of a foetus, 
hol'a-gogue. A remedy capable of expelling a dis¬ 
ease entirely. [< bko<; all + aytoyoq driving out.] 
hokan-en-ce-pha'li a. Congenital lack of brain, 
hol-ar-thri'tis. = Hamarthritis. fhol-ar-thrit'ic. 
Hol'den’s line. A slight furrow crossing the thigh 
on about a level with the middle of the capsule 
of the hip-joint. 

hol'der. An instrument for holding sponges, etc. 
Hol'der’s horizontal plane. The auriculo-infraor- 
bital plane. 

hold'sfast. The tumor caused by actinomycosis. 
Hol'land gin, hol'lands. A gin, originally made in 
Holland, flavored with juniper-berries only, 
hol'low. Having an empty space or cavity; having 
a reverberated sound. H.=back=LORDOsis. H.s 
foot = talipes cavus. H.srespiration or sound 
= a.mphoric respiration. 
hol'ly. =Ilex. 

hol'ly-hock. The plant AUhce'a r o'sea, having 
properties similar to those of Althce'a officina'lis. 
Holmes’s operation. Excision of the os calcis. 
Holm'gren’s test. A test for color-blindness, in 
which the patient is made to select given colors 
(especially pink and green) or match them from a 
number of colored skeins (Holmgren’s worsteds), 
hol'mia. A local anaesthetic. 

hol'o-. Denoting the whole; entire: a combining 
form. [< bko^ whole, entire.] hol-o-blas'tic, a 
term applied to the ova of certain animals, in 
which the entire egg undergoes segmentation, 
and hence the whole (or very nearly the whole) 
of the yolk goes to t’he formation of the germ, 
scarcely any part being nutritive, thol'o-blast, 
a holoblastic ovum.— hol-o-ca'ine, a crystalline 
combination of paraphenetidin and acetpheneti- 
din; paradiethoxyethenyl-diphenylamine: used 
as a local anaesthetic, especially in the form of 
the hydrochloride in a 1% solution.— hol'o-crine, 
wholly secretory, as of glands.— hol-o-gas'tru-la, 
a gastrula without nutritive yolk.— hol-o-mas'ti- 
gote. Having flagella on all sides. Dl. ’09.] 

•— hol'o-nar-co'sis, complete or very profound nar¬ 
cosis.— ho-lop'a-thy. i. A disease that affects 

the whole body. 2. The theory that disease is the 
result of a general constitutional disorder.— hol- 
o-phlyc'tis, a more correct form of olophlyctis. 
— hol-o-plex'i a, general or complete paralysis.— 
hol'o-pole = TWIN-POLE. — hol'or-rha-chis'chi-sis, 
complete congenital absence of the vertebral 
canal.— ho-los'chi-sis, indirect cell-division. — 
hol’o-scle-ro'sis, a general sclerosis.— hol-o-sym'- 
phy-sis, perfect union.— hol-o-tet'a-nus, tetanus 
affecting the entire body.— ho-!ot'o-my, com¬ 
plete excision.— hol-o-ton'ic, relating to holo- 
tetanus.— hol-o-zo'ic, having entirely animal char¬ 
acters.— hol'o-zyme = fibrin-ferment. 
Holt'house’s hernia. Inguinocrural hernia. 

Holtz machine. A form of electrical apparatus for 
developing static electricity, 
hom'al-, hom'a-lo-. Denoting flatness: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< o/iaAdf flat.] hom*a-lo-ceph'a-lu 3 , 
flat-headed.— hom'a-lo-cor'y-phus, a term for a 
skull in which the angle formed by the meeting, 
at the highest point above the horizontal plane 


HOMATROPINvE HYDROBROMIDUM 


424 


HONEYCOMB LUNG 


of the skull, of two lines drawn from the bregma 
and the occipital point to the point mentioned is 
between 132® and 142®. — hom-a-log'ra-phy, the 
study of anatomy by means of sections or 
sketches of sections of an organ or of a part, 
fhom’a-lo-graph'ic.— hom’a-lo-me-to'pus, a term 
for a skull in which the frontal angle is between 
130.5® and 141®.— hom’a-lo-pis‘tho-cra'nius, a 
term for a skull in which the angle formed by 
the meeting, at the highest point above the 
horizontal plane of the skull, of two lines drawn 
to that point from the external occipital protu¬ 
berance and the punctum occipitale is between 
140® and 154®.— hom*a-105u'ra-nus, a term for a 
skull in which the angle made by the intersection 
of two lines drawn to the highest point of the 
roof of the mouth from the posterior nasal spine 
and the premaxillary point is between 147.5° 
and 163.5®. 

homatropiVae hydrobro'midum*. Homatropine hy¬ 
drobromide, CjgHgiNOg.HBr, the hydrobromide 
of HOMATROPINE. Dose, 0.0005 Gm. gr.). 

ho-mat'ro-pine. An alkaloid, CjgHgjNOg, obtained 
by the condensation of tropine and mandelic 
acid: used like atropine, but less toxic. Dose, 
0.0005 to 0.001 Gm. to YY gi"-)- H. hydro- 
bromide = HOMATROPIN/E HYDROBROMIDUM* 
home cholera. = Cholera morbus. 
ho'me-o-. ts- Homo-, homceo-. 
home'sick-ness. = N ostalgia. 
hom'i-ci-dal mania. Insanity with impulse to kill. 
hom*i-ni-sec'tion. Human dissection, 
hom-i-niv'o-rous. Parasitic upon or within man. 
ho'mo. Man; a human being. H. ala'tus, an individ¬ 
ual whose scapulae project like wings. H. sa'piens, 
the specific name for man. [L.] 
ho'mo-, ho'moe-o-. Denoting sameness or equality: 
a combining form. is-Hetero-. [< o//6f equal, 
same; bfioioq like.] ho-mo-blas'tic, springing from 
the same kind of cells.— ho-mo-cen'tric, having 
the same centre, as H. rays, a conical or rod* 
shaped pencil of rays of light.— ho-mo-cer'e-brin, 
a principle derived from brain*tissue and closely 
resembling cerebrin, but more soluble in alcohol. 

— ho-moch'ro-nous, occurring at the same age in 
successive generations. — ho’mo-cin-chon'i-cine, 
ho*mo-cin-chon'i-dine, ho-mo-cin'cho-nine, alka¬ 
loids having the formula CjgHogN^O, obtained 
from Cincho'na rosulen'ta. — ho-mo-der'mic, de¬ 
rived from the same germ*layer. — ho'mo-des- 
mot'ic, joining nerve*centres of equal importance. 

— ho'moe-o-bi-ot'ic, adapted to or belonging to 
the same conditions of life. — ho'moe-o-cyte, 
a lymphocyte. [TfD/. ’09.] — ho*moe-o-mor'phous, 
similar in form, as H. tumor, a homoeoplastic 
tumor.— ho-moe-op'a-thy, a doctrine, propounded 
by Hahnemann, of treatment by the action of in¬ 
finitesimal doses of medicines of a quality to 
excite in the healthy a condition similar to that 
which is to be cured, and of which the fun¬ 
damental law is “ similia similibus curantur” 
(“likes are cured by likes”). (S- Allopathy. 
j-ho'moe-o-path, one who practises homoeopathy; 
“ one who adds to his knowledge of medicine a 
special knowledge of homoeopathic therapeutics 
and observes the law of similia.’ ’ HA mer. Inst, of 
Homoeopathy, 1899.] ho*moe-o-path'ic. ho*moe- 
o-pa-thic'i-ty, the quality of being homoeopathic. 

— ho*moe-o-pla'si a, the formation of tissues re¬ 
sembling the normal ones. ^ Heteroplasia. 
tho*moB-o-plas'tic, as H. tumor, a tumor consist¬ 
ing of the same tissue as that in which it occurs. 


— ho-moe-o'sis, the preparation of food for its 
assimilation.— ho'moe-o-ther-a-peu'tics, homoeo¬ 
pathic therapeutics. — ho*moe-o-ther'mal, -mic, 
denoting but limited change of temperature in 
health, notwithstanding change of temperature of 
the air: applied to “ warm*blooded animals.” ts- 
PcECiLOTHERMAL. — ho-mo-gc'neous, of the same 
kind or quality throughout; uniform in nature; 
derived from the same stock: the reverse of het¬ 
erogeneous. H. immersion, IMMERSION. H. 
trip'lets, triplets having the same characteristics 
as homogeneous twins. H. twins, twins of the 
same sex and closely resembling each other.— 
ho-mo-gen'e-sis, ho-mog'e-ny, reproduction in 
which the successive generations pass through 
the same cycle of changes. — ho'mo-gen-tis'ic 
(ho*mo-gen-ti-sin'ic) acid, an acid, CgHgO^, of 
human urine, formed by bacterial decomposition 
of tyrosine in the body. — ho-mol'o-gous. i. 
Similar or related in structure or position; possess¬ 
ing structural similarity. 2. Arranged in a series 
each member of which differs from the one pre¬ 
ceding or succeeding it. H. stimulus = ade¬ 
quate STIMULUS. H. tumor, a tumor of the 
same kind of tissue as that from which it springs. 
H. twins, twins of the same sex within one cho¬ 
rion and with a single placenta, fhom'o-logue, 
that which is homologous; a homologous organ 
or part, ho-mol'o-gy, the state of being homol¬ 
ogous. — ho-mo-mor'phous, having the same 
form; uniform. — ho-mo-neu'ral, supplied by a 
nerve that belongs to only a single segment of 
the body: said of muscles. — ho-mon'y-mous, 
having the same name; standing in the same 
or a corresponding relation, as H. diplopia, direct 
diplopia: H. hemianopsia, a variety of hemi¬ 
anopsia in which vision on the same side of 
the fixationspoint in both eyes is absent: and 
H. parallax, parallax, fhom'o-nym.—ho- 
moph-thal'mic acid, a crystalline acid, CgHgO^, 
obtained by fusing gamboge with caustic potash. 

— ho-mo-pi'per-i-din'ic acid= amidovalerianic 
ACID. — ho-mo-plas'tic, having similar or equiva¬ 
lent structural elements.— ho'mo-plas-ty, a plas¬ 
tic operation in which injured parts are replaced 
by similar parts from the same individual or 
other individuals of the same kind. Auto¬ 
plasty ; heteroplasty. — ho‘mo-pter-o-car'pine, 
a crystalline principle, Ci2Hj203, from red saunders. 

— ho-mo-quin'ine, an alkaloid, not unlike qui¬ 
nine, found in some varieties of cinchona bark; 
ultraquinine. Some have considered it a com¬ 
pound of quinine and quinidine or quinine and 
cupreine. — ho-mo-re'non. A synthetic prepara¬ 
tion, CeH3(OH)2COCH2NHC2Hg.HCl, similar to 
adrenalin. — ho-mo-sex-u-al'i-ty, sexual perver¬ 
sion in which the sexual appetite is directed toward 
one of the same sex. fho-mo-sex'u al. — ho-mo- 
ther'mal, -mous, of equal temperature.— ho-mo- 
tonic, ho-mot'o-nous, uniform in course or dura¬ 
tion.— ho'mo-type, a part or organ symmetrical 
with another part or organ on the other side. 

Hon-du'ras bark. =Cascara amarga. 

hon'ey. A sweet substance collected from the r^ec- 
taries of flowers by the A'pis mellif'era, or honey* 
bee; MEL*. It is demulcent and aperient. H.scyst 
= melicera. H.slocust = Gleditschia. 

hon'ey-comb lung. A cystic condition of the lung, 
marked by multiple cavities varying in size up to 
the diameter of a pea and separated by falciform 
septa. [UL.j.’o;.] H. ringworm, favus. H. tetter, 
a popular name for pavus or porrigo favosa. 


HORSESHOE FISTULA 


425 


HONEYSUCKLE 

hon'ey-suck-le. The popular name of several species 
oi Lonic'era. Bush h.= Diervilla tripida. 
hon-o-ra'ri um. The fee which a physician receives 
for his professional services, 
hon^thin. An intestinal astringent, 
hood. I. =Caul. 2. A body or a portion of a 
body shaped like a hood, especially an arrange¬ 
ment for catching noxious vapors, as in a chem¬ 
ical laboratory. 

hook. An instrument with one end curved or bent 
at a right angle. H.shand = MAiN en crochet. 
hook::wormdisease. = Ankylostomiasis; uncina¬ 
riasis. 

Hoop'er’s pills. =Pilul.« aloes et myrrh.®*. 
hoop'ingscough. = Whooping-cough. 
hop. =Humulus*. H. oil = hops, oil of. H. 
pillow, a pillow filled with hops, popularly re¬ 
garded as a good soporific. 

Hope'a. A genus of dipterocarpaceous trees and 
shrubs. H. iincto'ria, of the Southern United 
States, has a stomachic and depurant power. 
Hope’s mixture. =Mistura camphor.® acida. 
H.’s sign, a double cardiac beat occurring in 
aneurism of the aorta, 
hop'o-gan. Magnesium peroxide; biogen. 
hops. The strobiles of the hop. H., oil of, or hop 
oil, an acrid volatile oil obtainable in small pro¬ 
portion from the heads and lupulin of hops. 

Hor. som. Abbr. for L. ho'ra som'ni, “ at the hour 
of sleep,” i. e., just before going to bed. 

Hor. un. spatio. Abbr. for L. ho'rcB uni'us spa'tio, 
“ in the space of an hour ” or “at the end of an 
hour.” 

ho'ra. An hour. [L.] 

hor'dein. A peculiar substance found in barley, 
being a mixture of cellulose with some proteid 
substance. [< L. hor'deum barley.] 
hor'de-nine. A white crystalline alkaloid from the 
germinating seeds of barley: in small doses it 
stimulates the pneumogastric system, slows the 
heart, and increases the amplitude of the pulsa¬ 
tions; in large doses the action is reversed, 
hor-de'o-lum. A sty; inflammation of a sebaceous 
follicle of the eyelid, or of the 
tissue in its vicinity. When it 
occurs at the edge of the lid, 
afifecting one of the zeissian 
glands, it is called H. zeissia'- 
num or exier'num; when it oc¬ 
curs on the posterior surface of 
the lid, affecting a meibomian 
gland, it is called H. meihomia'- 
num or inter'num. [L., dim. of 
hor'deum barley.] 

Hor'deum. i. Barley, a genus of 
graminaceous plants, used for 
food and for making malt. H. 
decortica'tum, the B. P. name for 
pearl barley, the husked grain 
of Hor'deum dis'tichon. 2. The 
seeds of various species. 3. Pearl 
barley. 4. One of the small ele¬ 
vations upon the floor of the 
fourth ventricle. 

hore'hound. =Marrubium vul- 
gare. H. tea, a tea prepared 
by infusing an ounce of Marru'- 
bium vulga're, or white hore- 
hound, in a pint of boiling water: 
used in domestic practice as a sudorific and 
tonic. 

ho-ris'ma-scope. An albumoscope for Heller’s test. 


ho-ri'zon. A line around the skull passing through 
the auricular points and tangent to the lower 
borders of the orbits. [< op'iCcov.] 
hor-i-zon'tal. Parallel to the horizon; level. H. 
cells = stellate cells. H. fissure = fossa 
LONG iTUDiNALis. H. planes (of the skull), planes 
tangent to various prominent points upon the 
skull and at right angles to various lines which 
have a general vertical course. H. plate. i. 
That part of the ethmoid bone which is received 
into the ethmoid notch in the floor of the ante¬ 
rior cerebral fossa. 2. The part of the palate 
bone which aids in forming the hard palate. H. 
position or posture, that posture in which the 
patient lies flat on his back with feet extended. 
H. ramus of the pubic bone, a portion of the 
pubic bone extending back towards the ace¬ 
tabulum. H. vertigo, vertigo occurring when in 
the horizontal position. 

Hor'lick’s food. A prepared food containing albu¬ 
minoids, sugar, and carbohydrates, but no starch, 
hor'mi on. The anterior point, on the median 
line, of the spheno-occipital bones, 
hor'mone. A substance generated within an organ, 
as the suprarenal bodies, ovary, etc., which when 
carried by the blood to an associated organ stim¬ 
ulates the latter to functional activity, 
horn. I. A hard, usually pointed, epidermal out¬ 
growth from the foreheads of many quadrupeds. 
^ Cornu. 2. A structure resembling a horn. 
Ammon’s h. =- cornu ammonis. H. cells, those 
which compose the horny layer of the epidermis. 
They are hard, homogeneous, and have lost their 
protoplasm. H. lead = lead chloride. H. poppy 
= Glaucium luteum. H.5pox = variola verru¬ 
cosa. H. silver = ARGENTi CHLORiDUM. H. sub- 
stance — KERATIN. fLorn'y, as H. band of Tari- 
= LAMINA CORNEA: H. epithelium, hyper¬ 
trophic trachomatous conjunctivitis, a form of 
granular lids in which the granulations are horny 
or teat-like; summer granulations: and H. layer 
=STRATUM CORNEUM. 

Hor'ner’s mixture, = Red mixture. H.’s muscle 
= TENSOR T.\RSi. H.’s teeth, incisor teeth which 
have horizontal depressions due to a lack of 
enamel. 

ho-rop'ter. The sum of all the points seen single 
in binocular vision while the point of fixation re¬ 
mains the same. [ < bpug boundary -t- b^fjeadai to 
see.] fhor-op-ter'ic. 

hor'ri-pi-la'tion. A sensation of chilliness and 
creeping, or as if each hair were stiff and erect, 
in different parts of the body; cutis anserina. 
horripilato'res. = Arrectores pilorum. [L.] 
hor'ror. A shivering or cold fit. 
hor'rors. = Delirium tremens. 
horse'schest-nut. =^sculus hippocastanum. 
horse'sfoot. —Talipes equinus. 
horse'shair suture. A suture of horse-hair, 
horse'mint. The common name of Monar'da punc- 
ta'ta and of Men'tha sylves'tris. 
horse'=power. A unit of work: the power required 
to lift 550 pounds through one foot in one second, 
horse'spox. A pustular disease of honses communi¬ 
cable to cows, in whom it sets up a true cow-pox. 
horse'srad-ish. The common name of Cochlea'ria 
armora'cia. 

horse'ssalt. Glauber’s salt. 

horse'shoe fistula. A semicircular fistulous tract 
around the rectum. H. head, an infantile head 
in which the coronal suture has somewhat the 
outline of a horseshoe. H. kidney, the congenital 



Horismascope. 
— a. Arm of 
U-shaped tube 
with fine bore, 
b. Bulb in 
which HNO3 
is poured af¬ 
ter the tubes 
are filled with 
urine. c.Wide- 
bore arm for 
urine, with 
background. 


















nORSE=SICKNESS 


426 


HUMERO- 


uiiion of the kidneys (most commonly of the 
lower ends), giving them the appearance of a 
horseshoe. H. magnet, a magnet made in the 
shape of a horseshoe. H. placenta, a double, 
united placenta of twin pregnancy, 
horse'ssick-ness. =Nag.\na. 
horse'weed. A name for Eri'geron canaden'se. 
Hors'ley’s test. A test for glucose, made by boiling 
with caustic potash and potassium chromate, 
when a green color will be produced if glucose be 
present. H.’s wax or putty, a mixture of white 
and yellow wax, carbolic acid, and vaseline: used 
for plugging vessels in cut bone, 
hos'pi-tal. Originally, a place for exercising hos¬ 
pitality toward strangers or the sick and poor; 
now, an establishment for the relief of the sick and 
for their lodgement and maintenance during treat¬ 
ment. H. fever, fever due to unhygienic surround¬ 
ings in hospitals; typhus fever; pyaemia; the fever 
of gangrene. H. gangrene, a contagious phage¬ 
denic and moist gangrene which prevailed in hos¬ 
pitals before the days of antisepsis, fhos'pi-tal- 
ism, brain=tire and lack of energy from living 
too long under hospital conditions, hos-pi-tal-i- 
za'tion, subjection of a person to hospital treat¬ 
ment. 

host. The organism attacked by a parasite, 
hot'sair bath. = Turkish bath. 
hot abscess. One resulting from an acute inflam¬ 
mation in the part in which it occurs; acute 
abscess. H. bath, ^'bath. H.sblanket pack, a 
wet pack in which a blanket wet in warm water 
is used instead of a sheet. H. drops, a tincture 
of capsicum and myrrh. H. eye, obstinate con¬ 
junctival congestion seen in gout. H. gangrene, 
that form of mortification which is preceded or 
accompanied by inflammation; gangrene proper, 
that which is unattended by inflammation being 
termed cold gangrene. H. snare = galvan o- 
CAUSTIC SNARE. H. SpOts Or pOUltS = HEAT-SPOTS, 
def. 1. H. stage, the febrile stage of malaria. 
Hot'ten-tot apron. = Pudendal apron. H. defor¬ 
mity, steatopyga. 

Hot'ten-tot-ism. Aggravated stammering, some¬ 
times congenital and due to malformation 
hound’s tongue. = Cynoglossum. 
hour'sglass contraction or stricture. An irregular 
transverse contraction of the uterus, in which it 
assumes the form of an hour-glass, the placenta 
usually being retained. H.sg. gall=bladder, a gall¬ 
bladder constricted in the middle, resembling an 
hour-glass in shape. H.sg. stomach, a stomach 
shaped like an hour-glass, due to the formation 
of a band of exudate, 
house'sfly. = Musca domestica. 
house'maid’s knee. Inflammation, often with sup¬ 
puration, of the bursa patellae; hygroma praepa- 
tellare. 

house'ssur-geon. The resident surgeon of a hospital. 
Hous'ton’s folds. =H.’s valves. H.’s muscle = 
COMPRESSOR VEN.E DORSALIS. H.’s valves, three 
oblique folds, one above the other, of the mucous 
membrane of the rectum 

Houttuy'nia califor'nica. Yerba mansa, a pipera- 
ceous tree of California: used in gonorrhoea and 
rheumatism. Dose of fl. ext.. 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 
Ho'vi US’s canal. = Fontana’s canal. H.’s plexus, 
a plexus of veins in the ciliary region of the eye. 
How'ard’s method. A method of inducing arti¬ 
ficial respiration performed by compression of 
the lower ribs at frequent intervals while the pa¬ 
tient’s hands are held together above his head. 


HowshipsRom'berg’s sign. = Romberg’s sign. 
How'ship’s lacunas or pits. Depressions upon tlie 
surface of calcified cartilage or bone undergoing 
absorption, containing and made by the osteo¬ 
clasts; absorption lacunae or pits. 

Ht. Abbr. for total hypermetropia. 
hto'ne na. A form of peripheral neuritis of Burma, 
usually following malaria, and resembling beri¬ 
beri, but without the cardiac, respiratory, and 
gastric symptoms. J. Trap. M. and Hyg. ’09.] 
huanokine, huanoquine (hwa'no-cin). An alkaloid, 
CaoHjgNO or C^oH^^NgO, said to be derived from 
Cincho'na nit'ida and to be a powerful febrifuge. 
Huchard’s serum or solution (u-sharz). A mixture 
of sodium phosphate, 10 Gm.; sodium chloride, 
5 Gm.; sodium sulphate, 2.5 Gm.; and distilled 
water, 100 Cc. H.’s serum, concentrated, sodium 
phosphate, 10 Gm.; sodium chloride, 5 Gm.; 
sodium sulphate, 2.5 Gm.; carbolic acid, 1.5 Gm.; 
and water to 100 Cc. H.’s sign, decreased number 
of pulse-beats upon change from a standing to a 
recumbent position in arterial hyperextension. 
Hud'son’s apparatus. An apparatus for supporting 
the wrist in wrist-drop. 

Huebl’s sign. An early sign of pregnancy obtained 
by bimanual examination with one finger in the 
rectum, and consisting in abnormal thinness and 
compressibility of the lower segment of the 
uterus as compared with the part above the in¬ 
sertion of the sacro-uterine ligaments. 

Hue'chys sanguin'ea. A species of coleopterous 
insects furnishing a variety of cantharides. 
Hueter’s bandage (hu'tcrz). 'A spica bandage for 
the perineum. H.’s method, induction of labor 
by applying a bag of water or infusion of ergot 
to the cervix uteri. H.’s sign, fibrous interposi¬ 
tion between the fragments in a fracture causes 
absence of transmission of osseous vibration. 
Hufe'land’s cerate. A salve containing 30 parts of 
simple cerate and 2 parts each of lycopodium 
and zinc oxide: used for cracked nipples. 
Huguier’s canal (ti-gi-ez). A canal in the temporal 
bone on the outer side of the eustachian tube, par¬ 
allel to the glaserian fis.sure; iter chordae anterius. 
It transmits the chorda tympani nerve. H.’s 
disease, uterine fibromyoma. H.’s glands, two 
small glands opening into the vagina, 
huingan (hwAi'gan). The seeds of Duvau'a depen'- 
dens, used in Chile in dyspepsia, hysteria and 
diseases of the kidneys. 

hum. In auscultation, a buzzing sound heard over 
the principal veins about the base of the neck, 
chiefly noticed in anaemic patients; venous hum. 
hu'man anatomy, Anatomy. H. dolphin, a 
monster whose lower limbs are fused together. 
H. histology, histology, fhu'man-ized, as 
H. lymph or vaccine, vaccine obtained from man. 
hu-mec'tant. i. Rendering moist; moistening. 
Nearly the same as diluent. 2. A diluent medi¬ 
cine; a medicine which moistens, fhu-mec-ta'- 
tion, the act or process of making moist, 
hu'me-ral. Belonging to the humerus; brachial. 
H. artery = brachial ARTERY. H. condyle, the 
radial head of the humerus, 
hu'mer-en. Relating to the humerus, 
hu'meri ala'ti. The projecting shoulder-blades of 
phthisical or emaciated persons, 
hu'me-ro-. Relating to the humerus; a combining 
form. [< Humerus.] hu‘me-ro-bi-cip'i-tal, re¬ 
lating to the humerus and the biceps muscle.— 
hu'me-ro-cu'bi-tal = humeroradial. — hu'me- 
ro-met-a-car'pal, pertaining to the humerus and 


HUMERUS 


427 HUNYADI JANOS WATER 


metacarpus. — hu'me- 
to the humerus and 
dial, relating both 
humerus, or to the 
upper and the lower 
arm, as H. amputa¬ 
tion, amputation at 
the elbowsjoint: and 
H. index, a number 
expressing the length 
of the radivis as a per¬ 
centage of the length 
of the humerus.— 
hu*me-ro-scap'u-lar, 
pertaining to the hu¬ 
merus and scapula, 
as H. amputation, 
amputation at the 
shouldersjoint.—• 
hu*me-ro=ul'nar, per¬ 
taining to the hume¬ 
rus and ulna, 
hu'me-rus. i. The 
bone of the arm prop¬ 
er which articulates 
above with the scap- 
vila and below with 
the radius and the 
ulna. The shaft is 
divided into three 
surfaces, an internal 
or anterior medial (fa¬ 
cies anterior media¬ 
ns*), an external or 
anterior lateral (fa¬ 
cies anterior latera¬ 
lis*), and a posterior 
(facies posterior*). 2. 
The shoulder. [L., 
arm or shoulder.] 
Hume’s test. A te.st 
for arsenous acid, 
made by silver am- 
monionitrate precip¬ 
itating an insoluble 
yellow silver arsenite. 
hu'mic acid. A black or 


i=o-lec'ra-nal, pertaining 
ecranon.— hu'me-ro-ra'- 
the radius and to the 



Humerus of Left Side. 
Viewed in Front.— 1. 
Shaft. 2. Head. 3. Neck. 
4. Greater tuberosity. 5. 
Small tuberosity. 6. Bicip¬ 
ital groove. 7 , 8. Ridges 
bounding the latter and giv¬ 
ing attachment to the mus¬ 
cles. g. Position of insertion 
of the deltoid muscle. 10. 
Principal nutrient foramen. 
1 r. Capitulum for the radi¬ 
us. 12. Trochlea for the 
ulna. 13, 14. External and 
internal epicondyles. 15,16. 
Supracondylar ridges. 17. 
Fossa for the coronoid proc¬ 
ess of ulna. (Leidy.) 


brown amorphous substance, C6,,H54027, found in 
humus; geic acid; gein; humin; ulmic acid; ulmin. 
hu'mid. Moist; damp. H. asthma, asthma with 
large quantities of serous expectoration. H. gan¬ 
grene, i^G.\NGRENE. H. tetter, impetigo, 
hu-mid'i-ty. Moisture; especially, the moisture of 
the air. Absolute h., the actual amount of moist¬ 
ure in the atmosphere irrespective of temperature. 
Relative h., the amount of moisture in the atmos¬ 
phere expressed as a percentage of the amount 
required to saturate the atmosphere at a given 
temperature. A relative humidity of 70% is 
agreeable. [ < L. htimid'itas, fr. hu'mor moisture.] 
hu'min. =Hu.micacid. 

hum'mingstop murmur or sound. = Bruit de 

DIABLE. 

hu'mor. i. Any fluid of the body other than the 
blood. 2. A supposititious fluid of the body, the 
excess of which causes disease, A chronic cu¬ 
taneous disease ascribed to a disordered condi¬ 
tion of the blood. Aqueous h., aqueous. 
Vitreous h., vitreous. [ L., moisture.] 
fhu'mo-ral, as H. /icrwta = orchitis: and H. 
pathology, a system in medicine which attributed 
all diseases to morbid changes in the humors of the 


body. hu'mor-al-ism, hu'mor-ism == humoral 
PATHOLOGY, hu'mor-al-ist, a believer in humoral 
pathology, hu-mo-ro-vi'ta-lism, the theory that 
the seat of life is in the humors of the body, 
hu-mor'ic sound. A percussion sound heard over 
a cavity distended with gas and fluid, 
hump. The prominence caused by curvature of the 
spine, Kyphosis; SCOLIOSIS, fhump'sbacked, 
affected with a hump. 

Hu'mulus*. I. A genus of urticaceous plants. 2. 
The U. S. P. name for hops, the carefully dried 
strobiles of H. lu'pulus, bearing their natural 
glandular trichomes. Hops are tonic, anaphro- 
disiac, slightly narcotic, and feebly stimulant. 
Dose, 2 Gm. (30grs.). fhu'mu-lin. i. = Lupu- 
LiN. 2. A concentrated extract prepared by 
mixing an extract and a decoction of hops, 
hu'mus. A dark=colored substance found in decay¬ 
ing vegetable matter, due to the action of an acid or 
an alkali upon the contained carbohydrates. H. 
pigments, dark coloring matters obtained by treat¬ 
ing urine with acids in the presence of oxygen. 
Hun-ga'rian disease. Typhus fever. H. sickness, 
remittent fever. H. turpentine, a variety of tur¬ 
pentine from Pi'nus puynil'io, having the same 
properties as ordinary turpentine, 
hun'ger. Desire for food. H. cure, treatment of 
certain diseases, such as syphilis, by reducing the 
amount of food to the lowest limit possible; nes¬ 
tiatria; nestotherapy. H. fever, H. pest, H. 
typhus = relapsing fever. 

Hun'ter’s (hun-te'ri an) canal. A triangular space 
between the adductor longus and adductor mag- 
nus and the vastus internus, covered by aponeu¬ 
roses, extend¬ 
ing between 
Scarpa’s tri¬ 
angle and the 
opening in the 
adductor mag- 
nus, and con¬ 
taining the 
femoral ves- 
selsandthe in¬ 
ternal saphe¬ 
nous nerve. 

H.’s chancre, 
induration, or 
sore, a true or 
> hard chancre. 

H.’s ligament, 
the round lig¬ 
ament of the 
uterus. H.’s 
line = LINE A 
ALBA. H.’s 
method or op¬ 
eration, liga¬ 
tion of an artery on the proximal side of and 
at a distance from an aneurism. 

Hun'ting-ton’s chorea. An affection characterized 
by irregular movements, disturbance of speech, 
and gradual dementia; hereditary chorea; 
chronic progressive chorea; frequently hereditary 
and rarely occurring before the thirtieth year. 
[^[ Med. and Surg. Rep., April 13, 1872.] 

Hunt’s syndrome. An acute, infectious inflamma¬ 
tion of the geniculate ganglion of the facial 
nerve, having as characteristic symptoms herpes 
zoster, with facial palsy, and auditory symptoms. 
Hunyadi Jdnos water (hun-ya'di ya'nds). A Hun¬ 
garian mineral water with purgative properties. 



John Hunter, English Surgeon 
AND Anatomist, 1728-1793. 














HURA 


428 


HYALOID 


Hu'ra. A genus of euphorbiaceous trees. H. brasil- 
ien'sis, a Brazilian species whose milky juice is 
used in elephantiasis. H. crep'itans, a species 
with emetic and cathartic seeds and a juice sim¬ 
ilar to that of H. hrasilien'sis. t^u'rin, a bitter 
principle from Hu'ra crep'itans. 

hurt. A wound or injury: it may be bodily or 
mental. 

Huschke’s auditory teeth (hush'c^z). = Auditory 
TEETH. H.’s canal, a canal formed by the union 
of the tubercles of the tympanic ring. It usually 
disappears during childhood. H.’s foramen, an 
anomalous opening between the glenoid fossa and 
the external auditory meatus. H.’s valve, a fold 
of mucous membrane at the junction of the 
common duct formed by the lachrymal canaliculi 
and the lachrymal sac. 

Hutch'in-son’s (hutch-in-so'ni an) disease. A con¬ 
dition seen sometimes in the eyes of aged people, 
wherein the central part of the retina around the 
macula lutea shows degenerative changes. H.’s 
mask, a neuropathic sensation of the presence of 
a mask, as in locomotor ataxia, where the skin 
feels tense. H.’s patch, a reddish discoloration 
of the cornea in syphilitic interstitial keratitis. 
H.’s prurigo, prurigo sometimes occurring during 
dentition. H.’s pupil, a unilateral affection of the 
pupil, marked by wide dilation on the injured side: 
seen in supradural hemorrhage. H.’s teeth, teeth, 
usually the upper permanent incisors, having 
deeply notched and narrow edges, regarded by 



J. Hutchinson as diagnostic of inherited syphilis. 
H.’s triad or trio, notched teeth, otitis, and inter¬ 
stitial keratitis, diagnostic of congenital syphilis, 
hut'ton-ing. A system for reducing dislocations 
practised by one Hutton. 

Hux'ham’s tincture. =Tinctur.\ cinchona com- 

POSITA*. 

Hux'ley’s angle. = Craniofacial angle op Hux¬ 
ley. H.’s layer, membrane, or 
sheath, the layer of cubical 
homy cells in the inner roots 
sheath of a hair between Hen- 
le’s layer and the cuticle, 
huy-ge'nian ocular. An ocular 
consisting of two planoconvex 
lenses, a lower or field 4 ens and 
-an^upper or eye 4 ens: the con¬ 
vexities are directed toward the 
objective. 

hy'a-cinth. A genus of liliaceous 
flowering plants. The bulbs 
were formerly used in medicine 
as cathartics and diuretics, 
hy-ae-nan'chin. A crystalline bit¬ 
ter principle from the fruit of 
Hycenan'che globo'sa (Toxico- 
den'dron capen'se), a euphorbi¬ 
aceous plant of South Africa: a powerful poison, 
like strychnine in action. 


hy'a-lin. i. A translucent body found in miliary 
tubercle and in tissues undergoing amyloid de¬ 
generation; canalized fibrin. 2. A somewhat 
similar body in the walls of echinococcus cysts, 
hy'a-line. i. Glassy; transparent, or nearly so. 
H. areas, limited areas of hyaline substance sur- 
rormding the celLnests in elastic cartilage. H. 



Hyaline or Waxy Casts, Magnified about 460 Diame¬ 
ters. —On some of them are scattered a few shrivelled 
epithelial cells and oil-drops; the large cells to the 
left are epithelial cells from the bladder. The kind of 
casts here depicted may be found in any form of 
Bright’s disease, acute as. well as chronic. In the 
waxy kidney, however, they vastly preponderate, and 
are of large size,—many much larger than those in 
this figure. 

cartilage, cartilage in which the matrix is homo¬ 
geneous and translucent, containing little fibrous 
tissue. H. cast or cylinder, a nearly transparent 
and clear urinary cast. H. degeneration, a form 
of degeneration in which the tissue is converted 
into transparent shining material. H. fibroid, 
fibroid and hyaline: applied to a substance 
found in contracted kidneys. H. membrane, i. 
A membrane between the outer root*sheath and 
the internal fibrous layer of a hairsfollicle. 2. = 
Basement membrane. H. necrosis, i. =Co- 

AGULATIVE NECROSIS. 2 . = HyALINE DEGENERA¬ 
TION. H. tubercle, a tubercle the reticulum of 
which has undergone hyaline degeneration. 2. 
The nonspigmented young form of the malaria 
parasite. [ < vaTiog glass.] 
hyal-i-no'sis. The formation of hyalin; hyaline 
degeneration. , 

hya-li-nu'ri a. The presence of hyalin in urine, 
hy-a-li'tis. Inflammation of the vitreous humor 
or of the hyaloid membrane. H. puncta'ta, a 
variety characterized by the formation of small 
opacities. H. purulen'ta, purulent inflammation 
of the vitreous humor. [< va'koq glass.] 
hya-lo-dec'cry-sis. Escape of part of the vitreous 
humor. 

hy-a-lo*di-o-ma-la'ci a. A softening of the vitre¬ 
ous humor. [ < va\(^^ 7 ](; glassy +paXaHa softness.] 
hy-a-lo‘di-o-nyx'is. = Hyalonyxis. 
hy-al'o-gen. An albuminoid found in cartilage and 
readily converted into hyalin, 
hy'a-loid. Resembling glass; transparent. H. 
artery, a branch of the central artery of the 
retina to the posterior capsule of the lens, con¬ 
stant in the fcetus and occasionally persistent 
afterbirth. H. body = hydatid of Morgagni. 
H. canal, a central canal in the anteroposterior 



Hyaline Carti¬ 
lage, WITH 
Perichondri¬ 
um Attached. 
(Piersol.) 






HYALOIDEA 


429 


HYDRARGYRI 


axis of the vitreous humor which transmits the 
hyaloid artery; canal of Cloquet; canal of Still¬ 
ing; area martegiani; canalis hyaloidea^. H. 
capsule = HYALOID MEMBRANE. H. fossa, the 
cupslike excavation of the vitreous humor in 
which the crystalline lens is embedded; lenticu¬ 
lar fossa; patellar fossa; fossa hyaloidea*. H. 
membrane = MEMB RAN A hyaloidea*. H. vein, 
a vein corresponding to the hyaloid artery. [ < 
va?iO^' glass -I- eldog form.] 
hy-a-loi'de a. The hyaloid membrane. 
hy*a-loi-di'tis. = Hyalitis. 
hy-a-lo'ma. A variety of skin disease, 
hya-lo-nyx'is. Puncture of the vitreous humor, 
hya-lo-pha'gi a. The eating of glass by the insane, 
hy'a-lo-plasm. The more fluid portion of celbpro- 
toplasm surrounding the intracellular network or 
spongioplasm. [ < va?io^ glass + TvAnojua plasma.] 
hya-lo-se-ro-si'tis. A form of inflammation of 
serous membranes in which a dense hyaline in¬ 
vestment is formed in certain regions, 
hy'a-lo-some. An element somewhat resembling a 
nucleolus but staining only slightly by either 
nuclear or plasmatic stains, 
hy'brid. I. The offspring of two distinct species, 
as the mule, which is the offspring of an ass and 
a mare, Mendel’s law. 2. Of mixed deriva¬ 
tion; combined. H.measles, rubella, fhy'brid-ism. 
hy-dan-to'ic acid. A crystalline acid, CgHgNgOg, 
obtained by boiling hydantoin with barium 
hydroxide or by heating urea with glycocoll; 
glycoluric acid; uramido=acetic acid, 
hy-dan-to'in. Glycolyl urea, C3H4N2O2, a colorless, 
crystalline base. 

hy-dar-thro'sis. == Hydrarthrosis. 

,hy-dar'thrus. = Hydrarthrus. 
hy-da-ten'te-ro-cele. Hydrocele with enterocele. 
hy'da-tid. I. An echinococcus, or the vesicle con¬ 
taining it. 2. A cyst=like structure. H. cyst, 
the cyst of an echinococcus. H. disease, a dis¬ 
ease characterized by the presence of echinococci. 
H. fremitus, a tremulous impulse obtained by 
percussion of a hydatid cyst. H. mole, a true 
mole associated with fleshy growths from the 
chorionic villi, producing a mass which resembles 
a bunch of grapes, the individual vesicles being 
filled with a mucoid material; cystic, hydatiform, 
hydatoid, or vesicular mole; myxoma of the 
placenta. H. of Morgagni, i. Cyst^like bodies 
attached by a pedicle to the fimbriated ex¬ 
tremity of the oviduct, being the vestiges of the 
rudimentary extreme anterior end of the mfil- 
lerian duct; stalked hydatid. 2. A small, bul¬ 
bous body upon the front of the globus major of 
the testicle, being the remains of the mullerian 
duct; ovarium masculinum; sessile or nonsstalked 
hydatid; appendix testis [MorgagniiY^. H. preg¬ 
nancy, pregnancy in which a hydatid mole is 
formed. H. resonance, the sound elicited by the 
rubbing together of hydatid cysts. H. taenia or 
tapeworm, the T<s'nia echinococ'cus. H. thrill = 
H. FREMITUS. H. of the uterus = H. mole. 
[< h. hy'daiis, fr. vdar'ig watery vesicle.] fhy-da- 
tid'ic, relating to hydatids, hy-dat'i-di-form = 
hydatidoid. hy-da-tid'i-nous, affected with hy¬ 
datids. hy-da-tid'o-cele, properly, a tumor con¬ 
taining hydatids: commonly applied to a tumor 
of the scrotum containing hydatids. hy-dat'i- 
doid, resembling a hydatid. hy-da-ti-do'ma, a 
tumor consisting of or caused by hydatids, hy- 
dat'i-form = hydatidoid. hy-da-tig'e-nous, pro¬ 
ceeding from a hydatid; producing a hydatid. 


hy'da-tis. = Hydatid. H. tu'nicae vagina'lis = 

HYDATID OF MORGAGNI, def. 2. 
hy'da-tism. A succussionssound caused by the 
presence of an effused fluid in a cavity. [< vdiep 
water.] 

hy-dat-o-gen'e-sis. A term for the formation of 
water, or of a watery fluid, in the body, 
hy'da-toid. i. Resembling a hydatid; also, like 
water; watery. 2. The aqueous humor, 
hy-da-ton'cus. , A watery swelling. [ < v 6 up water 
+ byKog tumor.] 

hy-dat-or-rhoe'a. = Hydrorrhcea. 
hydat-o-ther'a-py. = Hydrotherapy. 
Hydnocar'pus venena'ta, H. ine'brians. A pangia- 
ceous tree, a native of India and Ceylon. Its fruit 
is very poisonous. An oil obtained from its 
seeds is used by the native doctors in leprosy. 
Hydoxer'ma. A species of botfly infesting the skin, 
hy-drac'e-tin. Acetphenylhydrazide, CgH5N.2H2- 
(C2H3O), a highly dangerous antipyretic and an- 
tirheumatic: also used for psoriasis in 10% oint¬ 
ment. Dose, 0.03 to 0.13 Gm. to 2 grs.). 
hy-drac'id. = Hydrogen acid. 
hy-dra-cryl'ic acid. An isomer of lactic acid, 
C3Hg03, occurring as a syrupy liquid. It is 
easily decomposed into acrylic acid and water, 
hy-drad-e-ni'tis. i. Adenitis. 2. Hidrosadenitis. 
H. de'struens suppurati'va, a furuncle beginning 
in a sweat sgland. 

hy-drad-e-no'ma. A diffu.se adenoid epithelioma 
said to attack the sweat-glands, 
hy-drae'mia. A state in which the watery portion 
of the blood is unduly increased in quantity. [< 
vStjp water+al;aa blood.] fhy-drae'mic. 
hy-dra-e-ro-per-i-car'di um. = Hydropneumo¬ 
pericardium. 

hy-dra-e-ro-per-i-to-ne'um. A collection of gas and 
fluid in the peritoneal cavity, 
hy-dra-e-ro-pleu'ri a. = Hydropneumothorax. 
hy-drag'o-gin. A compound vegetable diuretic 
containing digitalis, strophanthus, scillipicrin, 
scillitoxin, and oxysaponin. 
hy'dra-gogue. i. Expelling watery fluids; causing 
v/atery stools. 2. A medicine having the above 
effects. H. diuretic, a diuretic which increases 
the aqueous part of the urine only, 
hy-dram'ine. One of a series of alkaline bases 
formed by ammonia acting on formaldehyde, 
hy-dram'nion,-nios. Drop¬ 
sy of the amnion. 

Hydran'gea. A genus of 
saxifragaceous plants, of 
which H. arbores'cens 
furnishes a root having 
diuretic properties and 
yields the glucoside hy- 
dran'gin. The leaves of 
several Asiatic species are 
used like tea. 

hy-dran-gei-og'ra-phy, -ol'- 
o-gy. A treatise upon the 
lymphatics. 

hy-dran'gi on. A lymphatic 

vessel. [vStjp water -t- dyyelov vessel.] Ihy-dran- 
ge-i'tis. 

hy-dran-gi-ot'o-my. Anatomy or dissection of the 
lymph-vessels. 

hy-drar'gism. = Mercurialism. 
hy-drar-gy-ra'li a. Mercurials, 
hydrar'gyri. The genitive case of hydrargyrum*. 
H. chlo'ridum corrosi'vum* , corrosive mercuric 
chloride, corrosive sublimate, or mercury bichlo- 




HYDRARGYRIA 

ride, HgCl^, a salt appearing in the form of 
heavy, odorless, colorless, rhombic crystals and 
having an acrid and persistent metallic taste. 
Externally, it is sometimes used in various cuta¬ 
neous disorders, as in syphilis, to stimulate slug¬ 
gish ulcers, and is one of the most effective anti¬ 
septics known. In very small doses, at frequent 
intervals, it prevents intestinal decomposition, 
and is especially valuable in infantile diarrhoea. 
It is very poisonous: antidotes, zinc sulphate, 
emetics, chalk mixture, white of egg, table salt, 
castor oil, etc. Dose as an antisyphilitic, 0.0008 to 
0.0065 Gm. (^^0 to gr.); in diarrhoea, 0.0003 to 
0.0006 Gm. (2 Jo to yjo gr.); and as an antiseptic, 
from I part in 10,000 up to i part in 500. H. chlo'- 
ridum mi'te*, mild mercurous chloride, calomel, 
protochloride of mercury, or subchloride of mer¬ 
cury, HgoCU, a white, odorless, and insoluble 
powder, with a slight metallic aftertaste: used 
principally as a cathartic, antisyphilitic, and alter¬ 
ant. Dose as a laxative, 0.125 Gm. (2 grs.); as 
an alterative, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.); as a diuretic, 
0.125 to 0.2 Gm. (2 to 3 grs.). Pilule c.\- 
T}i.\RTic.^: COMPOSIT.E*. H. cyan'ilum, the 1890 
U. S. P. name for mercury cyanide, mercuric cya¬ 
nide, Hg(CN)2, a colorless or white, crystalline, 
very poisonous and soluble salt of mercury, used 
sometimes in diphtheria and syphilis. Dose, 
0.0006 to 0.0033 Gn^- (TAiT 2V S’f' ) • H. iod'idum 
fla'vum*, yellow mercurous iodide, protosiodide of 
mercury, or green iodide of mercury, abrightsyel- 
low, amorphous powder, HggD- It is used in 
early syphilis. Dose, in syphilis, 0.01 Gm. (i gr.), 
three or four times daily, increasing if necessary 
until slight looseness of the gums is caused. H. 
iod'idum ru'brum*, red mercurie iodide, mercuric 
iodide or biniodide, Hgl2, a sparingly soluble salt 
of mercury, used in syphilis, but dangerously 
irritant. Dose, 0.003 Gm. (jj gr.). Liquor 
.\RSENI ET HYDRARGYRI lODIDI*. H. OX'ilum fla'- 
vum*, yellow or precipitated mercuric oxide, 
HgO, a light orange^yellow powder used in oint¬ 
ments, more particularly those employed in con¬ 
junctival diseases. k^Unguentum hydrargyri 
oxiDi FLAVi*. H. ox'idum ru'brum*, red mercu¬ 
ric oxide or mercury peroxide, HgO, a heavy 
orange^red powder differing from the yellow 
oxide only in its physical properties and method 
of preparation, and having the same uses. It is 
also sometimes used as an antisyphilitie. cs- Ux- 

GUENTUM HYDRARGYRI OXIDI RUBRI*. H. pcp'- 

tonas, a yellowish liquid used for hypodermic 
injections, of which 16 min. (i Cc.) is equivalent to 
about gr. mercuric chloride. H. subsul'phas 
fla'vus, the 1890 U. S. P. name for turpeth 
mineral, mercury subsulphate, or basic mercuric 
sulphate, 2Hg0.HgS04, a lemon*yellow powder. 
Dose, 0.015 to 0.03 Gm. (J to t’- gr.). H. sul- 
phure'tum ni'grum =/ethiops mineral. 

hy-drar-gyr'ia. i. = Mercurialism. 2. Mercu¬ 
rial eczema. 

hy-drar-gyr'ic. Relating to or containing mercury. 

hy-drar-gy-ri'a-sis, hy-drar'gy-rism. — Mercuri- 
alism. 

hy-drar-gyr'i um. Mercurial eczema. 

hy-drar’gy-ro-ka'li um. A compound or salt of 
mercury and potassium. 

hy-drar'gy-rol. An antiseptic, (C6H,.0H.S05)2Hg; 
mercury paraphenolsulphonate or paraphenyl- 
thionate: used as a substitute for bichloride. 

hy-drar*gy-ro-ma'ni a. Insanity due to the abuse 
of mercurial medicines. 


HYDRATE 

hy-drar‘gy-roph-thal'mi a. Ophthalmia due to mer¬ 
curial poisoning. 

hy-drar‘gy-ro-sep'tol. A yellow compound of mer¬ 
cury, quinosol, and sodium chloride; mercuro- 
septol; mercury quinoseptolate: used as an anti¬ 
syphilitic. 

hy-drar-gy-ro'sis. =Mercu realization. 

hydrar'gyrum*, gen. -gyrt. The U. S. P. and chem¬ 
ical title for MERCURY (quicksilver), Emplas- 
trum hydrargyri*; hydrargyri; massa hy¬ 
drargyri*; UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI*’, UN- 
GUENTUM HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS*. H. amidopro- 

pion'icum, alanin mercury, a combination of 
amidopropionic acid and mercury, used as an 
antisyphilitic. Dose, subcutaneously or per os, 
o.ro Gm. (i^ grs.) H. ammonia'tum*, ammoni- 
ated mercury or white precipitate, NHjHgCl, a 
white powder used in the preparation of unguen- 
TUM HYDRARGYRI AMMONiATi*. H. asparagine, 
asparagine mercury, Hg(C^H-N20.j).2. a combi¬ 
nation of asparagine and mercury, said to pro¬ 
duce no local disturbance and to be wholly elimi¬ 
nated from the system in 24 hours; mercury 
asparaginate; mercuric oxide asparagine: used 
hypodermically in syphilis. Dose, 0.005 to 0.01 
Gm. (jb to i ^ bichlora'tum corro- 

si'vum or H. corrosi'vum sublima'tum = hydrar¬ 
gyri CHLORiDu.M coRROSivu.M*. H. cum crc'ta*, 
mercury with chalk, a mixture of 38 parts 
by weight of mercury, 10 of clarified honey, 
and 57 of prepared chalk: used in the diarrhoea 
of children. Dose, 0.25- Gm. (4 grs.). [L., fr. 
v(h)f) water, or liquid + apyvpoc silver.] 

hy-drar'thron, -thros, -thrus, hy-drar-thro'sis. Ef¬ 
fusion of fluid into the cavity of a joint. 

hy'dras. A hydrate. [L.] 

hy-dras'tin. A resinous extract from the rhizome 
and root of Hydras'tis canaden'sis. It is laxative, 
cholagogue, tonic, and alterative. Dose, 0.3 to 
0.6 Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). 

hydrasti'na*. Hydrastine, C2iH2iNOg, an alkaloid 
from Hydr.astis*: alterative, tonic, and anti- 
periodic. Dose, 0.015 to 0.03 Gm. to ^ gr.). 

hy-dras'tine. — Hydrastina*. 

hydrastini'nae hydrochlo'ridum*. Hydrastinine hy¬ 
drochloride, CjjHhN 02.HC1, the hydrochloride of 
an artificial alkaloid derived from hydrastine; 
hydrastininae hydrochloras of the 1890 U. S. P. 
It has been substituted for ergot, than which it 
is more speedy in action, in the treatment cf 
uterine hemorrhage, myomata, and congestive 
dysmenorrhoea. Dose, 0.03 Gm. (^- gr.), either 
per os or hypodermically. 

hy-dras'ti-nine. An artificial alkaloid, C,jHjjN02, 
derived from hydrastine. H. hydrochloride = 
HYDRASTININ.E HYDROCHLORIDUM*. 

Hydras'tis*. i. A genus of raiiunculaceous plants. 
2. The U. S. P. name for the dried rhizome and 
roots of H. canaden'sis, or golden seal, yielding 
when assayed by the U. S. P. process not less 
than 2.5% of HYDRASTi.NA*. It is aperient, 
tonic, and alterative, and is sometimes substi¬ 
tuted for ergot. Dose, '2 Gm. (30 grs.). ts- 
FlUIDEXTRACTUM HYDRASTIS*; GLYCERITUM HY¬ 
DRASTIS*; TiNCTURA HYDRASTIS*. H. glycerite = 
GLYCERITUM HYDRASTIS*. 

hy'drate. i. A salt containing water of crystalliza¬ 
tion. 2. = Hydroxide. [< L. hy'dras, fr. vdop 
water.] fhy'dra-ted, combined with water or 
hydroxyl, as H. magnesium carbonate, magnesia 
alba. hy-dra'tion, the process of forming a 
hydrate. 


430 


HYDRAULICS 


431 


HYDRO- 


hy-drau'lics. Tlie science of liquids in motion. [ < 
v(]pavAL^ a watersorgan.] 
hy'dra-zine. Diamine, a gaseous compound. 

or any one of the substitution products derived 
from it.- 

hy-drec'ta-sis. Distention by water or a watery 
liquid. [< v 6 (j)p water + enTaaig distention.] 
hy-drem'e-sis. V^omiting of a watery fluid, 
hy-dre'mi a. =Hydr^emi.\. 

hy-dren'ce-phal, hy-dren-ceph'a-lon. A hydroce¬ 
phalic brain. [< v^iop water - 1 - kyKhpaAo<^ brain.] 
hydren-ceph-a-li'tis. Inflammatory hydrocephalus, 
hy-dren-ceph'a-lo-cele. Hernial protrusion of a 
portion of the brain, including part of a ventricle, 
hy-dren-ceph'a-lus. = Hydrocephalus. 
hy-dren'te-ro-cele. Intestinal hernia in which the 
sac contains fluid. 

hy-dren-tor-rhoe'a. Diarrhoea with watery stools, 
hy-dri'a-sis. = Hydrotherapeutics. ffly-dri- 
at'ic; hy-dri-at'ric. 

hy'dric. Containing replaceable hydrogen; com¬ 
bined with hydrogen. 

hy'drid, hy'dride. A compound of hydrogen and an 
element or a radical. 

hy'dri-o-date. A. salt of hydriodic acid, e.specially 
one in which the base is ammonium, an alkaloid, 
or a similar radical. 

hy-dri-od'ic acid. A gaseous acid, HI, the salts of 
which are known as iodides and hydriodates. 

Syrupus acidi hydriodici*. H. ether = 
ETHYL IODIDE. [<Pfiwp water-f L. fo'Jww iodine.] 

hy-dri-o'sis. = Hydrotherapeutics. 
hy'dro-. Relating to water or to hydrogen: a 
combining form. [< vAup water.] hy-dro'a. 
I. = Dermatitis herpetiformis. 2. A group 
of unclassifiable bullous and vesicular cutaneous 
diseases, as H. cBsiiva'lis = 'H.. pueroru.m: H. 
bullo'sa . or prurigtno'sa = dermatitis herpeti¬ 
formis: H. puero'rum or vaccinifor'mis, a form 
occurring in young male children in which the 
vesicles become umbilicated and leave depressed 
cicatrices; recurrent summer eruption.— hydro- 
a-dip'si a, lack of thirst. {*\G. ’10.] — hydros 
a-er'ic, characteristic of a cavity containing both 
water-and air: said of auscultation sounds.— 
hydrosal-co-hol'ic tincture, a very dilute alco¬ 
holic tincture.— hy-dro-a'ri um, dropsy of the 
ovary.— hydro-ben-zo'in, a body, C^Hj^Oo, ob¬ 
tained from benzoin by the action of hydrogen. 

— hydro-bil-i-ru'bin, a bile pigment, C-oHjoN^O-, 
formed from bilirubin by the absorption of 
hydrogen and oxygen through bacterial decom¬ 
position.— hy-dro-bro'mate, a combination of 
hydrobromic acid with a base.— hy-dro-bro'mic 
acid, an irritating gaseous body, HBr. c^Acidum 
hydrobromicum dilutum*. H. ether = ethyl 
bromide. — hydro-bro-mi'o-dide, a salt contain¬ 
ing hydrogen, bromine, and iodine.— hydro-bry- 
o-re'tin, a substance, C^iH-j^Og, obtained along 
with bryoretin by treating bryonin with acids. 

— hy-dro-car'bon, any one of a number of gase¬ 

ous, fluid, or solid compounds of carbon and 
hydrogen, divided into series according to the 
proportions of carbon and hydrogen they contain, 
and each member of a series differing from the 
preceding member by the addition of the con¬ 
stant CH.j. The principal series are the Paraffin 
or Marsh'gas series or saturated hydrocarbons, 
(CnH2n-|-2) ■> Olefin series or unsaturated 

hydrocarbons, (CnHon): and the Benzene series 
or aromatic hydrocarbons, (CnH^n-e)-— hy-dro- 
car'bo-nate, a compound of a carbonate and a 


hydrate; an acid carbonate.— hy-dro-car'di a — 
iiydropericardium. — hy'dro-cele, an accumula¬ 
tion of fluid, especially one in the tunica vagi¬ 
nalis testis or its vicinity, or in the canal of 
Nuck. H.sagar, ascitic fluid mixed with ordi¬ 
nary agar: used as a culture*mediuni. Congen¬ 
ital h., a collection of fluid in an unobliteratcd 
fetal canal joining the cavities of the tunica 
vaginalis and peritoneum. Encysted h., hydro¬ 
cele occurring under the form of cysts distinct 
from the cavity of the tunica vaginalis. H. 
hernia'lis = HERNIAL hydrocele. Infantile h., 
a collection of fluid in a process of the tunica 
vaginalis extending up the cord, but not com¬ 
municating with the peritoneal cavity. H. 
mulie'bris, hydrocele of the canal of Nuck in the 
labium majus.— hydro-ce-lo'des, a false hydro¬ 
cele due to an accumulation of urine in the 
scrotum.— hydro-ce-no'sis, removal of dropsical 
effusions by internal medication or by operation, 
t hydro-ce-not'ic. — hydro-ce-phal'o-cele = hy- 
drencephalocele. — hy-dro-ceph'a-lus, an ab¬ 
normal accumulation of fluid within the cranium, 
termed external when in the meninges, internal 
when in the ventricles, chronic, infantile, or con¬ 
genital when occurring in infants and of slow 
progress, and acute when it accompanies menin¬ 
gitis, the tubercular form of which is often 
termed acute hydrocephalus, t^ydro-ce-phal'ic, 
as H. cry, a sharp cry uttered by hydrocephalic 
children, assumed to be characteristic of hydro¬ 
cephalus. hydro-ceph-a-li'tis = hydrencepha- 
LiTis. hydro-ceph‘a-lo-cen-te'sis, the operation 
of puncturing the head in hydrocephalus. hy- 
dro-ceph'a-loid, as H. disease, a condition re¬ 
sembling hydrocephalus, but distinguished from 
it by depressed fontanels, due to diarrhoea or 
other wasting disease. — hy-dro-chin'one. i. 
Paradioxybenzol, a body, CgHgOg, found in the 
urine after the ingestion of phenol. 2. = 
Hydroquinone. — hy-dro-chlo'rate, a combina¬ 
tion of hydrochloric acid with a base; a hydro¬ 
chloride.— hy-dro-chlo'ric, consisting of hydro¬ 
gen and chlorine. H. acid. i. A colorless acid 
gas, HCl, freely soluble in water, formed by the 
union of hydrogen and chlorine. 2. The aque¬ 
ous solution containing about 32% by weight of 
the above; muriatic acid: used as a caustic, 
antipyretic, and antiseptic. ^Acidum hydro- 
CHLORICUM DILUTUM*. H. acid gaS=H. ACID, 
def. r. H. ether = ethyl chloride. — hy-dro- 
chlo'ride = h yd roc 11 lo r ate. —■ hy dro-cho-le-cys'- 
tis, dropsy of the gall-bladder. — hydro-cin- 
chon'i-dine, an alkaloid, Cj.iHj^NgO, found in com¬ 
mercial cinchonidine.— hy-dro-cin'cho-nine, an 
alkaloid, of uncertain composition, derived from 
cinchonine.— hydro-cin-nam'ic acid, a crystal¬ 
line compound, CH3.CH(C6H5).COOH, formed by 
the action of sodium amalgam upon cinnamic 
acid; alphaphenylpropionic acid.— hy-dro-cir'so- 
cele, simultaneous hydrocele and varicocele.— 
hy-dro-ccE'li a = ascites. — hy-dro-col'li-dine, a 
poisonous, oily ptomaine, CgHjgN, derived from 
putrefying flesh, believed by some to be iden¬ 
tical with a body obtained from nicotine.— 
hy-dro-col'po-cele, a watery or serous cyst of 
the vagina.— hy-dro-co'ni on, -ni um, a shower- 
bath or atomizer. — hy-dro-cor'i-dine, a pto¬ 
maine, C,oH lyN, probably identical with that 
formed by Bacte'rium al'lii in agar-agar solu¬ 
tions.— hydro-co-tar'nine, an alkaloid, C12HJ.- 
NOg-f-iH^O, obtained from opium.— hy-dro-co'- 


HYDRO- 


432 


HYDRO- 


to-ine, an alkaloid, €1514^404, obtained from coto 
bark.— Hydrocot'yle, a genus of umbelliferous 
plants. H. asiai'ica, an Eastern species, is used 
in leprosy and cutaneous diseases, and H. umbel- 
la'ta, an American species, has emetic properties, 
and is also used in hepatic and splenic disorders. 

— hy-dro-cra'ni um, -cra'ni a = HYDROCEPHALUS. 

— hy-dro-cy'a-nate, a salt of hydrocyanic acid.— 
hy-dro-cy-an'ic acid, prussic acid, HCN, a com¬ 
pound of hydrogen and cyanogen, a volatile, ex¬ 
tremely poisonous liquid from almonds, peach* 
pits, wild cherry leaves, etc., and prepared from the 
cyanides and ferrocyanides. e^AciouM hydrocy- 
ANicuM DiLUTUM*. H. ether, ethyl cyanide. H. 
fermentation, that fermentation by which amyg- 
dalin becomes converted into hydrocyanic acid, oil 
of bitter almond, and glucose; amygdalous fer¬ 
mentation. It is produced by the action of emul- 
sin. fhy-dro-cy'a-nism, poisoning with hydrocy¬ 
anic acid. Among the symptoms are loss of con¬ 
sciousness, convulsions, general paralysis, etc.— 
hy'dro-cyst, a hydatid or watery cyst.— hydro- 
cys-to'ma,a non*inflammatory cystic formation of 
the sweat*glands of the face, with lesions resem¬ 
bling boiled sago*grains embedded in the skin: 
frequently seen in washerwomen and others who 
sweat excessively.— hy-dro-der'ma = anasarca. 

— hy-dro-di'a-scope, an apparatus shaped like a 
pair of spectacles, having two chambers filled 
with physiological salt solution: worn to correct 
astigmatism.— hydro-dif-fu'sion, the interdiffu¬ 
sion of two liquids.— hydro-di-u-re'sis, an abun¬ 
dant flow of watery urine.— hydro-dy-nam'ics, the 
science of liquids in motion.— hy-drce-de'ma = 
CEDEMA.— hydro=e-lec'tric bath, a bath in which 
one pole of a battery is connected with the water 
it contains and the other with a person in it.— 
hydrose-lec-tri-za'tion, electrization in which 
water forms an electrode, as in the hydro-elec¬ 
tric bath.— hydrosencephaloce'le palati'na, a her¬ 
nial protrusion into the mouth of the dura mater 
distended with fluid. — hy-drosen'te-ro-cele = 
HYDRENTEROCELE. — hydros8r-got'i-nin = ergot- 
iNiNE. [H L. ij. ’08.] — hydro-fer-ri-cy-an'ic acid, 
an acid, HgFe2(C3N3)4, which combines with 
bases to form the ferricyanides.— hydro-fer-ro- 
cy-an'ic acid, an acid, H4Fe(C3N3)2, which unites 
with bases to form the ferrocyanides.— hydro- 
flu-or'ic acid, a colorless gaseous acid, HF, 
formed by the union of hydrogen and fluorine. 
It is highly irritating, etches glass, and, freely 
diluted, has been used as an antiseptic.— hy'dro- 
gen and associated words, see in vocabulary place 
at end of this list.— hy-dro-glos'sa = ranula. — 
hy'dro-gol, a solution said to contain colloidal 
silver: used in gonorrhoea.— hy-dro-haem'o-stat, 
an instrument for arresting hemorrhage by dis¬ 
tending a cavity or canal with water.— hydro- 
haem-o-tho'rax, the presence of blood and a 
watery fluid in the thorax.— hydro-hy-me-ni'tis 
^ HYDRYMENiTis. — hy-dro-hys'te-ra = hydro- 
METRA. — hy'droid, resembling water. — hydro- 
ki-net'ics, that branch of kinetics which deals with 
liquids in motion. — hydro-lac-tom'e-ter, an in¬ 
strument for determining the amount of water in 
milk.— hydrolat (i-dro-la), an aqueous distillate. 
[F.]— hydrole (i-dro-le), an aqueous solution. 
[F.]— hy-dro'le in, an emulsified cod-liver oil con¬ 
taining pancreatin and borax.— hy-drol'o-gy, a 
description of the composition and uses of water. 

— hy-drol'y-sis, decomposition of a body by its 
taking up water, fhy'dro-lyst, a hydrolytic 






^ — 


1 * 






S 



ferment, hy'dro-lyte, a product of hydrolysis, 
thy-dro-lyt'ic, as H. ferment, a ferment which acts 
only in the presence of water and causes hydroly¬ 
sis. Most of the digestive ferments are hydro¬ 
lytic.— hy-dro'ma, a watery cyst or tumor.— hy- 
dro-ma'nia. i. Great thirst; diabetes insipidus. 
2. Inclination to commit suicide by drowning.— 
hydro-me-con'ic acid, an acid, C^HjqO;, formed 
from meconic acid 
by the addition of 
hydrogen. — hy'- 
dro-mel, water 
impregnated with 
honey. — hydro¬ 
men-in-gi'tis. I. 

Meningitis with 
serous effusion; 
hydrocephalus. 

2. = Desceme- 

TITIS.— hydro- 
me-nin'go-cele. i. 

Meningocele; a 
protrusion of the 
membranes of the 
brain. 2. A va¬ 
riety of spina bif¬ 
ida in which the 
protrusion in¬ 
volves the spinal 
membranes only. 

— hy-drom'e-ter, 
an instrument for 
ascertaining the 
specific gravity of 
fluids. — hy-dro- 
me'tra, dropsy of 
the uterus, a con¬ 
dition in which a 
watery fluid col¬ 
lects in the uterine cavity. — hydro-met-rec- 
ta'sia, hydrometra producing distention of the 
womb.— hy-dro-met'ric, relating to a hydrome¬ 
ter or its uses.— hy-drom'e-try, the determination 
of specific gravities by means of an hydrometer. 

— hydro-mi-cro-ceph'a-lus, hydrocephalus of a 
microcephalic child. — hy-drom-phal'o-cele, a 
cystic tumor at the umbilicus containing fluid 
and originating in an umbilical hernia.—hy-drom'- 
pha-lon, -lum, -lus, a tumor of the umbilicus 
containing water.— hydro-my-el'o-cele, hydro- 
my-e'lia, hydro-my-e-li'tis, hy-dro-my'e-lus, a 
variety of spina bifida in which the cavity 
of the sac is formed by the central canal of 
the cord; hydrorrhachis interna. ^Syringo¬ 
myelia. — hydro-my-o'ma, a cystic myoma 
containing fluid; usually uterine. — hydro-my- 
rin'ga, hydro-my'rinx. i. CEdema of the 
membrana tympani. 2 An accumulation of 
fluid in the tympanum. — hydro-naph-thyl- 
am'ine, tetrahydrobetanaphthylamine, a myd¬ 
riatic used in 1% to 5% solutions.— hy-dro- 
naph'thol, a naphthol derivative used as an in¬ 
testinal disinfectant, and, in a solution of i part 
per 1000 parts of water, as a disinfectant. Dose, 
0.2 to 0.3 Gm. (4 to 5 grs.).— hy-dron'cos,-cus, 
anasarca; oedema.— hydro-ne-phro'sis, an ac¬ 
cumulation of urine in the pelvis of the kidney, 
caused by some obstruction, as calculi in the 
ureter. Intermittent h., an intermitting hydrone¬ 
phrosis, believed to be due to the twisting of the 
ureter of a movable kidney. Ihydro-ne-phrot'- 
ic.— hydrosol-i-go-cy-thae'mi a, a form of anaemia 


Hydrometer. — A. The bobbin. 
B. The weight. C. The stem. 

d. The meniscus on the stem. 

e. The meniscus on the walls of 
the glass vessel, f. Proper line 
of vision, g. Improper line of 
vision. (Emerson.) 













HYDRO- 


433 


HYDRO- 


in which the proportion of serum is increased, 
usually consecutive to chronic metallic poisoning. 

— hydro-par-a-sal'pinx, accumulation of water 

in the accessory tubes of the oviduct.— hy-dro- 
par'e-sis, paresis accompanied by oedematous 
swellings.— hy-drop'a-thy, a system of treating 
diseases by the plentiful use, internal and exter¬ 
nal, of water. hy'dro-path, hy-drop'a-^thist, a 
practitioner of hydropathy. hy-dro-path'ic. — 
hydro-pe-de'sis, excessive perspiration.— hydro- 
per-i-car-di'tis, pericarditis with effusion.— hy- 
dro-per-i-car'di um, an accumulation of fluid 
within the pericardium.— hydro-per-i-di-dym'i a 
= HYDROCELE. — hy-dro-per'i On, the fluid which 
was believed to exist between the decidua reflexa 
and the decidua vera.— hydro-per-i-pneu-mo'- 
nia, pneumonia with the effusion of a watery 
fluid. — hydro-per-i-to-nae'um — ascites. — hy- 
dro-phal'lus, a dropsical swelling of the penis.— 
hy-droph'i-lous cotton, absorbent cotton.— hy- 
dro-phleg-ma'si a, inflammation attended with a 
liquid effusion.— hy-dro-pho'bia. i. A dread or 
horror of water. 2. The disease in the human 
subject caused by the bite of an animal affected 
with rabies; lyssa humana. H. hyster'ica, short 
attacks of pharyngeal and glottidial spasms usu¬ 
ally combined with other hysterical symptoms, 
thy'dro-phobe, a person affected with hydropho¬ 
bia. hy-dro-pho'bic, as H. = cephalic 

TETANUS. — hy'dro-phone, a variety of stetho¬ 
scope in which sound is transmitted by a 
column of water.— hydro-pho-pho'bi a = lysso- 
PHOBiA.— hydroph-thal'mi a, -mos, -ilius, in¬ 
crease in the fluid contents of the eyeball, 
resulting in distention. Hydrophthalmia may 
be anterior (confined to the anterior segment), 
posterior (confined to the posterior part be¬ 
hind the lens), or total, thy-droph-thal'mic. — 
hy'dro-phyr, a variety of peptone insoluble in 
alcohol.— hy-dro-phy'so-cele, hernia the sac of 
which contains fluid and air or gas.— hydro- 
phy-so-me'tra, accumulation of air or gas and 
fluid in the uterus.— hy-drop'ic. i. Belonging 
to or affected by dropsy. 2. A dropsical person; 
a remedy for dropsy.— hy-drop'i-ca, remedies for 
dropsy. — hy-drop'i-per, ts- Polygonum. — hy- 
dro-pleu'ra = hydrothorax. — hy-dro-pleu'ri-sy, 
pleurisy with effusion.— hydro-pneu-ma-to'sis, 
an accumulation of fluid and air or gas in an 
organ or viscus.— hy-dro-pneu-mo'ni a, oedema 
of the lungs.— hydro-pneu-mo-per-i-car'di um, 
a collection of fluid and air or gas within the 
pericardium.— hydro-pneu-mo-tho'rax, pneumo¬ 
thorax with effusion.— hy'dro-poid, resembling 
dropsy.— hy'drops, hy-drop'sia, dropsy; a patho¬ 
logical effusion of fluid into any portion of the 
body, as//. aw'«A‘ = hydramnion: H. artic'uli, 
effusion into a synovial cavity: H. bronchia'Us, 
effusion of fluid into the bronchial tubes: H. 
chylo'sis, effusion of chyle into the tissues or a 
cavity of the body: H. tu'bce or tuba'rum — 
hydrosalpinx: and H. ventric'uli, a collection 
of fluid in the cerebral ventricles; internal hydro¬ 
cephalus. fhy-drop'tic. — hydro-py-o-ne-phro'- 
sis, distention of the pelvis of the kidney with 
urine and pus.— hydro-py-o-pneu-mo-tho'rax, 
hydropneumothorax with pus in the pleural sac. 

— hydro-py-o-sal'pinx, accumulation of pus and 

fluid in the oviduct.— hy-dro-py're-tos = angli- 
cus SUDOR, fh-ydro-py-ret'ic. — hy-dro-quin'i- 
dine, an alkaloid, -f 2^1120, derived 

from quinidine. — hy-dro-quin'ine, a cinchona 

28 


alkaloid, C2oH2gN202, having valuable antipy¬ 
retic properties.— hy-dro-quin'one, a crystalline 
compound, CgHgOg, obtained from quinone, quinic 
acid, arbutin, and several other bodies, soluble 
in water, alcohol, and ether, and having antipy¬ 
retic effects without subsequent depression. Dose, 
I to 1.33 Gm. (15 to 20 grs ).— hy-dror'chis, hy¬ 
drocele of the tunica vaginalis.— hy-dro-rhe'o- 
stat, RHEOSTAT. — hy-dror-rha’chi-o-ccn-te'sis, 
puncture of the spinal membranes for the relief 
of hydrorrhachis.— hy-dror'rha-chis, accumula¬ 
tion of fluid within the spinal cord or around it ; 
spina bifida; hydromyelocele; as H. exter'na, effu¬ 
sion of fluid between the cord and its mem¬ 
branes: H. exter'na aw/^'rtor= meningomyelo¬ 
cele: H. exter'na posfeVtor = meningocele: H. 
inter'na = hydromyelocele. — hydror-rha-chi'- 
tis, inflammatory hydrorrhachis.— hy-dror-rhce'a, 
a watery discharge, as H. gratida'rum, puerpera'- 
rum, or u'teri gra'vidi, an escape of fluid from 
the uterus during pregnancy; Naboth’s menor- 
rhoea.— hydro-sad-e-ni'tis = hidrosadenitis, as 
H. phlegmono'sa — hydradenitis destruens 
suppurativa. — hy-dro-sal'pinx, an accumula¬ 
tion of fluid in the oviduct; hydrops tubae.— hy'- 
drossalt. i. A salt containing hydrogen. 2. An 
acid salt.— hy-dro-sar'ca = anasarca. — hy-dro- 
sar'co-cele, hydrocele combined with sarcocele.— 
hy-dros'che-o-cele, hy-dros'cheon, a scrotal hernia 
containing fluid. —■ hy-dro'sis = hidrosis. — hy- 
dro-sper'ma-to-cyst, a hydrocele containing sper¬ 
matozoa. — hy-dro-sphyg'mo-graph, an instru¬ 
ment for obtaining records of the pulse in which 
water transmits the impulses.— hydro-spi-rom'- 
e-ter, a form of spirometer in which the expira¬ 
tory force is measured by a column of water.— 
hy'dro-stat, an arrangement for preventing the 
spilling of fluids from electric batteries during 
transportation.— hy-dro-stat'ic, relating to the 
properties of fluids when at rest, as H. bed — 
watershed: and H. test, the ascertaining whether 
the lungs of a newsborn infant will float in 
water; if they do, it is proof that the child has 
been born alive.— hy-dro-stat'ics, that branch of 
mechanics which treats of liquids at rest.— hy- 
dro-sto'mia, excessive flow of fluid into or from 
the mouth.— hydro-su-dop'a-thy, hydropathy in 
which sweating plays an important part.— hy- 
dro-suTphide, a sulphide; more properly, a sul- 
PH YD rate. — hydro-sul-phu'ric acid, sulphuretted 
hydrogen; hvdrogen sulphide.— hydro-sy-rin'go- 
my-e'li a, a condition in which there are cavities 
in the spinal cord, due partly to distention of the 
central canal, partly to degeneration of the tissue 
outside of it.— hydro-ther-a-peu'tics, hy-dro-ther'- 
a-py, treatment of diseases bj' water.— hydro-thi- 
o-nae'mi a, the presence of hydrogen sulphide in the 
blood. — hydro-thi*o-nam-mo-nae'mi a, the pres¬ 
ence of ammonium hydrosulphide in the blood.—• 
hydro-thi-o-nu'ri a, the presence of hydrogen sul¬ 
phide in the urine.— hy-dro-tho'rax, an effusion of 
fluid into the pleural cavity not due to inflamma¬ 
tion. thydro-tho-ra'cic. — hy-drot'ic = hydra - 
GOGUE. — hy-dro'tis, the presence of an abnormal 
collection of fluid in the tympanum.— hy-drot'- 
o-my, the separation of the structural elements of 
tissues by the forcible injection of water.— hy- 
dro-tym'pa-num, a collection of fluid in the tym¬ 
panum.— hydro=u-re'ter, dropsy of the ureter.— 
hy'drous, containing water, as H. chloral, chloral 
hydrate: and H. wooUfat = adeps lan ^ hydro - 
sus*. — hy-dro-va'ri um = hydroarium . — hy- 


HYDROGEN 


434 


HYMENOLEPIS 


drox'ide, a compound of hydroxyl with an 
element or a radical.— hy-drbx'ysac-id, an acid 
derived from another acid by substituting hy¬ 
droxyl for hydrogen, or by adding oxygen; oxys 
acid. — hy-drox'y-ben'zol = hydroquinone. — 
hy-drox'y-cho'line = MUSCARINE. — hy-drox‘y-cy'- 
mene = THYMOL. — hy-drox'yl, the radical ^OH) 
of hydroxides, etc.— hy-drox-yl-am'ine, a basic 
substance, NHgOH, resembling the amines, being 
known only by its compounds. Its hydrochlo¬ 
rate has been substituted for chrysarobin.— hy- 
drox'y-pro-pi-on'ic acid = lactic acid.— hy'dro- 
zone, an aqueous solution of hydrogen dioxide, 
hy'dro-gen. The lightest substance and element, 
having an atomic weight of i, and a specific 
gravity of 0.069 compared with air. It is 
colorless, odorless, and tasteless, and highly in¬ 
flammable. Symbol, H. H. acid, an acid formed 
by the union of hydrogen with an element with¬ 
out the intervention of oxygen. H. antimonide, 
antimoniureted or antimoneted hydrogen, SbHg, 
a colorless, odorless, combustible gas formed by 
the action of nascent hydrogen upon a zinc and 
antimony alloy or upon a solution of a salt of 
antimony; stibine. It burns with a livid flame, 
depositing metallic antimony upon a porcelain 
surface held against it. H. arsenide = arsine. H. 
dioxide = H. peroxide. H. disulphide, sulphu¬ 
retted hydrogen, H^S, a gas of an offensive odor, 
used at one time in the treatment of phthisis. 
H. fermentation, fermentation of cellulose in 
alkaline solutions, producing hydrogen and car¬ 
bon dioxide. H. monoxide, water. H. peroxide, 
oxygenized water, HgO^, a colorless and odorless 
oily fluid, with an astringent and bitter taste, 
which parts with a portion of its oxygen with 
great readiness, and is used in solution for 
bleaching, oxidizing, and disinfecting, also as a 
douche or spray in nose and throat diseases. 
i^Aqua hydrogenii dioxidi*; perborates. H. 
persulphide, a yellowish liquid, H,S2, with anti¬ 
septic properties. H. sulphide =H. disulphide. 
H. test, a test for perforation of the intestines, 
employed by injecting hydrogen into the rectum, 
when if perforation exists the hydrogen will 
escape and may be detected by its inflammabil¬ 
ity. thy-dro-ge-na'tion. hy-drog'e-nous. 
hy-dru'ria, hy-dru-re'sis. The excretion of much 
urine of low specific gravity, fhy-dru'ric. 
hydry-me-ni'tis. Inflammation of a serous surface, 
hy'gi ene. That department of medicine which has 
for its direct object the preservation of the health 
and morals of the individual or of the public;, 

. the prevention of disease being its chief aim. 
[< vyieia health.] thy'gi-en-ism, close observ¬ 
ance of hygienic rules, hy-gi-en-i-za'tion, the 
production of hygienic conditions, hygi-ei-ol'a- 
try, excessive care for one’s health, hy-gi-en'ic. 
hy'gi-en-ist, a physician who studies or practises 
hygiene or writes on that subject, hy-gi-ol'o-gy, 
hy-ge-ol'o-gy, hygiene. 

hy-gre-che'ma. The sound heard in auscultation 
caused by the presence of fluid, 
hy'grine. An oily alkaloid of uncertain chemical 
composition obtained from Eryihrox'ylon co'ca, 
having mydriatic properties. [< vypog moist.] 
hy'gro-. Denoting or relating to moisture: a com¬ 
bining form. [< vypog moist.] hy'gro-cele = 
HYDROCELE. — hy-gro-dcr'mi a, a noninflamma¬ 
tory skin disease marked by increased moisture. 
— hygro-hae-mat'o-cele, a hydrocele of the tu¬ 
nica vaginalis testis combined with haematocele.— 


hy-grol'o-gy, the science of fluids or of humors, 

— hy-gro’ma. i. A cyst containing a non*puru- 
lent fluid. 2. A bursal effusion, Housemaid’s 
KNEE. —hy'gro-med, an instrument for determin¬ 
ing the amount of moistare given off by the skin. 

— hy-grom'e-ter, an instrument for ascertaining 
the degree of moisture in atmospheric air. t^y- 
gro-met'ric. hy-grom'e-try.— Hygroph'ila spi- 
no'sa, an East Indian acanthaceous plant, said 
to be diuretic and aphrodisiac.— hy-gro-pho'bi a, 
dread of moisture.— hy'groph-thal-my, ophthal¬ 
mia accompanied by a profuse secretion of tears. 

— hy'gro-plasm, the fluid portion of protoplasm: 

opposed to STEREOPLASM. - hy'grO-SCOpe = HY¬ 

GROMETER. — hy-gro-scop'ic, absorbing moisture 
readily.— hy-gro-sto'mi a, chronic salivation. 

hy'las; hy'la. A branch of the sylvian aqueduct. 

hy'le. = Protyl, def. i. 

hy'lic. “Pulpy”; not lepidic: applied to tissues. 
(Adami.) ^ tumor from parenchy¬ 

ma cells. 

hy-lop'a-thism. Any disease due to changes in the 
constitution of matter. 

hy'men*. A fold of mucous membrane which ex¬ 
tends across the entrance to the vagina, closing 
it more or less completely, and denominated ac¬ 
cording to its shape, condition, etc., as annular, 
cribriform, denticular, imperforate, sculptured, 
septate, etc. fhy'me-nal, hy-me'nial, as H. car¬ 
uncles — CARUNCULvE HYMENALES*. 

Hymenae'a. A genus of leguminous trees, species 
of which furnish varnish gums. H. cour'baril 
has astringent and arterial sedative properties. 
Dose of fl. ext., 0.6 to 1.3 Cc. (10 to 20 mins.). 

hy-me-ni'tis. Inflammation of the hymen or of 
any membrane. [< hprjv membrane.] 

hy'me-no-. Relating to or denoting a membrane: 
a combining form. [< membrane.] hy'me- 
noid, membraniform.— hy-me-nol'o-gy, a trea¬ 
tise on the membranes; the science of 
the membranes.— hyme-no-ma-la'- 
ci a, softening of the serous mem¬ 
branes.— Hymenomyce'tes, ts- Basi- 
DioMYCETEs. — hy-me-not'rha-phy, 
colporrhaphy performed at the hy¬ 
men.— hy-men'o-tome, an instru¬ 
ment for cutting membranes.— 
hy-me-not'o-my. i. Dissection of 
membranes. 2. The cutting of the 
hymen. 


Hymenolepis NANA. — Adult (left). Head (right) a 
Hooklet. (Braun.) 




Hymenole'pis. A genus of Tceniidce. H. diminu'ta, 
the yellow*spotted tapeworm; Tce'nia diminu'ta; 
T. leplaceph'ala; H. flavopuncta'ta; T. flavopunc- 
ia'ta; T. flavomacula'ta; T. min'ima; T. septoceph'- 
ala; T. varesi'na: a rare and probably accidental 
parasite of man. H. lanceola'ta, a species found 









HYO- 


435 


HYPER- 


chiefly in domestic fowls, as the goose and duck, 
Tcen'ia acutis'sima; T. an'serum {an'setts); T. lan~ 
ceola'ta. H. na'na, the dwarf tapeworm; Tce'nia 
muri'na; T. na'na; T. cegyp'tica; Diplacan'thus 
tna'nus; Hymenole'pis muri'na: more or less 
common, as in children in warm climates. 

hy'o-. Denoting connection with the hyoid bone: a 
combining form. [< v the Greek letter upsilon.] 
hyo-ba-si-o-glos'sus = basioglossus. — hy-o- 
bran'chi al cleft, visceral clefts. — hyo-chon- 
dro-glos'sus = HYOGLossus. — hyo=ep-i-glot- 
tid'i an, sep-i-glot'tic ligament, an elastic fibrous 
band extending from the anterior surface of the 
epiglottis, near the apex, to the upper edge of 
the body of the hyoid bone; ligamentum hyoepi- 
glotiicum*. — hyo=ep-i-glot-tid'e-us, an occasion¬ 
ally occurring muscle arising from the lingual 
aspect of the epiglottis and inserted into the 
middle tubercle of the hyoid bone.— hy-o-glos'- 
sal, pertaining to the hyoid bone and the tongue, 
as H. membrane, a fibrous lamina connecting the 
under surface of the base of the tongue with the 
body of the hyoid bone.— hy-o-glos'sus, a flat 
muscle arising from the body and cornua of the 
hyoid bone and inserted into the side of the 
tongue; musculus hyoglossus*. — hy'oid, see in 
vocabulary place at end of this list.— hyo-man- 
dib'u-lar, pertaining to the hyoid bone and the 
lower jaw, as H. cleft, the first visceral cleft.— 
hy-o-men'tal, relating to the hyoid bone and the 
chin, as H. region, the space between the lower 
jaw and the hyoid bone.— hyo-pha-ryn'ge us, 
the middle constrictor of the pharynx, or the 
portion of it arising from the cornua of the hyoid 
bone.— hy-o-scap'u-lar, relating to the hyoid 
bone and the scapula.— hy-o-ster'nal region = in¬ 
frahyoid REGION. 

hyo-gly-co-chol'ic acid. A bile=acid, C27H^3N05, 
from the bile of the hog. [< if swine -f- glyco- 

CHOLIC.] 

hy'oid, hy-oi'dean. Resembling the Greek letter 
f; pertaining to or connected with the hyoid bone. 
H. arch, the second visceral arch. H. artery, &~ 
infrahyoid artery; suprahyoid artery. H. 
bars=*H. plates. H. bone, the os hyoides, or 
lingual bone, a horseshoe=shaped bone, with its 
convexity directed forward, situated superficially 
in the middle of the neck, at the root of the 
tongue; os hyoideum*., It is made up of a central 
portion, or body, from which project backward 
on either side two processes, the greater and lesser 
cornua, which until adult life are connected to 
the body by ligaments. H. fossa = sinus pyri- 
FORMis. H. plates, the pair of cartilaginous 
plates or bars forming the second visceral arch. 
From them part of the hyoid bone is developed. 
[< voecdr^g, fr. v Greek letter Y + tl 6 oq form or 
resemblance.] 

hyosci'nae hydrobro'midum*. Hyoscine hydrobro¬ 
mide, a salt of hyoscine; hyoscinae hydrobromas 
of the 1890 U. S. P. It has soporific, mydriatic, 
and antaphrodisiac properties. Dose, 0.0005 Gm. 

hy'o-scine. i. An alkaloid, chemically 

identical with scopolamine, obtained from hyo- 
SCYAMUS*, and other plants of the Solana'cece, and 
occurring as a thick, almost colorless, syrupy 
liquid. It is used as an hypnotic and sedative, in 
alcoholic tremor, mania, chorea, etc., and as a 
mydriatic, in i to 400 solution. Internal dose, 
0.00015 to 0.0003 Gm. (4^^^ to gr.). H. hy- 
driodate, a yellowish, crystalline compound, 


Ci 7H23N03.HI.^H20. Dose, as of hyoscine. H. 
hydrobromide = HYOSCIN.E hydrobromidum*. 2. 
= Tropine. 3. An amorphous alkaloid, isomeric 
, with atropine, claimed by Ladenburg to have 
been separated from hyoscyamus*, but which 
was never found again. 

hy-o-scin'ic acid. A decomposition product of hyo- 
scyamine, identical with tropic acid, 
hy-o-sci'num. = Hyoscine. 

hyoscyami'nae hydrobro'midum*. Hyoscyamine hy¬ 
drobromide, Cj7H23N03.HBr; hyoscyaminae hy¬ 
drobromas of the 1890 U. S. P. Dose, 0.0005 
Gm. gr.)- H. sul'phas*, hyoscyamine sul¬ 
phate, (Cj 7H23N03)2.H2S04. Dose, 0.0005 Gni. 
gi*.). Hyoscyamine. 

hy-o-scy'a-mine. An alkaloid, C17H23NO3, obtained 
from HYOSCYAMUS* and other plants of the 
Solana'cece, as Datu'ra stramo'nium and At'ropa 
belladon'na: chemically identical with daturine 
and duboisine. It is used as an hypnotic, sedative, 
and mydriatic, chiefly in the form of the hydrobro¬ 
mide and sulphate. Dose, 0.0005 to 0.002 Gm. 
(tx 8 to^V gr ). H. hydrobromide =HYoscYAMiN.E 

HYDROBROMIDUM*. H. SUlphate = HYOSCYAMINAE 
SULPHAS*. 

Hyoscy'amus*. i. Henbane, a genus of solanaceous 
plants. 2. The U. S. P. 
name of the dried leaves 
and flowering tops of H. 
niger (Linn6; Fam. Solana'¬ 
cece), collected from plants 
of the second year’s growth, 
and yielding when assayed 
according to the process 
given in the U. S. P. not less 
than 0.08% of mydriatic 
alkaloids. It is narcotic, 
anodyne, sedative, hypnot¬ 
ic, and mydriatic. Dose, 

0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). Ex- 
TRACTUM HYOSCYAMI* ; FLU- 

IDEXTRACTUM HYOSCYAMI*; TINCTURA HYOSCYA¬ 
MI*. [< v ^ SOW + Kvaflog hean .] 
hyo-scy-pic'rin. 

seeds of Hyoscy'amus ni'ger. 
hyo-tau-ro-chol'ic acid. A bile^acid, 
from the bile of the hog. 
hyp. A colloquial abbreviation for hypochondria. 
hyp-. Denoting a slight degree; under; hypo-: a 
combining form. [< i'tto under.] hyp-a-cid'i-ty, 
decrease in the acidity of the gastric juice; sub¬ 
acidity.— hyp-a-cu'si a, -cu'sis, -ku'sis, defective 
hearing. — hy-pae'mia = hyph.emia. — hyp-aes- 
the'sia, incomplete anaesthesia, fhyp-aes-thet'ic. 
—^ hyp-al-bu-mi-no'sis, deficiency of the albumin¬ 
ous elements of the blood.— hyp-al-ge'sia, di¬ 
minished sensitiveness to pain. — hy-pal'gia, 
slight pain.— hyp-a-poph'y-sis, a median apophy¬ 
sis on the ventral side of the vertebral centrum. 

— hyp-as-the'ni a, a slight or very moderate de¬ 
gree of asthenia.— hy-pax'i al, beneath or ante¬ 
rior to the axis of the body or the vertebrae. 

hy-per-. Denoting over, above, beyond, exces¬ 
sive; SUPER-: a combining form. is-H ypo-. 

[ < VTzep over.] hyper-a-can-tho'sis, any cutane¬ 
ous disease in which there is hyperplasia of the 
prickle*cell layer.— hy-per-ac'id urate, curate. 

— hyper-a-cid'i-ty, excess of acidity, as of the 
gastric juice.— hyper-ac-tiv'i-ty, abnormal ac¬ 
tivity.— hyper-a-cu'sis, morbid acuteness or ex¬ 
altation of the sense of hearing; oxycoia.— hy¬ 
per-ad-e-no'sis, enlargement of the glands; Hodg- 



Hyoscyamus niger. 


A glucoside, C27H52OJ4, 


from the 


C2;H45NS0 




HYPER- 


436 


HYPER- 


kin’s disease.— hy-per-ae'mi a, excess of blood in 
any part, due either to increased influx {active 
hypercemia) or obstruction of the outflow (passive 
hyperoemia). Bier’s passive hyper.iEmia. 

fhy-per-ae'mic, as H. = congestive 

HEADACHE. — hyper-ass-the'si a, hy-per-aes-the'- 
sis, morbid increase of the general sensibility or 
of one of the special senses, as auditory, cere¬ 
bral, gustatory, muscular, olfactory, optic, and 
spinal h. H. acus'tica, a condition 
in which sound gives rise to un¬ 
pleasant sensations in the ear. H. 
op'tica, extreme sensibility of the 
eye to light. H. sexu- 
a'lis, abnormally in¬ 
creased sexual desire. 



Apparatus for Producing Intermittent Passive 

Hyperemia. 


thyper-aes-thet'ic, as H. zone, a portion of the in¬ 
tegument exhibiting morbid sensibility; seen in 
spinal paralysis.— hy-per-a-ku'sis=HYPERACusis. 
— hyper-al-bu-mi-no'sis, an abnormally high per¬ 
centage of albuminoid elements in the blood.— 
hy-per-al'gi a, hyper-al-ge'sia, over*sensitiveness 
to painful impressions, thy-per-al'gic, hyper-al- 
ge'sic.— hyper-al-i-men-ta'tion = superalimen¬ 
tation. — hyper-al-i-men-to'sis, disease due to 
excess in eating.— hyper-al-o-nae'mi a, excess of 
salts in the blood.— hyper-an-a-ki-ne'sis, exces¬ 
sive activity of a part.— hy-per-a'phi a, tactile hy- 
peraesthesia. — hyper-aph-ro-dis'i a, abnormally 
intense sexual desire. — hyper-ar-thro'sis, the 
possession of supernumerary joints^— hyper-as- 
the'nia, excessive debility.— hyper-az-o-tu'ria, 
excess of nitrogenous matter in the urine.— 
hy-per-brach*y-ce-phal'ic, having a lengthsbreadth 
index above 85. thyp6r-brach-y-ceph'a-ly. — 
hy-per-bu'li a, extreme or abnormal strength 
of will.— hy-per-car'di a, hyper-car-di-ot'ro-phy, 
hypertrophy of the heart.— hyper-ca-tab'o-lism, 
excessive destructive metamorphosis. — hyper- 
ca-thar'sis, excessive purging. thy‘P®r-ca-thar'- 
tic. — hyper-chlor-hy'dri a, excessive secretion 
of hydrochloric acid by the stomach; Rossbach’s 
disease.— hyper-cho-les-te-ras'mi a, excess of 
cholesterin in the blood.— hy-per-cho'lia, abnor¬ 
mally large secretion of bile.— hyper-chro-ma- 
tae'mia, an excess of the coloring matters of the 
blood.— hy-per-chro'ma-tism, hyper-chro-ma'sia, 
hy-per-chro'ma, excessive coloration or pigmenta¬ 
tion. thyper-chro-mat'ic, as H. cells, cells in 
which the number of chromosomes is above the 
average for that particular tissue: and H. karyoki- 
nesis or mitosis, karyokinesis. — hyper-chro- 
ma-to'sis, increased pigmentation; any cutaneous 
disease so characterized.— hy-per-chy4i a, excess¬ 
ive formation of chyle.— hyper-ci-ne'si a, hy- 
per-ci-ne'sis, muscular spasm or cramp, or the 
muscular irritability producing it; abnormal mo¬ 
bility ; hysteria; hypochondriasis.— hy'per-coele, 
the dorsal part of the epicoele, or fourth ven¬ 


tricle.— hy-per-crin'i a, excessive secretion.— 
hyper-cry-al-ge'si a, extreme or abnormal sen¬ 
sitiveness to cold. — hyper-cy-e'ma, -cy-e'sis, 
superfetation.— hyper-cyr-to'sis, excessive cur¬ 
vature.— hyper-dac-ry-o'sis, excessive secretion 
of tears. — hyper-dac-tyl'i a, the presence of 
more fingers or toes than are normal.— hyper- 
der-ma-to'sis, hypertrophy of the skin.— hy-per- 
dic'ro-tism, pronounced dicrotism. fhyper-di- 
crot'ic, as H. pulse, a markedly dicrotic pulse.— 
hyper-dis-ten'tion, over^extension.— hyper-di-u- 
re'sis, excessive urination.— hyper-don-tog'e-ny, 
a third dentition. G. ’10.]—hyper-dy-nam'ia, 

excessive muscular action; surplus of power. 
H. u'teri, exaggerated labor^pains.— hyper-e- 
che'sis, in auscultation and percussion, abnormal 
loudness or distinctness of sound. fhyper-e- 
chet'ic.— hy-per-em'e-sis, excessive vomiting, as 
H. gravida'rum, the pernicious vomiting of preg¬ 
nancy. fhyper-e-met'ic.— hyper-en-ceph'a-lus, 
a monstrosity in which the vault of the cranium 
is absent, leaving the brain partly or wholly ex¬ 
posed. — hyper-en-te-ri'tis, acute enteritis. — 
hyper-eph-i-dro'sis, excessive sweating.—-hyper- 
er-e-this'i a, hy-per-er'e-thism, excessive irrita¬ 
bility.— hy-per-er’y-thro-cy-thae'mi a, an excess 
of red bloodscorpuscles.— hyper-es-o-pho'ri a, an 
upward and inward tendency of either visual 
axis. — hyper-es-the'si a = hyperesthesia. — 
byper-ex-ci-ta-bil'i-ty, over=excitability. — hy- 
per-ex-o-pho'ri a, an upward and outward ten¬ 
dency of either visual axis.— hyper-ex-ten'sion, 
extension, as of a limb, beyond the usual amount. 

— hyper-fec-un-da'tion = superfecundation.—■ 
iiy-per-flex'ion, forced oversflexion.—-hy-per-gen'- 
e-sis, excessive development or hypertrophy of 
an organ or a tissue. thy’p®r-ge-net'ic, as H. 
teratism, a monstrosity in which there is congen¬ 
ital or acquired hypertrophy of a part.— hy-per- 
geu'sia, hyper-geu-aes-the'si a, excessive acute¬ 
ness of the sense of taste.— hyper-glo-bu'li a, 
excess in the number of red globules in the 
blood.— hyper-gly-cae'mi a, an abnormal amount 
of sugar in the blood.— hyper-gly-co-ge'nia, 
excess in the production of glycogen.—^ hy-per- 
hae'mia=- hyperemia. — hyper-he-do'nia, an 
increased pleasure in performing agreeable acts. 

— hyper-hi-dro'sis = hyperidrosis. —-hyper-hy- 
drae'mia, increased amount of bloodsserum.— 
hyper-i-de-a'tion, abnormal activity of mind; hy- 
pernoia.— hyper-i-dro'sis, excessive perspiration, 
or a disease characterized by it.— hy-peru-no* 
ep-i-the-li-o'ma, ino=epithelioma with a large 
amount of fibrous elements.— hy-per'in-o-sae'- 
mia, the formation of an abnormal amount of 
fibrin in the blood.— hyper-i-no'sis. i. A dis¬ 
ease of the blood consisting in excess of fibrin. 
2. Muscular erethism. thyper-i-not'ic. — hy¬ 
per-in-vo-lu'tion, postspartum atrophy of the 
uterus.— hyper-is-o-to'ni a, marked equality of 
tone or tonicity. thype^-is-o-ton'ic.— hyper- 
ker-a-to'sls. i. Keratoconus or keratoglobus. 2. 
Hypertrophy of the stratum corneum*. — hyper- 
ki-ne'si a, hyper-ki-ne'sis = hypercinesia. —hy- 
per-lac-ta'tion = superlactation. — hyper-leu- 
co-cy-thae'mi a, extreme leucocythaemia.— hyper- 
leu-co-cy-to'sis, diminution in the number of 
leucocytes in the blood.— hyper-leu-con-tae'mi a, 
excess of albuminoids in the blood.— hyper-li- 
pae'mia, excessive lipsemia. — hyper-li-thu''ri a 
= LiTHURiA.— hy-per-lo'gi a, excessive loquacity. 

— hy-per-lym'phia, an increase in the amount of 



























HYPER- 


437 


HYPER- 


lymph. — hy-per-mas'ti a, hypertrophy of the 
mammary gland.— hyper-ma-ture' cataract, the 
final stage of progressive cataract, in which th<; 
lens substance breaks down, shrinking into a 
hard mass or becoming liquefied.— hyper-med-i- 
ca'tion, excessive use of medicines.— hyper-meg- 
®“Cra'ni ous, a term denoting a skull which has a 
capacity exceeding in the male 2280 Cc., and in 
the female i960 Cc.— hyper-me-ga'li a. i. Hy¬ 
pertrophy. 2. Pseudo hypertrophic muscular 
paralysis. — hyper-mes-a-ti-ce-phal'ic, having a 
cephalic index of from 78° to 79°.— hyper-me- 
tro'pia, farsightedness; the condition in which 
parallel rays are focussed behind the retina; hy- 



Hypermrtropia.— The rays of light in the hyperme¬ 
tropic eye would be brought to a focus beyond the 
fundus at c, but when corrected by the double convex 
lens (a) they are properly focussed at b. 

peropia. That part of the total hypermetropia 
which is constantly concealed by accommodative 
effort is known as Latent h., and that part of the 
total hypermetropia which is apparent but can 
be controlled by accommodation and corrected 
by convex glasses, as Manifest h., the two to¬ 
gether making up the Total h. Hypermetropia 
is termed Absolute h., when it cannot be over¬ 
come by accommodation, so that distinct vision 
even for distance is unattainable; Axial h., when 
due to shortness of the eye in an anteroposterior 
direction; Curvature h., when due to changes in 
the curvature of the refracting surfaces; Faculta¬ 
tive h.y when accommodation is possible, produc¬ 
ing distinct vision; Index h., when due to defi¬ 
ciency of refractive power in the media of the eye; 
and Relative h., when distinct vision can be at¬ 
tained only by extreme effort of accommodation, 
amounting to squint. an in¬ 

dividual affected with hypermetropia. hyper- 
me-trop'ic, as H. astigmatism, astigmatism: 
and H. disk, a hazy condition of the optic disk 
sometimes seen in hypermetropia.— hy-per-mne'- 
sis, -mne'sia, an abnormally acute or retentive 
memory.— hyper-mo-til'i-ty, excessive motility. 
— • hyper-my-o-to'ni a, excessive myotonia.— hy¬ 
per-my-ot'ro-phy, hypertrophy of muscular tis¬ 
sue.— hyper-neph-ro'ma, a tumor arising from 
adrenal rests: found especially in the kidney.— 
hy-per-ner'vi a, -neu'ri a, excessive nervous ex¬ 
citability.— hy-per-noi'a, excessive activity of the 
mind; morbid mental activity as a symptom of 
disease. — hy-per-nor'mal, beyond the normal.— 
hyper-nu-tri'tion, over=feedingand its evil effects. 
— iiyper-o-don-tog'e-ny, a third dentition.— hy- 
per-o'ic, pertaining to the roof of the mouth, 
or palate. — hyper-o-i'tis, inflammation of the 
palate. — hyper-o-nych'i a, hypertrophy of the 
nails. — hy-per-o'pi a = hypermetropia. fhy'- 
per-ope. hy-per-op'ic.— hv-per-op'si a. extremely 


acute vision.— hyper-o-rex'i a, abnormally keen 
appetite; morbidly strong appetite.— hyper-or- 
thog'na-thous, having a facial index of 91 or 
over.— hy-per-os'mi a, an over^acute sense of 
smell.— hyper-os-phre'sis = hyperosmia. — hy- 
per-os-to sis, exostosis or hypertrophy of bone. 

— hy-per-par'a-site, a parasite of a parasite.— hy- 
per-pep'sia, dyspepsia with hyperchlorhydria. 

— hy-per-pha'gi a, overheating.— hyper-pha-lan'- 
gi a, excessive length of the phalanges.— hy-per- 
pha'si a = hyperlogia. — hy-per-pho'ni a, over= 
phonation.— liy-per-pho'ri a, tendency of one 
visual axis upward and above the other. — hy- 
per-phra'si a, exaggerated language of the insane. 

— hyper-phy-sae'mi a, an excess of gaseous ele¬ 

ments of the blood.— hyper-pi'e-sis, excessively 
high pressure, as of the blood.— hyper-pig-men- 
ta'tion, excessive deposit of pigment.— hy-per- 
pla'sia, the increase of the number of the indi¬ 
vidual structural elements of a tissue, fhy-per- 
plas'tic. — hy-per-plas'ma, an excess of fibrin in 
the blood.— hy-per-pnoe'a, moderate acceleration 
of the respiration.— hyper-po-ro'sis, excess in 
the growth or production of callus.— hy-per- 
prax'ia, excessive restlessness, as in certain forms 
of mania.— hyper-psel-a-phe'si a, abnormal 
acuteness of tactile sensitivity.— hyper-py-rex'i a, 
abnormally high fever, especially when over 42° 
C. (107° F.). fhyper-py-ret'ic, hyper-py-rex'ial, 
as H. insolation, insolation. — hy-per-res'o- 

nance, extreme resonance; tympanitic resonance. 

— hyper-rhi-nen-ce-phaTi a, excessive develop¬ 
ment of the olfactory bulbs, causing bulging in the 
frontal region.— hyper-sar-co'ma, proud flesh; ex¬ 
cessive granulation.— hyper-sar-co'sis. i. Proud 
flesh. 2. Hypertrophy of muscles. 3. Obesity.— 
hyper-se-cre'tion, excessive secretion ; hypercrinia 
(etymologcially the more correctly formed term). 
— hy-per-sen'si-tive, excessively susceptible to irri¬ 
tation ; anaphylactic, thyper-sen-si-ti-za'tion 
= ANAPHYLAXIS. — hy-per-som'ni a, pathological 
sleep.— hyper-ste-a-to'sis, excess in the secretion 
of sebaceous matter; seborrhoea.— hy-per-sthe'- 
ni a = HYPERDYNAMIA.— hy-pcr-sthcn'ic, relating 
to or causing oversexcitement; stimulating.— hy- 
per-sus-cep-ti-bil'i-ty = anaphylaxis. — hy-per- 
sys'to-le, an abnormally strong systole.— hy-per- 
ten'sion, excessive tension.— hy-per-the'li a, a 
congenital increase in the number of-mammary 
glands.— hyper-ther-mal-ge'si a, hyper-ther-mo- 
3 BS-the'sia, abnormal sensitiveness to heat.— hy- 
per-ther'mi a, hyperpyrexia; excessive heat.— hy- 
per-thym'i a, ferocity or recklessness as a symp¬ 
tom of mental disease. — hy-per-thy're a, the 
morbid condition due to increased functional 
activity of the thyroid gland, Exophthalmic 
GOITRE ; HYPOTHYROSis. — hyper-thy-rol-da'tlon, 
the condition in which there is an abnormall)' 
large amount of thyroid substance in the organ- 
isrn.— hy-per-to'ni a, hyper-to-nic'i-ty, excessive 
muscular tonicity, thy-per-ton'ic. — hyper-tox- 
ic'i-ty, excessive toxicity. — hyper-tri-chi'a-sis, 
-tri-cho'sis, excessive hairiness, or a disease char¬ 
acterized by it; trichauxis; polytrichia.— hy-per'- 
tro-phy, enlargement of a part or an organ, espe¬ 
cially when due to ovemutrition. Hypertrophy 
is known as Compensatory h., when of an organ or 
a part to compensate for extra work thrown upon 
it; Concentric h., when of an organ with simul¬ 
taneous contraction of its cavity; Eccentric h., 
when of the walls of an organ with simultaneous 
dilatation of its cavity; False h., when there is 












HYPESTHESIA 


438 


HYPO- 


fibrous thickening of the wall of the heart; Func¬ 
tional h., when caused by the increased activity of 
the organ or part; Idiopathic h., when not due to 
structural disease of the part; Muscular h., when 
marked by increase in volume and consistency 
of the muscles; Numerical h., when it consists 
in an actual increase in the component ele¬ 
ments of a part; Physiological h., when due to 
active use of a part; and Simple h., when it is 
(i) hypertrophy of the walls of an organ, the 
size of the cavity remaining th§ same, or (2) en¬ 
largement of a part without increase in the num¬ 
ber of structural elements: opposed to numerical 
hypertrophy, fhy-per-troph'ic, as H. catarrhal 
inflammation, 1®-catarrhal inflammation: H. 
cirrhosis, cirrhosis with enlarged liver instead of 
the characteristic atrophy: H. pneumic osteitis or 
pulmonary osteo»arthropathy, hypertrophic pul¬ 
monary osteosarthropathy: and H. rhinitis, 
chronic catarrhal rhinitis with hypertrophy of 
the mucous and submucous tissues, hy-per'tro- 
phied, as H. cicatrix, an abnormally thickened 
and hypertrophied scar. c^Cheloid. — hy-per- 
tro'pia, deviation of one visual axis above the 
other.— hyper-u-rae'mia, abnormal amount of 
urea in the blood.— hyper-u-re'sis = polyuria. 
— hyper-u-ri-cae'mi a, abnormal amount of uric 
acid in the blood.— hyper-ven-ti-la'tion, thera- 
peusis by means of currents of air.— hyper-vis- 
cos'i-ty, excess of adhesive qualities: a condition 
of the erythrocytes noted in certain inflammatory 
diseases, the anaemias, and under the influence of 
certain poisons, especially snake^venoms. 
hy-pes-the'sia. = Hyp^sthesia. 
hy'pha, pi. -phce. One of the threads or filaments 
which compose the mycelium of a fungus, 
hy-phaem-a-to'sis. A morbid state, resembling anae¬ 
mia and due to lack of capacity for respiration, 
hy-phae'mi a, hy-phe'mi a. i. Anaemia. 2. An ex¬ 
travasation of blood, especially within the eye. 
hy-phe-do'ni a. A diminution of pleasure in per¬ 
forming agreeable acts. 

hyp-hi-dro'sis. A deficiency in the perspiration, 
hy-phol'o-gy. = Histology. [ < web.] 
Hypho-my-ce'tes. Fungi with filaments and myce- 
lia, but no sexual spores; mould fungi. [< epy 
web + pvnrji^ fungus ] thypho-my-cet'ic. 
hy-phot'o-my. Dissection of tissues. [<t'pr/web.] 
hyp-hy-drae'mi a. Slight h3'draemia. 
hyp-i-con'chous. Having an orbital index of more 
than 85°. 

hyp-i-no'sis. Decreased amount of fibrin in the 
blood, thyp-i-not'ic. 

hyp-nac'e-tin. An antiseptic and hypnotic. Dose, 
0.2 to 0.25 Gm. (3 to 4 grs.). 
hyp-na-gog'ic. Causing sleep. 

hyp'nal. A combination of hydrated chloral and 
antipyrine; monochlorabantipyrine: analgesic 
and hypnotic. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
hyp-nal'gi a. Pain occurring during sleep, 
hyp-nep'a-gogue. An hypnotic, 
hyp'ni-a-ter. A clairvoyant, 
hyp'nic. Pertaining to or causing sleep, 
hyp'no-. Relating to sleep: a combining form. 
[ < iiTTVog sleep.] hyp'no-bate, a somnambulist 
or sleep*walker.— hyp-no-ba'ti a, hyp-nob'a-sis, 
sleep ==walking, or somnambulism.— hyp-no-ge- 
net'ic, -gen'ic, hyp-nog'e-nous, producing sleep or 
hypnotism, as H. spots, certain areas of the skin 
stimulation of which produces sleep.— hyp-nog'- 
ra-phy = hypnology. — hyp'no-lep-sy, abnormal 
sleepiness.— byp-nol'o-gy, the doctrine or science 


of sleep — hyp'none = acetophenone. — hyp- 
nop'athy. i. Pathological sleep. 2. Hypnolepsy. 
— hyp-no-pho'bi a, a morbid fear of going to 
sleep; nightmare.— hyp-no-pom'pic, persisting 
after sleep, as of some very vivid dreams.— hyp- 
no-py'rine, a crystalline analgesic, hypnotic, and 
antipyretic.— hyp-no'sis. i. The production or 
induction of sleep. 2. = Hypnotism, fhyp'noid; 
hyp-noi'dal. 

hyp-no-tber'a-py. The therapeutic employment of 
hypnotism. f^yP'no-ther-a-peu'ti-cal. 
byp-not'ic. i. Inducing sleep or hypnotism. 2. 
An agent having hypnotic effects. Indirect h., 
an hypnotic inducing sleep by removing condi¬ 
tions preventing it. H. sleep, hypnotism. H. 
state, hypnotism. H. suggestion, suggestion 
made to a person in the hypnotic state, inducing 
him to perform certain actions under the influence 
of that suggestion. [< vrrvoc sleep.] 
hyp'no-tism. A condition in which there is more 
or less complete abolition of sensation, will* 
power, and self*consciousness induced by the 
fixing of the eyes upon an object so close that 
strong convergence of their axes is maintained, 
or by the close observance of some action per¬ 
formed by the hypnotizer, or voluntarily; braid- 
ism. There are three stages: the lethargic, cata¬ 
leptic, and somnambulistic. [< sleep.] 

thyp*no-ti-za'tion, the producing of hypnotism, 
byp'no-tize, to put into a state of hypnotism, 
byp'no-ti-zer, a person who induces h^’^pnotism in 
another, hyp'no-toid, resembling hypnotism, 
by'po. A colloquial term for hypochondriasis. 
by'po-. I. Denoting under or beneath, as opposed 
to EPI-: sometimes signifying in or behind and 
often implying diminution or deficiency: a com¬ 
bining form. 2. In chemistry, it denotes that 
the element to the name of which it is joined 
enters in a low valence, or in a low state of 
oxidation, usually the lowest, into the com¬ 
pounds indicated. [< v ~6 under.] byposa- 
cid'i-ty = HYPACiDiTY. — bypo=al-bu-mi-no'sis, 
deficiency of albuminoids in the blood.— hypos 
al-o-nae'mia, a deficiency of blood salts.— hypos 
a-zo-tu'ria, a diminished excretion of urea in 
the urine.— hy'po-blast, the most internal of the 
layers of the primitive embryo; endoderm; ento¬ 
derm. From it is developed the epithelium of 
the alimentary canal from the pharynx to the 
anus, and of the organs connected therewith, as 
well as that of the air*passages. f^y-po-hlas'- 
tic, as H. tumors, tumors of a tissue derived from 
the hypoblast.— hy-po-bleph'a-ron. i. A swell¬ 
ing below the eyelid. 2. An artificial eye.— hy- 
po-bran'chial segment, stylohyoid arch. — 
hy-po-bro'mite, a salt of hypobromous acid. H. 
method, a volumetric method of estimating urea 
by decomposing it into carbon dioxide, water, 
and nitrogen by sodium hypobromite.— hy-po- 
bu'li a, abnormal or pathological weakness of the 
wilbpower.— hy-po-car'di a, downward displace¬ 
ment of the heart. — hy-po-cat'a-lep-sy, a mild 
degree of catalepsy. — hypo-ca-thar'sis, slight 
purgation. — hypo-chlor-hy'dri a, a deficiency of 
hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice.— hy-po- 
chlo'rite, a salt of hypochlorous acid yielding 
chlorine readily.— hypo-chlor-i-za'tion = salt* 
STARVATION. — hy-po-chlo'rous acid, an acid, 
HCIO, known from its aqueous solution, which 
is a powerful bleaching agent.— hypo-cho-les- 
te-rae'mia, diminished amount of cholesterin in 
the blood. — hy-po-chon'dri a. i. The plural of 


HYPO- 


439 


HYPO- 


HYPOCHONDRiUM. 2. Hypochondriasis.— hy-po- 
chon'driac, -drial. i. Relating to the hypo- 
chondrium, as H. region, abdomen: and H. 
reflex, sudden indrawing of breath produced by 
quick pressure below the inferior border of 
the ribs. 2. One affected with hypochondriasis. 

— hypo-chon-dri'a-sis, hypo-chon-dri'a-cism, a 

form of mental disease in which there is undue 
or unnecessary anxiety concerning the health, 
and often simulation of disease; pathophobia, 
thypo-chon-dri'a-cal. — hy-po-chon'dri um, the 
hypochondriac region. Abdomen. hypo- 

chro-ma-tae'mi a, diminution of haemoglobin.— 
hypo-chro-mat'ic, lacking in color, as H. cells, 
cells in which the number of chromosomes is 
below the average for cells of that particular 
tissue.— hy-po-chro'ma-tism, deficiency of chro¬ 
matin in a celUnucleus.— hypo-chro-ma-to'sis, 
the pathological diminution of the chromatin in 
a celhnucleus.— hy-po-chro'mi a, hy-po-chro'sis, 
abnormal lack of color.— hy-po-chy'lia, defi¬ 
ciency of chyle.— hy-po-chy'ma = cataract. — 
hypo-cyr-to'sis, slight curvature.— hypo-cys-te- 
ot'o-my, hypo-cys-tot'o-my, 'perineal cystotomy. 

— hypo-cy-to'sis, diminution in the number of 

blood*corpuscles.— hy'po-derm. i. The subcu¬ 
taneous tissue. 2. A hypodermic injection. 3. 
A tablet for hypodermic injection.— hypo-der- 
mat'o-my, subcutaneous surgical cutting of any 
part.— hy-po-der'mic, hypo-der-mat'ic. i. Con¬ 
nected with the application of medicines under 
the skin; subcutaneous. 2. A medicine intro¬ 
duced under the skin. H. implantation, im¬ 
plantation, def. 3. H. injection, the injection 
beneath the skin of drugs or nutrient solutions. 
H. medicine, a medicine used especially for sub¬ 
cutaneous injection or treatment making a fea¬ 
ture of this. H. needle, the hollow needle form¬ 
ing the nozzle of a hypodermic syringe. H. 
syringe, a small syringe with a hollow needle for 
injecting fluids under the skin. H. tablet, a tablet 
for extemporizing a hypodermic, def. 2.— hypo- 
der-moc'ly-sis, hypo-der-ma-toc'ly-sis, the hypo¬ 
dermic injection of saline fluids to replace those 
lost by purging or hemorrhage, fhy-po-der'mo- 
clysm. — hy-po-di-crot'ic, hy-po-dic'ro-tous, mod¬ 
erately dicrotic: said of the pulse.— hy-po-dip'si a, 
insufficient drinking of fluids.— hypo-dy-nam'ic, 
characterized by defective force or power.— hy-po- 
dyn'i a, slight or trifling pain.— hypo=e-o-sin-o- 
phil'ia, decrease of the eosinophiles in the blood: 
believed by Simon to be associated with an in¬ 
crease of the polynuclear neutrophilic elements 
and to be a “ most subtle means of diagnosing 
certain bacterial infections.” J. A. M. A. 

jj >06.] — hyposes-o-pho'ria, tendency of the 
visual axis of one eye to deviate downward and 
inward. — hyposex-o-pho'ri a, tendency of the 
visual axis of one eye to deviate downward 
and outward.— hy-po-gaeflc acid, a crystalliza- 
ble compound, C ,.H3j02t found as a glyceride in 
the fruit of the peanut, Ar'achis hypogce'a. — 
hypo-gas-tral'gia, pain in the hypogastrium.— 
hy-po-gas'tric, belonging to or situated within 
the hypogastrium, as H. arteries = vmbilical 
arteries: H. ganglion, the ganglion of the cervix 
uteri: H. hernia, a hernia below the umbilicus: 
H. lithotomy, fs- lithotomy: H. nerve, a branch of 
the iliohypogastric distributed to the skin about 
the pubes: H. plexus, a nerve plexus originating 
from the abdominal aortic plexus and receiving 
branches from the lumbar and sacral ganglia, 


plexus hypogastricus*: Inferior h. plexus =pel'V ic 
plexus: H. region, n®" abdomen: and H. win, the 
internal iliac vein.— hypo-gas-tri-ot'o-my, inci¬ 
sion in laparotomy through the hypogastrium.— 
hy-po-gas'tri um, the hypogastric region, t®- Ab¬ 
domen. — hy-po-gas'tro-cele, hernia in the hypo¬ 
gastric region.— hypo-gas-tro-did'y-mus, twins 
joined at their hypogastria.— hypo-gas-tro-hae'- 
mia, hemorrhage in the hypogastrium.— hy-po- 
geu'si a, a deficiency in the sense of taste.— 'hypo- 
glo-bu'li a, a reduced proportion of red bloodscor- 
puscles; oligocythaimia.— hy-po-glos'sal, situated 
beneath the tongue, as H. membrane, a strong 
fibrous membrane extending from beneath the 
base of the tongue to the body of the hyoid bone: 
H. nerve, the twelfth (ninth of Willis) cranial 
nerve, which arises superficially by ten to fifteen 
branches from the groove separating the olivary 
body and the pyramid and emerges from the 
skull by the anterior condyloid foramen and is 
distributed to the muscles of the tongue; nervus 
hypoglossus*: and H. nucleus = nucleus 

NERVI hypoglossi*. —hypo-glos‘si-ad-e-ni'tis, 
inflammation of the sublingual gland.— hy-po- 
glos'sis. I. Hypoglottis. 2. = Ranula.— 
hypo-glos-si'tis, inflammation below the tongue. 

— hy-po-glos'sus = HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE. — hy- 
po-glot'tis, the inferior part of the tongue ad¬ 
hering to the lower jaw.— hypo-gly-cae'mi a, defi¬ 
ciency of sugar in the blood.— hy-pog'na-thus, 
a monstrosity in which a rudimentary head is 
attached to the lower jaw.— hypo-haem-a-to'- 
sis, the condition characterized by hyphaemia. 

— hy-po-hae'mia = HYPHvEM^A. — hypo-haem-o- 
glo-bi-nae'mi a = oligochro'm.-emia. —hypo-hi- 
dro'sis = HYPHiDRosis. — hy-po-hy'al cartilage, 
the cartilaginous rudiment of the basihyal bone. 

— hypo-hy-drae'mia = hyphydr^emia. — hypo- 
hyp-no'sis, light or disturbed sleep.— hyposin-o- 
sae'mia, decreased tendency to the formation of 
fibrin. — hypo-ki-ne'si a, hypo-ki-ne'sis, de¬ 
ficiency of reaction to a stimulus, as of a muscle. 

— hy-po-leu’co-cy-to'sis, hy-po-leu'co-cy-thae'- 
mia, hypo-leu-kae'mi a, a condition with a low 
leucocyte count.— hypo-leu-con-tae'mi a, defi¬ 
ciency of albumin in the blood.— hypo-li-pae'- 
mi a, deficiency of fat in the blood.— hy-po-li-po'- 
sis, deficiency of liposin in the blood=serum.— hy- 
po-ma'ni a, a moderate degree of insanity.— hy- 
po-mas'tia, -ma'zia, abnormal smallness of the 
mammary glands.— hypo-mel-an-choTi a, rea¬ 
soning melancholia. — hy'po-mere, one of the 
segments forming part of the wall of the pleuro¬ 
peritoneal cavity of the embryo.— hypo-me- 
tro'pi a = MYOPIA . — hy-po-mne'si a, decrease in 
the retentive power of the memory. thy-po- 
mne'sic. — hypo-mo-til'i-ty, deficiency of move¬ 
ment in a part.— hypo-my-as-the'ni a, deficient 
muscular strength.— hypo-my-o-to'ni a, deficient 
muscular tone. — hy-po-ner'vi a, -neu'ria, mor¬ 
bidly slight or diminished nervous power.— hy- 
po-ni'trite, a salt of hyponitrous acid.— hy-po- 
ni'trous acid, an acid, HNO. — hy-pon'o-mous, 
undermining or suppurating beneath the sur¬ 
face. — hyp-on'y-chon, effusion of blood under 
a nail.— hypo-par’a-thy-re-o'sis, absence or defi¬ 
ciency of parathyroid glands. — hy-po-pep'si a, 
dyspepsia due to functional inactivity of the 
stomach.— hypo-pha-lan'gi a=BRACHYDACTYLiA. 

— hypo-pha-ryn'ge al, situated under the phar¬ 
ynx. — hy-po-pho'ri a, deviation downward of 
one visual axis.— hy-po-phos'phite, any salt of 


HYPO- 


440 


HYSTERIA 


hypophosphorous acid, PH(OH)2, used largely in 
medicine. — hy-po-phos'pho-rous acid, an acid, 

H3PO2; ACIDUM HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM*.-hy-pO- 

phra'sia, disinclination to speak, or loss of the 
power of speech.— hy-po-phren'ic = subphrenic. 

— hypo-phy-sae'mi a, lack of gaseous elements 
in the blood.— hy-poph'y-sin, an organothera- 
peutic pituitary preparation used in acromegalia. 

— hy-poph'y-sis* = pituitary body. thy-po- 
phys'ial. — hypo-pic-ro-tox'ic acid, an acid found 
in the shell of the seeds of Anamir'ia panicula'ta. 

— hy-po'pi-on = hypopyon.— hy-po-pla'si a, ab¬ 
normal smallness of an organ.— thy“PO-plas'tic. 

— hy-po-prax'ia, listlessness; inefficiency.— hy- 
po-psel-a-phe'si a, deficient tactile sensibility, as 
in hysteria.— hy-po-pty'a-lism, slight ptyalism. 

— hy-po'py-on, -py-um, an accumulation of pus 
in the anterior chamber of the eye. H. keratitis, 
ulceration of the cornea associated with iritis and 
hypopyon.— hypo-que-bra'chine, an alkaloid, Cj,- 
H2SN2O2, found in white quebracho bark.— hy¬ 
po- san^to-nin, a crystalline compound, CjsHjgOj, 
formed by treating santonin*phenylhydrazide 
with sodium amalgam.— hy-po-skel'e-tal, devel¬ 
oped beneath the endoskeleton: said of muscles, 
etc.— hy-pos'mia, deficiency or partial lack of 
the sense of smell.— hy-po-spa'di as, -spa'di a. i . 
A condition in the male in which the urethra 
terminates in an opening at some point posterior 
to the normal position of the meatus. It is dis¬ 
tinguished as to its position as Glandular, Pe¬ 
nile, Perineal, and Scrotal, Epispadias. 2. In 
woman, the condition in which the urethra opens 
into the vagina, fhy-po-spa'di ac. i. Relating 
to hypospadias. 2. A person affected with hypo¬ 
spadias. hypo-spa-di'a-sis, the state of hypo¬ 
spadias.— hy-pos'ta-sis. i. A sediment from a 
fluid, especially from the urine. 2. Passive ve¬ 
nous congestion in a dependent or relaxed por¬ 
tion of the body. fhy-po-stat'ic, as H . abscess 
= WANDERiNG ABSCESS: H . Congestion, con¬ 
gestion: and H. pneumonia, pneumonia after 
illness from hypostasis of blood to the most de¬ 
pendent portions of the lungs.— hy-po-sthe'ni a, 
a state of weakness, or a reduction of strength, 
thy-po-sthen'ic. — hypo-sthe-nu'ri a, inability of 
the kidney to eliminate urine: usually due to its 
concentration.— hy-po-styp'tic, mildly styptic.— 
hy-po-sul'phite, a combination of hyposulphurous 
acid, H2SO2, with a base.— hypo-sul-phu'ric acid 
= DiTHioNic ACID.— hy-po-sul'phu-rous acid = 
THiosuLPHURic ACID.— hypo-sys-to'li a, weak 
cardiac systole.— hy-po-ten'sion, diminished ten¬ 
sion.— hy-po-thal'a-mus*= subthalamus. thy- 
po-tha-lam'ic, as H. nucleus =svBrnAhA.MUS .— 
hy-poth'e-nar*, the prominence on the palm at 
the bases of the fingers, or along the ulnar mar¬ 
gin of the palm. Antithenar EMINENCE. H. 
fascia, the inner division of the palmar fascia in¬ 
vesting the short palmar muscles peculiar to the 
little finger. H. reflex, a reflex produced by pres¬ 
sure on the pisiform bone.— hy-po-ther'mi a, 
hy'po-ther-my, subnormal temperature, t^y-po- 
ther'mal, -mic. — hy-po-thy'roi-dism, deficient 
functional activity of the thyroid gland.— hy-po- 
thy-ro'sis, decreased functional activity of the 
thyroid gland. cy Hyperthyrea; myxcedema. 

— hy-po-to'ni a, hy-pot'o-nus, diminished tone or 
tension, especially intra^ocular tension. thy“PO~ 
ton^ic. — hypo-tox-ic'i-ty, diminished toxic quali¬ 
ties. — hypo-tri-cho'sis, congenital lack or defi¬ 
ciency of hair.— hy-pot'ro-phy, deficient nourish¬ 


ment.— hyposu-rae'mi a, a small blood*content 
of urea.— hyposu-ri-cae'mi a, a small bloodscon- 
tent of uric acid.— hyposu-ro-crin'i a, subnormal 
secretion of urine.— hypo-ve-nos'i-ty, pathologi¬ 
cal diminution of the size and number of the 
blood-vessels.— hy-po-xae'mi a, venous quality, or 
defective aeration, of the blood.— hy-po-xan'- 
thine, sarcine or sarkine, a leucomaine, C5H4N4O, 


Hypoxanthine Nitrate. 

in nearly all animal tissues and fluids, and many 
vegetable tissues. 

hyp-si-ceph'a-ly. The condition in which the cra¬ 
nial index of a skull is above 75.1°. [<.v'ipc on 
high - 1 - Keipali] head.] t^yP'si-ce-phal'ic. 
hyp-si-cra'ni us. Having the ratio of the greatest 
length of a skull to its greatest breadth between 
82.5° and 90.4°. [< v-ifji on high -f- Kpav'iov skull.] 
hyp'si-loid. = Hyoid. [< p u -f- el 6 oq form.] 
hyp*sis-ten-o-ce-phal'ic. Having a high, curved 
vertex, prominent cheek-bones, and prognathic 
jaws. [< viptarog highest -f Kc^a'kr] head.] 
hyp-son'o-sus. == Mountain sickness. 
hyp-so-pho'bi a. Morbid dread of going aloft, 
hyp-so-pis'thi us. Having the angle between the 
radius fixus and a line uniting the hormion and 
the lambda between 33.5° and 41®. 
hyp-sos*te-no-ceph'a-ly. Hypsicephaly and steno- 
cephaly occurring together, 
hy-pur'gi a, hy-pur-ge'sis. A collective term for all 
matters relating to the care of the sick, 
hy-ra'ceum. The dried excrement of the Hy'rax 
capen'sis, the South African cony. It has been 
used as a substitute for castoreum. 
hyr'gol, hyr'go-lum. A dark, almost black mass 
or powder; colloidal mercury: used in constitu¬ 
tional syphilis. Dose, o 2 to 1.3 Cc. ( 3 to 20 mins.) 
of a 1% aqueous solution, 
hys'sop. The leaves and top of Hysso’pus officina'- 
lis, an aroipatic labiate herb, 
hys'te-ra. The womb; also vulva, or secundines. 
hys-te-ral'gy, -gia. Uterine pain, fhys-te-ral'gic. 
hys-te-ian'e-sis. A lax condition of the uterus, 
hys'te-ra-tre'si a. Atresia of the os uteri. 
hys"te-raux-e'sis. Enlargement of the uterus, 
hys'te-rec-tom'o-pex-y. Fixation of the body of 
the uterus after excision of part of the organ, 
hys-te-rec'to-my. Operative removal of the uterus. 

It may be supravaginal or vaginal. 
hys*te-rel-co'sis. Ulceration of the womb. 
hys‘te-rem-phy-se'ma. Gas within the uterus, 
hys-te-reu-ryn'ter. = Metreurynter, 
hys-te'ria. A functional disease oftenest observed 
in young unmarried women, in which there may 
be simulation of almost any disease and a great 
lack of self-control. Babinski proposes the term 
“pithiatism” for hysteria and defines it as "a 
condition of the body which renders the subject 
thereof capable of autosuggestion. It manifests 
itself principally by phenomena capable of being 
reproduced with rigorous exactitude by sugges¬ 
tion in certain subjects and of being made to 
disappear under the exclusive influence of persua¬ 
sion; and also by strictly subordinated troubles.” 






HYSTERICAL 


441 


HYSTRICIASIS 


{Quinzaine ihirapeutique, April lo, 1906). H. 
ma'jor = hysterosepilepsy. H. mi'nor, hys¬ 
teria with mild convulsive symptoms, but with¬ 
out loss of consciousness. [< varip'a womb.] 
hys-ter'i-cal, hys-ter'ic. Belonging to hysteria. H. 
amaurosis, amaurosis. H. ataxia = Bri¬ 
quet’s ATAXIA. H. bolus = GLOBUS HYSTERICUS. 
H. breast, a menstrual affection simulating preg¬ 
nancy. H. chorea, a disease with choreic move¬ 
ments, but probably a form of hysteria; also 
called chorea major, from its severity. H. con¬ 
traction, a temporary symptom of hysteria, which 
may develop into club-foot. H. fever, fever 
frequently occurring along with hysteria. H. 
gait, a peculiar shuffling gait, seen in hysteri¬ 
cal paralysis. H. insanity, mental derangement 
marked by sudden and uncontrollable changes 
of emotion. H. knee, a painful condition of the 
knee*joint on motion, sometimes seen in hysteria. 
H. mania, a maniacal outburst in hysteria, often 
with erotic manifestations. H. neuralgia, neural¬ 
gia due to hysterical temperament. H. paralysis, a 
pseudo*paralysis in hysteria. H. pregnancy, ap¬ 
parent symptoms of pregnancy in hysteria. H. 
stigmata, the peculiar symptoms of hysteria. H. 
temperature, a temperature rising to 42° to 43° C. 
(108° to 110° F.) without dangerous sequence, 
sometimes seen in thermal ataxia; paradoxical 
temperature. The very high temperatures some¬ 
times recorded are usually due to fraud or 
to erroneous observation. H. trance, entrance. 
hys-ter'i-cism. An hysterical habit or tendency. 
hys-ter*i-co-neu-ral'gic. Resembling neuralgia, but 
caused by hysteria. 

hys-ter'ics. An emotional hysterical attack. 
hys*te-ri-en-ceph-a-li'tis. Encephalitis due to re¬ 
peated attacks of hysteria, 
hys-ter'i-form. Resembling or simulating hysteria, 
hys-te-ri'tis. = Metritis. 

hys'te-ro-. Relating to the uterus or womb; metra- ; 
sometimes to hysteri.a: a combining form. [< 
voTEpa womb.] hys'te-ro-bu-bon'o-cele, an in¬ 
guinal hysterocele.— hys'te-ro-car-ci-no'ma, can¬ 
cer of the uterus.— hys'te-ro-cat'a-lep-sy, hys¬ 
teria with cataleptic phenomena. — hys'te-ro- 
cau'to-my, excision of the cervix uteri with a 
thermocautery.— hys'te-ro-cele, hernia contain¬ 
ing the uterus or a portion of it.— hyg*te-ro-clei'- 
sis, surgical closure of the os uteri for vesico* 
uterine fistula. — hys-te-ro-col'ic, uterine colic.— 
hys*te-ro-cy-e'sis, uterine pregnancy. — hys‘te-ro- 
cys'tic retention, retention of urine caused by 
pressure of a gravid uterus upon the bladder. 

— hys'te-ro-cys'to-cele, a hernia involving the 
uterus and the bladder. — hys*te-ro-cys-to-clei'sis, 
an operation for the cure of vesico*uterovaginal 
fistula or for uretero*uterine fistula, made by 
turning the neck of the uterus into the bladder 
and suturing it. — hys’te-ro-cys'to-pex-y = ven- 
TROVESicoFixATioN. —'hysffe-ro-de-mo-nop'a-thy, 
hysteria or hystero*epilepsy in which the patient 
believes herself possessed of a devil. — hys'te- 
ro-dyn'ia = hysteralgy. — hys'te-rosep'i-lep-sy, 
hysteria with epileptoid seizures. fhys’te-ros 
ep-i-lep-tog'e-nous, causing hystero*epilepsy. — 
hys’te-rose-rot'ic, both hysterical and erotic. 

— hys*te-ro-gas-trorTha-phy, suture of the fun¬ 
dus of the uterus to the abdominal wall. — hys*- 
te-ro-gen'ic, hys-te-rog'e-nous, causing hysterical 
phenomena, as H. zones, areas in the bodies of 
hysterical patients, pressure on which causes or 
abates symptoms of hysteria. — hys'te-roid, hys- 


te-roi'dal, resembling hysteria, as H, convulsions 
= HYSTERo* EPILEPSY. — hys'te-ro-lap-a-rot'o-my, 
hysterectomy by laparotomy.— hys'te-ro-lith, 
uterine calculus. thys‘te-ro-li-thi'a-sis. — hys-te- 
rol'o-gy, the science of the uterus.— hys'te-ro- 
lox'i a, oblique displacement of the womb,— 
hys-te-rol'y-sis, loosening of the attachments of 
the uterus.— hys-te-ro'ma, a fibrous tumor of 
the uterus.— hys*te-ro-ma-la'cia, abnormal soft¬ 
ness of the uterus.— hys‘te-ro-mal-a-co'ma, soft¬ 
ening of the uterus.— hys’te-ro-ma'nia = nym¬ 
phomania. — hys‘te-rom'e-ter, an instrument for 
measuring the uterus, fhys-te-rom'e-try. — hys’- 
te-ro-my-o'ma, myoma of the uterus, fhys'te- 
ro-my-om'a-tous. hys"te-ro-my-o-mec'to-my.— 
hys'te-ro-my-o-mot'o-my, incision of a uterine 
myoma.— hys'te-ro-my-ot'o-my, surgical incis¬ 
ion into the uterus.— hys-te-ron'chus, a uterine 
tumor.— hys‘te-ro-neu-ras-the'ni a, neurasthenia 
due to uterine disease.— hys‘te-ro-neu-ro'sis, a 
neurosis due to uterine irritation.— hys'te-ros 
o’dph-o-rec'to-my, so'va-ri-ecffo-my, removal of 
the uterus and the ovaries.— hys'te-ro-pa-ral'y- 
sis, paralysis of the womb.— hys-te-rop'a-thy. 
I. Hysteria; a disease of the uterus or one de¬ 
pendent upon it. 2. [< varepog later -f Tzddoq 
disease.] A disease secondary to another; deu- 
teropathy. fhys'te-ro-path'ic. — hys'te-ro-pex-y, 

hys'te-ro-pex'ia, fixation of the uterus, as False 
h., morbid fixation of the body of the uterus: 
and Vaginal h. — colpohysterectomy. — hys'- 
te-ro-phore, a uterine supporter or pessary, espe¬ 
cially a stemspessary.— hys-te-ro'pia, hysterical 
disorder of the vision.— hys-te-rop'nix = globus 
HYSTERICUS. — hys‘te-ro-pol'y-pus, polypus of 
the uterus.— hys-te-rop'so-phy, the sound caused 
by the escape of air or gas from the uterus.— 
hys*te-ro-psy-chop'a-thy, -psy-cho'sis, mental de¬ 
rangement from uterine disease.— hys*te-rop-to'- 
sis, prolapsus uteri.— hysffe-ror-rha'gi a = me¬ 
trorrhagia. — hys-te-rorTha-phy. i. Sewing up 
of a lacerated uterus. 2. = Hysteropexy. — 
hys'te-ror-rhex'is, rupture of the uterus.— hysffe- 
ror-rh oe'a = METRORRHCEA. — hy s ffe-ro-sal-p in • gos 
o*dph-o-rec'to-my, excision of the uterus, ovi¬ 
ducts, and ovaries.—■ hys*te-ro-sal-pin-gos'to-my, 
an anastomosis between the uterus and fallopian 
tube after excision of their junction.— hys’te-ro- 
sal'pinx, an oviduct.— hys'te-ro-scope, a uterine 
speculum provided with a reflector, fhys-te- 
ros'eo-py. — bys'te-ro-spasm. i. Spasm of the 
uterus or womb. 2. Hysterical spasm.— hys’te- 
ro-sto'ma-tome, an instrument used in hystero- 
stomatomy. — hys'te-ro-sto-mat'o-my, surgical 
incision of the os uteri. — hys*te-ro-syph'i-lis, 
hysterical neurosis of a syphilitic nature.— hys’- 
te-ro-ta'be-tism, combined hysteria and tabes.— 
hys'te-ro-to-kot'o-my, -to-mo-to'ci a = cesa¬ 
rean OPERATION. — hys'te-ro-tome, an instrument 
for dividing the neck of the uterus.— hys-te- 
rot'o-my, incision into or dissection of the uterus; 
caesarean section.— hysffe-ro-tra-che-lor'rha-phy, 
an operation for lacerated cervix.— hys*te-ro- 
tra-che-lot'o-my, incision of the cervix uteri.— 
hys'te-ro-trau'ma-tism, hysteria from traumatism. 
hys"te-ro-tris'mus, violent uterine contractions, 
hys-tri-ci'a-sis, hys-tri'a-sis. A rare disease of the 
hairs, in which they stand erect like the spines 
or prickles of a hedgehog; hystricism. [< vorpi^ 
hedgehog.] fhys'tri-cism, hys-tri-cis'mus. i. 
Hystriciasis. 2. Ichthyosis hystrix. hys'trix = 

ICHTHYOSIS HYSTRIX. 


IsPARA 


442 


ICHTHYISMUS 


I 


Ispara, Ilspara, Illspara, etc. =Primipara, sec¬ 
undipara, TERTIPARA, etC. 

1 . I. The symbol for iodine. 2. Abbr. for (i) 
intensity of magnetism, (2) optically inactive, 
i. A numeral denoting one: used in the writing of 
prescriptions. t^AA;j. 

I.C.S. Abbr. for intercostal space. 

I.K. = Immune bodies. 

I.K.I. A colloquial name for the soluble compound 
of iodine produced by the addition of potassium 
iodide, or for its solution: used to sterilize cat¬ 
gut, and when a strong aqueous iodine solution 
is required, or diluted, as a mouthswash. 
i-a-ma-tol'o-gy. That branch of therapeutics which 
treats of medicines. [< ta//a remedy -h -logy.] 
i-a'sis. =Iatria. [< treatment.] 
i-a-tra-lip'tics. Epidermic treatment of disease by 
inunction and friction. [< larpe'ia cure+aXe'Kl>eiv 
to anoint.] fi-a'tra-lipt. i-a-tra-lip'tic. 
i-a-treu-so-lo'gi a. General therapeutics, 
i-at're-vin. A condensation product of menthol 
and isobutylphenol, possessing bactericidal prop¬ 
erties: used in the treatment of consumption, 
i-at'ri a. The art of healing. [< larpeia fr. larpog 
physician.] i-at'ri-cal. 

i'a-tro-. Pertaining to the healing art: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< iarpe/n fr./.arpdf physician.] i-a- 
tro-chem'is-try. i. Chemical medicine; chemis¬ 
try as the basis of a medical or therapeutic 
system; spagirism; paracelsi.sm. 2. Medical 
chemistry. fi-a-tro-chem'ist.— i'a-trol, oxyio- 

domethylanilide, an antiseptic, said to be more 
effective than iodoform.— i-a-tro-lip'tics = ia- 
traliptics. — i-a-trol'o-gy, a treatise on medi¬ 
cine or on physicians; the science of medicine. 
— i‘a-tro-me-chan'i-cal, a term used to designate 
an obsolete school of medical theory and prac¬ 
tice which flourished, especially in Italy, in the 
seventeenth century. It tried to explain the 
phenomena of health and disease by mechanical 
principles.— i-a-tro-phys'ics, the physics of dis¬ 
ease or medical treatment.— i-a-tro-tech'nics, 
the technology of medical and surgical science. 
Ibe' ris ama'ra. Bitter candytuft, a cruciferous 
plant of Europe. Its seeds are used for dropsy, 
hypertrophy, asthma, bronchitis, rheumatism, 
etc. Dose, 0.06 to 0.2 Gm. (i to 3 grs.). 
i'bit. Bismuth oxyiodotannate, an antiseptic 
used like iodoform. 
i-bo'ga. A plant of 
the Congo region 
containing i-bo-ga'- 
ine, an alkaloid 
resembling strych¬ 
nine. 

-ic. A suffix indicat¬ 
ing the presence of 
an element in its 
higher valence, as in 
sulphuric acid, fer¬ 
ric oxide, etc. 

-Ous. 

Ic'ard’s test. The subcutaneous injection of fluo- 
rescin: it causes a greenish discoloration of the 
neighboring areas if life be present. 


ice. Water solidified by low temperature. Ice or 
iced water is used as a refrigerant in fever and 
may be applied in the form of an I.sbag or I.scap, 
made of rubber for containing pounded ice; an 
I.scoil, by running cold water through coils 
applied to various parts of the body; an I.scom- 
press or I.spoultice, by placing fragments of ice 
between the folds of a towel; or an I.senema, 
an enema containing finely cracked ice. 

Iceland moss. =Cetrari.\. I. spar, transparent 
crystalline calcium carbonate, doubly refracting: 
used in making Nicol’s prism. 
ich'no-gram. The record of footprints: of impor¬ 
tance in clinical and forensic medicine. [< l^voc 
track -1- ypdfeiv to write.] 

i'chor. A thin aqueous and acid discharge from a 
wound, sore, or diseased surface; pus. [< Ix^P 
serum or pus.] fi-cho-ri-za'tion, the transfor¬ 
mation of tissue into pus or ichor, i'cho-roid, re¬ 
sembling ichor or pus. i-cho-rol'o-gy, the science 
of morbid conditions of the blood, i'cho-rous, 
having ichor; of the nature of ichor, as I. pleu¬ 
risy, pleurisy marked by a thin brown exudate of 
an offensive odor: and I. pus, thin aqueous pus. 
i-cho-rae'mi a, i-cho-rhae'mi a, i-chor-rhas'mi a. Poi¬ 
soning of the blood from the absorption of 
sanious matter, or the febrile condition which re¬ 
sults from such poisoning. I®" Septicemia. [< 
Ixdip pus or sanious fluid + aipa blood.] fi-cho- 
rae'mic. i-chor-rhoe'a, discharge of ichor. 
i'cing=liver. = Perihepatitis chronica hyper- 
plastica. 

ich-thal'bin. Ichthyol albuminate; a grayish^brown 
powder, said to represent the desirable properties 
of ichthyol without its disagreeable odor: used 
as an antiseptic and antiphlogistic, and in gas¬ 
trointestinal diseases. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
ich-tham'mon. The ammonium compound of a 
sulphosacid obtained from a bituminous mineral 
by distillation with sulphuric acid and neutral¬ 
ization w*ith ammonia: used like ichthvol. 
ich-thar'gan. A brown odorless powder, said to 
contain 30% of metallic silver and 15% of 
sulphur; silver sulphosichthyolate. It is astrin¬ 
gent, antiphlogistic, and used in gonorrhoea 
in 0.04 to 0.2% solution, in posterior urethritis 
in 3% solution, and in trachoma in 0.5 to 3% 
solution. 

ich-thar'gol. A preparation similar to ichthargan, 
but containing 12% of silver, 
ich'thi-din, ich'thin, ich'thu-lin. Albuminous com¬ 
pounds found in the eggs of certain fishes. [ < 
fish.] 

ich'tho-form. A brownish*black powder composed 
of ichthyol and formol with antiseptic and anti¬ 
phlogistic properties: used externally on wounds 
and ulcers, and internally in acute and chronic 
intestinal disorders. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.); ex¬ 
ternally, as the powder or in 10% to 25% 
ointment. 

ich'tho-sin. A compound of ichthyol and cosin. 
ich-thy-i'a-sis. = Ichthyosis. 
ich'thy-ism. Poisoning with fish, 
ich-thy-is'mus. A disease caused by eating stale 
or poisonous fish. 



Ice-bag. 




ICHTHYOCOLLA 


443 


IDEO- 


fch-thy-o-cona. The 1890 U. S. P. name for the 
swimmingsbladder of the Acipen'ser hu'so and 
other species of sturgeon; isinglass; fish-glue. It 
is chiefly composed of gelatin, and has no peculiar 
medicinal properties. It is employed for clarify¬ 
ing liquors. EmPLASTRUM ICHTHYOCOLLiE. [< 
fish -f- AO/lAa glue ] 

ich-thy'o-form. An intestinal antiseptic, 
ich'thy-oid. Fishdike. 

ich'thy-ol. i. A proprietary redebrown and syrupy 
liquid, C,2gH3gS30g(NHp2« derived from the as¬ 
phalt of certain Alpine strata rich in fossil 
remains of fishes; ammonium ichthyolsulpho- 
nate. It is useful in gynaecological disorders, 
phthisis, rheumatism, skin diseases, and urethri¬ 
tis. Dose, 0.2 to 2 Cc. ( 5 to 30 mins.); exter¬ 
nally, as a 5 to 50% ointment. 2. Sodium 
sulphoeichthyolate, C26H3gS3Na20g; used in skin 
diseases instead of sulphur. I. albuminate = 
iCHTHALBiN. I. formaldehyde = ichthoform. 
German i. = THIOL. Silver i. = ichthargan. So¬ 
dium i. = icHTHYOL, def. 2. [< fish-h L. 

o'leum oil.] fich'thy-o-late, a salt of ichthyol. 
ich-thy-ol'ic. 

ich-thy-ol'o-gy. The science of fishes. [ < 
fish 4 - Aoyof treatise.] 

ichthy'olum austri'acum.* == Petrosulphol. 
ich-thy-oph'a-gy. The habit of living on fish, fich- 
thy-oph'a-gous. 

ich-thy-o'sis. A disease in which the skin becomes 
thickened, hard, and rough, with a tendency to 
scaliness; the fishsskin disease, Microsphyg¬ 
mia. I. congen'ita, ichthyosis beginning in intra* 
uterine life and resulting in death a few days 
after birth; harlequin foetus. I. cor'nea —I. 
HYSTRix. I. follicula'ris, ichthyosis in which 
sebum and epithelium have become massed 
around the orifices of the hair follicles. I. hys'- 
trix, ichthyosis in which the skin becomes marked 
and hypertrophied and covered with wartslike 
projections. I. lin'guae = leucoplacia buccalis. 
I. seba'cea = SEBORRHCEA. I. seba'cea cor'nea = 
Darier’s DISEASE. I. sim'plex, the common form 
of ichthyosis, in which the skin is dry and cov¬ 
ered with scales; I. vera. I. spino'sa, ichthyosis 
hystrix in which the scales are spiny. I. vul'vae, 
elephantiasis of the vulva. [<ilxOva the scaly 
skin of a fish.] fich-thy-ot'ic. 
ich-thy-o-tox'i-cum, -con. A morbid and poisonous 
product sometimes found in fish. [ < Ix^^'C fish -f 
rn^LKOv poison.] fich-thy-o-tox'in, a basic poison 
produced in fish by the action of bacteria or fungi, 
ich-thy-o-tox'ism, -tox-is'mus, poisoning by fish. 
Ic'ica. I. A genus of amyridaceous trees, chiefly 
natives of tropical America, abounding in bal¬ 
samic or resinous juice. The balsam obtained 
from I. heptaphyl'la, a native of Guiana, is used 
as medicine. The Brazilian elemi is supposed to 
be derived from I. icicari'ba, called also Am'yris 
ambrosi'aca. 2. A fluid, or turpentine, said to be 
the product of some species of the above genus, 
ic'ingsheart. A heart covered with dense, glisten¬ 
ing fibroid tissue. 

ic'ingsliver. = Perihepatitis chronica hyper- 

PLASTICA. 

ic-mas'tic. Pertaining to the bodily fluids and 
humors. [< ’iKpag fluid.] 

i-con'o-scope. A reversed telestereoscope, used for 
suppressing the effect of binocular parallax. 

[ < nKuv image -f- oKOTrelv to see.] 
i'co-sane. A crystalline hydrocarbon, 
elKooi twenty.] 


i-cos'i-nene. A liquid hydrocarbon, C20H38, from 
ozocerite; eikosylene. [< eiKoai twenty.] 
ic'te-rus. = Jaundice. Chronic i., persistent 
yellowness of the skin, tissues, and secretions, 
from impregnation with bile^pigments. Diffu¬ 
sion i., acathectic JAUNDICE. I. febri'lis= Weil’s 
DISEASE. I. gra'vis, acute yellow atrophy of the 
liver. I. menstrua'lis, icterus due to vicarious 
hyperaemia of the liver in suppressed menstrua¬ 
tion. I. neonato'rum, icterus of the newsbom, 
due to absorption of surplus blood forced into 
the vessels of the child by compression of the 
placenta within the womb. I. saturni'nus, icte¬ 
rus due to acute lead poisoning. I. sped, icterus 
due to syphilis. [L.] fic'te-rep-a-ti'tis, icffer-hep- 
a-ti'tis, hepatitis and jaundice; icteric hepatitis, 
ic-ter'ic, as I. fever, malarial fever accompanied 
by jaundice: I. = icterepatitis: I. spu¬ 

tum, sputum colored yellow or green by bile*pig- 
ment, seen in jaundice: and I. urine, urine which 
contains bile, ic-te-ri'tious, ic-ter'i-tous, jaun¬ 
diced ; yellowsskinned. 

ic'ter-o-. Relating to icterus: a combining form. 
[< Icterus.] ic‘ter-o-gen'ic, ic-te-rog'e-nous, 
producing icterus.— ic‘ter-o-haem-a-tu'ri a, jaun¬ 
dice and haematuria combined, fic'ter-o-haem-a- 
tu'ric. — ic‘ter-o-haem'o-glo-bi-nu'ri a, jaundice 
combined with haemoglobinuria.— ic'te-roid, like 
jaundice; of the yellow color of jaundice.— ic-te- 
roph'thi-sis, phthisis accompanied by jaundice; 
tabes icterica. 

ic'tus. I. A stroke, blow, or attack; the onset of 
a disease. I. laryn'gis = laryngeal epilepsy. 
L san'guiiiis = APOPLEXY. 2. A sudden attack 
of epilepsy ( 7 . epilep'ticus) or of heart disease ( 7 . 
cor'dis). [L.] 

Id. Abbr. for L. i'dem, the same, 
id. A microsome, or ancestral genusplasm, regarded 
as composing the idants. 

i'dant. A nuclear rod or chromosome regarded as 
an element in heredity. 

-ide. A suffix denoting a combination of an ele¬ 
ment or radical with a single other substance, 
thus forming a binary compound, as hrovciide. 
i-de'a. The result of mental activity. I.schase, a 
maniacal condition in which unconnected ideas 
and delusions chase one another through the 
mind. Dominant i., a morbid or other idea by 
which actions or thoughts are colored or gov¬ 
erned. Fixed i., a more or less persistent, mor¬ 
bid idea, which may develop into a monomania, 
i-de'al. Due to imagination. I. paraplegia, reflex 
paraplegia due to emotion or imagination, 
i-de-a'tion. A distinct mental representation of an 
object. ti-de-a'tion-al, as 7 . iw 5 a«i 7 y= intel¬ 
lectual insanity. 

i-den'ti-cal points. Two points, one in the retina 
of one eye and one in that of the other, such 
that two rays of light from the same point in the 
field of vision must fall upon them in order that 
the point may be seen as one point. 
i-den‘ti-fi-ca'tion. The act of identifying or state 
of being identified. Anthropometric i., Ber- 
tillon’s system of i., ^Bertillon’s system. Gal- 
ton’s system of i., c®-Galton’s system. 
i-den'tism. The theory that gonorrhoea, chancroid, 
and chancre are caused by the same virus. [<L. 
i'dem the same.] 

i'de-o-. Denoting an idea or ideation: a combin¬ 
ing form. [<hlea idea.] i*de-o-dy'na-mism, 
stimulation by an idea of the nerve*fibres which 
will realize it.— i*de-o-glan'du-lar, denoting gland* 


IDIASM 


444 


IGNIPUNCTURE 


ular activity aroused through some recollection 
or thought.— i-de-ol'o-gy, the science of thought 
or ideas.— i'de-o-met-a-bol'ic, denoting metabolic 
activity induced by an idea.— i’de-o-mo'tion, 
motion neither reflex nor volitional, but induced 
by some dominant idea. as I. 

centres, brain=centres presiding over ideomotion: 
and /. movements— lU'E.O'M.OTio ^.— i'de-o-mus'- 
cu-lar, denoting voluntary muscular activity due 
to some ideation, memory, or hallucination, as I. 
contraction. — i’de-o-peg'ma, a fixed idea producing 
monomania.— i’de-o-phre'ni a, insanity marked 
by perversion of ideas; ideational insanity, 
o-phren'ic, as I. insanity, ideophrenia.— i‘de-or- 
rhoe'a, a tumultuous flow of thought, as in some 
cases of insanity.— i’de-o-vas'cu-lar, relating to 
vascular change produced by ideation, 
id'i -asm. A personal peculiarity. [< idiaCjudf.] 
id'i-em-pre'sis. i. Spontaneous combustion. 2. In¬ 
flammation arising idiopathically. 
id'io-. Denoting one’s own; peculiar to an indi¬ 
vidual : a combining form. [ < idrog own.] idd- 
osag-glu'ti-nin, cs- agglutinin. — id'i-o-blast, one 
of the supposed units, containing idioplasm, which 
•make up animal and vegetable cells.— idd-o-cra'- 
sia, id-i-oc'ra-cy, id-i-oc'ra-sy = idiosyncrasy. 
fid'i-o-crat'ic. — id'i-o-cy, see in vocabulary place 
below.— id*i-o-gen'e-sis, the idiopathic origin of 
disease.— idd-o-glos'si a, a defect of speech in 
which persons mentally normal and without 
physical defect are unable to utter guttural and 
faucial sounds.— id*i-o-het-e-ro=ag-glu'ti-nin, an 
agglutinin contained in normal blood having the 
power of agglutinating foreign cells and blood* 
corpuscles of animals of another species.— id'i-o- 
het-e-rol'y-sin, a lysin found in normal blood 
having the power of dissolving bloodscorpuscles 
and foreign cells of another species of animal.— 
idd-o-hyp'no-tism, the production of hypnotism 
by one’s self.— id'i-osi-sosag-glu'ti-nin, an inher¬ 
ent but not hereditary substance found in nor¬ 
mal blood. It is a product of interchangeable 
immunization between the mother and the foetus. 

— id-i-ol'o-gism, an expression or utterance pecu¬ 
liar to any person, especially an insane patient. 

— id*i-o-me-tri'tis, inflammation of the parenchy¬ 
matous substance of the uterus.— idd-o-mus'cu- 
lar, pertaining to the muscle itself, as I. contrac¬ 
tions, muscular contractions due to a local im¬ 
pulse, as a blow, and not to the proper nerve 
stimulus.— id*i-o-neu-ro'sis, a manifestation of a 
diseased condition of the nerves, due to causes 
which are local and which act upon and 
within the affected part; a neurosis which is not 
reflex.— idd-o-path'ic, see in vocabulary place 
below.— id'i-o-phore, the theoretical primary form 
of living celbsubstance.— id-i-o-phren'ic, due to 
brain disease, as I. insanity, insanity arising 
from brain disease, not due to reflex action nor 
to causes operating in some remote part of the 
body.— id'i-o-plasm, the active part of a mass 
of protoplasm of a germ or an ovum, or the 
part which is believed to impress the parental 
features and characters upon the offspring; germ* 
plasm.— idd-o-ret'i-nal, belonging to the retina 
itself.— id'i-o-spasm, local spasm, or spasm due 
to local causes, and not reflex, fid'i-o-spas'tic. 

— id*i-o-syn'cra-sy, idd-o-syn-cra'si a, the dis¬ 
position or habit of body peculiar to an individ¬ 
ual; also any peculiar and not obviously corre¬ 
lated reactions against external influences exhib¬ 
ited by an individual. ti<i'i“0-syn-crat'ic, as 7 . 


asthma, asthma caused by psychic or sense im¬ 
pressions upon the olfactory nerves.— id-i-ot'o- 
py, a topographical description of the relation of 
different parts of the same organ to each other, 
id'i-o-cy. An extreme form of dementia occurring 
in children and due, for the most part, to a con¬ 
genital defect. Although the term idiocy popu¬ 
larly denotes almost complete imbecility, it prop¬ 
erly includes various degrees of this infirmity. 

Amentia; cretinism; Mongolian idiot; 
myxcedema; Sachs’s disease. [< idtcjTT/g private; 
a common person; an ignorant man.] fi^'i-ot, 
one who is without understanding; a fool. I. 
savant (i-di-6 sa-vah), a person whose mind is 
developed in some one direction, but who ranks 
in other respects as an idiot. Some idiots have 
musical talent, some have good memories, and 
some have the ability to learn foreign languages. 
[F.] id-i-ot'ic. id'i-o-tism, the state or condition 
of an idiot. (^Dementia. 
id‘i-o-path'ic. Relating to idiopathy: opposed to 

SYMPTOMATIC, SYMPATHETIC, and TRAUMATIC. I. 

abscess, an abscess, due to some local cause, and 
not the result of some constitutional disease; a 
local abscess. I. anaemia, a general anemia occur¬ 
ring without any discoverable cause, character¬ 
ized by rapid blood*destruction, poecilocytosis, a 
high color*index, and megaloblastic blood forma¬ 
tion; Addison’s a.; Biermer’s a.; cytogenic a.; 
essential a.; malignant a.; pernicious a.; primary 
a.; progressive pernicious a. It generally affects 
middle*aged persons and its prognosis is usually 
bad. A symptomatic form closely resembling it 
is due to intestinal parasites. I. asphyxia, as¬ 
phyxia. I. disease, a disease which exists by itself 
and is not dependent upon some other disease. I. 
dysmenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea in which there is 
neither displacement nor lesion. I. erysipelas, 
erysipelas. I. hypertrophy, t®- hypertrophy. I. 
muscular atrophy = muscular dystrophy. 1. 
nephritis, c®- nephritis. I. neuralgia, neural¬ 
gia. I. peritonitis, peritonitis. I. tetanus, 

TETANUS. 

id-i-op'a-thy. A disease arising spontaneously; an 
affection the opposite of sympathy, Deuter- 
opathy; primary; protopathia; secondary; 
sympathetic; symptomatic; traumatic. [< 
hhng own -f Tzadoq disease.] 
i'do. A universal language based on esperanto; ildo; 
ilo; purified or simplified esperanto; esperido. 
fi'dist, il'dist. An advocate of ido. 
id'or*gan. A potential organism; a unit in mor¬ 
phology made up of two or more plastids, but 
not possessing a definite character of its own. 
id-ro-ma'ni a. = Hydromania. 
i-dro'sis. =Hidrosis. 
id'ryl. = Fluoranthene. 

ig-a-su'ric acid. A acid, somewhat resembling 
malic acid, found in Strych'nos igna'lii and 5 . 
nux=vom'ica. fig-^-su'rate. 
ig-a-su'rine. A poisonous alkaloid said to occur in 
various species of Strych'nos, but which is really 
only a mixture of strychnine and brucine, 
ig-na'ti a. The seed of Strych'nos igna'tii; bean of 
St. Ignatius: in therapeutic effects it is like nux 
vomica. Dose, 0.03 to 0.2 Gm. (-| to 3 grs.). 
igmisex-tir-pa'tion. Extirpation by means of hot 
cautery. i^Moxa. 

ig-ni-pe'di a. A hot stinging pain in the foot, 
igmi-pe-di'tes. = Beriberi. [TjD/. ’09.] 
ig'ni-punc-ture. Puncture with white*hot needles: 
usually effected with heated platinum needles. 


IGNIS 


445 


ILIAC 


ig'nis. Fire; the evolution of light and heat which 
attends combustion. I. actua'lis, “ actual fire,” 
^ ACTUAL CAUTERY. I. pei'sicus, “ Persian fire,” 
anthrax, or herpes zoster. I. potentia'lis, “po¬ 
tential fire,” potential cautery. I. sa'cer, “ sacred 
fire,” I. Sanc'ti Anto'nii, “St. Anthony’s fire,” I. 
volat'icus, “flying fire,” old names for erysipe¬ 
las. [L.] 

ig-ni'tion. The state of being heated so as to re¬ 
semble fire. 

ig'no-tine. An active principle, CgHj^N^Oj, isolated 
from beef extract, 
i-ha'ga. =Akazga. 

Ihering’s line or horizontal (ir'fngz). A line pass¬ 
ing through the auricular point and tangent to 
the lower margin of the orbit; Merkel’s hori¬ 
zontal. 

i-ko'ta. A religious monomania of married women 
in Siberia. 

ik-shu-gan'dha. The seeds of the land^caltrop 
{Trib'ulus terres'tris), yielding an astringent tinc¬ 
ture recommended for spermatorrhoea, 
il'dist. = Idist. tihdo = ido. 
il'e ac. Relating to ileus. I. passion, ileus. 
iPe-a-del'phus. A monstrosity single above and 
double below the pelvis. 
il*esec'to-my. Excision of the ileum, 
il-e-i'tis. Inflammation of the ileum. 
il'e 0-. Denoting connection with or relation to the 
ileum: a combining form. [< Ileum.] il‘e-o- 
cae'cal, relating to the ileum and the caecum, as 
1 . fossa or pouch, a pouch of peritoneum forming 
a depression behind the junction of the ileum and 
the caecum: I. invagination, invagination of the 
small intestine through the ileocaecal valve: and 
I. valve, the semilunar folds of mucous membrane 
guarding the lower termination of the small in¬ 
testine and preventing its former contents from 
resentering the ileum from the caecum; Bauhin’s 
valve; ileocolic valve; valve of the colon.— ‘iPe-o- 
cae'cum, the ileum and the caecum considered as 
one organ.— iPe-o-clei'sis, closure or occlusion of 
the ileum.— •iPe-o-col'ic, pertaining to the ileum 
and colon, as I. artery, ^ colic arteries: I. 
fossa, a pouch of peritoneum forming a depression 
at the junction of the ileum and the colon: I. 
invagination, invagination of the ileocaecal valve 
and small intestine into the colon: I. valve = 
ileocaecal valve: and I. vein, a branch of the 
superior mesenteric vein.— iPe-o-co-li'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of the ileum and the colon, or of parts of 
each; enterocolitis.— il*e-o-co'lon, the ileum and 
colon considered as one organ. fiPe-o-co-lon'ic. 
— il'e-o-co-los'to-my, the formation by surgical 
means of an artificial communication between 
the ileum and the colon.— 'iPe-o-co-lot'o-my, 
surgical incision of the ileum and the colon.— 
ipe-o-dic-li-di'tis, inflammation of the ileocaecal 
valve.— iPe-osil-e-os'to-my, formation by surgical 
means of an artificial communication between 
different portions of the ileum.— il-e-ol'o-gy, the 
science of the intestines.— iPe-o-pa-ri'e-tal, re¬ 
lating to the walls of the ileum.— iPe-o-pis-o-li'- 
tis, inflammation of Peyer’s patches.— iPe-o-proc- 
tos'to-my, -rec-tos'to-my, the formation of an 
opening between the ileum and the rectum.— iPe- 
o-sig-moi-dos'to-my, the formation of an opening 
between the ileum and the sigmoid flexure.— 
il-e-os'to-my, the making of an artificial opening 
into the ileum.— il-e-ot'o-my, surgical incision 
into the ileum through the abdomen.— iPe-o-ty'- 
phus, enteric or typhoid fever. 


il'eum. The third or last portion of the small 
intestine, ending at the valve of the caecum; in- 
testinum ileum*. [L., fr. elTiClv to twist.] 

il'e us. A condition marked by severe griping pain, 
vomiting, and costiveness, with spasm of the 
abdominal muscles, caused by intestinal obstruc¬ 
tion ; ileac passion; iliac passion. I. paralyt'icus, 
ileus due to insufficiency of peristalsis, gradually 
increased to complete paralysis. [< to 

twist.] 

I'lex. Holly, a genus of aquifoliaceous plants. The 
leaves of /. aquifo'lium, of Europe, and I. opa'- 
ca, of America, are used as tonic, astringent, and 
antiseptic. The leaves yield i-lex-an'thin, Cj^- 

H, 30jj, a yellow crystalline principle. 

il'i ac. Belonging to the ilium or the flanks. I. 
aneurism, an aneurism of one of the iliac arte¬ 
ries. I. artery, either of two arteries, right and 
left, given off from the abdominal aorta and 
dividing to form the external and internal iliac 
arteries on each side of the body; common or 
primitive iliac artery. Circumflex i. artery, one of 
the principal branches of the external iliac, 
arising opposite the origin of the epigastric and 
running along the crest of the ilium. External i. 
artery, the outer branch of the common iliac 
running to Poupart’s ligament, where it becomes 
the femoral artery. Internal i. artery, the inner 
branch of the common iliac, descending into the 
pelvis and dividing into two trunks, which give 
off numerous branches to various parts of the 
pelvis. In the foetus the internal iliac is known 
as the Hypogastric artery. I. crest = crest of 
THE ILIUM. I. dislocation, dislocation of the 
femur at the hip=joint in which the bone is 
pushed toward the ilium. I. fascia, a strong 
fascia which covers the inner surface of the iliac 
and psoas muscles; fascia iliaca*. I. fossa, a 
broad and shallow cavity at the upper part and 
inner surface of the ilium; internal iliac fossa; 
fossa iliaca*. External i. fossa, a fossa or depres¬ 
sion on the.external surface of the ilium. I. 
glands, the lymphsglands of the iliac region, dis¬ 
tinguished as anterior, internal, and superior, 
according to their situation; lymphoglandulae 
iliacae*. I. line, a portion of the iliopectineal line 
on the ilium. I. muscle, the iliacus. I. notches, 
two notches, a superior and an inferior, on the 
anterior edge of the ilium, situated respectively 
below the anterior superior spine and the ante¬ 
rior inferior spine. I. passion = ileus. I. plex¬ 
us, an extension of the abdominal aortic plexus 
along the common iliac artery; plexus iliacus*. 

I. region, the side of the abdomen between the 
ribs and the hips. I. spines, the projecting ends 
of the crest of the ilium and similar pairs of 
processes below, separated from the former by a 
notch. The two on the front surface are called 
the anterior superior and anterior inferior spines, 
those on the back surface the posterior superior 
and posterior inferior spines. I. symphysis, the 
junction of the ilium with the sacrum or with 
some other bone. I. tuberosity, the rough pos¬ 
terior superior surface of the internal aspect of 
the ilium; tuberositas iliaca*. Circumflex i. vein, 
a branch of the external iliac vein accompanying 
the artery of the same name. Common i. vein, 
a trunk formed by the union of the internal and 
external iliac veins, and joining with the one of 
the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava. 
External i. vein, a continuation upward of the 
femoral vein from Poupart’s ligament to its 


ILIAC US 


446 


ILLUMINATION 


union with the internal iliac vein. Internal i. 
vein, a vein lying behind the artery of the same 
name, and returning the blood from its distri¬ 
bution, which unites with the external iliac vein 
to form the common iliac. 

i-li'a-cus. The iliac muscle; M. t 7 facw5*. It arises 
from the iliac fossa and crest and from the ala 
of the sacrum, is inserted upon the lesser tro¬ 
chanter in connection with the psoas muscle, and 
assists in flexing the thigh and in rotating it 
outward. I. exter'nus = pyriformis. 

il'i-a-del'phus. = Ileadelphus. 

il'i-cine. A bitter active principle obtained from 
riex and recommended as a febrifuge. 

Ilimow’s test (i'li-movz). A test for albumin, made 
by acidulating with acid sodium phosphate, 
filtering, and adding a carbolic acid solution 
(i to 20): a cloudy precipitate denotes the pres¬ 
ence of albumin. 

il'i 0-. Denoting connection with or relating to 
the ilium: a combining form. [< Ilium.] il*i-os 
ap-o-neu-rot'ic, relating to the ilium and of 
the nature of an aponeurosis, as the I. muscle. 
— ild-o-cap-su-la'ris, an occasional muscle aris¬ 
ing from the anterior inferior spine of the ilium 
and inserted into the lower part of the anterior 
intertrochanteric line; iliacus minor.— ild-o-co- 
lot'o-my, colotomy performed in the iliac region. 
—ild-o-cos'tal muscle, the accessorius muscle 
and the cervicalis ascendens regarded as forming 
one muscle; the name, however, is frequently 
restricted to the lumbar extension of the above 
described muscular mass.— il*i-o-dor'sal, relating 
to the dorsal surface of the ilium.— il*i-o-fem'o- 
ral, relating to the ilium and the femur, as I. 
crease = gluteofemoral crease: I. ligament, 
a triangular fibrous band arising from the ante¬ 
rior inferior spine of the ilium and inserted by 
two heads into the lesser trochanter of the femur 
and the intertrochanteric line; Ysligament; Bige¬ 
low’s ligament; ligamentum iliofemorale*: and 
I . triangle, a triangle bounded by a line between 
the anterior superior spine of the ilium and the 
tuberosity of the ischium, the prolongation out¬ 
ward of a line through the anterior superior 
spines, and a line at right angles from the middle 
of this latter to the apex of the greater tro¬ 
chanter.— ild-o-hy-po-gas'tric, relating to the 
ilium and the hypogastrium, as I. nerve, a 
branch of the lumbar plexus distributed to the 
integument in front of the buttock and to the 
hypogastrium; nervus iliohypogastricus*. — il*i-o- 
in'gui-nal, relating to the ilium and the groin, as 
I. cravat, ts- cravat: and I . nerve, a branch of 
the first lumbar nerve distributed to the skin of 
the scrotum and the inner and upper part of the 
thigh; nervus ilioinguinalis*. — il*i-osis'chi al, 
sis-chi a'tic, relating to the ilium and the ischium, 
as I. angle, the angle between the ischium and 
the cotylosacral ridge of the ilium.— iki-o-lum'bar, 
pertaining to the ilium and to the lumbar verte¬ 
brae, as I. artery, the posterior trunk of the 
internal iliac artery; arteria iliolumbalis*: 
1 . ligament, a broad band which arises from the 
transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra 
and divides into two layers, inserted respectively 
into the crest of the ilium and the sacro-iliac 
articulation and adjacent parts; ligamentum ilio- 
lumhale*: I. muscle, that portion of the quad- 
ratus lumborum which is inserted into the tips of 
the processes of the lumbar vertebrae; and I. vein, 
a vein which opens into the internal iliac vein or 


at times into the common iliac vein; vena iliolum¬ 
balis*. — il*i-o-lum"bo-cos*to-ab-dom'i-nal, per¬ 
taining to the iliac, lumbar, costal, and abdomi¬ 
nal regions.— il*i-o-pec-ti-ne'al, relating to the 
crest of the ilium, as I. eminence, an eminence 
on the horizontal ramus of the pubis in front of 
the acetabulum; eminentia iliopectinea*:' I. liga¬ 
ment, a portion of the iliac fascia attaching 
Poupart’s ligament and the crural sheath to the 
os pubis: and I. line, a ridge proceeding from 
the pubic spine outward and backward on the 
ilium to form the brim of the true pelvis.-^ il'i- 
o-pel'vic abscess, abscess forming over the iliacus 
muscle, as from labor or Pott’s disease.—■ iPi-o- 
per-i-ne'al, relating to the ilium and the perineum. 
— iPi-o-pol-y-me'li us, a monster having supernu¬ 
merary limbs attached to the ilium.— iPi-o-pre- 
tib-i-a'lis = SARTORius. — iPi-o-pso'as, the iliacus 
muscle and the psoas magnus regarded as together 
forming one muscle; musculus iliopsoas*. fiBi-o- 
pso-at'ic.— iPi-o-pu'bic, relating to the ilium and 
pubis, as I. eminence =■ iliopectineal eminence: 
I. ligament = Vow x'b.t's ligament: and I. line 
= ILIOPECTINEAL LINE. — ipi-o-sa'cral, relating 
to the ilium and the sacrum, as I. ligament, the 
sacro*iliac ligament.— iki-o-sci-at'ic, relating to 
the ilium and the ischium; iliodschiatic, as I. 
notch, the great sciatic notch. — il*i-o-scro'tal, 
relating to the ilium and the scrotum, as I. nerve 
= iLiosiNGUiNAL NERVE. — il'i-o-spi'nal, relat¬ 
ing to the ilium and the spine. — il*i-o-tib'i al 
band, a part of the fascia lata running from the 
iliac crest to the outer tuberosity of the tibia 
and enclosing the tensor vaginae femoris muscle.— 
il*i-o-tro-chan-ter'ic ligament, a thickened portion 
of the capsular ligament of the hipsjoint in¬ 
serted into the intertrochanteric line.— iki-o- 
ver'te-bral angle, the angle between the iliac 
bones and the spinal column. 

il'i um. The broad flat upper portion of the innom¬ 
inate bone; the haunchsbone; flanksbone; os 
ilium*-, in the foetus it is distinct from the other 
parts. [L., “ flank.”] 

il-lach-ry-ma'tion. Excessive involuntary weeping. 
[ < L. illacrima're to weep greatly.] 

il-la-que-a'tion. The process of drawing an ingrow¬ 
ing eyelash through an opening in the skin of the 
lid by means of a snare or noose. [< L. illa- 
quea're to snare.] 

il-le-git'i-mate. Contrary to law: usually applied 
to children born out of lawful wedlock. [< L. in 
neg. -f legit'imus lawful.] 

Illi'cium. I. A genus of magnoliaceous shrubs. 2. 
The 1890 U. S. P. name for the fruit of I. ve'rum, 
or star anise. The fruit of 1 . anisa'tum; I. flor- 
ida'num, oi Florida; and /. religio'sum, oi China, 
is poisonous. 

ill'ness. An attack of a disease: the state of a 
person attacked by disease. 

il-li-ni'tion. The application of a liniment or an 
ointment accompanied by rubbing. [ < L. illini'- 
re to smear.] 

il-lu-mi-na'tion. The use and management of arti¬ 
ficial or reflected light in microscopy, endoscopy, 
rhinoscopy, ophthalmoscopy, laryngoscopy, etc. 
When the light is thrown on from in front, it is 
Direct i. ; when from one side, it is Lateral i. or 
Oblique i. ; and when by means of rays of light 
reflected from a mirror and passing perpendic¬ 
ularly through the object on the stage. Central 
i. Axial i., illumination of a microscopical object 
b.y light converged in the direction of the axis of 


ILLUMINISM 


447 


IMMUNITY 


the micrcscope. Critical i., illumination by care¬ 
ful focussing of the light upon an object. Focal i., 
illumination in which the light is concentrated 
by a lens or a mirror on an object placed at its 
focus. til"lu^rni-na-tor, a microscope attachment 
for concentrating light. i^Abbe illu.minator; 
DARK=FIELD ILLUMINATOR, 
il-lu'mi-nism. A cerebral excitation, with ecstasy 
or loquacity, during which the subject imagines 
that he sees or converses with supernatural 
beings. [ < L. lu'nien light.] 



Visual Illusion. —The vertical and horizontal out¬ 
lines of the letters appear inclined. (Fraser.) 

il-lu'sion. The false perceptive interpretation of a 
real sensation, Hallucination. [<L. 
dere to mock or deceive.] fil-lu'sion-al. 
il-lu-ta'tion. The therapeutic use of the il-lu-ta- 
men'tum or mud-bath. [ < L. in in +lu'ium mud.] 
i'lo. = Ido. 

im'age. An idea; a picture of the imagination. In 
optics, the spectrum or picture of an object 
formed by the reflection or the refraction of the 
rays of light from its various points. Varieties 
of image are Acoustic (c^ mental). Aerial, 
Auditory (t^ mental). Direct or erect, 
False, Inverted ( = real), Mental, Optical, 
PurkinjesSanson’s, Real, Retinal, Sensory, 
Subjective, Tactile (omental). Virtual, and 
Visual (cr- mental). I. of Purkinje, an image 
produced upon the retina by the shadow of the 
retinal blood=vessels. [< L. ima'go picture.] 
i-mag-i-na'tion. i. The creative and inventive fac¬ 
ulty of the mind; the faculty which produces 
original thoughts or new combinations of ideas. 
2. A fanciful opinion; an illusion of the mind, 
i-ma'go. A mature insect, Larva; pupa. 
im-bal'ance. Lack of balance. 

im'be-cile. Possessing weak mental faculties. [ < 
L. imbecil'is.] fini-be-cil'i-ty. 
im-bed'ding. = Embedding. 

im-bi-bi'tion. The act of drinking in or sucking up 
moisture, causing penetration of a 
liquid among the particles of a 
solid body. In legal medicine the 
term is especially applied to the 
gradual passage of a poison, as ar¬ 
senic, from one part of the body 
to another. [< h. in in+bi'bere 
to drink.] fi^i-bibe', to drink in; 
to absorb. 

im-bri-ca'ted. Overlapping like the 
tiles or shingles of a roof: said of 
cells and leaf buds and the spines 
of the vertebriE. fi'oi-bri-ca'tion. 
iin-es'a-tin. A colorless crystalline substance, 
CgHgNjO, formed by passing dry ammonia gas into 
a boiling .solution of isatin in absolute alcohol, 
im'ide. A substituted ammonia with two hydrogen 


atoms replaced by an acid radical, Amide. 
fim'i-do-, im'i-no-, amido-, amino-. 

i-mid'i od. A proprietary iodine article. 

imd-do-di-phe'nyl. = Carbazole. 

im-i-ta'tion. The morbid copying of the acts of 
another person or of the symptoms of a person 
who is ill with a disease not affecting the imita¬ 
tor; mimicry, fini'i-ta-tive, as I. chorea, chorea 
developed in children as the result of association 
with those afflicted with chorea. 

Im'lach’s fatsplug. A mass of fatty tissue some¬ 
times found in the mesial angle of the exterior 
inguinal ring. 

im-ma-ture' cataract. An unripe, imperfectly de¬ 
veloped cataract. 

im-me'di ate. With nothing intervening. I. agglu¬ 
tination, union by first intention. I. amputation, 
an amputation done during the period of shock 
following the injury. I. auscultation, ts- auscul¬ 
tation. I. cause, a cause which directly pro¬ 
duces a disease; proximate or primary cause. I. 
compression, compression applied directly to a 
vessel or nerve which has been exposed and sep¬ 
arated from the adjoining tissue. Mediate 
COMPRESSION. I. contagion, contagion from a 
direct source. I. ligature, a ligature applied di¬ 
rectly to the vessel. I. percussion, percus¬ 
sion. I. principles, in general physics, the last 
solid, liquid, or gaseous bodies to which we 
can reduce organized substances by analysis 
without chemical decomposition. I. rootsfilling, 
in dentistry, the insertion of a root=filling imme¬ 
diately after the removal of the pulp. I. trans¬ 
fusion, direct transfusion. I. union, union by first 
intention. 

im-med'i-ca-ble. Beyond the reach of treatment 
by medicine; incurable. 

im-mer'sion. i. The act of plunging a body into 
liquid. I. bath, a water=bath into which the 
patient is plunged for a short time. 2. The 
working of a microscope with the distal surface 
of its object*glass and the object itself covered 
with some suitable liquid, as water {Water i.), 
glycerin, or cedar oil {Oil i.). When the liquid, 
as thickened cedar oil, has the same refractive 
power as the cover»glass, the immersion is said 
to be homogeneous. I. lens, I. objective, im¬ 
mersion, def. 2. 3. Treatment by continuous im¬ 
mersion of the patient in water. 

im-mi-gra'tion. The entry of cells into a tissue, as 
from a blood=current. 

im-mis'ci-ble. Not miscible; not capable of being 
mixed together. 

im-mis'sion. Introduction, as of a catheter. 

im-mo-bil'i-ty. Inability to move, as I. of joints = 

ANKYLOSIS. 

im-mo‘bi-li-za'tion. The act of rendering a part 
immovable or of preventing all possibility of 
movement in a part: especially applied to frac¬ 
tured bones and morbid articulations, 

mob'i-lize. 

im-mov'a-ble bandage. A bandage made with 
plaster of Paris, glue, starch, or similar stiffening 
material, which, though soft when applied, after¬ 
ward hardens, holding the part immovable. I. 

joint = SYNARTHROSIS*. 

im-mu'ni-ty. The power of certain persons to re¬ 
sist a prevailing disease; the condition of the 
body under which it resists the development 
of morbific processes; exemption. It may be 
natural, due to individual, racial, or hereditary 
peculiarities, or acquired^ that is, due to changes 



Imbricated 
Leaf Buds. 







IMPACTION 


448 


IMPRESSIO 


produced in the system by a previous attack of 
the particular disease, or by vaccination or inoc¬ 
ulation «.)■ Antitoxin; Buchner’s 

HUMERAL theory; CoLLES’S LAW, DIATHESIS; 
Ehrlich’s lateral^chain theory; inocula¬ 
tion; Metchnikoff’s theory; opsonic index; 
serum; vaccination. [< L. immu'nis exempt, 
free from duty.] fini-nitine'. i. Exempt, as I. 
animal, ^ control experiment: I. body = 
AMBOCEPTOR (in the plural, Spengler’s term for a 
derivative of the red blood^cells of animals im¬ 
munized against tuberculosis): and I. proteid, one 
of a group of substances formed in the living body 
by the combination of the enzymes of pathogenic 
bacteria with certain albuminous bodies. 2. One 
exempt from taking a disease, whether from a 
protective inoculation or from a previous attack 
of the particular disease. im"mu-ni-fa'cient, 
immunizing, as of a semelincident disease; im- 
mu-ni-fac'tion. J. A. M. A. ij.’og.] im'mu-ni- 
za'tion, the act of rendering immune, im'mu- 
niz-ing, as I. = .antitoxic im.munity unit. 
im*mu-no-pro'te id, a proteid formed by immu¬ 
nization. im*mu-no-tox'm, any antitoxin, 
im-pac'tion. i. The condition of any bone which 
has suffered an impacted fracture. 2. The state 
of the fetal head when it is fixed in the pelvic 
canal. 3. The condition of the bowel when full 
of hardened faeces; plugging. [< L. impac'Uo, 
fr. impin'gere to drive in.] fim-pa^c'ted, as 1 . 
calculus, a calculus that is lodged in a cavity or 
passage: I. foetus, a foetus whose head is firmly 
fixed in the pelvic cavity: I. fracture, a fracture 
in which the main parts of the broken bone are 
driven into each other: and I. teeth, teeth which 
for lack of room have been unable to grow, 
im-pale'ment. Transfixion of the body, or of some 
part thereof, as upon a stake, 
im-pal'pa-ble. Incapable of being felt; so fine as 
not to be perceived by the touch, as I. powder. 
im-pal'u-dism, im-pal-u-da'tion. Marsh=poisoning; 
a morbid condition due to living in or near 
marshy lands, Malaria. 
im'par. Odd; not even; unequal. Ganglion 
IMPAR. [< L. in neg. -f par equal.] 
im'pa-rous. Having never borne a child. [<L. in 
not -f pa'rere to bring forth.] 

Impa'tiens. A genus of geraniaceous plants. \^ari- 
ous species are popularly known as Balsam, Touch» 
me^not, and JeweUweed. I. no'li=me=tan'gere, the 
touch=me=not, a native of Europe: emetic, cathar¬ 
tic, and diuretic. 1 . fid'va and /. paVlida, of 
America, have similar properties, 
im-per'a-tive conception or idea. A false idea 
dominating the mind and actions which one 
cannot get rid of, although he knows it is false 
and absurd. I. movement, a movement without 
any apparent object made by an insane person 
under the influence of some irresistible impulse 
and without volition. 

Imperato'ria ostru'thium. Masterwort, an umbel¬ 
liferous plant, a native of Europe. Its root is bit¬ 
ter, tonic, and stimulant. From its juice, an 
active principle im-per-a-to'rin or peucedanin is 
obtained. 

im-per-fo-ra'tion. Permanent or abnormal occlu¬ 
sion of canals or apertures which naturally ought 
to be open; atresia, Stenosis. [ < L. in neg. -f 
perfora're to bore through.] fim-per'fo-rate, as 
I. anus, I. hymen, I. vagina, etc. 
im-pe'ri al measure. The liquid measure used in the 
B. P. Weights and Measures, table of. 


im-pe-ri-a'line. A crystalline alkaloid, Cg^HgiNO^ 
from the bulb of Fritilla'ria imperia'lis, a lilia- 
ceous plant cultivated for ornament, 
im-per'me-a-ble. Not permeable; not permitting a 
passage through. I. stricture, a stricture through 
which no instrument can with safety be passed, 
im-per'vi ous. Impenetrable; not allowing anything 
to pass through, as an I. stricture. 
im-pe-ti'go. A skin disease marked by small, ir¬ 
regularly circumscribed pustules, chiefly on the 
extremities, slightly elevated, and terminating in 
a laminated scab, unaccompanied by fever, and 
not contagious; humid or running tetter; dartre. 
I. contagio'sa, a contagious disease resembling 
impetigo, and due to the presence of a micro* 
organism. I. herpetifor'mis, a rare and generally 
fatal disease, characterized by an eruption ap¬ 
pearing in rings. It usually affects pregnant 
women. I. sim'plex or staphylog'enes, an acute 
inflammatory form due to staphylococci. I. syphi- 
lit'ica, an eruption of small pustules in syphilis. 

1. variolo'sa, small pustules occurring between the 
vesicles of variola during their drying stage. [ < 
L. impe'tere to invade.] fim-pe-tig'i-noid, -nous, 
as/, syphilide, i^syphilide. 

im-plan-ta'tion. i. The operation of skin*grafting. 

2. The surgical replacement of a decayed tooth 
by a sound one. 3. The introduction of a solid 
medicament into the tissues. When introduced 
beneath the skin it is called Hypodermic; when 
introduced into the substance of an organ or a 
tumor it is called Parenchymatous. 4. The ab¬ 
normal union of two foetuses, or of a parasite and 
an autosite; teratic implantation. [< L. im- 
planta'tio, fr. planta're to plant.] fkn-plan'ted, 
as I. suture, a suture formed by passing pins into 
the flesh parallel with the wound: the pins are ap¬ 
proximated by drawing them with threads, and 
the edges of the wound thus brought together. 

im-pli-ca'tion. i. The involvement of any part in 
a disease. 2. A plexus, as of nerves or vessels, 

[ < L. implica'tio, fr. plica're to fold.] 
im-pon'der-a-ble. Incapable of being weighed; with¬ 
out weight. [< L. in not+pon'dus weight.] 
im-por-ta'tion. The conveyance or bringing of a 
contagium or of an epidemic disease from one 
country or region into another. [ < L. in into -f 
porta're to carry.] 

im-pos'thume. An abscess. [A corruption of L. 
aposte'ma.'\ 

im'po-tence, im'po-ten-cy. Want of power, espe¬ 
cially of virile power; inability to perform the 
act of coition, which may be either physical, due 
to malformation, or psychical, due to mental 
conditions; weakness. Adynamia; .anaphro- 
disia; aspermatism; azoospermia; sterility. 
[< L. impoten'tia, fr. in neg. -|- pos'se to be 
able.] fim'po-tent. 

im-pov'er-ish-ment. Deficiency, as of blood scorpus- 
cles, or of fibrin. 

im-preg-na'tion. i . The act of making, or state of 
being pregnant; fecundation. 2. In pharmacy, 
the act of saturation by solution or otherwise. 
[< New Latin impregna'rc to make fruitful, to 
make pregnant.] fim-preg'nate. 
im-pres'sio, pi. impressio'nes. —Impression. I. 
col'ica*, the impression of the transverse colon 
on the under surface of the right lobe of the 
liver. Impressio'nes digita'tae* = digital im¬ 
pressions. I. duodena'lis*, the impression made 
by the duodenum on the right lobe of the liver. 
I. gas'trica*, the impression made by tht cardiac 


IMPRESSION 


449 


INCARCERATION 


part of the stomach on the under surface of the 
left lobe of the liver and on the kidney. I. he- 
pat'ica*, the impression made on the kidney where 
it is in apposition with the liver. I. oesopha'gea*, 
the impression made by the» oesophagus as it 
passes by the liver. I. petro'sa*, the impression 
on the temporosphenoidal labe of the brain, 
caused by the prominence of the superior semi¬ 
circular canal of the temporal bone. I. rena'lis*, 
the impression made by the right kidney on the 
right lobe of the liver. I. suprarena'lis*, the im¬ 
pression upon the liver of the suprarenal gland. 
I. trigem'ini*, the impression made by the gas¬ 
serian ganglion on the petrous portion of the tem¬ 
poral bone. I. vesicaTis, a fossa on the under 
surface of the liver for the galbbladder. [L.] 

im-pres'sion. i. The act of imprinting; a mark 
made by pressure; an indentation; impressio*. 
t®" Digital i. Palm and sole i., k^Galton’s 
SYSTEM. I. preparation, a bacterial colony fixed 
upon a coversglass by pressing it lightly down 
upon the culture. 2. An effect upon the ner¬ 
vous system arising from a communication be¬ 
tween an external object and an organ of sense 
(Sensory i.) or the mind (Mental i.). Mater¬ 
nal I. Centripetal i., a sensory impression car¬ 
ried by the afferent nerves from without inward 
toward the nerve=centres. 3. In dentistry, a 
negative likeness of an object or part taken in a 
plastic material from which a cast or positive 
likeness may be produced. I. cup or tray, a 
holder for the wax used in taking an impression 
of the jaw in making artificial teeth. [ < L. im- 
pri'mere to print, to imprint.] fini'Pres'sion- 
a-ble, as I. heart, a heart that is very liable to 
functional disorder. 

im-pres-so'ri um. The seat of impressions; the sen- 
sorium. [L.] 

im-pro'cre-ance. The condition of being unable to 
procreate, either natural, as in a woman after 
the menopause, or acquired, as after the removal 
of the ovaries, fini-pro'cre-ant. 

im-pa'be-ral. Without hair on the pubes; not 
arrived at adult age. [< L. in neg. + pu'ber of 
ripe age.] 

im'pulse. Motion produced by sudden communi¬ 
cated force, as Cardiac i. and Expiratory i.; an 
inclination which compels a person to do some¬ 
thing; incentive. [ < L. impel'lere to impel.] fim- 
pul'sive, as I. insanity, insanity marked by the 
sudden development of irresistible impulses that 
cause the patient to perform insane acts: and 7 . 
tic, a form of tic in which there are involuntary, 
violent, coordinated movements of a part or the 
whole of the body, accompanied by explosive 
utterances. 

im-punc'tate. Not punctate. 

im-pur'i-ty. i. Lack of purity, as Sexual i. 2. 
Lack of clearness: said of the sounds of the heart. 

im-pu-ta-bil'i-ty. Legal responsibility for wrong* 
doing, tim-puffa-ble, responsible for crime; doli 

CAPAX. 

im-pu-tres'ci-ble. Not liable to putrefy or become 
corrupt. 

im-u-bac'co. A form of tic. 7 . M. ’05.] 

In. Chemical symbol for indium. 

in. A Latin particle signifying “ in,” “ within,” 

“ into,” “on,” “ against,” as in di'e, daily. It is 
often negative, and sometimes intensive. Before 
b, m, and p the n is changed to m,— e. g., imbibe 
for inbibe, immobile for inmobile, impotent for in- 
poient, etc.; 1 before I it is changed to /,— e. g., 

29 


illicit for inlicit, etc.; and before r to r,— e. g.. 
irremediable for inremediable, etc. I. articulo 
mortis, at the point of death. I. si'tu, in its nat¬ 
ural position or place. I. yi'tro, within the glass; 
said of phenomena occurring in the reagent glass. 
I. vi'vo, occurring in the living body. [L.] 
in-a-cid'i-ty. Deficiency of hydrochloric acid in 
the gastric juice: a constant symptom of gastric 
cancer and inconstant in gastric catarrhs, perni¬ 
cious anaemia, toxic gastritis, etc. 
in-ac'ti-vate. To render inactive, fin-ac-ti-va'tion. 

I. tartaric acid = mesotartaric acid. 
in-ac'tive (in-ac'ti-va-ted) serum. A haemolytic or 
other immune serum in which the complement 
has been destroyed by heating at a temperature 
of 56° C. for 30 minutes. 

in-ac'tose. A kind of sugar contained in certain 
plants. It is optically inactive, 
in-ad'e-qua-cy. Lack of proper function; incom¬ 
petence; insufficiency, Incompetence of the 
valves; renal i. 

in-al-i-men'tal. Not affording aliment or nutriment, 
in-an-a-gen'e-sis. Muscular regeneration, or repro¬ 
duction of muscular fibre. [ < ig (gen. \v 6 g) fibre 
+ L. anagen'esis regeneration.] 
in-an'gu-late. Without angles, 
in-a-naph'y-sis. = Inanagenesis. 
in-an'i-mate. Lifeless: applied to both bodies that 
never lived and those that have died. [< L. in 
neg. + an'ima life.] 

in-a-ni'tion. Exhaustion or emptiness of the body, 
its viscera, or its vessels, from want of food; star¬ 
vation. Atrophy; marasmus. [< L. ina'nis 
empty.] 

in-an-tin'i al. Relating to the inion and the antinion. 
in-an‘ky-lo-glos'si a. Congenital or acquired immo¬ 
bility of the tongue. 

in-ap'pe-ten-cy. A want or loss of appetite; ano 
REXIA. [< L. in neg. + appe'tere to desire.] 
in-ar-tic'u-late. r. Having no articulation. 2. Not 
having distinct utterance, 
in artic'ulo mor'tis. ss-In. 

in-as-sim'i-la-ble. Not capable of being assimilated, 
in-as-sim-i-la'tion. Lack of assimilation, 
in-ax'on. A nerve*cell whose axis*cylinder has its 
arborization at a considerable distance from the 
cell. 

Inc. Abbr. for L. inci'de, cut (thou), or for L. inci'- 
sus, being cut. 

in-cal-lo'sal brain. A brain without a corpus callo¬ 
sum. The possessor is usually an idiot, 
in-can-des'cence. The glowing appearance of solids, 
liquids, or gases, when sufficiently heated; white 
heat. [< L. incandes'cere to grow very hot.] fin- 
can-des'cent. 

in-cap-su-la'tion. The state of being enclosed in a 
capsule. 

in-car'ce-ra-ted. Imprisoned: applied to the por¬ 
tion of the bowel or other substance confined by 
the stricture in strangulated hernia. I. hernia, 
HERNIA. I. placenta, a retained placenta. [< 
L. in in -I- car'cer prison.] 

in-car-ce-ra'tion. The act of confining or imprison¬ 
ing; unnatural confinement or retention of a 
part. Elastic i., confinement of an intestinal 
loop which has been pressed through a very 
narrow opening, pressure from the hernial sac 
making it too large to be drawn back. The 
, loop itself is empty and collapsed. I. of a hernia, 
HERNIA. Stercoral i., a hernia into the large 
intestine, the prolapsed part containing impacted 
fecal masses. 


INCARIAL BONE 


450 


INCOMPETENCE 


in-ca'rial bone. The bone of the Incas; the inter¬ 
parietal bon^, which now rarely occurs separate 
from the supra=occipital, but is reported to be 
rather common in the Peruvian mummies, 
in-car-na'tion. Growth of flesh or granulations; 
production of flesh. I. of the nail, ingrowing 
nail. [< L. in in or upon+ ca'ro (gen. car'nis) 
flesh.] tiii“Car'nant, promoting the granulation 
of wounds, in-car'na-tive. 

In'cas’bone. =Incarial bone. 
in-cen'di-a-ry monomania. =Pyromania. 
in-cer-nic'u-lum. The renal pelvis, into which the 
urine is strained from the renal papillae. [< L. 
incer'nere to strain.] 

in'ci-dence. i. The striking of one body or thing 
upon another. Angle of i.,the angle between the 
line of motion of a body or a ray of light and the 
straight line perpendicular to the plane against 
which it strikes. 2. The direction which a dis¬ 
ease ordinarily takes, viewing as the objective 
point those persons who for any reason may be 
expected to be subject to it. 
in'ci-dent nerve. An afferent nerve, 
in-cin-e-ra'tion. The act of burning to ashes. [< 
L. incinera're to bum to ashes.] fin-cin'er-a- 
ting. as I. plant, i®“ crematory, in-cin'er-a-tor. 
in-cip'i ent. Beginning. I. cataract, a cataract 
just forming, and consisting of opaque secretions 
with clear substances between them. [<L. 
incip'iens, fr. in into -|- cap'ere to take.] 
in-cise'. To cut, as with a knife. [< L. inci'dere 
to cut.] fiii'Ci'sal, a term applied to the cutting* 
edge of scissors. in-cised', as I. wound, a wound 
made by a cutting instrument, in-ci'sion. i. The 
cutting into the integuments or flesh with a 
cutting instrument. 2. A woimd made by cut¬ 
ting, especially an operation wound, 
in-ci'sive. i. Cutting, or capable of cutting. 2. 
Pertaining to the incisor teeth. I. bone = inter¬ 
maxillary BONE. I. canal, a canal in the superior 
maxillary bone opening in the incisive foramina 
below and in the nasal fossa above; canalis in- 
cisivus*-. I. foramen = FORAMEN iNcisivuM*. I. 
fossa. I. A shallow depression in the superior 
maxillary bone above the incisor teeth. 2. A 
similar depression in the inferior maxillary bone 
below the incisor teeth. I. nerve, the smallest of 
the two terminal divisions of the mandibular 
nerve supplying the canine and incisor teeth. 
I. teeth, the incisors. 

in-ci'sor. i. Any of the four middle teeth {dentes 
incisivi^) of each jaw, which have sharp cutting 
edges. 2. Relating to the incisor teeth. I. canal 
= iNcisiv E CANAL. I. fissure, the fissure between 
the intermaxillary bone and the superior maxil¬ 
lae. I. foramen = FORAMEN incisivum*. [L.] 
in-ci-su'ra*, pi. -rce. An incision; a notch. I. 
acetab'uli* = COTYLOID notch. I. cardi'aca* = 
cardiac notch. I. cartilag'inis mea'tus acus'- 
tici exter'ni [santori'ni]* = I. santorinii. I. 
cerebel'li, a notch at the posterior border of the 
cerebellum, between its two hemispheres, called 
pdsterior (I. cerebel'li poste'rior*) ; also one at the 
anterior border, called anterior (I. cerebel'li ante'- 
rior*). I. clavicula'ris* = CLAVICULAR notch. 
Incisu'rae costa'les*, notches along the sides of 
the sternum for the reception of the ribs. I. 
ethmoida'lis*=ETHMoiDAL notch. I. fibula'ris* 
= FiBULAR NOTCH. I. interloba'ris*, a deep 
fissure between the lobes of the lung. I. inter- 
trag'ica*, a notch in the pinna of the ear between 
the tragus and the antitragus. I. ischiad'ica 


Medullated 
Nerve - Fibre, 
Showing In- 

CISURES OF 

Schmidt and 
Lantermann. 


[< 


major* and minor*, the greater and the lesser 
sacrosciatic notch. I. jugula'ris*= intercla- 
vicular notch. I. lacrima'lis* = lachrymal 
notch. I. mandib'ulae* = sigmoid notch. 
I. marsupia'lis = I. cerebelli posterior*. I. 
mastoi'dea* = DIGASTRIC groove. I. nasa'lis* 
= nasal notch. I. parieta'lis* = parietal 
NOTCH. I. radia'lis*, the lesser sigmoid cavity. 
I. santori'nii, any one of several elliptical fissures 
in the external auditory meatus. I. scap'ulae* 
= SCAPULAR NOTCH. I. scmiluna'ris*, the greater 
SIGMOID CAVITY. I. sphenopala- 
ti'na*=SPHENOPALATINE NOTCH. 

1. tempora'lis, an impression on 
the mesial surface of the tem- 
porosphenoidal lobe of the brain 
near the vallecula of Sylvius and 
just external to the tentorial 
groove. I.tympan'ica[rivi'ni]* = 

Rivinius’s notch. I. umbili- 
ca'lis*, the anterior notch of the 
liver. 

in-ci'sure. A notch or incisura*. 

Is. of Schmidt and Lantermaim, 

oblique lines or slashes on the 
sheath of a medullated nerve* 
fibre. 

in-ci-to-mo'tor. Inciting muscular 
motion; causing muscles to act. 
in-cla-va'tion. The insertion of 
one part, as a tooth, into an¬ 
other, after the manner of a nail; gomphosis. 

L. in into -I- cla'vus a nail.] 
inclina'tio pel'vis. The pelvic incline. [ L.] 
in-cli-na'tion angle. i. The angle between the 
anterior pelvic wall and the conjugate diameter. 

2. The angle between the inferior pelvic strait 
and the plane of the horizon. 

in-cli-nom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring de¬ 
grees of inclination, as in the eye. 
in-clud'ed. Shut in; enclosed. I. foetus, a small 
parasitic foetus included within the body or in 
some tumor of its autositic twin. [< L. in with¬ 
in + clau'dere to close.] thi~clu'sion, the state 
of being enclosed. I. cyst, a cyst due to inclusion 
of a portion of the epiblast within the mesoblast, 
or of a blighted foetus within the body of another 
foetus. Fetal i., a monstrosity in which one foetus 
is enclosed within another, 
in-co-er'ci-ble vomiting. Uncontrollable vomiting, 
in-co-her'ence, in-co-her'en-cy. Lack of proper 
relation among words uttered. It may or may 
not be a sign of mental disease. tiii~C0"her'ent. 
in-com-bus'ti-ble. Incapable of burning, 
in-com-pat'i-ble. Literally, “ that cannot be suf¬ 
fered (or allowed) together”: said of drugs. 
Chemical incompatibles, .substances which act 
chemically upon each other and therefore cannot 
properly be prescribed together. Physical, phys¬ 
iological, or therapeutic is., substances whose 
physiological actions render it undesirable to 
administer them at the same time. [< L. in 
neg. -f- com'pati to suffer together.] fin-com-pat- 
i-bil'i-ty. 

in-com-pen-sa'tion. Failure to make up for some 
loss or defect. [< L. tn neg. + compensa're to 
compensate.] 

in-com'pe-tence, in-com'pe-ten-cy. Inability or in¬ 
sufficiency, whether mental, physical, or func¬ 
tional. I. of the valves, a defect of any of the 
cardiac valves, resulting in their incomplete 
closure and the consequent regurgitation of the 





INCOMPLETE ABORTION 


451 


INDIAN 


blood past them. It is distinguished as Aortic, 
Mitral, or Tricuspid according to the valves 
affected. Pyloric i., imperfect closure of the 
pylorus. [< L. incompeten'tia.] 
in-com-plete' abortion. One in which the mem¬ 
branes or placenta are retained. I. coitus or 
copulation = coNGRESsus interruptus. I. fis¬ 
tula, FISTULA. I. fracture, fracture in which 
the bone is not broken all the way through. I. 
hernia, ^hernia. I. inguinal hernia, ingui¬ 
nal HERNIA. I. osteotomy, an osteotomy in 
which the bone is only partially severed. I. pa¬ 
ralysis, paralysis in which the power of motion is 
not entirely lost. 

in-com-pres'sible. Not compressible, 
in-con-gru'i-ty. Lack of harmony or suitableness, 
in-con'ti-nence. i. Inability to retain natural evac¬ 
uations. 2. Lack of self-restraint, especially in 
sexual indulgence. Intermittent i., loss of con¬ 
trol over the urine on any sudden movement 
or pressure on the bladder, due to interruption 
of the voluntary path above the lumbar centre. 
Overflow i., incontinence of the urine associated 
with retention, due to the pressure of the retained 
urine on the bladder. Paralytic i., a continuous 
dribbling of urine and faeces, due to complete 
relaxation of the sphincters from destruction of 
the lumbar centres of the cord. [<L. inconti- 
nen'tia, fr. in neg. -f contine're to contain.] 
in-co-or-di-na'tion. Lack of coordination or adjust¬ 
ment; lack of due sequence among muscular 
motions. Jerky i., sudden and great irregularity 
of motions. 

in-cor-po-ra'tion. The mixing of particles of differ¬ 
ent bodies so that they appear to be formed into 
one body of a uniform consistence, 
in-cras-sa'tion. i. A thickening of the fluids or 
softer parts of the body. 2. The inspissation of 
fluids, as in pharmacy. 

in'cre-ment. Augmentation; increase; growth. [< 
L. incremen'tum, fr. incres'cere to increase.] 
in-cre-men'tal lines of Salter. Curved lines in the 
outer zone of dentin, due to lack of uniformity in 
calcification. 

in-crus-ta'tion. The formation of a crust; the act 
of covering with a crust, Ossification; pet¬ 
rifaction. [< L. in in -t- crus'ta crust.] 
in-cu-ba'tion. i. The process by which most birds 
hatch their eggs. 2. The period between the 
implanting of a dis¬ 
ease, or subjection to 
its causes, and its 
development; or the 
processes and changes 
which occur in the 
system after expos¬ 
ure to disease, by 
means of which the 
pathogenic organism 
gains access to the 
body, and before 
symptoms of definite 
disease appear. [< L. 
incuba're to sit on, as 
eggs.] fin'cu-ba-tive. 

in cu-ba-tor. An ap- Incubator 

paratus so construct¬ 
ed as to maintain a desired temperature, as that 
of human blood. Bacteriological i., an apparatus 
so constructed that bacteria placed therein are 
subjected to an equable temperature best adapted 
for their growth. Infant i. = couveuse. 



in'cu-bus. The nightmare. [ < L. incuba're to lie 
or sit upon.] 

in'cu-dal. Pertaining to the incus, 
in-cu-dec'to-my. Excision of the incus, 
in-cu'di-form. Anvil-shaped. 

in-cu'di us. The muscle or ligament called the 
laxator tympani. [L.] 

in‘cu-do-mal-le'di al, in-cu-mal'le al. Relating to the 
incus and the malleus. fiJ^’cn-do-sta-pe'di al, 
relating to the incus and the stapes, in'cu-do- 
tym-pan'ic, relating to the incus and the tym¬ 
panum. 

in’cu-ne-a'tion. i. Impaction of the fetal head. 2. 
= Gomphosis*. 

in-cur'a-ble. Not susceptible of cure, 
in-cur'vate. Bent or curved inward; incurved, 
f in-cur-va'tion, a bowing or bending: applied to 
the back, the fingers, etc. 

in'cus*. The middle and most robust of the ossicles 
of the internal ear: so named from its fancied 
resemblance to a smith’s anvil. It consists of a 
body, a long, and a short process. [L., “ anvil.”] 
in'cu-sta-pe'di al, -pe'dic. = Incudostapedial. 
in'cu-tym-pan'ic. = Incudotympanic. 
in-da-con'i-tine. = Pseudaconitine. 
in-da-ga'tion. A careful examination, whether dig¬ 
ital or not. [<L. indaga'tio.] 
in'da-zol, in'da-zin. A crystalline substance, CyHgNg, 
produced from hydrazin-cinnamic acid, 
in-de'cent exposure, ts- Exhibitionism. 
in-den-ta'tion. The condition of being marked, 
notched, or toothed; the state of being marked 
by the teeth, as of the tongue in anaemia, 
in-de-ter'mi-nate respiration. Broncho vesicular res¬ 
piration of the-most pronounced vesicular type, 
in'dex, pi. in'dices. i. The finger next to the 
thumb; the first finger, or forefinger. I.sfinger = 
index, def. I. 2. The numerical ratio of the 
measurement of any part in comparison with a 
fixed standard: much used in craniometry. For 
specially named varieties see the adjectives. I. 
of breadth = cephalic index. I. of height = 
VERTICAL INDEX. I. hypermetropia or I. hy¬ 
peropia, hyperopia due to a diminution of the 
index of refraction of the eye-media. I. medi- 
cus, a monthly classified record of the current 
medical literature of the world: published by 
the Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C. I. 
movement, a compulsory movement in which the 
animal turns around like the hands of a clock: 
due to lesion of the corpora quadrigemina. I.s 
myopia, myopia caused by an increase of the in¬ 
dex of refraction of the eye media, Second 
SIGHT. Opsonic L, opsonic. I. of refraction, 
the refractive activity of any medium (as the 
media of the eye) compared with that of air. 
In'diasink stain = Burri’s method. I. ringworm, 
= Tinea imbricata. I.srubber = caoutchouc. 

1. srubber pelvis, an osteomalacic pelvis the bones 
of which may be stretched without breaking; 
caoutchouc pelvis. I.srubber suture, a harelip or 
twisted suture in which small rubber rings are 
used instead of strings. 

In'dian. i. Relating to the inhabitants of India. 

2. Relating to the American Indians. I.sbow 
paralysis, paralysis of thethyro-arytenoid muscles. 
I. cholera = cholera, Asiatic. I. corn = ZEA 
MAYS. I. hemp = Cannabis indic A*. I. licorice, 
the plant A'brus precato'rius. I. meal = corn 
MEAL. I. method or operation of rhinoplasty, 
rhinoplasty in which the flap for the new nose is 
taken from the forehead. I. poke = Veratrum 
































































INDICAN 


452 


INDOL 


viRiDE. I. ringworm = Tinea imbricata. I. 
rubber = caoutchouc. I. sage, thoroughwort, 
or boneset, Eupato'rium perfolia'tum. I. tobacco 
== Lobelia*. I. yellow, a pigment manufactured 
from a yellow substance of India called purree, 
which is probably the juice of some plant, but by 
some is said to be obtained from camels’ urine, 
in'di-can. i. A yellow, amorphous substance or 
principle, CaoHgjNOjy, obtained from I'satii, tinc- 
to'ria and other plants which furnish indigo. 2. 
A substance, CgH^NSO^, found in the urine and 
sweat; indoxylsulphuric acid, 
in'di-cant. i. Serving as an index or guide in 
treatment. 2. A symptom or a fact which 
points out the true diagnosis or the proper 
remedy in a case. 

in‘di-ca-nu'ri a. The presence of an excessive 
amount of. indican in the urine. Jaffe’s test. 
[< Indican+ oL'poF urine.] 
in-di -ca'tion. That which indicates or points out 

what ought to be done by the practitioner. It 
may be Causal {Indica'tio causa'Us), furnished by 
the cause of the disease; Morbid (/. mor'hi), 
furnished by the nature of the disease itself; or 
Symptomatic (I. symptom at'tea) furnished by the 
symptoms. [< L. indica're to point out.] 
in'di -ca-tor. I. = Extensor iNDicis. 2. A sub¬ 
stance used to indicate the condition of the 
chemical to which it is added, especially one 
showing acidity and alkalinity, as litmus, 
in'di-co-phose. A phose of indigo color, 
in-dif'fer-ent. Not preferring one thing to another; 
impartial; neutral. , I. cell, a cell which has no 
characteristic structure, especially one found in a 
tissue but not forming an essential part of the 
structure. I. point, a point on the nerve where 
there is nb change in the electric excitability. I. 
tissue, mucoid connective tissue. 

In-di-ful'vin. A brittle, brownish resin, formed by 
heating indican with dilute acids, 
in-di-fus'ein. A brownish, amorphous substance, 
CgjHgoNgOg, produced by treating indican with 
dilute acids. 

in-dig'e-nous. Native to a country or place; abo¬ 
riginal. [ < L. indu for in in -1- gig'nere to beget, 
to produce.] 

in-di-ges'tion. The disease of dyspepsia; a failure 
of the power to digest food. Gastricism. 
fin-di-ges'ti-ble, difficult to digest. [< L. in neg. 
-f dige'rere to set in order, to digest.] 
in-dig-i-ta'tion. The passing or thrusting of one 
part of the intestines into another, the entering 
part being compared to a finger. ^Intussus¬ 
ception. [< L. in into-1- dig'itus finger.] 
In-di-glu'cin. A yellowish, syrupy compound, 
CgHjgOg, derived from in dican. 
in-dig-na-bun'dus. The rectus externus muscle of 
the eye, from the expression of anger or scorn 
which the action of this muscle imparts. [< L. 
indigna'ri to be indignant.] 
in'di-go. A blue coloring matter extracted from 
Indigof'era tincto'ria, the anil or indigo^plant, 
I'satis tincto'ria, Gale'ga tincto'ria, and other 
species of plants. It was formerly used in medi¬ 
cine, and especially in cases of epilepsy. The 
indigo of commerce contains from 50% to 90% 
of pure indigo (indigotin). I.sblue, pure indigo; 
indigotin, CigHjoNgOgt the chief constituent of 
the indigo of commerce. I.sbrown = indiretin. 
I.scarmin, sodium or potassium sulphindigotate: 
used as a histological stain and in the indigo=^ 
carmin test for sugar, which is performed by boil¬ 


ing indigoscarmin with the suspected liquid, 
when the blue color is changed to red or yellow 
if sugar is present. I.sred = indirubin. I.ssul- 
phuric acid, soluble indigosblue used as a reagent 
and in dyeing. I.sweed = Baptisia tinctoria. 
I.swhite, a colorless, crystalline substance, 
CigHjoNjOj, obtained by reducing indigo=blue; 
indigogen. 

in'di-go-gen. = Indigoswhite. 
in'di-go-tate. A combination of indigotic acid with 
a base. 

in-di-go'tic acid. A crystalline substanco, C5H5- 
NO5, formed by treating indigo with boiling dilute 
nitric acid; anilic acid; nitrosalicylic acid, 
in'di-go-tin. = Indigo=blue. 
in-di-gu'ri a. The presence of indigo in the urine, 
in-di-hu'min. A brown substance, CjgHgNOg, formed 
by decomposing indican. 

in'din. A rose^red crystalline compound, CjgHjgN^- 
Og, isomeric with indigosblue. 
in-di-rect'. Not direct; acting through some me¬ 
dium. I. ballottement, ballottement. I. 
cell=division= KARYOKiNESis. I. diuretic, a diu¬ 
retic which acts not by directly stimulating the 
secreting elements of the kidney, but by relieving 
compression or congestion and thus giving the 
secreting elements a chance to act. I. electri¬ 
zation, electrization of a muscle by holding one 
electrode over the motor point of the muscle and 
the other over some indifferent point. I. emetic, 
EMETIC. I. emmenagogue, emmenagogue. 
I. excitation, excitation. I. mode, the doc¬ 
trine which teaches that the fibres of white 
fibrous tissue are formed within a matrix, the 
cellular elements playing an indirect part in the 
transformation by producing that matrix, 
Direct mode. I. murmur, a murmur caused by 
the blood flowing in a direction opposite to that 
of the normal flow. I. necrosis, ks* necrosis. I. 
reflex = CROSSED reflex. I. respiration = tis- 
sue=respiration. I. segmentation = karyoki- 
NESis. I. transfusion, ^ transfusion. I. violence, 
force applied not immediately to the part injured, 
but to some part connected with it. I. vision = 

PERIPHERAL VISION. 

in-di-re'tin. A brown, resinous substance, 

NOg, produced by the action of dilute acids on 
indican; indigosbrown. 

in-di-ru'bin. A red substance, CjgHjgNgOj, isomeric 
with indigo*blue; indigo^red. 
in-dis-crim'i-nate lesion. A lesion involving two or 
more distinct systems, as the motor and sensory 
tracts of the spinal cord, 
in'di-sin. =Mauveine. 

in-dis-po-si'tion. The state of being ill or slightly 
diseased, t'^-dis-posed'. 

in'di um. A rare metal discovered in blende: sp. gr., 
about 7.4; at. wt., 113.1: symbol. In. It is soft 
and ductile, and of a bluish, silvery color. 
[ Named from the indigo^blue line it presents in 
the spectrum.] 

in-di-vid'u al. A single person, organism, or being; 
a being that cannot be divided without destroy¬ 
ing one or both parts. 

in-do-coe'eus. A minute bacterial coccus found in 
the mouth: it gives a blue color with iodine, 
in'do-gen. The divalent radical, CgH^NO, supposed 
to be the base of indigo. 

in'do-in. A blue coloring matter derived from com¬ 
pounds containing isatin. 

in'dol. A crystalline compound, CgH^N, derivable 
from indigo, but existing in the intestines as a 


INDOLENT 


453 


INFARCTION 


product of the putrefaction of the proteids. It is 
useful in staining certain vegetable celUtissues for 
microscopy. ^Skatol. [< Indigo + alcohol.] 
in'do-lent. Nearly free from pain; giving little or 
no pain. I. bubo, k^bubo. I. ulcer, an ulcer 
with a concave surface and an elevated, dis¬ 
colored edge, with a fetid discharge rather serous 
than purulent, and having scanty granulations. 
[ < L. in neg. + dole're to be in pain, to suffer.] 
in'do-lin. A palesyellow crystalline substance, Cig- 
derived from indigo^white. 
in'door relief. The accommodation of the sick poor 
in hospitals or of the indigent in poor-houses, 
in-do-syn'clo-nus. =Beriberi. [< Indian 4 -syn- 

CLONUS.] 

in-dox'yl. A soluble oil, CgH^NO, isomeric with 
oxindole; produced by the oxidation of indol 
and sometimes found in urine (in'dox-yl-u'ri a). 
[< ivdiKOv indigo + b^'vg sharp.] 
in-dox-yl'ic acid. A white crystalline compound, 
C,H,N 03 . 

in-dox'yl-sul-phu'ric acid. = Indican, def. 2. fin- 
dox-yl-sul'phate. 

in-duc'tion. The act or process of inferring or 
establishing a general proposition from several 
particular ones; also the proposition thus estab¬ 
lished. In electricity, induction is the influence 
which an electrified body or a current, without 
the transfer of any part of its charge, exerts 
through a non-conducting medium upon an adja¬ 
cent body whereby the latter is electrified. The 



Induction Coil. 


effects thus produced are called inductive or in¬ 
duced electricity.or current, or far'adism. I. coil, 
an apparatus for inducing a current. It consists 
of a coil of coarse wire {primary coil) containing 
an iron core and surrounded by a long coil of 
fine wire {secondary coil). When a galvanic cur¬ 
rent is started or stopped in the primary coil, a 
current is induced in the secondary coil. [< L. 
indu'cere to lead into or on.] fin-duced, as I. 
abortion, abortion; I. current or electricity, 
INDUCTION, above; /. = folie A deux; 

I. labor, labor brought on by outside interference; 
I. lethargy, the lethargy brought about by hyp¬ 
notism; and/, trance, the trance brought on by 
hypnotism, in-duc'ing, as I. cwrrewi = primary 
CURRENT. in-duc'tive, capable of leading to; 
inferring, or persuading by induction; produced 
by induction. 

in-duc'to-gram. = Rontgenogram. 

in-duc-tom'e-ter. An instrument for determining 
the degree of electrical induction. 


in-duc-to'ri um. An apparatus for producing in¬ 
duced currents That of Dubois-Reymond is 
commonly used in physiological experiments, 
in'du-lin. A blue coal-tar dye; it occurs in an 
alcohol-soluble and a water-soluble form. tin- 
du-lin'o-phile, readily taking up indulin stains, 
in-du-ra'tion. The state or process of hardening of 
the tissues from any cause; the hardening of any 
part from the effect of disease; any spot or 
tract of abnormally hardened tissue, ts- Sclero¬ 
sis. For specially named varieties see the ad¬ 
jectives. I. of the liver —HEPAR induratum. 
[<L. indura're to harden.] fin'du-rate, in'du- 
ra-ted, as I. bubo, indolent bubo; and I. chancre 
or sore, a hard ch.a.ncre. in'du-ra-tive, as I. head¬ 
ache, one due to infiltrations and deposits in the 
muscles, especially of the head and neck, in-du- 
res'cent, gradually becoming hard, 
in-du'si um. A thin layer of gray substance above 
the corpus callosum; indusium griseum. It is a 
continuation of the cortex of the fornicate gyrus. 
[ L., fr. indu'ere to put on.] 
in-e-bri-a'tion, in-e-bri'e-ty. A state of drunken¬ 
ness; intoxication, Alcoholism. [<L. in 
intensive + e'brius drunk.] f in-e'bri ant. 
in-e'ine. A non-poisonous alkaloid from the seeds 
of Strophan'thus his'pidus. [< in'ee, an African 
name for the plant.] 
in-e-las'tic. Not elastic. 

in-e-nu'cle-a-ble. Not capable of being enucleated, 
in-er'tia. Inactivity, as of a medicine; failure of 
functional or contractile powers, as of muscle, 
bladder, uterus, or intestine. I. time, k^time. 
I. u'teri, atony of the uterus during and after 
labor, resulting in sluggishness of its contractions. 
[L., fr. in'ers inactive.] tiii-®rt', inactive; sloth¬ 
ful; indolent; sluggish; destitute of mobility; 
not active, as a medicine. 

in-ev'i-ta-ble abortion. One in which the embryo 
or foetus is dead or there is an extensive rupture 
of the ovum. 

in ex-tre'mis. At the point of death. [L., “in the 
extremes.”] 

Inf. Abbr. for L. infun'de, pour in. 
in'fant. Originally, a child so young as to be 
unable to speak; now applied somewhat indefi¬ 
nitely to any young child. In law, one under 
age, usually under 21 years of age. [< L. 
in'fans, fr. in neg. -f- fans speaking.] 
in-fan'ti-cide. 1. The act of killing an infant. 2. 
One who kills, murders, or destroys an infant. 
[< L. in'fans child-{-cce'dere to kill.] 
in'fan-tile. Pertaining to infants or to infancy. I. 
cataract, cataract due to rickets or convulsions 
in childhood. I. convulsions or eclampsia, infan¬ 
tile ECLAMPSIA. I. hernia. i. A variety of 
oblique inguinal hernia in which the bowel de¬ 
scends into the funicular portion of the vaginal 
process of the peritoneum. 2. Encysted hernia. 

Inguinal hernia. I. hydrocele, hydro¬ 
cele. I. hydrocephalus, HYDROCEPHALUS. I. 
leucorrhoea, Leucorrhcea. I. paralysis, acute 
anterior poliomyelitis. I. psoriasis = psoriasis 
INFANTILIS. I. scurvy, SCURVY. I. spasmodic 
paraplegia, a variety of birth-palsy due to injury 
at birth, prenatal hemorrhage or malformation 
of the brain. I. syphilis, syphilis. 
in-fan'ti-lism. Incomplete development, especially 
sexually, Progeri.\. 

in-farc'tion. An obstruction caused by overloaded 
vessels or by an infarct; the production oli an 
infarct. Embolic i., the necrosed condition pro' 


























INFECTION 


454 


INFLAMMATORY 


duced in the region of distribution of an end* 
artery by its obstruction by an embolus. When 
the tissue is red from hemorrhage into the tis¬ 
sues, it is called Hemorrhagic i. ; when there is 
no hemorrhage and the necrosed tissue is of a 
light color, it is called White i. or Anaemic i. I. 
of the kidney, an accumulation of salts or pig¬ 
ments in the tissues of the kidney, especially the 
pyramids. I. of the lung, hemorrhage into the 
lung. I. of the uterus, hypertrophy of the uterus 
due to connective tissue hyperplasia: practically 
identical with chronic metritis. [ < L. infarci're 
to fill in or stuff in.] an infarction; a 

plug which causes a congested state, ts- Embolus. 
m-fec'tion. i. The entrance into the animal body 
from without of living matter of a microparasitic 
nature, capable of multiplying within the living 
tissues and producing in consequence thereof a 
local or a general diseased condition and possibly 
the death of the individual. Infection is often 
used in the restricted sense of transmission of 
affections without direct contact of individuals, 
in contradistinction to contagion, which then 
implies transmission by direct contact. For 
varieties of infection see the adjectives. 2. The 
agent by which a communicable disease is con¬ 
veyed; a contagium. [< L. infic'ere to infect.] 
fin-fect'ing, as I. chancre, chancre, in-fec-ti- 
os'i-ty. in-fec'tious, in-fec'tive, capable of ex¬ 
tension by infection; contagious; corrupting; 
easily communicated, as I. angioma =^njews 
lupus; I. embolism, embolism; I. endocarditis, 
ulcerative endocarditis: I. laryngitis, laryngitis 
due to infectious processes; septic laryngitis: and 
/. = MALIGNANT oiDEMA. In-fec-tiv'i-ty. 

m-fe-cun'di-ty. = Sterility. 
in'fe-rent. = Afferent. 

in-fe'ri or. Growing or existing below some other 
organ; more distant from the head or apex. 13 - 
Superior. I. calcaneocuboid ligament, calca¬ 
neocuboid LIGAMENTS. I. calcaneoscaphoid lig¬ 
ament, r 3 -CALCANEOSCAPHOID LIGAMENTS. I. Ca- 

rotid triangle, t3- carotid triangle. I. cceliec- 
tomy, ccELiECTOMY. I. curved line, ^curved 
LINE. I. frontal convolution, £ 3 -frontal convo¬ 
lution. I. ganglion = ganglion inferius. I. 
ligament of the glottis, one of the inferior or true 
vocal bands. I. ligament of the malleus, t3- lig¬ 
ament OF THE MALLEUS. I. maxilla = MANDI¬ 
BLE. I. medullary velum, £ 3 -medullary velum. 
I. nuclear paralysis = bulbar paralysis. I. 
oblique muscle = obliquus inferior. I. olive, 
the olivary body. I. pancreaticoduodenal artery, 
^pancreaticoduodenal arteries. I. pedun¬ 
cles, £3- peduncles of the brain. I. pelvis, the 
true pelvis. I. posterior tubercle = anapophysis. 
I. pyramidal decussation, £3- decussation of the 
pyramids. I. sinuous line == sinuous line. I. 
temporal convolution, £3- temporal convolu¬ 
tions. I. thoracic artery, the external mammary 
ARTERY. I. thyroid artery, plexus, and vein, £3- 
thyroid. I. thyrosarytenoid ligament, the true 
vocal bands. I. turbinated bone, £3- turbinated 
bones. I. vermiform artery, £3- vermiform. 
in'fe-ro-. Below; inferior: a combining form. 
[ < Inferior.] m‘fe-ro=an-teTi or, situated be¬ 
low and before some other organ.— inffe-ro- 
fron'tal convolution = subfrontal convolu¬ 
tion. — in‘fe-ro-lat'e-ral fissure = calcarine 
FISSURE. — in*fe-ro-me'di an, situated below and 
on the median line.— inffe-ro-pos-te'ri or, situ¬ 
ated below and behind some other organ. 


in-fib-u-la'tion. The operation of fastening the 
foreskin so that it cannot be drawn back from 
the head of the penis; or the pinning up of the 
orifice of the vulva in order to preserve virginity: 
operations practised by some barbarous tribes 
upon their youth. [< L. in in -|- fib'ula clasp.] 
in-fil'trate. That material which has been depos¬ 
ited in a tissue by infiltration. [< L. in in -H 
fil'trum strainer.] fin-fil'tra-ted. 
in-fil-tra'tion. i. A straining of fluid substances 
into the areolae or cellular tissue of a structure; 
the diffusion of any solid or fluid morbid product 
in the midst of tissueselements, as seen in fatty 
infiltration. 2. An infiltrate. For specially named 
varieties of infiltration see the adjectives. I. 
anaesthesia, £3 -Schleich’s infiltration anes¬ 
thesia. [< L. infUtra'tio.] 
in'fi-nite distance. A visual distance so great as to 
require practically no accommodative effort (as in 
microscopy, 10 inches), or practically no effort of 
convergence (as in ophthalmology, 20 ft.), 
in-fir'ma-ry. A small hospital or room set apart 
for the sick; a dispensary or establishment for 
the outdoor aid of the sick. [<L. infirma'rium.] 
fin-fir-ma'ri an, a nurse or attendant in an in¬ 
firmary. 

in-fir'mi-ty. Any disease which has become habit¬ 
ual or chronic; an unsound state of body; debility, 
in-fis-tu-la'tion. Conversion into or penetration by 
a fistula. 

in-flamed'. In a state of inflammation I. hernia, 
hernia in which the protruded parts are inflamed. 
I. ulcer, an ulcer marked by painful, oedematous 
edges, swollen granulations, and a purulent dis¬ 
charge. 

in-flam'ma-ble. Capable of being easily set on fire. 
£ 3 - Naphtha. 

in-flam-ma'tion. The local reaction to actual irri¬ 
tation, or to referred injury, usually bacterial in 
origin, but sometimes physical or chemical, which 
tends to counteract the injurious agent or repair 
its deleterious effects; the condition of hypersemia, 
exudation, and degenerative or proliferative tis- 
sue=changes manifested by the cardinal symptoms 
of CelsHS, ru'bor (redness), do'lor (pain), ca'lor 
(heat), and tu'mor (swelling), to which list the 
fifth symptom of func'tio Ice'sa (impaired func¬ 
tion) was added by later writers. Inflammation 
spreading from one to another continuing part is 
known as I. per coniinuita'tem, and when to a 
contiguous part as I. per contiguita'tem. 
in-flam'ma-to-ry. Belonging to inflammation; tend¬ 
ing to inflame; phlogistic. I. .blush, erythema. 
I. buff = BUFFY COAT. I. corpuscles = Gluge’ s 
CORPUSCLES. I. crust = BUFFY COAT. I. dyS- 
menorrhoea, £3 -dysmenorrhcea. I. exudation, 
the exudate from an inflamed part. I. fever, 
fever resulting from or accompanying inflamma¬ 
tion. I. focus, the central spot of an inflamed 
part or surface, at which suppuration begins. I. 
fungoid neoplasm, mycosis fungoides. I. idiocy, 
traumatic idiocy. I. infiltration, an infiltration 
formed by an inflammatory exudation penetrat¬ 
ing the interstices of the tissue. I. lesion, any 
lesion due to inflammation. I. lymph, exudation 
due to inflammation. I. oedema, the local 
oedema of areolar tissue at the site of inflamma¬ 
tion; oedema calidum. I. rheumatism, £3 -rheu¬ 
matism. I. softening, £3 - softening of the brain. 
I. tissue, tissue formed during inflammation. I. 
zone. I. The gangrenous area within the line of 
demarcation. 2. The line of demarcation. 


INFLATED 


455 


INFRA- 


in-fla'ted. Turgid and bladdery; filled with air, as 
the airsvesicles. [< L. in in+ -fla're to blow.] 
in-fla'tiii. A colorless, crystalline neutral principle 
obtained from Lohe'lia infla'ta. 
in-flec'ted, in-flexed'. Abruptly bent inward. I. 
convolution, a V*shaped convolution around the 
inflected fissure. I. fissure, an inconstant inden¬ 
tation on the dorsal margin of the cerebrum just 
in front of the fissure of Rolando. I. muscle, a 
muscle which passes over an osseous or a carti¬ 
laginous pulley. [< L. in in -h fiec'tere to bend.] 
in-flec'tion, in-flex'ion, the act of bending in¬ 
ward ; the condition of being bent in. 
m-flu-en'za. An extremely contagious epidemic 
and pandemic infectious disease of low mortality 
caused by Pfeiffer’s Bacil'lus influen'zcB and char¬ 
acterized by profound prostration during the 
attack and often by longscontinued depression of 
spirits after it; la grippe; grippe. The usual 
types described are respiratory, nervous, gastro» 
intestinal, and febrile, but the symptoms vary 
greatly. [Ital., “influence,” as if due to some 
atmospheric influence.] fin-flu-en'zal, as I. men¬ 
ingitis, meningitis resulting from influenza, 
in'fra-. Below; beneath; under; sub-: a combining 
form. [L.] in-frasa-nom'a-ly, suprasanom- 
ALY. in-fra=ax'il-la-ry, beneath the axilla, as 
I. region, a triangular space below the axilla, 
bounded by the latissimus dorsi and the edge 
of the pectoralis major.— inffra-cla-vic'u-lar, be¬ 
neath the clavicle, as I. fossa, the triangular de¬ 
pression beneath the clavicle; I. glands = subcla¬ 
vian glands: I. region, the region of the front of 
the chest below the clavicle: and 7. triangle, a tri¬ 
angle bounded by the clavicle, the anterior 
border of the deltoid, and the upper border of 
the pectoralis major.— in-fra-com'mis-sure, the 
inferior commissure of the brain.— in'fra-con- 
stric'tor, the inferior constrictor muscle of the 
pharynx.— in-fra-cor'ti-cal, situated beneath the 
cortex; subcortical.— in-fra-cos'tal, situated or 
occurring beneath a rib, as 7. artery, a branch of 
the internal mammary artery to the ribs: and 7. 
muscle = iNFRACosTALis. — in‘fra-cos-ta'lis, pi. 
infracosta'les, one of a series of muscles arising 
from the under side of a rib and inserted into the 
first, second, or third rib below.— inffra-di-a- 
phrag-mat'ic, situated below the diaphragm.— 
in-fra-gle'noid tubercle, a rough tubercle on the 
axillary border of the scapula, below the glenoid 
cavity, for attachment to the long head of the 
triceps muscle.— in-fra-glot'tic, situated below 
the glottis, as 7. laryngoscopy, examination of the 
interior of the larynx by a mirror introduced 
through an opening into it.— in-fra-hy'oid, sit¬ 
uated below the hyoid bone, as 7. artery, a small 
twig given off from the superior thyroid artery 
and running along the lower edge of the hy¬ 
oid bone; hyoid artery: and 7. region, the space 
between the sternocleidomastoid muscles, the 
hyoid bone, and the sternum.— in-frasin'gui-nal 
region, the region below the groin.— in‘fra-la-bi- 
a'lis, the depressor labii inferioris muscle.— in- 
fra-mam'ma-ry region, the space between the 
median line of the body, the margins of the false 
ribs, a vertical line through the spine of the 
pubis, and a horizontal line at the level of the up¬ 
per margin of the xiphoid cartilage.— in*fra-man- 
dib'u-lar nerve = inframaxillary nerve. — in- 
fra-mar'gi-nal convolution, that portion of the 
temporosphenoidal lobe which is included be¬ 
tween the sylvian fissure and the supertemporal 


fissure; first or superior temporosphenoidal con¬ 
volution.— in-fra-max'il-la-ry. i. Situated or 
occurring under the jaw, as 7. foramen, the infe¬ 
rior dental canal: 7. ganglion, either of two ganglia 
on the inferior maxillary nerve, an anterior, 
situated near the incisor teeth, and a posterior, 
near the last molar: 7. g/a«ff= submaxillary 
gland; 7. nerve, the inferior maxillary division 
of the trifacial nerve: and 7. neuralgia, neuralgia 
of the inframaxillary nerve. 2 . The lower jaw* 
bone or mandible.— in-fra-na'sal depression = 
PHiLTRUM*, def. I. in'frasob-li'quus, the obliquus 
inferior muscle of the eyeball.— in-fra=or'bi-tal, in- 
fra=or'bI-tar, in-fra=or'bi-ta-ry, situated beneath 
the orbit of the eye, as 7. artery, a branch of the 
internal maxillary artery distributed to the lower 
eyelid, upper lip, and side of the nose: 7. canal, a 
canal continuous with the infra=orbital groove on 
the orbital surface of the superior maxillary bone 
and opening into the orbital foramen: 7. fissure, 
(i) the sphenomaxillary fissure; ( 2 ) the sub¬ 
orbital fissure; 7. foramen, a large foramen in 
the outer surface of the superior maxillary bone 
transmitting the infra*orbital vessels and nerves: 
7. groove, a groove on the orbital surface of the 
superior maxillary bone: 7. nerve, the third 
branch of the temporofacial division of the facial 
nerve, emerging from the parotid gland above 
Stenson’s duct and dividing into several branches: 
7. neuralgia, neuralgia of the infra*orbital nerve: 
7. plexus, a nerve=plexus formed under the deep 
surface of the zygomatic and levator labii supe- 
rioris muscles by the intercommunication of the 
branches of the infra*orbicular and of the supe¬ 
rior maxillary division of the fifth nerve: and 
7. vein, a branch of the inferior ophthalmic vein 
from the upper part of the face.— inffra-pa-tel'- 
lar, situated beneath the patella.— in-fra-pu'- 
bi an (in-fra-pu'bic) foramen, the obturator fora¬ 
men. 7. /iFrnta= OBTURATOR HERNIA.— in-fra- 
rec'tus, the rectus inferior muscle of the eye.— 
in-fra=red', below the red of the spectrum: ap¬ 
plied to wave*lengths of light longer than any of 
the visible spectrum. — in-fra-ri'mal, below the 
rima glottidis. — in-fra-scap'u-lar, below the 
shoulder*blade, as 7. artery, a branch of the dor¬ 
sal scapular artery to the scapula, the subscapu- 
laris, and the shoulder*joint: and 7. region, the 
region on the back of the thorax below the scap¬ 
ulae.— in‘fra-ser-ra'tus, the serratus posticus in¬ 
ferior muscle.— in‘fra-spi-na'tus, a muscle arising 
from the infraspinous fossa and inserted into the 
great tuberosity of the humerus. It rotates the 
humems outward. 7. reflex, simultaneous out¬ 
ward rotation of the arm and straightening of the 
elbow on tapping a point on the shoulder*blade 
on a line bisecting the angle formed by the 
.spine of the bone and its inner border.— in- 
fra-spi'nous, situated below the spine of the 
scapula, as 7. fascia, a membrane attached to the 
edge of the infraspinous fossa, covering the infra¬ 
spinatus muscle and giving attachment to some 
of its fibres: and 7. fossa, the lower of the two 
recesses into which the posterior surface of the 
scapula is divided.— in-fra-ster'nal, beneath the 
sternum, as 7. depression or fossa, the pit of the 
stomach.— in-fra-tem'po-ral, beneath the tem¬ 
poral bone. — in'fra-tho-rac'ic, situated below 
the thorax.— in-fra-ton'sil-lar, situated below 
the tonsil; said of glands at the base of the 
tongue.— in-fra-tro-chan-ter'ic, below the tro¬ 
chanter.— in-fra-troch'le ar, situated below the 


INFRACTION 


INGUINAL 


4r)() 


trochlea, as I. nerve, a branch of the nasal nerve 
distributed to the lachrymal sac and the skin 
and conjunctiva of the inner part of the eye.— 
in-fra-tur'bi-nal, the inferior turbinal bone.— in¬ 
fra-vag'i-nal, below the vaginal junction, 
in-frac'tion. The breaking inward of a part of the 
skull or the partial fracture of a long bone, espe¬ 
cially in rhachitic children, 
in-fre'quent pulse. A pulse with unusually few 
beats per minute, ts- Slow pulse. 
in-fric'tion. A thorough rubbing of an ointment or 
embrocation upon the surface of the skin. [ < L. 
injrica're to rub in.] 

in-fun-dib'u-la. PI. of infundibulum*. 
in-fun-dib'u-lar, in-fun-dib'u-li-form. Funnel* 
shaped. I. fascia, the internal spermatic fascia, 
which with the intercolumnar fascia encloses the 
cremaster. I. gland, the infundibulum of the 
brain. I. pregnancy, tubal pregnancy in the in¬ 
fundibulum (def. 7). I. process, the process of 
the transversalis fascia which forms the infundib¬ 
ular fascia. [<L. infundib'ulum funnel.] 
in-fun-dib‘u-loso-va'ri an ligament. A fibrous band 
passing between the ovary and the infundibulum 
of the oviduct in the ovarian fimbria. 
in-fun-dib*u-lo-pel'vic ligament. A peritoneal fold 
passing between the ovary or the infundibulum 
and the pelvis; ligamentum suspensorium ovarii, 
in-fun-dib'u-lum*, pi. infundib'ula. A funnel: ap¬ 
plied to (i) the canal leading from the third cere¬ 
bral ventricle to the pituitary gland [BNA]; (2) 
in the plural, the funnebshaped compartments of 
the duct of the kidney connecting.the calyces 
with the pelvis; (3) a passage connecting the 
anterior ethmoid cells and the frontal sinus with 
the middle meatus of the nose; (4)= conus 
ARTERIOSUS*; (5) a small cavity at the upper end 
of the canal of the cochlea; (6) any one of the 
elongated sacs in which the smallest air*passages 
terminate; (7) the cavity formed by the fimbriae 
of the oviduct. [< L. infun'dere to pour in ] 
in-fu'sa*. PI. of infusum: infusa, according to 
the U. S. P., are to correspond to 5% of the 
crude drug unless otherwise directed, 
in-fuse', i. To pour in or upon. 2. To steep; to 
make an infusion of. 

in-fu'si-ble. Incapable of being fused. [< L. in 
notfun'dere to pour, to pour out, to melt.] 
in-fu'sion. i. Extraction by steeping. 2. = In¬ 
fusum. 3. The washing out with medicinal sub¬ 
stances, without especial pressure, in contrast to 
INJECTION. Different forms are interstitial, par¬ 
enchymatous, hypodermic, and intravenous. 4. 
Transfusion, especially of salt solution, as in 
shock or hemorrhage. 

in-fu’so-de-coc'tion. An infusion and a decoction 
of the same substance mixed together, 
in-fu'sor. An apparatus for slowly injecting a fluid 
into a vein. 

Infuso'ria. i. The class of Protozo'a provided 
with cilia: these are uniformly present in the 
order Cilia'ta, but only in the young forms in the 
order Tentaculif'era, being replaced by tentacles 
in the adult. A few forms, as Balantid'ium, are 
parasitic. 2. Water animalculae in general, as 
rhizopods, flagellates, diatoms, etc. 
rial earth = KiESELGUHR. 

in-fu'sum, pi. infu'sa’^. Infusion; an aqueous 
pharmaceutical preparation made by treating a 
drug with water, either cold or boiling, but with¬ 
out boiling: its strength should be 5% if not 
otherwise specified. I. anthem'idis, infusion of 


chamomile. (B. P.) Dose, 60 Cc. (2 fl. ozs.). 
I. cincho'nae, the 1890 U.S.P. name for a 6% 
infusion of cinchona. Dose, 30 Cc. (i fl. oz.). 
I. digita'lis*, a 1.5% infusion of digitalis with 
10% alcohol and 15% cinnamon water. Dose, 8 
Cc. (2 fl. drs.). I. pru'ni virginia'nae*, a 4% infu¬ 
sion of wild cherry. Dose, 60 Cc. (2 fl. ozs.). I. 
sen'nae compos'itum*, compound infusion of 
senna: an infusion of senna (6%) and fennel 
(2%) with 12% each of manna and magnesium sul¬ 
phate; black draught. Dose, 120 Cc. (4 fl. ozs). 
in-gest'. To throw in, or put in, as food into the 
stomach, food taken into the body 

by the mouth, in-ges'tion, the act of putting or 
taking food into the stomach, 
in-glu'vies. i. The craw or crop of birds. 2. The 
paunch or first stomach of ruminants, fin-glu'- 
vin, a digestive ferment from the gizzards of 
chickens: used as a substitute for pepsin and in the 
vomiting of pregnancy. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
in'got. A mass of metal cast in a mold (I.smold). 
In-gras'sias’s apophysis, process, or wing. The 
lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, 
in-gra-ves'cence. The condition of increasing in 
severity; the period of increase of a disease, 
tin-gra-ves'cent, increasing in severity, as I. 
apoplexy, apoplexy from gradual transudation of 
blood, marked by a slowly progressive loss of 
consciousness. 

in-grav-i-da'tion. Impregnation; the being with 
young. [< L. in intensive -f gravida're to im¬ 
pregnate.] 

in-gre'di ent. Any substance which enters into the 
composition of a mixture or of a medicine. [ < 
L. in'gredi to enter.] 

in'grow-ing nail. A condition of the nail (usually 
of the great toe, and commonly on the outside) 
in which its edge is 
overlapped by the 
flesh. It often be¬ 
comes inflamed and 
very painful, 
in'guen. The groin. 

in'gui-nal. Belonging 
to the groin. I. arch, 
the femoral arch. I. 
canal, a canal in the 
groin lying above and 
parallel to Poupart’s 
ligament, and ex¬ 
tending from the 
external to the inter¬ 
nal ring. In the adult 
it is about inches 
(4 cm.) long. I. co- 
lotomy, colotomy in 
which the incision is 
made in the inguinal 
region; Littre’s meth¬ 
od. I. glands, the 
glands of the groin. 

I. hernia, escape of a 
loop of the intestines, 
a portion of the omen¬ 
tum, or both, through 
the internal or exter¬ 
nal abdominal ring, 
or both: denominated 
complete when it descends through the entire length 
of the inguinal canal and passes through the exter¬ 
nal abdominal ring; incomplete or interstitial when 



Diagram Showing Cover¬ 
ings OF Complete Left 
Indirect Inguinal Her¬ 
nia. — I. Deep epigastric 
artery. 2. Peritoneum and 
subserous tissue. 3. Infun- 
dibuliform (transversalis) 
fascia. 4. Internal oblique. 
5. External oblique (inter¬ 
columnar) fascia. 6. Su¬ 
perficial fascia and skin. 
(Piersol.) 









INGUINO- 


457 


INNATE 


it remiiins within the canal; oblique or external 
when it passes through the entire length of the canal 
and to the outer side of the deep epigastric artery; 
direct or internal when it passes only through the 
external abdominal ring and to the inner side of 
the deep epigastric artery; congenital when it de¬ 
scends into the vaginal process of the peritoneum 
(tunica vaginalis testis) and lies in contact with 
the testicle; infantile when it occupies the funic¬ 
ular portion of the vaginal process; encysted (also 
by Hey called infantile) when it brings its own sac 
and invaginates the tunica vaginalis so as to be 
covered by three layers of peritoneum; inguino- 
crural when it turns outward along the line of 
Poupart’s ligament; inguinoscrotal when it de¬ 
scends into the scrotum outside of the tunica 
vaginalis testis; and inguinoproperitoneal when it 
occupies the tissues of the abdominal wall in front 
of the peritoneum. I. ligament = Poupart’s lig¬ 
ament. External i. ligament, a portion of Pou¬ 
part’s ligament arising from the anterior superior 
spine of the ilium and uniting with the fascia lata 
near the femoral artery. I. lithotomy, lithot¬ 
omy. I. reflex = CREMASTERIC REFLEX. I. region, 
abdomen. I. ring, abdominal ring. I. triangle, 
Scarpa’s triangle. [< L. inguina'lis inguinal.] 
in'gui-no-. Inguinal: a combining form. [< In¬ 
guinal.] in-gui-no=ab-dom'i-nal, pertaining to 
the groin and the abdomen.— in'gui-no-cru'ral 
hernia, ts- inguinal hernia. — in*gui-no-cu-ta'- 
ne-ous nerve, the genitocrural nerve.— in’gui-no= 
in-ter-sti'tial hernia, incomplete inguinal her¬ 
nia. — in’gui-no-la'bi al hernia, a variety of hernia 
in the female corresponding to the inguinoscrotal 
of the male.— in’gui-no-pro-per'i-to-ne'al hernia, 
inguinal hernia. — in‘gui-no-scro'tal hernia, 
^inguinal hernia. 

in-gu-la'tion. The introduction of any object into 
the throat. [< L. in into -f gu'la throat.] 
in-ha'lant. A medicine to be inhaled, 
in-ha-la'tion. i. A drawing of the air into the 
lungs; the inspiring of medicated or poisonous 
fumes with the breath. I. disease, any disease 
due to the breathing of fine particles into the 
lungs, as stonescutters’ phthisis. I. pneumo¬ 
nia, aspiration pneumonia. 2. = Inhalant. 

[ < L. inhala're to breathe in.] 
in-ha'ler. i. An apparatus for the inhalation of 
medicinal vapors: often used in pulmonary affec¬ 
tions. I®" Allis’s inhaler. 2. = Respirator. 
in-he'rent. Implanted by nature; innate; perma¬ 
nent ; intrinsic. I. cauterization, deep cauteriza¬ 
tion. [< L. inhce'rens.\ 

in-her'i-tance. i. Succession to the property or 
rights of another person (as a parent) at his 
death; also the property or rights so received. 
2. The acquisition or development by an indi¬ 
vidual of characteristics like those of an ancestor. 

Heredity, fin-her'i-ted = hereditary, as 7. 
keratitis, interstitial keratitis: and 7. syphilis, 
syphilis. 

in-hi-bi'tion. Restraint; the physiological arrest or 
suppression, more or less complete, of any proc¬ 
ess, effected through nerves and special nerve 
centres, Setschenow’s centres. [< L. e«- 
hibe're to restrain.] 

in-hib'i-to-ry. Producing inhibition: said of certain 
nerves whose office seems to be to repress the 
action of the muscles to which they are distrib¬ 
uted. I. centre, a nerve-centre which exerts an 
inhibitory influence on other structures, 
in-hu-ma'tion. Burial; interment; sepulture of the 


dead. [ < L. inhuma're, fr. in in -f- hu'mus ground.] 
in'i-, in'io-. Pertaining to the occiput: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< EPi'op occiput.] in'i ac = inial. — 
in'i-ad, towards the inion.— in'ial, belonging to 
the occiput; looking to the occiput, as 7. aspect, 
the posterior aspect of the head: and 7. diameter 
= iNiOGLABELLAR DIAMETER. — inu-en-ceph'a- 
lus, a child born with a fissure in the occiput, 
through which protrudes a mass of brain=tissue.— 
in-i-od'y-mus, a monster having two heads joined 
by the inia; dicephalus.— ind-o-fa'cial angle, the 
angle between two lines from the inion to the 
glabella and to the symphysis of the chin respec¬ 
tively; Deschamps’s angle.— in’i-o-gla-bel'lar, 
relating to the inion and the glabella, as 7. diam¬ 
eter, a craniometrical diameter joining the most 
prominent points of the inion and the glabella.— 
in'i on, pi. in'ia, a point at the base of the external 
protuberance of the occiput on the median line. 
— in'i-ops, a monster of the class called Janus, 
or janiceps, one of the faces being incomplete, 
i-ni'tial. Beginning; starting. I. cells, germ cells. 
I. lesion, a primary sore, as of syphilis. I. rigid¬ 
ity, tonic spasm occurring soon after the begin¬ 
ning of an attack of hemiplegia and lasting only 
a short time. This initial rigidity may be fol¬ 
lowed by an early rigidity, lasting a few weeks, 
and this by a late rigidity, lasting as long as the 
paralysis. I. stage, the first stage of labor, begin-* 
ning with dilatation of the os and ending with 
complete dilatation and rupture of the mem¬ 
branes; dilatation stage;, first stage. [< L. ini'- 
tium beginning.] 

in-i'tis. Inflammation of muscular fibre or sub¬ 
stance. [< <c, Ivo^ fibre.] 

in-jec'ted. i. Filled by injection. 2. Filled with 
blood; bloodshot. 

in-jec'tion. Any liquid or suspension thrown into a 
cavity by means of a syringe or an injections 
bag: when intended for the rectum, it is termed 
an enema, or clyster. &- Injectiones hypoder¬ 
mic.®. In anatomy, the term Anatomical i. is 
applied to the filling of the vessels of any part of 
the body with some bright or highly colored sub¬ 
stance, in order to exhibit their form or number 
to better advantage: and the term Gaseous i., to 
an injection of gas or air, used to produce disten¬ 
tion for the exhibition of a specimen. I. pneu¬ 
monia = TURBID PNEUMONIA. [< L. injec'tio.] 
injectio'nes hypoder'micae. Solutions ready for 
hypodermic injection. The B. P. recognizes 
four of these preparations, injec'tio apomorphi'nce 
hypoder'mica, a 1% apomorphine solution with 
hydrochloric acid; injec'tio cocai'nce hypoder'mica, 
a 10% solution of cocaine hydrochloride; injec'tio 
ergo'tee hypoder'mica, a 33% solution of extract of 
ergot; and injec'tio morphi'nce hypoder'mica, a 
5% solution of morphine tartrate, e^ Gelatin 

INJECTION. 

in-jec'tor. An apparatus for throwing substances 
into the body. 

in'ju-ry. A wound or damage received by accident 
or violence. [< L. inju'ria.] 
in'sknee, in'=knees. Genu valgum; knocksknee. 
in'lay. A porcelain or metal filling prepared by 
casting or fusing for inserting into a prepared 
tooth*cavity. 

in'let of the pelvis. The upper extremity of the 
pelvic cavity corresponding with the brim. 
In'man’s myalgia. Muscular rheumatism, 
in'nate. Inborn; congenital. [< I. in in or on -+• 
nas'ei to be born.] 


INNER CELLsMASS 


458 


INSANITY 


in'ner celUmass. The mass of cells projecting into 
the cavity of the blastodermic vesicle. I. line, 
the inner one of Baillarger’s lines. 

in-ner-va'tion. i. That vital process by which ner¬ 
vous energy is communicated to any part; nerves 
stimulus. 2. The anatomical arrangement of 
nerves running to a part. [ < L. in into + ner'vus 
nerve.] 

in'no-cent. Benign; not malignant. I. tumor = 

BENIGN TUMOR. 

in-nom-i-na'tal. Relating to the innominate artery. 

in-nom'i-nate. Having no name; unnamed. I. 
aneurism, an aneurism of the innominate artery. 
I. artery = arteri.\ innominata. I. bone, the 
hipsbone, composed of the ilium, ischium, and os 
pubis. I. foramen, an occasional foramen in the 
temporal bone transmitting the small superficial 
petrosal nerve. I. line = iliopectineal line. 
I. veins, two large veins formed by the union of 
the subclavian and internal jugular veins, and 
uniting to form the superior vena cava. 
nom-i-na'tum = INNOMINATE bone. [< L. in- 
nomina'tus.] 

in-nox'ious. Not harmful; not poisonous: said of 
drugs, etc. 

in-nu-tri'tion. Want of nourishment. [<L. tnpriv. 
-I- nutri're to nourish.] 

in'o-. Pertaining to fibres, especially those of 

* muscle or of connective tissue: a combining 
form. [<if, ivof fibre.] in'o-blast, any cell of 
the connective tissue in a formative stage.— in'o- 
car-ci-no'ma = fibrocarcinoma. — in’o-chon- 
dri'tis, inflammation of tendons and cartilages. 
— in'o-cyst, a cyst composed of fibrous tissue.— 
in*osen-do-the-li-o'ma, a round=celled fibrosar¬ 
coma.— in’osep-i-the-li-o'ma, epithelioma con¬ 
taining fibrous elements.— r in'o-gen, the hypo¬ 
thetical contractile substance of muscle.— 
in-o-gen'e-sis, the production of fibre.— in'o- 
hy-lo'ma, a fibroma or fibrous tumor.— imo- 
hy-me-ni'tis, inflammation of a fibrous mem¬ 
brane.— in’o-lei-o-my-o'ma, a myoma contain¬ 
ing unstriped muscular fibres. — in'o-lith, a 
fibrous calculus. — i-no'ma, a fibrous tumor.— 
in-o-myx-o'ma = fibromyxom a.— in-o-pex'i a, a 
tendency toward consolidation or coagulation.— 
in-o-pol'y-pus, a fibrous polypus. — in-or-rhab’do- 
my-o'ma, a fibrous rhabdomyoma.— in'o-sate, a 
salt of inosic acid.— in’O-scle-ro'sis, sclerosis of 
the fibrous elements of a tissue.— in-os'co-py, the 
studying of exudates by coagulation and diges¬ 
tion of the clot with its enmeshed bacteria, thus 
rendering the organisms more readily found.— 
in'ose= inosite. —i-nos'ic (in-o-sin'ic) acid, an 
amorphous substance, CigHj^N^Ojj, reported to 
exist in the juice of muscular tissue.— in'o-sin 
= INOSITE. — in-o-sin'ic = inosic. — i-no'sis = 
iNOGENESis. — in'o-site, hexahydroxybenzene, Cg- 
HgfOHjg, a substance isomeric with glucose, but 
not a carbohydrate; inose; inosin; muscle=sugar; 
phaseomannite: found in muscle and in many 
plants. It occurs in the urine in many cases of 
echinococcus cyst, and polyuria from any cause 
(Inosituria). ^Scherer’s test; Seidel’s reac¬ 
tion. — in'o-ste-a-to'ma, a steatoma with fibrous 
elements.— in-o-su'ria, inosituria. Inosite. — 

in-o-tag'ma, one of the supposed contractile ele¬ 
ments which produce motion in protoplasm; iso- 
tagma. 

in-o-car'pin. A red dye obtained from the juice 
of Inocar'pus edu'lis, a leguminous tree of the 
East Indian Archipelago. 


in-oc-ci-pi'ti a. Congenital absence of the occipital 
lobes of the brain. [< L. in not -t- occipi'tium 
back of the head.] 

in-oc'u-la-bil'i-ty. Transmissibility by inoculation, 
tin-oc'u-la-ble. 

in-oc-u-la'tion. The insertion of virus into any 
part of the body, either as an operative proced¬ 
ure or by accident. Jennerian i., vaccination, 
fin-oc'u-late. in-oc'u-la-tive. in-oc'u-Ia-tor. 
in-o'do-rous. Destitute of odor. [ < L. in neg. + 
o'dor smell.] 

in-op'e-ra-ble. Not suitable to be operated upon 
surgically, as certain tumors, 
in-o'pi a. Lack; want. I. lac'tis = agalactia. I. 
virilita'tis = impotence. 

in-or-gan'ic. i. Destitute of organs; not organic: 
applied to minerals as distinguished from ani¬ 
mals and plants, which perform functions. 2. In 
chemistry, not containing carbon; pertaining to 
substances which are carbon*free: CO and COj 
and its compounds are usually included, the old 
idea being that organic compounds were due to 
vital activity and could not be made artificially. 
I. acid, a carbon=free acid other than carbonic 
acid. I. analysis, analysis of inorganic substances. 
I. chemistry, the chemistry of substances which 
do not contain carbon. I. compound, a compound 
substance v.'hich does not contain carbon. I. 
membrane, a membrane composed of silicic acid: 
used in dialysis. I. serum, a serum composed of 
inorganic substances, as a solution of salts. 3. 
Not organic; functional. I. murmur, a cardiac 
murmur not due to structural lesion; functional, 
haemic, or anaemic murmur. [< L. inorgan'icus.] 
in-os-cu-la'tion. The junction or interunion of 
different branches of arteries or veins, or of ex¬ 
tremities of arteries with the origins of veins. 
[< L. in into -f os'culum little mouth.] fin-os'- 
cu-late. in-os'cu-lat-ing. 
in'quest. Coroner’s inquest. 
in'qui-line. An animal, not truly parasitic, that 
lives upon or within another. [< L. inquili'nus 
an alien resident.] 

in-qui-na'tion. Contamination; foulness; infection. 

[ < L. inquina'tio.] 

in-qui-si'tion. An inquiry or inquest by jurors, in 
causes civil and criminal, on proof made of the 
fact on either side, as in cases of the lunacy of 
criminals, etc. [< L. inqui'rere to inquire.] 
in-sal-i-fi'a-ble. A term applied to oxides which 
are not acids nor capable of neutralizing acids. 
[< L. in priv. -f salifiab'ilis capable of being 
formed into a salt.] 

in-sal-i-va'tion. The process of mixing the saliva 
with the food in the act of mastication. [ < L. 
in in -f salivation.] 

in-sa-lu'brious. Unhealthy; tending to cause dis¬ 
ease. [ < L. in neg. + salu'bris healthy.] -j-in- 
sa-lu'bri-ty. 

in-sane'. Affected with or relating to insanity. 
I. delusion, delusion. I. ear, h.-ematoma 
AURis. I. impulse, an impulse, often irresistible, 
to perform an insane or purposeless act. 
in-sa-ni'o-la. A mild degree of insanity, 
in-san'i-ta-ry. Not in good sanitary condition, 
in-san-i-ta'tion. Lack of good sanitary arrange¬ 
ments. 

in-san'i-ty. Lack of sanity; a lasting departure 
from the normal state of the mental processes of 
perception, intellection, or volition. In criminal 
law, such mental defect as, by destroying per¬ 
ception of nght and wrong or by overpowering 


INSATIABLE APPETITE 


459 


INSTILLATION 


the will, renders the mind incapable of entertain¬ 
ing in respect to the particular offense in question 
that “criminal intent” which is a necessary ele¬ 
ment of every crime. In many cases it seems to 
have been held that a knowledge of right and 
wrong establishes sanity even if the will is not 
under control, and some states have even ex¬ 
pressly decreed by legislation that uncontrol¬ 
lable impulse will not relieve from criminal re¬ 
sponsibility if a knowledge of right and wrong is 
present. In civil law, the incapacity of rational 
action; the incapability of managing one’s self or 
one’s affairs. In medicine, a more or less perma¬ 
nent mental derangement, probably always due 
to some diffuse affection of the cerebral cortex, 
characterized by abnormality of mental activi¬ 
ties, manifested by purposeless or harmful con¬ 
duct, and resulting in a lack of adaptability to 
environment; a lasting deviation from the ac¬ 
cepted norm of human conduct; alienation; 
craziness; madness; lunacy. As ordinarily used 
the term includes idiocy and imbecility as well 

as DEMENTIA, MANIA, MELANCHOLIA, etC., but nOt 
the transient delirium of fevers and intoxications 
nor conditions of hysteria, epilepsy, degeneracy, 
moral perversion, credulity, and abnormality of 
opinion on matters of theory, dogma, etc. 
Psychosis. Amongthe various forms of insanity, 
mania, or dementia, are Acquired, Affective (= 
emotional). Alcoholic, Alternating (= circu¬ 
lar), Choreic (= chorea insaniens). Circular, 
Climacteric, Communicated, Compulsive, Con- 
fusional. Congenital, Consecutive, Constitutional, 
Cyclic (= circular), Degenerative, Delusional (— 
INSANE delusion), Deuteropathic, Doubting, 
Drug, Emotional, Epidemic, Erotic, Furious, 
Grandiose, Hereditary, Homicidal, Moral, Neu¬ 
rasthenic, Paralytic, Periodic (= periodic mania), 
Polyneuric, Pubertal (= dementia pr^cox). 
Puerperal, Pyromawfaca/ (0" pyRomania), Re¬ 
ligious, Senile, Simultaneous, Stuporctus, Sui¬ 
cidal, Surgical, Toxic, Traumatic, Volitional. 
I. of pubescence= hebephrenia. I. of systema¬ 
tized delusions = paranoia. [< h. insan'itas, fr. 
in neg. +sa'nus sound.] 
in-sa'ti a-ble appetite. = Bulimia. 
inscrip'tio tendin'ea*. Tendinous inscription; a 
line of tendon traversing a muscle and furnish¬ 
ing an attachment for its fibres. [L.] 
in-scrip'tion. That portion of a written prescrip¬ 
tion which contains the names of the ingredients 
and the symbols denoting their quantities, 
in'sect. A member of the class Insec'ta. the largest 
class of the arthropoda. See tsetse fly, for 
drawing of an insect. I. powder, a powder used 
for poisoning or for expelling insects, especially 
such as infest the person of man, his clothing, 
bedding, etc. It is generally prepared from the 
flower of some species of Pyre'ihrum. Dalmatian 
i. powder, the product of Pyre'thrum cinerarice- 
fo'lium. I. wax = CHINESE WAX. [<'L.inseca're 
to incise, from the sharp constriction between 
the abdomen and thorax.] 
in-sec'ti-cide. A substance serving to kill insects. 

[< L. insec'tum insect cce'dere to kill.] 
in-sec'ti-fuge. Any agent that expels insects. [< L, 
insec'tum insect -h fuga're to put to flight.] 
in-sem-i-na'tion. Fertilization of the ovtim. 
in-sen-si-bil'i-ty. Absence or abeyance of con¬ 
sciousness, and of the power of perception and 
volition. Local i., local analgesia. 
in-sen'si-ble. i. Not having consciousness or the 


power of perceiving. 2. Not perceptible to the 
senses. I. perspiration = transpiration. 
in-sen'si-tive. Not sensitive. 

in-ser'ted. Having an insertion: applied to muscles, 
ligaments, and the like. 

in-ser'tion. The attachment of muscle to the part 
which it moves; also the entrance of a nerve 
into a muscle or organ; also the point or mode 
of attachment of an organ to its support. [< L. 
inser'tio, fr. inser'ere, to implant, to set in.] 
in-sid'ious. Treacherous; crafty: in pathology, 
applied to a disease which does not appear as 
dangerous or serious as it really is. [ < L. insid'- 
icB ambush, snare.] 

in-sip'id. Tasteless; vapid; destitute of flavor. I. 
diabetes = DIABETES insipidus. [< L. insip'idus, 
fr. in priv. + sap'idus savory.] 
in-si'tien-cy. Freedom from thirst. [<L. in not 
+ siti're to thirst.] 

in-si'tion. = Implantation. [< L. jw5t'/fo.] 
in si'tu. 0“ In. 

in-so-la'tion. i. Exposure to the sun as a cause of 
disease; sunstroke; siriasis; especially hyperpy- 
rexial insolation. Asphyxial i., sunstroke marked 
by coma, feeble pulse, and lowered temperature; 
heat=exhaustion. Hyperpyrexial i., sunstroke 
marked by coma, with full, jerky pulse and very 
high temperature; insolation; thermic fever, 
Siriasis. 2. A method of treatment which con¬ 
sists in exposing the patient to the rays of the 
sun; the sun=bath; heliotherapy, 
in-sol'u-ble, in-sol-u-bil'i-ty. ^Solubility. 
in-som'ni a. Want of sleep; chronic or habitual 
privation of sleep; agrypnia; wakefulness. [< 
L. in priv. + som'nus sleep.] fhi-som'ni ac. in- 
som'ni ous, affected with insomnia, 
in-spec'tion. Examination by the eye. Aus¬ 
cultation; exploration; mensuration; pal¬ 
pation. [<.h. inspec'tio, ir. inspi'cere to ohserve 
or examine, to behold.] 

in-sper'sion. The act of sprinkling powder upon. 

[< L. insper'sio, fr. in into -f spar'gere to scatter.] 
in-spi-ra'tion. The act of drawing in the breath. 
[< L. inspira'tio, fr. in in'-f spira're to breathe.] 
fin'spi-ra-tor, an inhaler. 

in-spi'ra-to-ry. Pertaining to or causing inspira¬ 
tion, as the muscles which by their contraction 
increase the dimensions of the chest and thus 
produce inspiration. I. centre, a bilateral nerve* 
centre in the lower part of the medulla oblon¬ 
gata. I. spasm. I. Hysterical spasm of the 
larynx during inspiration, the vocal cords coming 
together instead of separating. 2. The slow, 
final inspirations occurring in an animal just 
before death. 

in-spis'sant. i. Causing thickening. 2. An agent 
that tends to thicken the blood. [< L. in inten¬ 
sive d-5pf55a'r^ to thicken.] fhi-spis-san'ti a, 
agents which augment the density of the blood* 
plasma, in'spis-sa-ted, made thick by evapora¬ 
tion of the thinner parts, as I. bile, I. oxgall = 
FEL Bovis iNSPissATUM. in-spis-sa'tion. i. The 
act of inspissating or making thick by evapora¬ 
tion. 2. The state of being inspissated. 3. The 
result of a process of inspissating, 
in-stau-ra'tion. The establishment or restoration 
of a function or condition, 
in'step. The dorsal part of the arch of the foot, 
in-stil-la'tion. i. The method of applying remedies 
to a part, especially to the eye, in the form of 
drops. 2. A substance instilled. [< L. in into 
-f- stilla're to drop.] fin'stil-la-tor. 


INSTINCT 


460 INTER- 


in'stinct. That power or impulse by which animals 
are moved, independently of experience, to per¬ 
form advantageous acts. [< L. instin'guere to 
move or excite.] fin-stinc'tive, related to or 
caused by instinct. 

in'sti-tute. A principle, as the Institutes of med¬ 
icine, the essential principles of medical science, 
more especially of physiology and pathology. 
[< L. institu'ere to establish, to teach.] 
in'stru-ment. Any mechanical appliance, tool, or 
agent used in manipulations or operations. [ < 
L. instrumen'tum, fr. instru'ere to provide with.] 
in-stru-men'tal. Pertaining to or effected by the 
use of instruments. I. compression, compression 
performed by instrumients, as of a vessel to 
check hemorrhage or to cure aneurism. I. labor, 
labor in which the expulsive efforts of nature are 
aided by instruments. I. pelvimetry, pelvim¬ 
etry. I. percussion, percussion performed with 
an instrument as plexor or pleximeter. 
iti*stru-men-ta'ri um. An equipment of instru¬ 
ments. [L.] 

in'stru-men-ta'tion. The use of instruments, 
in-su-ca'tion, in-suc-ca'tion. A method of prepar¬ 
ing non=alcoholic extracts by maceration. [< 
L. insuca'tio soaking, fr. suc'cus or su'cus juice.] 
in-suf-fi'cien-cy. Lack of capacity for normal ac¬ 
tion; incomplete closure, as of the valvular open¬ 
ings of the heart, permitting regurgitation; in¬ 
competence. Active i., inability of a muscle to 
act on account of approximation of the points of 
origin and insertion. I. of a muscle, inability of 
a muscle to produce its normal effect by a nor¬ 
mal contraction, so that an extra amount of con¬ 
traction is necessary to keep the parts in their 
proper position, especially I. of the externi, or 
esophoria, and I. of the interni, or exophoria. 
in-suf-fla'tion. The act of blowing into any cavity 
or hollow part by mechanical means or otherwise. 
[ < L. insuffia'tio, fr. in into + suffla're to blow.] 
tin-suf-fla'tor, a bellows or other device for blow¬ 
ing a powder into a cavity, or for forcing air into 
the lungs of a stilbborn child, 
in'su-la*. i. =Isl.'lnd of Reil. I. cer'ebri=isLAND 
OF Reil. 2. = Islet. 

in'su-lar. i. Relating to the island of Reil. I. 
convolution, any one of a number of small convo¬ 
lutions forming the island of Reil. Long i. convo¬ 
lution, the long horizontal portion of the insula*. 
2. Isolated. I. nucleus, a nucleus which is com¬ 
pletely separated from adjoining portions of gray 
matter, as the facial and trigeminal nuclei; pe¬ 
ripheral nucleus. I. pneumonia, lobular pneumo¬ 
nia. I. sclerosis, disseminated sclerosis; thicken¬ 
ing of the substance of the brain or the spinal 
cord, occurring in islets or patches, 
in'su-la-ted. Surrounded by non=conductors; in 
chemistry and pharmacy, separated by the other 
ingredients in a combination, 
in-su-la'tion. i. The state of being insulated, de¬ 
tached, or separated from surrounding bodies. 
2. In electrical experiments, the state of a body 
surrounded by non-conductors. 3. Isolation; 
segregation, as of infected persons, fin'su-la- 
tor, a non-conductor, as of electricity or heat, 
in-sul'tus. An attack, I. hyster'icus, the actual 
hysterical attack as distinguished from various 
hysterical symptoms. It consists in general 
clonic spasms and is usually accompanied by 
screams and irregular breathing. [L.] 
in-sup'pu-ra-ble. Insusceptible of being made to 
suppurate. [< In + suppurate ] 


in‘sus-cep-ti-biri-ty. Absence of contagiousness in 
a disease. 

in-teg'u-ment. =Skin. {<'L.integumen'ium.] 
in-teg-u-men'ta-ry. i. Covering or investing. 2. 
Relating to or consisting of integument; cutane¬ 
ous. I. flaps, amputation-flaps consisting of skin, 
in'tel-lect. The mind; the understanding; the 
thinking principle. [< L. intelli'gere to under¬ 
stand.] tiii“tel“lec'tu-al, as /. insanity, insanity 
affecting the intellectual powers, marked by per¬ 
version of the reasoning powers and by the forma¬ 
tion of false conceptions, and including reasoning 
mania, monomania, etc.; ideational insanity: 1 . 
life, life in which the reason, feelings, and will are 
made use of, as distinguished from mere animal 
or vegetative life; mental life: psychic life: I. 
monomania, monomani.\ ; par.\noia: and I. 
tract, the frontocerebellar tract, 
in-tem'per-ance. Immoderate indulgence in food, 
drink, etc.; inebriety. ^ Ebriety. 
in-tense'. Carried or raised to the highest degree: 
applied to heat, cold, pain, etc. [< L. inten'sus, 
fr. inten'dere to stretch to the utmost.] fin-ten'- 
si-ty, high degree, in-ten'sive, becoming more 
intense; rendering more intense. in-»ten-siv'i-ty. 
in-ten'tion. i. A design or purpose. I. tremor, 
tremor occurring or intensified during voluntary 
movements: seen especially in multiple sclerosis. 
2. I®* Healing. 

in-ter-. Between; among; during: a combining 
form. Intra-. [L.] in'ter-ac-ces'so-ry mus¬ 
cles, short muscles of the back extending between 
the accessory processes of two contiguous lumbar 
vertebrce.— in-ter-ac'i-nous, situated between 
acini.— m*ter-al-ve'o-lar, situated among alveoli 
of the lungs.— in-ter-an'nu-lar, situated between 
two rings, as I. segment, the portion of a nerve 
between two consecutive nodes of Ranvier; inter¬ 
node of Ranvier.— in’ter-ar-tic'u-lar, situated 
between the joints (also used for intra-articu¬ 
lar), as 7 . fibrocartilage, flattened plates of fibro- 
cartilage interposed between the articular carti¬ 
lages of certain joints: and I. ligament, (i) a 
ligament wholly within a joint, or nearly so; (2) 
the ligamentiim teres of the hip-joint.— inffer- 
ar-y-te'noid, situated between the arytenoids, as 
7 . fold, a fold of mucous membrane opposite the 
epiglottis connecting the arytenoid cartilages: 
and 7 . muscle, a muscle arising from one aryte¬ 
noid cartilage and inserted into the other, approxi¬ 
mating the arytenoid cartilages.— in'ter-as-ter'ic, 
situated between the two asteria. — in*ter-au-ric'- 
u-lar, situated between the auricles, as 7. groove, a 
groove on the surface of the basal portion of the 
heart, separating the right and left auricles: and 7. 
line, a transverse line uniting the auricular points. 

— in'ter-brain, the second of the five secondary 
cerebral vesicles; ’tween-brain; thalamencepha- 
lon; diencephalon*. — in-ter-ca'dence, the occa¬ 
sional occurrence of an additional and superim¬ 
posed pulse-beat. j-in-ter-ca'dent. —^in-ter'ca- 
la-ry, inserted between; interposed, as of any 
time between the pafoxysms of periodical dis¬ 
eases; of a character intermediate between any 
two types, as 7 . staphyloma, staphyloma. 
fin-ter'ca-late.— in*ter-ca-la'tum = locus nicer. 

— in-ter-cap'il-la-ry, between capillaries.— in*- 
ter-ca-rot'ic, found between the internal and 
external carotids, as 7 . gland or ganglion, a swell¬ 
ing on the carotid plexus at the bifurcation of 
the common carotid artery.— in-ter-cav'er-nous, 
situated between the cavernous sinuses of the 


INTER- 


461 


INTER- 


dura mater, as I. simises, transverse sinuses 
passing across between the two cavernous si¬ 
nuses, the sinus intercavernosus anterior* passing 
in front and the sinus intercavernosus posterior* 
behind the sella turcica.— in-ter-cel'lu-lar, be¬ 
tween the cells of animal or vegetable tissue, as 
I. biliary passages, little passages between the 
cells of the liver, forming the beginnings of the 
hepatic ducts: I. blood^channels, blood^channels 
of narrow calibre and without distinct walls 
occurring in the granulation=tissue of healing 
wounds; I. lines, microscopic lines between the 
cells of epithelium and endothelium, filled with 
celbcement: I. passages, the final ramifications 
of the lobular bronchial tubes, bearing air-cells 
or alveoli; and I. substance, the ground*substance 
of a tissue.— in-ter-cen'tral, between centres, as 
I. convolution, the convolution situated between 
the two parallel central fissures: and I. nerve^flbres, 
nervesfibres, neither afferent nor efferent, which 
connect nerve*centres with each other.— in-ter- 
cen'trum, an intervertebral disk of fibrocartilage. 

— in-ter-cer'e-bral, extending or situated be¬ 
tween the cerebral hemispheres, as I. fissure. 

— in-ter-cer'vi-cal muscles, the interspinal neck* 
muscles or slips of muscles.— in-ter-chon''dral, 
situated between the cartilages, as I. ligament, 
one of the ligaments connecting adjacent costal 
cartilages.— in-ter-cil'ium=GLABELLA*.— inffer- 
cla-vic'u-lar, between the clavicles, as I. ligament, 
a band that connects the sternal ends of the 
two clavicles. I. muscle, an occasional muscle 
arising from one clavicle in front of the rhom¬ 
boid ligament and inserted into the correspond¬ 
ing point of the other clavicle: and I. notch, the 
median concavity in the upper border of the 
sternum; incisura semilunaris; incisura jugularis. 

— in-ter-cli'noid foramen, a canal between the 
middle and posterior clinoid processes of the 
sphenoid, formed by the closure of the usual 
notch by fibrous or osseous tissue: 1 . ligament, 
a band of dense fibrous tissue stretching between 
the anterior and posterior clinoid processes.— 'in*- 
ter-coc-cyg'e al, situated between any two con¬ 
tiguous vertebras of the coccyx.— in'ter-co-lum'- 
nar, between columns, as I. fascia, the external 
spermatic fascia, which with the infundibuli- 
form fascia encloses the cremaster muscle, and 
is connected with the pillars of the external 
abdominal ring: and I. fibres, fibres on the surface 
of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, 
running obliquely across the upper part of the 
external abdominal ring, between its columns.— 
in-ter-con'dy-lar, in-ter-con'dy-loid, situated be¬ 
tween the condyles of a bone, as I. eminence, 
the eminence between the two condyles of the 
tibia; 1 . fossa, the notch between the femoral 
condyles: I. line, the line uniting the condyles of 
the femur above the intercondylar fossa: and 
I. notch, the notch between the condyles at the 
distal end of the femur.— in-ter-cor'a-coid, be¬ 
tween the'coracoids.— in-ter-cos'tal. i. Between 
the ribs, as I. arteries, the arteries of the inter¬ 
costal spaces, an anterior, (i) a branch of the 
internal mammary to the intercostal muscles, 
the upper five or six ribs, and the pectoralis 
major; (2) a branch of the musculo*phrenic artery 
to the lower five or six intercostal spaces; the 
aortic, of which there are ten pairs, branches 
from the thoracic aorta to the lower intercostal 
spaces; the first, a branch of the superior inter¬ 
costal to the first intercostal space; and the 


superior, a branch of the subclavian to the neck 
and upper part of the thorax; I. gland, a lym¬ 
phatic gland situated in an intercostal space: 
I. ligament, one of the ligaments joining adjacent 
ribs; I. muscles, intercostalis: I. nerves, 

anterior divisions of the dorsospinal nerves dis¬ 
tributed to the muscles and integument of the 
thorax: I. neuralgia, neuralgia of the intercostal 
nerves: I. space, the space between two adjoin¬ 
ing ribs: and Superior i. veins, veins from the 
upper three or four intercostal spaces; that of 
the right side empties into the right innominate 
or large azygous vein, that of the left into the 
left innominate. 2. = Intercostalis. — inffer- 
cos-ta'lis, pi. -les. One of the muscles running ob¬ 
liquely between two consecutive ribs and forming 
two layers of muscular fibres, distinguished as 
external and internal. — in-ter-cos-to-hu'me-ral 
nerve, the large lateral branch of the second in¬ 
tercostal nerve supplying the skin of the arm.— 
in-ter-cris'tal, between crests.— in-ter-cru'ral, be¬ 
tween the crura of the brain ; interpeduncular, as 
I. ligament, a. ligament between vertebral laminae. 

— in-ter-cu'ne-i-form ligaments, ligaments con¬ 
necting the cuneiform bones of the foot.— in- 
ter-cur'rent, running between: applied (i) to 
diseases v/hich occur sporadically during the 
prevalence of epidemic or endemic diseases, 
(2) to diseases occurring while the patient is 
already affected with another malady.— in'ter- 
cu-ta'neous = subcutaneous. — in-ter-cys'tic, 
situated between two or more cysts.— in-ter- 
den'tal, situated or designed to be placed between 
the teeth, as an I. splint. — in-ter-dic'tion, a legal 
restraint put upon a person of unsound mind 
from managing his own business affairs.— in-ter- 
dig'i-tal, between fingers or toes, as I. space, the 
space between two adjacent fingers, finffer-dig- 
i-ta'tion, interlocking by finger*like slips or proc¬ 
esses. — in‘ter-ep-i-theTi al, situated between or 
among epithelial cells or elements.—• inffer-fas-cic'- 
u-lar, situated between or among fasciculi.—' in- 
ter-fem'o-ral, between the thighs or the femurs.— 
in-ter-fe'rence, intervention; intermeddling; in 
physics, the summation of superimposed wave* 
lengths of light, sound, etc., by which they be¬ 
come intensified, diminished, or destroyed, ac¬ 
cording to their mutual phase*relations.— in-ter- 
fi'bril-la-ry, lying between, or situated between 
or among, fibrils or filaments.— in-ter-fi'lar, sit¬ 
uated between the filaments of a reticulum.— 
in’ter-fol-lic'u-lar, situated between or connecting 
two or more follicles.— inffer-gan-gli-on'ic, sit¬ 
uated between or connecting different ganglia, as 
the I. nerves of the sympathetic system.— in-ter- 
glan'du-lar, situated between glands or glandules. 

— in-ter-glob'u-lar, between globules, as I. spaces, 
irregular, branched, communicating spaces near 
the periphery of the dentin, in which the fine 
ramifications of the dental tubuli terminate; 
Czermak’s spaces; granular layer of Purkinje.—■ 
in-ter-go'ni al, between the gonia.— in-ter-gy'- 
ral, between gyri or convolutions, as I. fissure. — 
in'ter-hem-i-cer'e-bral, inffer-hem-i-spher'ic, be¬ 
tween the cerebral hemispheres.— in-ter-hy'al 
ligament, a ligament of the embryo joining the 
malleus and the stylohyal cartilage.— in*ter-in- 
hib'i-tive, inffer-in-hib'i-to-ry, mutually inhibi¬ 
tory, as of functions.— in-te'ri or, see in vocabu¬ 
lary place after this list.— in-ter'i-tus, death.— in- 
ter-ju'gal line, the line uniting the jugal points.— 
in-ter-ju'gu-lar, between two jugular processes, as 


INTER- 


462 


INTER- 


I. process, a small bony process dividing the ju¬ 
gular foramen.— in-ter-lac'ing ligature, a ligature 
in which several loops interlace; interlocking lig¬ 
ature: used for securing a pedicle.— inher-la- 
mel'lar, situated between the lamellae, as I. -fissure, 
one of the fissures separating the cerebellar 
lamellae: and I. spaces, the spaces between the 
corneal lamellae.— in-ter-lam'i-nar, situated or 
occurring between laminae, as I. plexus, a plexus 
of lymphatic vessels in the muscular coat of the 
intestines. — in-ter-lo'bar, between lobes, as I. 
fissures, those fissures of the cerebrum which have 
been chosen to form the boundaries of the 
various lobes.— in-ter-lob'u-lar, between lobes or 
lobules, as I. artery, (i) a branch of the hepatic 
artery coursing between the lobes of the liver, 
and giving off branches to the lobules; ( 2 ) a 
branch of the arteria propria renalis of the renal 
artery distributed to the malpighian bodies and 
uriniferous tubules of the kidney: I. hile^ducts, 
the ducts situated between the lobes of the liver: 
I. emphysema, (S- emphysema: I. fissure, a fissure 
between two lobes of the brain: I. notch, a de¬ 
pression in the ventral border of the liver demar¬ 
cating the right and left lobes: 1 . plexus, (i) a 
plexus formed by the interlobular bilesducts; ( 2 ) 
a plexus formed by the interlobular veins of the 
liver: I. veins, (i) branches of the portal vein 
between and around the lobules of the liver; ( 2 ) 
veins returning the blood from the cortex of the 
kidney: and I. vessels, branches of the hepatic 
artery, the portal vein and the bile^ducts which 
run within the connective tissue between the 
hepatic lobules.— in-ter-lock'ing ligature = in¬ 
terlacing LIGATURE. — in-ter-ma'lar line, the 
line uniting the malar points.— inffer-man-dib'- 
u-lar, between the two mandibular rami.— in-ter- 
mas'toid, between the two proce'sses of the lower 
jaw.— in'ter-max-il'la, an intermaxillary bone.— 
in-ter-max'il-la-ry, between the maxillae, as I. 
bone, one of two or more bones in the antero¬ 
median part of the upper jaw, carrying the inci¬ 
sor teeth, and distinguished as the internal, or 
endognathion, the external, or mesognathion, and 
the superior, or exognathion; in the adult they 
become united with the upper jaw: I. foramen = 

FORAMEN INCISIVUM*: /. = FRONTONASAL 

process: and I. suture, the suture between the 
two halves of the superior maxillary bone, below 
the anterior nasal spine.— in-ter-me'di al fissure, 
an inconstant fissure near the end of the fissure 
of Sylvius; Jensen’s fissure.— in-ter-me'di-a-ry, in 
the midst; intervening (1®-primary; secondary), 
as I. amputation, an amputation performed dur¬ 
ing the existence of inflammatory fever: I. body 
= amboceptor: I. cell, a nerve=cell whose axis* 
cylinder process is not continuous with the axis* 
cylinder of a nerve, but ends in the gray matter 
near it; a nerve*cell of the second type; axis* 
CYLINDER process; PROJECTION CELL: I. hem¬ 
orrhage, traumatic hemorrhage occurring after 
the primary hemorrhage has been stopped, from 
displacement of the clots by reestablished circu¬ 
lation; recurrent hemorrhage: I. metabolism, the 
stages of metabolism between digestion with 
absorption and excretion: and I. nerve, a small 
nerve arising from the medulla oblongata and 
running between the facial and auditory nerves; 
nerve of Wrisberg.— in-ter-me'di ate, placed or 
occurring between two other substances or parts; 
in pharmacy, employed as a medium for effecting 
the combination of substances otherwise immis¬ 


cible; as I. disk of Englemann = Krause’s mem¬ 
brane: 1 , dvsmenorrhcea, DYSMENORRUCEA', and 
I. lines =Kravse’s lines. — in-ter-me-di-o-lat'- 
e-ral nucleus, a column of motor cells seen in 
the intermediolateral tract, especially in the 
dorsal region. I. tract, the tract of fibres in the 
spinal cord situated between the anterior and 
posterior horns of gray matter; lateral horn.— 
in-ter-med'ul-la-ry nucleus, great, the external 
and internal auditory nuclei.— in-ter-mem'bra- 
nous, between membranes.— in'ter-me-nin'ge al, 
between the meninges, as I. hemorrhage, apo¬ 
plexy.— in-ter-men'stru al, between the men¬ 
strual periods, as I . dysmenorrhcea, ovarian pain 
felt at a time between menstruations.— in-ter- 
men'tal, between the two mental foramina.— 
in'ter-mes-en-ter'ic plexus = aortic plexus.— 
in‘ter-mes-o-blas'tic space, a space between the 
parietal and visceral layers of the lateral meso- 
lalastic plates; the coelom.— inffer-met-a-car'pal, 
between the metacarpal bones.— in'ter-met-a- 
mer'ic, between the metameres. — in*ter-met-a- 
tar'sal, between the metatarsal bones, as I. liga¬ 
ments, three ligaments, distinguished as dorsal, 
plantar, and interosseous, uniting the corres¬ 
ponding surfaces of the adjacent metatarsal 
bones.— in-ter-mis'sion, in-ter-mit'tence, an in¬ 
terruption; an intermediate pause; a tem¬ 
porary cessation, Remission. The law of- 
intermittence or of intermission is a term used 
to denote the fact that every organ of animal 
life acts only in an intermittent manner, that an 
alternation of activity and repose is essential to 
animal life. — in-ter-mit'tent, alternately disap¬ 
pearing and returning at regular or uncertain 
periods, said of a function or of a disease, as I. 
albuminuria— CYCLIC albuminuria: I. claudica¬ 
tion, lameness after an interval of walking, as 
seen in some cases of arteriosclerosis, aortic 
aneurism or thrombosis, etc.; angiosclerotic dys- 
basia: 7. craw/? = tetany: 7. fever, a generic 
term applied to all fevers in which the paroxysm 
intermits and returns, usually, at nearly regular 
. intervals: 7. hcematuria, I. hcemoglobinuria=^ 
PAROXYSMAL HEMOGLOBINURIA: 7. hemisystole, 
a condition in which only one beat of the pulse 
is felt for every two beats of the heart: 7. hydro¬ 
nephrosis, hydronephrosis: 7. incontinence, 
incontinence: 7. insanity, a kind of circular 
insanity in which an insane period is followed by 
a lucid interval, and this by a return of the insane 
period: 7. lameness— claudication: 7. liga¬ 
ture, a ligature which is occasionally relaxed: 7. 
paralysis, paralysis from malaria: 7. pulse — 
DROPPEDsBEAT PULSE: 7. strabismus or squint, 
strabismus occurring at intervals: 7. tetanus, 
tetany: and 7. tremor, tremor of paralyzed mus¬ 
cles set up by attempts at motion.— in-ter-mu'- 
ral, seated in or arising from the substance of 
a wall (as of a vessel, of a duct, or of the in¬ 
testine).— in-ter-mus'cu-lar, situated between 
muscles, as 7. hernia, inguinoproperitoneal her¬ 
nia: 7. ligament, prolongation of fascia between 
muscles: and 7. septum, (i) an interspace between 
muscles; ( 2 ) a band of fibrous connective tissue in¬ 
terposed between two muscles or muscular fibres. 
— in-ter'nal, see in vocabulary place after this 
list. in-ter-na'ri al, between the nares.— in-ter- 
na'sal, between the nasal bones, as 7. suture: and 
7. /?ia/e = frontonasal plate.— in-ter-na'tion-al 
system of nomenclature of diseases and causes of 
death = Bertillon’s classification.— in-ter- 


INTER- 


463 


INTER- 


neu'ral, between neural spines.— in-ter-ni'dal 
tract, fibres originating in the nuclei of the third, 
fourth, and sixth cranial nerves. — in-ter-no'dal 
segment=iNTERANNULAR SEGMENT.—In'ter-node, 
in-ter-no'di um, any one of the phalanges of the 
hand: so called because it lies between the finger* 
joints. Is. of Ranvier, i^Ranvier’s nodes. 
— in-ter-nu'cle ar, among or between nuclei.— 
in-ter-nun'cial, establishing communication be¬ 
tween parts or organs, as I. fibres, fibres associat¬ 
ing nerve*cells.— in-ter'nus, sea vocabulary place 
after this list. — in-ter-oc'u-lar, between the 
eyes. — in-ter-ol'i-va-ry, between the olivary 
bodies, as I. layer or tract, a layer of fibres be¬ 
tween the two olivary nuclei of the medulla.— 
in-ter-op'tic, situated between the optic lobes 
or optic nerves, as I. ganglion, the gray sub¬ 
stance of the interoptic lobes.— inder-or-bi-sep'- 
tum, the septum between the orbits of the eyes; 
orbiseptum.— in-ter-or'bi-tal, between the orbits 
of the eyes.— in-ter-os'se al, (i) situated between 
bones; interosseous; ( 2 ) relating to or done by 
the interossei muscles, as I. flexion, flexion of the 
proximal phalanx, the two terminal phalanges 
remaining extended, a movement produced by 
contraction of the interossei muscles.— in-ter-os'- 
se-i, pi. of iNTERossEUs.— in-ter-os'se ous, situ¬ 
ated between bones: applied to arteries and liga¬ 
ments, as I. artery, a branch of the ulnar artery 
distributed to the interosseous n^embrane and 
the deep muscles of the forearm, giving off two 
branches, an anterior and a posterior, distributed 
respectively to the anterior and posterior muscles 
of the forearm; common i. artery: Dorsal i. artery, 
(i) a branch of the posterior radial carpal 
artery distributed to the dorsal aspect of the 
fingers; ( 2 ) either of three branches of the meta¬ 
tarsal artery distributed to the contiguous sides 
of the second and third and the fourth and fifth 
toes: Palmar i. artery, a branch of the deep pal¬ 
mar arch distributed to the interosseous and 
lumbricales muscles: Plantar i. artery, a branch 
of the plantar arch distributed to the toes: Re¬ 
current i. ariery, a branch of the posterior inter¬ 
osseous to the elbow*joint: 7. border, that border 
of the ulna, the radius, or the tibia to which the 
interosseous membrane is attached: 7. cartilage, 
a cartilage interposed between two articulating 
surfaces of bone, or a symphyseal cartilage: 7 . 
ganglion, a swelling on the interosseous nerve at 
the back of the wrist: 7 . = hiatus inter- 

OSSEUS: 7 . ligaments, ligaments or bands connect¬ 
ing adjacent surfaces of bones: 7 . membrane, (i) 
a ligamentous membrane forming an intermedi¬ 
ate fibrous union between the shafts of the 
radius and ulna; (2) a similar membrane bind¬ 
ing together the shafts of the tibia and fibula: 7 . 
muscle == INTEROSSEUS: 7 . nerves, the nerves 
which supply the interosseous muscles: 7 . ridge, 
a ridge on the inner surface of the fibula, running 
the entire length of the bone: 7 . saw, a thin, 
delicate saw for operating between bones, such 
as the ribs: 7 . spaces, spaces between parallel 
long bones: and 7 . veins, the veins accompanying 
the interosseous arteries.— in-ter-os'se us, pi. in- 
teros'sei, a muscle extending between a metacar¬ 
pal or a metatarsal bone and a phalanx: there 
are seven interossei of the hand, four dorsal and 
three palmar, and seven likewise of the foot, four 
dorsal and three plantar. 7 . pri'mus vola'ris, 
an occasional muscle having its origin in the 
ulnar side of the base of the first metacarpal 


bone and inserted into the side of the base 
of the first phalanx of the thumb. — in-ter- 
pal'pe-bral, between the palpebrae, as 7. spot, 
a small tumor on the conjunctiva; a pin- 
guecula: and 7. zone, that part of the eyeball not 
ordinarily covered by the lids.— in-ter-pap'il- 
la-ry, situated between or among papillae.— in*- 
ter-pa-ri'e-tal, (i) a term applied to a cranial 
bone between the parietal, frontal, and superior 
occipital bones in the Mammif'era; the incarial 
bone; ( 2 ) occurring between or within any walls, 
as 7. /i55Mr^= parietal fissure, def. i: 7. her- 
Mfa= inguinoproperitoneal hernia: and 7. 
suture, the sagittal suture.— in’ter-pa-ri-e-ta'le, 
an interparietal bone.— inder-pe-dun'cu-lar, situ¬ 
ated between the peduncles (as of the cerebrum), 
as 7. artery, a branch of the posterior cerebral 
artery distributed to the posterior perforated 
space and the lower part of the peduncles: and 
7. space, the triangular space bounded by the 
crura cerebri and the optic tracts.— inder-per-i- 
os'teal fracture = GREENSTicK fracture.— in*- 
ter-pha-lan'ge al, between the phalanges of a 
digit.— in‘ter-pla-cen'tal, between the lacunae of 
the placenta.— in-ter-pleu'ral, situated between 
the two pleural cavities; mediastinal, as 7. space, 
the mediastinum.— in-ter-pleu'ri-cos-ta'lis, the 
internal intercostal muscles.— in-ter-po-la'tion, 
insertion or implantation, as of a tissue.— in-ter- 
posed' bundle, a bundle of ten or twelve muscle 
fibres, resembling embryonic fibres, situated in a 
neuromuscular spindle.— in-ter-prox'i-mal, be¬ 
tween adjoining surfaces, as 7. space, the space 
between adjacent teeth.— in-ter-pu'bic, between 
the pubic bones, as 7. disk or fibrocartilage, a 
plate of fibrocartilage situated in the symphysis 
pubis.— in-ter-ra'mal, situated between two rami 
or branches.— in-ter-re'nal, between the kidneys. 

— in-ter-rup'ted, separated by intervals; having 
the continuity broken, as 7. circuit, open circuit: 
7. current, a current alternately opened and 
closed: 7. respiration, respiration with inspira¬ 
tion and sometimes expiration discontinuous, or 
broken up into two or more parts; cog*wheel, 
jerking, or wavy respiration, seen in pleurisy, 
pleurodynia, and tuberculosis; and 7. suture, a 
number of separate stitches at short distances 
from each other. — in-ter-rup'ter, a device for 
interrupting an electric circuit. — in-ter-sa'cral, 
between the segments of the sacrum. — in-ter- 
scap'u-lar, between the shoulder*blades, as 7. 
recess, the depression between the scapulae: 7 . 
r:’flex, contraction of the interscapular muscles, 
produced by irritating the skin over them: and 
7. region, the region on the back of the thorax 
between the scapulae. ffi^-ter-scap'u-lum, the 
interscapular region. — in-ter-scap’u-lo-tho-rac'ic 
amputation. [ 7 .il 7 .’o 8 .] —in-ter-sec'tion, a crossing 
of two lines or objects, or the point at which two 
lines cross each other; chiasm. — inder-seg-men'- 
tal, situated between or among segments. — in- 
ter-sep'tal space, an embryonic space between 
the superior and spurious septa. — in-ter-sig'moid 
pouch, a funnel*shaped pouch of peritoneum 
formed in connection with the sigmoid mesocolon 
by the sigmoid artery. — in-ter'so-nal murmur, a 
murmur occurring between systole and diastole. 

— in-ter-spi'nal, between spines or spinous proc¬ 
esses, as 7. = iNTERSPiNALis.— in’ter-spi- 

na'lis, pi. interspina'les, any one of the small 
ribbonslike muscles running longitudinally be¬ 
tween the spines of the vertebrae. — in-ter-spi'- 




INTER¬ 


INTERNAL 


4()4 


nous, situated between the spinous processes, 
as I. ligaments, thin membranous ligaments 
interposed between the spinous processes 
of the vertebrae.— in-ter-ster'nal, occurring in 
the articulations of the sternum. — in'ter- 
stice, the slight separation between organs 
or parts of organs; the minute interval 
which separates the molecules of bodies.— 
in-ter-sti'tial, situated between; pertaining to 
interstices, as/, absorption, (i) the absorption of 
tissues from inflammation, without the formation 
of pus; (2) the proliferation and liquefaction, in 
cases of abscess, of tissues between the pus and 
the skin, by which the pus gradually approaches 
the surface; also applied to the process by which 
the effete materials of the various organs and 
tissues are removed; internal absorption: I. 
atrophy, absorption of the mineral matter of 
bones, leaving only the reticulated laminae, as 
in deforming arthritis: I. disease, a disease affect¬ 
ing the interstitial tissue of an organ: I. embed¬ 
ding, embedding: I. emphysema, iS'Emphy- 
SEM.V: I. gingivitis = VYORRHCEK alveol.\ris. 
I. hepatitis, hep.\titis : I. hernia, hernia 
which is situated within the tissues of the ab¬ 
dominal wall; incomplete inguinal hernia: I. 
hypertrophy, the deposition of an abnormally 
large amount of mineral matter in bones: I. in¬ 
flammation, inflammation of the interstitial tissue 
of an organ, that is, of the connective tissue sur¬ 
rounding and lying between the parenchymatous 
tissue elements: I. inguinal hernia, m- inguinal 
hernia: I. keratitis, keratitis: I. myelitis, 
myelitis: I. myositis, myositis: I. nephritis, 
nephritis: I. neuritis, inflammation of the 
interstitial tissue of a nerve: I. pneumonia, ts- 
pneumonia: I. pregnancy, extra=uterine preg¬ 
nancy occurring in that part of the fallopian tube 
which passes through the wall of the uterus: I. 
salpingitis, salpingitis characterized by hyper¬ 
plasia of connective tissue: I tissue, the connec¬ 
tive tissue which exists between the cellular 
elements of any structure, supporting them and 
binding them together: and I. water, water re¬ 
tained mechanically in the interstices of crystals. 
— in*ter-su-per-cil'i-a-ry point, a cranioraetrical 
point where the line tangent to the superciliary 
arches intersects the median line.— in-ter-tar'sal, 
situated among or between the tarsal bones.— 
in-ter-trag'i-cus, a muscle covering the fissures of 
the anterior wall of the cartilaginous canal of the 
ear, and dilating the concha.— infler-trans-ver- 
sa'lis, pi. intertransversa'les = intertransver- 
sus. — in'ter-trans-verse', in*ter-trans-ver'sal, be¬ 
tween the transverse processes of the vertebrae, 
as I. ligament, fibrous bands extending between 
the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae. 
tin*ter-trans-ver'sus, a muscle extending between 
the transverse processes of adjoining vertebrae; 
intertransversalis.— in-ter-trig'i-nous, relating to 
or affected with intertrigo.— in-ter-tri'go, an 
excoriation or galling of the skin about the anus, 
axilla, or other parts of tba tviHy, with inflam¬ 
mation and mc“:ture.— in’ter-tro-chan-ter'ic, 
situated between the trochanters, as I. line, 
a rough line surrounding the femur at the 
base of the neck: named anterior on the anterior 
surface and posterior on the posterior surface.— 
in-ter-troch'le ar, between the parts of the troch¬ 
lear surface of a joint, as the I. ridge of the 
ulna.— in-ter-tu'be-ral line, a line extending be¬ 
tween the prominences of the frontal bone. — in- 


ter-tu'bu-lar, lying between tubules, as I. nephri 
tis, interstitial nephritis: I. stroma, the stroma 
of connective tissue w'hich supports the tubules 
of the kidney: and /. substance or tissue, den¬ 
tin. — in*ter-u-re-ter'ic, situated between the ori¬ 
fices of the two ureters.— in-ter-u'te-ro-pla-cen'- 
tal decidua, the decidua serotina.— in-ter-vag'i- 
nal, between two sheaths, as/. 5/?ac<? = subvag- 
INAL SPACE. — in'ter-val, originally, the space 
between two fences or boundary*lines; the dis¬ 
tance which separates two points of space or 
of time.— in-ter-val'var, in-ter-valved', between 
valves, as of the partition separating the 
valves of the pericarp. /. space, (i) the space 
between the aortic sinuses; (2) the space between 
the pulmonary sinuses, on the outer side of the 
pulmonary artery and the aorta. — in'ter-ven- 
tric'u-lar, situated between two ventricles, as /. 
arteries, two arteries, an anterior and a posterior, 
branches of the left and the right coronary arte¬ 
ries respectively, distributed to the ventricles of 
the heart and the interventricular septum: I. 
groove, the longitudinal groove on the exterior of 
the heart, separating the right from the left ven¬ 
tricle: and I. septum, the fibrous septum between 
the ventricles of the heart.— in-ter-ver'te-bral, 
between the vertebrae: applied to cartilages and 
ganglions, as I. cartilage or disk, any one of the 
disks of fibrocartilage between the bodies of con¬ 
secutive vgrtebrae: /. foramina, the foramina 
formed by the conjoined intervertebral notches of 
two contiguous vertebrae: /. notches, the concavi¬ 
ties above and below the pedicles of a vertebra, 
two on each side: and I. substance = 1 . disk. — 
in-ter-vil'lous lacunae, spaces in the maternal 
placenta in which the villi of the fetal placenta 
hang; placental blood^spaces. — in-ter-zyga-po- 
phys'e al, between two zygapophyses. 

in-te'ri or. i. Situated on or toward the inside. 
2. The inside. 

in-tern', in-terne'. A resident physician or surgeon 
in a hospital, Extern. 

in-ter'nal. Interior; inward; situated in the inside; 
opposite to external; applied to diseases that 
are not superficial, and to deep*seated organs. I. 
aneurism, an aneurism within the body^cavity. 
I. angular process, ^ angular processes. I. an- ’ 
nular ligament, t®" ANNULAR ligament. I. audi¬ 
tory artery, auditory artery. I. auditory 
canal or meatus, auditory canal. I. audi¬ 
tory nucleus = PRINCIPAL auditory nucleus. 
I. bath, administration of large quantities of 
water by the mouth, or by injection into the 
colon, to induce diaphoresis and diuresis. I. 
callus, CALLUS. I. capsule, an important tract 
of nervesfibres, often the seat of hemorrhage, 
extending between the lenticular nucleus and 
the optic thalamus, being a continuation of the 
crus cerebri. 1 . carotid, t^c.\ROTiD artery. I. 
clot, a clot formed by solidification of blood 
within a vessel; the bouchon. That found out¬ 
side a vessel is called external clot, or couvercle. 
I. convulsion, a slight convulsion without loss of 
consciousness. I. ear, the most internal division 
of the auditory organ; labyrinth: it consists of the 
vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the coch¬ 
lea. I. hydrocephalus, i®- hydrocephalus. I. 
kinesioneurosis, ^ kin esion euros is. 1. lateral 
ligament, lateral ligament. I. medullary 
lamina, &• medullary lamina. I. meningitis, 
meningitis beginning in the arachnoid or pia 
mater. I. otitis, inflammation of the internal 


INTERNE 


465 


INTRA- 


ear. I. pachymeningitis, inflammation of the 
inner surface of the dura mater. I. palpebral 
ligament, t®- palpebr.\l ligament. I. pathology, 
the pathology of internal diseases; medical 
pathology. I. pelvimetry, ^pelvimetry. I. 
pharyngotomy, ^ pharyngotomy. I. proctotomy, 
c®- PROCTOTOMY. I. prostatotomy, prostatotomy 
by incision from within. I. rectus, rectus. 
I. resistance, the resistance to the passage of a 
galvanic current furnished by the cells them¬ 
selves. I. respiration, ^ tissuesrespiration. 
I. secretion, the specific product of a ductless 
gland. I. sensation, a subjective or visceral sen¬ 
sation. I. stye, HORDEOLUM. I. treatment, 
treatment by internal medication. I. version, 
version performed with the hand introduced into 
the vagina. [<L. inter'nus.] 

in-terne'. = Intern. 

in-ter'nus*. i. Inner; internal. 2. The rectus in- 
ternus muscle of the eye. 

in-tes'ti-nal. Belonging to the intestines: applied 
to fevers, fistulas, entozoa, etc. I. absorption, 
the absorption of nutrient matter by the vessels 
of the intestinal mucous membrane. I. anasto¬ 
mosis, an operation for forming a communica¬ 
tion between two parts of the intestine not nor¬ 
mally contiguous: done in cases of intestinal 
obstruction. I. arteries, branches of the superior 
and inferior mesenteric arteries to the small and 
the large intestine respectively. I. calculus = 
enterolith. I. canal, the intestine as a whole, 
from the pylorus to the anus. I. cast=I. mole. 
I. catarrh, inflammation of the mucous mem¬ 
brane of the intestine. I. cramp = colic. I. 
crisis, VISCERAL CRISIS. I. digestion, the por¬ 
tion of digestion which occurs in the intestine. 
I. dyspepsia, dyspepsia due to some intestinal 
derangement. I. fever, typhoid fever. I. fistula, 
fistula in the intestine. I. glands, glands of the 
intestine, grouped as true and false, the former 
including the glands of Lieberkuhn and of Brun¬ 
ner, the latter the solitary glands and Peyer’s 
patches. I. juice, a transparent, limpid liquid, 
of aromatic odor and alkaline reaction, composed 
of the secretions of the true intestinal glands 
{succus entericus*) mixed with those derived 
from the accessory intestinal glands, as the pan¬ 
creas and the liver. I. mole, the membranous 
stools of pseudomembranous enteritis. I. ob¬ 
struction, any hinderance to the passage of the 
faeces. I. occlusion, iliac passion, a disease char¬ 
acterized by retention of the faeces, by an abso¬ 
lute and obstinate constipation, by a severe pain 
at first localized at the level of the lesion, then 
extended over all the abdomen, by violent and 
incessant vomiting of matter at first alimentary, 
afterward bilious, and finally fecaloid, and by an 
enormous swelling of the belly, symptoms nearly 
always terminating in death. I. orifice, the py¬ 
lorus, or lower orifice of the stomach. I. res¬ 
piration, an absorption and evolution of gases by 
the mucous membrane of the intestine. I. sand, 
gritty material sometimes found in faeces; it may 
be false (berry seeds, etc.) or true sand (calcare¬ 
ous concretions). I. tract, the intestinal canal. 

in-tes'tine. The tubular part of the alimentary 
canal extending from the stomach to the anus; 
bowels; entrails; intestinum*. The large intestine, 
which measures 1.7 metres (5^ feet) in length, 
includes the caecum, colon, and rectum; the small 
intestine, which measures about 8 metres (26 feet), 
includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. [< 
L. iutesli'num, fr. in'tus within.] 

30 


in'ti-ma. The inner coat of the blood*vessels. I. 
pi'a, the innermost layer of the pia mater. I. 
un'guis, the radix, root, or softer proximal por¬ 
tion of the nail. 

in-tim-i-da'tion. A method of treatment in psy¬ 
choses in which by means of douches, etc., every 
morbid expression is attempted to be curbed. 

in-tol'e-rance. Lack of ability to stand pain or the 
action of light, sound, or heat or of any partic¬ 
ular drug. [< L. in not-f tolera're to bear.] 

in-tox'i-cant. A drug or substance capable of in¬ 
toxicating. 

in-tox-i-ca'tion. i. The state of being drunk; ebri- 
ety; inebriety. 2. Constitutional poisoning. ts~ 
Infection. 

in'tra vi'tam. “ During life,” as of staining certain 
tissues, micro-organisms, etc. [L.] 

in'tra-. Within; inside: a combining form. 
Inter-. [L.] indrasab-dom'i-nal, within the ab¬ 
domen.— in-trasac'i-nar, -nous, in the interior of 
an acinus.— in’trasa-rach'noid, within the arach¬ 
noid space.— in‘tra=ar-te'ri al, within the arteries, 
as I. injection, an injection of medicinal sub¬ 
stances into an artery.— in'tra=ar-tic'u-lar, with¬ 
in a joint.— in-tra-bron'chi al, inside of or into a 
bronchus.— in-tra-buc'cal, within the mouth or 
cheek.— indra-can-a-lic'u-lar, within canaliculi, 
especially those of the breast, as 7 . papilloma, a 
non-malignant growth within the substance of 
certain organs, especially the breast.— in-tra- 
cap'su-lar, (i) within a capsule; (2) within a 
capsular ligament, as 7 . ankylosis, ankylosis due 
to consolidation of masses of bone, connective 
tissue, and cartilage: and 7 . fracture, fracture of 
the portion of a bone within the capsule of a 
joint.— in-tra-car'di ac, wdthin the heart, as 7 . 
ganglia, certain nerve-ganglia within the sub¬ 
stance of the heart, governing the ordinary 
heart-movements: 7 . injection, an injection into 
the heart-cavity: and 7 . pressure, the pressure 
of the blood within the heart.— in-tra-car'- 
pal, within the carpus.— indra-car-ti-lag'i-nous, 
within a cartilage, as 7 . ossification, the forma¬ 
tion of a bone within cartilage.— in-tra-cel'lu- 
lar, situated within a cell or cells, as 7 . neUwork, 
the reticulum of spongioplasm which is some¬ 
times seen within the protoplasm of cells.— in*- 
tra-ce-phal'ic, within the head.— indra-cer-e- 
bel'lar, within the cerebellum.— in-tra-cer'e-bral, 
situated or taking place within the cerebrum.— 
in-tra-cer'vi-cal, within the neck, especially that 
of the uterus.— in-tra-cil'i-a-ry fibres, nerve-fibres 
arising within the ciliary body of the cerebellum. 
— in-tra-cos'tal muscle or in-tra-cos-ta'lis, any 
one of the internal intercostal muscles.'— in-tra- 
cra'nial, within the skull, as 7 . aneurism, an 
aneurism occurring within any of the cranial 
cavities: and 7 . hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage; 
hemorrhage within the, cranial cavity.— in'tra- 
cru-rae'us = vastus internus. — in-tra-cul'mi- 
nate, within the culmen of the cerebellum.— 
in'tra-cu-ta'ne ous injection, an injection into the 
substance of the skin.— in-tra-cys'tic, (i) within 
a cyst; (2) within the urinary bladder.— in'trad, 
toward the interior.— in-tra-der'mic = intracu- 
taneous. — in-tra-du'ral, situated on the inner 
side of the dura mater.— in'trasep-i-the'li al 
plexus, nerv'es passing from the subepithelial 
plexus to the comeal epithelium.— in'tra-fe-ta'- 
tion, in'tra-foe-ta'tion, the formation of one foetus 
within another, Engastrius; epigastrius; 
TERATOMA. — in-tra-fi'lar mass = paramitomk. 
— in-tra-fis'su-ral plate, a layer of the pia mater 


IRTRA- 


466 


INTUSSUSCEPTION 


extending into the ventral fissure of the spinal 
cord. — in-tra-fis'tu-lar, within a fistula, as I. 
cauterization . — in-tra-fu'sion, the introduction 
of fluid into the blood*vessels.— in-tra-glob'u-lar, 
within bloodscorpuscles.— in-tra-gy'ral, situated 
within a convolution.— in’- 
tra-hem-i-spher'ic, within a 
cerebral hemisphere, as I. 
fibres = association fibres 
OF THE CEREBRUM.—in'tra- 
he-pat'ic, within the liver. 

— in-tra-la-ryn'ge al, within 
the larynx. — in*tra-lig-a- 
men'ta-ry pregnancy, preg¬ 
nancy occurring in the broad 
ligament of the uterus.— in*- 
tra-lig-a-men'tous, within a 
ligament.— in-tra-lin'gual, 
within the substance of the 
tongue. — in-tra-lob'u-lar, 
within a lobule, as I. biliary 
canals, the fine branches of 
the bile=ducts, forming a net* 
work in and around the liver* 
cells : and I. veins, branches 
of the hepatic veins of the 
liver which arise within the 
hepatic lobules; central veins. 

— in-tra-med'ul-la-ry, ( i) 
within the spinal cord; (2) 
within the substance of a 
mass of marrow.— in-tra- 
mem'bra-nous, in the sub¬ 
stance of a membrane.— in‘- 
tra-me-nin'ge al, (i) within the meninges; (2) less 
correctly, between the meninges; intermeningeal. 

— in'tra-mo-lec'u-lar, within a molecule, as I. 
change, a rearrangement of the atoms of a mole¬ 
cule.— in-tra-mu'ral, within a wall or definite 
limits.— in-tra-mus'cu-lar, within the substance 
of a muscle, as I. injection. — in-tra-na'sal, within 
the nose.— in-tra-nu'cle-ar, within a nucleus, as 
I. chromatin nei^work. — m-tra=oc'u-lar, within 
the eyeball, as I. hemorrhage: I. images, optical 
images due to intra*ocular objects (muscle voli- 
TANTES, etc.): I. myc>/owy= Hancock’s oper.\- 
TiON, def. i: and I. tension or pressure, the hydro¬ 
static pressure within the eyeball.— in-trasor'- 
bi-tal, within the orbit, as I. aneurism, an aneu¬ 
rism within the orbit of the eye; and I. hemor¬ 
rhage, hemorrhage within the orbit, behind the 
capsule of Tenon.— in-tra=os'se ous, within a 
bone, or within bony tissue.— in'tra=o-va'rian, 
within the substance of the ovary.— in‘tra-pa- 
ra-cen'tral, situated in the paracentral sulcus or 
within a paracentral lobule, as I. fissure, a de¬ 
pression in the paracentral convolution.— in'tra- 
pa-ri'e-tal, within the substance of a wall, as /. 
fissure — PARIETAL FISSURE of Pansch and Dal¬ 
ton: and I. separation, separation of the tunics 
of an artery caused by a dissecting aneurism.— 
in’tra-pe-dun'cu-lar paralysis, paralysis of the 
muscles of the eyes due to a lesion situated be¬ 
tween the cerebral crura.— in-tra-pel'vic, within 
the pelvis.— in‘tra-per-i-to-ne'al, within the per¬ 
itoneal sac.— in-tra-plan'tar, situated on the inner 
side or near the inner border of the sole.— in- 
tra-pleu'ral, within the pleural cavity.— in-tra- 
pon'tine, within the substance of the pons varolii. 

— in'tra-pro-to-plas'mic, occurring within proto¬ 
plasm. — in-tra-pul'mo-na-ry, within or into the 
lungssubstance.— in‘tra-py-ret'ic amputation, an 


amputation performed during the presence of 
inflammatory fever; intermediate amputation. 
— in-tra-ret'i-nal, within the retinal substance.— 
in'tra-rha-chid'ian, within the spinal column.— 
in-tra-scle'ral, within the sclera.— in-tra-scro'tal, 
within the scrotum.— in-tra-spi'nal, within the 
spinal canal.— in-tra-tar'sal, situated near the 
inner border of the tarsus.— in*tra-tes-tic'u-lar, 
within the testicle. — in‘tra-tho-rac'ic, within the 
thorax, as I. aneurism: and I. pressure, the nega¬ 
tive intrapleural pressure due to the tendency 
of the lungs to collapse.— in-tra-ton'sil-lar, within 
the substance of a tonsil.— in-tra-tra'che al in¬ 
jections, injections as of antiseptic oils, by means 
of a tube passed into the mouth and larynx.— 
in-tra-tu'bal, within the fallopian tube.— 'in-tra- 
tu'bu-lar nephritis, nephritis. — in’tra-tym- 
pan'ic, within the tympanic cavity.— in‘trasu-re'- 
thral, within the urethra. — in-trasu'te-rine, with¬ 
in the uterus, as I. amputation, amputation by 
constricting amniotic bands: I. dislocation, a dis¬ 
location which occurred before birth; congenital 
dislocation: I. drowning, death from breathing in 
liquor amnii: I. fracture, a fracture occurring to 
the foetus: I. pessary, a stem pessary: I. respi¬ 
ration, the actual breathing of the foetus before 
birth; and I. vaccination, immunity to smallpox 
in the foetus from vaccination of the mother.— 
in-tra-vag'i-nal, within the vagina, or within a 
sheath. — in-trav-a-sa'tion, the abnormal entry 
of foreign matters into vessels.— in-tra-vas'cu- 
lar, within vessels, as I. injection, an injection into 
the vessels of the body: and I. tubercle, a tubercle 
developed in the intima of a blood=vessel.— in- 
tra-ve'nous, within a vein or veins.— in*tra-ven- 
tric'u-lar, within a ventricle, as I. nucleus or por¬ 
tion = nucleus caudatus*. — in-tra-ves'i-cal, 
within the bladder.— in*tra-vi-tel'line, within the 
vitellus or yolk. 

in-trac'ta-ble ulcer. = Indolent ulcer. 

in-trin'sic. Internal; inherent; inborn; genuine; 
essential. I. auricular muscles, auricular 
MUSCLES. I. muscles, muscles attached wholly 
within the limits of an organ and its accessory 
parts. I. respiration, the repeated breathing of 
a limited quantity of air. 

in'tro-. Within; into: a combining form. [L.] in- 
tro-ces'sion, an abnormal falling in or depression 
of any part.— in-tro-duce', to insert (as a specu¬ 
lum, bougie, or tent). — in-tro-flexed', bent 
strongly inward.— in-tro'i-tus, entrance, as I. (or 
apertu'ra) pel'vis supe'rior, the upper or abdami- 
nal strait of the pelvis: and I. vagi'ncB, the 
vestibule of the vagina.— in-tro-mis'sion, the in¬ 
sertion of one thing or part into another, fin- 
tro-mit'tent.— in‘tro-sus-cep'tion = intussuscep¬ 
tion. — in-tro-ver'sion, the state of being turned 
inside out, as I. of the iris, a bending backward 
of the iris upon the ciliary body.— in-tro-vert', 
to turn inward (as the eyes); to turn within it¬ 
self, or inside out (as the uterus). 

in-tu-ba'tion. The insertion of a tube, especially 
(I. tube) into the larynx, and its fixation, fin'- 
tu-ba-tor, an intubation apparatus. 

in-tu-mes'cence. A swelling, normal or abnormal, 
as the filled seminal vesicles, fin-tu-mes'cent. 

intumescen'tia cervicaTis*. The cervical enlarge¬ 
ment of the spinal cord. I. lumbaTis*, the lumbar 
enlargement of the spinal cord. 

in’tus-sus-cep^tion. A condition in which a portion 
of intestine (the intussuscep'tum) has passed, for 
some length, within another portion (the intus- 



Intralobular Bili- 
ary Canals.— 
From a Golgi im¬ 
pregnation speci¬ 
men. 


INULA 


467 


IODINE 


suscip'iens), thereby obstructing the passage of 
their contents and causing serious disease; indig- 
itation; invagination. Retrograde i., one in which 
a portion of the bowel is invaginated into a 
higher portion. [< L. in'tus within + suscip'ere 
to receive.] fin'tus-sus-cep'tive. 

In'ula. I. A genus of composite perennial herbs. 
2. The 1890 U. S. P. name for the root of In'ula 
hele'nium (elecampane); a tonic and gentle stim¬ 
ulant. [ A corruption of Hele'nium.^ thi^u-lin. 
I. A crystalline, levorotatory starch from the 
root of In'ula hele'nium, and many other plants, 
soluble in boiling water without gelatinizing, and 
deposited unchanged on cooling. 2. A resinoid, 
or dried precipitate, from the tincture of elecam¬ 
pane: aromatic, stimulant, expectorant, tonic, and 
stomachic, in'u-loid, a derivative of inulin occur¬ 
ring in Jerusalem artichoke, in'u-lol = alantol. 
in-unc'tion. The act of rubbing in ointment, or 
of simply anointing: a method of applying cer¬ 
tain substances to the cutaneous surface for 
absorption. [< L. in into -f un'guere to anoint.] 
in-us'tion. The burning operation of the actual 
cautery. [< L. in in -|- u'rere to burn.] 
in-vag-i-na'tion. i. = Intussusception. 2. An 
operation for hernia, in which, after reduction, 
the skin is thrust by the finger of the operator 
into the canal, so as to form a cubdessac, open 
externally, retained by means of sutures, etc., 
until inflammation and adhesion ensue, with the 
view of obliterating the canal. tiii“Vag'i-na-ted, 
thrust inward so as to become ensheathed. 
in-vag'i-na-tor, an instrument for invagination, 
in'va-lid. i. Not well. 2. One who is suffering 
from sickness or debility. [< L. inval'idus, fr. 
in neg.-l- val'idus strong.] fui^va-Iid-ism. 
in-va'sion. i . The first development of the phenom¬ 
ena of a disease; onset or attack; access: used 
to express the manner in which a disease com¬ 
mences. 2. Infection with organozoa, as trich¬ 
inae, echinococci, etc. [< L. inva'dere to invade.] 
in-ver-mi-na'tion. The diseased condition caused 
by the presence of intestinal worms. [ < L. in 
within + vermina're to have worms.] 
in-verse', in-ver'ted. Turned upside down; reversed. 
I. current, an ascending current. I. tempera¬ 
ture, a bodystemperature which shows a maxi¬ 
mum in the morning and a minimum in the even¬ 
ing. [< L. to turn inward.] fiii'Verse'ly. 

in-ver'sion. i. A turning upside down, inside out, or 
end for end; a changing to the contrary (0-IN v ert* 
sugar), as in sexual inversion; transposition, as 
of viscera. I. of the eye=lashes = entropion. I. 
of the testis, inward rotation of the testis about 
a vertical axis. I. of the uterus, the state of the 
womb being turned inside out, as by violently 
drawing away the attached placenta. I. of the 
vagina, prolapse of the vagina. 2. The sugar* 
splitting produced by invertin. 
in-ver'tase. = Inv ertin. 

in-ver'tin. Any ferment which changes disaccha¬ 
rides to monosaccharides, especially that of the 
intestinal mucous membrane; invertase. fill" 
ver'ting fermentation, the hydrolysis of saccha¬ 
rose, lactose, or maltose to dextrose, levulose, or 
galactose, as by the intestinal juice or by other 
inverting enzymes, in'vertssug-ar, an amorphous 
sugar consisting of equal parts of dextrose 
and levulose produced by the fermentation of 
saccharose: so called because its total rotation is 
in the opposite direction from that of the original 
sugar before inversion. 



Isolated Involun¬ 
tary - MUSCLE 
Cells from In¬ 
testine of Man. 


in-vest'ment. In dentistry, the material for cov¬ 
ering: used in connection with solder work, 
fin-vest', in-vest'ing. 

in-vet'e-rate. Confirmed and chronic; long estab¬ 
lished and of difficult or slow cure. I. hernia, 
chronic hernia. I. ulcer, an indolent ulcer. 

in-vi-ril'i-ty. Lack of virility; impotence on the 
part of the male. 

in-vis-ca'tion. Insalivation; the mixing of the 
food with saliva and mucus of the mouth. [ < 
L. in in -I- vis'cum slime.] 

in'vo-lu-cre, in-vo-lu'crum. i. A membrane cov¬ 
ering any part; a membra¬ 
nous or capsular envelope, as 
of a tumor. 2. The sheath of 
new bone surrounding the 
sequestrum in necrosis. 

in-voTun-ta-ry. Performed 
without volition; independ¬ 
ent of the action of one’s will. 

I. muscles, muscles not con¬ 
trolled by the will; plain or 
nonsstriated muscles. fin- 
vol*un-to-mo'to-ry, pertain¬ 
ing to or possessing motility 
which is not dependent on 
volition. 

in-vo-lu'tion. i. A rolling or 
pushing inward. 2 . A retro¬ 
grade process of change, the 
reverse of evolution: applied 
especially to the return of the 
uterus to its normal size and 
condition after parturition. 

I. forms, irregular forms which 
certain bacteria, as Bacil'lus 

diphthe'rice, sometimes take on after death or from 
insufficient nutrition, etc. 

i'od-. = I0D0-: a combining form. [< 

purple.] i’o-dac-e-tan'i-lide = iodantifebrin.— 
i'o-dal, a substance, C2I3HO, analogous to chloral 
chemically and therapeutically, but containing 
iodine in the place of chlorine.— i-o-dal'de-hyde, 
an aldehyde prepared by mixing together iodine, 
iodic acid, and a solution of aldehyde.— i-od-am'- 
ide, an amide in which iodine is substituted for 
one or both hydrogen atoms in the group NH2. 
— ro-dan-ti-feb'rin, an insoluble crystalline sub¬ 
stance, CgH^INH (C2H3O); iodacetanilide.— i'o- 
dan-ti-py'rme= lODOPYRiNE.— i'o-date, a salt of 
iodic acid.— i'o-da-ted, containing iodine.— i-o'- 
di a, a proprietary alterative said to contain po¬ 
tassium iodide, iron phosphate, stillingia, and 
menispermum.— -i-od'ic acid, an acid, HIO3, form¬ 
ing a white powder. It has been given hypoder¬ 
mically in glandular enlargements.— i'o-dide, a 
binary combination of iodine with a base.— 
i-od'i-pin, a 10% chemical solution of iodine in 
oil of sesame, which may be used subcutane¬ 
ously. i^Bromipin. 

i'o-dine. A non*metallic element ; iodum* of the 
U. S. P.: at. wt., 125.90; sp. gr., 4.94;symbol, I. 
It is a volatile, crystalline solid, with a color 
and lustre like those of graphite, a distinctive 
odor, and a sharp, acrid taste. Its vapor is 
said to be the heaviest of all vapors or gases, 
its gravity compared with air being 8.7. It 
is freely soluble in alcohol and ether and spar¬ 
ingly soluble in water. Iodine resembles chlor¬ 
ine in chemical properties, and is one of the 
monad elements. It is obtained from certain 
seaweeds, from sponge, from iodides, etc. Iodine 










lODO- 


468 


IPECACUANHA 


operates as a general excitant of the vital 
actions, especially of the absorbent and glandu¬ 
lar systems. It is much employed as a remedy 
in scrofula and in syphilis, and externally as a 
counterirritant in many conditions. In over¬ 
doses it is an irritant poison, and a dose which 
would act very moderately in a large majority of 
cases will sometimes produce, in certain constitu¬ 
tions, the most distressing symptoms, such as 
extreme restlessness, nausea, palpitations, vomit¬ 
ing and purging, violent cramps, etc., attended 
with permanently injurious effects on the system. 
^ Leary’s IKI solution. I. acne, an eruption 
of pustules produced by the continued use of 
iodides. I. albuminate, dried iodized albumin, 
containing about 3 % of iodine and forming a 
readily absorbed iodine preparation. I. lini¬ 
ment = linimentum lODi. I. ointment = UN- 
GUENTUM lODI*. I. tincture = TINCTURA lODI*. 
I. trichloride, a reddish^yellow substance, ICI3, 
used in a 5% solution. I. value or I. (absorp¬ 
tion) number, the percentage of its weight of io¬ 
dine absorbed by a fat or oil under standard 
conditions, as 102 to 108, the iodine value of 
cotton*seed oil, which absorbs a trifle more than 
its own weight of iodine. [< •violet=col- 

ored.] ti^O"dism, the derangement of the system 
produced by the use of iodine and its salts, i'o- 
dized = lODATED, as I. carbolic acid= kcidmu 
CARBOLicuM lODATUMi I. collodioH, collodion con¬ 
taining 20 grs. of iodine to the fluidounce, used for 
obtaining the effects of iodine rapidly, especially 
on tumors; I. phenol = acidum carbolicum ioda- 
tum: and 7 . = amylum iodatum. 

'o-do-. Pertaining to iodine: 10 D-: a combining 
form. [< purple.] i'o-do=an-ti-feb'rin = 

lODANTiFEBRiN. —i’o-dosan-ti-py'rine = iodan- 
TiPYRiNE — i-o'do-fan, an organic synthetic io¬ 
dine compound. 

—i-o'do-form = 



Hexagonal Crystals of Iodo¬ 
form FROM Acetone in Dia¬ 
betic Urine. 


lODOFORMUM*. 

I .bacilli of Spaeth 
and Braun, uter¬ 
ine suppositories 
having iodoform 
as a basis. 7 . 
cotton, cotton im¬ 
pregnated with 
iodoform. 7 . 
gauze — CARBASUS lODOFORMATA. fi-o'do-for- 
mism, iodoform poisoning: its chief symptom is 
mental disturbance, i-o'do-for-mized celloidin, 
celloidin impregnated with iodoform; used as an 
occlusive dressing, i-o-do-for'min, a preparation 
of iodoform without its odor.— i*o-do-for-mo-gen, 
iodoform albuminate, a nearly odorless dusting 
powder.— i-o-do-for'mum*, iodoform, CHI3, an 
organic iodine compound, usually obtained by 
the action of iodine upon alcohol in the presence 
of an alkali or alkali carbonate; tri*iodomethane. 
It is analogous to chloroform and occurs in the 
form of small, yellow, hexagonal, lustrous crys¬ 
tals, of a peculiar, penetrating odor, and is solu¬ 
ble in alcohol and ether. Its properties are anaes¬ 
thetic and antiseptic. Externally, it is much 
used in the form, of ointment as a stimulant 
anaesthetic application to painful or irritable 
ulcers and to cancer, also as a dressing for opera¬ 
tion wounds. It is given internally and hypo¬ 
dermically in pulmonary tuberculosis and terti¬ 
ary syphilis. Dose, 0.250 Gm. (4 grs.). I. aro- 
matiza'tum (N.F.), aromatized iodoform, a prep¬ 


aration containing 4% of coumarin; deodorized 
iodoform.— ro-do-hy-drar'gy-rate, a double io¬ 
dide of mercury and another base, as Potassium 
L, mercuropotassium iodide, Hglj-CKIjg.— i-o'do- 
lum*, i'o-dol, tetra*iodopyrrhol, C4I4.NH, a 
derivative of the base pyrrhol, obtained by the 
direct action of iodine upon the base in the pres¬ 
ence of alcohol; pyrrhol tetriodide. It is a valu¬ 
able antiseptic, and is used in dressing wounds 
and sores, and sometimes internally in scrofula, 
tertiary syphilis, and diabetes. Dose, 0.250 Gm. 
(4 grs.).— i-o-dol'y-sin, a proprietary compound 
of thiosinamine and iodine.— i‘o-do-me'the, the 
nervous state induced by too much iodine, 
loDisM.— i'o-do-naph'thol = naphtholsaris- 
TOL.— i'o-done, a proprietary organic base of po¬ 
tassium iodide, iodine, and the anhydride of 
phthalic acid.— i'o-do-phe-nac'e-tin, a reddish, 
crystalline substance; said to be a powerful ger¬ 
micide and locally irritant.— i*o-do-phe*no-chlo'- 
ral, a preparation made by mixing tincture of 
iodine, carbolic acid, and chloral hydrate.— i*o- 
do-phil'i a, a condition of the blood in which cer¬ 
tain neutrophiles contain granules that stain 
brown with iodine: present in leukaemia, septi¬ 
caemia, and many other conditions.— i-o-doph'- 
thi -sis, wasting due to excessive use of iodine. 

loDiSM.— i'o-do-py'rine, a colorless, crystal¬ 
line substitution product, C^jHjjINgO, of anti- 
PYRiNE, which it resembles; iodantipyrine; iodo= 
antipyrine.— i‘o-do-qUin'ine, a brown, crystal¬ 
line substance, 2C20H24N2O2I2. 7 . sulphate = 

HERAPATHiTE.— i-o-do'sis=ioDisM. — i’o-do-sper'- 
min, a crystalline product from spermatic fluid 
after treatment with iodine and potassium iodide. 

— i’o-do-tan'nin, a preparation of iodine and 
tannin having alterative and astringent qualities. 

— i*o-do-ther'a-py, the therapeutic use of iodine. 

— i'o-do-thi'o-phene, thiophene iodide.— ro-do- 
thy'rin. i, A non^proteid constituent of the 
thyroid secretion containing iodine. 2. A thyroid 
preparation of the same strength as the fresh 
gland.— i-od'o-zone, a liquid antiseptic com¬ 
pounded of iodine and ozone. 

i-o'dum*. = Iodine. 
i-o'du-ret. = Iodide. 

i'on. A dissociated part of a molecule in a solu¬ 
tion ; an atom with its associated electric change. 

Anion; cation; electron, fi-on'ic, as 7 . 
theory, the theory of ions, dissociations, etc.: and 
7 . medication = CKTX'PnoRT&si^. i'o-nize. i-on*- 
to-pho-re'sis = cataphoresis. 
lonid'ium. A genus of violaceous plants, the root 
of 7 . microphyl'lum being a powerful emetic and 
purgative. The root of 7 . ipecacuan'ha is called 
white ipecacuanha, and is .said to be a valuable 
emetic. 7 . marcu'ti and 7 . parviflo'rum are said 
to be the sources of cuichunchulli. 
i-o'nium. A radio-active substance isolated from 
uranium and considered a precursor of radium. 
i-o-sorp'tol. A sapigenous iodine liquid, 
i-o'ta-cism. Difficulty in pronouncing the letter i . 
i-o'thi-on. A di*iodoglycen, containing about 80% 
iodine; a similar 25% preparation for veterinary 
purposes being known as i-o'the-o-nal. 

I=para. =Primipar.a. Ilspara, etc., are used in 
the same manner for secundipara, etc. 
ip'e-cac, ip-e-cac'u-an. = Ipecacuanha*. 
ip-e-cac-u-an'ha*, ip'e-cac. i. A name given to 
several very different species of plants. 2. The 
U. S. P. name of the dried root of Cephae'lis ipe¬ 
cacuan'ha, to which may be attached a portion of 


IPOMCEA 


409 


IRITIS 


the stem not exceeding 7 Cm. in length, known 
commercially as Rio, Brazilian, or Para ipecac, or 
the corresponding portion of C. acumina'ta, 
known commercially as Carthagena ipecac, yield¬ 
ing when assayed by the U. S. P. process not less 
than 2% of ipecac alkaloids. Ipecacuanha in 
small doses, as 0.065 Gm. (i gr.), is a diapho¬ 
retic and expectorant; in large doses, as i Gm. 
(15 grs.), it is an emetic. Even a moderate dose 
sometimes acts on the bowels. I. spurge = Eu¬ 
phorbia IPECACU.\NH.\. [A TupisGuarani word, 
from Brazil, said to mean “ smaller road^side sick* 
making plant.”] 

Ipomce'a. A genus of convolvulaceous plants, 
many of which are purgative. The root of I. 
pandura'ta is said to act like rhubarb. I. tur- 
pe'thum produces turpeth root. [K'l-i' worm -|- 
oiioioq like.] acid, a crystalline sub¬ 

stance, CjqHj^O^, formed by the action of nitric 
acid on various organic acids, such as convolvulic 
acid. ip-o-moe'in, a white glucoside powder, 
C7gHi3203g, obtained from I. pandura'ta. 

Ir. I. Abbr. for internal resistance. 2. vSymbol 
for IRIDIUM. 

i-ral'gia. Pain in the iris. [< Iris + a?.yog pain.] 

i‘ri-an-cis'tri um, -cis'tron. A hook=shaped instru¬ 
ment used in the operation for artificial pupil by 
separation. [< Iris -h dyKioTpov fish=hook.] 

ir'id-, ir'i-do-. Pertaining to the iris, to irides¬ 
cence, or to iridium: a combining form. [< 
L. i'ris, fr. Ipcg, Ipidog rainbow.] ir-i-dae'mi a, 
hemorrhage from the iris.— irfi-dal, relating to 
the iris, as I. = pupillary reflex. — ir-i- 

dal'gia = iralgia. — irfi-daux-e'sis, fibrinous 
thickening of the iris.— ird-da-vul'sion = irido= 
AVULSION. — ir-i-dec'tome, a knife for iridec¬ 
tomy. — ir-i-dec‘to-me-di-al'y-sis, the formation 
of an artificial pupil by detaching from the 
ciliary ligament and excising part of the iris.— 
ir-i-dec'to-my, the operation of forming an arti¬ 
ficial pupil by removing or cutting out a portion 
of the iris; corectomia. Antiphlogistic i., iridec¬ 
tomy performed to diminish the intra^ocular ten¬ 
sion in inflammatory conditions. Optic or optical 
i., iridectomy performed for the purpose of en¬ 
larging the pupil when it is in any way covered 
or abnormally small. Preliminary i., iridectomy 
performed in order to enlarge the space through 
which a cataract is to be extracted. g®-Iri- 
DOTOMY. — ir-i-dec'tro-py, eversion of a portion 
of the iris.— ird-del-co'sis, an ulcer or an ulcer¬ 
ated state of the iris.— ird-den-clei'sis, the for¬ 
mation of an artificial pupil by strangulating a 
part of the iris in a corneal incision.— ir*i-den- 
tro'pium, inversion of a portion of the iris.— 
i-rid-e-re'mi a, defect or imperfect condition of 
the iris, Aniridia. — ir'i-des, pi. of iris. — 

ir-i-des'cent, exhibiting the colors of the rainbow, 
as I. vision, a disordered state of vision in which 
objects appear bordered with a rainbow^like 
band of color.— i-rid'e-sis, an operation for arti¬ 
ficial pupil, which consists in binding with a 
thread a portion of the iris, so as to strangulate 
it.— i-rid'ian, i-rid'ic, relating to the iris.— ir'i- 
din, the cholagogue and cathartic oleoresin of 
Pris versic'olor, or blue flag.— i-rid'i-scope, an 
instrument for observing the interior of the eyes. 
— i-rid'ium, a silver=white metallic element, 
at. wt., 191.5; symbol, Ir. Elements, table 
OP. — ir*i-di-za'tion, the iridescent appearance 
seen about a light by persons affected with 
glaucoma.— ird-dosa-vuTsion, a term applied to 


the total removal of the iris by tearing it away 
from its periphery.— ir'i-do-cele, hernia in which 
a portion of the iris is protruded.— ird-do-cho- 
roi-di'tis, inflammation of the iris and choroid 
coat of the eye. I. consccuti'va is usually sec¬ 
ondary to iritis. I. sponta'nea occurs as a pri¬ 
mary disease. I. sympath'ica is a form of sym¬ 
pathetic ophthalmia.— irfi-do-ci-ne'sis, the move¬ 
ment of the iris, its contraction and expansion. 

— ir'i-do-col-o-bo'ma, coloboma or fissure of the 

iris.— ir*i-do-cor'ne al angle, the angle at the 
junction of the iris, cornea, sclerotica, and ciliary 
muscle. — irfi-do-cy-cli'tis, inflammation of the 
iris and ciliary circle of the eye.— ird-do-cycdo- 
cho-roi-di'tis, inflammation of the iris, ciliary 
body, and choroid.— ir-i-dod'e-sis = iridesis. — 
ir*i-do-di-al'y-sis. i. The operation of separating 
the iris from its attachments. 2. The operation for 
artificial pupil by separation, Coredialysis. — 

ir'i-do-do-ne'sis, trembling or agitation of the iris. 
—ir’i-do-ki-ne'sis = iridocinesis. — ir'i-dol, a de¬ 
rivative, CftHjoOg, of iridic acid, from Iris. — i-rid'- 
o-lin, an oily liquid, CjgHgN, isomeric with lepi- 
din, obtained from coabtar.— ir*i-do-ma-la'ci a, 
softening of the iris.— ir*i-do-mo'tor, producing 
motion of the iris.— ir-i-don'cus, tumor or swell¬ 
ing of the iris; a tumid iris.— ir*i-do-pa-ral'y-sis, 
any paralysis of the iris.— ir*i-do-par'e-sis, pare¬ 
sis or sluggishness of the iris under the natural 
stimulus of light; partial iridoplegia.— irfi-do- 
per-i-pha-ci'tis, inflammation of the capsule of 
the lens of the eye.— ird-do-pla'ni a = iridodo- 
NESis. —• ir*i-do-plat'i-num, an alloy of platinum 
with (usually) about 10% iridium. — irfi-do-ple'- 
gia, paralysis of the pupil, as Accommodative i., 
failure of the iris to contract with accommodation: 
and Reflex i., failure of the iris to contract under 
the stimulus of light. ^ ArgyllsRobertson 
PUPIL. — ifi-dop-to'sis, prolapse of the iris.— ir'i- 
do-pu'pil-la-ry, relating to the iris and the pupil. 

— ir*i-dor-rhex'is, rupture or fracture of the iris. 

— ir-i-dos'chi-sis, coloboma of the iris. — i-rid'o- 
scope = iRiDiscoPE. — ir'i-dq-tome, an instru¬ 
ment for performing iridotomy. — ir-i-dot'o- 
my, incision of the iris, particularly the operation 
for artificial pupil, in which the iris is divided 
and the cut edges are allowed to retract. 
Iridectomy. — ir*i-do’va-lo'sis, an oval condition 
of the pupil of the eye. 

I'ris, pi. ir'ides. i. A delicate circular membrane 
of the eye, suspended vertically behind the cor¬ 
nea, and perforated by the pupil: named from 
the variety of its colors. I. diaphragm, ^dia¬ 
phragm. I. contraction reflex= pupillary re¬ 
flex. 2. A genus of perennial plants, compris¬ 
ing many species, natives of Europe, the United 
States, etc. Their roots are generally cathartic 
and emetic. Also the 1890 U. S. P. name for the 
rhizome and rootlets of Pris versic'olor, or blue 
flag: cathartic and diuretic. 3. A term applied 
to diseased conditions of the skin in which there 
are concentric circles with an efflorescent centre, 
as in HERPES iris. [L., fr. Ipi^, Ipidoq rainbow.] 

I'rishmoss. =Chondrus*. I. whisky, 1 ^- whisky. 

i'ri-sin. = I rid in. 

i-ri-sop'sia. The seeing of objects surrounded by 
colored rings of light. [< ’tpu; rainbow -I- ufnj 
vision.] 

i-rit'ic. Pertaining to iritis. 

i-ri'tis. Inflammation of the iris, as from local ir¬ 
ritation, diabetes, gonorrhoea, rheumatic fever, 
syphilis, or tuberculosis. Condylomatous i. or 1. 


.a .*3 .b 


IRITOMY 


470 


ISCHI- 


papulo'sa, iritis with condylomata or papules in 
the iris. I. gummo'sa, iritis with gummata in 
the iris. I. parenchymato'sa, infiltration of an 
inflammatory exudate into the iris itself. Plastic 
i., iritis with an exudate of fibrinous matter 
which forms a new growth of connective tissue. 
Purulent i., iritis attended by the formation of 
pus. Serous i., iritis with an exudate of serum. 
Sympathetic i., iritis caused by transmission from 
the other eye; sympathetic ophthalmitis; oph¬ 
thalmia migratoria. Symptomatic i., iritis from 
general disease, as in diabetes, 
i-rit'o-my. =Iridotomy. 

i'ron. The strongest, most common, and most use¬ 
ful of the metals; ferrum*: atomic weight 55.5, 
symbol Fe, specific gravity about 7.7. It is used 
in medicine as a haematinic and astringent, and 
in the form of copperas as a disinfectant. I. and 
ammonium citrate = ferri et ammonii citras*. 
I.sbath, a bath containing iron sulphate: used 
for scrofulous and rhachitic children. I. bromide 
= FERROUS BROMIDE. I.sfree haematin = H^MA- 
TOPORPHYRIN. I. piaster = EMPLASTRUM FERRI. 

1. swood = OSTRYA VIRGINICA. 
ir-ra-di-a'tion. The phenomenon of the apparent 

enlargement of a body strongly illuminated, ts- 
Reflex; sympathetic. I. of pain, the spread¬ 
ing out of a painful sensation from the point of 
irritation, so that it seems to cover a wide area. 
[< L. irradia're to shine upon.] 
ir-re-du'ci-ble. Not reducible; not replaceable in 
its natural position. I. hernia, hernia. 
Lr-reg'u-lar. Deviating from rule; abnormal. I. 
astigmatism, tB- astigmatism. I. pulse, a pulse 
in which the beats are separated by unequal in¬ 
tervals. I. refraction, I. reflection, refraction or 
reflection of rays in which they are scattered in 
various directions. I. tubule, the portion of a 
URiNiFERous TUBULE between the end of the as¬ 
cending limb of Henle’s loop and the second con¬ 
voluted tubule; zigzag tubule: it winds in an 
irregular course between the convoluted tubules, 
-res'pi-ra-ble. Not fit for respiration. 

'ri-gant. A liquid used in irrigation. 

-ri-ga'tion. i. The continual application of 
water or of a lotion on an affected part; the 
washing out of a cavity by a stream of water. 

2. A liquid used in washing out a cavity or a 
wound. Mediate L, mediate. I. test, diag¬ 
nostic irrigation of the urethra, c®" Sevensglass 
TEST, fir'ri-ga-tor. 

ir*ri-ta-bil'i-ty. I. The power possessed by a cell 
or tissue of responding to a stimulus by some 
reaction, as amoeboid movement, muscular con¬ 
traction, formation of a secretion, or generation 
of a nervous or electrical impulse. 2. Morbid 
hyperexcitability, Electric i.; muscular i.; 
NERVOUS I. 

ir'ri-ta-ble. i. Endued with irritability; easily 
irritated. 2. In physiology, capable of feeling a 
stimulus and responding to it. I. bladder, an 
irritable, often painful, condition of the mucous 
membrane of the urinary bladder, marked by a 
constant desire to urinate. I. breast, a neuralgic 
condition of the mammary gland. I. heart, a 
condition of the heart characterized by palpita¬ 
tion, pain, a frequent pulse, and shortness of 
breath. I. spine, a condition, occurring usually 
in hysterical females, in which there are spinal 
pains, tenderness on pressure over the spine, ver¬ 
tigo, and nausea: due to anaemia. I. stricture, 
one in which the introduction of an instrument 


causes sharp pain. I. testicle, neuralgia of the 
testicle. I. tongue, a condition of the tongue in 
the dyspepsia of drunkards, in which it is clean 
and red* with enlarged papillae near its tip. I. 
ulcer, an ulcer in which the surface and surround¬ 
ing parts are red, painful, and tender, 
ir'ri-tant. i. Causing irritation. 2. That which 
causes irritation, pain, inflammation, and ten¬ 
sion, either by mechanical or by chemical action. 
The terms irritants and counterirritants are ap¬ 
plied to remedies used in diseases. I. poison, 

fB- POISON. 

ir-ri-ta'tion. r. The action or excessive action of 
any stimulus. 2. The state of a part which is 
irritated, indirect i. ; functional i.; reflex 
I.; SPINAL I. Cerebral i., the second stage of 
concussion of the brain. 

ir'ri-ta-tive. Pertaining to irritation. I. dyspepsia, 
dyspepsia due to irritation, usually catarrhal, of 
the stomach. I. fever, that violent derangement 
of the system which is excited by great irrita¬ 
tion, as from wounds, ulcers, etc. I. lesion, a 
lesion causing increase of functional activity, 
ir-ru-ma'tion. Introduction of the penis into the 
mouth of another person ; buccal coitus. [< L. 
irruma're to give suck.] 

i-sa-del'phi a. A form of twin monstrosity in which 
the foetuses are of about equal development. 
Isambert’s disease (i-zah-b#rz). Acute miliary tu¬ 
berculosis of the pharynx and larynx, 
i-sa'na-min. A blue intravenous stain prepared by 
Ehrlich. 

i-sa'pi-ol. An artificial form of apiol: recom¬ 
mended for anaemic headaches, 
i'sa-rol. An ichthyol derivative, 
i-sat^ic acid. A compound, CgH^NO^, formed by 
the action of an alkali on isatin. 
i'sa-tide. A white, crystalline substance, CigHi.^- 
N2O4, obtained from isatin by reduction, 
i'sa-tin. A reddish, crystalline substance, CgH^NOg, 
obtained by oxidizing indigo, 
i-sa-tox'im. A yellow, crystalline substance, CgH^- 
N.^02, from hydroxylamine and isatin. 
i-sa-trop'ic acid. A crystalline substance, CigHigO^, 
obtained by heating atropic acid, 
i-sa-tro-pyl-co'ca ine. An amorphous alkaloid, C19- 
H2.2NO4, from the leaves of coca, 
is-chae^mia, is-che^mia. i. A morbid suppression 
of a normal flow of blood, as in the case of the 
catamenia. 2. Imperfection of the blood^supply, 
local rather than general or continuous, and 
often depending on functional rather than struc¬ 
tural faults or defects. [< la^etv to restrain -t- 
al/xa blood.] fis-chae'mic, relating to or affected 
by ischaemia, as I. paralysis, motor paralysis 
due to interference with the blood ^supply to cer¬ 
tain parts of the nervous system, from too tight 
bandaging; Volkmann’s paralysis: and I. neuritis, 
a similar condition of the nerves, 
is-che'sis. Retention or suppression, as of a dis¬ 
charge. 

is'chi-. Relating to the ischium or to ischiatic 
structures; ischio-: a combining form. [<[ 
hip.] is'chiac, is-chi-ad'ic = ischiatic, as I., 
artery, the inferior gluteal artery: I. foramen 
SACROSCiATic FORAMEN: Middle i. foramen, an. 
occasional opening between the normal sacro¬ 
spinal ligament and an anomalous one: I. notch 
= SACROSCIATIC NOTCH: I, plexus, the sacral 

plexus: and I. symphysis = symphysis pubis. — 
is-chi-ad'o-cele = ischiocele. — is-chi-ag'ra, gout 
in the haunch; sciatica. i®-Gout; podagra._ 



ISCHIDROSIS 


471 


ISLET 


is'chial, relating to the ischium; sciatic. I. 
spine, an angular process projecting from the 
posterior inner border of the ischium. It gives 
attachment to the lesser sacrosciatic ligament, 
the levator ani, and the coccygeus. I. tube¬ 
rosity, the posterior inferior portion of the is¬ 
chium, upon which the body rests in the sitting 
position.— is-chi-al'gi a, is-chi-al'gy, is'chias, 
pain in the ischium, malum cotunni, sciatica, 
tis-chi-al'gic.— is-chi-at'ic, belonging to the is¬ 
chium, as I. artery, the sciatic artery; I. disease, 
sciatica: I.notch = sacrosciahic notch:/, region, 
the sciatic region: I. 5/>tne= ischial spine; and 
/. vein, the sciatic vein.— is’chi-a-ti'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of the sciatic nerve. 

is-chi-dro'sis. Deficiency or suppression of sweat. 
[aicX^iv to suppress-t-hlpwf sweat.] fis-chi- 
drot'ic. 

is'chi-ga-lac'tic. = Ischogalactic. 

is'chio-. Relating to the ischium or to ischiatic 
structures; ischi-: a combining form. {<i.iGxi-ov 
hip.] is'chi-o=a'nal, relating to the ischium and 
the anus.— is’chi-o-bul'bar, pertaining to the 
ischium and the bulb of the urethra.— is*chi-o- 
cal-ca'ne us, an occasional muscle arising from 
the long head of the biceps flexor cruris and 
inserted into the external tuberosity of the tibia 
and the femoral aponeurosis.— is'chi-o-cap'su-lar, 
relating both to the ischium and to the capsular 
ligament of the hip*joint, as I. ligament, the 
thickened portion of the capsular ligament of 
the hip=joint, extending between the ischium 
and the circular fibres or zona orbicularis.— is*- 
chi-o-cav-er-no'sus, the erector penis muscle.— 
is'chi-o-cele, hernia at the ischiatic foramen.— 
is'chi-o-cli-to'ri an, relating to the ischium and 
the clitoris.— is*chi-o-coc-cyg'e us. i. The coc¬ 
cygeus muscle. 2. The posterior portion of the 
levator ani muscle.— is*chi-o-con'dy-loid muscle, 
that portion of the adductor magnus muscle 
which is inserted into the internal condyle of the 
femur.— is*chi-o-did'y-mus, a double monster 
joined at the hips.— is*chi-o-dym'i a, i^somato- 
DYMiA. — is*chi-o-fem'o-ral, relating to the is¬ 
chium and the femur, as I. band or ligament, a 
ligamentous band strengthening the capsular lig¬ 
ament of the hipsjoint and reaching from the 
base of the great trochanter on its posterior as¬ 
pect to the tuberosity of the ischium: and I. 
muscle, an occasional muscle arising from the 
inner edge of the great tuberosity of the ischium 
and inserted into the lower end of the gluteal 
ridge of the femur.— is*chi-o-fib'u-lar, relating to 
the ischium and the fibula.— is’chi-o=il'iac, relat¬ 
ing to both the ischium and the ilium.— is'chi- 
o-my-e-li'tis, myelitis of the lumbar portion of 
the spinal cord; ixyomyelitis.— is'chi on = is¬ 
chium. — is*chi-o-neu-ral'gia, ischiatic neuralgia; 
sciatica.— is-chi-op'a-gus, a monstrosity having 
two bodies united at the hips; scelodymus. er 
Pygopagus. — is*chi-o-pe'nile, relating to the 
ischium and the penis.— is*chi-o-per-i-ne'al, relat¬ 
ing to the ischium and the perineum.— is-chi- 
oph'thi-sis, hipsjoint disease.— is‘chi-o-pros-tat'ic 
ligament, the deep perineal fascia.— is*chi-o-pu'- 
bic, relating to the ischium and the os pubis, as 
I. foramen = obturator foramen. — is*chi-o-pu- 
bi-ot'omy, division of the ischiopubic and hori¬ 
zontal branches of the pubis in cases of impossi¬ 
ble labor due to contracted pelvis; bipubiotomy. 
— is*chi-o-rec'tal, pertaining to the ischium and 
the rectum, as I. abscess or cellulitis, an abscess in 


the areolar tissue of the ischiorectal fossa: I. fas¬ 
cia, the fascia covering the perineal surface of the 
levator ani: I. fossa, a fossa situated between the 
side and lower end of the rectum and the lateral 
pelvic wall covered by the obturator intemus 
muscle: I. region, the region of the pelvic outlet 
between the ischium and the rectum: and I. seg¬ 
ment, that portion of the obturator fascia which 
lies below the white line and forms part of the 
outer wall of the ischiorectal fossa.— is‘chi-o-sa'- 
cral, relating to the ischium and the sacrum; 
sacrosciatic.— is*chi-o-tib'i al, relating to the 
ischium and the tibia.— is'chi-o-ver'te-bral, relat¬ 
ing to the ischium and the vertebral column, 
is'chi um. The posterior and inferior bone of the 
pelvis, distinct and separate in the foetus or the 
infant; or the corresponding part of the innomi¬ 
nate bone in the adult; os ischii*. [ < Igxl^ loin.] 
isch-no-pho'ni a. Weakness of the voice, 
is'cho-. Denoting suppression; diminution; re¬ 
straint: a combining form, {c^loxciv to check.] 
is-cho-chy'mi a, gastric dilatation, as from pyloric 
stenosis, with suppression of the normal digestive 
process. — is'cho-ce-no'sis, the suppression of a 
normal or habitual discharge. — is*cho-ga-lac'tic. 
I. Restraining the secretion of milk. 2. A medi¬ 
cine that tends to check the secretion of milk.— 
is-cho-lo'chi a, suppression, or partial suppression, 
of the lochia. — is-cho-me'nia, suppression of the 
menses.— is-cho-pho'ni a, a stammering or broken 
speech; impediment of speech.— 'is-cho-sper'mia, 
suppression of the semen.— is-chu-ret'ic. i. Per¬ 
taining to, affected with, or relieving ischuria. 2. 
A medicine which causes or cures ischuria.— is- 
chu'ria, retention of urine, as I. paradox'a, dis¬ 
tention of the bladder with inability to urinate 
but continual dribbling of urine, fis-chu'ric.— 
is-chu*ri-oph-thal'mi a, ophthalmia from suppres¬ 
sion of the urine. 



is’chy-o-my-e-li'tis. An erroneous form for ischi- 

OMYELITIS or IXYOMYELITIS. 

is'eth-i-on'ic acid. A yellow, oily fluid, CH^fOH)- 
CH.^S020H; oxysethyl sul- 
phonic acid. 

i'sin-glass. Gelatin from the 
airsbladder of the sturgeon; 
fishsglue; ichthyocolla. I. 

plaster = EMPLASTRUM ICII- 
THYOCOLL^ 

is'land of Laiigtrhans. Any 

one of the small, vascular 
areas of cells toward the 
centre of a pancreatic lobule 
which furnish an internal 
secretion affecting carbo¬ 
hydrate metabolism. I. of 
Reil, a central and triangu¬ 
lar lobe, or group of con¬ 
volutions, in either hemi¬ 
sphere of the cerebrum, situ¬ 
ated at the bottom of the 
fissure of Sylvius, covered 
in by the operculum, and 
made up of from five to 
seven short convolutions 
{gyri operti ); lobus centralis; 
insula cerebri. ^ Reil. 

is'let. I. A lobule, as of the 
liver. 2. A small patch, 
as of hardened nerve*sub- 
stance, in disseminated sclerosis 


Section of Pancre¬ 
as showing two 
Islands op Lan- 
gerhans. 


3, = Blood* 


islet. 


ISO- 


472 


ISO- 


i'so-. Equal; similar; isomeric: a combining form 
used especially in chemistry to indicate a substance 
having the same empirical formula as another, 
but a different structural formula; and in immu- 
nitystheory to indicate relation with another 
individual of the same species. [<,laog equal.] 
i*sosag-glu-ti-na'tion, agglutination of red blood* 
corpuscles of one animal by the serum of another 
individual of the same species, fi'sosag-glu'ti- 
nin.— rsosam-yl-am'ine, a nonspoisonous pto¬ 
maine occurring in putrefying yeast, and ob¬ 
tained by the distillation of horn with potassic 
hydrate. — i-sosa'pi-ol = isapiol. — i-so-ba'si al, 
having the basion and opisthion on the same 
level.— i-so-bu'tyl alcohol, a variety of butyl al¬ 
cohol contained in fusel oil and produced in the 
fermentation of beer=yeast. Butyl alcohol. 

— i-so-bu’tyl-or-tho-cre'sol iodide = europhen. 

— i-so-bu-tyr'ic acid, a liquid, (CH3)2CH.COOH, 
smelling like normal butyric acid, and found in 
several plants, such as Ar'nica nionta'na and 
Cerato'nia sil'iqua. — i‘so-cap-ro-lac'tone, a sub¬ 
stance, CgHjgOg, formed by the distillation of 
terebic acid.— i-so-cel'lu-lar, consisting of simi¬ 
lar cells.— i*so-cho-les'te-rin, a substance iso¬ 
meric with normal cholesterin: one of the ingre¬ 
dients of woobfat.— i-so-cho'lin, a substance, 
C5 Hj 3N02, isomeric with cholin, occurring in fly* 
agaric.— i‘so-chro-mat'ic, having the same color 
throughout.— i-soch'ro-nous, i-soch'ro-nal, en¬ 
during for or performed in equal times, as the 
long and short vibrations of a pendulum.— 
i-soch'ro-ous, of uniform color. — i-so-co'ri a, 
equality in the size of the pupils of the two eyes. 
^Anisocoria. — i'so-cy-an'ic acid, a compound, 
H- 0 -N=C, known only in combination.— i-so- 
cy'a-nide, any one of a series of colorless liquids 
with a sickening odor containing the radical 
-N^C; carbamine; carbylamine; isonitrile.— i'so- 
cy-tol'y-sin, a cytolysin acting on cells of an 
animal of the^ same species.— i'so-di-a~met'ric, 
having the same diameter throughout.— i-so- 
dul'ci-tan, an amorphous substance, CgHj205, 
formed by heating isodulcite.— i-so-dul'cite, a 
crystalline substance, CgHj^Og, having a sweet 
taste, derived from the active principle of certain 
plants.— i'so-dul-cit'ic acid, a compound, CgHjgOg, 
formed by oxidizing isodulcite with dilute nitric 
acid. — i‘so-dy-nam'ic, i-so-dy'na-mous, having 
equal powers, as I. foods, foods which produce 
equal amounts of force in the form of heat.— -rso- 
e-lec'tric, at the same potential throughout and 
so having no electric currents, as of a resting 
muscle.— i‘so-fa-rad'ic reaction, the reaction of a 
muscle which contracts only to the faradic cur¬ 
rent.— i-sol'o-gous, having similar relations in 
respect of proportion; having a constant serial 
difference.— i-sol'y-sin, i‘so-hae-mol'y-sin, a sub¬ 
stance which causes haemolysis of the red blood* 
corpuscles of the same species.— i-so-mal'tose, an 
intensely sweet sugar, CJ2H2.2OJJ, contained in com¬ 
mercial starch: formed by the long=continued 
action of strong hydrochloric acid on dextro- 
glucose.— i'so-mer, an isomeric substance.— 'i-so- 
mer'ic, composed of the same elements in the 
same proportions, but chemically and physically 
different, or consisting of the same elements, as 
the diamond and graphite, both being chemically 
pure carbon.— i-som'e-rid = isomer. — i-som'e- 
rism, the state of compounds that are isomeric; 
identity in respect to the quality and quantity of 
the constituents, with essential difference of 


chemical or physical properties. ts- Metame¬ 
rism; POLYMERiSM. Nucleus i., isomerism in 

which two substances differ only in the structure 
of the carbon nucleus with which the radicals are 
joined. Physical i., isomerism in which two sub¬ 
stances chemically identical differ in physical 
properties. Place i., isomerism in which two sub¬ 
stances differ only in the way in which the radi¬ 
cals are joined to the carbon nucleus.— i-so-met'- 
ric, of equal measure; having equal dimensions, 
as 7 . muscle, a muscle whose tension changes on 
stimulation, its length remaining the same.— i*- 
so-me-tro'pi a, equality in the refraction of the two 
eyes, fi’so-nie-trop'ic. — 'i-so-mor'phism, the con¬ 
dition of being isomorphous; similarity in form.— 
i-so-mor'phous, possessing the same form, as of 
crystals.—■ i-so-naph'thol = betanaphthol*. — 
so-ni-cot'ic acid, a crystalline substance, C]oHgN2- 
O3, obtained by oxidizing nicotine. — i-so-nic'o- 
tine, a white, crystalline substance, CjgHj^Ng, iso¬ 
meric with nicotine, occurring in tobacco.— i-so- 
ni'trile=isocYANiDE.—i*so-ni-tro*sosan-ti-py'rine, 
a green, crystalline substance, Ci,H]jN302, formed 
by the action of nitrous acid or nitrites on 
antipyrine: said to be febrifuge, diuretic, and 
diaphoretic. — i-sop'a-thy, i'so-path-o-ther'a-py, 
a branch of homoeopathy which recommends 
the administration of virus as a remedy in the dis¬ 
ease by which it is produced. Thus, it is said 
that smallpox may be cured by minute doses 
of variolous matter. Homoeopathy aims to cure 
disease by inducing a condition of the system 
similar to that produced by the disease; isopathy 
would combat disease by employing the same 
(that is, the disease itself) as a weapon, fi-so- 
path'ic.— i‘so-pel-let'i-e-rine, a liquid alkaloid 
isomeric with pelletierine, found in the root*bark 
of the pomegranate.— i-so-pep'sin, a substance 
or ferment into which pepsin is convertible by 
moderate heat.— i-so-pho'ria, the condition in 
which the visual axes of the two eyes lie in the 
same plane.— i-so'pi a, equal visual acuity in 
each eye.— i'so-pral, trichlorisopropyl alcohol, a 
local anaesthetic and somnifacient. Dose, 0.5 
Gm. (7^ grs.).— i*so-pre-cip'i-tin, a precipitin 
which acts on the blood of another animal of 
the same species.— i'so-prene, a liquid hydrocar¬ 
bon, CjHg, produced by the dry distillation of 
gutta*percha and caoutchouc.— i'so-pro-pyl-am'- 
ine, [^PROPYLAMINE. — i-so-pro'pyl benzene = 
CUMENE. — i-sop'ter, a curve in the field of vision 
expressing equality of visual acuity for form or 
for color.— i-so-pwr'pu-rin, a yellowish^red coal* 
tar dye, Cj^HgO^, resembling alizarin. — i-so- 
quin'o-line, a crystalline substance, CgH^N, simi¬ 
lar to quinoline.— i-sor'cin = cresorcin. — i'so- 
scope, an instrument used in the study of 
convergent and divergent ocular movements.— 
i'so-spore, a spore which develops into the adult 
form without any intermediate stage.— i-so-suh- 
pho-cy'a-nate, ts- isosulphocyanic acid, i-so- 
sul’pho-cy-an'ic acid, an acid, HSNC, whose salts 
are known as isosulphocyanates or isothiocya¬ 
nates. — i-so-tag'ma = inotagma. — i*so-ther-a- 
peu'tics = ISOPATHY.— i-so-ther'mal, i-so-ther'- 
mous, of equal temperature.— i-so-thi-o-cy'a-nate, 
^ ISOSULPHOCYANIC ACID. — i-so-to'nia, equality 
of tension, especially of blood*tension. — i-so- 
ton'ic, having equal tension, as I. coefficient, the 
proportion of salt in an isotonic solution: 7. 
muscle, a muscle contracting on stimulation with 
equal tension: and 7 . {salt) solution or serum, a 


ISOFORM 


473 


IZAL 


solution of sufficient concentration to keep red 
bloodscorpuscles intact. — i-so-trop'ic, i-sot'ro- 
pous, singly refractive. — i-so-u'ric acid, a sub¬ 
stance, C5H4N4O3, isomeric with uric acid.— i'so- 
va-ler'ic acid, a variety of valeric, acid occurring 
in dolphinsoil and in the root of Valeria'na 
officina'lis, also in human excrement and in old 
cheese: a liquid with a strong odor of valerian. 
— i-so-xy'lol, a liquid hydrocarbon, CgHj^, derived 
from coahtar. 

i'so-form. Para*iodosanisol, an intestinal antisep¬ 
tic. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 
rso-la-pho'bi a. Insane fear of being alone. [< 
Ital. i'sola island +(j) 6 l 3 og fear.] 
i'so-la-ted. = Insulated. [< Ital. i'sola island.] 
i-so-la'tion. i. The separation of persons ill with 
an infectious disease or who have been ex¬ 
posed to the influence of such disease to pre¬ 
vent its spread. 2 . A method of treatment used 
in mental and nervous diseases, 
is'sue. I. A small ulcer or sore produced by art 
and kept open by inserting a pea or other small 
body (I.spea) , with a view to relieve irritation 
or morbid action in a neighboring part. ^Re¬ 
vulsion. 2 . Progeny; offspring; lineal descend¬ 
ants. 

is'ta-rin. A compound occurring in brainstissue. 
isth'mian. Belonging to an isthmus, 
isth'mic. Belonging to the isthmus faucium, or to 
any isthmus. I. border, the anterior border of 
the thyroid cartilage, in the median line. I. sal¬ 
pingitis, follicular inflammation of the isthmus of 
the oviduct, marked by the formation of small 
connect! vestissue and muscular nodules, 
isth-mi'tis. Inflammation of the isthmus faucium. 
isth'mo-. Pertaining to the isthmus faucium: a 
combining form. [ < neck.] isth'mo-cho- 

lo'sis, a bilious catarrhal affection of the fauces, 
isth-mo-dyn'i a, pain in the fauces.— isth'moid, 
resembling the isthmus faucium.— isth-mo-pa'- 
thia, disease of the fauces. — isth-mo-ple'gi a, 
paralysis of the isthmus faucium. — isth-mo- 
py'ra = isthmitis. 

isth'mus. I. A narrow passage connecting two 
wider spaces. 2 . A narrow band of tissue con¬ 
necting two larger parts. I. of the auditory mea¬ 
tus, the narrow region at the junction of the 
internal and middle portions of the osseous au¬ 
ditory canal. I. of the eustachian tube, the nar¬ 
rowest portion of the eustachian tube. I. fau'- 
cium*, the passage connecting the mouth and the 
fauces. I. of the gyrus fornicatus, the narrow 
convolution connecting the gyrus fornicatus with 
the uncinate gyrus. I. hep'atis = pons hepatis. 
I. prosta'tae*, the middle lobe of the prostate; a 
prominent band uniting the two lateral lobes of 
the prostate. I. of the thyroid, the transverse 
band connecting the lobes of the thyroid body. 
I. ure'thrae, membranous portion op the 
urethra. I. of the uterus, the transverse con¬ 
striction between the body and the cervix of the 
uterus. [L., fr. lad/xog neck.] 
i-su-ret', i-su-re'tin. A white, crystalline substance, 
CON2H4, obtained by evaporating an alcoholic 
solution of hydroxylamine and hydrocyanic acid, 
it-a-con'ic acid. A white, crystalline substance, 
C5HQO4, formed by the dry distillation of citric 
acid. 

It-al'ian disease. = Syphilis. I. fever = Malta 
fever. I. juice, an extract of licorice obtained 
from Italy. I. leprosy = pellagra. I. method 
of rhinoplasty, rhinoplasty. 


itch. Any disease attended with itching, Psora. 
Varieties are Army, Bakers’, Barbers’, Brick# 
layers’. Drunkards’, Frost ( = pruritus hie- 
.MALis), Grocers’, Lumbermen’s, Rank (= sca¬ 
bies PAPULIFORMIs), Rocky (= SCABIES PURU- 
lenta). Sheep (= scabies pecorina). Swamp#, 
Washerwomen’s, and Watery (= scabies lym- 
phatica). I.smite, I.sinsect, ^Acarus; Sar- 
coPTES. fitch'i-ness. itch'ing = pruritus. 
itch'y. 

-ite. A terminal denoting a salt of an acid whose 
name ends in -ous, as sodium sulphite from sul¬ 
phurous acid or sodium phosphite from phos¬ 
phorous acid. 

i'ter. A passage or communication between two 
or more parts, especially the iter a tertio ad 
quartum ventriculum. I. ad infundib'ulum, pas¬ 
sage to the infundibulum, the passage of commu¬ 
nication between the third ventricle of the brain 
and the infundibulum; foramen commune ante- 
rius. I. a pal'ato ad au'rem, the passage from 
the palate to the ear; eustachian tube. I. a ter'- 
tio ad quar'tum ventric'ulum, “passage from ihe 
third to the fourth ventricle,” = aqueduct of 
Sylvius. I. chor'dae ante'rius, the aperture 
through which the chorda tympani nerve leaves 
the tympanum. I. chor'dae poste'rius, the aper¬ 
ture through which the chorda tympani nerve 
enters the tympanum. I. den'tium, the canal 
through which the permanent tooth arises. It 
opens behind the corresponding temporary tooth. 
[L.] fi^te-ral, pertaining to the iter, 
ith-y-cy'phos. A backward projection of the spi¬ 
nal column without lateral curvature, 
i-tin-e-ra'ri um. A grooved sound used chiefly in 
lithotomy. 

-itis (ai'tts or e'tfs). A terminal denoting inflam¬ 
mation, as bronchitis, appendicitis. [<-Zr/.f origi¬ 
nally a feminine adjective suffix.] 
i'trol. A trade name for silver citrate. 
i'va. The plant Achille'a moscha'ta of Europe; 
also an aromatic and stimulant liqueur flavored 
with the plant. It has the properties of other 
bitter aromatics, like yarrow, in, a bitter 

principle, C24H42O5, in the form of a yellow resi¬ 
nous substance from iva. i'va-ol, a volatile oil 
from Achille'a moscha'ta. 

i'vo-ry. i. The bone#like matter of the tusks of 
the elephant and some other animals which is 
a modification of dentin. 2. The dentin of the 
teeth. I.sblack, ^ charcoal. I. exostosis, a 
small bony outgrowth of extreme hardness, 
springing usually from the external surface of 
one of the cranial bones. I. of a tooth = 

DENTIN. 

i'vy. ^Hedera. I. poisoning, poisonsivy. 
I'wa-noff’s oedema. Cystoid degeneration of the 
retina. 

Ixo'des. A genus of ticks (acarids), several species 
of which infest man and beasts. One of the 
best=known is the common wood#tick, or dog# 
tick, I. ric'inus. fix-o-di'a-sis. 
ix'o-lite. A fossil resin obtained from bituminous 
coal. 

Ix'us. The mistletoe. 

ix’y-o-my-e-li'tis. Myelitis affecting the lumbar 
portion of the spinal cord; ischiomyelitis. [< 
l^'vg waist + myelitis.] 
ix'ys. 2. The loins. 2. The flank, 
i'zal. A nonspoisonous proprietary disinfectant 
and germicide produced during the formation of 
coke. 


J 


474 


JAPACONINE 


J 


J. The symbol for Joule’s equivalent. 
j. In prescription writing, denoting one. i^Aa. 
jab-o-ran'di. The popular name of Pilocar'pus 
selloa'nus, a native of Brazil: diaphoretic and 
sialagogue and given chiefly as an infusion of 
the plant or as the alkaloid pilocarpine. Yields 
jab-o-ran'dine = pilocarpine; ja-bo'ric acid; 
and the alkaloids jab-o'rid-ine, C20H12N2O3, and 
jab'o-rine, CjiHjgN202 (said to resemble both pilo¬ 
carpine and atropine in their effects). 

Jacaran'da. A genus of bignoniaceous trees of 
tropical America. Various species, as J. caro'ba, 
J. lancifoUa'ta, and J. pro'cera, are used in 
syphilitic affections, gonorrhoea, skinsdiseases, 
rheumatism, etc. Dose of fluidextract of J. 
pro'cera leaves, i to 4 Cc. (15 to 60 mins.). 
Jaccoud’s dissociated fever (zha-cffz). A form of 
fever in tuberculous meningitis of adults, marked 
by slowness and irregularity of the pulse. J.’s 
sign, prominence of the aorta in the suprasternal 
notch, indicative of leukaemia, 
jack'et. I®* Plaster J.; Sayre’s j.; straitsj. J.s 
poultice, a poultice worn about the thorax in acute 
pulmonary conditions. 

jack'sknife posture. The position in which the 
patient lies on the back, his shoulders elevated, 
the thighs at right angles to the abdomen, and 
the legs flexed on the thighs, 
jack-so'nian (or Jack'son’s) epilepsy. Epileptiform 
spasm localized on one side of the body, or parts 
of one side, and without loss of consciousness; 
cortical epilepsy. It is due to a lesion of some 
definite area of the cerebral cortex, Mono¬ 
spasm. J.’s syndrome, paralysis involving half 
the tongue, the soft palate, and the larynx, with 
the stemomastoid and trapezius muscles. [< 
Hughlings Jackson, an English physician, 1834- .] 
Jack'son’s pectoral lozenges. = Pectoral loz¬ 
enges. J.’s pectoral syrup, a name for various 
cough mixtures: originally contained morphine, 
jack'stone calculus. A dark oxalate calculus, shaped 
like a jackstone. 

Ja'cob’s cataract needle. A slender needle with 
the point slightly curved: used to lacerate the 
capsule of a cataract. J.’s membrane, the rod= 
andscone layer of the retina. J.’s ulcer, a rodent 
ulcer; a cancerous ulcer of the skin, often found 
in the nose or eyelid: sometimes very chronic. 
Ja'cob-son’s anastomosis. The anastomosing part 
of the tympanic plexus. J.’s canal = tympanic 
CANAL. J.’s cartilage, a hyaline cartilage sup¬ 
porting Jacobson’s organ. J.’s nerve, the 
tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve; 
Andersch’s nerve; nervus tympanicus. J.’s 
organ, an organ of mammals and rudimentary 
in man, consisting of two cylindrical cavities 
lined with mucous membrane, situated in the 
cartilage of the nasal septum and connected with 
the nasal cavity; vomeronasal organ; organon 
vomeronasale [Jacohson{\*. J.’s plexus = tym¬ 
panic PLEXUS. J.’s retinitis, diffuse syphilitic 
retinitis. J.’s sulcus = sulcus jacobsoni. 
Jacquart’s angle (zha-c 4 rz). = Ophryospinal a. 
Jacquemier’s sign (zh 4 c-mi-ez). Violet color of 
the vaginal mucosa: a sign of pregnancy. 


jac-ti-ta'tion, jac-ta'tion. The constant tossing 
from one position to another, the effect of rest¬ 
lessness in acute disease, fjac-ta'tor. 
ja-cu-lif'e-rous. Prickly. [< L. ja'culum dart.] 
Jadelot’s lines or furrows (zhad- 16 z). Furrows 
upon the face held to indicate certain diseases 
in young children, Buccal, genial, labial, 
NASAL, and ocuLOZYGOMATic LINE (specially dis¬ 
tinguished as Jadelot’s line by some authors). 
Jaffa’s sign (zha-fez). A more abundant flow of pus 
during inspiration than expiration from a tube 
inserted into an abscess which is subdiaphragmat- 
ic; the opposite occurs if the pus is thoracic: not 
manifested in paralysis of the diaphragm. J.’s 
test, a test for in dican, the urine being precipi¬ 
tated with lead acetate, filtered through a dry 
filters=paper, and an equal quantity of fuming 
hydrochloric acid with ferric chloride (50 'Cc. 
hydrochloric acid, with 8 to 10 drops ferric chlo¬ 
ride) added to the precipitate, the whole being 
shaken thoroughly with i Cc. chloroform: the 
depth of the blue discoloration of the chloroform 
indicates the quantity of indican present. 

Jaff'na moss. A species of moss, found in Ceylon, 
yielding a semisopaque jelly, nutritious for in¬ 
valids; Ceylon moss. 

Ja-gu'la-way balsam. An oily external dressing 
from the twigs and roots of Para'ya vulnera'ria. 
jail fever, Typhus fever. 

Jaksch’s (von) disease. Infantile pseudoleuk^mia. 
jal'a-pa*, jal'ap. The dried tuberous root of 
Exogo'nium pur'ga, sometimes called Ipomce'a 
jal'apa, containing not less than 8% of total 
resin, but not more than 1.5% of resin soluble 
in ether. It is an active cathartic, producing 
copious watery discharges, and is usually given 
in connection with other medicines. Combined 
with potassium bitartrate, it is most useful in 
dropsy. Dose of powder, i Gm. (15 grs.); of 
fluidextract, i to 2 Cc. (15 to 30 mins.). ^ Resina 
JALAPS*. From it are obtained jalap'ic acid, 
a yellowish amorphous substance, also known as 
scammonic or scammoninic acid; and jal'a-pin, a 
drastic purgative; dose, 0.06 to 0.3 Gm. (i to 5 
grs.). iSf-CoNVOLVULIN. 

Ja-mai'ca dogwood. = Piscidia erythrina. J. 
nutmeg, Monodo'ra myris'iica. J. pepper, the 
dried berries of Myr'tus pimen'ta, pimenta or 
allspice. J. quassia = Picrasma excelsa. 
ja-mai'cine. A crystalline alkaloid from the bark 
of Andi'ra iner'mis: probably berberine. 
jam'bul. = Eugenia jAMBOLANA. 

James’s powder. = Pulvis antimonialis. 
James'town weed. = Datura stramonium. 
Janet’s method (zha-nez). Treatment of gonorrhoea 
by irrigation with permanganate of potassium. 
Jane'way’s pills. Compound pills of aloes and 
podophyllum. 

jan'i-ceps, ja^nus. A double monstrosity united 
above the umbilicus, the heads blended and the 
faces looking in opposite directions. With one face 
imperfect, it is a J.asym'metros. ^Syncephalus. 
[< L. Ja'nus a two*faced god + ca'put head.] 
jan'i-tor. = Pylorus. [L., “ a door-keeper.”] 
jap-ac'o-nine. An amorphous alkaloid, from aconite. 


JAPACONITINE 475 JENNER’S STAIN 


jap-a-con'i-tine. An alkaloid from Japanese aconite 
root, more poisonous than aconitine. 

Ja-pan' earth. = Catechu. J. pepper, Xan- 
THOXYLUM NiTiDUM. J. wax, fat expressed chiefly 
from various species of Rhus, especially the fruit 
of R. succeda'neum; Japanese wax: used in mak¬ 
ing cerates. JJ^p-a-nese', as J. aconite = Chinese 
ACONITE, and J. river fever, an acute endemic 
disease characterized by a circumscribed cutane¬ 
ous necrosis, resembling typhus and caused by 
either a bacterium or a protozoon transmitted by 
the bite of the kedani mite; tsutsugamushi. It 
may be followed by lymphatitis, exanthema, 
bronchitis, or conjunctivitis, 
jap-men'thol. Menthol derived from Japanese oil 
of peppermint. 

jarde, jardon (jard or zhdrd, zhar-ddh). A hard 
tumor on the leg of a horse, generally on the 
lower and outer part of the hock. [F.] 
Jar'ishsHerxhei'mer sign. Increase of symptoms 
after too small dose of a remedy, as of the rash 
in syphilis after a too small dose of arsenobenzole. 
jas'min. =Jasminum. Yellow j. =Gelsemium 
SEMPERVIRENS. 

Jas'minum. A genus of tropical oleaceous shrubs 
or climbing plants. The bitter leaves of J. flori- 
hun'dum are used in Abyssinia as a taenifuge. 
ja-sun'di. The plant Sar'aca in'dica, a useful as¬ 
tringent and uterine sedative, 
jat-a-man'si. i. =Sumbul*. 2 . Spikenard. 
Jateorhi'za palma'ta. A plant of the order Meni- 
sperma'cece, a native of Mozambique; Coc'cuius 
palma'tus. k^Calumba*. 

Jat'ropha. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants. J. 
cur'cas furnishes an oil from the seeds (Barba- 
does nut, physic nut, or purging nut) which is 
medicinally similar to croton oil but less power¬ 
ful. J. glau'ca, a woody plant of India. An oil 
from its seeds is applied locally in rheumatism. 
J. man'ihot = Manihot utilissima. 
jaun'dice. Yellowness of the skin, conjunctivae, tis¬ 
sues, and secretions generally, from impregnation 
with bilespigments; the “yellows”; cholosis; der- 
matocholosis; icterus. The cases of jaundice 
may be divided into two groups: (i) cases due to 
obstruction of the flow of bile through the smaller 
or larger bile*ducts (Obstructive or hepatogenous 
j.), the bile being sometimes retained in the 
biliary passages and absorbed into the blood 
(Absorption j.); and (2) cases due to poisons, as 
phosphoinis, or associated with various specific 
fevers, as yellow fever, malaria, etc., and with 
obscure infectious processes (Haematogenous, 
nonsobstructive, or toxaemic j.). Jaundice is not 
so much a disease as a symptom of many dis¬ 
eases, as of yellow fever, enteric fever, typhus 
fever, etc. Acathectic j., absorption jaundice due 
to inability of the liver cells to retain their secre¬ 
tions. Acholuric j., a form with little or no biles 
pigment in the urine. Black j., jaundice with 
greenishsblack discoloration of the skin. Blue j. 
= CYANOSIS. Catarrhal j., jaundice due to closure 
of the common bilesduct by duodenal catarrh. 
Contagious or infectious j., jaundice of a more or 
less contagious or infectious nature, Weil’s 
disease. Malignant j., acute yellow atrophy of 
the liver. J. of the newsborn = icterus neo¬ 
natorum. Simple j., catarrhal jaundice. Uro¬ 
bilin j., jaundice due to the presence of urobilin 
in the blood. [ < F. jaunisse, fr. jaune yellow.] 
Ja'va plum, Eugenia jambolana. J. tea, the 
herbaceous Ort’%.osiphon stamineus, used as a 


diuretic in urinary diseases and renal gravel. 
Dose, I to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grs.); dose of fluid- 
extract, I to 2 Cc. (15 to 30 mins.). 

Ja-val’s' orthoptic treatment. Exercises for strabis¬ 
mic eyes by means of prisms, 
jav'a-nine. A cinchona alkaloid of unknown com¬ 
position. 

Ja-velle' water. = Bleaching liquid. 
jaw. Maxilla. J.sbone, a maxillary bone, es¬ 
pecially the inferior one. J.sclonus, chattering of 
the jaw due to masseter spasm. J.=disease, phos¬ 
phorus necrosis. J.sjerk or sreflex = chinsjerk. 
Locksjaw or locked j. = tetanus. Lumpy j. = 
ACTINOMYCOSIS. 

Jaworski’s corpuscles or spirals (zh^-vor'sciz). Mu¬ 
cous bodies occurring in the gastric secretion in 
marked hyperchlorhydria. 
jec'o-ral. Relating to the liver. [< L. jV'cMr liver.] 
jec'o-rin. A compound, CiosHiggNsSPgO^e, occurring 
in the liver, spleen, muscles, and brain. It re¬ 
sembles LECITHIN, but reduces Fehling’s solution, 
jec'o-rose. Of a bilious temperament, 
je'cur, je'cus. = Liver. [L.] 

Jefferso'nia diphyl'la. A berberidaceous plant of 
the Northern United States; twindeaf. The root 
is alterative, diuretic, expectorant, antispasmodic, 
and diaphoretic. Dose of the fluidextract, 2 to 4 
Cc. (30 to 60 mins.), 
je-ju'nal. Relating to the jejunum. 
je-ju-ni'tis. Inflammation of the jejunum. ^En¬ 
teritis. 

je-ju'no-. Relating to the jejunum or to emptiness: 
a combining form. [ < L. jeju'nus fasting, empty.] 
je-ju*no-co-los'to-my, the formation of an artifi¬ 
cial communication between the jejunum and the 
colon.— je-ju'no=il-e-i'tis, inflammation of the je- 
junodleum.— je-jumosil-e-os'to-my, the forma¬ 
tion of an artificial passage or opening between the 
jejunum and the ileum.— je-ju-no=il'e um, the jeju¬ 
num and ileum combined.— je-ju-nos'to-my, the 
surgical making of a permanent opening through 
the abdominal wall into the jejunum. In the 
human subject, the object is the introduction of 
food in cases of stricture of the pylorus and the 
like.— je-ju-not'o-my, incision into or partial ex¬ 
cision of the jejunum.— je-ju-no-ty'phoid, typhoid 
fever involving the jejunum, 
je-ju'num. The second portion of the small intes¬ 
tine, extending between the duodenum and the 
ileum; intestinum jejunum*: usually found empty 
in the dead body. [< L. jeju'num fasting, 
empty.] 

jel'ly. The common name for soft preparations of 
gelatin, also of various preparations of acid fruits. 
In pharmacy, medicated jellies are usually pre¬ 
pared with a basis of isinglass and gum arabic. 
They serve as vehicles for medicated oils and resin¬ 
ous juices, Enamelsj. ; glycerin j. Bacterial 
j., the gelatinous substance causing the clumping 
of certain bacteria. j^Zooglcea. J.sweed, a sea¬ 
weed of Australasia. Eucheu'ma specio'sum, a 
kind of agarsagar. It makes an excellent jelly. 
J. of Wharton or of the umbilical cord = wHAR- 
ton’s jelly. jelly=like. 

Jen-dras'sik’s manoeuvre. Reinforcement of knee* 
jerk by the patient’s forcibly drawing upon the 
interlocked fingers. 

jen-ne'ri an. Relating to Edward Jenner or to the 
theory of vaccination, fjeii-ner-i-za'tion. 
Jen'ner’s stain. A 0.5% solution of an eosinate of 
methylene blue in absolute methyl alcohol: used 
in staining blood films. 


JENSEN’S FISSURE 470 JUGOMAXILLARY SUTURE 


Ten^sen’s fissure. The intermedial fissure near the 
sylvian fissure of the brain. J.’s tumor, a tumor 
found in mice, having many points in com¬ 
mon with cancer: first described by Moran in 
1891. 

je-quir'i-tol. A sterile solution of jequirity: dropped 
into the eye until the characteristic inflamma¬ 
tion appears. It largely replaces the infusion of 
jequirity. J. serum, an antitoxic serum which 
counteracts jequiritol: applied locally or subcuta¬ 
neously. 

je-quir'i-ty. A popular name for the seeds (or beans) 
of A'brus precato'rius, a native of India, but nat¬ 
uralized in other tropical countries. It is strongly 
irritant to the eyes. Its effect on exuberant gran¬ 
ulations appears nearly that of burnt alum. It is 
used externally as a remedy against chronic gran¬ 
ular ophthalmia jequiritol). J. ophthalmia, 
purulent conjunctivitis caused by jequirity. [Ap¬ 
parently of Brazilian (Portuguese) origin.] 
jerk. j^Chinsjerk; kneesJerk, etc. 
jerk'er. = Jumper. 

jerk'ing pulse. A pulse in which the artery seems 
to strike the finger with a sudden jerk or start. 
J. respiration = INTERRUPTED respiration. 
jerk'y incoordination. Inco6rdin.\tion. 

Jer 'sey tea. The dried leaves of red^root, Ceano'- 
thus amertca'nus: the bark of the root is a popu¬ 
lar remedy for sore throat. 

Je-ru'sa-lem artichoke. e^Inuloid. 
jer'vic acid. An acid from Vera'trum al'bum. 
tjer'vate. jer'vine, an alkaloid C26H37NO3, de¬ 
rived from Vera'trum al'bum and V. vi'ride. 
jes'sa-mine. A popular name for several species of 
J.\SMiNUM which bear fragrant flowers. Cape j. 
= Gardenia. Yellow j. = Gelsemium semper- 
VIRENS. 

Jes'u-it’s bark. A name for cinchona, because 
introduced into Europe by a Jesuit. 

Jew'ish scissors. A circumcision instrument. 

Jew’s pitch. Asphaltum or bitumen judaicum. 
Jez’s antityphoid extract. An organotherapeutic 
preparation from rabbits immunized to typhoid, 
jig'ger. =PuLEx penetrans. 
jim'jams. = Delirium tremens. 

Jim'son weed. = Stramonium. 
jing'ko. =Gingko. 

ji'usjut'su or sjit'su. The national Japanese system 
of wrestling, combining exercise, skill, and pro¬ 
tection. 

Joanne'sia. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants. The 
seeds of J. prin'ceps of Brazil contain a fixed oil 
used in hepatic and menstrual disorders. 

Jobert’9 suture (zho-b^rz). An interrupted suture 
for uniting the ends of a divided intestine, the 
upper ends being invaginated into the lower. 
Job'ling’s serum. = Flexner’s serum. 
Jo-do-for'mi um. The G. P. name for iodoform. 
Jo'dum. The G. P. name for iodine. 
joe-pye'sweed. =Eupatorium purpureum. 
Jof'froy’s symptom, i. Absence of facial contrac¬ 
tion in exophthalmic goitre when the eyes are 
suddenly thrown upward. 2. Rhythmic spasm 
of the glutaei muscles upon pressure in the gluteal 
region in sciatica and spastic paraplegia. 

Johne’s disease. A form of chronic bacterial dysen¬ 
tery in cows: due to an acid-fast bacillus, 
joint. An articulation, especially one more or 
less movable; articulation. c^Node; syndes- 
MOLOGY. Specially named varieties of joint are 
Artificial, BalUand^ socket (== enarthrosis), 
Brodie’s, Charcot's (^Charcot’s joint dis¬ 


ease), Chopart’s (= mediotarsal articulation), 
Flails, Gliding (= arthrodia*), Hingei> (=gin- 
GLYMUs), Immovable (= synarthrosis). Mixed 
(= amphiarthrosis). Movable, PivoU or rota¬ 
tory (= CYCLARTHRosis). Contraction of a j. 
= ANKYLOSIS. J.screpitus, the grating sensation 
made by dry synovial surfaces; false crepitus. 

J.sdisk, ^ INTERARTICULAR FIBROCARTILAGE. J.s 

evil, ainhum; also lepra mutilans, or mutilating 
leprosy. J.=mouse, a movable body in the knee» 
joint which slips in and out like a mouse, 
Corpora libera articulorum. J. oil = syno¬ 
via*. tjoint'ed, as J. probe. 

Jol'lis’s reagent. A mixture of 10 Gm. of bichloride 
of mercury; 20 Gm. of succinic acid; and 20 Gm. 
of sodium chloride in 500 Cc. of water: when 
added to albuminous urine it causes turbidity. 

Jones’s method or position. Placement of the arm 
in acute flexion in a supracondylar fracture of 
the humerus. J.’s nasal splint, a splint for frac¬ 
ture of the nasal bone. 

Jon-nes'co’s method. Direct spinal anaesthesia, 
often at a high level, with stovaine, novocaine, 
tropococaine, etc., and strychnine: used by him in 
all operations on any part of the body, [Thomas 
Jonnesco, a Roumanian surgeon, 1861— . ^Int. 

Surg. Congress of Brussels, ’08 ; A. J. S. ’ 10.] 

Jor'dan’s operation. One of several amputations 
at either the hipsjoint or the shouldersjoint. 

Jorisenne’s sign (zho-ri-zcnz). Non^acceleration 
of the pulse in changing from the horizontal to 
the erect position: a sign of pregnancy. 

Josseraud’s sign (zho-se-rdz). A metallic sound 
preceding the frictionssound: heard in acute 
pericarditis over the pulmonic area. 

joule. A unit of energy; 10,000,000 ergs, or the 
amount of work done by one watt in one second. 

Joule’s equivalent (jaulz or zhulz). The mechanical 
equivalent of heat, or the amount of work ex¬ 
pended in raising one pound of water through i® 
F.; 772 foot=pounds: symbol, J. 

Ju'das tree. = Cercis canadensis. 

jug sound, Amphoric resonance. 

ju'ga. Plural of jugum. 

ju'gal. Belonging to the os jugale or cheeksbone, 
J. bone, the malar bone. J. ligament, one of the 
ligaments binding together the cartilages of 
Santorini and the cricoid cartilage; cricosan- 
torinian ligament. J. point, a craniometrical 
point at the apex of the angle which the pos¬ 
terior border of the frontal branch of the malar 
bone makes with the superior border of its 
zygomatic branch; jugale. J. process = zygo¬ 
matic PROCESS. J. region, the space over the 
zygoma. 

ju-ga'le. = Jugal point. 

ju-ga'les. The superficial temporal or zygomatic 
nerves, given off from the facial. [PI. of !>. 
juga'lis.] 

Ju'glans. I. A genus of juglandaceous trees. 2. 
The 1890 U. S. P. name for the inner bark of the 
roots of J. cine'rea (butternut or white walnut), 
collected in the autumn: laxative. Dose of ex¬ 
tract, 0.6 to 2 Gm. (10 to 30 grs.). From it are 
obtained ju-glan'dine, a resinoid used in constipa¬ 
tion and remittent fever, dose, 0.12 to 0.3 Gm. 
(2 to 5 grs.), and ju'glone (ju-glon'ic acid, nucin, 
or regianin), CjgHgOg, a brownishsred crystalline 
substance. J. ni'gra, the black walnut. [ < L. 
Jo'vis glans “ nut of Jove.”] 

ju-go-max'il-la-ry suture. The suture between the 
malar and the superior maxillary bone. 


JUGULAR 

ju'gu-lar. I. Belonging to the throat. 2. Relating 
to the jugular vein. J. foramen, a foramen on 
the interior surface of the base of the skull near 
the foramen magnum, formed by contiguous 
notches of the temporal pyramid and occipital 
bone; foramen jugulare"^. J. fossa, a fossa in the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone behind the 
carotid canal, accommodating the jugular vein; 
fossa jugularis*. J. ganglion, i. A swelling on 
the glossopharyngeal nerve at the upper part of 
the jugular foramen; Ehrenritter’s ganglion. 2. 
The ganglion of the root of the pneumogastric 
nerve as it passes through the jugular foramen; 
ganglion of the root; superior ganglion; ganglion 
jugulate^. J. murmur, a murmur heard at the 
junction of the external and internal jugular 
veins in anaemia. J. notch, a notch to the outer 
side of the condyles of the occipital bone, which 
helps to form the jugular foramen; incisura jugu¬ 
laris*. J. point, a craniometrical point situated 
at the posterior angle of the jugular process. J. 
process = processus jugularis*. J. surface, 
that surface of the temporal bone which articu¬ 
lates with the jugular process. J. tubercle, a 
ridge on the inner surface of the occipital bone 
near the outer wall of the anterior condyloid 
foramen; tuherculum jugulare*.. J. undulation = 
VENOUS PULSE. J. Vein, anterior, a branch of the 
external jugular or subclavian vein returning the 
blood from the chin and submaxillary region; vena 
jugularis anterior*. J. vein, external, a branch 
of the subclavian vein, between the platysma my- 
oides and the fascia; V. jugularis externa*. It 
begins by the union of the posterior auricular vein 
and a branch from the temporomaxillary, and 
receives branches from the neck. J. vein, inter¬ 
nal, a vein commencing in the union of the in¬ 
ferior petrosal and the lateral sinus, which de¬ 
scends the neck, close to the internal and common 
carotids, uniting with the subclavian to form the 
innominate vein; V. jugularis interna*. It receives 
numerous branches from the neck. J. vein, 
posterior external, i. A branch from the external 
jugular vein to the back of the neck. 2. The 
external jugular vein. J. vein, primitive, a fetal 
vein returning the blood from the cranial cavity. 
[ < L. jugula'ris, fr. ju'gulum throat.] 
ju-gu-la'tion. i. The quick and sudden stoppage of 
disease by medicinal means. 2. Throttling. 
ju*gu-lo-ce-phal'ic. Relating to head and throat. 
J. vein, an occasional vein passing over the 
clavicle from the cephalic to the subclavian vein, 
ju'gu-lum. The throat or fore part of the neck. [L.] 
ju'gum, pi. ju'ga. A yoke. J. pe'nis, a forceps for 
compressing the penis in incontinence of urine. 
J. sphenoida'le, the structure formed by the fu¬ 
sion of the orbitosphenoids. [L.] 
juice. The contained fluid of. any organic tissue; 
succus*. Juices are either Animal, as cancer j., 
gastric j., intestinal j., pancreatic j., etc., or 
Vegetable, as conium j., elderberry j., scoparius j., 
etc. J. canals, certain spaces within connective 
tissue formerly thought to represent the origin of 
lymphatic vessels. [ < L. jus.} 
ju'jube. The fruit of Rham'nus zi'zyphus of South¬ 
ern Europe, from which a pectoral lozenge is 
prepared. J. paste, a pectoral paste formerly 
made of jujube pulp, but now made of gum ara¬ 
ble and sugar variously flavored, 
ju'lep. A liquid medicine of agreeable taste, com¬ 
posed of distilled water and syrups. [ < L. jula'- 
pium, fr. Arab, juleh sweet potion.] 


JUXTA- 

jum'ble or jum'bul. = Eugenia jambolana. 
jump'er. A person having an hereditary disorder of 
the will that leads him to jump or perform other 
convulsive movements on demand, fjump'ing, 
as J. disease or sickness^^hAT.^n, i^tarantismus, 
and J. pain, a peculiar pain felt in joint^diseases 
where the bone is exposed by ulceration of the 
cartilage. &- Osteocopic pains. 
junc'tion. A place of meeting. J. of the lips = 
coMMissuRA LABioRUM ORIS*, fjunc'tion-al, as 
J. tubule, the short part of a uriniferous tubule 
extending from the second convoluted tubule to 
a straight collecting tubule, 
junc-tu'ra*. == Joint. [L.] 

June cold. A form of hay fever. 
jun'gle fever. A severe remittent fever of East 
India, occurring in localities abounding in jungle, 
ju'ni-per. =Juniperus. J.star = oleum cadinum*. 
Junip'erus. i. A genus of coniferous trees. J. 
virginia'na, the red cedar. 2. A name for the 
gently stimulant and diuretic fruit of Junip'erus 
commu'nis, from which is obtained ju-nip'e-rin, a 
lightsyellow amorphous bitter principle. Dose of 
oil, 0.3 Cc. (5 mins.). 

junk. Oakum as used in the form of a cushion 
(J.sbag) as a surgical dressing after fractures, 
junk'et. Milk curdled by rennet; curds and whey. 
Junod’s boot (zhu-noz). An air-tight case for the 
foot and leg, to which is fitted an air-pump. A 
partial vacuum in the boot tends to relieve con¬ 
gestion of the head or of the viscera of the trunk, 
ju-re'ma. A tree of Brazil, Aca'cia jure'ma: its bark 
is said to be narcotic. 

ju-ri-bal'li. A tropical meliaceous tree, Trichi'lia 
moscha'ta, whose bark is esteemed in fevers, 
ju-ris-pru'dence. ^Medical jurisprudence. 
ju-ru'be-bine. An amorphous bitter alkaloid from 
the fruit of Sola'num panicula'tum or 5 . insid- 
io'sum. 

ju'rysmast. A steel bar attached to the body by 
straps, for supporting the head in spinal disease, 
jus'cu-lum. A broth, as of beef: abbr. juscul. [L.] 
justi'eia. A genus of acanthaceous plants (herbs 
or shrubs) of tropical and subtropical India 
and Africa. Justi'eia echo'Hum is diuretic. The 
root and leaves of J. adhat'oda are said to be 
antispasmodic, J. echioi'des is diuretic, and J. 
pectora'lis is commended as a cough remedy, 
jus'to ma'jor. Larger than normal. J. mi'nor, 
smaller than normal, .^quabifliter j. ma'jor Cor 
mi'nor), larger (or smaller) than normal, but 
symmetrically developed. These terms are 
mostly applied to types of the female pelvis. 

Pelvis. 

Jus'tus’s test. Estimation of the haemoglobin in 
syphilitics before and after inunctions of mer¬ 
cury: a 5% drop gives evidence of florid syphilis, 
jute. A fibre from the bark of various East Indian 
plants of the genus Cor'chorus: it is prepared in 
different ways for use as a surgical dressing, 
juvan'tia. Helping or aiding; medicines or appli¬ 
cations which assuage pain, nervous distress, etc. 
[L., fr. juva're to help.] 

jux'ta-. Close or near to; adjacent: a combining 
form. ^Para-. [< L. jMx'/a near to.] juxffa= 
ar-tic'u-lar, lying near a joint. — jux’ta=ep-i- 
phy'si-a-ry osteitis, osteitis due to nutritive 
derangement between the epiphysis and the 
diaphysis.— jux*ta-po-si'tion, relative position 
of organs in respect to each other; the act of 
bringing displaced fragments of bone, etc., into 
position. 


477 


K 


478 


KARYO- 


K 


K. Symbol for the magnetic susceptibility of a 
substance, or ratio of intensity of magnetization 
to strength of field. 

K. I. Abbr. for electrostatic capacity; cathode. 

2. Symbol for potassium {Kalium). 

K.C. Abbr. for cathodal closure. 

K.C.C. Abbr. for cathodal closure contraction. 
K.C.T., K.C.Te. Abbr. for cathodal closure tet¬ 
anus. 

K.D. Abbr. for cathodal duration. 

K.D.T. Abbr. for cathodal duration tetanus. 

K.=j. Abbr. for knee-jerk. 

K.L. A spray for San Jos6 scale, containing kero¬ 
sene, lime, and water. 

K.O.C. Abbr. for cathodal opening contracture 

or CLONUS. 

K.S.C., K.S.Te. = K. C. C., K. C. T. [ < Ger. Schlies- 
sung closure.] 

K.W. Abbr. for kilowatt. 

K.W.H. Abbr. for kilowatt*hour. 

Ka. Abbr. for cathode. 

Ka'der’s operation. A method of performing gas¬ 
trostomy by which a valve^like flap admits the 
feedingstube, but closes on its withdrawal. 
Kaempfe'ria rotun'da. c^Zedoary. 

Kah'ler’s disease. Multiple bone myelomata with 
albumosuria. 

kaif. The dreamy quiescence that results from the 
use of certain narcotic drugs. [Arab.] 
kair'ine. The hydrochlorate of methyloxytetrahy- 
droquinoline, C10HJ3NOHCI: a strong antipyretic. 
Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). fkaiTo-coll, a quinoline 
derivative, CijHj,N 02 . kai'ro-line, a quinoline 
compound, CjoHjgN, very deliquescent, and re¬ 
puted to resemble kairine in action. 

Kai'ser-ling’s solutions. Solutions for preserving 
pathological specimens in their natural colors: 
made from potassium acetate, 30 Gm.; potassium 
nitrate, 10 Gm.; 40% formaldehyde, 250 Cc.; 
and water up to 1000 Cc, (I K.’s solution). The 
tissues are put into this solution and then treated 
with alcohol: they are preserved in the dark in 
potassium acetate, 100 Gm.; glycerin, 200 Gm.; 
and water up to 1000 Cc. (II K.'s solution). 

. kaj'e-put. =Cajuput. 
kak'ke. = Beriberi. [Jap.] 
ka'ko-. = Caco-. 

Kal. ppt. Abbr. for kali prcBparatum, prepared kali, 
or carbonate or bicarbonate of potash, 
kaflasa'zar. An epidemic and endemic infectious 
fever of India (especially Assam), China, Egypt, 
and Southern Italy, caused by the protozoan 
parasite, Leishma'nia {Herpetom'onas) donovo ni, 
which is found by puncture from the greatly en¬ 
larged spleen or post mortem in the bone=marrow, 
and characterized by anaemia, emaciation, and a 
high mortality; tropical splenomegaly; dumsdum 
fever; black sickness; piroplasmosis. The para¬ 
site, which passes through the preflagellate, flag¬ 
ellate, and postflagellate stages, is believed to be 
transmitted by a bedbug, Ci'mex rotunda'tus or 
macroceph'alus. LeishmansDonovan bodies. 
ka-laf'. A medicinal liquid from the male catkins 
of the Egyptian willow, Sa'lix cegypti'aca. 


kaTi. = Potash. [Arab.] fka-lig'e-nous, form¬ 
ing alkalies with oxygen: applied to metals, 
ka-lim'e-ter, ka-lim'e-try. = Alkalimeter, al¬ 
kalimetry. 

kalisaya. =Calisaya. 
ka'lium. = Potassium. [L.] 
kal'lak. A pustular skin disease of Esquimos. 
Kal'mia latifo'lia. An ornamental evergreen erica- 
ceous shrub; calico bush; laurel, mountain=laurel; 
lambkill. Its leaves are poisonous, 
ka-ma'la. The 1890 U. S. P. name for the glands 
and hairs from the capsules of Mallo'tus philippi- 
nen'sis; Rottlera: an active purgative and taeni- 
fuge. Dose, 10 Gm. (2 drs.). tka-ma'lin. 
kan'dol. ==Canadol. 

kan-ga-roo' ligature. A ligature made from ten¬ 
dons of the tail of the kangaroo. K. method, the 
method of giving at short intervals remedies 
whose effects are powerful but short-lived, 
kan'ten. Japanese agar-agar. [Jap.] 
ka'o-lin. China clay; a fine, pure clay procured 
by levigation from the felspar of mouldering 
granite. ^ Kaolinum*. [< Chinese Aao Ling 
a range of hills.] 

ka-o-li'num*. The U. S. P. name for a native 
aluminum silicate, consisting chiefly of HgAlgSigOg, 
powdered and freed from gritty particles by elutri- 
ation: used for poultices and for clarifying and 
decoloring solutions. j^Cataplasma kaolini*. 
fka’o-lin-o'sis, chalicosis from inhaling kaolin, 
ka-pit'ia. A lac or resin from Ceylon and India, 
produced by Cro'ton aromat'icus, a small tree: 
used as a vulnerary. 

Ka-po'si’s disease. = Xeroderma of Kaposi. 
ka-rab'ic acid. = Succinic acid. 
ka-ra'kin. A bitter, crystalline principle obtained 
from the nut of the karaka-tree, Corynocar'pus 
IcBviga'ia, a primulaceous tree of New Zealand, 
kar-di-og'mus. =Cardiogmus. 

Kar-rell’s' cure. A rest, milk, and egg cure, with a 
limited milk diet, for heart and kidney diseases 
with stasis. 

Kar-lin'ski’s bacillus. = Bacillus murisepticus, 
def. 2. 

kar'y-as-ter. = Monaster. 
kar-y-en'chy-ma. = Hyaloplasm. 
kar'y-o-. Pertaining to the cell-nucleus: a com¬ 
bining form. [< Kapvov nut, nucleus.] kar*y-o- 
ba'sis = KARYOMiTOPLASM. — kar'y-o-blast, a nu¬ 
cleated protoplasmic cell. —kar-y-oc'la-sis, nuclear 
fragmentation.— kar-y-og'a-my , conjugation of 
nuclei. Jkar-y-og'a-mous; -o-gam'ic.— kar-y-o- 
hy'a-lo-plasm= HYALOPLASM.— kar'y-o-ki-ne'sis, 
the processes which the nucleus and the attraction 
sphere of a cell undergo in indirect cell-divisions; 
karyomitosis; mitosis. It consists, briefly, of the 
following stages or cycles: disappearance of the 
nucleoli and secondary fibres with (i) division of 
the centrosome and of the attraction sphere, and 
(2) increase of the chromatin fibrils {chromosomes, 
which vary in different animals from 4 to 24; in 
man 16) to form a dense convolution (the mother 
skein, or spirem) which splits into two sets {di- 
spirem or double skein) ; (3) aggregation of the 


KASAGRA 


479 


KELOS 


chromatin fibrils, which when seen from above 
appear as a wreathslike form {mother^wreath) and 
when seen from the side as a stellate figure 
(monaster) arranged around a spindlesshaped 
mass of achromatin (achromatic or nuclear spin¬ 
dle) ; (4) longitudinal cleavage of the separate 
loops of the monaster, these passing to the poles 
of the nuclear spindle (migration of the segments) 
and forming a doublesstar figure (diaster t or 
daughter ^wreath) ; (5) division of the celbproto- 
plasm, each half enclosing a daughter*star; (6) 
transformation of the star into a convoluted mass 
of achromatin fibrils (daughter-skein) ; and (7) 
formation of the new nucleus (resting daughter^ 
nucleus). Asymmetrical k., karyokinesis in which 
the chromosomes divide into unequal and dis- 

b 


a 



Karyokinesis. —Diagram illustrating the migration and 
redisposition of the segments of chromatin, guided by 
the achromatic lines: a. Mother-star. b. Stage of 
equatorial plate, c. Daughter-stars. (After Rabl.) 

similar masses. Hyperchromatic k., karyokinesis 
in which the number of chromosomes is un¬ 
usually large. t^afy-o-ki-net'ic, relating to or 
affected by karyokinesis, as K. spindle = nu¬ 
clear SPINDLE. — kar'y-o-lymph = hyaloplasm. 
— kar-y-ol'y-sis. i. = Karyokinesis. 2. Disap¬ 
pearance of nuclei in tissuesnecrosis. fkar'y-o- 
lyt'ic. — kar'y-o-mi'cro-some, one of the granular 
bodies occurring in the nuclear fluid of a cell.— 
kar'y-o-mite, one of the threads of the nuclear 
netswork of a cell.— kar-y-om'i-tome, the net* 
work pervading the substance of a celbnucleus. 

Chromatin. — kar’y-o-mi'to-plasm, the denser 
portion of a celbnucleus. — kar*y-o-mi-tot'ic, 
kar'y-o-mi-tos'ic, kar*y-o-mi-to'ic, relating to 
karyomitosis.— kar’y-o-my-to'sis. i. = Karyo¬ 
kinesis. 2. The result of the process of karyo¬ 
kinesis. 3. Karyokinesis by division of cell* 
fibres.— kar'y-on, the nucleus of a cell.— kar’y- 
o-plas'ma = nucleoplasm. — kar'y-or-rhex'is, 
nuclear fragmentation.— kar’y-o-so'ma, pi. karyo- 
so'maia; kar'y-o-some = chromosome. — kar-y- 
os'ta-sis, the resting stage of a celDnucleus.— 
kar'y-o-ste-no'sis, division of a celbnucleus by 
constriction or direct separation; direct or amitotic 
cellsdivision; amitosis.— kar‘y-o-ste-not'ic, relat¬ 
ing to or marked by karyostenosis.— kar-y-o'ta, 
nucleated cells.— kar‘y-o-the'ca, the sheath or 
envelope of a celbnucleus. 

ka-sagTa. A proprietary fluidextractum rhamni 

PURSHIAN^ AROMATICUM*. 

kat-, kat'a-. =Cat-, cata-. [< Kara down.] 

Kat-chen'ko*s celDnodules. BudsHke masses of 
decidual and syncytial tissue detached from 
the decidua. 

ka-thar'mon. An antiseptic said to contain hy- 
drastis and other vegetable principles. 

ka-this*i-o-pho'bi a. = Ackatisia. 


c 




kat'rine. An alkaloid from kat, the African name 
for the leaves of Celas'trus edu'lis, which are used 
in Africa as a stimulant. 

kau'ri. A variety of dammar resin or varnish, 
produced mainly from the kauri pine (Dam'mara 
ausira'lis) of New Zealand: used in dentistry, 
ka'va, ka'vaska'va. Macrop'iper latifo'lium, a sort 
of long pepper, a native of Polynesia, and its 
root; also a beverage prepared from it. It is 
intoxicating, diuretic, and soporific, and its contin¬ 
ued use is liable to be followed by serious skin 
diseases and peculiar eye troubles. k^Areva* 
rev A. It has been recommended in gout, phthisis, 
cystitis, etc. Its resin is a local anaesthetic. 
[Polynesian.] fk^-'ya-ine, an alkaloid from kava. 
ka'va-hine. = Methysticine. 

Keck'er’s ear. A tonsil. 

ke-dan'i disease. An exanthematous disease of 
Japan, caused by the Pro'teus haus'seri. [Tf C.f. 
B. ’ 06 .] K. mite, Japanese river fever. 
Kee'gan’s operation. The operation by which an 
artificial nose is formed from a flap chiefly taken 
from one end of the forehead, 
keeledsbreast. = Chicken=breast. 

Kee'ley cure. A proprietary treatment of chronic 
alcoholism in special institutions, using medicines 
said to contain gold chloride. 

Keen’s operation. = Omphalectomy. K.’s sign, 
increased diameter of the leg across the malleoli: 
seen in fracture involving the anklesjoint. 
keep'er. = Armature. 

ke'fir, ke'fer, ke'phir, ke'fyr, ke'phyr. A mild alco¬ 
holic drink prepared in the Northern Caucasus 
by the fermentation of the milk of mares or 
cows, a peculiar ferment being employed. ^ 
Kefirsseed. Kefir prepared from cow’s midc is 
now used as a stimulant food, chiefly in hospital 
practice, in all parts of Europe and in America. 

Koumiss. K.sseed, a ferment used in the prep¬ 
aration of kefir; millet seeds of the prophet 
Mohammed; kefir mushrooms. Bacil'lus caucas'- 
icus is believed to be its active agent, but the com- 
. mon yeastsplant is also associated with it. 
Kehr'er’s operation. The operation of excising a 
piece of the skin around a depressed nipple and 
allowing cicatricial contraction to elevate the 
nipple. 

keim'plasm. Germsplasm. [< Ger. keim germ.] 
ke'lec-tome. = Harpoon. [< Ktjlr] tumor + mro/n^ 
cutting out.] 

ke'lene. = Ethyl chloride. 

ke'lis. Circumscribed scleroderma; morphoea; Ad¬ 
dison’s keloid. [< stain.] 

KeTley’s sign. A pleuritic sign in paediatrics in which 
the child lies preferably on its back, 
kel'lin. A crystalline principle from Am'mi visna'- 
ga, which acts upon the heart and the spinal 
cord. 

Kell'ner’s ocular. An orthoscopic ocular. 

Keylock’s sign. Increased vibration of the ribs on 
percussion, due to pleural effusion, 
ke'loid. A name given, by error, to cheloid. 
Addison’s k. = kelis. Alibert’s k., a thickened 
and hypertrophied cicatrix. Cicatricial or False 
k. = CICATRICIAL KELOID. K. sycosis, sycosis in 
which the cicatrices formed from the follicular 
inflammation undergo keloid degeneration. [< 
Kr}?dg scar + eldog form.] 
ke-lol'o-gy. = Celology. 

ke-lor'rha-phy. = Orchiorrhaphy. [<hernia 
4- pa(j)'^ suture.] 
ke'los. = Keloid, 










KELOSOMUS 


480 


KERATO- 


ke-lo-so'mus. =Celosome, ==Celosomus. 
ke-lot'o-my. The operation of cutting the stricture 
of strangulated hernia. [ < hernia + rojii} 

cutting.] 

kelp. Fu'cus vesiculo'sus and several other sea¬ 
weeds: used as a source of barilla and iodine. 
Ken'ne-dy’s sign. The umbilical or funic souffle of 
pregnancy. 

ken-o-pho'bi a. = Agoraphobia. [<Aerdf empty 
+ (pdl^og fear.] 
ke-no'sis. =Cenosis. 

Kent'ish liniment. == Linimentum terebinthi- 

N.E*. 

ken‘tro-ki-ne'sis. Action produced by the influence 
of some motor nervescentre. [ < KCVTpov centre 
+ KivTjaig movement.] 
kephal-. =Cephal-. 

keph'a-losphos-phor'ic acid. A kind of phosphoric 
acid occurring in brain tissue, 
ker-a-phyl'lo-cele. A horny tumor at the toe of 
the horse, due to a local congestion of the podo- 
phyllous tissue. [ < Kepag horn -f (pvTCkov leaf -f- 
Kjjlrj tumor.] tke-raph'yl-lous, of the natuie of 
a horny lamina. 

ker'a-sene. A substance, C4gH0jNOg, resembling 
cerebrin, existing in the brain. [< Kepaq horn.] 
ker'a-sin. =Cerasin. 

ker'at-. Horn; cornea; kerato-; cerato-: a com¬ 
bining form. [ </cepaf horn.] ker-a-tal'gi a, pain 
in the cornea, as K. eczemato'sa, eczematous in¬ 
flammation transferred from the conjunctiva to 
the cornea: K. traumat'ica, spasmodic, intermit¬ 
tent ocular pain after local injury: and K. xerot'- 
ica, purulent infiltration of the lower half of the 
cornea, causing ulceration and total necrosis.— 
kefa-tec-ta'si a, bulging or protrusion of the 
cornea. kS" Keratocele; keratoglobus. — ker- 
a-tec'to-my == kerectomy. — ker-a-ti'a-sis, the 
formation of hornslike excrescences on any part 
of the skin.— ker’a-tich-thy-o'sis, corneal ichthy¬ 
osis.— ker'a-tin, a complex proteid, the basis 
of horn, hair, quills, etc. Its alkaline solution is 
sometimes used in pharmacy for coating pills, 
which thus protected are believed not to be dis¬ 
solved till they reach the small intestine, tker- 
a-tin'ian, relating to keratin or to the cornea, 
ker'a-tin-i-za'tion, the formation of horny tissue 
in a part, ke-rat'i-nous, containing keratin, 
ker-a-ti'tis. Inflammation of the cornea. K. bullo'- 
sa, phlyctenular keratitis. Deep k., interstitial 
keratitis. Dendritic k., keratitis resulting in ulcer¬ 
ation which has the form of a fine groove giving off 
lateral branches; dendriform ulcer. Dotted k. = 
K. PUNCTATA. K. e lagophthal'mo, inflammation 
and disintegration of the cornea from exposure to 
the air in lagophthalmia. Fascicular k., phlycten¬ 
ular keratitis. Hypopyon k., ulceration of the 
cornea with iritis and hypopyon. Interstitial k., 
keratitis marked by the formation of deposits in 
the substance of the cornea, giving it an opaque 
appearance; parenchymatous k.; deep k.: it 
occurs in cases of congenital syphilis. Marginal 
k., a variety of phlyctenular keratitis in which 
the papules are arranged around the margin of 
the cornea. K. neuroparalyt'ica, keratitis occur¬ 
ring in or following paralysis of the fifth nerve. 
Phlyctenular k., an eye disease marked by the 
formation upon the cornea of small papules, 
which may afterward develop into ulcers; fas¬ 
cicular k. K. profun'da, interstitial keratitis. 
K. puncta'ta, a condition seen in cases of serous 
iritis, cyclitis, and ophthalmitis; dotted opacity. 


The lower part of the cornea becomes hazy 
and the seat of small dotted opacities, often 
arranged in a triangular form with the apex 
downward. Ribbonslike k., the formation of a 
transverse film on the cornea. Sclerosing k., 
keratitis in which infiltrates, etc., are associated 
with scleritis. Ulcerative k., ulceration of the 
cornea. K. xerot'ica. i. Keratomalacia. 2. = 
K. E LAGOPHTHALMO. [< Kepag hom, cornea.] 
ker'a-to-. Horn; cornea; kerat-; cerato-: a 
combining form. — ker'a-to-cele, hernia of the 
innermost layer of the cornea (Descemet’s mem¬ 
brane) through an ulcer or a wound.— ker‘a-to- 
chro-ma-to'sis, discoloration of the cornea. — 
ker*a-to-con-junc-ti-vi'tis, keratitis with conjunc¬ 
tivitis.— ker'a-to-co-nom'e-ter, an apparatus for 
measuring astigmatism by means of images 
reflected from the cornea.— ker*a-to-co'nus, a 
cone-shaped deformity of the cornea, the apex 
being central; conical cornea.— kefa-to-cri'coid 
muscle = cERATocRicoiD MUSCLE.— ker*a-to-de- 
i'tis, -der-ma-ti'tis = keratitis. — kefa-to-der- 
ma-to'sis, any skin disease marked by degen¬ 
eration of the horny elements.— ker’a-to-der- 
mi'tis, any inflammatory skin disease attended 
with scaly formations.— ker-a-tod'o-cele = ker- 
ATOCELE.— ker-a-to-gen'e-sis = ceratogenesis. 
— ker-a-tog'e-nous, giving origin to a homy 
growth or .structure, as K. membrane, that part 
of the corium which forms the nails.— ker'a-to- 
glo'bus, enlargement of the cornea, especially 
when it assumes a globular form.— ker’a-to- 
glos'sus = cERATOGLossus. — ker‘a-to-hel-co'sis, 
ulceration of the cornea.— ker*a-to-hy'a-lin = 
ELEiDiN.— ker'a-toid, resembling horn; hom-like; 
resembling the cornea or its tissue, as K. sheath, 
the tough envelope enclosing the axis-cylinder of 
a medullated nerve-fibre.— ker'a-tosi-ri'tis, kera¬ 
titis with iritis; inflammation of the cornea and 
iris.— ker*a-to-leu-ko'ma, a white opacity of the 
cornea.— ker-a-tol'y-sis, that condition in which 
the skin becomes dry and peels off like the 
slough of a serpent; deciduous skin; skin- 
shedding; it may occur with marked peri¬ 
odicity and with very slight subjective symp¬ 
toms. fker'a-to-lyt'ic, relating to keratolysis.— 
ker-a-to'ma, pi. kerato'mata, a horny growth; a 
callosity; a corneal tumor.— kefa-to-ma-la'cia, 
a softening of the cornea.— ker-a-tom'e-ter, an 
instrument for measuring the curvature of the 
cornea; an ophthalmometer. Iker-a-tom'e-try, 
the use of the keratometer.— kefa-to-my-co'sis, 
fungous disease of the cornea.— ker'a-to-no'sis = 
KERATOSIS.— ker’a-to-nyx'is = needling.— ker*- 
a-to-pha-ryn'ge us= ceratopharyngeus. — ker- 
a-toph'o-rous, bearing or supporting a horny 
growth.— ker*a-to-plas'tic, belonging to kerato¬ 
plasty.— ker'a-to-plas-ty, a plastic operation on 
the cornea; the transplantation or grafting of 
sound corneal tissue from some animal (as a rab¬ 
bit) into an opaque human cornea.— ker*a-tor- 
rhex'is, rupture of the cornea.— kera-to-scle-ri'- 
tis, inflammation of the cornea and sclerotic.— 
ker'a-to-scope, an instrument for inspecting the 
cornea, testing its curves, and observing its re¬ 
flected images, tker-a-tos'co-py, the surgical ex¬ 
amination of the cornea, and especially the study 
of reflections from its anterior surface.— ker-a-to'- 
sis, any horny skin disease or keratonosis, as K. 
follicula'ris — Darier’s disease: K. ni'gricans, a 
rare skin disease, marked by pigmentation and 
the formation of cutaneous outgrowths; acan- 


KERAUNONEUROSIS 


481 


KINiESTHETIC 


thosis nigricans: K. obtu'rans, a mass of har¬ 
dened epidermis and cerumen in the external 
auditory meatus: K. palma'ris or planta'ris, a cal¬ 
losity of the hand or foot: K. pila'ris, a skin 
affection characterized by small conical eleva¬ 
tions, each surrounding a hairsfollicle: K.seni'lis, 
a dry, horny condition of the skin, due to senile 
degeneration: and K. universa'Hs muhijor'mis, 
the formation of lamellar masses of horn in vari¬ 
ous parts of the body, accompanied by swelling 
and inflammation of the skin and severe irritation. 

ker*a-to-thy'roid muscle = ceratothyroid 
MUSCLE.— ker'a-tome, a knife for dividing the 
cornea, fker-a-tot'o-my. 
h6-rau'no-neu-ro'sis. A neurosis due to a stroke 
of lightning. [< Ktpavvog lightning-|- neurosis.] 
fke-rau-no-pho'bi a, insane fear of lightning, 
ker-ec-ta'si a. The expansion of a cornea which has 
been made soft and pliant by pannus. 
ke-rec'to-my. The operation of excising the out¬ 
ward layers of the cornea, by which a clear aper¬ 
ture in the middle of a generally opaque cornea 
may be obtained. 

ke'rion. =Favus. [ < honeyscomb.] 

Kerk'ring’s valves. = Valvule coNNivENTES. 
ker'mes animal or berry. An insect, Coc'cus il'icis, 
found upon the K. oak, Quer'cus coccif'era, which 
grows in Southern Europe and in the Levant. 
The insects are in the form of round, reddish 
grains, about the size of peas, found adhering to 
the branches, and were formerly used as a scarlet 
dye. K. mineral, antimonium sulphuratum. 
Ker'nig’s sign. The inability to extend the knee 
completely or almost completely when the thigh 
is at right angles to the trunk in meningitis, 
ker'o-sene. A product of the fractional distillation 
of petroleum intermediate between rhigolene, 
naphtha, benzine, etc., and the lubricating oils 
and wax. It should not be inflammable unless 
heated to 110-150° F. {fireHest), nor give off ex¬ 
plosive vapor below a certain temperature {flash* 
point) when tested under standard conditions, 
ke-ro'sis. =Cerosis. 

ke'tin. One of a series of compounds having the 
formula CgHgOg. 

ke'tone. Any compound containing the group 
-CO- with two alkyl radicals, as acetone, CHg— 
CO—CHg: formed by oxidation of a secondary 
alcohol, and generally a fragrant, volatile, oily 
liquid, fke-to'nic, relating to a ketone, ke-tox'- 
im, a product of the combination of a ketone 
with hydroxylamine. [A generalized form of 
acetone.'] 

ket'tlessing'ing sound. A sound like that of water 
boiling in a kettle: heard over the chest in incip¬ 
ient phthisis. 

Key and Ret'zius’s foramina (cai). Two foramina 
in the inferior choroid tela of the fourth ventricle 
at the lateral recesses: they open into thecisterna 
magna, thereby establishing communication be¬ 
tween the ventricular cavities and the subarach¬ 
noid space. 

key'note. The characteristic property of a drug 
which indicates its employment for a definite 
symptom in the treatment of a diseased con¬ 
dition. (Homoeopathy.) 

Key’s operation. Lateral lithotomy done with a 
straight staff. 

Kg., Kgm. Abbr. for kilogram, 
kho'ssam. The seeds of Bru'cea sumaira'na: used 
in dysentery. Dose, 8 to 12 seeds. 

KI. Chemical formula for potassium iodide. 

31 


kibe. = Chilblain. 

kick'ing pulse. = Watershammer pulse. 

kid'ney. One of the two glandular, bean-shaped 
bodies situated in the lumbar region, consisting 
of an external or cortical and an internal or 
medullary substance, with a hilus, renal sinus, 
and capsule: they elaborate the urine, which re¬ 
moves various waste products from the system, and 
supply to the body an internal secretion of un¬ 
known composition. K.splant, k.sroot = Bac- 

CHARIS PILU- 
LARIS. 

K ier'nan’s 
spaces. Inter¬ 
lobular hepat- 
i c lymph* 
spaces. 

Kie'sel-guhr. A 

fossil diatom- 
aceous earth; 
a light, bulky 
powder used 
as an absorb¬ 
ent agent and 
for clearing 
bacterial flu¬ 
ids, as urine. 

D I A T o M. 

[Ger.] 

Kies'sel-bach’s 
place. The 
spot where 
the nasal sep¬ 
tum is thin¬ 
nest and most 
easily perfo¬ 
rated. 

ki-es'te-in, ki- 
es'tin. =Ky- 

ESTEIN. 

Kil'i an’s line. = 

Linea promi- 



N EN S . 


K.’s 


Section of Injected Human Kidney. 
— a. Interlobular artery giving off 
afferent twig (b). c. Efferent vessel 
passing into intertubular capillaries 
(d). e. Convoluted capillaries of glo¬ 
merulus. f. Outer layer of Bowman’s 
capsule, the nuclei of whose cells 
show at g. h. Uriniferous tubule 
in transverse section, i. In oblique 
section. 


operation, the 
obliteration of 
the frontal 

sinus without packing. The anterior wall of 
the sinus is excised, the diseased bone and 
mucous membrane removed, and a permanent 
communication with the nose established. K.’s 
pelvis, a pelvis affected with osteomalacia. 

Ki'lo. I. Abbr. for kilogramme. 2. Abbr. for kilo¬ 
metre. 

kil-o-ca-lor'ic. Calorie. 

kil'o-gramme, kil'o-gram. One thousand grammes. 

Weights and measures, table of. 
kiko-grammesme'tre. The work done in lifting one 
kilogramme through one metre, 
kil'o-li-tre. One thousand litres, Weight. 
kil-om'e-tre. One thousand metres. ^Weight. 
kil'o-watt. One thousand watts; an electrical unit 
of force equal to about i J horse*power. K.shour, 
1000 wattshours; a unit of energy equal to about 
866 large calories. [< thousand 4 - watt.] 

kin-, kine-. Prefixes denoting movement. {<.KLvelv 
to move.] 

kln-aes-the'sis. The sense by which muscular motion, 
position, weight, etc., are appreciated. [< K/velv 
to move + aladrjaig sense.] fkin-aes-the-si-oni'e- 
ter, an instrument for measuring the muscle sense. 
kin-3es-thet'ic. Relating to kinaesthesis, or the 
perception of muscular motion. K. centre, the 







KINASE 


482 


KNEE 


centre for perceiving the impression caused "by 
muscular motion. K. sense = kin^sthesis. 
ki -nase'. An enzyme which activates a zymogen, 
kin-e-mat'ics. The science of motion. [ < Kivrf/xa 
motion.] 

kin-e-sal'gi a. Pain following muscular contrac¬ 
tion. [< KivT/aig movement-f aAyog pain.] 
ki-ne'si-. Motion: a combining form. [< 

motion.] ki-ne'si a = kinesitherapy. —'ki-ne'si- 
8es-the-si-om'e-ter, an instrument for testing 
the muscular sense.— ki-ne-si-al'gi a, pain in 
a muscle when it is brought into action.— ki- 
ne-si-at'rics = kinesitherapy. — ki-nes'ic = ki¬ 
netic. — kin-e-sim'e-ter, ki-ne-si-om'e-ter, an in¬ 
strument for estimating motion or the sense 
of motion.— ki-ne-si-ol'o-gy, the science of move¬ 
ments, especially as applied to hygiene.— ki-ne’- 
si-o-neu-ro'sis, functional disorder of the nervous 
system; disorder of movement due to derange¬ 
ment of the nervous system: distinguished as 
External, Internal or visceral, and Vascular, ac¬ 
cording as it affects the external muscles, the 
muscles of the viscera, or the muscles of the 
blood-vessels.— ki-ne-sip'a-thy=KiNESiTHERAPY. 
— ki-ne'sis, motion.— ki-ne-si-ther'a-py, move¬ 
ment cure; the treatment of diseases by gymnastic 
movements and similar means, 
kin-e-sod 'ic. A term applied to the nervous sub¬ 
stance which is believed to form the road (or 
means of conveyance) to motorial influences. K. 
system, the motor elements of the spinal cord 
taken as a whole. [< KivT^aig motion-1- 6 d 6 g way.] 
kin-es-the'sia, kin-es-the'sis. = Kin^sthesis. 
ki-net'ic. Relating to motion; producing motion; 
motory. K. energy, energy in action; energy 
engaged in doing work. [< Kiveiv to move.] 
ki-net'i-ca. Diseases affecting the muscles, 
ki-ne-to-gen'e-sis. The theory that animal struc¬ 
tures, such as bone, muscle, teeth, etc., have 
their origin through movements or by mechanical 
means. [<, Kivelv to move+yiveatg generation.] 
kin-e-to'ses. A group of diseases due to the body 
being in a state of abnormal motion, as in sea¬ 
sickness. 

king’s evil. Glandular tuberculosis, from the belief 
that it might be cured by the touch of royalty. 
K.’s yellow, yellow orpiment. 
kin'ic acid. ==Quinic acid. 
kink. A fit of coughing; a gasp, or inspiration, 
kink'host. = Pertussis. 

ki'no*. The inspissated juice of Pterocar'pus mar- 
su'pium: a powerful astringent. Dose, 0.5 Gm. 
(7^ grs.). African k., the gum of P. erina'ceus. 
Botany bay k., kino from Eucalyp'tus resinij'era. 
Butea k., the gum of Bu'tea frondo'sa. K.=red, a 
red amorphous substance, C^H220jj, derived from 
kino; kinoic acid, tki-no'in, a crystalline sub¬ 
stance, C14H12O5, derived from kino, 
ki-nom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring uterine 
displacement. [ < Kivelv to move -t-perpov measure.] 
ki'none. =Quinone. 
ki-no-tan'nic acid. Tannic acid from kino, 
ki-no'vic, ki-no'vin. =Quinovic, quinovin. 
ki'on-, ki'o-no-. Uvula; ciono-; staphylo-: a com¬ 
bining form. [< k'iuv uvula.] ki-o-nec'tomy, 
excision of the uvula.— ki-o-ni'tis, inflammation 
of the uvula.— ki*o-nop-to'sis, a falling or elonga¬ 
tion of the uvula.— ki-o-nor'rha-phy = staphy¬ 
lorrhaphy. — ki-on'o-tome = kiotome. — ki-o- 
not'o-my, partial amputation of the uvula, 
kl'o-tonie. A sheathed knife for cutting off the 
uvula, for operations in the bladder or rectum, 



Kitasato’s Filter. 


etc.; cionotome. l < mov uvula -f ropi] cutting.] 
fki-ot'o-my, the use of the kiotome; cionotomy. 
Kirch'hoff’s lines. = Fraunhofer’s bands. 
Kirch'ner’s experiment. = Experimentum mira- 
BILB. 

Kirsch'was-ser. A liqueur distilled from cherries 
with the cherry-stones: a colorless alcoholic bev¬ 
erage having a flavor 
of cherries and prussic 
acid. [Ger., “cherry- 
water.”] 

Kisch’s method. An 

obesity cure, consist¬ 
ing in the use of large 
amounts of albumin¬ 
oids without restric¬ 
tion of fluids. 

Kis'sing-en water. A 
laxative saline water 
from Kissingen, Ba¬ 
varia. Artificial K. 
salts, a mixture of 
salts imitating the 
composition of the 
solids of Kissingen 
water. 

Ki-ta-sa'to’s bacillus. 

= Bacillus pestis. 

K.’s filter, a porcelain 
filter for separating 
ultramicroscopic organisms by aid of a suction 
pump. K.’s serum, an anticholera serum pre¬ 
pared from virulent cultures of cholera bacilli, 
kite'stail plug or tampon. A number of pledgets 
of cotton attached to a cord and resembling the 
tail of a kite. 

Ki'wisch’s method. The induction of labor by hot 
douches. 

Kjel'dahl’s method. The estimation of nitrogen in 
organic compounds by combustion with sulphuric 
acid, followed by volatilizing and titrating the 
ammonia thus formed, Distillation. 

Kl. Abbr. for kilolitre. 

Klang. —Timbre. [Ger.] 

Kle'be’s sign. = Gersuny’s sign. 

KlebssLbf'fier’s bacillus. = Bacillus diphtheria. 
kleid-, klei'do-. =Cleid-, cleido-. [< /c/leif clav¬ 
icle.] 

Klein'en-berg’s fibres. Nerve-fibres whose sup¬ 
posed function is purely internuclear. 
klep-to-ma'nia, klo-pe-ma'nia. An irresistible in¬ 
sane propensity for stealing at all times, not 
associated with ob\dous insanity, fl^cp-to-ma'- 
ni-ac, one affected with kleptomania. [< KkeirTtiv 
to steal -1- pavia madness.] 
klu'mene. = Acetylene. 

Klump'ke’s paralysis. Atrophic paralysis of the 
interosseous, hypothenar, and thenar muscles, 
with anaesthesia of the forearm and fingers. 

Km. Abbr. for kilometre. 

Knapp’s operation. Cataract extraction by a broad 
iridectomy. K.’s reagent, a reagent consisting 
of mercuric cyanide and sodium hydrate: used 
as a test for sugar in the urine, 
knea'ding. A form of massage; p6trissage. 
knee. i. =Genu*. 2. The region of the artic¬ 
ulation of the leg with the thigh. K.scap, the 
patella*. K.schest position = genupectoral 
POSITION. K.selbow posture — genucubital 
posture. K.sjerk, K.skick, the patellar tendon 
reflex, a sudden involuntary contraction of the 
quadriceps cruris, causing an upward jerk or kick 










KNEIP’S METHOD 


483 


KOYTER’S MUSCLE 



of the foot, excited by a smart blow upon the liga- 
mentum patellae, the leg being at a right angle 
to the thigh, and hanging loosely and at rest. 
t»- Reinforced reflex. K.sjoint. K.span, the pa¬ 
tella. K. presentation, breech presentation in which 
the knees are presented. K.sreflex = K.*jerk. 
Kneip’s method. The walking barefooted upon grass 
with the dew upon it, and other 
forms of hydrotherapy, combined ^ ^ 

with a peculiar dress and including 
a special form of bread; kneip'ism. 
knife needle. A needle with a cut¬ 
ting edge: used in cataract ope¬ 
rations. fK.srest crystals, triple 
phosphate crystals deposited in 
alkaline urine, having the shape 
of a knife*rest; coffinslid crystals, 
knit'ted. Joined, as of fractured 
bones in which a certain degree 
of firmness is attained, 
knit'ter’s cramp. Contraction of the 
extensor muscles of the hand with 
numbness of the finger*ends, seen 
in persons who knit, 
knock'sknee. = Genu valgum. 
knot, ts- Surgeon’s knot. 
knot'ted suture. = Interrupted 
SUTURE. 

knuckTe. Any one of the prominences of the pha¬ 
langeal or metacarpophalangeal joints. 

Ko'belts’s tubes. The remains of the ducts in the 
Wolffian bodies. 

KochsEhr'lich stain. An alkaline methylene blue 
solution, followed by vesuvin: the blue color is 
retained only by the tubercle bacilli. 

Kocher’s operation, r. An operation for reducing 
. subcoracoid dislocation of the humerus. 2. Exci¬ 
sion of the ankle-joint by making an incision 
below the external malleolus, dividing the pero¬ 
neal tendons, removing the diseased parts after 
opening the joint, and suturing the divided ten- 


Knots. —a. 
Slip-knot. b. 
Single or sim¬ 
ple knot. c. 
Square knot, 
d. Figure-of- 
8 knot. 



Theodor Kocher, Swiss Robert Koch, German Bac- 
SURGEON, 1841- . TERIOLOGIST, 184.3-1910- 


dons. 3. Removal of the thyroid gland. 4. An 
operation for cancer of the rectum. 

koch'in. = Tuberculin. 

Koch’s bacillus, i. = Tubercle bacillus. 2.= 
Spirillum cholera Asiatics. K.’s eruption, a 
morbilli form eruption, sometimes following the use 
of tuberculin. K.’s lymph = tuberculin. K.’s 
method, treatment of tuberculosis by tuberculin. 
K.’s postulates (laws), postulates for specific path¬ 
ogenicity of any bacterium: it must be (i) de¬ 
monstrable from all cases, and (2) grown in pure 
culture; the culture must (3) reproduce the disease 
when inoculated; and (4) from the reproduced dis¬ 
ease a pure culture must be again obtainable. 


KochsWeeks’s bacillus. = Bacillus ^egyptius. 
kod-o-zo'nol. A proprietary ozonized cod-liver oil. 
Koe'ber-le’s operation. = Olshausen’s operation. 
Koe'nig’s symptom=complex. Chronic diarrhoea and 
constipation with signs of obstruction: seen in 
tuberculous stenosis of the caecum. [T 1 G. ’07.] 
Kohl'rausch’s fold. A fold of mucous membrane 
projecting from the right side into the lumen of 
the rectum; third sphincter, 
koi-lo-nych'i a. =Spoonsnail. 
ko'ko. =Frambcesia. 

koTa nuts. The seeds of Stercu'lia acumina'ta: ex¬ 
tensively used in Africa, being chewed for their 
stimulating effects on the nervous system. They 
contain caffeine. 

KolTi-ker’s column. = Muscle-column. K.’s fi¬ 
brous layer = MESiRis. K.’s gland = Bowman’s 
GLAND. K.’s musclesbud = muscle-spindle. K.’s 
musclescolumn= muscle-column. K.’s neuro¬ 
podia, the short, arborizing axons of certain nerve- 
cells. K.’s nucleus, the gray matter surrounding 
the canal of the spinal cord. K.’s organ, the cy¬ 
lindrical epithelium which lines the sulcus spiralis 
internus. Dn. ’03.] K.’s reticular lamina or 
membrane = memb RAN A reticularis. K.’s retic¬ 
ulum = NEUROGLIA. 

KolTman’s five=glass test. A form of irrigation 
TEST. K.’s dilator, a stricture dilator. 
kol-lo-ne'ma. = Myxoma. 

Kol-los'sow’s method. A method of demonstrating 
protoplasmic bridges by treating with osmic acid 
followed by tannie or pyrogallic acid, 
ko-lo-ty'phus. =Colotyphus. 

kolp-, kol'po-. —CoLP-, COLPO-. [</cdATTOf vagina.] 
ko-ni-an'tron. An instrument for spraying the 
tympanic cavity, 
koos'so. = Kousso. 

Kopf'stet-a-nus. = Cephalic tetanus. [Ger.] 
ko-pi-o'pia. = Asthenopia. 

KopTik’s sign or spots. An early form of eruption 
in measles, consisting in small reddish spots on 
the mucous membrane of the mouth with pale- 
blue centres. 

Kop'pe-schaar’s solution. Decinormal bromine. 
Kopp’s asthma. Spasm of the glottis, 
kop'ro-. =CoPRO-. [</coTTpof excrement.] 
ko-rec-to'mi a. = Iridectomy. 
ko-ro'ni on. A cranio metrical point at the apex of 
the coronoid process of the inferior maxilla, 
ko-ros'co-py. = Skiascopy. 

Kor'sa-koff’s syndrome, disease or psychosis. A 
chronic irregular delirium due to some toxaemia 
(often chronic alcoholism), commonly associated 
with multiple neuritis, characterized by disorien¬ 
tation, irregular impairment of memory and 
remarkable pseudoreminiscences, and often ap¬ 
parently curable in a few months’ time, 
ko^sin. = Bray ERIN, 
ko'so. = Kousso. 

Kotts'torf-er value. = Saponification value. 
kou'miss, ku'miss. i. Fermented mares’ milk: 
much used by the people of Tartary. 2. The lac 
fermenta'tum of the N. F.. a similar preparation 
made from cows’ milk, glucose, and yeast, and 
bottled: a nutritious, acidulous, effervescent bev¬ 
erage containing about 2% of alcohol. i»‘Gala- 
zyme; kefir; .matzoon. 
kous^sin. =Brayerin. 

kous'so, koos'so. The flowers of Hage'nia abyssin'- 
tea: a taenifuge. Dose, 15 Gm. (^ oz.). 
Kow-a-lew'sky’s canal. =Neurenteric can.\l 
Koy'ter’s muscle. =Corrugator superciiiu 



KRABBEA GRANDIS 


484 


KYTO- 



Krab-be'a gran'dis. A rare tapeworm of Japan. 

Kra-me'ri a*, i. A genus of astringent polygala- 
ceous underoshrubs of South America. 2. The 
U. S. P. name for the root of K. trian'dra, K. 
argen'tea, or K. ixi'na. It is generally tonic and 
powerfully astringent. It is useful in chronic diar¬ 
rhoea, menorrhagia, etc. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
fkra-mer'ic acid, a constituent of krameria*. 

Kramp'ton. s^Crampton. 

Kras'ke’s operation. ^ Sa¬ 
crectomy. 

krau-ro'sis pudendi or vulvae. 

A chronic atrophy and pru¬ 
ritus of the skin and mu¬ 
cosa of the vulva. 

Krau'se’s corpuscles (ends 
bulbs or endsbuds) . Round 
or oval bodies of the con¬ 
junctiva, mouth, nose, 
glans penis, clitoris, epineu- 
rium, and tendons. They 
form a specialized nerve* 
termination. K.’s ellipsoid, 
a fibrillar, ellipsoidal body from Human Con- 
in the outer part of the junctiva. (Dogiel.) 
inner segment of the retinal 

rod in vertebrates. K.’s glands, acinous glands in 
the orbital portion of the conjunctiva. K.’s lines, 
interrupted lines passing through the white bands 
of a muscular fibril: regarded by many as due 
to Krause’s membranes. K.’s membranes, mem¬ 
branes assumed to exist as delicate partitions 
given off from the sarcolemma and separating 
the sarcous disks. K.’s method, the induction 
of labor by passing a bougie into the uterus. 
K.’s nerve= K.’s ulnar collateral nerve. K.’s 
operation, removal of the gasserian ganglion. 
K.’s respiratory bundle = solitary bundle. K.’s 
ulnar collateral nerve, a branch of the musculo- 
spiral accompanying the ulnar nerve and ending 
in the inner head of the triceps. K.’s valve = 
B^raud’s valve. 

kre'a-sote. = Creosote. 

kre'a-tin, kre-at'i-nin. =Creatin, creatinin. 

kre-a-tox'ism, -o-tox'ism, -is'mus. = Meat* poi¬ 
soning. 

kre'sin. A preparation of a solution of cresol in a 
solution of sodium cresoxylacetate. 

. kre'sol, kre'syl-ol. = Cresol. 

Kreys'sig’s sign. Systolic epigastric retraction in 
pericardial adhesion. 

Kris'hab-er’s disease. A nervous disease with hy- 
peraesthesia, delusions, tachycardia, and vertigo. 

Kri-sow'ski’s sign. Furrows about the mouth in 
congenital syphilis. 

Kro'gi us’s method. Introduction of the local anaes¬ 
thetic close to the nerve supply of the area. 

krom'skop. An instrument giving colored stereo¬ 
scopic effects to three photographs of the same 

object, fkro'mo-gram. 

Kron'lein’s hernia. Inguinoproperitoneal hernia. 
K.’s operation, i. Exposure of the third branch 
of the trigeminus nerve for the relief of neural¬ 
gia. 2. An operation for sarcoma of the orbit. 

Kron'eck-er’s centre. The inhibitory centre of the 
heart. K. and Licht'en-stein’s serum, sodium car¬ 
bonate 1-10,000, in normal salt solution. K.’s 
fluid, a slightly alkaline 5% salt solution: used in 
the microscopic examination of fresh tissues. 

Kron'ig’s method. Auscultatory percussion of the 
pulmonary apices. 

kry-an-aes-the'si a. m- Ardan.esthesia. 


kry'o-fin. Methylglycollic*phenetidin. 
kryp'ti-dine. =Cryptidine. 
kryp'to-. = Crypto-. [</cpuTrrdf concealed.] 
ku-bi-sa-ga'ri, -sga'ri. A form of paralytic vertigo 
endemic in Japan and parts of Europe. [Jap.] 
Kiih'ne’s endsplate. = End=plate. K.’s method, 
a modification of Cohnheim’s method of gold 
impregnation. K.’s musclesspindle = muscle* 
SPINDLE. K.’s muscular phenomenon = Por- 
ret’s phenomenon. 

Kiim'mel. A German cordial. 

Kiim'mel’s disease. Traumatic spondylitis. 

Kuhn’s intubation. A method of per*oral intuba¬ 
tion for anaesthesia in operations on the head. 
Kuhn’s mask. .A respiratory mask for producing 
pulmonary hyperaemia. [^1 M. R. Mar. 13, ’09.] 
Kuhnt’s cylinderscone. Any one of the cylindrical 
sections of an annular segment of a medullated 
nerve*fibre marked off by the incisures of Schmidt 
and Lantermann. K.’s spaces, a series of radial 
spaces communicating anteriorly with the poste¬ 
rior chamber of the eye. 
ku'miss. = Koumiss. 

Kum'mer’s method of anaesthesia. The use of an 
elastic constrictor in local anaesthesia previous to 
the application of the ether spray, 
ku'myss. = Koumiss. fku-mys'gen, a propri¬ 
etary dry preparation of koumiss, 
ku'o-rin. A serum reaction for syphilis and leprosy, 
ku-rung' oil. An oil from the seeds of Ponga'mia 
gla'bra: used in rheumatism and skin diseases, 
kus-par'i-dine, kus'pa-rine. = Cusparidine, etc. 
Kuss'maul’s aphasia. Aphasia. K.’s coma, 
diabetic coma. K.’s disease or paralysis, acute 
atrophic spinal paralysis. K.’s paradoxical pulse 
= PARADOXICAL PULSE. K.’s respiration, the air 
hunger of diabetic coma. K.sLandry’s paralysis,. 
Landry’s paralysis. 

Kiis'ter’s sign. An anterior median position of a 
cystic uterine tumor: usually a dermoid, 
ky-es'te-in, ky-es'te-ine. An albuminoid substance 
discovered floating as a pellicle on the urine of 
pregnant women; cyestein; kiestein: formerly con¬ 
sidered valuable in diagnosis of pregnancy, 
kyl-lo'sis. =Cyllosis. 

ky'mo-graph, ky-mo-graph'i on. A rotating drum 
carrying a paper on which a tracing device makes 
a graphic record of pulse=waves, respiration, 
muscular contraction, etc. fky'mo-gram. 
ky-mo-rhe'o-nome. An apparatus for the produc¬ 
tion of a wave*like, oscillating galvanic current, 
ky'mo-scope. An apparatus for observing the 
blood*current. [< Kv/na wave -f gkotteIv to view.] 
kyn-u-ren'ic acid. =Cynurenic acid. 
kypho-scol-i-o'sis. Kyphosis and scoliosis com¬ 
bined. tky*pho-scol-i-ot'ic. 
ky-pho'sis. A backward convexity of the spinal 
column; hump*back, whether angular or not. tky- 
phot'ic, as K. pelvis, a pelvis in which there is pos¬ 
terior curvature of the lumbar spine with increase 
of the conjugate of the inlet and decrease of the 
transverse diameter of the outlet, 
ky'rines. Basic substances obtained by hydrolysis of 
certain proteids, as glutokyrine, caseinokyrine, etc. 
ky-ro-pro-te'ic acids. Certain acids derived from 
proteids, which give the biuret reaction, 
kys-thi'tis. =Vaginitis. [< /c/.>(T6/of vagina.] fkys- 
thop-to'sis, kys-thop-rop-to'sis, vaginal prolapse, 
kys-tom'e-ter. =Cystometer. 
kys'to-tome. =Cystotome. 
ky-thas-mol'y-sis. : =?=Cyth.emolysis. 
kyto-. = Cyto-. 



485 


LABOR 


7i 


L 


Symbol for waveslength. 

L°. Abbr. for limit. The amount of toxin exactly 
neutralized by one immunity unit of antitoxin. 
L. Abbr. for Latin; left; light sense; lithium (also 
Li ); litre; lumbar; symbol for coefficient of induc¬ 
tion. In Roman numerals L = 50; L = 50,000. 
L+. The amount of toxin that neutralizes one 
imit of antitoxin plus the amount required to 
kill a guinea=pig weighing 250 Gm. in 4 days. 
L.D. Abbr. for light difference. 

L.D.A. Abbr. for left dorso^ anterior position of the 
foetus. 

L.D.P. Abbr. for left dorsoposterior position of the 
foetus. 

L.E. Abbr. for left eye; O. S. ^O. D. 

L.F.A. Abbr. for left fronto^anierior position of the 
foetus. 

L.F.P. Abbr. for left frontoposterior position of the 
foetus. 

L.M. Licentiate in medicine or midwifery. 

L.M.A. Abbr. for Left mento==anterior position of the 
foetus. 

L.M.P. Abbr. for left mentoposterior position of the 
foetus. 

L.O.A. Abbr. for left occipito^anterior position of the 
foetus. 

L.O.P. Abbr. for left occipiloposterior position of the 
foetus. 

L.S.A. Abbr. for left sacro^anterior position of the 
foetus. 

L.S.P. Abbr. for left sacroposterior position of the 
foetus. 

La. The chemical symbol for lanthanum. 
la grippe. = Influenza. [F.] 

Lab. =Rennin; rennet. [Ger.] 
la-ba'rium. Looseness of the teeth, Pyorrhcea. 

Labarraque’s solution (la-ba-racs). = Liquor 

soD^ chlorinate*. 

Labbe’s vein (la-bez). The posterior anastomosing 
vein of the cerebral cortex, passing from the mid¬ 
dle cerebral vein to the lateral sinus, 
lab'da-num. = Ladanum. 
la'bel. A tag naming or describing an article, 
la'bi a. The plural of labium. 
la'bi al. i. Pertaining to the labia or lips. L. 
artery, inferior, a branch of the facial artery to 
the lower lip. L. bone= intermaxillary bone. 
L. fraenum = frenulum labii. L. furrow or 
line, one of Jadelot’s lines, running from the 
angle of the mouth outward toward the lower 
part of the face: said to indicate lung disease in 
infants. L. glands = glandulae labiales*. 
L. nerve = MENTAL NERVE. L. nerves, superior, 
branches of the superior maxillary nerve to the 
skin and mucous membrane of the upper lip and 
the skin of the fore part of the cheek. L. paral¬ 
ysis, a form of bulbar paral^'^sis affecting particu¬ 
larly the lips. L. vein, inferior, a branch of the 
facial vein from the lower lip. L. vein, superior, 
a branch of the facial vein from the upper lip. 
2. In dentistry, the outer surface of an artificial 
denture, from one cuspid’s distal surface to 
another’s, in either jaw. 3. A letter sounded by 
the lips, as m, p. [ < L. lahia'lis.] fi^'bi-al-ly. 
la-bi-a'lis. = Orbicularis oris. 


la'bi-al-ism. The tendency to use labial or dento- 
labial sounds in the place of the proper sounds, 
lab-i-dom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring a 
child’s head in the pelvis by means of the 
obstetric forceps. 

lab'ile. i. Gliding or slipping, as over a surface. 
L. application, application of electricity (L. cur¬ 
rent) to the body by passing the electrode over 
the surface. 2. Deciduous. tl3.-bil'i-ty. 
la-bim'e-ter. = Labidometer. 
la'bi 0-. Relating to the lips; cheilo- : a combin¬ 
ing form. [ < L. la’bium lip.] la'bi o=al-ve'o-lar, 
relating to the lips and the teeth.— la'bi o-cho-re'a, 
choreiform movements of the lips causing stam¬ 
mering. fla'bi o-cho-re'ic, as L. stuttering. — 
la'bi o-den'tal, pertaining to the lips and the 
teeth. — la'bi o-glos'sal, -glos'so-la-ryn'ge al, or 
-glos'so-pha-ryn'geal paralysis = bulbar paral¬ 
ysis.— la'bi o-graph, an apparatus which records 
the movements of the lips in speaking.— la'bi o- 
man-cy, lip-reading.— la'bi o-men'tal, relating to 
lip and chin.— la'bi o-my-co'sis, a mycosis of the 
lip.— la'bi o-na'sal, relating to lip and nose.— 
la'bi o-pal'a-tine, relating to lip and palate.—* 
la'bi o-plas-ty = cheiloplasty. o-plas'tic. 

— la'bi o-te-nac'u-lum, a tenaculum for the lip. 
la'bis. A spoon; a forceps. [ < Tiajdig a spoon.] 
la'bi-tome. = Cephalotome. 

la'bium, pi. la'bia. The lip; a lipslike structure. 
L. ante'rius*, the anterior lip of the external 
orifice of the uterus. La'bia cer'ebri, the lower 
borders of the gyri fornicati. L. du'plex, a lon¬ 
gitudinal folding of the mucous membrane of the 
lip, usually the upper. La'bia exter'na = labia 
MA joRA. La'bia inter'na= labia minora. L. 
lepori'num = HARELIP. La'bia majo'ra, the folds 
of integument containing adipose tissue and cov¬ 
ered with hair which form each side of the vulva; 
labia externa; labia majora pudendi*-. La'bia 
mino'ra, the folds of delicate skin inside of 
the labia majora; nymphae; labia interna; labia 
minora pudendi*. La'bia o'ris*, the lips of the 
mouth. L. poste'rius*, the posterior lip of the 
external orifice of the uterus. La'bia puden'di, 
either the labia majora or the labia minora. 
L. tympan'icum*, the edge of the sulcus spiralis 
adjoining the scala tympani in the ear. La'biae 
ure'thrae, the lateral margins of the external 
urinary meatus. L. vestibula're*, the overhang¬ 
ing portion of the lamina spiralis which forms 
the upper part of the sulcus spiralis. [L., “ lip,” 
akin to ?.dTrreiv to lap with the tongue.] 
la'bor. The process by which the foetus is sepa¬ 
rated from the mother; parturition; childbirth. 
US' Presentation. Varieties of labor are Arti¬ 
ficial, Atonic, Breech, Complicated, Difficult 
(= dystocia). Dry, False, Footling, Ind.uced, 
Instrumental, Metastatic, Missed, Morbid (= 
dystocia). Multiple or multiparous (t^ multiple 
pregnancy). Obstructed, Perverse, Precipi¬ 
tate, Premature, Protracted, Spontaneous, 
Tedious, and Twin-. L.schair, a chair for the 
mother to sit on during childbirth. L.spains, 
the pains which accompany labor; the throes of 
childbirth. L.sshow = show, def. i. [L.] 


LABORATORY 


486 


LACHRYMAL 


lab'or-a-to-ry. A workshop fitted for experimental, 
scientific investigation or for demonstrations. 
Laborde’s method (la-b6rdz). A method of resusci¬ 
tation in asphyxia, in which the tongue is alter¬ 
nately drawn forward and allowed to fall back. 
L.’s sign, a test for the determination of death, 
consisting in plunging into a muscle steel needles, 
which will be oxidized if life is not extinct, 
lab'or-din. =Analgen. 

la'bored respiration. Respiration when muscles not 
usually so used assist inspiration. 

Laborie’s operation (la-b6-riz). An amputation of 
the foot resembling Chopart’s amputation. 
Lab'ra-dor tea. = Ledum latifolium. 
la'brum. A lip; a lip=like structure. L. acetab'uli 
= COTYLOID LIGAMENT. L. glenoida'le*. I. = 
Cotyloid ligament. 2. The glenoid ligament 
of the shoulder*joint. L. peTvis, the pelvic brim, 
la-bur'num. Cyt'isus labur'num, which contains 
la-bur'nic acid, said to be a mixture of an organic 
and an inorganic acid, and la-bur'nine = cytisine. 



from Within, Above, and Behind. —i. Cochlear 
nerve. 2. Cochlear artery. 3. Facial nerve. 4. 
Sacculo-ampullar nerve. 5. Sacculus. 6. Superior 
ampulla. 7. Superior semicircular canal. 8. External 

ampulla. 9. Utriculus. 10. Sinus superior; common 
limb of the superior and the posterior semicircular 
canals, ii. External (horizontal) semicircular canal. 
12. Posterior semicircular canal. 13. Posterior am¬ 
pulla. 14. Cul-de-sac of the vestibule. 15. Nerve of 
the posterior ampulla. 16. Aquaeductus vestibuli. 
17. Canalis reuniens of Hansen. 18. Lamina spiralis 
of the basal whorl. 19. Cut surface of the ligamentum 
spirale. 20. Cut surface of the under wall of the scala 
tympani. (After Siebenmann. X about 2^.) 

lab'y-rinth. i. A system of intercommimicating 
canals or cavities. L. of the ethmoid or ethmoi¬ 
dal 1., either of the lateral masses of the ethmoid; 
olfactory 1 . ; labyrinthus ethmoidalis*. L. of the 
kidney or cortical 1., the complex arrangement of 
the uriniferous tubules in the cortex between the 
medullary rays. Ludwig’s 1 ., the interspaces 
between the cortical arches and Bertin’s columns. 
Olfactory 1 . = L. of the ethmoid. 2. Either the 
membranous or the osseous labyrinth of the ear; 
internal ear. Membranous 1 ., the membranous 
contents of the osseous labyrinth, consisting of the 
utricle, saccule, the three membranous semicircu¬ 
lar canals, and the scala media; labyrinthus mem- 
branaceus*. Osseous or bony 1 ., a collective term 
for the osseous cochlea, semicircular canals, vesti¬ 
bule, and internal auditory canal; labyrinthus 
osseus*. [< XajSvpivdog.] flab-y-rin'thi-form, 
shaped like a labyrinth, lab-y-rin'thine, lab-y- 
rin'thal, lab-y-rin'thic, as L. symptom, a symptom 
due to disease of the internal ear, and L. vertigo 
— Meniere’s disease, lab-y-rin-thi'tis = otitis 
interna. 


lab-y-rin'thus. = Labyrinth. [L.] 
lac, pi. lac'ta. i. Milk or a substance resembling 
milk. L. asini'num, the milk of asses: used in 
tuberculosis. L. cani'num, a homoeopathic prep¬ 
aration of dogs’ milk. L. deflora'tum, skimmed 
milk. L. fermenta'tum, the N. F. name for 
koumiss or fermented milk, a preparation made 
by dissolving i oz. of sugar in 32 fl. ozs. of cows’ 
milk, adding 60 mins, of yeast, and keeping in a 
securely corked bottle for six hours. L. humani- 
za'tum, the N. F. name for a mixture of fresh 
cows’ milk with cream, milk sugar, water, sodium 
bicarbonate, and pancreatin; peptonized and 
sterilized by heat. L. sul'phuris = sulphur 
PR^ciPiTATUM*. 2. A resinous, gummy incrusta¬ 
tion on a number of tropical and semitropical 
trees, caused by an insect (Coc'cus lac'tis), and 
used for making varnish; lacca; shellac. L.sdye, 
coloring matter from lac. 

lac'cic acid. A brownish, crystalline substance, 
CjgHijOg, from lac=dye. 

lac'cin. A brown, amorphous substance from lac. 
lace suture. A suture of fine stitches surrounding 
a woimd, or especially a fistula, 
lac-e-ra'tion. The act of tearing; a rent or tom place 
in any tissue; cut; a wound made by tearing. 
[< L. /ac^ra're to tear.] flac'e-rate. lac'e-rated, 
as L. foramen, a term applied indifferently to the 
foramen lacemm anterius, the foramen lacerum 
medius, or the foramen lacerum posterius: and L. 
wound, a wound in which the tissues are torn or 
ripped. lac'e-ra-tive, effecting laceration, lac'- 
e-ra-tor, a surgical instmment for laceration. 
Lacer'da’s zoospore. ts~ Zoospore. 

Lacer'ta ag'ilis. The lizard. [L.] 
la-cer'tus. A band of muscular or fibrous tissue. 
L. cor'dis, the muscular bands of the heart. L. 
fibro'sus*, the band of aponeurosis extending 
from the biceps tendon to the fascia of the fore¬ 
arm. [L.] 

lach'e-sis. A homoeopathic preparation of the 
venom of L. mu'tus, a South American snake. 
Lachnan'thes tincto'ria. A species of haemodora- 
ceous plants furnishing a root with alterative and 
expectorant properties. Dose of tincture, 0.6 
Cc. (10 mins.). 

lach'ry-ma, lac'ry-ma, lac'ri-ma*, pi -nice. A tear; 
a tear*shaped body. [L.] 

lach'ry-mal, lac'ry-mal, lac'ri-mal. Relating to the 
tears or their secretion, or to the lachrymal pas¬ 
sages. L. artery, a branch of the ophthalmic 
artery to the lachrymal gland; A. lacrimalis*. L. 
bone, the os unguis, a thin, scaleslike bone at 
the inner angle of the orbit which articulates 
with the superior maxillary, ethmoid, and frontal 
bones; os lacrimale*. L. canals = canaliculi 
LACHRYMALES. L. CarUnclc = CARUNCULA LAC¬ 
RIMALIS*. L. crest == CRISTA lachrymalis. L. 
duct = NASAL duct. L. fistula, a fistula opening 
into any of the lachrymal passages. L. fossa, a 
depression at the outer angle of the orbital plate 
of the frontal bone which contains the lachrymal 
gland; canalis nasolacrimalis* . L. gland, the 
compound racemose gland situated in the lachry¬ 
mal fossa and secreting the tears, which are 
voided by about seven ducts emptying into the 
upper and outer quadrant of the conjunctiva, 
close to its reflection over the eyeball; glandula 
lacrimalis*. Accessory 1 . glands, a name given 
by Henle to the acinotubular glands found in 
the upper eyelid close to the ducts of the tear* 
gland. L. groove = L. fossa. L. hamulus = 


















LACHRYMALE 


487 


LACTO- 


HAMULAR PROCESS, dcf. 2, L. lake=LACUS LAC- 
RIMALIS*. L. lunula = LUNULA LACHRYMALIS. L. 
nerve, a branch of the ophthalmic nerve to the 
lachrymal gland and the upper 
eyelid; N. lacrimalis*. L. notch, 
a notch in the margin of the 
orbital surface of the superior 
maxillary bone which receives the 
lachrymal bone; incisura lacri- 
malis*. L. papilla, the slight em¬ 
inence in the centre of which are 
the lachrymal puncta; papilla 
lacrimalis*. L. passages, the lach¬ 
rymal puncta, canaliculi, sac, and 
duct collectively. L.point = DAC- 
RYON. L. probe, a slender probe 
for exploring the lachrymal can¬ 
aliculi and nasal duct. L. process, 
the anterior of the two processes 
on the upper border of the inferior 
turbinated bone; processus lacri¬ 
malis*. It articulates with the 
lachrymal bone and the superior 
maxilla. L. punctum = PUNCTUM 
LACRiMALE*. L. reflex, an in¬ 
creased secretion of tears follow¬ 
ing irritation of the nasal mucous membrane. 
L. sac = SACCUS lacrimalis*. L. stream = rivus 
LACRIMALIS*. L. Style, a wire worn in the lachry¬ 
mal duct in treatment for its obstruction. L. 
sulcus, a groove in the lachrymal bone which 
lodges the lachrymal sac; sulcus lacrimalis*. 
L. tubercle = L. papilla. L. veins, branches of 
the palpebral and ophthalmic veins which return 
the blood from the lachrymal gland and eyelids. 
[ < L. lacrima'lis, fr. lac'rima tear.] 
lach-ry-ma'le. A lachrymal bone, 
lach-ry-ma'tion. The secretion or flow of tears, 
especially when excessive; weeping, 
lach'ry-min. =Dacryolin. 

lach'ry-mo-. Relating to tears; dacryo-: a com¬ 
bining form. [< L. lac'rima tear.] lach*ry-mos 
eth-moi'dal cells, the ethmoidal cells beneath the 
lachrymal bone. — lach-ry-mosna'sal duct = 
NASAL DUCT. — lach'ry-mo-tome, an instrument 
for cutting operations upon lachrymal tissues; 
lacrymotome. flach-ry-mot'o-my. 
la-cin'ia, pi. lacin'ias. A slash; a deep taper* 
pointed incision; a narrow lobe: in the plural, 
the fimbriae of the fallopian tube. [L.] fla-cin'- 
iate; la-cin'i-form; la-cin'i-o-late. 
lac'moid. A synthetic blue dye made from resorcin 
and sodium nitrite, which is turned red by acids: 
used as an indicator for titrating with ammonia 
as well as with strong acids and alkalies, but not 
suitable for weak acids, 
lac'mus. = Litmus. 

lac'ri-, lacTy-. For words beginning thus see words 
beginning lachry-. 

lac-tac'i-dase. The enzyme of yeast which con¬ 
verts sugar into lactic acid; lactolase. 
lac-tac-i-du'ri a. The presence of lactic acid in the 
urine. 

lac'ta-gogue. = Galactagogue. 
lac'ta-gol. A galactagogue prepared from the seeds 
of the cotton*plant. Dose, lo Gm. (3 dp.), 
lac-tal-bu'min. A proteid remaining in milk after 
the removal of the caseinogen and lactoglobulin 
by ammonium sulphate. 

lac-ta-lex'in. An alexin present in the milk after 
immunization, 
lac-tam'ic acid. =Alanin. 


lac-tam'ide. A crystalline substance, C3H7NO2, pro¬ 
duced by the action of ammonia on ethyl lactate, 
lac-tam'in. =Alanin. 
lac'tant. Sucking. [ < L. lacta're to suck.] 
lac'ta-rene. A kind of casein, a yellow powder, 
lac-ta'rium. Food prepared from milk; milk diet, 
lac'tase. A ferment which splits lactose into 
glucose and galactose. 

lac'tate. A combination of lactic acid and a base, 
lac'ta-ted food. A food containing milk or milk* 
sugar. 

lac-tat'ic. = Galactagogue. 

lac-ta'tion. The act or period of giving suck; the 
secretion of milk; the time or period of secreting 
milk. [< L. lacta're to suckle.] 
lac'teal, lac'tean. i. Resembling or relating to 
milk. L. calculus, a concretion of milk occurring 
in the mamma. L. cataract = fluid cataract. 
L. swelling, a swelling of the breast from the accu¬ 
mulation of milk. L. tumor, a tumor containing 
milk or chyle: galactocele. 2. A lymphatic vessel 
by which chyle is absorbed from the small intes¬ 
tine. L. SaC= RECEPTACULUM CHYLl. 
lac'te in. Condensed milk, 
lac'teous. = Lacteal, def. i. 
lac'ter-in. = Casein. 
lac-ter-o-se'rum. =Lactoserum. 
lac-tes'cence. A milky condition, fl^c-tes'cent. 
lac'tic. Pertaining to or derived from milk. L. 
acid, a monobasic acid, HC3H5O3, a syrupy liquid 
obtained from sour milk and a normal constitu¬ 
ent of gastric juice; acidum lacticum*. Metchni- 
koff believes it prevents putrefactive processes in 
the intestines and for this purpose Kefir or pure 
cultures of organisms which produce lactic acid 
are administered, Bulgarian bacillus. Four 
isomeric forms occur: ethylidene 1 . acid or fermen¬ 
tation 1 . acid, formed by lactic fermentation ; sar- 
colactic or paralactic acid; ethylene 1 . acid; and 
hydracrylic acid. Its 20% solution is used to re¬ 
move false membranes and in gonorrhoea. It is 
used in dyspepsia, diarrhoea, and the phosphatic 
diathesis. ^Acidum lacticum dilutum. L. 
fermentation, the fermentation of milk, the ac¬ 
tion of the Bacillus acidi lactici on lactose, 
lac'ti-ca. Typhoid fever. 

lac'tide. A white, volatile, crystalline substance, 
CgHgO^, obtained by heating lactic acid, 
lac-tif'e-rous. =Galactophorous. L. ducts = 
DUCTUS LACTiFERi*. L. glauds, the mammary 
glands. L. sinus = ampulla lactifera. L. 
swelling, distention of the mammary gland due 
to obstructed lactiferous ducts. [< lac milk-f 
fer're to bear.] 

lac-tif'ic. Affording, causing, or producing milk, 
lac'ti-fuge. Preventing milk secretion, 
lac-tig'e-nous. Producing or aiding in the pro¬ 
duction of milk. 

lac-tig'e-rous. = Galactophorous. 
lac-tim'id, lac-tim'ide. A colorless, crystalline sub¬ 
stance, C3H5NO, formed by heating lactamic 
acid in a stream of hydrochloric acid, 
lac'tin, lac'tine. =Saccharum lactis*. 
lac'ti-na-ted. Containing milk-sugar, 
lac-tiv'o-rous. Subsisting on milk, 
lac'to-. Relating to or denoting milk; galacto-: a 
combining form. [< L. lac milk.] lac-to-ba-cil'- 
lin, a trade name for a preparation of lactic*acid 
bacilli, Bulgarian bacillus, lac-to'bi-ose 
= galactose. — lac*to-bu-ty-rom'e-ter, an instru¬ 
ment for measuring the amount of cream in 
milk.— lac'to-cele = galactocele. — lac-to-co'- 




Cast of Nasal 
Duct. — c. 
Canaliculi. s. 
Lachrymal 
sac. d. Na- 
solachrymal 
duct. Natu¬ 
ral size. 
(Dwight.) 





LACTOSIN 


488 


LiEVO- 


nia, ultramicroscopic bodies, in lively molecular 
motion, in the plasma of all kinds of milk, except 
human milk. They are similar to the haemokonia 
in the blood.— lac'to-crit, an instrument for 
estimating fat in milk.— lac’to-den-sim'e-ter = 
LACTOMETER. — lac-to-glo'bin, a globin found 
in colostrum.— lac-to-glob'u-lin, a proteid found 
in minute quantities in cows’ milk, is" Lactal- 
BUMiN. — lac-to-glu'cose, a derivative of milk* 
sugar, probably identical with glucose.— lac'to- 
krit = LACTOCRIT. — lac'tol, lac-to-naph'thol, a 
lactic acid ester of betanaphthol: an intestinal 
disinfectant.— lac'to-lase = lactacidase. — lac'- 
to-lin, condensed milk.— lac-tom'e-ter, a hy¬ 
drometer for determining the specific gravity of 
milk.— lac'tone. i. A monomolecular anhy¬ 
dride of an organic hydroxy*acid, as y^butyro- 


lactone, the lactone of y^oxy- 

, ^ . . , .CHXH2CH.3. . ^ , 

butyric acid, COOH^' ^ name 


—4 



for tablets containing lactic acid bacteria: used in 
preparing buttermilk.— lac-ton'ic acid, a crystal¬ 
line substance, CgHjgO^, formed by 
oxidizing lactose or galactose; galac- 
tonic acid.— lac-to-pep'sin, a prepara¬ 
tion used in dyspepsia: said to contain 
pancreatin, pepsin, and lactic and hy¬ 
drochloric acids.— lac-to-pep'tine, lac- 
to-pep'tone, a proprietary combination 
of lactic acid, pepsin, ptyalin, pancre¬ 
atin, etc.: used to promote digestion.— 
lac-to-phe'nin, a compound differing 
from phenacetin in that the acetic acid 
group is replaced by lactic acid: an 
antipyretic, analgesic, and somnifa¬ 
cient. Dose, 0.5 to I Gm. (7^ to 15 
grs.).— lac-to-phos'phate, a combina¬ 
tion of a base with lactic and phospho¬ 
ric acids.— lac-to-pro'te id, any proteid 
existing in milk.— lac-to'sa-zone, 
prism*like crystals melting at 200° C. 

— lac'to-scope, an optical instrument 

for estimating fat in milk from its opac¬ 
ity. - lac'tOSe= SACCHARUM LACTIS*. 

— lac-to-se'rum. i. Milk whey. 2. 
Bloodsserum of an animal into which 
milk of another species of animal has 
been injected: it precipitates the kind 
of milk used. ^ Biological test. 

lac'to-sin. A polysaccharid found in quillaja bark. 

lac-to-so'mat-ose. A proprietary milk and albu- 
mose preparation. ^ Somatose. 

lac-to-su'ri a. Lactose in urine, occurring specially 
in lyingsin women. 

lac-to-tox'in. A poisonous principle from milk. 
[< L. lac -f to^ikSv poison.] 

lac^tous. Milky, 

lac*to-va-ri'o-lous inoculation. Inoculation with a 
mixture of vaccine virus and milk. 

lac*to-veg-e-ta'ri an diet. A diet of milk and vege¬ 
tables: including butter, sugar, etc. 

Lactu^ca. A genus of composite herbs furnishing a 
milky juice; lettuce: many species have effects 
similar to L, viro'sa, the source of lactucarium. 

lac-tu-ca'ri um*. The concrete milk*juice of Lac- 
tu'ca viro'sa, a reddish*brown substance of a bit¬ 
ter taste and narcotic odor, feebly anodyne and 
narcotic. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). ^Tinctura 

LACTUCARII*. 

lac-tu'ce-rin. A crystalline fat or waxlike prin¬ 
ciple in lactucarium; lactucone. 


Lacto- 

SCOPE. 


lac-tu'ce-rol. A crystalline compound, CagHggOj, 
in lactucerin. 

lac-tu'cic acid. A bitter acid in lactucarium: 

probably an active principle, 
lac-tu'cin. A bitter crystalline derivative of lactu¬ 
carium. 

lac'tu-cism. Poisoning by lactucarium. 
lac-tu'col. A crystalline substance derived from 
lactucerin. 

lac-tu'cone. = Lactucerin. 
lac-tu'men. Porrigo larvalis; milk*scall. 
lac-tu-pic'ric acid, lac-tu-pic'rin. An acid, C44H32O2P 
derived from lactucarium. 
lac-tu-ram'ic acid. A substance, C4H8N2O3, derived 
from lactic acid and urea. 

lac'tyl. A derivative of lactic acid, C3H4O. t^ac- 
tyl-phen-et'i-dine. = L actoph en in. 
la-cu'na*, pi. -nee. A small cavity, defect, depres¬ 
sion, gap, or pit. i^Air l.; Howship’s l. L. 
cer'ebri, the infundibuhtm. L. of connective tissue, 
one of the cavities in connective tissue in which 
the lymphatics commence; lacunal spaces. L. 
mag'na, the orifice of one of the glands of Littre, 
of unusual size, on the upper surface of the fossa 
navicularis. L. morga'gnii, one of a number of 
small depressions in the mucous membrane of the 
urethra secreting mucus. L. musculo'rum*, a 
muscle gap, as of muscles of the lower extremity. 
L. musculo'sa, a depression on the outer side of 
the iliopectineal ligament for the passage of the 
iliopsoas muscle. L. os'sium, a minute space be¬ 
tween bone lamellae from which the canaliculi 
radiate. L. pharyn'gis, a depression in the phar¬ 
ynx at the opening of the eustachian tube. L. of 
the tongue = foramen caecum, def. 6. L. ure- 
thra'lis = L. MORG,\GNii. L. vasculo'sa, a depres¬ 
sion on the inner side of the iliopectineal liga¬ 
ment for the femoral vessels. L. vaso'rum, vessel 
gap, as of muscles of the lower extremity. [L.] 
tla-cu'nal; la-cu'nar. la-cu'nose. la-cu'nu-la, a 
small lacuna; one of the air spaces in white hair, 
la'cus. A lake. L. derivatio'nis, a venous space in 
the tentorium of the cerebellum communicating 
with the lateral and superior longitudinal sinus. 
L. lacrima'lis*, lachrymal lake, as of the lachrymal 
apparatus. L. sangui'neus, the uteroplacental 
sinus. 

lad'a-num. The inspissated and resinous juice of 
various species of Cistus. [< Ar/davov.] j-lad- 
a-nif'er-ous. 

lad'der pattern. The transverse position of several 
intestinal coils seen in visible peristalsis from 
intestinal obstruction at or just above the ileo- 
caecal valve. 

Lady Webster pills. =Pilul.e aloes et mas- 

TICHES*. 

lady’s slipper. =Cypripedium. 
lae'mos. The pharynx. [< flae'nio-pa- 

ral'y-sis, paralysis of the gullet, lae-mo-scir'rhus, 
cancel*of the throat. lae*mo-ste-no'sis, stricture 
of the throat. , 

Laen-nec’s cirrhosis. Atrophic cirrhosis of the liver. 
L.’s pearls, soft casts of the smaller bronchial tubes, 
expectorated in bronchial asthma. L.’s rdles, 
mucous rales heard in expiration and inspiration 
in emphysema. L.’s tubercles, miliary bodies 
found in tuberculosis, 
laeviga'tio. =Levigation. 
lae'vo-. Denoting the left: a combining form, 
Dextro-. [< L. Icb'vus left.] lae-vo-glu'cose = 
LEvuLosE. lae-vo-gy'rous, lae-vo-ro'ta-to-ry, ro¬ 
tating the ray of polarized light to the right, 


















LiEVULIR 


489 


LAMINA 


Dextrorotatory, lae-vo-men'thol, a laevogyrous 
oxidationsproduct of menthol, lae-vo-pi'nene, oil 
of turpentine obtained from Pi'nus marit'ima. 
lae*vo-tar-tar'ic acid, a modification of tartaric 
acid, crystalline in form, laevorotatory in aqueous 
solution, Dextrotartaric acid. 

Iffiv'u-lin, laev-u-lo'san, laev'u-lose, etc. ^Levu- 

LIN, LEVULOSAN, LEVULOSE, etC. 

La-fay-ette’s mixture. A gonorrhoea mixture, of 
copaiba, spirit of nitrous ether, and potassa in 
mucilage. 

La-fay’s bottle. A form of bottle for carrying 
specimens, easily rendered aseptic and having a 
mushroomslike stopper. 

Lafon’s reagent. Sulphoselenic acid, 
lag. A flask. [< L. lagce'na.] 

la-gae'na cochleae. The blind apex of the membra¬ 
nous cochlea; ccecum cupulare^. [L. lagce'na, jar.] 
la-gen'to-mum. = Harelip. 

lag'mi. A liquor made from the juice of the date» 
palm. 

lag-ne'sis. = Satyriasis. [ < lewd.] 

la-go-ceph'a-lous. Having a hare=like head, 
la-go-chei'lus. = Harelip. [< Tiayug hare -f- x^'^- 
Aof lip.] 

lag-oph-thal'mi a, lag-oph-thal'mos, lag-oph-thal'- 
mus. A condition in which the eyes cannot be 
closed. i®"Ablepharia; microblephary. [< 
'?.ayug hare + b(j)da?.fi 6 g eye.] fl^g^oph-thal'mic. 
La-go'ri a’s sign. The relaxation of the extensor 
muscles of the thigh: an indication of intracap- 
sular fracture of the femur, 
la-gos'to-ma. = Harelip. 
lag'stooth. A wisdom tooth. 

lai'ose. A substance, CgHjjOg, found in diabetic 
urine, reacting with Fehling’s solution but not in 
polarization; Leo’s sugar, 
la'i-ty. Those not of the medical profession, 

man; lay'wom-an. 

lakes^colored, laked, or laky blood. Blood having 
the haemoglobin of the corpuscles dissolved in 
the serum, which becomes a transparent, clear, 
rubysred color, Hemolysis. 
lak^moid. = Lacmoid. 
la-lan-go'la. = Trypanosomiasis. 
la'li a. Voice. [ < AaXelv to speak.] 
lal-la'tion, lall'ing. .Stammering so marked that 
the speech is unintelligible; reiteration of a 
single syllable or sound, as in idiots or infants. 

Dysarthria. [ < "kakelv to babble.] 
lal*o-neu-ro'sis. A nervous disorder of speech, 
la-lop'a-thy. A disorder of the speech, 
lal-o-pho'bi a. Disinclination to speech, caused by 
stammering. ^Alali.\. 

lal-o-ple'gi a. Lack of speech from peripheral 
causes. [ < AaAeZv to speak -I- ix'ktjyi] stroke.] 
La-lou-ette’s pyramid. ^Thyroid gland. 
lambda. The point of union of the lambdoidal 
and sagittal sutures. [The Greek letter A.] 
lamb'da-cism. i. =Lallation. 2. Inability to 
pronounce the letter /, and the defective pronun¬ 
ciation resulting. Rhotacism. 
lamb'doid, lamb-doi'dal. Shaped like the Greek 
letter A. L. bone. i. A wormian bone in the 
lambdoid suture. 2. The hyoid bone. L. fissure. 
I. The occipital fissure. 2, A transverse depression 
on the occipital lobe of the foetus between the 
third and seventh months. L. suture, the occipi¬ 
toparietal suture, 
lamb'kill. = Kalmia latifolia. 

Lam'blia intestina'lis. =Cercomonas intestina- 
lis. 


lam'el. A medicated disk. 

la-meTla, pi. lamel'lcB. i. A thin leaf, plate, or scale, 
as of bone or other tissue. L. of the corium, one 
of the elevations of the corium beneath the nail. 
L. cribro'sa— lamina cribrosa. Homogeneous 1 ., 
a plate of bone without visible structure. Interme¬ 
diate or interstitial 1., one of the plates between 
the concentric layers of a bone. L. nasa'lis = 
LAMINA ASCENDENS. L. os'sium. One of the thin 
plates into which bone can be divided. L. pla'na 

= ORBITAL PLATE OF THE ETHMOID. 2. = DiSK, 

def. 2. Lamel'lae atropi'nae, atropine disks. La- 
meTlae cocai'nae = COCAINE DISKS. 3. A plateslike 
process of the embryo from which certain organs 
are formed. L. carno'sa = musclesplate. [L.] 
flam-el-lif'er-ous, bearing lamellae, la-mel'li- 
form, formed of or like small plates. 

lam'el-lar, lam'el-late, lam'el-la-ted. Composed of 
flat plates; having lamellae. L. cataract = zonu¬ 
lar CATARACT. L. desquamation, ^ DESQUAMA- 
TioN. L. sheath, the perineurium. 

lame^ness. A defective state of limb or body im¬ 
pairing motion. 

lam'i-na*, pi. lam'incB. A thin plate; a germinal 
layer. Lam'inae arcua'tae. i. White fibres uniting 
adjacent cerebellar or cerebral convolutions. 
2. =Arciform FIBRES. L. ascen'dcns, the as¬ 
cending plate of the palatal bone. L. cacu'minis 
= FOLIUM CAcuMiNis. Laminae of the cerebel¬ 
lum, the plateslike offshoots, covered with gray 
matter, from the central white matter of the 
cerebellum. L. choroi'dea, the choroid plexus. 
L. cilia'ris, the ciliary zone or the zonule of Zinn. 
■L. cine'rea, a thin layer of gray matter which 
assists in forming the anterior boundary of the 
third ventricle. L. cine'rea convolu'ta = tu¬ 
ber ciNEREUM*. L. connec'tans, the posterior 
commissure of the brain. L. cor'nea, a thickened 
band of ependyma of the lateral ventricle, par¬ 
tially covering the taenia semicircularis; horny 
band of Tarinus; taenia tarini. L. cribro'sa. i. 
Any perforated lamina. 2. The anterior perfo¬ 
rated space. 3. A perforated fascia filling in the 
saphenous opening. 4. The sieveslike portion of 
the sclera through which the optic nerve fila¬ 
ments pass. 5. The cribriform plate of the eth¬ 
moid bone. L. denta'ta = fascia dentata. L. 
denticula'ta, the irregular row of tubercles on the 
top of the spiral crest of the cochlea of the ear. 
L. dorsa'lis = dorsal plate. L. elas'tica ante'- 
rior [Bowma'ni]* = Bowman’s lamella. L. 
elas'tica poste'rior [Demour'si, Desceme'ti]* = 
Descemet’s membrane. L. fus'ca, the innermost 
layer of the sclerotic coat of the eyeball, contain¬ 
ing pigmentscalls and lymphsspaces. The ciliary 
nerves lie within the grooves of this connective* 
tissue membrane. Lam'inae len'tis, the layers of 
which the lens of the eye is made up. L. medul- 
la'ris thal'ami, a layer of white nervesfibres 
within the optic thalamus which divide its sub¬ 
stance into the internal and external nuclei; 
internal medullary lamina. L. medulla'ris trans- 
ver'sa, the layer of gray matter covering the 
sylvian aqueduct. L. modi'oli = L. spiralis 
ossEA. L. papyra'cea* or L. orbita'lis = orbital 
PLATE OF THE ETHMOID. L. petfora'ta poste'rior 
= PONS TARINI. L. perpendicula'ris = nasal 
PLATE. L. pro'pria, the middle or connective* 
tissue layer of the tympanic membrane. L. 
quadrigem'ina*, the layer of gray matter which 
forms the roof of the aqueduct of Sylvius. L. 
reticula'ris = membrana reticularis. L. spira/- 


LAMINAGE 


490 


LANGIER’S APPARATUS 


lis membrana'cea, a membrane extending be¬ 
tween the free edge of the lamina spiralis ossea 
and the ligamentum spirale. L. spiraTis os'sea, 
the thin osseous shelf which projects from the 
modiolus along the middle of the cochlear canal, 
imperfectly dividing it into two passages; zonula 
ossea; septum osseum cochleae. L. suprachoroi'- 
dea*, the external layer of loose pigmented tissue 
of the choroid of the eye. L. of the sylvian fossa 
= EXTREME CAPSULE. L. tCCto'ria = CORTl’S 
MEMBRANE. L. tcrmina'lis* = L. cinerea. L. 
triangula'ris, the posterior part of the ala major 
of the sphenoid bone. L. vasculo'sa retinae = 

ENTORETINA. L. Vertebra'liS = VERTEBRAL LAM¬ 
INA. L. vit'rea. i. The vitreous table of the 
skull. 2. A membrane covering the inner surface 
of the choroid and in contact with the pigmentary 
layer of the retina; Bruch’s membrane; mem- 
brana vitrea; vitreous membrane; glassy layer. 
[L.] tl3^m'i-nar, composed of Idminae, as L. 

a/?/a 5 ia= UNILATERAL ATROPHY OF THE FACE: 

and L. tissue, connective tissue, lam'i-na-ted, 
consisting of or arranged in thin plates or laminae, 
as L. calculus, one made up of layers: L. clot, a 
clot formed of layers filling the cavity of an 
aneurism: L. epithelium = st’ra.tivits.T) epitheli¬ 
um: and L. tubercle— tiovtxji.'B of the cerebel¬ 
lum. lam-i-na'tion. i. Conversion into laminae. 
2. Embryotomy in which the skull is cut into 
slices, lam-i-nec'to-my, excision of the lamina of 
a vertebra, la-min'i-form. lam-i-ni'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of the laminae of a horse’s foot; founder, 
laminage (Id-mi-ndzh). Compression of the fetal 
skull into a flat plate. [F.] 

LaminaTia. A genus of marine algae, many 
species of which are sources of iodine. From L. 
clousto'ni and L. con'ica or digita'ia sea^tangle 
tents (L. tents) and bougies are made, 
la'mine. An alkaloid said to exist in La'mfwma/'tMw. 
La^mium. A genus of labiate plants, several species 
of which have been used in medicine, L. aVhum 
especially, which is credited with astringent and 
haemostatic properties, 
lam'nar. Flat, broad, and short, 
lam-nec'to-my. = Laminectomy. 

La-motte’s drops. = Tinctura ferri chloridi 
^therea. 

lamp. An instrument used for producing light. 
Gs- Endoscope. Exploring 1., an electric lamp for 
exploring cavities. Finsen 1., ^ actinotherapy. 
Laryngoscopic 1., one used in illuminating the 
throat. Mignon 1., a small electric lamp for illu¬ 
minating cavities. Spirit 1., one burning alcohol, 
lam'pas, lam'pers. Inflammation of the fleshy bars 
in the roof of a horse’s mouth, 
lamp-black. Finely divided carbon obtained by 
the combustion of petroleum, rosin, etc. 
lam-pic acid. A volatile substance, C^HjjOg, having 
strong reducing powers, and said to be formed 
by the slow combustion of alcohol or ether; 
acetylous acid; aldehydic acid, 
lam-pro-pho-ni a. A clear, distinct condition of the 
voice. [ < Gr. ^^afiirpdg bright -t- voice.] 
lam-pro-tom-e-ter. An apparatus for measuring 
artificial or natural light. [< Gr. ?M/inrp 6 g bright 
-h fiirpov measure.] 

la-na phUosoph-ica. == Zinc oxide. [L., " philoso¬ 
pher’s wool.”] 

Lan'cas-ter blacksdrop. A preparation made with 
yeast, and somewhat similar to the acetum opii*. 
lance, i. = Lancet. 2. To incise. 

Lan-ce>reaux’s nephritis, Nephritis. 



Lancets. 


lan'cet. A two*edged cutting instrument used for 
opening abscesses, incising swollen gums, and 
similar purposes. L. fluke == Dicroccelium lan- 
CEOLATUM. L. trocar, er trocar. 

lan-ci-na-ting pains. Severe pains of 
a tearing and darting character. 

Lancisi’s nerves (Idn-tshi-ziz). Lon¬ 
gitudinal white stri® on the upper 
surface of the corpus callosum on 
either side of the anteroposterior 
median line; mesial longitudinal 
stri®. L.’s sign, very feeble beat¬ 
ing of the heart indicated by 
palpitation in grave myocarditis. 

Lan-der-er’s theory. A theory of 
inflammation which supposes that 
the tension of the tissues is lowered, thus 
allowing of distention of the capillaries 
and subsequent stasis. 

land-mark. Any superficial mark which' 
serves as a guide to deeper*seated or 
imderlying parts. 

Lan-dol-fi’s caustic. A compound of the 

chlorides of antimony, zinc, bromine, and gold. 

Lan-dolt’s method. A method of determining in¬ 
sufficiency of the internal recti, which consists in 
approaching to the eyes a lamp having an opaque 
chimney with a transparent vertical slit, until a 
double image of the slit becomes visible. L.’s 
operation, the formation of a lower eyelid from 
material transplanted from the upper lid. 

Lan-dou’s sign. Inability to grasp the uterus bi- 
manually in the presence of slight ascites: an in¬ 
dication in diagnosing malignant disease. 

LandouzysDejerine atrophy (laii-du-zi=de-zhf-rin). 
Atrophy of the muscles of the face and of those of 
the scapulohumeral region, due to degeneration 
of motor nuclei of the spinal cord: often genital. 

Lan-dry’s disease or paralysis. An ascending flac¬ 
cid paralysis, beginning in the legs, extending to 
the trunk and anus, and finally involving the re¬ 
spiratory muscles; acute ascending paralysis. 
The origin is obscure; sensation and electrical 
reactions are normal. 

land-sscurvy. = Purpura h^emorrhagica. 

Land-zert’s angle. The angle between the plane of 
the basilar groove and the horizontal of the 
jugum sphenoidale. L.’s fossa, the paraduodenal 
fossa. 

Lane’s kink of the ileum. Traction on the ileum 
near the ileoc®cal valve by a retracted mesentery, 
causing constipation by the V*shaped bend in the 
bowel: operable. 

Lang-en-beck’s amputation. Oneinw^hich the flaps 
are cut from without inward. L.’s rhinoplasty, 
rhinoplasty. 

Lang-er-hans’s cells. Modified epithelial cells serv¬ 
ing as specialized endings of nerves. L.’s layer, 
the stratum granulosum of the epidermis. 

Lange’s method or operation (lang'ez). = White- 
head’s OPERATION. L.’s spaces, the polygonal 
spaces of the reticular corium of the skin, occu¬ 
pied by fat, sweat*glands, etc. 

Lang-hans’s layer or Zellschicht. The layer of dis¬ 
tinct epithelial cells beneath the chorionic syn¬ 
cytium: seen especially during the first half of 
pregnancy. (See illustration, next page.) 

Langier’s apparatus (ldh-zhi-6z). A splint made 
of brown paper and starch paste. L.’s bandage, 
a manystailed bandage of paper. L.’s hernia, 
a hernia through Gimbernat’s ligament. L.’s 
operation, an operation for stricture of the lach- 













LANGLEY’S BOLOMETER 


491 


LAPARO- 


rymal duct, consisting of perforation of the wall 
of the duct and the maxillary sinus to drain the 
tears into the antrum. 

LangTey’s bolometer. An 
instrument for demon¬ 
strating heat waves of 
great wave length. L.’s 
cells or ganglion = DEL- 
OMORPHOUS CELLS. 

Lang’s oil. =Gr.\y oil. 

L.’s solution, a mixture 
of sodium chloride, 0.75 
Gm.; mercury perchlo- 
ride, 12 Gm.; acetic acid, 

5 Gm.; and distilled 
water, 1000 Cc. 
lan'guage. The vocal 
sounds conveying 
thought. L. centre, the 
cortical centre producing 
language. 

lan'guor. A feeling of pros¬ 
tration: atonic debility, 
lang'wort. =Veratrum 

ALBUM. 

lan'i-chol, lan'i-ol. Wool= 
fat preparations resem¬ 
bling lanolin. 

lan-na'i-nol. A compound 
of iodine and cresol: a 
substitute for iodoform. 

Lan-ne-longue’s method. 

Injection of weak solu¬ 
tions of zinc chloride into tuberculous deposits. 
L.’s operation, certain forms of craniotomy, 
lan'o-form. An antiseptic preparation of lanolin 
and 1% of formaldehyde. 

lan'o-lin. A body consisting’ of cholesterin and 
fatty acids obtained from sheep’s wool: used as 
a basis for ointments, especially with equal parts 
of petrolatum, on account of its ready absorption 
and resistance to the growth of bacteria. [< L. 
la'na wool + o'leum oil.] 

Lanta^na. A genus of verbenaceous shrubs, of 
which L. hrasilien'sis and L. cam'mara are anti¬ 
pyretic and L. odora'ta diuretic and diaphoretic, 
lan'ta-nin. Fine granules often seen in the linin 
of a nucleus and staining with acid stains; oxy- 
chromatin. 

lan-ta'nine. An alkaloid obtained from Lanta'na 
brasilien'sis: said to be antiperiodic in 1-2 Gm. 
(15-30 gr.) doses. 

lan-ta-nu'ric acid. A gummy substance, C3H4N2O3, 
formed by the oxidation of uric acid. 
Lan'ter-mann’s incisures. = Incisures of Schmidt 

AND LaNTERMANN L.’S Segments = MEDULLARY 
SEGMENTS. 

lan'tem test. A test for colorsblindness, using 
colored glass in front of a light, 
lan'tha-nin. = Lantanin. 

lan'tha-num. A rare metallic element: atomic 
weight, 137.9; specific gravity, 6.1; symbol. La. 
lan'tho-pine. A white, crystalline alkaloid, C23- 
H25NO4, derived from opium, 
la-nu'gi-nous. Covered with down or lanugo, 
la-nu'go*. Soft hairs, wool, or down, especially the 
caducous, fuzzy hairs seen on new*bom infants, 
la'num. = Adeps lan.® hydrosus*. 
la-pac'tic. Purgative. [ < laTrdaaeiv to discharge.] 
lap'a-ra-cele. =Laparocele. 
lap-a-rec'to-my. == Enterectomy. 
lap'a-ro-. Pertaining to the side or loin: a combin¬ 


ing form. [< AaTtupa loin.] lap'a-ro-cele, lumbar 
hernia. — lap’a-ro-cho-le-cys-tot'o-my, incision of 
the galbbladder through an abdominal section.— 
lap’a-ro-cly'sis, intraperitoneal injection.. — lap*a- 
ro-co-lec'to-my =» colectomy. — lap’a-ro-co-los'- 
to-my, lap'a-ro-co-lot'o-my, abdominal colotomy. 

— lap’a-ro-col-pot'o-my == laparo*elytrotomy. 

— lap’a-ro-cys-tec'to-my, removal of a cyst 
through an abdominal incision.— lap*a-ro-cys-ti- 
dot'o-my, lap*a-ro-cys-tot'o-my. i. Suprapubic 
cystotomy. 2. Removal of the contents of a cyst 
through an abdominal incision, the sac being left.— 
lap’a-ro-cys-to-va-ri-o-hys-te-rot'o-my, removal 
of ovaries and uterus through the abdomen.— lap*- 
a-ro=el-y-trot'o-my, removal of a foetus by con¬ 
joined abdominal and vaginal incisions, the uterus 
being left intact.— lap*a-rosen-te-ros'to-my, the 
formation of an opening from the intestine through 
the abdominal wall.— lap’a-rosen-te-rot'o-my, in¬ 
cision into the intestine through the abdominal 
wall.— lap*a-ro-gas-tros'to-my, the formation of 
an opening into the stomach through the abdomi¬ 
nal wall.— lap’a-ro-gas-trot'o-my, incision into the 
stomach through the abdominal wall. — lap’a-ro- 
hep-a-tot'o-my, an incision into the liver through 
the abdominal wall.— lap'a-ro-hys-te-rec'to-my, 
removal of the uterus through an opening in the 
abdominal wall. — lap’a-ro-hys’te-ro50-4)ph-o-rec'- 
to-my, removal of the uterus and ovaries through 
an abdominal incision. — lap*a-ro-hys'te-ro-pexy, 
the fastening of a displaced uterus to the abdom¬ 
inal wall.— lap’a-ro-hys-te-rot'o-my, conjoined in¬ 
cision through the abdominal wall and into the 
uterus.— lap'a-ro=il-e-ot'o-my, the act of cutting 
into the ileum through the abdominal wall.— 
lap*a-ro-kel-y-phot'o-my, incision into the sac of 
an extrasuterine gestation through an abdom¬ 
inal incision.— lap*a-ro-kol-pot'o-my == laparo* 
ELYTROTOMY. — lap’a-ro-mon-o-did'y-mus, a twin 
monster, the abdomens of the twins being united. 

— lap’a-ro-my-i'tis, inflammation of the muscles 
of the abdominal wall. — lap‘a-ro-my-o-mec'to- 
my, lap*a-ro-my-ot'o-my, removal of a myoma 
by an abdominal incision. — lap*a-ro-ne-phrec'to- 
my, removal of a kidney through an abdominal 
incision. — lap*a-ro-ne-phrot'o-my, incision into 
a kidney through an abdominal incision. — lap’a- 
ro-sal-pin-gec'to-my, removal of the oviduct by 
abdominal section. — lap'a-ro-sal-pin*go=o-dph- 
o-rec'to-my, removal of oviducts and ovaries 
through an abdominal incision. — lap*a-ro-sal- 
pin-got'o-my, removal of or incision into the ovi¬ 
duct by abdominal section. — lap'a-ro-scope, an 
instrument for performing laparoscopy. 
ros'co-py, examination of the abdomen by the 
stethoscope, etc. — lap’a-ro-sple-nec'to-my, excis¬ 
ion of the spleen through an abdominal incision. 

— lap*a-ro-sple-not'o-my, a cutting into the 
spleen through the abdominal wall, in order to 
drain a cyst or an abscess. — lap'a-ro-tome, an 
instrument for cutting into the abdomen, t^^p- 
a-rot'o-mist, one who performs laparotomy, 
lap-a-rot'o-mize, to open the abdominal cavity 
by an incision through its wall, lap-a-rot'o-my, 
opening into the abdominal cavity through the 
flank; less correctly, abdominal section at any 
point. — lap*a-ro-ty-phlot'o-my, operation upon 
the caecum or the vermiform appendix. — lap’a- 
rosu-te-rot'o-my, an incision into the uterus 
through an abdominal section. — lap'a-ro-vag'i- 
nal, relating to the abdomen and the vagina. — 
lap-a-ro-zos'ter, herpes zoster of the abdomen. . 



Placenta Showing 
Langhans’s Layer. 





LAPARYSTEROTOMIA 


492 


LARYNGEAL 


lap-a-rys'te-ro-to'mi a. = Laparohysterotomy, 
lap'a-thin. Chrysophanic acid, 
lap'ides cancro'rum. =Cancrorum lapilm. 
lap-i-dil'lum. A scoop used in lithotomy, 
lap-il-la'tion. = Lithogenesis. 
lapil'li cancro'rum. — Cancrorum lapilli. 
lap-il'li-form. Resembling a group of pebbles, 
la'pis. A stone or stoneslike body. L. calamina'ris 
= CALAMINE. L. divi'nus, aluminated copper. L. 
imperia'lis, silver nitrate. L. inferna'lis, silver ni¬ 
trate ; also fused potassa. L. mitiga'tus = argen- 
Ti NiTRAS MiTiGATUS*. L. nau'ticus (sideri'tis) = 
MAGNET. L. ophthal'micus, aluminated copper, 
lap'pa. I. The genus Arc'tium. 2. The U. S. P.name 
for the dried root of Arc'tium lap'pa, or other 
species of Arc'tium, collected from plants of the 
first year’s growth. It is a diuretic and diapho¬ 
retic alterative. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). ^Fluid- 
EXTRACTUM LAPP^*. flap-pa'ce ous. 
lap-pa-con'i-tine. An alkaloid from Aconi'tum sep- 
tentriona'le resembling aconitine, 
lap'sus. A slipping, sliding, or falling; a ptosis, 
larch. =Larix. L. agaric = Polyporus offici¬ 
nalis. L. bark, the bark of Pi'nus la'rix. L. 

sugar = MELEZITOSE. 

Larcher’s sign (lar-shez). Gray or black discolora¬ 
tions of the conjunctivae: a sign of death, 
lard. =Adeps*. L. cerate = simple cerate. L. 

oil. I. = Oleum ADiPis*. 2. = Olein. 
lar-da'ce in. A proteid in amyloid degeneration, 
lar-da'ceous. Amyloid; resembling lard, L. de¬ 
generation = amyloid DEGENERATION. L. kidney, 
chronic nephritis with amyloid degeneration or 
infiltration ; amyloid kidney. L. polypus, a pol¬ 
ypus showing lardaceous degeneration. L. spleen 
= WAXY SPLEEN. [< L. lar'dum lard.] 
large. Not small nor of medium size; above the 
average size. L.scelled (L.scell) auditory nu¬ 
cleus = Deiters’s NUCLEUS. L.scelled nucleus 
= NUCLEUS .\MBiGUus*, L. intestine, intes¬ 
tine. L. mononuclear leucoc5des, large, non* 
granular leucocytes having a large, oval nucleus 
surrounded by a wide layer of protoplasm. They 
make up about 1% of the leucocytes of normal 
blood. L. mottled kidney, a kidney mottled with 
gray patches, seen in parenchymatous nephritis. 
L. pelvis, the false pelvis. L. pulse = full 
PULSE. L. red kidney, a kidney extravasated 
with blood, as in Bright’s disease. L. white kid¬ 
ney. I. A kidney affected with lardaceous de¬ 
generation. 2. A kidney in an advanced stage 
of chronic parenchymatous nephritis, 
lar'gin. A grayish powder, a compound of silver and 
protalbin, containing 11% of silver, soluble in 
water, glycerin, and pep¬ 
tones ; silver protalbin; 
silver protalbinate. It is 
used as a bactericide, espe¬ 
cially in gonorrhoea and 
gastrointestinal ulcers. 

Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 
lar'i-cin. =Amanitine. 
lar'icis cor'tex. The B. P. 
name for the bark of Pi'¬ 
nus la'rix. 

lar'i-noid. Lardaceous. [< 
lapivdg fat.] 

La'rix. The larches, a genus of coniferous trees. 
L. america'na, American larch, or tamarack, a 
native of the Northern United States and of 
British America, whose bark is diuretic. L. 
europaB'a = PiNus larix, 


lar'ix-in, lar-ix-in'ic acid. An acid, CjoH.^oOjp found 
in the bark of Pi'nus la'rix. 

lark’s'sclaw, lark'spur. = Delphinium. 

Larnaude’s antimephitic water (lar-nodz). A solu¬ 
tion of 23 parts zinc sulphate and 2 parts copper 
sulphate in 975 parts water. 

Lar'rea mexica'na. The creosote plant or bush, a 
species of zygophyllaceous evergreen shrubs, used 
as a styptic and in rheumatism. 

Larrey’s amputation or operation (la-rez). Ampu¬ 
tation at the shouldersjoint in which a longitu¬ 
dinal incision is 
made from above 
the acromion to 
a point about 
three inches be¬ 
low it, and ante¬ 
rior and posterior 
oblique incisions 
from the middle 
of the preceding 
to the anterior 
and posterior 
folds of the axilla, 
through which 
they are joined 
by a transverse 
cut after disartic¬ 
ulation. L.’s ban¬ 
dage, a many® 
tailed bandage whose edges are glued together. 
L.’s ligation, the ligation of the femoral artery 
just below Poupart’s ligament. L.’s spaces, spaces 
between parts of the diaphragm attached to the 
sternum and the parts attached to the ribs. 

Lartigue’s gout pills (I 4 r-tigz). Pills made of 96 grs. 
compound extract of colocynth, 10 grs. acetic ex¬ 
tract of colchicum, 5 grs. extract of digitalis: 
make into 24 pills. Dose, 2 pills. 

lar'va, pi. lar'vcE. The stage of an animal after the 
egg, when the form differs from the adult form, 
as a caterpillar; grub; maggot. When the eggs 
are laid in one of the cavities of the body, as the 
nose, the maggots when formed may cause the 
death of the one so affected. Some varieties of 
maggots burrow beneath the skin, forming the 
so-called L. migrans. i^Dermatobia noxiales; 
Macaco worms. [L., mask.] tlar'val, lar-va'- 
ceous, lar'vate, or lar'va-ted, masked, or resem¬ 
bling a mask; concealed, as a disease: L. appen¬ 
dicitis, an incipient or latent form of appendicitis, 
lar'vi-cide, an agent, such as coal oil, for destroy¬ 
ing insect larvae. 

la-ryn-gal'gi a. Pain in the larynx. [ < Tiapvy^ 
larynx + a'kyoq pain.] 

la-ryn'geal, la-ryn'gean. i. Belonging to the 
larynx. L. aperture = aditus laryngis*. Infe¬ 
rior 1. artery, a branch of the inferior thyroid artery 
to the posterior portion of the larynx. Superior 
1 . artery, a branch of the superior thyroid artery 
to the interior of the larynx. L. brush, a brush 
used in applying medicinal substances to the 
larynx. L. chorea == diaphragmatic chorea. 
L. cough, the hacking, paroxysmal cough in cer¬ 
tain hysterical persons. L. crisis, paroxysmal 
spasms of the larynx accompanying the early 
stages of tabes dorsalis. L. dilator, a bougie or 
instrument for dilating the larynx in cases of 
stricture. L. diphtheria, diphtheria affecting the 
mucous membrane of the larynx, t®-D iphthe¬ 
ria. L. epilepsy, a sense of suffocation occurring 
at night, regarded as a variety of masked 



Larix (Larch). 


/' 

/ 



Larrey’s Amputation. 



LARYNGECTOMY 


493 


LARYNGO- 


epilepsy. L. mirror = laryngoscopic mirror. 
Inferior 1. nerve, recurrent 1. nerve, a branch of the 
pneumogastric nerve at the root of the neck 
which ascends to the inferior margin of the cri¬ 
coid cartilage, where it enters the larynx to be 
distributed to its mucous membrane, below the 
rima glottidis, and intrinsic muscles except the 
cricothyroid. On the left side it winds around 
the arch of the aorta. Superior 1. nerve, a branch 
of the pneumogastric nerve to the inferior con¬ 
strictor of the pharynx and the mucous mem¬ 
brane of the larynx. L. nucleus, the inferior and 
inner part of the accessory division of the vago¬ 
glossopharyngeal nucleus, supposed to be the 
nucleus of origin of the laryngeal nerve-fibres. 
L. oedema, phlegmonous laryngitis, Laryn¬ 
gitis. L. paralysis, paralysis of one or more 
laryngeal muscles on either side: usually of 
peripheral origin. L. phthisis, tuberculosis of 
the larynx. L. pouch or sac, a blind sac^like 
appendage of the larynx. L. prominence = 
POMUM ADAMi. L. rale, a rale which originates 
in the larynx. i^Rale. L. reflex, a reflex 
cough produced by irritation of the larynx and 
fauces. L. respiration, the alternate widening and 
narrowing of the glottis during respiration. L. 
sinus, the ventricle of the larynx. L. tube, a 
tube used in intubation of the larynx. L. tuber¬ 
culosis, tubercular laryngitis. L. vein, a mediate 
or intermediate branch of the internal jugular 
which receives blood from the interior of the 
larynx, its branches perforating the thyrohyoid 
membrane. Inferior 1. vein, a branch of the in¬ 
ferior thyroid vein from the lower larynx. Su¬ 
perior 1. vein = L. VEIN. L. vertigo, a form of 
vertigo occurring independently or with a variety 
of neurotic affections in which there may be 
cough or other symptoms of laryngeal vertigo. 
2. A laryngeal nerve or artery. [<^/i.dpv}f.] 
lar-yn-gec'to-my. Removal of the larynx, 
lar-yn-gen'do-scope. A laryngoscopic endoscope, 
lar-yn-gis'mus. Spasm of the laryngeal muscles. L. 
strid'ulus. i. False or spasmodic croup, a disease 
of early childhood, especially among the rhachit- 
ic, characterized by sudden closure of the glottis 
and crowing inspiration. 2. Spasm of the glottis. 
[< Xapvyy'i^eii’ to vociferate.] tl3^J'"y^"gis'mal. 
lar-yn-gi'tis. Inflammation of the mucous mem¬ 
brane of the larynx. Croupous 1., croup. Dry 1., 
a variety in which the secretion is scanty and 
consistent. Follicular or glandular 1., a variety 
attacking the mucous glands. Hemorrhagic 1., 
a rare form of laryngitis in which there is free 
bleeding or hemorrhagic infiltration of the mu¬ 
cous membrane. Phlegmonous 1 ., a form of laryn¬ 
gitis marked by suppuration of the submucous tis¬ 
sue and by oedematous swelling of the larynx. It 
is usually fatal; laryngeal oedema. Pseudomem¬ 
branous 1., membranous croup. Syphilitic 1., a 
chronic form of laryngitis due to syphilis. Tu¬ 
bercular l.,a chronic form of laryngitis due to 
tuberculosis, and marked by ulceration involving 
and destroying the cartilages, flar-yn-git'ic. 
la-ryn'go-. Pertaining to the larynx: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< larynx.] lar-yn-goc'a-ce = 

croup. — la-ryn*go-ca-tarrh', a catarrh of the 
larynx.— la-ryn'go-cele, a hernia 'of the larynx. 

— la-ryn*go-cen-te'sis, incision into the larynx. 

— la-ryn-go-cri'sis, spasmodic laryngismus occur¬ 
ring in tabes dorsalis.— la-ryn-go-fis'sion, la- 
ryn-go-fis'sure, the surgical divisr *a of the thy¬ 
roid cartilage. — la-ryn'go-grapl „n instrument 


for recording graphically the motions of the 
larynx in uttering vocal sounds.— la-ryn-go-log'- 
i-cal, relating to laryngology or the larynx, f^ar- 
yn-gol'o-gy,that branch of medicine treating of the 
larynx and its diseases.— lar-yn-gom 'e-try, meas¬ 
urement of the larynx. — la-ryn*go-ne-cro'sis, 
necrosis of the larynx.— la-ryn‘go-pa-ral'y-sis, 
paralysis of the laryngeal muscles.— •lar-yn-gop'- 
a-thy, any laryngeal disease.— la-ryn-go-phan'- 
tom, a model of the larynx, used in practising 
with the laryngoscope.— la-ryn*go-pha-ryn'ge al, 
relating to the larynx and the pharynx, fla-ryn*- 
go-pha-ryn'ge-us, the inferior constrictor of the 
pharynx, la-ryn-go-phar'ynx, the portion of the 
pharynx below the greater cornua of the hyoid 
bone and the larynx.— lar-yn-goph'o-ny, lar-yn- 
goph'o-nism, the sound of the voice within the 
larynx, heard with the stethoscope, or a similar 
one heard over a large pulmonary cavity.— lar- 
yn-goph'thi-sis, laryngeal phthisis.— la-ryn'go- 
plas-ty, plastic surgery of the larynx.— la-ryn- 
go-ple'gi a = LARYNGOPARALYsis.— la-ryn*go-rhi- 
nol'o-gy, that branch of medicine treating of 
the throat and nose and their diseases.— la-ryn- 
gor-rha'gia, laryngeal hemorrhage.— la-ryn-gor- 
rhce'a, chronic catarrh of the larynx.— la-ryn*- 
go-scle-ro'ma, a scleroma of the larynx.— la- 
ryn'go-scope, an instrument for inspecting the 
larynx, invented by Manuel Garcia, of London, 
consisting of a concave head=mirror with an 
opening in its centre for reflecting light, and 
a small mirror, similar to a dental mirror, upon 
which a reversed image of the larynx can 
be obtained. The light is sometimes obtained 
from an electric lamp substituted for the head* 
mirror (electric 1.). fla-ryn-go-scop'ic, as L. 
mirror, the small circular mirror of the laryngo¬ 
scope, attached to a long handle; throat mirror. 


\t 



Diagram Showing the Principle of Laryngoscopy. 
(After Bosworth.) 


lar-yn-gos'co-pist. lar-yn-gos'co-py. — la-ryn'- 
go-spasm, laryngismus. — lar-yn-gos'ta-sis, spas¬ 
modic asthma.— la-ryn'go-ste-no'sis, narrowing 
of the cavity of the larynx.— lar-yn-gos'to-my, the 
formation of an opening into the larynx.— 
la-ryn-go-strob'o-scope, an instrument for obser¬ 
ving the vocal cords during action.— la-ryn-go- 
syr'inx, a laryngeal pipe; a laryngeal fistula.— 
la-ryn'go-tome, an instrument for performing lar- 
yngotomy. flar-yn-got'o-my, the operation of 
cutting into the larynx through the cricothyroid 
space. In Median /., or thyroiomy, the incision 
is made through the thyroid cartilage in the 
middle line, and in Subhyoid, Superior, or Thyrt, 
hyoid 1 . it is made through the thyrohyoid men/- 
brane.— la-ryn-go-tra'cheal, relating to the larynx 






















LARYWGYDROPS 


494 


LATERAL 


and the trachea, as L. stenosis .— la-ryn’go-tra- 
che-i'tis, inflammation of the larynx and the 
trachea.— la-ryn*go-tra-che-ot'o-my, incision into 
the lower part of the larynx and the upper part 
of the trachea.— la-ryn-go-ty'phoid, typhoid fever 
with laryngeal complications, la-ryn’go-xe-ro'sis, 
dryness of the throat, 
la-ryn'gy-drops. Phlegmonous laryngitis, 
lar'ynx. That portion of the air*passages be¬ 
tween the base of the tongue and the trachea. 
[ < Mpvy^.] 

las'a-num, A close-stool; a commode, 
las-civ'ious. Lewd; lustful. [<L. lasci'vus.] 
La-segue’s sign. The easy, painless flexion of the 
thigh upon the hip when the knee is bent; an in¬ 
dication of sciatica as distinguished from hip- 
joint disease. 

la'ser. i. A gum-resin obtained from northern 
Africa. 2. The resin from Laserpit'ium latifo'- 
Hunt, an umbelliferous plant of Europe, 
las'e-rol. A crystalline or amorphous substance, 
Cj^H 2204, having a hot, peppery taste, obtained 
from Laserpit'ium latifo'lium. 
las-er-pit'in. A crystalline bitter principle, CijHgj- 
O4. or C24H3g07, from Laserpit'ium. latifo'lium. 
lash. An eyelash. 

Las-sar’s mild resorcin paste. A paste of resorcin, 
zinc oxide, starch, and liquid petrolatum. L.’s 
naphthol paste, a paste of |i 3 -naphthol, precipi¬ 
tated sulphur, petrolatum, and soft soap. L.’s 
zinc«salicyl paste, a paste of white petrolatum, 
zinc oxide, starch, and salicylic acid: used in ery¬ 
thema, intertrigo, etc. 

Lat. dol. Abbr. of L. lat'eri dolen'ti, to the side 
that is painful. 

la'tah or la'ta. In Java and Malacca, an endemic 
nervous or hysterical condition, contagious by 
imitation, in which the will is in abeyance and 
the patient becomes passively obedient. 
Jumper; tic. [Javanese.] 
late rickets. Rickets of later childhood and ado¬ 
lescence: usually recrudescent. L. rigidity, 

INITIAL RIGIDITY. 

la'ten-cy. The state of being latent, 
la'tent. Concealed. L. ague == dumb ague. L. 
epilepsy = MASKED epilepsy. L. gout, a condi¬ 
tion attributed to the gouty diathesis, but not 
showing the typical symptoms of gout; masked 
gout. L. heat, the heat which bodies absorb, 
without increasing their temperature, during their 
conversion from the solid into the liquid (L. heat 
of fusion) or from the liquid into the gaseous (L. 
heat of evaporation) state. It is measured by the 
number of calories required to fuse or evaporate 
one gram of the substance; e.g., the latent heat 
of fusion of ice is 80, that of evaporation of 
water is 536. L. hypermetropia, t®- hypermetro- 
piA. L. menstruation, retained menses due to 
mechanical obstruction. L. period. i. The 
period of incubation of a disease. 2. The inter¬ 
val of time between the application of a stimu¬ 
lus to a part and the manifestation of the effect 
it produces. L. pleurisy, a pleurisy marked by 
only slight pain. L. squint = dynamic squint. 
L. tuberculosis, tuberculosis of lymphatic glands 
in which the deposit of bacilli is believed to have 
occurred before birth, having been derived from 
the mother. [< L. late're to lie hidden.] 
lat^e-rad. Toward one side. 

lat'e-ral. Belonging to the side; on one side of the 
median line; affecting or situated on one side. 
L. aberration, j^aberration. L. angle of the eye. 


the lesser canthus. L. aneurism, one which pro¬ 
jects through one side of an arterial wall, the 
remainder being intact. L. anterior malleolar 
artery, malleolar arteries. L. aspect, the 
aspect toward either the right or the left side. L. 
bursa of the gastrocnemius muscle, gastroc¬ 
nemius. L. cartilages, the four largest cartilages 
of the nose: the two upper are attached to the 
nasal bone, and the two lower border the nostrils 
and form the point of the nose. L.schain theory 
of Ehrlich, m- Ehrlich’s lateral-chain theory. 
L. columns (of the cord), a tract of white matter 
between the line of the roots of the anterior spinal 
nerves and that of the posterior nerves. L. cune- 
ate funiculus = Rolando’s funiculus. L. cur¬ 
vature of the spine, incurvature of the spine 
and SCOLIOSIS. L. cystotomy, a cystotomy in 
which the incision is made to the side of the peri¬ 
neal raphe. L. disk of Englemann = Hensen’s 
DISK. L. ethmoids, the lateral masses of the 
ethmoid bone. L. fissure, a variable fissure on 
the mesial surface of the frontal lobe. L. ganglia, 
several ganglia derived from the inferior cervical 
ganglion surrounding the subclavian artery. L. 
ginglymus = CYCLARTHROsis. L. groove, the outer 
one of the two grooves (the inner being the oculo¬ 
motor groove) which superficially mark off the 
tegmen from the crusta of the cerebral peduncles. 
L. groundsbundle, in ground-bundle. L. hemi¬ 
anopsia, tN HEMIANOPSIA. L. hcrmaphroditism, 
true hermaphroditism, in which there is a testicle 
on one side and an ovary on the other. L. horn 
= iNTERMEDioLATERAL TRACT. L. illumination, 
IN ILLUMINATION. L. lamina, the external ptery¬ 
goid plate of the sphenoid bone. L. ligament, 
peritoneal folds between the right and left lobes 
of the liver and the under surface of the dia¬ 
phragm. Internal 1. ligament, i. (Of the ankle.) 
A ligament between the internal malleolus and 
the astragalus, calcaneum, and scaphoid bone. 
2. {Of the carpus or wrist.) A ligament between 
the styloid process of the ulna and the pisiform 
and pyramidal bones. 3. {Of the elbow.) A liga¬ 
ment between the internal condyle of the hume¬ 
rus and the ulna. 4. {Of the temporomaxillary 
articulation, or jaw.) A ligament between the 
spinous process of the sphenoid bone and the 
inferior maxilla near the inferior dental foramen. 
5. {Of the knee.) A ligament between the inter¬ 
nal condyle of the femur and the internal con¬ 
dyle of the tibia and the interarticular fibrocar- 
tilage. L. lithotomy, lithotomy in which the 
incision is on one side, usually the left, of the 
raph6 of the perineum. L. lobes, portions of the 
prostate gland on each side of the urethra, or of 
the thyroid gland on each side of the trachea. 
L. mass. i. Either of the two thickened lateral 
portions of the atlas. 2. That portion of the eth¬ 
moid bone which is made up of the superior and 
inferior turbinals and the os planum; labyrinth of 
the ethmoid. L. neuroma = peripheral neuro¬ 
ma. L. nucleus = NUCLEUS lateralis. L. nys¬ 
tagmus, nystagmus in the horizontal meridian. 
L. odontoid ligament = check ligament, def. 2. 
L. olivary sulcus, in olivary sulcus. L. opera¬ 
tion = lateral LITHOTOMY. L. pharjmgotomy, 
IN pharyngotomy. L. placenta, a placenta at¬ 
tached to the lateral walls of the uterus. L. 
plates, the thickened portion of the mesoblast 
on each side of the notochord. L. pyramidal 
tract, (N pyramidal tract. L. recess, a triangu¬ 
lar cavity either side of the fourth ventricle. 


LATERALIS ABDOMINIS 


495 


LAVANDULA 


L. reticular formation, reticular formation. 
L. ridges, two ridges on the posterior part of the 
embryonic shield which become fused to form 
the primitive groove. Primary 1. sclerosis, scle¬ 
rosis of the lateral columns of the cord, causing 
paralysis, spasm of the muscles of the leg, and, 
subsequently, contractures. Secondary 1. sclerosis, 
sclerosis of the lateral columns consecutive to 
nervous diseases. L. sinuses, the sinuses which 
diverge from the internal occipital protuberance 
and cross the occipital, parietal, and temporal 
bones to unite with the inferior petrosal sinuses. 
L. stage, the period of incubation of an infectious 
disease. L. thrombus, a thrombus attached to the 
side of a vessel, incompletely obstructing it. L. 
tract of the medulla, a continuation of a lateral 
column of the cord into the medulla. Intermedi¬ 
ary 1. tract, the intermediolateral tract. L. tracts, 
the lateral columns of the spinal cord. L. ventri¬ 
cles, cavities, one in each half of the cerebrum, 
lined with ciliated epithelium, separated from each 
other by the septum lucidum, and communicating 
with the third ventricle and with each other by 
the foramen of Monro. L. vertigo, vertigo excited 
by rapidly passing a series of similar objects, 
latera'lis abdom'inis. A muscle arising between the 
two oblique muscles from the ninth or the tenth 
rib and inserted into the crest of the ilium; acces¬ 
sory abdominal oblique muscle, 
lat •er-al-i-za'tion. The location of a disease on one 
side of the body. 

lat'eri dolen'ti. To the painful side. [L.] 
lat'e-ri-rec'tus. The rectu% capitis lateralis muscle, 
lat-e-ri'tious. Resembling red bricksdust. [< L. 
la'ier brick.] 

lat'e-ri-ty-py. == Bilateral symmetry. 
lat'e-ro-. Pertaining to the side; lateral: a com¬ 
bining form. [ < L. la'ius side.] lat’e-rosab- 
dom'i-nal position, Sims’s position for vaginal 
examination.— lat’e-ro-flec'tion, lat-e-ro-flex'ion, 
flexion to one side.— lat*e-ro-po-si'tion, displace¬ 
ment laterally.— lat-e-ro-prone' position = Sims’s 
POSITION. — lat'e-ro-pul'sion, involimtary ten¬ 
dency to progress to one side.— lat'e-ro-ret-ro- 
ver'sion, retroversion with lateral deviation.— 
lat'e-ro-tor'sion, ii bending to one side. — lat*e- 
ro-ver'sion, version to one side, 
la'tex. The milky juice of certain plants. 
Lath'yrus. A genus of leguminous shrubs com¬ 
prising many species, some of which are culti¬ 
vated for their edible seeds, as Lath'yrus ci'cera, 
chick pea or gram. tlath'y-rism, lath-y-ris'- 
mus, chronic poisoning, with paraplegic symp¬ 
toms. occasionally resulting from eating the seeds 
of species of Lath'yrus. 

lat-i-capT-tate. Broad»headed. [< L.broad 
-I- ca'put head.] 

la-tis'si-mus. The broadest. L. colTi, the platys- 
ma myoides. L. dor'si, a broad muscle arising 
from the spinous processes of the lower six dor¬ 
sal vertebrae, the lumbar and sacral vertebrae, 
the vertebral aponeurosis, the crest of the ilium, 
and three or four lower ribs, and inserted into 
the bicipital groove of the humerus. [The su¬ 
perlative degree of L. la'tus broad.] 
la-trine'. A water»closet ; a privy connected with 
a camp, barrack, hospital, or asylum. [< L. 
latri'na.] 

Latrodec'tus. A genus of poisonous spiders hav¬ 
ing many species, some of which are said to be 
used as a homoeopathic remedy in angina, 
la'trol. A proprietary substitute for iodoform. 


Lat'ta’s serum. A serum for injection in infectious 
diseases, consisting of sodium chloride, 3 to 5 
Gm.; sodium carbonate, 1.7 Gm.; and water, 
3400 Cc. 

lat'tice=work (lat'ticed) layer. The formatio reticu¬ 
laris. 

la'tus, gen. lat'eris. = Side ; flank. [L.] 
lau'da-ble pus. Healthy pus, of a creamy appear¬ 
ance, thick and without odor, 
lau-dan'i-dine, lau'da-nine, lau-dan'o-eine, lau-dan'- 
o-sine. Crystalline alkaloids, obtainable from 
opium. 

lau'da-num. A tincture of opium, especially the 
official TINCTURA OPIl*. 

laugh, laugh'ter. An expression of mirth by inar¬ 
ticulate vocalization. Canine 1., Sardonic 1. = 
RISUS SARDONICUS. 
laugh'ingsgas. = Nitrous oxide. 

Laugier’s hernia ( 16 -zhi-ez). Femoral hernia 
through Gimbernat’s ligament. 

Lavimonier’s ganglion ( 16 -m 6 -ni-ez). The superior 
carotid ganglion. 

Lau'ra’s nucleus. The external auditory nucleus, 
lau'rate. A salt of lauric acid, 
lau'rel. =Laurus. American or mountain 1. = 
Kalmia latifolia. Camphor 1., ts- camphor. 
Cherrys!., cherry. L. oil, the oil obtained 
from the berries of Lau'rus no'bilis: used as a 
stimulant and stomachic tonic. L. water, aqua 
laurocerasi. 

Lau-rent’s polarimeter. A special form of saccha- 
rimeter. 

lau're-ol. Cocoanut oil treated with alcohol and 
animal charcoal, used as a food, 
lau'ric acid. A white, crystalline substance, CxaH 24 * 
O^, found in baybeiries and in the oil of pichurim 
beans; dodecoic acid; laurostearic acid, 
lau'rin. A crystalline and fatty principle, CjjHjqOj, 
derived from the berries of Lau'rus no'bilis and 
a number of other sources, 
lau'ri-nol. Camphor. 

lau-ro-cer'a-sus. =Prunus laurocerasus. 
lau'rone. A crystalline substance, C23H46O, formed 
by distilling barium laurate with lime. 
lau*ro-ste-ar'ic acid. = Lauric acid, 
ste'a-rin, an ether of lauric acid, 
one of the chief constituents of the expressed oil 
of bayberries. 

lau-ro-tet'a-nine. A crystalline alkaloid found in 
various laurineous plants. It is very poisonous, 
acting like strychnine. 

Lau'rus. A genus of lauraceous trees and shrubs. 
L. cam'phora = cinnamomum camphora. L. 
no'bilis, the true laurel, or sweet bay, from 
which is derived a volatile oil having stimulant 
and stomachic properties, 
lau'ryl. A univalent radical, CjgHog. 
lau'ryl-ene. A liquid substance, CJ.2H24, occurring 
in certain mineral oils. 

Lauth’s canal (lauts). =Schlemm’s canal. L.’s 
ligament, the transverse ligament of the atlas. 
L.’s violet = thionine. 

lavage (la-vazh). Washing out or irrigation (as of 
the stomach). L. of the blood, L. du sang, the 
intravenous injection of an artificial serum. [F.] 
lav-a-men'tum. A clyster; a lavement. [<L. la¬ 
va're to wash.] 

Lavan'dula. Lavender, a genus of labiate plants. 
L. spi'ca, spikeslavender: its oil (oil of spike) is 
stimulant and aromatic. L. ve'ra, true lavender, 
which has an agreeable odor and is slightly stim¬ 
ulant and carminative. 


LAVATER’S ANGLE 


496 


LEAPsFROG POSITION 


La-va-ter’s angle. The angle included between two 
lines drawn from the outer angle of the eye and 
the angle of the mouth to the tip of the nose, 
la-va'tion. = Lavage. 
lav'a-to-ry. A wash for a part; a lotion. 
Lavdowsky’s medium (laf-dov'sciz). A mounting 
medium consisting of 30 Gm. of gum sandarac 
dissolved in 50 Cc. of absolute alcohol, 
lave'ment. A clyster ; an enema. [F.] 
lav'en-der. = Lavandula. L. water, an alcoholic 
solution of oil of lavender and some other fra¬ 
grant bodies: used as a perfume and as a substi¬ 
tute for SPIRITUS L.WANDUL.'E*. 

Lavera'nia. A genus of animal parasites. L. ma- 
la'riae = Plasmodium malaria. 

Laveran’s bodies, corpuscles, crescents, or organ¬ 
isms (la-vrahz). = Plasmodium malari.e. 
La-ville’s gout mixture. A mixture of quinine sul¬ 
phate, 30 grs.; cinchonine sulphate, 22 grs.; ex¬ 
tract of colocy nth, 195 grs.; diluted alcohol, 3 fl. 
ozs.; and red wine, enough to make 16 fl. ozs. 
lav-i-pe'di-um. A bath for the feet; a pediluvium. 

law. A rule or principle by which anything is reg¬ 
ulated. For particular laws see the adjectives 
and proper names. Law of multiple proportions, 
the law that two chemical elements combine 
with each other in the same proportions (or some 
multiple of them) as they individually combine 
with the same third chemical element. L. of 
sines, the law that whatever the angle of inci¬ 
dence may be, the ratio {refractive index of the 
second medium) which it bears to the angle of 
refraction is constant. 

lawnstennis arm. A lameness of the arm caused 
by the injudicious or excessive playing of lawns 
tennis. The pronator radii teres, or more often 
its tendon, may be displaced. L.=/. leg is a simi¬ 
larly caused lesion in the leg. L.H. knee is proba¬ 
bly an injury of the internal semilunar cartilage. 
Law’s cell. A battery, of which the positive ele¬ 
ment is zinc, the negative carbon, and the fluid 
a solution of ammonium chloride. 

Lawso'nia. A genus of lythraceous shrubs, of 
which L. al'ba and L. iner'mis furnish varieties of 
henna. 

lax. Slack; loose. [< L. lax'us loose.] 
lax'a-tive. i. Slightly purgative or aperient; 

mildly cathartic. L. elixir, compound elixir of 
cascara sagrada. L. enema, an enema composed 
of a tablespoonful of common salt, two table¬ 
spoonfuls of lard or olive oil, two tablespoonfuls 
of molasses, and a pint of warm water. L. 
pills after confinement = pilule laxative 
POST PARTUM, N. F. L. species, a mixture of 
elder=flowers, senna, anise, fennel, tartaric acid, 
and potassium bitartrate. 2. A laxative med¬ 
icine. 

lax-a'tor. A muscle which renders a part less 
tense. L. au'ris inter'nus or L. tym'pani, an old 
name for the anterior ligament of the malleus, 
when it was regarded as a muscle, 
lax-i-quin'ine. A proprietary preparation of quin¬ 
ine and a laxative. 

lax'ol. A trade name for a castor=oil preparation. 
Do not confuse with lysol: several fatal errors 
have occurred from so doing, 
lay'er. A plateslike expansion of nearly the same 
thickness throughout. L. of rods and cones, m- 
BACILLAR layer; RETINA, 
lay-ette. A complete outfit for clothing and caring 
for a newsborn child. [F.] 
lay'man, lay'wom-an. ts- Laity. 



Lead Iodide. 


laz-a-ret' fever. Typhus fever. 

laz-a-ret'to. A hospital for persons afflicted with 
contagious diseases; a building set apart for the 
performance of quarantine. [ Ital. lazzaretto, 
from Lazarus, the name of the b^-ggar in the 
parable of Luke xvi.] 

Lb. or Lib. Abbr. of L. li'hra a pound, 
leach. To percolate. 

lead. A soft, flexible, inelastic metal, of a bluish* 
gray color. It is ductile and malleable, but 
possesses very little tenacity. It has a bright 
metallic lustre when freshly cut, but quickly 
tarnishes on exposure to air. Its specific gravity 
is 11.38; atomic weight, 205.35; symbol, Pb. 
It fuses at about 600° F. The most important 
ore of lead is the sulphide, the galena of the 
mineralogists. For the compounds of lead, 
PLUMBUM, PLUMBI, etC. L. aCCtatC = PLUMBI 

acetas*. L. cachexia, a ca¬ 
chexia due to plumbism. L.s 
cap headache, headache with 
a sense of great pressure or 
constriction: common in neu¬ 
rasthenia. L. carbonate = 

PLUMBI CARBONAS. L. chlO- 
ride, a compound, PbClg, used 
as an anodyne and astringent, 
like the carbonate; horn lead. 

L. colic, the colic occurring in 
plumbism. L. encephalopathy, cerebral disorders 
due to lead poisoning. L. glass = flint glass. 
L. iodide = plumbi iodidum*. L.sline, the gingi¬ 
val line; a bluish line leen upon the gums in some 
cases of lead poisoning. L. mania, mania due to 
plumbism. L. nitrate = plumbi nitras*. L. 
oleate, prepared by adding a solution of clear lead 
acetate to a solution of sodium oleate: employed 
in the making of lead plaster. L. oxide = plumbi 
oxiDUM*. L. palsy or L. paralysis, paralysis of the 
extensors of the wrist, resulting in wrist*drop. It 
is due to peripheral neuritis from lead poisoning. 
L.spipe contraction or paralysis, contracture of the 
muscles in certain forms of paralysis, which yields 
to a prolonged effort to overcome it; the state in 
catalepsy in which the limbs remain in the positions 
in which they have been placed. L. plaster = em- 
PLASTRUM PLUMBI*. L.splatc suture, a suture in 
which the ends are fastened to pieces of lead. L. 
poisoning = plumbism. L. rheumatism, neuralgic 
pains caused by lead poisoning. L. saccharate, a 
compound of saccharic acid and lead, which, dis¬ 
solved in nitric acid, constitutes L. nitrosaccha- 
rate, solutions of which have been used to dissolve 
urinary calculi. L. soap, soap made by saponi¬ 
fying a fat with lead oxide. L. subacetate, a 
basic lead acetate. L. subacetate cerate = CERA- 
TUM PLUMBI SUBACETATIS*. Sugar of 1. = PLUMBI 
ACETAS*. L.tetroxide,a compound, PbgO^, formed 
by carefully heating the monoxide, to which 
it has similar properties; red lead; minium. L. 
water == LIQUOR plumbi subacetatis dilutus*. 
White 1. = PLUMBI CARBONAS. 
lea'der. A popular name for a long tendon, as of 
the foot or of the hand. 

lead'ing, A form of plumbism observed in smelters, 
lead'w'brt. The genus Plumbago. 
lean. Free from or lacking in fat; thin. L. diabetes, 
diabetes with marked emaciation. L. rickets, 
rickets in which the infant is poorly nourished and 
emaciated, Fat rickets. 
leapsfrog position. A stooping position while stand¬ 
ing, assumed for digital rectal examination. 





LEAPING AGUE 


497 


LEIPH^MIA 


leap'ing ague, ill, or illness. Epidemic chorea. 
Lea'ry’s IKI solution. An antiseptic for the bac¬ 
teria of the mouth: made of iodine, i part, po¬ 
tassium iodide, 2 parts, and water 100 parts, 
leash. The netswork of branches of a nervestrunk. 
leath'er. The tanned skin of an animal. L. wood, 
a shrub, Dir'ca palus'tris, having a tough bark. 
L. yellow = CHRYSANILINE. 
leav'en. A substance capable of producing fermen¬ 
tation; the Saccharomy'ces. 
leb'an, leb'en. A form of fermented milk. [Arab.] 
Le'ber’s disease. Hereditary optic nerve atrophy, 
lec-a-no'ric acid. A colorless, crystalline substance, 
CjgHj407, obtained from various lichens; dior- 
sellic acid; orsellic acid; lec-a-no'rin. 

Lecat’s gulf (k-caz). The bulbous portion of the 
urethra. 

lech'er-ous. Sensual; lustful; lewd, 
le-che-gua'na. A South American honey having 
stimulant, narcotic, and depressant effects, 
le-chop'y-ra. Puerperal fever. [< a woman 
in childbed-f- rrvp fever.] 

lec'i-thins. Glycerophosphates of fatty acids and 


as distearyb 


cholin of the type 

'-^^2 HPO 

lecithin in which R and R' are each the stearyl 
radical CjgHggO-: found largely in the brain and 
in egg*yolk, and in smaller amounts in many 
other tissues, c®-V enom. [< yolk.] flec'- 

i-thide. 

lec'i-tho-blast, lec'i-tho-phore. A cell of the yolk 
cavity. 

lec'i-thoid. Resembling lecithin or the yolk of egg. 

Le-clerc’s serum. A very strong serum for injection 
in infectious diseases, containing sodium chloride, 
4 Gm.; sodium sulphate and sodium phosphate, 
0.5 Gm. each; and distilled water, 100 Cc. 

lec'i-to-gen. A proprietary preparation of cocoa 
containing about 1% of lecithin. 

Leclanchd cell (k-clah-she). A galvanic cell of 
which the positive element is zinc; the negative, 
carbon; and the fluid, a solution of ammonium 
chloride. 

lec'tu-al. Relating to a bed: said of disease that 
confines the patient to his bed for a long time. 

le-di-tan'nic acid. A variety of tannin, ^ 15 ^ 20 ^ 8 ’ 
from Le'dum palus'tre. 

le-di-xan'thin. A yellow or reddish substance, 
C3 oH340j 3, formed from leditannic acid by boiling 
with dilute mineral acids. 

Ledoyen’s disinfecting fluid or liquid (k-dwi-yefiz). 
A solution of lead nitrate in water. 

Ledran’s suture (k-drahz). A form of suture em¬ 
ployed in wounds of the intestines, in which a 
number of singlesthreaded sutures are placed 
about one=quarter of an inch apart, the threads 
on each side of the wound tied separately, and 
the two bundles thus formed then tied together. 

Le'dum. A genus of ericaceous shrubs. L. latifo'- 
lium, Labrador tea, a native of the United States 
and Canada, reputed to be pectoral and tonic. 
L. palus'tre, marsh tea, a species whose leaves 
are balsamic and aromatic, narcotic, sedative, 
febrifuge, and astringent, and have been used in 
cutaneous disorders. They yield a volatile oil, 
oil of ledum, which contains ledum camphor. 

leech. I. An aquatic blood*sucking worm formerly 
much used to draw blood from a patient, Hi- 
RUDo; sANGUisuGA. American 1. = Hirudo 
SANGU isuGA. Artificial or mechanical 1., a me¬ 


32 


chanical device for scarifying the surface and 
drawing blood. L. extract, a fluid obtained from 
the mouth cavity of the leech: when mixed with 
fresh blood it pre¬ 
vents coagulation for 
some time. Hungar¬ 
ian or Swedish 1. = 

SANGUISUGA MEDICIN- LeECH 

ALis. L. tube, a tube 

for holding a leech to a part from which blood 
is to be taken. 2 . A physician. Horse 1., a 
veterinary surgeon. tlc®ch'er. leech'ing. 
lee'ches. A mycotic disease of mules and cattle, 
lees. The dregs of wines and liquors. 

Lee’s amputation. An amputation of the leg in 
which the flaps are rectangular, the anterior flap 
short, and the posterior long and including the 
superficial muscles only, the deep muscles being 
divided level with the base of the flaps, 
leet'ing. Exudation of eczema. 

Le-fort’s amputation. An amputation through the 
foot, leaving a portion of the os calcis. 
left. Not right; sinister*, left'sbrained, having 
the speechscentre in the left half of the brain. 
left=hand'ed, using the left hand in preference to 
the right, fleft-hand'ed-ness. left lateral posi¬ 
tion = Sims’s position. L. lateral recumbent 
position = OBSTETRIC POSITION. L. lobe, the por¬ 
tion of the liver to the left of the longitudinal 
fissure. L. sursumduction, ^ sursumduction. 
L. ventricle of the heart, a cavity, largely in the 
left half of the heart, which receives blood from 
the left auricle and expels it into the aorta, 
leg. The lower extremity or limb; particularly, 
the portion between the ankle and the knee. 
The motor area is in the parietal lobule and pos¬ 
terior part of the marginal convolution, 
le'gal medicine. = Forensic medicine. L. ohm, 
^ ohm. L. practitioner, a person licensed by the 
state to assume directly or indirectly the respon¬ 
sibility of offering or granting services for the 
treatment of diseases, deformities, or injuries. 
Le-gal’s disease. Headache due to pharyngotym- 
panic disturbance. L.’s test, a test for acetone 
of comparatively little delicacy made by adding 
nitroprusside and an excess of alkali. A ruby 
red color turning to blue on neutralizing with 
glacial acetic acid indicates acetone. 

Le-gen-dre’s nodes or nodules. =Bouchnard’s 

NODULES. 

legsholder. Edebohl’s legsholder. 

Leg'horn fever. = Yellow fever. 
le-git'i-mate. Bom in wedlock, fle-git'i-ma-cy. 
Le-groux’s remissions. Lengthy remissions which 
sometimes occur in the course of phthisis, 
leg'ssticker. =Stomoxys calcitrans. 
le-gu'min. A vegetable casein or proteid, an albu¬ 
minoid body, resembling casein, found in ex¬ 
tracting leguminous seeds with an alkali. 
Leh'man’s sign. In the use of chloroform, an indi¬ 
cation of easy or difficult anaesthesia: if the eye¬ 
lids after being closed remain so, the anaesthesia 
will be easy; if they reopen, it will be difficult. 
Lei'den-frost’s phenomenon. The assumption of 
the spheroidal state by liquid on a hot surface, 
lei-o-der'mi a. An atrophic disease of the skin, in 
which it becomes smooth and glossy; liodermia. 
L. neurit'ica = GLOSSY skin. 
lei*o-my-o'ma, pi. leiomyo'mata. A myoma com¬ 
posed largely of nonsstriated muscle^fibre. 
lei'o-pus. = Talipes planus. 
lei-phae'mi a. A depraved state of the blood. 




LEIPOMERIA 


498 


LENS 


lei-po-me'ri-a. Congenital absence of any part or 
member of the body. 

lei-pyr'i a. Coldness of some portion of the body. 

Leish'nian^Don'o-van bodies. Small oval, round, 
or oatsshaped bodies, from 2.5 to 3.5 microns in 
diameter, having a definite outline, and contain- 



Leishman-Donovan Bodies.— i. Three parasites show¬ 
ing chromatin masses. 2, 3, 4, 5. Parasites showing 
fission. After Christophers, a. Parasite from spleen, 
b, c, d, e. Large parasites from cultures, f, g, h. Bodies 
showing flagella, i, j, k. Forms exhibiting unequal 
longitudinal fission. 1 . Two spirillar forms separated 
from parasite. After Leishman. (Wilson.) 


ing two chromatin masses, a large one, the 
“ nucleus,” and a smaller one, the ‘‘ centrosome.” 

Kalasazar. 

Leishma'nia. A genus of protozoan parasites includ¬ 
ing L. donova'ni, the Leishman=Donovan bodies; 
Piroplas'ma donova'ni: and L. trop'ica, the species 
producing oriental sore; Wright’s bodies. The 
latter species grows well in serum, but not in 
citrate solution, fleish-man-i-o'sis. [TJ L. ij. ’09.] 

Leist'ungs-kern. Ehrlich’s chem¬ 
ical centre of vital activity, 
possibly containing lecithin. 

Ehrlich’s lateralschain 
THEORY. [Ger.] 

Lei'ter’s coil or tube. A coil of 
thin metallic tubing wound 
round a part of the body, 
through which hot or cold 
water is passed in order to 
vary the temperature of the 
part, Petitgand’s appa¬ 
ratus. 

le'ma, le'me. The puriform sub¬ 
stance which often collects in 
the inner canthus of the eye. 

Lembert’s suture (loh-berz). An 

interrupted suture for bringing together the peri¬ 
toneal surfaces of the intestines. 

Le-me-ry’s salt. Magnesium sulphate. 

lem'ma. A limiting membrane, as the vitelline. 

Lem'ni-an bole or earth. A variety of bole, reddish 
in color, from the island of Lemnos: an astrin¬ 
gent and detergent. 

lem-nis'cus*, pi. lemnis'ci. = Fillet, def. i. L. 
tract, a tract of fibres originating in the pons 
varolii and dividing into the inferior, median, and 
superior lemnisci. 

lem'on. The fruit of Cit'rus limo'num. Acid of 1., 



Lembert Sutures 
IN Circular En- 

TERORRHAPHY. 


citric acid. L. balm = Melissa. L. essence = 
SPIRITUS LIMONIS. L. juice == LIMONIS SUCCUS*. 
L. oil = OLEUM LIMONIS*. L. peel = LIMONIS 
CORTEX*. Salt of Is., ^ SALT. L. Spirit = SPIRI¬ 
TUS LIMONIS. L. syrup = SYRUPUS ACIDI CITRICI*. 
Tincture of 1. peel = tinctura limonis corticis*. 
L. yellow, barium chromate, precipitated, 
nade', a beverage composed of lemon juice 
diluted with water and sweetened, 
le’mo-pa-ral'y-sis. = L^moparalysis. 
lem-oph-thal'mi a. = L^emophthalmia. 
le-mos'i-ty. A condition marked by an inflamma¬ 
tion of the eyelids. 

lengthsbreadth index. = Cephalic index. 
lengthsheight index. = Vertical index. 
Len'hartz’s diet. A diet for gastric ulcer. [H J.A. 


M.A. j. ’09.] 

Lenhoss^c’s bundle (Im-hosh'ecs). The ascending 
root of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. 

len'i-ceps. An obstetrical forceps modified so as 
to insure safety to the mother. [ < L. le'nis mild 
+ ca'pere to seize.] 

len'i-cet. Aluminum acetate, siccative and deodor¬ 
ant: used in hyperidrosis. 

le'ni-ent. i. Softening; mitigating; relaxing. 2. An 
emollient; a lenitive. 

len-i-gaFlol. Triacetate of pyrogallol: used in 5 to 
10% ointment with zinc oxide in skin diseases. 

len'i-mor. A tube containing cotton impregnated 
with some volatile substance, through which air 
is inspired. 

len'i-ol. A proprietary emulsion of codsliver oil, 
used in lung troubles. 

len-i-ro'bin. Tetracetate of chrysarobin: used in 
an ointment in parasitic skin diseases. 

le-ni'tis. Phlegmonous gastritis. 

len'i-tive. Demulcent; emollient; laxative. L. elec¬ 
tuary, confection of senna. 

Len-nan'der’s operation. An operation for the 
removal of the inguinal glands, including those in 
the pelvis, as far as the bifurcation of the aorta. 
An incision is made from the symphysis pubis to 
the anterior superior spine of the ilium and along 
the crest of the ilium for half its length. The 
peritoneum and its contents are retracted up¬ 
ward, the glands removed, and the wound closed. 

Lenn'hofE’s sign. In cases of echinococcus cyst, 
on deep inspiration a furrow forms above the 
tumor and between it and the edge of the ribs. 

Lenoir’s amputation (k-nwarz). A modified circular 
amputation of the leg. 

lens. I. = Crystalline lens. L.srudiment the 
primary embryonic stage of the crystalline lens. 
L. scoop, an instrument used in removing the 
crystalline lens. L.sstar, a stellate figure seen on 
the posterior 
surface of the 
crystalline 
lens, caused by 
the lines of 
juncture of the 
lenssfibres. 2. 

A piece of 
tran sparent 
substance, usu¬ 
ally glass, so 
shaped as to 

deflect rays of light; optical lens. Paraffin and 
pitch are transparent to long electromagnetic 
rays and may be used as lenses for concentrat¬ 
ing them. The ordinary lenses are the double 
convex, having both sides convex; biconvex. 



Lenses IN Cross-section.— A. Plan¬ 
oconvex. B. Biconvex. C. Con- 
cavoconvex. D. Planoconcave. E. 
Biconcave. F. Concavoconvex. 
























LENT FEVER 


499 


LEPIDOPTERA 


Magnifying lens, a convex lens; Minus 1., a con¬ 
cave or reducing lens; Planoconvex, one side plane 
and the other convex; Plus 1., a convex or magni¬ 
fying lens; Positive meniscus, one side convex 
and the other concave, the convexity predominat¬ 
ing ; Double concave, both surfaces concave: bicon¬ 
cave ; Planoconcave, one side plane and the other 
concave; Negative meniscus, one surface concave 
and the other convex, the concavity predominat- 
Reducing 1., a concave lens, Crystal¬ 
line L.; EYE=L. ;toric l. Cicatricular l.,t^ cica- 
TRicuLAR. L. paper, soft bibulous paper used for 
cleaning lenses. L.=shaped, lenticular. [L., 
“ lentil,” because it is usually convex like a 
lentil.] 

Lent fever. Typhoid fever. 

Len'te’s probe. A silver probe having its bulb 
coated with silver nitrate. 

len'ti-cel. One of the lentiform mucous follicles at 
the root of the tongue. 

len-ti-co'nus. An exaggeration of the curve of the 
crystalline lens, on its anterior surface (L. ante'- 
rior) or on its posterior (L. poste'rior). [< L. lens 
lens 4 - co'nus cone.] 

len-tic'u-la, pi. i. The lenticular nucleus. 
2. A freckle. 

len-tic'u-lar. i. Relating to or resembling a lens; 
shaped like a lentil. 2. Relating to the crystal¬ 
line lens. L. arteries, branches of the middle 
cerebral artery distributed to the lenticular nu¬ 
cleus. L. astigmatism, astigmatism due to irreg¬ 
ular curvatures of the crystalline lens. L. body, 
the mass of cells crowded to one point in the 
blastula. L. bone, the orbicular bone. L. bun¬ 
dle = sling of THE LENTICULAR NUCLEUS. L. 
carcinoma, a kind of scirrhus of the skin in 
which a number of flattened nodules are formed 
which run together to form fungoid growths or 
large, hard sheets. L. cataract, cataract in 
which the opacity is in the lens proper. L. fever, 
miliary fever. L. follicles, lymphatic follicles of 
the mucous membrane of the stomach resem¬ 
bling those of the intestine. L. fossa = hyaloid 
FOSSA. L. ganglion = CILIARY ganglion. L. 
gland, one of the conglobate glands of the mu¬ 
cous membrane of the stomach. L. loop = 
SLING OF THE LENTICULAR NUCLEUS. L. nUCleUS, 
that part of the corpus striatum which is exter¬ 
nal to the third ventricle, but is imbedded in the 
white substance of the cerebral hemisphere; extra¬ 
ventricular portion; lentiform nucleus; nucleus 
leniiformis* . L. papillae, i. Ovoid or spherical 
papillae arranged along the base of the tongue in 
two lines forming a V; papillae lenticulares*. 
They seem to be mucous follicles similar to those 
of the lips, palate, etc. 2. =Circumvallate 
PAPILLA. L. paralysis, paralysis due to lesions of 
the lenticular nucleus. L. process = processus 
LENT icuLARis*. L. spots, the peculiar ephelides 
of typhoid fever. L. syphilide, the flat, papular 
eruption of secondary syphilis. 

len-tic’U-losop'tic artery. A branch of the middle 
cerebral artery supplying the lenticular nucleus 
and the optic thalamus. 

len-tic*u-lo-stri'ate artery. A branch of the middle 
cerebral artery supplying the lenticular and cau¬ 
date nuclei; artery of cerebral hemorrhage. L. 
region, the anterior parts of the caudate and len¬ 
ticular nuclei, together with the intermediate 
part of the internal capsule. 

lcn-tic*u-lo-tha-lam'ic artery. A branch of the pos¬ 
terior cerebral artery distributed to the posterior 


end of the lenticular nucleus and the thalamus. 
L. region, the optic thalamus, the posterior part 
of the lenticular nucleus, and the intermediate 
part of the internal capsule, 
len-tic'u-lus. The round head of the stapes. At 
times it is a distinct bone, 
len'ti-form. Formed like a lentil or lens. L. nu¬ 
cleus— lenticular NUCLEUS, 
len-ti'go. Freckles, a cutaneous affection, chiefly 
of the face, in which there are spots of the color 
and size of the lentibseed; a freckle; a small 
naevus. flen-tig'i-nose, len-tig'i-nous. 
len'til. The plant Lens esculen'ta or its seeds, 
len'tin. Metaphenylenediamine hydrochloride, Cg- 
H4(NH2)22HC1, used in acute diarrhoea and tuber¬ 
culosis. Dose, 0.01 to 0.3 Gm. to 5 grs.). 
len-ti'tis. Inflammation of the crystalline lens, 
phacitis. 

len'tor. i. Tenacity; viscidity, as of fluids. 2 . 

Slowness; sluggishness. [L.] flen'tous. 

Lentz’s bodies, [^f J.A. M. A. ij. ’09.] 
le'nus. A depression; the torcular herophili. 

Lenz’s law. The law that the motion of a con¬ 
ductor in the neighborhood of an electric cur¬ 
rent induces in it a current such as by its electro¬ 
dynamic action opposes the motion, 
le-on-ti'a-sis. i. Leprosy in which there is a lion* 
like appearance of the face. 2. A form of lep¬ 
rosy in which tumors occur in different parts of 
the body. L. os'sea, leontiasis due to hyper¬ 
trophy of bone. L. vituli'na, a variety of leon¬ 
tiasis, usually congenital, in which the face be¬ 
comes enlarged so as to resemble that of a calf. 
[< Xeo)v lion.] 

le-on'to-din. A resinous precipitate from the 
tincture of the root of the common dandelion. 
Dose, 0.13 to 0.26 Gm. (2 to 4 grs.). 

Leon'todon tarax'acum. The common dandelion, 
Tarax'acum officina'le. Taraxacum. 
Leontopo'dium. A small genus of composite plants. 
Leonu'rus. A genus of labiate plants, of which the 
species L. cardi'aca, or mothei^ort, is used as 
an emmenagogue. [< /IfwF lion -l-oi)pd tail.] 
leop'ard retina. The variegated or mottled ap¬ 
pearance of the retina in retinitis pigmentosa, 
leop'ard’s bane. Ar'nica monta'na. Arnica. 
Leo’s sugar. Laiose. 
lep'er. One affected with leprosy, 
le-pid'ic tissues. Tissues without blood*vessels in 
the groups of specific cells and without definite 
stroma between the individual cells, fs- Hylic. 

fL. tumor =LEPIDOMA. 

lep'i-din. I. A bitter antipyretic principle obtained 
from Lepid'ium ibe'ris. 2. A base, CjgHgN, 
found in coaboil, or one, CggH^gO, derived from 
chinoline. [ < AeTrff scale.] 

Lepid'ium. Cress; peppergrass; a genus of crucif¬ 
erous plants, many species of which are anti¬ 
scorbutic. From L. ibe'ris is derived lepidin, and 
from L. sati'vum, used as a salad, is obtained 
cress oil. 

lep'i-doid. Resembling a scale; squamous. L. 
bone, the squamous portion of the temporal bone. 
L. suture = squamous suture. 
lep-i-do'ma. A form of tumor arising from the 
tissue of a lining membrane. ^ Hyloma. 
lep*i-do-phy'ton. A trichophyton occurring in the 
tropics, causing concentric ringworms. 
Lep-i-dop'te-ra. An order of insects, including the 
butterflies and moths, having four extended 
wings covered with minute scales, and suctorial 
mouthsparts in the form of a spiral proboscis. 


LEPIDOSARCOMA 


500 


LESSER’S TRIANGLE 


Iep*i-do-sar-co'ma. A sarcoma covered with scales, 
le-pid'o -sin. A substance in the scales of fishes 
analogous to dentin. 

lep-i-do'sis. Any scaly eruption, especially ichthyo¬ 
sis. 

le-pid'o-thrix. = Lepoth rix . 

lep'o-cyte, lep-o-cy'tode. A cell which has a proper 
cellswall. [ < Mttoq rind -I- KVToq cell.] 
lep'o-thrix. A condition in which the hairs (chiefly 
in the armpits) become covered with sheaths of 
loosened cuticular scales and sebaceous matters* 
lepidothrix. [ < A^TTOf scale + dpi^ hair.] 
lep'ra. i. An obsolete name for psoriasis and 
other scaly skin diseases. 2. Leprosy, a chronic, 
feebly infectious, cutaneous disease, due to the 
cultivable Bacil'lus lep'rce, which may be carried 
by the bedbug; elephantiasis arabum. The 
disease is characterized by infiltrations of the 
skin, and by erythematous, papular, tubercular, 
and scaly exanthems and disturbances of sensi¬ 
bility of the skin. When anaesthesia predomi¬ 
nates, it is known as L. ancBsthet'ica, L. gla'bra, 
and L. nervo'sa, and when tubercular infiltration 
predominates, as L. nodo'sa, L. tuberculo'sa, and 
L. tubero'sa. Elephantiasis. L. al'phos = 
PSORIASIS. L. ar'abum = lepra, def. 2. L. 
fever =swollenshead fever. L. graBCo'rum = 
PSORIASIS. L. maculo'sa, the mildest form of 
leprosy, marked by pigmented spots. L. mu'- 
tilans, a variety in which spontaneous separation 
of parts occurs. L. nervo'rum, leprous infiltra¬ 
tion of the peripheral nerves. [< Mirpa leprosy.] 
tlep'ric = LEPROUS, lep'rid, a leprous lesion of 
the skin, lep'ro-lin, an antileprous serum, pre¬ 
pared from cultures of Bacil'lus lep'rcs. le- 
prol'o-gy, the science of leprosy, le-pro'ma, the 
lesion of a tubercular leprosy, differing from a 
tubercle in the abundant supply of blood-vessels, 
the absence of giant cells, and by never under¬ 
going caseation. lep-ro-pho'bi a, lep-ra-pho'bi a, 
an insane fear of leprosy. lep-roph-thal'mi a, 
leprous ophthalmia. lep-ro-sa'ri-um, lep'ro-se- 
ry, a leper-house, lep'ro-sin, the corresponding 
term to tuberculin, le-pros'i-ty, the condition 
of being leprous. 

iep'ro-sy. i. = Lepra, def. 2. 2. An obsolete 

term for elephantiasis. Cutaneous 1., tubercular 
1., lepra nodosa, Lepra. Italian 1. — pel¬ 
lagra. Nervous 1., smooth 1., lepra anaesthetica. 
lep'rous, le-prot'ic, lep'ric. Relating to, of the 
nature of, or affected with leprosy, L. neuritis, 
a chronic form of interstitial neuritis, producing 
the cutaneous symptoms of leprosy, and due to 
Bacil'lus lep'rcB. L. tubercles, the tubercles of 
tubercular leprosy, flep'rous-ness. 

Leptan'dra*. i. A genus of veronicaceous plants. 
2, The U. S.P. name for the dried rhizome and 
roots (Culver’s root) of Veron'ica virgin'ica: a 
cholagogue cathartic. Dose, i Gm, (15 grs.). 
la^EXTRACTUM LEPTANDR.E*; FLUID EXTRACTU M 

leptandr^e*. [<Ac 7 rr( 5 f thin + man.] flep- 
tan'drin, a resinoid from leptandra, used largely 
by the eclectics. Dose, o.r Gm. (2 grs.). 
lep-thy-me'ni a. Thinness of a membrane, 
lep'to-. Thin; slender; delicate: a combining form. 
[< XeiTTog thin.] lep*to-ce-pha'li a, a small or 
narrow skull, Dolichocephalic, flep’to-ce- 
phaTic. lep-to-ceph'a-lous. lep-to-ceph'a-lus, a 
monster with an abnormally small head.— lep- 
to-chas'mus, a term for a skull having an angle 
between 94° and 114® formed at the punctum 
alae vomeris by lines imiting it and the posterior 


nasal spine and the punctum foraminis magni 
anterius.— lep-to-chro'a, lep'to-chros, a fine, thin, 
soft, or delicate membrane or skin.— lep-to- 
chym'i a, thinness of the fluids.— 'Lepto'dera nieT- 
lyi = Rhabditis niellyi. L. pel'lio, a rhab- 
ditiform chance parasite found in the vagina 
and urine, L. stercora'lis = Rhabditis in- 
TESTiNALis.— lep-to-dcr'mi a, thinness of the 
skin. — lep'to-hy-me'nia = lepthymenia. — 
lep*to-men-in-gi'tis, inflammation of any deli¬ 
cate membrane, especially of the pia or 
the arachnoid, or of both.— lep-to-me'ninx, the 
arachnoid or pia.— lep-tom'i-tus, a fungus occur¬ 
ring in the vagina.— 'lep-to-pho'ni a, the condition 
of having a weak voice, flep-to-phon'ic. — lep'- 
to-pro-so'pi a, abnormal narrowness of the face, 
flep-to-pros'ope, a person with a narrow face 
and slender features, lep*to-pro-sop'ic. lep-to- 
pros'o-pous. — lep'tor-rhine, lep'to-rhine, having 
a slender nose or a small nasal index (below 48). 
tlep-tor-rhin'i a. — lep-to-staph'y-line, having a 
► palatal index of 80 or less.— lep-to-trich'i a, 
fineness or thinness of the hair. 

Lep'tothrix. A genus of bacteria occurring in long, 
slender, unbranched, non-motile threads free 
from sulphur granules, producing non-motile 
gonidia, and showing a capsule only after special 
staining methods. L. bucca'lis, a form from 
tartar on teeth: it promotes caries. L. gigan'tea, 
found on the teeth of sheep and cattle. L. innom- 
ina'ta, slender, entangled, unsegmented, thread¬ 
like bacteria, found in the mouth. L. ochra'- 
cea, a chromogenic species from ferruginous water. 
[< leTTTog slender + dp'i^ hair.] flep-to-thri'cial. 

lep-tu'nic. A medicine that thins the blood. [< 
2 £TTTvveiv to make thin.] 

Lep'tus. A genus of acarine beetles. L. america'- 
nus, L. autumna'lis (mowers’ mite), and L. ir'ri- 
tans, the harvest bugs or mites, burrow under the 
skin, causing irritation and pruritus. 

lep-tyn'sis, lep-tys'mus. Emaciation. [< AeTrrwciP 
to make thin.] flep-tys'tic. 

Les'bi an love. =Tribadism. 

le' sion. A hurt, wound, or injury of a part; a 
pathological alteration of a tissue. Some of 
the varieties of lesion are Central, Coarse ( = 
macroscopic). Degenerative, Depressive, De¬ 
structive, Diffuse, DiscHARcmc, Disseminated, 
Focal, Functional, Histologic, Indiscrimi¬ 
nate, Inflammatory, Irritative, Macroscopic, 
Microscopic or minute, Mixed {— indiscrimi¬ 
nate), Molar (= macroscopic). Molecular, 
Nervous, Organic, Partial, Peripheral, Pri¬ 
mary, Secondary, Structural, Systemic,Total, 
Toxic, Traumatic, and Vascular, for which see 
the adjectives. L. of nutrition, any pathological 
alteration which originates in the capillary system, 
consisting in any excess or deficiency of the par¬ 
ticles of blood in the process of assimilation and 
absorption, etc. 

les'ser circulation. The pulmonary circulation. 
L. curvature of the stomach, incurvature. L. 
fontanel, the posterior fontanel, L. hemlock 

= ^THUSA CYNAPIUM. L. OmentUm = OMENTUM 

MINUS*. L. pancreas, in pancreas. L. peri¬ 
toneal cavity, the cavity of the great omentum. 

Les'ser’s triangle. A triangle of the neck bounded 
at its upper edge by the hypoglossal nerve and 
having its two sides formed by the ventral and 
dorsal bellies of the digastric muscle. It lies 
beneath the deep fascia, and contains the hypo ■ 
glossal nerve and the ranine vein. 


LEUCO- 


501 


LESSHAFT’S SPACE 

Less'haft’s space. = Lumbocosto^abdominal tri¬ 
angle. 

le'thal. Belonging to death; mortal; fatal. [< L.] 
leth'al. An alcohol, CigHggO, of the paraffin series, 
found in spermaceti. 

le-thar'gic. Belonging to lethargy; in a state of 
lethargy, fle-thar-go-gen'ic, causing lethargy, 
le-thar'gus = trypanosomiasis. leth'ar-gy, a 
state of marked drowsiness, stupor, or sleep, 
which cannot easily be driven off. African 1., 
Negro 1. = TRYPANOSOMIASIS, 
le'the-o-ma'ni a. Craving for narcotics. [< Atfir] 
forgetfulness + fiavia madness.] 
le'the on. Morton’s trade^name for ether, 
le-thif' e-rous. Deadly or fatal; mortal, 
le-tif'i-cant. Coimteracting melancholy. [<L. te/t- 
fica're to make joyful.] 
let'tuce. = Lactuca. 

Leube’s beef extract (loi'bfz). An extract from 
beef which has been predigested by boiling with 
hydrochloric acid. L.’s stomachic powder, a 
mixture of 4 parts of powdered rhubarb with 
I part each of dried sodium sulphate and sodium 
bicarbonate, 
leu'ca. = Leuce. 
leu-cae'mia. = Leukemia. 

leu'cae-thi-o'pia. Albinism in a negro. [< Aemdf 
white_+ aWioijj an Ethiopian.] fleu-cae'thi-ops. 
leu-ca-nae'mi a. A symptomatic blood picture re¬ 
sembling both leukaemia and pernicious anaemia, 
leu-can'i-lin. A white, crystalline substance, C^q- 
H21N3, a coabtar product, 
leu-cas'mus. i. Albinism. 2. Leucoderma. 
leu'ce. Leprosy; white leprosy, 
leu-ce'mia, leu-chae'mia. = Leukemia. 
leu'cic (leu-cin'ic) acid. A white, crystalline sub¬ 
stance, CgHj203, obtained by treating leucine with 
nitrous acid; oxycaproic acid, 
leu'crne. A crystalline substance, asamidocaproic 
acid, CeHj3N02, a decomposition^product of pro- 
teids and gelatin, found normally in many tissues 
and in the urine in acute yellow atrophy of the 
liver. tl6U-ci-no'sis, acute yellow atrophy of 
the liver, or any condition (leu-ci-nu'ri a) in 
which leucine appears in the urine, 
leu'cism, leu-cis'mus. Albinism; etiolation; leucop- 
athy; leucodermia. 

leu-ci'tis. Sclerotitis. [</lemdf white.] 
leu'co-. White: a combining form. [</lemdf 
white.] leu'co-a-liz'a-rin = anthrarobin. — 
leu'co-blast, a variety of heematoblast found in 
bone*marrow; an immature leucocyte, fleu-co- 
blas'tic tissue, tissue in which leucocytes are 
formed.— leu-co-crys'tal-line, a crystalline body 
in the blood of leukaemics.— leu'co-cyte, a white 
blood ^corpuscle, or one of the cells resembling it, 
i. e., lymph*corpuscle, pus*corpuscle, or wander¬ 
ing connective*tissue corpuscle. j^Basophile; 
eosinophile; lymphocyte; mast*cell; mono¬ 
nuclear; myelocyte; neutrophile; polymor¬ 
phonuclear. L. count, the number of leucocytes 
in one cfubic millimetre of undiluted blood; nor¬ 
mally about 8000 . Differential 1. count, the per¬ 
centages of different leucocytes present, 
co-cy-thae'mi a = leukaemia, leu-co-cy-thae'mic. 
leu-co-cyt'ic crystals, Charcot*Leyden crystals, 
because often associated with eosinophiles. leu**^ 
co-cy-to-gen'e-sis, the development of leucocytes, 
leu'co-cy-tol'y-sis, the destruction of leucocytes, 
as by bacterial extracts, leu’co-cy-to'ma, a tu¬ 
mor containing elements resembling leucocytes, 
leu-co-cy-to-pe'nic phase, the decrease in the 


number of leucocytes of the peripheral blood 
which forms the initial stage of the process of 
leucocytosis. leu-co-cy-to-lyt'ic phase = leuco- 
CYTOPENic PHASE. Leucoc^ozo'on zieman'ni, a 
haematozoon of mosquitoes, allied to Spirochce'ta; 
Haemamoeba ziemanni. leu-co-cy-to-pae'ni a, a 
decrease in the number of leucocytes in the periph¬ 
eral circulation. leuxo-cy-to'sis, a temporary in¬ 
crease in the polymorphonuclear neutrophile leu¬ 
cocytes per cubic millimetre in the peripheral 
blood, seen in cases of suppuration, many of the in¬ 
fectious diseases, after vigorous exercise, etc. leu*- 
co-cy-tot'ic, relating to or affected with leucocy¬ 
tosis. leu*co-cy-tu'ri a, the presence of leucocytes 
in the urine.— leu-co-der'ma, leu-co-der'mi a, ab¬ 
normal whiteness of the skin, general or partial, as 
in vitiligo or albinism: L. neurit'ica, pigmentary 
atrophy from neuritis. tl®u-co-der'mic. — leu-co- 
gal'lol, a colorless substance, CigHgCli20g, pro¬ 
duced by treating pyrogallol with chlorine in the 
presence of acetic acid.— leu'co-gen, sodium bisul¬ 
phite. — leu-co-hae'mi a = leukemia. — leu-co- 
hy-po-bil'in, a colorless derivative or metabolite 
of bilirubin.— leu‘cosin-o-i'tis, rheumatic inflam¬ 
mation of the white fibrous tissue of the bronchi. 

— leu'col, leu'co-line = quinoline. — leu-col'y- 
sis = LEUCOCYTOLYSIS. t^eu-col'y-sin. leu-co- 
lyt'ic. — leu-co'ma, pi. leuco'mata, (i) a milky 
opacity of the cornea due to keratitis; (2) albu¬ 
min; (3) leucoplacia.— leu-co'ma ine, leu-com'- 
a-tine, any of a number of basic bodies such as 
omithin, the hexone and purin bases, etc., which 
are the normal products of tissue metabolism. 
tm- Ptomaine. — leu-co'ma-toid = leucomatous. 

— leu-co-ma-tom'e-ter = albuminometer. — 
leu*co-ma-to'sis, amyloid degeneration. — leu- 
com'a-tous, pertaining to or affected with leu- 
coma.— leu-co-mo'ri a, melancholia errabunda, a 
form of melancholia with desire to wander.— leu*- 
co-my-co'sis = leuke:mia. — leu'co-my-e-li'tis, 
inflammation of the white substance of the spinal 
cord; L. posterior, locomotor ataxia.— leuxo-my- 
e-lop'a-thy, disease of the white matter of the 
spinal cord.— leu*co-ne-cro'sis, a form of gan¬ 
grene with a white, parchment*like slough.— leu- 
con'ic acid, a colorless, syrupy compound, CgOjg- 
Hjg, formed by oxidizing croconic acid; oxycro- 
conic acid.—■ Leuconos'toc, a genus of bacteria, 
one species of which abounds in molasses, crude 
sugar, and syrups, and has the power of convert¬ 
ing them into glucose.— leu-co-pae'ni a, a de¬ 
crease in leucocyte count; hypoleucocytosis.— 
leu-co-path'i-a, leu-cop'a-thy, albinism or any 
cutaneous disorder characterized by whitening 
of the skin, tleu-co-path'ic. — leuxo-phleg-ma'- 
si a, a form of oedema which does not pit upon 
pressure; phlegmasia alba dolens. fleuxo-phleg- 
mat'ic. — leu'co-pin, visual white, the colorless 
body formed from rhodopsin after exposure to 
white light, and, under the proper conditions, 
reconvertible into rhodopsin. — leu-co-pla'ci a, 
leu-co-pla'ki a, leu-co-pla'si a, the whitening of a 
surface, as L. bucca'lis, a disease in which whitish 
patches appear upon the lingual or the buccal 
mucous membrane, and usually disappear spon¬ 
taneously, but in rare instances become the seat 
of epithelioma.— leu'co-plast, leu-co-plas'tid, a 
colorless, starchsformipg granule of protoplasm; 
amyloplast. — leu-co-plax'i a = leucoplacia. — 
leu-co-pro'te-ase, an enzyme of polymorphonu¬ 
clear leucocytes capable of proteolytic action in a 
neutral or slightly alkaline medium, ts- Lympho- 


LEUCYL 


502 


PROTEASE. — leu-cop'sin, bleached rhodopsin, tsr 
VISUAL PURPLE, leu-cof-rha'gi a, excessive leucor- 
rhoea.— leu-cor-rhoe'a, a whitish discharge from 
the female genital organs; cervical catarrh; the 
whites. It is termed vulvar, vaginal, and uterine 
according to the seat of the inflammation, and in¬ 
fantile when in infants, in whom it is usually 
due to worms in the vagina or to uncleanliness: 
Menstrual or Periodic L, leucorrhoea occurring 
with the menses, or instead of the menses, 
tleu-cor-rhoe'al. — leu‘co-sar-co'ma, a sarcoma* 
like hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue, resembling 
chloroma, but without the green pigmentation: 
considered to be intermediate between lymphoid 
leukaemia and sarcoma.— leu'co-scope, an instru¬ 
ment for use in examinations for color ^blindness. 

— leu'co-sin, a body said to be found in asthma* 
crystals and in the blood of leukaemics.— leu-co'- 
sis, (i) the formation or progress of leucoma; (2) 
pallor, or whiteness.— leu-co-ther'a-py, treat¬ 
ment with leucocyte extracts.— leu-cot'ic, relating 
to leucoma.— leu'co-tin, a crystalline body, ^ 30 ' 
H34O2, obtained from paracoto bark. — leu-co- 
toxlc serum, a serum destructive to leucocytes. 

— leu-co-tu'ric acid, a crystalline substance, Cg- 
HgN^Og, formed by reducing alloxanic acid; oxa- 
lantin.— leu'cous, affected with albinism; white. 

leu'cyl. The radical, (CH3)2CHCH2CH(NH2)CO-. 
leu-kae'mi a. A rare disease, usually fatal, charac¬ 
terized by a hyperplasia of haematopoietic tissue 
and a great increase in the number of white 
blood*corpuscles; leucocythaemia; white blood* 
disease; it occurs in two main types, the Spleno- 
myelogenous (lienomyelogenous; myeloid) , in which 
the changes begin or are especially marked in the 
spleen and bone*marrow, and the blood shows 
an increase in the number of polymorphonuclear 
cells and myelocytes; and the Lymphatic {lym¬ 
phoid), the rarer form, in which the lymphatic 
glands are especially involved, and the blood 
shows a great increase in lymphocytes, Leu- 
cocYTosis. tl®u-kae'mic, affected with, relating 
to, or caused by leukaemia, as L. priapism. 
leu-kae-thi-o'pi a. = Leuc^ethiopia. 
leu-kan-ae'mi a. =Leucan^mia, 
leu-kan'i-lin. =Leucanilin. 
leu'ko-. = L eu c o-. 

Le-va-di'ti’s method. A silver*nitrate method for 
staining the Treponema pallidum in tissues as 
the liver or placenta. [11 C. r. S. B. ’05.] 
Le-vant' nut. =Cocculus indicus. L. plague 
= plague, def. I. L. wormseed = sANTONicA*. 

Le -vas-seur’s sign. Wet*cupping without the pro¬ 
duction of bleeding: a sign of death, 
le-va'tor, pi. levato'res. An elevator or lifter; 
applied to many of the muscles and to certain 
surgical instruments. L. an'guli o'ris, a small 
muscle extending between the canine fossa and 
the angle of the mouth. L. an'guli scap'ulae, a 
muscle extending between the upper angle of the 
scapula and the four or five upper cervical ver¬ 
tebrae. L. a'ni, a muscle arising from the poste¬ 
rior part of the body and the ramus of the pubis, 
the pelvic fascia, and the ischial spine, and in¬ 
serted into the rectum, the coccyx, and the me¬ 
dian fibrous raphe: it forms the greater part of 
the muscular floor of the pelvis. L. clavic'ulae = 
TRACHELOsACROMiALis*. Lcvato'tes costa'rum, 
twelve triangular sheets of muscle arising from 
the tips of the transverse processes of the last 
cervical and all the thoracic vertebrae except the 
last, and inserted into the outer surfaces of all 


LEYDEN JAR 

the ribs, which they elevate. L. glan'dulae thy- 
roi'deae, an occasional muscle arising from the 
isthmus or the pyramidal process of the thyroid 
gland and inserted into the anterior surface of 
the body of the hyoid bone. L. la'bii inferio'ris 
= L. MENTi. L. la'bii superio'ris, a quadrilat¬ 
eral sheet of muscle arising from the front of 
the maxilla below the orbit and inserted into 
the upper lip, which it lifts. L. la'bii superio'ris 
alae'que na'si, a muscle arising from the superior 
maxilla and inserted into the upper lip and the 
ala of the nose. L. men'ti, a short, thick, fan* 
shaped muscle arising front the incisive fossa of the 
mandible and inserted into the subcutaneous tis¬ 
sue above the point of the chin; L. labii inferioris. 
L. pal'ati, a muscle arising from the petrous por¬ 
tion of the temporal bone and inserted into the 
soft palate. L. pal'pebrae superio'ris, a muscle 
extending between the posterior portion of the 
orbit and the upper lid. L. pharyn'gis — stylo- 
PHARYNGEUs. L. prosta'tSB, the anterior portion 
of the levator ani. 
le'ver pessary. A pessary which acts as a lever. 
Lev'ert’s law. The law that in all cases of placenta 
praevia there is marginal insertion of the cord, 
lev-i-cel'lu-lar. Smooth*celled. L. myoma, a leio¬ 
myoma. [< L. le'vis smooth -f cel'lula cell.] 
lev-i-ga'tion. The process of rubbing down any 
hard substance to an impalpable powder. [ < L. 
Iceviga're to smooth.] flev'i-ga-ble. lev'i-gate. 
Lev'is’s splints. Perforated metal splints. 
Levis'ticum officina'le. An umbelliferous aromatic, 
diaphoretic, and emmenagogue herb; lovage. 
lev-i-ta'tion. The sensation of being suspended in 
the air without support, 
le'vo-. =LiEvo-. 

le-vo-pho'ria. An abnormal tendency of the eyes 
to turn to the left, 

lev'u-lin. A starch*like, colorless, amorphous sub¬ 
stance, CgHjgOg, found in the tubers of plants 
such as the artichoke and the dahlia. It is 
readily changed into levulose. 
lev-u-lin'ic acid. A crystalline substance, CjHgO,, 
formed by the action of acids upon sugar, starch, 
etc.: acetopropionic acid. 

lev-u-lo'san. A carbohydrate, CgHj^Og, formed by 
heating levulose. 

lev'u-lose. A monosaccharide, CH2(OH)(CHOH),- 
COCH.^OH, widely distributed through the veg¬ 
etable kingdom and found in honey and some¬ 
times in diabetic urine; (i=fructose; fructose; fruit* 
sugar; left*rotating sugar; mucin*sugar: formed 
in the hydrolysis of canessugar invert*sugar; 
Seliwanoff’s test), inulin, etc. [< L. Ice'vis 
left.] tlev-u-lo-sae'mi a. lev-u-lo-su'ri a. 
lev-u're-tin. A dried preparation of brewers’ yeast: 

used for boils and other skin affections, 
lew'i-nine. A resin*like substance from kava; a 
powerful local anaesthetic. 

Lex'er’s operation. Removal of the gasserian gan¬ 
glion. 

lex-i-phar'mic. = Alexipharmac. 
lex-i-py-ret'ic. = Alexipyretic. 
ley. ==Lye. 

Leyde'nia gemmip'ara. Certain amoeboid cells de¬ 
scribed as cancer parasites. 

Ley'den jar. A glass jar, or bottle, coated on 
both surfaces with tinfoil, and having a rod with 
a ball at the top passing through the cork to the 
interior coating; used as an electric condenser. 
It has been suggested that the Ark of the Cove¬ 
nant was built on these principles. 


LIEBIG’S BEEFsTEA 


LEYDEN’S ATROPHY 503 


CRYSTALS. 

L.’s serum 



Ley'den’s atrophy. Hereditary muscular atrophy. 
L.’s crystals = Charcot»Neumann 
L.’s neuritis = LiPOMATous neuritis. 

= voN Leyden’s 
SERUM. L.’s sign, in 
pyopneumothorax 
a subphrenic ab- 
scessscavity shows 
a rise of pressure 
with inspiration in¬ 
stead of a fall, L.’s 
spirals, a meshwork 
of fibres sometimes 
found in the sputum 
in certain forms of 
bronchial catarrh. 

Ley'dig’s duct. The 
mesonephric duct. 

Li. The chemical 
symbol for lithium. 

Li'atris. A genus of 
composite plants. 

L. odoratis^sima, 
dogstongue, deer’s 
tongue, or Southern 
vanilla, a species Ernest Victor von Leyden, 
having aromatic ^ 

properties and containing a principle resembling 
coumarin. L. spica'ta, colic root, devil’s bite, 
a species having diuretic and terebinthinate 
properties. L. squarro^sa, blazing star, rattle¬ 
snake’s master, a species used as an antidote for 
snake*bites. 

Lib. Abbr. for L. li'bra a pound, 
lib'a-nol. A cedar*oil preparation used like santal 
oil. 

lib-e -ra'tion of the arms. The bringing down of 
the arms, in breechspresentations, when extended 
along the sides of the head. 
lib*e-ro-mo'tor. Liberating motor energy, 
li-bid'i-nous. Having strong sexual desire. [< L. 

libidino'sus, fr. libi'do lust.] 
li-bi'do. Venereal desire. [L.] 
li'bra. A pound^weight. [L.] 
lice. PI. of louse. ^Pediculus. 
li'chen. i. A fungus, usually ascomycetous, living 
in symbiotic relationship with an enmeshed alga 
and usually dependent upon it for existence, 
while the alga is to a certain extent dependent 
upon the fungus but in many cases is capable of 
living without it. Lichens commonly form dry, 
dulLcolored growths on stones, tree=trunks, etc., 
and certain species have been used in medicine. 
L. cetra'ria, L. islan'dica = Cetraria islandica. 
L. roccel'la= Roccella TiNCTORiA. 2. A papular 
eruption of the skin; any one of a number of 
dry papular cutaneous diseases. &- Prurigo. 
L. acumina'tus, a grave and sometimes fatal form, 
in which the papules are acuminate and scurfy; 
pityriasis rubra pilaris. L. a'grius, eczema pap- 
ulosum. L. circina'tus, a variety in which the 
papules are arranged in clearly defined circular 
patches. L. circumscrip'tus = dermatitis sebor- 
RHCEiCA. L. eczemato'des, papular eczema. L. 
i'ris, tinea capitis in which there are concentric 
rings of erythema separated by healthy skin. 
L. liv'idus, a variety of lichen associated with 
purpura. L. men'ti= sycosis. L. obtu'sus, a va¬ 
riety in which t'he papules are hemispherical and 
flattened. L. pila'ris, a variety in which the papules 
are small and red, each with a central horny 
spine. L. pla'nus, a variety in which the papules 


are broad and flat and slightly umbilicated. L. 
ru'ber. i. A variety held by some to include 
the varieties acuminatus, obtusus, and planus. 2. 
L. acuminatus. L. scrofulo'sus, L. scrofuloso'rum, 
a variety of lichen occurring in scrofulous pa¬ 
tients and marked by the formation on the trunk 
of small red or pale papules, each covered by a 
small scale. L. sim'plex = neurodermatitis. L. 
spino'sus (spinulo'sus) = L. pilaris. L.=starch 
= LiCHENiN, L. trop'icus, prickly heat; a cuta¬ 
neous disease, caused by great heat, and charac¬ 
terized by small vesicles or papules, with sweat¬ 
ing and itching. L. urtica'tus, papular urticaria. 
L. variega'tus = parakeratosis variegata. 
li-che-ni'a-sis stroph'ulus. = Strophulus. 
li-chen'ic acid. =Fumaric acid. 
li'chen-i-fonn. Resembling lichen, 
li'che-nin. A starch body, CgHjoOj, obtained from 
a number of lichens, especially from Cetra'ria 
islan'dica, and from some algae, colored a dirty 
blue by iodine; lichensstarch. 
li'che-noid. i. Resembling lichen. 2. A starchy 
principle, colored blue by iodine, found along 
with lichenin. 3. A disease of the tongue, oc¬ 
curring usually in young children, which consists 
of round, whitish patches surrounded by yellow 
rings that often overlap. [< L. li'chen + el 6 og 
form.] 

li'chensste-ar'ic acid. A compound, C14H34O3, found 
in Cetra'ria islan'dica. 
li'chi-nin. = Carrageenin. 
lic'o-rice. = Glycyrrhiza*. 

lid. = Palpebra*. L.sclamp, a blepharostat. 

L.sreflex = corneal reflex. 

Lie'ben’s test. A test for acetone in the urine, 
made by adding potassium hydroxide and Lugol’s 
solution to the urine or distillate and warming. 
If acetone be present, iodoform will be deposited 
as a yellow precipitate. The test is extremely 
delicate, but is given by alcohol and aldehyde 
as well as by acetone, tsr- Gunning’s test. 
Lie'ber-kiihn. A microscopical attachment for con¬ 
centrating a ray of light upon a field by a con¬ 
cave reflector surrounding the objective. [Ger.] 
Lie'ber-kiihn’s alkalisalbuminate. = Alkali albu¬ 
minate, def. 2. L.’s ampullae, the blind termina¬ 
tions of the lacteals in the intestinal villi. ■ L.’s 
crypts, follicles, or glands, simple tubular glands 
secreting the succus entericus and opening on the 
surface of the mucous membrane of the intes¬ 
tine, in which they are placed vertically; Galeati’s 
glands. L.’s jelly, a jelly-like substance formed 
by adding strong caustic potash to egg-albumin. 
L.’s reflector, L.’s speculum = Lieberkuhn. 
Lie'ber-mann’s reaction, i. The production of a vio¬ 
let color when albumin is precipitated with alco¬ 
hol, washed with ether, and heated with hydro¬ 
chloric acid. 2. The pink color changing to green 
or blue produced if cholesterin esters are pres¬ 
ent in fat dissolved in acetic anhydride to which 
a little concentrated sulphuric acid is added. 
Lie'ber-meist-er’s furrows or grooves. Ventro¬ 
dorsal grooves on the liver corresponding to 
thickened or tense bands in the diaphragm. 
Lie'big’s beefstea. The expressed fluid from a pound 
of chopped lean beef macerated in a pint of cold 
water, to which thirty minims of HCl and one 
drachm of common salt are added. L.’s con¬ 
denser, an apparatus consisting of two short, 
straight, inclined concentric tubes through the 
outer of which cold water is passed while vapors 
are condensed in the inner. L.’s extract, a prepa- 






LIEBREICH’S BANDAGE 


504 


LIGAMENTUM 



Liebig’s Potash Bulbs. 


ration containing the salts and extractive matters 
of beef. L.’s foods, malted, starchy foods. L.’s 
potash bulbs, a series of bulbs containing potas¬ 
sium h y- 
drate for 
collecting 
carbon 
dioxide 
in the 
quantita¬ 
tive esti- 
m a t i o n 
of gas¬ 
es. [Jus¬ 
tus von 
Liebig, 

Ge rm a n 
chemist, 

i8o3-’73.] 

Lieb'reich’s bandage. A bandage for the eye made 
of a band of knitted cotton. L.’s method, the 
treatment of tuberculosis by hypodermic injec¬ 
tions of a solution of potassium cantharidate. 

li'en*. The spleen. L. accesso'rius*, L. succen- 
turia'tus = splenculus. L. mo'bilis, movable 
spleen. [L.] relating to the spleen; 

splenic, li-en'cu-lus, li-e-nun'cu-lus = splencu¬ 
lus. li-en' ic, relating to the spleen. 

li'en-ase. Either of two proteolytic ferments iso¬ 
lated from the spleen. 

li-e-ni'tis. = Splenitis. 

li'e-no-. Pertaining to the spleen; a combining 
form. [< L. li'en spleen.] li-en'o-cele, hernia of 
the spleen.— Ire-nosin-tes'ti-nal vein = splenic 
VEIN. — li*e-no-ma-la'cia, morbid softening of 
the spleen.— li*e-no-med'ul-la-ry, li*e-no-my-e- 
log'e-nous = sPLENOMEDULLARY. m- Leuk.emia. 
— li*e-no-re'nal ligament, the fold of peritoneum 
between the spleen and the left kidney. 

li'en-ter-y (li-en-ter'ic diarrhoea). Diarrhoea in 
which the stools contain undigested food. 

Lieu-taud’s sinus. A straight sinus joining the 
inferior longitudinal sinus with the lateral sinus. 
L.’s triangle or trigone = trigonum vesicas 
[lieutaudi]*. L.’s uvula, a ridge extending longi¬ 
tudinally across the trigone of the bladder. 

life. The characteristic normal state of all organ¬ 
isms, both animal and vegetable, marked by 
sequences of phenomena more complicated than 
are explicable by the ordinary laws of physics 
and chemistry, and showing a certain purposive¬ 
ness not found in those associated with non* 
living substance. A condition of matter, or of 
certain types of matter, perpetuated by assimi¬ 
lation, growth, and reproduction, but not arising 
spontaneously from nonsliving substance (at least 
as a phenomenon of human experience, although 
postulated for a previous age as a more satisfac¬ 
tory scientific conception than either perpetuity 
of life or special creation), characterized by cer¬ 
tain structural and functional qualities, and con¬ 
ditioned by special environment. *3^- Death; 
protein. Lscy'cle, the round of changes in form 
of a given species, as in many of the protozoan 
parasites, often extending through several gen¬ 
erations before returning to the original form. 
L. everlasting = Gn A PH A LIU M macrocephalum. 
Life insurance, a contract in which money is 
paid upon the death of the person insured. 

Medical examiner. L.sknot, the respiratory 
centre in the medulla oblongata; noeud vital of 
Claude Bernard. 


lift'scure. The use of the health*lift. 
lig'a-ment, lig-a-men'tum*. Any one of the dense 
bundles of white fibrous tissue, little extensible, 
difficult to break, which adhere by their extrem¬ 
ities to bones or cartilages and thus serve as means 
of uniting articulations or osseous parts; also the 
peritoneal tissue where it leaves the surface of a 
viscus. Ligaments of the bladder, false, folds of the 
peritoneum, the lateral, extending between the 
bladder and the iliac fossae, the superior, extend¬ 
ing toward the umbilicus, containing the re¬ 
mains of the urachus, and the posterior. Liga¬ 
ments of the bladder, lateral, true, reflections of 
the rectovesical fascia upon the sides of the 
bladder. L. of Burns = Burns’s ligament. L. 
of the colon, the longitudinal muscular bands of 
the colon; taeniae coli. L. of the incus, a band of 
fibrous tissue connecting the incus with the pos¬ 
terior tympanic wall. Ls. of the malleus, anterior, 
external, and superior, fibrous bands extending 
between the walls of the tympanum and the 
malleus. L. of the malleus, inferior, a slender 
band between the neck of the malleus and the 
wall of the tympanum. Ls. of Schlemm = 
GLENOIDEOBRACHIAL LIGAMENTS. L. Of the StapCS, 
or obturator ligament, a fold of the tympanic 
mucous membrane extending from the stapes to 
the tendon of the stapedian muscle. L. of Val¬ 
salva, Valsalva. [< L. liga're, to bind.] 
lig-a-men'ta. PI. of L. ligamen'tum*. — Ligament. 
L. arcua'ta = ARCUATE ligaments. L. cilia^ria 
= CILIARY PROCESSES. L. subfla'va, yellowish lig¬ 
aments, the ligaments occupying the intervals 
between the laminae of adjacent vertebrae, which 
thus complete the back part of the spinal canal. 
They are largely dense, yellow, elastic fibres. L. 
tec'ta = STRIiE LONGITUDINALES LATERALES*. 
lig-a-men'tal, lig-a-men'tous. Of the nature of a 
ligament; belonging to a ligament. L. artery, a 
branch of the ovarian artery distributed to the 
round ligament and passing through the inguinal 
canal to anastomose with the cremasteric and su¬ 
perficial external pudic arteries. L. plate, one of 
the intervertebral disks of the embryo. Liga¬ 
mentous union = SYNDESMOSIS*. 

lig-a-men'tum*. A ligament. L. arcua'tum exter'- 
num, an arched fibrous band between the trans¬ 
verse process of the second, sometimes the first, 
lumbar vertebra and the last rib. L. arcua'tum 
inter'num, an arched fibrous band extending from 
the body of the second lumbar vertebra and its 
transverse process and occasionally from that of 
the first. L. ar'cuum = ELASTIC ligament. L. 
arterio'sum, a fibrous cord passing from the left 
pulmonary artery to the aorta and representing 
the remains of the ductus arteriosus. L. atlan'- 
tosoccipita'lel superficia'le = L. occipitale an- 
TERIUS MEDIUM. L. Cax'pi dOfSa'le* = ANNULAR 
LIGAMENT OF THE RADIUS. L. CO mm n'riA VertC- 

bra'le anti'cum= anterior vertebral liga¬ 
ment. L. commu'ne vertebra'le posti'cum = pos¬ 
terior VERTEBRAL LIGAMENT. L. COtaCOi'deum 

= CORACOID LIGAMENT. L. denticula'tum*, a 
characteristically serrated fibrous band running 
along the whole length of the spinal cord on each 
side, separating the anterior from the posterior 
nervesroots, connecting the arachnoid and the pia 
mater. L. den'tis, the part of the gum attached 
to the neck of a tooth. L. fla'vum = elastic 
LIGAMENT. L. iliopu'biCUm = PoUPART* S LIGA¬ 
MENT. L. intercrura'lium = ELASTIC ligament. 
L. la'tum == BROAD ligament. L. la'tum epi- 









LIGAR’S LINES 


505 


LIME 


stro'phei, the upper part of the posterior verte¬ 
bral ligament at its origin from the basilar 
process. L. longitudina'le ante'rius = anterior 
VERTEBRAL LIGAMENT. L. longitudina'le posti'- 
CUm = posterior VERTEBRAL LIGAMENT. L.mU- 
co'sum == SYNOVIAL FOLD. L. nu'chaB, the me¬ 
dian triangular membranous partition between 
the muscles at the back of the neck, extending 
from the occipital bone to the last cervical verte¬ 
bra. L. obturato'rium stap'edis= ligament of 
THE STAPES. L. occipita'le ante'rius me'dium, 
the narrow band, starting from beneath the bas¬ 
ilar process of the occipital bone, which is the ori¬ 
gin of the anterior vertebral ligament. L. orbic- 
ula're = ANNULAR ligament of the radius. L. 
patel'lae*, a strong fibrous band extending be¬ 
tween the patella and the tubercle of the tibia as 
the continuation of the tendon of the quadriceps 
extensor muscle. L. pectina'tum i'ridis* = pec¬ 
tinate ligament of the iris. L. phrenicogas'- 
iricum = PHRENicoGASTRic LIGAMENT. L. phrcn- 
icosple'nicum = PHRENicosPLENic ligament. L. 
pulmo'niS = PULMONARY LIGAMENT. L. TOtUn'- 
dum = ROUND LIGAMENT. L. scro'sum, serous 
ligament. L. spira'le, a thickening of the outer 
wall of the cochlear duct composed of fibro- 
connective tissue and affording attachment to the 
basilar membrane. L. subfla'vum = elastic lig¬ 
ament. L. suspenso'rium ova'rii= infundibulo- 
PELVIC LIGAMENT. L. tc'reS. I. = RoUND LIG¬ 
AMENT. 2 . A short bundle of fibrous tissue 
attached to the head of the femur and the trans¬ 
verse ligament and the cotyloid notch. 

Ligar’s lines (li-garz). Two lines, one from the 
posterior iliac spine to a point midway between 
the ischial tuberosity and the great trochanter, 
the other from the posterior iliac spine to the 
inner point of trisection of a line between the 
ischial tuberosity and the great trochanter. The 
upper point of trisection of the first shows 
the point of emergence of the gluteal artery, 
the middle of the second corresponds to the point 
at which the sciatic artery leaves the pelvis, 
li'gate. To apply a ligature. [< L./fga'r^ to bind.] 
tliga'tion, the act of applying a ligature, li-ga'- 
tor, an instrument used in ligation, 
lig'a-ture. i. Any filamentous body used for tying 
around an artery or constricting a morbid 
growth, made of buckskin, catgut, hemp, horse»= 
hair, silk, metal, or the tendons of many animals, 
termed aseptic when impregnated with antisep¬ 
tics, absorbable or soluble when of some material 
readily absorbed, permanent, when nonsabsorba- 
ble, provisional when applied temporarily during 
the performance of an operation, and elastic when 
made of india*rubber, elastic webbing, etc. (For 
other specially named ligatures see the adjec¬ 
tives.) 2 . Ligation. 3 . = Ligate. L. in mass, 
ligation of an entire mass of tissue in one loop. 
L. needle, an aneurism needle, 
light. I. A form of energy, consisting of trans¬ 
verse vibrations of the ether set in motion by 
luminous bodies, which gives rise to a subjective 
sensation of vision. L. reflex = light spot. L. 
sense, that part of the sense of sight which dis¬ 
tinguishes degrees of brilliancy. L. spot, a clearly 
defined light area in the anterior lower part of the 
membrana tympani. 2 . Not heavy. L. magne¬ 
sia = magnesia. L. percussion, gentle tapping, 
causing resonance of superficial structures only, 
light'ning pains. The lancinating pains of tabes, 
lights. The lungs. 


ligne blanche. A white line described by Sergent 
as being produced in cases of suprarenal disease 
by stroking the skin with the finger. 

Lignerolle’s amputation (lin-y^-rolz). Amputation 
of the foot without displacing the astragalus, 
lig'nin. A modified form of cellulose, CjgHjgOg, en¬ 
crusting the true cellulose of wood, and forming 
the essential part of wood cells and fibre; xylogen. 
lig-no-cer'ic acid. A crystalline substance, C24H48O2, 
obtained by distilling wood tar. 
lig'no ine. A brown, amorphous alkaloid, C20H23NO8, 
from old Huanuco bark, a variety of cinchona, 
lig'none. A variety of lignin, 
lig'nose. = Cellulose. 

lig'num. Wood. L. benedic'tum, guaiacum wood. 
L. campechia'num = H^matoxylon*. L. colu- 
bri'num = Aristolochia serpentaria. L. in'- 
dicum = H^matoxylon*. L. sanc'tum, L. vi'tae, 
guaiacum wood. [L.] 

lig'roin. A petroleum product intermediate be¬ 
tween naphtha and benzine: used as a solvent, 
lig'u-la. The clavicle; the epiglottis; the pontic- 
ulus or ala pontis. [ < L. dim. of lin'gua tongue.] 
lig'u-lin. A coloring matter obtained from Levis'- 
ticum officina'le and higus'trum vulga're: it re¬ 
mains red in soft water but turns blue in water 
containing carbonate of lime, 
li-gus'trin, li-gus'tron. Bitter, crystalline sub¬ 
stances found in Ligus'irum vulga're, privet. 
Ligus'trum levis'ticum. = Levisticum officinale. 
li'lac. Syrin'ga vulga'ris, the leaves and seeds of 
which are reputed to b^ antiperiodic and tonic, 
flil'a-cin, a bitter, crystalline substance, CjgHgQOj^. 
Li'li en-thal*s probe. A probe for locating bullets, 
consisting of metallic cords attached to insulated 
copper wires running into a mouth^piece with 
galvanic plates which are applied to the tongue. 
When the ends come in contact with a bullet a 
distinct metallic taste is perceived, 
lil'y of the valley, Convallaria*. 
li-ma'tion. Separating crowded teeth by filing, 
li-ma-tu'ra. The filings of a metal. L. fer'ri, iron 
filings. [ < L. li'ma file.] 

limb. I. The branch of a tree. 2. One of the ex¬ 
tremities of an animal, as a leg, or an arm; crus*; 
membrum*. L.sgirdle, the chain of bones con¬ 
necting a limb with the trunk, as the ; ^ ’ 

girdle (scapula and clavicle i n man). L.=root, the 
part of the skeleton which Wears a limb. 3. = 
Limbus*. 

lim'bic. Pertaining to a limbus, marginal. L. fis¬ 
sure. I. = Marginal fissure. 2. The ' sure 
surrounding the limbic lobe. L. lobe, that divi¬ 
sion of the brain which includes the gyrus of the 
hippocampus and the gyrus fomicatus. 
lim'bose. Overlapping: "Said of a suture in which 
one bone overrides the border of another, 
lim'bus*. A border or fringe, as of the cornea or 
the conjunctiva. L. acetab'uli, the cotyloid liga¬ 
ment. L. of the conjunctiva, the portion of the 
conjunctiva which overlaps the cornea. L. cor'- 
neae*. i. The limbus of the cornea or its scle¬ 
rotic margin. 2. The arcus senilis. L. fimbria- 
tus = CORPUS FiMBRiATUM. L. lam'inaB spira'lis 
= CRISTA SPIRALIS. L. lu'teUS = MACULA LUTEA*. 
L. sphenoida'lis, the sharp posterior edge of that 
part of the body of the sphenoid which bears the 
ethmoidal spine. 

lime. I. = Calx*. Chloride of 1. = calx chlori- 
NATA*. Quicksl., ^ QUiCK=LiME. L. soap, a soap 
in which lime is the alkali used to saponify the 
fat, as in linimentum calcis. L. water = liquor 


LIMEN 


506 


LINEOLATE 


CALCis*. 2. The fruit of Cit'rus ac'ida. L. 
juice, the juice of Cit'rus ac'ida: used principally 
as an antiscorbutic. Sweet 1., Cit'rus limet'ta. 
L. tree, the genus Tilia. 

li'men*, pi. lim'ina. A threshold, border, or boun¬ 
dary. L. in'sulae, threshold of the island, a small 
convolution on the margin of the island of Reil; 
crest of the insula. [L.] 

limbic. Pertaining to hunger. [ < Ai/zdf hunger.] 
lim'i-nal. Relating to the threshold; relating to 
the beginning; inceptive, 
lim'i-tans. i^Membrana limitans. 
lim'i-ting. Bounding. L. membrane, the mem¬ 
brane or layer enclosing a cell; the innermost 
lining of a canal or cavity. External 1. membrane 

= MEMBRANA LIMITANS EXTERNA. Internal 1. 

membrane = MEMBRANA limitans interna. 
lim-i-troph'ic. Regulating nutrition: said of the 
sympathetic nerve, as the guardian and regulator 
of the nutrition of the body, especially and appro¬ 
priately applied to the external sympathetic gan¬ 
glia and connections. [ < L. li'tnes limit + rpocpy 
sustenance: originally of frontier lands set apart 
for the maintenance of the local soldiery.] 
Limna'tis nilot'ica. An African leech, sometimes 
swallowed in drinking*water. 
lim-nae'mic. Characterized by a condition of the 
blood which has resulted from marsh poisoning. 

Malaria. [< Hfxvr] marsh + aljia blood.] 
lim’no-me-phi'tis. Marsh miasm. [ < T'dixvrj marsh 
- 1 -L. mephi'tis pestilential exhalation.] 
li'mo, pi. limo'nes. = Lemon. 
li-moc-to'ni a. i. Death from hunger. 2. Limo- 
therapy. [< 7 uii 6 q hunger 4 - Kreivecv to kill.] 
lim'o-nene. =Citrene. 

lim'o-nin. A bitter, crystalline substance, C22H26O7, 
found in the seeds of the orange and lemon, 
limo'nis cor'tex*. Lemon peel, the U.S.P. name 
for the recently separated outer rind of the ripe 
fruit of Cit'rus limo'num. L. suc'cus*, lemon 
juice, the U. S. P. title of the freshly expressed 
juice of the ripe fruit of Cit'rus limo'num: anti¬ 
scorbutic and refrigerant, Acidu.m citricum*. 
Dose, 30 Cc. (i fl. oz.). 
li-mo'num. = Lemon. 

li'mo-. Pertaining to hunger: a combining form. 
[< hiioQ hunger.] li-mo-phoi'tos, Irmo-phoi-to'- 
sis, insanity or delirium due to excessive hun¬ 
ger or inanition.— li-moph'thi-sis, wasting from 
privation of food. — li-mop-so'ra, an itching 
eruption due to long privation of food.— li-mo- 
ser'ic, due to hunger.— li-mo'sis, morbid appetite; 
a disease characterized by depraved appetite.— 
li-mo-ther'a-py, the treatment of disease by ab¬ 
stinence; hungerscure; starvationscure. 
limp'ing, intermittent, Intermittent. 
lin' a-gogue. An instrument for guiding a suture. 

[< L. li'num threads- aycoydg leading.] 
lin-a-lo'a, lin-a-lo'e. A fragrant wood from Mexico, 
obtained from certain trees of the genus Bur'sera, 
and furnishing an oil used in perfumery, 
lin -a-lo'ol. A colorless, fragrant liquid, CjoHj^OH, 
the essential constituent of oil of linaloa, and oc¬ 
curring in the oils of bergamot, lavender, corian¬ 
der, and spike, acetate, an ester of 

linalool forming one of the chief constituents 
of bergamot oil; bergamiol. 
linc'tus. = Electuary. [L., fr. lin'gere to lick.] 
lin'den. is- Tilia. 

Lin'dera benzo'in. The spicesbush, a lauraceous 
shrub, having a spicy flavor, the bark of which 
is said to be antiperiodic. 


line. I. A furrow, ridge, or linear structure. L. 
of Amici, is- Krause’s membrane. L. of ascent, 
the upsstroke of a sphygmographic tracing. L. 
of demarcation, is- demarcation. L. of descent, 
the downward*sloping indented line of the pulse<» 
tracing. L. of Dobie, ^Krause’s membrane. 
L. of fixation, a line through the centre of rota¬ 
tion of the eye and an object looked at. L. of 
sight = VISUAL axis. L. spectrum, the discontin¬ 
uous spectrum of an incandescent gas, showing 
lines corresponding only to certain wave*lengths. 
IS-Absorption SPECTRUM. 2. One-twelfth of an 
inch. 

lin'e-a*, pi. lin'ece. A line or thread. L. al'ba*. 
I. The central tendinous line extending from the 
pubic bone to the ensiform cartilage. 2. An 
anterior peduncle of the pineal gland. Line® 
albican'tes, shining, whitish lines upon the abdo¬ 
men caused by pregnancy or distention by ab¬ 
dominal tumors. Line® arcua't®, the inferior 
and superior curved lines of the occipital bone. 
L. as'pera*. i. A conspicuous longitudinal ridge 
on the middle of the posterior surface of the 
femur. It gives attachment to the vasti and 
adductor muscles. 2. A narrow ridge upon the 
surface of the cerebral ventricles, caused by the 
separation of a plexus or tela. L. costosartic- 
ula'ris = cosTOsARTicuLAR LINE. L. costocla- 
vicula'ris = PARASTERNAL LINE. Line® crucia'- 
t®, the ridges upon the inner surface of the oc¬ 
cipital bone which radiate from the protuberance. 
L. directio'nis pel'vis, the axis of the pelvic canal. 
Line® Dougla'si, the rectosuterine folds. L. 
em'inens. i. A more or less prominent ridge, as 
upon the posterior surface of the patella, the an¬ 
terior surface of the body of the hyoid bone, or the 
anterior surface of the subscapular fossa. 2. = 
ReIL’s LINE. L. frOnta'lis = TEMPORAL CREST. L. 
fus'ca, pigmented line® albicantes of preg^nancy. 
L. innomina'ta= iLioPECTiNEAL line. L. inter- 
me'dia= Krause’s membrane. L. me'dia meso- 
lo'bi = CHAUSsiER’s line. L. me'dia scro'ti, the 
raph6 of the scrotum. L. ni'gra = L. fusca. L. 
obli'qua, the external oblique line. L. pap ilia'- 
ris= MAMMILLARY LINE. L. pro'mincns, the prom¬ 
ontory of the sacrum. L. quadra'ti, a ridge upon 
the posterior surface of the shaft of the femur to 
which is attached the quadratus femoris. Line® 
semiluna'res, two curved lines, one on either side 
of the linea alba, marking the outer border of the 
rectus muscle. L. splen'dens, a glistening longitu¬ 
dinal band along the middle line of the anterior 
surface of the spinal pia mater. Line® transver'- 
s®*. I. Fasciculi teretes. 2. Inscriptiones ten- 
dine®. [L.] 

lin'eal. In or relating to a line; in a direct line 
from an ancestor. 

lin'ear. Like or pertaining to a line; disposed in 
lines. L. atrophy, i. Atrophy of the papillary 
layer of the skin, causing the appearance of 
bluish=white parallel bands, as on the hips and 
thighs. 2. = Atrophia linearis. L. craniec¬ 
tomy = craniectomy. L. expansion, is- expan¬ 
sion. L. extraction, extraction of cataract through 
a simple linear incision, no flap being made. L. 
fracture, a fracttire forming a linear crack with- 
o\it displacement of fragments. L. n®vus = 
NiEVUS NERVOSUS. L. OSteotomy, OSTEOTOMY. 

lin'en. A textile fabric made of flax. 

li-ne'o-1®. Certain white lines sometimes seen on 
the female breast. 

lin'e-o-late. Marked with fine or obscure lines. 


507 


LINIMENTUM 


LINES OF JADELOT 



Lingual Glands from Tongue 
OF Cat. — a, b. The serous and 
the mucous acini containing 
respectively the granular and 
the clear cells. (Piersol.) 


lines of Jadelot. = Jadelot’s lines. Ls. of Schre- 
ger. ^ Schreger’s lines. 
ling'ism, Ling’s system. The so-called Swedish- 
movement cure and gymnastic method intro¬ 
duced by H. P. Ling (1850), a Swedish physician; 
kinesipathy. 

lin'gua*. The tongue, or a part shaped like it. L. 
dissec'ta= glossitis dissecans. L. geograph'- 
ica= LEUcoPLAciA. L. nigra= BLACK tongue, 
def. I. L. poste'rior= EPIGLOTTIS*. [L.] 
lin'gual. I. Belonging to the tongue. L. artery, i. 
A branch of the external carotid artery, which, 
after giving off the dorsal artery of the tongue 
and the sublingual, terminates as the ranine; 
arte'ria lingua'lis'^. 2. = Gustatory artery. 

L. bone, the hyoid bone. L. convolution = sub- 
calcarine CONVOLUTION. L. dclirium, delirium 
marked by the utterance of meaningless and un¬ 
connected words. 

L. fraenum = FR.^- 

NUM LINGUA. L. 
ganglion, the sub- 
maxillary gangli¬ 
on. L. lobule, the 
subcalcarine gyrus. 

L. muscle = lin- 
GUALis, def. 2. L. 
nerve. i.= Gus¬ 
tatory NERVE, 
def. I. 2. = Gus¬ 
tatory nerve, 
def. 2. 3. Branches 
of the hypoglossal 
nerve to the intrin¬ 
sic muscles of the tongue. 4. = Glossopharyn¬ 
geal NERVE. Motor 1. nerve = hypoglossal 
NERVE. L. plexus, a sympathetic plexus upon the 
lingual artery. L. saliva, saliva secreted by the 
serous glands of the tongue, as by Ebner’s gland. 
L. spasm, aphthongia. L. tonsil, a patch of lym¬ 
phoid tissue at the root of the tongue. L. vein, a 
branch of the internal jugular or facial vein which 
drains the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the 
sublingual and maxillary glands. [L. lingua'lis.] 
2. A letter sounded by the tongue, as I, n, t. 
lin-gua'le. i. The hyoid bone. 2. A craniomet- 
rical point situated at the upper end of the sym¬ 
physis of the jaw on the upper surface. [L.] 
lin-gua'lis. i. Lingual. 2. The intrinsic muscle of 
the tongue, consisting of an upper and a lower 
group of longitudinal fibres (L. superior and L. 
inferior) , transverse fibres, and vertical fibres. 
Linguat'ula. A genus of worm=like arthropods in¬ 
habiting in the mature form the nasal cavities of 
domestic animals. The larva is found in the 
liver and lungs of certain domestic animals, and 
both forms sometimes in man. [L. lingua'tus 
tongued, fr. lin'gua tongue.] f Linguatuli'dae. 
Linguet'ta lamino'sa. The lingula cerebelli. [L.] 
lin'gu-la, pi. lin'gulce. A little tongue; a latchet. 
L. cerebel'li*. a band of gray matter which ex¬ 
tends from the median lobe of the cerebellum to 
the valve of Vieussens. Lingulae of the fourth 
ventricle, narrow strips of white matter project¬ 
ing from the inner edges of the clavae. L. man- 
dib'ulae* a scale-like process on the inner surface 
of the inferior maxilla, internal to the inferior 
dental foramen. L. sphenoida'lis*, an osseous 
plate on the lower outer side of the carotid 
groove. L. of Wrisberg, the fibres connecting 
the motor and the sensory roots of the trifacial 
nerve. [L.] flin'gu-lar. 


lin'gule. = Lingula CEREBELLI*. 
lin’guo-pap-il-li'tis. Very minute, painful ulcers 
around the bases of the papillae at the margin of 
the tongue. [^Osler, Mod. Med., v, ’08.] 
Lin'hart’s mixture. An anaesthetic mixture con¬ 
taining I part of alcohol and 4 parts of chloroform. 
Li'ni fari'na. Flaxseed meal. [L.] 
lin'i-ment. i. Linen stuff or linen rags; a tent of 
cloth for a wound; LINT. 2. =Linimentum. 
lin-i-men'tum, pi. linimen'ta. A pharmaceutical 
preparation of such consistence as to render it 
conveniently applicable to the skin by gentle 
friction with the hand. L. aconi'ti et chlorofor'mi, 
the N. F. name for liniment of aconite and chlo¬ 
roform, a mixture of 9 parts of fluidextract of 
aconite. 16 parts of alcohol, 25 parts of chloro¬ 
form, and 150 parts of soap liniment. L. aFbum 
= L. TEREBINTHIN.E ACETicuM. L. ammo'niae*, 
the U. S. P. name for ammonia liniment, a prep¬ 
aration made from 350 Cc. of ammonia water, 50 
Cc. of alcohol, 570 Cc. of cottonseed oil, and 
30 Cc. of oleic acid; volatile liniment: used as a 
rubefacient. L. belladon'nae*, belladonna lini¬ 
ment, the U. S. P. name for a preparation made 
by dissolving 50 Gm. of camphor in enough fluid- 
■extract of belladonna to make 1000 Cc. L. cal'- 
cis*, lime liniment, the U. S. P. name for a 
preparation made by mixing one volume each of 
lime water and linseed oil; carron oil: very useful 
in recent burns and scalds. L. cam'phorae*, 
camphor liniment, the U. S. P. name for a prep¬ 
aration made by dissolving 200 Gm. of camphor 
in 800 Gm. of cottonseed oil: employed as an 
anodyne embrocation in sprains, bruises, rheu¬ 
matic or gouty affections of the joints, and other 
local pains. L. canthar'idis, the 1880 U. S. P. 
name for a 15% preparation of cantharis in oil 
of turpentine. L. chlorofor'mi*, “ chloroform 
liniment,” the U. S. P. name for a preparation 
made by mixing 300 Cc. of chloroform with 700 
Cc. of soap liniment: used as a local anodyne 
application. L. ex'siccans= Pick’s liniment. 
L. io'di, the N. F. name for iodine liniment, an 
alcoholic solution of 12.5% iodine, 5% potas¬ 
sium iodide, 3.5% glycerin, and 6.5% water. 
L. o'pii compos'itum, the N. F. name for com¬ 
pound liniment of opium, containing tincture of 
opium, camphor, alcohol, oil of peppermint, 
ammonia water, and oil of turpentine; Canada 
liniment. L. plum'bi subaceta'tis, the 1880 U. 
S. P. name for a mixture of 35 parts of liquor 
plumbi subacetatis and 65 of cottonseed or olive 
oil: used as a sedative application. L. sapona*- 
toscamphora'tum, the N. F. name for a campho¬ 
rated soap and ammonia liniment used as a stim¬ 
ulant anodyne and discutient; opodeldoc; opo¬ 
deldoc balsam; solid opodeldoc. L. sapo'nis*, 
soap liniment, the U. S. P. name for a prepara¬ 
tion made of dried soap, 60 Gm.; camphor, 45 
Gm.; oil of rosemary, 10 Cc.; alcohol, 725 Cc.; 
and water to make 1000 Cc.; liquid opodeldoc: 
used as an anodyne and gently rubefacient em¬ 
brocation. L. sapo'nis mol'lis*, liniment of soft 
soap, the U. S. P. name for a preparation con¬ 
taining 650 Gm. of soft soap, 20 Cc, of oil of 
lavender flowers, and sufficient alcohol to make 
1000 Cc.; formerly known as tinctura saponis 
viridis, and used in cutaneous diseases. L. sina'- 
pis compos'itum, compound liniment of mustard, 
the 1890 U. S. P. name for a preparation made 
of volatile oil of mustard, 30 Cc.; fluidextract of 
mezereum, 200 Cc.: camphor. 60 Gm.; castor oil, 




LININ 


508 


LIPO- 


150 Cc.; and alcohol, a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc.: a rubefacient and a substitute 
for sinapisms- L. terebin'thinae*. turpentine 
liniment, the U. S. P. name for a mixture of 
650 Gm. of resin cerate and 350 Gm. of oil of 
turpentine: used in the treatment of bums and 
scalds. L. terebin'thinae ace'ticum, the N. F. 
name for acetic turpentine liniment, containing 
oil of turpentine, 100 Cc.; i fresh egg; oil of 
lemon, 4 Cc.; acetic acid, 20 Cc.; and rose water, 
85 Cc.: linimentum album; Stokes’s liniment; St. 
John Long’s liniment. L. tig'lii, the N. F. name 
for croton oil liniment, a mixture of 16 Cc. 
croton oil, and 54 Cc. each of oil of cajuput and 
alcohol. L. tig'lii compos'ituin, the N. F. name 
for a mixture of i part each of croton, sassafras, 
and turpentine oils, and 2 parts of olive oil. 
li'nin. i. The parachromatin or nucleohyaloplasm 
foimd in the threads of the celLnucleus. 2. A 
white, crystalline substance found in Li'num 
cathar'ticum. [ < L. li'num thread.] 
li-ni'tis. Inflammation of the cellular tissue sur¬ 
rounding the gastric blood-vessels. Plastic 1 ., 
fibrinous infiltration of the pylorus, 
lin-o-le'ic acid. A yellow, oily substance, C18H32O2, 
occurring in various oils, as those of linseed, 
hemp, and poppy; papaveroleic acid. 
li-no'le in. A glyceride of linoleic acid in which the 
drying property of linseed oil resides, 
lin'o-nine. A proprietary compotmd emulsion of 
linseed oil. 

li-no-sper'mum. = Linum*, def. 2 . 
lin-ox'in. A substance, C32H540jj, obtained by ox¬ 
idizing linseed oil. 

lin'seed. = Linum*, def. 2. L. oil = Oleum lini*. 
L. poultice = FL.\xsEED i^ouLTicE. L. tea (/«/«'- 
sum li'ni of the B. P.), an infusion of linseed 
given as a demulcent drink in * catarrh of the 
lungs and urinary passages, 
lint, lin'te um. A soft material made by scraping 
or picking to pieces old linen cloth (Scraped 1 ., 
Picked 1 .), and used as a surgical dressing: when 
impregnated with boric acid, etc., denominated 
Antiseptic 1 . i^Charpie. [< L. li'num flax.] 
lin'tine. A proprietary absorbent cotton in thin 
sheets. 

lint'seed. = Linum*, def. 2. 

Li'num*. i. A genus of linaceous plants. 2. Lin¬ 
seed; flaxseed. The U. S. P. title of the ripe seed 
of L. usitatis'simum, or common flax: used as a 
demulcent, and in the form of meal, for poultices. 
L. cathar'ticum, purging flax, the herb of which 
is cathartic, diuretic, and anthelmintic. [L., fr. 
7 ^'ivov flax.] 

li-o-der'mi a. =Leiodermia. 
li'o-my-o'ma. = Leiomyoma. 

Ikonsfor'ceps, L.sjawed forceps. A strong-toothed 
forceps used in surgery. 



lip. I. Either of the fleshy folds surrounding the 
aperture of the mouth; labium*. L.sreading, a 
method by which deaf mutes are taught to inter¬ 
pret speech by observing the movements of the 


lips of one speaking. L.stalking, the perception 
of words, by deaf mutes, by observing the move¬ 
ments of the lips of one speaking. L. tourniquet, 
a tourniquet made of a U-shaped piece of steel, 
the arms of which are furnished with plates which 
are brought together by means of a screw. 2. 
One of the edges bounding any opening in the 
body, natural or artificial, 
lip'ac-i-dae'mi a. The presence of fatty acids in 
the blood. [< Mttoq fat + acidemia.] 
lip’ac-i-du'ri a. The presence of fatty acids in the 
urine. 

li-pae'mi a. The occurrence of globules of fat in the 
blood. L. retina'lis, an abnormally light-colored 
fimdus of the eye, caused by lipaemia. 
lip'a-nin. A mixture of 94 parts of olive oil and 
six of oleic acid: used like cod-liver oil. 
lip'a-ro-cele. A fatty tumor of the scrotum, 
lip-a-rom'pha-lus. A fatty tumor of the navel. 
lip"a-ro-scir'rhus. A scirrhous, fatty tumor, 
lip’a-ro-trich'i a. Unusual greasiness of the hair, 
lip'ase. =Steapsin. 

li-pec'to-my. The surgical removal of fat. 
li-pe'mia, li-phe'mia. =Lip^m'ia. 
lip'o-. Relating to fat: a combining form. [< 
Alttoq fat.] lip'o-cele = liparocele. — li-po'chrin, 
a yellow pigment, bleached by sunlight, obtained 
from the fat-globules of the retinal epithelium.— 
lip'o-chrome, any one of a series of fatty pig¬ 
ments found in animal tissue.— lip-o-dys'tro-phy, 
a form of fat necrosis.— lip'o-fi-bro'ma, pi. lipo- 
fibro'mata, a mixed tumor consisting of lipoma 
combined with fibroma.—^ lip" 0 -gen'e-sis, the for¬ 
mation or deposition of fat.— li-pog'e-nous, tend¬ 
ing to the production of fat; produced or devel¬ 
oped in fat.— li'poid. i. Resembling fat or oil. 
2. An unctuous body resembling a fat, but of a 
different nature, as cephalin, cerebrin, cholesterin, 
the lecithins, etc.— li-pol'y-sis, the decomposition 
or splitting up of fat. Jhp-o-lyt'ic. — li-po'ma, pi. 
lipo'mata, a tumor formed by the local hypertro¬ 
phy of the adipose tissue, as L. arbores'cens tuber- 
culo'sum, fatty degeneration of the villi and other 
processes of the synovial membranes: Cystic /., a 
lipoma containing cysts: L. fibro'sum, lipoma due 
to fibrous transformation of connective tissue: and 
L. pen'dulum, a lipoma having a pedicle. 
a-tous, -toid, as L. cancer, cancer containing many 
fat cells: L. muscular hypertrophy, pseudo hyper¬ 
trophic lipoma: L. myxoma, a myxoma containing 
a deposit of fat in its cells: L. neuritis, neuritis in 
which fatty connective-tissue fibres replace the 
completely destroyed nerve-fibres; Leyden’s neu¬ 
ritis: and L. synovitis, synovitis. — li-po-ma- 
to'sis, fatty degeneration; pathological deposit of 
fat. L. musculo'rum = pseudohypertrophic pa¬ 
ralysis. — lip'o-myx-o'ma, a myxoma containing 
adipose tissue.— lip*o-sar-co'ma, lipoma compli¬ 
cated with sarcoma.— lip'ose, li-po'sin, a fat-split¬ 
ting ferment found in the blood.— li-po'sis = 
LIPOMATOSIS. — li-pox'ysm, poisoning with fatty 
acids. 

lip'o-. Denoting lack or absence: a combining 
form. [ < XeiTTEiv to leave.] li'po-bra-chi-o'na, the 
etymologically correct form for abrachia. [T[Ro5F.] 
— li-po-me'ri a, a monster lacking one limb.— 
lip-o-phre'ni a, failure of the mental powers.— 
lip-o-psy'chi a, fainting or swooning. — li-pos'- 
to-my, atrophy of the mouth.— lip-o-thy'mi a, 
fainting or swooning.— lip-o-trich'i a, falling out 
of the hair.— li-pox'e-ny, the desertion by a para¬ 
site of its host. 



LIPPA 


509 


LIQUOR 


lip'pa. — Lippitude. 

Lip'pia. A genus of verbenaceous plants, of which 
the species L. dul'cis, grave'olens, and mexica'na 
are expectorant and demulcent. The last yields 
lip'piol, a camphor. 

lip'pi-tude. Marginal blepharitis. [<. h. lippitu'do, 
fr. lip'pus blear-eyed.] 

li-pu'ria. The presence of fat in the urine: said to 
be an indication of disease of the pancreas. 

Liq. Abbr. for liquor*. 

li-que-fac'tion. Change or conversion into liquid. 
[< L. lique're to be liquid T/a'ccre to make.] fli" 
que-fa'cient. i. Liquefying or making liquid. 
2 . An agent which produces liquefaction of solid 
deposits, li-que-fac'tive, as L. necrosis, necrosis 
in which the tissues are converted into a fluid 
mass, otherwise the process is analogous to coagu- 
lative necrosis; colliquative necrosis, 
liqueur (li-cer). A solution of sweetened alcohol 
flavored with a vegetable aromatic. [F.] 
liq'uid. I. Any body having the physical proper¬ 
ties of water. 2 . Fluid. L. air, air liquefied by 
great pressure. It appears as a bluish liquid, 
readily freezing mercury, and on standing gives 
off its nitrogen, leaving behind oxygen in a pure 
liquid state. L. bismuth = liquor bismuthi. 
L. courtsplaster, a popular term for collodium*. 
L. diet, a diet of liquids only, or of liquids and 
bread; spoon diet. L. extract (B. P.) = fluid- 
extract. L. glass, SODIUM SILICATE. L. opo- 
deldoc = LiNiMENTUM SAPONis*. L. paraflln = 
PETROLATUM LIQUIDUM*. L. pepSin = LIQUOR 
PEPSINI. L. petrOX= PETROLATUM SAPONATUM 
LIQUIDUM. L. pitch, tar. L. rennet = liquor 
SERiPARUS. [< L. li'quidus.] 

Liquidam'bar. i. A genus of hamamelidaceous 
trees. 2. The gum of Liquidam'bar styracif'lua, 
which is aromatic, stimulant, and styptic: some¬ 
times substituted for the balsams of Peru and 
Tolu and storax. 3. Compto'nia asplenifo'lia. 
L. orienta'lis. Oriental sweet gum, the source of 
styrax. [< L. li'quidus liquid -f amber.] 
liq'ui-form. Having the form or nature of a liquid. 
Liquiri'tia. = Glycyrrhiza*. 

liquor* (lai'cwor, L. li'cwor). i. A liquid: abbr. 
liq. 2. The U. S. P. title of a non-saccharine, 
aqueous solution of a chemical body which 
is not gaseous, with the exception of L. chlori 
COMPOSITUS* and L. formaldehydi*; solution. 
i^Aqua. L. ac'idi arseno'si*, solution of arse¬ 
nous acid, a mixture of 10 Gm. of arsenic trioxide, 
50 Gm. of diluted hydrochloric acid, and suffi¬ 
cient distilled water to make 1000 Cc. L. po- 
TASsii ARSENiTis*. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). L. alu'- 
mini aceta'tis and L. alu'mini ace'tico=tartra'- 
tis (N. F.), astringent, antiseptic, and disinfectant 
solutions. L. ammo'niae== AQUA AM.MONi^*. L. 
ammo'nii aceta'tis*, solution of ammonium ace¬ 
tate: a diaphoretic and diuretic mixture of 5 Gm. 
of ammonium carbonate and 100 Cc. of diluted 
acetic acid; spirit of Mindererus. Dose, 16 Cc. 
(4 fl. drs.). L. ammo'nii aceta'tis concentra'tus 
(N. F.), a solution i part of which diluted with 2 
parts of water makes L. ammonii acetatis*. L. 
ammo'nii citra'tis for'tior (N. F.). Dose, 4 Cc. 
(i fl. dr.). L. am'nii, the fluid contained within 
the amnion. L. antigermina'rus, the N. F. name 
for a solution of thymol, oil of eucalyptus, and 
oil of lavender in 80% alcohol. L. antisep'ticus*, 
antiseptic solution: a solution containing boric 
acid, benzoic acid, thymol, eucalyptol, oil of pep¬ 
permint, oil of gaultheria, oil of thyme, alcohol, 


and water. Used as an internal and external 
antiseptic. e^Listerine. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). 
L. antisep'ticus alkali'nus (N. F.), alkaline anti¬ 
septic: made from potassium bicarbonate, sodium 
benzoate, sodium borate, thymol, eucalyptol, oil 
of peppermint, oil of gaultheria, tincture of cud¬ 
bear, alcohol, glycerin, and water. L. ar'seni 
bro'midi = L. potassii arsenatis et bromidi. L. 
arsenica'lis = L. potassii arsenitis*. L. arsen'- 
ici chIor'idi = L. acidi arsenosi*. L. ar'seni et 
hydrar'gyri iod'idi*, solution of arsenous and 
mercuric iodides; Donovan’s solution, a mixture 
of I part each of arsenous iodide and red 
mercuric iodide and distilled water to make 
100 Cc.: used in various cutaneous disorders, 
especially those of venereal source. Dose, o.i 
Cc. (i^ mins.). L. au'ri et ar'seni bro'midi 
(N. F.), solution of bromide of gold and arsenic. 
Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). L. bismu'thi, the N. F. 
name for solution of bismuth, or liquid bismuth, a 
mixture of glycerite of bismuth, 2fl. ozs.; alcohol, 

2 fl. ozs.; and distilled water, 12 fl. ozs. L. bro'- 
mi, the N. F. name for a solution of i tr. oz. of 
bromine and ^ tr. oz. of potassium bromide in 4 
fl. ozs. of water; Smith’s solution of bromine. 
L. cal'cis*, lime water; solution of calcium hydrox¬ 
ide, a saturated aqueous solution of calcium 
hydrate: used as an antacid, astringent, tonic, 
and locally as a wound-dressing and in pseudo¬ 
membranous croup. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). L. 
cal'cis sulphura'tae, the N. F. name for a mixture 
of fresh slaked lime, 2 parts; sublimed sulphur, 

3 parts; and water, enough to make 12 parts; 
Vleminckx’s lotion or solution. L. carmi'ni 
(N. F.), a solution of carmine used for color¬ 
ing medicinal preparations. L. chlo'ri com- 
pos'itus*, chlorine water; aqua chlori of the 1890 
U. S. P. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). L. coccin'eus 
(N.F.), cochineal color. L. cotun'nii = Peri¬ 
lymph. L. cre'solis compos'itus*, compound solu¬ 
tion of cresol, made from cresol (50 Gm.), lin¬ 
seed oil (35 Gm.), potassium hydroxide (8 Gm.), 
and water sufficient to make 100 Gm.: used as 
an antiseptic soap, Lysol. To be diluted 
with water for external use to form ^ to 1% 
solutions. L. electropoe'icus (N.F.), a fluid for 
electric batteries. L. extrac'ti glycyrrhi'zae, the 
N. F. name for a solution of extract of licorice 
and glycerin in weak alcohol. L. fer'ri aceta'tis, 
the 1890 U. S. P. name for solution of ferric ace¬ 
tate, an aqueous solution of ferric acetate, contain¬ 
ing about 31% of the anhydrous salt, a desirable 
chalybeate. Dose, 0.12 too.bCc. (2to 10 mins.). 
L. fer'ri albumina'ti (N.F.), albuminate of iron 
solution; haematinic. Dose, 8 Cc. (120 mins.). 
L. fer'ri chlor'idi*, solution of ferric chloride, an 
aqueous solution of ferric chloride, containing 
about 29% of the salt (FeClg), corresponding to 
10% of metallic iron: used as a styptic and 
chalybeate. Dose, o.i Cc. (i^*mins.). L. fer'ri 
citra'tis, the 1890 U. S. P. name for solution of 
ferric citrate, an aqueous solution of ferric 
citrate, containing about 7.5% of metallic iron: 
used as a chalybeate. Dose, 0.3 to i Cc. (5 to 15 
mins.). L. fer'ri et ammo'nii aceta'tis*, solution 
of iron and ammonium acetate, or “ Basham’s 
mixture,” made of tincture of ferric chloride, 40 
Cc.; dilute acetic acid, 60 Cc.; solution of ammo¬ 
nium acetate, 500 Cc.; aromatic elixir, 120 Cc.; 
glycerin, 120 Cc.; water, a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc.: used as a chalybeate, especiallv 
in Bright’s disease, Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). L. 


LIQUOR 510 

fer'ri hypophosphi'tis, the N. F. name for a solu¬ 
tion of ferric hypophosphite with potassium 
citrate’ and glycerin. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). 

L. fer'ri iod'idi, the N. F. name for a solution of 
ferrous iodide of such strength that i part 
mixed with 15 parts of syrup gives a compound 
practically identical with syrupus ferri iodidi*. 

L. fer'ri nitra'tis, the 1890 U. S. P. name for solu¬ 
tion of ferric nitrate, an aqueous solution of ferric 
nitrate containing a little over 6.2% of the an¬ 
hydrous salt. It is astringent, and especially ap¬ 
plicable in chronic, non=inflammatory diarrhoeas. 
Dose, 0.5 to I Cc. (7^ to 15 mins.). L. fer'ri hy- 
drox'idi, the N. F. name for ferric hydroxide 
dissolved with just enough hydrochloric acid to 
effect its solution after several days’ standing: 
it contains about 3.5% of iron. L. fer'ri oxy- 
sulpha'tis, the N. F. name for a preparation of 
I part each of ferrous sulphate and nitric acid, 
and 4 parts of water. L. fer'ri peptona'ti (N. F.), 
solution of peptonate of iron: haematinic and 
mildly chalybeate. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). L. 
fer'ri peptona'ti cum man'gano (N. F.), solution 
of iron peptonate with manganese: haematinic 
and chalybeate. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). L. 
fer'ri persulpha'tis = L. ferri tersulphatis*. 

L. fer'ri protochlor'idi (N. F.), solution of iron 
protochloride: alterative, astringent, tonic. Dose, 
0.65 Cc. (10 mins.). L. fer'risubsulpha'tis*, solu¬ 
tion of ferric subsulphate, or “ Monsel’s solution,” 
an aqueous solution containing an amount of 
basic ferric sulphate corresponding to not less 
than 13.57% of metallic iron. Itisanondrritating 
styptic and astringent. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). 

L. fer'ri tersulpha'tis*, solution of ferric sulphate, 
an aqueous solution containing about 36% of 
normal ferric sulphate, corresponding to not less 
than 10% of metallic iron: styptic, but little 
used except for the preparation of ferric hydrate. 

L. follic'uli, the liquid which fills the cavity 
within the graafian follicle surrounding an ovum 
in the ovary. L. formaldehy'di*, solution of for¬ 
maldehyde, containing not less than 37% by 
weight of absolute formaldehyde. L. gut'taes 
per'chae, solution of gutta-percha, a solution of 
gutta-percha in chloroform: used as a protective. 

L. hydrar'gyri et potas'sii iod'idi (N. F.), solution 
of mercury and potassium iodide or Channing’s 
solution; made by dissolving 72 grs. of red 
mercury oxide and 56 grs. of potassium iodide in 
enough water to make 16 fl. ozs.: alterative and 
antisyphilitic. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.), L.hy¬ 
drar'gyri nitra'tis*, solution of mercuric nitrate, 
an aqueous solution containing about 60% of 
mercuric nitrate and 11% free nitric acid: used 
as a caustic for ulcerated surfaces. L. hypophos- 
phi'tum (N. F.), solution of hypophosphites: used 
to replace syrupus hypophosphitum* when 
sugar is to be avoided. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). 

L. h)rpophosphi'tum compos'itus (N.F.), com¬ 
pound solution of hypophosphites: it resembles 
SYRUPUS HYPOPHOSPHITUM COMPOSITUS*. Dose, 

4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). L. io'di==L. loni compositus*. 

L. io'di carbola'tus (N. F.), a mixture of com¬ 
pound solution of iodine, no mins.; carbolic 
acid, liquefied, 40 mins.; glycerin, 2^ fl. ozs.; 
water, enough to make 16 fl. ozs.; Boulton’s so¬ 
lution; French mixture: antiseptic and irritant, 

L. io'di caus'ticus (N. F.), Churchill’s iodine caus¬ 
tic, made by dissolving i tr. oz. of iodine and 2 
tr. ozs. of potassium iodide in 4 fl. ozs. of water 
L. io'di compos'itus*, compound solution of 


LIQUOR 

iodine or Lugol’s solution, a mixture of 5 parts 
of iodine, 10 of potassium iodide, and 85 of water: 
used for the same purposes as potassium iodide. 
Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.), Gram’s solution. 
L. ka'li arsenico'si = L. potassii arsenitis*. 
L. lym'phae, the liquid portion of lymph. 
L. magne'siae efferves'cens = L. magnesii sul- 
PHATis EFFERVESCENS. L. magne'sii bro'midi 
(N. F.), dilute hydrobromic acid saturated 

with magnesium carbonate. L. magne'sii car- 
bona'tis, fluid magnesia or a solution of magne¬ 
sium carbonate in carbonic acid water, con¬ 
taining about ten grains of the salt to the 
oxmce. Dose, 30 to 60 Cc. (i to 2 fl. ozs.). L. 
magne'sii citra'tis*, solution of magnesium ci¬ 
trate, an effervescing solution, containing about 
I part to 20 of magnesium carbonate converted 
into the citrate: used as a cathartic. Dose, 360 
Cc. (12 fl. ozs.). L. magne'sii sulpha'tis effer¬ 
ves'cens (N. F.), effervescent solution of mag;ne- 
sium sulphate. Dose, 360 Cc. (i 2 fl. ozs.). L. mor- 
ga'gnii, a viscid liquid found between the sub¬ 
stance of the crystalline lens and its capsule. L. 
morphi'nae citra'tis (N. F.), a 3.3% solution of 
morphine with citric acid and cochineal in weak 
alcohol. L. morphi'nae hypoder'micus (N. F.), solu¬ 
tion of morphine sulphate, or Magendie’s solution: 
16 grs. in I fl. oz. of warm distilled water. It is 
used for hypodermic injection. L. poncrea'ticus 
(N. F.), pancreatic solution, containing 128 grs. of 
pancreatin, 384 grs. of sodium bicarbonate, 4 fl. 
ozs. of glycerin, ^ fl. oz. of compound spirit of 
cardamom, ^ fl. oz. of alcohol, 120 grs. of purified 
talcum, and enough water to make 16 fl. ozs. L. 
pepsi'ni (N. F.), liquid pepsin. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. 
drs.). L. pepsi'ni aromat'icus (N. F.), aromatic so¬ 
lution of pepsin. Dose, 8 Cc. (2fl, drs.). L. phos- 
pha'tum ac'idus, the N. F. name for the filtrate 
from a mixture of bone ash and sulphuric acid. 
L. phos'phori (N. F.), a solution containing i gr. 
of phosphorus, 450 mins, of absolute alcohol, 
10 mins, of spirit of peppermint, and 2 fl. ozs. 
of glycerin; Thompson’s solution. L. pi'cis 
alkali'nus (N. F.), a solution of i part of potas¬ 
sium hydroxide, and 2 parts of tar in 5 parts 
of water. L. plum'bi subaceta'tis*, solution 
of lead subacetate, a solution containing not 
less than 25% of lead subacetate. It is an 
astringent and sedative external application. L. 
plum'bi subaceta'tis dilu'tus*, diluted solution of 
lead subacetate, or lead water. L. potas'sae, the 
1890 U. S. P. name for L. potassii hydroxidi*. 
L. potas'sae chlorina'tae (N. F.), a bleaching liquid 
similar to L. sod^ chlorinate*. L. potas'sii 
arsena'tis et bro'midi, solution of arsenate and 
bromide of potassium, the N. F. name for a 
solution containing the equivalent of 1% AsgOj. 
L. potas'sii arseni'tis*, solution of potassium arse- 
nite, or Fowler’s solution, made from 10 Gm. of 
arsenic trioxide, 20 Gm. of potassium bicarbo¬ 
nate, 30 Cc. of compound tincture of lavender, 
and enough distilled water to make 1000 Cc., the 
most convenient form for the administration of ar¬ 
senic. The arsenic is in the form of potassium 
arsenite, corresponding to 1% of arsenic trioxide. 
Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). L. potas'sii citra'tis*, 
solution of potassium citrate, a mixture contain¬ 
ing not less than 8% of anhydrous potassium ci¬ 
trate and small amounts of citric and carbonic 
acids: used as a diaphoretic and refrigerant. 
Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). L. potas'sii hydrox'idi*, 
solution of potassium hydroxide, an aqueous so- 










LISTON’S OPERATION 


LIQUORICE 511 


lution containing about 5% of potassium hy¬ 
droxide; liquor potassae of the 1890 U. S. P. 
Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.), largely diluted. L. pu'ris, 
the liquid portion of pus. L. sacchari'ni (N. F.),* 
a 7% solution of saccharin with sodium bicar¬ 
bonate in weak alcohol. L. scar'pae, the endo- 
lymph. L. serip'arus (N. F.), liquid rennet, made 
from 2 tr. ozs. of fresh calves’ rennet, 360 grs. 
of sodium chloride, 4 fl. ozs. of alcohol, and 16 
fl. ozs. of water. L. so'dae, the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for L. soon hydroxidi*. L. so'dae chlorina'tae*, 
solution of chlorinated soda, a solution contain¬ 
ing at least 2.4%, by weight, of chlorine combined 
with sodium; L. chloratae of the 1890 U. S. P.: 
used as a disinfectant and antiseptic and stimu¬ 
lant application to indolent and unhealthy sup¬ 
purating surfaces, etc., internally as an antidote 
in hydrogen sulphide poisoning and in diseases 
termed putrid or malignant. Dose, i Cc. (15 
mins.). L. so'dii arsena'tis*, solution of sodium 
arsenate, a solution corresponding to 1% of ex¬ 
siccated sodium arsenate. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). 
L. so'dii bora'tis compos'itus (N. F.) = Dobell’s 
SOLUTION. L. so'dii carbola'tis, a preparation of 
30 parts of crystallized carbolic acid and 2 parts of 
soda dissolved in 28 parts of water; phenol sodique. 
L. so'dii citra'tis (N. F.), an effervescent solution 
of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate. Dose, 8 Cc. 
(2 fl. drs.). L. so'dii citrostartra'tis efferves'cens 
(N. F.), an effervescent mixture of sodium bicar¬ 
bonate, citric and tartaric acids, syrup of citric 
acid, and water. L. so'dii hydrox'idi*, solution of 
sodium hydroxide, an aqueous solution containing 
about 5% of sodium hydroxide; L. sodae of the 
1890 U. S. P.; chiefly used as a chemical reagent. 
Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). L. so'dii olea'tis (N. 
F.), a 6 \% solution of white Castile soap; used 
in preparing oleates. L. so'dii phospha'tis com¬ 
pos'itus*, compound solution of sodium phosphate, 
a so-called 100% solution of sodium phosphate. 
Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). L. so'dii silica'tis, the 
1890 U.S.P. title of an aqueous solution of 
sodium silicate of a specific gravity of from 
1.300 to 1.400; used in making surgical dress¬ 
ings. L. strychni'nae aceta'tis (N. F.), a 0.2% 
compound solution of strychnine acetate. L. 
zin'ci chlo'ridi*, solution of zinc chloride, an 
aqueous solution of zinc chloride, containing 
about 50%, by weight, of the salt. It is a power¬ 
ful disinfectant. L. zin'ci et alu'mini compos'¬ 
itus, the N. F. name for a solution of about 20% 
each of zinc and aluminum sulphates with small 
amounts of /?-naphthol and oil of thyme. L. 
zin'ci et fer'ri compos'itus (N. F.), deodorant 
solution, a solution containing zinc sulphate, 
16 tr. ozs.; iron sulphate, 16 tr. ozs.; naphthol, 
20 grs.; oil of thyme, 60 mins.; hypophospho- 
rous acid, 120 mins.; and water, enough to make 
5 pints. L. zingib'eris (N. F.), a clear, aqueous 
solution of about 33% of fluidextract of ginger. 
[L.] 

liquorice (h'c'pr-ts). = Glycyrrhiza*. 

Lirioden'dron tulipif'era. Tulip-tree, a species of 
magnoliaceous trees, the bark of which is stim¬ 
ulant, tonic, and antiperiodic, due to the pres¬ 
ence of a bitter, aromatic alkaloid, li-ri-o-den'- 
drine. 

Lisfranc’s amputation or operation (li-frdhz). i. Am¬ 
putation of the arm in which the humerus is dis¬ 
articulated at the shoulder by transfixion, ante¬ 
rior and posterior flaps being formed by cutting 
■from within outward; Dupuytren’s operation. 



2. A tarso-metatarsal amputation. L.’s ligament, 
a strong transverse ligament running from the 
base of the second metatarsal bone to the outer 
surface of the internal 
cuneiform bone. L.’s 
tubercle, a rough emi¬ 
nence on the first rib for 
attachment of the scale¬ 
nus anticus muscle; sca¬ 
lene tubercle. 

Lisian'thus. A genus of 
tropical American gen- 
tianaceous plants, a num¬ 
ber of species of which 
are tonic and febrifuge. 

lisp'ing. A species of psel- Lisfranc’s Amputation. 
lismus, or defective enun¬ 
ciation, the surd th sound being substituted for 5 
and the vocalized th sound for z. It is some¬ 
times due to an abnormal length of tongue, or it 
may be simply an affectation of speech. [< A. S. 
wlisp.'] 

Lissauer’s angles (Its'sau-^rz). Angles in the median 
vertical plane of the skull formed by the inter¬ 
section of various lines with the radius fixus, 
or of those drawn from it to various points. 
L.’s boundary zone = boundary zone, def. 2. 
L.’s column, tract, or zone, an area of white 
fibres at the tip of the posterior gray horn of 
the cord. 

lis-sen-ceph'a-lus. Having few or slight convolu¬ 
tions upon the brain. 

[ < Afcrcrdf smooth + 
eyKe((>a?Mg brain.] 

lis-sot'ri-chous. Hav¬ 
ing smooth hair. 

lis'te-rine. The name 
of a proprietary anti¬ 
septic preparation, 
containing benzoic 
and boric acids, 
borax, thymol, euca- 
lyptol, oils of pep¬ 
permint and winter- 
green, alcohol, and 
water, Liquor 

ANTISEPTICUS. 

Lis'ter’s antiseptic. 

Mercury * zinc cya¬ 
nide, appearing as a 

white powder; at one time much used in prepara¬ 
tion of dressings. L.’s protective. = Protective, 
def. 2. [< Joseph Lister, the introducer of anti¬ 
septic surgery.] flis'ter-ism, the treatment of 
wounds according to the principles of antiseptic 
and aseptic surgery, lis'ter-ize, to make anti- 



Lord Lister, English Sur¬ 
geon, 1827- . 


septic. 

List'ing’s law. The law that when the eyeball is 
moved from the primary position, or position of 
rest, the amount of movement which it goes 
through (L e., the angle of rotation) is the same 
as if the eye were rotated about an axis perpen¬ 
dicular to the plane joining the first and second 
visual axes. L.’s plane, g^L.’s law. L.’s sche¬ 
matic eye, an optical apparatus in which there 
are two refracting surfaces, one representing 
the cornea, the other the anterior surface of 
the lens. 

Lis'ton’s operation. Excision of the upper jaw by 
means of incisions through the cheek from the 
external angular process of the frontal bone to 
the angle of the mouth, along the zygoma, and 



LITER 


512 


LITHO- 


from the nasal process of the maxilla around the 
ala of the nose and through the upper lip in the 
median line, 
li'ter. = Litre. 
lit'er-al agraphia, Agraphia. 
li-thae'mi a. A condition in which there is an excess 
of uric acid and urates in the blood. [< Lithic 
acid + aL^ia blood.] fli'thae'mic. 
lith'a-gogue. Having power to expel calculi from 
the bladder or the kidneys. [ < XtdoQ stone + ayeiv 
to carry.] 

lith'arge. A form of yellow lead oxide made by 
heating lead to the melting point and exposing 
it to the air. L. plaster = emplastrum plumbi*. 

stone + apyvpog silver: so named from 
its being obtained from an ore of lead and silver.] 
lith'ate. = Urate. 
li-thec'ta-sy. =Lithectomy, def. i. 
li-thec'to-my. i. The operation of removing calculi 
of moderate size through the urethra. 2. = 
Lithotomy. 

li-the'mia. =Lith^mia. 
lith'e-nate. = Urate. 

lith'ia. I. Lithium oxide, LioO. L. water, mineral 
water which contains lithium salts in solution, the 
amount usually being so minute as to add no 
medicinal properties to the water. 2. Lithiasis 
conjunctivae. [< TiiOo^- stone.] 
lith-i-a'sic acid. = Uric acid. 

li-thi'a -sis. The formation of a calculus, or the 
diathesis favorable to it. L. conjuncti'vae, the 
formation of hard concretions in the mouths of 
the meibomian ducts, Chalazion; hordeo¬ 
lum. [< Mdog stone.] 

lith' ic. I. Relating to lithium or to a calculus. 2. 
A medicine for calculus. L. acid = uric acid. 
L. acid diathesis = GOUTY diathesis. 
lith'ii ben'zoas*. Lithium benzoate, LiCyHjOo, a 
salt having effects similar to those of other lith¬ 
ium salts. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). L. bro'midum*, 
lithium bromide, LiBr, a salt having essentially 
the same effects as the other bromides. Dose, i 
Gm. (15 grs.). L. carbo'nas*, lithium carbonate, 
LijCOj, a salt largely used in the treatment of 
gout and lithaemia. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). L. 
cit'ras*, lithium citrate, LigCgHgO^, a salt used 
for the same purposes as the carbonate. Dose, 
0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). L. cit'ras efferves'cens*, effer¬ 
vescent lithium citrate, a granular, effervescent 
powder containing 7 parts per 100 of lithium car¬ 
bonate. Dose, 8 Gm. (120 grs.) in water. L. 
salicy'las*, lithium salicylate, LiC^HgOg, a salt 
used in gout and rheumatism. Dose, i Gm. (15 
grs.). 

lith' ines. A proprietary name for tablets represent¬ 
ing lithia water. 

lith'ium. An alkaline metal, of a silver^white 
color, softer than lead, found in mineral springs, 
in combination with other metals, and in plants: 
at.wt., 6.98; sp. gr., 0.594; symbol, Li. The lith¬ 
ium salts are used chiefly in rheumatism and 
gouty affections for their solvent power on uric 
acid. L. benzoate = LITHII benzoas*. L. bro¬ 
mide =lithii BROMiDUM*. L. carbonate or L. 
carbon'icum= LiTHii carbon as*. L. citrate = 
LITHII CITRAS*. L. citricum = LITHII CITRAS*. L. 
salicylate = LITHII salicylas*. 
lith'o-. Relating to a stone or a calculus. [< Xidog 
stone.] lith-o-bex'is, a cough attended with the 
spitting of calcareous concretions.— lith-o-cel*y- 
pho-pae'di on, a lithopaedion with calcification of 
the membranes.— lith-o-cel'y-phos, a mummified 


foetus with calcified membranes.— lith'o-ce-no'- 
sis, the removal of the fragments of a calculus 
broken in the operation of lithotrity. tlith*o-ce- 
not'ic.— lith'o-clast = lithotrite. flith-o-clas'- 
tic. lith'o-clas-ty. — lith-o-clys'mi a, litholysis by 
agents injected into the bladder, or the washing 
out of calculi.— lith*o-cys-tot'o-my = lithotomy. 
— lith‘o-cys-tu'ri a, disease of the bladder due 
to calculi.— lith’o-dec-ta'si a, lith-»-dec'ta-sy = 
LiTHECTASY. — lith*o-di-aTy-sis. i.- Litholysis. 2. 
The crushing of a calculus. flith'O-di-a-lyt'ic. — 
lith-o-dras'sic forceps, a forceps used in operation 
for stone in the bladder.— lith-o-fel'lic acid, 
lith’o-fel-lin'ic acid, an acid, CggHggO^, found in 
some kinds of bezoar.— lith'o-frac-tor = litho¬ 
trite. — lith-o-gen'e-sis, lith-o-gen'e-sy, li-thog'e- 
ny, the formation of calculi.— lith'oid, li-thoi'dal. 
Stoneslike; petrous.— lith-o-ko'nion, an instru¬ 
ment which grasps a calculus and allows of its 
being drilled.— lith'o-labe, an instrument for grap¬ 
pling and withdrawing a calculus from the blad¬ 
der, or for holding it while it is being crushed, 
especially that of Civiale. es’Civiale’s opera¬ 
tion. — lith’o-la-pax'y, the crushing of a calculus 
and removal of the fragments by irrigation.— 
li-tho'lein, a petroleum product resembling vase¬ 
line.— li-thol'o-gy, the science of calculi. — li- 
thol'y -sis, the solution of calculi in the kidney 
or the bladder. ffit^'o-lyte, an instrument for 
injecting solvents of calculi into the bladder, 
lith-o-lyt'ic. — lith’o-ma-la'ci a, the softening of 
a calculus.— li-thorn'e-ter, an instrument for de¬ 
termining the size of calculi.— lith-o-me'tra, os¬ 
sification of the uterus; a concretion within the 
uterus.— lith'o-myl, an instrument for disintegrat¬ 
ing calculi, lith-o-neph'ri a, a diseased condition 
due to calculi in the bladder, tbth’o-ne-phri'tis, 
inflammation of the kidney due to the presence 
of a calculus, lith’o-ne-phrot'o-my, the removal 
of a calculus from the kidney by operation.— 
lith-on-trip'tic, preventing the formation of cal¬ 
culi.— lith-o-pae'di um, lith-o-pe'di on, a foetus 
converted into a stony mass.— lith'- 
o-phone, an instrument for discover¬ 
ing a stone in the bladder by means 
of sound.— lith-o-plat'o-my, removal 
of a calculus through the dilated 
urethra.— lith'o-plax-y = litho- 
TRiPSY. — lith'o-pris-y, lith'o-prin-y, 
the operation of sawing through a 
calculus. flith-o-pri'on, an instru¬ 
ment for performing lithoprisy.— 
lith'o-scope, an instrument for ascer¬ 
taining the size and foim of a cal- 
cuius.— li-tho'sis = grinders’ 

DISEASE. — lith-o-thlib'ia, the crush¬ 
ing of a stone between a finger in the 
rectum or vagina and a sound in 
the bladder.— lith-o-thryp'tic, litho- 
tritic.— li-thot'o-ny, the removal of 
a vesical calculus through an arti- 
fi c i a 1 fistula which is gradually 
dilated.— lith-o-tre'sis, the drilling of 
holes in a calculus.— lith'o-trip-sy, 
the operation of crushing a vesical 
calculus, flith-o-trip'tic. lith'o-trip- Lithotrite. 
tor=LiTHOTRiTE. — Uth'o-trite, an in¬ 
strument used for crushing vesical calculi, flith'- 
o-tri-ty = LITHOTRIPSY, lith-o-trit'ic. lith-o-trit'- 
la-pax-y, lithotrity followed by syringing the 
fragments out of the bladder, lith'o-tri-tor = 
LITHOTRITE. — Uth'o-tryp-tor = lithotrite. 






LITHOTOMY 


513 


LIVER 


li-thot'o-my. The operation of cutting into an or¬ 
gan, especially the bladder, to remove a calculus; 
cystotomy. Bilateral 1., lithotomy in which both 
sides of the prostate are divided through a curved 
incision made transversely across the middle line 
of the perineum. L. bisector, an instrument for 
making the side cuts in lithotomy. Central 1., 
median lithotomy. High 1., hypogastric 1., su¬ 
prapubic LITHOTOMY. Inguinal 1., lithotomy in 
wh' -h the incision is made through the groin. 
Lateral 1., lithotomy in which the incision is to 
one side (usually the left) of the median line of 
the perineum. Median 1., lithotomy in which 
the incision is made in the median line of the 
perineum in front of the rectum; median lithot¬ 
omy; prerectal lithotomy. Mediobilateral 1., li¬ 
thotomy, performed through a median perineal 
incision, followed by section of both sides of the 
prostate; Civiale’s operation. Mediolateral 1., li¬ 
thotomy in which there is a median incision of 
the perineum and a lateral incision of the pros¬ 
tate. Perineal 1., lithotomy through a perineal 
incision. L. position = dorsosacral posture. 
Prerectal 1., median lithotomy. Rectal 1., rec¬ 
tovesical 1., lithotomy in which the incision is 
made through the rectum. Renal 1., nephroli¬ 
thotomy. L. searcher or sound, a steel sound for 
detecting the presence of a calculus in the blad¬ 
der. Suprapubic 1., lithotomy through an inci¬ 
sion above the pubis; high lithotomy; hypogastric 
lithotomy. Vaginal 1., vesicovaginal 1., lithotomy 
with the incision made through the vagina. [< 
?Jdog stone -f refiveiv to cut.] flith'o-tome, a knife 
or cutting instrument used in lithotomy: as L. 
cach^, a lithotome with a concealed blade which 
is forced out by touching a spring after the intro¬ 
duction of the instrument, li-thot'o-mist. 
lith'ous. Relating to stones or to calculi. 
lith*ox-i-du'ri a. The presence of xanthic oxide in 
the urine. [< Mdog stone + oxide +ovpov urine.] 
lith-u-re'sis. The passing of small calculi with the 
urine. [< X'ldog stone-f ovpov urine.] 
li-thu'ri a. i. The presence of an abnormal amount 
of uric acid and urates in the urine. 2. Lithaemia. 
lith’u-ror-rhce'a. =Lithuresis. 
lith'y-ol. A preparation used for skin diseases, 
li-tig'i ous insanity. A type of insanity character¬ 
ized by a marked propensity for litigation, 
lit'mus. A bluish indicator obtained from Lecano'ra, 
Roccel'la, Variola'ria, and other genera of lichens 
turned red by acids and restored by alkalies. A 
similar preparation is used as a pharmaceutical 
coloring agent under the name of persio (cudbear). 
L. milk, milk stained with litmus: used in the dif¬ 
ferential culture of bacteria. L. paper, paper im¬ 
pregnated with litmus: used in testing for acids 
and alkalies, Test=paper. [L.] 
li'tre, li'ter. The metric unit of capacity, equal to 
about 1000.12 cubic centimetres, or 2.1134 U. S. 
pints. 

Lit'ten’s sign or phenomenon, i. Whitish spots on 
the eyesground, due to septic conditions, as en¬ 
docarditis. 2. The transverse shadow seen de¬ 
scending on the lower part of the sides of the 
thorax during inspiration when the patient lies 
with his feet toward the light; diaphragm phe¬ 
nomenon: due to the separation of the dia¬ 
phragm from contact with the chest wall, and 
absent in pleuritic effusions, emphysema, etc. 

lit'ter. I. A couch or bed supported by shafts pro¬ 
jecting at each end: for carrying sick or wounded. 
2. A brood of small quadrupeds. 

33 


lit'tle brain. The cerebellum. L. pancreas, a semi¬ 
detached portion of the posterior surface of the 
head of the pancreas, which sometimes has a 
separate duct. 

Lit'tle’s disease. Spasmodic tabes of infants. L.’s 
paralysis, acute anterior poliomyelitis. 

Lit-tre’s colotomy. Inguinal colotomy. L.’s glands, 
small racemose glands in the mucous membrane 
of the spongy portion of the urethra," whose 
ducts open into the canal; glands of Morgagni. 
L.’s hernia, hernia in which only a diverticulum 
of the intestine enters the sac. L.’s operation 
or suture, a suture used in cases of intestinal 
gangrene: the lower end of the intestine is ligated, 
and the upper end joined to the inguinal ring to 
form an artificial anus, 
li-ve'do. =Livor. [L.] 



Inferior Surface of Liver. — i. Right lobe. 2. Left 
lobe. 3. Posterior margin. 4. Anterior margin. 5. 
Quadrate lobe. 6. Caudate lobe. 7. Isthmus, or cau¬ 
date process, connecting the latter with the right lobe. 
8,9. Longitudinal fissure. 10. Transverse fissure, ii. 
Portal vein. 12. Hepatic artery. 13. Common bile 
duct formed by the union of the hepatic and cystic 
ducts. 14. Gall-bladder. 15. Inferior cava. _i6. He¬ 
patic veins. 17. Round ligament. 18. Anterior part 
of the suspensory ligament. (Leidy.) 


liv'er. The largest glandular organ of the body, sit¬ 
uated principally in the right side of the abdo¬ 
men immediately beneath the diaphragm, incom¬ 



pletely divided by fissures into five lobes,— right, 
left, spigelian, caudate, and quadrate,— held in 
place by folds of the peritoneum; of a reddish- 
brown color; convex above and concave below: 





LIVERWORT 


514 


LOCAL 


it is from 25 to 30 Cm. (10 to 12 ins.) transversely, 
about 18 Cm. (7 ins.) anteroposteriorly, and 9 
Cm. (3^ ins.) at its thickest part; weight, three 
to four pounds. It is covered by peritoneum; se¬ 
cretes the BILE, forms glycogen, urea, and uric 
acid, manufactures heat, and converts poison¬ 
ous and harmful substances into inert material. 
L. of antimony = ANTiMONii sulphidum. L. 
blotches, the chloasmata of pregnancy. L.^cells, 
polygonal epithelial cells forming the substance 
of an acinus of the liver. L.sclapping, a mas¬ 
sage movement consisting in percussion of the 
liver with the palm of the hand. L.sdulness = 
HEPATIC DULNESS. L.sflukC = FaSCIOLA HEPATICA. 
L.spad, a cushion, filled with medicated sub¬ 
stances, worn over the hypogastrium for liver 
affections. L. pulse, pulsation over the region of 
the liver in tricuspid regurgitation. L. spot = 
CHLOASMA HEPATicuM. L. starch, glycogen. L.s 
sugar. I. Glycogen. 2. Levulose. L. of sul¬ 
phur =potassa SULPHURATA. 
liv'er-wort. = Hepatica. 

liv'e-tin. A protein found with lecithin in eggsyolk. 
liv'id. Leadscolored; black and blue; dark. tli- 
vid'i-ty = LivoR. 

liv'ing skeleton, Progressive muscular atro¬ 
phy. 

li'vor. A discolored condition of the surface due to 
contusion or passive congestion, whether during 
life or post mortem; lividity. [< L. live're to be 
or grow black and blue.] 

lix-iv-i-a'tion. The process of extracting a salt 
from ashes by percolation. [< h. lixiv'ium lye.] 
lix-iv'ium. Lye; the filtrate obtained by percolat¬ 
ing wood*ashes. L. caus'ticum, potash solution. 
Li-zars’s' operation. Excision of the upper jaw by 
a curved incision through the cheek, extending 
from the angle of the mouth to the malar bone. 
Lloyd’s sign. Pain in the loins on deep pressure 
when renal calculus is present, 
lo'a. FiLARIA LOA. 

load. The weight put upon muscles in studying the 
musclescurve. fload'ed, as L. tongue — fvrred. 
load'stone. = Magnet. 

loaked. Actively functionating secreting cells, 
loath'some disease. A popular term for syphilis, 
lobe. A term applied to parts of certain viscera 
more or less distinct from the rest, and to the 
lower part of the external ear; lobus*. L. of 
the corpus callosum = GYRUS FORNiCATus*. Ls. 
of the lungs, the portions into which the lungs 
are incompletely divided by fissures, there being 
two of the left and three of the right. Ls. of 
the testicle = lobi testis. [< L. lo'bus, fr. .] 
tlo'bar, as L. pneumonia^ croupous pneumonia. 
lo'bate, lobed, having lobes. In bacteriology, 
having the borders deeply undulate, as a culture. 
Lobe'lia*. i. A genus of lobeliaceous plants, a 
number of species of which have medicinal prop¬ 
erties closely allied to those of L. infla'ta. 2. 
The U. S. P. name for the dried leaves and tops 
of L. infla'ta, collected after a portion of the cap¬ 
sules have become inflated. It has emetic, anti- 
spasmodic, expectorant, and dangerous narcotic 
properties. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (74 grs.). e^Fluidex- 

TEACTUM LOBELI.E*; TINCTURA LOBELIvE*. flo- 
be-lac'rin, an acrid principle, of doubtful composi¬ 
tion and properties, from L. infla'ta. lo'be-line. i. 
The active alkaloid of L. infla'ta, obtained chiefly 
from the seeds: used especially in form ofthe^wL 
phate in asthma and spasmodic neuroses. Dose, 
0.06 Gm. (igr.). 2. A precipitate from the alco¬ 


holic tincture of lobelia. Dose, 0.016 to 0.2 Gm. 
(i 1^0 3 grs.). lo-be'lism, poisoning with lobelia, 
lo-ben'gu-lism. An affection marked by obesity 
and anaphrodisia. 

lo'bi. The plural of lobus*. L. latera'les, the 
lateral lobes of the prostate. L. medulla'res = 
RENAL PYRAMIDS. L. tes'tis, the lobedike bodies 
in the testicle, incompletely separated from each 
other, made up of two or more highly convoluted 
seminiferous tubules; lobuli testis'^. [L.] 
lo'bo-pneu-mo'ni a. Lobar pneumonia. 
lo-bo-po'di um. A lobular pseudopodium. 

Lo-bo'sa. The lowest order of rhizopod proto¬ 
zoans, having the pseudopoda short and blunt. 
Lob'stein’s cancer. A retroperitoneal sarcoma. L.’s 
disease = osteopsathyrosis. 
lob'sterstail catheter. A catheter with three joints 
at the end, like the tail of a lobster, 
lob'ule. A lobe, especially a small one; a cerebral 
convolution; lobulus*. [< L. lob'ulus, dim. of 
lo'bus lobe.] flob'u-lar, as L. pneumonia, lobar 
PNEUMONIA. lob'u-la-ted, as L. gland ra.ce- 
mose gland, lob-u-la'tion, separation into lob¬ 
ules, as Congenital L, persistence in the adult 
organ of the lobulation of fetal life, 
lobulette (lob-iu-Lt'). A diminutive lobule; an 
acinus of the lung. [F.] 

lob'u-lus*, pi. lob'uli. A lobule or lobe. ^ Lobus*. 
L. accesso'rius or anon'ymus, the quadrate lobe 
of the liver. L. cauda'tus = caudate lobe. 
Lob'uli epididym'idis, divisions of the epididymis 
made by processes of the tunica vaginalis. Lob'¬ 
uli rena'les = Ferrein’s pyramids. Lob'uli 
tes'tis* = LOBI TESTIS. [L., dim. of lo'bus \ohe.] 
lo'bus*. =Lobe. L. biven'ter = biventral lobe. 
L. cacu'minis, the portion of the superior surface 
of the cerebellum including the folium cacuminis 
and the posterior superior lobe. L. cauda'tus 
[Spige'lii]* = CAUDATE lobe. L. centra'lis = is¬ 
land OF Reil. L. cerebel'li centra'lis, the superior 
vermiform process. L. cerebel'li ma'jor, the supe¬ 
rior vermiform process, more especially the part 
between the lingula and the culmen. L. cer'ebri 
infe'rior = TEMPOROSPHENoiDAL LOBE. L. cer'ebri 
me'dius = PARIETAL lobe. L. cli'vis, a lobe of 
the cerebellum corresponding to the clivus of the 
superior vermis. L. cul'minis, a lobe of the cere¬ 
bellum corresponding to the culmen of the supe¬ 
rior vermis. L. eusta'chii== caudate lobe. L. 
falcifor'mis = FALCIFORM lobe. L. gra'cilis = 
SLENDER LOBE. L. hepat'icus poste'rior = Spige- 
Lius’s LOBE. L. infe'rior inter'nus == tonsil, def. 
2. L. intertonsilla'ris = UVULA of the cerebel¬ 
lum. L. lingua'lis, the subcalcarine gyrus. L. 
luna'tus = CRESCENTIC LOBE. L. me'dius= isth¬ 
mus PROSTAT.E*. L. ner'vi pneumogas'trici == 
FLOCCULUS. L. no'duli, the part of the inferior 
surface of the cerebellum including the nodulus 
and the flocculus. L. oper'tus, the insula of the 
brain. L. P 3 rram'idis, the part of the inferior 
surface of the cerebellum including the pyramid 
and the lobus biventralis. L. quadra'tus* = quad¬ 
rate LOBE OF THE LIVER. L. spige'lii = Spige- 
Lius’s LOBE. L. tu'beris, the nodule of the cere¬ 
bellum. L. u'vulae, the part of the inferior surface 
of the cerebellum including the uvula and the 
amygdala. L. va'gi, the cerebellar flocculus. [L.] 
lo'cal. Belonging to a place or part; limited to a 
particular place, i®- Topical. L. abscess = idio¬ 
pathic ABSCESS. L. action, that part of the 
chemical action of a galvanic battery which is 
confined to a single plate, as when impurities 


LOCATIVE NAME 


515 


LOFFLER’S BACILLUS 


present in it set up short=circuited electric action. 
L. affection, a disease confined to some particular 
part of the body. L. anaesthesia, anaesthesia of 
a limited portion of the body, as that induced by 
spraying the part with ethyl chloride or by in¬ 
stilling a 1% solution of cocaine hydrochloride 
into the eye. s^Schleich’s infiltration anes¬ 
thesia. In Bier’s intravenous anaesthesia the 
part is rendered anaemic by a bandage, and the 
veins dilated by the application of another band¬ 
age below. The blood is now let out of a vein, 
which is next washed with a salt solution, and then 
50 to 100 Cc. of a 0.5% novocaine solution, to 
which adrenalin may or may not be added, in¬ 
troduced. L. anaesthetic, m- anesthetic. L. 
asphyxia = Raynaud’s disease. L. chancre, 
chancroid. L. convulsion, spasm. L. death, 
death of a portion of the body, as in gangrene, 
necrosis, etc. L. disease, a disease which origi¬ 
nates in and remains confined to one part; topical 
disease. L. paralysis, paralysis re.stricted to a 
single muscle or group of muscles. L. symptom, 
a symptom indicative of a local disease, floxal- 
i-za'tion, the determination of the points at which 
normal functions or pathological conditions origi¬ 
nate; the process by which a general condition 
becomes localized, lo'cal-ized, as L. death = 1.0- 
CAL death: and L. galvanization, galvaniza¬ 
tion. lo'cal-i-zing, as L. symptoms. 

loc'a-tive name. A name which indicates the loca¬ 
tion of a part, as metencephalon or mid=^brain. 

lo'chia. The discharge from the genital canal 
succeeding delivery, denominated alba, cruenta, 
lactea, mucosa, rubra, and serosa, according to its 
physical properties. [< Ao;j;/a, fr. lyingsin.] 

tlo'chial. lo-chi-a'tion, lochial excretion. 

lo'chi 0 -, lo'cho-. Relating to the lochia or to 
childbirth: combining forms. lo*chi-o-ccB-li-i'tis, 
intrasabdominal inflammation due to childbirth. 

— lo‘chi-o-me'tra, the retention of the lochia 
within theuterus.— lo*chi-o-py'ra, puerperal fever. 

— lo’chi-or-rhoe'a, lo*chi-or-rha'gi a, abnormal 
discharge of the lochia.— lo-chi-os'che-sis, reten¬ 
tion of the lochia.— lo’cho-me-tri'tis, puerperal 
metritis.— lo*cho-metTO-phle-bi'tis, inflammation 
of the uterine veins after childbirth.— lo'cho=o- 
6ph-o-ri'tis, puerperal inflammation of the ova¬ 
ries.— lo’cho-per-i-to-ni'tis, malignant puerperal 
fever. 

lock hospital. A general name in Great Britain for 
a hospital for the treatment of venereal diseases. 

locked finger. Fixation of a finger in strong flexion. 
L. head = head=lock. L. jaw or lockjaw, m- 
Tetanus; trismus. L. joint, fixation of the knee 
in one position, probably due to a floating carti¬ 
lage. L. spasm, a form of writers’ cramp in 
which there is strong contraction of the hand 
followed by relaxation. 

Locke’s (solution) artificial serum. A modified 
Ringer’s solution: made of sodium chloride, 
0.9%; calcium chloride, 0.024%; potassium 
chloride, o.oi to 0.03%; and dextrose, 0.1%. 

lo 'co. A popular name for various plants of the 
Southwestern United States, especially Astrag'- 
alus mollis'simus and Oxyt'ropis lamber'ii, the eat¬ 
ing of which causes L.sdisease or L.spoisoning 
among cattle and horses. According to A. C. 
Crawford, the toxic substances of these plants are 
inorganic salts, chiefly those of barium. 

lo-co-mo'tion. The act or power of moving from 
place to place, flo-co-mo'tive, as L. pulse = 

WATERsHAMMER PULSE. lo*CO-mO-bil'i-ty. 




Early Lesions of Locomotor 
Ataxia. —Lumbar region of cord, 
h. Posteromedian root zones 
(Flechsig), slightly degenerated, 
j. Middle root zones (Flechsig), 
degenerated, g. Normal ventral 
fields. (Spiller). 


lo-co-mo'tor. Pertaining to locomotion. L. ataxia, 
a chronic disease due to degeneration and sclero¬ 
sis of the posterior columns of the spinal cord, 
and marked by lightning=like flashes of pain, 
locomotor and 
other voluntary 
incoordinations, 
loss of reflexes, 
loss of sexual 
power and de¬ 
sire, various 
visceral crises, 
incontinence of 
urine, and Ar- 
gylLRobertson 
pupil; tabes dor¬ 
salis ; posterior 
spinal sclerosis. 

It is most fre¬ 
quent in men 
between the 
ages of thirty 
and fifty. It is 
most commonly 
due to syphilis, 

but alcoholism, exposure, and spinal traumatism 
are predisposing causes. It is seldom completely 
cured. L. disease, any disease of locomotion, 
lo’co-mo-to'ri um. The motor apparatus of the 
body, al. 

loc'u-la-ment. One of the saccules of the colon, 
loc'ule, loc'u-lus, pi. loc'uli. Any small cavity or 
space, tloc'u-lar. loc'u-late. 
lo'cum te'nens. One temporarily taking the place 
of another, flo'cum ten'ant-ship (ten'an-cy). 
lo'cus, pi. lo'ci. A place; a site. L. caeru'leus*, a 
blue area in the upper part of the floor of the 
fourth ventricle on each side of the median line. 
L. cine'reus = L. ceruleus*. L. ferrugin'eus = 
L. CERULEUS*. L. lu'teus, the olfactory region 
of the nose. L. mino'ris resisten'tiae, “point of 
diminished resistance,” that portion of the body 
which is least able to resist invasion of disease. 
L. ni'ger, “black place,” a mass of dark^colored 
cerebral gray matter (its characteristic tint being 
due to the presence of deeply pigmented nerve® 
cells) inserted between the crusta and the teg¬ 
mentum of the 
crus cerebri; inter- ^ 

calatum; substan- -f 

tia nigra. L. per- ¥ 

fora'tus = PERFo- « 

RATED SPACE. L. 

ru'ber, the red 

nucleus. [L.] ■'VM 

lode'stone. Magnetic 

iron oxide. , ^ 

Loebisch’s ^ formula 

Trapp’s formula, 

Ldfider’s bacillus (lof'- 
lerz). The micro® 
organism of diph- 
theria. L.’s serum, 
blood®serum of the 
bullock (3 parts) 
and glucose bouil¬ 
lon (i part): used 

as a medium for slant®cultures. L.’s solu¬ 
tion. I. A methylene®blue stain in weak alcohol 
with a little alkali for coloring of the Bacil'lus 
diphthe'ri(E. 2. An alcoholic preparation of to- 


Friedrich A. J. Loffler, Ger¬ 
man Bacteriologist, 1852- . 




L5HLEIN’S diameter 


516 


LONSDALE’S APPARATUS 


luol and iron: a local antiseptic. L.’s suture, a 
suture used chiefly in intestinal wounds in which 
interrupted wire loops are crossed and attached 
to the wound. 

Lohlein’s diameter (lo'lainz). The distance, in the 
living subject, between the centre of the sub- 
pubic ligament and the superior anterior angle of 
the great sacrosciatic foramen, 
loe-mol'o-gy. That branch of medicine which treats 
of contagious diseases. [< Tioifiog pestilence-j- 
7 i 6 yoq treatise.] 

loe-moph-thal'mi a. Egyptian ophthalmia. 

H 6 q pestilence.] 

Loewenberg’s canal (lo'w^n-b^rcns). The portion of 
the cochlear canal above the membrane of Corti. 
Ld'wen-thal’s apparatus. A respiratory chamber in 
which radio^emanations are kept at a high level: 
used in treatment 
of gout. L.’s tract. 

The ANTERO»LAT- 
ERAL DESCENDING 
TRACT of the spi¬ 
nal cord. 

Lowe’s reagent or 
solution (lo'vez). 

A solution of bis¬ 
muth subnitrate, 
glycerin, and soda 
lye: used as a test 
for sugar in the 
urine. L.’s ring, 
a spot or ring ob¬ 
scuring the visual 
field, caused by 
the yellow spot of 
the retina. 

Lowit’s organism 

( 16 'vits). =H^mamceba leuk^mi^ magna, or 

HiEMAMCEBA. I.EUK^MI^ PARVA. 

lof'o-tol. Carbonated cod^liver oil. 
log'a-nin. A glucoside from nux vomica seeds, 
log'o-. Relating to words or speech: a combining 
form. [ < loyoq word.] log'o-di-ar-rhoe'a = log- 
ORRHCEA.— log-o-graph'ic alalia, pathological in¬ 
ability to express the thoughts in writing.— log- 
o-ma'nia. i. Voluble insanity. 2. Aphasia. — 
log"0-mon-o-ma'ni a, monomania characterized 
by great talkativeness.— log‘0-neu-ro'sis, any 
neurosis characterized by disorder of the speech. 
— lo-gop'a-thy, any disorder affecting the speech, 
especially a cerebral one.— log-o-ple'gi a*, apha¬ 
sia in which words are remembered but cannot 
be pronounced. tlog“ 0 -ple'gic.— log-or-rhoe'a, 

abnormal volubility or rapidity of speech: symp¬ 
tomatic of certain forms of insanity.— log'o- 
spasm, spasmodic utterance of words, 
log'wood. The wood of Hcsmatox'ylon campechia'- 
num. H^matoxylon*. 

-logy, a suffix indicating a science, as in biology. 
t-logic. 

loi'mos. A plague or pestilence, tloi'mic. 
loin. The portion of the back between the last dor¬ 
sal vertebra and the pelvis; lumbus*. ^ Groin. 
Lo'lium temulen'tum. Bearded or poisonous darnel, 
a species of gramineous plants found growing 
among cereals and having narcotic effects. The 
seeds yield loTi-ine, a poisonous principle. 
Lom'bar-dy leprosy. — Pellagra. 
lo'mislo'mi. In Hawaii, the native process of mas¬ 
sage. [Hawaiian.] 

Lon'don paste. Equal parts of unslaked lime and 
caustic soda: used, when moistened, as a caustic. 


long bone. A bone having a well-defined shaft 
between its extremities, round, hollow, and filled 
with yellow marrow. L. buchu, the leaves of 
Baros'ma crenula'ta and B. serraiifo'lia. Bu¬ 
chu*. L. internal lateral ligament = spheno- 

MANDIBULAR LIGAMENT. L. neUrOn = AXIS-CYL- 

iNDER. L. pepper = Piper longum. L. proc¬ 
ess = slender PROCESS. L. pulse, a pulse in 
which the primary impulse is of long duration; a 
slow pulse. L.ssight, hypermetropia ; pres¬ 
byopia. L. tapeworm = T^nia solium. L. 
thoracic nerve, the posterior thoracic nerve. 
L. thoracic vein, thoracic vein. 
lon-gev'i-ty. The condition of being long-lived; 

long life. [< L. lon'gus long + ce'vum age.] 
lon-gi-duc'tor. The adductor longus muscle, 
lon-gi-sec'tion. Longitudinal section, 
lon-gis'si-mus. The longest. L. cap'itis, thetrach- 
elomastoid muscle. L. cervi'cis coTli, the trans- 
versalis cervicis muscle. L. dor'si, a muscle of 
the back, which aids in maintaining the erect 
position; it represents the prolongation of the 
middle bundles of the spinotransversalis muscle, 
being attached to the transverse processes of the 
upper lumbar and the lower six or seven dorsal 
vertebrae, the ribs connected with the latter 
vertebrae, and the lumbar fascia. L. fem'oris = 
SARTORius. L. oc'uli, the obliquus oculi superior, 
lon-gi-tu'di-nal. Belonging to longitude or length; 
lengthwise. L. aberration, aberration. L. 
bundle = L. fasciculus. L. convolution = 
GYRUS FORNiCATUs*. Posterior 1. fasciculus, a 
bundle of nervesfibres in the pons and crus con¬ 
necting the corpora quadrigemina and the nuclei 
of the fourth and sixth nerves with the parts 
below. L. fissure, i. The interval separating 
the cerebral hemispheres. 2. The fossa longitu- 
dinalis of the liver. L. fracture, a fracture in 
which the break extends in a direction parallel 
with the long axis of the bone. L. ligament, the 
broad ligament of the liver. L. presentation, the 
presentation of either the cephalic or the pelvic 
end of the fetal ellipse; polar presentation. In¬ 
ferior 1. sinus, a venous sinus running along the 
posterior half of the lower margin of the falx 
cerebri and emptying into the straight sinus; 
sinus sagitialis inferior"^, Superior 1. sinus, a 
venous sinus along the convex margin of the falx 
cerebri, opening into the torcular herophili; sinus 
sagitialis superior*. L. suture = sagittal suture. 
[< L. longiiu'do length.] 

long'sight-ed-ness. ^ Hypermetropia ; presby¬ 
opia. 

lon'gus. Long; a term applied to a number of 
muscles. L. atlan'tis, a portion of the longus 
colli extending between the anterior tubercle of 
the atlas and those of the third, fourth, fifth, and 
sixth cervical vertebrae. L. cap'itis = rectus 
CAPITIS ANTicus MAJOR. L. col'li, a preverte- 
bral muscle extending between the atlas and the 
third dorsal vertebra, being attached to various 
parts of the intervening vertebrae. ^Longus 
ATLANTIS. L. dor'si= LONGISSIMUS DORSI. [L.] 
Lonice'ra. A genus of caprifoliaceous shrubs. L. 
pericly'menum, the common honeysuckle or wood¬ 
bine (of England), a twining shrub having as¬ 
tringent properties. L. sempervi'rens, the trum¬ 
pet honeysuckle, a United States species, whose 
fruit is eraetocathartic. [Named in honor of 
Adam Lonitzer.] 

Lons'dale’s apparatus. A posterior splint, with 
movable arms, used in treating fractured patellae. 



d 


Lowit’s Organisms.— a, b, c, d. 
Leucocytes, e. Large granular 
cell of bone-marrow, possibly 
blood- platelets. 



LOOCH 


517 


LUCID 


looch. = Electuary, L. aLbum, an emulsion of 
almonds and oil of almond. 

Loo'mis’s diarrhoea mixture. A mixture of tinc¬ 
ture of opium, ^ fi. oz.; tincture of rhubarb, ^ fl. 
oz.; compotmd tincture of catechu, i fl, oz.; oil 
of sassafras, 20 mins.; and compound tincture of 
lavender, enough to make 4 fl. ozs, 
loop of Henle. =Henle’s loop. L. suture = in¬ 
terrupted SUTURE. 

looped tubule of Henle. =Henle’s loop. 
loose ligature. A ligature applied to a vessel so 
loosely as not to interfere with the circulation. 
L. skein, the mass of irregularly arranged loops 
produced in karyokinesis by the thickening and 
segmentation of the chromatin fibres of the 
close skein, Karyokinesis. 
loose'ness. Diarrhoea. 

loph'ine. A white, crystalline substance, CgiHjgNj, 
formed by distilling amarine or hydrobenzamide, 
lo-phot'ri-chous. Denoting a variety of ciliation 
in bacteria in which there is a tuft of flagella 
at each pole. [ < Xocpog tuft + dpi^ hair.] flO" 
pho-trich'i a, lophotrichous bacteria, 
lopospas'mus choreifor'mis. Spas¬ 
modic interpolation of words, 
lor'dossco-li-o'sis. Combined lordo¬ 
sis and scoliosis. 

lor-do'sis, lor-do'ma. Curvature of 
the spinal column with the con¬ 
vexity forward. Paralytic 1., lor¬ 
dosis caused by paralysis of the 
spinal or abdominal muscles, 
flor-do'sic, lor-dot'ic, as L. pelvis. 

Lor'enz’s operation. Forcible repo¬ 
sition of a congenitally luxated 
hip without incision of skin. 

Lo-re'ta’s method or operation, i. 

The dilatation of a stricture of the pylorus from 
above through an opening in the stomach. 2. 
Treatment of aneurism by electricity, which is 
passed through a wire introduced into the sac. 
los'o-phan. Cresol iodide, CgHl3(CH3)OH, a fine, 
yellow powder, containing 80% of iodine, 
lost manhood. A quackish term for impotence. 
Los-tor'fer’s corpuscles. Granular bodies said to 
have been found in the blood of syphilitics, 
lo'ti o. = Lotion. L. adstrin'gens, the N, F, 
name for astringent lotion or Warren’s styptic, a 
mixture of sulphuric acid, 5 fl. drs.; oil of tur¬ 
pentine, 4 fl. drs.; and alcohol, 4 fl. drs. L. 
fla'va, “yellow lotion,” the N. F.name for yellow 
wash, a solution of 24 grs. of corrosive chloride 
of mercury in water, to which is added enough 
solution of lime to make 16 fl. ozs. L. ni'gra, 
the N. F. name for black lotion or black wash, a 
mixture of 64 grs. of calomel with water, to 
which is added enough solution of lime to make 
16 fl. ozs. L. plum'bi et o'pii, the N. F.name for 
lead and opium wash, a solution of 25 grs. of lead 
acetate and 48 mins, of tincture of opium, in 25 
fl. drs. of water. [L.] 

lo'tion. A medicated fluid used as an external ap¬ 
plication to a wound, bruise, sore, or swelling. 
Louis’s angina. = Ludwig’s angina. L.’s angle, 
the slightly projecting angle formed by the 
manubrium and the gladiolus of the sternum: 
a landmark for locating the second rib. 
loupe, loup. A hand lens. [F.] 
loup'ing ill. =Thorter ill. 
louse. =Pediculus. 

louse'wort. i. The genus Pedicula'ris. 2. Delphin'- 
iunt siaphisa'gria. 


lou'si-ness. The condition produced by the pres¬ 
ence of lice, Pediculation. 
lov'age. =Levisticum. 

Lo'vi’s beads. Balloon*shaped, hollow globules of 
glass, of different weights, and having figures 
scratched on their side which indicate the specific 
gravity of a fluid in which a bead remains sus¬ 
pended, neither sinking nor floating; specific* 
gravity beads. 

low fever. = Asthenic fever. L. myopia, myo¬ 
pia below two diopters. 

low'er lateral cartilages, rs-L ateral cartilages. 
L. segment, that part of the uterus which is be¬ 
low Bandl’s ring. 

low'eri tuber'culum. = Lower’s tubercle. 
low'er-ing treatment. Treatment of disease by 
measures calculated to depress functional activity. 
Low'er’s tubercle. A tubercle on the right wall of 
the right auricle of the heart, between the open* 
ings of the venae cavae. 

Lox'a bark. Cinchona pallida, or pale Peruvian bark, 
lox-ar'thron, -thrum, -thrus. The abnormal direc¬ 
tion of a joint caused neither by spasm nor by 
luxation, as in the varieties of talipes, or clubfoot. 
[< Tio^oq oblique + apdpov joint.] 
lox-au-che'nos. Having the angle formed by the 
intersection of a line uniting the inion and basion 
with the radius fixus between 14° and 26°. 
lox'ia. =Wry*neck. [< Hofoblique.] 
lox'o-. Denoting obliqueness: a combining form. 
[< Hofd(;- oblique.] lox-o-chor'dus, having the 
angle formed by the intersection of a line uniting 
the hormion and basion with the radius fixus be¬ 
tween 15.5° and 33®.— lox-o-cor'y-phus, having 
the angle formed by the intersection of a line 
uniting the lambda and bregma with the radius 
fixus between 17° and 28.5°.— lox*o-cy-e'sis, an ob¬ 
lique position of the gravid uterus.— lox*o-me- 
to'pus, having the angle formed by the intersec¬ 
tion of a line uniting the bregma and nasal point 
with the radius fixus between 43° and 47°.— lox- 
o-pis'thi us, having the angle formed by the in¬ 
tersection of a line uniting the inion and lambda 
with the radius fixus between 95® and 104°.— 
lox'o-pis-tho-cra'ni us, having the angle formed 
by the intersection of a line uniting the opisthion 
and lambda with the radius fixus between 119" 
and 130°.— lox’o-pro-so'pus, having the angle 
formed by the intersection of a line uniting the 
nasion and alveolar point with the radius fixus 
between 78.5° and 89.5°.— lox-or-rhi'nus, having 
the angle formed by a line uniting the nasion and 
subnasal point with the radius fixus between 
77.5° and 87.5°.— lox-ot'o-my, amputation by an 
oblique instead of a circular section. 
Loxopteryg'ium lorent'zi or L. sago'ti. A species of 
anacardiaceous trees furnishing red quebracho 
bark, which yields lox-o-pter'y-gine, C26H34N2O2, 
an alkaloid, 
loz'enge. = Troche. 

lu-biric'ity. Lecherousness. [< L. lu'bricus slip¬ 
pery.] 

Lu'cas’s horizontal plane. A craniometrical plane 
passing through the axes of both zygomatic 
arches. L.’s sign, abdominal distention in the 
early stages of rickets. 

lu'cid. Shining; bright; clear; limpid; mentally 
sound. L. interval, an interval between the par¬ 
oxysms of insanity, during which the mind is 
clear and the patient capable of perceiving, 
remembering, and judging like other men. [ < L 
lu'cidus, it. lux light.] t^^-cid'i-ty- 



LUCIFERASE 


518 


LUNACY 


lu-cif'e-rase. An enzyme from Pho'las dac'tylus, a 
luminiferous deep-sea mollusk, which when com¬ 
bined with lu-cif'er-in, a principle from Pho'las 
dac'tylus, emits light. 

Lucil'ia macella'ria. Screw=worm. 
lu-co-ma'nia. = Lycanthropy. 
lu-cra'ban seeds. Seeds, of an unknown source, 
used in the treatment of leprosy. 

Luc’s operation. Incision of the anterior wall of 
the frontal sinus, curetting of the cavity, and 
establishing drainage into the nose. 

Lucu'lia gratis'sima. A species of rubiaceous 
shrubs furnishing a febrifugal bark. 

Lucu'ma. A genus of sapotaceous trees, several 
species of which are astringent and antiperiodic. 
L. caini'to yields lu-cu'min, an antiperiodic and 
astringent bitter principle. Dose, 0.38 to 0.5 
Gm. (5 to 8 grs.). 

Ludwig'ia. A genus of onagraceous herbs, of 
which L. alternifo'lia bears emetic seeds, L. 
dijfu'sa is vermifuge and diaphoretic, and L. pa- 
lus'tris, or water=purslane, is astringent. 

Lud'wig’s angina. Acute septic infection of the 
throat and neck; angina ludovici; often fatal. 
L.’s angle = Louis’s angle. L.’s ganglion, a 
nerve=ganglion in the right auricle of the heart, 
lu' es. A plague or pestilence, especially syphilis. 
L. vene'rea = syphilis. [L., fr. Ti'veiv to melt 
away.] as L. mask, a form of chloas- 

matic pigmentation seen in syphilis. 

Luf'fa. A genus of cucurbitaceous plants, furnishing 
cathartic fruits. From L. csgypii'aca is derived 
vegetable sponge or towel. 

Lu-gol’s caustic. One part each of iodine and 
potassium iodide in two parts of water. L.’s so¬ 
lution = liquor lODI COMPOSITUS*. 
lum-ba'go. A painful rheumatic affection of the 
muscles of the loins and of their sheaths; neu¬ 
ralgia in the lumbar region. [< L. lum'bus loin.] 
flum-bag'i-nous. 

ium'bar. Belonging to the loins. L. abscess = 
PSOAS ABSCESS. L. arteries, branches, five on 
each side, from the back part of the aorta, op¬ 
posite the last dorsal and the upper four lumbar 
vertebrae. L. colotomy = lumbocolotomy. L. 
drainage, lumbar puncture. L. enlargement, 
^the lower enlargement of the spinal cord, begin¬ 
ning at the level of the ninth dorsal vertebra. 
L. fascia, the fascia which covers the lumbar 
muscles and is attached to the lumbar vertebrae. 
L. flexure, the anterior curve of the back in the 
lumbar region characteristic of man. L. ganglia, 
four ganglia situated along the lumbar spine. 
L. hernia, hernia of the intestine through Petit’s 
triangle; dorsal hernia. L. myalgia, lumbago. 
L. nephrectomy, nephrectomy. L. nerves, 
spinal nerves, five in number, which emerge in 
the lumbar region, and which, with the excep¬ 
tion of the fifth, unite to form the lumbar plexus. 
L. neuralgia, neuralgia of the branches of the 
lumbar plexus. L. plexus, a nervous plexus 
formed by the union of the anterior branches of 
the upper four lumbar nerves, which gives off 
the iliohypogastric, iliodnguinal, genitocrural, 
external cutaneous, anterior crural, and obtu¬ 
rator nerves. L. puncture, the withdrawal of the 
cerebrospinal fluid in the lumbar region for diag¬ 
nostic or therapeutic purposes. The needle should 
be introduced between the third and fourth, or 
between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae, 
at the level of the lower border of the spinous 
process, or opposite its lower third, and about 


I Cm. ( 1 ^ in.) from the median line. It should be 
passed somewhat upward between the sloping 
laminae, and should be continued inward toward 
the canal until, by the suddenly diminished re¬ 
sistance, it is recognized that the point of the 
needle has entered the subarachnoid space. L. 
quadrangle = TETRAGONUM lumbale. L. reflex 
= DORSAL REFLEX. L. regiOnS, ABDOMEN. L. 

vertebrae, the five ribless vertebrae between the 
thoracic and the sacral vertebrae. [< L. lumba'- 
ris, fr. lum'bus loin.] 
lum'ber-man’s itch. A form of itch, 
lum'bi. The loins. [L., pi. of lum'bus loin.] 
lum'bi-plex. The lumbar plexus, flum-bi-plex'al. 
lum'bo-. Relating to the loins; lumbar: a com¬ 
bining form. [<C L. lum'bus loin.] lum'bosab- 
dom'i-nal, relating to the loins and abdomen, as 
L. neuralgia, abdominal neuralgia in the hypogas- 
trium a little to one side of the median line.— 
lum’bosa-or'tic, relating to the lumbar portion of 
the aorta. — lum’bo-co-lot'o-my, colotomy by 
means of a lumbar opening.— lum-bo-cos'tal, 
relating to the loins and the ribs, as L. ligament, 
the anterior edge of the lumbodorsal fascia. 
lum-bo-cos'to=ab-dom'i-nal triangle, an area 
bounded by the external oblique muscle, serratus 
posticus inferior, apex of the twelfth rib, erector 
spinae, and internal oblique muscle.— lum-bo- 
dor'sal, relating to the lumbar and the dorsal 
region.— lum-bo-dyn'i a, lumbago.— lum'bo-fem- 
o-ra'lis = psoas magnus. — lum-bosil'i ac = ilio¬ 
lumbar. — lum‘bo=i-li'a-cus = psoas parvus. — 
lum-bo=in'gui-nal nerve, a branch of the genito¬ 
crural nerve to the skin of the upper part of the 
thigh.— lum’bo=o-va'ri an, connecting the loin 
and the ovaries.— lum-bo-sa'cral, relating to the 
loin and the sacrum, as L. cord, the nerve formed 
by the union of the anterior branch of the fifth 
lumbar nerve and a twig from the fourth and 
assisting in forming the sacral plexus: and L. 
ligament, a ligament extending from the trans¬ 
verse process of the last lumbar vertebra to the 
lateral surface of the base of the sacrum.— lum- 
bo-ver'te-bral index, the ratio of the posterior and 
anterior dimensions of the lumbar vertebrae, 
lum'bri-cal. Resembling the earth-worm; worm- 
shaped. [< L. /mn&W'cMs earth-worm.] 
lum-bri-ca'lis, pi. -les. One of the small muscles, 
shaped like earth-worms, of which there are four 
in each hand and each foot. Those of the hands 
extend between the tendons of the flexor digito- 
rum profundus and those of the extensor com¬ 
munis, and those of the feet between the ten¬ 
dons of the flexor longus digitorum and those of 
the extensor longus digitorum. 

Lumbri'cus. i. A genus of worms ; the earth¬ 
worm. 2. Asca'ris, Tce'nia, or any animal, 
parasite resembling an earth-worm. [L.] flum'- 
bri-cide, a medicine destructive of intestinal lum- 
brici. lum'bri-coid, resembling the earth-worm, 
lum'bus*. The loin. [L.] 

lu'men. The transverse section of a vessel or cav¬ 
ity; the pupil. [L., “light.”] 

Lu-mi-ere process. A process by which a colored 
transparency is prepared by means of specially 
acted upon starch granules stained with the three 
primary colors, [^f I. C. ’09.] 
lu-mi-nif'e-rous ether. = Ether, def. 3. 
lump'ysjaw. = Actinomycosis. 
lun'a-cy. =Insanity. [< L./w'wa the moon; from 
its supposed influence.] flu'na-tic. i. Pertaining 
to or affected with lunacy. 2. An insane person. 


LUNAR 


519 


LURA 


* lu'nar. Pertaining to the moon, and hence to sil¬ 
ver, of which the moon was the alchemical sym¬ 
bol. L. bone, the semilunar bone of the carpus. 
L. caustic, silver nitrate, Ar- 
GENTi NiTRAs Fusus*. f^u'nate, 
crescentic. [< L. lu'na the 
moon.] 

lu-na're. The semilunar bone of 
the carpus. 

Lund’s oil. An oil consisting of a 
mixture of one ounce each of 
castor oil and olive oil and one Lunate Leaf. 
drachm of carbolic acid; used 
for oiling catheters. L.’s operation, operative 
removal of the astragalus for the correction of 
talipes. 

lung. One of the two organs, contained within the 
thorax, which serve for the aeration and cooling 
of the blood and the removal of carbon dioxide 



Anterior View of Lungs. —’The chest and pleural cav¬ 
ities laid open. I. Anterior mediastinum. 2. Superior 
mediastinum. 3, 4, 5. Superior, middle, and inferior 
lobes of the right lung. 6, 7. Interlobular fissures. 
8, 9. Superior and inferior lobes of the left lung. 10. 
Interlobular fissure, ii. Notch of the left lung. 12. 
Pericardium enclosing the heart. 13. Diaphragm. 
14. Seventh rib. (Leidy.) 

and other gaseous waste products of the body; 
pulmo*. The right lung weighs in the adult 
about 22 ounces, and is incompletely divided into 
three lobes, the left weighing about 20 ounces 
and consisting of two lobes. The lungs are 
somewhat conical in shape, with their bases upon 
the diaphragm, are covered by the visceral layer 
of the pleura, being held in place by their roots, 
and are made up of a vast number of air=vesicles, 
their connecting bronchioles, bronchi, areolar tis¬ 
sue, and blood-vessels. L. catheter, a tube used 
for obtaining alveolar air for analysis. L. fever, 
croupous pneumonia. L.sgrown, having the 
pleura adherent to the lungs. L. reflex of Abrams, 
a dilatation or contraction of the lung evoked by 
cutaneous irritation of the nasal mucosa or per¬ 
cussion of the epigastrium. L.sstone, hard con¬ 
cretions formed in the smaller bronchi, 
lung'wort. =PULMONARIA. 

lu'nu-la. =Lunule. L. lachryma'lis, a bony 
crest separating the lachrymal groove from the 
antrum of Highmore. 

lu'nule. I. The crescentic white mark near the 
root of the nails of the fingers. 2. The crescen¬ 
tic edge of a cardiac semilunar valve. [< L. lu'- 
nula, dim. of lu'na the moon.] 
lu'pia. A wen; a loosely applied name for one of 
several corroding ulcerations. [< AfTreZv to pain.] 
lu'pi-form. Resembling lupus. 


lu'pine. A plant of the genus Lupi'nus. flu'pi- 
nose, resembling a lupine seed, lu-pi-no'sis, a 
fatal disease due to the use of lupine infected by 
certain fungi. 

Lupi'nus. Lupine, a genus of leguminous herbs, 
many species of which are poisonous to men and 
animals, and have diuretic, emmenagog^ue, and 
• anthelmintic properties. [< L. lu'pus wolf.] 
t lu'pi-nin, a yellowish, crystalline glucoside, 
C 29 H 320 jg, from the buds of L. al'bus, which when 
boiled with dilute acids yields lu-pig'e-nin, 
CjyHjgOg. lu'pi-nine, an alkaloid, C21H4QN2O2, 
found in L. lu'teus. lu'pi-no-tox'in, a poisonous 
proteid obtained from several species of lupines, 
lu'poid. Resembling lupus. L. sycosis = keloid 
SYCOSIS. L. ulcer, an ulceration resembling 
lupus. [< Lupus -f- d 6 oq form.] 
lu'po-tome. A cutting instrument for operating 
upon lupus. [< Lupus + rofir] cutting.] 
lu'pous. R.elating to or caused by lupus, 
lu'pu-lin. I. =Lupulinum*. 2. =Lupulite. 
3. A resinous body precipitated from tincture of 
hops. Dose, 0.065 fo 013 Gm. (i to 2 grs.). 4. 
An alkaloid assumed to exist in hops, 
lu-pu-lin'ic acid. A crystalline substance, C^gHgj- 
Oj9, obtained by decomposing lupulin with sul¬ 
phuric acid. L. glands, ts- Lupulinum*. 
lupuli'num*. Lupulin, the microscopic glandular 
trichomes separated from the fruit of the com¬ 
mon hop, Hu'mulus lu'pulus. Dose, 0.5 Gm. 
(rigrs.). 

lu'pu-lite. A bitter principle, C32HJJ3O7., obtained 
from hops. 

lu'pu-lus. = Humulus*. 

lu'pus. A disease of the skin, due to infection with 
the tubercle bacillus, in which nodules of granula¬ 
tion-tissue are deposited in the corium or mu¬ 
cous membranes and degenerate and are followed 
by atrophy or ulceration. L. anatom'icus, an¬ 
atomical tubercle. L. eiythemato'des, L. ery- 
themato'sus, a variety in which there are red, 
congested, scaly patches which atrophy or cica¬ 
trize without previous ulceration; ulerythema. 
L. erythemato'sus discre'tus, a malignant form 
of lupus erythematodes with a large number of 
patches, and accompanied by fever and pains in 
the head and bones. L. ex'edens, a form in 
which ulceration occurs. L. exfoliati'vus, a va¬ 
riety in which there is pronounced desquamation. 
L. exu'berans, a variety in which there are papil¬ 
lary or homy excrescences. L. exul'cerans, lupus 
in which the nodules become soft and ulcerative. 
L. follicula'ris dissemina'tus = L. miliaris. L. 
haemorrha'gicus, a form with bloody blebs or 
vesicles. L. lymphat'icus = lymphangioma cir¬ 
cumscriptum. L. maculo'sus, a form in which 
there are non-elevated brownish or yellowish-red 
patches. L. milia'ris, a doubtful variety, occu¬ 
pying the same situations as acne vulgaris, with 
small papules. L. nonsex'edens, a variety in 
which there is formation of scars without ulcera¬ 
tion. L. seba'ceus, a variety of lupus erythema¬ 
todes in which comedones exist which finally 
give rise to scars. L. serpigino'sus, lupus in 
which the nodules appear in circular lines. L. 
verruco'sus, lupus in which the granulations be¬ 
come hypertrophied, forming a warty-looking 
patch. L. vulga'ris, true lupus. [< L. lu'pus 
wolf.] 

lu‘pusscar-ci-no'ma. Carcinoma with true lupus, 
lu'ra. The narrowed orifice of the infundibulum of 
the brain. [L., “ mouth of a bag.”] 










LUSCHKA’S BURSA 


520 


LYMPH 


Luschka’s bursa (lush'caz), =L.’s tonsil. L.’s 
cartilage, a cartilaginous nodule in the anterior 
portion of the vocal band. L.’s gland = coccy¬ 
geal GLAND. L.’s tonsil, a mass of lymphoid 
glands on the posterior wall of the upper part of 
the pharynx between the orifices of the two 
eustachian tubes; pharynx ^tonsil; pharyngeal 
tonsil; third tonsil; tonsilla pharyngea*. L.’s 
villi, small bodies on the pia which eventually 
become pacchionian bodies, 
lus'ci-tas. The immobility of the eye in external 
strabismus. 

Lust'gar-ten’s bacillus, Bacillus of syphilis. 
Lus'tig’s injections. Preventive inoculations against 
the plague: obtained by dissolving agar-agar 
cultures of Bacil'lus pes'iis in a i% solution of 
caustic potash, precipitating the nucleo^proteids 
by weak hydrochloric or acetic acid, collecting 
the precipitate, washing it, and drying it in 
vacuo. [Tf B. M. J. Feb. lo, 1900.] 
lu'sus natu'rae. i. A monstrosity or monster. 2. 
An unimportant anomaly in the position or for¬ 
mation of organs without disturbance of func¬ 
tion: contrasted with monster. [L., a “ sport or 
freak of nature.”] 

lute. A composition for closing the junctions of 
vessels, to prevent the escape of gas or vapor in 
distillation. [< L. lu'tum clay.] 
lu-te'ic acid. A yellow, crystalline substance, 
C2oH2oO,2, found in the flowers of Euphor'bia 
cyparis'sias. [< L. lu'teus yellow.] 
lu'te in. The yellow coloring matter of the corpus 
luteum and of the yolk of egg. L. cells, cells 
containing granules of lutein, found in the rup¬ 
tured graafian follicles, to which they give a 
yellow color. They resemble certain specialized 
epithelial cells in other parts of the body, which 
elaborate secretions of one kind or another, and 
experimental evidence has tended to show that 
they produce an internal secretion which has 
an important action on the mucosa of the ute¬ 
rus in relation to its connection with the phe¬ 
nomena of menstruation and gestation. [< L. 
lu'teus yellow.] 

lu'te-o-lin. A yellow, crystalline dyestuff, CgoHj^Og, 
obtained from Genista tinctoria. 
lu'te um. Corpus LUTEUM*. [L.] 
lu'ti-din. A liquid substance, C7H9N, obtained by 
the distillation of coahtar. 

Luton’s serum (lu-t6hz). A serum for injection in 
infectious diseases, consisting of crystallized 
sodium phosphate, 5 Gm.; sodium sulphate, 10 
Gm.; and distilled water, 100 Cc. 
lu-tor'cin. =Cresorcin. 
lux-a'tion. = Dislocation. 

lux'us breathing. Breathing in excess of the needs 
of the system. L. consumption, the consumption 
of foodsmaterials over and above the real needs of 
the organism, food eaten in larger amounts than 
are necessary to maintain metabolic activity 
being broken down in large quantities by the di¬ 
gestive processes and reduced to substances which 
are not further used by the organism. This proc¬ 
ess takes place automatically, and guards against 
the effects of the absorption and assimilation of 
excessive amounts of nutrient material. [< L. 
lux'us excess.] 

Luys’s body or nucleus. = Subthalamus. 
luz. An apocryphal bone. [^N.Y.M.J. ij. ’10.] 
ly-ca-con'i-tine. An alkaloid from A coni'turn ly- 
coc'tonum: it has poisonous properties which re¬ 
semble those of curare, but is of little value. 


ly-can'thro-py. A species of insanity in which the 
patient believes himself to be a wolf and imitates 
the voice and actions of that animal. Zoan- 
THROPY, [< T^VKog wolf -f avdpoTcog man.] fly- 
can'thrope, a person afflicted with lycanthrojiy. 
ly-can-throp'ic. 

ly'ce-tol. Dimethylpiperazine tartrate: used in 
gout, rheumatism, lithiasis, etc. Dose, i to 2 
Gm. (15 to 30 grs.) per day. 
lyc'ine. An alkaloid from Ly'cium bar'barum; be¬ 
taine. 

ly-coc'to-nine. A poisonous alkaloid derived from 
lycaconitine. [< ?iVKog wolf -f- kteiveiv to kill.] 
ly-co-ma'ni a. = Lycanthropy. 

Lycoper'don. Puff-ball, a genus of fungi occurring 
as globular bodies containing a brown powder 
used as a styptic and in the treatment of ner¬ 
vous diseases. The inhaled fumes when the pow¬ 
der is burned are said to be anaesthetic, 
ly'co-pin. A resinous precipitate from the tincture 
of Ly'copus virgin'icus. It is tonic, stimulant, 
and astringent: used in diseases of the mucous 
membranes. Dose, 0.065 to 0.36 Gm. (i to 6 grs.). 
ly-co-po'dine. An alkaloid, Cg.^- 
H52N2O3, obtained from Ly- 
copo'dium clava'tum and L. 
complana'tum. 

Lycopo'dium*. i. A genus of 
lycopodiaceous plants. 2. 

The U. S. P. name for the 
spores of L. clava'tum and 
other species: used as a dust¬ 
ing powder and to prevent 
the adhering together of pills. 

L. ru'brum, a purgative spe¬ 
cies sometimes used in the 
treatment of elephantiasis. L. 
saussu'rus, an emetocathartic 
and convulsant species fur¬ 
nishing PILIGANINE. L. sela'- 
go, an emetocathartic species. Lycopodium. X 700. 
Ly'copus. A genus of labiate 

herbs, of which L. aquat'icus is bitter and astrin¬ 
gent and L. virgin'icus (buglesweed) astringent 
and haemostatic. 

ly-co-rex'i a. Wolfish hunger; bulimia, 
ly'co-rine. An alkaloid, C32H32N2O8, from Ly'coris 
radia'ta. 

lye. Teachings from wood*ashes; solution of an 
alkali, especially of potash. [< L. lix.'\ 
ly'go-sine. The sodium salt of diorthocumarketone: 

antigonorrhoeic and antiseptic in 10% solution, 
lyingsin'. The puerperal state. L. fever, puerpe¬ 
ral fever. L. hospital, a hospital for the delivery 
of pregnant women. 

lymph. I. The clear alkaline fluid, consisting prin¬ 
cipally of water, albumin, and sodium chloride, 
and containing corpuscles identical with the leu¬ 
cocytes of the blood, found in the lymphatic ves¬ 
sels; lympha*. L.scavities, large cavities, such as 
the subdural space, synovial or serous cavities 
etc., into which the smaller lymphatics of the 
vicinity open. L.schannels = L.^sinuses. L.s 
corpuscles, the corpuscular elements of lymph. 
L.sduct, the thoracic duct. L.sfollicles, spherical 
or oval masses of lymphoid tissue intimately 
connected with tfie lymphatic vessels, as in the 
tonsils or cortex of the lymphatic gland. L.s 
globules = L.scorpuscles. L.sgland= lymphat¬ 
ic GLAND. L.shearts, muscular dilatations of the 
lymphatics acting like hearts and found in many 
of the lower vertebrates, as in the frog. L.s 



LYMPHADEN 


521 


LYMPHATITIS 


node, a nodule of lymphoid tissue, either with¬ 
in (endolymphangeal) or around (perilymphangeal) 
a lymphatic vessel; noduliis lymphaticus*-. L.s 
plasma, the clear liquid of lymph in which the 
lymph=corpuscles are suspended, and which 
closely resembles bloodsplasma. L.sscrotum, dil¬ 
atation of the lymphatic vessels of the scrotum, 
observed in filariasis. Elephantiasis. L.s 
sinuses, irregularly shaped sinuses in various tis¬ 
sues and organs connecting with afferent and 
efferent lym¬ 
phatic vessels 
or the spaces 
around the 
lymphoid tis¬ 
sue in lym¬ 
phatic glands. 

L.sspaces. i. 

= L.sCAVITIES. 

2. Minute in- 
terfascicu 1 a r 
clefts contain¬ 
ing the tissues 
juices. L.stu- 
mor, lymphan¬ 
gioma. L.sva- 
rix, dilatation 
of a lymph* 
node from 
obstruction of 
the efferent 
vessel. L.sves- 
sels = L Y M - 
PHATIC VESSELS. 

2. A vehicle, generally fluid, for inoculation with 
vaccine virus, bacteria, or other products. 3. 
Plastic material formed during inflammation or 
repair of the tissues; inflammatory lymph. [ < L. 
lytn'pha water.] 

lym'pha-den. A lymphatic gland. 
lym*pha-de-nec'ta-sis. Dilatation of a lymphatic, 
lym’pha-den-hy-per'tro-phy. Hypertrophy of the 
lymphatic glands. 

lym-pha-de'ni a. Hypertrophy of lymphatic tissue, 
lym'pha-de-ni'tis. Inflammation of a lymphatic 
gland. 

lym-phad'e-noid. Resembling a lymphatic gland. 

L. tumor, lymphadenoma. 
lym'phad-e-no'ma. = Lymphoma. 
lym'phad-e-no'sis. = Hodgkin’s disease. 
lym'phae-duct. A lymphatic vessel, 
lym-phae'mi a. Lymphatic leukasmia. 
lym'pha-gogue. Promoting the formation of lymph, 
as by the injection of peptone into the iDlood* 
circulation. 

lym-phan'eu-rism. Dilatation of a lymphatic vessel, 
lym-phan'ge al nodes or nodules. Knobs of local¬ 
ized masses of adenoid tissue, consisting of 
branched nucleated corpuscles with lymphoid 
cells in the interstices; lymphatic or lymphoid 
nodes. 

lym’phan-gei-o'ma. = Lymphangioma. 
lym-phan-gei'tis, lym*phan-gi-i'tis. Inflammation 
of a lymphatic vessel. L. periuteri'na, secondary 
inflammation of the lymphatic vessels of the 
uterus, especially of the lateral and po.sterior 
surfaces, in parturients: usually of septic origin. 
lym‘phan-gi-ec'ta-sis. Enlargement of the lym¬ 
phatic vessels, sometimes endemic in the tropics, 
and often occurring in filariasis. 
lym-phan'gi-ec-toMes. = Lymphangioma circum¬ 
scriptum. 


lym-phan'gi-osen-do-the-li-o'ma. Endothelioma 
originating from lymphatic tissue. 
lym-phan*gi-o-fi-bro'ma. Fibroma arising from 
lymphatic tissue. 

lym’phan-gi-og'ra-phy. A description of the lym¬ 
phatic vessels. 

lym-phan-gi-o-i'tis. = Lymphangeitis. 
lym-phan-gi-o'ma. A tumor made up of enlarged 
and distended lymphatic vessels. L. caverno'- 
sum, a tumor similar in structure to an angioma 
cavemosum but in which the interstices are filled 
with lymph. L. circumscrip'tum, a cutaneous 
disease of early life characterized by the forma¬ 
tion of yellowish vesicles connected with the 
lymphatic vessels. L. sim'plex, a tumor consist¬ 
ing of an anastomosing net*work of very small 
and capillary lymphatic vessels. L. tubero'sum 
mul'tiplex, a cutaneous disease in which there 
are brownishsred papules or tubercles consisting 
of dilated lymphatic vessels, 
lym-pban'gi-o-my-o'ma. Myoma with involvement 
of the lymphatics. 

lym-phan-gi'on. A lymphatic vessel, 
lym-phan'gi-o-phle-bi'tis. Combined inflammation 
of lymphatic vessels and veins, 
lym-phan'gi-o-plas-ty. Plastic surgery of a lym¬ 
phatic vessel. 

lym-phan'gi-o-sar-co'ma. Combined lymphangi¬ 
oma and sarcoma. 

lym-phan-gi-ot'o-my. Dissection of the lymphatics, 
lym-phan-gi'tis. = Lymphangeitis. 
lym-pha'ri a. Lymphoid tissue, 
lym-phat'ic. i . Relating to, containing, or resem¬ 
bling lymph. 2. Phlegmatic. 3. A lymphatic 
vessel. L. anaemia, Hodgkin’s disease. L. cap¬ 
illaries, irregularly shaped tubes or cavities with 
a lining of a single layer of endothelial cells, in 
which the lymphatic vessels commence. L. cat¬ 
aract, effusion of lymph into the pupil, obstruct¬ 
ing the vision. L. conjunctivitis, conjunc¬ 
tivitis. L. duct, a duct which collects the 
lymph from the upper right side of the body and 
discharges into the right subclavian vein at its 
junction with the jugular. L. ganglion, a lym¬ 
phatic gland. L. gland, a collection of lymphoid 
tissue contained in a fibrous capsule, from which 
numerous trabeculae divide it into compartments, 
and connected with an afferent and an efferent 
lymphatic vessel. L. leucocythaemia or leukae¬ 
mia, leukaemia due to disease of the lymphatic 
glands. L. nodule = lymphangeal nodule. L. 
oedema, oedema in which the effused liquid comes 
from the lymphatic vessels. L. radicles, the 
irregular interfascicular spaces within connective 
tissue thought to open into the lymph capillaries. 
L. system, a cgllective term comprising the lym¬ 
phatic glands and the lymphatic vessels, sinuses, 
and spaces, the serous membranes, and the lac- 
teals. L. temperament, ts- temperament. L. 
tumor, a lymphoma. L. ulcer, one which has a 
secretion resembling lymph. L. varix = VARix 
LYMPHATicus. L. vessels, conduits for the con¬ 
veyance of lymph, very similar in construction 
to arteries, the larger ones provided with valves, 
which originate in a plexus, in lacunae, or by 
direct communication with the serous cavities, 
and eventually open into the thoracic duct and 
the right lymphatic trunk, 
lym-phafi-co-san'guine. Lymphatic and sanguine, 
lym'pha-tism. i. The lymphatic temperament; 

scrofula. 2. = Status lymphaticus. 
lym-pha-ti'tis. = Lymphangeitis. 



Diagrammatic Representation of 
a Lymph-nodule. — i. Medullary 
cords. 2. Efferent lymphatics 
emerging from hilum. 3. Lymph- 
sinus. 4. Capsule. 5. Trabeculae. 
6. Cortical follicle. 7. Afferent 
lymphatics. 8. Lymph-sinus. 
(Piersol.) 








LYMPHCANALICULAR 


522 


LYTTA 


lymph’can-a-lic'u-lar. Relating to the smallest or 
ultimate branches of lymphatic vessels, 
lym-phec'ta-sis. Distention with lymph, 
lym-phe'mia. =Lymph^mia. 
lym-phen*do-the-li-o'ma. ■ = Lymphangio* endo¬ 

thelioma. 

lym-pheu-rys'ma. =Lymphaneurism. 
lym'phi-duct. =Lymph^duct. 
lym-phi-za'tion. The formation of lymph, particu¬ 
larly inflammatory lymph, 
lym'pho-. Relating to the lymph: a combining 
form. [< L. lym'pha lymph.] lym'pho-blast, a 
cell having nutritive functions.— lym'pho-cele, a 
tumor containing much lymph.— lym'pho-cyte. i. 
A lymphscorpuscle. 2. A small mononuclear 
leucocyte of the blood, the term being used es¬ 
pecially for those forms having only a small 
amount of protoplasm surrounding the nucleus, 
and showing in this protoplasm a basophilic ten¬ 
dency as well marked or even better marked 
than in the nucleus itself.— lym-pho-cy-thae'mi a, 
the condition in which the number of lymph* 
corpuscles in the blood is increased, the nor¬ 
mal number being about two thousand to each 
cubic millimetre of blood.— lym-pho-cy-to'ma, 
any tumordike hyperplasia of the lymphocytes 
of the lymphatic glands, differing from a sar¬ 
coma in not metastasizing by way of the blood.— 
lym*pho-cy-to'sis, an increase of the lymphocytes 
of the blood decidedly above the norm of the 
healthy individual: often taken as an increase be¬ 
yond 3500 per cubic millimetre. (Cabot.) — lym*- 
pho-cy-to-tox'in, a bacterial toxin which has a spe¬ 
cific action on the lymphocytes.— lym-pho-der'- 
mia, disease of the lymphatics of the skin.— lym- 
phce-de'ma, oedema caused by obstruction of the 
lymphatic vessels.— lym-phog'e-nous, producing 
lymph.— lymphoglan'dula* — lymphatic gland. 

— lym'phoid, resembling lymph or the structure 

of a lymph5=organ, as L. cell, one of the cells, re¬ 
sembling a small leucocyte, found in a lymphatic 
gland: L. = lymphangeal nodule: and 

L. tissue, reticular net*work to which are attached 
endothelioid celbplates with oval nuclei and 
lymphscorpuscles within the meshes.— lym-phol'- 
o-gy, the science of the lymphatic system.— 
lym-pho'ma, a neoplasm resembling a lymphatic 
gland in structure, eis Malignant or Multiple l.= 
Hodgkin’s disease, flym-phom'a-tous.— lym’- 
pho-ma-to'sis, a condition disposing toward the 
development of lymphomata.— lym‘pho-my-e- 
lo'ma, a myeloma which involves lymphatic 
tissue.— lym'pho-myx-o'ma, a myxoma which 
involves lymphatic tissue.— lym-pho-pae'ni a, a 
diminution in the number of lymphocytes of 
the blood.— lym-phop'a-thy, any disease or dis¬ 
order of the lymphatics.— lym"pho-pro'te-ase, 
an enzyme in the large mononuclear leucocytes 
which is found to have the action of an albumin* 
destroying ferment and the power to destroy cel¬ 
lular and other formed elements in the presence 
of a weak acid: it is inactive in an alkaline me¬ 
dium, but another separate and distinct enzyme 
has been found (t^ leucoprotease) in the poly¬ 
morphonuclear neutrophiles, which likewise has 
a proteolytic activity, but shows it only when al¬ 
lowed to act in an alkaline^or neutral medium. 

— lym-phor-rha'gi a, -rhoe'a, escape of lymph 
from injured or diseased lymphatic vessels.— 
lym*pho-sar-co'ma, sarcoma with some of the 
elements found in lymphoma; sarcoma of a 
lymphatic gland.— lym-pho-sar-co-ma-to'sis, a 


morbid condition due to or associated with 
lymphosarcoma.— lym-pho'sis, the formation or 
elaboration of lymph.— lym'pho-tome, an instru¬ 
ment for excising adenoid growths.— lym’pho-tox- 
se'mi a, the status lymphaticus. 
lym-phuTi a. =Chyluria. 
lyng'wort. =Veratrum album, 

Ly'on’s apparatus, i. An apparatus for the quan¬ 
titative estimation of urea in urine. 2. A steam 
disinfecting apparatus. 

ly-pe-ma'ni a. Melancholy. [< Mttt/ sadness -f- 

MANIA.] 

lype-ro-phre'ni a. Melancholy. [< 'kv'Krjpdg sad 
+ ^prjv mind.] 

ly-po-thy'mi a. Mental grief or affliction; morbid 
despondency. [ < Aptt// sadness -1- Ovpoq mind.] 
ly'ra, lyre. A median triangular depression on the 
under part of the fornix, crossed by longitudinal, 
transverse, and oblique striae; psalterium; delta 
fornicis. 

ly-sae'mi a. Disintegration of the blood. [< 
solution -b CLifia blood.] 

lys'a-tine. A substance, CgHjaNgOg, homologous 
with creatine, formed by treating casein with 
tin chloride and hydrochloric acid. [ < Meiv to 
loose.] 

ly-sat'i-nine. A substance, CgHj^NgO^, obtained 
along with lysatine from casein, 
lys'i-din. A monatomic base derived from ethylene 
diamine; methylglyoxalidine: used in uric*acid 
diathesis. 

Lysimach'ia. Loose*strife, a genus of primulaceous 
plants with slight medicinal properties. [< Tivai^ 
release -f- paxv strife.] 

ly-sim'e-ter. A device for ascertaining the amount 
of water which percolates through the soil at any 
given place. [ < Tivgl^ solution + fierpov measure.] 
ly'sin. A bacterial or other immunity*product de¬ 
structive to cells or alexins. tly“Sin.'o-gen. 
ly'sine. One of the hexone bases, osesdiaminoca- 
proic acid. 

lys-i-no'sis. Pulmonary disease caused by inhala¬ 
tion of cotton fibres. [< "kvaig a loosening, a 
ravelling.] 

ly'sis. The gradual decline of any disease, espe¬ 
cially of fever: contrasted with crisis. 

-lysis. A suffix indicating the act of solution; disin¬ 
tegration; dissolution: as in hemolysis. 
ly'so-form. A germicide composed of formol and 
soap in 2% solution: used as an injection for the 
preservation of dead bodies, 
ly'so-gen. One of the attached or free celDrecep- 
tors forming a lysin. fly-so-gen'ic. 
ly'sol. A preparation made from cresols by saponi¬ 
fication. It is a disinfectant and an antiseptic. 
It is used as a disinfectant in i to 3% solution, 
as an antiseptic in 1% solution, 
lys'sa. =Rabies; hydrophobia. [</Imaa rage 
or madness.] flys'sic. lys'soid. 
lys'sin. i. The infectious agent of hydrophobia. 2. 
The homoeopathic preparation alleged to contain 
this principle. [< L. lys'sa madness.] 
lys-so-pho'bi a. Morbid fear of lyssa: a hysterical 
hypochondriasis sometimes closely simulating 
hydrophobia for a time and often confounded 
with it, but never ending fatally, 
ly-te^rian* Relating to lysis; effecting a gradual 
ending of a disease. [< Xvrijpiog delivering.] 
L 3 rt'ta. A genus of coleopterous insects. L. vesi- 
cato'ria = CANTHARis vesicatoria. L. vitta'ta, 
the potato*fly, having properties similar to those 
of cantharides. [< Avrrdv to rage.] 


• 523 


MACRENCRANUS 


in. 


M 


TTL. Symbol for minim. 

H. Symbol for micron; but fig. is a mugramme, or 
micro milligramme. [Gr. letter mu.'\ 
lifi. Symbol for micromillimetre. 

M. Abbr. for manip'ulus, handful; mensu'ra, by 
measure; meta- (in the names of chemical 
substances); metre; micron; mil'le, thousand 
(as a numeral); minim; minimum; misce, mix (at 
the end of a formula); mistura, mixture; molar; 
mus'cuius, muscle; myopia; strength of pole. 
M.+ Am. Abbr. for compound myopic astigmatism. 
M.D. Abbr. for Doc'tor medici'ncB, doctor of medi¬ 
cine; a graduate of a medical college legally au¬ 
thorized to confer the degree. 

M. ft. Abbr. for L. mistu'ra fi'ai, let a mixture be 
made. 

M.l. Abbr. for macula lutea. 

M.L.A. Abbr. for left mentosanterior position of 
the foetus. 

M.L.P. Abbr. for left mento=posterior position of 
the foetus. 

M.t. Abbr. for membrana tympani*. 

Ma. An abbreviation for milliampere. 

-ma. &- -oMA. 

Mac. An abbreviation for ma'cera, macerate. 
Maca'co worm. The larva of a bot=fly, Derma- 
to'bia noxia'lis, of South America, which burrows 
under the skin of men and animals. 

Maca^cus cynomol'gus. A variety of ape susceptible 
to inoculation with the Treponema pallidum. 
ma-cal'line. An amorphous alkaloid from macallo* 
bark of Yucatan: used like quinine. 

McBur'ney’s operation for appendicitis consists in 
an incision about four inches long, parallel with 
the fibres of the external oblique, about one inch 
from the anterior superior spine of the ilium, 
crossing a line drawn from it to the umbilicus 
nearly at right angles, one^third of the incision 
being above this line. The external oblique fibres 
are divided in the line of the skin incision, and the 
internal oblique and transversalis fibres parted in 
a direction nearly at right angles to those of this 
muscle. An. S. ’94.] McB.’s point or spot, a 
hypersensitive point in appendicitis, correspond¬ 
ing to the normal position of the appendix, 5 to 
7.5 cm. (2 to 3 ins.) toward the median line from 
the right anterior superior spine of the ilium. 
Ks-M orris’s point. 

McClin'tock’s rule. When the pulse of a parturient 
woman exceeds 100, look for postpartum hem¬ 
orrhage. 

McDow'ell’s operation. Abdominal ovariotomy. 
Macdow'el’s fraenum. Accessory fibres strengthen¬ 
ing the intermuscular septum of the front of the 
arm, and attached to the tendon of the pectoralis. 
mace. A thin, fiat, membranous substance which 
envelops the nutmeg, ts- Camphor of mace ; ma- 
cene; macis; oleum myristic^*. [< L. ma'cis^ 
ma'cene. A terpene, CjoH^g, found in oleum 
MYRiSTiCvE*: used as a flavor, 
mac-er-a'tion. i. The act of steeping a substance 
in hot or cold water, usually to extract its virtues. 
2. The process of making or becoming thin or 
lean. 3. ]\Jorbid softening of the tissues of the 
foetus in utero. 4. The removal of certain parts 


of organic tissues by soaking them in some liquid 
in order to study the portions not acted upon. 
[ < L. macera're to soften by steeping.] fmac'er- 
ate. mac'er-a-tive. mac'er-a-tor. macer-a'tum. 
Mac-ev/'en’s operation, i. Division of the tibia and 
fibula with an osteotome for the correction of 
bowsleg. 2. Treatment of aneurism by piercing 
it with a long pin and irritating its inner surface^ 
3. An operation for the radical cure of inguinal 
hernia, by dissecting the sac, folding it into a pad 
which is fastened within the internal ring, and 
closing the canal by sutures. 4. Division of the 
shaft of the femur just above the condyles on 
the inner side for genu valgum. M.’s symptom, 
the auscultatory sounds elicited on percussion 
of the skull in certain pathological states, as 
tumors. M.’s triangle or space, a triangle 
bounded by the upper half of the posterior wall 
of the external meatus of the ear, the supra- 
mastoid crest, and an imaginary base-line 
dropped from the latter at the level of the pos¬ 
terior wall of the external meatus; supramental 
triangle: a favorite spot for trephining in abscess 
of the brain from otitis. 

McGraw’s elastic ligature. A form of intestinal 
ligature used to replace Murphy’s button. 
michonnement (ma-shon-moh). An involuntary 
chewing motion of the jaws seen in certain 
cerebral diseases, fever, and teething children. 
[F., fr. L. mastica're to chew.] 
ma'cies. Wasting, atrophy, or emaciation, espe¬ 
cially of the fat. ^ Tabes. [L.] 
ma'cis. Mace, the 1890 U. S. P. name for the 
arillode or envelope of the fruit of Myris'tica 
fra'grans. It is aromatic, and possesses prop¬ 
erties essentially like those of nutmeg. [L.] 
Mack-ay' bean. The poisonous seed of Enta'da 
scan'dens, a climbing plant of Australia. 
Mack'intosh cloth. Cotton cloth on one side of 
which a thin film of india-rubber has been 
spread: used in surgical dressings, 
mac-lay'in. A glucoside of Bas'sia maclaya'na, 
possessing local irritating properties. 

McLeod’s' capsular rheumatism. Rheumatoid ar¬ 
thritis in which there is effusion into the syn¬ 
ovial capsules, bursae, and sheaths, 
mac-ley'ine. Chelerythrine. Chelidonium. 
mac-lu'rin. A yellowish, crystalline dye, ^ 13 ^ 10 ^ 6 * 
found in fustic; morintannic acid, 
mac-rad'e-nous. Having enlarged glands. [< 
fiaKpdg large + ddrjv gland.] 
mac-ran'trus. A skull in which a vertical line let 
fall from the torus frontalis to the radius 
Fixus is from 4 to 9 mm. (^ to i in.) in front 
of one from the nasion. [< fiaKpog large - 1 - 
avTpov cave.] 

mac-ren-ce-pha'li a, mac-ren-ceph'a-ly. A term 
for a skull in which the angle between the lines 
from the hormion to the nasion and the inion 
respectively is between 156.5° and 170°. [< 

fiaapo^ large + kyKe(j)a}[.og brain.] fmacren-ce- 
phal'ic. mac-ren-ceph'a-lus. 
mac-ren-cra'nus. A term for a skull in which 
the CEREBELLAR SECTOR is from 20° to 27.5°. 

[ < fiaupdg large + hv in -f Kpaviov skull.] 


MACRO- 


524 • 


MACULA 


mac'ro-. Denoting exceptionally large size; long; 
great: a combining form, Mega-; megalo- ; 
MICRO-. [< fxaKp6g great; long.] macTO-aes-the'- 
si a, a state of mind in which all things ap¬ 
pear larger than they are. — mac*ro-an-gei-o'sis, 
-gi-o'sis, a congenital excess of calibre in the 
blood-vessels of a part. — macTo-bi-o'sis, -bi-o'- 
tia, a long life; longevity. fniacTO-bi-ot'ic. 
—mac'ro-blast = macrocyte. — mac-ro-car'pine, 
the alkaloid thalictrine. — mac-ro-cel'lu-lar 
sarcoma = giant-celled sarcoma. — mac*ro-ce- 
pba'lia,-ceph'a-ly, -ceph'a-lus, an organic devia¬ 
tion characterized by excessive size of the head, 
the enlargement of the skull usually being due 
, to chronic hydrocephalus, Microcephalia; 
cephalonia. fni^cTO-ce-phal'ic, -ceph'a-lous. 

— mac-ro-chas'mus, a skull in which the angle 
between lines from the wing of the vomer to the 
posterior nasal spine and the anterior edge of 
the foramen magnum is between 94° and 114°.— 
mac-ro-chei'li a, -chei'ly, -che'lia, -che'ly, abnor¬ 
mal enlargement or thickening of a lip or of the 
lips: seen in cretinism, lymphangioma, etc., and 
normally in certain negro races. m- Labium 
DUPLEX ; lymphangiectasis. — mac-ro-chei'ri a, 
-chi'ria, abnormal enlargement of the hands, as 
in acromegaly. — mac-ro-chem'is-try, chemistry 
the reactions of which are observed with the 
naked eye. Microchemistry, fmac-ro-chem'- 
ic-al. — mac-ro-coc'cus, an unusually large coccus. 

— mac'ro-co-ly, increased length of the colon. 

— mac-ro-cor'ne a = keratoglobus. — mac'ro- 
cosm, MICROCOSM. — mac'ro-cyst, a large cyst. 

— mac-ro-cy'tase, a cytase capable of dissolving 
red blood-cells.— mac'ro-cyte. i. A giant-cell, 
especially the large red blood-cell (9 to 13/^, 

'to 1477 diameter) in pernicious anae¬ 

mia. 2. A myeloplax; osteoclast; megaloblast. 

— macTO-cy-thae'mi a, that condition in which 
enlarged red blood-corpuscles appear in the blood. 

— macTO-cy-to'sis, the formation of macrocytes. 

— macTo-dac-tyl'i a, -dac'ty-ly, abnormal size of 
the fingers, fniac-ro-dac'ty-lous. -dac'ty-lism. 
-dac'ty-lus. — mac'ro-dont, having large teeth, 
their nasal index exceeding 44°: fnis^c-ro-don' 
ti a. — mac*ro-es-the'si a = macro^sthesia. — 
mac-ro-gam'ete, the large, female gamete. — 
macTo-gam'e-to-cyte, the female gametocyte. — 
ma-cro-gen'e-sy = gigantism. — mac-ro-glos'sa, 
-glos'si a, -glos'sy, -glos'sus, congenital hyper¬ 
trophy of the tongue (which may even project 
from the mouth), often due to cavernous lymph¬ 
angioma. ts- Lymphangiectasis. M. neuro- 
fibromato'sa, neurofibromatosis of the nerves of 
the tongue.— mac-ro-gna'thic, having unduly 
large jaws.— macTO-go-nid'i a, the large round 
(not long) ZOOSPORES of algas.— mac-ro-ma'ni a. 
I. The delirious fancy or sensation that sur¬ 
rounding objects are larger than they really 
are. 2. Delirium of grandeur. fmacTO-ma-ni'a- 
cal, as M. delirium. — mac-ro-mas'ti a, -ma'zia, 
increased size of the breast.— mac-ro-me'li a, 
excessive development of some part in a foetus, 
fma-crorn'e-lus. — mac'ro-mere, a large blasto- 
MERE. — mac-ro-my'e-lon, the medulla oblongata. 
tmacTo-my-e-lon'^, as M. canal, the central 
canal of the spinal cord.— mac-ro-no'si a, pro¬ 
tracted illness. — mac-ro-nu'cle-us, a nucleus 
divisible into or replaceable by two or more 
smaller nuclei.— mac-ro-nych'i a, abnormal length 
of the nails, fniac-ron'y-chous. — macTO-pan- 
en-ceph'a-lus, a skull in which the angle between 


lines from the iiORMioN^to the nasion and 
basion is between 185.5® and 206®.— mac*ro- 
path-ol'o-gy = gross pathology. — mac'ro- 
phage, ma-croph'a-gus, mac-ro-phag'o-cyte, a 
large phagocyte; a large tissue-cell or leucocyte 
that has the property of ingesting and destroy¬ 
ing micro-organisms and other tissues; the fused 
emigrated leucocytes of Metchnikoff. Op¬ 
sonic INDEX.— mac-ro-phalTic, having a long 
or large penis, f mac-ro-phalTus. — mac-ro-pho'- 
to-graph, an enlarged photograph.— mac-roph- 
thal'mus, a congenital excess in the size of the eye. 
tmac-roph-thaTmous.— mac-ro-pla'si a, -pla'sy, 
excessive development of a part of the body. 
— mac-ro-po'di a, ma-crop'o-dus, abnormal con¬ 
genital enlargement of the foot or parts of the 
foot; pes gigas.— macTO-pro-so'pia, -pro-so'pus, 
the condition of having an abnormally large face. 
— ma-crop'sia, -crop'sy, a perverted visual sen¬ 
sation due to a functional disturbance of the 
accommodation muscles of the eye, in which ob¬ 
jects looked at seem larger than they should; 
megalopsia. fs- Micropsia. — mac-ro-rWn'i a, ex¬ 
cessive enlargement of the nose: either congeni¬ 
tal or as in rhinophyma. — mac-ro-sceTi a, an 
organic deviation characterized by excessive de¬ 
velopment of the legs.— ma-cros'co-py, the visual 
examination of an object without the aid of a 
magnifying glass or microscope, fmac-ro-scop'i- 
cal, as M. lesion, an organic lesion which may be 
seen with the naked eye, as a tumor, a discharge, 
etc.; coarse lesion; molar lesion.— mac'ro-seme, 
having the orbital index more than 89°. — ma¬ 
cro's! a, -sis, increase of bulk or weight; augmen¬ 
tation ; elongation.— mac-ros-mat'ic, acuteness of 
the sense of smell.— macTo-so-ma'ti a, -so'mi a, 
-so'my, a monstrosity characterized by greatness 
of the entire body. Acromegalia, fniac-ro- 
so'ma-tous. — ma-cros'to-ma, -sto'mi a, excessive 
size of the mouth, due to congenital fissure at 
either or both of the commissures; fissu'ra bucca'- 
lis transversa'lis. ts- Meloschisis. — ma-cro'ti a, 
abnormal size of the external ear.— mac'ro-tome, 
a cutting machine by which large sections of a 
tissue are made for anatomical or pathological 
study, as that of Gudden.— mac'ro-tin, -tyn. i. A 
proprietary remedy. 2. =Cimicifugin. [T[A.’o5.] 
mac'u-la*, pi. -Ice. Macule; a spot or stain, espe¬ 
cially a discolored area of the skin due to disease, 
but which is not ordinarily elevated. It may be 
caused by a burn, old hemorrhage, pregnancy, 
eczema, syphilis, psoriasis, etc. Papule ; 
KELis. Mac'ulae acus'ticae*, acoustic spots of 
the membranous labyrinth. They are the M. 
acus'tica sac'culi*, acoustic spot of saccule, an 
area of highly specialized epithelium on the 
medial anterior surface of the saccule, in which 
the fibres of the nervus saccularis terminate, 
and the M. acus'tica utric'uli’^, acoustic spot of 
utricle, a similar area in which the nervus 
utricularis ends. M. arcua'ta = arcus senilis. 
Mac'ulae atroph'icae, white scar-like patches on 
the skin, caused by atrophy. M. au'rea= m. 
LUTEA. Mac'ulae caeru'leae, a variety of bluish 
discoloration of the skin seen at times in pedic¬ 
ulosis, typhoid fever, etc.: French writers con¬ 
sider it a mark of tuberculosis. O. ’06.] M. 
cor'neae, an opacity of the cornea intermediary 
between a nubecula and a leucoma. Mac'ulae 
cribro'sae*, the perforated areas on the inner 
wall of the vestibule of the ear, furnishing pas¬ 
sage for the filaments of the auditory nerve. 


MACULE 


525 


MAGNESII 


They include the M. cribrosa inferior* or Fora'- 
men singula're for branches to the posterior 
semicircular canal; the M. cribrosa media* for 
branches to the saccule; the M. cribrosa supe¬ 
rior* for branches to the utricle and the superior 
and external semicircular canals; and the M. 
cribro'sa quar'ta or Spiral cribriform tract, for the 
cochlear branch. M. fla'va*. i. The yellow spot 
at the anterior end of the true vocal cord. 2. = 
Macula lutea*. M. follic'uli, the ruptural spot 
of a graafian follicle. M. germinati'va, ger¬ 
minal VESICLE. M. gonorrhce'ica = Sanger’s 
MACULA. Mac'ulae hepat'icae = chloasma he- 
PATicuM. M. lu'tea*, yellow spot of the retina, 
a circular pigmented area near the posterior pole 
of the retina, containing a central depression, the 
fovea centralis, which is the point of most acute 
vision; macula aurea; macula flava; limbus 
luteus; spot of Soemmering. M. mat'ricis = 
N^vus MATERNus. M. sola'ris, a freckle. M. 
syphilit'ica, a peculiar copperscolored stain some¬ 
times remaining after syphilitic eruptions. 
Mac'ulae tendi'neae = milk=spots. [L.] fniac'u- 
lar, as M. bundles, the bundles of optic nerve* 
fibres passing from the macula lutea to the optic 
entrance; etc. mac'u-late, mac'u-la-ted, as M. 
fever, typhus fever. mac-u-la'tion. mac'u-li- 
form, -lae-form. mac'u-lose; mac'u-lous. 
mac'ule. = Macula*. 

mac'u-lo-pap'ule. A skin lesion combining a macule 
and a papule, fmac'u-lo-pap'u-lar. 
mad. I. Insane. 2. Affected with rabies. 
Madagas'car ulcer. A chronic ulcer of the extrem¬ 
ities leaving a parchment*like scar on healing, 
ma-dar'. =Mudar. 

mad-a-ro'sis. Loss of hair, particularly of the 
eyebrows and eyelashes (M. cilia'ris) ; madesis. 

Alopecia, fniad- 
a-rot'ic; mad'a-rous. 
mad'der. The plant/?«'- 
bia tincto'rum; dyer’s 
madder. Its root con¬ 
tains an excellent red 
dye* stuff, alizarin. 

The plant has been 
employed as a diu¬ 
retic and an emmena- 
gogue. Dose, 2 to 4 
Gm. (30 to 60 grs.). 

M. orange = RUBiACiN. 

Mad'dox rod. One or 
more little cylinders 
of glass set in a frame: 
used to determine the relative direction of the 
visual axes, as in hyperphoria. 
mad-e-fac'tion. The act of wetting. 

Madei'ra wine. A variety of sherry wine. 
Ma'delung’s deformity. Idiopathic progressive cur¬ 
vature of the radius giving rise to an apparent 
subluxation of the wrist: linear oblique oste¬ 
otomy of the radius restores the displaced 
part. M.’s neck, “Fetthals” or diffuse cervical 
lipoma. 

ma-des'cent, ma'di-dant, mad'i-dans. Moistening, 
ma-de'sis. =Madarosis. 
ma'di a oil. A fixed oil of Ma'dia sati'va. 
ma-di'sis. Baldness; calvities. 
mad'ness. = Insanity; lunacy; mania. 
mad're-pore. A kind of white coral, fmad-re- 
por'ic, -por'i-form, said of certain diseased teeth, 
and of some calcareous or bone*like concretions. 
Ma-drid' colic. =Lead colic. 



mad'stone. A stone popularly supposed to be able 
to absorb poison from wounds. 

Madu'ra foot or disease. = Mycetoma. 

Madurel'la myceto'mi. A hyphomycete which 
causes the black “ gun*powder ” granules of my¬ 
cetoma. 5 . ’09.] 

mae-eu'si-o-pho'bi a. ==Maieusiophobia. 
mae-eu'tic. =Maieutic. 

Mag. Abbr. for mag'nus, large. [L.] 
mag-da'la. A red coal*tar dye, C30H21N4CI, derived 
from naphthylamine; naphthylene red. 
mag-da'le on. i. A pill or bolus made up with 
bread*crumbs. 2. A roll, as of sulphur or plaster. 
Magendie’s foramen (ma-jVn'diz). An opening in 
the posterior part of the roof of the fourth ven¬ 
tricle: it establishes communication between the 
ventricular cavity and the subarachnoid space; 
arachnoid foramen; apertura medialis ventriculi 
quarti*. M.’s solution = liquor morphinas hy- 
podermicus. There is also M.’s ethereal tincture 
of iodine for external use. [T[ i?.’05.] M.’s spaces, 
imperfectly formed lymph*spaces between the 
arachnoid and pia, above the cerebral sulci, 
ma-gen'ta. i. A coal*tar dye. 2. =Fuchsin. 
mag'got. The popular name of the larva of certain 
insects, as flies. Before the day of antiseptic 
surgery, maggots often infested wounds and sores, 
mag'is-te-ry. Any precipitate supposed to be a 
’subtile and masterly preparation. M. of bis¬ 
muth, bismuth subnitrate. M. of sulphur = 
SULPHUR LOTUM*. 

mag'is-tral. A term applied, especially in France, 
to medicines prescribed for the occasion by a 
master or competent person, to be put up by a 
pharmacist, in distinction from official. 
mag'ma. Dregs; sediment; the mass left after ex¬ 
pressing the liquid from a substance; any pappy, 
thick, pasty mixture or mass; a soft salve; a soft 
confection. M. magne'siae, the N. F. name for 
milk of magnesia, containing 5% freshly precipi¬ 
tated magnesium hydroxide: an antacid, refrig¬ 
erant, and laxative. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). [< 
fiaypa a kneaded mass.] fniag-niat'ic ; mag'moid. 
Mag'nan’s sign. An hallucination seen in users of 
cocaine in which there is the sensation as if for¬ 
eign bodies were beneath the skin, 
mag-ne'sia. The 1890 U. S. P. name for magnesii 
oxiDUM*; light magnesia; calcined magnesia. M. 
al'ba, a hydrated magnesium carbonate. Milk 
of m. = MAGMA MAGNESi.®. M. ni'gra, black 
manganese oxide. R. ’05.] M. pondero'sa, 
“heavy magnesia,” the 1890 U. S.P. name foi* 
MAGNESII oxiDUM PONDEROSUM*. [Magne'sia, a 
district of Lydia.] fmag-ne'si an, as M. lem¬ 
onade. mag-ne'sic. 

mag-ne'sii. The genitive case of magnesium. M. 
carbo'nas*, “ magnesium carbonate,” light, white, 
friable masses, or a bulky, white powder, 
(MgC03)4.Mg(0H)2 + 5H20, odorless and taste¬ 
less, insoluble in alcohol and almost insoluble in 
water: useful in cases which require a laxative 
antacid. Dose, 3Gm. (45 grs.). i^^Dewees’s car¬ 
minative. M. cit'ras efferves'cens, “effervescent 
magnesium citrate,” the 1890 U. S. P. name for 
a white, coarsely granulated salt, furnishing an 
agreeable effervescent drink. Its medicinal prop¬ 
erties are those of liquor magnesii citratis*, 
except that it is less palatable. Dose, 8 to 32 
Gm. (| to I oz.). M. ox'idum*, “magnesium 
oxide,” MgO, or magnesia, a snowy white, very 
bulky, and very fine powder, which is used as an 
antacid in dyspepsia, diarrhoea, sick*headache, 



MAGNESIUM 


526 


MAISSIAPS BAND 


gout, and as an antidote to arsenic; externally 
as a dusting powder. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 
^PuLvis RHEi coMPOsiTus*. M. ox'idum pon- 
dero'sum*, “heavy magnesium oxide,’’ or heavy 
magnesia, the magnesia ponderosa of the 1890 
U. S. P. It is a white, dense, and very fine powder, 
corresponding with magnesia in its reactions and 
in all its properties except weight. Dose, 2 Gm. 
(30 grs.), M. sul'phas*, “ magnesium sulphate,’’ 
MgS04 4-7H20, or Epsom salt. It is a mild 
hydragogue cathartic, especially adapted to 
cases where it is desirable to combine a refrige¬ 
rant with a mild and safe purgative. It is a natu¬ 
ral ingredient of many mineral waters. Dose, 
16 Gm. (240 grs.). When used hypodermically, 
or in the spinal canal, it possesses anaesthetic 
properties. M. sul'phas efferves'cens*, “ effer¬ 
vescent magnesium sulphate,’’ prepared from 
magnesium sulphate, sodium bicarbonate, tar¬ 
taric acid, and citric acid. Dose, 16 Gm.(24o grs.). 
mag-ne'sium. An element, the metallic base of 
magnesia; sp. gr., 1.74; at. wt., 24.18; symbol. 
Mg. It is a silverswhite metal, malleable and 
ductile, and burns in the air with the production 
of a fine white powder, MgO; it is fusible at a 
low temperature. It is used in flash-light photog¬ 
raphy, in the finding of lead in urine, etc. The 
salts of magnesium should not be used continu¬ 
ously, as they may give rise to intestinal con¬ 
cretions. Besides the magnesium salts named 
below, the ammoniochloride, benzoate, borocit- 
rate, bromate, bromide, cacodylate, chlorate, 
copaivate, ergotate, ethylsulphate, fluoride, 
glycerinophosphate, hydroxide, hypochlorite, 
hypophosphite, ichthyolate, iodide, lactate, 
lactophosphate, malate, nitrate, nitrite, ole- 
ate, permanganate, phenosulphonate, phosphate, 
sozo-iodolate, sulphocarbolate, valerianate, and 
other compounds are more or less used medici¬ 
nally. M. acetate, a compound, Mg(C2H302)2; 
used like the citrate. M. borate, a white antisep¬ 
tic powder. M. carbonate = magnesii carbo- 
NAS*. M. chloride, a very deliquescent salt, 
MgCl2: a mild purgative. Dose, 32 Gm. (r oz.). 
M. citrate — MAGNESII citras effervescens. 
M. oxide = magnesii oxidum*. M. salicylate, a 
salt used in typhoid fever. Dose, 0.5 to 2 Gm. 
(8 to 30 grs.). M. silicate = TALC. M. sulphate 
= magnesii sulphas*. M. sulphite, a white, 
crystalline powder, MgS03 + 6H20: used as an 
antizymotic and as a local application on ulcers. 
Dose, 0.65 to 2 Gm. (10 to 30 grs.). 
mag'net. i. Loadstone, a native oxide of iron. 2. 
A bar of steel or iron, often shaped like a horse¬ 
shoe, to which magnetic properties have been 
imparted; lapis nauticus (sideritis). A magnet 
has the property of attracting iron, of attracting 
the unlike pole of another magnet, of repelling 
its like pole, and of assuming a north-and-south 
position when freely suspended, as when an 
ordinary needle is made magnetic, greased, and 
floated on water, Electro-m, ; permanent 
M.; TEMPORARY M. M. Operation, removal of 
particles of iron or steel from the eye by means 
of a Haab’s magnet. [<L. mag'nes, fr. fidjvTjg.] 
fmag-net'ic, as M. belt— galvanic belt: M. field, 
the space within which a magnet exercises its 
attractive power: and M. induction, the induc¬ 
tion of magnetism into a body by placing 
a magnet near it. fniag'net-ose-lec-tric'i-ty. 
mag*net-o=in-duc'tion. mag-ne-tom'e-ter. mag*- 
net-o=ther'a-py. 


mag'ne-tism. i. That which is the cause of mag¬ 
netic attraction. 2. The science which investi- 
gates the phenomena presented by natural and 
artificial magnets, and the laws by which they 
are governed, fmag'net-i-za'tion, mag'ne-tize. 
Animal m. = hypnotism ; mesmerism. Malicious 
animal m., a sort of “ mental malpractice,” 
according to Christian Scientists, by which the 
influence of the mind at a distance is used for 
injuring another person. 

Magnet'tia. A genus of the Cinchona'cece. The roots 
of M. cordifo'lia and M. gla'bra are emetic, 
mag'ni-duc'tor. = Adductor magnus. 
mag’ni-fi-ca'tion. The power of lenses, as in a mi¬ 
croscope, to increase the apparent size of an object 
viewed. The nonnal eye can appreciate 0.08 mm. 
at 25 Cm., hence a magnifying power of 200 di¬ 
ameters (expressed X 200) should show a struct¬ 
ure as fine as 0.0004 mm. 

Magno'ha. A genus of magnoliaceous trees, the 
fruit of which contains a crystalline principle, 
mag-no'li n e. 

The bark of M. 
glau'ca, M. acu- 
mina'ta, and M. 
tripet'ala is a 
mild, aromatic 
tonic and dia¬ 
phoretic, and 
has been em¬ 
ployed with as- Magnolia. 

serted success 

in intermittent fevers, chronic rheumatism, and 
remittents of typhoid character. Dose, i to 4 
Gm. (15 to 60 grs.). 

mag'nus, -na, -num. Large, as os magnum. [L.] 
Mag'nus’s sign of death. Absence of the usual dis¬ 
coloration of a finger when tightly bound with a 
ligature, m- Diaphanous test. 
mag'u-ey. m- Pulque. 

Mah'ler’s disease. == Perivaginitis simplex. 
ma-hog'a-ny. The wood of Swiete'nia maho'goni, 
or mahogany-tree, the bark of which is bitter 
and astringent and has been used, but as an in¬ 
ferior substitute, for Peruvian bark. 
Mah'wasspir'it. An alcoholic liquor distilled from 
the flowers of Bas'sia latifo'lia. 
mai-dal-ok'ri, -ak'ri. The bark of an Indian tree; 

used in dysentery and diarrhoea, 
mai'den-hair fern. i^Adiantum. M. tree = gingko. 
mai'den-head. i. The hymen. 2. Virginity, 
ma'i-dism. = Pellagra. [< L. wa'y 5 maize.] 
mai-e-leu-the-ro'sis. Delivery by a midwife. [< 
pala mi(iwiie + E?iev6€f)0)(jig delivery.] 
mai-eu‘si-o-ma'ni a. Puerperal mania, 
mai-eu’si-o-pho'bi a. Morbid dread of pregnancy, 
mai-eu'tic. Obstetrical; facilitating childbirth, 
mai'hem. = Mayhem. 

maim. To deprive of the use of a limb; to cripple, 
main en crochet (man). The permanent flexion of 
the third and fourth fingers; hook-hand; glass- 
blower’s hand. M. en griffe, a condition of the 
hand resulting from atrophy of the interosseous 
muscles; claw-hand. O. ’06.] M. succulente, 
oedema of the hands. [F.] 
mainbote congdnitale (mah-bot). Congenital club¬ 
hand due to dislocation of the thumb. [F.] 
Maisonneuve’s amputation (me-zon-nevz). = Dia- 
clasia. M.’s bandage, a support made with 
folded cloths held in place by bandages impreg¬ 
nated with wet plaster-of-paris. 

Maissiat’s band (me-si-az). = Iliotibial band. 



MAIZE 


MALARIA 


527 


maize. A common name for Z,e'a ma'ys (Indian^ 
corn plant) or its seed. The dried corn^silk 
(stigmata maydis) contains mai-zen'ic acid: 
diuretic in doses of 0.008 Gm. gr.). M.spoison- 
ing = PELLAGRA. M.sSmut = USTILAGO MAYDIS. 

Majen'die’s foramen. =Magendie’s foramen. 
ma'jor operation. Any one of the larger and more 
serious operations, such as amputation of a limb, 
oophorectomy, etc. M. surgery, surgery which is 
concerned with the more important operations 
and which, especially before the days of anti¬ 
septic surgery, endangered the life of the patient, 
maj-o-ra'na. Marjoram. ^Origanum. [I., Sp.] 
ma'jun, ma'jum. An Oriental intoxicant paste, 
containing Indian hemp, datura, nux vomica, 
and other ingredients. [Turk. I. M. ’05.] 
make. The closure or completion of an electric 
circuit, Break. 

mak'ro-. For words beginning thus, see macro-. 
mal. Evil, illness, pain, disease. ^ Grand mal; 
PETIT MAL. M. caduc, epilepsy. [F.] M. d’aven- 
ture, panaritium. [ F.] M. de caderas, an equine 
form of South American trypanosomiasis, trans¬ 
mitted by a fly, Stomox'ys cal'citrans. [Sp.] 
M. de coit, an equine venereal disease. [F.] M. 
d’enfant, puerperal fever. [F.] M. de mer, sea® 
sickness. [F.] M. des ardents or de Saint Antoine, 
erysipelas. [F.] M. d’estomac, nausea. [F.] M. 
de gorge gangreneux, gangrene of throat. [F.] 
M. de montagne (de ballon), mountain sickness. 
[F.] M. de Naples, syphilis. [F.] M. de la rosa, 
del sole, or rosea, pellagra. [I.] M. perforant, 
perforating (neuroparalytic) ulcer of the sole of 
the foot. [F.] M. de los pintos, M. del pinto = 
PiNTA. [Sp.] M. de tete, headache. [F.] 
maTa. The prominent part of the cheek, or cheek* 
bone; the malar bone. [L.] 

Mal'abar itch. A skin disease of the Malabar coast. 
M. leprosy = ELEPHANTIASIS Arabum. M. nut 

= ADHATODA. M. ulcer = ORIENTAL BOIL. 

mal-a-bath'rum. A medicine derived from the leaf 
of the Cinnamo'mum iama'la. 

Malacam^’s antrum (ma-la-car-nez). =Tarinus’s 
SPACE. M.’s pyramid, the posterior end of the 
cerebellar pyramid. 

mal'a-chite green. A brilliant green stain, 
ma-la'ci a, mal-a-co'sis. i. Preternatural softness, 
as of the heart*muscle (M. cor'dis): also a suffix, 
as in OSTEOMALACIA. 2. Depraved or fanciful 
appetite, as in chlorosis, pregnancy, etc.; pica. 
mal'a-cin, -kin. Salicylparaphenetidin, fine yel¬ 
low needles with antipyretic and antineuralgic 
properties. Daily dose, i to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grs.). 
mal-a-co'ma. Softening of a part, as of the brain, 
kidneys, bones, etc.; a softened place in any tis¬ 
sue [< fia/iCKOvv to soften.] 
mal*a-co-sar-co'sis. Softness of the flesh or mus¬ 
cles. [< jua?MK6g soft-fcrdpf flesh.] 
mal-a-co'sis. =Malacia. 

mal-a-cos'te on. Softness of the bones. M. pelvis, 
a pelvis deformed from softening of the bones 
and characterized by lessening of the transverse 
diameter, with great increase of the anteropos¬ 
terior diameter. [</iiaXaK6g soft -f bareov bone.] 
mal-a-cot'o-my. = Laparotomy. 
ma-lac'tic. i. Softening. 2. An emollient agent, 
maladie cystique (ma-la-di). Cystoma of the breast. 
M. de coit = mal de coit. M. de Hanot =bili- 
ARY CIRRHOSIS. M. de Woillez = Woillez’s 
DISEASE, M. du pays = nostalgia. [F.] 
mal'a-dy. Illness; any disease, especially any for¬ 
midable disease. [< F. maladie.] 


ma-lag'ma. An emollient, Cataplasm. [< 
lia'kaaazLv to soften.] 

Malaguet'ta pepper. = Amomum grana*paradisi. 
Malagu'ti’s law. The law that when two salts are 
mixed in solution there is double decomposition, 
with the formation of two other salts, 
malaise (ma-lez). Indefinite discomfort or un¬ 
easiness due to bodily suffering without charac¬ 
teristic malady; indisposition. [F.] 
mal'a-kin. =Malacin. 

malakopla'kia ves'icae. Fungoid cystitis in patches, 
ma-lam'bo bark. The bark of Cro'ton malam'bo, a 
South American tree; matias bark: used as a sub¬ 
stitute for cinchona. 

mal-am-eth'ane. A white, crystalline substance, 
CgHjjNO^, obtained from ethyl malate. 
mal-am'ide. A crystalline substance, C4HgN203, 
formed by treating ethyl malate with ammonia, 
ma-lan'drin. A homoeopathic preventive of small¬ 
pox: derived from horse*pox. 
ma'lar. i. Belonging to the cheek*bone or to the 
cheek. 2. The malar bone; cheek*bone; os 
malare; os zygomaiicum*. M. artery, a branch of 
the lachrymal artery distributed to the temporal 
fossa. M. bone, a diamondsshaped bone having 
three centres of ossification and lying on each 
side of the face. It articulates with the frontal, 
the superior maxillary, the zygomatic process of 
the temporal bone, and the sphenoid, and forms 
the prominence of the cheek. M. canal, a canal in 
the malar bone transmitting a division of the tem- 
poromalar nerve. M. crest, the anterior border 
of the sphenoid bone. M. foramina, openings in 
the orbital, frontal, and temporal surfaces of the 
malar bone, being the orifices of the temporo- 
malar canals which transmit branches of the su¬ 
perior maxillary divisions of the fifth nerve. M. 
nerve, i. A branch of the temporofacial nerve, 
extending to the most prominent portion of the 
malar bone and supplying the lower part of the 
orbicularis palpebrarum. 2. A branch of the 
orbital nerve, passing through the malar foramen 
and supplying an area of skin over the cheek. 
M. point, a craniometrical point situated on the 
tubercle of the external surface of the malar 
bone; malare. M. process, a stout projection 
from the outer part of the body of the superior 
maxillary bone, which articulates with the malar 
bone. M. tuberosity, a protuberance on the lower 
edge of the malar bone where it joins the su¬ 
perior maxillary. [< L. mala'ris, fr. ma'la cheek.] 
ma-la're. = Malar point. [L.] 
ma-la'ria. i. Marsh miasm. 2. A disease for¬ 
merly supposed to be due to the emanations 
from swamps or other wet land, a view discarded 
since the discovery of the causative agent, the 
Plasmo'dium mala'rice, a sporozodn belonging to 
the Hcemosporid'ia, which is introduced into the 
body by means of the Anoph'eles mosquito; 
anophelesis. Plasmodium kochi; Plasmo¬ 
dium PR^cox; HALTERiDiUM. The adult par¬ 
asite, known as a gametocyte, appears in the 
blood as a small rounded body in the benign 
forms, and as crescentic or falciform bodies in 
the malignant forms of malaria. The flagellate 
variety, the microgametocyte (male), in the sexual 
or mosquito cycle breaks up into long filiform 
bodies or spermatozoits, which fertilize the larger 
(female) parasites or macrogametes in the stom¬ 
ach of the mosquito. The fertilized parasite 
is then known as a zygocyte. Taken up by the 
mosquito, it elongates, bores its way through 


MALARIA 


5'28 


MALIA 


the insect’s stomach, and takes up its position 
on the gastric wall, where it grows into a large, 
rounded body known as a blastomere, which later 
breaks up into an immense number of small falci¬ 
form or filiform bodies known as sporozoits, the 
embryo parasites. These migrate to the salivary 
glands of the mosquito, to be discharged from its 
body with the saliva. As only the female mos¬ 
quito bites, she alone transmits malaria, by biting 
a human being having gametocytes in the blood 
and 8 or lo days later biting some other person. 
Malaria must, therefore, be prevented not only 
by protecting well people from the bite of in¬ 
fected Anoph'eles, but also by preventing mos¬ 
quitoes from biting those ill with malaria. When 
the sporozoits are once within the human body. 



Life Cycle of Plasmodium Pr^cox.—1-7. Asexual 
cycle. 8 . Merozoits. b, b'; c, c'; d, d'. Gametocytes. 
e'. Macrogamete, e. Microgametocyte. f. Conjugated 
cells, g, h, i. Zygocytes. j-o. Sporogenous develop¬ 
ment in mosquito’s stomach, p. Blastomere with 
sporozoits. q. Sporoid. (Wilson.) 

the nonssexual or human cycle takes place in 
from 48 to 72 hours according to the species of 
parasite present, it boring its way into a red cor¬ 
puscle and becoming a schizonte, which on reach¬ 
ing maturity is known as a merocyte. This on 
rupturing is found to be composed of a varying 
number of spore=like bodies (merozoits), which 
may enter a fresh red cell and develop as before. 
Malaria is a disease of antiquity, the treatment 
for which by cinchona was learned from the 
South American Indians and brought to Europe 
in 1640 by the Countess of Cinchon. Laveran 
{Comptes^rendus, ’82), in 1880, discovered the 
causative agent, the Plasma'dium mala'rice; in 
1885 Golgi observed sporulation occurring at the 
time of the malarial paroxysm; Manson, in 1894, 
suggested its mode of transmission by the mos¬ 
quito; and Ross, in 1898, showed the life*cycle 
of the organism in the genus Anoph'eles. A typi¬ 
cal paroxysm consists, in regular order, of a chill, 
fever, and sweating, often associated with neu¬ 
ralgia, headache, areas of anaesthesia, cramps, 
paralyses, psychical disturbances, amaurosis (pos¬ 
sibly due to quinine), sleeplessness, exanthemata, 
jaundice, oedema, intestinal disturbances, apo¬ 
plexy, or cardiac failure. In the quotidian type 
(Fe'bris intermit'tens quotidia'na) the attacks 
come on every 24 hours; in the tertian {Fe'bris 
intermit'tens tertia'na) , due to Plasma'dium vi'vax, 
every 48 hours; and in quartan {Fe'bris intermit'¬ 
tens quar'tans) , due to the Plasma'dium mala'rice, 
every 72 hours. Tropical pernicious or aestivo* 
autumnal fever is due to the Plasma'dium prce'cox. 


All sorts of combinations may, however, exist, 
owing to double or even treble infections. When 
the fever comes on earlier than its wont, it is of 
the anteponens type; if later, postponens. In the 
reverse type the cardinal symptoms are reversed, 
as when the fever comes on before the chill. 

Intermittent fever; remittent fever. 
Bovine or equine m., anthrax fever. [<!• ma'la 
bad + a'ria air.] fniala'ri-al, -ri-ous, as M. 
cachexia, chronic malaria, a condition marked by 
anaemia, general depression, melanaemia, enlarge¬ 
ment of the spleen and liver, etc.: M. fever, ^ 
malaria: M. multiple neuritis, a Jamaican en¬ 
demic disease: M. neuritis, neuritis due to ma¬ 
larial poison: and M. spleen, the enlarged spleen 
induced by malarial infection; ague cake, ma- 
la'ri-al-ist. 

ma*lar-i-max'il-la-ry. Pertaining both to the malar 
bone and to the upper maxilla; malomaxillary. 
mal'a-rin. Acetophenonephenetidin citrate: anti¬ 
pyretic. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 
ma-la'ris. A portion of the orbicularis palpebrarum 
arising from the inner edge of the orbit and in¬ 
serted on the malar bone. [<L. ma'la cheek.] 
maPar-tic-u-la'tion. Defective articulation. 
Malasse'zia fur'fur. A hyphomycete regarded as 
causing pityriasis versicolor. 5 . ’09.] 
Ma-las-sez’s disease. Cyst of the testicle. 
mal*as-sim-i-la'tion. Defective assimilation, 
tna'late. A salt -of malic acid, as M. of iron. 
mal-ax-a'tion. i. The process of softening and 
kneading into a mass, as in pharmacy. 2. The 
kneading process in massage. Jnial-ax'ate. 
ma-lax'is. i. = Malaxation. 2. Digestion. 3. 

Morbid softening; malacia. [< Gr.] 
mal*con-for-ma'tion. == Malformation. 
male. i. Of the sex that begets young; not female. 
2. An individual of the male sex. Puberty; 
SEX. M. blade, &- female blade. M. catheter, 
a long tube with a sharp curve for introduction 
into the bladder of the male. M. fern = Aspid- 
lUM FiLixsMAS. M. genital organs, the testes, the 
vasa deferentia, the vesiculae seminales, and the 
penis; organa genitalia virilia*. M. hermaphro- 
dism, hermaphrodism in which the organs of the 
male predominate. M. organ, the penis. M. ovum, 
a form of cell found in the diverticula of the 
tubuli seminiferi and thought to be an undevel¬ 
oped spermatozoon. M. pronucleus, pronu¬ 
cleus. M. uterus or womb, the prostate gland, 
ma'le. The axilla. [L. fr, 

ma-le'ic acid. A crystalline substance, C^H^O^, made 
by the dry distillation of malic acid, fm^d'e-ate. 
mal-e-mis'sion. The faulty emission of semen dur¬ 
ing coitus. 

male'ness. The catabolic diathesis in the embryo, 
mal-e-rup'tion. Faulty eruption, as of a tooth, 
mal-for-ma'tion. A deviation, congenital or ac¬ 
quired; a deviation from the normal standard in 
the size, form, number, or situation of a part. 
Malgmgne’s amputation (m 41 -genz). i. Subastrag- 
aloid amputation. 2. A variety of oval ampu¬ 
tation in which a longitudinal incision is made 
on the outer side of the limb, extending above 
and below the point of amputation, from which 
line the lateral branches of the oval incision 
are made. M.’s hernia, hernia into the vaginal 
process of the peritoneum. M.’s hooks, a pair of 
hooks sliding upon a bar, used to approximate 
fragments of a fractured patella. [tL.’ 07 .] M.’s 
triangle or fossa, the superior carotid triangle, 
ma li a, ma-li-as^mus. i. = Malis. 2. = Glander 8 . 


MALIC ACID 


529 


MALPRESENTATION 


ma'lic acid. An acid, C4Hg05, found in some ap¬ 
ples and in many other kinds of fruit, such as 
currants. ^Malate, [< L. ma'lum apple.] 
ma-lig'nan-cy, ma-lig'ni-ty. Destructive tendency; 
fatality: applied especially to diseases which end 
fatally in a short time, or to rapidly growing 
tumors which, infiltrating surrounding parts, 
recur after removal and develop metastases. 
ma-lig'nant. Ilhconditioned; denoting diseases 
that endanger life, especially such as are charac¬ 
terized by incurability and violence and by rapid 
progress to a fatal termination. M. adenoma, an 
adenoma the epithelial cells of which break 
through their basement membrane and assume 
cancerous tendencies. M. anaemia = idiopathic 
ANAEMIA. M. anthrax, ^ ANTHRAX. M. cholera, 
Asiatic cholera. M. diphtheria, a fatal form of 
diphtheria attended with aggravated symptoms. 
M. disease, i. A rapidly fatal disease. 2. A dis¬ 
ease which spreads, involving adjacent structures. 
tsr Malignancy. M. endocarditis, ulcerative en¬ 
docarditis. M. endothelioma, a form of sarcoma 
of endothelial tissue. M. jaundice, i. Acute 
yellow atrophy of the liver; icterus gravis. 2. 
A tropical disease of dogs, due to Piroplas'ma. 
M. lymphadenoma or lymphoma = lymphosar¬ 
coma. 0" Hodgkin’s DISEASE. M. oedema, a kind 
of anthrax marked by rapidly spreading septic 
infiltration which forms as a gelatinous oedema; 
infectious oedema. It often follows serious bone 
injuries and is usually fatal. M. papillary der¬ 
matitis = Paget’s DISEASE. M. perithelioma = 
angiosarcoma. M. polypus, a polypus of a sar¬ 
comatous or carcinomatous nature. M. pus, icho¬ 
rous PUS. M. pustule, ANTHRAX. M. scarlet 
fever = scarlatina maligna. M. smallpox, 
smallpox with excessive hemorrhage into the skin, 
soon ending fatally. M. syphilis, virulent syphilis; 
such as is seen when syphilis attacks a community 
in which the virus has not become somewhat 
attenuated, or when the person is not properly 
treated. M. tertian malaria = ^stivo*autumnal 
MALARIA. M. tumor, la- MALIGNANCY. M. ulcer, 
cancerous ulcer. M. ulceration, ulceration result¬ 
ing from cancer. [< L. malig'nus, fr. ma'lus evil.] 
ma-lig'ni-ty. = Malignancy. 

ma-lin'ger-er. One who simulates or feigns disease 
to avoid labor or punishment or to secure a 
favorable verdict in a damage suit. [<F. ma- 
Ungre sickly.] fma-lin'ger-ing. 
ma'lis. Disease of the skin due to parasites or ver¬ 
min, as M. ac'ari, M. america'na, and M. pedicu- 
la'ris; cutaneous vermination; malia; maliasmus. 
mal'le-a-ble. Capable of being hammered or rolled 
into thin sheets or plates, fnial'le-a-bil'i-ty. 
mal'le ar, mal'le al. Pertaining to the malleus, 
mal-le-a'tion. The hammerslike motion of the 
hands as a symptom of nervous disorder, as in 
chorea. [<L. mallea'tio, fr. mal'leus hammer.] 
mal-le'di us. The tensor tympani muscle, 
mal'le-in. A preparation obtained from cultures 
of Bacil'lus mal'lei, used in glanders, for diagno¬ 
sis and treatment, much as tuberculin is in 
tuberculosis. Diagnostic dose for a horse, 0.03 
to 0.06 Gm. to I gr.) dissolved in water and 
administered hypodermically. A rise of 2° C. 
(3.6° F.) indicates glanders. [<L. mal'leus glan¬ 
ders.] fmaPle-in-i-za'tion. 
mal'len-ders. =Sallenders. [< L. malan'dria 
blisters on the neck.] 

maPle-osin-cu'dal. Pertaining to malleus and incus, 
mal-le'o-lus. Ankle. M. latera'Iis* or outer or ex- 
34 


ternal m., the projection of bone on the fibula 
forming the outer ankle. M. media'lis* or inner 
or medial m., the projection of bone on the tibia 
forming the inner ankle. [L., dim. of mal'leus 
hammer.] fnial-le'o-lar, as M. arteries, small 
branches of the anterior tibial artery distributed 
to the malleoli and distinguished as an internal or 
medial (arteria malleolaris anterior medialis*) 
and an external or lateral {arteria malleolaris ante¬ 
rior lateralis*) : and M. fossa, a fossa on the pos¬ 
terior surface of the external malleolus, which re¬ 
ceives a portion of the external lateral ligament 
of the ankle when the foot is extended, 
mal'let. A hammerslike tool used in dentistry to 
give a sharp impact. M.sfinger, a deformity 
marked by uncontrollable flexion of the terminal 
phalanx. M.stoe, ^ hammerstoe. 
mal'le us*. i . One of the small bones of the internal 
ear, formed from the first branchial arch, consist¬ 
ing of a head, neck, manubrium, processus grac¬ 
ilis, and processus brevis: attached to the tym¬ 
panic membrane by its manubrium, whose mo¬ 
tions it transmits to the incus, Auditory 
OSSICLES. [L., “ a hammer.”] 2. = Glanders. 
fmal'le al; mal'le ar. 

Mal'lo-ry’s stain. One or other of several stains for 
neuroglia, fibrin, or amce'bce co'li in tissues. 
Mallo'tus. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants; 

rottlera. M. philippinen'sis, a cathartic taenifuge. 
mal'low. ^Malva; alth^a. 
malm'sey. A variety of strong, sweet wine, ob¬ 
tained from Greece, Crete, and Madeira, 
mal-nu-tri'tion. Imperfect nutrition resulting in 
anaemia or in wasting; marasmus, 
ma-lo-max'il-la-ry su'ture. The suture between the 
malar and maxillary bones, 
mal'o-nal. A hypnotic and sedative. 

Malone'tia nit'ida. ^Guachamaca. 
ma-lon'ic acid. A white, crystalline substance, 
C3H4O4, found in beet^root and formed by oxid¬ 
izing malic acid with potassium dichromate, 
mal-pi'ghi an bodies or corpuscles. Small bodies or 
corpuscles,visible to the naked eye in the stained 
specimen, found in the cortex of the kidney at 
the commencement of the uriniferous tubules. 
Each one consists of a mass of capillary blood» 
vessels (malpighian tuft) enclosed in a membra¬ 
nous capsule {Bowman's or malpighian capsule). 
M. capsule = Bowman’s capsule, M. bodies. 
M. corpuscles. i. = M. bodies. 2. Whitish bodies 
having a diameter of from ^ to i mm. to 
in.), found in the substance of the spleen, similar 
in structure to the follicles of the lymphatic 
glands; splenic lymph^nodules; noduli lymphatici 
lienales [Malpighit]*. M. follicles or glomeruli 
= M. BODIES. M. layer (of the skin), the rete 
mucosum of the skin. M. pyramids, the renal 
pyramids. M. tuft, the netswork of vessels of a 
malpighian body. ®“M. bodies. [< Marcello 
Malpighi, an Italian anatomist, 1628-1694.] 
mal-po-si'tion. An abnormal position, as of the 
foetus, teeth, etc.; a displacement, 
mal-prac'tice. i . Failure to exercise, whether wil¬ 
fully or through negligence, ignorance, or a wrong 
motive, reasonable skill and care in the treatment 
of a patient, whereby death or unnecessary injury 
ensues, the standard being that of the commu¬ 
nity in which the accused practises. It may be 
civil or criminal. 2. The performance of a crim¬ 
inal abortion. 3. Bad management, 
mal-pres-en-ta'tion. An untoward presentation, as 
of the foetus in labor. 


MALT 


530 


MAMMILLA 


on the coast of the 




> ••• 






Bacillus (Micrococ¬ 
cus) MELITENSIS. 


malt. The grain of barley, Hor'deum dis'tichon, 
partially germinated artificially and then dried; 
maltum*. Malt is nutritive and contains dia¬ 
stase along with maltose and dextrin, which 
renders it useful as an aid to the digestion of 
starchy foods. Many proprietary foods contain 
malt. It is used in wasting diseases, especially 
tuberculosis. ^ Taka*diastase. M. extract, M. 
fluidextract, preparations made from malt, com¬ 
bining the soluble ingredients of malt with the 
bitter principle of hops. Dose, i to 4 teaspoon¬ 
fuls. M. liquor, any alcoholic beverage prepared 
by the fermentation of malt, as beer, porter, 
and ale. M.ssugar = maltose. M. vinegar, vine¬ 
gar prepared from an infusion of malt. It con¬ 
tains from 3 to 5% of acetic acid. 

MaTta fever. A fever, fatal in only about 2% of 
those affected, occurring 
Mediterranean Sea, begin¬ 
ning usually in the spring, 
and marked by irregular 
pyrexia, with sweating, 
constipation, enlargement 
of liver and spleen, and 
frequent relapses; gastric 
remittent fever; Gibraltar 
fever; Italian fever; Medi¬ 
terranean fever; Neapoli¬ 
tan fever' rocksfever; un- 
dulant fever; Bruce’s sep¬ 
ticaemia; septicaemia melitensis. It is due to the 
Bacil'lus (Micrococ'cus) meliten'sis (which may 
be cultivated from the blood and urine, the loca¬ 
tion for growth probably being the intestine) and 
is often transmitted by the milk of goats. 
The agglutination test is available for diagnosis. 
It is often followed by rheumatism, orchitis, and 
tonsillitis. Since the Cuban war isolated cases of 
Malta fever have been reported in America, 
mal'tase. A ferment which converts starch into 
maltose and other intermediate products. 
Mal'tese cross. A bandage made from a square 
piece of cloth slit from each corner inward, 
mal'tha. A waxy yet brittle variety of bitumen, 
mal-thac'tic. Softening; malactic. 
mal'tho-blast. A cell which develops into soft tis¬ 
sue, as fat. [<CfJ'(i?MaK 6 g soft-f-jd/laorof germ.] 
mal'tine. A proprietary malt preparation, 
mal'to-dex'trin. A kind of dextrin intermediate 
between starch and maltose. 
maTto-gen, maTtol. Varieties of proprietary foods 
prepared from malt, 
mal-ton'ic acid. = Gluconic acid. 
mal'tose. Maltssugar, CjjHjjOii -f HjO, identical 
in composition with milk-sugar, but in its 
properties much more like grape-sugar. It is 
derivable from starch 
or glycogen by the ac¬ 
tion of saliva, pancre¬ 
atic juice, or malt dia¬ 
stase. Glucase changes 
maltose into glucose. 
i^Achroodextrin; 

DEXTRIN ; ERYTHRODEX- 

trin; isomaltose. 
mal-to-su'ri a. The pres¬ 
ence of maltose in the 
urine, 

maTtum*. =Malt. [L.] 

Malt'wood finder, A slide 

divided into numbered squares and used as a 
universal microscopic finder. 


1 


5 

22 

6 

22 

5 

23 

6 ‘ 
23 


f 


Small Area of Maltwood 
Finder, magnified. 


maffum. A disease, Disease; mal; maladie. 
M. cayenen'se, elephantiasis Arabum. M. cotun'- 
nii, sciatica. M. mor'tuum, leprosy. M. per'- 
forans pe'dis, perforating or neu¬ 
roparalytic ulcer of the sole of the 
foot. ^ Dermosynovitis. M. 
pot'ti, Pott’s hump-back; kypho¬ 
sis. [Described in 1776.] M.rus'- 
ti = Rust’s disease. M. seni'le, 
cox'ae seni'lis or articulo'rum = 

ARTHRITIS DEFORMANS. M. Venc'- 

reum, syphilis. [L., “ evil.”] 
mal-u'nion. Bad union, 
ma-lu'sic acid. = Malic acid. 

Mal'va. A genus of malvaceous 
plants. M. sylves'tris, com¬ 
mon mallow, and M. vulga'ris 
are emollient and demulcent. 

&- Althea. {<,nakdxri mallow.] 

Ma'ly’s test. =Van der Velden’s Malva. 
TEST. M.’s theory of the forma¬ 
tion of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice is 
that it is derived from the interaction of the 
phosphates on the chlorides of the blood, 
ma-man'pi an. = Frambcesia ; yaws. 
mam'e-lon. = Nipple. [F.] 
ma-mil'la, etc. er Mammilla, etc. 
mam'ma*, pi. -mcB. The breast or mammary gland, 
with its nipple or mammilla, tubuli lactif- 
ERi, AREOLA, and ampulla. It is an organ 
forming, in the human female, a globular pro¬ 
jection on each side of the thorax, being the seat 
of lactiferous (or milk-producing) glands. M. 
accesso'ria*, accessory breast. M. viri'lis*, male 
breast, [<yud///za the instinctive cry of an in¬ 
fant.] fniam'mal, ha^fing mammae: applied to 
the class of animals. Mammalia, mam'mi-form. 
I. Breast-shaped. 2. = Mastoid, mam'ma-ry, 
pertaining to the breast, as M. abscess, abscess 
of breast: M. areola, the areola around the base 
of the nipple: M. arteries, arteries of the breast, 
i. e., an external, the long thoracic artery; 
an internal, a branch of the subclavian artery 
distributed to the structures of the thorax; and 
a glandular, the dorsal branch of the aortic inter¬ 
costal artery distributed to the mammary gland: 
M. binder, a suspensory bandage for the female 
breast: M, calculus— h acteA h calculus; M. 
gland, the organ which secretes the milk; a gland 
placed beneath the adipose layer of the mamma; 

MAMMA*: M. Awe = MAMMILLARY LINE: M. 

rami, branches of the internal mammary artery; 
rami mammarii*: M. region, the space bounded 
by the border of the sternum, a vertical line 
through the spine of the pubis, the lower border 
of the sternal end of the third rib, and a line 
through the upper end of the xiphoid cartilage: 
and M. vein, external, a branch of the axillary 
or of the subclavian vein which accompanies 
the external m. artery, 
mam-mal'gia. =Mastalgia. 

Mamma'lia. The most highly organized class of 
the animal kingdom, constituting the first or 
highest section of Vertebra'ta. They possess 
mammary glands and suckle their young, 
mam-mil'la, ma-mil'la, pi. -Ice. i. A little breast; 
a nipple; also applied to the male breast {mamma 
virilis*). 2. Any one of the papillae of the kidney. 
[L., dim. of mam'ma.] tmam'mil-late, mam'mil- 
la-ted, resembling nipples, as a M. liver, mam- 
mil'li-form, mam'mil-loid. mam-mil'la-plas-ty, 
-lo-plas-ty, plastic operation on the nipple. 











MAMMILLARY 


531 


MANGANESE 


mam'mil-la-ry. Relating to or resembling a mam¬ 
milla. M. bodies = corpora albicantia. M. 
caruncle = CARUNCULA mammillaris. M. emi¬ 
nence =M. TUBERCLE, def. I. M. line, a line 
passing through or near a nipple; the midclavic- 
ular line; linea mamillaris*. M. process, i. = 
Mastoid process. 2. The metapophysis of a 
lumbar vertebra; processus mamillaris*. M. 
tubercle, i. Any metapophysis of a lumbar 
vertebra; M. eminence. 2. Either of the cor¬ 
pora albicantia. 

mam-mil-la'tion. The appearance of little promi¬ 
nences like granulations on a mucous surface, as 
of the stomach in phthisis. [<L. mammil'la.] 
mam-mi'tis. = Mastitis. [L.] 
mam'mose. Having breasts, or prominences like 
breasts; having large breasts, 
mam-mot'o-my. Any cutting operation on the 
•mamma; mastotomy. 
man. Abbr. for L. manip'ulus, handful, 
man of the earth. =Ipomcea pandurata. 
man. pr. Abbr. for L. ma'ne pri'mo, early in the 
morning. 

man'a-ca. The Brazilian plant Francis'cea uni- 
fio'ra. Its root and bark are antisyphilitic, anti¬ 
rheumatic, purgative, diuretic, and deobstruent, 
fman'a-cine, an alkaloid reputed to have been 
found in the drug manaca. 
man-a-cal'ine, man-a-ce'a. Proprietary remedies, 
man-chi-neel', man-chi-neal'. Htppom'ane manci- 
nel'la, a tree yielding an arrows poison. 
Man-chu'ri an typhoid, Brill’s disease. 

M. R. j. ’ll.] 

man-co'na bark. = Erythrophlceum. 
man-co'nine. A volatile alkaloid obtained by the 
action of hydrochloric acid on erythrophleine. 
man-del'ic acid. Phenylglycocholic acid, Cj^HgO.^: 

prepared from bitter almond oil. fnian'de-late. 
man'di-ble, man-dib'u-la*. An important bone of 
the face, composed of a body (forming the chin 
and lodging the lower teeth) and two rami ar¬ 
ticulating on the sides with the glenoid fossae of 



Human Mandible. —i.Body. 2. Ramus. 3. Symphysis. 
4. Base. 5. Angle. 6. Mental foramen. 7. Condyle. 
8. Coronoid process. 9. Mandibular notch. _ 10. Mental 
foramen, ii. Alveolar process. 12. Incisor tooth. 
13. Canine tooth. 14. Premolars. 15. Molars. (Leidy.) 

lower jawsbone. ^Maxilla. [L. mandib'ula.] 
fman-dib'u-lar, pertaining to the mandible, as M. 
angle, a craniometrical angle formed by the lower 
border and ascending ramus of the lower jaw: 
M. arch or bar, visceral arches: M. artery, a 
branch of the internal maxillary extending down¬ 
ward to the mandibular foramen, where it enters 
the lower jaw, giving branches to the molar, bi¬ 
cuspid, and canine teeth; inferior dental artery: 
M. canal, the inferior dental canal: M. fora¬ 
men, the inferior dental foramen: M. gland, 
the submaxillary gland: M, wo^c:/i = sigmoid 


notch: M\ plate, the mandibular arch (^vis¬ 
ceral arches): M. process, the process 
formed from the lower two tubercles that sur¬ 
round the primitive mouth, and are a part of 
the first branchial arch, which forms the inferior 
maxilla: M. spine, a bony projection on the in¬ 
ner surface of the mandible, above the orifice of 
the inferior dental canal, to which the spheno- 
mandibular ligament is attached: M. tongue — 
LINGULA MANDiBULAE*: M. tubcrcle OT dimple, a 
depression on the mandible in the midline at the 
bottom of the symphysis: and M. vein, the in¬ 
ferior DENTAL VEIN, man-dib'u-late. 
man-dib'u-lo-. Relating to the mandible: a com¬ 
bining form. [< Mandible.] man-dib'u-lo-con'-, 
dy-lar, as M. triangle, a triangle whose base is a 
line between the two mandibular condyles and 
its apex at the symphysion. — man-dib’u-lo-cor'o- 
nal, as M. triangle, a triangle whose base is a line 
joining the corona and whose apex is at the sym¬ 
physion. — man-dib’u-lo-go'ni al, as M. triangle, 
a triangle having for its base 
the line between the gonia 
and its apex at the sym¬ 
physion. — man-dib*u-lo-la'- 
bi al, pertaining to lower jaw 
and lip. 

man'di-oc. isr M a n i h o t . 

Mandrag'ora. A genus of sola- 
naceous plants, of which M. 
ofjicina'lis, M. verna'lis, and 
other species are poisonous, 
acting as emetics, narcotics, 
and purgatives; mandrake. 

Several species contain an al¬ 
kaloid, man-drag'o-rine, C17H23NO3, which much 
resembles atropine in its physiological action. [L.] 
man'drake. Mandragora ; podophyllum*. 
man'dril, man'drin. A stiff wire used as a guide in 
introducing a flexible catheter. [F. mandrin.] 
man-du-ca'tion. = Mastication. [<L,. manduca'- 
re to chew.] 

ma'ne. In the morning. M. pri'mo, early in the 
morning. [L.] 

manege movement (ma-nezh). Continued circular 
movements occurring in certain brain diseases 
or injuries to the head; circus movement. [F., 
“racestrack.”] 
man'fish. = Ichthyosis. 

man-ga-nese'. i. A metallic element, gray, hard, 
brittle, and very difficult of fusion; at. wt., 54.6; 
sp. gr., 7.2; symbol, Mn. There are both man- 
gan'ic and man'ga-nous acids and man'ga-nate 
and man'ga-nite salts. Besides the compounds 
named below and under mangani, the Acetate, 
Albuminate, Arsenate, Benzoate, Borate, Bromide, 
Butyrate, Cacodylate, Carbonate, Chloride, Chro¬ 
mate, Citrate, Glycerophosphate, Hypophosphate, 
Hypophosphite, Iodide, Lactate, Lactophosphate, 
Malate, Oleate, Peptonate, Phosphate, Saccharate, 
Tannate. Tartrate, and other salts have more 
or less use in medicine, Potassii perman- 
GANAS*. Many practitioners advocate the use of 
various ferromanganic preparations in anaemia, 
chlorosis, and menstrual disorders. M. carbonate, 
MnCOg, used like the oxide. M. heptoxide, an 
oily liquid, Mn207, very explosive, and combining 
with water to form permanganic acid. M. oxide 

= MANGANI DIOXIDUM. M. perOXide = MANGANI 
DIOXIDUM. M. sulphate = MANGANI sulphas*. 
2. Manganous dioxide. [< L. man'ganum or 
mangane'sium.] 



Mandragora. 



MANGANI DIOXIDUM 


532 


MANTLE 


man^gani dioxTdum. The 1890 U. S. P. name for 

MANGANI DIOXIDUM PR^CIPITATUM*. M. diox'i- 

dum praecipita'tum*, precipitated manganese di¬ 
oxide, consisting chiefly of manganese dioxide, 
Mn02, with small amounts of other oxides of 
manganese, corresponding to not less than 80% 
of manganese dioxide. In the 1880 U. S. P. it was 
known as Mangani oxidum nigrum or black oxide 
of manganese. It is regarded as a tonic and al¬ 
terative, and has been employed in syphilis and 
various cutaneous diseases. When slowly intro¬ 
duced into the system, as happens to those 
engaged in grinding this mineral, it acts (like 
lead or mercury) as a cumulative poison, often 
producing paraplegia. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). 
M. hypophos'phis*, manganese hypophosphite, 
Mn(PH202)2+ H2O. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). M. 
sul'phas*. manganese sulphate, MnS04-4-4H20; 
manganous sulphate. It is a violent purgative 
in large doses, emetocathartic in full doses, and 
has been used as a substitute for iron and as a 
counterirritant locally. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). 
mange. An infectious cutaneous disorder, attended 
with loss of hair and a scaly eruption, affecting 
domestic animals, as the dog, cat, sheep, and cow, 
and sometimes transmitted to man; scabies 
ferina. [< F. manger to eat.] 
man'go. The fruit of Mangif'era in'dica, a large 
tree of tropical Asia. The seeds are anthelmin¬ 
tic; the fruit and resin astringent; the leaves 
tonic, sialagogic, and pulmonic ; and the bark of 
the root is astringent and alterative, 
man'go-steen. The shell of the fruit of Garcin'ia 
mangosta'na: used in dysentery. From it is ob¬ 
tained man'go-stine, a yellow, crystalline prin¬ 
ciple, C20H22O5: astringent and febrifuge, 
man'grove, red. Mangle: used in the treatment of 
leprosy. [If A./.D.’07.] 

ma'ni a. A form of insanity marked by an exalted 
but perverted mental activity. Delusions may or 
may not be present. ^ Delirium ; dysphrenia ; 
melancholia; psychosis. Among the many 
varieties of mania are Alcoholic, Ambitious, 
Bell’s, Dancing, Delusional, Ephemeral, 
Epileptic, Erotic, Homicidal, Hysterical, 
Incendiary, Lead, Metaphysical, Metastatic, 
Paroxysmal, Periodical, Puerperal, Relig¬ 
ious, Senile, Transitory, and Traumatic. M. 
a po'tu. I. Insanity resulting from excessive 
alcoholic drinking. 2. = delirium tremens. M. 
contionabun'da, the haranguing disease. M. erra- 
bun'da, the running=tosand=fro disease. [Tf L. ij. 
’10.] M. gra'vis = Bell’s disease. M. of perse¬ 
cution = delirium OF persecution. M. secan'- 
di, the desire to operate unnecessarily. M. si'ne 
delir'io, irresistible morbid impulses without de¬ 
lusions, often in the form of monomanias. 
ni a, as pyromania, etc. ma'ni ac. ma-ni'a-cal, 
as M. chorea = chorea insaniens. 
ma-ni-co-co'mi um. An asylum for the insane, 
ma-ni-cog'ra-phy. A treatise on insanity, 
man'i-cure. i. The professional care of the hand. 
2. One who cares for and beautifies the hands 
and finger-nails, Chiropodist. 
man'i-fest. Not concealed. M. hypermetropia, 

HYPERMETROPIA. 

ma-nig'ra-phy. = Manicography. 

Man'ihot. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants, 
natives of America. The root of M. uiilis'sima 
is a virulent poison in its natural or raw state; 
but after the poisonous juice is expressed it 
is used as a food and called cassava or man'i-oc. 


man'i-kin. A model of the whole or a part of 
the body for use in teaching anatomy, bandag¬ 
ing, etc. 

Manil'a hemp. = Abaca. M. itch, a variety of 
ringworm especially affecting soldiers in the 
tropics; Dhobie itch, 
man-i-lu'vi um. =Manuluvium. 
man'i-oc. Manihot. 

ma-nip-u-la'tion. i. The mode of handling uten¬ 
sils, materials, etc., in experimental philosophy: 
the performance of experiments. 2. Manual 
examination and treatment of parts of the body, 
as in shampooing: when done with both hands it 
is called conjoined m. [< L. manip'ulus handful.] 
ma-nip'u-lus. A handful; abbr. m. or man. [L., 
fr. ma'nus hand.] 

man'na*. i. The concrete saccharine exudation of 
Frax'inus or'nus Linn6 (Fam. Olea'cece). Manna 
is a gentle laxative, peculiarly well adapted to 
children and pregnant women. Dose, 16 Gm. 
(240 grs.). There are many varieties of unofficial 
manna, such as Armenian, Australian, Briangon, 
and Tamarisk manna. M.scroup, a granular kind 
of wheaten grits for invalids; the prepared seeds 
of the grass Glyce'ria flu'itans. 2. Edible lichens 
found in Arabia and Africa. [TJ Numb. xi. 6-9; 
Ex. xvi. 15.] 

man'nide. A deliquescent, syrupy substance, 
CgHjQO^, formed by dehydrating mannite. 
man'ni-tan. A kind of liquid uncrystallizable sugar, 
CgH4205, found in various cinchona barks or 
artificially prepared from mannite. (S- Oak» 

SUGAR. 

man'nite, man'ni-tol. A white, inodorous, crystal¬ 
lized solid, CgH440g, chiefly obtained from manna; 
sugar of manna. It is found, in honey and in 
numerous vegetables. 

man-nit'ic acid. An amorphous, gummy substance, 
CgH420Y, produced by the action of platinum* 
black on manna. M. fermentation, ts- viscous 

FERMENTATION, def. I. 

man'ni-tol. = M a n n i t e . 

man'ni-tose. An amorphous, syrupy substance, 
CgH420g, derived from mannite: apparently iden¬ 
tical with levulose. 

Mann'kopf’s symptom. Acceleration of the pulse 
upon pressure: absent in simulated pain, 
man-non'ic acid. A compound, CgH4207, formed 
by oxidizing mannose with bromine water, 
man'nose. A hard powder, CgH 420 g, obtained by 
oxidizing mannite and by hydrolysis from many 
natural carbohydrates. From it are derived the 
carbohydrates man-no-hep'tose, C7Hj407, man- 
no-non'ose, CgHjgOg, and man-nosoc'tose, CgH^gOg. 
man'ol. A proprietary whooping-cough remedy, 
ma-no'la. A proprietary tonic, 
ma-nom'e-ter. An instrument (that of Konig being 
most usually employed) for measuring variations 
in BLOOD-PRESSURE, which is negative in the 
right auricle and high in the left ventricle. To 
the mercurial manometer is attached a kymo¬ 
graph. [< fj.av 6 g thin -h /werpov measure.] fnian- 
o-met'ric, as M. cicatrices, scars in the tympanic 
membrane which move in and out with varia¬ 
tions in the intratympanic pressure, 
man'sroot. The root of Ipomoe'a pandura'ta, the 
wild jalap of the United States: sometimes used 
as a substitute for true official jalap, 
man'slaugh-ter. In law, the unlawful killing of a 
human being, but without malice or deliberate 
intention aforethought, as in the heat of passion, 
man'tle. The cerebral cortex. 


MANUAL 


538 


MARGINOFRONTAL 


man'ual. Relating to or performed by hand. 
M.sexercise bone = drillsbone. M. therapy, 
influencing of the centres of organic activity 
by mechanical stimulation through vasomotor 
nerves. 

manu'brium. A handle, M. mal'lei*, the inferior 
portion of the malleus. M. ma'nus, the radius, 
M. ster'ni*, the uppermost part of the sternum, 
[L,, fr, ma'nus hand.] fma-nu'bri al. 
manulu'vium. Ahandsbath; maniluvium, [L., fr. 

ma'nus Yia.nd+lava're wash.] 
ma'nus*. The hand. [L.] 
man’u-stu-pra'tion. = Masturbation. 
man'y-plies. The third compartment of the rumi¬ 
nant stomach; omasum; psalterium. [<A. S. 
man'ig many + L. plica're to fold.] 
man-za-nil'la. A variety of sherry wine, 
man-za-nil'lo. A euphorbiaceous tree of the West 
Indies, whose poisonous milky juice is a powerful 
cathartic in doses of 2 drops: also diuretic, and 
a violent irritant to the skin, 
man-za-ni'ta. Arctostaph'ylos glau'ca, a tree or 
shrub of California. The leaves are useful in 
urinary troubles, and are tonic, astringent, and 
sialagogic. [Sp., “ little apple.”] 

Manz’s glands Cmants'tz). Glandular depressions in 
the border of the eyelids. [W. Manz, 1833- .] 
ma'ple. The popular name for many species of 
trees of the genus A'cer. The inner bark of some 
of the species is a mild astringent. M.ssugar, a 
variety of saccharose or cane-sugar obtained from 
the sap of A'cer sacchari'num in the spring; 
saccharum acernum or canadense. 
mapped tongue. = Geographical tongue. 
Maraglia'no’s necrosis. = Endoglobular necro¬ 
sis. M.’s serum, an antituberculous serum pre¬ 
pared by mixing tuberculous toxalbumin (the 
toxin proper) with watery tuberculin (endotoxin) 
in the proportion of i to 3: very poisonous and 
little used at the present time, 

Maran'ta. Arrow-root, a genus of marantaceous 
herbaceous plants, natives of tropical America. 
M. arundina'cea of Bermuda is the best known 
species. Its rhizome yields a starch which is 
nutritious and demulcent, affording a light, mild, 
and easily digested article of diet, well adapted 
for babies and for the sick and convalescent, and 
peculiarly suited to bowel complaints, owing to 
its slight constipating qualities, and to diseases 
of the urinary passages. [<B. Maranti, a Vene¬ 
tian botanist.] 

ma-ran'tic. Associated with marasmus or with a 
wasting disease; atrophic. M. thrombosis, the 
occurrence of thrombi shortly before death in 
lowered states of the body, 
mar-as-chi'no. A cordial, or liqueur, made from 
small bitter cherries. [It.] 
ma-ras*mo-py'ra. Hectic fever, [< L. maras'mus 
wasting away-f-7ri)/i fever.] 
ma-ras'mus. A withering or wasting away due to 
disturbances of the nutritive functions; a general 
and progressive deterioration of the vital forces, 
with emaciation and atrophy; malnutrition; 
marcor; inanition; seen especially in children 
reared unhygienically. Senile m., ts- senility. 
[< papaivELv to wither.] fma-ras-mat'ic, ma- 
ras'mic, as M. clot or thrombosis, ma-ras'moid. 
mar'ble. Calcium carbonate in the form of a 
hard mineral. White marble (Mar'mor al'bum 
of the B. P.) is used in making carbonic acid 
water and other effervescent preparations. [ < 
L. mar'mor.] 


marc. The pomace or refuse after expression of 
the juice or oil from a fruit. [F.] 
mar-ca-si'ta. Metallic bismuth. [Tf R. ’05.] 
March’s disease. = Exophthalmic goitre. 
mar'cid. Withered; emaciated. [< L, mar'cidus.] 
mar'COTf-pi. marco'res. = Marasmus. [<L. mar- 
ce're to wither,] 

Mar^chal’s test (ma-re-shalz). A test for bile- 
pigments in the urine, made by carefully dropping 
tincture of iodine on the urine in a test-tube, a 
green color being formed where they touch, 
mar-em-mat'ic fever. = Malaria. 
ma-ren'nin. A green pigment from oysters, 
mar'e-o. i. = Sea-sickness. 2, =Veta. [Sp.] 
ma-re'tin. Metatolylhydrazine carbaminate, a taste¬ 
less drug, alleged to be used with benefit in 
tuberculosis, in doses of 0.2 to 0.5 Gm. (3 to 8 
grs.). 

Ma'rey’s cardiograph, Cardiograph. 
mar-gar'ic acid. A fatty acid, Cjc^Hg^Oj, found in 
ADiPocERE. Oleic, palmitic, and stearic 
ACIDS. ’fmar'ga-Tate, a salt of margaric acid, 
mar'ga-rin, mar'ga-rine. i, A mixture of stearin 
and PALMITIN, which appears under the micro¬ 
scope in the forpi of needles, [^ I. M. ’05.] 
2. Oleomargarine. 

mar'ga-ri-to'ma. A cholesteatomatous formation 
in the auditory canal. [< fidpyapov pearl 4- -oma.] 
mar'ga-roid tumor. A cholesteatomatous tumor of 
a pearly appearance, 
mar'ga-rone. =Palmitone. 
mar'gin. = Margo*. [L.] 

mar'gi-nal. Placed upon or relating to the margin. 
M. abscess, a superficial abscess near the orifice 
of the anus. M. artery, either of two arteries, 
a right and a left, branches, respectively, of the 
right and left coronary artery, and descending 
the one along the right and the other along the 
left border of the heart. M. blepharitis = bleph¬ 
aritis MARGINALIS. M. bundle = ANTERIOR MAR¬ 
GINAL BUNDLE. M. cells, the small granular cells 
found next the basement membrane of mucous 
glands; border cells; parietal cells. They are 
a-ggregated at the sides of the alveoli in the form 
of crescents {crescents of Gianuzzi) . M. convolu¬ 
tion or gyrus, a convolution of the frontal lobe 
bordering on the callosomarginal fissure, M. fis¬ 
sure, a fissure on the mesial aspect of the cere¬ 
brum, perpendicular to the corpus callosum and 
forming the cephalic boundary of the paracentral 
convolution. M. keratitis, phlyctenular disease 
seated upon the rim of the cornea. M. lobe, 
the first frontal convolution extending along the 
margin of the longitudinal fissure. M. process, 
I®* ZYGOMA. M. sinuses, two venous sinuses of 
the cranium extending one from each lateral 
sinus around the foramen magnum to the occip¬ 
ital sinus. M. vein, either of two veins accom¬ 
panying the marginal arteries and emptying into 
the great coronary vein. M. zone, a peculiar 
striated border covering the outer ends of the 
cells of certain columnar epithelium, notably 
that of the intestines; basal border; border 
zone. [< L. margina'lis, fr. mar'go border.] 
mar-gi-na'tion. Collecting at the border, as of the 
leucocytes in inflammation, 
mar-gi-na'tus. An efflorescence which is not sharply 
limited, but fades into the healthy skin. [L.] 
mar*gi-no-fron'tal arteries. Branches of the corti¬ 
cal division of the anterior cerebral artery sup¬ 
plying the marginal convolution and the first, 
second, and ascending frontal convolutions. 


MARGINOPLASTY 


534 


MARSH 


mar*gin-o-plas'ty. The surgical restoration of a 
border or margin, as of an eyelid {Palpebral m.). 
mar'go*, pi. mar'gines. A margin or border. M. 

acu'tus, the lower border of the heart. [L.] 
mar-go'sa oil. An anthelmintic oil from the seeds 
of Me'lia azed'arach. 

mar'go-sine. A bitter alkaloid from the bark of 
Me'lia azed'arach. 

Marie’s disease (ma-riz). Acromegaly. M.’s sign 
or symptom, tremor of the extremities or the 
entire body, in exophthalmic goitre, 
mar'i-gold. Any one of various plants with golden 
yellow blossoms. Calendula*: Tagetes. 



Marigold. 


Marsh Marigold. 


Marsh m., the perennial plant, Cal'tha palus'tris. 
ma-rine' acid. = Hydrochloric acid. M. salt, 
sodium chloride; common salt. 

Mariotte’s experiment (ma-ri-ots'). A curious ex¬ 
periment of the Abbe Mariotte, which consists 
in putting two small round spots on a wall a 
few inches from each other, then standing, with 
the left eye closed, opposite the left-hand figure 
and looking at it with the right eye: upon walk¬ 
ing back some distance, the right-hand spot will 
become invisible. M.’s law = Boyle’s law. M.’s 

spot = OPTIC DISK. 

ma-ris'cae. =Condylomata acuminata. 
mard-to-nu'cle us. The nucleus of the ovum after 
its union with the nucleus of the sperm-cell; the 
segmentation nucleus. [<L. mari'tus married 
NUCLEUS.] tniar*i-to-nu'cle ar. 

Marjolin’s ulcer (mar-zho-lahz). An ulcer form¬ 
ing on the site of an old scar: usually of an 
epitheliomatous character, 
mar'jo-ram. = Origanum. . 

mark. A spot or stain, especially a n.evus. Spe¬ 
cially named varieties of m. are Birth=^m., Mother’s 
m., PorUwine^m., Sirawberry^m., Wine=m., etc. 
mar'ka-sol. Bismuth borophenate, an antiseptic 
dusting powder. 

mark'ings. ts~ Fontana’s markings. 
mar'me-los. i^.(^^gle marmelos. 
mar'mor. = Marble. [L.] 

Mar -mo-rek’s' serum, i. An antistreptococcic se¬ 
rum; antistreptococcin ; mar-mo-re'kin. 2. 
An antituberculous serum and vaccine, similar to 
Maragliano’s serum. 

mar'mot oil. The oil derived from the fat of the 
European or the American marmot; often used 
as the basis of various popular liniments. 
Marriot’s dry vomit (mar'i-ots). An emetic con¬ 
sisting of equal parts of copper sulphate and 
tartar emetic. 

mar’rol. A proprietary preparation containing 
marrow and malt extract. 


mar'row. The fatty, oleaginous substance in the 
cavities of long cylindrical bones {yellow m.), 
containing 96% fat, and but few marrow-cells 
and MYELOPLAXES, or the primarily existing 
embryonic m., which has as its prototype red m., 
in the cavities of cancellous tissue of the flat and 
short bones, articular ends of long bones, cranial 
diploe, etc., and which contains true marrow- 
cells, ERYTHROBLASTS, MYELOPLAXES, and 
splenic cells, to which cells its red color is due. 
Marrow shows many morbid changes in such dis¬ 
eases as idiopathic an.emia, leuk.emia, small¬ 
pox, pneumonia, etc. Therapeutically it is used 
fresh, spread on bread, or as a glycerin extract. 
i^Myelo-. Black m., seen in horses affected 
with MELANOSIS. M.scell, any one of the large 
cells resembling leucocytes and characteristic of 
true marrow; myelocyte. Gelatinous m., mar¬ 
row of the diploe of the aged which has under¬ 
gone degenerative changes. M.sgland, a haemo- 
lymph gland resembling bone*marrow. M.=soap, 
soap prepared from soda and ox^marrow. M.s 
spaces, the cavities of cancellous tissue containing 
marrow. Spinal (vertebral) m. = myelon. [< 
A. S. mearg; L. medul'la; Gr. pve'k 6 q.'\ 
mar-ru'bi um*. The dried leaves and flowering 
tops of M. vulga're, a labiate plant; horehound. 
It is tonic, in large doses laxative, and used in 
catarrhal and other chronic affections of the 
lungs, and yields mar-ru'bi-ine, a bitter febri¬ 
fugal principle. Dose of powder, 2 Gm.(3o grs.). 



Marrubium.—Microscopic Appearance. 


mars, gen. mar'tis. =Iron. The Tinctura martis 
is the tincture of iron. [L. ^ R. ’05.] fniar'tial, 
ferruginous, as a M. remedy. 

Marsa'la. A strong, sweetish wine from Marsala, 
in Sicily. 

Marsde'nia. A genus of asclepiadaceous shrubs 
or twining plants. M. tincto'ria affords a blue 
dye resembling indigo. M. erec'ta has a poi¬ 
sonous, milky juice capable of raising blisters. 
Mars'den’s paste. A caustic paste of i part arsenic 
oxide and 2 parts gum arabic. 

Mar-seilles vinegar. =Acetum aromaticum. 
marsh. An uncultivated piece of land, very wet, 
or partly covered with stagnant water and es¬ 
pecially suitable for the growth of mosquitoes. 
M. elder = Viburnum opulus. M. fever, inter¬ 
mittent fever; paludal fever; malarial fever. M. 
gas, methane, CH^, an abundant product of the 
decomposition of organic matter in swamps 
and found in expired air and in the intestines. 
M.sgas fermentation, fermentation of cellulose 
taking place in marshes, soil, dung, etc., resulting 
in the production of methane, carbon dioxide, 
hydrogen sulphide, etc. M. marigold, gb- mari¬ 
gold. M. rosemary = Statice limonium. M. 
tea = Ledum palustre. M. trefoil, ly trefoil. 








MARSHALLsHALL’S DISEASE 


535 


MASSA 


Mar'shallsHall’s disease. A chronic intestinal ca¬ 
tarrh seen in hydrocephaloid infants. M.sH.’s 
facies, the prominent forehead and small features 
found in hydrocephalus. M.sH.’s method = 
THESIOPNCEA. {< Marshall Hall, 1790-1857.] 
Mar'shall’s fold. = Vestigial fold. M.’s oblique 
vein, a vein crossing the left auricle of the heart; 
vena obliqua atrii sinisiri [MarshalliY^. It is the 
remains of the left duct of Cuvier. M.’s pill, 
cathartic pill, made of i grain each of compound 
extract of colocynth, mass of mercury, powdered 
aloes, powdered rhubarb, and powdered soap, 
marsh-mal'low. = Althea officinalis. 

Marsh’s test for arsenic. The deoxidation of the 
arsenic by the action of nascent hydrogen 
obtained by dissolving zinc in dilute sulphuric 



Marsh’s Apparatus. —Arsenic in the hydrogen genera¬ 
tor is reduced to arsine, passed through the drying- 
tube, decomposed by heat, and deposited in the capil¬ 
lary tube as a mirror of metallic arsenic. 

acid, arseniuretted hydrogen gas being evolved 
thereby. A few drops of platinic chloride will 
facilitate the reaction. The greatest care must 
be exercised by first performing a blank test to 
see that the reagents used are free from arsenic. 
If arsenic be present and a piece of porcelain be 
held against the flame of the ignited gas, metallic 
arsenic, which is soluble in sodium hypochlorite 
solution, will be deposited thereon. In the 
MarshsBerzelius test the arsenic is deposited as a 
mirror upon a heated capillary glass tube. 

mar-su'pi um, pi. -pia. A pouch, as the cerebellar, 
cerebral, or scrotal m., especially the peritoneal 
pouch (broodspouch) in which the new-born 
young are carried by the females of a subclass of 
Mamma'lia (Marsupia'lia) , which includes the 
opossum and kangaroo. Marsu'pia patella'ria, 
the alar ligaments of the knee-joints. [ < papoiTToq 
©r fiapavTTLOv little pouch.] ti“ar-su'pi al, as M. 
incisure = incisura cerebelli poste¬ 

rior*. mar-su‘pi-a-li-za'tion, an operation in 
which any portions of the ovary remaining are 
stitched to the abdominal wound. 

martial (mar'shal). i^Mars. 

Mar'tin’s bandages. India-rubber bandages used in 
the treatment of varicose veins. M.’s depilatory, 
calcium sulphydrate. M.’s haemostatic, surgeons’ 
agaric treated with ferric chloride. M.’s opera¬ 
tion, an operation for closing the vagina after a 
circular amputation of the cervix uteri. M.’s 
yellow, a histological stain. 


mar'tol. A dietetic preparation made from cacao. 
Maru'ta cot'ula. Mayweed, an ill-smelling compos¬ 
ite plant, with properties like those of chamomile. 
Ma'ryland pink. =Spigelia*. 

Mas. pil. Abbr. for L. mas'sa pilula'rum, pill-mass, 
mas-cag'nin. An American ammonium sulphate. 
mas'chal-. Relating to the axilla or armpit: a 
combining form. [< paaxh’kri axilla.] mas*- 
chal-ad-e-ni'tis, inflammation of the glands of 
the axilla.— mas-cha'le ous, relating to the axilla 
or armpit.— mas-cha-lon'cus, tumor in the axilla. 
— mas-chaky-per-i-dro'sis, mas*chal-eph-i-dro'- 
sis, excessive sweating of the armpits, 
mas-chi'. An arrow-poison of British Guiana, 
mas'cu-line. Male, or belonging to the male sex: 
resembling a man or male. M. pelvis = funnel- 
shaped pelvis, fmas-cu-lin'i-ty. 
mas*cu-lo-nu'cle us. The male pronucleus, fmas*- 
cu-lo-nu'cle ar. 

mash. A soft, pulpy mass. Brewer’s m., ground 
malt or meal steeped in hot water, Whisky. 
mask. I . A bandage applied over the face in cases 
of erysipelas, bums, or scalds, or for the applica¬ 
tion of an anaesthetic. Kuhn’s lungssuction m. 
of the face produces hyperaemia of the pulmonary 
apices: used in incipient tuberculosis, ts" Death- 
mask; Hutchinson’s M. 2. A form of chloasma 
UTERINUM in which there is facial pigmentation; 
uterine mask. [ < F. masquer to disguise.] 
fmasked, concealed or latent, as a disease or a 
usual symptom of disease hidden by concomitant 
symptoms: M. ague — dumb ague: M. epilepsy, 
an attack of epilepsy in which the period of un¬ 
consciousness is brief and may even pass un¬ 
noticed: M. goM/= LATENT GOUT: M. pestilence 
= PESTis minor: and M. reaction, a chemical 
reaction concealed by the simultaneous produc¬ 
tion of another reaction. 

mas'och-ism. A form of sexual perversion in which 
a male pervert (mas'o-chist) takes pleasure in 
being subjected to degrading and cruel acts by 
his female companion; passivism. [< Sacher- 
Masoch, an Austrian novelist.] fmas-o-chis'tic. 
ma'sons’ lung. A variety of occupation pneumo- 
noconiosis, due to inhaling lime- and brick-dust, 
mas'o-pine. A crystallizable resinoid obtained from 
Mexican chicle. 

masque des femmes enceintes. = Chloasma ute¬ 
rinum. [F.] 

mas'ri um. An element known as yet only in its 
salts: atomic weight, 228.0; symbol, Ms. 
mass. =Massa. ^ Priestley’s m. ; Schulze’s 
GRANULE M.; StENT’s M. 

mas'sa, pi. -see. i. A collection or lump of matter; 
mass. M. car'nea jaco'bi syl'vii, fleshy mass of 
Jacobus Sylvius (Jacques Dubois, 1478-1555) ;the 
flexor accessorius muscle of the foot. M. in- 
nomina'ta = paradidymis. M. latera'lis, either 
of the two columns forming the most massive 
portions of the atlas. 2. A medicinal sub¬ 
stance in a plastic condition. M. copai'bae, the 
1890 U. S. P. name for mass of copaiba, a mixture 
of 94 parts of copaiba and 6 parts of magnesia; 
solidified copaiba. M. fer'ri carbona'tis*, mass of 
ferrous carbonate, or Vallet’s ferruginous mass, 
containing nearly half its weight of ferrous car¬ 
bonate: extremely valuable in simple anaemia 
and chlorosis. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.), in pill 
form. IS-Pilule ferri carbonatis*. M. hy- 
drar'gyri*, mass of mercury, or blue mass, made 
by rubbing 33 parts by weight of mercury with 
33 parts of honey of rose until globules of mer- 


























































MASSAGE 


536 


MASTO- 


cury are no longer visible under a lens magnifying 
at least ten diameters, and then adding lo parts 
of glycyrrhiza, 15 parts of althaea, and 9 parts of 
glycerin. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). ^ Pilul^e 
HYDRARGYRi. M. pilula'iis, a pilhmass. 
massage (ma-sazh). The systematic therapeutic 
application to the muscles and accessible parts 
of the body, by one having some knowledge of 
anatomy and physiology, of friction, hacking, 
kneading {petrissage), pressing, rubbing, slapping 
(tapSiement), straining, stroking (effleurage), tap¬ 
ping, thrusting, or other passive and active 
movements. Massering; masseur; mas¬ 
seuse. Specially named varieties are Abdom¬ 
inal, Air* (pneumomassage), Electrovibra- 
TORY, Vapor, Vibratory, etc., according to 
location or specific character. M. of the heart, 
massage applied to the heart: sometimes directly 
upon it in chloroform syncope. fnia-S-sag'ing, 
mas-sa'gist. mas*so-ther'a-py. 

Mas'sai disease. A supposed filarial infection, seen 
in East Africa, attended with fever, tenderness 
of the abdomen, and vomiting. [TJ O. ’06.] 
mas'ser-ing. The act of practising massage. M.* 
ball, a ball in a socket, for the treatment of acne, 
mas-se'ter. A short, thick muscle of the lower jaw 
on each side of the face; musculus masseter*. 
mas-se-ter'ic. Relating to the masseter muscle. 
M. artery, i. A branch of the facial artery. 2. 
A branch of the internal maxillary artery. 3. A 
branch of the temporal artery. M. fascia, the 
fascia covering the masseter muscle. M. nerve, 
a branch of the inferior maxillary nerve. M. 
veins, i. Veins conveying the blood from the 
external surface of the masseter muscle and emp¬ 
tying into the facial vein. 2. Veins conveying 
the blood from the deep surface (masseter inter- 
nus) of the masseter muscle and emptying into 
the internal maxillary vein 
Mas'set’s test. A test for bilespigments, made by 
adding to the urine two or three drops of sul¬ 
phuric acid and a crystal of potassium nitrite: a 
grass*green color forms if bile be present, 
masseur (ma-ser). i. A man who performs mas¬ 
sage; a male rubber. 2. An instrument for 
massaging. [F.] f masseuse (ma-s^z), a woman 
who performs massage; a female rubber, 
mas'si-cot. Yellow lead mon¬ 
oxide, PbO. 

mas'sive pneumonia, ts- 

Pneumonia. 

Massoi'a. A genus of East 
Indian laurinaceous trees. 

M. aromat'ica furnishes 
mas-soi' or mas-soy' bark: 
used in diarrhoea, etc. 

Mas'sol’s bacillus. = Bul¬ 
garian bacillus, t nias'- 
so-lin, a proprietary prep¬ 
aration of this organism, 
mas-tad-e-ni'tis. Inflamma¬ 
tion of the mamma, 
mas-tal'gi a. Pain in the 
mammary gland, 
mas-tat-ro'phi a, mas-tat'ro- 
phy. Mammary atrophy, 
mas-taux'e. Swelling or en¬ 
largement of the breast, 
mast'scell. A pathological 
type of cell found along 
with MYELOCYTES and stimulation forms of cells, 
containing a delicate spherical or ovoid nucleus 


surrounded by deeply*staining granules, belong¬ 
ing to the “7” or basophile class: found in the 
blood in leucocythaemia, and in tissue affected 
with chronic inflammation, and to some extent 
in normal blood and tissues. [ < Ger. Mastzelle.] 
mas'ter-wort. Angelica atropurpurea; Her- 
ACLEUM lanatum; Imperatoria ostruthium. 
mas-te'sis. = Mastication. [Rare.] 
mas-thel-co'sis, mas-tel-co'sis. Ulceration of the 
mamma or breast, 
mas'tic. =Mastiche*. 

mas-ti-ca'tion. The act or process of taking into 
the mouth, chewing, and insalivating food; mas- 
TESis. The muscles of mastication are the tem¬ 
poral and masseter which close the mouth, the 
mylohyoid and digastric which open it, and the 
pterygoids which produce the .lateral movements, 
fmas'ti-ca-ting. 

mas'ti-ca-tor, mas'ti-ca-to-ry. i. Relating to 
mastication. M. nerve, the inferior maxillary 
division of the fifth cranial nerve. M. paralysis, 
paralysis of masticatory muscles. M. plane, 
the plane tangent to the masticating surface 
of the teeth of the upper jaw. M. spasm, a tonic 
spasm of the jaws due to irritation of the motor 
portion of the fifth nerve, as in tetanus, or a 
clonic spasm (chattering teeth) in a chill or epilep¬ 
tiform convulsion. 2. A medicine to be chewed, 
or a substance that is chewed (but not swal¬ 
lowed), to perfume the breath or increase the 
secretion of saliva, as betel, tobacco, cocoa, 
mastiche* (mas'U'-ci), Mastic, the concrete resin¬ 
ous exudation from Pista'cia leniis'cus, containing 
mas'ti-cin, a peculiar resinous principle, C4oHg202. 
It is a stimulant and tonic, but is rarely given 
internally except in combination. It is used as a 
varnish, as in covering plaster*of*Paris casts and 
hardened brains, and for filling teeth. Dose, 2 
Gm. (30 grs.). tar Pilule aloes et mastiches*. 
[L., fr. paarixVi fr. fiaarixav to chew.] fmas- 
tich'ic acid, the beta*resin of mastiche, C20H32O2. 
mas-ti-goph'o-ra. Flagellated organisms, [<//doT/f 
whip.] 

mas-ti-go'sis. Flagellation or scourging, 
mas-ti'tis. Inflammation of the breast or mammary 
gland, Parenchymatous ; phlegmonous m. 
M. neonato'nim, a painful swelling of one or both 
breasts in new*bom infants giving rise to the 
secretion of Hexenmilch. Retromammary or 
submammary m. = paramastitis. 
masto-. Pertaining to the breast or to the mastoid 
process of the temporal bone: a combining form. 
{<^ paardQ breast.] mas'to-car-ci-no'ma, cancer 
of the breast.— mas'to-chon-dro'ma, chondroma 
or cartilaginous tumor of the breast.— mas-to- 
dyn'ia, pain in the breast.— mas-tol'o-gy, the 
science of the mammary apparatus.— mas-to- 
me'ni a, metastasis of the menstrual flow to the 
breasts.— mas-ton'cus, a tumor of the mammary 
region.— mas*tosoc-cip'i-tal,asM. suture, a suture 
between the mastoid process and the occipital 
bone.— mas*to-pa-ri'e-tal, as M. suture, a suture 
between the mastoid process and the parietal 
bone.— mas-top'a-thy, pain in the female breast. 

— mas'to-pex-y, mammary fixation.— mas'to- 
pi-me-lon'cus, a fatty swelling or tumor in the 
breast. mas-tor-rha'gi a, sudden hemorrhage 
from the breast.— mas-to-scir'rhus, scirrhus of the 
breast.— mas-to'sis, enlargement of the mamma. 

— mas-to-spar-go'sis, distention of the mamma, 
mas-to-syr'inx, a fistula of the mamma.—■ 

mas-tot'o-my, surgical incision of the breast. 



Three Mast-cells 
in the Blood. 


MASTOID 


537 


MATTA 


mas'toid, -toi'dal, -toi'deal, -toi'dean. i. Resem¬ 
bling or relating to the breast or nipple. M. 
sarcoma, a sarcoma of the breast. 2. Associated 
with, or related to, the mastoid process, as the 
mastoid cells, artery, foramen, etc. M. abscess, 
abscess of the mastoid cells. M. angle, the 
posterior inferior angle of the parietal bone; 
angulus masioideus*, M. antrum = antrum op 
THE MASTOID. M. aperture, the petromastoid 
foramen. M. artery. i. A small twig from the 
occipital artery passing into the skull through 
the mastoid foramen to the dura mater, the 
diploe, and the mastoid cells. 2. A branch of 
the posterior auricular artery over the insertion 
of the sternomastoid. 3. A twig from the stylo¬ 
mastoid artery to the mastoid cells and antrum. 
M. artery, middle, the sternomastoid artery. M. 
bone, the mastoid part of the temporal bone. 
M. canaliculus, a passage from the jugular fossa 
of the temporal bone to the tympanicomastoid 
fissure, giving passage to the auricular branch of 
the vagus; canaliculus mastoideus*. M. cavity, a 
large cavity sometimes formed by coalescence of 
the mastoid cells. M. cells = m. sinuses. M. 
diameter, s^bimastoid diameter. M. disease 
= MASTOIDITIS. M. emissary vein, a vein passing 
through the mastoid foramen and entering the 
lateral sinus; emissarium mastoideum*. M. fo¬ 
ramen, a canal near the posterior border of the 
mastoid portion of the temporal bone; foramen 
mastoideum*. M. gland = subauricular gland. 
M. groove = digastric groove. M. muscle, 
the sternocleidomastoid muscle. M. notch = 
DIGASTRIC GROOVE. M. Operation, opening and 
draining the mastoid portion of the temporal 
bone for the relief of mastoiditis. M. part or 
portion, the lower hind part of the temporal bone 
which has on it the mastoid process; pars mas- 
toidea*-. M. process, a prominence of the tem¬ 
poral bone resembling a nipple or teat, which 
can be felt behind the lower part of the ear; 
processus mastoideus*. ^ Temporal bone ; mas¬ 
toiditis. M. sinuses, cells occupying the interior 
of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone; 
mastoid cells; cellulae mastoideae*. M. teeth, teeth 
sometimes found in the mastoid portion of the 
temporal bone in horses. [ < paaroq breast + 

el 6 og form.] 

mas-toi-da'le. A craniometrical point, being the 
lowest point of the mastoid process. [L.] 
mas'toi-d^'gi a, -de-al'gia. Pain in the mastoid 
process. 

mas-toi'de-o-cen-te'sis, mas*toi-do-cen-te'sis. Sur¬ 
gical perforation of the mastoid process, 
mastoi'deus col'li. = Sternocleidomastoideus. 
mas-toi-di'tis. Inflammation of or within the mas¬ 
toid antrum and cells. It may be attended with 
hardening and condensation of the bone, and is 
then called sclerosing m., or, in case the pus 
escapes into the sternocleidomastoid muscle, 
Bezold’s m. 

mas-toi-dot'o-my. Incision into the mastoid cells, 
mas-tur-ba'tion. Production of the venereal or¬ 
gasm by friction with the hand or other mechan¬ 
ical means; selfspollution; mentulomania. 
Onanism. [< L. masturba'ri to masturbate.] 
fmas'tur-ba-tor. 

mas-tu'ri a. The alleged metastasis of urine to the 
mammary glands. 

Ma'tas’s operation. The incision of an aneurism, 
removal of the clot, and closing of the opening 
by fine stitches (arteriorrhaphy). 


matchsma'kers’ disease. Phosphorus necrosis, 
ma't^. = Paraguay tea. 

ma'ter. Mother. ^ Dura m.;pia m. M. ace'ti, 
mother of vinegar, a mouldsplant, belonging to 
the genus Mycoder'ma, which develops in vinegar. 
M. metallo'rum, mercury. [L.] fnia-ter'nal, as 
M. dystocia, dystocia; M. impressions, im¬ 
pressions from the outer world supposed to act 
through the mother upon the development of the 
foetus; and M. mark = N^vus maternus. 
mate'ria med'ica. That branch of the science of 
medicine which considers the various substances 
which are employed therapeutically. [L.] 
ma-te'ri al. Instruments and subject matter taken 
together, as embryological material, or subject 
matter alone, as dissecting material, 
mate'ries mor'bi. That principle, substance, or 
condition which is the essential cause and feature 
of disease. [L.] 

ma-ter'ni-ty. i. Motherhood. 2. A lyingsin hos¬ 
pital. 

Ma-thieu’s serum or solution. A serum for injection 
in infectious diseases, consisting of sodium sul¬ 
phate, 6 Gm.; sodium phosphate, 4 Gm.; sodium 
chloride, iGm.; glycerin, 20 Gm.; and distilled 
water to 100 Cc. 

mat'iasbark. =Malambo bark. 
ma-ti'co*. i. The South American Pi'per angus- 
tifo'lium (Artan'the elonga'ta), a shrub growing 
wild in the interior of Peru. 2. The U. S. P. 
name for the leaves of Piper angustifolium, 
containing a bitter, crystalline principle called 
ma-ti'cene. Matico is an aromatic stimulant and 
tonic, used, like cubebs, to act on the mucous 
membrane of the urinary passages and vagina ir, 
gonorrhoea. It has also been used as a styptic 
in haematemesis, haematu- 
ria, etc. Dose of powder, 

4 Gm. (60 grs.). ^Fluid- 

EXTRACTUM MATICO*. 

Matrica'ria*. i. A genus of 
composite plants, natives 
of Europe and the United 
States. 2. The U. S. P. 
name for the dried flower* 
heads of M. chamomiVla, 
or German chamomile, a 
native of Europe. It is a 
mild tonic, and in very 
large doses emetic. Dose, 

12 Gm. (180 grs.). 
mat'ri-cide. The killing, or Matricaria (German 
the murderer, of one’s own Chamomile). 

mother, fmat'ri-ci-dal. 

ma-tric-u-la'tion. The enrolling of one’s name on 
the register of a college or other institution as a 
preparatory step to being admitted to studying 
therein. A person who is thus enrolled is called 
a ma-tric'u-late or ma-tric'u-lant. [< L. matric'- 
ula register, list of names.] 
ma'tri-cyte. A mother*cell. 

ma'trix, pi. i. A mould. 2. The womb. 

3. That part of a tissue in which the cells are 
embedded; the intercellular substance, as the 
M. of bone. 4. The nail*bed, inflammation of 
which is called ma-trix-i'tis. 5. The formative 
organ of a tooth, consisting of a pulp and a 
capsule. 6. In dyeing the word has reference 
to the colors black, white, blue, red, and yellow. 
[L.] 

mat'ta. An adulterant for pepper, from the outer 
part of a variety of milletsseed. [H R. ’05.] 



MATTER 


538 


MAXIMUM 


mat'ter. i. That which is visible or tangible; sub¬ 
stance; that which occupies space and has phys¬ 
ical, chemical, or mechanical properties; the 
material part of nature. White m., the pearb 
colored substance of the brain and spinal cord. 
2. A popular term for pus. Cheesy m., an ends 
product of tuberculosis. [< L. mate'ries.} 
mat'toid. A person showing a tendency to insanity; 

a “ crank.” [< L. mat'tus drunk-f-eldof form.] 
mat'tress suture. A continuous suture applied back 
and forth through both lips of the wound, 
mat'u-la. A vessel or pot, especially an urinal. [L.] 
mat'u-ra. A plant used in treating menorrhagia, 
mat-u-ra'tion. i. The process succeeding inflam¬ 
mation, by which pus is formed in an abscess. 
2. The ripening of the ovum preparatory to im¬ 
pregnation. fniat'u-rant, a medicine that hastens 
suppuration, mat'u-rate. mat'u-ra-tive. 
ma-ture'. Fully developed. M. cataract, a cataract 
with complete opacity, the lens separable from 
its capsule, and hence ready to be operated upon, 
ma-tu'ri-ty, ma-tu'ri-tas. Full development; ripe¬ 
ness; the stage of complete suppuration. Pre¬ 
cocious m. or M. prae'cox, precocity; premature 
development of parts of the body, especially of 
the genitalia. 

mat-u-ti'nal, mat-u-ti'nus. Relating to or happen¬ 
ing in the morning, as M. bath; abbr. matut. 
mat-zoon'. An Oriental preparation of milk made 
by fermentation and used as a food, is- Koumiss. 
tmat'zol, a proprietary mixture of matzoon and 
codsliver oil. 

Mauchart’s ligament (m 6 -sh 4 rz). The alar odon¬ 
toid ligament. 

Maumen^’s test (mom-n^z). A test for glucose, 
made by heating the suspected solution with 
stannous chloride, when a darksbrown precipitate 
will be formed if glucose be present. 

Mauriceau’s lance (mo-ri-soz). A lancesshaped 
knife used in embryotomy. 

Mauri'tia flexuo'sa. The moriche or sea^palm grow¬ 
ing along the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. 
Maury’s ointment (mo-riz). A compound rhubarb 
ointment. R. ’05.] 

Mauthner’s sheath (maut'n?rz). A layer of gran¬ 
ular substance beneath the neurilemma. At 
Ranvier’s nodes it passes inward and separates 
the MYELIN from the axissCylinder. 
mau-van'i-line. A brown to purple coal*tar dye. 
mau'veine. A violet dye, C2.7H24N4, discovered by 
the late William Henry Perkin in 1856; aniline 
purple; indisin: the first dye obtained from the 
coabtar derivative aniline. 
maVi. An alcoholic drink of the West Indies, 
maw'sseed. Poppy^seed. 

maw'sworm. Oxyuris vermicularis, or thread* 
worm. Large m. = Ascaris lumbricoides. 
max-il'la*. i. In the BN A the upper jaw-bone. 
2. Either the upper or the lower jaw*bone, though 
usually the terms superior or inferior are pre¬ 
fixed to indicate which one. i^ Mandible. [L.] 
fmax'il-la-ry, max-il'lar, as M. angle of Camper, 
the angle included between two lines from the 
point of contact of the upper and lower central 
incisor teeth to the ophryon and the most prom¬ 
inent point of the lower jaw: M. antrum = 
antrum of Highmore: M. arch, ^visceral 
arches: M. arteries, two arteries, the external or 
facial artery, a branch of the external carotid, 
and the internal, also originating from the ex¬ 
ternal carotid: M. tone = maxilla: M. canal = 
DENTAL canal: M. cells, half cells upon the 


upper surface of the nasal process of the maxilla, 
forming complete cells when joined to the eth¬ 
moid: M. centre, one of the ossification centres 
of the maxilla, forming the nasal process and 
the greater part of the body of that bone: M. 
fissure, a fissure on the upper surface of the su¬ 
perior maxillary bone for the maxillary process 
of the palate bone: M. foramen, anterior, the 
mental foramen: M. foramen, inferior or poste¬ 
rior, the inferior dental foramen: M. foramen, 
superior, the posterior dental canal: M. glands, 
submaxillary and sublingual glands: M. index, 
the number obtained by dividing the alveolo- 
nasal line multiplied by 100 by the maximum 
maxillary diameter: M. process, an inward* 
curving plate below the ethmoid process of the 
inferior turbinal bone, inserted into a notch at 
the lower border of the aperture of the antrum; 
processus maxillaris*. M. process, superior, an 
eminence on the face of the embryo surrounding 
the primitive mouth, which develops into the 
superior maxilla and the malar bone; maxillo- 
palatine process: M. ridge, a ridge of vascular 
tissue along the alveolar processes of the maxil¬ 
lary bones of the foetus; dental crest: M. sector, 
a sector bounded by radii from the punctum alae 
vomeris to the punctum nasofrontale and spinae 
nasalis posterioris: M. sinus, an air*space in the 
maxilla opening into the middle meatus of the 
nose; Highmore’s antrum; sinus maxillaris*: M. 
tuberosity, an eminence at the lower part of the 
zygomatic surface of the superior maxillary bone: 
and M. vein, external = facial vein. 

max-il-li'tis. Inflammation of a maxillary gland. 

max'il-lo-. Relating to the jaw: a combining form. 
[< L. maxil'la jaw.] max’il-lo-den'tal, maxfil- 
lo-den'ta-ry, relating to the jaw and the teeth.— 
max41-lo-fa'ci al, as M. index, the number ob¬ 
tained by multiplying the projection*distance 
from the metopion to the gnathion by 100 and 
dividing the result by the projectionsdistance from 
the lower border of the orbits to the prosthion. 

— max*il-lo-lach'ry-mal, as M. suture, the union 
between the upper maxillary and lachrymal 
bones.— max’il-lo-man-dib'u-lar, relating to the 
upper and the lower jaws.— max'il-lo-pal'a-tine, 
as M. process— MK'X.l'L'LK'R.Y PROCESS, superior. 

— max'il-lo-pal-pe-bra'lis, the orbicularis palpe¬ 
brarum muscle.— max'il-lo-pha-ryn'ge al, as M. 
space, the triangular space between the side of the 
pharynx and the ramus of the lower jaw, contain¬ 
ing important vessels and nerves, such as the in¬ 
ternal carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, 
and the pneumogastric, glossopharyngeal, hypo¬ 
glossal, and spinal accessory nerves.— max’il-lo-. 
pre-max'il-la-ry, as M. suture, a suture found in 
childhood on the palatine surface of the superior 
maxilla, between the maxillary and the premax¬ 
illary bones. — maxfil-lo-tur'bi-nal, as M. bone, 
the inferior turbinated bone. — max’il-lo-tym- 
pan'ic, as M. ganglion — otic ganglion. 

max'i-mum. i. The greatest possible quantity or 
effect, as of the temperature, or range of tem¬ 
perature, in a disease. 2. The acme or most in¬ 
tense point reached by a disease, i^ Minimum. 
M. dose, the largest allowable dose of a drug that 
may be administered without endangering the 
future welfare of the patient, i^ Minimal dose. 
M. occipital point, ts- occipital point. M. ther¬ 
mometer, i^ THERMOMETER, toiax'i-mal, as M. 

= maximum dose: M. papilla — cittcvM- 
VALLATE PAPILLA. 


MAXWELL’S RING 


539 


MEATUS 


Max'well’s ring. A faint ring seen when the eye 
rests on a blue or a gra^ surface. It is probably 
an image of the macula lutea. 
maysap'ple. i. = Podophyllum*. 2. The plant 
Ach'lys iriphyl'la of the Western United States. 
Maydl’s method or operation (mai'dlz). A surgical 
procedure, in exstrophy of the bladder, whereby 
the ureters are transplanted so as to empty into 
the rectum. 

May'er’s reagent. A solution of 13.546 Gm. of cor¬ 
rosive sublimate and 49.8 Gm. of potassium 
iodide in 1000 Cc. of water: used in testing for 
alkaloids, with which it gives a white precipitate. 
M.’s solution, a solution of i part each of potas¬ 
sium phosphate, calcium phosphate, and magne¬ 
sium sulphate in 200 parts of water: used as a 
bacterial culturesfluid. 

may'hem, mai'hem. The act of maiming. In law, 
the act of depriving another, by violence, of the 
use of a member, limb, or organ, or of causing 
any mutilation of the body, Maim. 
may-i-dis'mus. = Pellagra. 

May'nard’s adhesive liquid. A form of collodium. 
May'or’s sign. The sound of the fetal heart in 
pregnancy. 

Ma'yo’s operation. A subcutaneous method of 
treating varicose veins with a blunt curette, 
mays, Zea mays. 

may'weed. = Maruta cotula. ^ 

ma'za. The placenta. [< jua^a cake.] fma'zic. 
ma-zis-che'sis. Retention or non=expulsion of the 
placenta. [< pdi^a cake-f- retention.] fma- 

zis-chet'ic. 

ma'zo-. I, Relating to the placenta: a combining 
form. [< jiid^a cake.] ma‘zo-ca-coth'e-sis, pla¬ 
cental malposition. — ma-zol'y-sis, detachment 
or detached state of the placenta; detachment 
and expulsion of the placenta, fnia-zo-lyt'ic. 
— ma-zop'a-thy, ma-zo-path'i a, a diseased state 
of the placenta. fnia-zo-path'ic. 2. Relating 
to the breast: a combining form, sometimes used 
instead of masto-. [ < ftai^og breast.] ma-zo- 
dyn'i a = mastodynia. — ma'zo-pex-y = masto- 

PEXY. 

m’boun'dou, m’bun'du. An African poison drink, 
mbu. A word denoting both malaria and mosquito : 
in use among the negroes of Usambara mountains 
of Africa. [If Koch.] 

McBurney, etc. See under Mac. 
me'a-ble. Capable of being passed through, 
mead. i. A fermented liquor produced from water 
and honey. 2. Any nonsalcoholic drink charged 
with carbonic acid and sweetened with honey, 
mead’owssaf'fron. t^CoLcnicuM. M.ssage = Sal¬ 
via LYRATA. M.ssweet = Spiraea ulmaria. 
mea'gre. Lean; thin; poor; having little flesh; 

barren; infertile. [< F. maigre.] 
mean. The middle point or degree; the medium; 
that which is at equal distances from the ex¬ 
tremes. The mean of a number of quantities is 
obtained by dividing the sum of the magnitudes 
or values observed by the number of observa¬ 
tions. [< F. moyenne.] 

measTes. i. An acute, markedly contagious, erup¬ 
tive fever, occurring most often in children, 
and attended with an early eruption in the 
mouth (buccal or Koplik’s spots), catarrh of 
the eyes, ears, and air^passages, and the appear¬ 
ance, on about the fourth day, of a cutaneous 
rash, consisting first of little red spots on the 
forehead, which, becoming confluent as pinkish 
papules, may be followed by a peculiar branslike 


desquamation; morbilli. The period of incuba- 
tion is about two weeks and one attack usually 
gives immunity against another. Various au¬ 
thors, as Canon, have described so=called specific 
organisms, but none is so accepted. Complica¬ 
tions: eyestrouble; mastoid disease; diseases of 
the airspassages; nervous disturbances, etc. 
Fifth disease ; fourth disease ; roseola; 
rubella; rubeola. Some specially named va¬ 
rieties are Abortive, Bastard (= rubella), 
Black, Dyspnceic, French or German ( = rubel¬ 
la), Hemorrhagic (= black), and Hybrid (= 
rubella). 2. A disease of domestic animals, 
especially swine, due to cysticerci in the muscles 
and other tissues of the body. 3. The cysticerci 
themselves. [<Dut. maselen measles. F. rouge- 
ole; G. Masern; It. rosolia.] fnreas'ly, relating 
to or resembling measles; affected with measles; 
especially applied to pork containing cysticerci. 

meas'ure. A standard of size, length, or quantity, 
as a GRADUATED M.; the dimension of anything; 
a rule or standard by which the dimension of a 
thing is ascertained, Weight. 

meat. Muscular tissue of animals prepared for 
food, often used for the sick in the form of M.» 
extract, M.^flour, Fluid m., M.== juice, M.^powder, 
etc., or combined with wine and medicines as an 
elixir of beef, wine, and iron. [< A. S. mete meat.] 
canned m., meat preserved in tin cans. M. diet, 
a diet consisting entirely of meat. M. poisoning, 
poisoning due to decomposition products devel¬ 
oped in badlyskept meats. Allantiasis. M. 
preservatives, materials, such as boric acid, sal¬ 
icylic acid, and benzoic acid, added to meat 
in order to preserve it; “dope.” M.ssugar = 
iNOSiTE. M.swashings, black, watery, offensive 
stools in fatal dysentery. 

me-a-tom'e-ter. A device for measuring any meatus. 

me-a-tor'rha-phy. Stitching a wound in the border 
or wall of a meatus. 

me-at'o-scope. A speculum for examining the me¬ 
atus urinarius. tme-a-tos'co-py. 

me-at'o-tome. A cutting instrument used in opera¬ 
tions upon a meatus. 

me-a-tot'o-my. Any surgical cutting operation 
upon a meatus, as that of the urethra. 

me-a'tus*, pi. mea'tus. A way or passage; an 
opening leading to a canal, duct, or cavity. M. 
acus'ticus [audito'rius] exter'nus*, the external 
acoustic meatus, a passage in the temporal bone 
opening externally at the root of the zygomatic 
process and internally into the cavity of the tym¬ 
panum, its cartilaginous portion being called M. 
acus'ticus exter'nus cartilagin'eus*. M. acus'ti- 
cus [audito'rius] inter'nus*, an opening in the 
posterior surface of the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone for the passage of the facial and 
auditory nerves and vessels. M. audito'rius, the 
auditory canal; the passage of the ear. Fish* 
mouth m., the swollen and puckered meatus uri¬ 
narius sometimes seen in gonorrhoea. M. nia'si* 
or na'ris, M. of the nose, the passage, or any one 
of the four passages, of the nose, including the 
M. na'si commu'nis*. the common meatus of the 
nose; the M. na'si infe'rior*, the inferior m., be¬ 
low the inferior turbinated bone; the M. na'si 
me'dius*, the middle m., situated between the 
middle and inferior turbinated bones, and the 
M. na'si supe'rior*, the superior m., at the back 
of the nasal fossae, above the middle turbinal 
bone. M. urina'rius, the distal orifice of the 
urethra. M. veno'sus, the vitelline vein, [L., fr. 


MECCA BALSAM 


540 


MECO- 


mea're to go, to pass.] fnie-a'tal, relating to a 
meatus, as M. artery, a twig from the stylomas¬ 
toid branch of the posterior auricular artery to 
the external auditory meatus: and M. nerves, 
nerves given off from the auriculotemporal nerve 
to the auditory meatus. 



Posterior Nares. — a. Inferior meatus, a'. Inferior open¬ 
ing of the nasal (lachrymal) canal. b. Inferior opening 
of the infundibulum, c. Opening of the maxillary sinus, 
d. Supplementary opening of the anterior ethmoidal 
cells, e, e, e. Three small openings which establish the 
communication of the superior meatus with the poste¬ 
rior ethmoidal cells. 

Mec'ca balsam. = Balsam of Mecca. 

mech'a-nen-ceph-a-li'tis. Traumatic encephalitis. 

me-chan'i-cal. , Belonging to mechanics or to a 
machine: applied to medicines which owe their 
effect to mere mechanical properties. M. anti¬ 
dote, one which acts by intervening between the 
poison and the tissue which it would attack. 
M. bronchitis, ts* bronchitis. M. dentistry, the 
construction and application of artificial teeth 
and the correction of deformities in natural teeth. 
M. diuretic, a diuretic which increases the secre¬ 
tion of urine by flushing out the urinary tubules. 
M. dysmenorrhoea, dysmenorrhcea. M. fin¬ 
ger, an arrangement consisting of a wire or 
bristle fastened to a forceps for separating micro¬ 
scopical objects on a slide for examination. M. 
irritant, an insoluble substance, like pulverized 
glass, steel filings, etc., which may have an irri¬ 
tating or even fatal effect on the human organ¬ 
ism by virtue of its presence. M. solution, the 
mere dissolution of a solid in a liquid without 
chemical change of either the solid or the solvent. 
M. stimulus, stimulus induced by mechanical 
means, as bruising, rubbing, cutting, pinching, etc. 
M. theory, the theory that the primary cause 
of tumors is local irritation. M. vibration, a 
therapeutic mode of massage by rapid vibratory 
movements. 

me-chan'ics. The science of matter and force, or 
of force as applied to matter, fnicch'a-nism. 

me-chan'i-co-, mech'a-no-. Relating or pertaining 
to mechanics: combining forms. [< firjxdvv a 
machine.] me-chanu-co-chem'i-cal, relating to 
both mechanics and chemistry.— me-chand-co- 
ther'a-py = mechanotherapeutics. — mech'a- 
no-neu'ral, a word coined ■ by certain practi¬ 
tioners of irregular medicine, who profess to 
cure disease by mechanieal means through the 


nervous system, isr Osteopathy. — mech*a-no- 
ther-a-peu'tics, mech‘a*no-ther'a-py. i. Treat¬ 
ment of disease or injury by mechanical means. 
2. Massage. 

mfeche (mesh). A surgical tent; a thick drainage 
thread or a mass of parallel threads used to keep 
wounds open. [F.] 

me'cism, me-cis'mus. An abnormal condition in 
which one or more of the parts of the body are 
lengthened. [< p/zcof length.] fme-cis-to-ceph'- 
a-lous, having a cephalic index of 69° or under. 

Meck'el’s (meck-el'i an) cartilage. A slender rod 
of cartilage extending from the malleus of the 
ear along the course of the mandible in fetal life, 
around which ossification of the mandible begins; 
tympanomandibular cartilage. M.’s cavity (cave), 
a space formed by the separation of the outer and 
inner layers of the dura mater lodging the gas¬ 
serian ganglion. M.’s diverticulum, an abnormal 
sacculation or caecal appendage to the ileum, 
usually situated about three or four feet from the 
ileocaecal valve, measuring along the intestine. 
It is the result of the failure of the vitelline 
duct to becorfie obliterated and may become 
perforated in typhoid fever, or may form a 
hernia. M.’s ganglion = sphenopalatine gan¬ 
glion. M.’s ganglion, lesser, o- submaxillary 
ganglion. M.’s ligament, that part of the ante¬ 
rior Jigament of the malleus which passes from the 
processus gracilis through the gasserian fissure tc 



Various Forms of Meckel’s Diverticula. —a. Usual 
form. b. Secondary pouching, c. Constricted form, 
d, e, and f. Varieties supplied with mesentery, g. Om¬ 
phalomesenteric duct attached to umbilicus, h. Patu¬ 
lous duct. (Ribbert.) 

the spine of the sphenoid. M.’s plane, a plane 
passing through the auricular and alveolar points. 
M.’s rod = M.’s cartilage. M.’s space = M.’s 
cavity. [< J. F. Meckel, anatomist of Halle, 
Germany, 1781-1833.] fnieck-el-ec'to-my, re¬ 
moval of Meckel’s diverticulum or M.’s ganglion, 
me'co-. Relating to opium or to meconium : a com¬ 
bining form. [< fii]KU)v poppy.] me'con. i. 
The poppy. 2. Opium.— mec-o-nal'gi a, the dis- 








MECOMETER 


541 


MEDIASTINUM 


tress caused by abstinence from opium on the 
part of those who are habituated to its use.— 
mec-o-nar'ce ine, a narcotic mixture of alka¬ 
loids from opium, but containing no morphine. 
Dose, 0.016 Gm. (i gr,).— mec'o-nate,-a salt of 
meconic acid.— mec*o-neu-rop'a-thy, nervous dis¬ 
ease due to the excessive use of opium.— me-co'- 
ni al colic, colic of the newsborn.— me-con'ic, as 
M. act'd = ACiDUM meconicum: and M. mem¬ 
brane, a membrane within the rectum of the 
foetus formerly supposed to invest the meco¬ 
nium.—me-con'i-dine, an amorphous alkaloid, 
C21H23NO4, contained in opium.— mec'o-nin, a 
whitish substance, CioH^qO^, found in opium; 
opianyl. It’ is a neutral principle in the form of 
acicular crystals, which are inodorous, and sol¬ 
uble in boiling water, alcohol, and ether. Given 
hypodermically as an hypnotic. Dose, 0.04 Gm. 
(f gr.). — me-co'ni-or-rhoe'a, a morbidly in¬ 
creased discharge of meconium. — mec'o-nism, 
mec-o-nis'mus, opiumspoisoning; the opium 
habit, Morphinism. — me-co-noi'sin, a neu¬ 

tral substance, CgH^^Oj, contained in opium.— 
mec-o-noph'a-gism, -noph'a-gy, the habit of 
eating opium, fmec-o-noph'a-gist. 
me-com'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
length of a foetus or a young infant, 
me-con'i-dine. An alkaloid from opium, 
me-co'nitim. i. The darksgreen excrementitious 
substance in the large intestine of the foetus, and 
passed for a few days after birth, consisting of 
mucin, biliverdin, bilirubin, epithelium cells and 
cellular debris, cholesterin, fats, fatty acids, and 
various inorganic salts: so named because of its 
resemblance to the inspissated juice of poppy. 
2. Opium. [< }ir)K(jiv poppy.] tna®c'o-noid. 
me'di-. ^ Medio-. 

me'dia. i. Middle, 2. The middle coat or tunic of 
a blood-vessel or lymph-vessel. 3. The plural of 

MEDIUM. [L.] 

me'di ad. Toward the median plane. 
me'di al. Situated in the middle; mesial; median; 
medians'^. M. accessory olivary nucleus, ts- oli¬ 
vary nucleus, accessory. M. angle of eye,i®- 
CANTHus. M. anterior malleolar artery, ts- malle¬ 
olar ARTERIES, M. anterior surface, ts- humerus. 
M. bicipital furrow or groove = sulcus bicipitalis 
medialis*. M. bursa of gastrocnemius muscle, 
ts- GASTROCNEMIUS. M. circumflex artery of thigh, 
the internal circumflex artery. M. circumflex 
veins, circumflex veins. M. condyle = tu¬ 
berosity OF THE FEMUR, INTERNAL. M. CUtane- 
ous nerve = coMMUNiCANS tibi,®. M. eminence 
= EMiNENTiA TERES. M. epicondylc, the inner 
c*:jndyle of the humerus. M. fillet, fillet. M. 
.fissure, a cerebral fissure posterior to and parallel 
with the fissure of Rolando. M. geniculate body, 
the internal of the corpora geniculata. M. 
longitudinal fasciculus = longitudinal fascicu¬ 
lus, posterior. M. lumbocostal arch = LiGA- 
MENTUM ARCUATUM INTERNUM. M. meniSCUS, 
SEMILUNAR CARTILAGES. M. Olivary SUlcUS, 
i»- OLIVARY SULCUS. M. plantar artery, the in¬ 
ternal PLANTAR ARTERY. M. plantar nerve, the 
internal plantar nerve. M. posterior malleo¬ 
lar artery, ^malleolar arteries. M. talocal- 
canean ligament, the internal astragalocal- 

CANEAL LIGAMENT. 

me-di-a'lis*. = Medial. [L.] 
me'di an. In the middle; between others; medial 
or mesial; medianus*. [< L. me'dius middle.] 
M. artery, a branch of the anterior inter¬ 


osseous accompanying the median nerve; arie- 
ria mediana*. M. artery, anterior, an artery 
of the spinal cord formed by union of the 
anterior spinal arteries. M. basilic vein, a 
branch of the basilic vein. M. brown line, 
a brownish discoloration of the skin in the 
median line from the ensiform appendix to the 
symphysis pubis. M. canal, i . The central canal 
of the spinal cord. 2. The aqueduct of Sylvius. 
M. catarrh, catarrhal otitis media. M. cephalic 
vein, a branch of the cephalic vein. M. cystos- 
tomy or cystotomy, suprapubic or perineal cys- 
TOSTOMY or cystotomy in the median line. M. 
disk= Hensen’s disk. M. ethmoid = meseth- 
moid. M. furrow, the depression extending ver¬ 
tically up the middle of the back. M. glossos 
epiglottic fold, the middle one of the glosso¬ 
epiglottic FOLDS. M. laryngotomy, laryn- 
gotomy. M. line, a vertical line supposed to 
divide the body of an animal into two equal 
right and left parts, Plane. M. lithotomy, 

LITHOTOMY. M. lobe. I. = Vermis. 2. 
Parietal lobe, M. nerve, the large branch of the 
brachial plexus descending the inner part of the 
arm along the biceps muscle in relation with the 
brachial artery; nervus medianus*. M. olivary 
sulcus, (s- OLIVARY SULCUS. M. Operation, median 
lithotomy. M. plane, the anteroposterior plane 
dividing the body into two symmetrical halves. 
M. quadrigeminal artery = medioptic artery. 
M. vein. I. A vein on the front of the forearm 
which receives branches from the palm of the 
hand and the forearm, and divides below the 
hollow of the elbow into the median basilic and 
the median cephalic vein. 2. The anterior 
JUGULAR VEIN, M. Vein, deep, a short branch 
of the median vein communicating with the deep 
veins of the forearm. [< L. me'dius middle.] 
■j-me'di-an-ly. 

me-di-a'nus*. = Median. [L.] 

me’di-as-ti'num*. i. The septum, or duplicature of 
the pleura, which divides the cavity of the thorax 
into two parts, including also the space and tis¬ 
sues between these pleural folds; septum thoracis. 
It forms a superior m., above the heart; an ante¬ 
rior m., in front of the heart; a posterior m., be¬ 
hind the heart; and a middle m., containing the 
heart. Besides the heart and its blood-vessels, 
the mediastinum contains portions of the oesopha¬ 
gus, trachea, thoracic duct, phrenic nerves, etc. 

Diaphragm. 2. Any septum between two 
paired cavities. M. cer'ebri = falx cerebri. 
M. tes'tis*, the projection of the tunica albu¬ 
ginea TESTIS* into the back part of the interior 
of the testicle, from which fibrous bands {septula) 
extend into the lobes of granular substance 
of the testicle; the corpus highmorianum. ts- 
Testicle. [< L. mediasti'nus in the middle.] 
fme'di-as-ti'nal, relating to or acting as a medi¬ 
astinum or septum, as M. arteries, arteries 
branching in the loose tissue of the mediastinum, 
the anterior from the internal mammary and the 
posterior from the aorta: M. gland, one of the 
lymph glands in the mediastinum: M. pleura, 
that part of the pleural sac which extends from 
the diaphragm up to the root of the lung over the 
pericardium; pleura mediastinalis*: M. plexus, 
a fine plexus of veins in the posterior mediasti¬ 
num ending in the brachial veins: and M. space, 
the median space of the thorax between the two 
pleurae, containing all the viscera except the 
lungs; cavum mediastini. me*di-as-ti-ni'tis, m- 


MEDIATE 


542 


MEDIO- 


flammation of the mediastinum, usually second¬ 
ary to pleurisy or pericarditis, in the latter 
instance sometimes called indurative m. me-di- 
as'ti-no-per-i-car-di'tis, inflammation of the me¬ 
diastinum and the pericardium; indurative medi- 
astinitis. me*di-as-ti-not'o-my, cutting into the 
mediastinum. 

me'di-ate. Indirect: applied especially to ausculta¬ 
tion and percussion when some medium is inter¬ 
posed between the surface of the body of the 
patient and the ear or Anger of the physician. 
M. agglutination, the interposition of some sub¬ 
stance between the lips of a wound, or between 
the flaps after amputation, as agaric, charpie, or 
lint, on which cerate is first spread. M. ausculta¬ 
tion, ^AUSCULTATION. M. compression, compres¬ 
sion applied through the integuments and tissue. 

Immediate compression. M. irrigation, the 
passing of a stream of cold or hot water through 
a coil of flexible tubing made to surround a part. 

Leiter’s coil; Petitgand’s apparatus. M. 
percussion, percussion. M. transfusion, indi¬ 
rect TRANSFUSION. [< L. nte'dius in the middle.] 
med'ic. i. A colloquial or slang term for a medical 
man or student. 2. =Medicago. 

Medica'go. A genus of leguminous plants; medic, 
med'i-cal. Belonging to medicine or the healing art; 
also pertaining to medicines. M. anatomy, 
ANATOMY, M. aneurism, an internal aneurism. 
M. deontology, the science which treats of the 
duties and rights of physicians, including M. 
ethics, the duties and rights of medical practi¬ 
tioners the one toward the other, Code of 
MEDICAL ETHICS. M. examiner, specifically, one 
who examines for an insurance company. M. 
expert, one who by reason of his special experi¬ 
ence, training, study, and duties in medical mat¬ 
ters is competent to ascertain particular facts of 
a technical nature or to form an opinion or judg¬ 
ment upon them, such as could not be expected 
from the judge or jury. M. gymnastics, a well* 
regulated series of active and passive movements 
executed with the object of restoring the diseased 
body to health. M. ionization == cataphoresis. 
M. jurisprudence, the science which applies the 
principles of medicine to the elucidation of doubt¬ 
ful questions in courts of justice; legal or forensic 
medicine. M. man, a male physician. M. onto- 
logy, the doctrine which separates pathology from 
physiology and regards a disease as having a dis¬ 
tinct existence without reference to the parts 
affected by the disease. M. pathology = inter¬ 
nal PATHOLOGY. M. physics, physics applied to 
the treatment and prevention of disease or to the 
explanation of vital phenomena. M. police, the 
functions of a board of health, such as the estab¬ 
lishment of hygienic rules, quarantine, etc., with 
a view to the prevention of disease. M. statistics, 
^ STATISTICS. M. treatment, that in which the 
chief factors are remedial agents. M. woman, a 
female physician. M. zoology, the science that 
treats of animals in their relation to the diseases 
of man; parasitology. [< L. medica're to treat 
with medicine.] 

med'i-ca-ment. A medicine, tmedd-ca-men'tal, 
-men'tous. medd-ca-men-ta'tion. 
medd-ca-men-ta'ri us. An apothecary. [L.] 
med'i-cas-ter. A quack; an ignorant or ilhtrained 
physician. 

med'i-ca-ted. Having the qualities of a medicine; 
applied to water, wine, lozenges, etc., when im¬ 
bued or impregnated with some medicinal sub¬ 


stance. M. ale, ale prepared for medicinal uses by 
an infusion of herbs during its fermentation. M. 
bath, the bathing of a sick person in a medicinal 
solution which acts by mechanical means or 
absorption, Nauheim treatment. M. paper. 
I. Chartae. 2. Water=closet paper. [<CL.medi- 
ca'lus, fr. medica're to heal.] 
med-i-ca'tion. The administration of one or more 
therapeutic agents, especially drugs, in response 
to a definite indication in order to produce some 
beneficial modification, remote or present, in the 
structure or the functions of the organism, 
med'i-cine. The art and science of healing, allevi¬ 
ating, or preventing disease by any known means, 
or the substance or preparation so used. 
Christian Science; osteopathy; practice of 
medicine. Of the many varieties may be men¬ 
tioned Alchemistic (i^ alchemy), Alkaloidal, 
Allopathic { ts - K - L - LOVATny ), Atomistic (= dosim¬ 
etry, def. 2), Botanic, Cataphoric (= cata¬ 
phoresis), Cephalic, Clinical, Conservative, 
Cutaneous, Dietetic, Domestic, Dosimetric (= 
dosimetry, def. 2), Eclectic, Electrical, Em¬ 
piric or empirical (= empiricism), Endermic, 
Equine, Experimental, Folk, Forensic, Ga¬ 
lenic, Hermetic (= iatrochemistry). Homoeo¬ 
pathic (ts- homceopathy). Hypodermic, Legal{= 
forensic). Methodic, Military, Patent, Phar¬ 
maceutic, Pharmacopoeial, Physiological, 
Vnts.v'm.atic, Preventive (i^ prophylaxis). Pro¬ 
prietary, Psychic or psychological, Quack (= 
quackery), Spagiric (ly spagirist). Specific, 
State, Tropical, Veterinary, and Vibratory 
medicine. M.sbag, M.schest, etc., receptacles for 
the storing and carrying of medicines, minor sur¬ 
gical appliances, etc., the former often being 
arranged so as to be slung across a horse. 
M .sman, a witch=doctor among savages. [< L. 
medici'na.] tme-dic'i-nal, sanative, as M. ali¬ 
mentation, the administering of medicine by 
mingling it with food for transmission to another, 
as to the one who nurses an infant: M. biscuits, 
biscuits into which a therapeutic substance has 
been introduced: M. eruption (rash), dermati¬ 
tis medicamentosa: and M. hours, those hours 
at which it is considered medicines may be taken 
with most advantage; in the morning (fasting), an 
hour before meals, four hours after eating, and at 
bedtime. 

med'i-co-. Relating or pertaining to medicine: a 
combining form. [< L. medical.] med*- 

i-co-chi-rur'gi-cal, -rur'gic, appertaining to both 
medicine and surgery.— med*i-co-le'gal, relating 
to MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, Or to the legal aspects 
and bearings of medicine. — medd-co-ma'ni a, 
morbid interest in medical matters by non^pro- 
fessional persons.— medd-co-me-chan'i-cal, relat- 
ing to medicine and mechanics.— med’i-co-pho'- 
bi a, a morbid fear of medicine or of those admin¬ 
istering it.— medd-co-psy-chol'o-gy, the science of 
mental diseases; psychological medicine, 
med'i-cus. A healer of diseases; a physician. [L.] 
Me-di'na worm. = Guinea worm. 
me di o-, me^di-. Middle; situated in, or occurring 
in, the central portion of a part or organ; com¬ 
bining forms, often used interchangeably by 
different writers. [< L. me'dius middle.] me* 
di-ba-sil'ic, as M. vein, basilic. — me’di-ce- 

phal'ic, as M. uetw, cephalic. — me*di-cer-e 
bel'lar artery, the anterior inferior cerebel¬ 
lar artery. — me-di-cer'e-bral artery, the middle 
cerebral artery.— me-di-cho'rpid artery, the pos- 


MEDITERRANEAN FEVER 


543 


MEDULLARY 


terior choroid artery.— me’di-ci-ne're a, the 
internal part of the gray matter of the brain, or 
of the lenticula and the claustrum.— me-di- 
com'mis-sure, the middle or soft commissure of 
the brain.— me-di-cor'nu, the middle or inferior 
horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain.— me-di- 
du'ral, as M. artery, the middle meningeal ar¬ 
tery.— me-di-floc'cu-lus, the middle flocculus. 
— me’di-o-bi-lat'e-ral lithotomy, lithotomy.— 
me’di-o-ca-nel-la'ta, is^T^nia saginata.— me- 
di-o-car'pal, as M. articulation, the articulation 
between the two rows of carpal bones.— me*di- 
o-col'ic, relating to the middle part of the colon, 
as M. artery, the middle colic artery.— me’di-o- 
dor'sal, upon or near the median line of the dorsal 
region.— me’di-o-fron'tal, relating to the middle 
of the forehead, as M. artery, a branch of the 
anterior cerebral artery to the callosal convolu¬ 
tion and the paracentral lobule: M. convolution or 
gyrus, the middle frontal convolution: M. fis¬ 
sure, an inconstant fissure subdividing the medio- 
frontal convolution: and M. = frontal 

SUTURE. — me’di-o-lat^e-ral, on the middle line 
and to one side, as M. lithotomy. — me'di-osoc-cip'- 
i-tal, relating to the middle part of the occiput, 
as the M.=o. gyrus. — me*di-o-pal'a-tine, occurring 
or situated on the median line of the palate.— 
me*di-o-pa-ri'e-tal, as M. convolution, the ascend¬ 
ing PARIETAL CONVOLUTION. — me’di-o-pon'tine, 
belonging in or near the middle line of the pons, 
as M. arteries, branches from the basilar artery 
along the median line of the pons varolii.— me- 
di-op'tic, as M. artery, a branch of the posterior 
cerebral artery to the crus cerebri and the optic 
lobes; median quadrigeminal artery. — me*di-o- 
tar'sal, as M. articulation, the articulation be¬ 
tween the astragalus and the calcaneum behind 
the scaphoid and cuboid bones in front; Chopart’s 
joint.— me-di-pe'dun-cle, either of the middle 
peduncles of the cerebellum, fnie’di-pe-dun'- 
cu-lar. — me'di-sca-le'nus = scalenus medius 
MUSCLE. — me-di-sec’tion, cutting or dissecting 
through or along a median line, as of the brain.— 
me-di-tem'po-ral, as M. convolution, a small hori¬ 
zontal convolution in the middle of the temporal 
lobe of the brain, bounded above by the super¬ 
temporal fissure and below by the meditemporal 
fissure and continuous behind with the angular 
convolution: and M. fissure, an irregular fissure to 
the ventral side of the supertemporal fissure.— 
me-di-tri'ceps, the middle head of the triceps. 

Med-i-ter-ra'ne an fever. = Malta fever. 

me-di-tulTium. i. The diploe. 2. Themedullary 
juice in the spongy tissue of the short bones and 
extremities of the long bones. 3. The central 
substance of the cerebellum. [L., “ the middle.”] 

me'di um, pi. -dia. The space or substance through 
which a moving body passes; the middle place 
or degree. In medicine, the surroundings of a 
living body or an object, as air, water, light, 
gelatine, etc. Culture M. nutrient m. [< 
L. me'dius middle.] 

me'di us*. Middle. [L.] 

me'do-blen-nor-rhoe'a. = Gleet. [<i/xr^ded geni¬ 
talia -4- BLENNORRHCEA.] 

m6-doc. A red wine, produced near Bordeaux, 
France. It is called claret by the English and 
the Americans. 

med-or-rhoe'a. A discharge from the genitals. [< 
[jiTjded genitalsflow.] 

me-dul'la. i. The marrow. 2. The medulla ob¬ 
longata. 3. The central part o^ an organ as con¬ 


trasted with the cortex. [L., ” marrow.”] M. 
bo'vis, beefsmarrow (sometimes used in phar¬ 
macy) . M. of a hair, the soft central part of a hair. 
M. lac'tis, butter. [1[ R. ’05.] M. neph'rica 
(re'nis), the medulla of the kidney. ^ Kidney. 
M. of a nerve, the white substance of Schwann, 
found between the axis^cylinder and the neuri¬ 
lemma. M. oblonga'ta*, that portion of the brain 
which lies within the cranium on the basilar proc¬ 
ess of the occipital bone, starting at the pons 
varolii and ending at the commencement of the 
spinal cord; oblong medulla; the after=brain; 
metencephalon; bulb. It is 2.5 Cm. (i in.) long, 

2 Cm. (fin.) across, and 1.2 Cm. (f in.) thick, 
and is composed of gray and white matter. It 
contains important centres, as those governing 
breathing and swallowing, besides affording pas¬ 
sage of nervesfibres to and from the brain. M. 
os'sium*, marrow of the bones. M. os'sium 
fla'va* or ru'bca*, yellow or red bone-marrow. 
M. sas'safras, sassafras pith. M. spina'lis*, the 
spinal cord with its membranes containing mar¬ 
row or myelin, fmed'ul-la-ted, as M. nerve^fibre, 
nerve-fibre: and M. newroma, neuroma. 
med'ul-la-ry. i. Belonging to marrow; of marrow¬ 
like consistence; medullated. 2. Relating to the 
medulla oblongata. M. artery, i. Any artery sup¬ 
plying the medullary substance of the brain or 
cord. 2. A branch of the peroneal artery to the 
fibula. 3. A branch of the posterior tibial to the 
tibia. 4. A branch of the renal artery to the mal- 
pighian pyramids. 5. An artery which enters the 
long bones by the nutrient foramen. M. canal 
(tube). I. The canal, formed from the growth 
upward and fusing of the walls of the medullary 
GROOVE, situated in the back of the embryo and 
forming the rudiments of the neiVous system 
neural tube. 2. The hollow cavity of a long bone 
containing the marrow. 3. The central canal of 
the spinal cord. 4. The vertebral canal. M. ca¬ 
nals of bone = HAVERSIAN CANALS. M. cancer 
(carcinoma), a very malignant cancer of soft 
structure and rapid growth, consisting mainly of 
cells and containing an abundance of milky juice; 
encephaloid cancer (because of its brain-like con¬ 
sistence) ; soft cancer. M. cavity, the central cav¬ 
ity of the shafts of long bones, which is filled with 
a soft marrow; cavum medullare*. M. cell= my¬ 
elocyte. M. cone, the cone at the upper end of 
the FiLUM terminate; conus medullaris*. M. 
folds, a folding up of ectoderm at the edge of the 
medullary plate. It is a stage of development of 
the neural canal before the medullary groove 
is formed. M. foramen, i. = Nutrient fora¬ 
men. 2. = Vertebral FORAMEN. M. groove, the 
longitudinal furrow on the back of an embryo 
formed by the upgrowth of the medullary folds 
developing into the medullary canal. M. juice, 
marrow. M. lamellae, the circumferential la¬ 
mellae forming the walls of the inner surface or 
medullary cavity of bones. M. laminae, the white 
layers of the lenticular nucleus; laminae medul- 
lares*: there are an external m. lamina and an in¬ 
ternal m. lamina. M. matter, the white matter of 
brain and nerve substance. M. membrane = 
ENDOSTEUM. M. nucleus, the central white fibres 
of the cerebellum. M. papillae, small eminences 
projecting from the medulla oblongata. M. plate, 
a thickened portion of the ectoderm in the em¬ 
bryo on either side of the median axillary line 
which develops into the neural canal. M. rays, 
pyramidal bundles of straight uriniferous tubules 


MEDULLIC ACID 


544 


MEIOSTAGMIN REACTION 


within the renal cortex, which include the spiral 
tubules, the ascending limbs of Henle’s loops, 
and the straight collecting tubules, Ferrein’s 
PYRAMIDS. M. ridges, elevations of the epiblast 
which arch over and unite to form the medullary- 
canal. M. sarcoma, a variety of sarcoma having 
characteristics similar to those of M. cancer. 
M. sector, a sector bounded by radii from the 
punctum alae vomeris to the punctum foraminis 
magni anterius and posterius. M. segments, 
divisions of the medullary sheath of a nerve* 
fibre formed by the incisures of Schmidt. M. 
sheath = myelin. M. spaces = marrow*spaces. 
M. streak=M. groove. M. substance of the 
kidney, the inner two*thirds of the kidney; 
substantia medullaris"*. M. substance of Schwann 
= MYELIN. M. system, the marrow of bone and 
structures related to it considered as a whole. 
M. tract, central, the gray matter of the spinal 
cord surrounding its central canal. M. tube = M. 
CANAL. M. velum, inferior or posterior, a trans¬ 
verse commissure of white matter connecting 
the flocculi of the cerebellar hemispheres; poste¬ 
rior m. velum; velum tarini. M. velum, su¬ 
perior = ViEUssENs’s VALVE. [< L. medul'la 
marrow.] 

me-dul'lic acid. An acid, C2iH^2^2> fro^n beef*fat. 
me-duFlin. i. A kind of cellulose from the pith of 
plants. 2. An extract from the spinal cord of the 
ox: given hypodermically in spinal disease, 
me-dul-li-spi'nal. Relating to the medulla spi¬ 
nalis, as M. veins, the veins of the spinal cord, 
med-ul-li'tis. i. = Myelitis. 2. = Osteomye¬ 
litis. [< L. medul'la marrow.] 
me-dul-li-za'tion. The morbid increase of the mar- 
rowsspaces of bone, due to rarefying osteitis. 
me-duMosar-thri'tis. Inflammation of the marrow* 
spaces of the articular ends of a bone, 
me-dul'lo-cell. Any medullary cell or marrow*cell. 
me-duldosen-ce-phal'ic. Relating to the spinal cord 
and the brain. 

med'ul-lose, me-dul'lous. Resembling marrow, or 
full of marrow. 

Me-du'sa’s head or ca'put. = Caput medusae. 
meer'schaum (m^r'shaum). A light and white earth, 
mainly a hydrated magnesium silicate. M. probe, 
a probe whose end is tipped with meerschaum: 
used in probing for bullets. [Ger., “ sea*foam.”] 
meg-, meg'a-, meg'a-lo-. Great; large; denoting 
excessive size; at times a unit denoting multipli¬ 
cation by 1,000,000 of the word to which it is 
prefixed: combining forms, Macro-; micro-. 
[< neyaQ large.] meg'a-bac-te'ri um, a large bac¬ 
terium.— meg'a-ce-phal'ic, -ceph'a-lous, having a 
large head; megalocephalic: said of a skull having 
a capacity above 1450 Cc., as that of the Euro¬ 
peans, Japanese, and Eskimos.— meg-a-coc'cus, 
a coccus of large size.— meg-a-co'lon, an abnor¬ 
mally large colon.— meg'a-dont, a skull with a 
dental index of about 44°: seen in the black races 
and Australians.— meg-a-far'ad, a million farads. 
— meg-a-gas'tri a, -gas'try, enlargement of the 
stomach.— meg-a-kar'y-o-cyte, meg-a-car'y-o- 
cyte, a giantscell of the bone*marrow and spleen. 
(S- Myeloplax ; osteoclast. — meg*al-er-y-the'- 
ma epidem'icum = Dukes’s disease. — me-gal'- 
gi a, exceedingly severe pain.— meg'a-lo-blast = 
macrocyte, def. i.— meg*a-lo-car'di a, great size 
of the heart.— meg'a-lo-ce-pha'li a, -ceph'a-ly. 
I. Abnormal largeness of the head. 2. A term 
proposed by M. Allen Starr for cases similar to 
^CR0MEGALIA but characterized by a progressive 


enlargement of the head and neck. Mega- 
cephalic. fmeg-a-lo-ce-phal'ic; -ceph'a-lous.— 
meg‘a-lo-cor'ne a = keratoglobus. — meg'a-lo- 
cyte = MACROCYTE. — meg'a-lo-dac'ty-lous, hav¬ 
ing large fingers. — meg'-a-lo-dont, -don'tous, 
having large teeth.— meg*a-lo-gam'ete = macro¬ 
gamete. — meg'a-lo-gas'tri a, -gas'try, a large 
stomach with undisturbed physiological and 
motor functions; gastromegalia. fmeg-a-lo-gas'- 
tric. — meg‘a-lo-glos'si a, hypertrophy or enlarge¬ 
ment of the tongue.— meg'a-lo-ma'ni a, the de¬ 
lirium of grandeur, a characteristic symptom of 

GENERAL PARALYSIS. MaCROMANIA. - meg*a- 

lo-me'li a, -lom'e-ly, preternatural largeness of 
the limbs, f meg-a~lom'e-lous. — meg*a-lo-ny- 
cho'sis, abnormal increase in size of the naibbed. 
— meg*a-lo-pho'ni a = megaphonia. — meg'a- 
loph-thal'mus = buphthalmia. — meg-a-lop'si a, 
-lop'sy = MACROPSiA. — meg'a-lo-scope, a magni¬ 
fying speculum, fnieg-a-los'co-py. — meg*a-lo- 
sple'ni a, enlargement or tumefactiom of the 
spleen.— meg"a-lo-spo'ron, a term for a variety 
of the Trichophyton f’ungus.— meg*a-lo-syn- 
dac'ty-ly, enlargement of the syndactyles.— meg- 
a-pho'ni a, abnormal loudness of the voice.— 
meg-a-pros'o-pous, having a facial capacity of 
from 720 to 780 Cc. in the male, or from 580 to 
625 Cc. in the female: said of skulls.— meg-ar- 
rhi'za. A poisonous glucoside from Megarrhi'za 
califor'nica, a cucurbitaceous tree of California. 
Various other products derived from trees of this 
name are meg-ar'rhin, meg'ar-rhiz-i-ar-rhet'in, 
meg-ar-rhiz'in, and meg-ar-rhiz'i-tin. — meg-a- 
scop'i-cal = MACROSCOPIC. — meg'a-seme, a skull 
with an orbital index larger than 89°.— meg-a- 
so'ma, great stature, but less than gigantism. — 
meg-a-sthen'ic, having great strength or muscular 
force.— Megas'toma, a genus of protozoa, as M. 
enter'icum {intestina'le), a pear*shaped parasite 
with eight flagella grouped in pairs, found in rats, 
mice, cats, dogs, etc.— me-gas'tri a = megalo- 
GASTRiA. — meg'a-volt, a million volts. — meg¬ 
ohm', a million ohms. — meg-oph-thal'mus = 

BUPHTHALMIA. 

meg*is-to-ceph'a-lous. Having an unusually large 
cranium. t°iegfls-to-ceph'a-lus. 

Meglin’s pills (mel-yahz). Headachespills, made of 
hyoscyamus, valerian, and zinc oxide. 

me'grim. = Migraine. 

mei-bo'mi an calculus. A concretion sometimes 
found on the under surface of the eyelids, con¬ 
sisting of the thickened secretion of the meibo¬ 
mian GLANDS. M. cyst, a cyst of a meibomian 
gland; chalazion. M. foramen, the foramen 
caecum of the tongue. M. glands, small glands 
embedded beneath the conjunctiva or in the 
tarsal cartilages, with their ducts emptying on 
the free margins of the eyelids; palpebral or 
ciliary follicles (folliculi ciliares); glandulae tar- 
sales [Meibomi]*. They number about 30-40 on 
the upper eyelid and 20-30 on the lower. M. 
sty, HORDEOLUM. [H. Meibom (Latin, Mei- 
bomus), a Dutch physician, 1638-1700.] 

Meigs’s capillaries. Capillaries within the muscular 
tissue of the heart. 

mei-o-car'di a, mei-o-did'y-mus, mei-o-pra'gi a, etc. 

= Miocardia, miodidymus, miopragia, etc. 

mei-o'sis. =Mysis. tmei-ot'ic; mi-ot'ic; my-ol'ic. 

mei-o-stag'min reaction. The lessened surface ten¬ 
sion, and smaller size of drops, resulting from mix¬ 
ing and incubating an immune serum with the 
corresponding antigen, Stalagmometer. 


MEISSNER’S CORPUSCLE 


545 . 


MELANO- 


Meissner’s corpuscle or body (mais'n^rz). =-Tac- 
TiLE CORPUSCLE. M.’s gangUon or plexus, a flat 
layer of nerve=masses derived from the sympa¬ 
thetic system and occurring in the submucous 
coat of the stomach and the intestines. Auer¬ 
bach’s PLEXUS. [Georg Meissner, physiologist, 
1829-1905.] M.’s method, induction of prema¬ 
ture LABOR by puncturing the membranes close 
to the FUNDUS UTERI SO that the liquor amnii 
may gradually escape. 

mel*, gen. mel'lis. Honey, a saccharine secretion 
deposited in the honey*comb by the bee. A'pis 
mellif'era, Linnd. It is aperient and demulcent. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). M. bora'cis, borax honey 
(B. P.), a preparation containing borax, honey, 
and glycerin: used as a local application, espe¬ 
cially in aphthae. M. depura'tum*, clarified 
honey, made by heating honey with paper=pulp, 
straining, and preserving with 5% glycerin; M. 
despuma'tum, of the 1890 U. S. P. M. ro'sae*, 
honey of rose, a preparation made of fluidex- 
tract of rose, 12%, and clarified honey. It forms 
a pleasant addition to astringent and detergent 
gargles and sprays for the mouth and throat. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). [ L., fr. fJie'Xi.'] 

mel-a-bi'ose. A carbohydrate, derived 

from RAFFINOSE. 

mel'a-chol. A proprietary preparation of sodium 
citrophosphate. 

me-lae'na, -le'na. i. The passage of faeces which 
are dyed black by the presence of blood, as from 
a duodenal or gastric ulcer, that has been changed 
in color in the intestines. 2. Black vomit, as 
from hemorrhage of the stomach. M. chols'a 
= MELASiCTERUS. M. ueonato'rum, apoplexia 
intestinalis neonatorum, [^f L. Sept. 7, ’10. L., 

sing. fr. p.e^ag black.] fme-lae'nic, -le'nic. 
me-lag'ra. Pain or gout in the limbs. ^ Melal¬ 
gia. limb-fdypa seizure.] 

Melaleu'ca leucaden'dron. ^Cajuput. 
me-lal'gia. Pain in the limbs. istMelagra. [< 
fiiXog limb-fd^yof pain.] 

mePam. An amorphous, buff=colored substance, 
CgHgNip formed by distilling ammonium sulpho- 
CYANATE at a high temperature, 
mel-am'in. A white crystalline substance, C^H^Np, 
obtained by heating cyanamide to 150° C. (302° 
F.); cyanuramide. 

mel-am-py'rine, -py'rite. = Dulcite. 
Melampy'rum nemoro'sum, Dulcite. 
mel'an. An antiseptic oil, from Melilo'tus cccru'lea. 
mel-a-nae'mi a, -ne'mi a. The presence of black 
pigmentsgranules in the blood, either free or 
absorbed by the white bloodscells: often seen 
in pernicious malarial fever, fniel-a-nae'mic. 
me-lan'a-gogue. An old name for a medicine to 
expel black bile, or melancholia, 
mel-an-cho'li a. = Melancholy. M. ag'itans or 
agita'ta, melancholia accompanied by great rest¬ 
lessness. M. an'glica, melancholia with marked 
desire for death. M. a po'tu=M. ebriosa. M. 
atton'ita, the severest form of melancholy, in 
which the patient is in a state of cataleptic ri¬ 
gidity and seems stupefied; stunned melancholy; 
stuporous melancholy. c®* Catatonia; ca- 
TOCHE. M. autochi'rica=M. suiciDiuM. M. de- 
moni'aca or dft m nnnpho^bia = demo no mania. M. 
ebrio'sa, melancholy due to excessive use of in¬ 
toxicants; melancholia a potu; alcoholic melan¬ 
choly. M. errabun'da= LEUCOMORiA. M. flatuo'- 
sa, a form characterized by the accumulation of 
gases in the alimentary canal. M. hila'ris, a 

35 


variety marked by great exaltation. M. malev'o- 
lens, melancholy with a tendency toward evil 
or mischievous deeds. M. metamorpho'seos, 
melancholia with the illusion of loss of identity, 
in which the patient believes himself glass, 
butter, an animal, etc. M. nostaPgica = nos¬ 
talgia. M. pleonec'tica, melancholy associated 
with inordinate greed. M. religio'sa, melan¬ 
choly in which the illusions are chiefly of a re¬ 
ligious nature. j^Theomania. M. sal'tans = 
CHOREA. M. suicPdium, suicidal melancholy; 
melancholia autochirica; marked by impulses 
toward self=destruction. M. sympathet'ica, a 
form having its origin in organic disease else¬ 
where than in the brain. M. zoanthrop'ica = 
ZOANTHROPIA. [L.] 

mel'an-chol y, mel-an-cho'li a. i. A form of in¬ 
sanity, or a condition of mind bordering upon 
insanity, in which there is great depression of 
spirits, with gloomy forebodings; affectus mel- 
ancholicus or praecordalis; hypochondriasis; 
melancholic madness; lypemania. ^Apodemi- 
algia; delirium; hypochondria; insanity; 
mania; misopsychia; monomania. Among the 
many varieties of melancholy other than those 
defined under melancholia are Affective, 
Amorous, Cataleptic, Convulsive, Delirious, 
Passive, Simple,* etc. 2. The “blues”; the 
“dumps”; the “ splanchnics ” ; the “vapors.” 
[< ptAag black -f bile.] fmel-an-cho'li ac ; 
mel-an-chol'ic; mel-an-cho'li ous. mel'an-cho- 
li-ness. 

mel*an-en-ceph-al-o'ma. A melanotic brain«tumor, 

mePa-neph-i-dro'sis. = Melanidrosis. 

me-lan-geur. A mixing pipette for blood*counts. 

me-lan'ic. Pertaining to melanoma or melanosis. 
M. acid, a black substance, CjqHqOj, formed by 
the oxidation of potassium salicylate. 

mel-a-ni-dro'sis. Black perspiration; melanephi- 
drosis. 

mel-an'i-line. A crystalline coabtar derivative, 
CijHjgNj; diphenylguanidine. 

mel'a-nin. A semisolid organic substance, contain¬ 
ing both sulphur and iron, the color of which 
varies from black to brown and dark purple: 
found normally in the pigmented tissues of the 
body, such as the choroid, the iris, the retina, 
and the epidermis, and pathologically in mela¬ 
noma, MELANOSIS, MELASMA, etc. AlBINISM. 
fmel-a-nif'er-ous. mel'a-nism; mel-a-nis'mus. 

mel'a-no-. Denoting darkness or blackness: a com¬ 
bining form, [ci peXag black.] mel'a-no-blast, 
a peculiar structure found in the epidermis de¬ 
rived from the mesoderm and black pigment.— 
mePa-no-can'croid, -car-ci-no'ma, a darkly pig¬ 
mented cancer; melanoscirrhus; melanotic can¬ 
cer.— mePa-no-cat'a-ract, a cataract containing 
black pigment.— mePa-no-chlo-ro'sis, chlorosis 
in which the skin is darkscolored.— mel'a-no- 
cyte, a wandering cell stained to a dark color 
by the absorption of coloring matter from the 
blood.— mePa-no-der'ma, black pigmentation of 
the skin: a rare disease, accompanied by itching 
and emaciation, in which wide black spots are 
found adjoining erythema and suppurating nod¬ 
ules of acne.— mePa-nce-de'ma, black oedema or 
melanosis of the lungs; anthracosis.— mePa-no- 
gal'lic acid, a black substance formed when gallic 
acid is rapidly heated to 250° C. (482° F.) ; gallo- 
humic acid; metagallic acid.— mel'a-no-gen, a 
CHROMOGEN which may be converted into mel¬ 
anin. — mel'a-noid, ^ melanosis. — mePa-no- 


MELANTHIGENIN 


• 646 


MELMAROBA 


leu-kae'mi a, leukaemia associated with mela- 
naemia.— mel-a-no'ma. i. A disease in which 

there are dark, soot*colored tubercles under the 
integuments and in the viscera. 2. Any morbid 
growth in which the presence of black pigment is 
a leading character, as melanotic cancer, naevo- 
carcinoma, and sarcoma alveolare pigmentosum; 
a melanotic tumor. i^Melanic, melanin; 
MELANOSIS, — mel*a-no-my'ces, a black fungous 
growth.— mel-a-nop'a-thy = melanosis. — meb- 
a-noph-thal'mus, melanoma of the eye.^— meba- 
no-pla'ki a, pigmented areas sometimes found 
upon the buccal mucous membrane.— meba-no- 
pneu'mon, a black pigmentary deposition in the 
lungs.— meba-nor-rha'gi a = mel^ena. — meba- 
nor-rhoe'a, a discharge of a black or dark color. 
— meba-no-sar-co'ma, a highly malignant type 
of SARCOMA, with dark pigmentary elements, very 
apt to give metastasis, as that of the eye to the 
liver: often seen in light*colored horses, around 
the tail and anus.— meba-no-scir'rhus = melano- 
CANCROiD. — mel-a-no'sis, that condition of the 
system in which pigments of various colors and 
of different composition, but derived from hasm- 
atin, are deposited in the cells and tissues, espe¬ 
cially those of the skin; chromatosis; melanism. 
i^Melan^mia; melanic;^melanin; melasma; 
OCHRONOSIS, tmel-a-nos'i-ty. mel'a-noid, mel- 
a-not'ic, or mel'a-nous, relating to or resem¬ 
bling melanosis; marked by black pigment, as M. 
canc«?r = MELANOC.\NCROiD : M. sarcoma = u'E,h- 
anosarcoma: and M. tumor, a tumor in which 
there are deposits of melanin. — meba-no-smeg'- 
ma, a soft green soap. [Tf i?.’05.]— meba-no- 
syph-i-lol'e-pis, a black, syphilitic, scaly eruption, 
me-lan-thi-ge'nin. A compound, Cj^4H2202, formed 
by decomposing me-lan'thin, an amorphous glu- 
coside, C20H33O-, from seeds of NigeVla saii'va, 
with dilute hydrochloric acid, 
mel-a-nu'ri a. The excretion of urine containing 
MELANOGEN, which on exposure to the air is 
oxidized into melanin, and causes the urine to 
turn dark or black: seen in cases of melanotic 
tumors, fniel-a-nu'ric, as M. acid, a crystalline 
substance, C3H^N402, formed by heating urea, 
mel-a-nu'rin. A substance, in the form of a black 
pigment, sometimes found in urine, 
mel-a-sic'te-rus. A condition in which the skin is 
of a very dark color; black jaundice; melaena 
cholaea, [< jneTiag black -|- lurepog jaundice.] 
me-las'ma. Any dark discoloration of the skin; 
..melanoderma. ^Melanosis; pannus melan- 
Eus. M. addiso'ni or suprarena'le = Addison’s 
'" disease. M. palpebra'rum, dark discoloration 
around the eyes, M. uteri'num, melasma due to 
uterine disease; chloasma uterinum. [< (leXag 
black.] tme-las'mic. 

me-las'sic acid. A dark*colored substance, Ci2H^o05, 
formed when glucose is heated with aqueous 
solutions of alkalies. 

me-lat'ro-phy, me-la-tro'phi a. Atrophy of the 
limbs. [< fielog limb + atrophy.] 
mel-e-ag'ra. ==Melagra. 
me-le'na. = M e l .e n a . 

mel'ene. A hydrocarbon, C3QHg(,, from ordinary 
beeswax; melissylene. [<L. me/honey.] 
mel'e-tin. = Quercetin. 

me-lez'i-tose. Larch sugar, CjgH 320 jg +2H2O: ob¬ 
tained from larch manna. [< F. milkze larch.] 
fme-lez'i-tase, a ferment hydrolyzing melezitose, 
cael'ia. =Azbdarach. 

-melia. -melos. 


mel-i-ce'ra, -ce'ri a, -ce'ris. i. An encysted tu^r 
with viscous, thick, glue*like contents. 2. Any 
skin disease marked by a viscid, syrupy exuda¬ 
tion. [< lie'll honey + uripdg wax.] fmel-i-ce'- 
rous; mel-i-cer'i-tous. 

mel-i-gei'on. A stinking discharge from ulcers. 

[< /zeXi honey-fye/of earthy.] 

Melilo'tus. A genus of leguminous plants. M. 
caeru'lea, ^ melan. M. officina'lis, yellow mel'- 
ilot, an herbaceous, naturalized leguminous 
plant, originally a native of Europe; yellow 
sweet clover. Its flowers contain coumarin and 
its leaves mel-i-lot'ic acid, CgHjgOj. [< p-kKi 
honey -f ^wrdf lotus.] 

me-li-neph-i-dro'sis. A yellow sweat: seen some¬ 
times in yellow fever. ^ Chromidrosis. [< 
pifkivog quince*colored -f- k(l>idpuGig sweat.] 
mebi-nite. An explosive made from picric acid. 

Its fumes may cause poisoning, 
mel-i'o-form. A proprietary disinfectant composed 
of formaldehyde, aluminum acetate, borax, 
glycerin, and water. 

Melis'sa. i. Balm, a genus of labiate plants. 2. 
The 1890 U. S. P. name for the leaves and tops 
of Melis'sa officina'lis. It is fragrant and aro¬ 
matic, and used as a diaphoretic in fevers. Dose, 
4 to 8 Gm. (i to 2 drs.). [< p.e'Xtaaa bee.] 
me-lis'sic acid. A crystalline acid, C3QHgg02, from 
beeswax. [< peALaaa bee.] 
me-lis'sy-lene. — Melene. 

mel-i-tae'mi a, -thae'mi a. An excessive amount of 
sugar in the blood, common in diabetes melli- 
Tus. [< pelt honey + atpa blood.] 
mel-i-tag'ra. A name for impetigo, crusta lac- 
tea, or FAVUS. [< pell honeyay pa seizure.] 
mel-i-ten'sis septicsemia. = Malta fever. 
me-li'tis. Inflammation of the cheek. [< pfj'X.ov 
cheek.] 

mel*i-to-pty'a-lism. The secretion of saliva con¬ 
taining glucose: said to occur in hectic fever. 
[< peXi honey -|- Trrva^.ov saliva.] 
mel'i-tose. i. A peculiar sugar, Cj2H220j|, of Aus¬ 
tralian manna, the sugar*beet, etc. 2. =Raffi- 

NOSE. 

mel-i-tri'ose. =Raffinose. 

mel-i-tu'ri a. A transient glycosuria. This word 
is often erroneously used as a synonym for dia¬ 
betes mellitus. M. inosi'ta = iNosiTURiA. [< 
peXi honey -I- ovpov urine.] 
mel-lam'ide, -lim'ide, mel-lit'i-mide. A white, amor¬ 
phous substance, Ci2H3N30g, formed by dry dis¬ 
tillation of ammonium mellate; paramide, 
mel'late. A salt of mellitic acid. 

Mel'ler’s operation. An operation for the removal 
of the tear*sac. [If J. A. M. A. ij. ’09.] 

Mel'lin’s food. A proprietary malted food for 
infants. 

mel-li-tae'mi a. =*= Melit^emia. 
meblite. =Mellitum. 

mel-lit'ic acid, A bitter, crystalline substance, 
Cj2HgOj2i formed by oxidizing pure carbon; 
graphitic acid. 

mel-li'tum, pi. -ta. A preparation with honey as 
a menstruum; mellite. M. ro'sae = mel ros.e*. 
mel'lo-gen. An amorphous compound, C^HgO^, 
formed in the electrolysis of distilled water, 
mel'lon, -lone. A radical substance, C3H3N9. 
mel-lo-phan'ic acid. A crystalline substance 
CgH2(COOH),. 

mel-ma-ro'ba. A proprietary preparation of man- 
aoa, oaroba, stillingia, and potassium iodide: 
used in syphilis, etc. 


MELOCACTUS 


547 


MEMBRANA 


'Melocac'tus. A genus of American cactaceous 
plants. The flowers of M. contmu'nis are said 
to be antiluetic. 

mel-o-did'y-mus. A monster having double limbs 
or extremities. [< ,ueAof limb + twin.] 

mel'ol. A proprietary castor*oil mixture, 
mel-o-ma'ni a. Abnormal fondness for music. 

[< fie?.og song + mania.] fmel-o-ma'ni ac. 
me-lom'e-lus. A fetal monster having rudimentary 
limbs besides the normal ones. [< limb + 

fieXog limb.] 

mel'on tree, i®- Papain. 

me-lon'cus. A tumor of the cheek. [ < fir/Xov cheek 
■i-byKog tumor.] 

mel-o-nem'e-tin. A brown amorphous emetic from 
Cu'cumis me'lo. 

mePonsseed bodies. Seed»like bodies occurring in 
joints and sheaths of tendons; rice*bodies. 
mel'o-plas-ty. Plastic operations on or surgery of 
a cheek for the repair of a wound, lesion, or 
congenital defect. [ < fiii'kov cheek + TrAdcae/p to 
mould.] fiiiel-o-plas'tic. 

-melos, -melia. Denoting a limb or part, as in 
MICROMELOS, -LIA. 

mel-o-sal'gi a. Pain in the lower limbs. fielog 
limb + aTiyog pain.] 

me-los'chi-sis. A congenital fissure of the face 
beginning at the upper lip, traversing the cheek, 
and running toward the eye. i®" Harelip; mac- 
rostomia; schistoprosopia. [< lifjTiov cheek+ 
ox'iGLg cleft.] 

me-lo'sis. The use of the probe. [ < ii^Tiuoig.] 
mel-o-skel'e-ton. The skeleton of the limbs as 
distinguished from that of the trunk. [< (xeT^og 

limb + SKELETON.] 

mel-o-trid'y-mus. A fetal monstrosity with three* 
fold limbs. [< jUfAof limb + Tptdvfiog three*fold.] 
me-lo'tris. An ear*pick or ear*spoon. [< Gr.] 
melt'ingspoint. The temperature at which a solid 
begins to assume the liquid state, as ice at o° C. 
mem'basyaw. One of the late and persistent crops 
of framboesial sores, t®" Frambcesia. [Said to be 
a corruption of “ remember yaw.”] 
mem'ber. A subordinate part of the body, partic¬ 
ularly a limb; membrum*. 
mem^bra. Plural of membrum. [L.] tm^m'bral, 
appendicular; not axial; belonging to a member 
or limb, and not to the body proper, 
mem-bra'na, pi. -nee. =Membrane. M. adventi'- 
tia. I. =Adventitia. 2. =Decidua reflexa, 
M. agni'na == amnion. M. albugin'ea oc'uli 
=TUNiCA albuginea oculi. M. atlantosoccipi- 
taflis ante'rior* and poste'rior*, ^ occipito»at- 
loid ligament. M. basila'ris = basilar mem¬ 
brane. M. cadu'ea = DECIDUA. M. capsula'ris, 
the part of the vascular envelope which surrounds 
the posterior surface of the fetal lens. M. cap- 
sulopupilla'ris = capsulopupillary membrane. 
M. choriocapilla'ris= ENTOCHOROiDEA. M. con- 
juncti'va, s®- conjunctiva. M. cortica'lis = vi¬ 
telline MEMBRANE. M. decid'uac*, the decidu¬ 
ous membranes of the uterus: the Decid'ua ve'ra*, 
Decid'ua capsula'ris*, and Decid’ua hasa'lis*. 
t®* Decidua. M. denta'ta = liga.mentum den- 
ticulatum. M. duddelia'na = Descemet’s mem¬ 
brane. M. eb'oris, the cellular envelope of 
the pulp of a tooth. M. elas'tica laryn'gis*, 
the elastic membrane or submucous layer of 
the larynx. M. flae'eida, t®- M. tympani*. M. 
germinatPva— blastoderm. M. granulo'sa. i. 
The layer of nucleated cells lining the ovicap- 
sule of the graafian vesicles; stratum granulosum 


ependyma folliculi; couche celluleuse. 2. The 
granular layer of the retina. M. ho'vii = ENTO- 
CHOROiDEA. M. hu'moris aquo'si = Descemet’s 
MEMBRANE. M. hyaloPdea*, the delicate mem¬ 
brane which surrounds the vitreous humor, the 
anterior layer forming the suspensory ligament 
of the lens; hyaloid membrane. The canal of 
Stilling is also lined with this membrane. M. 
hyothyreoi'dea* = THYROHYOID membrane. M. 
interos'sea antibra'chii*, a ligamentous membrane 
forming an intermediate fibrous union between 
the shafts of the radius and ulna, at the elbow 
joint. M. interos'sea cru'ris*, ^tibiofibular 
LIGAMENT. M. (tu'nica) jaco'bi = Jacob’s mem¬ 
brane. M. lamino'sa, the membrane covering 
the fetal surface of the placenta after removal of 
the amnion: formed by the atrophied allantois. 
M. ligamento'sa = LiGAMENTUM latum epistro¬ 
phei. M. lim'itans exter'na, an apparent mem¬ 
brane separating the bacillary and outer nuclear 
layers of the retina. M. lim'itans inter'na, the 
membrane which defines the retina within. M. 
muco'sa na'si* = SCHNEIDERIAN membrane. M. 
nic'titans = nictitating membrane. M. obtura- 
to'ria*, the membrane which covers almost the 
entire obturator foramen; obturator membrane. 
M. obtura'trix, a membrane which closes the fourth 
ventricle in early fetal life. M. pituita'ria (pituito'- 
sa) = SCHNEIDERIAN MEMBRANE. M. pro'pria, the 
basement membrane of mucous membrane. M. 
pupilla'ris*, a very thin membrane which covers 
the pupil of the eye in the foetus, until about the 
seventh month, when absorption begins, the proc¬ 
ess usually being complete at birth; pupillary 
membrane; Wachendorf’s membrane. In some 
animals it does not normally disappear until 
some days after birth, and pathologically it may 
remain in man. M. quadrangula'ris*, a fibrous 
membrane extending from the epiglottis to the 
arytenoid cartilages, as far as the free edge of 
the aryepiglottic folds. M. reticula'ris, the mem¬ 
brane covering the area of the outer hair*cells of 
the organ of Corti; lamina reticularis; Kolliker’s 
membrane. M. ruyschia'na= entochoroidea. 
M. saccifor'mis, the synovial membrane of the 
lower radio*ulnar articulation. M. schneideri- 
a'na = SCHNEIDERIAN MEMBRANE. M. secunda'- 
ria, the membrane which fills the fenestra 
ROTUNDA. M. serot'ina, that* portion of the 
DECIDUA REFLEXA which is formed later than 
the rest. M. shrapneTli, Shrapnell’s membrane. 
i®-M. TYMPANI*. M. ster'ni*, a tough layer en- 
sheathing the sternum in front and behind. M. 
succin'gens, the pleura. M. tecto'ria* = oc- 
CIPITO*AXIAL LIGAMENT. [H P. ’07.] M. tecto'- 
ria — CoRTi’s MEMBRANE. M. ten'sa, t®- m. tym¬ 
pani*. M. tym'pani*, the irregular circular 
membrane which closes the cavity of the tym¬ 
panum at the bottom of the auditory meatus; 
drumhead; ear*drum; drum membrane; septum 
membranaceum duris; meninx auris. It consists 
of a large lower part (M. ten'sa or M. vi'brans) 
and a small, flaccid upper part {M. flac'cida, 
pars flaccida*, Shrapnell's membrane). In the 
otoscopic picture seen through the aural specu¬ 
lum there may be also seen the umbo, the end 
of the MANUBRIUM, and the cone of light. M. 
tym'pani secunda'ria*, the membrane which 
closes the fenestra rotunda. M. vestibula'ris 
[Reiss'neri]*= Reissner’s membrane. M. vi'¬ 
brans, M. TYMP.ANI*. M. vitelli'na — VITELLINE 
membrane. M. vit'rea = lamina vitrea. 


MEMBRANE 


548 


tnem'brane. A skinslike tissue composed of inter¬ 
woven fibres, covering some part of the body, 
and sometimes having a secreting surface. 
Membranous; meninges; tunica. The simple 
membranes are of three kinds, mucous, serous, 
and fibrous. i. Mucous membranes, covered 
with epithelium, investing or lining cavities 
and canals which communicate with the ex¬ 
ternal air, as the mouth, the nose, etc.; tuni- 
cae mucosae*. 2. Serous membranes, lining cav¬ 
ities which (except in the ostia of the fallopian 
tubes) have no external communication, such as 
the pleural and peritoneal cavities; iunicae sero¬ 
sae*. They have a smooth, glossy surface, and 
are covered with endothelium, from which exudes 
a transparent serous fluid. When this fluid is 
secreted in excess, dropsy of such parts is the 
result. 3. Fibrous membranes of various forms, 
constituting fasciae, sheaths, aponeuroses, etc.; 
tunicae fibrosae*. Among the many varieties other 
than those defined under membrana are Alveolo- 
dental (= periodontal). Animal, Arachnoid, 
Basement, Basilar, Bichat’s, Bowman’s, 
Bruch’s, Capsulopupillary, Cargile, Cloacal, 
Cobalt aurate. Complex, Compound, Corti’s, 
COSTOCORACOID, CRICOTHYROID, CrOUPOUS, De- 
bove’s, Demours’s or Descemet’s, Diphtheric, 
Diphtheritic, Drum (= membrana tympani*), 
DuddelVs {= Descemet’s), Elastic, Enamel, 
False, Fenestrated, Fetal, Fibromucous, Fi¬ 
brous MEMBRANE, 3), Germinal (= blasto¬ 
derm), Hannover’s intermediate, Haptogenic 
(= haptogen), Henle’s, Henle’s elastic, 
Henle’s fenestrated (= fenestrated), Hovius’s 
(= entochoroidea), Huxley’s, Hyaline, In¬ 
terosseous, Jacob’s, Kolliker's ( = membrana 
reticularis), Krause’s, Limiting, Meconic, 
Medullary ( = endosteum). Mucocutaneous, 
Mucous (is- membrane, i), Nasmyth’s, Nicti¬ 
tating, Obturator, Palatine, Peridental or Pe¬ 
riodontal, Pharyngeal, Pleuropericardial, 
PsEUDosEROus, Pupillary, Purpurogenous, 
Pyogenic, Pyophylactic, Reichert’s (= Bow¬ 
man’s), Reissner’s, Reticular or Reticulated (— 

MEMBRANA RETICULARIS), Ruysch’S (= ENTOCHO¬ 
ROIDEA), Scarpa’s, Schneiderian, Serous (ts- 
MEMBRANE, 2), ShrapnelVs (ts -membrana tympa- 
Ni*), Synovial, Tectorial (= Corti’s), Tenon’s, 
Thyrohyoid, ^Tympanic (= membrana tym- 
PANi*), Vitelline, Volkmann’s, Wachendorf’s, 
and Zinn’s. M.=bone, a bone (like those of the 
face and vault of the skull) not preceded by 
cartilage, but developed directly from the peri¬ 
osteal membrane. [< L. membra'na membrane.] 
fmem-bra-na'ce ous. mem'bra-nate. mem-bra'- 
ni-form, as M. cartilage = fibrocartilage. 
mem'bra-noid. 

mem'bra-nin. i. The proteid of the lens=capsule 
and Descemet’s MEMBRANE. 2. The cellulose of 
yeast cells. 

mem'bra-no-. Composed of or denoting relation 
to a membrane: a combining form. [<L. mem- 
bra'na membrane.] mem*bra-no-car'ne ous, com¬ 
posed of membranous and fleshy tissue.— mem*- 
bra-no-car-ti-lag'i-nous, relating to membrane 
and cartilage.— mem*bra-no-cra'ni um, the skull 
of the foetus before it has become ossified.— 
mem*bra-no-gen'ic, generating membranes.— 
mem'bra-noid, resembling membrane. — mem- 
bra-nol'o-gy, the science of membranes, their 
nature, quality, and use.— mem-bra-no'sus. i. 
= Membranous. 2. = Semimembranosus. 


MENIERE’S DISEASE 

% 

mem'bra-nous. Composed of membrane; resem¬ 
bling MEMBRANE. M. ampullae == ampullae 
MEMBRANACEAE*. M. Canal, the COCHLEAR DUCT. 
M. cataract, a fluid cataract which has become 
reduced to a mere pellicle. M. conjunctivitis, 
conjunctivitis crouposa. M. croup, 
croup; diphtheria. M. desquamation, des¬ 
quamation. M. dysmenorrhcea, k^dysmenor- 
RHCEA. M. (tubular) enteritis = mucocolitis. 
M. labyrinth, labyrinth. M. navel, the edges 
of the incompletely united abdominal plates 
which surround the umbilical vesicle of the foe¬ 
tus. M. part or portion of the male urethra, the 
short narrow portion of the urethra between the 
apex of the prostate and the oorpus spongiosum 
and included between the layers of the triangular 
ligament; the isthmus urethrae; pars membra- 
nacea*. M. septum, nasal septum. M. sore 
throat, sore throat attended with the forma¬ 
tion of a false membrane. M. vestibule, the 
portion of the membranous labyrinth lining the 
osseous vestibule of the ear. [< L. membra'na 
membrane.] 

mem'bra-nule. A little membrane, 
mem'brum*, pi. -bra. A member or limb. M. mu- 
lie'bre, the clitoris. M. viri'le, the penis, 
mem'o-ry. A faculty of the mind which retains or 
recalls ideas and objects which have produced 
sensations, and is a basis for reason and judg¬ 
ment. Loss of m. m- amnesia. 

Mem'phis (Mem'phi an) stone. A stone fabled to 
render parts touched by it proof against injury, 
men'a-gogue. = Emmenagogue. 
me-nar'che. The onset of menstruation, 
men-da'ci a. = Flores unguium. 

Mendel'ieyeff’s (Mendel'^eff’s, Mendel'ejeff’s) peri¬ 
odic law. The arrangement of the elements into 
groups, according to their atomic weights, which 
increase by an almost constant increment, each 
group possessing many physical properties in 
common. Mendeheyeff’s original eight groups 
have been increased to nine by Ramsay’s dis¬ 
coveries. Argon. 

Men'del’s convolution. A convolution of the frontal 
lobe, forming part of the operculum; opercular 
convolution. [< E. Mendel, 1839- .] 

Men'del’s (men-de'li an) law. An important law of 
heredity, announced by the monk Gregor Mendel 
[1822-1884] in 1865, from his studies in plant 
hybridization—and but recently rediscovered— 
that the second generation of a hybrid of two 
varieties of the same species consists of every 
possible combination of the characters of the 
parent varieties, and each of the types occurring 
is present in a certain definite proportion to the 
total number of individuals. ^ Heredity. 
Jmen'del-ism. (See illustration, next page.) 
Men'del’s sign. Plantar flexion of the toes, some¬ 
times with spreading also, seen in spastic states, 
instead of the normal dorsal flexion on percussing 
the lateral proximal dorsum of the foot.' 
men-el-lip'sis. Failure of the catamenia. 
men-en-ceph-a-li'tis. Inflammation of the brain 
due to some catamenial irregularity, 
men-ha'den oil. The oil of a fish, Alo'sa menha'- 
den: used as a substitute for codsliver oil. 
men-i-dro'sis, men-hi-dro'sis. A sweating attack 
which takes the place of menstruation. 

Mdni&re’s disease (me-ni-^rz). A disease, usually 
coming on suddenly, caused by various patho¬ 
logical changes in the internal ear (according to 
Meniere in the semicircular canals of the laby- 


MENIKELIS 


549 


MENINGO- 


rinth); aural or auditory vertigo. Noises, more 
or less deafness, vertigo, nausea, and some apo¬ 
plectic symptoms may accompany it. [Prosper 
Miniire, 1799-1862. Gaz. Mid. de Par. ’61.] 



Mendel’s Law. —Crossing varieties (as bearded and 
beardless wheat) produces a second generation showing 
only the dominant (bearded) type. One fourth of the 
third generation shows the recessive (beardless) type, 
and gives rise to the pure recessive type for all follow¬ 
ing generations; another fourth gives rise to a pure 
dominant race; and the remaining half produces a 
third generation which repeats the characteristics of 
the second one. 

men-i-ke'lis. =Menocelis. 

me-nin-gar-throc'a-ce. Disease of the synovial 
membrane of a joint. [< membrane-t- 

dpOpov joint +/caA?; fault.] 

me-nin'ge al. Belonging to the membranes of the 
brain or of the spinal cord. M. apoplexy, apo¬ 
plexy due to rupture of a meningeal blood* 
vessel, often a cause of birth palsies. M. arteries, 
arteries supplying the cerebral meninges. They 
are the anterior, or A. meningea anterior"^, from 
the anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches of 
the ophthalmic, supplying the anterior fossa; the 
middle {great), or^. meningea the largest 

branch of the internal maxillary, entering the 
cranium through the spinous foramen; occasion¬ 
ally a small, also from the internal maxillary, 
entering through the foramen ovale; and the 
posterior, or A. meningea posterior^, represented 
by branches derived from the occipital and the 
vertebral which pass through the jugular fora¬ 
men, an additional twig from the occipital pass¬ 
ing through the mastoid foramen, and twigs from 
the ascending pharyngeal which gain the interior 
of the skull through the anterior condyloid fora¬ 
men. M. foramen, an occasional opening in the 
squamous portion of the temporal bone, trans¬ 
mitting a branch of the middle meningeal artery. 
M. grooves, prominent depressions on the inner 
surface of the cranial bones in which the menin¬ 
geal arteries lie, those of the branches of the 
middle meningeal artery in the parietal bone 
being the most marked, Pacchionian granu¬ 
lations. M. nerves, branches of the hypoglossal 
and vagus nerves. M. veins, the veins of the me¬ 
ninges, the most important of which are the inter¬ 
nal and middle, accompanying arteries of the same 
name; venae meningeae*. M. vessels, the blood* 
vessels of the meninges. [< prjviy^ membrane.] 

me-nin*ge-o-cor'ti-cal. = Meningocortical. 

me-nin-ge-or'rha-phy. Suture of the meninges. 

me-nin'g€s. Plural of meninx. The meninges of 
the brain and spinal cord, from without in, are 


the DURA MATER, the PIA MATER, and the arach¬ 
noid. Meningitis. 

me-ning-haem-a-to'ma, me-ning-ae-ma-to'ma. A 

HEMATOMA of the dura mater, 
me-nin'gine. The pia mater with the inner layer 
of the arachnoid, the inflammation of which is 
called me-nin-gi-ni'tis. t®- Meninx. 
me-nin'gism. i, A form of pseudomeningitis 
having symptoms similar to tuberculous menin- 
gitis, but usually not fatal. 2. A simple disturb¬ 
ance of the meningeal circulation, 
men-in-gi'tis. Inflammation of the membranes of 
the brain {cerebral m.) or of those of the spinal 
cord {spinal m.) or both {cerebrospinal m.). 
When affecting the dura mater alone, it is known 
as pachymeningitis; the arachnoid, arachnitis; 
the pia mater, piitis ; and when both the arach¬ 
noid and pia mater, leptomeningitis. It may 
be acute, subacute, or chronic and occur as a 
complication in erysipelas, gout, syphilis, typhoid 
fever, etc. Among the specially named varieties 
of meningitis are Alcoholic, BasIlar, Cere¬ 
brospinal, Occlusive, Otitic, Posterior, Sep¬ 
tic, Septicemic, Simple, Spinal, Suppurative, 
Traumatic, Tubercular, and Tuberculous. 

Brudzinski’s contralateral reflex; B.’s 
NECK SIGN. [< pijviy^ membrane.] men-in-git'ic, 
as M. streak, a congested streak produced on the 
skin by some stimulation, as by drawing the finger 
across it: seen in cerebrospinal meningitis and 
other nervous disorders, ts-D ermatographism. 
men-in-git'i-form. mendn-git-o-pho'bi a, a spuri¬ 
ous meningitis due to fear of having the disease, 
me-nin'gi um. The arachnoid membrane, 
me-nin'go-. Relating to the meninges: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< pvviy^ membrane.] me-nin'go- 
cele, a protrusion, especially congenital, of the 
meninges. According as the protrusion is of 
the brain or spinal coverings, it is known as cere¬ 
bral m. ov spinal m. ^ Encephalocele ; spina 
BIFIDA. — me-nin*go-ceph-a-li'tis, -cer-e-bri'tis = 
MENiNGO*ENCEPHALiTis. — me-nln-go-coc'cus = 
Diplococcus intracellularis. — me-nin-go- 
cor'ti-cal, relating to the meninges and the cor¬ 
tex.— me-nin’go=en-ceph-a-li'tis, meningitis com¬ 
bined with inflammation of the brain; menin- 
gocephalitis; meningocerebritis. It may be fetal, 
tuberculous, etc.— me-nin’gosen-ceph'a-lo-cele, 
hernia of part of the brain enclosed in its mem¬ 
branes.— me-nin'go=en-ceph*a-lo-my-e-li'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the meninges, brain, and spinal 
cord.— me-nin'go=e-pen-dy-mi'tis, meningitis at¬ 
tended with inflammation of the ependyma.— 
me-nin’go-gas-tri'tis. i. Inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the stomach. 2. Combined 
meningitis and gastritis. tm6~Hin-go-gas'tric, 
as M. fever. — me-nin*go-ma-la'ci a, an abnor¬ 
mally soft condition of the meninges.— me-nin*- 
go-my-e-li'tis, inflammation of the spinal me¬ 
ninges with myelitis. [1 J. A. M.A. j. ’06.]— me- 
nin-go-my'e-lo-cele, spinal meningocele with 
myelocele; spina bifida in which both the 
cord and the meninges protrude, the subarach¬ 
noid space being filled with a fluid.— me-nin’go* 
os-te-o-phle-bi'tis, periostitis combined with in¬ 
flammation of the veins of a bone.— me-nin*- 
go-rha-chid'i an, pertaining both to the spinal 
meninges and to the spinal column, or rhachis. 
— me-nin-gor-rha'gi a, hemorrhage from a me¬ 
ningeal vessel or vessels.— me-nin-gor-rhoe'a, a 
hemorrhagic effusion between or upon the me¬ 
ninges.— men-in-go'sis, a variety of syndesmosis. 





































MENINGURIA 


550 


MENSURA 


consisting in the union of osseous pieces by 
membrane, as in the cranial bones of the 
foetus.— me-nin-go-spi'nal, relating to the spinal 
meninges.— me-nin-go-sym'phy-sis, adhesion of 
the cerebral or spinal meninges to each other 
or to the brain or spinal cord.— me-nin-go- 
ty'phoid, typhoid with pronounced meningeal 
symptoms. 

men-in-gu'ri a. The passing of urine containing 
membranous shreds. [< membrane+ 

urine.] 

me'ninx, pi. menin'ges. A membrane, especially 
a membrane of the brain or spinal cord, as 
M. arachnoi'dea (= arachnoid membrane), M. 
au'ris (= membrana tympani*), M. cerebra'lis 

{or CEREBRAL MEMBRANE), M. choHoi'deS ( = 
CHOROID membrane), M. cras'sa, du'ra, exte'rior, 
packet'a, or scle'ra (= dura mater), M. fibro'sa 
{or membrane), M. inte'rior {— pia mater), M. 
me'dia {= arachnoid membrane), M. sero'sa 
(t^ membrane), M. vasculo'sa (= pi.\ mater). 
[< fifjvLy^ membrane.] 

men-i-sci'tis. Inflammation of a semilunar carti¬ 
lage of the knee. 

me-nis'cus, pi. -ci. i. A crescent*shaped body, 
especially a cartilage between the joints, ts- Tac¬ 
tile MENISCI. M. articula'- 
ris*, articular crescent. M. 
latera'lis* and media'lis*, or 

SEMILUNAR CARTILAGES. 2 . 

A lens convex on one side and 
concave on the other; peri- 
scopic lens: spoken of as 
negative when convexoconcave 
and positive -when concavocon- 
vex. [< /XT/viaKog crescent.] 
tme-nis'coid, resembling a 
crescent; shaped like a con- 
cavoconvex lens. 

men-i-sper'mum. The 1890 U. 

S. P. name for “moon=seed,” 
the rhizome and rootlets of 
A/, canaden'se: reputed to be 
tonic. Dose, 0.3 to 2 Gm. (5 
to 30 grs.). From it are ob¬ 
tained men-i-sper'mic acid ; 
men-i-sper'min, a resinous 
precipitate from the tincture, 
dose, 0.065 to 0-3 Gm. (i to 
5 grs.); and men'is-pine, a 
white, amorphous alkaloid. 

[< fiiiv?! moon + (TTTfpua seed.] 

men'o-. Pertaining to the men¬ 
ses or catamenia: a combin¬ 
ing form, Menses. [< fiyvey menses, fr. pfjv 
month.] men-o-ce'lis, -ke'lis, the formation of 
erythematous spots on the skin due to suppres¬ 
sion of menses.— men-o-lip'sis, cessation or re¬ 
tention of the catamenia.— men*o-me-tas'ta-sis 
= VICARIOUS MENSTRUATION. — men'o-pad, a pad 
for catching the menstrual flow.— men'o-pause, 
-pau'sis, the period during which physiological 
menstruation gradually ceases, occurring usually 
at about 43 years of age; change of life; grand 
climacteric. rs- Menstruation. — men-o-pha'- 
nia, first appearance of the menstrual flow.— 
men-o-pla'ni a = vicarious menstruation.— 
men-or-rha'gi a, -rha-gy, immoderate flowing of 
the catamenia or of blood from the uterus. 
%s- Metrorrhagia. M. al'ba = leucorrhcea. 
fmen-or-rhag'ic, as M. fever. — men-or-rhal'gi a, 
painful menstruation, fmen-or-rhal'gic. — men- 


or-rhoe'a. i. =Menorrhagia. 2. The ordinary 
or normal flow of the menses.— me-nos'che- 
sis, arrest of the menses.— men-o-sep'sis, blood* 
poisoning due to retained menses.— men'o-stase, 
-sta'sia, me-nos'ta-sis. i. Suppression of the 
catamenia. 2. The molimen or premonitory 
stage of the menstrual process. t™®ii“0“Stat'ic. 
— men-ox-e'ni a, me-nox-e-no'sis, vicarious or 
irregular catamenial discharge, 
men-o-ty-phlo'sis, -phlo'tes. Blindness said to be 
due to lunar influences. 

mens, gen. men'tis. =Mind. [L., fr. juh’og cour¬ 
age, strength.] 

men'sa. The crown of a molar tooth. [L., “table.”] 
men'sal. Occurring every month, 
men-sa'lis. = Trapezius. 
men^san. OiPfreed hazelsnuts: haemostatic, 
men'ses. The characteristic discharge of altered 
blood, — about 140 Gm. (4^ ozs.),— mucus, and 
modified epithelium from the uterus during 
menstruation; catamenia; monthlies; periods; 
courses; menstrua; menstrual flux; menstrual ex¬ 
cretion; oestrousprocess. ^Heat; ovulation. 
[PI. of L. men'sis month.] 

men-stru-a'tion. The physiological modifications 
occurring in the female generative tract anticipa¬ 
tory to the possible reception of a fertilized ovum. 
During this process the uterine mucosa becomes 
thickened and modified, and on regression with¬ 
out pregnancy is followed by the appearance of 
the MENSES. Menstruation normally takes place 
about every 28 days, except during pregnancy 
and LACTATION, from puberty to the menopause, 
and lasts from 2 to 5 days. It occurs earlier in 
warm countries than in cold and in Jews than in 
Anglo*Saxons. It is also found in the higher 
apes. ^Menses; menidrosis; menstrual gan¬ 
glia ; CESTRUS. Menstruation may be Concealed or 
Occult when there is secretion but not excretion. 
Difficult (= dysmenorrhcea). Ectopic (= vica¬ 
rious), Laborious (= dysmenorrhcea), Afembra- 
nous, Premature, Profuse (= menorrhagia). 
Scanty (c^- amenorrhcea). Supplementary (=vi- 
CARious), Vicarious, etc. [< L. men'struus 
monthly, fr. men'sis month.] fnien'stru-al or 
men'stru-ous, as M. blood, the blood discharged 
in menstruation: M. climacteric, climacteric: 
M. colic, colic pain in the uterus due to men¬ 
struation: A/, decidua = DECiDuA menstrualis: 
M. epilepsy, epileptic seizures associated with 
menstruation: M. excretion = ue^ses\ M. flux, 
the catamenia; the menses: M. ganglia, auto¬ 
matic ganglia presiding over menstruation, said 
by Byron Robinson to exist in the walls of the 
uterus and oviducts: Af. hcematemesis, vomiting 
of blood in cases of amenorrhcea: M. herpes, 
herpes of the vulva due to menstruation: M. leu- 
corr/icFa, ^ LEUCORRHCEA : M. tno/tmew, the effort 
of the generative organs to produce a menstrual 
flow: M. period, the time when the menses are 
flowing: M. secretion — menses: M. ulcer, an 
ulcer which is the seat of vicarious menstruation, 
men'stru-ant, a female who has attained, but not 
passed, the age at which menstruation becomes 
possible: men'stru-ate. 

men'stni-um. A liquid used to dissolve or extract 
the virtues of vegetable drugs by percolation, in¬ 
fusion, decoction, etc.; a solvent. [< L. men'¬ 
struus monthly, as formerly the menses of a 
woman were held to have extraordinary solvent 
power.] 

men-su'ra. By measure: abbr. m. [L.] 



Menispermum.— 
Microscopic ap¬ 
pearance of rhi¬ 
zome. 




MENSURATION 


551 


MENTO- 


men-su-ra'tion. The act or process of measuring 
the thorax, abdomen, etc., in physical diagnosis. 

men'ta. —Mentha. 

raen-tag'ra. An indefinite term applied to various 
skin diseases on the chin, especially of children, 
as sycosis or favus. [< Mentum + aypu seizure.] 

men-ta-groph'y-ton. =Microsporon mentagro- 
PHYTES. 

men'tal. Pertaining to the mind. M. aberration, 
paranoia more or less closely bordering on insan¬ 
ity. M. capacity, the capacity or ability of the 
mind. M. disease, a disease of the mind, due to 
either developmental error, disorder of function, 
degeneration, or infective or toxic conditions. M. 
healing, any cure effected by the mind over the 
body, Psychotherapeutics. M. images, the 
conceptions of the mind produced by and corre¬ 
sponding to objects perceived by the senses, 
including acoustic {auditory), tactile, visual 
images, etc. M. impression, i®- impression, def. 
2. M. life = INTELLECTUAL LIFE. M. stupor, di¬ 
minished or suspended activity of the mental fac¬ 
ulties. M. telegraphy = TELEPATHY. M.vaginis- 
. mus, VAGINISMUS. [< h. mefita'Us, fr. mens 
mind.] fmen-tal'i-ty. mendal-i-za'tion, the op¬ 
eration of the mind. 

menffal. Relating to the chin. M. artery, the 
terminal branch of the inferior dental artery, dis¬ 
tributed to the chin; arteria mentalis*. M. for¬ 
amen, a foramen of the dental canal in the an¬ 
terior portion of the body of the inferior maxillary 
bone; foramen mentale*. M. fossa, a small de¬ 
pression on the anterior surface of the body of the 
inferior maxillary on each side of the symphysis. 
M. nerve, a branch of the inferior dental nerve 
distributed to the lower lip and chin; nervus men- 
talis*. M. plexus, the interlacing of the mental 
and facial nerves at the mental foramen. M. 
point, the middle point of the lower border of the 
lower jaw. M. position, the position of the foetus 
in labor in which the head is extended and the 
chin presented. M. process, prominence, or protu¬ 
berance = PROTUBERANTIA MENTALIS*. M. Spine 
= SPINA MENTALIS*. M. symphysis, symphy¬ 
sis OF THE LOWER JAW. M. tubercle = TUBER- 
CULUM MENTALS*. M. veins, branches of the facial 
vein, distributed around the chin. [< L. men- 
ta'lis, fr. men'tum chin.] fnien-taTis = levator 

MENTI. 

Men'tha. A genus of labiate herbs, containing many 
species. M. aquat'ica, watermint: used like M. 
viridis* but more bitter and pungent. M. arven'- 
sis, fieldmint ; cornmint. The East supplies great 
quantities of oil and menthol from this plant. 
M. canaden'sis, Canada or North American horse- 
mint. M. cris'pa, crispmint: used like pepper¬ 
mint. M. piperi'ta*, peppermint, the dried leaves 
and flowering tops of M. piperi'ta, a perennial 
herb, naturalized in the United States; mint. 
Its taste is aromatic, pungent, and attended with 
a sensation of coolness. It is used as an aromatic, 
stimulant, and carminative. Dose, 4 Gm. (60 
grs.). Aqua menth^ piperit.®*; oleum 
mentHvE piperita*; spiritus menth.® piper¬ 
ita*. M. pule'gium, the European pennyroyal. 
It is used as a carminative, emmenagogue, and 
stomachic. M. sylves'tris, horsemint. M. vir'- 
idis*, spearmint, the dried leaves and flowering 
tops of M. spica'ta. The virtues and applications 
of this plant are the same as those of M. piperi'ta. 
^ Aqua mentha viridis*; oleum mentha 
viridis*; spiritus mentha viridis*. 


men-thal'cal. A proprietary preparation of men¬ 
thol and the active principles of a mineral water 
from Ems, Germany. 

men'thene. i. A colorless, transparent liquid, 
C|oHig, of an agreeable odor, soluble in alcohol 
and in ether, which is found in oil of peppermint 
and prepared by dehydration of menthol. 2.== 
PiNENE. 

men-thi'o-dol. A proprietary preparation of men¬ 
thol and lODOL in the form of pencils for 
neuralgia. 

men'thol*. A secondary alcohol, C^oH^yOH, ob¬ 
tained from the natural oil of peppermint, which it 
closely resembles in medicinal virtues; methyl- 
propylphenyl hexahydride; mint=camphor. It 
occurs in transparent prisms, is soluble in alcohol, 
and is incompatible with many substances. 
It is antiseptic and locally anodyne. Dose, 0.065 
Gm. (i gr.). Menthol is used largely externally, 
compressed into cones (M. pencils), as a remedy 
for neuralgia, headache, toothache, etc., and is 
said, at times, to cause deafness. Menthol forms 
salts, as M. benzoate, a mixture of menthol and 
benzoic acid: and M. valerate = \A.'Linoi.. M. 
plaster = EMPLASTRUM MENTHOL. [< L. men'tha 
mint -t- o'leum oil.] fmen'tho-lated, as M. cam- 
p/ior = camphor=menthol: and M. chloral — 

CHLORALsMENTHOL. 

men-thoTe-ate. A solution of 200 grs. of menthol 
in ^ fl. oz. of oleic acid: used locally in skin 
diseases. 

men'tho-lin. A proprietary preparation of menthol, 
I part; boric acid and pulverized coffee, 10 parts: 
used in colds. 

men-tho-lyp'tine. A proprietary external antiseptic 
of menthol and eucalyptol. 

men'thone. A liquid ketone, CjoH^gO, occurring 
naturally in oil of peppermint. 

men-tho-phe'nol. A proprietary antiseptic, ob¬ 
tained by fusing 3 parts of menthol with i part 

of PHENOL. 

men-thox'ol, men-thox'o-lum. A proprietary prep¬ 
aration of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE and an alcoholic 
solution of MENTHOL. 

men'thyl. The hypothetical radical, C^yH^g, of men¬ 
thol. M. aceto=acetate is a bactericide. 

men'to-. Relating or pertaining to the chin: a 
combining form. [< L. men'tum chin.] men*- 
tosan-te'ri-or, as M. position, that position of the 
foetus during labor in which the chin is directed 
forward.— men’to-bi-cor'ne us = geniohyoid. — 
menffo-breg-mat'ic, relating to the chin and 
bregma.— men-to-con'dy-lar, -con-dyl'i al, as M. 
triangle, a triangle with its angles at the gnathion 
and the condyles of the mandible.— men‘to-co- 
ro'nal, as M. triangle = mentocondylar tri¬ 
angle. — men-to-fron'tal, as M. diameter = 
TOMENTAL DIAMETER. — mcn-to-go'ni al, as M. 
triangle, a triangle having its angles at the gna¬ 
thion and GONiA. — men-to-hy'oid, -hy-oi'deus, 
an occasional muscular slip arising from the body 
of the hyoid bone and inserted into the symphysis 
of the chin over the mylohyoid muscle.— men- 
to-la'bi al, as M. furrow or line, the curved furrow 
between the lower lip and the prominence of the 
chin; sulcus mentolabialis*. — men-to-mas'toid, as 
M. triangle, a triangle included by the bimastoid 
diameter and lines uniting its extremities and the 
gnathion.— menffo-meck-el'i an, as M. centre, 
one of the ossification centres of the mandible, 
giving rise to that part of the bone which is be¬ 
tween the symphysis and the mental foramen.— 


MENTULAGRA 


552 


MERCURIC 


men‘to-pos-te'ri-or, as M. position, that position 
of the foetus during labor in which the chin is 
directed backward, i. e., toward the sacrum.— 

men’to-ver’ti- 
cosoc-cip'i-tal, 

as M. cravat, 
i®-Barton’s 

BANDAGE. 

men-tu-lag'ra. 

1. = Chordee. 

2 . =Priapism. 

[< L. men'tula 
penis + iiypa 
seizure.] 

m e n' t u -1 a t e . 

Having a large 
penis. 

men’tu-lo-ma 

ni a. = Mas¬ 
turbation. 
men'tum*. The 

CHIN. I^MeN- 
TO-. [L.] 

Menyan'thes. A 
genus of gen- 
tianaceous 
plants. M. trifolia'ta, the marsh trefoil, bogbean, 
or buckbean, containing a glucoside, men-y-an'- 
thin, which on decomposition yields men-y-an'- 
thol. It is a tonic and cathartic, but is seldom 
used in the United States. In France its leaves 
are employed in intennittent fevers, scrofula, and 
scurvy. Dose of powdered leaves or root o.6 to 
1.6 Gm. (lo to 25 grs.). 

me-phi'tis, meph'i-tism. i. A foul exhalation. 2. 
The collective name for a group of diseases, due 
to the exhalation of sewer and other gases, con¬ 
taining chiefly hydrogen sulphide (e^hydro- 
thion.,emia) and ammonia (t^ hydrothionam- 
MON.EMIA). They display some of the symptoms 
of fever, but have not yet been definitely placed 
clinically. [L.] fme-phit'ic, as M. air. i. Car¬ 
bon dioxide. 2. Nitrogen. 
me-raFgi a. Pain in the thigh. M. paraesthet'ica, 
a disease consisting of pains, paraesthesia, and 
anaesthesia of the thigh, due to disturbances in 
the external cutaneous femoral nerve; Bern¬ 
hardt’s disturbance of sensation, is- Intermit¬ 
tent CLAUDICATION. L. j. ’o 8 .] 

mer-am-au-ro'sis. Partial or incipient amaurosis. 

[< fiepoi; part+ amaurosis.] 
mer-an-aes-the'si a. Partial anaesthesia. [<. pipog 
part-f ANAESTHESIA.] fmer'an-aes-thet'ic. 
mer-a-tro'phi a, mer-at'ro-phy. Local or partial 
ATROPHY. [< fiepog pa.rt+ 0 , 7 po(f>'ia wasting.] 
mer-cap'tan. Any one of a group of alcohols in 
which oxygen is replaced by sulphur; a thio=alco- 
hol or sulphur alcohol. Asparagus imparts a 
marked odor to the urine owing to the absorp¬ 
tion of methyl mercaptan. [< L. mercu'rius 
mercury -f capta're to seize upon.] fmer-cap'tal, 
mer-cap'tide, mer-cap'tol, combinations of a mer¬ 
captan with an aldehyde, a metallic oxide, and 
a ketone respectively. 

mer-cau'ro. A proprietary antisyphilitic said to 
contain ^^2 each of the bromides of mercury, 
arsenic, and gold to every 10 minims. 

Mercier’s bar (m^r-si-ez). A bar at the neck of the 
bladder. M.’s coud6 catheter, a flexible, elbowed 
CATHETER. M.’s Operation, partial excision of 
the bar at the neck of the bladder. M.’s valve, 
an hypertrophied area of the internal sphincter 


muscle of the bladder causing a valve^like emi¬ 
nence at the point of entrance at the ureter. 
[< Louis Auguste Mercier, 1811-1882.] 
mer'co-lint. A proprietary cotton cloth impreg¬ 
nated with 90% mercurial ointment, 
mer-cu-ral'gam. A proprietary amalgam of mer¬ 
cury (40%), aluminium, chalk, magnesium, and 
some fat; mercuriol. 

mer-cu-ram'in. Mercury ethylenediamine citrate: 

used in 3% solution for disinfecting the hands, 
mer'cu-ran. A mixture of 50% mercurial ointment 
with goose fat. 

mer-cu'rial. i. Consisting of or belonging to mer¬ 
cury. 2. A preparation of mercury or one of its 
salts. M. balsam = unguentum hydrargyri 
NiTRATis*. M. bath, exposure of a patient to the 
fumes of calomel or other compounds of mercury. 
m- Syphilis. M. erethism, an irritated condi¬ 
tion of the system due to mercurial poisoning. 
It is marked by muscular depression, irregularity 
of the heart’s action, etc. M. insanity, insanity 
due to mercurial poisoning. M. inunction, is- 
SYPHILIS. M. lamp, a lamp arranged for the 
volatilization of mercury or its salts, is- Syphi¬ 
lis. M. lotion, black = LOTio nigra; M. lotion, 
yellow = LOTio flava. M. manometer, ma¬ 
nometer. M. nephritis, NEPHRITIS. M. oint¬ 
ment = unguentum HYDRARGYRI*. M. palsy 
or paralysis, paralysis caused by the poison of 
mercury; shaking palsy. M. pill, e^ piluLaE 
cathartiCaE compositaE*. M. plaster = emplas- 
TRUM hydrargyri*. M. ptyalism = STOMATITIS 
MERCURiALis. M. rash, an eczematoid rash due 
to the excessive local use of mercury. M. stom¬ 
atitis = STOMATITIS MERCURIALIS. M. teeth, 
loosening of the teeth due to continued absorp¬ 
tion of mercury. M. thermometer, e^ ther¬ 
mometer. M. tremor, an occupation neurosis, 
affecting those exposed to mercurial vapors and 
consisting in convulsive agitation of the volun¬ 
tary muscles when in exercise. M. ulcer, an ulcer 
due to chronic mercurial poisoning. M. ulitis, 
ULiTis due to mercurialism. e^ Mercury. 3. 
= Mercurialis annua. 

Mercuria'lis an'nua. A euphorbiaceous plant, a 
native of France, containing mer-cu'ri-a-line, a 
volatile alkaloid, CH^N; mercury herb; mercurial. 
The leaves and seeds have hypnotic, purgative, 
and emmenagogic properties and serve as a base 
for the French laxative called miel de mercuriale. 
mer-cu'ri-al-ism. Chronic mercurial poisoning; hy¬ 
drargyria; hydrargyrosis; hydrargyrism. 
mer-cu'ri-al-i-za'tion. The process of bringing the 
system under the influence of mercury; the state 
of being under the influence of mercury, 
mer-cu'ri ate. A compound in which mercury ex¬ 
ists as a bivalent radical. 

mer-cu'ric. Belonging to mercury: a term desig¬ 
nating a very large number of compounds which 
contain mercury as a bivalent radical. M. alanate 
(alanin) = MERCURY amidopropionate. M. ar¬ 
senate, a yellowish powder, 2HgHAs04-t-H20: 
used in syphilis. M. benzoate, a white crystalline 
powder, Hg(C6H502)2 + H20: used hypodermic¬ 
ally and as an injection in gonorrhoea. M. bini- 
odide — HYDRARGYRI lODiDUM RUBRUM*. M. bro¬ 
mide, a salt, HgBrg, in silvery, lustrous scales; 
mercury dibromide: used as an alterative and 
antisyphilitic. Dose, 0.004 to 0.015 Gm. (yV to 
4 gr.). M. carbolate = mercuric phenate. M. 
chlorate, a salt of mercury and chloric acid. 
M. chloride = hydrargyri chloridum corro- 



Mentovertico-occipital Cravat. 







MERCURIOL 


553 


MERCURY 


SIVUM*. M. chloride, corrosive = hydrargyri 
CHLORiDUM coRROsivuM*. M. chloride urea, a 
solution of corrosive sublimate to which urea has 
been added; used subcutaneously in syphilis. 
Dose, 0.00 2 to 0.004 Gm. ( to yb gr.). M. cyanide 
s= HYDRARGYRI CYANiDUM. M. formidamate = 
MERCURY FORMIDAMATE. M. imidosuccinatc = 
MERCURY succiNiMiDE. M. iodate, a white amor¬ 
phous salt, Hg(I03)2: used in syphilis. Subcu¬ 
taneous dose, 0.01 to 0.015 Gm. to y gr.). M. 
iodide or red m. iodide = hydrargyri iodidum 
RUBRUM*. M. naphtholate, a grayish^white anti¬ 
septic powder. Hg(C,(,H^0)2, containing about 
30% mercury; mercury betanaphthol:' used in 
wounds and typhoid fever. Dose, 0.06 Gm. 
(i gr.). M. nitrate, a white deliquescent powder, 
Hg(N03)2, prepared from mercuric oxide and 
warm nitric acid: used as an antiseptic, anti¬ 
syphilitic, and alterative. Dose, 0.004 to 0.015 
Om. (yy to igr.). Liquor hydrargyri nitra- 

TIS*; UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS*. M. 

oleate = OLEATUM hydrargyri*. M. oxide as¬ 
paragine = hydrargyrum ASPARAGINE. M. OX- 
ide, red = HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM RUBRUM*. M. 
oxide, yellow = HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM FLAVUM*. 
M. oxycyanide = mercury oxycyanide. M. 
peptonate, peptonized mercury chloride, con¬ 
taining 10% of the latter ; peptonized mercury. 
Dose, 0.03 to o.i Gm. to i^grs.). M. phenate, 
phenylate, or phenolate, a grayish^white powder, 
HgCCgH-O)^; mercuric carbolate: used as an 
antisyphilitic. Dose, 0.02 to 0.03 Gm. (y to y gr.). 
M. resorcinate = mercury resorcinolacetate. 
M. salicylate, secondary = mercury salicylate. 
M. subsulphate, yellow = hydrargyri subsul¬ 
phas FLAvus. M. sulphate, basic = hydrargyri 
SUBSULPHAS FLAVUS. M. sulphate, neutral or 
normal= mercury sulphate. M. sulphide,black 
= ^THiops MINERAL. M. sulphide, red = ciN- 
n.\bar. 

mer-cu'riol. = Mercuralgam. 
mer-cu'rius. The homoeopathic name for mer¬ 
cury. M. dul'cis, calomel. M. mor'tis (vi'tae), 
antimony oxide. M. vi'vus, metallic mercury. [L.] 
mer‘cu-ri-va-nil'lin. A proprietary antisyphilitic 
of vanillin and mercury (30%). 
mer‘cu-ro5i*o-do-hae'mol. A proprietary brown 
powder consisting of haemol, mercury (12.35%), 
and iodine (28.60%): used as an antisyphilitic. 
Dose, 0.12 to 0.3 Gm. (2 to 5 grs.). 
mer'cu-rol. A proprietary compound of mercury 
and nucleinic acid containing about 10% of metal¬ 
lic mercury; mercury nucleide: used as an anti- 
gonorrhoeic, bactericide, and antiseptic. Dose, 
0.2 Gm. (3 grs.) 3 times a day or applied in solu¬ 
tions varying from 0.5 to 10%. 
mer-cu-ro-sep'tol. = Hydrargyroseptol. 
mer'cu-rous. A term designating compounds con¬ 
taining mercury as a univalent radical. M. ace¬ 
tate, a white crystalline powder, Hg2 (0211302)3: 
used as an antisyphilitic. Dose, 0.006 to 0.06 
Gm. (jy to I gr.). M. arsenite, an unstable 
brownish powder, Hg3As03; mercury arsenite: 
used in syphilis and bowel disorders. M. boro- 
wolframate, a bright yellow powder; mercury 
borotungstate. M. bromide, a colorless, crystal¬ 
line salt, Hg2Br2; used as an antisyphilitic. Dose, 
0.06 Gm. (i gr.). M. chloride, mild = hydrar¬ 
gyri CHLORIDUM MITE*. M. disiodoparaphenol- 
sulphonate == MERCURY sozosiodol. M. iodide, 
yellow = HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM FLAVUM*. M. 

lactate= MERCURY lactate. M. nitrate, normal. 


colorless crystals, * Hg(N03)+H2O; used as an 
antiseptic, antisyphilitic, or caustic. Dose, 0.002 • 
to 0.015 Gm. (3^^ to ^ gr.). M. tannate = mer¬ 
cury TANNATE. 

mer'cu-ry. A shining, silver*white metal without 
odor or taste; quicksilver; hydrargyrum*: sp. 
gr., 13.5; at. wt., 198.5; symbol, Hg. It is 
liquid at ordinary temperatures but congeals 
at —39-38° C. ( —38.88° F.) and volatilizes at 
357.25° C. (675.05° F.). j^Amalgam; hydrargy¬ 
ri; SYPHILIS. M. albuminate, albumin with 4% of 
mercury chloride, a grayish*white powder: used 
as a dressing for wounds. M. amidopropionate, 
a white crystalline powder; mercuric alanate 
(alanin): used subcutaneously as an antisyphi¬ 
litic. Dose, 0.005 to 0-01 Gm. (y^ 2 to ^ gr.). 
Ammoniated m. = hydrargyrum ammoniatum*. 
M. arsenite = MERCUROUS arsenite. M. as- 
paraginate = hydrargyrum asparagine. M. 
betanaphthol = MERCURIC naphtholate. M. bi¬ 
chloride or M. bichloride, corrosive = hydrargyri 
CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM*. M. bichloride, pep¬ 
tonized = MERCURIC PEPTONATE. M. bicyanide 
= HYDRARGYRI CYANIDUM. M. biniodide = HY¬ 
DRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM*. M. borotungstate 
= MERCUROUS BOROWOLFRAMATE. M. CaCOdy- 
late, a salt of mercury in white crystals: used 
in syphilis. Dose, 0.03 Gm. (^ gr.). M. car¬ 
bolate = mercuric PHENATE. M. chloride, mild 

= HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE*. M. Chola- 
late=MERGAL. Colloidal m. = HYRGOL. M. cya¬ 
nide = HYDRARGYRI CYANIDUM. M. dibromide — 
MERCURIC BROMIDE. M. ethide, a colorless, in¬ 
flammable liquid Hg(C2H5)2. M. ethylchloride, 
a compound of mercuric chloride and mercury 
ethide, occurring in shiny crystalline scales: used 
as an injection in syphilis. M. ethylenediamine 
citrate = MERCURAMiN. M. ethylenediamine sul¬ 
phate = sublamine. M. formidamate, a solu¬ 
tion of formamide and mercuric oxide, varying 
in strength from i to 10%; used hypodermically 
in syphilis. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.) of 1% solu¬ 
tion. M. gallate, a grayish*brown amorphous 
powder, Hg(%H2[0H]3C02)2. containing 37% of 
mercury; used in syphilis and said to minimize 
salivation and stomatitis. Dose, 0.05 to o.i Gm. 
(f to grs.). Hahnemann’s soluble m. = mer¬ 
cury oxide, black. M. herb = mercurialis 
ANNUA. M. iodate = MERCURIC IODATE. M. io¬ 
dide, green = HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM FLAVUM*. 

M. iodide, red = hydrargyri iodidum rubrum*. 
M. iodocacodylate, a solution of mercury cacodyl- 
ate and sodium iodide: used as an antisyphilitie. 
Dose for intermuscular injection, i Cc. (15 mins.). 
M. iodotannate, an antisyphilitic consisting of a 
solution of tannic acid, heated with iodine, to 
which when cooled is added a solution of mer¬ 
curous acetate. M. lactate, a white, crystalline 
powder, Hg2(C3H503)2: used in syphilis. Subcu¬ 
taneous dose, I Cc. (15 mins.) of a 1% aqueous 
solution. M. nucleide = mercurol. M. oleate = 
OLEATUM HYDRARGYRI*. M. oxide, black, a black 
powder; Hahnemann’s soluble mercury: for¬ 
merly used in syphilis but now nearly obsolete. 
Dose, 0.015 to 0.2 Gm. (| to 3 grs.). M. oxide, 
precipitated = hydrargyri oxidum flavum*. 
M. oxide, red = hydrargyri oxidum rubrum*. 
M. oxide, yellow = hydrargyri oxidum fla¬ 
vum*. M. oxycyanide, a salt, HgO.HgCN2, some¬ 
times substituted in ophthalmic practice for cor¬ 
rosive sublimate; mercuric oxycyanide. M. 
paraphenolsulphonate or paraphenylthionate = 


MERDIVOMOUS 


554 


MERO- 


HYDRARGYROL. PcptOllized m. = MERCURIC PEP- 
TONATE. M. perchloride = HYDRARGYRI CHLORI- 
DUM CORROSIVUM*. M. pcrOXidc = HYDRARGYRI 
oxiDUM RUBRUM*. M. potassium hyposulphite, 
a compound in colorless crystals, containing 
31,4% of mercury: used subcutaneously in syph¬ 
ilis. M. potassium nitroparaphenolsulphonate = 
PHENEGOL, M. protochloride = hydrargyri 
CHLORIDUM MITE*. M. protosiodide = HYDRAR¬ 
GYRI lODIDUM FLAVUM*. M. prUSSiate = HYDRAR¬ 
GYRI CYANiDUM. M. pyroborate, an amorphous, 
brown powder, HgB^O^; used as a local applica¬ 
tion to ulcers, etc. . M. quinoseptolate = hy- 
DRARGYROSEPTOL. M. resorciuolacetate, a yellow, 
crystalline powder, containing 69% of mercury: 
used as an antisyphilitic. Hypodermic dose, 0.2 
Cc. (3 mins.) of a specially prepared solution. M. 
salicylarsenate = ENESOL. M. salicylate, a white, 
amorphous powder, CgH^.CO.O.Hg, containing 
about 59% of mercury; secondary mercuric sal¬ 
icylate: used externally and internally as an anti¬ 
syphilitic, antigonorrhoeic, etc. Dose, 0.02 Gm. 
(i gr.) internally; locally in 1% powder or oint¬ 
ment. M. silicofiuoride, colorless prismatic crys¬ 
tals: used like corrosive sublimate. M. sozosio- 
dol or sozo^iodolate, a compound of mercury and 
sozo*iodolic acid, containing 32% of mercury 
and 41% of iodine; mercurous disiodoparaphen- 
olsulphonate: used as an antisyphilitic and anti¬ 
septic. M. subchloride = hydrargyri chlo- 
RiDUM MITE*. M. submuriate = hydrargyri 
CHLORIDUM MITE*. M. succiiiimide, a white, silky 
powder, (C4H402N)2Hg; mercuric imidosuccin- 
ate: used as an antiseptic and antisyphilitic. 
Hypodermic dose, 0.012 to 0.02 Gm. (-^ to f gr.). 
M. sulphate, a white, crystalline powder, HgSO^: 
used principally in industrial chemistiy. M. tan- 
nate, a greenish*brown powder, cojitaining about 
50% mercury; mercurous tannate: used as an 
antisyphilitic. Dose, 0.06 to 0.12 Gm. (i to 2 
grs.). M. thymolacetate, thymolate, thymolni- 
trate, thymol^icylate, and thymolsulphate, vari¬ 
ous salts of mercury used principally as anti¬ 
syphilitics. M. tribromphenolacetate, a yellow 
powder, containing 30% of mercury: used as an 
antisyphilitic and antiseptic. Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 
mins.). M. with chalk = hydrargyrum cum 
CRETA*. [< L. Mercu'rius, the messenger of the 
gods: so named because of its mobility and 
volatility.] 

mer-div'o-mous. Affected with stercoraceous vom¬ 
iting. [< L. mer'da dung -|- vom'ere to vomit.] 
tmer-div'o-rous, eating dung. 

mere. A division of a cell zygote, giving rise to a 
blast. [< fiepoq part.] 

mer'gal. Mercury cholalate, Hg(C24H3905)2, with 
albumin tannate; a yellowish powder used as an 
antisyphilitic. Dose, 0.05 Gm. (| gr.). 

mer*i-at-chen'je. =Miryachit. 

mer'i-cism. =Merycism. 

me-rid'i an. A great circle of a sphere passing 
through its poles. M. of the cornea, the curve 
formed by the intersection of the surface of 
the cornea with any anteroposterior plane 
passing through its apex. M. of the eye, an 
imaginary line drawn around the globe of the 
eye, as through the poles of the vertical axis 
(vertical m.) or through the poles of the horizontal 
axis (horizontal m.). (See illustration, next 
column.) fme-rid'i-o-nal. 

mer-i-dro'sis. Perspiration occurring in a part. 
[< //cptf portion + sweat.] tni®r'i”drot'ic. 


mer^ism. = Metamerism. 

MerismopeMi a. A genus of Cocca'cece, character¬ 
ized by division in two directions, forming groups 
of four, which remain associated in a single plane. 
Some species of it are pathogenic, as M. ventric'uli 
or goodsir'i = Sarcina vbntriculi. is - Sarcina ; 
Tetracoccus. [< pipiG/ua division -t-Tred/ov plain.] 



A. The common American ^stem: zero for each eye is 
at the patient's left. B. The meridians are counted 
downward on each side of the vertical and distinguished 
as temporal (T) or nasal (N). C. D. A system resem¬ 
bling the American, but counting from the nasal side for 
each eye. 

mer'i-spore. Daughter^spore. [</ztpof part-f <T7ropd 
seed.] 

mer'it. One of the small bodies formed by the 
breaking up of a pronucleus in the process of 
impregnation; a spermatomeriten. i^Ovomer- 
ITEN. [< pep'iTTjg partaker.] 

me’riz-o-myr'i a. A variety of Schizomycetes. 

Merkel’s cell (mSr'celz). One of the flattened cells 
contained in a Merkel’s corpuscle. M.’s corpus¬ 
cles, ganglia, or touchscells, tactile corpuscles 
occurring in the rete mucosum of the epidermis, 
consisting of a capsule containing two or more 



Merkel’s Corpuscle. —c. Merkel’s cell. m. Tactile disc. 

flattened cells forming the termination of the 
nerve*fibrils: when occurring in birds, called 
Grandry's corpuscles. M.’s horizontal plane 
or line = Ihering’s line. M.’s muscle = cera- 
TOCRicoiD. M.’s plane, a craniometrical plane 
passing through the auricular points and the 
lower edges of the orbits. [< Karl Ludwig 
Alerkel, 1812-1876.] 

mer'lu-sine. An oily liquid found in cod*liver oil. 

mer'o-. Denoting a part: a combining form. [< 
pepog part.] mer'o-blast, an ovum or egg the 
yolk of which contains both formative (or 
germinal) and nutritive (or food) elements, 
fmer-o-blas'tic. — mer-o-cra'ni a, a monstrosity 
characterized by absence of part of the skull.— 
mer'o-cyte, 1^ malaria.— mer’o-di-as-tol'ic, relat¬ 
ing to part of a diastole.— mer-o-gen'e-sis, me- 










MERO- 


555 


MESENTERY 


rog'o-ny, the process of segmentation in the 
embryo or reproduction by segmentation.— me- 
rol'o-gy, general anatomy; the science of the 
parts of the body.—■ me-ro'pi a, partial obscura¬ 
tion of vision; amblyopia. —mer'o-rha-chis'chi- 
sis, partial spina bifida, c®* Cranioschisis.— 
me'ros, a part.— mer'o-sys-tol'ic, relating to part 
of a systole.— me-rot'o-my, division into seg¬ 
ments, as of a living cell for experimental study. 
— me-ro-zo'it, a hyaline segment of the malarial 
parasite, Malaria. 

me'ro-. Relating to the thigh. [ < (iripd^ thigh.]— 
me'ro-cele = femoral hernia.— meTO-cox-al'- 
gi a, pain in the thigh and hip. 
mer'ry-an'drew. Any itinerant quack or charlatan. 

[< Dr. Andrew Boorde, circa 1500-1549.] 
Meru'lius des'truens or lac'rimans. The fungus of 
the dry rot of wood, which when inhaled may 
become parasitic and cause chronic bronchitis 
and catarrh. 

iner'y-cism. i. Ruminating or chewing the cud in 
animals. 2. The voluntary or involuntary regur¬ 
gitation and subsequent chewing of food in the 
human subject; ruminatio humana: seen in 
neurasthenics, hysterics, epileptics, idiots, etc. 
[< fJ.rjpvKia/Li 6 g a chewing the cud.] 
iner*y-per-tro'phi a. Partial or local hypertrophy 
of a part. 

Mary’s glands (me-nz). =Cowper’s glands. 
mes-. A prefix denoting the middle or toward 
the centre, or in an intermediate condition, 
Meso-. [< fieaog middle.] 
mes-a-con'ic acid. A crystalline substance, CgHgO^, 
isomeric with citraconic acid, fmes-ac'o-nate. 
me'sad, me'si ad. Toward the centre or toward 
the mesial line. 

me'sal. = Mesial or median. 
mes'a-mere. —Somite. 

mes-a-moe'boid. A wandering cell given off from 
the EPiBLAST or hypoblast and entering into the 
formation of the mesoblast. 
mes-a-or-ti'tis. A form of aortic arteritis, most 
commonly seen in syphilitics: a prime factor in 
the production of aneurism, 
mes-a-rae'um. = Mesentery. +mes-a-ra'ic. 
mes-ar-te-ri'tis, -ar-te-ri-i'tis. An inflammation of 
the middle arterial coat. 

mes*a-ti-ceph'a-lus. A skull which is neither doli¬ 
chocephalic nor BRACHYCEPHALic, having a 
cephalic index between 75° and 80°. fmes'a-ti- 
ce-phal'ic. 

mes’a-ti-ker'kic. Intermediate between dolicho- 
KERKIC and BRACHYKERKIC. 
mes*a-ti-pel'vic. Having a pelvis whose index is 
between 90° and 95°. 

mes-au'che-nus. A skull having an angle of from 
26° to 38® between the radius fixus and a line 
from the inion to the basion. 
mes'cal, mez'cal. An intoxicating liquor from vari¬ 
ous species of Mexican cacti, as Aga've america'na, 
the century plant. [Mex.] M. buttons, the tips 
of Anhalo'nium lewin'i, a North American cac¬ 
tus, containing an alkaloid mes'ca-line (anhalo- 
nine), which acts somewhat like strychnine, caus¬ 
ing nerve stimulation and color*hallucinations 
with pleasant visions: used in angina pectoris 
and the dy.spnoea of asthma. Dose of fluid ex¬ 
tract, I to 3 drops. 

Mesembryan'themum. A genus of plants of the 
ovAev Ficoi'decB. Various species, asM. crystalli'- 
num, M. edu'le, etc., are used in medicine, as 
diuretics and narcotics. 


mes-en-ceph'a-lon*. The middle cerebral vesicle 
of the embryonic brain, from which are developed 
the corpora quadrigemina, cerebral crura, and 
ventricular aqueduct; midbrain. fnies'en-ce- 
phal'ic, as M. nucleus, the large nerve=cells of the 
trigeminal nerve found in the gray matter sur¬ 
rounding the aqueduct of Sylvius, 
mes-en'chy-ma. Minot’s term for the entire meso¬ 
derm of the embryo, except the immediate lining 
of the bodyscavity, which is the mesothelium ; 
mesenchyme. 

mes'en-chyme. i, =Mesenchyma, 2. According 
to Hertwig, a specialized portion of the meso¬ 
blast formed from the epiblast, the hypoblast, 
and certain parts of the mesoblast. fmes-en'- 
chy-mal; mes-en-chym'a-tous. 
mes-en-cra'nus. A term for a skull whose median 
sector is from 15° to 20°. 

mes'en-te-rem-phrax'is. Obstruction of the mes¬ 
entery, [< peaevrepwv mesentery -f- ep.(l>pa^(g 
stoppage.] 

mes-en-ter'ic. Mesentery. 
mes-en-terd-co-mes-o-col'ic. Relating to the mes¬ 
entery and mesocolon, as the M. fold, a fold of 
the peritoneum running on one side into the 
mesentery itself and on the other into the meso¬ 
colon of the sigmoid flexure. 
mes*en-te-ri'o-lum. = Mesosappendix, M. pro- 
ces'sus vermifor'mis* = mesosappendix. [L., 
dim. of mesente'rium mesentery.] 
mes*en-te-ri'tis, mes'en-te-ri-i'tis. Inflammation of 
the mesentery. [< L. mesente'rium mesentery.] 
mes-en-te'ri um*. The mesentery. M. commu'ne*, 
the common mesentery. [L.] 
mes-en'te-ro-blast. That portion of the mesoderm 
which develops into the wall of the alimentary 
canal. [< Mesenteron + (iT^aaroQ germ.] 
mes-en'te-ron. The primitive body^cavity of the 
embryo; the archenteron. It develops into the 
alimentary canal. [< Mes- -t- evrepov intestine.] 
mes‘en-te-roph'thi-sis, mes*en-te-ri-oph'thi-sis. = 
Tabes mesenterica. [<. peaevrepiov mesentery 
-f tpdiaiq wasting.] 

mes'en-ter-y, mes-en-te'ri um*. A fold of peritone¬ 
um attaching some part of the intestine to the pos¬ 
terior wall of the abdomen, especially the largest 
process of the peritoneum, to which the jejunum 
and the ileum are attached, the other folds being 
given special names, as mesocolon* and meso- 
RECTUM*. [< peaog middle + evrepov intestine.] 
tmes-en-ter'ic, mes-en-te'ri al, as M. arteries, 
branches of the abdominal aorta, an inferior, sup¬ 
plying the descending colon, sigmoid flexure, and 
upper part of the rectum, and a superior, sup¬ 
plying the small intestine and the ascending and 
transverse colon: M. ganglia, sympathetic ganglia 
situated along the branches of the mesenteric 
artery: M. hernia, hernia of a portion of the 
intestine through an opening in the mesentery: 
M. lymph== glands, the glands of the mesentery 
which are apt to enlarge in tuberculosis, typhoid 
fever, etc.: M. plate, the lateral mesoblastic 
plate. M. plexus, inferior, a sympathetic nerve* 
plexus surrounding the inferior mesenteric artery; 
plexus mesentericus inferior*: M. plexus, superior, 
a similar plexus around the superior mesenteric 
artery; plexus mesentericus superior*: M. veins, 
two veins, an inferior, a branch of the splenic or 
portal vein which follows the distribution of the 
artery of the same name, and a superior, a branch 
of the splenic vein accompanying the superior 
enteric artery. 


MESETHMOID 


556 


MESO- 


mes-eth'moid. The middle portion of the ethmoid 
bone; prefrontal or median ethmoid, 
mesh. A roll or twist of charpie used in packing a 
fistula, wound, or deep ulcer. [< F. tneche wick.] 
me'siad. =Mesad. 

me'si al, -si an. = Median. M. line, an imaginary 
line dividing the body perpendicularly into two 
symmetrical portions. M. root, ^ auditory 

NERVE, ROOTS OF. 

me-sid'ic acid. = Uvitic acid. 
mes-i-o-buc'cal (-lin'gual). Terms denoting rela¬ 
tion to surfaces between the mesial and buccal 
(lingual) aspects of the teeth, 
me'si on, -si um. = M eson . 

mes-i'ris. The middle connective*tissue layer of 
the iris; Kolliker’s fibrous layer, 
mes'ite. An oxygenated oil formed by distilling 
lignone with sulphuric acid, 
mes-it'y-lene. A colorless, oily liquid, CgHjg, found 
in coahtar, and obtained by treating acetone 
with sulphuric acid: when boiled with dilute 
nitric acid a colorless, crystalline substance, 
C9H1QO2, mes*i-ty-len'ic acid, is formed, 
mes'mer-ism. = Hypnotism. [< F. A. Mesmer, 
1733-1815.] tnies-mer'ic. mes'mer-ist. mes- 
mer-i-za'tion. mes'mer-ize. mes'mer-i-zer. mes’- 
mer-o-ma'ni a. mes‘mer-o-phre-nol'o-gy. 
mes'o-, mes-. Denoting the middle; situated be¬ 
tween: a combining form. [< jueaog middle.] 
mes'osap-pen'dix, the slip or fold of peritoneum 
(mesentery) fastening the vermiform appendix 
to the ileum; mesenteriolum processus vermifor- 
mis*\ mesenteriolum.— mes-o-a'ri um = meso- 
VARiuM. — mes‘o-ar-te-ri'tis = mesarteritis. — 
mes'O-bac-te'ri a, bacteria of middle size. — mes'- 
o-blast. I. The middle germinal layer of the 
blastoderm, giving rise to the vascular, muscular, 
and osseous systems and the endothelium lining 
the serous cavities; mesoderm. 2. Any one of the 
large spheres from whose segmentation the mes¬ 
oderm is produced. Allantoidean m., that part of 
the mesoblast which develops into the allan¬ 
tois. Parietal or somatic m. = somatopleure. 
Splanchnic or visceral m. = splanchnopleure. 
fmes-o-blas'tic, as M. nucleus, a celhnucleus be¬ 
longing to the mesoblast. — mes’o-brach-y-ce- 
phal'ic = MESocEPHALic. tnies*o-brach-y-ceph'- 
a-lism. — mes-o-breg'mus, a skull having the 
angle between the radius fixus and a line 
from the hormion to the bregma between 68° 
and 82°. tmes-o-breg'mate. — mes*o-bron-chi'- 
tis, inflammation of the middle coat of a bron¬ 
chial tube. — mes-o-cae'cum, a duplicature or fold 
of the peritoneum to which the caecum is attached. 

— mes-o-car'di a, that condition in which the 
heart lies in a central position: a normal position 
in very early stages of development.— mes-o-car'- 
dium, the provisional fold connecting the em¬ 
bryonic heart with the body wall: composed of an 
anterior and a lateral portion.— mes*o-ce-phal'ic. 
I . Having a head neither very long nor very short, 
whose skulbcapacity is between 1350 and 1450 Cc. 
(45^ and 49 fl. ozs.), as those of the American In¬ 
dians, Chinese, and some Africans; mesobrachy- 
cephalic. 2. Relating to the mesencephalon, as 
M. hemiancBsthesia, ^ hemian^esthesia. — mes- 
o-ceph'a-lon = mesencephalon*, tmcs'o-ceph- 
a-li'tis.— mes-o-cer'e-brum = mesencephalon*. 

— mes-o-chon'dri um, the matrix of hyaline car¬ 
tilage. tmes-o-chon'dri ac. — mes*o-cho-ri-oi'de a, 
the vascular layer of the choroid coat of the eye; 
tunica vasculosa. — mes-o-coc'cus, a coccus in¬ 


termediate in size between a micrococcus and a 
macrococcus.— mes'o-ccele, mes-o-cce'li a, the 
AQUEDUCT OF Sylvius: Considered as the proper 
ventricle of the midbrain.— mes-o-coe'lom, that 
portion of the ccelom which forms the primitive 
renal cavity.— mes-o-co'lon*, one of the perito¬ 
neal folds which attach the colon to the abdom¬ 
inal wall. According to the portion of the colon 
attached it is known as M. transver'sum*, M. 
ascen'dens*, M. descen'dens*, or M. sigmoi'deum*. 
tmes-o-col'ic, as M. glands or lymph^glands, the 
lymphatic glands in the mesentery of the colon; 
lymphoglandulae mesocolicae*: and M. hernia, 
hernia in a pouch of the mesocolon, mes-o-co'lo- 
pex-y. — mes'o-conch, -con'chous, having an or¬ 
bital index of 80° to 85°.— mes-o-con'dy-lus, the 
middle phalangeal bone of the fingers.— mes'o- 
cord, an umbilical cord which is attached to the 
placenta by a fold of the amnion instead of be¬ 
ing inserted directly.— mes-o-cor'nea, the middle 
and thickest of the five layers of the cornea.— 
mes-o-cra'ni al fossae, cranial foss^. — mes- 
o-cu'ne-i-form, the second cuneiform bone.— 
mes'o-cyst, an occasional fold of peritoneum 
connecting the gallbladder with the liver.— mes'- 
o-derm, -der'mum. i. = Mesoblast, def. i. 2. 
= Rete mucosum. fmes-o-der'mal,-der'mic.— 
mes‘o-di-a-stol'ic, occurring in the middle of the 
diastolic period. — me-sod'me = mediastinum*. 
tmes-od-mi'tis. — mes'o-dont, having medium* 
sized teeth: that is, a dental index between 42° 
and 44°, as in Mongolians.— mes*o-du-o-de'num, 
an occasional mesentery of the duodenum.— 
mes‘o=ep-i-did'y-mis, the fold of the tunica vag¬ 
inalis uniting the epididymis to the scrotum. — 
mes‘Osex-o-gna'thic, as M. fissure, an occasional 
fissure in the maxilla between the exogn.a.- 
THioN and the mesognathion. — mes-o-gas'ter. 
I. That part of the embryonic gut from 
which are developed the jejunum and ileum; 
the midgut. 2. = Mesogastrium*. fnies-o- 
gas'tric, as M. region, the region of the ab¬ 
domen including the right and left lumbar re¬ 
gions.— mes-o-gas'tri um*. i. The umbilical re¬ 
gion, or middle part of the abdomen. 2. The 
primary fold of the embryonic peritoneum which 
unites the stomach and duodenum to the pos¬ 
terior body*wall.— mes-o-glos'sal, relating to the 
middle of the tongue.— mes*o-glu-tae'us, the glu- 
taeusmedius muscle. —mes-o-gna'thic, me-sog'na- 
thous. I . Having a jaw neither prognathous nor 
orthognathous; ha ving a gnathic index of 98° to 
103°, as in the Chinese, Japanese, Eskimo, and 
Polynesian races, fme-sog'na-thism. 2. Relat¬ 
ing to the mesognathion.— mes-o-gna'thi on, the 
outer portion of the premaxillary bone or seg¬ 
ment.— Mesogon'imus heterophy'es, a fluke caus¬ 
ing intestinal distomiasis: found in Egypt and 
Japan. [1 O. ’06.] — mes-o-he'par, a fold of the 
peritoneum joining the liver to the abdominal 
wall.— mes*o-je-ju'num, the mesentery of the 
jejunum. —mes-o-lo'bus = corpus callosum*. — 
me-sol'o-gy, the science of the relations of living 
beings to the media in which they exist.— 
mes'o-me-gac'ra-nous, a skull having a capacity 
in males of 1810 to 1950 Cc. (61 to 66 fl. ozs.), 
and in females of 1610 to 1730 Cc. (54^ to 56^ fl. 
ozs.).— mes-o-men'tal, relating to the middle oi 
the omentum.— mes'o-mere = protovertebra. 
— mes-o-me'tri um*. i. The vascular connective 
tissue surrounding the body of the uterus. 2. 
The lower part of the broad ligaments, ts- Mes- 


MESO- 


557 


META- 


OVARIUM. tmes'o-me-tri'tis. i. Inflammation 
of the mesometrium. 2. = Myometritis.— mes- 
om-pha'li on = umbilicus.— mes'on, the median 
vertical plane which divides the body through 
the spinal column ; mesion ; mesium.— mes-o-na'- 
sal, relating to the middle portion of the nasal 
region.— mes-o-neph'ron, -neph'ros, the wolf- 
FiAN BODY', fmes-o-neph'ric, as M. duct = wolf- 
FiAN DUCT.— mes'O-neu-ri'tis, inflammation of the 
structures between a nerve and its sheath: some¬ 
times producing, nodular thickenings.— mes'o= 
o-men'tum, the fold attaching the omentum to 
the abdominal wall.— mes-o-pal'a-tine, as M. 
suture, the suture between the two lateral halves 
of the palatal process of the maxilla.— mes'o- 
pan-en-ceph'a-lus, a skull in which the angle be¬ 
tween the lines from the punctum k'lm vomeris 
to the NASioN and basion is between 163° and 
165.5°.— mes'o-pex-y, fixation of a mesentery.— 
mes-o-phil'ic, liking medium temperatures, as 
M. bacteria, c®- bacterium, Psychrophilic; 
thermophilic.— mes'O-phle-bi'tis, inflammation 
of the middle tunic of a vein, Phlebitis; 
MESARTERiTis. —me-soph'ry-on = glabella. — 
me-sop'ic, having a nasomalar index of from 
107,5° to 110° — mes'o-plast, the protoplasm 
of a celbnucleus.—^ mes-o-pleu'ri um = inter¬ 
costal SPACE. — mes-o-pneu'mon, a duplicature 
of the pleura attached to the lung.— mes’o-po- 
di-a'le, any bone of the third segment of a 
limb, as one of the wrist or ankle.— mes'o-pro- 
sop'ic, of an average facial index.— mes'o-psy-che 
= MESENCEPHALON*. — mc-sor'chi um*, -chi on, 
the fold of the peritoneum containing the fetal 
testicle before its descent, Mesovarium*.— 
mes-o-rec'tum*, a process of the peritoneum to 
which the rectum is attached.— mes-o-ret'i-na, 
the middle neuro=epithelial layer of the retina, 
which is itself made up of two layers, i. e., the rod= 
andscone layer and the outer nuclear layer; mo¬ 
saic layer of Henle; layer of visual cells.— mes*- 
o-rha-chis'chi-sis, partial Assure of the spinal 
cord.— mes'or-rhine, having a moderately large 
nasal index, i.e. from 70° to 85°; found in the 
yellow and red races.— mes-o-rop'ter, the normal 
position of the eyes when their muscles are at rest. 
— mes-o-sal'pinx*, the upper narrow triangular 
peritoneal fold of the broad ligament between the 
fallopian tube and the attached ovary.— mes-o- 
sce'lo-cele, hernia of the perineum.— mes*o-sce- 
lo-phy'ma, perineal abscess.— mes-o-sce'lum, 
-scelus = PERINEUM. — mes'o-seme, having a 
moderate orbital index, i. e. from 84° to 89°, — 
mes-o-sig'moid, the mesentery of the sigmoid 
flexure of the colon, fnies'o-sig-moi-di'tis. — 
mes-o-staph'y-line, having a palatal index of 80° 
to 85°.— mes'o-state, any anastate or cata- 
STATE ; any stage through which a metabolic sub¬ 
stance passes in development or- degeneration in 
the process of assimilation or disassimilation be¬ 
fore or after being active protoplasm of the high¬ 
est functional grade.— mes-o-ster'num = gladi¬ 
olus, def. I. tmes-o-ster'nal. — mes‘o-sys-tol'ic, 
denoting the middle point of the heart’s systolic 
contraction.— mes*o-tar-tar'ic acid, one of the 
modifications of tartaric acid; inactive tar¬ 
taric acid. — mes-o-ten'don, the fold which 
unites the sheath of a tendon with the ten¬ 
don itself.— mes'o-the-li-o'ma, an epithelioma de¬ 
rived from the mesoblast.— mes-o-the'li um, the 
specialized mesoderm lining the primitive body* 
cavity of the embryo, which afterward becomes 


the endothelium of serous sacs; the coelarium. 
tmes-o-the'li al. — mes-o-the'nar, a muscle of 
the palm of the hand; the deep portion of the 
FLEXOR BREVIS POLLicis MANUS, together with the 
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS MANUS.— mes-o-thcr'mal, of 
moderate temperature, ranging from 30° C. (86° 
F.) t0 33°C. (91.4° F.): applied to natural mineral 
waters.— mes-ot'ic, relating to the median or par¬ 
enchymatous tissue.— mes-o-toe-chi'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of the mediastinum.— mes-o-tur'bi-nal, 
the middle turbinated bone. — mes-o-va'ri um*, 
the ovarian mesentery; the fold of the peritoneum 
holding the anterior border of the ovary in place 
on the posterior surface of the broad ligament, 
ts* Mesosalpinx*; mesorchium*. fnies-o-va'- 
ri an.— mes-o-ven'tral, both mesial and ventral. 
— mes'o-ven-tric'u-lum = omentum minus*.— 
mes-ox-al'ic acid, a bibasic acid, C3H2O5 + H2O, 
formed on heating a concentrated solution of 
ALLOXAN to the boiling-point.— mes-ox-aky-u- 
re'a = alloxan. 

mes'o-tan. A methyl derivative of salicylic acid 
analogous to wintergreen oil; ericin: used ex¬ 
ternally in gout and rheumatism. Dose for ap¬ 
plication, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.) mixed with equal parts 
of olive or any other bland oil. 

mes'pi-lus. The rosaceous plant medlar: used as 
an astringent and in nephritis. 

mes'quite or mez-quit' tree. A small, thorny, legu¬ 
minous tree, Proso'pis julifio'ra or glandulo'sa: 
native in Texas, Mexico, etc. It yields M. gum, 
which resembles gum arabic. 

Mes'ua. A genus of medicinal tropical shrubs, es¬ 
pecially M. fer'rea, which is used as an anti¬ 
rheumatic, tonic, astringent, expectorant, etc. 

mes-u-ran'ic. Having a skull with a palatomaxil¬ 
lary index between 110° and 115°. 

met'a-. A combining form signifying “ with,” 
“among,” “between,” “after” ; sometimes “over,” 
“ beyond.” When joined with other words it 
often denotes change, and is nearly equivalent to 
the Latin trans-. Benzene*ring; ortho-; 
PARA-. Meta- enters into an increasingly large 
number of complex chemical terms, as wc/a* 
amidophenylparamethoxyquinolin, a new antipy¬ 
retic drug, and meta^iodo^orthoxyquinolinanasul- 
phonic acid = loretin, of which class we have 
space here for only those best known, other meta^ 
words being arranged in their regular vocabulary 
place. [ < /LLerd.] met-a-bo'ric acid, an acid, HBOg. 
obtained by heating boric acid to 38° C. (100° 
F.).— Nmet-a-ca'se in, an intermediate conver- 
sion*product obtained in the transformation of 
CASEiNOGEN into CASEIN by the action of pan¬ 
creatic JUICE. — met-a-cel'lu-lose = fungin. — 
met-a-cet-am'ide = TRiMETHYLAMiNE. — met-ac'e- 
tone, a colorless liquid, isomeric with acetone, 
formed by distilling sugar with lime, fmet-ac-e- 
ton'ic acid = PROPIONIC acid. — met-a-chlo'ral, a 
white, tasteless, amorphous substance, C2CI3HO, 
formed when chloral is allowed to stand with sul¬ 
phuric acid: used like hydrated chloral.— met'- 
a-co-pai'vic acid, an acid from copaiba.— met-a- 
cre'sa-lol, ^ cresalol. — met-a-cre'sol, cre- 

soL*.— met-a-croTe in, an aromatic, crystalline 
substance, CgH^O, obtained by the action of po¬ 
tassium hydroxide on acrolein hydrochloride.— 
met-asel'e-ments, a hypothetic group of elemental 
substances intermediate between protyl and 
the elements now known to us.— met-a-gal'- 
lic acid = MELANOGALLic ACID. — met-a-gel'a-tin, 
a substance obtained by the action of oxalic 


METABASIS 


558 


METAFACIAL ANGLE 


acid on gelatin.— met-a-glob'u-lin, fibrinogen, 
an insoluble proteid constituent of the blood. 

— met-a-glyc'er-in, an oily compound, CgHj204, 
formed by heating a solution of glycerin in 
water to ioo° C. (212° F.).— met-a-gum'mic 
acid = METARABic ACID. —met*asis-o-cy-mo-phe'- 
nol = CARVACROL. — met-a-ka'Un, a proprietary 
preparation of metacresol and soap in form of a 
white powder; used as an antiseptic and disin¬ 
fectant.— met-a-kre'sol, cresol. — met-al-bu'- 
min, a proteid substance found in ovarian and 
other cysts, dropsical fluid, and the urine: held 
to be identical with paralbumin and pseudo¬ 
mucin. — met-al'de-hyde, a white, crystalline com¬ 
pound, polymeric with aldehyde. — met-a-meth- 
yl-phe'nol, metacresol. Cresol. — met-a-mor'- 
phine, a sudorific and narcotic alkaloid obtained 
as a decompositionsproduct of morphine.— met- 
am'y-lene, a hydrocarbon, C20H4Q, formed by heat¬ 
ing amylic alcohol with phosphoric or sulphuric 
acid.— met-a-naph'tha-lene, an isomer of naph¬ 
thalene formed by the destructive distillation 
of resin.— met'a-nil yellow, a histological stain; 
used in double staining, especially of connective 
tissue.— met-an-ti-mon'ic acid, a white substance, 
HSbOg, obtained by decomposing pyro^antimonic 
acid by a heat of 93° C. (200° F.).— met-a-pec'tic 
acid, an acid found along with parapectin in over* 
ripe fruit.— met-a-pep'tone, a digestion^product 
nearly allied to peptone and said to be interme¬ 
diate between dyspeptone and parapeptone. 

— met-a-phe‘nyl-ene-di-am'ine, phenylenedi- 
AMiNE. — met-a-phos'phate, a salt of met’a-phos- 
phor'ic acid. i^Acidum metaphosphoricum di- 
LUTUM. — met-a-pro'te in, a product of protein hy¬ 
drolysis. The term is suggested in place of albu¬ 
minate (acidsalbumin, alkalisalbumin), which is 
objectionable because the termination -ate im¬ 
plies a salt and because these products are obtain¬ 
able from both albumins and globulins. 
Halliburton.'] — met-ar'a-bic acid, a substance ob¬ 
tained by heating gum arabic to 100° C. (212° F.); 
metagummic acid, ts- Cerasin. — met-ar'a-bin, 
is-CERASiN.— met-ar'te-rin = meth^moglobin. 

— met-a-sac'cha-rin, a crystalline substance, 
CgHig05, isomeric with saccharin.— met"a-si-lic'ic 
acid, a gelatinous substance, H2Si03, obtained 
by treating a solution of sodium silicate with an 
acid.— met'a-sol, a proprietary disinfectant prep¬ 
aration. — met-a-stan'nic acid, a white, crystal¬ 
line substance, HjgSngOig, obtained by oxidizing 
tin with nitric acid.— met-a-stan'nate, a salt of 
this acid.— met-a-sty'rol, a colorless, transparent 
solid, CgHg, formed by heating styrol. — met’a- 
tar-tar'ic acid, an uncrystallizable modified form 
of tartaric acid, produced by fusing the ordinary 
variety, fniet-a-tar'trate, a salt of this acid.— 
met-a-van'a-date, sodium metavanadate. — 
met-a-xy'lene, the chief constituent of commer¬ 
cial XYLOL. 

me-tab'a-sis. A change of disease or of treatment. 

me-tab'o-la, me-tab'o-le. i. = Metabolism. 2. 
= Metabasis. 

me-tab'o-lism. The process by which living cells or 
organisms are capable of incorporating substances 
obtained from food into an integral part of their 
own bodies; the changes that proteids and other 
constituent substances undergo in the body. It 
is constructive {anabolic) when the substance be¬ 
comes more complex and destructive or retrograde 
{catabolic) when it becomes simpler by the change. 
r»-ANABOLiSM; Catabolism. [< change.] 



fmet-a-bol'ic, as M. /orc^ = metabolism, me- 
tab'o-lin or me-tab'o-lite, a substance resulting 
from metabolism, me-tab'o-lase, any ferment 
producing metabolic changes such as oxidation, 
met-a-car'pus*. The group of five cylindrical 
bones situated between the carpus and the 
phalanges. [<//era after -fA'a/OTTOf wrist.] 
a-car'pal, as M. 
bones. met*a-car- 
pa'le, a metacarpal 
bone. 

met-a-car'po-. Relat¬ 
ing to the metacar¬ 
pus: a combining 
form. [< Metacar¬ 
pus.] met-a-car*po- 
pha-lan'ge al, as M. 
amputation, an am¬ 
putation performed 
at one or more of 
the metacarpopha¬ 
langeal joints: M. 
joints, the articula¬ 
tions between the 
metacarpus and the 
phalanges; articula- 
tiones metacarpo- 
phalangeae*: and 

M. ligaments, two 
lateral and an ante¬ 
rior or palmar, which 
cover the joint ex¬ 
cept upon its dorsal aspect.— met-a-car'po-pha- 
lan'geus polTicis = adductor pollicis manus. 
met'a-cho-re'sis. A displacement; a metastasis, 
met’a-chro-ma'si a, met-a-chro'ma-tism. The color 
change produced in cells by staining. [< //era 
beyond -f color.] fmet-a-chro'ma-sin, a 

byscolor due to impurities in a stain, met-a-chro- 
mat'ic, as M. bodies, granulations which stain 
differently from the celhbody. 
me-tach'y-sis. The process of transfusion. [< 
//era beyond -f fusion.] 

met*a-ci-ne'sis,-ci-ne'ma. i. = Metastasis. 2. A 
stage in karyokinesis in which the daughter 
stars begin to form and separate from one 
another; barrel stage; metakinesis. [ < fitraKivelv 
to go from one place to another.] 
met'a-cism, met-a-cis'mus. The too frequent use 
of the m sound in speaking, 
met'a-coele, met-a-coe'li a. The fourth ventricle of 
the brain or its aftermost portion. 
met-a-coeTom. That part of the ccelom which 
develops into the pleuroperitoneal cavity, 
met-a-con'dyle. The distal phalanx of a finger. 
met*a-cy-€'sis. Extra*uterine pregnancy. [< 
fierd after, beyond -f KVTjaiQ pregnancy.] 
met’a-der-ma-to'sis. Morbid development of cu¬ 
taneous matter. 

met*a-di-a-stol'ic murmur. = Postsdiastolic mur- 


Incision for Metacarpopha 
langeal Amputation. 


MUR. 

met‘a-diph-ther'ic scarlatinoid. The syndrome of 
the erythema which sometimes occurs in a patient 
convalescing from diphtheria. 

met'a-dis-coi'dal placenta. A discoidal placenta of 
the more highly developed type, as that of man 
and the anthropoid apes. 

met-a-dra'sis. Over=exertion. [< fierd beyond -f 
dpdaiq strength.] 

met-a-fa'cial angle. The angle which the pterygoid 
process forms with the plane of the base of the 
skull; Serres’s angle. 



METAGASTER 


559 


METARRHCEA 


met-a-gas'ter. The secondary or permanent form 
of the alimentary canal, which succeeds the 
primitive intestinal tract or protogaster. 
met-a-gas'tni-la. A gastrula in which the process 
of segmentation differs from that of the regular 
primitive type: seen in simple animals like the 
Amphioxus. 

roet-a-gen'e-sis. Alternation of generation, fmet- 
a-ge-net'ic; met-a-gen'ic. 
met-a-grip'p^. Following influenza, 
met-asic-ter'ic. Following jaundice, 
met-a-ki-ne'sis. = Metacinesis. 
met'al. Any one of a class of elements distinguished 
by a peculiar lustre, ductility, and malleability, 
and by being good conductors of heat and elec¬ 
tricity. Metals form alloys with other metals. 
Light metals, as opposed to the ordinary heavy 
metals, are those which usually occur only in 
combination, as calcium, barium, etc. Bab¬ 
bitt M.; D’Arcet’s m.; Dutch m.; fusible m.; 
GUN«M.; German silver. [< L. metal'lum, fr. 
fikraXkov.'] fme-tal'lic, as M. echo, a peculiar 
ringing sound accompanying the normal heart* 
sounds in pneumopericardium and pneumotho¬ 
rax: M. phosphorus, phosphorus: M. pills 
= PILULE metallorum: M. rdle, a bubbling rale 
with a peculiarly clear and resonant metallic 
sound, heard in inspiration and expiration, and 
denoting the presence of liquid in the bronchial 
tubes and that the latter are surrounded by con¬ 
solidated tissue; consonating rale: M. resonance 
or tinkling, a ringing or tinkling sound, as of a 
metallic object, sometimes heard in connection 
with the sounds of respiration: M. thermometer, 
thermometer: M. tinkling, a metallic sound 
heard in connection with vocal and respiratory 
sounds, symptomatic of pneumothorax: M. 
tractor, perkinism: and M. voice, a metallic 
sound heard on auscultation in the chest when 
the patient speaks and symptomatic of pneumo¬ 
thorax. fmet-al-lif'e-rous. me-tal'li-form. 
met'al-laes-the'si a. A form of sensitivity recogniz¬ 
ing different metals by their contact: claimed to 
exist in certain hysterical and hypnotic subjects, 
met'al-lo-. Pertaining or relating to metal: a 
combining form. [< Metal.] me-tal'lo-chrome, 
the tinting produced on metals by the deposition 
of films of lead oxide in varying thicknesses. M. 
powder, a powder containing white lead: used in 
pottery and often causing lead*poisoning.— mef- 
al-lo-dyn'i a, pain or illness induced by working 
among metals, as lead colic. — met'^-loid. i. 
A non*metallic element. 2. Resembling a metal. 
— met-al-loph'a-gy, insanity characterized by 
desire to swallow pieces of metal.— met-al-los'- 
co-py, a method of diagnosis, described by Burg, 
by means of the application of various metals to 
the surface of the body, Perkinism. — met*- 
al-lo-ther'a-py, the treatment of diseases by the 
application of a metal suitable to the individual 
case to the surface of the body or limbs, Per- 
KiNiSM.— met*al-lo-tox-ae'mi a, toxaemia caused 
by metallic poisons, 
met'a-mere. —Somite. 

me-tam'e-rism. A form of isomerism in which the 
elements of the two isomeres are the same, but 
arranged differently. [< fieTo, following 4- fiepog 
part.] tmet-a-mer'ic. me-tam'e-ride, a body 
exhibiting metameric phenomena. 
niet*a-mor-phop'si a. A visual defect in which the 
natural forms of objects appear distorted, or 
imaginary objects are presented to the eye. It 


occurs in detachment of the retina and staphylo¬ 
ma of the cornea or the sclera. When the image 
appears to vary in size it is called M. va'rians. 
met-a-mor'pho-sis. Chemical or morphological 
change of form or structure of cells and tissues, 
whether normal or pathological. It is either Pro¬ 
gressive (anabolism) or Retrogressive (catabo¬ 
lism) . When applied to the massing of the blood* 
plaques in thrombosis, it is termed Viscous. 
[< perd denoting change -f- pop(j>v form, De¬ 
generation; infiltration; metaplasia; muta¬ 
tion.] tmet-a-mor-pho'sing, as M. respiration, 
a variety of bronchocavernous respiration in 
which the beginning of the inspiratory sound has 
a bronchial quality and the end of it a cavernous, 
met-a-my'e-lo-cyte. &• Myelocyte. 
met-a-neph'ros,-neph'ron. i. The aftermost of the 
three segments of the primitive renal body of 
the embryo. 2. The permanent kidney. [< 
perd after -I- vecjypoc kidney.] fniet-a-neph'ric, as 
M. = URETER. 

met-a-nu'cle us. The egg*nucleus after it has been 
extruded from the germinal vesicle, 
met'a-phase. The nuclear spindle*stage of karyo- 
KINESIS. 

met'a-phlo-go'sis. Excessive inflammation. [< 
//era beyond + (pkoyuacg inflammation.] 
me-taph're-non. The space between the shoulders. 

[< perd behind -|- <j)pf/v diaphragm.] 
met-a-phys'ics. The science which treats of the 
nature and laws of the mind; philosophy; psy¬ 
chology. [ < perd after -I- (pvaixd science of phys¬ 
ics.] tmet-a-phys'i-cal, as M. mania, doubting 
insanity: and M. medicine, a system of medicine 
based on mind*cure. 
me-taph'y-sis. = Metamorphosis. 
met-a-pla'si a. Transformation of one kind of adult 
tissue into another closely related tissue, without 
any appreciable cellular proliferation, as con¬ 
nective tissue into cartilage. ^Metamorphosis. 
[< perd after 4- 7 r?idaaeiv to mould.] fmet-a- 
plas'tic, as M. bone, bone formed from the 
periosteum. 

me-tap'la-sis. The stage of life which follows 
ANAPLASis, or growth and juvenescence, and pre¬ 
cedes CATAPLASis, or decline. [< perd after -I- 
TT/laa/f moulding.] 

met'a-plasm. A stable variety of protoplasm found 
in the walls and granular matter of cells, 
met'a-plex, met-a-plex'us. The choroid plexus of 
the fourth ventricle. 

met'a-pneu-mon'ic. Following pneumonia, 
Parapneumonic. M. pleurisy, pleurisy following 
the crisis in pneumonia. 

met’a-po-di-a'le. One of the metacarpal or meta¬ 
tarsal bones. [L.] 

met-a-poph'y-sis. The elliptical tubercle which 
projects from the back part of the pre*articular 
process of the first and second lumbar vertebrae; 
mammillary process; processus mamillaris*. 
met'a-pore. =Magendie’s foramen. 
met-a-psy'che. =Metencephalon*. 
me-tap-sy-cho'sis. The alleged direct action of one 
mind on another by some occult means of com¬ 
munication. [< peTa-tfwx(^<^i'^ transfer of souls.] 
met-ap-to'sis. Change of the seat or of the nature 
of an illness. [< fierd away 4-Trrwcr/f falling.] 
met*a-py-ret'ic. Performed after the subsidence of 
inflammatory fever. The term was much used 
before the days of antiseptic surgery. M. am¬ 
putation, a secondary amputation. 
met-ar-rhcB'a, me-tar'rhy-sis. = Metastasis. 


METASCHEMATISM 


560 


METHENYL 




met-a-sche'ma-tism, met-a-sche-mat'i-sis. The al¬ 
teration of one substance or of one disease into 
another. [< to change form.] 

met-a-so'ma-tome. One of the interspaces of prim¬ 
itive vertebrae. 

met-a-spon'dy-lum. An intervertebral disk, 
me-tas'ta-sis, pi. -ses. A transference, carrying, or 
shifting of a fluid, or of a pathological process by 
one of the channels of the body, as by the blood* 
vessels or lymph*channels, from one part of the 
body to another, and its subsequent growth at 
the new point of infection. The term is espe¬ 
cially applied to secondary tumors, as the trans¬ 
fer of a melanotic sarcoma of the eye to the 
liver, ts- Malignancy. Retrograde m., metas¬ 
tasis occurring in the opposite direction to that 
of the blood* or lymph*stream. [< fieOiaravat to 
transpose.] fmet'a-state, a metabolic substance 
formed during metabolism; a metabolite. ^ 
Mesostate. tmet-a-stat'ic, as M. abscess, a sec¬ 
ondary abscess, or one caused by infective 
matter brought from a distance, as is com¬ 
mon in pyaemia and ulcerative endocarditis: M. 
calcification, infiltration of calcareous matter from 
excess of lime salts in the blood, as from disin¬ 
tegration of bone: M. choroiditis, choroiditis 
due to metastasis in meningitis, pyaemia, etc.: 
M. inflammation, inflammation due to septic ma¬ 
terial carried from a distance through the blood 
or lymph: M. labor, labor in which muscular con¬ 
tractions occur in parts other than the uterus: 
M. mania, a form of mania which seems to be 
due to sudden suppression of some discharge from 
the body, as an exanthema, etc.: M. meningitis, 
metastatic inflammation of the meninges; M. 
mumps, MUMPS : _M. ophthalmia, choroiditis due 
to metastatic infection: M. peritonitis, ^peri¬ 
tonitis: and M. pneumonia, pneumonia. 
met-a-ster'num. The third or lower part of the 
sternum; the ensiform or xiphoid cartilage, 
met-a-syn'cri-sis. i. The discharge of peccant 
humors or morbific matter by the pores. 2. The 
production of a crisis: applied to methods of treat¬ 
ment producing a favorable alteration of condi¬ 
tion in an organ. [ < jicTd beyond -t- avyupiveLV to 

separate.] tniet‘a-syn-crit'ic. 
met*a-syph-i-lit'ic. Following syphilis; parasyphi- 
litic; postsyphilitic: applied to such conditions as 

LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA and GENERAL PARALYSIS. 

met'a-tar-sal'gi a. Pain seated in the metatarsus. 

M. ante'rior = Morton’s foot. 
met-a-tar'so-. Relating to the metatarsus: a com¬ 
bining form. [< Metatarsus.] met-a-tarso- 
mal-le'o-lar cravat, ^ cravat. — met-a-tar*so- 
pha-lan'ge al, as M. joints, the articulations be¬ 
tween the metatarsus and the phalanges; articu- 
lationes metatarsophalangeae*: and M. ligaments, 
two lateral and an inferior, which cover the joint 
except upon its dorsal aspect, 
met-a-tar'sus*. The group of five cylindrical bones 
of the foot between the tarsus and the phalanges. 
[< perd after-I-rapudf tarsus.] fmet-a-tar'sal, as 
M. bones, five bones composing the metatarsus, 
met-a-te'la. The posterior medullary velum, 
met-a-thal'a-mus*. The internal and external ge¬ 
niculate bodies. 

me-tath'e-sis. i. An operation tending to transfer 
a disease from a place where it exists to another 
part where its presence is less injurious. 2. The 
substitution of one or more atoms in a mole¬ 
cule for other and different atoms. [< pcrddeaig.] 
tmet-a-thet'ic. 


met-a-to'ci a. Any irregular or unusual form of 
parturition. [< perd beyond -h rd/cof birth.] 
met-a-tro'phi a. Morbid nutrition. tm®t-a-troph'ic. 
met-a-zo'on, pi. -zoa. Any multicellular animal. 

Protozoon. fmet-a-zo'al. 

Metchnikoff’s theory of phagocytosis (metsh'm-cofsb 
The theory that micro*organisms and other irri¬ 
tating elements in the body are ingested, digested, 
and destroyed by certain cells {phagocytes), the 
contest between the two producing the phenom¬ 
ena of inflammation. ^ Ehrlich’s side*chain 
theory; lactic acid; opsonic index; phagocy¬ 
tosis. [< Elie Metchnikoff, a Russian scientist 
working in the Pasteur Institute at Paris, 1845— .] 
met-en-ceph'a-lon. i. {Of Huxley.) The anterior 
part of the posterior cerebral vesicle of the 
embryonic brain, from which are developed the 
PONS VAROLii and part of the cerebellum; hind* 
brain; epencephalon. 2. {Of Wilder.) The pos¬ 
terior part of the posterior cerebral vesicle of 
the embryonic brain, from which are developed 
the MEDULLA OBLONGATA and the lower portion of 
the FOURTH ventricle; after*brain; myelenceph- 
alon. fmet-en'ceph-al; met*en-ce-phal'ic. 
met-en'te-ron. An enteron in any modification of 
its primitive form. 

me'te-o-rism. The secretion or accumulation of gas 
or air in any part of the body. ^Flatulence; 
pneumothorax; tympanites. [< to 

raise up.] Intestinal or peritoneal m., accumula¬ 
tion of gases within the abdomen or peritoneal 
cavity, especially in the large intestine, Ty¬ 

phoid FEVER. Myogenic m., meteorism due to 
abnormally weak abdominal walls. Paralytic m., 
meteorism due to paralysis of the intestinal 
muscles, fme-te-or'ic ; mede-o-ris'tic. 
me'te-o-rol'o-gy. The science which explains the 
various phenomena of the atmosphere and treats 
of the changes of the weather, 
met-ep'i-coele. The fourth ventricle. {c^perd be¬ 
hind -f EPiccELE.] tni®t*ep-i-coeTi an. 
me'ter. = Metre. 

-meter. Any measuring instrument, as in pel¬ 
vimeter. 

me-thac'e-tin. An antipyretic and anodyne homo- 
logue of phenacetin, C9 HjjN 02; para*acetanisi- 
dine; para*oxymethylacetanilide. Dose, 0.13 to 
0.5 Gm. (2 to 8 grs.). 

met-hasm-o-chym'i a. The surgical transfusion of 
blood. 

met-hae-mo-glo'bin. A modified form of oxyhae- 
moglobin, found in decomposed blood or blood in 
which the haemoglobin and oxygen are more firmly 
united; reduced haematin. met-hae-mo-glo-bi- 
nae'mi a, the presence of meth.emoglobin in the 
blood. 

met-hae-mo-glob'u-lin. The substance haemoglobin 
is transformed into when carbonic acid gas is 
passed through it or when it is left to itself, 
meth'a-form. =Chlorbutanol. 
meth'al. =Myristic alcohol. 
meth'ane. Marsh gas, CH4, a colorless, odorless gas, 
produced by the decomposition of organic matter. 
^ Fire*damp. M. fermentation = marsh gas 

FERMENTATION. 

meth-an'i-lid. =Exalgin. 
me-theg'lin. =Mead. 

meth'ene. = Methylene. M. disulphonic acid = 
Methionic acid. 

meth'e-nyl. The hypothetic trivalent radical, CH. 
M. chloride = chloroform. M. orthosanisidine, a 
local anaesthetic compounded from ortho*anisi- 


METHETHYL 


561 


METHYLCREASOL 


dine and orthoformic acid. M. tribromide = 
BROMOFORM. M. trichloride-= CHLOROFORM. M. 
triiodide = iodoform. 

meth-eth'yl. Methyl chloride with small quantities 
of chloroform and ethyl chloride: used as a local 
anaesthetic. 

me-thex'i a. Habitual drunkenness. [<drunk¬ 
enness -1- habit.] 

me-thex'i-phre-ne'si a, me-thex-o-ma'ni a. = Meth- 

OM.\NiA, def. I. 

meth-i-lep'si a. =Methomania, def. 2. 
meth-i-on'ic acid. A white, crystalline substance, 
CH4S20g, formed by treating certain methyl com¬ 
pounds, as methyl cyanide, with fuming sulphuric 
acid; methene disulphonic acid, 
meth'od. A regular order; arrangement; a system; 
a classification; a mode of doing something with 
a certain order and according to certain principles. 
For eponymic methods of treatment, diagnosis, 
etc., see the proper names. [< jutOndog pursuit of 
knowledge.] tme-thod'ic, as M. medicine, medi¬ 
cine as practised by the ancient sect called 
Medici methodici or meth'o-dists, by exact rules 
and theories, in opposition to empirical practice, 
tme-thod'i-cal, as M. chorea = rhythmic chorea. 
meth*o-gas-tro'sis. Disease of the stomach arising 
from indulgence in stimulating drinks. [< jicdr] 
drunkenness -f- L. gastro'sis gastric disease.] 
meth'ol. *A colorless liquid hydrocarbon produced 
during the distillation of wood, 
meth-o-ma'ni a. i. Mania a potu, or insanity re¬ 
sulting from drunkenness; methexiphrenesia; 
methexomania. 2. A morbid craving for intox¬ 
icating substances; dipsomania; methilepsia. 
meth'o-nal. A hypnotic resembling sulphonal, the 
ethyl mercaptan of which is replaced by methyl 
mercaptan. Dose, i to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grs.). 
meth-ox-y-caf'fe ine. An antineuralgic and anaes¬ 
thetic: used hypodermically in a 2% solution, 
and internally in doses of 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). 
meth'yl. The radical, CH,, of wood alcohol. 
Among the increasingly large number of salts are 
the acetamide, acetate, aceto^acetate, acetylsalicy- 
late, anisate, benzoate, betanaphtholate, butyrate, 
cacodylate, carbonate, carbonide, catecholate, chlor- 
acetate, chlorocarbonate, cinnamate, cyanide, for¬ 
mate, gallate, isobutyrate, lactate, malonate, oxalate, 
para^amidometa^oxybenzoate, propionate, sebacate, 
sulphide, sulphocyanate, telluride, thiocarbamide, 
and valerate of methyl. M. alcohol, CH.^OH, 
the first of the primary alcohols, is found among 
the products of the distillation of wood, and 
purified by repeated distillations; methyl hy¬ 
drate ; pyroxylic spirit; wood^alcohol; woods 
spirit; woodsnaphtha. It is a volatile, colorless 
liquid, burns with a pale flame, and dissolves 
many substances. While it has been employed 
in medicine as a narcotic, sedative, and anti* 
emetic, its use may be attended with grave 
danger, producing blindness by a direct action on 
the optic nerve, and often death, when taken in 
large doses. Methyl alcohol may be detected 
by converting it into formaldehyde by plung¬ 
ing a hot wire into the solution and then test¬ 
ing for this substance with phloroglucinol. 
f 7 .S. P.’05.] Denatured alcohol. M. bichlo¬ 
ride (Richardson) , a mixture of i volume of methyl 
alcohol and 4 volumes of chloroform: used for 
anaesthesia by inhalation. Methylene chlo- 
rjde. M. blue, an aniline dye, C37H2sN3S30,oNa;^: 
used chiefly for dyeing cotton and silk, but also 
recommended as a loc«,l application in diphtheria 

36 


in a mixture of 2 parts to 98 parts of sugar. M 
blue is often confounded with methylene blub 
and pyoktanin and has been erroneously used 
as a synonym for each. M. bromide, a heart 
and respiratory stimulant. Dose, 0.006 Gm. 
(rV S^-)- chloride, a gas, CH3CI, of an ethereal 
odor, obtained by the distillation of methyl alco¬ 
hol, sodium chloride, and sulphuric acid, con¬ 
verted under pressure into a liquid: used as a 
spray to produce local anaesthesia, Cattell’s 
method; ethyl chloride. M. chloroform, a 
volatile liquid, CH3CCI3, obtained by the action 
of chlorine upon ethyl alcohol: used as an anaes 
thetic. M. ether, a colorless gas, (CH3)20, of as 
ethereal odor, soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, 
and very inflammable; methylic ether; methyl 
oxide: gaseous even at a low temperature and 
said to be a rapid and safe anaesthetic. M. green, 
an aniline stain formed by the action of methyl 
compounds upon rosaniline. M. hexane — 
heptane. M. hydrate =M. alcohol. M. hy¬ 
dride = methane. M. iodide, a reaction product 
of methyl alcohol and iodine and phosphorus: 
used as a vesicant instead of cantharides and 
also in microscopy. M. nitrate, a colorless liquid, 
CH3.NO3, whose vapor when heated above the 
boiling point decomposes with an explosion. M. 
orange = helianthin. M. oxide = M. ether. 
M. salicylas or salicylate, the 1890 U. S. P. term 
for METHYLIS SALICYLAS*. M. Spirits = M. AL¬ 
COHOL. M. violet, an important histological ani¬ 
line stain, essentially consisting of mixtures of the 
hydrochlorides of pentamethylpararosaniline and 
hexamethylpararosaniline. Care must be taken 
not to confound it with methyl blue, methy¬ 
lene blue, and PYOKTANIN. Gram’s method. 
[< fiedv wine-j-ti/l^ wood.] fnieth'y-late, a com¬ 
pound of methyl alcohol with a base, meth'y- 
la-ted, as M. spirit, ethyl alcohol denatured with 
10% of wood spirit, meth-y-la'tion. me-thyl'ic, 
as M. alcohol = methyl alcohol: M. ether = 
methyl ether: etc. 
meth*yl-ac-e-tan'i-lide. = Exalgin. 
meth’yl-ac'e-tyl. = Acetone. 
meth*yl-a-cet'y-lene. =Allylene. 
meth'y-lal. = Formal. 
meth*yl-aklyl-phe'nol. = Anethol. 
meth-yl-am'ine. A gaseous ptomaine, CH5N, which 
may be condensed to a liquid: found in putrefy¬ 
ing fish, cultures of cholera bacilli, etc. M. phos¬ 
phate, known also by the trade^name of stomosan, 
is used for biliary calculi. 

meth-yl-an'i-line. An oily liquid, C^HjNHCCHj), 
with an odor like that of aniline, formed by the 
action of aniline chlorhydrate on alcohol, 
meth-yl-an'thra-cene. A yellow, crystalline sub¬ 
stance, C75H12, formed by heating emodin with 
zinc=dust: found in crude anthracene and in oil 
of turpentine. 

meth-yl-ar'a-bi-nose. ==Rhamnose. 
meth-yl-at'ro-pine. Atropine into whose molecule 
the methyl radical, CH3, has been introduced. 
M. nitrate = EUMYDRiNE. 
meth-yl-au'rin. =Eupittone. 
meth-yl-ben'zene, -ben'zol. = Toluene. 
meth*yl-ben-za-co'nin. A derivative from aconitine 
having properties resembling curare 
meth'yl-ben-zo-yl-ec'go-nine. = Cocaine. 
meth*yl-ce-pha'e-lin. = Emetine. 
meth-yl-co'ca-ine. = Cocainidine. 
meth-yl-cre'a~sol. A product from wood»tar ere 
sote. 


METHYLCROTONIC ACID 


562 


METOP- 


meth*yl-cro-ton'ic acid. =Tiglic acid. 
meth*yl-di-phen-yl-am'ine. A liquid, CjgHjgN, ob¬ 
tained by methylating diphenylamine with methyl 
iodide and heat. M. eosin, i^Jenner’s stain. 
meth'y-lene. A hypothetic hydrocarbon base and 
radical, CHg. M. acetylene=azin = glyoxalin. 
M. azure, a base formed from M. blue. M. bi¬ 
chloride = M. CHLORIDE. M. blue, a coabtar dye 
in the form of a dark=green crystalline powder; 
METHYLTHIONINyE HYDROCHLORICUM*. It is USed 

as a histological stain, as in the counter stain for 
tubercle bacilli, and a test for renal permeability; 
also internally, as an analgesic, anodyne, and 
antipyretic, in rheumatism, neuralgia, malaria, 
gonorrhoea, etc.; as an enema in dysentery; as a 
dusting powder in blennorrhagic vaginitis and 
metritis; and intramuscularly in mania. Dose, 
o. 1 2 to 0.55 Gm. (2 to 4 grs.). Achard’s test ; 
Russo’s TEST. M. blue imparts to the urine 
a green color. It is often confounded with 

METHYL BLUE, PYOKTANIN, and METHYL VIOLET. 

Polychrome m. blue, a stain for plasmascells and 
mast^cells, composed of methylene blue and po¬ 
tassium carbonate, i part each, in 100 parts of 
distilled water. M. chloride or dichloride, di- 
chloromethane, CH2CI2, a colorless liquid with a 
chloroform=like odor; M. bichloride: used to 
produce local anaesthesia but dangerous as an 
inhalant. It must not be confounded with 
METHYL BICHLORIDE (Richardson) . M. diace- 
tate, a heavy colorless antiseptic liquid. M. 
green, a darksbrown powder for dyeing cotton. 
M. iodide or diiodide, a yellow liquid, CH2I2, used 
as an hypnotic and anaesthetic. M. violet, one of 
a series of decomposition products of M. blue. 
meth*y-lene-cre'o-sote. = Pneumin. 
meth’y-lene-di-an-ti-py'rine. = Formopyrine. M. 

tetrabromide = salubrol. 
meth'y-lene-di-guai'a-col. A condensation product 
of formaldehyde and guaiacol; pulmoform; geo¬ 
form ; guaiaform: used against tuberculosis. 
Dose, 0.3 to I Gm. (5 to 15 grs.). Acetylated 
m. = euguform. 

meth’y-lene-di-meth'yl ester (ether) or meth*y-lcne- 
di-meth'y-Iate. = Formal. 
meth*y-lene-pro-to-cat-e~chu'ic acid. = Pipe ron al. 
meth-yl-en'i-tan. A faintly sweetish syrup, very 
similar to formose. 

meth-y-len'o-phil, meth*y-le-noph'i-lous. Suscep¬ 
tible to the methy]ene=blue stain. 
meth'yl-eth‘yl-gly-ox'a-lin. = Oxalethylin. 
meth-yl-fur'fu-rane. =Sylvane. 
meth'yl-ga'di-nene. A ptomaine producing tetanic 
symptoms: found in decomposed horse-flesh, 
meth-yl-gly'co-coll. =Sarcosine. 
meth*yl-gly-co-cy-am'i-dine. = Creatinine 
meth*yl-gly-co-cy-am'ine. = Creatin. 
meth‘yl-gly-ox-al'i-dine. = Lysidine. 
meth-yl-guan-am'ine. A crystalline compound, 
C,H,N3. 

meth-yl-guan'i-dine. A very poisonous ptomaine, 
CgH^N.^, from creatin, decaying flesh, etc.; 
methyluramine. 

meth‘yl-hy-dan-to'ic acid. A soluble crystalline 
compound, C4HgN203, formed by heating sarco- 
sine and ammonium cyanate to 40° C. (104° F.). 
meth*yl-hy-dan'to-in8. A crystalline substance, 
C4H3N2O2, found in fresh meat, and formed by 
the decomposition of creatin. 
meth'yl-il. A proprietary mixture of ethyl chloride 
with small amounts of methyl chloride and chlor¬ 
oform: used as a local anassthetic. 


meth-yl-in'dol. An oily liquid with an aromatic odor, 
meth'ylis salicy'las*. Methyl salicylate, CH3C7H5O3, 
an ester produced synthetically; methyl salicylas 
of the 1890 U. vS P. It is the principal constituent 
of the oil of gaultheria and of the oil of betula. 
For flavoring purposes these three preparations 
may be used indifferently: also used as an anti¬ 
rheumatic and antiseptic. Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). 
meth*yl-mer-cap'tan. A gas formed in the intes¬ 
tines by the decomposition of certain proteids. 
It gives the urine the peculiar odor noticed after 
eating asparagus, 
meth-yl-mor'phine. = Codeine. 
meth-yl-non'yl ketone. An oily substance, of a 
pleasant odor, found in oil of rue. 
meth’yl-pel-let'i-e-rine. An alkaloid, CgH^^jNO, from 
the bark of pomegranate. 

meth*yl-phe-nac'e-tin. An hypnotic obtained by 
the action of methyl iodide upon phenacetin 
sodium dissolved in xylene. 
meth*yl-phen-mor'pho-lin. A proprietary narcotic, 
meth-yl-phe'nol. =Cresol. 
meth -yl-phen-yl-es'ter . = A n i s o l 

meth-yl-phos'phine. A compound destructive to ani¬ 
mal micro-organisms: used in malarial disorders. 
meth*yl-pro-pyl-phe'nol, normal. = Thymol. 
meth'yl-pro-pyl-phen'yl hexahydride. = Menthol. 
meth'yl-pro-to-cat-e-chu'ic acid. = Vanillic acid. 

M. aldehyde = VANILLIN, 
meth-ylspu'ni-cine. 1^ Pelletierin^ tannas*. 
meth-yl-py'ri-dine. = Picoline. 
meth’yl-py-ro-cat'e-chin. = Guaiacol. 
meth-yl-qui'no-lin. =Quinaldin. 
meth*yl-re-sor'ci-nol. = O rc i n . 
meth-yl-sa'lol. A crystalline antirheumatic, 
meth-yl-strych'nine. A yellow powder obtained 
from strychnine by the action of methyl iodide 
and the removal of the iodine: used like curare. 
meth*yl-suc-cin'ic acid. = Pyrotartaric acid. 
meth'yl-the-ba'ine. A compound, CggHg^NO,, de¬ 
rived from thebaine and having similar but less 
powerful action. 

meth*yl-the-o-bro'mine. = Caffeine. 
methylthioni'nae hydrochlo'ridum*. Methylthionine 
hydrochloride or methylene blue, C^gHjgNgSCl, 
tetramethylthionine hydrochloride, obtained by 
the action of hydrogen sulphide upon an oxi¬ 
dation product of para-amidodimethylaniline. 
Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). 

meth-yl-tol'u-ene. A reaction-product obtained by 
the action of sodium on a mixture of methyl 
iodide and crystallized bromotoluene. 
meth*yl-u-ram'ine. = Methylguanidine. 
meth-yl-xan'thine. = Heteroxanthine. 
me-thys'tic. Any substance used for exhilaration 
and inebriation. 

me-thys'ti-cine. A white, crystalline substance, 
CigHjgOj, derived from the root of Piper me- 
THYSTicuM; kavahine. 

met-o-a'rium. = Corpus luteum. [<//frd after 
+ (^dpiov egg.] 

met*o-don-ti'a-sis. Secondary dentition, 
me'tol. A photographic developer and hair-dye; 

dermatitis may follow its use. 
met'op-, met'o-po-. Relating to the forehead or 
frontal bone: a combining form. [< fieruTvov 
forehead.] me-top'a-gus, met-o-pa'gi a, -po-pa'- 
gi a, a twin monstrosity with the foreheads joined. 

— met*o-pan-tral'gi a, pain in the frontal sinuses. 

— met*o-pan-tri'tis, inflammation of the frontal 
sinuses.— me-to'pi on, the point on the median 
line of the frontal bone^where it is crossed by a 


METOPIUM 


563 


METRO- 


line which connects the highest point of either 
frontal protuberance with its fellow. ^Meto- 
PON.— met'o-pism, persistence of the frontal su¬ 
ture.— met’o-po-dyn'i a, neuralgia of the fore¬ 
head ; frontal headache.— met'o-pon, the forehead 
or frontal bone, fme-top'ic, as M. point = meto- 
pion: and M. = frontal suture. — met- 

o-po-pa'gia = metopagia.— met-o-pos'co-py, 
phrenology in which the forehead is taken as the 
especial part for indicating character, 
me-to'pi um. The expressed oil of almonds, 
met'o-zine. =Antipyrine. 

me'tra. The uterus, or womb. [L., fr. jiTjrpa womb.] 
me'tra-. Relating or pertaining to the uterus or 
womb; metro-: a combining form. i^Colpo-; 
HYSTERO-. [< fiprpa womb.] me-trae'mia, in¬ 
crease of blood in the womb.— me’traem-or-rha'- 
gi a, hemorrhage from the uterus ; metrorrhagia. 

— me-tral'gi a, pain in the uterus. fnie-traTgic.— 
me-tra-nae'mi a, deficiency of blood in the uterus. 

— me-tra-nas'tro-phe, inversion of the uterus. — 

— me-tran-eu-rys'mus, me-tran'eu-rism, dilata¬ 
tion of the womb or of the vulva.— me-tra-noik'- 
ter, a form of four^bladed cervical dilator. 

— met'ra-tome, an instrument for cutting the 
uterus. — me-tra-to'ni a, atony of the uterus.— 
met-rat'o-nus, atonicity of the uterus.— me-tra- 
tre'sia, imperforation of the uterus. — me-tra- 
tro'phi a, atrophy of the womb. — me-traux'e, 
hypertrophy of the uterus. 

me'tre, me'ter. The linear unit of the metric 
SYSTEM, equal to 39.37 inches or about 
linear yards. M. angle, the angle formed by the 
visual axes of the two eyes when converging upon 
a point one metre distant. M. lens, a lens with a 
focal distance of one metre. [ < fierpov measure.] 
fmet'ric. 

me-tre-chos'co-py. A process combining mensura¬ 
tion, auscultation, and inspection, fnie-trech'- 
o-scope. 

me-trec-ta'si a. Uterine dilatation, 
me-trec'to-my. Surgical removal of the uterus, 
me-trec-to'pi a, me-trec'to-py. Displacement or 
deviation from the normal position of the womb, 
me-trel-co'sis. Ulceration of the uterus, 
me-trem-phrax'is. Congestion of the blood* vessels 
and substance of the uterus, 
me-tren'chy-ta. i. A vaginal injection. 2. A vagi¬ 
nal syringe. 

me-treu-ryn'ter. A bag for dilating the uterus. 
fs - Duhrssen’s method. 

me-treu'ry-sis. The distention of the neck of the 
uterus, as by the introduction of sponge*tents. 
me'tria. = Puerperal fever. 
met'ric system. The system of weights and meas¬ 
ures adopted in France, and used generally 
throughout the world in scientific investigations 
in order to remove the confusion caused by the 
great diversity of weights and measures employed 
by different nations. The units of the metric 
system are: i, the metre, the unit of length; 
2, the Are, the unit of surface, i. e., the square 
of ten metres; 3, the litre, the unit of capacity ; 
4, the GRAMME, the unit of weight. Each unit 
has its decimal multiples and fractions,— i. e., 
weights and measures ten times larger than and 
as large as the unit of the denomination pre¬ 
ceding or following. These multiples and frac- 
.tions are indicated by prefixes placed before the 
names of the several fundamental units. The 
prefixes denoting multiples are derived from the 
Greek language, and are deca-, ten, hecto-, hun¬ 


dred, kilo-, thousand, and myria-, ten thousand 
Those denoting fractions are Latin,—viz., deci-, 
tenth, centi-, hundredth, and milli-, thousandth, 
ts-M icron; weights and measures, table of. 

met'rine. The bacillus of puerperal fever. Bacillus 
puerpera'lis. 

met-ri-o-ce-phal'ic. Having a skull whose vertical 
index is between 72° and 77°. 

me-tri'tis. Inflammation of the womb, either in 
whole or in part. (^Endometritis; mesome- 
TRiTis. The principal varieties are Catarrhal, 
usually limited to the cervix uteri; Chronic, 
usually due to puerperal infection and attended 
with enlargement of the corpus and cervix; Dis¬ 
secting, inflammation with sloughing away of 
parts of the uterus; Hemorrhagic, usually limited 
to the corpus uteri; and Inflammatory, attended 
with fever, great sensitivity of the uterus, and 
swelling and inflammation of the vaginal portion. 
For other varieties see the qualifying words. [ < 
fipTpa womb + -itis.] fme-trit'ic, as M. synovitis . 

me'tro-. Relating to the uterus or womb; metra- : a 
combining form, Colpo-, hystero-. pp-pa 
womb.] me*tro-bo-try'tes, uterine cauliflower 
excrescences.— me-troc'a-ce, a putrescent con¬ 
dition of the uterus.— me-tro-camp'sis, obliquity 
or flexion of the uterus.— medro-car-ci-no'ma, 
cancer of the womb.— me'tro-cele, vaginal hernia. 
— me'tro-clyst, an apparatus for washing out the 
uterine cavity.— me-tro-col'po-cele, prolapse of 
the pregnant uterus through the ruptured pos¬ 
terior wall of the vagina.— medro-cys-to'sis, the 
formation of cysts in the uterus.— medro-dy-na- 
mom'e-ter, a dynamometer for measuring uterine 
contractions.— me-tro-dyn'i a, pain in the uterus. 
— me*tro=en-do-me-tri'tis, combined inflamma¬ 
tion of the womb and the mucous membrane 
lining it.— medro-fl-bro'ma, fibroma or fibroid 
tumor of the womb.— me-tro-hae'mi a, me-tro- 
hem'or-rhage, hemorrhage into the uterus.— me- 
tro-lox'ia, an oblique position of the womb, as 
lateral or oblique displacement of its fundus. — 
medro-lymph-an-gei'tis, -an-gi'tis, inflammation 
of the uterine lymphatics in septic puerperal fever. 
gt-Lymphangeitis. —medro-mal-a-co'ma, -co'sis, 
morbid softening of the womb.— me-tro-ma'ni a 
= nymphomania. — me-trom'e-ter=HYSTEROME- 
TER. — me-tro-neu'ri a, a nervous affection of the 
womb.— medro-pa-ral'y-sis, uterine paralysis.— 
me-trop'a-thy, any uterine affection.— medro- 
per-i-to-ni'tis. i. Inflammation of the utertis and 
peritoneum. 2. Peritonitis due to uterine dis¬ 
ease.— medro-phle-bidis, inflammation of the 
veins of the womb. M. puerpera'lis, metrophle¬ 
bitis in puerperal fever.— medro-phleb-o-throm- 
bo' sis, inflammation of the veins of the uterus, 
especially in puerperal fever, when accompanied 
by thrombosis.— me-tro-pleth'o-ra, a congested 
state of the uterus.— me-tro-poFy-pus, polypus 
of the womb.— medro-prop-to'ma, a protrusion 
formed by the prolapsed womb.— medro-prop-to'- 
sis, prolapse or anteversion of the womb.— me- 
trop-to'sis, falling or prolapse of the womb.— 
me-tror-rha'gi a, excessive discharge (usually 
hemorrhagic) from the womb, especially when 
occurring at other times than during menstrua¬ 
tion; uterine hemorrhage. M. gravidarum, me¬ 
trorrhagia during pregnancy, as in placenta 
praevia. Menorrhagia. — me-tror-rheu'ma, 

rheumatism of the uterus.— me-tror-rhex'is, rup¬ 
ture of the uterus.— me-tror-rhce'a, uterine dis¬ 
charge, as blood, mucus, etc.— me-tror-tho'sis. 


METROCELIS 


564 


MICRO- 


the correction of a uterine displacement.— me'- 
tro-sal-pin-gi'tis. i. Salpingitis. 2. Inflamma¬ 
tion of the womb and of the fallopian tubes.— 
me-tro-sarpinx, the oviduct. — me-tro-scir'rhus, 
scirrhus of the uterus.— me'tro-sco-li-o'ma, -li- 
o'sis, obliquity or curvature of the uterus.— 
me-tros'co-py, visual examination of the uterus, 
tme'tro-scope.— me-tro-stax'is, a slight abnormal 
discharge from the womb.— me'tro-ste-no'sis, 
stenosis or contraction of the uterine cavity.— 
me*tro-ste-re'sis, extirpation of the uterus.— 
me'tro-tome = hysterotome. — me-tro-to'mi a, 
me-trot'o-my = hysterotomy. — me-tro-tox'in, 
a poison derived from the living or dead uterus. 
— me‘tro-ty-lo'ma, a hard, thickened portion of 
the womb. 

me-tro-ce'lis, pi. -celi'des. Mother’s mark; birth* 
mark; n^vus. [< [lyrrjp mother-I-spot.] 
me'tro-cyte. A mother cell. [< {J-V'tip mother + 
KVTOQ cell.] 

me-trol'o-gy. The science of measurements. Uter¬ 
ine m., metrology as applied to the uterus, f < 
measure + Adyof science.] fi^ct-ro-log'ic. 
met'ro-nome. An instrument for measuring time 
in music or for testing the sense of hearing. [< 
/lerpov measure + law.] 

me'trosu-re'thro-tome. A urethrotome having an 
attachment for regulating the depth of the incis¬ 
ion. [< fierpov measure-f URETHROTOME.] 
me-try-dror-rhce'a. A watery discharge from the 
uterus. [< jiijTpa womb + vdop water + po'ta 
flowing.] 

me-try-pe-rae'mi a. A congested state of the uterus, 
me-tryper-aes-the'sis. Too great sensibility or irri¬ 
tability of the womb. 

me-tryper-ci-ne'sis. Excessive intensity of labor 
pains. 

me-try-per-tro'phi a. Hypertrophy of the womb. 
Meunier’s sign of measles (mo-ni-ez). Daily loss 
of weight following the incubative period and 
preceding the eruption in measles. [T[ G. ’07.] 
Meyer’s disease (mai'^rz). Arrested development 
due to adenoid growths, often associated with 
enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsil, removal of 
which from a backward child will sometimes re¬ 
sult in marked improvement. [< Hans Wilhelm 
Meyer, 1825-1896.] M.’s sign, numbness and 
formication of hands and feet during the erup¬ 
tive stage of scarlet fever. 

Meynert’s bundle (mai'nerts). =M.’s fasciculus. 
M.’s commissure, a commissure formed by a 
bundle of nerve*fibres extending from the floor 
of the third ventricle, through the optic tracts, 
to the subthalamic body; commissura basalis. 
M.’s decussation, a series of nerve=fibres arising 
in the roof of the aqueduct and decussating in the 
dorsal portion of the raphe. M.’s fasciculus, i. 
A small white bundle of nervesfibres passing from 
the habenular ganglion to the interpeduncular 
ganglion; fasciculus retrofiexus [Meynerti]*. 2. 
= Solitary fasciculus. M.’s ganglion, the 
basal optic ganglion. M.’s solitary bundle = 
SOLITARY fasciculus. [< Theodore Meynert, an 
Austrian anatomist, 1833-1892.] 

Meynet’s nodes (me-nez). Nodular growths, some¬ 
times seen in cases of rheumatism, connected 
with tendons, tendon sheaths, and joint capsules, 
especially in children. [ < Paul Meynet, a French 
physician, 1831-1892.] 
mez'cal. Mescal. 

me-ze're um*, -re on. The dried bark of Daph'ne 
meze'reum and of other European species of 


Daph'ne (Fam. Thymelea'cece). From it an oleo- 
lesin and a glucoside, daphnin, are obtained. It 
is used as a diaphoretic, diuretic, and alterative, 
and sometimes externally as an epispastic. Dose, 
0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). ^ Fluidextractum mezerei*. 
mez'quite gum. Mesquite. 

Mg. The symbol of magnesium. 

Mg. Abbr. of milligramme. 

mho (mo). The unit of conductivity for electricity, 
measured by a mho'me-ter. [Anagram of ohm.] 
mi'asm, mi-as'ma, mi-az'ma. Floating and impal¬ 
pable morbific effluvia, the product of the decay 
or putrefaction of animal and vegetable sub¬ 
stances. Contagion; infection; malaria. 
[< L. mias'ma, fr. piaheiv to pollute.] tmi-as'- 
mal ; mi-as-mat'ic, as M. fever, a fever produced 
by miasm; malarial fever, mi-as'mi-fuge. mi- 
as'mo-con-ta'gious. mi-as-mol'o-gy. 
mi'ca pa'nis. = Bread*crumb ; abbr. mic. pan. 

... 

mi-ca'tion. Rapid winking of the eyelids. [< L. 

mica're to glitter, to flash.] 
mi-cel'la, pi. -Ice. One of the minute particles 
which form the idioplasm, or living substance, of 
a cell. [L., dim. of mi'ca crumb.] tmi-cel'lar. 
Michel’s clamp (mi-shelz). A clamp made of a me¬ 
tallic strip, similar to a clip for papers, used to 
hold margins of wounds together or for fastening 
in a permanent catheter: applied and removed 
by special instruments. M.’s paste, a caustic 
mixture of i part of powdered asbestos or soap* 
stone with 3 parts of concentrated sulphuric acid, 
mic-ra-cou'stic. i. Relating to small or faint 
sounds. 2. An instrument for rendering faint 
sounds audible. 

mic-ra-nat'o-my. ISIicroscopic anatomy. 
mi‘cran-gi-op'a-thy. Any disease of the capillaries, 
mi-cran'gi um. A capillary vessel, 
mi-cran'trus. A skull in which a vertical line run¬ 
ning from the most prominent point of the torus 
frontalis to the radius fixus lies from o to 
4 mm. (o to ^ in.) in front of one running down¬ 
ward from the nasion. Macrantrus. [< 
funpog small + avrpnv cave.] 
mi-cren-ce-pha'li a, mi-cren-ceph'a-ly. i. = Mi¬ 
crocephalia, def. I. 2. The condition in which 
the angle formed by lines from the hormion to 
the NASION and the inion is from 129° to 142.5°. 
[< pmpog small + eynicpaTioq brain.] fnii-cren- 
ceph'a-lous, -ce-phal'ic. mi-cren-ceph'a-lus. 
mi-cren-ceph'a-lon, -lum, mi-cren-ce-phaTi on, 
-Hum. I. The cerebellum. 2. = Microcephalon. 
mi-cren-cra'nus. A skull with a small cerebellar 
sector from 8.5° to 15°. 
mi-cris-toFo-gy. Microscopic histology, 
mi'cro-. Denoting smallness or diminutiveness; also 
the one*thousandth (sometimes one*millionth) 
part of the unit to which it is joined: a combin¬ 
ing form. Macro-; mega-; megalo-; nano-. 
[ < jUKpoQ small.] mi’crosa-nat'o-my = micranat- 
OMY. — mi-cro=au'di-phone, a device for rendering 
audible very slight sounds.— mi*cro-bac-te'ri a, a 
division of vSchizomycetes. — mi-cro-bae'mi a, 
MicROBiOH^MiA. — mi'crobc, any living micro* 
organism, especially a vegetable organism or 
schizomycete, and loosely used as synonymous 
with BACTERIUM, fmi-cro'bi al *, mi-cro'bi an ; 
mi-cro'bic. — mi-cro'bi-cide, a medicine or poison 
destructive to microbes. tmi-cro-bi-ci'dal. — 

mi-cro-bi-o-hae'mi a, a diseased state of the blood 
due to the presence of microbes; microbaemia.— 
mi‘cro-bi-ol'o-gy, the science or study of mi- 


MICRO- 


565 


MICRO- 


jrobes; bacteriology, fmi-cro-bi-o-log'ic. mi-- 
cro-bi-ol'o-gist.— mi-cro'bi on = microbe. — mi*- 
cro-bi-o-na'tion, inoculation with microbes ; bac- 
terination.— mi*cro-bi-o-pho'bi a, morbid fear of 
microbes.— mi-cro-bi'o-scope, a special form of 
microscope for the examination of living tissues 
and micro*organisms.— mixro-bi-o'sis, the mor¬ 
bid condition due to infection with pathogenic 
microbes.— mi'cro-bism, the presence of active 
pathogenic micro-organisms in the body: termed 
Latent m. when they are inactive and do not give 
rise to definite signs.— mi'cro-blast = microcyte. 

— mi-cro-bleph'a-ry, -bleph'a-rism, -bleph'a-ron, 
mi'cro-ble-pha'ri a, smallness of the eyelids. 

Ablepharia ; exophthalmia ; lagophthalmia. 

— mi-cro-bra'chi us, a monster with abnormally 
small hands or arms, Micromelus. fnii-cro- 
bra'chi a.— mi-cro-car'di a, smallness of the heart. 

— mi-cro-cau'li a, abnormal smallness of the 
penis.— mi-cro-cau'ter-y, the application of the 
cautery by a very fine needle, as in the removal 
of superfluous hair. Paquelin’s cautery. — 
mi’cro-ce-pha'ii a, -ceph'a-ly, -ceph'a-lism. i. 
Congenita] and symmetrical smallness of the skull; 
micrencephalia. 2. A condition marked by ab¬ 
normal smallness of the head, as is often the case 
in idiocy. i^Brachycephalism ; cretinism ; dol- 

ICHOCEPHALIA ; MACROCEPHALIA ; NANOCEPHALIA. 

tmi'cro-ce-phal'ic, -ceph'a-lous, as M. skull, one 
having a capacity below 1350 Cc. (45 fl. ozs.). as 
in the Bushmen and Tasmanians, mi-cro-ceph'- 
a-lus.— mi-cro-ceph'a-lon, -ceph'a-lum, an ab¬ 
normally small head.— mi-cro-cheiTi a, a congen¬ 
ital smallness of the lips.— mi-cro-chem'is-try, 
the use of the microscope to make minute chemi¬ 
cal investigations or reactions, as in the case of 
alkaloid poisons or in testing the liver for iron, 
tmi-cro-chem'i-cal.— mi-cro-ci'dine, an antisep¬ 
tic powder produced by fusing caustic soda 
with betanaphthol.— mi*cro-cin-e-mat'o-graph, a 

CINEMATOGRAPH showing PHOTOMICROGRAPHS.- 

mi‘cro-ci-ne'sis ==*microkinesis. — Micrococ'cus, 
see in vocabulary place at end of this list.— 
mi*cro-co-nid'i um, a small conidium. — mi-cro- 
co'nous, having the surface covered with small 
conical eminences. — mi-cro-co'ri a = mysis. — 
mi-cro-cor'ne a, abnormal smallness of the cor¬ 
nea. JS^ColOBOM.A. ; MACROCORNEA ", MICROPHTHAL¬ 
MIA.— mi'cro-cosm, man, as representing in his 
mind or organization an epitome or similitude of 
the great world or macrocosm, fnii-cro-cos'- 
mic, as M. salt, hydrogen sodium ammonium 
orthophosphate, obtained from urine; so named 
because found in the human body. e 3 “Phosph ate, 
AMMONIUM MAGNESIUM.— mixro-cou-lomb', the 
millionth part of a coulomb. — mi-cro-cous'tic = 
MiCRACOUSTic.— mi-cro-cra'ni US, microcephalus. 

— mi'cro-crith, a unit of molecular weight for 
gases. It is the weight of an atom of hydrogen. 

— mi-cro-crys'tal-line, composed of crystals of 
microscopic size.— mi'cro-cyst. i . A minute cyst. 
2. A daughter cyst, tmi-cro-cys'tic, as M. kid¬ 
ney, a kidney containing many small cysts.— 
mi-cro-cy'tase = alexin.— mi'cro-cyte, any very 
minute cell, especially a dwarfed or unduly 
small nucleated erythrocyte, such as is observed 
in some cases of pernicious anaemia; a microblast. 

— mixro-cy-thae'mi a, a diseased state in which 
the blood-cells, or many of them, are smaller 
in size than is normal: seen in oligocyth.«mia. 

— mixro-cy-to'sis, the production or presence of 
microcytes, as in microcythemia. — mixro-dac- 


tyl'i a, abnormal smallness of the fingers, fniixro- 
dac-tyl'ic.— mi'cro-dont. i . Having small or 
short teeth. 2. Skulls with dental index below 
42°: seen in Caucasians.— mixro=e-lec-trom'e-ter, 
an instrument for measuring small amounts of 
electricity.— mixrose-ti-ol'o-gy, the science of the 
causes of microbic diseases.— mi-cro-far'ad, the 
one-millionth part of a farad.— mixro-gal-van'ic, 
pertaining to minute currents of galvanic electrici¬ 
ty.— mi-cro-gam'ete, the male cell, as of the mala¬ 
rial parasite, consisting of a single flagellum of a 
MicROGAMETOCYTE. [^1 E. ’o6.] — mixro-ga-met'- 
o-cyte, the parent male cell, as of the malarial par¬ 
asite. [T[ E. ’o6.] — mi-cro-gas'trous, having a 
small belly.— mi-cro-ge'ni a, congenital smallness 
of the chin.— mi'cro-germ. i. A germ or spore of 
a microbe. 2. A microbe.— mi-cro-glos'si a, con¬ 
genital smallness of the tongue.— mi-cro-gna'- 
thi a, congenital smallness of the jaws, especially 
of the mandible.— mixro-go-nidfi a, the smaller 
ZOOSPORES of some alge. — mi'cro-gramme = 
MUGRAMME.— mi-crog'ra-phy , an account of mi¬ 
croscopic investigations. — mi-cro-gy'ri a, mi- 
cro-gy'rus, abnormal smallness of the convolu¬ 
tions of the brain; often seen in pronounced 
cases of idiocy.— mic'rohm, in electricity, the 
millionth part of an ohm. — mixro-ki-ne'sis, in¬ 
voluntary motion or motions made by a very 
young infant.— Microklos'sia pri'ma, a sporozoan 
micro-organism which causes a parasitic disease 
in lepidopterous insects.— mi-cro-len'ti a, con¬ 
genital smallness of the crystalline lens.— mi'- 
cro-li-tre, a measure of capacity equal to 
one-millionth of a litre. — mi-crol'o-gy, the 
science of microscopic objects.— mi-cro-ma'ni a, 
an'insane delusion that the body or limbs have 
become small, shrunken, invisible, have died, etc,: 
met with among paralytics, t^i'cro-nia-ni'a- 
cal, as M. delirium .— mi-cro-ma'zi a, smallness 
of the mammary glands.— mi-cro-me'li a, imper¬ 
fect development or abnoimal smallness of some 
member, as in cretinism. M. chondromalacTca, 
micromelia in which the cartilage while prolifer¬ 
ating fails to form cell columns and softens, 
causing an arrest in the longitudinal development 
of the bone; chondrodystrophia malacica.— mi- 
crom'e-lus, a monster with abnormally small, 
but not necessarily malformed, limbs, Pe- 
ROMELus. — Microme'ria, a genus of odorous 
labiate plants. M. douglas'si, yerba buena, of 
California, is carminative, stimulant, and anthel¬ 
mintic. M. obova'ta, a West Indian plant, is re¬ 
garded as a POLYCHREST. — mi-crom'e-ter. i. 
An instrument for measuring small distances or 
ascertaining minute dimensions, as under the 
microscope. M. screw, a screw with fine turns, 
employed for delicate measurements and micro¬ 
scopic adjustments. 2. A series of rulings upon 
glass marking minute divisions of an inch or 
millimetre. When observed as an object they 
constitute a stage micrometer ; when placed in the 
ocular, an eye^^piece or ocular micrometer, fnii- 
cro-met'ric. mi-crom'e-try. — mi-cro-mi'cron = 
MICROMILLIMETRE. — mixro-mil'H-gramme = mu- 
GRAMME. — mi-cro-mil'li-me-tre, properly, the 
one-millionth part of a millimetre; micromicron . 
abbr. micromil.; symbol ////; but formerly em¬ 
ployed, especially in biology, as the one-thou¬ 
sandth of a millimetre. In this sense the word 
MICRON is now used. 'k. — mi-crom'ma-tous, 

having small eyes.— mi-cro-mo'to-scope, a photo¬ 
graphic arrangement with the microscope for re- 


MICRO- 


MICRO- 


cording small objects in motion.— mi-cro-my'ces, 
pi. -myce'tes, a term for minute fungi but with¬ 
out classificatory significance. i^Streptothrix. 
M. hoffman'ni, a variety of fungus occurring in 
sugar, from which it produces acetic acid. It 
causes abscesses when injected into rabbits.— 
mi'cro-my-e'li a, excessive or abnormal shortness 
or smallness of the spinal cord.— mi'cron, the 
one=thousandth part of a millimetre; symbol, /i. 
It is equal to ^3-500 inch. Micromilli¬ 

metre. — mi*cro-ne-cro'sis, necrosis of tissue=ele- 
ments.— mi-cro-nu'cle us, a minute nucleus.— 
mi-cro=or'ga-nism, a minute or microscopic orga¬ 
nism, whether of vegetable nature (as the schizo- 
mycetes, bacteria, etc.) or of animal character 
(as the protozoa, infusoria, etc.), especially when 
possessing pathogenicity, is- Bacillus ; bacte¬ 
rium; MICROBE, fmi’crosor-gan'ic.—mixro-pan- 
en-ceph'a-lus, a skull in which the angle included 
between lines from the hormion to the nasion 
and the BASiON is from 138° to 163°.— mi-cro- 
par'a-site, a microscopic parasite, whether animal 
or vegetable, fnii'cro-par-a-sit'ic. — mi’cro-pa- 
thol'o-gy, the science of pathogenic micro-orga¬ 
nisms and of the diseases produced thereby.— 
mi'cro-phage, mi-cro-phag'o-cyte, mi-croph'a- 
gus, a leucocyte or other cell believed to feed 
upon or absorb micro-organisms and other par¬ 
ticles of matter; the phagocyte of Metchnikoft'; 
a small phagocyte, fnii-croph'a-gous. — mi-cro- 
pho'bi a, a morbid dread of micro-organisms.— 
mi'cro-phone, an electrical apparatus by which 
very slight sounds are rendered audible.— mi-cro- 
pho'ni a, a condition of great weakness of voice, 
tmi-croph'o-nous. — mi-cro-pho'no-graph, a pho¬ 
nographic arrangement whereby slight sounds 
are recorded and magnified: for the use of the 
deaf.— mi’cro-pho-no-pho'bi a, morbid fear of 
faint sounds.— mi-cro-pho'no-scope, a variety 
of binaural stethoscope having a membrane in 
the chest-piece by means of which sounds are ac¬ 
centuated. ^ Phonendoscope. — mi-cro-pho'to- 
graph, a diminutive photograph of a large body 
which to be seen must be looked at through a mag¬ 
nifying lens; sometimes wrongly used for photo¬ 
micrograph. tmi'cro-pho-to-graph'ic. mi'cro- 
pho-tog'ra-phy. — mi-croph-thal'mi a, a morbid 
shrinking or wasting of the eyeballs; congenital 
smallness of one or both eyes. c^Enophthalmus. 
tmi-croph-thal'mic. mi-croph-thal'mus, thal'- 
mos. — mi’cro-phys-i-ol'o-gy, the microscopic 
study of cell changes during different stages of 
their activity. — mi'cro-phyte, a microscopic 
plant; a vegetable micro-organism; a microbe. 
fmi-cro-phyt'ic.— mi-cro'pi a = micropsia. — mi- 
cro-pla'nar, the trade name for an anastigmatic 
objective.— mi-cro-pla'si a, arrested development 
of the whole or a part of the body.— mi*cro-po- 
lar'i-scope, a polariscope attached to a micro¬ 
scope.— mi‘cro-pro-jec'tion, a form of magic lan¬ 
tern by means of which the image of a microscopic 
object is enlarged and cast upon a screen.— mi*- 
cro-pro-so'pus, a monster with an imperfectly de¬ 
veloped face.— mi-cro-pro'te in = myco protein. 

— mi-crop'si a, an affection of the eye in which 
objects appear smaller than they really are, due 
to a defect of accommodation; micropia. 
Megalopsia; metamorphopsia. —mi-cro-psy'- 
chi a, a small mentality.— mi'cro-pus, a monster 
having abnormally small feet, tmi-crop'o-dous. 

— mi-crop'y-la, mBcro-pyle, the minute opening 
in certain ova of some animals, but not present 


in the human ovum—through which the sper¬ 
matozoon may penetrate. — mi-cror'chid, one 
who has abnormally small testicles. — mi'cro- 
scope, an optical instrument by which minute 
objects, scarcely or not at all visible to the naked 
eye, may be distinctly seen. A simple m. is a 
single magnifying lens or system producing a 
virtual image, while in the compound m. a real 
image of the object is formed by one lens and 
further magnified by another. In the binocular m. 
there are two tubes, one for each eye, by means 
of which, through the aid of a prism, the rays of 
light are divided. A stereoscopic effect may or 
may not be produced. A projection m. is a 
suitably arranged combination of the principles 
of a microscope and a magic lantern so as to cast 
a much enlarged image upon a screen, as for 
class demonstrations; epidiascope. Where the 
illuminant is sunlight it is called a solar m. 
Ultramicroscope, fnii-cro-scop'ic, -scop'i-cal, 
as M. histology, the study of normal tissues by the 
microscope, ts- pathologic histology; M. lesion, 
a lesion which is discoverable only upon magnifi¬ 
cation; histologic lesion; minute lesion: and il/. 
objective, fS- objective, mi-cros'co-pist, a person 
expert in the use of the microscope, mi-cros'- 
co-py, the art of using microscopes, as Clinical 
m., the use of the microscope as an aid in clinical 
diagnosis.— mi-cro-sec'ond = a. — mi-cro-sec'- 
tion, a transparently thin section of tissue cut for 
examination with a microscope.— mi'cro-seme, 
having an orbital index less than 83°.— mi-cros- 
mat'ic, having the olfactory apparatus poorly 
developed, isr Anosmia. — mi'cro-sol, a copper 
disinfectant.— mi'cro-some, pi. -so'ma, or -somes, 
a minute stainable body, of doubtful nature, 
found in the filaments of protoplasm. ^ Karyo- 
MiCROSOME. — mi-cro-so'mi a, a dwarfed condi¬ 
tion of the body, under 130 Cm. (51 in.); nano- 
somia.— mi-cro-spec'tro-scope, a combined spec¬ 
troscope and microscope.— mi’cro-sphyg'mi a, a 
permanent condition of the pulse in which its 
elicitation by the finger is difficult: independent 
of any cardiac disease and associated with idiocy 
and at times with ichthyosis.— mi-cro-sphyx'i a, 
smallness and weakness of the pulse, fnii-cro- 
sphyc'tous. — Micros'pira, a bent or short spiral 
bacillus having flagella which are only polar and 
usually single. — Microspirone'ma pallidum == 
Treponema pallidum. — Microsporid'imn, pi. 
rid'ia, a genus of Sporozo'a, parasitic in worms, 
insects, the muscles of the frog, etc., and met 
with in pbbrine. — Micros'poron, -rum, a genus 
of fungi having exceedingly minute spores, caus¬ 
ing ringworm and other diseases of the skin and 
scalp. M. anomoe'on, Vidal’s name for a species 
causing pityriasis rosea. M. audoui^ni, sup¬ 
posed to cause alopecia areata. M. fur'fur 
causes pityriasis versicolor (discovered in 
1846 by Eichstedt). M. mentagrophy'tes causes 
the parasitic forms of sycosis. M. minutis'si- 
mum, a species found in erythrasma. M. 
sep'ticum, a microscopic form causing (accord¬ 
ing to Klebs and others) pyaemia and sep¬ 
ticemia. — mi'cro-stat, an apparatus for locat¬ 
ing an object under a microscope.— mi-cro- 
steth'o-phone, mi-cro-steth'o-scope, forms of 
stethoscopes which increase the sounds to be 
heard.— mi-cro-sthen'ic, possessing small muscu¬ 
lar power.— mi-cro-sto'mi a, abnormal congeni¬ 
tal smallness of the mouth, Ankylocheilia ; 
stenochoria. — mi-cro-theTous, covered with 


MICROCOCCUS 


MICROCOCCUS 


nippleslike protuberances.— mi'cro-therm, an or¬ 
ganism capable of living at a very low temper¬ 
ature.— mi-cro'ti a, abnormal congenital small¬ 
ness of the external ear.— mi'cro-tome, an in¬ 
strument used for cutting very thin slices, for 



Sliding Microtome. 


use in microscopic study. Among the various 
forms in use are the Automatic, Freezing, Hand, 
Rocking, Sliding, Well, etc. Macrotome. 
tmi-cro-tom'ic. mi-crot'o-my.— mi-cro-trich'i a, 
extraordinary fineness of the hair. — mi-crot'ro- 
phy, mi-cro-tro'phi a, scanty or defective nourish¬ 
ment. — mi-cro=u'nit, a unit for small measure¬ 
ments. Micromillimetre. — mi'cro-volt, the 

millionth part of a volt. — mi-crox'y-cyte, mi- 



Rocking Microtome. 


crox'y-phile, a cell containing fine granules, de¬ 
scribed by Durham as occurring in peritonitis.— 
mi-cro-zo'on, pi. -zo'a, a group of aquatic ani- 
malculae, including the Infusoria, Rotifera, etc. 
[1[ De Blainville.] — mi'cro-zyme, a ferment*pro- 
ducing micro=organism. tnii“Cro-zy'ma-tous. 

Micrococ'cus, pi. -coc'ci. A genus of Schizomy- 
CETES (or bacteria), of many species, some of 
which are pathogenic, in which the organisms are 
round or slightly oval, chiefly non=motile, at 
times chromogenic, bodies, measuring from 0.5 to 
a//. Classified according to their mode of divi¬ 
sion, there are the Streptococcus, where the cell 
divides in one axis and forms chains; the Staph¬ 
ylococcus, where the cell divides irregularly, 
forming clusters; the Tetrad, where division 
takes place in two axes at right angles the one to 
the other; the Diplococcus, where the cocci 
show a tendency to remain united in pairs; and 


the Sarcina, which divides in three axes at right 
angles to one another, forming diceslike bodies. 
Much confusion exists in the nomenclature of 
Micrococ'cus, the claim of the discoverer of a new 
species often not being afterward substantiated 
or the organism becoming differently named by 
various observers. M. a'cidi lac'tici, a species 
found in fresh milk, and producing lacticsaeid 
fermentation. M. a'cidi lac'tis liquefa'ciens, a 
species found in cheesy butter. M. aerog'enes, a 
species found in the alimentary canal, generating 
gas in the presence of carbohydrates. M. a'gilis, a 
motile species found in drinking water, producing 
a rose=colored pigment. There are also an al'bus 
and a cit'reus form. M. al'bus liquefa'ciens, a 
species found in the healthy nasal cavity. M. 
amylov'orus, found in saccharine solutions, pro¬ 
ducing fermentation: possibly causes pear and 
apple blight. M. aqua'tilis, found in water. M. 
ascofor'mans, a species found in the pelvic 
connective^tissue growths (mycodesmoids) of 
the horse, Botryomyces. M. auranti'acus 
= Pediococcus aurantiacus. M. au'reus = 
Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus. M. bi'- 
color, found in tap=water and gastric contents. 
M. bis'krae = Staphylococcus biskr^. M. bot- 
ryo'genus. i. = M. ascoformans. 2. Bacil'lus 
e'qui. Botryomycosis. M. can'dicans, a 
saprophyte found in water, in air, and in the 
secretions of the respiratory tract: a frequent 
impurity on gelatin plates. M. capillo'rum, found 
in the scalp: said to change the color of the hair. 
M. capri'nus, k^Takosis. M. car'neus, found in 
aqueduct water: causes a deep^red pigment, like 
raw meat. M. catarrha'lis of Seifert, a non=li- 
quefyingaerobic (facultativeanaerobe), non^chro- 
mogenic coccus, causing an influenza*like affec¬ 
tion and much confusion in differentiating owing 
to its resemblance to various other forms of cocci, 
as the PNEUMOCOCCUS. M. cerasi'nus sic'cus, 
found in water: produces a dull cherry^red pig¬ 
ment. M. chlori'nus, a species forming a yellow- 
ishsgreen pigment. M. cinnaba'reus = strepto¬ 
coccus cinnabareus. M. cit'reus, found in 
water: produces a dirty lightsyellow pigment. M. 
cit'reus conglomera'tus = Neisseria citrea. M. 
concen'tricus, found in aqueduct water. M. cor- 
ona'tus, found in air and smegma. M. cremoi'des, 
a species found in aqueduct water, producing a 
creamscolored pigment. M. crepus'culum, a spe¬ 
cies found in putrefying liquids. M. cumula'tus 
ten'uis, a species found in the mucus of the nose: 
nonspathogenic. M. cya'neus, a species forming 
a cobalt=blue pigment. M. dif'fluens, a species 
found in dust and faeces: it is saprophytic. M. 
endocardit'idis ruga'tus, a species found by 
Weichselbaum in the vegetations of ulcerative 
endocarditis: produces endocarditis in dogs. M. 
erysipel'atis, -tos = Streptococcus pyogenes. 
M. fervido'sus, a species found in water: forms 
large gas^bubbles in glycerinsjelly. M. fick'i, 
a species found in the conjunctival sac. M. 
fla'vus conjuncti'vae, a species found on the 
normal human conjunctiva: produces tempo¬ 
rary grayish infiltration on the cornea of rab¬ 
bits. M. fla'vus des'idens = Streptococcus 
DES iDENS. M. fla'vus liquefa'cieus, found in 
air, water, and the respiratory tract: produces 
a yellow pigment. M. fla'vus tardig'radus, a 
species found in air and water: produces a chrome* 
yellow pigment. M. foe'tidus, a species found in 
carious teeth by Rosenbach, and in the nasophar- 






















MICROCOCCUS 


568 


MIDDLE 


ynx by Klamann: cultures develop a fetid odor 
like that of ozaena. M. of fowl cholera = Bacil¬ 
lus cuNicuLiciDus. M. fus'cus, a species found 
in water. M. gelatino'sus, a species found in milk, 
which it coagulates. M. gingi'vae pyog'enes, a 
species found in the buccal cavity. M. gono- 
coc'cus (gonorrhoe'ae) = gonococcus. M. haema- 
to'des, a species forming red zodgloeic masses 
and said to cause red sweat. M. hey'denreichi, 
found in tropical ulcers. M. imperato'ris. [11 M. 
H. ’o6.] M. intertri'ginis, found in erythema 
intertrigo. M. intracellula'ris meningi'tidis = 
Diplococcus intracellularis meningitidis. 
M. lanceola'tus = PNEUMOCOCCUS. M. liquefa'- 
ciens conjuncti'vae, a species found in the 
healthy human conjunctiva: produces slight 
transient opacity and vascularization of the 
cornea in rabbits. M. loewenber'gi, a species 
found in the secretion of ozaena; its cultures, 
which emit a putrefactive odor, produce a 
virulent inflammation in mice and rabbits. 
M. lu'picus, found in air. M. lu'teus, a species, 
bred on boiled eggs or potatoes, found in 
water, soil, and room*dust: forms a yellow pig¬ 
ment. M. man'fredi, a coccus of progressive 
granuloma formation. M. of mastitis in the cow, 
a species found in the mixed milk and pus of the 
affected glands in mastitis of cows: pathogenic 
only for cows: sours milk. M. masto'bius, a 
species found by Nocard in the milk and oede- 
matous fluid of sheep affected with a specific 
gangrenous mastitis: other animals are immune, 
except rabbits, in which an abscess is produced. 
M. meliten'sis, the very small flagellated and 
slowly growing species causing Malta fever; 
found especially in the spleen and in the urine 
in io% of cases examined: does not stain by 
Gram’s method. M. meningit'idis cerebro- 
spina'lis = Diplococcus intracellularis men¬ 
ingitidis. M. mich'eli, described as found 
in trachoma. M. nasa'lis, a species found in the 
nasopharynx; it is non*pathogenic. M. neofor'- 
mans, discovered by Doyen in 1885 in tumors. 
Vaccines of various strength are prepared from 
old cultures of the organism for immunization 
and as a curative agent in cancer. [If J. A.M. 
A. j. ’07.] M. nitri'ficans, a species found in soil; 
converts ammoniacal substances into nitrates. 
M. ochroleu'cus = Streptococcus ochroleu- 
cus. M. of osteomyelitis, a species found in the 
pus of osteomyelitic foci: injected into an animal 
with fracture, produces swelling of broken bone, 
purulent discharge, and death. M. ova'tus = 
Nosema bombycis. M. pasteu'ri, a species found 
by Sternberg in saliva. M. pflii'geri, a species 
found in potatoes, boiled albumin, and phosphor¬ 
escent meat. M. phospho'reus, a phophorescent 
coccus found in decaying meat. M. plumo'sus, a 
species found in water. M. of pneumonia of cat¬ 
tle = Streptococcus WEissi. M. pneum'oniae 
croupo'sae = pneumococcus. M. porcello'rum, 
a species found in hogs affected with hepatitis: 
inoculations are fatal to hogs, mice, and rabbits. 
M. prodigio'sus = Bacillus prodigiosus. M. 
of progressive lymphoma, a species found in the 
sputum of pneumonia following measles: inocu¬ 
lations produce fatal disease in mice, rabbits, and 
hogs. M. pyog'enes = Staphylococcus pyoge¬ 
nes albus. M. pyog'enes au'reus = Staphylo¬ 
coccus PYOGENES AUREUS. M. pyog'enes ten'- 
uis, a species found in abscesses by Rosenbach 
in 1884. M. radia'tus, a species found in air and 


water. M. restit'uens, a species which changes 
the peptone of gastric digestion into albumin. 
M. rosenbach'i, a species found in the pus of ab¬ 
scesses. M. rosetta'ceus, a species found in aque¬ 
duct water. M. ro'seus, a species found in air and 
in the sputum during an epidemic of influenza: 
produces a rose*colored pigment. M. saliva'rius 
sep'ticus, found in patients with puerperal septi¬ 
caemia: produces fatal nonsinflammatory disease 
in mice, guinea-pigs, and rabbits. M. sialosep'- 
ticus = M. sALivARius SEPTicus. M. tetrag'enus, 
an encapsulated tetrad schizomycete parasitic in 
the mouth: found in phthisical sputum, abscesses 
of the gums, cavities of the lungs in pulmonary 
tuberculosis; pathogenic only for white mice and 
guinea-pigs. M. tetrag'enus mo'bilis ventric'uli, 
a species found in the stomach: old cultures 
emit a fecal odor. M. tetrag'enus subfla'vus, a 
species found in healthy nasal mucus: agar-cul¬ 
tures produce a yellow-brown color. M. tetrag'- 
nus, a species found in vesicles and pustules of 
smallpox: produces vaccinia in calves. M. theca'- 
alis, found in Landry’s paralysis. M. ul'ceris 
mol'lis, found in sores on the aim produced by 
inoculation with the virus of chancroid. M. ure'ae 
= Streptococcus ure.^;. M. ure'ae liquefa'- 
ciens, M. uri'nae al'bus, M. uri'nae fla'vus, M. 
uri'nae ma'jor, and M. urinal'bus have been de¬ 
scribed as occurring in the urine. M. versic'olor, 
a species found in air and water: produces a 
yellowish-green, iridescent pigment. M. viniper'- 
dus, found in wine. M. viola'ceus, a species 
forming a violet pigment. M. visco'sus = Strep¬ 
tococcus FERMENTi. M. viticulo'sus, a species 
found in air and water. 

mic'tio involunta'ria or noctur'na. = Enuresis. 
[L.] fniic'tion, the act of passing water; mictu¬ 
rition. 

mic-to-cys'tis. A pouch or sac made up of different 
tissues. [< jJiiKTOQ mixed -|- Ki’ang bag.] 

mic-to-py'ous. Mixed with pus. [< /uikt 6 ^ mixed 
+ TTVOV pus.] 

mic-tu-ri'tion. The act of making water. M. centre, 
a centre in the lumbar region of the spinal cord 
governing the sphincter vesica. [< L, miciu- 
rire to desire to make water.] 

mid-. A prefix denoting “middle,” sometimes 
“ with.” It corresponds to the Latin medi- and 
MEDIO- and the Greek meso-. [A. S.] 

mid'bod-y. The collection of granules found at the 
equator of a cell undergoing karyokinesis ; 
“ Zwischenkorper ” (Ger.). 

mid'brain. = Mesencephalon*. 

mid'dle. Median ; intermediate; central; wediMs*. 
M. cerebral artery, one of the branches of the in¬ 
ternal carotid, passing outward to the sylvian fis¬ 
sure and supplying the frontal, parietal, and 
temporosphenoidal lobes, the island of Reil, and 
the basal ganglia; arteria cerebri media*. M. 
cervical ganglion, a ganglion of the sympathetic 
system, lying in the neighborhood of the inferior 
thyroid artery, about the level of the sixth cer¬ 
vical vertebra; ganglion cervicale medium*. M. 
clinoid process, clinoid process. M. coat = 
TUNICA MEDIA*. M. COmmisSUre = COMMISSURA 
MEDIA. M. cranial fossa, cra*nial foss^. M. 
ear, the mastoid cells, eustachian tube, and tym¬ 
panum, taken together. M. finger = digitus me- 
Dius*. M. frontal convolution, frontal con¬ 
volution. M. lacerated foramen = foramen 
lacerum medium. M. mastoid artery, the super¬ 
ficial DESCENDING ARTERY. M. meatUS, t®* MEA- 


MIDFACIAL 


MILDEW 


5()9 

Tus NASI*. M. mediastinum, mediastinum*. 

M. nasal concha, the middle turbinated bone. 

M. peduncles, peduncles of the cerebel¬ 
lum. M. piece, the small body of the spermatozo¬ 
on. M. pubovesical ligament, pubovesical lig¬ 
ament. M. temporal artery, temporal artery. 

M. temporal convolution, temporal convolu¬ 
tions. M. temporal sulcus, temporal sulci. 

M. turbinated bone, turbinated bone. 
mid-fa'ci al. Pertaining to the middle of the face. 

M. height, the distance, measured on the median 
line, from the nasofrontal suture to the alveolar 
border of the superior maxillary bone, 
mid-fron'tal. = Mediofrontal. M. area, the area 
of the skull contained between two vertical lines 
drawn upward from the supra^orbital arches to 
the coronal suture. 

midge. The common name for several species of 
small gnat=like insects, occasionally feeding on 
man, but which are not truly parasitic, 
mid-grac'ile. Both median and gracile. M. sulcus, 
the middle gracile sulcus of the cerebellum, 
mid'gut. =Mesogaster. 
mid'head. =Centriciput. 
mid-kid'ney. = Mesonephros. 
mid-lay'er. = Mesoderm. 

mid-oc-cip'i-tal. = Mediosoccipital. M. fissure 

= OCCIPITAL FISSURE, def. I. 

mid-or'bi-tal. Relating to the middle of the orbit, 

as M. /i 5 SWr^ = ORBITAL FISSURE. 

mid-par'ent. A term applied by Galton to the sum 
of the visible features of the parent, plus the sum 
of its latent potencies. 

mid'ral. = Mydral. 

mid'riff. = Diaphragm. [< A. S. mid middle + 
hr if belly.] 

mid-sec'tion. Section through the middle of a part, 
as in opening the kidney at a postmortem, 
mid-ster'num. = Mesosternum. 
mid'wife, pi. -wives. A woman who delivers women 
with child for a compensation, but who does not 
profess to have the knowledge of a physician; ac¬ 
coucheuse (F.). [< A. S. mid with + wf/woman 

or wife.] tmid'wife-ry = obstetrics, as M. for¬ 
ceps = obstetric FORCEPS, 
miel de mercuriale. Mercurialis annua. [F.] 
Miesche'ria. A genus of Sporozo'a found in the 
muscles of various animals, as the mouse, pig, 
deer, sheep, etc. Miescher’s tubes ; Sar- 

COCYSTIS MIESCHERI. 

Miescher’s (MieschersFleischl) haemoglobinometer 

(mi'sherz). A modification of Fleischl’s instru¬ 
ment of much greater accuracy. c^Fleischl* 
Miescher’s h^moglobinometer. M.*s tubes, 
tubules, or cylinders, cylindrical or tubular 
masses found in the muscles of various domestic 
animals, as the ox, pig, sheep, and mouse; due 
to infestation with Miescheri^e, Sarcocystis 
MIESCHERI, etc. They are encased in a distinct 
cuticle and on maturity break up into a series of 
spores. ^ PsoROSPERMiA; Rainey’s corpus¬ 
cles; Sarcosporidia. 

mi-grain-a'tor. An instrument for the relief of mi¬ 
graine by compressing the temporal arteries and 
regulating the circulation in the head, 
mi'graine. A kind of sick headache of a periodical 
character, recurring at intervals of a few hours or 
days or weeks, and sometimes affecting one side 
only near the eye or temple (hemicrania); me¬ 
grim. It is often accompanied by nausea and 
visual disturbances {ophthalmic m.), as dimness 
of vision, paralysis of the eye*muscles {ophthal¬ 


moplegic m.), amblyopia, etc. Among the excit- 
ing causes of migraine are eye=strain from un¬ 
corrected ocular defect, overwork, impure air, 
sexual excesses, impoverished nutrition, , etc. 
[F., fr. L. hemicrania.] mi-grain'ic, as M. psy¬ 
choses. mi-grain'ous. 

mi-grain'in. A proprietary preparation of antipy- 
rine, 85 parts-, caffeine, 9 parts; and citric acid, 

6 parts. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
mi-gra'tion. The passage or flight from one coun¬ 
try, or part, to another. M. of the leucocytes, 
the passage of leucocytes through the walls of 
blood=vessels. It takes place normally, but is 
increased in inflammation. r5“DiAPEDESis. M. of 
the ovum, the passage of the ovum from the 
ovary to the fallopian tube. It is known as 
external m., when the ovum passes from the right 
ovary through the ostium of the left oviduct, or 
vice versa, and as internal m., when the ovum, 
after reaching the uterus, passes into the oviduct 
of the opposite side. M. of segments, ts- meta- 
KiNESis; KARYOKiNESis. [<L. migra'tio, fr. mi- 
gra're to wander.] fnai'gra-ting, as M. abscess 
= TUBERCULOUS ABSCESS! M. = FLOATING 

kidney: and M. phlebitis, a form of syphilitic 
phlebitis in the superficial veins forming nodes, 
mi'gra-to-ry, passing habitually from one region 
to another, as M. cells, leucocytes, or white 
blood=corpuscles, which pass through the walls of 
blood=vessels and enter the tissues: M. neuritis 
= NEURITIS MIGRANS: M. pains, pains which fre¬ 
quently or occasionally shift from place to place: 
and M. pneumonia, wandering pneumonia. 
mig'rol. A proprietary remedy for migraine: said 
to contain caffeine, guaiacetin, and sodium bi¬ 
carbonate. 

mig'ro-sine. A proprietary headache^remedy: said 
to contain acetic ether and menthol. 

Mika'nia gua'co. A climbing composite plant of 
South America. t^GuACO. 
mi-ko'zome. A form of chlorodyne used as a 
sedative and an hypnotic, 
mi'kro-. = Micro-. 
mi'kron. = M i c RO n . 

mi-kro'nal. A proprietary compound of menthol* 
formol with tetrapyridine carbonate: used by in¬ 
halation in 1% solution. 

Mik'u-licz’s cells. Remains of cellular proto¬ 
plasm which have undergone mucoid degen¬ 
eration from the presence of the bacillus of lep¬ 
rosy. M.’s dictum, an anaesthetic should not be 
given to a patient whose haemoglobin is below 
30%. M.’s disease, a chronic, lymphatic enlarge¬ 
ment of the salivary and lachrymal glands; 
achroacytosis. [T[ O.’06.] M.’s drain, a method 
for pelvic or abdominal drainage in which a pouch 
of iodoform gauze, secured by a string, is intro¬ 
duced and then packed with further strips of 
gauze. M. injection, a preparatory intraperitoneal 
injection of a solution of nucleinic acid prior to an 
abdominal operation. Physiological salt solution, 
blood=serum, etc., may also be used. M.’s opera¬ 
tion = Wladimiroff’s operation. [< Johann 
von Mikulicz, a Polish surgeon, 1850- .] 

mil. A unit of linear measure equal to ^ inch, 
mil-am'me-ter, mil-li-am'me-ter. = Milliampere- 

METER. 

mild chloride of mercury or M. mercurous chloride. 

= HyDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE*. 

mil'dew. A parasitic disease of plants; also the 
microscopic fungus producing it. [< A. S. mele 
honey -\-dedw dew.] 


MILFOIL 


570 


MILK 


mil'foil. = Achillea millefolium, or yarrow, 
mil-i-a'ri a. An acute obstructive inflammation of 
the sweat*glands, forming small vesicles on the 
skin; miliary fever; prickly heat; suda;mina. 
It occurs especially in warm weather from exces¬ 
sive sweating. M. abba, prickly heat in which 
the contents of the vesicles have become white. 
M. angino'sa, miliaria accompanied by sore* 
throat. M. arthrit'ica, a variety associated with 
gouty or rheumatic disease of the heart. M. 
crystalli'na = sudamina. M. papulo'sa or ru'bra 
= PRICKLY HEAT. [< L. wt/'tMm millet.] 
mil'i-a-ry, mil-i-a'ri-form. Resembling a millet* 
seed; characterized by millet*like tubercles, some 
of which are of the so* 
called submiliary type. 

M. abscesses, small, 
multiple, metastatic ab¬ 
scesses, as those of the 
lung following an abor¬ 
tion. M. aneurism, an 
aneurism of a small ar¬ 
tery, especially in the 
brain, where rupture 
may cause a fatal hem¬ 
orrhage. M. carcinosis, 
i®”CARciNosis. M. fever, 
a disease, often fatal, 
of unknown origin, but 
possibly transmitted by 
field mice or their fleas, attended with eruption 
of small pimples resembling millet*seeds, and a 
polymorphous erythema generally associated with 
profuse sweating and sometimes with pyrexia; 
millet*seed rash, sweating sickness; sudor Angli- 
cus; trousse^galant (F.). The pimples, red at 
first, but afterward filled with a white, trans¬ 
parent fluid, dry up quickly and fall off in scales. 
M. gland. i. Any one of the sudoriparous glands. 
2. A stoma. M. sclerosis, sclerosis. M. syph- 
ilide, a variety of skin eruption sometimes seen 
in syphilis. M. tubercle, i . Tubercle. 2.= 
Milium. M. tuberculosis, systemic tuberculosis, 
with deposition of gray or miliary tubercles in 
the various parts affected, 
mil-i-o'lum. = Milium. 

mil'i-ta-ry fever. Typhus fever. M. medicine, 
M. surgery, the treatment of the diseases and 
wounds of soldiers, especially those incident to 
military life. M. ophthalmia, a form of trachoma 
seen especially in Egypt. 

mil'ium, pi. -ia. A disease of the skin, especially 
the eyelids, from which project non*inflamma- 
tory, sebaceous, pearly globules; miliolum; gru- 
tum; pearly tubercle, t®* Tubercle, miliary; 
COMEDO. Colloid m., a variety showing colloid 
degeneration ; hyeloma. [L., “ millet*seed.”] 
milk. I. The fluid normally secreted after child¬ 
birth by the mammary glands of the female, and 
containing everything required as a food for the 
maintenance of life; breast*milk. Colostrum. 
Human milk (lac femini'num) is an emulsion of 
fat globules suspended in a clear plasma, 1,000,000 
per Cmm., having a specific gravity of 1.028 and 
an acid reaction. It contains, besides fat glob¬ 
ules and water, caseinogen, lactoglobulin, lactose, 
hypoxanthin, cholesterin, creatin, creatinine, urea, 
salts, and various gases, as carbon dioxide, and is 
composed of about 86% water, 3% of albuminous 
substances, 5% fat, 5% sugar, and 1% salts, thus 
differing from cow’s milk in containing less pro- 
teids, less fat, less inorganic salts, and more sugar. 


is-Galacto-; LACTO-. M. abscess, an abscess of 
the female breast, occurring especially in nursing 
women. Aftersm. == afterings. M. albumin = 
LACTALBUMiN. Ass’s milk is used in tuberculosis. 
M. bath, a bath of milk given for nutritive pur¬ 
poses. M.5bearing = GALACT0PH0R0us. Bluem., 
milk changed in color and made unwholesome by 
the growth of various chromogenic organisms, as 
the Bacil'lus pyocya'neus. Buttersmilk, see vo- 
cabular place. M.scasein = casein. M.scata- 
lase, an enzyme found in cow’s milk which can 
decompose hydrogen dioxide and similar com¬ 
pounds. Certified m., a milk whose purity is 
controlled by special examinations made under 
the direction of those having no pecuniary interest 
in its sale, Milk, guaranteed. Condensed 
m., milk from which the water has been evapo¬ 
rated in vacuo, lactose added, and preserved in 
air*tight cans. M.scorpuscles, the fine globules 
of fat which are suspended in the milk*serum. 
M.scrust = CRUSTA LACTEA. M.scure, medical 
treatment by means of a milk*diet, as in dis¬ 
order,^ of nutrition. M. cyst, a cyst containing 
milk, formed by the stopping up of a galactoph- 
orous duct. M. dentition, tm- dentition. Dia¬ 
betic m., milk prepared so as to contain a small 
percentage of lactose. M.sdiet, a system of diet 
for the sick in which milk is a predominant factor. 
ts- Mitchell’s treatment. M.sduct, a gal- 
ACTOPHOROUS duct. Evaporated milk, milk pre¬ 
pared by evaporation, usually in a vacuum. 
CoNDENSED MILK. M.sfever, a fever of short 
duration accompanying or preceding the first se¬ 
cretion of milk. M.sfistula, a fistula in the breast, 
sometimes left after the opening of a milk ab¬ 
scess. Fore=m. i. The first milk taken from 
the mammae at a milking or nursing. 2. = Col¬ 
ostrum. M.sglobule, one of the small oibglobules 
found in the milk*plasma. Goat’s m. is used in 
tuberculosis, Malta fever. Guaranteed m., 
milk sold under pledge of its purity. e^Milk, 
CERTIFIED. Human m., milk, def. i. M. in¬ 
spection, examination of milk for sanitary pur¬ 
poses, the cows being tested for tuberculosis 
by tuberculin and other protective measures 
adopted. M.sknot, one of the small hard 
nodules occurring in the breast after inflamma¬ 
tion of the mamma or after suppression of its se¬ 
cretion. M.sleg = PHLEGMASI.\ ALBA DOLENS. 
Maternalized m., partially centrifugated milk to 
which lactose has been added in order to make 
it conform more closely to human milk. Modi¬ 
fied m., a preparation of cow’s milk to which 
have been added cream (or “topmilk”), whey, 
water, and lactose, in such definite proportions 
that the combination approaches the same per¬ 
centage of fats, proteids, sugar, etc., as human 
milk: used as an infants’ food. M. molar, a 
deciduous molar tooth. Pancreatized m., milk 
prepared with a pancreatic ferment. Pasteur¬ 
ized m., milk heated from 60° to 70° C. (140° 
to 158° F.) and then quickly cooled: done to 
check fermentation, e^ Pasteurization ; milk, 
STERILIZED. Peptonized m., milk prepared with 
pepsin. M.splasma, a clear fluid obtained by 
filtering milk through clay filters. Preserved 
m. I. Milk heated beyond 100® C. (212° F.) and 
placed in hermetically sealed vessels. 2. Milk 
to which boric acid, formalin, etc. has been added 
in order to increase its period of use. M.spump 
= antlia LACTEA. M.spunch, milk with brandy, 
whisky, or rum in proportion of about a table- 



Miliary Aneurisms.—A. 
Point of rupture. (Bush- 
nell.) 



MILL 


571 


MINERAL 


spoonfvil to a glass of milk, sweetened, agitated, 
and flavored with nutmeg. Residual m. == 
APTERINGS. M. scall = PORRIGO LARVALIS. M.a 
serum = WHEY. M.ssickness, an endemic dis¬ 
ease formerly common in the Western United 
States but now nearly extinct. When affecting 
cattle and other animals, it is known as trembles 
and is supposed to be due to aluminum phos¬ 
phate ingested with the food, and to the spore* 
forming Bacil'lus laciimor'bi. M.ssinus == ampul¬ 
la LACTiFERA. Skimmed m., milk which after 
standing has had all but about 0.3% of the fat 
removed from it. Standard milk, milk of a given 
quality, as that containing 4% buttersfat. Steri¬ 
lized m., milk heated to a temperature of 120° C. 
(248° F.) so as to destroy all living organisms 
present. As this is not ordinarily practicable, 
the milk may be boiled in the nursing bottle for 
three*quarters of an hour. Milk thus treated 
differs in composition from unboiled milk. M.s 
stone, a hard concretion resulting from the reten¬ 
tion of milk in the breast. M.ssugar, lactose. 
M.steeth, the first or temporary teeth, Den¬ 
tition. M.stester = lactometer. M.sthrush = 
APHTHA. M.stumor, a swelling of the mammary 
gland caused by the retention of milk. M. tyro- 
toxicon, an organic toxic alkaloid found in bad 
milk and milk products. Uterine m., uterine. 
Witches’ m. = hexenmilch. 2. A liquid resem¬ 
bling milk, as certain medicinal mixtures; the 
white juice from various plants; a milky white¬ 
ness of a part, Emulsion; emulsum. M. of 
almond = emulsum amygdala*. M. of asafoe- 

tida = EMULSUM ASAFCETID^*. M. blotch == POR¬ 
RIGO LARVALIS. M. of lime = Liquor CALcis. M. 
of magnesia =^magma magnesia. M.sridge, a lin¬ 
ear thickening of the ectoblast in the mammalian 
embryo along which the breasts develop, Poly¬ 
mastia. M.sscab. I. = Crusta lactea. 2. = 
PORRIGO LARVALIS. M.=SCrOtUm = LYMPH*SCRO- 
TUM. M.=spots, opaque spots on the pericardium, 
most often found in persons past middle life, 
though they may be congenital, and due to a 
hyperplastic process, especially of a mechanical 
nature; maculae tendineae. M.=stream, a raised 
line of epithelium in the abdominal and thoracic 
regions of the mammalian embryo. Polymas¬ 
tia. M. of sulphur = SULPHUR PR^CIPITATUM*. 
Vegetable m., the juice from various plants, as So'- 
ja his'pada, etc. Virgin’s m., rice*water rendered 
milky by the addition of benzoin. M.sweed = 

AsCLEPIAS CORNUTI. M.sWOrt = POLYGALA. [< 

A. S. meolc milk.] as Ms.’ cramp, an 

occupation neurosis affecting the hands of milkers. 
i^Writers’ CRAMP, milk'ing. milk'y, as M. ca/a- 
7 'ac/ = FLUID cataract: M. = leukopla¬ 
kia: and M. urine, as that in filariasis. 
mill. An instrument for grinding drugs. 

Mil'lar’s asthma. = Laryngismus stridulus. 
mil'le. A thousand; abbr. m. [L.] 
mil'lers’ lung. A form of pneumokoniosis. 
mil'letsseed rash. = Miliary fever. 
mU'li-am-pere. The strength of an electric current 
equal to one*thousandth of an ampere (a unit for 
therapeutical electricity); abbr. ma. [F.] 
miPli-am-pfere'me-ter. A meter for measuring elec¬ 
tric currents in milliamp^res. [F.] 
mil'li-cu-rie. Curie. 

mil'li-gramme, -gram. A metric weight, the one* 
thousandth part of a gramme, equal to 0.015 or 
of a grain Troy; abbr. mg. [< mil'le thou¬ 
sand + gramme.] 


miFli-li-tre. A metric measure of capacity, the 
one*thousandth part of a litre, equal to 16.23 
U. S. minims. [< L. mil'le thousand -t- litre.] 
mil'li-me-tre. A metric measure, the one*thou- 
sandth of a metre, equal to 0.0394 or of an 
English inch. [< L. mil'le thousand - 1 - metre.] 
mil-li-mi'cron. = Micromillimetre. 
mil-li-nor'mal. Having the strength of one*thou- 
sandth of the normal, as of a volumetric solution. 
Millon’s reagent (mi-ydhz). A solution of equal 
volumes of mercury and concentrated nitric acid, 
afterward diluted with two volumes of water: 
used as a test for proteids and derivatives of 
benzene and naphthalene, with which, when 
heated, it gives a brick*red precipitate. [Auguste 
N. E. Millon, a French chemist, 1812-1867.] 
Mill’s disease. Progressive hemiplegia of an as¬ 
cending type. 

milPstonesgrin'ders’ phthisis. Grinders’ dis¬ 
ease. 

mi-los'sine. A colorless, crystalline substance from 
the leaves of the European yew. Tax'us bacca'ta. 
mil-pho'sis, mil'phae. Falling off of the hair of the 
eyebrows. [< 

Mil'roy’s disease. Hereditary oedema of the legs. 
[ 1 ] N. Y.M.J. ij.’92.] 

milt. I. = Spleen. [< A. S. mite the spleen.] 
2. The soft roe of fishes. [A corruption of milk.] 
tM.Hike, a term applied to medullary cancer, 
milt'waste. — Asplenium. 

Milzbrand (mflts'brant). = Anthrax. [Ger.] 

mi-me'sis, mim'e-tism, mim'i-cry. The assump¬ 
tion by a disease of symptoms which are charac¬ 
teristic of another disease; hysterical imitation 
of symptoms; imitation. [<. fnii- 

met'ic, mim'ic, as M. aneurism = phaj^tou an¬ 
eurism: M. convulsion, convulsion of the facial 
muscles: M. labor, false labor: M. paralysis— 
Bell’s paralysis: and M. pregnancy — vs'b.v'do- 
CYEsis. mim'i-cism, mimicry as a symptom of 
insanity. 

mim-ma'tion. Frequent sounding of the letter m 
in speech in places where it does not belong. 
Mimo'sa. A genus of leguminous plants, 
mim-o-tan'nic acid. A kind of tannic acid occur¬ 
ring in Mimo'sa, Aca'cia, and similar plants. 
Mim'usops. A genus of trees belonging to the 
star*apple family. 

Min. Abbr. for minim. 

minc'ture. Micturition act of urinating. [< L. 

minctu'ra.] fminc-tu'ri-en-cy, desire to urinate, 
mind. The faculty by which we think. M.sblind- 
ness, blindness due to some brain*lesion. M.* 
cure, the cure, or attempted cure, of disease 
through influences addressed to the mind and 
without the use of medicines, tar Christian 
Science; worcesterism. M.sdeafness, deafness 
due, not to any ear*defect, but to some lesion of 
the brain; psychical deafness. M.spain = psy¬ 
ch algi a. M.sreading, the art of reading an¬ 

other’s thoughts, ts^ Telepathy. [< A. S.] 
Minderer’s or Mindererus’s spirit (mfn'd^-r^rz, mfn- 
df-n'rus-fz). = Liquor ammonii acetatis*. 
[< Raymond Minderer or Mindererus, d. 1621.] 
min'e-ral. i. Any homogeneous inorganic sub¬ 
stance found in or on the earth. 2. Relating to 
such a substance. M. acids, a name which in¬ 
cludes hydrochloric, sulphuric, and nitric acids. 
M. alkali, a metallic oxide capable of restoring 
the blue color of reddened litmus. M. caout¬ 
chouc, a bituminous substance resembling india* 
rubber, found in Australia, and in Derbyshire, 


MINERS’ ANiEMIA 


MISERERE ' MEI 


5 

England. M. chemistry, chemistry. M. gum 
= SOLUBLE GLASS. M. oil, petroleum. M. pitch, 
a species of solid bitumen. M. salt, a salt of a 
mineral acid. M. turpentine, a substance ob¬ 
tained from coaboil, and used in painting as a 
substitute for turpentine. It is the same as rec¬ 
tified benzine. Turpeth m. = hydrargyri sub¬ 
sulphas FLAvus. M. waters, a term convention¬ 
ally applied to such waters as are distinguished 
from spring, lake, river, and other waters by pe¬ 
culiarities of color, taste, smell, or real or sup¬ 
posed medicinal effects. Mineral waters are of 
four principal kinds: Acidulous, owing their 
tonic and diuretic properties chiefly to carbonic 
acid, and in large doses producing a transient 
exhilaration; Chalybeate, containing iron in the 
form of sulphate, carbonate, or chloride, and hav¬ 
ing a styptic, disagreeable taste; Saline, mostly 
purgative, and advantageously employed in those 
visceral diseases which require continued and 
moderate relaxation of the bowels; Sulphurous, 
deriving their character from hydrogen sulphide, 
fmin'e-ral-i-za'tion. min-e-ral'o-gy. 
mi'ners’ anaemia. = Ankylostomiasis. Ms.’ 
asthma = ANTHRAcosis. Ms.’ cachexia or chlo- 
rosis = ANKYLOSTOMIASIS. Ms.’ disease, pulmon¬ 
ary phthisis affecting miners, and caused by the 
inhalation of fine particles of coal or other min¬ 
eral. Ms.’ elbow, a chronic enlargement of the 
bursa over the olecranon caused by the recum¬ 
bent position of those who work in low=roofed 
mines. Ms.’ lung, anthracosis of the lung in 
coabminers,. Ms.’ nystagmus, a form of nystag¬ 
mus acquired by miners, and believed to be caused 
by the dimness of the light in which they work 
and by the semirecumbent position which they 
assume. Ms.’ phthisis = Ms.’ disease. Ms.’ 
sickness = ankylostomiasis. 
min’im. The sixtieth part of a fluidrachm, almost 
equivalent to a drop of water, which is often used 
as synonymous with it; symbol, M or 11^; abbrs., 
m. and min. M. pipiette, a pipette made to hold 
or measure minims. [< L. min'irnus smallest.] 
tmi-nim'e-ter, a device for measuring minims, 
min'i-mum. i. The smallest amount; the lowest 
limit; abbr., m. 2. Of the smallest amount; 
least. M. audib'ile, the slightest sound capable 
of being heard. M. deviation, the smallest devi¬ 
ation of a lightsray that a given prism can pro¬ 
duce. M. dose, the smallest dose of a medicine 
which will produce an effect. M. perceptib'ile, 
the least amount of a substance capable of im¬ 
parting odor to a litre of air. M. sensib'ile, the 
point at which consciousness begins, Thresh¬ 
old. M. thermometer, [^thermometer, self* 
REGISTERING. M. visib'ile, the smallest object 
perceptible to the naked eye. 3. = Minim. 
[L., neuter of min'irnus least.] tmin'i-mal. 
min'i-mus. The fifth or smallest digit of the foot 
or hand. [L.] 

min'in ray. A form of blue (but not ultraviolet) 
light: used for some skin diseases, 
min'ium. = Lead tetroxide. M. graeco'rum 
(pu'rum) = CINNABAR. [t R. ’05.] 
mi'nor operations or surgery. The smaller opera¬ 
tions in surgery, such as bandaging and dressing, 
the use of the catheter, etc. 
mi-no-ra'tion. Mild purgation, without pain, by 
means of laxatives or minoratives. [< L. minor 
less.] fnii^no-ra-tive. i. Gently aperient. 2. A 
mild laxative medicine, 
min-stra'. An Italian cordial. 


o 

mint. The common name for the genus Mentha. 
r^SoDAMiNT. M. camphor = MENTHOL. M. tea. 
a domestic hot drink for invalids prepared from 
Mentha viridis. 

mi-nute' anatomy. = Histology. M. lesion = 

MICROSCOPIC LESION. 

mi-nu'tum. A minute or sixty seconds. [L.] 
mi-o-car'di a. The contraction and consequent 
diminution in size of the heart during systole. 
[< fieiov less -f Kapdla heart.] 
mi'o-ca-tan'tis. A skull in which the line joining 
the STAPHYLiON and the hormion makes an angle 
with the RADIUS Fixus of from 23° to 43°. [< 

fietuv less + KardvTT/g downward.] 
mi-od'y-mus, mi-o-did'y-mus. A monstrosity with 
two heads united by the occiputs. [< peiov less 
+ (Yidvjioq twin.] 

mi-o-pra'gi a. i. Limited functional activity. 2. 
Diminution in the calibre of blood=vessels. • [< 
fieiov less -|- TTfjdaae/v to perform.] 
mi'o-pus. A double monster with the heads fused 
into one and bearing two faces, one of them per¬ 
fect, the other very rudimentary or represented 
only by an eye or an ear. [< pehov less -f wi/; eye.] 
mi-o'sis. =Mysis. 

mir'bane, essence or oil of. = Nitrobenzole. 
mire (m^r). A reflector in the ophthalmometer. 

[F., fr. L. mira'ri to admire.] 
mir-in-gi'tis. = Myringitis. 

mir'ror. A plate of glass upon the back of which 
silver or other metal or an amalgam of mercury 
has been deposited, or a piece of polished metal 
capable of reflecting the images of objects; 
speculum. The surface may be either plane, 
concave, or convex. Mirrors are important parts 
of many instruments of precision used in medi¬ 
cine, as the microscope, laryngoscope, ophthalmo¬ 
scope, etc. Speculum. Ear m., [^otoscope. 
Eye m., [^ophthalmoscope. Frontal m. = 
HEAD=MiRROR. Laryngeal m. = laryngoscopic 
M. M.sspeech, the articulation of words back¬ 
wards, or reversing of the last and first syllable 
of a word. M. sphygmograph, a sphygmograph 
so constructed with a mirror as to place no weight 
upon the vessel during the making of a tracing. 
M.=writing, writing from right to left, like the re¬ 
flection of ordinary chirography in a mirror; 
made, occasionally, by patients suffering from 
some nervous trouble, though leftshanded persons 
naturally assume this style of penmanship. An 
interesting experiment is to attempt to write 
with both hands at once in opposite directions. 
[< F. miroir, fr. L. mira'ri to admire.] 
mir-y-ach'it. A nervous disease, local in Siberia, 
etc., marked by infirmity of the will and by imi¬ 
tative and spasmodic acts. [^Jumpers. [Russ.] 
mis-an'thro-py. Hatred of mankind or society: 
seen in hypochondria and other nervous disorders. 
[ < iilaoQ hatred -f dvOpuirog man.] fj^is'an-thrope. 
mis-car'riage. i. The birth of a non*viable foetus. 

2. = Abortion, tniis-car'ry. 
misce. Mix: written after the ingredients of a pre¬ 
scription as an instruction to the phaririacist;. 
abbr. m. [L., imperative of misce're to mix.] 
mis'ce-gen-a'tion. A mixture or interbreeding of 
races, as of the negro and the white race, 
mis-ci-bil'i-ty. Capability of being mixed. [< L., 
misce're to mix.] fmis'ci-ble. 
mis-e-mis'sion. Faulty emission of the semen, 
misere're me'i. A name for acute intestinal ob¬ 
struction because of its torments; iliac passion.. 

Ileus. [L., “ have mercy on me.”] 


MISERY 


573 


MISTURA 


mis'er-y. Colic; pain of mind or body: a term fre¬ 
quently used by American negroes, 
mis-lac-ta'tion. A defective or vitiated condition 
of milk; galactia. 

mis-men-stru-a'tion. = Paramenia. 
mis'mic-tu-ri'tion. =Paruria. 
mis'o-. Denoting hatred, aversion, or dislike: a 
combining form. [< hatred.] mis-o-cai'- 

ni a, the deep*rooted inclination of mankind to 
combat new ideas'. Lombroso’s misoneism. mi- 
sog'a-my, morbid aversion to marriage. 
sog'a-mist. mi-sog'a-mous. — mi-sog'y-ny, mor¬ 
bid aversion to women, fnii-sog'y-nist. aii-sog'- 
y-nous. — mis-o-lo'gi a, morbid aversion to intel¬ 
lectual matters or pursuits.— mis-o-ma'ni a, a 
ihorbid belief that one is the object of hatred 
and persecution.— mis-o-ne'ism, -ne-is'mus, a 
term applied by Lombroso to the deep-rooted 
propensity to oppose new ideas; misocainia. 
tmis-o-ne'ist. — mis-o-pas'di a, hatred of one’s 
own offspring: characteristic of some forms of 
melancholia and insanity.— mis-o-psy'chi a, ha¬ 
tred or weariness of life; melancholy, with dis¬ 
gust of life.— mis-o-zoi'a, hatred or disgust of life, 
mis-os'si-fi-ca'tion. = Parostia. 
mis-place'ment. = Ectopia; displacement, 
missed abortion. Retention of a dead ovum in the 
womb. M. labor, labor in which the normal 
processes cease and the dead foetus is retained, 
mis'sio san'guinis. = Bloodletting. [L.] 

Mist. Abbr. for mistura. 

mis-ta'ken identity. In law, the erroneous identity 
of one person or corpse for another, owing to simi¬ 
larity of appearance. Bertillon’s system. 
mistletoe (mfs'l-to). A parasitical shrub. Vis' cum 
al'bum, growing on the branches of many kinds of 
trees. The powdered leaves have been used in 
epilepsy, menorrhagia, etc., but in overdoses may 
cause toxic symptoms or even death. Dose, 0.64 
to 3 Gm. (10 to 45 grs.). 

mis'tral. A cold, northwest wind, sometimes felt 
along the Mediterranean shores: it has a marked 
depressing effect upon invalids, 
mis-tu'ra, pi. -rw. A fluid composed of two or 
more ingredients, usually containing substances 
more or less insoluble, suspended in an aqueous 
vehicle; a mixture; abbrs. m. and mist. M. 
aca'ciae (N. F.), acacia and sugar, 7.5 Gm. each, 
with water added to make 100 Cc.: demulcent 
and vehicle. M. adstrin'gens et escharot'ica, the 
N. F. name for Villate’s solution, composed of 
copper sulphate and zinc sulphate, 6.5 Gm. each: 
liquor plumbi subacetatis, 10 Cc.; and dilute 
acetic acid to make 100 Cc.: escharotic and 
astringent. M. ammoni'aci = emulsum ammoni- 
Aci. M. ammo'nii chlo'ridi (N. F.), ammonium 
chloride and purified extract of glycyrrhiza, 2.5 
Gm. each, and water to make 100 Cc.: expectorant. 
Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). M. amyg'dalae = emulsum 
amygd.al^*. M. antidysenter'ica = M. camphors 
A ciDA. M. asafoe'tidae = emulsum asafcetid^. 
M. cam'phorae a'cida, the N. F. name for Hope’s 
m. or M. antidysenterica, composed of nitric acid, 
1.75 Gm.; tincture of opium, 1.2 Gm.; and cam¬ 
phor water to make 100 Cc.: astringent and 
sedative. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). M. cam'phorae 
aroma'ticaj the N. F. name for Parrish’s camphor 
mixture, composed of sugar, 3.5 Gm.; compound 
tincture of lavender, 25 Gm.; and camphor water 
to make 100 Cc.: astringent, aromatic, carmina¬ 
tive, sedative. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). M. car- 
minati'va, the N. F. name for Dalby’s carmina¬ 


tive, composed of magnesium carbonate, potas¬ 
sium carbonate, oils of peppermint, fennel, and 
caraway, and 0.065 Gm. (i gr.) opium to 30 Cc. 
(i fl. oz.). Dose for infants, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). 
M. chlo'rali et potas'sii bro'midi compos'ita (N.F.), 
containing in 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.) about 0.8 Gm. 
(12 grs.) each of hydrated chloral and potassium 
bromide and 0.008 Gm. gr.) each of the ex¬ 
tracts of cannabis indica and hyoscyamus: anal¬ 
gesic, hypnotic, sedative. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). 

M. chlorofor'mi = emulsum chloroformi*. M. 
chlorofor'mi et can'nabis in'dicae compos'ita, the 

N. F. mame for chloroform anodyne, containing in 
4 Cc. (i fl. dr.) about 0.5 Cc. (7^ mins.) chloro¬ 
form, 0.75 Cc. (ii mins.) tincture of cannabis 
indica, 0.123 Cc. (2 mins.) tincture of capsicum, 
and 0.009 Gm.(y gr.) morphine sulphate: anodyne, 
hypnotic, and antispasmodic. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 
mins. ). M. con'tra diarrhoe'am, the N. F. name 
for diarrhoea or cholera m., containing 2.5 Cc. 
(40 mins..) each of the tinctures of capsicum and 
rhubarb and 5 Cc. (80 mins.) each of alcohol, of 
the spirits of camphor and peppermint, and of the 
tincture of opium; the “Sun cholera mixture.” 
Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). Other similar prepara¬ 
tions more or less in use are Loomis’s, Squibb’s, 
Thielmann’s, and Velpeau’s diarrhcea mix¬ 
tures. ^Chlorodyne. M. copai'bae, the N. F. 
name for either Lafayette’s mixture or Chap¬ 
man’s MIXTURE. M. cre'tae*, chalk mixture, 
a preparation containing compound chalk pow¬ 
der, 20 Gm.; cinnamon water, 40 Cc.; and water 
to make 100 Cc. It is much employed in loose¬ 
ness of the bowels accompanied with acidity. 
Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). M. diabol'ica, diabol¬ 
ical mixture, a nauseous mixture, sometimes 
given, in small doses, to persons feigning disease, 
but so frequently repeated as to maintain the 
taste of its nauseous components, and thus to 
provoke a confession. M. expec'to4‘ans=STOKEs’s 
EXPECTORANT. M. fcr'ri aromat'ica = Heber- 
den’s ink. M. fer'ri compos'ita*, compound 
iron mixture, a preparation composed of ferrous 
sulphate, 6 Gm.; myrrh and sugar, 18 Gm. each; 
potassium carbonate, 8 Gm.; spirit of lavender, 
60 Cc.; and rose-water to make 1000 Cc.; Griffith’s 
m. This is a good tonic in debility of the diges¬ 
tive organs. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. dr.). M. fer'ri 
et ammo'nii aceta'tis = liquor ferri et ammonii 
ACETAT is*. M- glycyrrhi'zae compos'ita*, com¬ 
pound mixture of glycyrrhiza, or brown mix¬ 
ture, made of pure extract of glycyrrhiza, 30 
Gm.; syrup, 50 Cc.; acacia, granulated, 30 Gm.; 
camphorated tincture of opium, 120 Cc.; wine of 
antimony, 60 Cc.; spirit of nitrous ether, 30 Cc.; 
water, enough to make 1000 Cc.. This is a very 
popular cough mixture. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). 
M. guai'aci, the B. P. and N. F. name for emulsion 
of guaiac, containing about 0.4 Gm. (6 grs.) of 
guaiac in 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.): alterative, antispas¬ 
modic, and expectorant. M. magne'siae et asa- 
foe'tidaB=DEWEEs’s carminative. M. o'lei pi'eis, 
the N. F. name for tar mixture, containing about 

O. 25 Cc. (4 mins.) of oil of tar masked with lico¬ 
rice, sugar, chloroform, and peppermint: expecto¬ 
rant. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). M. oleisbalsam'ica 
(G. P.), an alcoholic solution of about 1% bal¬ 
sam of Peru and various aromatic oils. M. o'pii 
alkali'na = M. sassafras et opii. M. pectora'lis, 
the N. F. name for Stokes’s expectorant. M. 
potas'sii citra'tis = liquor potassii citratis*. 
M. rhe'i compos'ita, the N. F, name for Squibb’s 


MITCHELL’S DISEASE 


574 


MIXED 


rhubarb mixture, containing to the dose of 8 Cc. 
(2 fl. drs.) 0.015 Gm. (i gr.) ipecac, o.i Gm. 
(i^ grs.) rhubarb, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.) sodium bicar¬ 
bonate in glycerin and peppermint water: sto¬ 
machic and antacid. M. rhe'i et so'dae*, mixture 
of rhubarb and soda, a preparation made of* 
sodium bicarbonate, 35 Gm.; fluidextract of 
rhubarb, 15 Cc.; fluidextract of ipecac, 3 Cc.; 
glycerin, 350 Cc.; spirit of peppermint, 35 Cc.; 
water, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. It 
is given to children as a stomachic and carmin¬ 
ative. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). M. sas'safras et 
o'pii, the N. F. name for Godfrey’s cordial or M. 
opii alkalina, containing 0.013 Gm. (i gr.) of 
opium to 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.): carminative and ano¬ 
dyne. Dose for infants, 0.65 Cc. (10 mins.). 
M. so'dae et men'thae, the N. F. name for soda mint, 
a mixture of sodium bicarbonate, 5 Gm.; aromatic 
spirit of ammonia, i Cc.; and spearmint water 
to make 100 Cc.: antacid and carminative. Dose, 
8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). M. splenet'ica, the N. F. name 
for splenetic, spleen, or Gadberry’s mixture, con¬ 
taining quinine sulphate, 4.2 Gm.; potassium ni¬ 
trate and ferrous sulphate, 1.4 Gm. each; nitric 
acid, 1.4 Cc.; and water to make 100 Cc.: tonic 
and antiperiodic. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). M. sul- 
phu'rica a'cida, 
the N. F. name 
for Haller’s 
acid elixir, con- 
taining sul¬ 
phuric acid 1 
part and alco¬ 
hol enough to 
make 4 parts; 
astringent and 
antiscorbutic. 

Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 
mins.) diluted 
Mitch'ell’s dis¬ 
ease. = Ery- 

THROMELALGIA. 

M.’s treatment, 

a mode of treat¬ 
ment in neu¬ 
rasthenia, con¬ 
sisting of com¬ 
plete rest in 
bed, overfeed¬ 
ing, use of mas¬ 
sage and electricity, and careful attention to the 
bowels; rest=cure. 

mite. An Acarus, Leptus, or other minute insect, 
mi-tel'la. A sling for the arm, fastened around the 
neck; termed M. lon'ga or par'va when folded 
like a cravat, M. mag'na or quadrangula'ris 
when a square cloth with the four comers fastened 
around the neck, and M. triangula'ris when 
folded triangularly. [L., dim. of mi'tra turban.] 
mith-ri-da'tism. Immunity to a poison secured by 
administering it in gradually increased doses. 
[< Mithridates (B. C. 120-63), King of Pontus, 
who, it was said, thus made himself immune to 
poisons.] fniith'ri-date, an electuary composed 
of aromatics, opium, etc.: formerly supposed to 
contain an antidote to all poisons, 
mit'i-gate. To allay or palliate: applied to remedies 
which lull, assuage, or soothe pain, also to those 
in which the active ingredient is diluted. [< L. 
mitiga're to assuage.] fmit-i-ga'tion. mit'i-ga- 
ted, as M. caustic, silver nitrate, or stick = ar- 
GENTI NITRAS MITIGATUS*. 


mi'tin. A proprietary form of cold cream, 
mi-toch'y-sis. Celbmultiplication. [< //frof thread 
-f- pouring.] 

mi-to'ma, pi. mito'mata, mi'tome. The threadslike 
basis forming the reticular framework of proto¬ 
plasm of a cell; the spongioplasm. [ < fiiro^ 
thread.] 

mi'to-plasm. = Chromatin, tmi-to-plas'tic. 
mi-tos'chi-sis. = Karyokinesis. [< ///rof thread 
+ splitting.] 

mi-to'sis. The term applied to Flemming’s cell* 
division figures, so called from their threadslike 
structure. Karyokinesis. Heterotypic or 
pathologic m., a form of atypical mitosis seen in 
malignant tumors. Homceotypic or reduction m., 
the fusing of chromosomes into pairs. [ < ///roc 
thread.] fnii-tot'ic, mi-to'sic, as M. celUdivision, 
indirect celDdivision; karyokinesis. 
mi'to-some. The middle piece of a spermatozoon, 
mi'tra hippocrat'ica. A bandage for the head, made 
with double roller bandage, 
mi'tral. Belonging to a mitre or shaped like a 
mitre. M. disease, disease of the mitral valve. 
M. funnel, a form of mitral stenosis in which 
the valve assumes a funnel shape. M. incompe¬ 
tence or insufficiency, incompetence of the 
VALVES. M. murmur, a murmur due to some 
disease of the mitral valves. M. obstruction, 
obstruction to the blood*flow through the left 
auriculoventricular opening, due to disease of 
the mitral valve. M. orifice, the left auriculo¬ 
ventricular opening. M. regurgitation, re¬ 
gurgitation due to improper closure of the 
mitral valve during the systole of the heart. 
M. stenosis, narrowing of the left auriculoven¬ 
tricular orifice, due to disease of the mitral valve. 
M. valve, the left auriculoventricular valve; the 
bicuspid valve, as it consists of two cusps, a right 
and a left, each being attached to its free margins 
by chordae to the papillary muscle, m- Mnemon¬ 
ics. [< L. mitra'lis, fr. mi'tra turban or mitre.] 
Mitt. An abbr. for mit'te, mitta'tur (pi. niittan'tur), 
meaning (1) “ send ” or “let there be sent,” as in 
mitta'tur medici'na, “ let the medicine be sent”; 
mit'te ta'lis “ send of this”: and (2) “ draw out ” 
or “ let there be drawn,” as in mitta'tur san'guis, 
“ let blood be drawn” ; mit'te san'guinem ad un'- 
cias duod'ecim, “ bleed to 12 ounces.” [L.] 
Mit'tel-schmerz. Intermenstrual pain. [Ger.] 
mit'ten. A large leather covering of the hands of 
insane persons who exhibit an inclination to 
destroy articles or engage in filthy practices, 
mixed. Composed of two or more different parts; 
affecting several parts. M. albuminuria, true al¬ 
buminuria and pseudo*albuminuria existing to¬ 
gether. M. anaesthesia, anaesthesia partly pro¬ 
duced by the administration of such agents as 
nitrous oxide, morphine, etc., before giving ether 
or chloroform. M. aneurism, an aneurism in which 
one or more of the coats are ruptured and others 
merely dilated ; compound aneurism. M. aphasia, 
APHASIA. M. articulation = AMPHIARTHROSIS. 
M. astigmatism, astigmatism. M. chancre, a 
lesion in which the chancroidal virus has been 
inoculated along with the syphilis. M. culture, 
one containing several varieties of l^acteria. M. 
feeding, combined breast and bottle feeding. M. 
fever, an old term denoting a mixture of the symp¬ 
toms of inflammatory and typhus fever, being a 
combination of synochus and typhus. M. infection, 
the entrance at practically the same time of two 
or more different pathogenic bacteria in a part, as 



S. Weir Mitchell. American 
Neurologist, 1830- . 








MIXOPYOUS 


575 


MOIST 


in pharyngeal diphtheria where streptococci are 
present along with the diphtheria organisai; the 
one may modify or surpass the toxic effect of the 
other. Secondary INFECTION ; SYMBIOSIS. M. 
joint = AMPHIARTHROSIS. M. lesion = INDIS¬ 
CRIMINATE LESION. M. mouth secretions = SA¬ 
LIVA*. M. nerves, nerves in which both motor 
and sensory fibres are combined in the same 
trunk. M. treatment, combined use of mercurials 
and potassium iodide in syphilis. M. tumor, a 
tumor composed of more than one kind of tissue, 
especially applied to neoplasms of the parotid 
gland, palate, and testicle. M. version, inversion. 
mix-o-py'ous. Mixed with pus. [< iu^lq mixture 
fr. fiiyvvvai to mix + 7r^ov pus.] 
mix-o-sco'pi a. Sexual perversion in which the per¬ 
vert has sensual pleasure in seeing coition on the 
part of others. [< coition -f- (tkotteiv to 

view.] tniix-o-scop'i-cal. 
mix-tu'ra. =Mistura. 

mix'ture. i. The act of mixing, or the state of be¬ 
ing mixed. 2. A compound of several ingredients; 
a medley; mistura. Among the many specially 
named varieties of m. are Acacia ( = mistura 
ACACI.E), A. C. E., Aniidysenteric (t^ mistura 
CONTRA diarrhceam), Aromatic camplwr (= mis¬ 
tura CAMPHOR.^; aromatica), Basham’s (= li¬ 
quor FERRI ET AMMONII ACETATIS*), Bestucheff'S 
(=TINCTURA FERRI CHLORIDI ^THEREA), BrOWn 
(= MISTURA GLYCYRRHiZvE COMPOSITA*), Car¬ 
minative (= mistura carminativ.a). Chalk (= 
MISTURA CRET^*), Chapman’s, Cholera ( = 
MISTURA CONTRA DIARRHCEAM), Copaiba (= 
MISTURA copaiba), Dalby’s (= mistura carmi- 
nativa). Diabolical (= mistura diabolica). 
Diarrhoea (c^ mistura contra diarrceam), Pys- 
menorrhcea or Fenner's guaiac (=tinctura ant- 
acrid.a). Freezing, French (= liquor iodi 
CARBOLATUs), Gadberry’s (= mistura splene- 
tica), Glycyrrhiza (= mistura glycyrrhiz.e 
COMPOSITA*), Griffith’s (= mistura ferri compo- 
siTA*), Haller’s acid (= mistura sulphurica 
acida), Hope’s (= mistura camphors acida), 
Lafayette’s, Loomis’s diarrhoea. Neutral (= 
liquor potassii citratis*), Oleobalsamic, 
Parrish’s camphor (= mistura camphors aro¬ 
matica), Richardson’s, Spleen or splenetic (= 
mistura splenetica), Squibb’s diarrhoea, 
Squibb’s rhubarb (= mistura rhei composita), 
Startin’s, Stokes’s, Sun cholera (= mistura 
CONTRA diarrhceam), Tar (= MISTURA OLEI 

picis), Thielmann’s diarrhoea, Townsend’s, 
Velpeau’s, and Wachsmuth’s. 

Ml. Abbr. for millilitre. 

Mm. Abbr. for millimetre. 

Mmm. Abbr. for micromillimetre. 

Mn. The chemical symbol for manganese. 
mne-mon'ics. The art of cultivating, or a method 
of assisting, the memory. Ex. A/artin Luther, 
/he Reformer, for remembering on which side of 
the heart the valves are, the mitral valve being 
on the /eft, the /ricuspid on the right side. 

Mo. Symbol for molybdenum. 
moan. To give audible expression to grief or pain, 
mo'bile. Movable. M. pain, a pain that moves 
from place to place. M. spasm, the slow irregu¬ 
lar movements of the extremities occurring in 
hemiplegia, etc. Floating kidney; ente- 
ROPTOsis. [< L. movable.] tmo-bil'i-ty. 

mo*bi-li-za'tion, the act of making movable, as 
an anchylosed joint, mo'bil-ize. 

Mb'bius. See as if written Mcebius. 


moch'lus. An obstetrical vectis or lever. [Gr.] 
mocksor'ange. = Philadelphus coronarius. 
moc'main. A white shining fibrous substance of 
great lightness and elasticity from Bom'bax 
heptaphyl'lum: used in stuffing the pads of trusses. 
Mod. praesc. Abbr. for mo'do prcescrip'to, in the 
manner prescribed. [L.] 

mod'el. A pattern, representation, or copy in re¬ 
duced or enlarged size; a mould, as for casting; 
an example; a standard. i^Cast; manikin. 
mod'e-ra-tor band. A muscular band sometimes 
found in the right ventricle of the human heart, 
and normally there in some animals, as the ox, 
extending from the base of the anterior papillary 
muscle to the septum; Red’s band. M. centres, 
m- INHIBITORY. 

mod'i-fied milk. ^Milk. M. smallpox, varioloid, 
mo-di'o-lus*. The central pillar or axis of the 
cochlea of the ear around which runs the spiral 
canal; columnella. [L., “nave of a wheel,’’ fr. 
mo'dus measure.] troO"di'o-lar. mo-di'o-li-form. 
mo-dor'ra. = Plague. [ ^ B. M. J. j. ’03.] 
mod'u-lus. An assumed or conventional standard 
of measurement. M. of Carus, one=third the 
length of the adult spinal column. This stand¬ 
ard divided by 24 is held by Carus to be a com¬ 
mon divisor of all the proportions of a perfect 
human form. [L., dim. of mo'dus measure.] 
mo'dus operan'di. The manner in which a thing is 
done, as an operation, blood count, or Widal test. 
[L., “mode of operating.’’] 

Mdbius's disease (mo'bi-us-fz). Ophthalmoplegic 
migraine. M.’s symptom, inability to keep the 
eyes in convergence in exophthalmic goitre. 
[Paul Mobius, 1848- .] 

Moller’s disease. Infantile scurvy. M.’s glos¬ 
sitis, a superficial inflammation of the tongue, 
especially confined to its free margin, Ge¬ 
ographical TONGUE. M.’s method of spore= 
staining uses chloroform, chromic acid, carboL 
fuchsin, sulphuric acid, and methylene blue, 
mog'i-. Denoting difficulty; with difficulty or pain; 
a combining form, Moli-. [< /J-oy/g with diffi¬ 
culty.] mog-i-gra'phi a = writers’ cramp. — 
mog-i-la'li a, a form of dyslalia in which only 
the formation of single sounds is possible; diffi¬ 
cult utterance; stuttering speech; molilalia, 
tmog-i-la'lism. — mog-i-pho'ni a, an occupation 
neurosis, with sudden weakening of the voice, 
found most frequently in singers and public 
speakers.— mog-i-to'ci a, difficult parturition. 
Mohr'en-heim’s fossa. = Infraclavicular fossa. 
M.’s space, a depression on the deltoid muscle 
between the cephalic vein and the descending 
branch of the acromiothoracic artery. 

Mohr’s test. An iron acetate and potassium .sul- 
phocyanate test for free hydrochloric acid in the 
gastric contents. 

moist. Moderately wet; damp, Hygrometer. 
M. chamber, a chamber for conducting experi¬ 
ments on electric contractility, or a slide or cham¬ 
ber in which objects may be kept moist for study 
with a microscope. M. cough, cough associated 
with a free discharge of mucus. M. eczema, 
eczema with copious exudation; weeping eczema. 
M. filter, a filter=paper moistened with one of the 
substances contained in the solution to be filtered. 
M. gangrene, 0^ gangrene. M. necrosis, necro¬ 
sis of the cancellous tissue of bone in which the 
dead bone is moist. M. r&le, rale. M. tetter, a 
popular name for impetigo. M. wart = verruca 
acuminata, fn^ois'ture. 


MOL. WT. 


576 


MOLYBDAMBLYOPIA 


Mol. wt. Abbr. for molecular weight. 

mo'la. I. Knee-cap. 2. Molar tooth. 3. Maxil¬ 
lary bone. [L., “ a mill.”] 4. A mole. [L.,“a 
mass.”] 

mo'lar. i. A grinder tooth; abbr. m. M. glands, 
two small bodies placed between the masseter 
and buccinator muscles, having the orifice of their 
excretory duct opposite the last molar tooth; 
glandulae molares*. M. teeth, the grinders, or 
double teeth, situated in the back part of the 
jaws; dentes molares*. There are 8 molars in 
the deciduous teeth and 12 in the permanent, 
4 sets, each consisting of a first and second mo¬ 
lar and a wisdom tooth. [< L. mola'ris, fr. mo'la 
mill.] 2. Of the nature of a uterine mole. M. 
pregnancy, pregnancy in which the ovum forms 
a mole. 3. Bulky. M. death, death in mass, as 
necrosis or gangrene : opposed to molecular death. 
M. lesion = MACROSCOPIC lesion. [< L. mo'les 
mass.] t^o-lar'i-form. 

mo-las'ses. The uncrystallizable part of the juice 
of the sugar-cane; treacle. The best known va¬ 
rieties are sugar^house and West India. It should 
contain at least 60% of sugar, has slight laxative 
properties, and was formerly much administered 
with sulphur as spring medicine. 

mold. Mould. 

mold'ine. Potter’s clay worked up with glycerin: 
used in dentistry. 

mole. I. A small, brownish, slightly elevated spot 
on the skin, generally presenting a few hairs; a 
NAEVUS. [< A. S. maal or mal spot or mark.] 
2. A fleshy mass or tumor sometimes formed in 
the uterus, either the result of abortive concep¬ 
tion {true m.) or a membranous growth or polypus 
not having to do with a pregnancy {false or spu¬ 
rious m.). Blood m. ; fleshy m. ; hydatid m. ; 
STONE M. ; TUBAL M. ; UTERINE M. [< L. mo'les 
mass.] fmo'lar. 

mo-lec'u-la. = Molecule. [L.] 

mol'e-cule. A very small particle of matter. In 
chemistry, the smallest portion of any substance 
which can exist by itself and to which can be at¬ 
tributed all the chemical properties of that sub¬ 
stance. Thus, the molecule of water is HgO; of 
salt, NaCl; of hydrochloric acid, HCl; and of 
sulphuric acid, H2SO^. A molecule is made up of 
atoms, the number of which differs in different 
bodies; hence. Monatomic, Diatomic, Triatomic, 
Tetratomic, and Hexatomic ms. j^Atom; ion. 
[< L. molec'ula, dim. of mo'les mass.] fmo-lec'- 
u-lar, as M. action, the continuous motion 
of molecules among themselves: M. attraction, 
the power supposed to be inherent in mole¬ 
cules of matter, which exerts itself at inap¬ 
preciable distances or at the point of contact 
and inclines them to combine one with the other; 
cohesion: M. death, death of the cellular elements 
of the body by ulceration or caries: M. debris, 
microscopic particles of degenerated tissue: M. 
fat, minute portions of fat occurring in the fat- 
cells: M. force, a force acting on or between mol¬ 
ecules: M. formula, chemical formula: M. 
heat, the product of the molecular weight of a 
compound by its specific heat: M. layer or stra¬ 
tum, I, the outer or cortical layer of the cere¬ 
bellar or cerebral substance; 2, one of the 
layers of the retina: M. lesion, a lesion too fine 
to be seen either with the naked eye or with the 
microscope: M. motion, the movements of the 
molecules of a substance within that substance: 
M. volume, the equivalent of one gramme of hy¬ 


drogen, under standard conditions, which meas¬ 
ures 22.23 litres: and M. weight, the weight of a 
molecule of any substance as compared with the 
weight of an atom of hydrogen. It is the sum of 
the atomic weights of the atoms composing the 
molecule. 

Moles'worth’s dilator. A cylindrical rubber bag 
used to dilate the cervix uteri by introducing it 
and then filling it with water. Barnes’s d. 
mol'i-. With difficulty: a combining form, vw 
M0GI-. [<scarcely.] mol-i-gra'phi a— 
MOGIGRAPHIA. —mol-i-la'li a = Mogilalia. — 
mol-i-pho'ni a = mogiphonia. 
mo-li'men, pi. molim'ina. An effort, struggle, or 
endeavor, especially the effort of the generative 
organs to produce a menstrual flow {menstrual 
m.). S’'Fluxion. M. haemorrha'gicum or men- 

strua'le, the menstrual period or effort, especially 
when difficult; dysmenorrhoea. M. haemorrhoi- 
da'lia, constitutional disposition towards hemor¬ 
rhoids. [L., fr. moli'ri to labor.] fmo-lim'i-nous. 
Molisch’s test (mo'k'sh-tz). A test for glucose in 
the urine, made by adding to 2 Cc. of urine 2 
drops of a 15% solution of thymol, and then 
adding an equal volume of strong sulphuric acid, 
when a deep-red color will be formed if glucose 
be present. 1 

Mol'ler. See as if written Moeller. 
mol'lin. A soft soap made of potash, suet, fat, 
cocoanut oil, and glycerin, used as a basis for 
ointments in certain skin affections: combined 
with ichthyol it forms mol-lich-thy'o-lin. 
moFli-sin. A basis for ointments, consisting of 4 
parts of paraffin oil and i part of yellow wax. 
In moFlo-sin liquid petrolatum replaces the par¬ 
affin oil. 

mollifies (mo-k’sh'i-iz). Softness; tenderness. M. 
cer'ebri = softening of the brain. M. cor'dis 
= MYOMALACIA CORDIS. M. Os'sium = OSTEO¬ 
MALACIA. M. u'teri, softening of the uterus. 
[< L. mol'lis soft.] 

Moll’s glands. Modified sweat-glands whose ducts 
open on the borders of the eyelids, 
mol-lus'cum. The name of several diseases of the 
skin. M. bodies or corpuscles, peculiar round 
or oval microscopic bodies found in the con¬ 
tents of the papules of molluscum epitheliale. 
M. epithelia'le or contagio'sum, a disease marked 
by an epidermic growth of tubercles of the skin, 
especially of the breast, varying in size from 
that of a pin-head to that of a marble; epithe¬ 
lioma molluscum. The tubercles are smooth 
and contain a cheesy, semifluid mass and a pecu¬ 
liar, firm, molluscous body. The disease is said 
to be contagious, Psorospermosis. M. fibro'- 
sum or sim'plex, a variety of fibroma charac¬ 
terized by numerous fibrocellular tumors varying 
in size from that of a pea to that of a child’s 
head; fibroma molluscum. They consist of con¬ 
nective tissue, are usually soft, possess little 
sensibility, are unaccompanied by constitutional 
disturbance, and have apparently no natural 
termination. M. lipomato'des = xanthoma mul¬ 
tiplex. M. pen'dulum = M. fibrosum. M. 
seba'ceum or ses'sile = M. epitheliale. [< L. 
neuter of mollus'cus soft.] fniol-lus'cous. 
mo'lops. A vibex. [< ficj'Au'iji.] 
mo-lyb-dam-au-ro'sis. Retrobulbar neuritis due 
to lead poisoning. [< poAv^ihi' lead -f amauro¬ 
sis.] 

mo-lyb*dam-bly-o'pi a. Amblyopia due to lead 
poisoning. 


MOLYBDENUM 


577 


MONO- 


mo-lyb-de'num. A metallic element of silvery ap¬ 
pearance, discovered by Hjelm in 1782. Its spe¬ 
cific gravity is 8.6, atomic weight 96, and symbol 
Mo. It is found in nature chiefly in the form of 
the sulphide, M0S2, known as mo-lyb'de-nite. 
[< fioAvfSdog lead.] fmo-lyb'dic acid, H2MoO^, 
an important reagent, Sonnenschein’s re¬ 
agent. mo-lyb'date. 

mo-lyb'dep-i-lep'si a. Epilepsy due to lead poison, 
mo-lyb'do-. R.elating to lead: a combining form. 
[< fx 6 'Av( 3 Sog lead.] mo-lyb*do-ca-chex'i a, a viti¬ 
ated state of body due to lead poisoning.— 'mo-lyb- 
do-col'ic, lead colic.—• mo-lyb-don'o-sos, -o-sus, 
mo-lyb-do'sis, lead poisoning.— mo-lyb'dos, an old 
term for lead. fmo-lyb'doid; mo-lyb'dous.— 
mo-lyb-do-par'e-sis, palsy due to lead poisoning. 
— mo-lyb-do-spas'mus, spasm from plumbism. 
Mom'burg’s method. The production of pelvic 
ischaemia by bandaging the legs, winding an 
elastic ligature (M.’s belt) carefully around the 
upper abdomen until the femoral pulse disap¬ 
pears, and then removing the leg bandages: used 
in ruptured tubal pregnancy, 
mo-men'tum. The quantity of motion. The mo¬ 
mentum of a body is the product of its mass and 
its velocity. [< L. mo'men motion.] 

Momor'dica. A genus of cucurbitaceous plants. 
M. balsam'ina, balsam^apple, a climbing herba¬ 
ceous plant of India: vulnerary and strongly 
purgative. M. elate'rium, elaterium. 
mo-mor'di-cin. = Elaterinum*. 
mon-. A prefix meaning one or single, Mono-. 
mon-ac'id. Having one hydrogen atom replaceable 
by a base, as HCl (hydrochloric acid), 
mon'ad. i. A minute, single=celled, infusorian 
animal. 2. A univalent radical or element. 3. 
Huter’s term for micrococcus. 
mon'ad-e-no'ma. A term used by Broca for uni- 
glandular adenoma. [< //OTOC single-h ADENOMA.] 
Monadi'na. An order of flagellate organisms having 
one long flagellum. 

mo-nam'ide. An amide containing one NH2 group, 
mo-nam'ine. An amine containing one NH2 group. 
mon‘an-aes-the'si a. Loss of sensation in one part, 
mo-narch'ic vasomotor centres. A group of nerve* 
cells in the terminal nuclei of the vagus nerve 
having a controlling influence over the lower 
spinal centres. 

Monar'da. A genus of labiate, odorous plants. 
M. did'yma, a variety containing thymol. M. 
fistulo'sa, wild bergamot, or horsemint: used in 
intermittent fevers, being febrifugal and dia¬ 
phoretic. M. puncta'ta, horsemint: stimulant and 
carminative. Its oil is used in liniments. It yields 
mo-nar'din, which contains thymol. [< Nicolaus 
Monardus, a Spanish botanist, 1493-1588.] 
mo-nar'thral muscle. A muscle which passes over 
one joint, as the brachialis anticus. 
mon-ar-thri'tis. Arthritis of a single joint, 
mon-ar-tic'u-lar. Affecting a single joint. 

Mo'nas. A genus of infusoria. M. prodigio'sa = 
Bacillus prodigiosus. M. pyoph'ila, a parasitic 
protozoon first described by Blanchard, 
mo-nas'ter. A single star*shaped figure formed in 
the equatorial stage by the chromatin fibrils of a 
celbnucleus during karyokinesis; mother star, 
mon-ath-e-to'sis. Athetosis of a single part, 
mon-a-tom'ic. Saturating only one atom of hy¬ 
drogen; univalent. M. alcohol, an alcohol hav¬ 
ing a single hydroxyl radical, as ethyl alcohol, 
C0H5OH. M. molecule, a molecule which consists 
of one atom. 

37 


mo-nau'ral. Involving only one ear. 
mo-nax'on. A neuron having but one axon, 
tmon-ax-on'ic. 

mon*em-bry-on'ic. Having one embryo only. 
Mone'ra. i\n order of Rhizopo'dia 
which move by means of pseudo¬ 
podia. 

mo-ner'u-la. An impregnated ovum 
in the non*nucleated stage, 
mo-ne'si a. An astringent, acrid, veg¬ 
etable substance, said to be obtained 
from the bark of Chrysophyl'lum 
glycyphlce'um, a tree of Brazil: used 
internally in dysentery, scrofula, 
dyspepsia, and haemoptysis as a 
moderate stomachic excitant, a gen¬ 
eral alterative, and an astringent. 

Dose of extract, 0.13 to 0.65 Gm. 

(2 to 10 grs.). fmo-ne'sin, an oxy¬ 
tocic resembling saponin. 
mon'ey=jin-gle sound. Cracked* 

POT SOUND and bell*metal reso¬ 
nance. 

Mon-go'li an idiots. I diots having the facial char¬ 
acteristics of the Chinese physiognomy. They 
have great power of imitation. M. blue patch. 
[T[ L. ij. ’09.] tmon'go-lism. mon-go'loid. 
mon'grel. Of mixed breed; hybrid, 
mon-gu'mo bark. A tonic bark from Madagascar, 
mo-nil'e-thrix. An infantile disease in which the 
hair becomes beaded and brittle. [< L. moni'U 
necklace + Op'i^ hair.] fmo-nil-e-thri'cial. 
mon-i-lif'er-ous, mo-nil'i-form. Beaded, as lichen 
RUBER moniliformis. 

mon-i-o-do-meth'ane. A colorless, ethereal liquid, 
CH3I ; methylic iodide. Its vapor has been used 
as an anaesthetic. 

mo'nism. Descent of all living things from a single 
cell. [< fiovog single.] fmo'nist. mo-nis'tic. 
mon'keysbread. Adansonia. 
mon'key hand. =Main en griffe. 
monks'hood. — Aconitum*. M. prepuce, a prepuce 
which covers the end of the penis like a monk’s 
hood, the meatus being either on the dorsal or 
the perineal surface. 

Monneret’s pulse. The slow gaseous pulse of icterus. 
Monni'na polysta'chia. A Peruvian plant of the 
order Polygala'cece, containing a resinoid sub¬ 
stance, mon'ni-nin. The root*bark is astringent, 
mon'o-. Denoting one or single; in chemical tenns 
signifying combination with one atom: a com¬ 
bining form. Mono- enters into an increasingly 
large number of chemical terms, many denoting 
complex substances. The most important of these 
are given here, all other mono- words following 
in their regular vocabulary place. [ < povog single, 
one.] mon-osac'e-tin, a liquid substance, C3H5- 
(0H)20C2H30, obtained by the action of glacial 
acetic acid upon glycerin under pressure.— 
mon’o=am'i-nos acids, as M .»a.=oxymonocarboxylic 
acid, M.■>a.:=^dicarhoxylic acid, etc. B. M. J. Oct. 
27, ’06.] mon-o-ba'sic, having a single base: 
applied to certain chemical substances, as hydro¬ 
chloric acid, which contain one hydrogen atom, 
replaceable by a base. M. phosphoric acid, gla¬ 
cial phosphoric acid.— mon*o-brom-ac-e-tan'i- 
lide = ANTisEPSiN. — mon*o-brom-an-ti-py'rine = 
BROMOPYRiNE. — mon-o-brom-cam'phor or mon- 
o-bro'ma-ted camphor = camphora monobro- 
MATA*. — mon-o-bro-meth'ane or mon*o-brom-os 
eth'ane = ethyl bromide. — mon-o-bro'mide, 
having one atom of bromine in the molecule.— 



Monaural 

Stetho¬ 

scope. 




MONOsAK^STHESIA 


578 


MONOMORPHOCELLULAR 


mon-o-brom-phe'nol = chlorphenol. — mon-o- 
brom-phe'nyl-a-ce-tam'ide = ANTiSEPSiN.— mon- 
o-bu-ty'ri-nase, a fat ferment.— mon-o-cal'cic, 
having the equivalent of one atom of calcium in 
the molecule. — mon-o-chloTal-an-ti-py'rine = 
HYPNAL.—mon-o-chlor-eth'ane=^THYLis chlo- 
RiDUM*. — mon-o-chlo'ride, having one atom of 
chlorine in the molecule.— mon-o-chlor-meth'- 
ane = methyl chloride.— mon-o-chlor-phe'nol, 
a dense, volatile liquid, CgH^^Cl.OH, used by in¬ 
halation as an antiseptic in pulmonary disease. 

— mon-o-for'min, a colorless liquid, C^HgOg, 
made by heating glycerin with oxalic acid. 

— mon-o-hy'dra-ted. i. Combined with one 
molecule of water, as M. sodium carbonate. 2. 
Combined with one molecule of hydroxyl.— mon- 
o-hy'dric, having one atom of hydrogen replace¬ 
able.— mon-osi'o-dide, an iodine preparation 
having one atom of iodine in the molecule.— 
mon-o=i-o-do-di-bis-muth-meth'y-lene dicresoti- 
nate, an antiseptic dusting powder containing 
in chemical combination bismuth (45%), iodine 
(15%), and formalin (3%).^ -mo'nol, a prepa¬ 
ration of calcium permanganate employed for 
the purification of drinking water.— mon'o- 
lene, an oily hydrocarbon — mon'o-me-tallic, 
as M. salt, a salt which contains one atom 
of the metal in the molecule. — mon’o=ox-y- 
ben'zol = CARBOLIC acid. — mon-o-pal'mi-tin, ^ 
PALMiTiN. — mon’o-phe-net'i-din citrate = apol- 
YSiNE. — mon-o-sac'cha-ride, the name for a 
group of carbohydrates, as dextrose, levulose, and 
galactose, having the formula, CgHjgOg, and cor¬ 
responding to the old division of glucoses. 
Disaccharide; polysaccharide. — mon-o-so'- 
dic, having but one atom of sodium in the mole¬ 
cule.— mon-o-sub'sti-tu-ted, having only one 
atom in each molecule replaced: said of chemical 
compounds.— mon'o-tal, a proprietary antiphlo¬ 
gistic. [T| I. M. ’07.] — mon-ov'a-lent, having the 
valency of one, as sodium.— mo-nox'ide, an 
oxide whose molecule contains a single atom of 
oxygen. 

mon'osan-aes-the'si a. = Monan^sthesia. 
mon'osath-e-to'sis. = Monathetosis. 
mon-o-bac'il-la-ry. Originating from or containing 
only a single species of bacteria, 
mon-o-blas'tic. Having a single germslayer, as the 
ovum in the blastula stage, 
mon-o-blep'sis,-blep'si a. i. A state of vision in 
which objects are distinct only when but one eye 
is used. 2. Color-blindness in which only one 
color can be perceived. 

mon-o-bra'chi us. A monstrosity with but one arm. 

Abrachius ; perobrachius. 

mon-o-cel'lu-lar. Unicellular. 

mon-o-cen'tric. Having but a single pole; unipolar; 
not amphicentric. 

mon-o-ceph'a-lus. A monster having only one head, 
but two bodies. 

mon’o-cho-re'a. Chorea confined to one part, 
mon-o-chro'ic. Of one color, as arterial blood, 
mon’o-chro-mat'ic. Having but one color; capa¬ 
ble of perceiving only one color, as M. vision. 
tmon-o-chro'ma-sy. mon-o-chro'mat. 
mon'o-chro-mat'o-phile. A cell which stains uni¬ 
formly, especially with acid stain, fnion’o-chro- 
mo-phil'ic. 

mon'o-cle. A lens (or a bandage) for a single eye. 
mon-o-clin'ic system. A system of crystallization 
in which the three axes are of unequal length, 
one forming a right angle with the other two, 


which are obliquely inclined the one to the other; 
oblique prismatic system. 

mon-o-coc'cus. A micrococcus in which the cocci 
remain distinct and ununited, 
mon-o-cra'nus. A monster foetus with a single 
cranium and a face partly double, 
mon-o-crot'ic, mo-noc'ro-tous. Having a single 
beat; not dicrotic: said of the pulse. fmo- 
noc'ro-tism. 

mo-noc'u-lar. Relating to but one eye. 1^ Bin oc¬ 
ular. M. diplopia, diplopia. M. micro¬ 
scope, a microscope having a single eyepiece. M. 
strabismus, a squint existing in one eye. 
mo-noc'u-lus. i. A bandage used to cover one eye. 

2. Cyclopia; monophthalmus, 
mon'o-cyst. A tumor consisting of only one cyst, 
fmon-o-cys'tic. 

mon-o-dac'tyl-ism. A malformation in which there 
is but a single digit, fmon-o-dac'tyl-ous. 
mon-o-der'ic. Having a single layer, 
mon’o-di-ply'pi a. Double vision in one eye: some¬ 
times an hysterical symptom. 

Monodo'ra myris'tica. The Jamaica nutmeg, 
mon-o-gas'tric. Having but one stomach, 
mon-o-gen'e-sis, mo-nog'e-ny, mo-nog'e-nism. i. 
The theory of the single-cell origin of all organ¬ 
isms. 2. The development of offspring like the 
parent. 1®- Metagenesis. 3. Asexual generation, 
fmon-o-ge'ne-ous; mon-o-ge-net'ic. 
mon-o-gle'nous. Seeing with one pupil only, 
mo-nog'o-ny, mon-o-go'ni a. Asexual generation, 
mon'o-graph. A treatise written upon a special 
subject or one of its subdivisions by one who has 
devoted especial study to the subject, 
mon-o-his'tous. Formed of one tissue only. 
mon‘o=i-de'a-ism. The condition of being possessed 
by a single idea, as in monomania, 
mon’osin-fec'tion. An infection caused by a single 
variety of bacillus or other infecting agent, 
mon-o-lob'u-lar. Having a single lobule ; affecting 
a single lobule. 

mon-o-loc'u-lar. Having only one cavity or cell; 

one-celled: applied to unilocular cystic tumors, 
mo-no'ma. A malignant form of uterine myoma, 
described by Snow. 

mon-o-ma'ni a. A general term for a kind of in¬ 
sanity or partial insanity characterized by irra¬ 
tionality especially marked on one subject, with 
rationality on many others, or by morbid impulses 
with maniacal disturbances of the affective life; 
monomoria. There is much diversity in the use 
of this word by different writers. Among the 
many varieties the following: Ambitious, Anthro- 
pophagic. Erotic, Expansive, Furious, Gay, Hom¬ 
icidal, Hypochondriac, Incendiary, Joyous, Persecu¬ 
ting, Religious, and Suicidal are self-explanatory, 
and for others see ^dceomania, Amcenoma- 
NiA, Demonomania, Dipsomania, Hydroma¬ 
nia, Kleptomania, Nymphomania, Pyroma- 
NiA, Theomania. Apodemialgia; dementia; 
mania; melancholy; psychosis; satyriasis. 
Emotional m. = emotional insanity. Intellec¬ 
tual m.= PARANOIA, troon-o-ma'ni ac. 
mon-o-mer'ic. Composed of but one piece, 
mon-o-met'ric system. The regular system of crys¬ 
tallization in which the three axes are of equal 
length and intersect at right angles, 
mon'o-mi-cro'bic. Limited to one organism, 
mo-nom'ma-tous. One-eyed, 
mon-o-mo'ri a. = Monomania. 
mon-o-mor-pho-cel'lu-lar. Having only one form 
of cell. 


MONOMPHALOS 


579 


MONSTER 


mo-nom'pha-los, -pha-lus. A twin monstrosity in 
which each child is nearly perfect, but the two 
have only one umbilicus. 

mon-o-my-o-si'tis. Periodic attacks of acute inter¬ 
stitial myositis in the biceps muscle, 
mon-o-neph'rous. Having but one kidney, 
mon-o-neu'ric. Having one neuron or axisscylin- 
der process: said of certain nerve^cells. 
mon'o-neu-ri'tis. Inflammation of a single nerve. 
When more are affected, but apart from each 
other, it is called M. multiplex, 
mon'ont. A malaria parasite of asexual generation; 
a schizont. E. ’o6.] 

mon-o-nu'cle ar, -nu'cle-a-ted. Uninuclear; said 
of leucocytes. The small mononuclears or lym¬ 
phocytes (about 25% of the normal leucocytes) 
are about the size of a red cell, with a deeply 
staining round or notched nucleus, and a thin 



Large AiND Small Mononuclear Leucocytes. 


ring of protoplasm, often markedly basophilic. 
The large mononuclears or hyalines (about 2%) 
are much larger and both nucleus and abundant 
protoplasm stain faintly. 

mon‘o-nu-cle-o'sis. A variety of leucocytosis in 
which the mononuclear leucocytes predominate, 
mon'o-nym. A name consisting of a single word, 
as pia, for pia mater. 

mon*o-par-aBS-the'si a. Paraesthesia of a single part. 
mon'o-pa-raPy-sis. = Monoplegia. 
mon-o-par'e-sis. Paresis of a single organ, 
mon’o-path-o-pho'bi a. = Hypochondriasis. 
mo-nop'a-thy. A disease or symptom affecting a 
single organ or part, fmon-o-path'ic. 
mon'o-pede. =Symmelus. 

mon-o-pe'gi a. A fixed pain in some particular 
part of the head. 

mon-o-pha'si a. A variety of aphasia in which the 
patient is able to utter only a single syllable, 
word, or sentence, fmon-o-pha'sic. 
mon-o-pho'bi a. A mental affection in which there 
is a morbid fear of being alone, Agoraphobia. 
mon-oph-thal'mi a, -thal'mus. i. = Cyclops. 2. 

The condition of having only one eye. 
mon*o-plas-mat'ic. Composed of one substance 
only, as M. cells. 

mon'o-plast. A unicellular or unistructural organ¬ 
ism. as M. cell, a cell composed 

of only one substance: and M. muscles, muscles 
whose fibres are parallel or nearly so. 
mon-o-ple'gi a. Paralysis of a single member or 
circumscribed group of muscles and of cerebral 
origin. According to location it is called brachial 
(arm), central (cerebral), crural (leg), facial (face), 
peripheral. Hemiparaplegia. ■j'mon-o-ple'gic. 

mon’o-po-da-ceph'a-lus. A monster without a 
head and with only one foot, 
mon-o-po'di a. The condition of having only one 
foot or having the lower extremities fused into a 
conical point: in the latter case preferably sym- 
podia or symphysoskelia. 


mon’o-pro-so'pus. A joined twin foetus with but 
a single face. 

mon'ops. = Monophthalmia ; cyclops. 
mo-nop'sia. = Monophthalmia. 
mon-o-psy-cho'sis. Monomania of a fixed type, 
mo-no'pus. A monster with one foot only, 
mon-o-ra-dic'u-lar. Having but one root, as of a 
tooth. 

mo-nor'chis, -chid. One in whom a single testicle 
has descended into the scrotum, or who has lost 
one testicle by accident or by an operation. 

Cryptorchis. fnio-iior'chia, mon-or-chid'i a. 
mon-or-chid'ic. mo-nor'chism. 
mon-or-gan'ic. Relating to one organ or to one set 
of organs. 

mo-nos'ce-lus. A monstrosity with but one leg. 
mon-o-scop'ic. Vision with one eye; normal in the 
lower vertebrates, cf Stereoscopic. 
mon-o-si'ti a. The taking of food but once a day. 
mon-o-so'mus. A double monster with a single 
body, fnion-o-so'mi an. 

mon'o-spasm. Spasm limited to circumscribed 
muscle groups, as the facial, brachial, etc. 
mon'o-spore. An unfertilized ovum. 
Monos'tomum. A genus of trematode worms. M. 

len'tis has been found in the crystalline lens, 
mon-o-stra'tal, mon-o-strat'i-fied. Arranged in a 
single layer. 

momo-symp-to-mat'ic. Having only a single symp¬ 
tom. tinoJi"0"Symp'tom. 

mon-o-ther'mi a. A condition of uniform tempera¬ 
ture. 

mon-o-to'ni a. A uniform, unmodulated quality 
of the voice, as in cases of paralysis of the la¬ 
ryngeal tensors. 

Monotrich'ia. A group of bacteria having but one 
flagellum and that at the end of the body, 
tmo-not'ri-chous. 

mon-o-trid'y-mus. A monster with three bodies. 
Monot'ropa uniflo'ra. The Indian pipe, a leafless 
plant destitute of verdure, and a native of many 
States of the Union: used in epilepsy and in the 
treatment of sore eyes, 
mon-o-va'ri an. Relating to one ovary only, 
mon-ox'en-ous. A parasite which exists in a single 
host. 

Mon-ro’s' foramen. A Y«shaped opening, bounded 
in front and above by the anterior pillars of the 
fornix, behind and below by the optic thalamus, 
by which the lateral ventricles communicate 
with each other and with the third ventricle. 
M.’s line, a line stretching between the anterior 
superior spine of the ilium and the umbilicus. 
M.’s sulcus = SULCUS OF Monro. 
mons. A mountain. M. cerebel'li = MONTicuLUS 
CEREBELLi. M. pu'bis*, the eminence in front of 
the symphysis pubis in males. M. ve'neris, the 
eminence in the upper and anterior part of the 
pubes of women, Reproductive organs. [L.] 
Mon'sel’s salt. Basic ferric sulphate. M.’s solu¬ 
tion = liquor FERRI SUBSULPHATIS*. 

Monso'nia. A genus of plants, the roots and herbs 
of some species of which, as M. ova'ta, are used 
as astringents. 

mon'ster, mon-stros'i-ty. A fcetus born with re¬ 
dundancy or deficiency, or a confusion or trans¬ 
position of parts, due to imperfect fusion or sepa¬ 
ration of the chromosomes; teratism. Monsters 
are divided into those by excess, as in macropo¬ 
dia, MACROSOM.\TIA, POLYDACTYLISM, etC., and 

those by defect, as in acardia, cyclopia, micro¬ 
cephalia, etc. [< L. mon'strum.\ 


MONTEGGIA’S DISLOCATION 


580 


MORGAGNI’S APPENDAGE 


Monteggia’s dislocation (mon-ted'jaz). A disloca¬ 
tion of the hipsjoint in which the limb is everted, 
the head of the femur lying near the anterior su¬ 
perior spine of the ilium. [Giovanni Battista 
Monteggia, an Italian surgeon, 1762-1815.] 
Monteverdi’s sign (mon-te-ver'diz). A sign of 
death, consisting in the absence of the wine^col- 
ored congestion which follows the subcutaneous 
injection of ammonia solution during life. 
Montgomery’s ciip. The dilated canals of the tu¬ 
bular glands of the uterus. M.’s glands, the se¬ 
baceous glands of the areola of the nipple. M.’s 
tubercles, distinct prominences formed by M.’s 
glands after impregnation. [William F. Mont¬ 
gomery, 1797-1859.] 

monthly courses, illness, periods, or sickness, or 
monthlies. = Menses; menstruation. 
mon-tic'u-lus. A small elevation. M. carno'sus 
ure'thrae = caput gallinaginis. M. cerebelli, 
the projecting portion of the superior vermiform 
process. M. ve'neris = mons veneris. 
Montrichla. = Monotrichia. 

mon-u're-ide. A ureide formed from one mole¬ 
cule of urea. 

Moo'kul. = BaLSAMODENDRON MOOKUL. 

Mool'tan sore. = Oriental sore. 
moon=blind'ness. Night=blindness, especially when 
caused by moonlight falling on the face during 
sleep. M.scalf. i. A fcetal monstrosity. 2. A 
uterine mole. M.sseed, is- menispermum. 
moon'struck. = Lunatic. 

Moor'en’s ulcer. An infectious form of ulcerative 
keratitis. [A. Mooren, 1828-1899.] 

Moore’s fracture. Fracture of the lower end of the 
radius, with dislocation of the head of the ulna 
and imprisonment of the styloid process beneath 
the annular ligament. M.’s method = fili- 
PUNCTURE. M.’s test, a test for glucose or lactose: 
boiling with alkali gives a brown color, 
mope'seye. = Myopia. 

Mor. sol. Abbr. for L. mo're sol'ito, in the usual way. 
mo-ra'de ine, mo-ra'din. The former a crystalline 
alkaloid, and the latter a fluorescent substance, 
from qui'na mor'ada, the bark of a rubiaceous 
tree, Pogono'pus febrif'ugus. 
mor'al insanity. Mental disease marked by per¬ 
version of the moral sense and natural emotions 
without any apparent disturbance of the intel¬ 
lectual faculties. M. monstrosity, extreme per¬ 
version or reversal of the moral sense. M. treat¬ 
ment = PSYCHIC THERAPEUTICS. 

Morand’s disease (mo-rahz). Paresis of the legs. 
M.’s foot, a foot which has eight toes. M.’s spur. 
I. = Hippocampus minor. 2. The calcaneum. 
[S. F. Morand, 1697-1773.] 

Mo-ra-witz’s' theory. An accepted theory of co¬ 
agulation in which the cellular elements liberate 
thromboKINASE, which in turn uniting with the 
calcium salts and thrombogen forms thrombin. 
Thrombin and fibrinogen give rise to fibrin. 
Mo*rax=Ax'enfeld’s bacillus. = Bacillus con- 
jUNCTiviTiDis, def. 2. M.sA.’s conjunctivitis, a 
common form of conjunctivitis due to the Bacil'- 
lus conjunctivit'idis, def. 2: a solution of zinc 
sulphate is effective in treatment, 
mor'bi. The gen. or pi. of morbus. 
mor'bid. Diseased or pertaining to disease. Mor¬ 
bid is used as a technical or scientific term in 
contradistinction to the term healthy. M. anat¬ 
omy, the structure of a part or tissue in a dis¬ 
eased state; pathologic anatomy. M. entity = 
SUBSTANTIVE DISEASE. M. histology = PATHO¬ 


LOGIC histology. M. impulse = insane impulse. 
M, labor = DYSTOCIA. M. perspiration = ephi- 
DROSis. M. pigmentation, pigmentation. M. 
pregnancy = PARACYESis. M. sight = paropsis. 
M. temperature, the difference either above or 
below the natural temperature of the body, as 
ascertained by the clinical thermorneter. The 
normal temperature is about 37° C. (98.6° F.). 
M. touch = parapsis. [< L. mor'bidus, fr. mor'- 
fewY disease.] tmor-bid'i-ty ; mor-bil'i-ty. i. The 
condition of being diseased. 2. The amount of 
illness existing in a given community, as M. 
statistics, statistics bearing upon the sick^rate to 
the number of inhabitants, mor'bi-dize. mor- 
bif'e-rous. mor-bif'ic. mor'bose. mor'bu-lent. 
mor-bil'li. = Measles. M. si'ne eruptio'ne, 
measles without an eruption. [L., dim. of mor'- 
bus disease.] fmor-bilTi-form. mor-bil'lous. 
mor'bus, pi. or gen. mor'bi. A disease or sickness. 
c^Mal; maladie. M. addiso'ni = Addison’s 
disease. M. an^glicus, a name for both phthisis 
and RICKETS. M. auTicus, diseases of the upper 
classes, as arthritis, physconia, etc. M. bar- 
low'i, infantile scurvy. M. basedow'i = exoph¬ 
thalmic GOITRE. M. bright'! = Bright’s dis¬ 
ease. M. cadu'cus, divi'nus, or sa'cer = epi¬ 
lepsy. M. casru'leus, congenital cyanosis. 
M. comitia'lis — epilepsy. M. cox'ae seni'- 
lis, a form of arthritis in which the head 
of the bone atrophies. M. coxa'rius = cox- 
ALGiA. M. dithmar'sicus, hereditary syphilis 
(in Holstein), Radesyge. M. el'ephas = 
ELEPHANTIASIS. M. erro'num = VAGRANTS’ DIS¬ 
EASE. M. gal'licus = SYPHILIS. M. hercu'leus 
= EPILEPSY. M. in'dicus = SYPHILIS. M. la'zari 
= LEPROSY. M. lethar'gicus, sleeping sickness. 
M. maculo'sus werlho'fi = purpura hemor¬ 
rhagica. M. medico'rum, a disease caused by 
injudicious seeking of medication. M. mise'riae, 
any illness due to want and neglect. M. nau'- 
ticus = SEAssicKNEss. M. neapolita'nus = syph¬ 
ilis. M. ni'ger = MELENA. M. pedicula'ris = 
PHTHiRiAsis. M. re'gius = jaundice. M. seni'- 
lis = ARTHRITIS DEFORMANS. M. WCil'i = WeIL’s 
DISEASE. [L.] 

morcellement (mor-sel-moh). The act of dividing 
into pieces; the operation of removing a large 
tumor or foetus piecemeal, by snaring portions 
with wire; morcellation; morsellation. [F.] 
mor-da'cious. Pungent. [< L. morde're to bite.] 
mor'dant. A substance, used by dyers, which fixes 
the coloring matter to the substance to be dyed. 
Mordants are also used by histologists in staining 
certain microscopical preparations. In the car- 
bobfuchsin stain for tubercle bacilli, the carbolic 
acid is the mordant, is- Loffler’s solution. 
[< L. morde're to bite.] 

mor-di-ca'tion. A biting feeling of the skin. [< 

L. mor'dex tooth.] 

mo're dic'to. In the manner directed. M. sol'ito, 
in the usual manner. [L.] 

Moreau’s experiment (m6-r6z). A method for test¬ 
ing the action of drugs upon the intestinal se¬ 
cretions. (See illustration, next page.) 
morel'. Nightshade. ^ Solanum. 

Morel’s ear (m6-r^lz). A general term for various 
congenital malformations of the external ear, 
often seen in the insane or in idiotic persons; 
flat ear. ^ Darwinian tubercle. 

Morgagni’s (mdr-gan'yiz) or mor-gagn'ian appen¬ 
dage of testicle. = Hydatid of Morgagni, def. a. 

M. ’s caruncle, the middle lobe of the prostate. 


MORGUE 


581 


MORPHISM 


M.’s cataract, a fluid cataract with a hard, trans¬ 
parent nucleus. M.’s colum'nae rec'tae, the longi¬ 
tudinal plicae of the rectum. M.’s foramen, the 
foramen caecum of the tongue. M.’s fossa, the 
navicular fossa of the urethra. M.’s fraena, the 
ridges formed by the union of the folds consti¬ 
tuting the ileocaecal or ileocolic valves. M.’s glands 
= LiTTRE’s GLANDS. M.’S hydatid = HYDATID OF 
Morgagni. M.’s lacuna = lacuna morgagnii. 
M.’s liquor = LIQUOR MORGAGNII. M.’s prolapse 
= PROLAPSUS MORGAGNII. M.’s rctinaculum = 
= FR.ENUM MORGAGNII. M.’s semilunar valves 
= SEMILUNAR VALVES. M.’s sinuscs, three small 
dilatations at the beginning of the aorta, first 
pointed out by Morgagni. M.’s ventricle, a cav¬ 
ity just external to each true and false vocal cord, 
connecting with the laryngeal pouch. [Giovanni 
B. Morgagni, an Italian anatomist, 1682-1771.] 



Moreau’s Experiment. —Three loops of intestine are 
tied off. Into B is injected the cathartic and the 
intestine returned to the abdomen. After a time loop 
B is found to be distended with fluid while A and C 
are not. (Wood.) 

morgue. A dead-house, or place where dead bodies 
that have been found are properly kept and ex¬ 
posed in order to be recognized; the place to 
which bodies are removed for post-mortem exam¬ 
ination of a medicolegal nature. [F., fr. Pers. 
marg death.] 

mo'ri suc'cus. The juice of the mulberry: used in 
making drinks for the sick and convalescent. 
Its syrup is added to certain gargles in throat 
diseases. [L., “ mulberry juice.”] 
mo'ri a. Foolishness; fatuity; a form of dementia 
characterized by delusions of happiness accom¬ 
panied by laughing, dancing, playing, etc. [Gr.] 
mor'i-bund. Dying; about to die. [< L. mori- 
hun'dus, fr. mori'ri to die.] 
mo'ric acid. A yellow, crystalline dye, ^ 13 ^ 8 ^ 6 ’ 
obtained from old fustic. 

mo'ri-form. Having the form of a mulberry. M. 
gland = RACEMOSE GLAND. [< L. mo'rum mul¬ 
berry.] 

mo'rin. =Moric acid. 

Morin'da. A genus of rubiaceous trees or shrubs 
comprising many tropical species. The fruits of 
M. citrifo'lia and M. umhella'ta are reputed to 
be vermifuge, while the root and bark of these and 
other species yield a red, crystalline dye called 
mo-rin'din. 

Morin'ga. A genus of trees from which a gum 
like tragacantha* and oil of hen, a fixed oil, are 
obtained. The root is diuretic and stimulant. 


mor-in-tan'nic (mor-i-tan'nic) acid. ==Maclurin. 
mo'ri-o-plas-ty. = Plastic surgery. fiopiov 
part -I- 'KTidoaeLv to form.] 

mor'ningsdrop. The small amount of urethral dis¬ 
charge appearing in gleet on arising in the morn¬ 
ing and one which may occur in the male as 
well as in the female. M. sickness, nausea and 
vomiting occurring on arising, a characteristic 
symptom of pregnancy during the first three or 
four months. M.=tire, a neurasthenic state in 
which the patient awakes unrefreshed, 
mo-ro-coc'cus. A coccus found in eczematous skin, 
mo-ro-co'mi um, -do'chi um. A lunatic asylum, 
or house for the treatment of the insane. [< 
juupog idiotic -I- aopelv to cure or to ad¬ 

mit.] 

Mo'ro’s reaction. A reactive inflammation pro¬ 
duced by the local application of a 50% tuber¬ 
culin ointment upon the skin of those suffering 
from infection with the tubercle bacillus. ^ 
Calmette’s reaction; Pirquet’s reaction. 
mor-ox-il'ic acid. =Moric acid. 
mor-phae'a. =Morphcea. 
mor'pheum. =Morphina*. 
mor-phim'e-try. = Morphometry. 
mor'phi a. The 1870 U. S. P. name for morphina*. 

tmor'phi-a-ted. mor'phic. 
mor-phi'na*, gen. -nc2. Morphine, an alkaloid, 
Cj^H| 9N03 + H20, obtained from opium, in which 
it exists largely in the form of the meconate. It 
occurs in colorless or white, shining, rhombic 
prisms or fine needles or a crystalline powder, 
permanent in the air, odorless, having a bitter 
taste, and an alkaline reaction. It is the most 
important narcotic principle of opium. Dose, 
0.010 Gm. (A gr.). Among the many salts of 
morphine, besides the official ones mentioned be¬ 
low, are the anisate, arsenate, benzoate, borate, 
caseinate, meconate, mono-ethylether hydrochlo¬ 
ride, phthalate, saccharinate, salicylate, stearate, 
sulphate, tartrate, valerate, and valerianate. 

Opium; heroin; antimorphine serum, mor- 
phi'nae ace'tas*, acetate of morphine, C^i-H^gNOg.- 
C2H^02 + 3H20, a yellowish-white, crystalline or 
amorphous powder. This and the other official 
salts of morphine are of similar medical value 
and dose. They are often exhibited by sub¬ 
cutaneous injection. Dose, 0.015 Gm. gr.). 
M. hydrochlo'ridum*, morphine hydrochloride, 
Ci-H^ 9N03.HC1 + 3H20, a white, crystalline sub¬ 
stance. M. sul'phas*, morphine sulphate, (Cj.j- 
Hj 9N03)2.H2S0^-|-5H20, a white crystalline sub¬ 
stance. [< L. Mor'pheus the god of .sleep and 
dreams.] 

mor'phine. = Morphina*. M. habit = morphino- 
MANiA. fmor'phin-a-ted. mor-phin'ic. mor'- 
phin-ism, the morbid condition due to misuse of 
or habituation to the use of morphine, Opioph¬ 
agism. mor'phin-i-za'tion. 
mor'phi-no-, mor'phi o-. Relating to morphine: 
combining forms. [< L. Mor'pheus, the god of 
sleep and dreams.] mor-phi-no-dip'si a, mor-phi- 
no-ma'nia, mor'phi-o-ma'ni a, the morbid desire 
for morphine; the opium habit, t^ior’phi-no- 
ma'ni ac.— mor-phi-nom'e-try, mor-phi-om'e-try, 
the determination of the quantity of mor¬ 
phine in a drug, tmofphi-no-met'ric, mor*- 
phi-o-met'ric, as M. assay. — mor-phi-oph'agy, 
excessive taking of morphine by the mouth; 
opium-eating. 

mor-phi'num, mor'phi um. = Morphina*. 
mor'phism. = Morphinism. 


MORPHO- 


582 


MOSER’S SERUM 


mor'pho-. Denoting form or the process of forma¬ 
tion: a combining form. [< fJ-op(j)y form.] mor- 
phog'e-ny, mor-pho-gen'e-sis, the evolution of 
forms; the study of the evolution of forms.— 
mor-phog'ra-phy, a description of the external 
forms of plants or animals.— mor-phol'o-gy, the 
science of structure and form in the organic king¬ 
dom. fmor-pho-log'ic, mor-pho-log'i-cal, as M. 
element, tissue^element. mor-phol'o-gist.— 
mor-phol'y-sis, the destruction of form or organ¬ 
ization. fnior-pho-lyt'ic.— mor-phom'e-try, the 
art of measuring or ascertaining the external 
forms of objects; morphimetry. fmor-pho- 
met'ri-cal.— mor'phon, any distinct individual 
organism or element. — mor-phon'o-my, the 
science of the laws of formation.— mor-pho'sis. 
I. A morbid formation; organic disease. 2. The 
process of formation of a part, t^^or-phot'ic, as 
M. proteid, a proteid that actually enters into the 
structure of a tissue.— mor-phot'o-my, anatomy, 
mor-phoe'a. A circumscribed form of scleroderma 
in lepra maculosa, marked by the development 
on the skin of irregular blotches of a pinkish 
tinge, often elevated or depres.sed, surrounded by 
an areola of a purple color, and known according 
to their pigmentation, vasculation, and nutrition, 
as M. acroter'ica, aVba, atro'phica, flam'mea, 
herpetifor'mis, larda'cea, ni'gra, or ru'bra’, Ad¬ 
dison’s keloid; morphaea; morphea, 
mor'pi o, -pi on. A louse, especially the crab^louse 
or Pediculus pubis. [L.j 
Mor'rant=Ba'ker’s cysts. = Baker’s cysts. 
Mor'rhua. An important genus of gadoid fishes, 
from various species of which, principally Ga'dus 
mor'rhua, the codfish, cod=liver oil or oleum 
MORRHU.E* is obtained. The oil contains mor- 
rhu'ic acid, a crystalline, basic acid, CgHjgNOg; 
mor'rhu-ine, a diaphoretic and diuretic ptomaine, 
CjgHg-Ng; and mor'rhu-ol, an acrid and aromatic 
crystalline and oily principle, containing iodine, 
bromine, and phosphorus: given in capsules of 
3 to 5 drops each and medicinally similar to the 
oil. 

mor'rhu-o-line. Any alkaloid of cod^liver oil. 
mor'rhu-vin. A proprietary preparation of cod* 
liver oil and peptonate of iron. 

Mor'ris’s point. A point over the lumbar ganglia 
one and a half inches from the navel on a line 
drawn to the anterior superior spine of the ilium. 
KS-McBurney’s point. 

mors. Death. [L., fr. p 6 pog fate or destiny.] 
mor'sal. Pertaining to mastication, as the M. edge 

of a tooth. [< L. mor'sus bite.] 

Morse finger. An occupation neurosis, contraction 
of the finger due to use of the telegraph key. 
mor-sel-la'tion. = Morcellement. 
mor-sel'lus, mor'su-lus. A troche or tablet [L., 
dim. of mor'sus bite.] 

mor'sus diab'oli. A fantastic name sometimes ap¬ 
plied to the fimbriae of the fallopian tubes. [L., 
“ Devil’s bite.”] 

mort. The French word signifying death, as M. de 
chien (mor de shi-ah), “ dog’s death,” spasmodic 
cholera, or death therefrom. 

mor'tal. i. Subject to death; destined to die. 2. 
Fatal; causing death. M. wound, a wound caus¬ 
ing death. [< L. morta'lis, fr. mors death.] 
mor-tal'i-ty. i. The condition of one who is mor¬ 
tal; subjection to death; frequency of death. 2. 
Death*rate. Bills of m., lists of the numbers of 
those who have died at a given place within a 
given time. 


mor'tar. A vessel used in pharmacy for pulveriz- 


c^Pestle. [ < L. wor/a'nww.] 
ous. Death*bringing; fatal. 


ing solid substances: usually made of Wedge- 
wood ware, agate, glass, or iron, and sometimes of 
porcelain, 
mor-tif'er- 
mor’ti-f i- 
ity in, or 
grene; ne¬ 
crosis. [< L. 
mortifica'tio, fr. 
mors death -1- fa'- 
cere to make.] 
fmor'ti-fy. 
mor-ti-sec'tion. An 
autopsy. [< L. 
mors death+ 5 cc'- 
tio cutting.] 
mor'ti-sem'blant. 

One apparently 
dead, fmor'ti- 
sem'blance. mor*- 
ti-sem'blan-cy. 

mor'ti-sim'u-lant. One suffering from 
animation, fnior'ti-sim'u-lance. 

Mor'ton’s discovery. Ether anaesthesia. 



Mortar and Pestle. 


suspended 
[W. T. 

G. Morton, the dentist, in 1846.] M.’s disease, 
foot, or toe, a painful affection of the metatar¬ 
sophalangeal joint of the fourth toe, marked by 
inflammation, swelling, and sometimes a neuritis 
of the adjoining nerves; metatarsalgia. M.’s 
plane, one passing through those points of the 
parietal and occipital protuberances which pro¬ 
ject furthest. [T. G. Morton in 1876.] 
mor'tu-a-ry. r. Pertaining to the dead, or to fu¬ 
nerals. 2, A deadshouse. [< L. mor'tuus dead.] 
mor'u-la. The s^ mented ovum due to impregna¬ 
tion at that stage when it resembles a mulberry, 
being composed of a mass of an even number of 
mutually compressed cells or blastomeres, the 
process being called mor-u-la'tion. [L., dim. of 
mo'rus mulberry.] fnioi'^u-loid. 
mor'u-lus. i. Framboesia, or the disease called the 
yaws. 2. A single yaw or framboesial sore. [L., 
dim. of mo'rus mulberry.] fmor^u-loid. 

Mo'rus. Mulberry, a genus of urticaceous trees, 
comprising several species, bearing black, red, or 
white fruit. The bark and root are purgative 
and vermifuge, Mori succus. [L.] 

Mor'van’s disease. An analgesic paresis of the 
upper extremity (and more rarely of the lower 
also) with trophic lesions, such as necrosis or ul¬ 
ceration of the digits. Gowers considers the 
disease to be syringomyelia with a peripheral 
neuritis. [Described in 1883.] 
morve. = Glanders. [F., fr. L. mor'feM5 disease.] 
mor'vin. =Mallein. 

mo-sa'ic gold. Tin bisulphide. M. layer of Henle 

= MESORETINA. 

mos'cha-tin (mos'ca-tm). A bitter compound, 
C21H27NO.J, derived from Achille'a moscha'ta. 
mos'chus*. Musk, the dried secretion from the 
preputial follicles of Mos'chus moschif'erus, or 
musk deer. It is imported from China and Cal¬ 
cutta and is used as a perfume, and in medicine 
is peculiarly adapted for cases which call for the 
united influence of a highly diffusible stimulant 
and a powerful antispasmodic. Such are cases 
of low typhoid fever, accompanied by sub- 
sultus tendinum, tremors, and singultus. Its ex¬ 
pense prevents its more general use. Dose, 0.25 
Gm. (4 grs.). [< Arab. mo5di.] fmos-chif'e-rous. 
Mo'ser’s serum. = Antiscarlatinal serum. 








MOSETIGsMOORHOF FILLING 583 

Mo-se'tigsMoor'hof filling. A filling made of 6o 
parts of iodoform; 40 parts of spermaceti; and 40 
parts of oil of sesame: used after resection of 
tuberculous joints. 

Mos'ler’s diabetes. Polyuria due to the presence of 
excessive amounts of inosite in the blood. 

mos-qui'to, pi. -toes. A popular term for various 
genera of small, winged, bloodssucking insects, 
of great importance in producing disease, includ- 



Attitude ok Mosquitoes on Wall. — A. Anopheles. 

B. Culex. (Emerson.) 

ing among the pathogenic genera the Anopheles 
for MALARIA, Stegomyia for YELLOW FEVER, and 
certain varieties of Culex for filariasis. 
SiMULIUM. 

moss. I. Musci. 2. j^Agar (Ceylon m.); Ce- 
TRARiA (Iceland m.); Chondrus (carrageen and 
Irish m.); Lycopodium (club m.); Sphagnum. 
M.sfibres of Cajal, the fine fibres of the cells of 
Purkinje which end partly in the granule=layer 
and partly in the molecular cerebellar layer. 
Moss'man fever. A peculiar fever of North Queens¬ 
land attended with sudden headache, malaise, 
and fever, the tongue being coated and breath 
offensive, ending by crisis in 10 to 14 days, the 
posterior axillary glands becoming enlarged and 
painful: affects those cutting sugar cane, 
mo-ta'ri um. Lint. [L.] 
moth patch. == Chloasma. 

moth'er. A female parent. M. cell, i, A cell be¬ 
fore segmentation, 2. A cell containing daughter 
cells within itself. 3. One of the testicular cells 
from which the spermatozoa are finally produced. 
4. = Myelocyte. M. cyst, parent cyst. M, 
liquor, the liquor which remains after the separa¬ 
tion of the crystallizable part from a solution. M. 
nucleus, karyokinesis. M.sofspearl osteo¬ 
myelitis, an occupation disease affecting those 
who work in mother of pearl. M. skein, spi- 
rem; karyokinesis. M. star = monaster, 
Karyokinesis. M. tincture, in homoeopathic 
medicine, the strong tincture from which dilu¬ 
tions of various strength are made. M. of vinegar 
= MATER ACETI. M. Wreath, KARYOKINESIS. 

moth'er’s mark or spot. A n^vus. M.’s salve = 

UNGUENTUM FUSCUM. 

moth'er-wort. =Leonurus. 

moth'ersyaw. The largest and most persistent of 
a crop of yaws, or framboesial sores, 
mo-til'i-ty. Power of moving; voluntary motion; 
the power of performing movements of the differ¬ 
ent parts of the body. |mo'tile. mo'tion. 
mo'tive. Inducement; cause of motion; incentive; 
that which determines or moves the will, as in 
the commission of a crime, 
mo'tor, pi. moto'res. i. A mover: applied to mus¬ 
cles, nerves, vehicles, etc. 2. Relating to motion; 
causing motion. M. anomalies, variations from 


MOUILLA 

normal movement, especially in the eye, as in 
DEORSUMDUCTION, SURSUMDUCTION, etC. M. 
aphasia, s^.^phasia. M. area, the ascending 
and transverse frontal and the ascending parietal 
and marginal convolutions; excitable, excito- 
motor, sensorimotor, kinaesthetic, or rolandic 
area. M. ataxia, lack of muscular coordination 
in walking. M. aura, certain convulsive phenom¬ 
ena sometimes preceding an attack of epilepsy. 
M. cell, a nerve=cell in which motor impulse is 
generated. M. centre, a nerve-centre which gen¬ 
erates and regulates motor impulse. ^ Cere¬ 
bral LOCALIZATION. M. cortical centres, nerve- 
centres situated in the cortex of the ascending 
parietal and ascending frontal convolutions, and 
including the centres for generating voluntary 
movements. M. depressant, depressant. M. 
driver’s spine, an occupation neurosis from over- 
indulgence in automobiling. M. endsorgans, the 
terminations of the motor nerves of striated mus¬ 
cles. M. endsplate, end-plate. M. fibres, 
centrifugal nerve-fibres conveying motor stimuli. 
M. impulse, a nerve-impulse or influence which 
produces motion. M. lobe, physiological 
LOBES. M. nerves, efferent nerves which carry 
the impulse of motion to the muscles. M. nu¬ 
cleus. I. {Of the glossopharyngeal.) = Nucleus 
AMB iGUUS*. 2. {Of the trigeminal.) One of the 
ovoid masses of cells on the inner side of the ac¬ 
cessory sensory nucleus. M. oc'uli or M. oc'uli 
commu'nis, the third cranial nerve, because it is 
the motor supply of all the eye-muscles except the 
superior oblique and the external rectus. M. pa¬ 
ralysis, paralysis of the motor nerves of a part. 
Total paralysis causes serious disorders, as ptosis, 
exophthalmia, mydriasis, etc. M. path, the path 
over which a motor impulse passes from the brain 
to the muscles. M. point, i. The point at which 
a motor nerve enters a muscle. 2. A point on 
the surface of the body at which, if galvanic stim¬ 
ulation be applied, it will produce contraction 
of the corresponding muscle. M. root. i. The 
starting point of a spinal nerve. 2. Nervus mas- 
ticatorius. M.ssensory nerves, nerves containing 
motor and sensory fibres. M. sphere, the region 
of the central nervous system which when stimu¬ 
lated causes movement. M. tract, the path taken 
by a motor impulse between the brain and a 
muscle. Voluntary m. tract, the nervous tract 
between the cortex and the anterior horns of the 
spinal cord. [L., fr. move're to move.] f^io-to'- 
ri al, as M. end^plate, ^ end-plate, mo'to-ry. 
mo'tor-graph. =Motormeter. t^^^o-tor-graph'ic. 
mo-to'ri um. The hypothetical common centre of 
motory influences or impulses controlling the 
various individual motor centres; motorium com¬ 
mune: so called in distinction from the sen- 
SORIUM. [L.] 

mo-to'ri us, pi. moto'rii. A motor nerve. M. oc'¬ 
uli commu'nis, the third cranial nerve, 
mo'tor-me-ter. A kinesiometer, especially one for 
measuring muscular motions of the stomach, 
mo'to-ro-ger'mi-na-tive. Developing into the mus¬ 
cular system, as the mesoderm. 
mo'tor-pa-thy. Treatment of di.sease by gymnastic 
exercise; movement cure. [< L. mo'tor mover -1- 
Tzddog disease.] 

mo-tric'i-ty. Motor impulse sent along a nerve, 
mot'tled kidney. = Spotted kidney. 
mou-cen'na. o-Albizzia anthelmintica. 
mouches volantes. =Musc^ volitantes. [F.] 
mou-il'la. A liquid soap containing much glycerin 






MOULD 


584 


MUCIC ACID 


mould. I. A common name for many species of fila¬ 
mentous fungi which grow parasitically on organic 
matter, preying upon provisions, as bread and 
cheese, and attacking other substances, as gum 
and ink, and thus destroying their valuable 
properties, Hyphomycetes ; Schizomycetes. 
[Probably fr. Icel. mygla to grow musty.] 2. A 
form or matrix for shaping something, Cast. 
[ < L. mod'ulus model.] 



Paraffin Mould for the Preparation of Paraffin 

Blocks. 

mould'ed silver nitrate. = Argenti nitras fusus*. 
mould'ing process. The accommodation of the 
fetal head during labor to the shape of the pelvic 
canal. 

moult'ing. The act or process of casting off feath¬ 
ers, skin, etc., which are later on replaced, 
mound'ing. =Myoidema. 

mount. I. To make ready for microscopic study. 
2. In palmistry any one of the prominences, 
or eminences, seen on the palm of the hand, 
— viz., Mount of Apollo, of Jupiter, of Mer¬ 
cury, of the Moon, of Saturn, and of Venus. To 
the anatomist these “ mounts” are known as 
the thenar, hypothenar, etc., eminences. [< L. 
mans mountain.] 

moun'tain anaemia. = Ankylostomiasis. M. ash, 
SoRBUs. M. cure, treatment by high alti¬ 
tudes. i^Oertel’s method. M. fat, paraffin. 
M. fever, i. = Veta. 2. A type of fever, resem¬ 
bling typhoid and malaria, which often attacks 
newcomers in the mountains of Colorado, said to 
be due to the bite of a special tick. M. laurel = 
K.\lmia latifolia. M. sickness, a disease affect¬ 
ing persons who, having been accustomed to 
lower levels, have gone to mountainous regions; 
hypsonosus; oronosus; puna. It is characterized 
by vertigo, nausea, dyspnoea, and headache, 
mounting. The preparation of specimens for pres¬ 
ervation and study, especially the arrangement 
of microscopic objects on a slide. M. cell, a ring 
surrounding and supporting the coversglass: 
used to prevent spreading of the mounting fluid, 
mouse septicaemia. Septicaemia produced in mice 
by inoculations with the Bacillus murisep'ticus. 
mouth. I. The beginning of the alimentary canal, 
it being the cavity (cavum oris*) from the lips to 
the pharynx, consisting successively of the rima 
oris*, the vestibulum oris*, and the cavum oris 
proprium*. M.sbreathing, habitual breathing 
through the mouth, thus losing the beneficial 
results attendant upon normal breathing. (See 
illustration, next column.) ^Adenoids. M.sgag, 
a device or special instrument for keeping the 
mouth open during operations. M.spresentation, 
presentation of the mouth of the foetus in labor. 
2. The entrance to a canal or cavity, as the 
M . of the uterus = os uteri. 



Mouth-breathing.— Shown in a 
patient with adenoids and en¬ 
larged tonsils. 


mov'a-ble articulation or joint. A diarthrosis, as 
the ball*and»socket joint, gliding joint, hinge* 
joint, and rotary joint. Tumors and various 
organs of the body, as the liver and spleen 
and especially the 
kidney (=float- 
iNG kidney), are 
often movable. 

^Enteroptosis. 
move'ment. The 
act of changing 
place; a motion, 
as AM CE B o ID , 

Brownian, Cir¬ 
cus, Fetal, and 
Reflex move¬ 
ments. M. of the 
bowels, the action 
of the bowels 
which causes a 
discharge of fae¬ 
ces ; also the faeces 
discharged. M.s 
cure, a mode of 
treating diseases 
by movements or 
gymnastic exer¬ 
cise, first used by Ling, a Swede; kinesitherapy. 
It comprises active and passive movements. 
mow'ers’ mite. =Leptus autumnalis. 
mowTic acid. An irritant and haemolytic amor¬ 
phous acid with a digitalisdike action from mow- 
rah seeds, the seeds of Bas'sia longifo'lia. 
mox'a. A soft, woolly, easily inflammable sub¬ 
stance prepared from the dried young leaves of 
Chinese and Japanese Artemis'ia in the form of 
a cone, the tip of which is lit and burned on the 
skin to produce an eschar, with a view to cause 
revulsion. Artificial moxas are also made of 
cotton impregnated with nitre or chlorate of 
potassium. ^ Galvanic moxa; Paquelin’s 
CAUTERY; EXUTORIA. M.shearer, an instrument 
for applying a moxa. [Jap.] tmox-i-bu'ri um. 
mox-i-bus'tion, the remedial application of the 
moxa. mox-o-cau'sis, application of the moxa. 
mox-o-sphy'ra, an iron hammer plunged into boil¬ 
ing water for one or two minutes and the surface 
now and then applied to the skin as a counter- 
irritant or imbefacient. 

Ms. The symbol for masrium. 

M.S. mixture. An anaesthetic composed of 5 7 parts 
ether and 43 parts chloroform, 
mshan'gu. An African arrowspoison. 
mu. ^ fi set commencement of letter M. M. angle, 
the angle included between the radius fixus and 
a line joining the nasion and the alveolar point, 
mu-a-win'ine, mu-a'vine. An alkaloid, possessing a 
stimulant action upon the heart, derived from 
mu-a'win bark of Madagascar. 

Muc. Abbr. for mucilage, 
mu-cam'ide. A white, crystalline 

HjgNgOg, formed from treating mucic ether 
mu'eate. A salt of mucic acid. 
mu'ce-din. A proteid constituent of gluten. 
Mucedin'eae. A family of hyphomycetous moulds. 
mu-ce'do. I. Mucilage. 2 . Mucus. [L.] 
mu-cen'te-ron. The intestinal epithelium. 

Much’s reaction. Cobra*venom haemolysis inhibi¬ 
tion by the serum in dementia praecox; psycho* 
reaction. 


substance, Cg- 


mu'cic acid, 
milkssugar, etc 


An oxidation product, C^jHjgOjg, 
M. ether = ethyl mucate. 


of 


























MUCIFEROUS 


585 


MUCOUS 


mu-cif'e-rous. Producing mucus. 
mu-cif'ic. Forming mucus. 
mu'ci-form. Resembling mucus. 
mu'ci-gen. A principle, convertible into mucin, 
found in mucous=gland cells and mucous tissues, 
mu-cig'e-nous. i. = Muciparous. 2. Resembling 
mucin. 

mu'ci-lage. An aqueous solution of gum or a thick 
liquid obtained by extracting the soluble muci¬ 
laginous principles of drugs in water; mucilago: 
used as demulcents, emulsifying agents, etc. A 
large part of the mucilage sold in shops is made 
of dextrin. [< L. mucila'go mouldy mixture.] 
tmu-ci-la-gi-no'sa, mucilaginous remedies, mu- 
ci-lag'i-nous, as M. glands of Havers = synovial 
FOLD: and M . urine, urine containing much mucus, 
mu-ci-la'go, gen. -la'ginis. = Mucilage. M. 
aca'ciae*, “ mucilage of acacia,” a 34% solution 
of acacia in lime water and water. Dose, 16 Cc. 
(4 fl. drs.). M. am'yli, “mucilage of starch,” a 
thin mucilage prepared from starch (120 grains 
to 10 ounces of water): convenient as a vehicle 
in medicinal clysters. M. chon'dri, the N. F. 
mucilage of Irish moss in 2 to 3% aqueous 
solution. M. dextri'ni, the N. F. name for muci¬ 
lage of dextrin, 335 Gm. to water to make 1000 
Cc. M. sa'lep, the N. F. name for mucilage of 
salep in 1% aqueous solution. M. sas'safras 
medul'lae*, “mucilage of sassafras pith,” a 2% 
aqueous solution of sassafras pith: much used as 
an application to the eye in conjunctivitis. Dose, 
16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). M. tragacan'thae*, “mucilage 
of tragacanth,” a mixture containing 6 Gm. of 
tragacanth, 18 Gm. of glycerin, and sufficient 
water to make 100 Gm.: chiefly used in making 
pills and troches. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). M. uF- 
mi*, “mucilage of elm,” a 6% aqueous extract 
of ELM : freely used as a demulcent and nutritious 
drink in catarrhal and nephritic diseases and in 
inflammatory intestinal affections, 
mu'cin. A native proteid combined with a member 
of the carbohydrate group; mucosin. One of 
several peculiar animal substances, containing 
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur: 
found in mucus, connective tissue, jelly of 
Wharton, etc. Albuminates. M.5sugar = 
LEVULOSE. [< L. muci'na, fr. mu'cus mucus or 
gum.] fniu'ci-noid, as M. globulin, a proteid 
not unlike mucin, mu'ci-nous, as M. cysts. 
mu-ci-nae'mi a. The presence of mucin in the blood, 
mu'ci-nase. I.M. ’06.] 
mu-cin'o-blast. =Mast*cell. 
mu-cin'o-gen. =Mucigen. 

mu-ci-nu'ri a. The presence of mucin in the urine, 
mu-cip'a-rous. Producing or secreting mucus: ap¬ 
plied to glands. 

mu-ci'tis. Inflammation of a mucous membrane, 
mu-civ'o-rous. Subsisting or living on mucin or 
gum, as certain insects. 

mu'co-. Relating to mucus: a combining form. 
[< L. mu'cus mucus.] mu'co-cele. i. A catar¬ 
rhal enlargement of the lachrymal sac, occasion¬ 
ing LACHRYMAL FISTULA, DACRYOCYSTOBLENNOR- 

RHCEA, etc. 2. Ectasis or dilatation of a part by 
the formation of mucous cysts, as of the cells of 
the turbinate process of the ethmoid bone or the 
frontal sinus. — muxo-co-li'tis, a secretion neu¬ 
rosis of the mucous membrane of the colon, at¬ 
tended with colic and the passage of mucous and 
membranous casts; membranous enteritis; mu- 
comembranous colitis; tubular diarrhoea; mucous 
colic; myxoneurosis intestinalis.— mu-co-col'pos, 


a collection of mucus in the vagina.— mu*co-cu- 
ta'ne-ous, composed of or pertaining jointly to 
the mucous membrane and the skin.— mu'co- 
derm = corium. fmu-co-der'mal. — mu'cosen- 
te-ri'tis, inflammation of the intestinal mucous 
membrane.— mu-co-glob'u-lin, any one of a group 
of proteids to which plastin belongs.— mu'coid, 
see in vocabulary place at end of this list.— mu'- 
col, a preparation of salicylic acid, glycerin, and 
menthol: used in infectious diseases of mouth and 
throat.— mu'co-lite, a vegetable mucilage.— mu- 
col'y-sin, a cytolysin able to destroy mucus.— 
mu-co-mem'bra-nous, composed of, or pertaining 
to, mucus and membranes, as M. colitis co- 
colitis. — mu-con'ic acid, a white, crystalline 
substance, CgHgO^.— mu-co-pep'tone, a variety of 
peptone formed in the gastric digestion of mucus, 
together with certain albuminoids.— mu‘co-per- 
i-os'teum, periosteum covered with mucous 
membrane, as in parts of the ear. fniu’co-per-i- 
os'te al. — mu'co-pus, mucus containing pusscells; 
pus and mucus blended. f^^-co-puTu-lent. — 
mu-co'sa, a mucous membrane. fmu-co'sal. 

— mu-co-sal'i-va-ry, containing or resembling 
mucus and saliva. — mu-co-sed'a-tive, allaying 
the irritability of the mucous memljrane. — 
mu-co-se'rous, both mucous and serous.— mu- 
co'sin, the mucin of the thicker varieties of mu¬ 
cus, as found in the uterine and nasal cavities.— 
mu-cos'ma = milk^sickness. — mu-co-soFvene, 
a proprietary disinfectant: used in diphtheria.— 
mu-co-so-sac'cha-rin, nonscrystallizable sugar. 

— mu-co-so'zin = m ycosozin. 

mu'coid. I. Resembling mucus. M. degeneration 
or softening = MUCOUS degeneration. M. tis¬ 
sue, jelly-like connective tissue, such as occurs 
in the umbilical cord. M. tumor = myxoma. 2. 
One of a group of glycoproteids, found in carti¬ 
lage, white of egg, certain cysts, the cornea, etc., 
as colloid, chondromucoid, and pseudomucin, 
differing from the true mucins in their solubili¬ 
ties and precipitation properties. M. sugar = 

LEVULOSE. 

Mu'cor. A genus of mould=fungi (Hyphomyce'tes), 
often saprophytic, but seldom causing myco.sis in 
man. M. corym'bifer, a mould^fungus found in 
wheat bread, in the ear, etc.: pathogenic to 
rabbits. M. muce'do, a variety found in faeces 
and growing upon nitrogenous substances. M. 
na'rium, a variety found in the nose. M. phy- 
comy'ces, grease-mould. M. racemo'sus, a patho¬ 
genic species found in beer-yeast, bread, dis¬ 
eased pine-apples, etc.: sometimes causing in¬ 
testinal inflammation. M. ramo'sus, a very 
malignant species found in wheat bread and in 
the ear in otomycosis. M. rhizopodifor'mis, a 
pathogenic fungus sometimes found in wheat 
bread, and in the mouth in hyperkeratosis: fatal 
to rabbits, fniu-co-rif'e-rous ; mu-cor'in-ous. 

mu'cor-in. An albuminoid from moulds. 

mu-co'sa. ^Muco-. 

mu'cose. = Mucous. 

mu'co-sin. = Mucin. 

mu'cous, mu'cose. Belonging to or resembling 
MUCUS; covered with a slimy secretion, or with 
a coat that is soluble in water and becomes slimy. 
M. bursa= BURSA mucosa*.* M. cancer = coL- 
LOID CANCER. M. CaStS = CYLINDROID, def. 2. 
M. cells, cells which secrete mucus: found lining 
certain glands. M. colitis or colit=MucocoLiTis. 
M. corpuscles, bodies found in mucus resembling 
leucocytes. M. cyst, a glandular variety arising 


MUCRO 


586 


MULTANGULAR 


in the acini or ducts. M. degeneration, degener¬ 
ation of tissue in which the cells are converted 
into a glutinous liquid containing mucin. M. 
disease, enterocolitis, especially seen in children. 
M.fermentation = VISCOUS fermentation, def. i. 
M. fever = typhoid fever. M. follicles, the 
follicles or minute glands belonging to the mucous 
membranes which secrete mucus. M. glands, 
glands whose alveoli contain mucous cells and 
which secrete mucus, such as those of the salivary 
glands and stomach; glandulae mucosae"^. M. 
glands of Krause = Krause’s glands. M. layer, 
the stratum mucosum of the epidernlis. M. lig¬ 
ament, a fold of the synovial membrane which 
extends back into the knee-joint from a point 
below the patella. M. membrane, membrane. 
M. ophthalmia, catarrhal ophthalmia. M. 
patch or papule, a flat, indurated, moist condy¬ 
loma, occurring in syphilis where surfaces come 
in contact, as at the anus. M. phthisis, a variety 
of tubercular gastro-enteritis in which much 
mucus is passed. M. polypus, any soft, gelatinous, 
polypoid growth; cellular polypus. M. rale = 

RALE MUQUEUX. M. SaTCOma = MYXOSARCOMA. 

M. tissue, a form of gelatinous connective tissue 
like that which forms the umbilical cord. It 
occurs in various embryonic tissues 
and myxomata. M. transformation 
= M. DEGENERATION. M. tumor = 

MYXOMA. [< L. muco'sus, fr. mu'- 
cus mucus or gum.] fmu-cos'i-ty. 
mu'cu-lent. 

mu'cro. A sharp terminal point. M. 
cor'dis, the apex, or lower end, of the 
heart. M. hu'meri, the acromion 
process of the scapula. [L.] fmu- 
cro'ni-form. mu'cro-nate, as a M. 
leaf. 

mucrona'tum cartila'go. The ensiform cartilage of 
the sternum. [L., “ pointed cartilage.”] 

Mucu'na. i. A genus of leguminous plants. 2. 
Cowage or M. pruriens; also the spiculae or hairs 
from the pods of this species: used as a vermi¬ 
fuge and irritant. 

mu^cus. The viscid liquid secretion of a mucous 
membrane. It is composed of water and mucin, 
having in suspension leucocytes, epithelial cells, 
etc. Mucous. Vegetable m. = TRAGACANTHiN. 

muMar, ma'dar. A name for the Calot'ropis gigan'- 
tea {mada'rii), the bark, root, and juice of which 
are used in India for elephantiasis and other cu¬ 
taneous diseases: said to be alterative and sudo¬ 
rific. Its active»principle is mu'da-rin (ma'da-rin), 
which is remarkable in that it coagulates by heat 
and becomes fluid again on exposure to cold. 

mudsbath. The partial or general immersion of 
the body in mud (as of hot springs, volcanic de¬ 
posits, salt marshes, etc., some of which possess 
radio-active properties), for therapeutic purposes, 
especially for the treatment of skin diseases and 
rheumatic affections; illutamentum. M. poultice, 
a derogatory term for preparations similar to 

CATAPLASMA KAOLINI*. 13 ^ FANGOTHERAPY. 

Miig 'litz-ol. A German proprietary formaldehyde 
preparation for sweating feet. 

Miil'lersLy'er’s illusion. The seeming greater length 
of a line having oblique divergent pairs of lines 
at the ends to one having similar oblique but 
convergent lines. 

Muller’s (miillerian) annular muscle (mii'lgrz or 
mii-li'ri-an). The circular fibres of the ciliary 
muscle. M.’s capsule = Bowman’s capsule. 


M.’s cyst, a cyst containing pus, blood, mucus, 
etc., formed in the remnants of Muller’s duct. 
M.’s duct, one of the organs in the embryo 
from which the vagina, uterus, and oviducts are 
formed; ductus Muelleri*. M.’s dust=particles 
(bloodsmotes) = HyEMOKONiA. M.’s fibres, sup¬ 
porting neurogliar fibres extending the entire 
thickness of the retina between the outer and 
inner limiting membranes; sustentacular fibres. 
M.’s fluid, a hardening fluid for microscopical ob¬ 
jects, consisting of i part of sodium sulphate, 2 
parts of potassium bichromate, and 100 parts of 
distilled water. M.’s ganglion, i. The jugular 
ganglion. 2. The prostatic ganglion. M.’s muscle. 
I. A layer of muscle-fibres over the sphenomaxil¬ 
lary fissure in man. 2. The superior and inferior 
palpebral muscles. 3. = M.’s annular muscle. 
M.’s operation, the removal of the gravid uterus 
by abdominal section when there is a tumor of 
the uterus and the foetus is non-viable. M.’s 
ring, a muscular ring situated where the canal of 
the cervix joins the cavity of the body of the 
uterus in an advanced stage of pregnancy. M.’s 
sarcoma, adenofibroma of the breast. M.’s sign, 
the pulsation of the soft palate and tonsils noted 
in aortic insufficiency. 

Miinch'mey-er’s disease. Diffuse progressive ossify¬ 
ing myositis. 

muff. An apparatus for restraining the hands and 
aims of the insane, masturbators, etc. 
mu'gramme. The one-thousandth part of a mil¬ 
ligramme; a micromilligramme; abbr. fig. 
muguet (mu-g 6 ). —Thrush. [F.] 
mug'wort. The plant Artemis'ia vulga'ris. 
mu-hin'yo. Malta fever of Lake Albert Edward, 
in the centre of Africa. [T| L. ij. ’10.] 
mu*i-o-ceph'a-lum, -ceph'a-lon. A protrusion of 
the iris through a wound of the cornea: so called 
from its resemblance to a fly’s head. 
mu*i-o-de-sop'si a. An affection of the eyes in which 
MUSCLE voLiTANTES are present. t^SvNCHYSis. 
mu-i-rac'i-thin. A proprietary lecithin compound 
of mu-i'ra pu-a'ma, an Amazonian shrub used in 
the treatment of impotence, 
mu-lat'to. The offspring of black and white parents, 
mul'ber-ry. The fruit of Mo'rus ni'gra and other 
species of Morus. M. body = morula. M. cal¬ 
culus, a urinary calculus of a dark-brown color, 
having the surface studded with small protube¬ 
rances like a mulberry. It consists of calcium 
oxalate, and is the hardest of the urinary calculi. 

Urinary CALCULUS. M. germ, a morula. M. 
mark, N,Evus vinosus. M. mass = morula. 
M. rash, the eruption characteristic of typhus 
fever. M. tongue = strawberry tongue. 
Mul'der’s angle. = Angle of Mulder. M.’s test, 
the indigo-carmin test. 

Mules’s operation. The insertion and attachment 
of a hollow silver or glass ball after evisceration 
of the eyeball. M.’s scoop, a curette used in 
operations on the eye. [Philip Henry Mules, an 
English ophthalmologist, 1843-1905.] 
mu-li-eb'ri-ty. Womanhood; puberty, 
mull. A soft muslin gauze used for surgical dress¬ 
ings. M. plaster, mull coated with gutta-percha 
or impregnated with various medicinal salves, 
mullein. iS" Verbascum. 

Miiller. See as if written Mueller. 
mu-lo-med'i-cus. A veterinary surgeon, or horse- 
doctor. [< L. mu'lus mule-f mcd'fcMs physician.] 
tmulo-med-i-ci'na = veterinary medicine. 
mult-an'gu-lar. Having many angles. 



Mucronate 

Leaf. 




MULTANGULUM 


587 


MUREXIDE 


mult-an^gu-lum. Manysangled, as os niultangulum 
tnajus*, the trapezium ; and os multangulutn 
minus*, the trapezoid. [L.] 

mul'ti-. Denoting a large number; many; numer¬ 
ous; POLY-: a combining form. t^MoNo-. [< 

L. mul'tus many.] mul-ti-cap'su-lar, having nu¬ 
merous capsules.— mul-ti-cel'lu-lar, having many 
cells.— mul*ti-cus-pi-da'ti, the true molar teeth, 
as they have several cusps on the crown, tmul- 
ti-cus'pi-date. — mubti-fe-ta'tion, pregnancy with 
more than two foetuses.— mul'ti-fid, mul-tif'i- 
dous, manyscleft; having many divisions: ap¬ 
plied especially to a muscle of the spine which 
has numerous attachments.— multif'idus spi'nae, 
a deeply situated compound muscle of the back, 
forming part of the transversospinalis ; mus- 
culus muUifidus*. — mul'ti-form, as M. hone, the 
cuneiform bone of the carpus.— mul-ti-gan'gli-o- 
nate, having many ganglia.— mul-ti-grav'i-da, 
a woman who has been pregnant several or many 
times.— mul-ti-gy'rate, having many gyri or con¬ 
volutions.— mul-ti-lo'bate, mul-ti-lob'u-late, hav¬ 
ing many lobes.— mul-ti-loc'u-lar, having many 
cavities, as M. cyst, one composed of several dis¬ 
tinct compartments, as in the echinococcus; com¬ 
pound cyst.— mul-ti-mam'ma, polymastia. — 
mul-ti-no'date, -nod'u-lar, having several nodes 
or nodules.— ■mul-ti-nu'cle-ar, -nu'cle-ate, having 
several nuclei, as a cell.— mul’ti-nu-cle'o-late, 
having several nucleoli, as a cell.— mul-tip'a-ra. 

1. A woman who has borne more than one child. 

2. A female bringing forth several young at a 
birth. ^Nullipara; primipara; secundipara; 
tertipara; quartipara; quintipara; sextip- 
ara ; etc. tmul-ti-par'i-ty. mul-tip'a-rous. mul- 
ti-par'i-ent. — mul-ti-par'tite, divided into many 
parts.— mul-ti-po'lar, having more than two 
processes or poles: said of nerve=cells.— mul-ti- 
sep'tate, having many septa or partitions.— mul- 
ti-tes'tis, one who has more than two testicles. 

— mul’ti-tu-ber'cu-late, having many tubercles. 

— mul-tiv'a-lent, equal in displacing or combin¬ 
ing power to more than two hydrogen atoms, 
tmul-ti v'a-lence. 

nurti-ple. Manifold; having or composed of sev¬ 
eral distinct parts. M. embolism, embolism. 

M. fracture, fracture of a bone in which there are 
two or more lines of fracture not communicating 
with each other M. gangrene, gangrene occur¬ 
ring simultaneously in various places and pro¬ 
gressing with extreme rapidity: sometimes met 
with in Raynaud’s disease. M. labor, ts- M. 
PREGNANCY. M. ligation, ligation of a vessel at 
several points. M. lymphadenoma = Hodgkin’s 
DISEASE. M. neuritis, inflammation attacking 
various nerves at once. It is most commonly 
due to alcoholism, but may also be caused by 
lead, mercury, or arsenic poisoning or various in¬ 
fectious diseases, as typhoid fever, diphtheria, etc. 
Beriberi is a form of multiple neuritis. M. pa¬ 
ralysis, a complication of various local paralyses. 
M. pregnancy (gestation), the condition of hav¬ 
ing more than one foetus in the womb at the 
same time. M. proportions, law of, law. M. 
sclerosis, SCLEROSIS. M. staining, staining of 
tissue with several different stains. M. vision = 
POLYOPIA. 

mu-lun-gu'. The bark of a South American and 
West Indian tree, Erythri'na coralloden'dron, the 
corabtree or bean^tree. It is sedative, discutient, 
vermifuge, and sudorific. The leaves, flowers, and 
root are also medicinal. 


mu-lyp'tol. A drug used in the treatment of diph¬ 
theria. [U L. ij. ’04.] 

mum'my. A body which has been preserved by 
the process of embalming, especially by the Egyp¬ 
tian method with wax, spices, etc. Adipocere. 
[< Pers. mom wax.] tnium*mi-fi-ca'tion. i. 
= Embalming. 2. The process of dry gangrene, 
due to the rapid drying of exposed gangrenous 
parts and the consequent interruption of the proc¬ 
ess of decay: M. of the foetus, the desiccation 
and compression of a dead retained foetus, mum'- 
mi-fied, as M. pulp, a dental pulp affected with 
dry gangrene. 

mumps. An acute contagious febrile disease of 
unknown origin, especially of children and young 
men, marked by inflammation, without suppu¬ 
ration, of one (single m.) or both (double m.) pa¬ 
rotid glands; epidemic parotitis. The other sali¬ 
vary glands, or even the lachrymal gland, may be 
involved, and sometimes there is metastasis to the 
testes, ovaries, mammary gland, or pancreas 
(metastatic m.). The incubation period is about 
14 days, and the acute symptoms last from 3 to 
7 days. 

mu'mu-ku. An Hawaiian strong wind. ^Mistral; 

SIROCCO. 

Miinch-mey'er. See as if written Muenchmeyer. 
munc'ti o, munc'tion. The act of blowing the nose, 
mun-dif'i-cant. A cleansing and healing ointment. 
[< L. mun'dus neat or clean -t- fa'cere to make.] 
tmun'di-fi-ca-tive, having a detergent action; a 
detergent medicine, 
mun'go. Ophioxylum. 

Mu'nich plane. = Auriculosinfraorbital plane. 
Mu'nich=Frankfort facial angle. = Virchow=H 6 l- 

DER ANGLE, 

mun-jis'tin. Purpuroxanthic acid obtained from 
mun'jeet, or East Indian madder, Ru'bia cor- 
difo'lia. 

mur. I. An old name for catarrh of the nose and 
throat. 2. = Murrain. 

mu'ral. Pertaining to a wall; occurring in the wall 
of an organ, as M. endocarditis or M. fibroids. 
M. abscess, an abscess in the abdominal wall, 
sometimes forming after laparotomy. M. gesta¬ 
tion or pregnancy, extra*uterine pregnancy in 
which the fcetus is imbedded in that part of the 
oviduct lying in the substance of the uterine wall. 
M. salpingitis = PACHYSALPINGITIS. [< L. mu'- 
rus wall.] 

Murat’s sign (mu-r 4 z). The uncomfortable feel¬ 
ing of vibration of the affected part in pulmo¬ 
nary tuberculosis on loud talking, 
mur'der. The act of intentionally and maliciously 
killing another. For conviction of M. in the first 
degree the ajCt must be shown to be premeditated 
or committed during the performance of arson, 
rape, robbery, or burglary. M. in the second 
degree, murder of all other kinds, fmur'der-er. 
mur'der-ess. 
mu'res. Plural of mus. 

Mu' rex. A genus of shelbfish noted for yielding 
the celebrated Tyrian purple of the ancients. [L.] 
mu-rex'ide. Ammonium purpurate, CgHgNgOg-f 
HgO. M. test, a test for uric acid, made by treat¬ 
ing the substance under examination with pure 
nitric acid, evaporating to dryness on the water* 
bath, and then moistening with ammonia water; 
Weidel’s reaction. If uric acid be present, mu- 
rexide will be formed, with the production of a 
purple color, which will change to blue upon the 
addition of sodium hydrate. [ < L. mu'rex purple.] 


MURIATIC 


588 


MUSICOTHERAPY 


mu-ri-at'ic. Belonging to or derived from sea^salt. 
M. acid = HYDROCHLORIC ACID. M. ether = ETHYL 
CHLORIDE, [< L. mu'ria brine.] tmu'ri ate, 
a chloride or hydrochlorate, mu'ri-a-ted, com¬ 
bined with chlorine, 
mu'ride, mu-ri'na. Bromine. 

mu'ri-form. i. Resembling a mulberry. M. body 
or mass = MORULA. [< L. mo'rus mulberry+ 
for'ma form.] 2. Resembling a wall. [< L. 
mu'rus wall -1- for'ma form.] 
mu'rine. A proprietary eyewash, 
mur'mur. A low sound, continued or continually 
repeated, like that of rolling waves or of wind in 
a forest. The term is applied to sounds of the 
lungs, heart, etc. (both normal and abnormal), 
heard in auscultation, as in aneurism, diseases 
of the brain, chlorosis, congenital heart disease, 
endocarditis, hernia, lung cavity, subclavian ar¬ 
tery in phthisis, valvular disease, etc. Among 
the many varieties Y)f m. are Abdominal (=bor- 
BORYGMUs), Accidental, Anemic, Aneurismal, 
Aortic, Apex, Arterial, Attrition (= peri¬ 
cardial), Backward (= indirect). Bellows {= 
bruit de soufflet). Bloods, Brain*, Cardiac, 
Cardiopulmonary, Diastolic, Direct, Dynam¬ 
ic, Exocardial, Fisher’s, Flint’s, Friction, 
Functional,H cpm/c (=bloodsm.),// wmmfngsio/? 

(= BRUIT DE DIABLE), INDIRECT, INORGANIC, Ml- 
TRAL, Muscular, Musical, New^leather (= bruit 
DE craquement). Obstructive (= direct). Or¬ 
ganic, Paradoxic, Prediastolic, Presystol- 
ic. Pulmonary, Respiratory, Spontaneous, 
Subclavian, Systolic, Vascular, Venous (= 
venous hum). Vesicular, and Whiffling or 
Whistling de diable). 

Mur'phy’s button. A mechanical device for anas¬ 
tomosing the ends of a divided intestine, the gall* 
bladder and duodenum, etc. It consists of two 
distinct buttonslike plates of metal or bone, each 
fitted with a collar and a hollow stem fastened 
to the centre, one stem being smaller than the 
other, so as to fit into it. Each of the cut ends 
of the intestine is passed over one of the buttons 
and fastened around the collar by a pursesstring 
suture. The smaller stem is then inserted into 
the larger and the two halves are pressed together. 
After a varying period of time, when approxima¬ 
tion and disintegration of the tissues have oc¬ 
curred, the button passes out per rectum. For an 
illustration showing the use of Murphy’s button, 
see illustration under cholecystenterostomy, p. 
192. Many variations of this button have been 
made, some of great ingenuity and service in 
surgical operations, Clark’s button; Mc- 
Graw’s elastic ligature. C. M. R. ’94.] M.’s 
repositor, an instrument for replacing a prolapsed 
umbilical cord into the womb. M.’s treatment, 



A self-retaining rectal tip, with catheter introduced. 


the introduction of fluid as a warm physiological 
salt solution, into the rectum, drop by drop, 
over a period of hours or days; proctoclysis: a 
useful procedure after abdominal operations, in 
peritonitis, and in the treatment of diphtheria 
and other infectious diseases. L 1 I J. A. M. A., 
April 17, ’09.] 


mur'rain. i. Any epizootic disease of sheep and 
cattle, at times transmitted to man. Bloody, 
dry, or yellow m. = Texas fever. Pulmonary 
m., pleuropneumonia of cattle or a disease which 
may be communicable to human subjects, as 
splenic fever or malignant anthrax (often called 
murrain). 2. = Footsandsmouth disease. [<C 
L. mori'ri to die.] 

mur'ray-in. A white, amorphous substance, 
Cj8H220^o, obtained from the flowers of Mur'raya 
exot'ica, or Chinese box. [< Johann Andreas 
Murray, a Swedish naturalist, 1740-1797.] 
mur'ton. = Clitoris. [< pvprov female genitals.] 
Mus, pi. mu'res. Mouse or rat. The bestsknown 
species are M. decuma'nus, M. minu'ius, M. 
mus'culus, M. rat'tus, and M. sylvat'icus, and 
the importance of their parasites in the trans¬ 
mission of disease is now well recognized, i®" 
Plague ; trypanosomiasis. Mu'res articulo'rum 
or articula'res = CORPORA libera articulorum. 
mu-sa-ri'na. Banana flour. 

Mus'ca, pi. mus'ccB. A genus of dipterous insects; 
the fly. M. bra'va, a fly said to.transmit mal de 
CADERAS. M. cae'sar, the sheepsfly. M. domes'- 
tica, the common housesfly. It does not bite, but 
may carry infectious material from its source, as 
in faeces, to food, and is of great importance 
in the transmission of typhoid. M. hispani'ola 
(hispan'ica) or vesicato'ria, the blisteringsfly. ^ 
Cantharis. M. vomito'ria, the botfly of the ox 
and sheep. Bot. [L.] Jmus*ce-ge-net'ic. 
mus'cae volitan'tes. Moteslike objects which are 
seen to hover before the sight, and which are 
due to small bodies floating in the vitreous 
humor of the eye. [L., “ hovering flies.”] 
mus'ca-del. = Muscatel. 
mus'cale buttons. = Mescal buttons. 
mus'car-dine. A disease of silkworms caused by 
the fungus Botrytis bassiana. 
mus'ca-rine. i. The name of a peculiar alkaloid, 
CgHjgNOg, obtained from Agar'icus musca'rius, 
the flysfungus, and A. pantheri'nus and Bole'tus 
lu'ridus. 2. A ptomaine, obtainable from rotten 
fish and from the lecithin of eggs. It has the 
consistence of syrup, is insipid and odorless, and 
is readily soluble in water and in alcohol. It is 
a violent cardiac poison, is diaphoretic, and resem¬ 
bles physostigma* somewhat in its action, pro¬ 
ducing free salivation, vomiting, dyspnoea, etc. 
It has been used as a remedy for hay fever, con¬ 
stipation, acute bronchitis, and diabetes insipidus. 
Dose of the nitrate, 0.02 Gm. (^ gr.). Atropine 
antagonizes it; and that drug, tannin, emetics, 
and stimulants may be given as antidotes, 
tmus-car'i-nism (mus-car-i-nis'mus) = mycetis¬ 
mus MUSCARI^NICUS. 

mus'ca-tel, mus'ca-del. A superior kind of grape, 
dried on the vine for fine table raisins; also a 
class of fragrant, sweet, but intoxicating wines, 
as those of Roussillon, France, 
mus-cer'da. The dung of mice: formerly used in 
epilepsy. [< L. mus mouse + mer'da dung.] 
Mus'ci. Mosses, a natural order of minute, small* 
leaved, cryptogamic plants belonging to the class 
Ac'rogens. A few are medicinal, others, as sphag¬ 
num, are used in preparing aseptic dressings, 
and many are edible. i®-Moss. [L., pi. of mM5'- 
cus moss.] t^us-col'o-gy, that branch of botany 
which treats of mosses. 

mu'si-co-ther'a-py. The application of musical 
sounds to the treatment of disease, especially of 
the insane. 















MUSCLE 


589 


MUSCULAR 


mus'cle. A structure, possessing contractility and 
composed chiefly of muscular tissue, by means 
of which the movements of the body are produced. 
Muscles which are under the influence of the will 
are called voluntary and are made up of striped 
or striated fibres; muscles not controlled by the 
will are iwoluntary and generally consist of un¬ 
striped or non=^striated fibres. Thus, the diaphragm 
is composed of both striated (cross^marked) and 
non-striated muscular tissue and is both a volun¬ 
tary and an involuntary muscle; the heart, how¬ 
ever, is made up of striated muscular tissue, which 
differs from voluntary muscle in the absence of 
sarcolemma and other peculiarities, and is not 
under the control of the will. Unstriated mus¬ 
cular fibres are found in the alimentary canal, 
uterus, bladder, and other localities. The end 
of a muscle near its origin or insertion is the 
head or caput*, and the fleshy thicker part mid¬ 
way between the ends is the belly or venter*, 
Muscular; musculus ; myo-. In this dictionary 
the individual muscles are for the most part 
entered under the qualifying title, as ciliary mus¬ 
cle under ciliary, or under their Latin names, as 
pterygoid muscle under pterygoideus. M.salbu- 
min, a variety of albumin occurring in musclestis- 
sue. M.sbalance, equilibrium. M.sbeating, a form 
of massage employed in cases of stiffened joints, 
coldness of the extremities, and muscular weak¬ 
ness. M., belly of, BELLY. M.sbound, affected 
with a kind of muscular hypertrophy due to exces¬ 
sive athletic training, which renders the muscle less 
elastic. M.sbundle, a bundle of musclesfibres en¬ 
closed in an investing membrane. M.scallus, a 
callus occurring in a muscle, as in the sterno- 
mastoid in infants or in the buttocks of those 
riding on horseback. M.=case = M.*compart- 
MENT. M.=cask8t, the compartment containing 
muscle=rods, which by their apposition side by 
side give the appearance of the dark stripes in 
voluntary muscle, it being a subdivision of the 
musclescompartment; Bowman’s sarcous ele¬ 
ment. M.scell, a cell from which muscular tis¬ 
sue is developed; a myocyte. M.=clot, a clot 
formed in the coagulation of musclesplasma. M.» 
column, the bundle of muscle=rods filling a mus- 
cle*compartment. M.scomma = myocomma. M.s 
compartment, the space limited at both ends by 
Krause’s membrane and laterally by the sarco¬ 
lemma: occupied by a muscle^column. M.scor- 
puscle, a muscle*nucleus, especially of a striated 



Muscle Currents.— a. The demarcation current passing 
from the sound surface to the cut. b. Stimulation of 
the muscle with negative variation due to the action 
current flowing in the opposite direction and decreas¬ 
ing the galvanometer reading. 

muscle. M.scurrent, an electrical current pass¬ 
ing through a conductor in contact with the 
sound surface and a cut section of a muscle. 
M. scurve = MYOGRAM. M.sdegeneration, a retro¬ 
grade change in the muscular tissue, due to 
albuminous, fatty, hyaline, amyloid, calcareous, 
or hydropic infiltration. M.sdiseases, myositis. 


M.sdisk, one of the disks composing a muscle 
prism. M.senzyme (ferment), an enzyme (fer¬ 
ment) existing in muscular tissue. M.sfatigue 
or exhaustion, lack of response of a muscle to 
a stimulant or irritant. M.sfibre, any elongated 
anatomical element composed of muscle*cell.s. 
M.sfibril = SARcosTYLE. M., head of, cs - head. 
M.sjuice = MuscLEsPLASMA. M.merve prepara¬ 
tion, a preparation of a muscle, with part of a 
nerve which supplies it, isolated from the rest 
of the body: used in physiological experiments. 
M.snucleus, the nucleus of a musclesfibre. Non== 
striated fibres each contain a rod^like nucleus. 
In mammalian striated muscles, many nuclei 
occur just under the sarcolemma. M.=plane, a 

■ plane lying between the points of origin and 
insertion of a muscle. M.=plasma, the liquid con¬ 
stituent of muscle=tissue, containing myosin and 
MUSCLE=SERUM. It may be obtained from fresh 
muscle=tissue by pressure. M.splate, a segment 
of the mesoderm of an embryo from which the 
greater part of the voluntary muscles are de¬ 
veloped. Myotome ; SCLEROTOME. M. poison. 
I. A poison injurious to muscular function. 2. A 
toxic albumin generated during muscular action. 
M.=prism, a muscle=column. M. ray=fungus, a fun¬ 
gus of round form and radiating structure found in 
muscles of pig, sheep, and calf, Actinomyco¬ 
sis. M.sreading, the act of detecting a person’s 
thoughts by observing his involuntary muscular 
movements. M.srespiration, respiration by a 
muscle in action, taking up oxygen and giving 
off carbon dioxide. M.=rhombus, a muscle 
having a cut end of a rhombic shape: when 
the sections of both ends are made, it is termed 
regular or irregular according as the surfaces are 
parallel or not. M.srod, the portion of a muscular 
fibrilla included between two successive Krause’s 
membranes. M.=sense, the sense that makes one 
aware of muscular action, of the position of the 
body, of the weight of objects, etc. M.sserum, 
the serous portion of muscle=plasma; muscle* 
plasma after the separation of myosin. M.ssound, 
the sound made by the contraction* of a muscle. 
M.sspindle, a bundle of fine muscular fibres en¬ 
closed in a sheath of connective tissue. M.ssugar 
= iNosiTE. M.stissue = muscular tissue. M.s 
tumor = MYOMA. [< L. mus'cuius, dim. of mus 
mouse.] 

mus'cle. A rare spelling for mussel. M.spoisoning, 

E^ MYTILOTOXINE OF BrIEGER. 

mus-col'o-gy. ts- Musci. 

mus-cu-la'min. A nitrogenous base from muscular 
tissue. 

mus'cu-lar. Relating to a muscle, or abounding 
in muscle; of the nature of muscle. M. anaes¬ 
thesia, lack of the muscular sense. M. ankylosis, 
ankylosis due to muscular contraction. M. artery, 
an artery supplying a muscle or muscles. M. as¬ 
thenopia, e^asthenopia. M. ataxia, muscular 
incoordination. M. atrophy, wasting of a muscle 
and diminution of its size, met with in hyper¬ 
trophic, idiopathic, infantile, juvenile, progres¬ 
sive neural, and other types. M. compartment of 
Krause = muscle*compartment. M. dystrophia, 
local muscular atrophy. M. fascicle or fasciculus, 
a bundle of parallel muscular fibres. M. fibre. 
I. = Muscular tissue. 2. One of the fibres 
constituting muscular tissue, and itself made up 
of muscular fibrillae. M. fibrillation, a localized 
quivering of muscular fibres. M. force, the energy 
produced in muscular motion. M. hernia, pro- 





MUSCULARIS MUCOSA 


590 


MUSCULUS 


trusion of a muscle, or a portion of it, through 
its sheath. M. hyperaesthesia, M. hyperalgia, in¬ 
creased sensibility of a muscle, causing fatigue or 
pain. M. irritability, the power of a muscle to 
contract upon the application of a stimulus. M. 
ligaments, four pairs of ligaments of the uterus 
lying between the peritoneal folds. They are the 
round or utero=inguinal, the uterosovarian, the 
uteropelvic, and the uterosacral. M. motion, the 
motion caused by the contraction of the muscles. 
Muscular motions are of three kinds, voluntary, 
involuntary, and mixed, according to the char¬ 
acter of the muscles by which they are performed. 
M. murmur, the sound heard when a muscle con¬ 
tracts. M. nerve, a nerve which supplies a muscle 
or muscles. M. paralysis, a form of motor paralysis 
in which the muscle becomes wasted and flabby. 
M. pile, a voltaic battery in which the elements 
consist of animal muscle; used in biological ex¬ 
periments. M. plate = MuscLEsPLATE. M. proc¬ 
ess. I. A process on the arytenoid cartilage for 
attachment of the muscles. 2. Any process of 
bone for furnishing attachment to muscles. M. 
reflex, reflex movement induced by stretching the 
muscles. M. retraction, the retraction of muscles 
as after an amputation or after paralysis. M. 
rheumatism, a disorder connected with fibromus- 
cular structures, generally associated with the 
rheumatic diathesis, and characterized by local 
pain and spasm and a certain degree of fever. 
The exciting causes are chiefly exposure to cold 
(above all, exposure of a muscular part to a 
“ draught ” after exertion) and sprain or strain 
of the fibromuscular structures. M. rigidity, im¬ 
mobility of certain muscles, as in Thomsen’s dis¬ 
ease. M. sense, any sensation in a muscle, es¬ 
pecially that which accompanies action. M. sys¬ 
tem, all the muscles of the body considered to¬ 
gether. M. tissue, the tissue composing the body 
of a muscle. It consists of fibres disposed in 
distinct fasciculi, or bundles, enclosed in a peri¬ 
mysium, or sheath. These fibres are divisible 
into smaller fibrill® enclosed in a sheath of endo- 
mysium. M. tremor, slight quivering muscular 
contractions. M. trophoneurosis, is- trophoneu¬ 
rosis. M. tumor = myoma. [< L. muscula'ris, 
fr. mus'culus muscle.] 

muscula'ris muco'sae. A thin stratum of unstriped 
muscular fibre in mucous membranes, defining 
the mucosa from the submucous layer. M. pro- 
ces'sus, an excrescence on the base of the ary¬ 
tenoid cartilage. 

mus-cu-lar'i-ty. The condition of being muscular. 

mus-cu-la'tion. i. The action of the muscles in 
general. 2. The study of the voluntary motions, 
comprising the locomotion of the body and of its 
parts. 

mus'cu-la-ture. A set of muscles; the muscles of a 
part considered together. 

mus'cu-li. Plural of L. mus'culus. Muscle. M. 
bicauda'ti, “two-tailed muscles,” muscles which 
are divided into two portions, having separate 
insertions. M. bicip'ites, ^ biceps. M. in- 
cisi'vi, fleshy slips from the maxilla and man¬ 
dible passing outward and forward to join the 
deep surface of the transverse fibres of the or¬ 
bicularis hear the corner of the mouth. M. pa- 
pilla'res*, “ papillary muscles,” the muscles of the 
ventricles of the heart arising from the columnae 
cameae and fastened by tendinous cords {chordcB 
tendinecB) to the tricuspid valve in the right ven¬ 
tricle and tg the mitral valve in the left ventricle. 


M. pectina'ti, the muscular fasciculi found within 
the auricles of the heart, supposed to resemble 
the teeth of a comb. M. polycauda'ti, muscles 
which have many tendinous insertions. M. po- 
lycip'ites, muscles having several heads. 

mus'cu-lin. i. = Myosin. 2. = Paramyosino¬ 
gen. 3. A proprietary extract of muscle. 

mus'cu-lo-. Relating to muscle: a combining form. 
[< L. mus'culus muscle.] mus*cu-losap-o-neu- 
rot'ic, composed of muscular and aponeurotic 
tissue. — mus’cu-lo-cu-ta'ne ous, belonging to, or 
connected with, the skin and adjacent muscles, as 
M. nerve, i. A branch of the brachial plexus dis¬ 
tributed to the coracobrachialis, biceps, and fore¬ 
arm. 2. A branch of the external popliteal nerve 
to the muscles of the fibular side of the leg and 
the skin of the dorsum of the foot. — mus‘CU-lo- 
der'mic, belonging to or connected with muscles 
and the skin, as M. layer, the outer layer of the 
MESODERM from which the muscles and the in¬ 
tegument are developed. — mus’cu-lo»e-las'tic, 
composed of muscular and elastic tissue.— mus'- 
cu-losin-tes'ti-nal, relating to the muscular mech¬ 
anism of the intestines.— mus*cu-lo-mem'bra- 
nous, partly muscular and partly membranous. 

— mus'cu-lon, a proprietary muscle and pancreas 
compound. Dose, o.i Gm. (i^ grs.). — mus’cu- 
lo-phren'ic, belonging to the muscular portion or 
tissue of the diaphragm. — mus’cu-lo-rha-chid'- 
i an, as M. arteries, the arteries supplying the 
muscles of the back and spinal column. — musxu- 
lo-spi'nal, relating to the muscles of the spine. — 
mus'cu-lo-spi'ral, as M. groove, a broad oblique 
depression on the posterior surface of the hume¬ 
rus for accommodating the musculospiral nerve 
and superior profunda artery: M. nerve, a nerve 
from the posterior end of the brachial plexus; 
it accompanies the superior profunda artery of 
the arm and forearm, winds spirally around the 
humerus (whence its name), and supplies the 
posterior muscles of the arm and forearm: M. pa¬ 
ralysis, paralysis of the musculospiral nerve, often 
due to pressure on the nerves while sleeping. 
There is wristsdrop and inability to extend the 
first phalanges of the affected side, Plumbism. 

— mus*cu-lo-teg-u-men'ta-ry, relating to muscles 
and the integument. — mus'cu-lo-ten'di-nous, as 
M. fibres, fibres which are both muscular and 
tendinous. — mus*cu-lo-ton'ic, as M. centre, a 
centre said to exist in the spinal cord by means 
of which muscular tone is maintained. 

mus'cu-lous. Containing or composed of muscular 
tissue. 

mus'cu-lus*. I. = Muscle. M. accommodato'- 
rius, the ciliary muscle. M. amato'rius, the su¬ 
perior oblique muscle of the eye. M. cilia'ris* 
= CILIARY MUSCLE. M. clrcula'rls ir'idis = 
SPHINCTER iRiDis. M. dormita'tor, the orbicu¬ 
laris palpebrarum. M. hip'picus = tibialis anti- 
cus. M. hu'milis, the inferior rectus of the eye. 
M. laeti'tiae = RECTUS oculi internus. M. pa- 
thet'icus = oBLiQuus superior. M. patien'tiae 
= LEVATOR ANGULi SCAPULA. M. pau'perum = 
M. HUMiLis. M. praerecta'lis = PR.®RECTALis. M. 
religio'sus, the superior rectus of the eye. M. 
re'trahens auric'ulare, a muscle drawing back the 
pinna of the ear. M. super'bus = M. religiosus. 
M. suspenso'rius duode'ni, a band containing 
muscular fibres which holds in position the lower 
portion of the duodenum. M. u'vulae = uvula- 
Ris. 2. The mussel. i^-Mytilus. M. veneno'- 
sus, the poisonous mussel. 


MUSHROOM 


591 


MYASTHENIA 


mush'room. m- Agaricus. M.sgrowth, a tumor 
having the shape of a mushroom, as some polyps, 
mu'sic. eg- Musicotherapy. M.smad, afflicted 
with MusicoMANiA. [< Mot'cra Muse.] fmu'si- 
cal, as M. murmur, a heartsmurmur having a 
musical quality, mu-si'eians’ cramp, an occu¬ 
pation neurosis, conditioned by the instrument 
played upon. ^ Writers’ cramp. 
mu*si-co-ma'nia, mu-so-ma'ni a. A species of mono¬ 
mania characterized by an extreme fondness for 
music, fniu-si-co-ma'ni ac. 
mu’si-co-ther'a-py. The treatment of disease, 
especially hypochondria and other nervous dis¬ 
eases, by means of music, 
mu'sin. A proprietary laxative of tamarind, 
musk. I. =Moschus*. M. Baur, a white crys¬ 
talline substance, C(CH3)3CgH(N02)3CH3; artifi¬ 
cial musk; tonquinoT, trinitrobutyltolylazoimide: 
it possesses the properties of natural musk but in 
a lesser degree. Dose, 0.7 Gm. (10 grs.). [ < 
Dr. Baur, its discoverer.] 2. The name applied 
to several plants, as mallow, with a musky odor. 
M.sroot = SUMBUL*. M.sseed = abelmosk. 
muskeag moss (mus'ceg). Swamp moss, a North 
American species of Sphagnum: used as an ab¬ 
sorbent dressing in surgery after first being ren¬ 
dered sterile. [< Algonkin muskeag swamp.] 
musTin. A soft cotton material much used for 
bandages,, dressings, and strainers, 
mu'sol. A proprietary remedy said to contain salol. 
mu-so-ma'ni a. = Musicomania. 
mus'sa-nin. An anthelmintic alkaloid from Albiz'- 
zia anthelmin'tica. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). 
mus'selspoi'son. = Mytilotoxine. M.spoisoning, 
Mytilus edulis. 

Musset’s sign (mii-sez). Rhythmic oscillations of 
the head in association with the throbs of the 
pulse: due to arterial hypertension, as in aortic 
insufficiency or aortic aneurism. [ So named 
from the French poet Alfred de Musset, who first 
described this symptom in his own person, 
mus-si-ta'tion. A lisping movement of the lips, 
without the production of articulate sounds, oc¬ 
curring in diseases with severe asthenic symptoms; 
muttering. [< L. wwssf/a're to mutter.] fnms'si- 
ta-ting, as M. dWfrtwm = muttering delirium. 
must. Juice pressed from the grape or other fruit, 
which by fermentation becomes wine; unfer¬ 
mented grapesjuice. [A. S.] 
mus'tard. The seeds of Sinapis alba* (white m.) 
and Sinapis nigra* (black m.), reduced to flour 
and deprived of their fixed oil by expression. 
M. is used as a condiment and as a rubefacient. 
^ Oleum sinapis volatile*. M.sbath, a bath 
prepared by adding a tablespoonful of mustard 
to a gallon of hot water: used especially in the 
convulsions of children. M.scompound liniment 

= LINIMENTUM SINAPIS COMPOSITUM. M.slcaveS 

or spaper = charta sinapis*. M.spack, a pack 
prepared by moistening flannel in a mustard 
mixture made of 2 parts water, i part alcohol, 
and about 2% of one part of oil of mustard to 
49 parts of alcohol. After 15 to 20 minutes this 
may be followed by an alcoholic pack of one part 
alcohol and two parts water: used in bronchitis 
and bronchopneumonia in infants. M.splaster 
or spoultice, a plaster or poultice made of mus¬ 
tard, usually mixed with flour or linseed meal and 
vinegar and employed as a rubefacient and coun¬ 
terirritant; a sinapism. [< O. F. mostarde.] 
mu'ta-cism. Inability to enunciate properly certain 
mute letters, especially the labial consonants b, p. 


and m, leading to their frequent repetition, or 
to the substitution of other letters for them, [< 

L. mutacis'mus, fr. mu'tus, mute, dumb,] 
mu'tant. = Sport. [< L. muta're to change.] 
mu'tase. A proprietary food containing about 60% 

of plant albumin and 2% of phosphoric acid, 
mu-ta'tion. i. A change in the presentation of the 
foetus. 2. {Of de Vries.) Variation which under 
pedigreesculture produces true^breeding forms, 
it being sometimes identical with “ sudden leaps ” 
or “ discontinuous variation,” and sometimes not, 
hence ” ilbdefined.” 3. {Of v. Waagen.) Vari¬ 
ation which produces a slow, gradual change 
of the average in a definite direction. Fluc¬ 
tuation; METAMORPHOSIS. [< L. muta're to 
change.] fmu-ta-bil'i-ty. 
mute. I. Speechless; dumb. 2. One who is un¬ 
able to speak. [< L. mu'tus dumb.] 
mu-ti-la'tion. The condition which results from 
the loss or excision of a member, an organ, or a 
part; also the act of mutilating, or the excision 
of a member or any essential part of the human 
body. Mayhem. [< L. mutila're to maim.] 
Mutis'ia viciaefo'lia. A South American sedative 
medicinal plant. 

mut'ism, mu-tis'mus. =Mutitas. 
mu'ti-tas. Dumbness; inability to articulate; mut¬ 
ism. It is usually dependent on deafness; but 
by special instruction those so afflicted are now 
taught to talk and to read the lips so as to under¬ 
stand spoken words, fs- Deaf*mutism. M. aton'- 
ica, dumbness arising from an affection of the 
nerves of the tongue. M. hyster'ica, a variety of 
mutism due to hysteria, and which may cease 
from sudden fright, therapeutic suggestion, etc. 

M. organ'ica, dumbness resulting from removal 
of or injury to the tongue. M. surdo'rum, dumb¬ 
ness arising from having been bom deaf or from 
having been deaf in infancy. M. traumat'ica, 
dumbness due to injury, M. volunta'ria, volun¬ 
tary muteness met with in insanity. 

mu'to. The penis. [L.] 

mut'tering delirium. A form of delirium in which 
the patient lies still, talking to himself in a mo¬ 
notonous tone, as in the low states of typhoid 
fever; mussitating delirium. ^ Mussitation. 
mut'ton suet. c^Sevum pr^eparatum*. 
mu'tu-a-lism. In animal parasitology, the condi¬ 
tion in which there is mutual benefit between the 
parasite and the host: thus the colon bacillus is 
furnished a suitable habitat in the intestine and 
in return protects the host against other bacteria. 

Parasitism ; symbiosis. t™u'tu-a-list. 
muz'zling. = Infibulation, 

My. Abbr. for myopia. 

my-al'gi a. Painful affection of the muscles and 
the corresponding tendons and fascia, especially 
when due to rheumatic influences; muscular 
rheumatism; myodynia; myotalgia. ^ Myo¬ 
pathia. M. cap'itis or cephal'ica, myalgia with 
the pain in the muscles at the back of the head, 
forehead, and temples; cephalalgia rheumatica; 
rheumatismus epicranii. M. cervica'lis, rheumatic 
torticollis. M. lumba'lis — lumbago. M. pec- 
tora'lis or intercosta'lis = pleurodynia. M. 

scapular'is = OMALGIA, 
my-a-moe'ba. A musclescell. 
my-a'sis. = Myiasis. 

my-as-the'ni a. Muscular debility due to over* 
exertion, which may lead to complete paralysis. 
Angiosclerotic paroxysmal m. = intermittent 
claudication. M. gas'trica, atony or mechani- 


MYATONIA 


592 


MYCOSIS 


cal inefficiency of the stomach. M. gra'vis or M. 
gra'vis pseudoparalyt'ica of Jolly, progressive 
weakening of the muscles without structural 
alteration, of which there are two types, the 
asthenic bulbar paralysis and ophthalmoplegic 
paralysis with the “nasal smile” of Gowers; 
Erb’s syndrome. Electricity and strychnine 
sometimes increase the severity of the disease. 
[< (J.vg muscle + audheia debility.] 
then'ic, as M. reaction, decrease of reaction in a 
muscle under faradic stimulation, as in periodic 
paralysis and myasthenia gravis, 
myatonia. Congenital hypotonicity of the muscles, 
my-ce'lium. The filaments of a fungus, Hy- 
PHA. fungus.] fmy-ce'li an,-li al. my- 

ce'li-oid, in bacteriology, colonies having the radi- 
ately filamentous appearance of mould colonies, 
my'ces, pi. -ce'tes. Fungus. [< [xvKrjq.'] fmy-ce'- 
toid. my-ce-tol'o-gy. 

my-ce-thae'mi a. The presence, or the effects, of 
fungal micro=organisms in the blood, Bacil¬ 
li mi a. [< jUvK 7 /g fungus + al/j-a blood.] 
my-ce-tis'mus, my-ce'tism. Mushroom poisoning. 
M. cerebra'lis has symptoms similar to atropine 
poisoning, and is due to the flysfungus (Ama- 
ni'ta musca'rius) or to the A mani'ta pantheri'na. 
M. cholerifor'mis is characterized by attacks of 
vomiting and collapse; upon longer duration by 
delirium, coma, and icterus, and is due to 
Amani'ta phalloi'des and other poisonous species. 
M. intestina'lis is the mildest form and attended 
by catarrhal enteritis: due to poisonous species 
of Lacta'rius, etc. M. muscarini'cus is character¬ 
ized by salivation, increased peristalsis, and col¬ 
lapse: due to MUSCARINE. [< pvKTjq fungus.] 
my-ce-to-gen'e-sis. The origin, or first development, 
of the minute fungi which are supposed to pro¬ 
duce many diseases. [< fivKrjTOQ fungus, 

mushroom -f yeveaiq generation.] Jniy-ce'to-ge- 
net'ic, myce-to-gen'ic, my-ce-tog'e-nous. 
my-ce-to'ma. An East=Indian disease of the feet 
or hands, characterized by a thickening of the 
cutaneous tissues, with enlargement and distor¬ 
tion of the part, accompanied by caries of the 
osseous structures and abscesses of the soft parts, 
due to fungal microsorganisms; fish=roe bodies; 
fungous disease of India; fungus foot; Madura 
disease or foot; perical; podelcoma; ulcus grave. 
(^Actinomycosis; Discomyces madur^. [< 
fi'vKTjg fungus + -oma implying a tumor.] 
my-cin'u-lin. = Mycosinulin. 
my'co-. Of or pertaining to mucus; muco-. 
Myco-, of or pertaining to fungus, below. [< 
fi'v^a mucus.] myco-an-gi-o-neu-ro'sis = mu- 
cocolitis. — my'co*-cyte, a cell of mucous tis¬ 
sue. — my'co-derm, the mucous membrane. — 
myco-der-mi'tis, inflammation of the mucous 
membrane. — myco-der-mo-sphac'e-lus, sphace¬ 
lus or gangrene of a mucous membrane.— my- 
co-di-ar-rhoe'a, mucous or pituitous diarrhoea.— 
myco-dys-en-te'ri a, mucous or pituitous dysen¬ 
tery. — myco-dysp-noe'a, mucous or pituitous 
dyspnoea. — myco-gas-tri'tis, mucous gastritis, 
or gastritis affecting the mucous coat of the 
stomach.— myco-phly-za'ci um, a pustule con¬ 
taining mucus. — myco-pneu-mo-ny-pos'ta-sis, 
hypostasis of mucus in the lungs.— my'co-pus, 
mucus containing pusscells; pus and mucus 
blended.— my-cor-thop-noe'a, orthopnoea due to 
an accumulation of mucus in the air^passages. 
my'co-. Of or pertaining to fungus, i^Myco-, of 
or pertaining to mucus, above. [< fungus.] 


Mycobacte'rium, a genus of bacteria including 
the Corynebacterium of Lehmann and Neumann 
and the Sclerothrix of Metchnikoff. Micro¬ 
scopically they are thin slender rods, often with 
typical dichotomous branching and acid-proof, 
having at times clubbed swellings in tissue cul¬ 
tures. ^ Streptothrix. M. lepras, a straight, 
plump, rod-shaped, non-motile organism with 
coarse, widely separated granules: found in lepra. 
M. phle'i, an organism resembling the tubercle 
bacillus, found in manure, grass, etc. M. smeg'- 
ma-tis, a non-motile, non-pathogenic, acid-proof 
organism found in the smegma. M. tuber- 
culo'sis = TUBERCLE BACILLUS. — Mycoder'ma, 
-der'mis, a genus of fungous growths form¬ 
ing the crusts of favus or the pellicles in or 
upon fermenting liquids. M. ace'ti, the so-called 
mother of vinegar, or the plant of which it is 
composed, causing the acid fermentation of 
alcoholic liquids. M. cerevis'iae = Torula cer- 
Evisi^.— my-co-do-ma'ti a, bacterioidal root- 
tubercles, so named by A. B. Frank in 1879. 

— myco-fi-bro'ma, any one of the tubercles 
produced in horses and dogs by Micrococ'cus 
ascofor'mans. — my-co-hae'mi a = myceth^mia. 

— my'coid, resembling a fungus; fungoid. — my- 
co=in'u-lin, a dextrorotatory carbohydrate found 
in the fungus Elamphomy'ces officina'lis .— 
my-col'o-gy, the science of fungi, Bacte¬ 
riology. fmy-col'o-gist.— myco-myr-in-gi'tis, 
fungous inflammation of the drum-membrane.— 
Myconos'toc, a genus of fungi belonging to the 
schizomycetes. — myco-nu’cle-o=al-bu'min, a 
toxin of microbic life. — my-coph'i-lous, living or 
growing on fungi exclusively. — my-coph-thal'- 
mi a, fungous inflammation of the eye. — my- 
co-phy-lax'in, phylaxin. — my-co-pro'te in, a 
form of protoplasm, C25H^2N6^9> fo'imd in the 
bacteria of decay. — myco-pro-te-i-na'tion, the 
process of inoculating with dead bacterial cells. 

— my'cose = TREHALOSE. — my'co-sin, a cleav¬ 
age-product obtained by heating chitin with an 
alkali.— my-co'sis, see in vocabulary place at end 
of this list.— my-co-so'zin, a chemical substance 
contained in the blood, which destroys hurtful 
microbes, and probably belongs to the albumi¬ 
noids. Alexin; sozin. — my'co-thrix = Lep- 
TOTHRix. — my-cotd-co-pep'tic, conjointly my¬ 
cotic and peptic.— my-co-tox-i-na'tion, inocu¬ 
lation with the products of bacteria. 

my-coc'to-nine. An alkaloid, C27H30N2O8, from 
Aconi'tum lycoc'tonum. 

my-co-mel'ic acid. A yellow gelatinous substance, 
C,H,N,02. 

my-co'sis. i. A fungous, fleshy tumor. 2. The 
poisonous influences arising from fungal micro¬ 
organisms or bacteria in the blood or living 
tissues. M. favo'sa = FAVUS. M. fungoi'des, a 
disease marked by the development of irregular, 
painful tumors on the scalp and trunk; granu¬ 
loma fungoides: attended with intense itching. 
The sores may ulcerate and discharge, and the 
disease result in progressive cachexia and death. 
M. intestina'lis = ANTHRAX. M. leptothri'ca, any 
disease caused by Lep'tothrix. It occurs espe¬ 
cially in the pharynx and tonsil. M. micro- 
spori'na = PITYRIASIS versicolor. M. pulmo'- 
num = PNEUMOMYCOSIS. M. tonsilla'ris benig'na 
= M. LEPTOTHRICA. fmy-cot'ic, relating to my¬ 
cosis, or to diseases dependent on fungal microbes, 
as M. aneurism, M. endocarditis, M. gastritis, 
M. oedema, M. otitis, M. tonsillitis, etc. 


MYCTERIC 593 

myc-ter'ic. Of or relating to the nose or nostril. 

[< fiVKTt/p nose.] 

myc*te-ro-pho'ni a. Nasal voice. [< fivKTip) nose 
+ (puv// voice.] 

myc*te-ro-xe-ro'sis. Dryness of the nostrils. [< 
fiVKTr/p nose + ^ppucLQ drying up.] 
my-da'le ine. A poisonous alkaloid (ptomaine, ac¬ 
cording to Brieger) formed after two or three 
weeks’ putrefaction of the viscera. It is an active 
paralyzant of the vasomotor nerves and in action 
similar to muscarine. [< pvSaAtoc slimy, putrid.] 
my-da-tox'ine. A ptomaine, C^jH^^NOg, from slowly 
decaying cadavers: somewhat poisonous, but less 
so than mydaleine. 

my-de'sis. i. Moisture; decay; corruption. 2. A 
mucous discharge from inflamed eyelids. [< 
pvdav to rot.] 

my'dine. A non=poisonous ptomaine, C9HJ1NO2, 
from decaying viscera of man. It has strong 
reducing powers. [< fivSnv to rot.] 
my-dri'a-sis. i. A preternatural or morbid dilata¬ 
tion of the pupil of the eye. Mysis. It 
may be due to paralysis of the sphincter pupillae 
(Paralytic m.), to spasm of the dilator fibres of 
the iris (Spastic or Spasmodic m.), or to irritation 
of the ciliospinal centre of the cord (Spinal m.). 

2. Dilatation due to mydriatic application. [< 
pySpiaatg.] t™yd-ri-at'ic. i. Pertaining to, or' 
causing, mydriasis. 2. A drug, medicine, or 
application causing the pupil to dilate by para¬ 
lyzing the oculomotor and stimulating the sym¬ 
pathetic nerves. Among the chief mydriatics 
are atropine, gelsemine, hyoscyamine, coniine, 
cocaine, and holocaine. 

my'drin. An evanescent proprietary mydriatic, 
my'drol. A bitter soluble powder, iodomethylphe- 
nylpyrazolon: used as a mydriatic, 
my-ec'to-my. The operative excision of a muscle. 

[< pi’C muscle + bk o\xt+rap// a cutting.] 
my-ec'to-py, my-ec-to'pi a. Abnormal situation 
of a muscle or muscles. [< pvr muscle -f- ekto-oq 
displaced.] 

my'el. The spinal cord. [ < pvelo^- marrow.] 
my'el-. Of or relating to the marrow or spinal 
cord; myelo-: a combining form. [< pveXdg 
marrow.] my-e-lae'mi a, myelogenous leukemia. 
my-e-lal'gi a, pain in the spinal marrow.— mye- 
lan-a-lo'sis, wasting of the spinal marrow; loco¬ 
motor ATAXIA. — mye-lap-o-plex'i a, my-e-lap'o- 
plex-y, apoplexy of the spinal marrow; hemor¬ 
rhage or discharge of blood into the spinal mar¬ 
row.— mye-las-the'ni a, neurasthenia due to 
spinal causes.— mye-la-te'li a, imperfect devel¬ 
opment of the spinal cord. — mye-la-tro'phi a, 
my-e-lat'ro-phy, wasting of the spinal marrow; 
locomotor ataxia, tmye-la-troph'ic.— my-e- 
laux'e, my-e-laux'is, morbid increase or hyper¬ 
trophy of the spinal marrow.— my'e-len, a pro¬ 
prietary liquid extracted from bone=marrow: used 
in rickets, leukaemia, tuberculosis, etc. — mye- 
len-ceph'a-lon, my-e-len'ceph-al. r. The cere¬ 
brospinal axis. 2. = Metencephalon, def. 2. 
fmye-len-ce-phal'ic. — mye-let-e-ro'sis, morbid 
alteration of the spinal marrow.— my-el'ic, relat¬ 
ing to the spinal cord.— my'e-lin. i. Themed¬ 
ullary matter filling the space between the axis* 
cylinder and the sheath of the nerve*fibres; the 
white substance of Schwann; medullary sheath. 

It is composed of fat, albuminous matter, lecithin, 
protagon, cholesterin, etc., and stained by osmic 
acid. 2. (Of Virchow.) A generic name for 
various principles extracted by alcohol from 
38 


MYELO- 

nervestissue, fresh eggs, etc. M. sheath, the 
medullary sheath of the axisscylinder of a nerve* 
fibre, ts- Protagon. tniye-li~na'tion, the de¬ 
velopment of the myelin of nerves in the embryo, 
my-e-lin'ic, as M. a medullated nerve* 

fibre, mye-lin-i-za'tion. 
my-e-li'tis. i. Inflammation of the bone*marrow. 
2. Inflammation of the spinal cord, either acute, 
subacute, or chronic. There are several stages 
which may run into one another: the red hemor¬ 
rhagic softening, with marked hyperaemia and ex¬ 
travasation of blood; the yellow softening, with 
fatty degeneration of the spinal substance; the 
gray softening, with increase of connective tissue; 
and the purulent green softening, with the for¬ 
mation of pus and abscesses, usually of septic 
origin. Myelitis is Diffuse when it affects a large 
vertical extent of the cord; Transverse, the most 
usual form, when it extends all the way across the 
cord, but is of slight vertical extent; Dissemi¬ 
nated when it occurs at several distant points: 
Focal when it is confined to one single small area; 
Central when it occurs with inflammation of the 
gray matter around the central canal; and Cor¬ 
nual when it occurs in the horns. Annular chronic 
m., myelitis in which there is ring*shaped inflam¬ 
mation of the surface of the spinal marrow. 
Ascending m., myelitis which progresses upward 
from the point of origin. Atactic m., myelitis 
marked by immediate incoordination of move¬ 
ments and complete loss of the muscular sense. 
Bulbar m., myelitis affecting the medulla oblon¬ 
gata. Cavitary m., myelitis attended by the for¬ 
mation of cavities in the cord. Compression m., 
myelitis due to some lesion which causes com¬ 
pression of the cord. Concussion m., myelitis 
due to concussion. Descending m., myelitis pro¬ 
gressing downward from the point of origin, 
Foudroyant m., an acute, explosive form of cen¬ 
tral m. Hemorrhagic m., myelitis attended 
with hemorrhage into the cord. Interstitial m., 
sclerosing myelitis. Parenchymatous m., mye¬ 
litis in which the nervous substance is chiefly 
affected. Sclerosing m., myelitis in which the 
neuroglia is primarily affected, resulting in over¬ 
growth of the interstitial substance and hardness 
of the cord; interstitial m. Traumatic m., 
myelitis due to direct injury. Unilateral m., my¬ 
elitis affecting one side of the cord only. [< 
pveMg marrow.] ti^y“®-lit'ic. 
my'e-lo-. Of or pertaining to the marrow, or the 
spinal cord; myel-: a combining form. c^Cere- 
BRO-. [< pve?i 6 g marrow.] my'e-lo-blast. i. A 
non*granular cell, without nucleoli, from which 
the myelocyte is formed. 2. = Myelocyte. 

— mye-lo-bra'chi um, the inferior peduncle of 

the cerebellum.— my'e-lo-cele, spina bifida, 
with a protrusion of the meninges and of tissues 
containing nerve*cells or other spinal*cord ele¬ 
ments. Myelomeningocele. — my'e-lo-cene 

a proprietary preparation of bone*marrow. — 
my*e-lo-cer-e-belTar, relating to the myelon and 
to the cerebellum, as M. ^rac^ = myelobrachium. 

— my-e-loch'y-sis = hydrorrhachis. — my'e-lo- 
coele, the central canal of the spinal cord.— my'- 
e-lo-cone, a fatty substance obtained from the 
cerebral structures.— my'e-lo-cyst, a cyst having 
its origin in the medullary tube, fj^ye-lo-cys'- 
tic, both myeloid and cystic: said of tumors.— 
mye-lo-cys'to-cele. i. Cystic tumor of the spinal 
cord, with a hernial protrusion of the pia mater, 
containing part of the spinal marrow. 2. = Hy- 


MYELO- 


594 


MYLO- 


DROMYELOCELE ; SYRINGOMYELOCELE.-mye-lo- 

cys‘to-me-nin'go-cele, a combined meningocele 
and myelocystocele.— my'e-lo-cyte. i. A large 
granular mononuclear leucocyte corresponding to 
a marrowscell, found in the blood in myeloid 
leukaemia. 2. {Of Robin.) A free cell of the gray 
substance of the brain and spinal cord.— mye- 
lo-cy-thae'mi a, mye-lo-cy-to'sis, the presence of 
an excessive number of myelocytes in the blood: 
often associated with nucleated red cells. 
Leukemia.— mye-lo-di-as'ta-sis, disintegration 
of the spinal marrow.— mye-lo-gen'ic, my-e- 
log'e-nous, developed from marrow, as M. leuco¬ 
cyte = myelocyte: M. leukaemia (leucocythcemia), 
^ leukaemia: M. ossification, the formation of 
bone from the marrow: and M. sarcoma, a sar¬ 
coma of the bone-marrow.— my'e-loid. i. Re¬ 
sembling marrow, as M. = myeloplaxes: 
and M. tumor (sarcoma), a tumor (sarcoma) con¬ 
taining large cells like myeloplaxes; giant-celled 
sarcoma. 2. A neoplasm of bone-marrow with 
myeloplaxes.— my-e-loi'din, a substance resem¬ 
bling myelin found in the protoplasm of the 
pigmented retinal epithelial cells. — mye-lo- 
lymph-an-gi-o'ma = ELEPHANTIASIS. —my-e-lo'- 
ma. I. Medullary tumor; a non-malignant, red¬ 
dish neoplasm of red bone-marrow arising in the 
cancellous tissues of bone; a tumor containing a 
brain-like substance; ' red-marrow tumor; for¬ 
merly classed among the sarcomata, Osteitis 
FUNGOSA. 2. A giant-celled sarcoma or lymphad- 
enoma. tmye-lo'ma-tous. — mye-lo-ma-la'ci a, 
mye-lo-ma-la-co'sis, mye-lo-ma-lax'is, softening 
of the spinal marrow, due to thrombosis or embo¬ 
lism, as M. seni'lis, myelomalacia due to old age. 
I®- Encephalomalacia. — mye-lo-mar'ga-rin, a 
colorless powder, CjjHg305, found in cerebrin.— 
mye-lo-ma-to'sis, that condition of the organism 
which disposes toward the formation of myelo¬ 
mata. [1 J. A. M. A. j. ’06.] — mye-lo-me'ni a, 
aberration of the menstrual discharge to the spinal 
cord.— my e-lo-men-in-gi'tis, inflammation of the 
membrane investing the spinal marrow; com¬ 
bined myelitis of the peripheral layers and spinal 
meningitis; spinal meningitis. ^Meningitis. 

— mye-lo-me-nin'go-cele, spina bifida in which 
the meninges and the cord itself protrude; the 
spherical protrusion of the pia mater, due to the 
collection of liquid in the subarachnoid space in 
partial rachischisis. Myelocele. — mye- 
lo-me'ninx, the theca, or tough, hard membrane, 
enclosing the spinal cord; the meninges of the 
cord considered as forming one theca.— mye-lo- 
my'ces, a medullary tumor of a fungoid character. 

— my'e-lon, the spinal cord. my- 

e-lon'ic, as M. canal, the central canal of the 
spinal cord.— mye-lo-nar-co'sis, narcosis of the 
spinal marrow. — mye-lo-neu-ri'tis, combined 
myelitis and multiple neuritis. — mye-lo-pa-ral'- 
y-sis, spinal paralysis.— my-e-lop'a-thy, mye-lo- 
path'i a, disease of the spinal cord, 

path'ic, as M. albumosuria, a condition marked 
by persistent recurrence of albumose in the urine 
and softening of the bones, as the result of multiple 
myelomata.— my-e-lop'e-tal, of or pertaining to 
nerve-fibres which move toward the myelon. 

— my-e-loph'thi-sis = myelanalosis. — mye-lo- 
phy'ma, pi. -phym'ata, a tubercle growing in the 
membranes of the spinal cord.— my'e-lo-plast, 
any one of the large protoplasmic masses, or giant- 
cells, found in the marrow of bones, Osteo¬ 
clast. — my'e-lo-plax, my'e-lo-plaque, a multinu- 


cleated osteoclast or giant-cell of bone-marrow, 
especially abundant in the young. (Robin.) ^Os¬ 
teoclast, def. I. — mye-lo-plax-o'ma, a tumor 
containing myeloplaxes.— mye-lo-ple'gi a, spi¬ 
nal paralysis. — my'e-lo-pore, a passage or opening 
in the myelon.— mye-lor-rha'gi a, hemorrhage 
into the spinal cord. — my-e-lor'rha-phy, the 
sewing up or suturing of a ruptured spinal cord. 

— mye-lor-rho'sis, hemorrhoidal disease of the 
spinal marrow.— mye-lo-sar-co'ma = osteosar¬ 
coma. — my-e-los'chi-sis = hydrorrhachis. — 
mye-lo-scle-ro'sis. i. Sclerosis of the myelon, 
or spinal cord. 2. Abnormal hardness or dryness 
of bone-marrow.— my-e-lo'sis, the formation or 
growth of a myelon.— my'e-lo-spasm, spasm of 
the spinal cord.— mye-lo-spon'gi um, the sponge¬ 
like reticulated tissue in the neural canal of the 
embryo, formed by the spongioblasts, and con¬ 
stituting the developing sustentacular tissue.— 
mye-lo-syph'i-lis, syphilis of the spinal cord.— 
mye-lo-syph-i-lo'sis, a syphilitic disease of the 
spinal cord; those who believe that syringomyelia 
is due to syphilis employ this term as synony¬ 
mous with it.— mye-lo-syr-in-go'sis = syringo¬ 
myelia. — mye-lo-ther'a-py, the therapeutic use 
of preparations obtained from bone-marrow or 
the spinal cord. — my'e-lo-tome, an instrument 
having a cutting-edge set at an angle so that a 
transverse incision of the cord may be made; 
that of Pick is the best known.— my-e-lo-tox'ic, 
of or pertaining to substances which are toxic 
especially to bone-marrow cells or the spinal cord. 

— mye-lo-var-i-co'sis, neurovaricosis. 
my-en-er'gi a. Muscular energy. [<//t’f muscle 4- 

kvepyeia energy.] tniy-®n-er'gic. 
my-en'ta-sis. A stretching or extending of the 
muscles. [< /Uilf muscle-1-Ivracr^f stretching.] 
my-en'te-ron. The muscular coat of the intestine. 

[ < fivq muscle -f- evrepov intestine.] fniy-cn-ter'- 
ic, as M. = Auerbach’s plexus. 

Myg. An abbreviation for myriagramme. 

Myg'ale. A genus of spiders including the so- 
called American tarantula, the bird-catching, 
trap-door, etc., spiders, most of which are venom¬ 
ous. [< p.vyd'kTj field-mouse.] 
my-i'a-sis. A cutaneous, antral, or gastro-intes- 
tinal disease caused by the presence of the larvae 
of flies (especially of the Ostrid'ea and Muscid'ea) 
on or in the body. ^Tsetse. [< //wa fly.] 
myi-o-ceph'a-lon, -ceph'a-lum. = Muiocephalon. 
my-i-o-de-sop'si a. = Muiodesopsia. 
my-i-o'sis. = Myiasis. 

my-i'tis. Inflammation of a muscle; myositis. [< 
pvc muscle.] 

my'ko-. For words beginning thus, see words be¬ 
ginning MYCO-. 

Myl. An abbreviation for myrialitre. 
my-la-ceph'a-lus. An acephalous monstrosity with 
a formless body, or only partially human form. 
[< p-vXi] nether millstone -f- a negative + Kc^aTiij 
head.] tniy-la-ceph'a-lous. 
my'lic. I. Relating to a molar tooth. [< p.v’Xij 
mill.] 2. Relating to a uterine mole. [< 
mole.] 

my'lo-. Pertaining or relating to a molar tooth or 
the lower jaw: a combining form. [< pvTit] vaiW, 
molar tooth.] my'lo-dus, pi. mylodon'tes, a mo¬ 
lar tooth.— my-lo-glos'sus, a small occasional slip 
of the styloglossus muscle arising from the angle 
of the mandible or from the stylomaxillary liga¬ 
ment and inserted into the side of the tongue be¬ 
tween the styloglossus and hyoglossus muscles.— 





MYM. 


595 


MYO- 


iny-lo-hy'oid, relating to the lower jaw and the 
hyoid bone, as M. artery, a branch of the inferior 
dental artery to the mylohyoid muscle; M. fur¬ 
row or groove, a furrow on the inner surface of 
the inferior maxillary bone running forward and 
downward from the inferior dental foramen and 
lodging the mylohyoid vessels and nerves: M. 
line or ridge, an oblique ridge on the internal sur¬ 
face of the body of the mandible, to which the 
mylohyoideus muscle is attached: linea mylohy- 
oidea*: A/. mw 5 c/e = mylohyoideus: M. nerve, a 
branch of the inferior dental nerve to the mylo¬ 
hyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digas¬ 
tric: and M. triangle, the area bounded by the 
mylohyoid and digastric muscles.— mylo-hy-oi'- 
de us, a triangular muscle arising from the inside 
of the lower jaw, between the molar teeth and 
the chin, and inserted into the hyoid bone and 
the median raphe; musculus mylohyoideus*. It 
raises the hyoid bone or depresses the jaw. t^iy- 
lo-hy-oi'de an, as M. line, the internal oblique 
line of the inferior maxillary bone.— mylo-pha- 
ryn'geus, one of the muscles of the pharynx; the 
constrictor superior. 

Mym. An abbreviation for myriametre. 

Mynsicht’s elixir (main's^'cHts). Aromatic sulphuric 
acid. [A. von Mynsicht, the discoverer of tartar 
emetic, 1643-1738.] 

my'o-. Pertaining or relating to a muscle, muscu¬ 
lar structure, and sometimes muscular contrac¬ 
tion; MUSCULO-: a combining form. A few words, 
containing the prefix myo-, in their case not relat¬ 
ing to muscle but of different derivation, are 
entered in regular vocabulary place at the end of 
this list. [< //i’f muscle, fr. jiveiv to contract, 
to close, as in myopia.] my-osal-bu'min, an al¬ 
bumin of muscles, resembling serum=albumin.— 
my-osal'bu-mose, a proteid derivable from mus- 
clesjuice. — my-osat'ro-phy, muscular atrophy, 
fmyosa-troph'ic, as M. lipomatosis = pseudo- 
hypertrophic PARALYSIS.— my'o-blast, a cell of 
the formative tissue whence muscle*fibre is 
derived. fnay-o-blas'tic. — myo-car-di'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the muscles or the walls of the 
heart. It occurs in rheumatism, typhoid fever, 
etc. M. fibro'sa, necrosis and atrophy of the 
heartsmuscle, due to arterial obliteration. M. 
segmento'sa, a form in which the muscle^cells 
separate as the result of softening of the cement* 
substance. M. syphilit'ica, myocarditis with 
syphilitic gumma in the intermuscular connective 
tissue.— my-o-car'di um, the muscular structure 
of the heart; the heart viewed as a muscle. 
^Fragmentation, def. 2; heart, fmy-o-car'- 
di al. my-o-car'di-o-graph, an instrument for 
recording and tracing the movements of the 
heart*muscle. — my'o-cele, hernia of a muscle 
through a rupture in its sheath.— myo-ce-li- 
al'gia = MYOCGELiALGiA. — my o-ce-li'tis = myo- 
ccelitis. — myo-cel-lu-li'tis, combined cellulitis 
and myositis.— myo-ceph-a-li'tis, inflammation 
of the muscles of the head.— myo-chor-di'tis, 
inflammation of the muscles of the vocal cords, 
usually due to laryngeal catarrh.— my'o-chrome 
= MYOH^MATiN. — my-o-chro'no-scopc, an in¬ 
strument for recording the time taken for a motor 
impulse to produce contraction of a muscle.— 
my-o-clo'ni a, the condition or state characterized 
by myoclonus: Raymond groups fibrillary tre¬ 
mors, electric chorea of Henoch, tic non doulou¬ 
reux of the face, and convulsive tic under this 
term.— my-oc'lo-nus. i. Clonus of a muscle or 


muscles; muscular twitching. 2. = Paramyoc¬ 
lonus MULTIPLEX. Disseminated m. = para¬ 
myoclonus MULTIPLEX. M. epilep'ticus, epilepsy 
preceded by myoclonic spasms of the face, and, 
according to Gowers, analogous to senile chorea. 
M. fibrilla'ris multiplex = myo'k.ymia. M. muV- 
tiplex or spina'Us paramyoclonus 

MULTIPLEX, fniy-o-clon'ic. — my'o-coele, the cav¬ 
ity enclosed by a myocomma or myotome; my- 
ocoelom.— myo-cce-li-al'gi a, pain in the muscles 
of the abdomen.— myo-coe-li'tis, inflammation 
of the abdominal muscles.— my-o-cce'lom == my- 
occELE. — myo-col-pi'tis, inflammation of the 
muscular walls of the vagina.— my-o-com'ma, 
pi. myocom'mata, a myotome, or natural segment 
of a muscle; one of the serial divisions of muscles 
in fetal life, myomere.— my-o-cris'mus, the creak¬ 
ing of a muscle or muscles when in motion.— my'o- 
cyst, a cystic tumor of a muscle.— my'o-cyte, a 
muscle*cell; a celbelement of the muscular tissue. 

— myo-de-gen-e-ra'tion, muscular degeneration, 
usually in the sense of fatty degeneration of the 
heart. — my-o-de'mi a, fatty degeneration of a 
muscle.— myo-di-as'ta-sis, separation occurring 
between cut or stretched surfaces of muscle, 
o-di-a-stat'ic.—myo-dy-na'mi a, my-o-dy'na-my, 
muscular strength or power. t®y"0-dy-nam'ic.— 
myo-dy-na-mi-om'e-ter, myo-dy-na-mom'e-ter, 
an instrument for ascertaining the amount of 
muscular power. — my-o-dyn'i a, pain in a 
muscle; muscular rheumatism.— myosc-lec'tric, 
relating to the electromotive powers and other 
electric properties of muscle.— my-o=en‘do-car- 
di'tis, myocarditis combined with endocarditis.— 
myo=ep-i-the'li um. i. Epithelium containing 
cells which possess contractile processes. 2. = 
Myothelium. tniyo=ep-i-the'li al.— my-o-fi- 
bro'ma, pi. -bro'mata, fibrous degeneration of the 
muscular tissue, m- Fibroma. — my-o-fi-bro'sis, 
fibrosis of intramuscular tissues, as M. cor'dis, dif¬ 
fuse increase of the interstitial connective tissue 
in the heart.— my-o-gas'ter, the belly or thick 
portion of a muscle, fmy-o-gas'tric. — my'o-gen. 
I. A proteid of muscle which is not precipitated 
on dialysis. 2. = Myosinogen. M.^fibrin, a 
musclesproteid formed when myosinogen clots. 

— my-o-gen'e-sis, the development of muscle 
from its embryonic elements, fniy-o-gen'ic, my- 
og'e-nous. — my-og'lia, the interstitial fibrillar 
substance of muscle.— my-o-glob'u-lin, one of the 
globulins obtained from the expressed juice of 
musclestissue.— my-og'na-thus, a double mon¬ 
ster, attached by a muscular bond between the 
two chins.— my-o-gon'ic, belonging inherently to 
muscle.— my'o-gram, my-o-gram'ma, the tracing 
of a myograph. The plural my-o-gram'ma-ta 
is used in the sense of inscriptiones tendine^. 

— my'o-graph, an instrument recording by trac¬ 

ing, preferably amplified, the character and 
duration of muscular movements: those of Helm¬ 
holtz, Dubois*Reymond, and Marey are the best 
known. Sphygmograph. t^ny-o-graph'ic, as 

Af. tracing = MYOGRAM. — my-og'ra-phy. i. A 
description of the muscles. 2. The use of the 
myograph.— my-o-haem'a-tin, the albuminous 
coloring matter of muscle. — myo-hys-te-rec'- 
to-my, partial excision of the uterus, without 
opening the vagina and usually leaving a portion 
of the cervix.— my'oid, resembling muscle or 
flesh: applied to tumors composed of muscular 
fibres. Myoma. — my-oi-de'ma, a form of 

muscular irritability characterized by the forma- 


MYO- 


596 


MYO- 


tion of a nodular swelling at a place struck with 
a sharp blow ; myosoedema. — my-oi'de um, 
myoid tissue. — my'oi-dism = ideomuscular 
CONTRACTION.— my-o-kym'ia. i. Fibrillary con¬ 
tractions or tremors of the muscle in certain 
nervous diseases, as sciatica and neurasthenia. 
2. An extended tremor of the muscular system, 
sometimes accompanied by pain, tonic contrac¬ 
tions, and sweat secretion, Paramyoclonus. 
— my-o-lem'ma, pi. = sarcolemma. 

tmy-o-lem-mat'ic. — my'o-lin, a name for the 
elementary substance or tissue composing the 
muscles. — myo-li-po'ma^ pi. myolipo'mata, a 
tumor containing both muscular and adipose 
tissue. — my-ol'o-gy, that branch of anatomy 
which treats of the muscles. t^y"Ol'o-gist.— 
my-ol'y-sis, the process of the disintegration or de¬ 
generation of muscular tissue, as M. cardiatox'ica, 
heart*muscle degeneration caused by persistent 
intoxication, as in certain infectious diseases.— 
my-o'ma, pi. myo'mata, a tumor consisting chiefly 
of true musclesfibres, especially of the uterus. 

Fibromyoma. When a myoma is composed 
of unstriated musclesfibres it is called leiomy¬ 
oma and when of striated fibres rhabdomyoma. 
M. IcBvicellula're (of Virchoiv) = leiomyoma. 
M. striocellula're (of Virchow) = rhabdomyoma. 
M. telangiecto'des, a tumor consisting of a 
bundle of blood-vessels enclosed in a net-work 
of muscle-fibres. tniy"OJ^^3.-tous, as M.. polyp, 
a polypus consisting of muscle-fibres.— myo- 
ma-la'ci a, softening of the muscles or flesh, 
especially M. cor'dis, softening of the heart- 
muscle, often preceding an aneurism.— my-o- 
mec'to-my, the surgical excision of a myoma, 
especially the removal of a subperitoneal uterine 
myoma; hysteromyomectomy ; myomohysterec¬ 
tomy.— myo-mel-a-no'sis, melanosis of muscular 
tissue. — my'o-mere = myocomma. — my-om'e- 
ter, an instrument for measuring the shortening 
which a muscle undergoes in contracting.— my- 
o-me-tri'tis, inflammation of the muscular tissue 
of the uterus.— my-o-me'tri um, the muscular 
structure of the uterus.— my-o*mo-hys-te-rec'- 
to-my = MYOMECTOMY. — my-o-mot'o-my. i. In¬ 
cision of a myoma. 2. = Myomectomy. — my'on. 

1. A muscle or set of muscles. 2. A muscular 
unit or integer.— myo-nar-co'sis, benumbing of 
the muscles. — my-o-ne'o-plasm, -plas'ma = my¬ 
oma. — myo-neu-ral'gi a, muscular pain, suppos¬ 
edly of nervous origin.— myo-neu-ras-the'ni a, 
muscular relaxation attending neurasthenia.— 
my'o-neure, a motor nerve-cell. supplying a 
muscle.— myo-neu-ro'ma, myoma in conjunction 
with neuroma.— my-o-nic'i-ty, muscular contrac¬ 
tility.— my'o-nin, muscle-substance.— my-o-ni'tis 
= MYITIS.— my-on'o-sos, -sus, disease of a muscle. 

Myopathy. — my-on'y-my, nomenclature of 
muscles.— myosoe-de'ma. i. Q2dema of muscle. 

2. = Myoidema.— myo-pa-chyn'sis, hypertrophy 
of muscle, as M. /f/?c>ma/o'5a= pseudohypertro- 
PHic PARALYSIS.— my-o-pal'mus, a nervous move¬ 
ment or twitching of the muscles or tendons; 
subsultus tendinum.— myo-pa-ral'y-sis, muscular 
paralysis.— my-op'a-thy, my-o-path'i a, any idi¬ 
opathic disease primarily affecting the muscles. 
I®-Myalgia. Primary m., idiopathic muscular 
atrophy, fmy-o-path'ic, as M. atrophy, muscular 
atrophy from disease of the muscular tissue itself: 
M. facies, a peculiar facial expression character¬ 
istic of infantile myopathic muscular atrophy, 
and marked by drooping of the lower lip, sinking 


in of the cheeks, and imperfect movement of the 
muscles of the face: M. paralysis, muscular 
paralysis; myoparalysis: and M. spasm, spasm due 
to lesion of the muscles.— myo-per-i-car-di'tis, 
combined myocarditis and pericarditis.— myo- 
per-i-to-ni'tis, inflammation of the muscles of the 
peritoneum.— my-oph'a-gism, degeneration of 
muscular tissue, as in muscular atrophy.— my-o- 
phag'o-cyte, a phagocyte formed from muscular 
tissue.— my'o-phone, an instrument for measur¬ 
ing the intensity of sound produced by contract¬ 
ing muscles, fniy-o-pho'ni a, muscle-sound.— 
myo-pi'e-sis = massage. — my'o-plast, a cell 
which forms muscle, tmy-o-plas'tic ; my'o-plas- 
ty. — my-o-ple'gi a, muscular paralysis.— my-o- 
po'lar, relating to the polarity of muscles or to 
the poles of the action of muscles, fmyo-po-lar'i- 
ty. — my-o-pro'te id, a proteid derived from mus¬ 
cle-tissue.— my-o-pro'te-ose = myo-albumose. — 
my-op'sin, a principle found in the pancreatic 
juice, said to be a powerful digestant of albumi¬ 
nous materials. — my-o-psy-chop'a-thy, my'o- 
psy-chy, a myopathic affection associated with 
mental di.sease or defects, as paralysis agitans 
or Sydenham's chorea. — my-o-psy-cho'sis, a 
myopathic and neuromuscular disorder associated 
with mental disease.— my-or'rha-phy, the sutur¬ 
ing of muscles.— my-or-rheu'ma, pi. -rheu'mata, 
the lancinating pains of rheumatism. — my-or- 
rhex'is, -rhex'i a, laceration or rupture of one 
or more muscles. — Myoryc'tes weisman'ni, a 
parasitic worm found in living muscle-tissue.— 
myo-sal-pin-gi'tis, inflammation of the muscle- 
tissues of the oviduct.— myo-sar-co'ma, myoma 
combined with sarcoma; a sarcoma with elements 
resembling striped muscular fibre. — myo-sce- 
nog'ra-phy, a pictorial representation of the 
muscles.— myo-scle-ro'sis, sclerosis or hardening 
of muscle-tissue, fmyo-scle-rot'ic, as M. paral¬ 
ysis = PSEUDOHYPERTROPHIC PARALYSIS. -my'- 

o-scope, a device with which the phenomena of 
muscular contraction may be studied.— my-o- 
se'ism, my-o-seis'mi a, irregular, jerky muscular 
contraction.— my-o-sep'tum = myocomm.-v.— my- 
o-se'rum, muscle-juice expressed from meat.— 
my'o-sin, a proteid obtainable from the coagulum 
of muscle-plasma. It is the final product of the 
globulin of the muscle-plasma and forms natu¬ 
rally in dead muscle. M.^ferment, a muscle-fer¬ 
ment which coagulates blood-plasma. M.^fibrin, 
a form of insoluble myosin. Vegetable m., a prod¬ 
uct similar to myosin derived from the seeds 
of plants. — my-o-sin'o-gen, a proteid of the 
muscle-plasma of living muscle and the chief 
agent in the formation of myosin, Paramyo¬ 
sinogen.— my-o'si-nose, a substance produced 
by the peptic digestion of myosin.— myo-si-nu'- 
ri a, the presence and excretion of myosin in 
the urine; myosuria.— my-p-si'tis, inflammation 
of a muscle; myitis. Acute disseminated m.= 
pseudotrichinosis. Acute progressive m., a 
rare form of myositis with gradual diffusion over 
the entire muscular system and fatal termination. 
M. fibro'sa, myositis with hyperplasia of connec¬ 
tive tissue in the muscle-substance. Gonorrhoeal 
m., muscular inflammation due to the presence of 
gonococci. Infectious m., a form occurring chiefly 
in overworked young persons, death frequently 
resulting in a few days. Interstitial m., myositis 
which affects the muscular connective tissue en¬ 
velope and septa. M. ossif'icans, inflammation 
of muscle attended by the formation of bony 


MYOCTONIC ACID 


597 


MYRICA CERIFERA 


tissue. It may be progressive, traumatic, etc., and 
occurs chiefly in the deltoid and adductor mus¬ 
cles of the thighs. Primary multiple m. — pseu¬ 
dotrichinosis. M. purulen'ta, a bacterial form 
of myositis with gangrene and suppuration. M. 
r/ieuma'ifca = MYALGIA. M. sero'sa, myositis ac¬ 
companied by serous exudations. Suppurative 
m., myositis developing into a muscular abscess 
or diffuse muscular suppuration. Al. trichina'sa, 
muscular inflammation due to the presence of 
trichinae, fniy-o-sit'ic. — my'o-some, the con¬ 
tractile part of a muscle. — my-os'pa-sis, muscu¬ 
lar contraction. — my-o-spas'mi a, diseases which 
have involuntary muscle contractions as chief 
symptoms. — my-o-spas'mus, my'o-spasm, spasm 
or cramp of a muscle. — my-o-styp'sis, muscular 
contraction, especially that which affects the cali¬ 
bre of an excretory duct.— my-o-su'ri a = myo- 
siNURi.\.— my'o-su-ture, suturing of muscular 
tissue.— myo-syn-i-ze'sis, the adhesion of one 
muscle underneath another.— my-o-tac'tic, per¬ 
taining to the muscle=sense or muscular touch. 

— my-o-tal'gi a, muscle=pain. It occurs sponta¬ 
neously in old age as M. seni'lis. — my-ot'a-sis, 
musclestension. fi^^y-o-tat'ic, relating to mus- 
cle*tension; designating that contraction or that 
irritability of muscle which is brought into play 
by sudden passive stretching. M. contraction, 
any tendon^reflex. M. irritability, the muscular 
tendonsreflex, producible by a blow, at certain 
parts of the body, as the knee, and due to a pas¬ 
sive spinal reflex tension. — myo-te-not'o-my, 
the division or section of muscles and tendons. 

— my-o-the'li um, the cellular matter of a myo- 

comma. — my-o-ther'a-py, treatment with mus¬ 
cle juice and tissue. — my-o-ther'mic, relating to 
the development of heat in a muscle. — my-o-til'- 
i-ty, muscular contractility. — my'o-tome. i. An 
instrument for dividing a muscle. 2. = Myocom- 
MA. — my-ot'o-my. i. Dissection of the muscles. 
2. Operative division or cutting of a muscle 
to prevent muscle=contraction. Tenotomy.— 

my-o-to'ni a, my'o-tone, tension or rigidity of a 
muscle. M. acquisi'ta, myotonia due to trauma, 
overstrain, or non=hereditary sequelae; Talma’s 
disease. M. congen'ita, Thomsen’s disease, usu¬ 
ally a congenital and family disease, marked by 
painless rigidity or increased and abnormal to¬ 
nicity of the muscles when first put into exercise 
after rest. It is usually localized in the legs. M. 
tran'siens = M.. congenita: this would be a pref¬ 
erable term, as the disease is not always congeni¬ 
tal. Paramyotonia ; paramyoclonus, fniy- 
o-ton'ic, as M. reaction {of Erh), a muscular re¬ 
action to electrical stimuli observed in Thomsen’s 
disease. It consists of peculiar wave*like con¬ 
tractions moving from cathode to anode when a 
steady current is applied for some time, N eu¬ 
rotonic reaction, myo-to-nic'i-ty; my-ot'o- 
ny.— my-o-tox'ic serum, a serum acting directly 
upon muscles. — myo-trich-o-din'i a, a hair-worm 
inhabiting muscle. — my-o-tyr'be = chorea. 

my-oc-ton'ic or my-oc-to-nin'ic acid. A highly 
poisonous oil from Palicou'rea marcgra'vi. 

my-oc'to-nine. A strongly poisonous principle, not 
unlike curare in action: obtained from a Euro¬ 
pean species of aconite (Aconi'tum lycoc'tonum). 
[< pvq mouse -f Kre'iveiv to kill.] 

my o-de-sop'si a. = Muiodesopsia. [<fiviaPLy + 
elSog iormpb'^ig sight.] 

my'ope, my'ops. A myopic or near-sighted person. 

my-o'pia. Near-sightedness; purblindness; a con¬ 


dition usually due to elongation of the anteropos¬ 
terior diameter of the eye {Axial m.), resulting in 
the formation of the image of distant objects 
in front of the retina. 
gtBathymorphia ;hy- 
permetropia; plesi- 
OPiA. It may be due 
also to a change in the 
curvature of the sur¬ 
face of the eye {Cur¬ 
vature m.), or to some 
change in the refrac¬ 
tive media {Index m.). 

High m., myopia great¬ 
er than 6.5 diopters. 

Lowm., myopia below 
2 diopters. Malignant 
{pernicious) m., myo¬ 
pia due to serious dis¬ 
eases of the choroid, or 
to injuries, an'd pro¬ 
gressing to retinal de¬ 
tachment and blind¬ 
ness. Prodromal m., 
a change in the shape 
of crystalline lens in early cataract whereby 
the one so affected may be able for a time 
to read again without glasses. Progressive m., 
myopia that continues into adult life and grows 
more pronounced. [< fiveiv to close -I- wi/^eye.] 
fmy-o'pic, as M. astigmatism, astigmatism: 
and M. crescent = convs, def. i.— my-o-pi'a-sis 

= MYOPIA. 

myo-po-di-or-tho'ter, -di-or-tho'ti-con. An instru¬ 
ment for correcting short-sightedness, 
myo-por-tho'sis. The correction of myopia, 
myo-pres-by'ti a. The state of being myopic in 
one eye and presbyopic in the other, 
my-o'sis. i. =Mysis. Spastic m., myosis due to 
spasm of the sphincter pupillae. Spinal m., 
myosis due to spinal affection. 2. = Myopathy. 
fmy-ot'ic. 

my-ot'ic. i. Contracting the pupil of the eye. 2. 
A remedy or agent, such as eserine, pilocarpine, 
or morphine, capable of causing contraction of 
the pupil by paralyzing the sympathetic and 
stimulating the oculomotor nerve; meiotic. 
myr'bane, oil of. = Nitrobenzol. 
myr'cene. An oleflnic terpene, C^oHjg, obtained 
from oil of bay. 

Myr'cia. A genus of Myrta'cece, the species AI. a'cris 
furnishing oil of bay and bay-rum. 
myr-i-ach'it. =Miryachit. 

myr'i-a-gramme. Ten thousand grammes; a metric 
weight, equal to 22 pounds and 324 grains avoir¬ 
dupois. [<ten thousand + F. gramme.] 
myr'i-a-li-tre. Ten thousand litres; a metric meas¬ 
ure, equal to 2641.9 wine gallons. [< pvpioi ten 
thousand-h F. litre.] 

myr'i-a-me-tre. Ten thousand metres; a metric 
measure of length, equal to 6 miles, i furlong, 
156 yards, and 8 inches. [< fiipiot ten thousand 
-t- F. mHre; F. myriofnHre.] 

Myriap'oda. =Myriopoda. 

Myri'ca cerif'era. The wax myrtle, or bayberry 
plant, the berries of which yield a substance simi¬ 
lar to the yellow wax of the phaimacopoeias. It 
is a powerful errhine and stimulant. Its me¬ 
dicinal virtues are those of myricin. Dose of 
powder, 1.3 to 2 Gm. (20 to 30 grs.). M. na'gi, 
a Chinese species from the bark of which is ob> 
tained the yellow pigment, my-ri'ce-tin. 




Myopia. — The rays of light 
a and b do not come to a 
focus at c, because the eye 
is elongated. This is cor¬ 
rected by the employment 
of a double concave lens. 
In the lower figure (hyper- 
metropia), the rays of 
light are brought to a focus 
beyond the fundus, this 
being corrected by aid of a 
double convex lens. 








MYRICIN 


598 


MYSIS 


my-ri'cm. i. A resinoici precipitated from the 
tincture of Myri'ca cerif'era: said to be alterative, 
stimulant, diuretic, and astringent. Dose, 0.32 
Gm. (5 grs.). 2. Myricyl palmitic ester, CjpH3^0.2.- 
CyoHgi, derived from beeswax. 3. = Myristicol. 
my-ri'cyl, my-ri'cil. The radical, M. alco¬ 

hol, a hydrocarbon, C3QHg.20: obtained by de¬ 
composing beeswax. , M. cerotate, a compound, 
Cg^HggO.OCgQHgj, found in carnauba wax. M. 
palmitate, a compound, CigHaiO.OCggHgp forming 
that part of beeswax which is insoluble in alco¬ 
hol. M. palmitic ester = MYRICIN, def. 2. fniy- 
ric'y-late. 

myr-in'ga. The membrana tympani*. [L.] 
myr-in-gec'to-my, = Myringodectomy. 
my-rin-gi'tis. Inflammation of the ynembrana tym¬ 
panic, seldom primary, but usually accompanied 
by inflammation of the meatus and the tympanic 
cavity. [< L. myrin'ga the membrana tympanic 
my-rin'go-. Relating or pertaining to the mem¬ 
brana tympanic: a combining form. [< L. my¬ 
rin'ga the membrana tympanic.] my-rin-go-dec'- 
to-my, the surgical removal of the membrana tym¬ 
panic or a part of it.— my-rin*go-der-ma-ti'tis, 
inflammation of the external layer of the mem¬ 
brana tympanic, accompanied by the formation of 
blebs.— my-rin-gog'ra-phy, the recording of the 
variations of the membrana tympanic and of the 
ossicles. — my-rin*go-my-co'sis, the growth of 
Aspergil'lus fiaves'cens, A. glau'cus, or other sim¬ 
ilar fungoid organisms within the meatus or on 
the membrana tympanic. It is accompanied by 
inflammatory symptoms, Otomycosis. — my- 

rin'go-plas-ty, a plastic operation for restoration 
of the membrana tympanic by means of the trans¬ 
plantation of skin.—^ my-rin'go-tome, a needle 
for perforating the membrana tympanic. — my- 
rin-got'o-my, the operation of cutting through 
the membrana tympanic. ^ Mastoid operation. 
my'rinx. =Myringa. [L.] 

myr'i-o-car'pin. A resinous substance found in 
the gourd of Cu'cumis myriocar'pus. 

Myriop'oda. A class of arthropoda, including the 
centipedes. • 

Myris'tica*. i. A genus of plants of the order 
Myristica'cece. 2. The U. S. P. name for the kernel 
of the ripe seed of M. fra'grans, or nutmeg. It 
is aromatic and narcotic, and is used as corri- 
gent, flavor, and condiment at the table. Dose, 
0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). i^Macis. M. oto'ba, otoba 
FAT. \^<^pvpt(,e.LV to anoint with ointment.] fmy" 
ris'tic, as M. acid, a white, crystalline substance, 
Cj4H2g0.2, occurring in nutmeg, spermaceti, cocoa- 
nut oil, etc.; and M. alcohol, an alcohol, C14H29OH, 
from spermaceti, etc. my-ris'tate, a salt of myris- 
tic acid, my-ris'ti-cene, a terpene, CigHj^, from the 
volatile oil of nutmeg, my-ris'ti-cin, a stearop- 
tene, €3115(014112702)3, deposited by oil of nutmeg 
and oil of clove, my-ris'ti-col, a waxy substance, 
C10H14O, obtained from oil of nutmeg, my-ris'tin, 
a substance, C45Hg^Og, extracted by ether from 
powdered nutmeg, my-ris'tone, a white, crystal¬ 
line substance, C2gHg4CO, obtained by distilling 
calcium myristate with lime, 
my-ris-ti-ca'tion. The formation of nutmeg liver. 

fmy-ris'ti-ca-ted, as M. Aber= nutmeg liver. 
myr-me'cia. i. = Formication. 2. Verruca for- 
micaria, a warty growth, whose progress is at¬ 
tended by formication. [< jivpprj^ ant.] 
myr-me-ci'a-sis, myr-me-ci-as'mus, myr-me'ci-asm. 
I. = Formication. 2. A breaking out of warts. 
3. =Raphania. [< pvppr)^ ant.] 


my-rob'a-lan. A dried Indian fruit of different 
species of Termina'lia and other genera. They 
were formerly believed to possess wonderful heal¬ 
ing powers and are used in intestinal catarrh 
and diarrhoea. [ < pvpov ointment + (daAavog 
acorn, or any similar fruit.] 
my'ron. i. An ointment. 2. A soft resin. 
my-ronTc acid. An acid, C1QH19NS2O1Q, which 
exists in the state of potassium myronate in the 
seed of black mustard, Sina'pis ni'gra. t^iy'- 
ron-ate, as Potassium m. = sinigrin. 
my-ro'nin. A proprietary ointment=base said to 
consist of stearinssoap, carnauba wax, and 
doegling oil. 

my'ro-sin. A soluble, albuminous ferment, con¬ 
tained in mustard=seed and producing the oil of 
mustard by reacting on potassium myronate in 
the presence of water. 

Myrox'ylon. A genus of leguminous trees. M. 
perei'rce afiords balsam of Peru; M. toluif'erum, 
balsam of Tolu. [ < pvpov ointment - 1 - f f'Aop wood. ] 
myrrh, myr'rha*. A gum=resin obtained from 
Commiph'ora myr'rha in roundish or irregular 
tears or masses. It has a balsamic odor, and a 
bitter, acrid taste. It is a stimulant, tonic, and 
astringent. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). ■fmyr'rhic, 
as M. acid, a liquid compound, C24H32O4, derived 
from myr'rhin, a resin contained in myrrh, myr'- 
rhol, a volatile oil, 04911440, contained in myrrh, 
myr'rho-lin, a solution of myrrh in an equal 
quantity of castor oil: used as an alterative or a 
vehicle for administering creosote, 
myr-ta'ce-ous, myr'tal. Characteristic of or per¬ 
taining to the myrtle family, 
myr'ti-form. Like the myrtle® 
berry or ®leaf. M. caruncles = 

CARUNCUL^ MYRTIFORMES. M. 

fossa, the incisive fossa of 
the superior maxilla. [< L. 
myr'tum myrtle=berry -I- for'ma 
form.] 

myr-tilTin. A substance extracted 
from huckleberries, used in the 
treatment of eczema and intes¬ 
tinal catarrh. 

myr'tle. Myr'tus commu'nis. M. 
wax, wax obtained from Myri'ca 
cerif'era. 

myr'tol. A volatile oil from Myr'tus commu'nis. 
It is stimulant, anticatarrhal, and antiseptic. 
Dose, 0.06 to 0.13 Cc. (i to 2 mins.). 
Myrtophyl'lum. A genus of flagellate protozoa, 
in appearance like a myrtle leaf. M. hep'atis, a 
protozoon organism found in hepatic abscesses. 
Myr'tus. The myrtle®tree, a genus of the order 
Myrta'cece. M. chek'en, ^ cheken. M. com¬ 
mu'nis, common myrtle, an evergreen aromatic 
shrub, a native of Western Asia. Its aromatic 
berries have been used as a stimulant and an 
astringent and as an antiseptic dressing for 
ulcerated or inflamed surfaces. A highly per¬ 
fumed astringent liquor or essence is distilled 
from its white or rose®tinged flowers. Dose, 
0.42 to I Gm. (5 to 15 grs.). [< pvprog.] 
my'sis, mei-o'sis, mi-o'sis, my-o'sis. i. A closing 
or a decrease in size of a part, especially con¬ 
traction of the pupil from the use of a myotic 
or in nervous disorders. 2. Too small per¬ 
foration of the pupil of the eye. 3. The abate¬ 
ment of a disease, or the time at which it begins 
to abate. [< pvaig a closing.] t^Y^sic, mei-ot'- 
ic, mi-ot'ic, my-ot'ic. * 



MYSITIS 


599 


MYZORHYNCHUS NIGERRIMUS 


my-si'tis. = Myositis. 

my-so-pho'bi a. A mental affection in which there 
is a morbid fear of contamination or of some 
disease resulting from contamination. [< fivao(; 
anything loathsome or unclean + (pojSog fear.] 
mys'tax. The upper lip; also the hair on the upper 
lip, or moustache. [< //mra^.] fmys-ta'ci al. 
my'ta-cism. =Mutacism. 

myth-o-ma'ni a. An insane or morbid craving for 
telling fables or lies. 

myt*i-lo-tox'in. A poisonous ptomaine, CgHjgN02, 
described by Brieger as obtainable from the livers 
of diseased Mytilus edulis; mussebpoison. It 
resembles curare in its physiological action. 
[< [xyriTioq mussel + to^ikov poison.] fmyt'i-lo- 
tox-is'mus, mytd-lo-tox'ism, mussebpoisoning. 
Myt'ilus edu'lis. The edible mussel, a shelbfish 
found in vast beds in the European seas: often 
poisonous, sometimes producing all the symptoms 
of urticaria and occasionally symptoms of asthma 
and fatal paralysis. Poisonous mussels have 
been prescribed in cases of tetanus, 
myt'o-lin. An albuminoid body derived from 
muscle. 

my-u'rous pulse. = Pulsus myurus. 
myx-, myx'o-. Of or belonging to mucus; muco- * 
MYCO-: combining forms. mucus.] myx- 

ad-e-ni'tis, inflammation of a mucous gland.— 
myx-ad-e-no'ma = myxosadenoma. — myx-ae'- 
mi a, presence of mucin in the blood.— myx-an- 
ge-i'tis, inflammation of the mucus gland ducts. 
— myx-as-the'ni a, overdryness of the mucosa, as¬ 
sociated with relaxation, and seen in gout, diabe¬ 
tes, and cholelithiasis.— myx-e-de'ma = MYXCEDE- 
MA. — myx-eu-rys'ma, a congenital skin=disease 
characterized by vesicles, due to dilated lymphs 
vessels. — myx-id'i-o-cy, myxoedema having as its 
principal symptom defective mental development. 

— myx-i-o'sis, mucous discharge.— myx'osad-e- 
no'ma, adenoma with myxoma.— myx’o-chon*- 
dro-fi‘bro-sar-co'ma, sarcoma containing mu¬ 
cous, cartilaginous, and flbrous tissues.— myx*o- 
chon-dro'ma, a form of myxoma united with 
chondroma. fj^yx'o-chon-drom'a-tous. — myx- 
o-chon'dro-sar-co'ma, a tumor containing myx- 
(umatous, cartilaginous, and connectivestissue ele¬ 
ments.— Myxococcid'ium stegomy'iae. i A yeast 
fungus found in mosquitoes fed on bananas: 
used as a culture medium. 2. The suggested 
name for the parasite suspected of causing 
yellow fever.— myx-o-col'i-ca, a mucous colic. 

— myx'o-cyl-in-dro'ma, a cylindroma in which 
myxomatous tissue is deposited in the meshes 
or in the interstices of the tumor.— myx-o- 
cys-ti'tis, inflammation of the membrane lin¬ 
ing the bladder. — myx-o-cys-to'ma = myxoid 
CYSTOMA. — myx-o-der'mi a, softening of the 
skin, accompanied by ecchymoses and muscles 
contractions. — m3rx-oe-de'ma, see entry in vo¬ 
cabulary place at end of this list.— myx'osen- 
do-the-li-o'ma, an endothelioma containing myx¬ 
omatous tissue.— myx'o-fi-bro'ma, myxoma com¬ 
bined with fibroma, fniyx'o-fi-brom'a-tous. — 
myx'o-fi*bro-sar-co'ma, a sarcoma containing 
myxomatous and fibromatous tissues. — myx- 
og'e-nous, mucussproducing. — myx*o-gli'o-ma, 
a glioma containing myxomatous tissue.— myx'- 
oid, like mucus mucous. M. cystoma, a cyst 
containing mucusslike tissues, especially an 
ovarian cyst whose inner surface resembles a 
mucous membrane; a myxocystoma. — myx’oi- 
doe-de'ma, a severe form of influenza; American 


grippe. — myx’osi-no'ma, an inoma containing 
myxomatous elements.— myx*o-li-po'ma, a tu¬ 
mor containing myxomatous and lipomatous ele¬ 
ments. tniyx*o-li-pom'a-tous. — myx-o'ma, a 
tumor which contains mucus in the intercellular 
substance; collonema. Cystic m., a myxoma con¬ 
taining cavities. Enchondromatous m., a myxoma 
containing a deposit of cartilage in the intercel¬ 
lular substance. Erectile m., vascular myxoma. 
Lipomatous m., a myxoma containing a deposit 
of fat in the cells. M. mul'tiplex cho'rii = hydatid 
MOLE. Vascular m., a myxoma containing many 
blood-vessels and resembling an angioma, 
fmyx-o'ma-tous. — Myxomyce'tes, a group of 
fungusslike organisms, protoplasmic in character; 
slime = moulds. ti^iyx’o-my-ce'tous. — myx'o- 
neu-ro'ma, neuroma containing myxomatous 
tissue.— myx’o-neu-ro'sis, a disease characterized 
by abnormal mucous secretion, of neurotic origin. 
M. intestina'lis membrana'cea, intestinal catarrh 
combined with a neurotic mucous secretion.— 
myx‘o-pap-il-lo'ma, a papilloma containing mu¬ 
cous elements. — myx'o-pod. i. A protozoon 
having confluent pseudopodia. 2. The malarial 
parasite at its youngest stage, while living in the 
red blood-corpuscle.— myx*o-poi-e'sis, the secre¬ 
tion of mucus. — myx-or-rhoe'a, an unusually 
copious secretion of mucus, f^iyx-or-rhe'us, a 
person subject to unusual mucous discharge, 
especially an infant.— myx’o-sar-co'ma, a tumor 
combining the characters of myxoma and sar¬ 
coma. ti*iyx’o-sar-com'a-tous. — Myxosporid'i a, 
an order of sporozoa which are amoeboid and 
endoparasitic in character. They infest insects, 
fish, and animals, and, probably, the human body. 

myx-oe-de'ma. The name given to a hyperplastic 
and modified deposit of connective tissue in all 
parts of the body cachexie pachydermique of 
Charcot. The skin is everywhere thickened, 
translucent, dry and rough to the touch, perspi¬ 
ration being rare or wholly absent. Anasarca is 
often added to the myxoedema in the later stages 
of this affection. Early in the disease the senses 
and the intellect seem blunted; as it progresses, 
all the movements of the body become more and 
more slow and languid, the speech labored, the 
voice monotonous; later, loss of memory and 
aberration of intellect supervene. True myxoe¬ 
dema is always associated with atrophy, destruc¬ 
tion, or ablation of the thyroid gland. Sporadic 
myxoedema is either of the infantile or the con¬ 
genital type. ^Cachexia strumipriva ; cre¬ 
tinism PARATHYROID. Acquired infantile m., 
myxoedema occurring in early life. Congenital 
m., cretinism occurring congenitally; congenital 
myxidiocy of Siegert; thyreoplasia of Pineles; 
myxoedematous idiocy of Bourneville. Operative 
or postoperative m., myxoedema due to surgical 
removal of the thyroid gland. mucus -|- 

oUrjfia swelling.] fmyx-oe-dem'a-toid, as M. 
dystrophy = A-Vtivosis dolorosa, myx-oe-dem'a- 
tous. 

myy-dro-cys'tis. A hydatid in the flesh. \_<pvg 
muscle -t- L. hydrocys'tis hydatid.] 

my-ze'sis. The act of sucking. [< pvCeiv to suck.] 

Myzomy'ia culifa'cies, funes'ta, and lis'toni. Species 
of Anopheli'nce which may be intermediate hosts 
for malarial parasites. 

Myzorhyn'chus niger'rimus. A species of Anophe- 
li'ncB sometimes serving as intermediate hosts for 
filarial parasites. M. pic'tus and pseudopic'tus 
may be intermediate hosts of malarial parasites. 


N 


GOO 


NAIL 



N. I. Symbol for NITROGEN. 2. Abbr. for normal 
SOLUTION. 3. Sign for index of refraction. 
N.A. Abbr. for numerical aperture. 

N.A.R.D. Abbr. for National Association Retail 
Druggists. 

N.N.R. Abbr. for new and nonofficial remedies, 
passed upon by the council on Pharmacy and 
Chemistry of the American Medical Association. 
Na. Chemical symbol for sodium. [L. na'trium.'] 
Nab'alus. A genus of composite plants of which 
N. al'bus is tonic and astringent, 
na'bit. Powdered white sugar. [Arab.] 

Na'both’s (na-bo'thi an) follicles or glands. Small 
glandular bodies within the mouth of the uterus 
and the canal of the cervix, sometimes forming 
cysts, ovules, or vesicles. N.’s menorrhagia, a 
serous discharge escaping from the uterus of a 
pregnant woman through the vagina; hydrorrhoea 
gravidarum. [Martin Naboth, a Saxon anatomist, 
1675-1721.] 

NaCl. Chemical formula for sodium chloride. 
nac'ra. An East Indian form of influenza, 
na'cre. Mother=ofspearl: formerly prescribed as an 
antacid. [< Ar. nakir hollowed.] f^a'cre-ous. 
Na'ge-le’s obliquity. Flexion of the child’s head to¬ 
ward the posterior shoulder in labor. N.’s pel¬ 
vis, a peculiar distortion of the pelvis resulting 
from arrest of development, with fusion of the 
sacrum with the ilium; usually unsuspected until 
parturition, and then sometimes fatal to both 
mother and child. [Franz Karl Nagele, a Ger¬ 
man gynaecologist, 1777-1851.] 

Nae'ge-ii’s solution. A solution of zinc chloro=> 
iodide, used as a microchemical test for cellulose 
(blue color) and for tannin (reddish.to violet). 
nae-vo-car-ci-no'ma. A pigmented carcinoma re¬ 
sembling a nasvus. 

nae-vo-li-po'ma. An unusual form of lipoma which 
contains many blood-vessels and is considered to 
be a degenerated naevus; naevus lipomatosus. 
nae'vus, ne'vus, pi. nce'vi, ne'vi. A congenital mark 
or blemish; a mole; a birth-mark; a circumscribed 
deposit of pigmentary or vascular matter in the 
skin; an angioma of the skin; a mother’s mark. 
The large port-wine stain is the most striking 
variety. Radium is useful in the treatment of 
naevi. A sharp line of distinction cannot often 
be drawn between the different varieties, though 
N. fiam'meus usually does not enlarge after birth, 
while N. vasculo'sus tubero'sus does, m- Angioma. 
Other terms applied to naevus than those given 
below are: Arterial, Capillary (= N. vascu¬ 
laris), Cutaneous, Linear (= N. nervosus). 
Trigeminal, and Venous (= N. vascularis). 
N. angiomato'des = angio-elephantiasis. N. 
araneo'sus (ara'neus), a naevus with radiating 
lines like a spider’s legs, Acne rosacea. N. 
caverno'sus = cavernous angioma. N. cyst- 
epitheliomato'sus dissemina'tus = hydradenoma. 
[^ L. j. ’06.] N. flam'meus, n.evus vinosus, 
especially a strawberry mark. N. incres'cens, a 
naevus which continually increases in size. N. 
i'ridis, dark rust-colored, brown, or black spots 
in an otherwise gray or blue iris. N. lipomato'- 
des, a naevus containing fatty matter and forming 


a raisqd tumor. N. lipomato'sus = n^volipoma. 
N. lu'pus, a serpiginous form of naevus; infective 
angioma. N. lymphat'icus, a lymphangioma of 
the skin. N. mater'nus, “ maternal or mother’s 
mark,” a congenital mark on the skin; supposed 
effect of the mother’s longing for or aversion to, 
certain objects, or of some occurrence during 
pregnancy; birth-mark; port-wine stain. N. 
molluscifor'mis, a protruding tumor-like, fatty 
mole. N. multiplex, a lobulated form of naevus. 
N. nervo'sus, streaks of papillary elevations due 
to hypertrophy of the corneous and papillary 
layers of the skin; linear naevus. N. neuropath'- 
icus, a variety distributed along the course of a 
nerve and due to intra-uterine trophoneurotic 
disturbance; naevus unius lateris; papilloma neu¬ 
ropat hicum. N. pigmento'sus, a pigmented mole 
which may become malignant. N. pila'ris (pilo'- 
sus), a naevus with hair growing on its surface. N. 
planus = N. spilus. N. sanguin'eus = N. vascu¬ 
laris. N. spiflus, a naevus with a smooth surface; 
naevus planus. N. telangiecta'sia = N. vascula¬ 
ris. N. uni'us lat'eris = N. neuropathicus. N. 
vascula'ris, a telangiectatic naevus, the redness 
of which disappears upon pressure. N. vasculo'¬ 
sus (vascula'ris) tubero'sus = cavernous angio¬ 
ma. N. verruco'sus, a naevus with a rough, warty 
surface, Condyloma. N. vino'sus, a reddish, 
vascular naevus; strawberry mark; port-wine 
stain; mulberry mark. [L., fr. nas'cere to be 
born.] fnae'void or ne'void, as N. elephantiasis, 
rs* elephantiasis, nae'vose or ne'vose; nae'vous 
or ne'vous. 

naf'a-lan, naf'ta-lan. Proprietary naphtha soaps. 

Nafal.\n. 

na-ga'na, n’ga'na, ny-ga'na. A central African 
disease of animals, due to Trypanoso'ma bru'cei, 
a parasite, transmitted by the bite of the tsetse 
fly; tsetse disease, Trypanosomiasis. 

nail. An appendage consisting of modified epithe¬ 
lium, forming a semitransparent, horny plate, 
attached to the dorsal extremities of the fingers 
and toes as a 
protective cov¬ 
ering ; unguis*. 

The cells com¬ 
posing nails are 
derived from 
the stratum lu- 
cidum of the 
skin. t 3 *FRAC- 
TURE-N.; Hang- 




Nail OF Index Finger. 


NAIL ( = ag¬ 
nail) ; INGROWING N. ; PARROT-BEAK N. ; REEDY N. ; 
TURTLE-BACK N. N.sarca, an area at the end of 
the digit of the embryo marked by a thickening 
of the epitrichium and constituting the first ap¬ 
pearance of the nail. N.sbed, the surface at the 
extremities of the fingers and toes to which the 
nail is attached; matrix unguis*. N.sbiting, nib¬ 
bling at the finger-nails and keeping them worn 
down to the quick; a symptom in nervous dis¬ 
eases. N.sbone, the lachrymal bone. N.sculture, 
a bacteriological culture in which the growth 
has the resemblance of a spike driven into the 













601 


NAPHTHYLAMINE 


NAJA 

the culturesmedium. N.sfold, the fold of connec¬ 
tive tissue embracing the base and sides of the nail. 
N.sgroove, the depression in which the nail is 
inserted. N.=matrix. i. = Nail=bed. 2. The 
proximal end of the naibbed. N.=pulse = 
Quincke’s capillary pulse. N.srampart, N.s 
wall, the fold of skin around the sides and root 
of the nail; vallum unguis"^. 

Na'ja. I. A genus of venomous East Indian snakes. 
N. tripu'dians, the cobra di capello of India. 2. A 
homoeopathic preparation of cobra venom, 
na'ked eye. The eye unaided by magnifying lenses. 

Macroscopic. N. nucleus, a nucleus which is 
not surrounded by celbprotoplasm. 
nak'ra. =Nacra. 

nal-ar-do'fi. A nervous disease, endemic in Ice¬ 
land, with pricking pains and numbness in the 
hands. 

nam'ing centre. A centre in the brain supposed, 
by Broadbent, to exist where the several sensory 
elements of a concept are united by a word, 
nand-hi-ro'ba. The seed of a South American tree 
it has purgative, emetic, and febrifugal properties, 
nan-di'nine. An amorphous, poisonous alkaloid, 
C|9H,9N04, from the root^bark of Nandi'na do¬ 
mes'tica. 

na'nism. Dwarfishness; the state of being dwarf¬ 
ish or undersized. [ < vdvoQ dwarf.] 
na'no-. Pertaining or relating to dwarfishness: a 
combining form. [< vavog dwarf.] namo-ce- 
pha'lia, -ceph'a-lism, -ceph'a-ly, the state or 
condition of having an abnormally small head, 
the brain being naturally undeveloped, Mi¬ 
crocephalia. tii3^~^o-ceph'a-lous. na-no-ceph'- 
a-lus.— na-no-cor'mi a, abnormal smallness of 
the trunk, fna-no-cor'mus. — na'noid, resembling 
a dwarf; dwarf=like. — na-no-me'li a, abnormal 
smallness of the limbs, fna-nom'e-lous. na- 
nom'e-lus.— na-no-so'mi a = microsomia, 
no-so'mus. 

na'nus. i. Dwarfed; stunted in stature. 2. A 
dwarf; a pygmy. [L., fr. vdvoq.'] tii3,'nous. 
nap. A brief slumber. [< A. S. hnap'pian to nod.] 
nape. The back part of the neck, including the 
projecting spinous process of the seventh cervical 
vertebra. [M. E.; L. nu'cha nape.] 
na-pel'line. An amorphous alkaloid, CgeH^gNO^, 
obtained from Aconi'tum napel'lus, distinct from 
aconitine and less poisonous. It is an anodyne 
and antineuralgic. Dose, 0.0065 Gm. (3^9 gr.)- 
na'pha. Orange flowers. [L.] 
naph'ta-line. = Naphthalenum*. 
naph-ta-li'num. The 1890 U. S. P. name for naph¬ 
thalenum*. 

naph'tha. A colorless or pale^yellow, clear, inflam¬ 
mable bituminous liquid; benzin: a hydrocarbon 
and a mineral oil, nearly identical with petroleum. 
When prescribed by English physicians it means 
pyroxylic and pyro^aceiic spirits; in German pre¬ 
scriptions it means ether and is often written 
naphtha vitrioli. N. ace'ti = ^THER aceticus*. 
Coalstar n., a volatile mixture containing hydro¬ 
carbons, as toluene, benzene, xylene, etc.: dis¬ 
tilled from coabtar. N. petroleum, crude naphtha, 
composed of the more volatile part of petroleum 
and collected during distillation. By redistilla¬ 
tion it is separated into benzene, gasolene, and 
refined naphtha. N.ssalicin (ssalicyn), a proprie¬ 
tary disinfecting solution said to contain naph- 
thol, borax, and salicylic acid. Shale=n., naphtha 
from distillation of bituminous shale. N. vitri'oli 
= ether. Wood5n.= methyl alcohol. [L.] 


naph'thal-an. A black, unctuous substance em¬ 
ployed externally as an antiphlogistic and para¬ 
siticide; it is distilled from Armenian naphtha, 
naph'tha-lene, -tha-lin, -ta-lene, -ta-lin. = Naph¬ 
thalenum*. N. dicarboxylic acid = naphthalic 
ACID. [< L. naphthali'num.] 
naph-tha-len'ic acid. = Oxynaphthoquinone. 
naph-tha-le'num*. Naphthalene, the naphtalinum 
of the 1890 U.S.P., a hydrocarbon, C^Hg, obtained 
from coabtar and purified by crystallization. 
It occurs in the form of white, shining'laminae, 
which have a strong, unpleasant coabtar odor 
and are soluble in alcohol but insoluble in water. 
It is an antiseptic and a stimulating expectorant 
and produces excellent effects in verminous af¬ 
fections. Dose, 0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). 
naph-thal'ic acid. A crystalline substance, ^ 12 ^ 8 ^ 4 * 
formed by oxidizing acenaphthene ; alizaric 
acid; naphthalene dicarboxylic acid; phthalic acid, 
naph-thal'i-din. A base produced by the action of 
reducing agents on naphthalene, 
naph-tha-lin'ic cataract. Opacity of the crystalline 
lens in the rabbit from the use of naphthalene, 
naph'tha-lol. =Betol. 

naph-thaz'a-rine. A dye^color, Cj(,H4(0H)202, or 
dioxynaphthoquinone; alizarin black, 
naph-tho-cre'sol. A tarry, brown, antiseptic liquid, 
soluble in alcohol, but not in water, 
naph-tho-for'min. An antiseptic condensation prod¬ 
uct of alphanaphthol or betanaphthol, ammonia, 
and formaldehyde. 

naph-tho'ic acid. A crystalline substance, CjjHgOg. 
naph'thol. = Betanaphthol* ; naphtol. Al¬ 
phanaphthol. N. antipyrine = naphthopyrine. 
N.saristol or sdiiodide, a yellow=green antiseptic 
powder, C4gHgl202; diiodobetanaphthol; iodo- 
naphthol: used like iodoform. N.=bismuth = 
ORPHOL. N.scamphor, an antiseptic mixture 
composed of i part betanaphthol with 2 parts 
camphor: used in tuberculosis. N. carbonate = 
BETANAPHTHOL CARBONATE. N.=carbonic acid = 
CARBONAPHTHOLic ACID. N.scarboxylic acid, a 
white, crystalline substance, CjQHg(0H)C02H: 
used as a parasiticide and antiseptic. N.seuca- 
lyptol, an antiseptic compound of betanaphthol 
and eucalyptol: used in surgery, 
naph'tho-late. A naphthol compound with the hy¬ 
drogen atom of the hydroxyl replaced by a base, 
naph'tho-lism. Chronic poisoning due to external 
application of naphthol: attended with nephritis, 
haematuria, and eclamptic attacks, 
naph'tho-lum, naph'to-lum. = Betanaphthol*. 
naph-tho-py'rine. Naphthol with twice its weight 
of antipyrine: an intestinal antiseptic, 
naph-tho-quin'one. A yellow, crystalline substance, 
C,QHg02, resembling quinone, and formed by oxi¬ 
dizing naphthalene with chromic acid, 
naph-tho-re-sor'cin. Transparent crystals obtained 
from naphthol and resorcin, 
naph-tho-sa'lol. =Betol. 

naph-thox'ol. A proprietary antiseptic, composed 
of hydrogen dioxide, alcohol, and betanaphthol. 
naph'tho-yl. The univalent radical, C14H..O or Cjq- 
H-CO, of naphthoic acid. 

naph'thyl, naph'tyl. The radical, CiqH.^, of naph¬ 
thalene. N. alcohol or phenol = NAPHTHOL. N. 
benzoate = benzonaphthol. N. lactate = lac- 
TOL. N. salicylate = BETOL. 
naph-thyl-am'ine. A white, crystalline substance, 
CjgHgN. N. blue, N. brown, and N. yellow are 
stains used in histology. N. hydrochloride is used 
as a reagent for nitrous acid. N. red = magdala. 


NAPHTHYLUREA 


602 


NARTINIC ACID 


naph-thyl-u-re'a. A brown compound formed in the 
urine after the administration of naphthalene, 
naph-to-cre'sol. = Naphthocresol. 
naph-to-for'min. = Naphthoformin. 
naph'tol. The 1890 U. S. P. name for naphthol. 
na'pi-form. Tumip^shaped: a term applied to one 
of the varieties of cancer, the bunioid of Bayle: 
used in bacteriology of liquefaction. 

Na'ples fever. Typhoid fever. N. yellow, lead anti- 
monate. 

naphta. = Naphtha. 

na'pus. I. = SiNAPis. 2. =Rape {Bras'sica). 
nar'ca. = Narcosis. 

nar'ce-ine. A bitter, inodorous alkaloid, ^ 23 H 29 ^^ 9 > 
obtained from opium, and occurring in white, 
prismatic crystals, soluble in alcohol and boiling 
water. Narceine is of all the alkaloids of opium 
that which possesses the greatest hypnotic power. 
It has no tendency to cause convulsions or con¬ 
stipation. While capable of inducing sleep, reliev¬ 
ing pain and irritation, and checking diarrhoea, it 
is not followed by the unpleasant sensations 
about the head and other disagreeable symptoms 



Narceine Bichromate. (X 40.) (Wormley.) 


which often attend the action of morphine. 
There are also various salts of narceine, as the 
hydrobromide, hydrochloride, meconate, and va¬ 
lerianate. A reddish coloration results when 
narceine is heated with concentrated sulphuric 
acid and a trace of phenol (Arnold’s reaction). 
Dose, 0.02 to 0.05 Gm. to f gr.). N. sodium 
salicylate = antispasmin. 
nar-ce-in'ic acid. A compound, C15HX5NO8 + 3HP, 
formed by oxidizing narceine, 
nar-ce'ma,-sis. = Narcosis. [< pdp/c^^/^a numb.] 
War -cis'sus. A genus of amaryllidaceous plants. 
N. poet'icus, poet’s narcissus. Its bulb is said to 
be emetic and cathartic. N. pseudonarcis'sus, 
the common daffodil, a bulbous plant, cultivated 
for ornament. Its root is emetic and cathartic, 
and its flowers are antispasmodic. From the 
bulb is obtained nar-cis'sine (nar'ci-line) = pseu- 
DONARCISSINE. [< vdpKT] StUpor.] 
nar'co-. Relating to narcosis, stupor, or numbness: 
a combining form. [< vdpKTj numbness.] nar*- 
co-gon-or-rhoe'a, sluggish gonorrhoea.— nar-co- 
hyp'ni a, a sense of numbness on awaking from 
sleep.— nar'co-lep-sy, -lep'si a, a neurotic state, 
related to lethargy, characterized by a sudden 
and irresistible tendency to fall into brief naps. 
It is sometimes seen in epilepsy, and also 


in other diseases, Hypnolepsy ; trypanoso¬ 
miasis. — nar-co'ma, stupor, or the state of 
being under the influence of narcotic medicine, 
fnar-co'ma-tous.—nar-co-ma'ni a. i. Stuporous 
insanity. 2. An insane desire for narcotics, as 
in cocainism, morphinism, etc. 3. Insanity due 
to the use of narcotics, fnar-co-ma'ni ac.— nar- 
co-pep'sis, -pep'si a, slow digestion.— nar-co'sis, 
the progress of narcoma, or the production of 
NARCOTISM, by drugs, as opium, or by poisonous 
products originating in the body, as in uraemia. 

Anesthesia; hypnosis; local anesthesia. 
Medullary n., anaesthesia produced by cocainiza- 
tion of the spinal cord. Scopolamine or hyoscine 
n., narcosis produced by injecting scopolamine 
or hyoscine (identical substances), together with 
morphine, into the spinal canal: a form of 
medullary anaesthesia or narcosis. tii3.r'cose. 
— nar-co-spas'mus, cramp or spasm with an ap¬ 
pearance of stupor.— nar-cot'ic. i. Belonging to 
narcosis; tending to cause stupor. 2. A remedy 
which promotes or artificially imitates the natural 
physiological processes of sleep. The principal 
narcotics are aconite, belladonna, cannabis, 
hyoscyamus, digitalis, hops, morphine, opium, 
chloral, the bromides, stramonium, alcohol, and 
narceine, Hypnotic. N. habit, addiction to 
the use of a narcotic drug. N. paralysis, a variety 
of paralysis of the brachial plexus following long* 
continued narcosis, when at times the arm is ex¬ 
tended sidewise from the body. N. poison, 
POISON. —nar-cot'i-cosac'rid, sir'ri-tant, having 
both narcotic and irritant properties, ts- Poi¬ 
son. — nar'co-tile, a general anaesthetic, methyl- 
ethylene bichloride. It is a colorless, transpar¬ 
ent, and inflammable liquid. [L. j.’03.] — nar'- 
co-tine, an alkaloid, C22H23NO^, from opium; 
opiane. It is tonic, antipyretic, and sudorific. 
Dose, o.i to 0.2 Gm. (i^ to 3 grs.).— nar'co-tism, 
the influence produced by narcotic substances, 
or the totality of effects produced by narcotics. 
Sometimes it is limited to a stupor more or less 
profound, and sometimes it amounts to poisoning, 
with stupor, vertigo,.nausea, intoxication or apo¬ 
plexy, etc. Hypnotism, tniar'co-tize. 
nar'cyl. Ethylnarceine hydrochloride: employed 
as an analgesic. Dose, 0.06 Gm. (i gr.). 
nard. = Spikenard. Celtic n., Valeriana. 
Nardos'tachys. ^ Spikenard. 
nar-e-gam'i a. The root of an East Indian plant, 
Naregam'ia ala'ta, which yields na-reg'a-mine, an 
amorphous alkaloid: used as an emetic, 
na'res*. The plural of naris*. 
nar'gol. A compound of silver oxide (10%) and 
nucleinic acid. It is used in solution in gonor¬ 
rhoea and conjunctivitis, and as an ointment, 
na'rin-fu-so'ri a. Medicines which are put into the 
nostrils. [< L. na'ris nostvW + fun'dere to pour.] 
na-rin'gin, -jin. A yellow, crystalline glucoside, 
C2iH.,gOii+4H2O, from the dried flowers of Cit'- 
rus decunta'na, or shaddock, 
na'ris*, pi. na'res*. The nostril; a cavity of a py¬ 
ramidal form in each side of the nose, one on either 
side of the septum of the nostrils. Anterior na'¬ 
res, the nostrils. Posterior na'res, the posterior 
openings of the nasal fossae. [L.] fna'ri al. na'- 
ri-form. na'rine. 

nar'ry. A Mongolian term for alcoholic gastritis, 
nar-the'cin. A crystalline principle from Narthe'- 
cium ossif'ragum. 

nar-tin'ic acid. An orangescolored acid derived 
from narcotine. 






NASAL 


603 


NASAL 


na'sal. Belonging to the nose; uttered through the 
nose. N. angle, i. The angle formed by the 
inferior borders of the two nasal bones. 2. {Of 
Ranke.) The angle between the horizontal plane 
of the skull and a line through the middle of the 
alveolar border beneath the nasal spine and the 
centre of the nasofrontal suture. 3. {Of Welcker.) 
The angle between the nasobasilar and nasosub- 
nasal lines. N. arch, the arch which is formed 
by the nasal processes of the superior maxilla and 
by the nasal bones. N. artery, i. A branch of the 
infrasorbital artery to the nose. 2. A branch of 
the ophthalmic artery to the lachrymal sac and 
integuments of the nose. 3. A branch of the 
sphenopalatine artery to the turbinated bones, 
the ethmoidal and frontal sinuses, and the lateral 
walls of the nose. N. bone, one of the two small 
bones forming the arch of the nose; os nasale’^. 
N. canal, i. The bony canal containing the nasal 
duct. 2. A canal sometimes found in the nasal 
bone, transmitting the nasal nerves. N. capsule, 
a capsule of cartilage in the embryo which de¬ 
velops into the nasal fossae. N. cartilages, the 
group of five cartilages that form the cartilaginous 
framework of the nose; cartilagines nasi*. They 
consist of two upper lateral {cartilagines nasi 
laterales*), two lower lateral {cartilagines nasi 
majores*) , and the septal cartilage {cartilago septi 
nasi*). There are also a variable number of 
smaller supplemental pieces {carUlagines mino- 
res*). N. catarrh, catarrh of the nasal cavities; 
cold in the head. N. cavity, one of the nasal 



View of Outer Wall of Right Nasal Cavity.— i. 
Frontal bone. 2. Its orbital plate. 3. Its nasal 
spine. 4. Nasal bone. 5. Ethmoid bone. 6. Supra- 
turbinal. 7. Mesoturbinal. 8. Turbinal bone. 9. De¬ 
scending process of the lachrymal bone, within the 
position of which is the nasal duct. 10. Nasal spine of 
the maxilla, ii. Nasopalatine canal. 12. Palate plate 
of the maxilla. 13. Nasal process of the latter. 14. 
Ectopterygoid process. 15. Entopterygoid process. 
16. Nasal plate of the palate bone. 17. Its palate 
plate. 18. Posterior palatine foramen. 19. Superior 
meatus of the nose. 20. Middle meatus. 21. Inferior 
meatus. 22. Frontal sinus. 23. Sphenoidal sinus. 
24. Its communication with the upper back part of the 
nasal cavity. 25. Sphenopalatine foramen. 26. Ori¬ 
fice of the antrum. (Leidy.) 

fossae; cavum nasi*. N. cough, a reflex cough 
caused by irritation of the mucous membrane of 
the nose. N. crest = crista nasalis*. N. crises, 
severe paroxysms of pain associated with sneez¬ 


ing, sometimes met with in locomotor ataxia. 
N. diphtheria, a form of diphtheria in which the 
membrane extends to the nasal passages. It is 
a variety that often remains undiagnosed and 
thus spreads the disease. N. douche, douche. 
N. duct, a short canal from the lachrymal fossa 
to the inferior nasal meatus, where it is partially 
closed by a fold of mucous membrane (Hasner’s 
valve) ; ductus nasolacrimalis*. It conducts the 
tears to the nose. N. eminence, the glabella. N. 
floor, the floor of the nasal fossae. N. foramina, 
small canals perforating the nasal bone; foramina 
nasalia*; especially N. foramen, a foramen near 
the centre of the outer surface of the nasal bone, 
transmitting a small vein. N. fossae, two irregu¬ 
lar, compressed cavities extending back from the 
nose to the pharynx and constituting the internal 
part of the nose. N. furrow, one of Jadblot’s 
lines, passing from the upper margin of the 
ala nasi to the edge of the orbicularis oris in 
a semicircle around the angle of the mouth; De 
Salle’s line. N. ganglion = sphenopalatine 
ganglion. N. gland =Jacobson’s organ. N. 
groove, a longitudinal groove in the inner surface 
of the nasal bone for a branch of the nasal nerve; 
sulcus ethmoidalis*. N. height, the distance from 
nasion to acanthion. N. hemianopia, hemia- 
NOPiA. N. index, the number obtained by divid¬ 
ing the distance from the nasal to the subnasal 
point by the maximum breadth of the anterior ori¬ 
fice of the nose and multiplying the result by 100. 
N. labyrinth, the irregular passages formed by the 
turbinal bones in the nasal cavity. N. line, one 
of Jadelot’s lines or furrows, starting at the ala 
of the nose and surrounding the angle of the 
mouth. This line in children is supposed to in¬ 
dicate abdominal or wasting diseases. N. mea¬ 
tus = MEATUS NASI*. N. membrane, the Schnei¬ 
derian membrane. N. mucus, mucus secreted 
by the mucous membrane lining the interior of 
the nose. N. nerve, a branch of the ophthalmic 
nerve to the mucous membrane of the fore part 
of the nose and to the skin of the tip and wing 
of the nose; nervus nasociliaris*. It gives off a 
branch to the ophthalmic ganglion, also the long 
ciliary nerves and an infratrochlear and an eth¬ 
moidal branch. N. notch, the serrated surface of 
the frontal bone, between the two internal angu¬ 
lar processes, which articulates with the nasal 
and maxillary bones; incisura nasalis*. N. pas¬ 
sages = MEATUS NASI*. N. pits, depressions 
formed in the embryo by upgrowths of ecto¬ 
derm and mesoderm along the median (lateral) 
and superior borders of the olfactory plates. N. 
plate, the thin plate of bone from the under sur¬ 
face of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, help¬ 
ing to form the nasal septum. N. point = na¬ 
sion. N. polypus, a smooth pedunculated tumor, 
chiefly mucous or fibrous, in the nasal passages. 

Polypus. N. process, i. A process ascend¬ 
ing from the upper fore part of the superior 
maxillary bone; processus frontalis*. It articu¬ 
lates with the angular process of the frontal 
bone above, and on its inner border with the 
nasal bone. 2. {Embryol.). A tongue of tissue 
growing downward from the anterior wall of the 
head to the mouth. N. prominence, a projection 
situated between the two superciliary arches 
on the median line of the anterior surface of the 
os frontis. N. reflex, sneezing excited by irrita' 
tion of the Schneiderian membrane. N. region, 
the parts about the nose. N. respiration, respi- 





NASALITY 


NASTIN 


()04 


ration through the nasal passages. N. sector, a 
sector bounded by radii from the punctum alae 
vomeris to the punctum nasofrontale and the 
anterior nasal spine. N. septum, a thin vertical 
partition separating the nasal cavities from each 
other; septum nasi*. It is composed of a carti¬ 
laginous {septum cartilagineum*), a membranous 
{septum memhranaceum*), and a bony {septum 
nasi osseum*) portion, the last being formed 
by the nasal spine of the frontal bone, the nasal 
plate of the ethmoid, and the vomer. N. spine, 
either of three processes about the nasal fossa: 
they are an anterior, the lower sharp edge of the 
nasal crest of the superior maxillary {spina 
nasalis anterior*) ; a 
posterior, a projec¬ 
tion upon the poste¬ 
rior edge of the 
palate plate of the 
palate bone {spina 
nasalis posterior *); 
and a superior, the 
sharp projection 
from the middle of 
the inferior surface 
of the frontal bone 

{spina frontalis*), n^sal Tubes FOR An^ESTHE- 
N. trephine, i^tre- sia in Mouth Operations. 
PHiNE. N. veins, 

veins ramifying through various parts of the 
nose and emptying their contents into the angular 
vein. [< L. nasa'lis, fr. na'sus nose.] 
na-saTi-ty. Nasal quality, as of the voice. 
Nas'a-roff’s phenomenon. The progressively dimin¬ 
ishing difference in the rectal temperature before 
and after repeated cold baths, seen in animals, 
as dogs, especially. [T[ G. ’04.] 
nas'cal. A pessary or medicated pledget of wool 
or cotton for the treatment of uterine disease, 
nas'cent. Beginning to exist; being bom. N. state, 
the state of gases at their liberation from a com¬ 
pound, when they are in an atomic condition, 
na-seth'moid. Of the nasal and ethmoid bones, 
na'sha fever. An endemic disease of India char¬ 
acterized by hyperasmia of nasal mucous mem¬ 
brane and an initial eschar on the skin followed 
by the formation of an ulcer. 
na'si-la-bi-aTis. The levator labii superioris alaeque 
nasi. [< L. na'sus nose-^la'hium lip.] 
na-si-maTar angle. The angle at the root of the 
nose with sides on the margins of the orbits, 
na'si-o-. Relating to the nasion: a combining 
form. [< L. na'sus nose.] na*si-o=al-ve'o-lar, 
relating to the nasion and the alveolar point.— 
na*si-o-breg-matTc, relating to the nasion and 
the bregma.— na’si-osin'i al, sin'i ac, relating to 
the nasion and the inion.— na'si-o-men'tal, re¬ 
lating to the nasion and the mental point, 
na'si on. A craniometrical point on the nasofrontal 
suture at the median line; the middle of the 
nasofrontal suture. [< L. na'sus nose.] 
na-si'tis. Inflammation of the nose; rhinitis. 
Nas'myth’s membrane. A membrane covering the 
enamel of the teeth, which probably represents 
the remains of the atrophied enamel s organ; 
enamehcuticle; cuticula dentis*. 
na'so-. Relating to or having connection with the 
nose: a combining form; rhino-. [< L. na'sus 
nose.] na‘sosal-ve'o-lar line = alveolonasal 
LINE. — na-sosan'tral, relating to the nose and 
the antrum of Highmore.— na*so=an-tri'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the antrum of Highmore and the 


nose.— na-sosau'ral, relating to the nose and ear. 

— na-so-ba'sal angle = nasal angle, def. 3.— 
na-so-bas'i-lar line, the line uniting the basion 
and the nasal point.— na-so-breg-mat'ic arc, the 
arc measured on the skull from the root of the 
nose to the bregma. N. arch, the frontal arch.— 
na-so-buc'cal, relating to the nose and cheek.— 
na’so-buc*co-pha-ryn'ge al, relating to the nose, 
cheek, and pharynx. — na-so-ciTi-a-ry nerve = 
NASAL NERVE. — na*so-eth-moi'dal, relating to 
the nasal and ethmoidal portions of the skull.— 
na-so-fron'tal, belonging or relating to the nasal 
and frontal bones. N. suture, the suture be¬ 
tween the nasal and frontal bones.— na-sosin'i ac 
plane, a plane passing through nasion and inion. 

— na-so-la'bi al, pertaining to the nose and 
the upper lip.— na-so-la-bi-aTis, a muscle con¬ 
necting the orbicularis oris muscle with the sep¬ 
tum of the nose.— na-so-lach'ry-mal, relating to 
nose and lachrymal secretion. N. canal, 

CANALICULI LACHRYMALES. N. duCt = NASAL 
DUCT. — na-so-lamb'doid line, a line between the 
nasofrontal groove and a point one centimetre 
above the lambda; Poirier’s line. — na-so-maTar 
angle= nasimalar angle. — na'so-ma-nom'e-ter, 
a manometer which tests the permeability of the 
nose, by the introduction of liquids into the nos¬ 
tril. — na-so-max'il-la-ry suture, the suture be¬ 
tween the nasal and superior maxillary bones; 
sutura nasomaxillaris *.— na‘so=oc-cip'i-tal arc, 
the arc measured on the skull from the root of 
the nose to the lowest occipital protuberance.— 
na'soso-pis'thi ac plane, the plane passing through 
the nasion and the opisthion.— na*so=o-pis'tho- 
bas'i-lar curve, the vertical circumference of the 
cranium. — na-so-pal'a-tine, pertaining to the 
nose and the palate. N. artery, a branch of the 
sphenopalatine artery to the nasal septum. N. 
canal = INCISIVE canal. N. groove, a groove on 
the lateral surface of the vomer for the nasopal¬ 
atine nerve. N. nerve, a branch from the spheno¬ 
palatine ganglion descending along the nasal sep¬ 
tum to the anterior palatine canal and the mu¬ 
cous membrane behind the incisor teeth; Scarpa’s 
nerve; nervus nasopalatinus [Scarpcs)*. N. plexus, 
a nerve=plexus formed at the incisor foramen by 
branches of the nasopalatine nerve.— na-so-pal'- 
pe-bral, pertaining to the nose and the eyelid. — 
na'so-pha-ryn'ge al, relating to nose and pharynx 
or to the nasopharynx. N. catarrh = nasophar¬ 
yngitis. N. obstruction (growth), chronic en¬ 
largement of the tonsillar tissues so as to inter¬ 
fere with free breathing, Adenoid vegeta¬ 
tion; aprosexia; Luschka’s tonsil; mouth* 
BREATHING — na'so-phar-yn-gi'tis, inflammation 
of the nasopharynx.— na-so-phar'ynx, the nasal 
passages and the pharynx considered as one organ. 

— na-so-ros'tral, relating to the rostrum of the 
nose.— na'so-saep-ti'tis, -sep-ti'tis, inflammation 
of the nasal septum.— na'so-scope = rhinoscope. 

— na*so-sin-u-si'tis, inflammation of the nasal 
accessory sinuses.— na’so-sub-na'sal line, a line 
joining the nasion and the subnasal point. — 
na-so-tur'bi-nal. i. = Unciform process. 2. 
Relating to the nose and turbinal bones. 

nasonnement (na-zdn-moh). A nasal intonation of 
the voice sometimes observed in colds, diseases 
of the palate, etc. [F.] 

nas'rol. =Symphorol. 

nas'tin. A proprietary fatty substance extracted 
from a streptothrix obtained from a leper: used 
in the treatment of leprosy with asserted benefit. 






NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE 


605 


NEBULA 


Nastur'tium officina'le. Waterscress, a cruciferous 
plant, a native of Europe naturalized in the 
United States. It is used as a salad, and when 
grown amid unsanitary surroundings it may be 
the bearer of contagious matter into the body, 
na'sus*. Nose. [L.] N. externus*, external nose, 
na'tal. i. Relating to one’s birth. [< L. nata'lis.]^ 
2. Gluteal. [< L. wa'ies'buttocks.] 

Na-taF boil or sore. A form of endemic ulcer on 
hands, feet, and legs, occurring in South Africa; 
veldt sore; barkoo. ts-O riental sore. 
na-tal'i-ty. The relation of births to the popula¬ 
tion which has furnished them in a year, 
na-tal'o in. A variety of aloin, C25H280ii> found 
in Natal aloes. 

na'tes*. i. The buttocks. 2. The anterior pair of 
corpora quadrigemina; colliculus superior"^. [L.] 
nat'i-ce-pha'li a. The nates=shaped cranium of he¬ 
reditary syphilis. [T| R. ’08.] 
nat'i-form. Buttock=shaped. N. protuberance, the 
nates of the corpora quadrigemina. 

Na'tion-al Formulary. ^Formulary. 
na'tis. Buttock; one lateral half of the rump. [L.] 
na'tive. Produced by nature; occurring uncom¬ 
bined, as metals; of indigenous growth; not ar¬ 
tificial. N. albumins, proteids occurring in a 
natural state in the animal body, 
na'ti-vism. Any one of those psychological theories 
which suppose that ideas and perceptions of 
space, form, etc., are due not to the interpreta¬ 
tion of experience, but to the original structure 
and conformation of the nervous system. [< L. 
nati'vus native.] fj^a-ti-vis'tic. 
na'tri. The shoots and leaves of Sola'num cris'pum, 
guga'num, or tomatil'lo, popularly employed in 
Chile as a cure for measles and scarlatina, 
na'tri um. i. Sodium. 2. Soda, 
na'trix. =Natri. 

na'tro ka'li tartar'icum. = Rochelle salt. 
na'tron, na'trum. i. A native sodium carbonate 
found in Egypt. 2. Soda. 3. Sodium. [< Ar.] 
nat'u-ral. Belonging to nature; produced accord¬ 
ing to the ordinary laws of nature; physical; 
coming in the course of nature, as N. death. 
N. emulsion, an emulsion found, readysformed, 
in nature, as the milky juices of plants, yolk of 
egg, milk of animals, etc. [1 R. ’05.] N. history, 
a term including descriptions of all natural prod¬ 
ucts: at present restricted to zoology and botany. 
N. philosophy = PHYSICS. N. selection, the Dar¬ 
winian doctrine of the “survival of the fittest.” 
It teaches that those races or individuals 
most in harmony with their environment will 
be likely to survive and in time altogether dis¬ 
place those less well equipped, 
nat-u-ra'li a. The parts of generation; the privates 
or privities. [PI. neut. of L. natura'lis natural.] 
na'tur-ism, nat'u-ral-ism. A theory that attrib¬ 
utes everything to nature, as if it were an intel¬ 
ligent, prescient, and sanative power. 

Nau'heim treatment. A treatment for heart dis¬ 
ease by effervescent baths and graded exercises. 

Schott’s method. 
nau-pa'thia. Sea=sickness. 

nau'se a. Originally, sea=sickness; sickness at the 
stomach, often a prodrome of actual vomiting. 
Creatic (kreatic) n., abnormal aversion to animal 
food. N. gravida'rum = MORNING sickness. N. 
mari'na or nava'lis, sea*sickness; mal de mer. 
VoMiTUS. [< vavala, fr. vavq ship.] fnau'se-a- 
ting. nau-se-a'tion. nau'se-ate. 
nau'se-a-bund. Nauseating; producing nausea. 


nau'se-ant. i. Nauseating; producing or inducing 
nausea. 2. An agent which produces nausea, 
such as ipecacuanha, tartar emetic, or warm 
water; nauseous remedy, Emetic. 
nau'se ous. Producing hausea; disgusting. N. rem¬ 
edy = nauseant, def. 2. 

nau-si-o'sis. i. A hemorrhage from the veins in 
which the blood flows in jets. 2. = Nausea. 
nau'ticus mus'culus. “ Nautical muscle,” the tib¬ 
ialis posticus: so called because chiefly exerted 
in climbing as sailors do. 
nau-to-ma'ni a. Homicidal mania in sailors, 
na'vel. = Umbilicus*. N. artery, the umbilical 
artery. Membranous n., the margins of the in¬ 
completely united abdominal plates, around the 
umbilical vesicle, in the foetus. N.=ring, the um¬ 
bilical ring. N.sstring, the umbilical cord, 
na-vic'u-la. =Fourchette. [L. «awc'« 7 a boat.] 
na-vic'u-lar. i. Pertaining to a boat or ship; hav¬ 
ing the shape or appearance of a boat. 2. The 
navicular bone. N. bone = scaphoid bone. N. 
disease, inflammation of the navicular bone in the 
horse. N. fossa, i. The depression between the 
fourchette and the vaginal aperture; fossa navi- 
cularis [vestihuli vaginae]*. 2. The dilatation 
of the urethra situated in the glans penis; fossa 
navicularis urethrae [Morgagnii]*. 3. The de¬ 
pression between the helix and the anthelix. 4. 
A small depression at the base of the internal 
pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone, fiis^'vi-form. 
na-vic'u-lar-thri'tis. Inflammation of the navicu¬ 
lar or scaphoid bone of a horse’s foot, 
na-vic'u-lo-cu'boid. Relating to the navicular and 
cuboid bones, as N. ligaments. 
na-vic'u-lo-cu'ne-i-form. Relating to the navicu¬ 
lar and cuneiform bones, as N. ligaments. 

Nb. The chemical symbol for niobium. 

Nd. The chemical symbol for neodymium. 

Ne. The chemical symbol for neon. 
ne repeta'tur. “ Let it not be repeated”: used on 
prescriptions; abbr. ne rep. [L.] 

Ne-a-pol'i-tan fever. = Mediterranean fever. 
N. ointment = unguentum hydrargyri*. N. 
socks, socks plastered with mercury: worn contin¬ 
uously during treatment of syphilis by inunction, 
near'spoint. The nearest point (about 12 Cm. or 5 
ins.) at which the eye can distinctly perceive 
an extraneous object; punctum proximum. &• 
Scheiner’s experiment. Absolute n.sp., the 
near=point for one eye alone without any effort 
of convergence. Relative n.sp., the near=point 
for both eyes with natural effort of convergence, 
nearssi^t'ed-ness, near'ssight. = Myopia, fnears 
sight'ed. 

ne-ar-thro'sis. An artificial joint, the formation 
taking place in an unnatural situation; a pseud- 
arthrosis. [< veoq n&w -\-apdpov joint.] 
neat’ssfoot oil. A clear yellowish oil obtained by 
boiling the feet of the ox deprived of the hoofs: 
given as a substitute for cod=liver oil. 
neb'u-la, pi. -Icb. i. A cloudy appearance in urine. 
2. A small, cloud='like spot on the cornea of the 
eye. ts- Nubecula. 3. The diffused matter sup¬ 
posed to occupy astronomic space. 4. A very 
thin variety of medicinal tablet. [L., “mist,” 
“cloud.”] t^6b'u-li-za'tion. i. = Atomization. 
2. Treatment by means of spray, neb'u-lized, 
brought to the form of a mist or fine spray, as a 
liquid, neb'u-li-zer, an atomizer; an instrument 
for converting liquids into a mist or fine spray, 
neb-u-los'i-ty, a cloudy appearance, especially of 
the cornea, neb'u-lous, -lose, as N. urine. 


NEGATOR AMERICANUS 


60 H 


NEELSEN’S SOLUTION 


Neca'tor america'nus. An American hookworm 
supposed to have been introduced from Africa by 
the negro slaves ; Uncina'ria america'na. [T[ A.’oS.] 
ne-ces'si-ty, triangle of. Triangle. 
neck. I. The part betwe'en the head and the 
thorax; cervix; collum. Nape. Derby¬ 
shire n. = GOITRE. Madelung’s n., diffused cer¬ 
vical lipoma. Nithsdale n. = goitre. N. pres¬ 
entation, presentation of the neck of the foetus 
in labor. N.ssweetbread, the thymus of the calf. 
Wry=n. = TORTICOLLIS. 2. The narrow part of a 
bone or other part: as, the anatomical and surgi¬ 
cal necks of the humerus, the neck of the femur, 
rib, scapula, etc. fs- Collum. N.sbend, second 
cerebral flexus. It occurs at the junction of 
the hind*brain and cord, making the floors of 
the foresbrain and hind^brain lie parallel. N.s 
berg, the popular name for the neckslike con¬ 
striction in the thymus gland of animals, 
Heartsberg. [If G. ’07.] Cephalic n., a narrow, 
necksshaped region, in the brain, between the 
thalami and the quadrigeminum; isthmus pros- 
encephali. N. of tooth, the constricted portion 
of a tooth where the crown and the root meet; 
collum dentis*. N. of uterus == cervix uteri. 
ne-crae'mi a. Death of the blood, 
ne-crec'to-my. Excision of necrosed tissue, espe¬ 
cially of necrosed bone in otitis media, 
nec-ren-ceph'a-lus. Softening of the brain, 
nec'ro-. Relating to death or a dead body: a com¬ 
bining form. [< vsKpog dead, a dead body.] 
ne-cro-bac-il-lo'sis, disease of sheep, due to the.Ba= 
cillus necrophorus, and attended by inflammation, 
tumefaction, ulceration, and necrosis with scab 
formation; lip=andsleg ulceration; necrotic der¬ 
matitis.— necTO-bi-o'sis. i. The spontaneous 
wearing out of the cells of living parts. 2. ^ 
Necrosis. fnecTo-bi-ot'ic. — nec-ro-co'mi um, a 
deadshouse; a morgue.— nec*ro-cy-to'sis, loss of 
vitality, decay, or death of cells. fi^cCTO-cy-to- 
tox'in, a toxin producing necrocytosis.— necTO- 
der-mi'tis, gangrenous inflammation of the skin. 

Helcodermatosis. — nec-ro-gen'ic, produced 
by dead bodies.— ne-crol'o-gy, a treatise on the 
dead body; also a record of death, its causes, and 
the particulars presented on post=mortem exami¬ 
nation. fne-crol'o-gist.— ne-cro-ma'ni a = nec¬ 
rophilia. — ne-crom'e-ter, an instrument for 
measuring and weighing the organs of a dead 
body in an autopsy.— nec*ro-mi-me'sis, the belief 
on the part of an insane patient that he is dead.— 
necTo-nar-ce'ma = rigor mortis. — nec-ro-nec'- 
to-my = NECRECTOMY. — nc-cro'ni um, a sub¬ 
stance found in dead bodies during the process of 
saponification.— ne-crop'a-thy, a tendency of the 
body to gangrene.— ne-croph'a-gous, feeding or 
subsisting on dead bodies; carrionseating: applied 
to animals, as certain beetles.— nec-ro-phil'i a, 
ne-croph'i-ly, ne-croph'i-lism. i. Insane desire 
for sexual connection with a corpse; necromania. 
1^ Sadism. 2. Morbid desire for death, 
ro-phile. — ne-croph'i-lous, subsisting on dead 
matter, as certain fungi.— nec-ro-pho'bi a. i. 
An exaggerated or preternatural fear of death, a 
symptom occurring in certain diseases. 2. An 
excessive and morbid fear or horror of the pres¬ 
ence of a dead body.— necTO-pneu-mo'ni a, gan¬ 
grene of the lung.— necTop-sy, ne-cros'co-py, ne- 
crop'si a, nec-ro-sco'pi a, the examination of a 
dead body; post=mortem examination; autopsy. 

Autopsy; post*mortem. fi^ec-ro-scop'ic.— 
jiec'rose, to be or to become necrotic. — nec'ro- 


se-mi-ot'ic, serving as a sign that death has taken 
place.— ne-cro'sis, see entry in vocabulary place 
at end of this list.— necTO-so-zo'ic, a term ap¬ 
plied to fluids which are injected into a dead body 
for the purpose of preserving it, as in embalming. 
— nec-ro-sper'mi a, impotence characterized by 
the loss of motility in the spermatozoa, Azoo¬ 
spermia. — necTos-te-o'sis, nec-ros'te on, necro¬ 
sis of bone.— nec-ro-to'ci on, a stillborn child.— 
ne-crot'o-my. i. Dissection of a dead body. 2. 
The removal, by surgical means, of necrosed bone; 
sequestrotomy. fnec-ro-tom'ic. 
ne-cro'sis. i. Death of a bone or cartilage in part 
or whole occurring in mass: analogous to slough¬ 
ing of the soft parts. Caries. 2. Local 
death of any mass of tissue resulting from ex¬ 
ternal injury to the part or from interference 
with its nutrition; mortification. Necrosis is 
called direct when the process occurs quickly, and 
indirect, or necrobiosis, when certain degener¬ 
ative changes, as fatty degeneration in tuber¬ 
culosis, precede the death. In each instance the 
cells can no longer be repaired, though they are in 
the midst of living cells, Gangrene ; mummifi¬ 
cation. For specially named varieties of ne¬ 
crosis, see AnvEmic, Balser’s fatty. Caseous 
(— caseation). Central, Cheesy (= caseation), 
CoAGULATivE, ColUquative ( = liquefactive), 
Dental (= N. dentium), Dry, Embolic, Endo- 
GLOBULAR, Fat, Hyaline, Liquefactive, Ma- 
ragliano's (= endoglobular). Moist, Phos¬ 
phorus, Superficial, Syphilitic, Total. N. 
cerea'lis = ergotism. N. den'tium, caries of the 
teeth; odontonecrosis. N. infan'tilis = cancrum 
ORIS. N. of teeth = N. dentium. N. ustilagi'- 
nea, dry gangrene due to ergotism. [< vsKpovv 
to deaden.] tiiC“Crot'ic. 

Nectan'dra. A genus of lauraceous trees, as N. rod- 
ice'i (bebeeru bark) which resembles cinchona in 
its virtues, though much inferior, at least in anti- 
periodic power. From it are obtained the alka¬ 
loids bebeerine and nec-tan'drine. The bark of 
N. cymba'rum furnishes a balsamic oil, and the 
seeds of N. pichury^ma'jor and N. pichury^mi'nor 
are employed in dysentery and diarrhoea, 
nec-ta're-ous. Palatable. [< vsKTap nectar.] 
nec-tri'a-nin. An extractive remedy for cancer ob¬ 
tained from the fungus Nec'tria ditis'sima, which 
. grows upon old trees. 

ne-cu'si a. Poisoning by a dissection wound. [ < 
VEKvg corpse.] nec'u-sin, the supposed poisonous 
principle of dissection wounds, 
nee'dle. A sharp, slender instrument used by the 
surgeon in puncturing, and in inserting stitches. 
According to shape needles are curved, spiral, 
straight, etc. Special varieties are Acupuncture, 
Aneurismal, Aspirating, Cataract, Des- 
CHAMPs’s, Dipping, Discission (= cataract). 
Electrolytic, Exploring, Hagedorn’s, Hypo¬ 
dermic, Knife, Ligature (= aneurismal). Open* 
EYED, Paracentesis, Stop=, and Suture. N.s 
bearer, a handle into which a needle may be fixed, 
so as to direct it better. N. culture = puncture 
CULTURE. N. forceps, a forceps for holding 
needles in suturing. N.shandle (sholder) = N.* 

BEARER. N. operation^ NEEDLING, 
need'ling. Discission, or tearing with the needle’s 
point (as in the treatment of cataract) ; punctu- 
ration with the needle; needle operation. 
Neel'sen’s solution. A solution for staining tubercle 
bacilli: fuchsin, i Gm.; absolute alcohol, 10 Cc. 
5% aqueous solution of carbolic acid, 100 Cc. 


NEFRENS 


607 


NEMATODA 


ne'frens. Having no teeth; edentate. The pi. 
nefren'des means either children who have not 
yet cut their teeth or aged persons who have 
lost them. [< L. not -{-fren'dere to gnash the 
teeth.] 

Nef'tel’s disease. =Atremia, def. 2. 
ne-ga'tion, delirium of. Delirium. 
neg'a-tive. Denying, expressing negation, and so 
opposed to affirmative. Also privative, implying 
the absence of something, and then opposed to 
positive. N. accommodation, accommodation. 
N. angle=QuATREFAGEs’s ANGLE. N. bloodspress- 
ure, bloodspressure less than zero, as shown by 
the manometer, in the large veins near the heart. 
N. chemotaxis, CHEMOTAXis. N. convergence, 
divergence of the visual axes. N. electricity, 
static electricity generated by rubbing sealing* 
wax with flannel: resinous electricity. N. elec¬ 
trode, the electrode connected with the negative 
pole of a battery. N. element, the collecting plate 
of a battery. N. history, the absence of any fact 
or condition in a person’s past history of health 
which would have a bearing upon the present dis¬ 
ease. N. meniscus, meniscus, def. 2. N. ocu¬ 
lar, an ocular in which the real image formed by 
the objective lies between the two lenses of the 
ocular. N. phase (stage), opsonic index. N. 
pole, the electrode or other termination of the 
conductor attached to the positive element of a 
galvanic apparatus. N. pressure, a pressure less 
than nothing, resulting in suction. N. scotoma, 
scotoma. N. variation of the muscle=current, 
IS-MUSCLEsCURRENT. [< L. nega're to deny or 
refuse.] 

neg'a-tiv-ism. An irrational resistance to external 
influences, a 
condition of 
mind seen es¬ 
pecially in the 
insane. 

neg-a-tiv'i-ty. 

The state of a 
body wh ich 
manifests neg¬ 
ative electrical 
phenomena. 

Ne'gri bodies. 

Certain pecu¬ 
liar round or 
oval parasitic 
bodies found 
in the nervous 
system of those 
deadof rabies. 
is-Babes’s ra- 

BIC TUBERCLE. 

[t A. Negri, 

Ztsch. f. Hyg. 
u. Infections- 
kr. ’03.] 
ne'gro. One of 

the races of mankind; characterized by black skin, 
protruding lips, woolly hair, and flattened nose. 
N. cachexia = chthonophagia. N. foot, a long 
heel, broad forefoot, and great tendency to flat* 
foot. N. lethargy = TRYPANOSOMIASIS. N. oedema 
= BERIBERI. N.svine, the plant Gonol'ohus hirsu'- 
tus, common throughout a large part of North 
America: purgative, narcotic, and poisonous. [L. 
ni'ger black.] 

ne'gus. A kind of port*wine punch, sometimes 
prepared with a little laudanum. 





Negri Bodies. —Five of these bod¬ 
ies are seen on the left, with one 
(a) in a ganglionic cell of the lum¬ 
bar cord of a rabbit dead from 
rabies. 


Neisse'ria. A genus of schizomycetes consisting 
of diplococci of a peculiar biscuit shape. N. 
al'bicans = DiPLococcus albicans amplus. N. 
babe'si, a species found in cattle affected 
with epidemic haemoglobinuria. N. cit'rea, a non* 
pathogenic species, a yellow species. N. eding- 
to'ni, a non*pathogenic species found in scarla¬ 
tina. N. fla'va liquefa'ciens tar'da, a species 
found on the skin in seborrhoea. N. franklan- 
dio'rum = BACILLUS CANDicANs. N. gonorrhce'ae 
= GONOCOCCUS. N. lac'tea, a non*pathogenic 
species found in the sputum and in vaginal 
secretions. N. miche'li, a species found in the folli¬ 
cles in trachoma: it produces typical trachoma. 
N. petechia'lis, a species found in the blood and 
eruptions of typhus fever. N. rebeFlis, a species 
found in follicular trachoma. N. ro'sea = diplo- 
coccus ROSEUS. N. subfla'va, a species resem¬ 
bling N. gonorrhce'ce, found in the lochia, in 
vaginal secretions, and in the healthy urethra. 
N. tardis'sima, a non*pathogenic species found in 
pus from the urethra. N. weichselbau'mi = 
DIPLOCOCCUS INTRACELLULARIS MENINGITIDIS. N. 
winckle'ri, a species found in persons suffering 
from beriberi. [ < Albert Neisser, a German phy¬ 
sician, 1855- .] 

neis-se'rian infection. =Gonorrhcea. 
neis-se-ro'sis. Gonococcus infection. 

Neis'ser’s gonococcus. = Gonococcus. N.’s oil, an 
oil used by injection in syphilis, consisting of 20 
parts of mercury, 5 parts of ethereal tincture of 
benzoin, and 40 parts of liquid vaseline, 
nek'ro-. =Necro-. 

N61aton’s catheter (ne-la-tdhz). A catheter of soft 
rubber. N.’s dislocation, dislocation of the ankle 
in which the astragalus is forced up between the 
end of the tibia and 
the fibula. N.’s fi¬ 
bres, the circular 
muscle*fibres of the 
rectum. N.’s fold, a 
mucous membrane 
fold, running trans¬ 
versely, about 10 
Cm. (4 ins.) above 
the anus, across the 
rectum. N.’shsema- 
tocele, a haematoma 
of the fallopian tube. 

N.’s line, a line be¬ 
tween the anterior 
superior spine of the 
ilium and the tuberosity of the ischium. N.’s 
probe, H probe tipped with a ball of soft porcelain: 
used to discover bullets in wounds. N.’s sphinc¬ 
ter, a circular muscular band sometimes seen in 
the rectum on a level with the prostate. [Auguste 
NHaton, a French surgeon, 1807-1873.] 
nel'a-van. = Trypanosomiasis. 
nem*a-ta-chom'e-ter. A device for determining the 
velocity of peripheral nervesimpulses. 
nem-a-tel'minth, -thel'minth, -thel-min'tha. A nem¬ 
atode worm. [< pr///n thread -I- worm.] 
nem'a-to-blast. i. A spermatoblast. 2. A sper- 
matospore. [< thread-|-/^Aaordf bud.] 

Nemato'da. A class of Entozo'a, or helminths, 
characterized by an elongated body, often fili¬ 
form, without a central apparatus for circulation. 
It comprises many genera of parasites found in 
man and the lower animals, as Anchylos'toma, 
As'caris, Fila'ria, Oxyu'ris, Stron'gylus, Trichi'na, 
and Trichoceph'alus. [< vf/pa thread-\-eldo^ form.] 







NEMATODE 


608 


NEPHRESIA 


nem'a-tode, -a-toid. i. Filamentous; resembling 
a thread: applied to helminths, or worms. 2. 
Any member of the class Nemato'da. 3. The 
filaments formed by a serial arrangement of 
protoplasmic granules. 

nem'a-to-gen. i. A nematode worm in one of its 
earlier or larval stages. 2. Any filamentous 
schizomycete; a filamentous micro=organism. 

nem-o-me'na. Perforating ulcers. 

Nen'cki’s test for indol. A red coloration upon 
treatment with nitric acid containing nitrous acid: 
in concentrated solution often a red precipitate. 

ne'o-. New: a combining form. [< veo^- new.] 
ne-o=ar-syc'o-dil, -syc'o-dyl. Sodium methylar- 
senite; arrhenal: employed in tuberculosis, in 
doses of 0.02 to o.i Gm. to grs.) for five days 
and then omitted for five days.— ne’o=ar-thro'sis 
= NEARTHROSIS.—ne'o-blast = PARABLAST.— nc- 
o-blas'tic. I. Giving origin to new tissue or to 
tissue of a new kind. 2. = Neoplastic. — ne-o- 
der'min, a local analgesic cicatrizant containing 
difluordiphenyl and fluorpseudocumol. — ne-o- 
dym'ium, ts- element. — ne-o-fePrum, a malto- 
peptonate of iron, manganese, and arsenic. 

— ne-o-fi'brin, newly formed fibrin. — ne*o-for- 
ma'tion, a new growth or formation.— ne-o-ga'la. 
I. = Colostrum. 2. Fresh milk. R. ’05.] — 
ne-o-gen'e-sis, regeneration or reproduction of 
tissues, Anagennesis. fne'o-ge-net'ic, ne-o- 
gen'ic, as N. zone, the subcapsular layer of the 
kidney, so named because the most active 
processes occur there.— ne-o-hy'men = neomem¬ 
brane.— ne-o-lep'ra = pellagra.— ne-ol'o-gism, 
the uttering of meaningless words by the insane: 
considered a variety of paranoia, ne-o-mem'- 
brane, a false or neoplastic membrane.— ne'o- 
morph, a structure or an organ independently 
developed, and neither normal nor inherited. 
-— ne'on, a gaseous element recently found 
in the atmosphere, which contains one volume 
to 80,000 of the air: the best conducting of the 
gases and one which is readily made luminous by 
electromagnetic waves. At. wt. 19.9; sym. Ne. 

— ne-o-na'tal, pertaining to the new-born.— ne- 
o-na'tus, gen. pi. neonato'rum, one newly born.— 
ne-op'a-thy. i. A new disease. 2. A new morbid 
complication arising in a patient.— ne-oph'i-lism, 
abnormal craving for novelty.— ne-o-pho'bi a, 
morbid dread of change or of new surroundings. 

— ne-o-phre'ni a, mental derangement occurring 
in early youth.— ne-o-pla'si a, the formation of 
new tissue or a new growth.— ne'o-plasm, ne-o- 
plas'ma, see entry at end of this list.— ne'o-plas- 
ty, the operative formation of new parts; plastic 
restoration of lost parts by new tissue; autoplasty. 

— ne-o-sac'cha-rin = saccharin. — ne-o'sin, ne- 
os'sin, the insoluble chief component of edible 
birds’ nests.— ne-o-si'ode, iodinecatechin: used 
like potassium iodide.— ne'o-sote, an antiseptic 
coabtar product.— ne-os'to-my, the production 
of an artificial opening.— ne-o-ter'ic. i. Novel; 
recent. 2. An advocate of novelties; an enthu¬ 
siast in the support of new and unproved methods. 

— ne‘o-toc-er-y-sip'e-las, erysipelas of infants.— 
ne‘o-toc-ic'te-rus, ^jaundice in new=bom infants. 

Jaundice.— ne-ot'o-co-ca-coph-thaFmi a, ma¬ 
lignant ophthalmia appearing in a new-born 
infant.— ne-ot*o-co-ga-lac-to-ze'mi a, presence of 
milk in the breast of a newsborn infant.— nem- 
toc-oph-thal'mi a, ophthalmia in a new=born 
infant.— ne-o-vi'ta-lisin,the present»day doctrine 
of vitalism. [1 /. M . ’05.] 


ne'o-plasm, ne-o-plas'ma. Any new and morbid 
formation, usually in the form of circumscribed 
tumors; a structure differing histologically from 
its matrix; new growth, Heteroplasia ; tu¬ 
mor. Histoid n., a neoplasm whose structure 
nearly resembles the tissues of which it is com¬ 
posed. Inflammatory fungoid n., mycosis fun- 
goides. Organoid n., a neoplasm whose structure 
resembles some organ of the body. Pathologi¬ 
cal n., abnormal formations of epithelial tissue 
with or without participation of the vascular 
and connectivestissue system. [< veoc new + 
TcAaojia formation.] fne-o-plas'tic, as N. ossifica¬ 
tion, transformation of cartilage into bone. 
Ne-pal' tumor. A pendulous tumor appearing on 
the external surface of the concha of one or both 
ears. It grows to a diameter of three or four 
inches and then shrivels. It is endemic in the 
valleys of Nepal, 
nep'a-line. = Pseudaconitine. 
ne-pen'the. i. A medicine mentioned by ancient 
writers as having power to banish sorrow: sup¬ 
posed to have been opium. 2, A proprietary 
opiate. < vij negative -I- nevdog grief.] 

Nep'eta cata'ria. es^Cataria. 

neph-a-blep'si a. Incorrect form of niphablepsia. 
neph'a-lism. Total abstinence from alcoholic liq¬ 
uor. [< vi](paA.iojiog sobriety.] fn^pli'a-list. 
neph-a-lo'pi a. Dim or clouded vision, 
ne-phe'li um. A spot on the cornea; a nubecula; 
a nebula, es- Leucoma. [Dim. of vept/.r/ cloud.] 
fne-phe'lic. 

Nephe'lium. A genus of sapindaceous trees. N. 
lappa'ceum, a Malayan and Chinese species, from 
the seeds of which triarachin is obtained, 
neph'e-loid. Cloudy: applied to urine, 
neph-e-lom'e-ter. An instrument for estimating the 
number of bacteria suspended in fluids: used in 
calculating the opsonic index and for vaccines, 
neph-e-lo'pi a. Dimness of vision' 'due to lack of 
transparency of the eye^media. 
neph'ra-. Relating to the kidney ; nephro-: a com¬ 
bining form. [< vecppog kidney.] neph*rad-e- 
no'ma, adenoma of the kidney.— ne-phrae'mi a 
= NEPHROH.EMiA.—neph*raem-or-rha'gi a, hemor¬ 
rhage of the kidney.— ne-phral'gi a, ne-phral'gy, 
pain in the kidney; renal colic. t^e-phral'gic, 
as N. crisis, paroxysmal attacks of pain along 
the ureter, occurring in tabes dorsalis.— neph- 
ra-nu'ri a, renal anuria, or non=secretion of urine. 
— neph-ra-pos'ta-sis, renal abscess, or suppura¬ 
tive inflammation of the kidney.— neph'ra-prag- 
mo'ni a, inactive state of the kidneys. — ne- 
phrarc'ti a, a contracted state of the kidney.— 
neph-ra-to'ni a, ne-phrat'o-ny, renal atony or 
paralysis of the kidneys.— ne-phraux'e, enlarge¬ 
ment of the kidney. 

neph-rec-ta'si a. A dilated state of the kidney, 
ne-phrec'to-my. Surgical excision of the kidney, as 
the result of neoplasm, tuberculosis, floating kid¬ 
ney, etc. When the incision is made through 
the abdominal wall it is termed abdominal or an¬ 
terior n.; when through the loin, lumbar or pos¬ 
terior n.; and when through the side along the 
false rib, paraperitoneal n. 
ne-phrel'cos, -cus. An ulcer of the kidney. [< 
vefpdg kidney-l-eA/tOf ulcer.] tii®ph-rel-co'sis. 
neph-rel-min'tic. Relating or due to the presence 
of worms in the kidney. 

neph-rem-phrax'is. Obstruction of vessels of the 
kidney. 

ne-phre'sia. Renal disease, f^e-phret'ic. 


NEPHRIA 


609 


NEPHRO- 


neph'ri a. Bright’s disease, oi granulated kidney, 
neph'ric. = Nephritic. 

ne-phrid'i um, ne-phrid'i on, pi. nephrid'ia. i. = 
Wolffian TUBULES. (^Suprarenal body. 2. 
In biology, the fat around the kidneys, fne- 
phrid'i al, as N. ridge, the larger of the two ridges 
formed on the dorsal aspect of the coelom of the 
embryo, containing the nephridia; wolffian ridge, 
neph'rin, ne-phri'na. =Cystin. 
neph'rism. Severe suffering from kidney disease, 
ne-phrit'ic. Of or pertaining to nephritis; nephric. 
neph-rit'i-des, neph-rit'ids. The abnormal condi¬ 
tion of the skin due to kidney disease, 
neph'ri-tin. A proprietary extract of kidneys, 
ne-phri'tis. Inflammation of the kidneys, which 
when acute involves chiefly the renal paren¬ 
chyma, and when chronic, either the parenchy¬ 
ma or the connective tissue or both. Great con¬ 
fusion exists in the terminology of this affection. 
Acute n., the first stage of Bright’s disease; 
acute Bright’s disease; acute desquamative n.; 
acute diffuse n.; acute parenchymatous n.; acute 
tubal n.; acute albuminuria; epithelial n. It 
commences suddenly with an acute, pungent, 
exacerbating pain, a burning heat, and a sensa¬ 
tion of heaviness at the level of one or both 
kidneys, from which it extends to the bladder, 
the groin, and the testicle, and is attended by 
fever, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. There 
are diffuse cloudy swelling and fatty degener¬ 
ation of the renal epithelium, especially of the 
cortex, and of the deepest of the round cells in 
the interstitial spaces, as well as vascular changes. 
The urine is scanty, at times bloody, or clear and 
limpid, and contains albumin and hyaline casts. 
The disease is usually due to the action of cold, 
or to the elimination of some poisonous sub¬ 
stance, as potassium chlorate or a toxin as in 
diphtheria, scarlet fever, etc. ts- Albuminuria ; 
AMYLOID degeneration; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; 
hydronephrosis; pyelonephritis. Acute des¬ 
quamative, Acute diffuse, Acute parenchyma¬ 
tous, and Acute tubal n., synonyms for acute n. 
N. albumino'sa (albuminen'sis) or Albuminous n., 
Bright’s disease of the kidney, under which term 
have been confounded several distinct renal dis¬ 
eases, all agreeing, however, in the important 
symptom of albuminous urine. Amyloid n., waxy 
degeneration of the kidney which may accompany 
any variety of nephritis. Ascending n., suppu¬ 
rative n. due to the presence of septic or bacte¬ 
rial organisms that have travelled up from the 
bladder. Bacterial n., nephritis due to invasion 
of the kidney by micro-organisms. Capsular n., 
nephritis affecting Bowman’s capsules especially. 

Decapsulation. N. caseo'sa or Cheesy n., 
caseous degeneration or infiltration of the kid¬ 
neys. Catarrhal n., nephritis marked by active 
congestion of the tubular canals. Cholera n., 
acute nephritis occurring during an attack of 
cholera. Chronic n. i . Chronic parenchymatous 
n.; chronic desquamative n.; chronic diffuse n.; 
chronic tubal n.; the large white kidney: the 
second stage of Bright’s disease. It is marked 
clinically by albuminuria with hyaline casts and 
anasarca. It more often accompanies long con¬ 
tinued suppuration, malaria, etc., than follows 
the acute variety, the kidney contracting and 
being known as the small white kidney. 2. 
Chronic interstitial n.; contracted n. or kidney; 
granular kidney: cirrhosis of the kidney; renal 
sclerosis; gouty kidney: the third stage of Bright’s 

39 


disease. Here the connective tissue around the 
tubules is affected, there being a round-celled in¬ 
filtration and pressure atrophy of the epithelial 
cells. The kidney is small and hard, containing 
cysts of varying sizes, ts- Arteriocapillary 
FIBROSIS. Albuminuria is intermittent, and there 
may be no casts, but when present they are apt 
to be of granular type. OEdema and ascites may 
or may not be present. Death often takes place 
from uraemia or by apoplexy. Polyuria, nephritic 
retinitis, and hypertrophy of the left ventricle 
of the heart, often accompanied by arterioscle¬ 
rotic changes elsewhere in the body, are found. 
The gouty kidney and N. saturni'na due to lead 
poisoning belong to this type. Chronic desqua¬ 
mative, Chronic diffuse, and Chronic tubal n., 
synonyms for chronic n., def. 2. Clostridial n., 
CLOSTRIDIAL. Consecutive n. = pyelitis. 
Croupous n., a variety of acute n. Desquama¬ 
tive n. is characterized by the shedding of the 
epithelium of the secreting tubes, either entire or 
in broken particles. Their debris blocks up the 
tubes, and, when washed into the urine, forms 
what have been termed the “ tube-casts.” This 
process may be either acute or chronic. Diffuse 
n., N. ACUTE and chronic. Epithelial n., 
acute n. Fibrous n., chronic n., def. 2. Glo¬ 
merular n. = GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Glomerulo- 
capsular n., a form affecting chiefly the glomer¬ 
uli and Bowman’s capsules. N. gravidarum, a 
variety of acute nephritis seen during pregnancy, 
with a morbid tendency to uraemia. Hemor¬ 
rhagic n., acute n. marked by the presence of 
blood in the urine. Idiopathic n., n. of uncertain 
origin. Interstitial n., chronic n., def. 2. Lan- 
cereaux’s n., chronic n., def. 2, due to rheu¬ 
matism. Mercurial n., nephritis due to mercu¬ 
rial poisoning. Nonsdesquamative n. (according 
to Johnson), a form in which the cells are not 
shed, but become atrophied, whilst the tubules 
are blocked up by a simple albuminous deposit, 
which forms what he terms the small hyaline 
casts. Parenchymatous n., acute and chronic 
NEPHRITIS. N. saturni'na, i^N., chronic, def. 2. 
N. scarlatino'sa or Scarlatinal n., a form of acute 
n., due to the virus of scarlet fever. Suppurative 
n. exists in circumscribed and diffuse forms and 
may be due to abscess of the kidney, pyelitis, 
calculi, surgical operations (surgical kidney), 
bacterial invasion (t^ N., ascending), etc. Tu¬ 
bercular and cheesy n. may also be considered 
variations of this form. Syphilitic n., n. due to 
syphilitic infection. Traumatic n., n. due to in¬ 
jury. Tubal (tubular) n., a variety of acute or 
chronic n. in which the epithelial cells of the 
collecting tubules are especially affected. Tuber¬ 
cular (tuberculous) n., chronic n., def. 2, due 
to the tubercle bacillus. Typhoid n., n. due to 
typhoid infection. N. uratica, chronic n., def. 2 
(gouty kidney), due to the deposition of urates, 
neph'ro-. Pertaining or relating to the kidney; 
NEPHRA-: a combining form. [< VE(j)p6g kidney.] 
neph‘rosab-dom'i-nal, relating to the kidneys and 
the abdomen.— neph'rosa-or'tic gangUon, the re¬ 
nal ganglion.— neph’ro-cap-sec'to-my, surgical 
excision of the renal capsule.— neph'ro-cele, her¬ 
nia of the kidney. tiQcph-ro-ce'lic. — neph*ro- 
chal-a-zo'sis, -coc-co'sis, granular disease of the 
kidney. Nephritis. — neph-ro-col'i-ca, renal 

colic.— neph-ro-co'lo-pex-y, suspension of the kid¬ 
ney and colon by means of the nephrocolic liga¬ 
ment.— neph*ro-cyst-a-nas-to-mo'sis, the opera- 


NEPHRO- 


610 


NERVATION 


live formation of a passage between the kidney 
and the urinary bladder.— nephTO-cys-ti'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the kidneys and bladder.— neph*- 
ro-cys-to'sis, formation of the cysts in the kidney. 

— neph*ro-dys-neu'ri a = nephralgia. —neph*ros 
er-y-sip'e-las, a complication of acute nephritis 
and erysipelas.— neph’ro-fix-a'tion, fixation of a 
kidney to the posterior abdominal wall; nephro¬ 
pexy.— neph-ro-gas'tric, pertaining to the kidney 
and the stomach. — neph-ro-gen'ic, ne-phrog'e- 
nous, arising in the kidney or due to some condition 
of the kidney. N. albuminuria, albuminuria due to 
kidney disease. N. peptonuria, peptonuria. 

— ne-phrog'ra-phy, a descriptive account of the 

kidneys.— neph-ro-hae'mia, congestion of the 
kidney; nephraemia. — neph*ro-hy-per'tro-phy, 
hypertrophy of the kidney.— neph'roid, resem¬ 
bling a kidney; kidney=shaped, as N. cancer .— 
neph’rosin-tes'ti-nal fistula, a communication be¬ 
tween the kidney and the intestine, from the 
bursting of a renal abscess into the intestine.— 
neph'ro-lith, a calculus formed out of the normal 
or abnormal ingredients of the urine; renal cal¬ 
culus: found in the tissues and pelvis of the kid¬ 
neys, the process of their formation being termed 
neph*ro-li-thi'a-sis. — nephTO- 

li-thot'o-my, the surgical operation for the re¬ 
moval of a renal calculus. — ne-phrol'o-gy, the 
science of the kidneys. — neph- 

ro-lum'bar ganglion, a ganglion situated at the 
junction of the branches of the lumbar and sper¬ 
matic nerves, giving off renal and lumbar 
branches. — ne-phrol'y-sin, a cytolysin which 
destroys kidney^cells: it is in the serum with¬ 
drawn from animals in which kidney substance 
from another animal has been implanted intra- 
peritoneally. ts- Nephrotoxin. — ne-phrol'y-sis. 
I. The process occurring in the action of a 
nephrolysin. 2. The operative separation of an 
inflamed kidney from its paranephritic adhesions, 
tneph-ro-lyt'ic. — neph‘ro-ma-la'ci a, softening 
of the kidney. — neph-ro-meg'a-ly, enlargement 
of the kidney.— neph'ro-mere, that part of an 
embryonic metamere which is related to the prim¬ 
itive kidney.— neph’ro-mi-o'sis, decrease in size 
of the kidney; renal atrophy. — ne-phron'cus, 
swelling of the kidney.— neph’ro-neu-ro'sis, a 
term for any functional renal disturbance of ner¬ 
vous origin.— neph'ro-pa-raTy-sis, paralysis of the 
kidney.— ne-phrop'a-thy, disease of kidneys.— 
neph'ro-pex-y, neph-ro-pex'i a, operative fixation 
of a floating kidney. — neph*ro-phleg-ma'si a, in¬ 
flammation of the kidney; nephritis. f^eph- 
ro-phleg-mat'ic; neph-ro-phleg'mo-nous.—neph*- 
ro-pho-net'o-scope, a phonendoscope for testing 
the kidneys, as for renal calculi.— ne-phroph'thi- 
sis, renal tuberculosis with caseous degeneration; 
nephrotuberculosis. — neph-ro-ple'gi a, paralysis 
of the kidney.— neph-rop-to'sis, -to'sia, falling 
down of the kidney; movable or floating kidney. 

— neph'ro-py-e-li'tis, purulent inflammation of 
the parenchyma of the kidney and the lining 
membrane of its pelvis; pyelonephritis.— neph*- 
ro-py-o'sis, suppuration of the kidney; pyo¬ 
nephrosis. fneph-ro-py'ic. — neph-ror-rha'gi a, 
hemorrhage from the kidneys. — ne-phror'rha- 
phy, the suturing of a floating kidney to the ab¬ 
dominal wall.— neph'ros, the kidney.— neph-ro- 
scle-ro'sis, sclerosis of the kidney.— neph-ro'sis, 
any kidney disease.— neph-ro-spa'sis, a movable 
kidney hanging by a pedicle, due to extreme 
weakening of the natural supports of the organ. 


[If A.M. ’03.] — neph-ro-spas'tic, denoting spasm 
of the kidney. — neph'ro-steg-no'sis, contraction 
and induration of the kidney.— neph-ros'to-ma, 
pi. -sto'mata, neph'ro-stome, in the primitive kid¬ 
ney any one of the funnebshaped and ciliated 
orifices connected with the wolffian tubules.— 
neph-ros'to-my, the formation of an artificial 
fistula leading to the pelvis of the kidney.— neph'- 
ro-tome. i. One of the embryonic tissue*seg- 
ments identified with the formation of the seg¬ 
mented excretory apparatus of the embryo, or 
WOLFFIAN BODY. SoMiTE. 2. A knife for 

cutting kidneys.— ne-phrot'o-my, surgical inci¬ 
sion of the kidney for the search and subsequent 
removal of calculus, pus, etc. It is termed ab¬ 
dominal when made through an incision in the 
abdomen and lumbar when made through the 
loin. Nephrectomy. — neph-ro-tox'in, a sub¬ 

stance destroying kidney^cells, produced in the 
blood of an animal*. Nephrolysin. [*[f L. 
ij. ’02.] — neph-ro-tre'sis, -tri-e'sis, the establish¬ 
ment of a permanent opening in the kidney for 
the discharge of urine by an incision into it or its 
pelvis and the suturing of the kidney wound to the 
edges of the external incision.— neph*ro-tu-ber- 
cu-lo'sis = NEPHROPHTHISIS. — ncph-ro-ty'phoid, 
typhoid fever combined with acute nephritis.— 
neph-ro-ty'phus, typhus fever combined with 
renal hemorrhage. — neph*rosu-re-te-rec'to-my, 
simultaneous excision of a kidney and ureter.— 
nephTOsu-re’te-ro-cys-tec'to-my, excision of a 
kidney, ureter, and part of the wall of the 
bladder. [^J.A.M.A. j. ’05.] — neph-ro-zy'- 
mase, -zy'mose, a compound ferment found in 
urine, Diastase. — neph-ro-zy-mo'sis , the 
condition predisposing to or caused by zymotic 
disease of the kidney. 

neph'rus. The kidney. [< ve<pp 6 g kidney.] 
neph'ry-drops, neph-ry-dro'sis, neph-y-dro'sis. = 
Hydronephrosis. Subcapsular n., a large accu¬ 
mulation of urine between the kidney and its 
capsule. [< kidney 4-idwp water.] fneph- 

ry-drot'ic; neph-y-drot'ic. 

Nep'tune’s girdle. The abdominal bandage used in 
the wet pack. 

N6rac’s pian (ne-r^cs). = Pi an of N^rac. 
ner'ci-bus. A nervine composed of glycerophos¬ 
phates, iron, strychnine, etc. 

Ne'rium. A genus of apocynaceous trees and 
shrubs, originally natives of India. N. odo'rum, 
a species of India and China. N. elean'der, an 
evergreen shrub common in Southern Europe; 
oleander; rose laurel. Its bark, leaves, and 
flowers are poisonous. It has been used like 
digitalis in heart disease. Dose of bark, 0.06 to 
0.2 Gm. (i to 3 grs.). From it are obtained 
ne-ri-an'thin, a glucoside similar to but weaker 
than oleandrine ; ne'ri in or ne-ri-o-do're in, a 
poisonous glucoside from the leaves, apparently 
identical with digitalin and used as a heart stim¬ 
ulant and tonic; and ne-re-od'or-ine or olean¬ 
drine. [< v^piov oleander, fr. vrjpdg humid.] 
Nernst lamp. An electric lamp consisting of a rod 
of zirconium oxide, not decomposed by heat nor 
requiring a surrounding vacuum, heated by an 
auxiliary circuit to render it a conductor. It 
has been used in phototherapy, 
ner'o-li, ne'rol. An essential oil obtained by dis¬ 
tilling orange-blossoms. 

ner'val. Neural; relating to a nerve or nerves, 
ner-van'in. An erroneous spelling of nirvanin. 
ner-va'tion. Nerve arrangement; innervation. 


NERVAURA 


611 


NERVE 


ner-vau'ra. A nervous aura; a hypothetical ema - 
nation from the body, having relations with the 
nervous system. 

nerve. A long medullary cord connected with the 
brain or spinal marrow and forming the channel 
or instrument by which sensation, volition, or 
vital influence is conveyed from the periphery 
to the central nervous system (afferent n.) or 
from the central nervous system to the periphery 
(efferent n.). Nerves are composed of two 
varieties of nervous tissue, the gray (i^ nerve* 
cell) and the white (tar nervesfibre), and a 
sustentacular substance, the neuroglia. Every 
nervesfibre is directly connected with and pre¬ 
sided over by a nerve*cell, a prolongation of 
whose body it really is. t^ Nervous; nervus; 
NEURO-. According to function the principal va¬ 
rieties of nerves are Depressor, Inhibitory, 
Motor, Pressor, Secretory, Sensory, Tri- 
sPLANCHNic, Trophic, Vasoconstrictive, Vaso¬ 
dilator, Vasomotor, Vasosensory. In this 
dictionary individual nerves are for the most 
part entered under the adjectival title, as hy¬ 
poglossal nerve under 
HYPOGLOSSAL. N.sEU- 
ra= NERVAURA. N.s 
avulsion, separation of 
a nerve from its cen¬ 
tral origin by means 
of traction. N.saxis = 

AXIS*CYLINDER. N. Of 
Bock= PTERYGOPALA¬ 
TINE NERVE. N.sbris- 
tle (abroach), an in¬ 
strument for extract¬ 
ing a nerve from a 
tooth. N.sbulb = 

ENDsBULB. N.sbulbs, 
terminal = Krause’s 
CORPUSCLES. N.sca- 
nal, the pulp^cavity of 
a tooth. N.scapping, 
a cap placed over a 
tooth to protect and 
preserve an exposed 
surface. N.scavity, the 
central cavity of a 
tooth occupied by a 
nerve. N.aceU, any 
cell of the nervous 
system, especially a 
ganglion*celT, one of the essential or special cells 
of the nervous centres. ^Neuron. A nerve* 
cell consists of a mass of protoplasm composed 
of a delicate network (the spongioplasm), an 
intermediate substance (the hyaloplasm), and 
aggregations of chromatophilic granules known as 
Nissl’s bodies or tigroid substance, and contains 
a spherical nucleus. It gives off an axis*cylinder 
(axon, neuraxon, Deiters’s process, or neurite) and 
several branching processes, called protoplasmic 
processes (dendrites, dendrons, or poles of the ceils). 
Depending upon the number of their processes 
nervescells are known as unipolar, bipolar, and 
multipolar. There are two principal types of 
nerve*cells: (i) those characterized by an axis* 
cylinder process which is actually continuous with 
the axis*cylinder of a nervesfibre, and (2) those in 
which the axisscylinder process does not pass 
into the white matter, but, remaining in the gray 
substance, finally undergoes division and pro¬ 
duces a mass of delicate fibrillae or neuropodia. 


In either case delicate collateral branches are usu- 
ally given off from the axis*cylinder process. 
Nerve*cells are found especially in the gray 
matter of the brain and spinal cord, while 
NERVEsFiBRES are contained in the white sub¬ 
stance and make up the nerves themselves. 
N.scement = neuroglia. N.scentre. i. Any 
nerve*ganglion, large or small, from the brain 
itself down. 2. Any group of ganglion*cells 
which act together in the performance of a special 
function: such groups for the most part lie in 
the cerebrospinal axis. N.scord, a cord of ner¬ 
vous tissue; a nerve. N.scorpuscle. i. = N.» 
CELL. 2. Irregularly scattered ovoid nuclei be¬ 
tween the neurilemma and the medullary sheath 
in medullated nervesfibres. N.scurrent, the pro¬ 
pulsion of an impulse resulting from stimulation 
along a nerve. N.sdrill, an instrument used by 
dentists for drilling or enlarging a pulp*cavity. 
N.seminence = N.shill. N.sendings, endsbud ; 
end*plate; Krause’s corpuscles; pacinian 
corpuscles; tactile corpuscles. N.sexcavator 
= N.sdrill. N.sfat = protagon. N.=fibre, any 
one of the fibres or nervous cords which consti¬ 
tute the conducting paths of stimulations. Nerve* 
fibres are distinguished as medullated (myelinic) 
and non^medullated (amyelinic). A typical med¬ 
ullated nervesfibre consists of a central core 
(axisscylinder), composed of threads of very fine 
filaments (axissfibrillce) embedded in a semifluid 
substance (neuroplasm) and surrounded by a deli¬ 
cate structureless sheath (axolemma, existence 
questioned). Surrounding this is a white fatty 
substance (myelin, medullary sheath, or white 
substance of Schwann) which in turn is enclosed 
in a tubular sheath {neurilemma or sheath of 
Schwann). Ranvier’s nodes. The non* 

medullated fibres consist of a bundle of fibrillae 
enclosed in a sheath without any intervening 
myelin and are found chiefly in the sympathetic 
system. The distinction between the two types 
is relative rather than absolute, as every medul¬ 
lated nerve*fibre becomes non*medullated before 
reaching its termination. N.sfibre process=Axis* 
CYLINDER PROCESS. N.sfibril or sfibrilla, one of 
the delicate threads that compose the axis*cylin- 
der of a nerve. N.sforamina, foramina and canals 
in the skull giving passage to nerves. N.sgland 
= SUPRARENAL BODY. N.sgrafting, the opera¬ 
tion of inserting a piece of nerve in place of a 
portion that has been removed. N.shead = 
OPTIC DISK. N.shill or shillock = end*plate. 
N.sloop, a looped connection between nerves. 
N.smimicry=NEUROMiMEsis. N.sneedle, a dental 
instrument for destroying the nerve in a tooth. 
N.snucleus, a nucleus of the nervous system which 
connects with the roots of a cranial nerve. N.s 
obtundent, a medicine to deaden the nerve of a 
tooth. N.spaste, an arsenical paste for killing the 
nerve of a tooth. N.spath, the course along 
which a nerve*impulse travels. N.splate, a layer 
of nervous tissue which may develop into a nerve* 
tube or a nerve. N.splexus, the grouping or in¬ 
termingling of two or more nerves and their 
branches. N.spowder, powdered cypripedium. 
N.sprocess = Axis*CYLiNDER. N.sring, the ring 
of nerve*fibres surrounding a hair*follicle just 
below the opening of the sebaceous glands. N.s 
root. I. The fibres which arise from the brain 
or spinal cord to form the cranial and the spinal 
nerves. 2. = Cypripedium. N.ssection, surgical 
division of a nerve for the relief of neuralgia. 



Nerve-cell from the Cer¬ 
ebral Cortex, exhibit¬ 
ing the striations of 
THE protoplasm AND THE 
conspicuous CHARACTER 
OF THE NUCLEUS AND THE 
NUCLEOLUS.— p. Pigment 
granules, a. Axis cylinder 
process, b, 1. Apical and 
lateral protoplasmic proc¬ 
esses. (Piersol.) 


NERVI 


612 


NERVUS 


N.sstorm, a sudden paroxysm, or succession ot 
paroxysms, of marked nervous disturbance. N.s 
stretching, the surgical operation of cutting down 
upon a nerve and stretching the exposed part. 
It is practised for the relief of various neuroses. 
Nerve*stretching of the sciatic nerve may also be 
performed by extreme and forcible flexion of the 
limb (subcutaneous n.^s.). N.ssuture, the opera¬ 
tion of bringing together the ends of a divided 
nerve by stitches of fine silk or catgut. N.stire 
= NEURASTHENIA. N.strack = N.sPATH. N.strec, 
a nervescell with its entire system of branching 
fibres: so named from its resemblance to an 
uprooted tree. N.strunk, a cord=like bundle of 
fibres composing the peripheral nervous system, 
distributed to various parts of the body. They 
comprise largely what are popularly spoken of 
as nerves. N.strunk sedative, a nervous sedative 
which acts on the nerve=trunks: the nerve^trunk 
sedatives are aconite, cocaine, curare, antipyrine, 
conium, and cannabis indica. N.stube, the hol¬ 
low cylinder of embryonic nervous tissue formed 
by the closure of the primitive medullary groove: 
the medullary canal. N.stuft, a minute plexus 
of nervesfibres. N.stumor, a neuroma. N.stunic, 
an investiture of nervous tissue. N.stwig, a mi¬ 
nute branch of a nerve. N.sunit = neuron. 
ner'vi. The Latin plural of wer't;M5. Nerve. 
ner'vi-duct. An opening in a bone through which 
a nerve passes. 

ner-vi-mo'tion. Motion excited in nerves by ex¬ 
ternal stimuli and reflected in muscular motion. 
tner*vi-mo-til'i-ty. ner-vi-mo'tor. 
ner'vine. i. Belonging to the nerves; acting favor¬ 
ably upon the nerves. 2. A medicine which acts 
primarily on the nervous system; a remedy for 
nervous affections. 3. Nerve*substance, especially 
the gray substance of the brains of sheep used 
as a therapeutic preparation. 4. A proprietary 
remedy for rheumatism, gout, and neuralgia, 
ner'vi-tone. A proprietary mixture of nux vomica, 
asafoetida, sumbul, and phosphorus, 
ner-vo-ci'din. A yellow hygroscopic alkaloid from 
the East Indian plant gasusbasu: a 2V ro% 
solution produces in warm=blooded animals 
marked local anaesthesia of the cornea lasting 
several hours; also used in dentistry, 
ner'vol. A preparation of sodium^vanadium citro- 
chloride and lithium bromide: used as a sedative, 
ner-vo-path'ic. = Neuropathic. 
ner-vo-san'guine. Relating to a temperament both 
nervous and sanguine. 

ner'vo-sin. A proprietary remedy for hysteria and 
neurasthenia, said to consist of reduced iron, val¬ 
erian, orangespeel, angelica, and licorice extract. 
Dose, 0.25 to 0.5 Gm. (4 to 8 grs.), in a pill, 
ner'vo-sism, ner-vo-sis'mus. i. The theory that all 
diseasesphenomena are caused by variations in 
nerve*force. 2. Nervousness; neurasthenia, 
ner-vos'i-ty. Nervousness; the quality or state of 
being nervous; instability of the nerves, 
ner-vo-ta'bes. =Neurotabes. 
ner'vous. Belonging to or connected with nerves; 
strong; vigorous; weak and irritable; neural. 
A person is said to be nervous who seems to pre¬ 
sent a special susceptibility to pain or excitability 
or who exhibits an undue mobility of the nervous 
system. N. apoplexy == functional apoplexy. 
N. asthenopia, asthenopia. N. attack, an 
attack of nervousness. N. axis, the cerebro¬ 
spinal cord or axis; the neural axis. N. bladder, 
a condition of the bladder in nervous patients 


marked by a frequent desire to urinate and by 
inability to complete the act, so that there is 
dribbling at its close. N. canal, the tube formed 
by the development and approximation of the 
embryonic medullary folds; the medullary canal. 
N. centre = NERVE*CENTRE. N. coat, the inner 
coat of the eye; the retina. N. conductivity, the 
• capacity of a nerve to convey an impulse. N. 
deafness, deafness due to disease of the auditory 
nerve or its centre. N. debility = neurasthenia. 
N. diarrhma, diarrhoea produced by fright, emo¬ 
tion, or other central nervous influence; lien- 
TERY. N. disease, any disease involving or affect¬ 
ing the nervous system. N. dyspepsia = dyspep¬ 
sia NERVOSA. N. eructation, eructation depend¬ 
ing on mental excitement, often paroxysmal 
and commonest in hysterical women, neurasthe¬ 
nics, and children. Aerophagy. O. ’06.] 
N. exhaustion = NEURASTHENIA. N. fever, a va¬ 
riety of typhus fever accompanied by nervous 
symptoms. N. fluid, a fluid formerly supposed to 
circulate through the nerves and to be the medi¬ 
um by which sensation or motor impulse is trans¬ 
mitted from one portion of rhe nervous system 
to another. N. gland, i. = Coccygeal gland. 
2.= Suprarenal body. N.headache = migraine. 
N. impulse, the impulse sent along a stimulated 
nerve. N. irritability, morbid excitability of the 
nervous system. N.layer of Henle= entoretina. 
N. leprosy = LEPRA an^sthetica. N. lesion, a 
lesion of any part of the nervous system. N. 
matter = NEURiN, def. i. N. pregnancy = hys¬ 
terical PREGNANCY. N. prostration = neuras¬ 
thenia. N. quinsy, globus hystericus. N. respira¬ 
tion = CEREBRAL RESPIRATION. N. sedatives, 
medicines which have a sedative effect on the ner¬ 
vous system, including the cerebral, spinal, and 
nerveHrunk sedatives. N. shock, a functional dis¬ 
turbance of the central nervous system due to 
fright or any violent emotion. N. stimulant, 
STIMULANT. N. system, a collective term compre¬ 
hending all the nerves of the body, and compris¬ 
ing the Central n. system, the brain and spinal cord, 
the Peripheral n. system, the nerve=fibres and gan¬ 
glia derived from the central system, and the Sym¬ 
pathetic n. system, the sympathetic ganglia and 
their nerves, which supply the muscles of the vas¬ 
cular system and the various viscera and glands, 
as the lachrymal and parotid. N. temperament, 
(S- TEMPERAMENT. N. tinnitUS, TINNITUS. N. 
transfusion, transfusion. N. tumor = neu¬ 
roma. N. valgus, valgus. N. vomiting, vom¬ 
iting due to some stimulation of the vomiting 
centre. [< L. nervo'sus, fr. ner'vus nerve.] 
ner'vous-ness. Undue or morbid nervous or psy¬ 
chical irritability. 

ner'vu-lar. Relating to or situated near a nerve, 
ner'vule, ner'vu-lus. A minute nervous fibre, 
ner'vus, pi. ner'vi. The Latin term for nerve. N. 
clu'nium infe'rior, cutaneous branches of the small 
sciatic nerve supplying the gluteal region. N. 
clu'nium me'dius, cutaneous branches of the ex¬ 
ternal branches of the first three sacral nerves. 
N. clu'nium supe'rior, cutaneous branches of the 
external branches of the first three lumbar nerves. 
N. commu'nicans perone'i = communicans pero- 
NEi. Ner'vi erigen'tes, nerves concerned with 
erection, as those distributed to the prostate, 
bladder, urethra, genital organs, etc. N. im'- 
par = FiLUM TERMiNALE. Ncr'vi nervo'rum, 
nervous filaments distributed upon the nerve* 
sheaths. N. puden'dus* = pudic nerve. N. 


NESBIPS SPECIFIC 


613 


NEURALGIA 



va'gus* = PNEUMOGASTRic NERVE. Ner'vi vaso'- 
rum, the nerves which supply the bloochvessels. 
Nes'bit’s specific. A solution of the oils of santol, 
copaiba, cubeb, pimenta, and cassia. 

Ness'ler’s reagent (solution). Mercuric iodide dis¬ 
solved in an aqueous solution of caustic 
potash and potassium 
iodide. It is a test 
for free ammonia, giv¬ 
ing a yellowishsbrown 
precipitate, fness'- 
ler-ize. 

nest. The place in which 
the eggs of any ani¬ 
mal, as a bird or an 
insect, are laid and 
hatched; an abode, as 
of a bird, insect, etc.; 
a collection of contain¬ 
ers fitting one within 
another, especially 
when of graded sizes, 

as of beakers, Brunn’s epithelial n. ; can- 

CERsN.; CELLsN.; NIT. 

nes-te-os'to-my. The surgical formation of a per¬ 
manent opening through the abdominal wall into 
the jejunum. [< vfjGTig fasting + ard/za mouth.] 
nes-ti-a'tri a, nes-ti-ther'a-py, nes-to-ther'a-py. 

Fasting cure; starvation cure; hunger cure. 
nes'tis. Fasting; (obs.) the jejunum. [< vf/criq.^ 
net'sknot. i. Nucleoli of cells which seem to be 
merely thicker portions of the chromatic network; 
karyosome. 2. =Neurosome. 
net-ra-neu-rys'ma. A spindlesshaped or fusiform 
aneurism. 

net'tle. =Urtica. N. fever or rash = urticaria. 
Net'tle-ship’s dots. Numerous very small, white 
spots situated between the macula and periphery 
of the retina: associated with hemeralopia and 
pigmentary changes and often occurring in several 
members of the same family, 
net'work. i. A structure having open spaces like 
the meshes of a net; rete*; reticulum. 2. = 
Mitoma. Gerlach’s nervesn. ; Gesvelst’s 
N. ; PERITARSAL N. ; PuRKINJE’s N. ; SUBPAPIL- 
LARY N. N. of terminal bars, a network found on 
the free surface of many epithelia. N. of testicle 

= RETE TESTIS [HaLLERI]*. 

neu. = Neurilemma. 

Neubauer and Fischer’s reaction. = Glycyltryp- 

TOPHAN TEST. 

Neu'bau-er’s artery. The deep thyroid artery. N.’s 
ganglion, the large ganglion formed by the junction 
of the lower cervical and first thoracic ganglia. 
Neuber’s method (noi'berz). A treatment of tuber¬ 
culosis of joints and bones in which all tuberculous 
foci and fragments are excised and a 10% emul¬ 
sion of iodoform and glycerin is placed in the 
wound. The incision is closed with buried 
sutures and without drainage. N.’s tube, a 
drainage-tube made of decalcified bone. 
Neumann’s corpuscles or hsematoblasts (noi'm^nz). 
Colored blood-corpuscles with a nucleus, found 
in the blood when the process of formation of 
blood is active. N.’s crystals = Charcot-Neu- 

MANN CRYSTALS. N.’S disease = PEMPHIGUS VEG¬ 
ETANS. N.’s membrane or sheath = dentinal 
SHEATH. N.’s phenylhydrazin test for glucose in 
urine consists in boiling down the urine in a 
special test-tube with a solution of sodium acetate 
in acetic acid of 50 to 75% strength or in glacial 
acetic acid, to which 2 or 3 drops of pure phenyl¬ 


hydrazin are added. The whole is cooled rapidly 
in running water, boiled one minute more, and 
cooled again. Phenylglucosazone crystals appear 
when glucose is present. N.’s sign, nystagmus 
toward the diseased side in cerebellar otitis 
abscess. 

neu-mat'o-spasm. Nodding spasm. 

neu'rad. Toward the neural axis. t^H.,EMAD. 

neu‘ra-dy-na'mi a. = Neurasthenia. fneuTa- 
dy-nam'ic. 

neu-rae'mi a. A purely functional nervous disease. 

neu-rag'mi a. The breaking or bruising of a nerve, 
especially, the neurag'mic method, which is the 
separation of a nerve from its ganglion for the 
purpose of observing the changes which will 
follow. [< vevpov nerve -t- aypog breaking.] 

neu'ral. Belonging to nerves; neuric. N. arch, the 
arch formed by the spinous process, laminas, and 
pedicles of a vertebra. N. axis, the cerebrospinal 
axis. N. canal = MEDULLARY canal. N. crest, 
a longitudinal ridge of epiblast running along each 
side of the medullary groove. N. foramen, the 
vertebral foramen. N. furrow or groove = med¬ 
ullary GROOVE. N. lamina, the lateral part of 
the neural arch of a vertebra. N. paralysis, par¬ 
alysis having its origin in the nerves. N. plate 
= MEDULLARY PLATE. N. retinitis, retinitis due 
to nervous affection. N. ridge = neural crest. 
N. spine, the spinous process of a vertebra. N. 
tube = MEDULLARY CANAL. 

neu-raFgi a. Pain in a nerve; desmalgia; desma- 
talgia: a generic name for several diseases, or a 
symptom of many morbid conditions, which occur 
in a cerebral, spinal, or visceral nerve. It is char¬ 
acterized by acute pain, which occurs in parox¬ 
ysms repeated at intervals varying from a few 
seconds to a day. Tenderness is often felt at the 
points (Valleix’s points) where the cutaneous 
branches of the nerve separate from the deeper 
parts. Among the predisposing causes are anae¬ 
mia, sexual excesses, pregnancy, and menor¬ 
rhagia. The most frequent exciting causes are 
cold, especially damp cold, injury to the nerve 
by violence or by the encroachment of morbid 
growths, syphilis, gout, and the presence of lead 
or mercury in the system, Arthralgia ; coc- 
cyodynia; hyperzesthesia; ischialgia; mas- 
todynia; metatarsalgia; neuritis; prosopal¬ 
gia. According to origin or course neuralgia 
is Acute, Ancemic, Atypic, Chronic, Diabetic, 
Dyscrasic, Gouty, Hysterical, Malarial, Parces- 
thetic INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION), Post- 

zoster,-^ Reflex, Rheumatic, Syphilitic, Toxic (as 
Alcoholic, Mercurial, Saturnine, etc.), or Typical. 
According to anatomical location neuralgia is 
known as Abdominal, Brachial, Cervicobrachial, 
Cervico=occipital, Crural, Facial, Gastric, Hepaiic, 
Hypogastric, Intercostal (sometimes associated 
with herpes zoster). Lumbar, Lumbo^^abdominal. 
Metatarsal or Plantar (= Morton’s foot). Phren¬ 
ic, Sciatic, Supra^orbital. Trifacial or Trigeminal 
(= TIC douloureux), Visceral. Degenerative 
n., neuralgia marked by degeneration of the cen¬ 
tral nervous system, especially when due to old 
age. Idiopathic n., neuralgia unaccompanied by 
change of structure. Morton’s n.= Morton’s 
FOOT. Red n. = ERYTHROMELALGiA. Stump n., 
neuralgia at the seat of an amputation. Symp¬ 
tomatic n., neuralgia accompanied by sliglit 
change of structure. [ < vevpov nerve -|- d/i) or 
pain.] fneu-ral'gic, as N. tumor, one in which 
neuralgic pains occur, neu-ral'gi-form. 




































NEURALIST 


NEURITIS 


614 


fteu^ra-list. = Neuropath. 

neu-ra-moe'ba. A nervescell regarded as an active 
amoebic element. [< vevpov nerve + Amceba.] 
neuTam-ce-bim'e-ter. An instrument for measur¬ 
ing the reaction=time from the application of a 
stimulus to a nerve. 

neuTan-a-gen'ne-ma. A renewed portion of a 
nerve. [< vevpov nerve -f avayevvdv to regenerate.] 
neu*ran-a-gen-ne'sis. Regeneration of nerves. 
neu*ran-a-naph'y-sis. = Neuranagennesis. 
neuTan-gi-o'sis. Any vascular neurosis, 
neu-ra-poph'y-sis, pi. neurapoph'yses. In compara¬ 
tive anatomy, the lateral segments forming the 
sides of the superior arch of the vertebra, which 
encloses the axis or trunk of the nervous system, 
and whose base is the body of the vertebra. 
tneu*rap-o-phys'i al. 

neu'rar-chy. The control exerted over the body 
by the cerebrospinal system, 
neu-rar-te'ri a. The intimate a.ssociation of minute 
nerves with minute arteries distributed over the 
whole body. [< vevpov nerve+dpTrfpia artery.] 
neu-ras-the'ni a or (-theni'a). An exhausted con¬ 
dition with functional derangement of the nerv¬ 
ous system, either spinal or cerebral, due usually 
to overwork or other excessive expenditure of 
energy. Among the principal symptoms nervous 
debility; neuradynamia; nervous prostration; 
Beard’s disease; an undue tendency to fatigue, 
disinclination to activity, impaired memory, 
pain in the back and at the top of the head, 
gastrosintestinal symptoms, etc., as well as amen- 
orrhoea and dysmenorrhoea, in women, and sper¬ 
matorrhoea and impotence, in men. i^Cerebras- 
thenia; myelasthenia. Specially named varie¬ 
ties are Acoustic, Angioparalytic {Angiopath- 
ic). Cerebral, Optic, Pulsating (= angiopara¬ 
lytic), Sexual, Traumatic. N. cor'dis, neuras¬ 
thenia with predominating heart symptoms. IT. 
gas'trica, debility of the nerves of the stomach 
resulting in impaired digestion. N. gra'vis, a 
severe form of neurasthenia in which great 
exhaustion follows upon slight exertion. N. 
querulato'ria, neurasthenia from hope or fear 
of litigation over an industrial accident. Neu¬ 
rolog. Cblatt. ’09.] [< vevpov nerve -f acOeveLa de¬ 
bility. % Beard, Boston Med. and Surg. Jr. Apr. 
30, 1869.] fneu-ras-then'ic. neu-ras-then'ope. 
neu-ra-tax'i a, neu'ra-tax-y . i. Ataxia of cerebro¬ 
spinal origin. 2. = Neurasthenia. 
neu-ra'tion. Nervation; the supply and distribu¬ 
tion of nerves. 

neu-ra-tro'phi a, neu-rat'ro-phy. Impairment of 
the nutrition of nerves, fflcu-ra-troph'ic. 
neu-rax-hae'mi a. Cerebrospinal congestion, 
neu-rax'is. i. The cerebrospinal axis. 2. The axis^ 
cylinder process of a nerve, Dendrite. [< 
vevpov nerveaxis.] f^eu-rax'i al. 
neu-rax'on. An axisscylinder of a nerve=cell. 
neure. A nerve*cell and its appendages; a neuron. 
neu-rec'ta-sis, -rec'ta-sy. = Nervesstretching. 
neu'rec-tome. An instrument for excising a portion 
of a nerve. 

neu-rec-to'mi a, neu-rec'to-my. The excision of a 
nerve or a part of a nerve, Neurotomy. 
tneu-rec-tom'ic. 

neu-rec-to'pi a, neu-rec'to-py. Abnormal situation 
or displacement of a nerve. 
neuTem-po-dis'mus, neu-rem'po-dism. Obstruction 
of nervesaction. 

neu-ren'er-gen. An energy=giving substance which 
the neurons are supposed to absorb. 


neu-ren-ter^ic. Pertaining to the medullary canal 
and intestinal tube of the embryo. N. canal, a 
canal leading from the posterior portion of the 
medullary tube to the archenteron of the embryo; 
Kowalewsky’s canal. 

neuTex-ai-re'sis. Treatment of neuralgia by the 
extraction of nerves. ^ Evulsion of the 
NERVES. [< vevpov nevve + e^atpeiv to take out.] 
neu'ri a. Fine nervous tissue or membrane, as the 
retina. [< vevpov nerve.] 
neu-ri'a-sis. A combination of hysteria and hypo¬ 
chondriasis. 

neu-ri-a'tri a, neu-ri'a-try. The treatment of nerve 
diseases. (^Psychiatry. 
neu'ric. = Neural, fneu-ric'i-ty, neuric quality' 
nervous functions or force, 
neu'ri-dine, neu'ri-din. A ptomaine, CjHj^Nj, ex¬ 
isting in fresh and decaying animal matter, and 
of a most repulsive odor: isolated it is not poison¬ 
ous, but associated with other putrefaction prod¬ 
ucts it contributes to their toxic effects, 
neu-ri-lem'ma. i. The membranous sheath encas¬ 
ing each individual nerve*fibre. 2. =Epineu- 
RiUM. [< vevpov nerve -f "keppa bark of plants.] 
tneuTi-lem-mat'ic. 

neu'ri-lem-mi'tis, neu’ri-lem-ma-ti'tis. Inflamma¬ 
tion of the neurilemma. 

neu-ril'i-ty. A special mode of activity inherent in 
the anatomical elements and tissues of the central 
and peripheral nervous system; the power pos¬ 
sessed by nervesfibre of exciting contraction in a 
muscle, secretion in a gland, and sensation in the 
ganglionic centres and elsewhere, 
neu-ril'la. A proprietary remedy, said to contain 
Scutellaria: used as a nervestonic. 
neuTi-mo-til'i-ty. Motility controlled by the ner¬ 
vous system. ^ Nervimotion. 
neu'rin, neu'rine. i. The principal albuminous 
matter of which nerves are composed: one of 
the most important substances or tissues entering 
into the composition of organic bodies. 2. An 
exceedingly poisonous ptomaine, CgHjjNO, ob¬ 
tainable from putrid brain=tissue and from decay¬ 
ing muscles. It is derived from lecithin and its 
action is that of muscarine. It is strongly alka¬ 
line. Atropine is its physiological antidote. 3. 
An extract of nervestissue used as a therapeutic 
agent. [< veDpov nerve.] 

neu'ri-or-rhab'di-um. Any one of the rod*like 
bodies of the retina. 

neu'rism. i. The hypothesis that all the phenom¬ 
ena of the living body are due to the action of a 
nervous fluid. 2. Nervousness, fneu'rist. 
neu'rit, neu'rite. The axis^cylinder process of a 
NERVEsCELL. [< vevpov nerve.] 
neu-ri'tis. Inflammation of a nerve; neurophleg¬ 
mon; neurophlogosis. Among the many vari¬ 
eties of neuritis are Adventitial (= perineu¬ 
ritis), Alcoholic (= N. alcoholica). Arsenical, 
Ascending, Atheromatous, Axial ( = N. axia- 
Lis), Degeneration, Descending, Diabetic, 
Diphtheritic, Eichhorst’s (= N. fascians), 
Endemic (=N. endemica). Facial (= facial 
paralysis). Interstitial, Leprous, Leyden's or 
LiPOMATOus, Malarial, Malarial multiple. 
Migratory (=N. migrans). Multiple, Optic, 
Parenchymatous, Peripheral, Postfebrile, 
Postglobular or postocular. Pressure, Prolif¬ 
erative, Radicular (=N. radicularis). Retro¬ 
bulbar or retro>ocular (= POSTOCULAR N.), RHEU¬ 
MATIC, Saturnine, Sciatic, Segmental, Senile 
(=N. senilis). Sympathetic, Tabetic, Tox- 


NEURO- 


615 


NEURO- 


(Fmtc ( = N. tox^mica), Toxic (=N, toxica), 
Traumatic, Tuberculous. N. alcohol'ica, a 
form of multiple neuritis due to alcoholism, be¬ 
ginning usually with pains in the legs and devel¬ 
oping, sooner or later, into paresis with muscular 
atrophy or ataxia; pseudotabes; ataxia alcoholica; 
alcoholic neuritis. Korsakoff’s disease. 

N. axia'lis, optic neuritis with inflammation of 
the central fibres of the optic nerve, resulting in 
a central scotoma; axial neuritis. N. brachia'- 
lis, primary inflammation of the brachial plexus, 
analogous- to sciatica and often in conjunction 
with gout. N. cachex'ia, neuritis due to degen¬ 
eration of the nerves: often caused by malnu¬ 
trition. N. endem'ica, neuritis due to micro* 
organisms. Its principal forms are malarial 
NEURITIS and beriberi. [ ^ J- A. M. A. j. ’07.] 
N. fas' cians, neuritis in which the lesions affect 
the nerve * sheaths and the muscular inter¬ 
stitial tissue; Eichhorst’s neuritis. N. hyper- 
tro'phica, hypertrophy of the peripheral nerve* 
trunks of the paralyzed side due to cerebral 
hemorrhage. N. intraocula'ris = lapillitis, 
N. mi'grans, neuritis which spreads from one 
nerve to another through their common nerve* 
centre. N. multiplex = multiple neuritis. 
N. nodo'sa, neuritis marked by inflammatory 
nodes along the nerve. N. radicula'ris, inflam¬ 
mation of the nerve*roots; 'radicular neuritis. 
N. rheumat'ica = rheumatic neuritis. N. seni'- 
lis, neuritis due to old age; senile neuritis. N. 
sympathet'ica = sympathetic neuritis. N. tox- 
ae'mica, neuritis due to an unknown (usually) 
organic or chemical virus in the blood; toxsemic 
neuritis. N. tox'ica, neuritis due to the presence 
in the blood of a known poison, either metallic, 
as lead, arsenic, silver, etc., or non*metallic, as 
alcohol, saccharine substances in diabetes, etc.; 
toxic neuritis. [< vevpov nerve.] 
neu'ro-. Relating or pertaining to a nerve: a com¬ 
bining form. [< vevpov nerve.] neuTOsa-nat'o- 
my, anatomy of the nervous system — neu-ros 
ar'thri-tism, a combination of nervous and gouty 
diathesis. — neu-ro-bla'ci a, a kind of paresis; 
nervous insensibility. — neu'ro-blast. i. The 
embryonic mass whence the first nerve*cells are 
derived. 2. A granulation cell causing primary 
union of a divided nerve*fibre.— neu*ro-ca-nal', 
the central canal of the spinal axis.— neu-ro-car'- 
di ac, pertaining to the nervous system and heart, 
as N. disease, exophthalmic goitre.— neu'ro-cele, 
the central canal of the spinal cord and the ven¬ 
tricles of the brain taken as a whole.— neu-ro- 
cen'tral canal, the vertebral canal. N. suture, 
the suture between the body of a vertebra and 
the lamina of each side.— neu-ro-chi'tin, the sub¬ 
stance forming the supporting framework of 
nerve*fibres. — neu-ro-chon'drous, -chon'droid = 
fibrocartilaginous. — neu'ro-chord, a cord of 
nervestissue. — neuTO-choTi-o-ret-i-ni'tis, com¬ 
bined optic neuritis and chorioretinitis.— neuTO- 
cho-roi-di'tis, choroiditis with inflammation of 
the ciliary nerves.— neu-ro-co'caine, a proprie¬ 
tary preparation of cocaine in billets for dental 
use.— neu-ro-coc'cus, any one of the nuclei con¬ 
tained within the granular mass of the motor 
end*plates.— neu'ro-coele = neurocele. — neu'- 
ro-crane, the cranial part of the skull as distin¬ 
guished from the facial part, fneu-ro-cra'ni al. 
— neu'ro-cyte. i. Any nerve*cell, whether spe¬ 
cialized or not. 2. A Negri body.— neuTO-de- 
al'gi a, pain or excessive sensibility of the retina. 


— neuTO-de-a-tro'phi a, atrophy of the retina.— 
neuTo-de-my-e-lo'ma, myeloma of the retina.— 
neu-ro-den'drite, -den'dron, a process of a nerve* 
cell which may be regarded as an axis*cylinder 
process (neuron) combined with a protoplasmic 
process (dendron). — neu-ro-der'ma, a neurosis 
of the skin, marked by intense pruritus with¬ 
out any appreciable lesions of the skin.— neu*- 
ro-der-ma-ti'tis, a neuropathic cutaneous inflam¬ 
mation, as lichen circumscriptus. — neuTO-der- 
ma-to'sis, a neurosis of the skin, as spasntodermia 
and cesthesiodermia. — neuTO-der-ma-tro'phi a, 
atrophy of the skin due to nerveslesions.— neu-ro- 
der'mi a, neuTO-der-ini'tis = neurodermatitis. 

— neuTO-di-as'ta-sis. i. The separation or dis¬ 
placement of nerves that are normally contiguous. 
2. The separation that takes place between the 
ends of a divided nerve.— neu-ro'din. i. A pat¬ 
ented remedy, acetylpara*oxyphenylurethane, 
occurring in colorless crystals: used as an anti- 
neuralgic and antipyretic. Antineuralgic dose, 
i.o to 1.5 Gm. (15 to 24 grs.); antipyretic dose, 
0.32 to 0.65 Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). 2. A base, CgH^gNj, 
a decorriposition product of flesh, Neuridine. 

— neuTo-dy-na'mi a, nervous strength or energy. 
fneuTo-dy-narn'ic. — neu-ro-dyn'i a, pain of a 
nerve; any affection similar to neuralgia, but by 
some authorities limited to chronic pain in the 
nerve. t^i®u-ro-dyn'ic. — neu-ro-dys'en-te-ry, 
nervous dysentery.— neuTOse-lec‘tro-ther-a-peu'- 
tics, the therapeutic use of electricity in the treat¬ 
ment of nervous diseases. — neuTOsen-ter'ic 
canal = neurenteric canal. — neuTOsep-i-der'- 
mal, relating to both the epidermis and the 
nerves. N. layer = epiblast. — neuTO=ep-i-the- 
li-o'ma, a tumor consisting of neuro*epithelium. 

— neu'ro=ep-i-the'li um. i. The highly special¬ 
ized epithelium constituting the perceptive ele¬ 
ments of the organs of special sense, as the rod* 
and*cone cells of the retina and the hair*cells of 
the organ of Corti. 2. That part of the epiblas- 
tic epithelium which develops into the cerebro¬ 
spinal axis. tiicuTO=ep-i-the'li al, as N. layer, 
the outer portion of the retina, including the ex¬ 
ternal nuclear layer and the rodsand*cone layer. 

— neu-ro-fi'bril, the conducting element of a 
nerve*cell. It consists of a fibre arising in a 
nerve*cell, passing out of one of its processes, 
traversing several ganglion cells, and ending in a 
muscle or sensescell.— neuTo-fi-bro'ma, a fibroma 
containing neuromatous material: it is attached 
to the neurilemma and it may be multiple or 
plexiform. fneuTO-fi-brom'a-tous. — neu*ro-fi- 
bro-ma-fo'sis, a disease characterized by gener¬ 
alized small fibromata of nervous origin, N eu- 
ROMA PLEXiFORME. — neu'ro-fil, a network of 
processes commencing at the beginning of the 
axis*cylinder and surrounding the cell.— neu-ro- 
fron'tal, relating to the brain and the frontal bone. 

— neuTO-gan-gli-i'tis, inflammation of a neu-ro- 
gan'gli on, or nerve*ganglion.— neuTo-gas-tral'- 
gi a, pain in the stomach, when of nervous origin.— 
neu-ro-gas'tric, relating to the nerves and stomach. 

— neu-ro-gen'e-sis, neu-rog'e-ny, the formation or 
production of nerves. fneuTO-ge-net'ic; neu- 
ro-gen'ic. — neu-rog'e-nous, having its origin in 
the nervous system.— neu-rog'li a, the sustentac- 
ular tissue of the nervous system; a finely reticu¬ 
lated web or tissue composed of modified ecto¬ 
dermic elements in which are embedded peculiar 
branched cells (glia=cells) ; bindweb. (See illus¬ 
tration, next page.) N.scells = GLIAsCELLS. N.s 


NEURO- 


616 


NEURO- 



Neuroglia in a Golgi 
Preparation of the 
Spinal Cord. 


holes, certain holes or openings in Purkinje’s cells, 
tneu-rog'li ac; neu-rog'li ar; neu-rog'lic.— neu’- 
ro-gli-o'ma, a glioma in which nervescells have 
been developed. N. gangliona're, a glioma hav¬ 
ing ganglion=cells em¬ 
bedded in it.— neu- 
rog'ra-phy, that 
branch of anatomy 
and physiology which 
treats of the nervous 
system. — neu’ro-his- 
tol'o-gy, the histology 
of the nervous system. 

— neu*ro-hy-me-ni'tis 

= NEURILEMMITIS.- 

neuTo-hyp-nol'o-gy, 
the science or study 
of hypnotism, t^eu*- 
ro-hyp-nol'o-gist.— 
neu-ro-hyp'no-tism = 

HYPNOTISM. —neu'roid, 
resembling a nerve or 
nervous substance.— 
neu-ro-ker'a-tin, a sub¬ 
stance similar to kera¬ 
tin found in the white 
substance of Schwann 

and the sheaths of axis^cylinders.— neuTO-ki- 
ne'sis. i. An alteration of the substance of 
a nerve, the result of nervesstretching. 2. 
A disordered condition of the nervous system 
similar to neurasthenia. — neu-ro-ki'net, an 
apparatus for the stimulation of the nerves by 
mechanical concussion.— neu-ro-lem'ma = neu¬ 
rilemma. — neu'ro-lem-ma-ti'tis = neurilemmi- 
Tis. — neu-rol'o-gy, neu-ro-lo'gi a, the science of 
the nature and functions of the nerves; that part 
of medicine which deals with the anatomy, physi¬ 
ology, and pathology of the nervous system, fneu- 
ro-log'i-cal. neu-rol'o-gist. — neu'ro-lymph, cere¬ 
brospinal fluid.— neu-rol'y-sin, a cytolysin de¬ 
stroying nervescells.— neu-rol'y-sis. i. Exhaus¬ 
tion of a nerve from overstimulation. 2. The 
relaxed condition of a nerve produced by nerve« 
stretching. — neu-ro'ma, see entry 

in vocabulary place at end of list. neu*ro-ma-la'- 
ci a, softening of the nerves.— neu'ro-mast. i. A 
neuro=epithelial sense=organ. 2. A motorial end* 
plate.— neu-ro-ma-to'sis, a morbid condition dis¬ 
posing toward orvcharacterized by the develop¬ 
ment of neuromata.— neu'ro-mere, a section or 
segment of the central nervous system.— neu'ro- 
me-tas'ta-sis, metastasis to the nervous system.— 
neu‘ro-mi-me'sis, hysterical or nervous mimicry; 
assumption in functional nervous disease of char¬ 
acters of other disease, fneu’ro-mi-met'ic. — neu- 
ro-mus'cu-lar, pertaining to nerve and muscle.— 
neu‘ro-my-al'gi a, neuralgia of a muscle.— neu*- 
ro-my-e-li'tis, inflammation of nervous or medul¬ 
lary substance. — neu-ro-my'e-loid, resembling 
nervous or medullary substance.— neu'ro-my-ol'- 
o-gy, the study or science of nerves and muscles 
taken together, the muscle being viewed as the 
end*organ of the nerve*elements with which it is 
connected. — neuTO-my-op'a-thy, neuralgic dis¬ 
ease of a muscle, fiie^'ro-my-o-path'ic. — neuTO- 
my-o-si'tis, combined neuritis and myositis. — 
neuTO-my-o-to'ni a = myotonia. — neuTO-myx- 
o'ma, a myxomatous neuroma.— neu'ron, neu'- 
rone, see entry in vocabulary place at end of list. 
neuTO-na-gen'e-sis, failure to generate neurons.— 
neu'ro-nal, a proprietary hypnotic, diethylbro- 


macetamide, containing 41% of bromine. It is 
similar to veronal and used especially in epi¬ 
lepsy.— neu-ro-ne'o-plasm, a neuroma.— neu- 
ro-neph'ric, relating to the nervous system 
and the kidneys.— neu-ron'o-phage, a phago¬ 
cyte possessing the power to destroy nerve*cells. 
fneuTo-no-pha'gi a; neuTO-noph'a-gy. — neu- 
ron'o-sos, -o-sus, neurosis. — neu-ro-nyg'mus, 
a punctureswound of a nerve.— neu-ron'y-my, 
the nomenclature of nerves. — neu-ro-nyx'is, 
the puncturing of a nerve. — neu’rosoc-cip'i- 
tal, pertaining to the neural* arch and the oc¬ 
cipital bone.— neu"ro-pa-ral'y-sis, paralysis due 
to some affection of the nervous system, 
ro-par-a-lyt'ic, as N. keratitis {ophthalmia) =■ 
keratitis (ophthalmia) neuroparalytica; N. 
oedema = neuropathic cedema. — neu'ro-path, 
neu-rop'a-thist. i. One who believes that the 
nervous system is the sole cause and seat of dis¬ 
ease. 2. A person of extremely nervous dis¬ 
position.— neuTO-pa-thol'o-gy, the doctrine or 
science of the nerves considered in relation to 
their influence on diseased conditions of the 
body; the pathology of nervous diseases, fneu*- 
ro-path-o-log'i-cal. neu*ro-pa-thol'o-gist.— neu- 
rop'a-thy, disorder of nervous function; nervous 
disease; neurosis, fneu-ro-path'ic, as N. atrophy, 
atrophy of muscular tissue due to loss of function 
of trophic nerves: N. constitution, the nervous 
diathesis; that constitution of body and mind 
which predisposes to nervous disease: N. eschar, 
a bedssore following disease of the spinal cord: 
N. oedema, oedema due to paralysis of vasomotor 
nerves or neuroparalytic congestion; neuropara¬ 
lytic oedema: and N. papilloma, a sort of papil¬ 
loma corresponding in its locality to the distri¬ 
bution of a cutaneous nerve.— neu-ro-phleg'mon, 
neu*ro-phlo-go'sis = neuritis. — neu-ro-pho'ni a, 
a form of nervous disease in which the patient 
utters a sharp, spasmodic cry, sometimes resem¬ 
bling that of certain animals.— neu-roph-thal'- 
mi a, nervous ophthalmia.— neu-roph'thi-sis, ner¬ 
vous tabes, or wasting away of the nerves.— neu*- 
ro-phys-i-oTo-gy, the physiology of the nerves.— 
neu'ro-pil, a form of nerve*substance in inverte¬ 
brate animals supposed to have the same function 
as the gray matter in the vertebrates.— neu-rop'- 
i-lem, neu’ro-pi-le'ma, a felt*like interlacing of 
nervesfibres in the spinal cord; nerve=felt.— neu- 
ro-pla'si a, the formation of neuromata.— neu'ro- 
plasm. I. The fine granular substance cementing 
together the ultimate fibrillae of which the axis* 
cylinder of a nervesfibre is composed. ' 2. The 
bioplasm of living brain*tissue.— neu-ro-plas'tin, 
a kind of plastin contained in the substance 
of brain*tissue.— neu'ro-plas-ty, plastic surgery 
of nerves, or a plastic operation upon a nerve, 
fneu-ro-plas'tic.— neu'ro-plex, neu-ro-plex'us, a 
plexus of nerves. — neu-rop'lo-ca, a nerve=gan- 
glion.— neu-ro-po'di um, pi. -po'dia, one of the 
delicate tendrils which form the axis*cylinder 
process termination in nerve*cells of the second 
type.— neu'ro-pore, a minute opening between 
the hemispheres at the anterior end of the anterior 
cerebral vesicle.— neu*ro-pro-so-pal'gi a = proso¬ 
palgia. — neu’ro-psy-chol'o-gy, neurology and 
psychology considered as forming one branch of 
science.— neu-ro-psy-chop'a-thy, nervous disorder 
involving the psychic functions. tii®u'ro-psy-cho- 
path'ic, as N. constitution. — neuTO-psy-cho'sis, a 
mental disease associated with a nervous disease. 
— neuTo-pur-pu'ric fever , cerebrospinal or spotted 



NEURO- 


617 


NEURON 


iever.— neu-ro-py'ra, nervous fever. fneuTO- 
py-ret'ic. — neuTO-ret-i-ni'tis, inflammation of 
the retina and the optic nerve.— neu-ror'rha-phy, 
suture of a divided nerve.— neu-ro'sal, pertaining 
to a neurosis; having the characters of a neurosis. 
—• neuTO-sar-co-cly'sis, transplantation of a neu¬ 
ralgic nerve from its bony canal to a bed of soft 
tissues.— neuTO-sar-co'ma, a sarcoma containing 
nervous tissue.— neuTO-scle-ro'sis, sclerosis of 
nervestissue.— neu-ro'sin. i. A proprietary hyp¬ 
notic and anodyne of calcium and glycerophos¬ 
phates. Dose, 0.12 to 0.3 Gm. (2 to 5 grs.). 2. A 
proprietary antineuralgic of nitroglycerin and 
caffeine.— neu-ro'sis, see entry in vocabulary 
place at end of list.— neu'ro-sism = neurasthe¬ 
nia. — neu-ro-skel'e-ton, the vertebrate endo- 
SKELETON.— neu-TO'so-lym-phat'ic, relating to a 
temperament both nervous and lymphatic.— 
neu'ro-some. i. One of the minute granular par¬ 
ticles found in the protoplasmic ground^substance 
of the neurons, especially around the axis=cylinder 
and its terminal branches. 2. The body of a 
nervescell. — neu-ro-so'zone. [H I. M. ’03.] — 
neu'ro-spasm, nervous spasm or twitching of a 
muscle.— neu-ro-spon'gi um. i. The sustentac- 
ular tissue of the nerve-centres. 2. The inner 
granular layer of the retina.— neu’ro-ste-ar'ic, 
relating to nervous tissue and fat; having its 
origin in the fatty elements of the nerve-sub¬ 
stance, as N. acid, an acid, C^gH.^gOg, derived from 
brain-tissue: and N. ether, a substance derived 
from phrenosin by treating it with alcohol and 
sulphuric acid.— neu-ros-the'ni a, great nervous 
power or excitement.— neu-ros-trem'ma, a nerve- 
ganglion.— neu'ro-su-ture, suturing of a divided 
nerve.— neu-ro-ta'bes, a form of tabes involving 
only the peripheral nerves, without causing de¬ 
generation of the spinal cord, is- Pseudotabes. 
— neu-ro-tag'ma, the structural elements of a 
nerve-cell in linear arrangement, fiicu-ro-tax'i a. 
neu-ro-ten'di-nous spindle = tendon-spindle. — 
neu-ro-ten'sion = nerve-stretching. — neu-ro- 
the'le, a nervous papilla.— neuTO-the-le-i'tis, 
-the-li'tis, inflammation of nervous papillae.— 
neu-ro-the'li on,-li um, a small nerve-papilla.— 
neuTo-ther-a-peu'tics, -ther'a-py, the therapeu¬ 
tics of diseases of the nervous system.— neu-ro- 
thlip'sis, pressure on or irritation of a nerve.— 
neu-rot'ic, see entry in vocabulary place at end 
of list, neu-rot'i-ca. i. Drugs which have a 
special effect upon the nervous system. 2. Func¬ 
tional nervous disorders.— neuTot-i-za'tion, re¬ 
generation of a nerve after division.— neu'ro- 
tome. I. A long needle for dissecting nerves. 2. == 
Neuromere. 3. The nerve-tissues of the meta- 
mere in the embryo.— neu-rot'o-my, neu-ro-to'- 
mi a, the surgical cutting of a nerve; the dissection 
of nerves, Neurectomy. Opticociliary n., cut¬ 
ting of the optic and ciliary nerves: an operation 
to replace enucleation of the eyeball, as for the 
prevention of sympathetic ophthalmia, tneu-ro- 
tom'i-cal.— neu-ro-ton'ic. i. Having a tonic 
effect upon the nerves. 2. A remedy having tonic 
or strengthening effects upon the nervous system. 
N. reaction, a rare form of electrical reaction, 
marked by tetanic quiverings of the muscles 
when the nerve-stems are irritated.— neu-rot'- 
o-ny, neu-ro-to'ni a = nerve-stretching. — 
neu*ro-tox-i-col'o-gy, the science of toxic nervous 
disorders.— neu-ro-tox'in, a cytotoxin destructive 
to nerve-cells, produced in the blood by the 
injection of an alien central nervous system 


substance. Nephrotoxin. [Tf L. ij. ’02.j 

fneu-ro-tox'ic.— neu'ro-trip-sy, the crushing of a 
nerve.— neu-ro-tro'ma,pl. neurotro'mata, a wound 
of a nerve. — neu*ro-troph*as-the'ni a, imperfect 
nutrition of the nervous system.— neu-ro-troph'ic, 
having relation to the trophic influences ex¬ 
erted by or through the nervous system.— 
neu-rot'ro-pism, the attraction {positive n.) or 
repulsion {negative n.) shown by regenerating 
nerve-fibres toward certain nutritive and other 
substances.— neu-ro-tro'sis, wounding of a nerve, 
fneu-rot'ro-tous.— neuTO-var-i-co'sis, a varicose 
condition of the fibrous elements of a nerve. 
— neuTO-vis-ce-ri'tis, visceritis with neuralgia, 
neuro'ma, pi. -rom'ata. A knotty swelling or tumor 
in the course of a nerve; nervous tumor. 
A neuroma is called true when composed of ner¬ 
vous tissue mixed with connective tissue in greater 
or less abundance, and false when it is not made 
up of true nerve-fibres. The latter may be a 
fibroma, sarcoma, myxoma, glioma, etc. 'Ampu¬ 
tation n., a very painful neuroma forming at the 
proximal ends of nerves divided in injuries or 
operations, especially amputations; traumatic 
neuroma. Amyelin (amyelinic) n. or N. amye- 
lin'icum, non-medullated neuroma. N. cu'tis, 
a neuroma occurring in the skin. Cystic n., 
a false neuroma which has developed into a 
cyst. Fascicular or medullated n., a neuroma of 
medullated nerve-fibres. Ganglionated or gangli¬ 
onic n., a neuroma composed of true nerve-cells. 
Malignant n., a sarcoma usually of a spindle- 
celled^nerve-structure. Myelinic n. or N. myelin'- 
icum, a neuroma composed of medullated nerve- 
fibre. Nonsmedullated n., a neuroma containing 
neuroglia-cells and Remak’s fibres; amyelin neu¬ 
roma. Plexiform n. or N. plexifor'me, a neuroma 
composed of multiple nodular enlargements 
along separate nerve-trunks, especially the 
branches of the trigeminus nerve around the 
orbit and upper eyelid: often congenital. N. 
telangiecto'des, a neuroma containing many 
blood-vessels. Traumatic n., amputation neu¬ 
roma. fneu-ro'ma-toid; neu-rom'a-tous. 
neu'ron, neu'rone. i . The cerebrospinal axis; neu- 
raxis. 2. The axis-cylinder process of a nerve; 
a neurite. 3. == Nerve-cell. 4. The essential 
nervous unit, consisting of a celUhody or the 
NERVE-CELL, and the processes, i. e., the axis- 
cylinder {axon, neuraxon, neurite, or Deiters's 
process), the dendrites, collaterals, and terminal 
arborizations or telodendria. Not less than two 
and usually more neurons participate in every 
physiolo’gical action involving the nervous sys¬ 
tem: that at which the impulse begins or the 
ARCHiNEURON and that at which it terminates or 
the TELENEURON. Edinger’s law of neurons is 
that the growth of a neuron up to a certain 
point increases in proportion to the regular 
and gradual increase of function: the latter, if 
carried to excess, especially when irregular and 
spasmodic, results in atrophy and degeneration, 
with ultimate proliferation into surrounding 
tissue. Goldscheider-Marinesco’s law is that the 
tendency to degeneration of a neuron varies 
directly with the number of connections it has 
and number of stimuli it receives, ts- Pro¬ 
jection N.; SENSORY N.; SHORT N. N.sthrcsh- 
old, the degree of excitation of a neuron required 
to produce a sensation in another with which 
it is in contact. [< veDpov nerve.] t*i®u'ro-nal; 
neu-ron'ic. 


NEUROSIS 


618 


NICOL’S PRISM 


neu-ro'sis, pi. neuro'ses. i. A functional ner¬ 
vous disease; an affection of the nervous system 
with marked functional disturbances, occurring 
without any apparent material agent producing 
it, without inflammation or any other structural 
change which can be detected in the nervous 
centres. 2, Any disease of the nervous system. 
3. The neural process corresponding to a men¬ 
tal phenomenon. Among the varieties of neu¬ 
rosis are Accident (= traumatic). Alcoholic, 
Anxiety, Emotional, Occupation, Profes¬ 
sional, Reflex, Traumatic, Vasomotor, 
Westphal’s. [< vevpop nerve.] 
neu-rot'ic. i. Relating or belonging to the nerves; 
nervous. 2. Relating to neurosis; subject to 
neuroses. N. albuminuria, albuminuria due to 
nervous disease. N. atrophy, atrophy due to 
change in some part of the nervous system. N. 
dysmenorrhoea, dysmenorrhcea. N. fever, 
fever following injury of some part of the nervous 
system. N. phthisis, phthisis complicated with 
neurasthenia. N. subject, a person of a neurotic 
constitution ; one subject to neuroses. 3. A drug 
capable of affecting the nervous functions, 
neu-ry'men. = Neurilemma, fneu’ry-me-ni'tis 

= NEURILEMMITIS. 

Neusser’s granules (noi'serz). Granules, stainable 
by basic dyes, sometimes found near the nuclei of 
the leucocytes: often connected with the uric*acid 
diathesis, but observed under other conditions, 
neu'ter. Destitute of sex; neither male nor female. 
N. hermaphroditism, hermaphroditism in which 
the organs are not distinctively of either sex. 
neu'tral. Neither one nor the other of two; indif¬ 
ferent. In chemistry, (a) neither acid nor alka¬ 
line; {h) neither acid nor basic. N. line, the optic 
axis of a crystal. N. mixture = liquor potassii 
ciTRATis*. N. point of the spectrum, the color 
which, in dichromatopsia, matches daylight. N. 
reaction, a reaction which is neither acid nor 
alkaline. N. red, a red aniline stain for histo¬ 
logical and bacteriological work; stilbene (to- 
luylene) red. N. salt, a salt in which all the acid 
hydrogen has been replaced by a basic radical; 
normal salt; secondary salt. N. sulphate, sul¬ 
phate in which both the hydrogen atoms of the 
sulphuric acid are replaced by the base. N. zone, 
the centre of a magnet, which lacks polarity, 
neu-tral'i-ty. The property of bodies which are 
neither acid nor alkaline, as shown by many salts. 
neu‘tra-li-za'tion. A term applied to the complete 
loss of characteristic properties attending certain 
combinations, when one ingredient is neutralized 
or saturated by the other, fneu'tra-lize. 
neu'tro-phile. i. Readily stained by coloring mat¬ 
ters of neutral reaction. 2. A microscopic tissue* 
element, bacterium, cell, etc., readily stainable 
by neutral dyes, especially the polymorphonu¬ 
clear leucocyte with very finely granular proto¬ 
plasm constituting about 75% of the leucocytes 
of the normal blood. [< L. neu'ter neither -f 
(piXog fond.] fi^eu-tro-phiTic ; neu-troph'i-lous. 
ne‘vo-li-po'ma. =N^volipoma. 
ne'vus. =N.evus. fiie'void; ne'vose. 
new'sborn. A term employed to designate a child 
for a short period after its birth. 

Newboul'dia lae'vis. An African plant whose bark 
is employed as a styptic, venous astringent, and 
emmenagogue. 
new'sgrowth. = Neoplasm. 

newslea'ther murmur or sound. = Bruit de 

CRAQUEMENT. 


New'ton’s rings. Rainbow colored rings produced 
at the point of contact when polished plates of 
glass are pressed against each other. [< Sir 
Isaac Newton, the English scientist, 1642-1727.] 
fnewto'ni an, as N. aberration, aberration. 

nex'us. An intertwining; 
a binding together. N. 
nervo'rum optico'rum= 

CHIASM. N. stamin'eus 
oc'uli = CILIARY BODY. 

ngai camphor (n’gii). A 
variety of camphor 
yielded by Blu'mea bal- 
saniif'era ; practically 
identical with ordinary 
camphor. 

n’go. A South African 
caterpillar from which 
the Bushmen extract an 
arrowspoison. 

Ni. The chemical symbol 
of NICKEL. 

nic'co-lum. = Nickel. 

[L.] tnic-col'ic. 

Nich'olson’s hydrometer. 

An hydrometer in which 
the depth of immersion is 
constant, but the weight 
is subject to change. 

nick'el. A white, hard metal, found in the metallic 
state in meteoric stones. Its specific gravity is 
8.8; at. wt. 58.3; sym. Ni. It is very ductile, 
hard, and tenacious. It is one of the few metals 
that are attracted by the magnet. It is very 
difficult of fusion, and is soluble in nitric and 
sulphuric acids. N. bromide, NiBr2-f3H20, is 
used in hysteria, melancholia, and epilepsy. Dose, 
0.3 to 0.6 Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). N. carl^aate, a 
lightsgreen powder, NiCOg: used in nickehplating. 
N. carbon monoxide, a poisonous liquid employed 
hypodermically to decrease the temperature; nico, 
def. 2. N. carbonyl, a poisonous salt of nickel. 
N. chloride, NiCl2-l-6H20, a tonic, also used in 
anaemia. Dose, 0.065 to 0.2 Gm. (i to 3 grs.). 
N. cyanide, Ni(CN)2, obtained from a cyanide and 
a nickel salt. N. oleate, a wax*like solid, ap¬ 
plied externally in chronic eczema. N. salipyrin, 
a compound of antipyrine and nickel salicylate. 
It occurs as a lightsgreen powder or in whitish 
needles. N. sulphate, NiSO^-l-7H2O, is antiperi- 
odic, tonic, and sedative: useful in severe head¬ 
aches. Dose, 0.065 1^0 0.2 Gm. (i to 3 grs.). [< 
L. nic'colum.] t*iick'el-ic. nick'el-ous. 

nick'ersnut. = Bonduc seed. 

nickfing. The operation of cutting the depressor 
muscles in a horse’s tail. 

Nick'les’s test for distinguishing cane-sugar from 
glucose. Heating the suspected substance for 
some time to 100° C. with carbon tetrachloride 
causes the cane-sugar to turn black, while the 
glucose does not. 

ni'co. I. = Symphorol. 2. Nickel carbon mo¬ 
noxide. 

Nic'o-lai-er’s bacillus. = Bacillus tetani. 

ni-col'i-cin. A proprietary cure for morphinism 
found on analysis to contain 3% of morphine. 

Nic'ol’s prism. A prism made of two pieces of Ice¬ 
land spar cemented together with Canada balsam. 
A ray of light entering the prism is doubly re¬ 
fracted, one ray being totally reflected from the 
surface of the balsam, the other (the polarized 
ray) being transmitted through the prism. 

























NICOMORRHUINE 


619 


NIM 


nic-o-mor^rhu-ine. An alkaloid, CjoHjgN^, found 
in codsliver oil. 
ni-co'ti a. = Nicotine. 

Nicotia'na. Tobacco, a genus of solanaceous 
plants. [< Jacques Nicot, who first brought it 
to Europe, in 1560.] 

ni'co-ti-an'ic. Relating to or caused by nicotine. 
N. acid = NICOTINIC acid. N. dyspepsia, dyspep¬ 
sia due to excessive use of tobacco; smokers’ or 
tobacco dyspepsia. 

ni-co'ti-a-nine. A crystalline substance found in 
tobacco, and giving it its characteristic odor, 
ni'co-ti-an-o-ma'ni a. Insane craving for tobacco, 
ni-co'ti-dine. A chemical substance isomeric with 
nicotine, but derived from bone oil: a pyridine 
product, the result of destructive distillation, 
nic'o-tine. An acrid, colorless fluid, C^oHj4N2, form¬ 
ing the active principle of tobacco. It is a 
powerful alkaloid, neutralizing all the acids, and 
contains a much larger proportion of nitrogen 
than most of the organic alkalies or alkaloids. 
Nicotine is one of the most virulent poisons 
known, and even in minute doses kills instantly. 
Nicotine is rarely employed in therapeutics, but 
has been used as an antidote to strychnine. N. 
bitartrate, soluble white crystals used as an anti- 
tetanic agent and antidote for strychnine. N. 
salicylate, a salt containing 54% of nicotine: 
recommended for scabies in 1% lanolin ointment. 
N. tartrate, a compound of tartaric acid and nico¬ 
tine, CjoHj4N2(C4HeOg) -f 2H2O, more stable than 
the free alkaloid or other salts: used in tetanus 
and strychnine poisoning. [< L. nicoti'na, fr. 
nicotia'.na tobacco.] nic-o-tin'ic, as 

N. acid, an acid, CgH5N02, derivable by oxidation 
from nicotine, nicotidine, etc. nic'o-tize. 
nic'o-tin-ism, nic'o-tism. Tobaccospoisoning, either 
acute, with a narcotic course, convulsions, and 
collapse, or chronic, due to excessive, continued 
use of tobacco, causing amblyopia, nicotianic 
dyspepsia, tobaccosheart, and other phenomena, 
nic'ou-lin. An extremely poisonous substance, 
CgH^O, which has been used as an antispasmodic 
in acute tetanus, 
nic'ta-ting. = Nictitating. 
nic-ta'tion. = Nictitation. 

nic'ti-ta-ting. Winking ; nictating. N. membrane, 
a thin membrane forming a kind of third eyelid, 
found in certain birds, at the inner corner of the 
eye. It can be extended over the eye so as to 
protect it without obstructing the vision. In 
man it is represented by an atrophic fold, the 
plica semilunaris, Harderian glands. N. 
spasm, a variety of facial spasm in which frequent 
and persistent winking is a prominent symptom, 
nic-ti-ta'tion. A quick, spasmodic, and frequent 
closing of the eyelids sometimes due to habit; 
frequent winking, is" Blepharospasm ; nystag¬ 
mus. [< L. nictiia'iio.] 
ni'dal. Relating to a nidus; focal, 
ni-da-men'tal. Pertaining to an egg*sac or a nest, 
ni-da'tion. The intermenstrual development of an 
endometrial lining of epithelium. 
niMus. I. A nest. 2. A point or focus suited for 
the development of germs (as of an infectious 
disease). 3. A pocket or sinus in which pus 
may be hidden. 4. A small collection of gan- 
glionscells constituting a nerve-centre within the 
mass of a larger ganglion; a nucleus. N. abdu- 
cen'tis = nucleus abducentis. N. a'vis*, a 
fossa on the lower surface of the cerebellum, on 
either side, between the uvula and the posterior 


velum; N. hirundinis. N. hirun'dinis = N. avis*. 
N. pon'tis = nucleus pontis. 

Nie'mey-er’s pill. A pill used for the fever of tuber¬ 
culosis of the lungs, and containing i gr. quinine, 
^ gr.digitalis,and ^ gr.opium. [^J.A.M.A. j. ’ii]. 
ni-e'pa bark. The bitter and tonic bark of Santa- 
de'ra in'dica, an Asiatic tree. 

Nigeria sati'va. The nutmeg flower, a ranuncula- 
ceous plant, a native of Egypt and the Levant, 
cultivated in the United States. It has galacta- 
gogue and carminative properties. From the 
pungent and aromatic seeds are obtained ni-gel'- 
lin and melanthin. 

nig'gling pains. The early pains of puerperal labor, 
night. The portion of the day between sunset and 
sunrise. N.=blain = chilblain. N.sblindness, ^ 
hemeralopia; nyctalopia. N.=blooming cereus, 
Cereus. N.scamp, a hygienic camp for the 
tuberculous to sleep in after working during 
the day.' N.scry, a sharp cry uttered during sleep 
by children affected with certain nervous and 
physical disorders, especially hip-joint disease. 
N.spain, pain in the hip or knee during re¬ 
laxation of the limbs in sleep: symptomatic 
of hip-joint disease, ts - Osteocopic pains. N.s 
palsy, a peculiar numbness of the extremities in 
women, occurring in the night about the climac¬ 
teric period. N.ssight, hemeralopia ; nycta¬ 
lopia. N.ssoil, the contents of privies (so called 
because often removed in the night), as A. -5. fever, 
typhoid fever. N.sstool, a stool with a recep¬ 
tacle for faeces, for use in the bedroom. N.s 
sweat, profuse perspiration occurring at night, as 
in phthisis and hectic fever. N.sterrors, a variety 
of nightmare in children; pavor nocturnus. 
night'in-gale. A flannel scarf or cape with sleeves, 
used in hospitals for the protection of the shoulders 
and chest of nurses and invalids. [< Florence 
Nightingale, the famous Crimean hospital nurse.] 
night'mare. A vivid and horrible dream, with 
fright and a feeling of suffocation and distress, 
from which the patient can scarcely awake, often 
due to imprdper eating before retiring; incubus, 
night'shade. A name for plants of the genus 
Sola'num. Deadly n. = Atropa belladonna. 
ni-gran'i-lin. Aniline black, 
ni-gre'do. =Melasma. [< L. ni'ger black.] 
ni'gric acid. A black substance, C^HgO^, formed 
by treating ethyl oxalate with potassium, 
ni'grism, ni-gris'mus. = Melasma. 
ni-gritTes. i. Blackness; a black or dark color. 
2. = Black tongue ; GLOssoPHYTiA. N. lin'guae 
= BLACK toI^gue; GLOSSOPHYTIA. N. os'sium, a 
term sometimes applied to caries. 
nig'ro-sine. A blue-black coal-tar dye, C35H27N3, 
used in histological work, 
nig'u-a. = PuLEX penetrans. 
ni'hil. “Nothing.” N. al'bum, crude zinc oxide; 
flowers of zinc. N. grae'cum (gris'eum), impure 
zinc oxide. [L.] 

ni'hil-ism. A theory of therapeutics characterized 
by disbelief in the efficacy of drugs, fni'hil-ist. 
ni'in. A fatty substance probably the same as axin. 
nik-al-ga'ya. A local East Indian name for try¬ 
panosomiasis. 

Nikiforoff’s method of bloodsfilm fixation. Immer¬ 
sion of the dried films in absolute alcohol or ether, 
or a mixture of equal portions of the two. 

Nile boils. [T[ Jr. Trop. Med. Oct. i, ’06.] 
nim. The tree Azadirach'ta in'dica: its bark is an- 
tiperiodic, tonic, and astringent; the stimulant 
leaves are applied to skin diseases and to ulcers. 


NINDSI 


620 


NITRO- 


nind'si, nind'sin, nin'si, nin'zin. The root of Si'um 
nin'si, replacing ginseng in China and Corea, 
nine'sbarks. i . The plant Spires'a opulifo'lia : a tonic 
and astringent. 2. = Hydrangea arborescens. 
nine'sday fits. = Trismus nascentium. 
ninth nerve, i. = Glossopharyngeal nerve. 2. 

The hypoglossal nerve, with earlier anatomists, 
ni-o'bium. A gray metallic element: at. wt. 94 0; 

sym. Nb; columbium. ni-o'bic. 

ni-o'possnuff. An intoxicating snuff prepared from 
the seeds of a South American tree, Piptade'nia 
peregri'na. 

niph-a-blep'si a. Snow*blindness; blindness caused 
by the glaring reflection of sunlight upon the 
snow. [< v'l^a snow + 0 .( 3 Ae'p'ia blindness.] 
niph’o-ty-phlo'tes. = Niphablepsia. 
nip'ple. The small conical projection in the centre 
of the breast, and, in females, containing an 
opening for the escape of milk; papilla mammae*. 
IS-Cracked n. ; crater n. ; Paget’s disease. 
N.sline. i. =Mammillary line. 2. Aline drawn 
vertically through the nipple, used as a refer- 
encesline in physical examination. N.sprotector 
(sshield), an India*rubber covering to protect the 
nipple of a nursing woman, 
nir'lus. A passing papular eruption which some¬ 
times follows measles or scarlatina, 
nir-van'in. A local anaesthetic, diethylglycocoll- 
paramidosoxybenzoylmethylester hydrochloride, 
occurring in colorless crystals, soluble in water. 
It is much less toxic than orthoform and cocaine. 
It is chiefly used in a 0.2 to 0.5% solution (in 
dentistry, 5% solution) and also by injection. 
Nis'bet’s chancre. A lymphatic abscess on the back 
of the penis which develops into a chancre, 
Bubonulus. [ William 1759-1822.] 

ni'si. Unless. [L.] 

NissPs bodies or granules. The islands of granules 
seen in the protoplasm of nervescells after stain¬ 
ing with such agents as methylenesblue {Nissl's 
stain); tigroid bodies. 

ni'sus. I. The contractile effort of the diaphrag¬ 
matic and abdominal muscles for the expulsion of 
something, as faeces, urine, or a foetus, from the 
body. 2. The periodic vernal generative impulse 
occurring in certain animals, ts- Molimen ; rut. 
N. formati'vus, “formative effort,” a principle 
ascribed to organized matter, by which each 
organ is supposed to be endowed, as soon as it 
acquires structure, with a vita propria, or vital 
power peculiar to itself. [L., “ effort.”] 
nit. The larva or ovum of any one of the species 
of pediculi, but especially of the head=louse. 
ni'ter. = Nitre. 

Niths'dale neck. = Goitre. 

ni-trac'rol. A compound, CgHjo(N02)05, formed 
by the action of nitric acid on choloidic acid, 
ni'tra-gin. A rhizobic soil fertilizer obtained from 
leguminous plants. 

ni-tra-nil'ic acid. A yellow, crystalline substance, 
CgHgOgNg, formed in various ways, as by the 
action of nitrous acid on hydroquinone. 
ni-tran'i-sol. A yellowish oily liquid, CyH^^NOj, 
obtained by nitrating anisol; nitrosanisol. 
ni'tras. = Nitrate. 

ni'trate. A salt of nitric acid. Nitrates are noticed 
in this work under the names of their respective 
bases. [< L. ni'tras.] ni-tra'tion. 

ni'tra-tine. =Sodii nitras*. 
ni'tre. =Potassii nitras*: commonly called sal/- 
petre. Cubic n., sodium nitrate; Chile saltpetre. 
Rough n., magnesium chloride. Sweet spirit of 


n. = SPIRITUS /Etheris NiTROSi*. [< h.ni'trum.] 
ni'tric. Relating to nitre or its compounds, or con¬ 
taining nitre, is- Nitrate. N. acid, a colorless, 
fuming liquid, HNOg, containing 68% by weight 
of absolute nitric acid and 32% of water; acidum 
nitricum*. It is a powerful escharotic and has 
oxidizing properties: uniting with bases it forms 
salts called nitrates: it is used as a caustic for 
chancres, chancroids, ulcers, hemorrhoids, etc. 
N. acid, diluted = ACIDUM nitricum dilutum*. 

N. acid* fuming, a brownish, fuming liquid con¬ 
taining the lower oxides of nitrogen. N.sacid 
test = Heller’s test, def. 2. N. anhydride = 

NITROGEN PENTOXIDE. N. OXide = NITROGEN 
DIOXIDE. N. starch, ordinary starch that has 
been treated for some time with very dilute nitric 
acid: used by some in preparing iodized starch, 
ni'tride. A combination of nitrogen with another 
element. 

ni*tri-fi-ca'tion. The conversion of nitrogen or 
ammonia into nitrates and nitrites, which takes 
place in the presence of air and nitrogenous mat¬ 
ter, by means of the action of certain bacteria 
known as ni'tri-fy-ing bacteria. [< L. ni'trum 
nitre +fa'cere to make.] fiii^tri-fi-a-ble. 
ni'tril. A compound in which nitrogen is united 
with a trivalent radical; a tertiary amide, 
ni'trite. A salt of nitrous acid. The nitrites are 
antispasmodics, and tend to relieve arterial ten¬ 
sion. For description of the nitrites, see under 
their bases. Amyl n., Ethyl n., Potassium n., etc. 
ni'tro-. Denoting combination with nitrogen or 
the radical NOg: a combining form. [< L. ni'¬ 
trum, fr. Ar. nitnin; virpov.] ni-trosan'i-sol = 
nitranisol. — ni‘tro-bac-te'ri a, bacteria which 
convert ammonia into nitrous and nitric acids. 
—ni-tro-ben'zene = nitrobenzole. — ni’tro-ben- 
zin'ic acid, a nitrogenous acid into which benzoic 
acid is transformed when acted upon by strong 
nitric acid; benzonitric acid. — ni-tro-ben'zole, 
-zene, -zule, a peculiar substance, CgHjNOg, pro¬ 
duced by the action of concentrated nitric acid 
on benzole; oil of mirbane. It is sometimes 
called “artificial oil of bitter almond,” but it 
differs essentially from the true oil in containing 
no prussic acid. It is used to perfume soaps. It 
is an active poison, similar to hydrocyanic acid. 

— ni-tro-ben'zo-lism, poisoning by nitrobenzole, 
due to cutaneous absorption, inhalation of its 
vapor, or consumption of liquors containing it: 
in effect similar to hydrocyanicsacid poisoning. 

— ni-tro-car'bol = nitromethane. — ni-tro-cel'- 
lu-lose = pyroxylin. — ni-tro-chlo'ro-form = 
chloropicrin. — ni-tro-dex'trose, dextrose ni¬ 
trate: used like nitroglycerin.— ni'troser'y-thrite 
(ser'y-throl) , an ester of nitric acid and erythrite 
(erythrol), C4Hg(N03)4, with explosive properties 
like but less violent than those of nitroglycerin: 
used like the latter but slower in action.— ni'tro- 
form, a colorless compound, CH(N02)3, crystal¬ 
lizing in yellow cubes soluble in water, which it 
tints yellow. It is inflammable, bitter, and mal¬ 
odorous, detonating on rapid heating.— ni'tro- 
gen, see below in vocabulary place.— ni-tro-glu'- 
cose, a very explosive derivative from glucose by 
the action of nitric and sulphuric acid: used as 
an arterial stimulant. Dose of the 5% solution, 

O. 016 to 0.065 Cc. to I min.).— ni-tro-glyc'- 
e-rin, an explosive compound, C3H5(0.N02)3, 
prepared by the action of strong nitric and sul¬ 
phuric acids on glycerin; trinitrin; glonoin. At 
ordinary temperatures it is an oily, inodorous 


NITRO- 


621 


NITROUS 


liquid, very poisonous, and violently explosive. 
The action of nitroglycerin on the system is al¬ 
most identical with that of amyl nitrite, but its 
influence is felt for a longer time. It is used in 
spasmodic asthma, gastralgia, angina pectoris, 
hepatic colic, seasickness, epilepsy, and migraine. 
Dose, 0.0003 fo 0.0013 Gm. (2^^ to gr.). Pills 
of n. contain each 0.0006 Gm. gr.) of nitrogly¬ 
cerin. Solution or spirit of n.= spiritus glycery- 
Lis NiTRATis*. Tablets of n. = tabell^ nitro- 
GLYCERiNi.— ni-tro-glyc'e-rin-ism, poisoning with 
nitroglycerin, marked in severe cases by un¬ 
consciousness, coma, vomiting, delirium, dyspnoea, 
and oedema, and in light cases by dizziness, pul¬ 
sating temporal arteries, and continued headache. 

— ni’tro-hy-dro-chlo'ric acid, a compound fuming 
acid formed by the union of 18 parts of nitric 
and 82 of hydrochloric acid; aqua regia; nitro- 
muriatic acid; acidum nitrohydrochloricum* . It 
is used in hepatitis, biliousness, hepatic congestion, 
jaundice, cirrhosis, and chronic diarrhoea, as a 
stimulant of the liver and of the other glandular 
organs connected with the alimentary canal. 
Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). Much diluted it is also 
applied to the skin in a bath or by means of wet 
compresses. It is poisonous and should be used 
with caution. N. acid, diluted = acidum nitro¬ 
hydrochloricum DiLUTUM*. — ni-tro-lev'u-lose, 
levulose nitrate: used like nitroglycerin.— ni'tro- 
lin, an explosive preparation containing cellulose, 
nitre, and nitrosaccharose.— ni'tro-mane, a fer¬ 
ment which produces nitrification.— ni-tro-man'- 
nite (-man'ni-tol) , mannite (mannitol) nitrate, 
CgHg(N03)p, a nitric acid ester of mannite, with 
explosive properties similar to but less violent than 
those of nitroglycerin: used like nitroglycerin.— 
ni-trom'e-ter, an apparatus for the measurement 
of the amount of nitrogen given off in a reaction. 
— ni-tro-meth'ane, an oily substance, CHgNOg, ob¬ 
tained in various ways, as by heating potassium 
chloracetate with potassium nitrate; nitrocarbol. 

— Nitrom'onas, a group of soil bacteria which 
convert ammonium salts into nitrites, and nitrites 
into nitrates. They do not grow in other organic 
media, as gelatin. — ni'tro-mu-ri-at'ic acid = 
NiTROHYDROCHLORic ACID. —ni*tro-naph'tha-lene, 
a substance, CipH^NOg, the fumes of which may 
cause opacity of the cornea and vesication.— 
ni’tro-phe-nic'ic, -nis'ic acid = picric acid. — 
ni-tro-phe'nol, a yellowish, crystalline substance, 
CgHgNOg, formed by nitrating phenol. It occurs 
in three isomeric forms. — ni-tro-pic'ric acid = 
PICRIC ACID, — ui-tro-pro'pi ol, a preparation of 
orthonitrophenylpropiolic acid and sodium car¬ 
bonate: used as a test for sugar in the urine, by 
heating from 10 to 15 drops of the latter for 2 to 
4 minutes in a test-tube containing a nitropropiol 
tablet and 10 Cc. distilled water. When sugar is 
present a green coloration, followed by one in¬ 
tensely blue, results. This indicates 0.3% of sugar 
and takes place only when grape=sugar is actually 
present. Albumin, if present in large quantities, 
must first be eliminated by shaking with salt or 
chloroform.— ni-tro-sac'cha-rose, saccharose ni¬ 
trate, a resinous substance with explosive proper¬ 
ties, formed by treating saccharose with nitric 
acid: used like nitroglycerin. — ni’tro-sal-i-cyl'ic 
acid = iNDiGOTic ACID. — ni-tro-sal'ol,a yellowish, 
crystalline powder, CgH4(0H)C02.CgH4N02, used 
in making salophen,— ni'tro-sate, one of a series 
of compounds formed by the action of nitrogen 
tetroxide upon the unsaturated hydrocarbons.— 


ni'trose, an inclusive term for nitric and nitrous 
acids. — ni'tro-site, one of a series of crystalline 
compounds formed by the action of nitrous acid on 
terpenes. — ni-tro'so-, see below in vocabulary 
place. — ni-tro=sug'ar, one of a group of substances 
which have been used as vasodilators.— ni'tro-syl, 
the monad radical, NO. N. sulphate, a crystalline 
acid, HSNO5, recommended as a disinfectant. It 
is a nit rosy 1 substitution derivative of sulphuric 
acid.— ni-tro-to'lu-ene, one of three isomeric com¬ 
pounds, CgH4(CH3)N02, formed when toluene is 
treated with strong nitric acid.— ni-trox'yl, ni'tryl, 
the radical, NO2, found in nitric acid. 

ni'tro-gen. A non=metallic element, forming about 
foursfifths of atmospheric air; azote; mephitic air 
of Rutherford: a colorless, inodorous, and taste¬ 
less gas: sp. gr. 0.9713; at. wt. 13.93; sym. N, 
occasionally Az. It is remarkable for its inert¬ 
ness compared with oxygen, hydrogen, and other 
elements. In the atmosphere (where it is free or 
merely mixed with oxygen) it performs a negative 
and passive part, by diluting the oxygen so as to 
render it fit for respiration, for animals cannot 
live long in pure oxygen. Combining with the 
halogens, nitrogen forms very explosive com¬ 
pounds. Alloxuric n., nitrogen in the form of the 
alloxur*bases. N. benzide = azobenzene. N. 
dioxide, a colorless gas, NO, heavier than air; 
nitric oxide. N. equilibrium, that condition in 
an animal when, for a definite period, the amount 
of nitrogen in the excreta equals that in the food. 
N. monoxide = NITROUS oxide. N. pentoxide, a 
crystalline substance, N2O5, or nitric anhydride, 
which combines with water to form nitric acid. 
N. peroxide, tetroxide, a poisonous antiseptic 
liquid, NO2, giving off irritant, brownish fumes. 
N. protoxide = NITROUS oxide. N. trioxide, a 
reddish gas, N2O3, or nitrous anhydride, which 
combines with water to form nitrous acid. [< 
v'lrpov nitre -f- yevvdv to generate.] fni-trog'e- 
na-ted, as N. oils, a small class of volatile oils 
containing hydrocyanic acid, like true oil of bitter 
almond: nitrogen is not a constituent of the other 
volatile oils, ni-trog'e-nized, as N. foods, sub¬ 
stances containing considerable nitrogen in the 
form of proteid (albuminous) matter, chief of 
which are meat, jellies, fish, milk, eggs, peas, 
beans, etc.: the only substances capable of being 
converted into blood and of forming organic 
tissues, ni-trog'e-nous. 

ni-tro'so-. Denoting combination with nitrosyl, 
the univaleqt radical, NO: a combining form. 
[< L. ni'trum, fr. Ar. nitrun natron; virpov.] ni- 
tro-so-bac'ter, nitrifying bacillus.— ni-tro‘so-bac- 
te'ri a, bacteria with the power of oxidizing 
ammonia into nitrites, Nitrobacteria ; Ni- 
TROMONAS. — ni-tro-so-coc'cus, a micrococcus 
with nitrifying powers. — ni-tro-sosin'dol, the 
compound giving the red reaction upon the 
treatment of indol with sulphuric acid and potas¬ 
sium nitrite. — Nitrosom'onas== Nitromonas. — 
ni-tro-so-ni'tric acid, fuming nitric acid.— ni- 
tro-so-phe'nol = quinoxim. — m-tro*so-phen-yl- 
di-meth-yl-pyr'a-zole = isonitroso=antipyrin. 

ni'trous. i. Pertaining to or derived from nitrous 
acid. 2. Containing nitrogen in the form of a 
univalent or trivalent element. N. acid, an acid, 
HNO2, containing less oxygen than nitric acid. 
N. anhydride = nitrogen trioxide, N. ether 
= ETHYL NITRITE. N. ether spirit = spiritus 
/ETHER is NiTROSi*. N. fermentation, the oxida¬ 
tion of ammonia by nitrifying bacteria, N. oxide. 


NITRUM 


622 


NOLI ME TANGERE 


an anaesthetic compound, NgO; exhilarating* or 
laughingsgas; nitrogen monoxide; hyponitrous 
oxide; nitrogen protoxide: a colorless, inodor¬ 
ous gas, having a sweet taste, and freely soluble 
in cold water, An.«sthesia, 
ni'trum. = Nitre. N. flam'mans = ammonii ni- 
TRAS. N. saturni'num = PLUMBi NiTRAs*. [L.] 
ni-veau diagnosis (ni-v6). Localization of the level 
of a lesion, as in the spinal cord. [F.] 
nji'mo wood. A yellow-colored wood of Africa, 
containing doundake. Sarcocephalus. 

Nl. Normal length. 

No. Abbr. for L. numero, “number.” 
no-as-the'ni a. Mental debility. 

No'bel prizes. Five yearly prizes, each amounting 
to over $40,000, established by Nobel, the in¬ 
ventor of dynamite, for encouraging work in 
science and medicine. The one for medicine in 
1910 went to Kossel; in 1909 to Kocher; in 1908 to 
Ehrlich and Metchnikoff; in 1907 to Laveran; in 
1906 to Golgi and Ramon y Cajal; in 1905 to 
Koch; in 1904 to Pavlof; in 1903 to Finsen; in 
1902 to Ross; and in 1901 to Behring. [Alfred 
Berhard Nobel, Swedish chemist, 1833-1896.] 
No-bePs (Le) test. A dichroic play of colors resulting 
from bile, zinc chloride, and tincture of iodine, 
no'ble metal. A metal not readily tarnishing, as 
gold, silver, platinum, iridium, osmium, etc. 
No-card’s bacillus. = Bacillus of psittacosis. 
Noct. maneq. Abbr. for noc'te mane'que, “ at night 
and in the morning.” 

noc-tam-bu-la'tion, noc-tam'bu-lism. Sleep-walk¬ 
ing ; somnambulism, f^oc-tam'bu-list. 
noc'te. At night. [L.] 
noc-tid'i al. Lasting a night and a day. 
noc-ti-lu'cine. An unknown substance which pro¬ 
duces phosphorescence of certain animals, 
noc-ti-pho'bi a. A morbid fear of the night and its 
darkness and silence, as in neurasthenia, 
noc-tur'nal. Belonging to the night-time; opera¬ 
ting or occurring by night. N. blindness, 0“ hem¬ 
eralopia; NYCTALOPIA. N. cfisis, the exacerba¬ 
tion of symptoms which occurs at night, as in 
certain cases of insanity. N. emission, an invol¬ 
untary discharge of semen during sleep. N. 
enuresis, incontinence of urine during sleep. N. 
epilepsy, epilepsy in which the attacks occur in 
the night. N. light, hemeralopia ; nycta¬ 
lopia. N. pollution = N. EMISSION, 
noc'u-ous. Injurious; harmful. [< L. woc'mws.] 
no'dal. Pertaining to a node. N. fever, erythema 
nodosum, claimed by Lendon to be an acute spe¬ 
cific infectious fever; febris nodosa. L. Apr. 
14,’06.] N. points. I. Cardinal POINTS. 2. 
Points of juncture of fibrillae, as in the intracel¬ 
lular networks of spongioplasm within protoplasm. 
N. rhythm of Mackenzie, persistent irregularity of 
the pulse and the disappearance of the A wave 
(systole of the auricle) from the tracing of the 
jugular vein. 

nod'ding spasm. A clonic spasm of the sternomas- 
toid and the associated muscles, giving rise to 
nodding or bowing movements, with more or less 
rotation of the head, usually to one side; salaam 
convulsion; spasmus or eclampsia nutans, 
node. A knot, knob, or joint. In pathology, a 
hard, circumscribed tumor on a bone, arising 
from a swelling of the periosteum, and due to 
rheumatic inflammation {gouty w.) or to syphi¬ 
litic periostitis {syphilitic n.) ; a lump or swelling 
on a tendon, ligament, or nerve. The word is 
often used interchangeably with nodosity, nod¬ 


ule, NODULUS, and nodus. Special varieties are 
Albini’s, Bouchnard’s, Endolymphangeal {ea- 
lymph-nodule), Epicardial, Fereol’s, Hay- 
garth’s, Heberden’s, Hensen’s, Katchenko’s, 
Lymph-, Lymphangeal or lymphatic, Meynet’s, 
Parrot’s, Perilymphangeal {t^ lymph-nodule), 
PiEDRic, Ranvier’s, Rheumatic, Schmidt’s, 
Singers’, vSymmetrical, Syphilitic, Teachers' 
{— cHORDiTis tuberosa). Ns. of Ranvier=RAN- 
vier’s nodes. Ns. of the joints = ostearthri- 
Tis. [< L. no'dus.^ no'dose. 

no'di. The plural of nodus. N. digito'rum== 
osTEARTHRiTis. N. lac'tea, swellings of the breast 
caused by retention of milk in the mammary 
ducts. N. nervo'rum, nerve ganglions, 
no-do'sis. The progress or formation of nodes; the 
node disease. 

no-dos'i-ty. i. The state or quality of being no¬ 
dose. 2. A node-like swelling, ts- Node. 
nod'ule. i. A little node; a small, rounded mass; 
a tumor or swelling upon a bone; hillock; collicu¬ 
lus*. 2. The nodulus of the cerebellum. For 
specially named varieties see node. Ns. of Aran- 
tius, the small sesamoid bodies on the periphery 
of the semilunar valves of the aorta and pulmo¬ 
nary artery; corpora arantii; noduli valvularum 
semilunarium {Arantii],*. N. of the cerebellum, 
the most anterior segment of the inferior vermis 
surmounting the uvula. Ns. of Morgagni = Ns. 
OF Arantius. N. of the vermis, a small, rounded 
elevation on the lower surface of the vermis. [< 
L. nod'ulus, dim. of no'dus node.] f^iod'u-lar, 
as N. r/ieMwaA'5m = RHEUMATOID arthritis: N. 
salpingitis, salpingitis marked by the formation of- 
solid nodules, tuberculous salpingitis: N. 
syphilide, a syphilide in the form of a nodule, 
nod'u-late. nod-u-la'tion. nod'u-lose, -lous. 
nod'u-li. The plural of nodulus. N. albi'ni = 
Albini’s nodules. N. aran'tii= nodules of 
Arantius. N. lymphat'ici aggrega'ti [Pey'eri]* 
= Peyer’s glands. N. lymphat'ici liena'les 
[Malpi'ghii]* = Malpighian corpuscles, def. 2. 
N. nervo'rum, ganglia of a nerve. N. valvula'- 
rum semiluna'rium [Aran'tii]*, m- nodule. 
nod'u-lo-der-mi'tis. A nodular inflammatory skin 
disease, cs* Plasodermatoses. 
nod'u-lus. = Nodule. N. lymphat'icus* = lymph- 
nodule. N. ver'mis = NODULE of the vermis. 
no'dus, pi. no'di. A knot; node. N. arthrit'icus 
= GOUT. N. cer'ebri or enceph'ali = pons varo- 
Lii. N. gelatino'sus, nodular accumulations of 
Wharton’s gelatin along the umbilical cord. N. 
guttura'lis, the Adam’s apple. N. thal'ami of 
Luys = SUBTHALAMUS. N. varico'sus, a nodus 
gelatinosus with vascular loops. N. vita'lis = 
RESPIRATION CENTRE. [ L.] 

No'el’s test. A bile pigment test by dipping filter- 
paper in the liquid, drying, and adding nitric 
acid; a play of colors results if bile be present, 
no-e-ma-tach'o-graph, -ta-chom'e-ter. An instru¬ 
ment for recording or measuring the time that 
elapses during mental operations, 
no-e-mat'ic. Relating to the intellect, 
noeud vital (nu vi-tal). = Life-knot. [F.] 
No-gu'chi’s method. Wassermann’s reaction per¬ 
formed with complement, antigen, and haemolytic 
serum preserved dry in bibulous paper, the serum 
acting on human corpuscles so that the patient’s 
blood replaces both serum and sheep’s corpuscles, 
no'li me tan'gere. A malignant disease affecting 
the skin, and sometimes the cartilages, of the 
nose; rodent ulcer; lupus. [L., “ touch me not.”] 


NOMA 


623 


NORMAL 


no^ma. A corroding ulcerous disease attacking the 
cheek or lip and its neighborhood, especially in 
children; cancrum oris; gangrenous stomatitis. 
It is also called cancer aquaiicus (“ watery can¬ 
cer ”) because it is accompanied by a flow of 
saliva and spreads rapidly, often destroying the 
cheek. Organisms similar to those found in 
diphtheria and in Vincent’s angina have been 
described: it sometimes yields to the antitoxin 
of diphtheria or to direct applications of formal¬ 
dehyde. N. vul'vae or puden'di, an ulceration of 
the pudenda. [< vo[jl 7 ] eating.] 
no*ma-ca-co-sto'mi a. Cancerous ulcer of mouth, 
no-mad'ic. Spreading, as gangrene or ulcers. N. 

ulcer, an ulcer that moves from place to place, 
nome. =Noma. 

no'men-cla-ture. The proper arrangement and ap¬ 
plication of a set of distinctive and significant 
words as names of particular objects in science 
or language. Basle anatomical n. [BNA], a list 
of some 4500 anatomical terms accepted at Basle 
in 1895 by the German Anatomical Society as 
most suitable designations for the various parts 
of the human anatomy visible to the naked eye 
no'mus. =Noma. 

non. Not: a term chiefly used as a prefix to denote 
lack of, want of, negativity, and the like, 

A-; IN-; UN-. N. com'pos men'tis, “ not sound of 
mind,” a term applied in law to one who loses 
his intellect by disease, who grows deaf, dumb, 
and blind, not having been bom so, or who, from 
any other cause, is judged by legal authority 
incapable of conducting his own affairs. [L.] 
no^na. A supposed disease of Europe, probably 
a severe form of influenza, typhoid fever, or 
smallpox, having as principal symptom lethargy 
or a deep coma. (^Lethargy; trypanosomi¬ 
asis. [Etymol. uncertain.] 
nonsad-her'ent. Lacking connection or adherence, 
non-al-bu'mi-noid. A nonsproteid, nitrogenous, ani¬ 
mal or vegetable compound of simpler structure 
than a proteid, like the nitrogenous extractive of 
muscular and connective tissue, 
no'nan. Happening every ninth day. 
nonsbac'il-la-ry phthisis. Pulmonary destruction 
due to other causes than bacilli, as dust, etc. 
non com'pos men'tis. Non. 

nonscon-duc'tor. A substance which does not trans¬ 
mit electricity, heat, etc. 

non-dec'ane. A white, waxy substance, C19H4Q, oc¬ 
curring in paraffin from bituminous shale, and 
prepared artificially. 

nonsde-cid'u-ate, -cid'u-ous. Lacking a part to be 
shed or decidua; permanent; not likely to be 
cast off. Decidua. 

nonsdes-quam'a-tive nephritis. ^Nephritis. 
nonsdry'ing oil. An oil which does not oxidize, 
nonses-sen'tial resistance. = External resist¬ 
ance. 

nonsfer-men'ta-ble sugar. =Saccharoid. 
nonsi-den'tist. One who disbelieves in identism. 
no-ni-grav'i-da. A woman in her ninth pregnancy, 
nonsin-fec'ting chancre. A soft chancre. 
nonsin-flam'ma-to-ry oedema. —Angioneurotic 

CEDEM.A. 

no-nip'a-ra. A woman who has brought forth her 
ninth child. [ < L. no'nus ninth + par'ere to bear.] 
nonsma-lig'nant tumor, tm- Tumor. 
nonsmed'ul-la-ted. Without medulla. N. nerves 
fibre, c^NERVEsFiBRE. N. neuroma, tm- neuroma. 
nonsmet'al. An element which is not a metal, 
me-tal'lic. 


nonsnat'u-rals. In the older hygiene the ” six non* 
naturals” were (i) air, (2) food and drink, (3) 
exercise (or rest and motion), (4) sleep and watch¬ 
ing (or waking), (5) excretion and retention, and 
(6) the mind and its affections, 
non'ose. Any carbohydrate having the formula 
CgHjgOg, as mannononose and glucononose. 
nonspar-a-sit'ic sycosis. Coccogenic sycosis. 
nonspro'te-id. ^ Nonsalbuminoid. 
nonsre-straint'. Treatment of the insane without 
the employment of mechanical restraint, 
nonssac'cha-rine diabetes. = Diabetes insipidus. 
nonsspe-cif'ic urethritis. i^Urethritis. 
nonsstalked hydatid. = Hydatid of Morgagni, 
def. 2. 

nonsstri'a-ted. Destitute of stripes. N. muscle, a 
variety of muscular tissue consisting of flattened 
aggregations of spindle*shaped cells which have 
no sarcolemma and are not transversely striated, 
no'nus. The hypoglossal nerve. [L., “ ninth.”] 
non=va'lent. Unable to enter into chemical compo¬ 
sition ; lacking valency, as argon and helium. 
non=vi'a-ble. Unable to live: applied to a prema¬ 
turely born child or one which, for any other 
reason, is incapable of living, 
non'yl. The aliphatic radical, CgHjg. 
non-y-len'ic acid. A liquid substance, CgHjgOj, ob¬ 
tained by heating heptoic aldehyde with acetyl 
compounds; ennenoic acid, 
non-yl'ic acid. An oily substance, CgHjgOj, found 
in volatile oil of Pelargo'nium ro'seum and in fusel 
oil of beetsroot; pelargonic acid; ennoic acid, 
no-ol'o-gy. The science of the mind or of the un¬ 
derstanding. [< voo^ mind-f/dyof treatise.] 
Noor'den (von) treatment, is-O at treatment; von 
Noorden’s dietary. 

noose. A slipsknot ; a looped band fastened to a 
leg or an arm of a child and used for drawing or 
fixing the limb. N. suture, interrupted suture. 
no*os-te-re'sis. Dementia; loss of mental faculties. 
Nooth’s apparatus. An apparatus for impregnating 
water with carbonic acid or other gas. 

Nor'dau’s disease, Nor'dau-ism. Degeneracy, nord'- 
hau-sen sulphuric acid, Pyrosulphuric acid. 
[<Max Nordau, a German sociologist, 1849- .] 

no'ri. A Japanese gelatin used to cultivate protozoa, 
norm. A standard of ideal perfection; a standard 
used in cranial or other measurements, 
nor'ma. A line perpendicular to a plane tangent 
to a skull and defining one of the aspects of the 
skull. N. basila'ris, basa'lis, or infe'rior, the aspect 
of the skull looking toward the base. N. facia'lis 
or fronta'lis, the aspect of the skull looking to¬ 
ward the face. N. latera'lis or tempora'lis, the 
profile view of the skull. N. media'na, the aspect 
of the skull divided by a median anteroposterior 
plane. N. occipita'lis or poster'ior, the aspect of 
the skull looking toward the back. N. sagit- 
ta'lis, the aspect of the skull seen on the median 
sagittal suture. N. vertica'lis or parieta'lis, the 
aspect of the skull looking toward the top. [L.] 
nor'mal. Regular; without any deviation from the 
ordinary structure or function; according to rule. 
N. agglutinin, agglutinin. N. alcohol, a 
primary alcohol; also one in which no carbon 
atom is attached to more than two other car¬ 
bon atoms. N. antitoxin or antitoxic serum, 
a serum of which i Cc. is sufficient to neu¬ 
tralize 100 times the fatal dose of toxin for a 
guinea=pig weighing 250 Gm. N. histology, the 
minute anatomy of normal tissues. ^ Pa¬ 
thology. N. intrasocular tension, ts- intra« 


NORMALIZATION 


024 


NOSO- 


OCULAR TENSION. N. ovariotomy, excision of 
a healthy ovary. N. phosphate, ^ phosphate. 
N. propylamin, ts - propvlamin. N. respiration, 
respiration such as is performed normally by a 
healthy individual, the rate being i6 to 24 per 
minute for adults. N. salt = neutral salt. N. 
salt solution, an aqueous solution containing 
usually 0.85% of sodium chloride; physiological 
salt solution: improperly called decinormal salt 
solution. It resembles in action and osmotic den¬ 
sity most of the body*fluids, so that it may be 
used as an intravenous injection in severe hemor¬ 
rhages without causing haemolysis from disinte¬ 
gration of the red corpuscles, Salt solution. 
N. serum {Behring s), a serum i Cc. of which neu¬ 
tralizes an equal amount of the normal toxin, t. e., 
100 times the fatal dose. N. solution, a solution 
containing in each litre sufficient of a chemical 
substance to unite with one gramme of the re¬ 
placeable hydrogen of an acid. N. sulphate = 
NEUTRAL sulphate. N. temperature, the tem¬ 
perature of the body in a condition of health 
(about 37°C. or 98.6° F.), remaining constant even 
with changes of temperature in the surrounding 
medium. N. unit == antitoxic immunity unit. 
N. urate, ^ urate. N. urobilin, is- urobilin. 
[< L. nor'ma rule.] 

nor'mal-i-za'tion. The process of restoring to a 
normal state or condition. 

nor'mo-blast. A nucleated red corpuscle of the 
size of ordinary red corpuscles: seen in anaemia 
and leukaemia. [< L. nor'ma rule -f ( 3 ?M(rT 6 g 
germ.] 

nor'mo-cyte. i. A normal sized (7.$/^) red blood* 
corpuscle. 2. = Normoblast, fi^or’mo-cy-to'- 
sis, the production'*of normocytes. 

nor-mo-ton'ic. Having a normal muscular contrac¬ 
tion ; relating to the normal physiological work¬ 
ings of a muscle. 

nor-nar'co-tin. An active principle said to be ob¬ 
tained from opium. 

nor-o-pi-an'ic acid. A crystalline substance, 
CgHfiOg, produced by heating opianic acid with 
hydriodic acid. ' 

Nor'ris’s transparent, colorless, or invisible corpus¬ 
cles. Colorless corpuscles occurring in the blood, 
and believed to be decolored red corpuscles. 

north pole, Pole. 

nor-tro'pi-non. A derivative from tropine, C^Hj^NO, 
in the form of a solid, fusible sub.stance which is 
chemically a ketone. 

Norwe'gi an or Nor'way itch. Scabies with the for¬ 
mation of pustules and encrusting of the skin; 
scabies norwegica. N. leprosy = radesyge. 

Nor'wood’s tincture. A 50% tincture of Vera'trum 
vir'ide: now little used. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). 

nos-ae-ti-ol'o-gy. The etiology of disease; the 
science of its cause. 

nos-a-zon-tol'o-gy. The science of the causes of 
disease. [< voad^eadai to fall sick.] 

nose. An organ situated in the middle line of the 
face, above the mouth; nasus*. It consists of 
two symmetrical cavities, separated by the septum 
and lined by mucous membrane. The upper part 
is concerned with the sense of smell and the lower 
part represents the beginning of the respiratory 
tract. £^Al^ nasi; bridge; nasal. N.sbleed 
= epistAxis. N.sbrain, the olfactory lobes, or 
rhinencephalon. N.sbreathing, the normal method 
of inspiration and expiration through the nose. 
N.scough, a reflex cough produced by irritation 
of the mucous membrane of the nose. N.spiece, 


an arrangement by which several objectives can 
be adjusted to a microscope so that change of 
power may be effected without unscrewing the 
objective. 

nose'gay. is- Riolan’s nosegay. 

nos-e-lei'a. The nursing of the sick. 

No-se'ma, pi. nosem'ata. i. Disease or sickness. 
2. A genus of Schizomyce'tes, of which the spe¬ 
cies N. bom'bycis causes pebrine in silk*worms. 
[<i voGTjfia.] fno-se- 
mat'ic. 

nos-en-ceph'a-lus. A 

foetus with an im¬ 
perfect skull, the 
brain being re¬ 
placed, to some ex¬ 
tent, by other tis¬ 
sues. tiios*-en-ce- 
phaTi a. Nose-piece. 

nose'spiece. cr Nose. 

nos*e-raes-the'si a. A general disorder or perver¬ 
sion of the senses or sensation. 

no-se'rous. Unhealthy; morbid; diseased. 

nos'o-. Denoting or signiflcant of disease or illness: 
a combining form. [< voaoc disease.] nos-o- 
ceph'a-lus = nosencephalus. — nos*och-tho- 
nog'ra-phy, medical geography in relation to en¬ 
demic diseases; the description of localities of 
endemic diseases. — nos*och-tho-nol'o-gy, nosol¬ 
ogy in relation to geography.— nos-o-co'mi um, a 
hospital or infirmary for the sick. f^^os-o-co'- 
mi al, as N. gangrene = hospital gangrene. — 
nos-o-crat'ic, having power over a certain disease; 
specific.— nos'ode, an isopathic remedy.— nos-o- 
do'chi um = hospital. — nos-o-gen'e-sis, no-sog'- 
e-ny, nos-o-ge'ni a, the production and progress 
of disease ; pathogenesis.— nos*o-ge-og'ra-phy = 
NosocHTHONOGRAPHY. — nos*og-no-mon'ic, diag¬ 
nostic ; pathognomonic. — no-sog'o-ny = noso- 
genesis. tno-sog'o-nous. — no-sog'ra-phy, a 
description of diseases, their characters, nature, 
and course, fno-sog'ra-pher. — nos-o-hae'mi a, 
disease of the blood.— nos’osin-tox-i-ca'tion, auto* 
intoxication caused by products generated during 
alterations of the normal processes of metabolism. 
— no-sol'o-gy, the doctrine or science of diseases; 
that science or system which treats of the classifi¬ 
cation of diseases, is - Pathology, fi^os-o-log'i- 
cal. no-sol'o-gist. — nos-o-ma'ni a. i. Insane 
belief that one is ill or diseased. 2 . = Nosopho¬ 
bia. — nos*o-my-co'sis, a diseased state due to the 
presence of pathogenic fungi.— no-son'o-my. i. 
The science of the laws of disease. 2. The nomen¬ 
clature of diseases. — nos-o-par'a-site, a micro* 
organism producing a complication of a disease 
or an intercurrent malady.— nos'o-phen, tet- 
ra*iodophenolphthalein, CgH4.C202.(CgH2l20H)2, 
an odorless, tasteless, yellow powder, soluble in 
alkalies and slightly so in alcohol, ether, and 
chloroform, but not in water ; iodophen; antiseptic 
for wounds and ulcers and used internally in 
intestinal and gastric catarrh. Dose, 0.3 to 0.5 
Gm. (5 to 8 grs.). — nos-o-pho'bi a, morbid fear 
of disease or some special kind of disease; noso¬ 
mania ; pathophobia. — no-soph'y-ta, a group of 
cutaneous affections in which a fungous formation 
constitutes an essential part of the disease. Such 
diseases are termed parasitic. — nos'o-phyte, a 
pathogenic species of vegetation.— nos’o-phy-to- 
der'ma, any disease caused by the growth of 
parasitic plants on the skin. — nos*o-poi-et'ic, 
producing disease.— nos'o-tax-y, the classification 





NOSTALGIA 


625 


NUCITE 


ot disease; nosology; nosonomy. — nos*o-tox-i- 
co'sis, poisoning by retained pathological prod¬ 
ucts which normally are eliminated by the urine, 
etc.— nos-o-tox'in, a toxin produced in the body 
as the result of diseasesprocesses or by a patho¬ 
genic micro-organism, tnos-o-tox-ic'i-ty. nos- 
o-tox'ic. — nos-o-tro'phi a, no-sot'ro-phy. i. The 
nourishment or diet of disease. 2. Nursing of 
the sick, fnos-o-troph'ic. 
aos-tal'gi a, nos-tal'gy. An intense longing to re¬ 
turn to one’s native country, in higher degrees 
a form of melancholia {melancholia nostalgica ); 
longing for home; homesickness, Apodemi- 
ALGiA. [< voaretv to come home - 1 - dXjog pain.] 
tnos-tal'gic. 

Nos'toc. A genus of gelatinous algae. 
nos-toTo-gy. = Geratology. 
nos-to-ma'ni a. A kind of madness, forming the 
highest degree of nostalgia, 
nos'to-site. A parasite situated within or upon its 
permanent nest. 

nos'trate. Endemic. [< L. nos'ter our.] 
nos'tril. One of the anterior nares. 
nos'trum. Any quack or patent medicine, Pro¬ 
prietary preparation; secret remedy. [L.] 
no'ta. A mark. [< L. tios'cere to know.] N. con- 
gen'ita or mater'na = n^vus maternus. N. 
primiti'va = PRIMITIVE streak. 
no'tal. Relating to the back; dorsal, 
no-tal'gi a. Pain in the back; lumbago. [< vibrnv 
back pain.] tiiO"t3.1'gic. 

no'tan-en-ce-pha'li a, no’tan-ce-phaTi a. Congenital 
absence of the back of the skull: often associ¬ 
ated with an abnormal condition of the encepha¬ 
lon, which may be replaced by vascular tissue, 
no-tas'pis. = Primitive streak. 
no-ta'tion. The act, art, or practice of indicating 
or representing anything by marks, symbols, or 
signs. Chemical notation is a system of abbrevi¬ 
ating and condensing statements of chemical com¬ 
position of bodies and their changes by symbols 
and formulas. [< L. nota'tio, fr. no'ta mark.] 
notch. A depression or indentation on the circum¬ 
ference or edge of certain bones and other organs, 
as the liver, brain, heart, etc.; incisura*. N. of 
Rivinus, a groove in the bony ring to which the 
membrana tympani is attached, 
note'sblind-ness. A form of aphasia marked by 
inability to understand musical notation, 
no-ten-ceph'a-lo-cele. Protrusion of the brain from 
a cleft in the back of the head, 
no-ten-ceph'a-lus. A monster foetus with the brain 
in a hernial mass on the back of the head or in 
the nape of the neck. -j-no-ten-ce-phaTi a. 
Nothnagel’s symptom or sign (not'na-gdz). Paral¬ 
ysis of the muscles of the face, especially marked 
in movements connected with the emotions and 
less so with the voluntary movements: it has been 
found associated with tumor of the optic thala¬ 
mus. N.’s test, a test (not wholly reliable) to 
ascertain the direction of the bowel in operations: 
a crystal of sodium chloride laid upon the ser¬ 
ous surface of any portion of the intestine causes 
ascending peristalsis, 
no'throus. Torpid; slow; drowsy, 
no'thus. False; spurious. [< v 66 og illegitimate.] 
no-ti-al'gi a. =Notalgia. 

no'ti-fi-a-ble. Said of contagious diseases which are 
required by boards of health to be recorded. [< 
L. notifica're to make known.] fno-ti-fi-ca'tion. 
no'to-. Relating to the back-bone or the back: a 
combining form. [< pwtov back.] no'to-chord, 
40 


the primitive or embryonic organ which defines 
the primitive axis of the vertebrate embryo; the 
“ Anlage” of the back-bone; the chorda dorsalis: 
its remains form the spongy substance in the 
centre of the intervertebral disks. t*io-to-chor'- 
dal, as N. groove, a furrow on the ventral surface 
of the entoderm, the sides of which come together 
to form the notochord: N. regtbu = basicranial 
REGION. — no-to-glos'sus, the lingualis superfici- 
alis muscle.— no-tom'e-lus, a monster with ac¬ 
cessory limbs attached to the back. — no*to-my- 
e-li'tis, inflammation of the spinal cord. — no-to- 
my'e-lus, the medulla spinalis, or spinal marrow. 
— no'to-phore, a monster with spina bifida.— no- 
top-sy'che, the spinal cord, 
nour'ish-ment. i. Nutriment; food. 2. Sustenta 
tion; nutrition. [< L. nutri're to feed.] 
no'var-gan. A proprietary silver proteid or albu¬ 
minate: used as a bactericide and antiseptic, 
no-vas'pi-rin. A disalicylic-acid ester of methylene- 
citric acid; methylene-citrylsalicylic acid: it 
contains 62% of salicylic acid. Dose, i Gm. (15 
grs.). Aspirin. 

no'vo-ca-ine. Para-aminobenzoyldiethylamino»eth- 
anol hydrochloride, a synthetic anaesthetic used 
for infiltration anaesthesia. Dose, o.oi to o.i Gm. 
to 14 grs.) in i to 2% solution for injection, 
no-vo-re'nal. A solution of novocaine and adrena¬ 
lin: used for infiltration anaesthesia, 
nox, gen. noc'tis. Night. [L. ] 
nox'a. An injurious agent; the cause of disease, 
especially a pathogenic micro-organism. [L.] 
nox'ious. Baneful; hurtful; pernicious, 
noy-au. A West Indian cordial, flavored with the 
kernels of Cer'asus occidenta'lis, a cherry; peach- 
kernels, etc., are also used. 

Nsrays. Alleged waves of short length which may 
be reflected, polarized, refracted, and transmitted, 
and are said to form part of the invisible spec¬ 
trum of sunlight between the heat and electric 
rays, and to increase the brightness of an electric 
spark. [ So called from Nancy, France, the place 
of their discovery by Blondlot in 1903.] 

Nu angle. The angle between the radius fixus and 
a line joining the hormion and the nasion. 
nuance (nii-ans). A modification of a color caused 
by the addition of a quantity of another color 
not sufficient to change the tone; a shade; a 
shade of tone or sound. [F.] 
nu-bec'u-la. A slight cloudiness or opacity, as of 
the cornea or of the urine; nephelium. 
nu-bil'i-ty. The state of being marriageable and 
fit to procreate healthy children. fiiu'bile. 
nu'cha. The nape or back part of the neck. [L.] 
nu'chal. Belonging to the nucha. N. fossa, the 
depression at the back of the neck extending 
downward from the occipital protuberance; fovea 
nuchae*. N. ligament = ligamentum NUCHi®. 
N. line, inferior, the inferior curved line. N. 
line, middle = OCCIPITAL crest. N. line, supe¬ 
rior, the superior curved line. N. plane, the 
surface of the occiput between the foramen mag¬ 
num and the superior curved line. N. region, the 
region of the nape of the neck; regio nuchae''^. N. 
tubercle, the prominence at the back of the neck 
caused by the projection of the seventh cervical 
vertebra. 

nu-cif'er-ous. Bearing nuts. [< L. nux."] 
nu'cin. =Juglone. 

nu'cis. “ Of a nut.” [L., gen. of nux nut.] 
nu'cite, nu'cit. A carbohydrate, CgHijOg-f 4H,0, 
from walnut leaves: similar to inosite. 


NUCKIAN DUCT 


626 


NUCLEO- 


nuck'i an duct. An excretory duct of the orbital 
gland of the dog. 

Nuck’s canal. The canal formed by Nuck’s diver¬ 
ticulum. N.’s diverticulum, a pouch of perito¬ 
neum covering the round ligament of the uterus 
and extending into the inguinal canal of the 
young female. N.’s glands = Nuhn’s glands. 
[< Anton Nuck, a Dutch anatomist, 1669-1742.] 
nu'cle ar. Relating to, of the nature of, or con¬ 
stituting a nucleus: especially applied to the gray 
matter of the spinal marrow and medulla oblon¬ 
gata. N. cap, a cone-shaped mass hollowed out in¬ 
ternally like a cap, corresponding to one pole of 
the nucleus upon which it rests and capable of 
being stained. N. cataract, cataract in which the 
central portion of the lens becomes hard; axial 
cataract; a form usually met with in old people. 
N. cell, a nerve-cell which consists of a nucleus 
surrounded by a thin layer of protoplasm giving 
off spreading branches; seen especially in the 
sensory area of the cerebral cortex. N. convolu¬ 
tion, a fold of gray matter in the olivary body; 
Rauber’s convolution. N. fibrils, the interlacing 
fibres, composed of the chromatin and linin, which 
form the framework of a cell-nucleus. N. figures, 
the various figures formed by the chromatin fibres 
during karyokinesis. N. fluid = nucleoplasm. N. 
juice = ACHROMATiN. N. layer, inner, that layer 
of the retina which lies between the inner and the 
outer molecular layer. N. layer, outer, that layer 
of the retina which lies between the outer 
molecular layer and the membrana limitans. 
N. matrix = ACHROMATIN. N. membrane, the 
membrane that encloses the nucleus of a cell. 
N. ophthalmoplegia, ophthalmoplegia due to 
some lesion of the nuclei of origin of the motor 
nerves of the eyeball. N. paralysis, paralysis due 
to lesion of the nuclei of cranial nerves. N. plate 

= EQUATORIAL PLATE. N. protoplasm = NUCLE¬ 
OPLASM. N. remains = RING-BODIES. N. sap = 
HYALOPLASM. N. spiudle, the spindle-shaped 
arrangement of achromatin fibres which appears 
within the nucleus during karyokinesis. N. stain, 
a stain which colors the nuclei, but not the proto¬ 
plasm, of a cell. It may be direct, when it colors 
the nucleus only, indirect, when it stains the entire 
tissue, so that the color must be removed from 
the protoplasm in order that the nuclei may be 
differentiated. N. substance, the chromatin of a 
cell. N. zone, the equatorial belt formed around 
the crystalline lens by the nuclei of the youngest 
superficial fibres. [< L. nu'cleus kernel.] 
nu'cle-ase. i. A bacteriolytic enzyme: so called 
because of its ability to disintegrate nucleopro- 
teids or nucleic acid produced from them. 2. An 
enzyme found in Bacil'lus pyocya'neus. 
nu'cle-a-ted. Having nuclei: applied to cells of 
organized tissue. N. capsule, the enclosing sheath 
of a nerve-cell in a ganglion. It is formed by the 
neurilemma of a nerve-fibre which passes through 
the ganglion, and from which at that point the 
medullary substance has disappeared. N. cell, 
any cell containing a nucleus, 
nu'cle-i. The plural of nucleus. 
nu-cle'ic acid. = Nucleinic acid. 
nu'cle-ide. A compound of nucleol and a metallic 
oxide, as of iron, copper, etc. 
nu'cle-i-form. Resembling a nucleus, 
nu'cle-in. The phosphorized proteid or nitrogenous 
substance, C29H49N9P3O22. found in cell-nuclei. 
It is believed to furnish the functional activity of 
the cell. Hoppe-Seyler divides nucleins into 


nucleins (true nucleins), and pseudo- or para- 
nucleins. On the theory that the immunizing 
and active part of an extract lies in the nuclein 
of its cells, nuclein from various glands and from 
blood-serum is used in the treatment of various 
diseases (A. therapy). N. bodies or bases, i®- purin. 
Ferric n. = ferratogen. N.splates, a name for 
blood-plates because of their chemical combina¬ 
tion of proteid and nuclein. N. therapy, lar 
NUCLEIN. Yeastsn., a nuclein-like substance, 
C4oH59Nig022(P205)2. obtained from yeast: be¬ 
lieved to have germicidal properties. 

nu'cle-i-nate. A soluble, white powder used as an 
aid to diagnosis in tuberculosis. Dose, 2 to 3 
Gm. (30 to 45 grs.). 

nu-cle-in'ic acid. A whitish powder, C49H54Nj4027P4, 
the chief constituent of nuclein; nucleic acid: used 
as a nervine. Dose, 0.05 Gm. (| gr.). Yeast; 

PROTONUCLEIN. 

nu'cle-o-. Relating to a nucleus or nuclein: a com¬ 
bining form. [ < L. nux a nut or kernel.] nu*- 
cle-osal-bu'min, any one of a class of nucleins 
obtainable from cell-protoplasm; paranuclein; 
pseudonuclein. They differ from nucleoproteids 
by containing a higher percentage of albumin and 
the presence of paranucleic acid, which forms no 
xanthin bodies. — nu*cle-osal-bu-mi-nu'ri a, the 
presence of nucleo-albumin in the urine.— nu*cle- 
osal'bu-mose, partially hydrated nucleo-albumin, 
which has been found in the urine in osteomala¬ 
cia.— nu*cle-o-chy-lem'a, the non-reticulated or 
sap-like portion of the nucleus.— nu'cle-o-chyme 
= HYALOPLASM. — nu-cle-of'u-gal, moving away 
from a nucleus.— nu-cle'o-gen, a compound of 
nucleinic acid with iron and arsenic.— nu*cle-o- 
his'ton. I. A compound of nuclein and histon 
found in the leucocytes of the blood. As the 
coagulation of blood is induced by nuclein and 
hindered by histon, its fluidity is supposed to be 
dependent on the integrity of the compound 
formed by the two bodies. 2. A white, albumi¬ 
noid powder obtained from the lymph and thymus 
glands of calves: used as a bactericide. It is sol¬ 
uble in water, alkalies, and mineral acids.— nu‘- 
cle-o-hy'a-lo-plasm, parachromatin of the cell- 
nucleus.— nu'cle-oid. i. =Nucleiform. 2. A 
fine granular or fibrillary substance found in the 
red corpuscles and derived from the original nu¬ 
cleus.— nu‘cle-o-ker'a-tin, a keratin found in the 
nervous system.— nu'cle-ol, a pure nuclein from 
yeast which forms soluble compounds with metal¬ 
lic salts.— nu'cle-ole = nucleolus. — nu-cle'o- 
lid, a corpuscle resembling a nucleolus, but not of 
precisely the same nature.— nu‘cle-o-li’nus, -ol'u- 
lus, the nucleus of a nucleolus.— nu-cle‘o-lo-nu'- 
cle-us, a nuclear mass within a nucleus.— nu-cle'- 
o-lus, pi. nucle'oli, a little nucleus; a small nucle¬ 
oid body sometimes seen within a cell-nucleus. 
Secondary n., an apparently separated portion of 
a nucleolus, sometimes seen near it. 
lar. nu-cle'o-late. nu-cle'o-loid.— nu’cle-o-mi'- 
cro-some, any one of the minute segments which 
constitute the nuclear fibres of chromatin.— nu'- 
cle-on. I. = Paranucleon. 2. A substance de¬ 
rivable from casein. t*iU"Cle-on'ic. — nu-cle-op'- 

c-tal, seeking the nucleus, especially as N. move¬ 
ments, the movements of the male pronucleus 
toward the female pronucleus.— nu'cle-o-plasm. 
I . The more fluid part or protoplasm of the nu¬ 
cleus. 2. = Chromatin, fi^u-cle-o-plas-mat'ic, 
nu*cle-o-plas'mic, nu*cle-o-plas'tic. — nu*cle-o- 
pro'te-id, any one of a group of proteid com- 


NUCLEUS 


627 


NUMBNESS 


pounds which includes those yielding true nucle¬ 
ins on pepsin digestion, and those yielding, besides 
proteids, xanthin bases upon boiling with dilute 
mineral acids. They are widely diffused in the 
animal body and form chiefly in the celbnuclei. 
IS- Nucleosalbumin.— nu*cle-o-re-tic'u-lum, a 
rete or network within a nucleus.— nu'cle-ose, 
any albumose belonging to the class of vegetable 
nucleo=albumins.— nu'cle-o-spin*dle = nuclear 
SPINDLE. — nu*cle-o-ther'a-py, nuclein. — nu’- 
cle-o-thy-min'ic acid, a proprietary powder from 
nucleinic acid or the pancreas of the calf.— nu*- 
clc-o-tox'in, a toxin derived from celbnuclei; a 
toxin injurious to celbnuclei. 
nu'cle-us, pi. nu'clet. i. A kernel; a core; the hard, 
distinct, central part of a body around which the 
other parts lie. 2. A small, spherical body 
in the interior of a cell, which is its essen¬ 
tial and active part in reproduction. 3. Any 
mass of gray matter in the central nervous system 
with distinct relations and functions. For vari¬ 
eties of nuclei other than those given below see 
the adjectives, as Auditory, Oculomotor, etc., and 
proper names, as Bechterew’s, Bedard's, etc. 
Nuclear. N. abducen'tis (abdu'cens), a gray 
mass at the origin of the abducent nerve, situated 
in the lower part of the pons, near the floor of 
the fourth ventricle and near the median line; 
nidus abducentis; n. of the sixth nerve; n. ner- 
vi abducentis"*^. N. accesso'rius acus'tici = ac¬ 
cessory AUDITORY NUCLEUS. N. accesso'rius 
trigem'ini, a mass of nervescells in the gray mat¬ 
ter of the floor of the fourth ventricle, contributing 
fibres to the motor root of the fifth nerve. N. 
ambig'uus*, the largescelled nucleus of the glosso¬ 
pharyngeal nerve situated in the medulla oblon¬ 
gata between the nucleus lateralis and the exter¬ 
nal accessory olive; motor nucleus; large^celled 
nucleus. N. amyg'dalae* (amygdalaefor'mis) , a 
projection of gray matter at the lower end of the 
descending horn of the lateral ventricle of the 
brain; amygdaloid nucleus or tubercle. N. angu- 
la'ris = Bechterew’s nucleus. N. anterolate- 
ra'lis, one of the nuclei of the lateral column. N. 
arcifor^mis, a small mass of gray matter on the sur¬ 
face of the anterior pyramid of the oblongata. N. 
arcua^tus, a nucleus of gray matter in the thalamus 
dorsad from the nucleus ruber*. N. cauda'- 
tus*, that portion of the corpus striatum which is 
partly visible within the lateral ventricle of the 
brain; caudaten. N.centra'lis = corpus denta- 
TUM. N. cochlea'ris = ACCESSORY auditory nu¬ 
cleus. N. cunea'tus, a mass of gray matter in 
the medulla oblongata, formed by the upward 
continuation of the cuneate fasciculus; Bur- 
dach’s nucleus; cuneate nucleus; nucleus funiculi 
cuneati*. N. denta'tus*,|^ plicated, gray lamina 
embedded in the central trunk of each hemi¬ 
sphere of the cerebellum; dentate nucleus. N. 
dorsaflis [Stillin'gi, Clark'i]* = Clarke’s col¬ 
umn, def. I. N. embolifor'mis*, a mass of gray 
matter lying between the nucleus dentatus and 
the nucleus fastigii within the cerebellum; em- 
boliform nucleus. N. facia'lis, a nucleus in the 
pons supplying the frontalis and orbicularis pal¬ 
pebrarum muscles. N. fasti'gii*, a flat mass of 
gray matter in the cerebellum, on each side of 
the superior vermis and immediately over the 
roof of the fourth ventricle: fastigatum; roof 
nucleus. N. fimbria'tus = corpus dentatum. N. 
funic^uli cunea'ti* = N. cuneatus. N. funic'- 
uli gra'cilis*, the tract of gray matter contained 


in the eminentia gracilis or clava; nucleus graci> 
lis; nucleus of Goll’s column: postpyramidal nu¬ 
cleus. N. funic'uli ter'etis, a group of cells in the 
lower border of the pons varolii, on the mesial 
site of the chief auditory nucleus. N. globo'sus* 
(globulifor'mis), a mass of gray matter in the 
cerebellum, between the nucleus dentatus and 
the nucleus fastigii, and near the latter; globu¬ 
lus ; spherical nucleus; globic nucleus. N. gra'¬ 
cilis =N. funiculi gracilis*. N. hypothala'- 
micus [corpus Luysi] * = subthalamus. N. 
isomerism, ts- isomerism. N. juxtasoliva'ris, an 
accessory olivary nucleus. N. latera'lis, that 
part of the cornu of the cord which ascends in 
the medulla oblongata behind the olivary body. 
N. lentifor'mis* (lenticula'ris) = lenticular nu¬ 
cleus. N. len'tis*, nucleus of crystalline lens. N. 
magnocellula'ris = Deiters’s nucleus. N. ner'- 
vi abducen'tis* = N. abducentis. N. ner'vi 
hypoglos'si*, nucleus of hypoglossal nerve; hypo¬ 
glossal nucleus. It consists of a columnar tract 
of large multipolar nervescells and is situated in 
the cinerea of the terete funicle in the inferior 
triangle of the fourth ventricle. N. ner'vi ocu- 
lomoto'rii* = OCULOMOTOR nucleus. N. of Bur- 
dach’s column = N. cuneatus. N. of Goll’s 
column = N. funiculi gracilis*. N. of origin, 
any collection of ganglion^cells from which the 
fibres or part of the fibres of a nerve originate. 
N. of ovum = germinal vesicle. N. oliva'ris 
accesso'rius dorsa'lis* (media'lis)*, olivary 
NUCLEUS, ACCESSORY. N. oHva'ris infe'rior*, ^ 
OLIVARY NUCLEUS. N. pon'tis. One of the many 
scattered masses of gray matter in the ventral 
portion of the pons; pontile nucleus; nidus pon- 
tis. N. pulpo'sus* (polypo'sus) , the pulpy matter 
in the centre of the intervertebral disks. N. 
pyramida'lis, the inner accessory olivary nu¬ 
cleus. N. quin'tus, the nucleus of the trigeminal 
nerve. N. ru'ber*, the red nucleus of the tegmen¬ 
tum; a reddish mass in the tegmentum of the 
crus cerebri; tegmental nucleus. N. taeniaefor'mis 
= CLAUSTRUM. N. tcgmen'ti = N. ruber*. N. 
vestibula'ris = Bechterew’s nucleus. [L., fr. 
nux nut.] 

nu'co-tine. =Laureol. 

nu'dil. A dossil or pledget of medicated wool, lint, 
or cotton. 

Nu'el’s space. The triangular space in Corti’s or¬ 
gan between the outer hairscells and the outer 
rods. 

Nuhn’s glands (noon). Acinous glands at the apex 
of the tongue, near the median line; anterior lin¬ 
gual glands; Bauhin’s glands; Blandin’s glands; 
Nuck’s glands. 

nui'sance. In medical jurisprudence, something 
injurious, offensive, or noxious: also of persons, 
nuke. The nape of the neck; nucha. N.sbone, the 
occipital bone, or its basilar portion, 
nul'ler. An animal resistant to a certain disease, 
as the rat to tumor implantation, 
nul-lip'a-ra. A woman who has never borne a child. 

Multipara. [< L. nul'lus nonepa'rere to 
bear.] fnul-li-par'i-ty. nul-lip'a-rous. 
nul-lip'o-rus. Having no pores on their surface: 

applied to certain plants and animals, 
num'ber six. =Hot drops. 

num'bersforms. Certain outlines which some peo¬ 
ple involuntarily associate with certain numbers, 
numb'ness. Partial anaesthesia. 0-Obdormition; 
TORPOR. Waking n. = ACROPARiESTHESIA. [< 

A. S, ni'ntan to t9.ke.] tnurob. 


NUMERICAL APERTURE 


628 


NUTRIX 


au-mer'i-cal aperture. The trigonometrical sine of 
half the angle of the largest cone of light rays 
from a single point that a dry objective can 
receive; in the 
case of an immer¬ 
sion lens, the same 
figure multiplied 
by the refractive 
index of the me¬ 
dium; abbr. n.a. 

The illumination, 
or total number of 
light rays which 
pass through an ob¬ 
jective, is propor¬ 
tional to the square 
of the numerical 
aperture. N. atro¬ 
phy, ATROPHY. 

N. hypertrophy, 

HYPERTROPHY. 

uum'mu-lar, num'mi-form, num'mu-la-ted. Per¬ 
taining to or resembling a coin or piles of coins: 
sometimes applied to thick, roundish sputa in 
pulmonary tuberculosis, and also to the arrange¬ 
ment of the red bloodscorpuscles in rouleaux. N. 
syphilide = syphiloderma papulosquamosum. 
[< L. num'mulus coin.] fnum-mu-la'tion. 
nunc. Now. [L.] 

nun-na'tion. The frequent use of the n sound in 
speech. [< nun the Ar. name for the letter «.] 
Nunn’s gorged corpuscles. Large epithelial cells 
found in certain ovarian cysts which have under¬ 
gone a high degree of fatty degeneration: Ben¬ 
nett’s corpuscles. 

Nu'phar ad'vena or kalmia'na. The splatterdock 
or yellow pond=lily of North America: a poultice 
of the roots is'used for carbuncles. N. lu'teum 
= NYMPHyEA LUTEA, from the rhizomes of which 
is obtained nu'phar-ine, an amorphous alkaloid, 
nurse. One who has the care of an infant, or a sick 
person under the direction of a physician. Day=n., 
one on duty during the day. Dry=n., one who 
takes care of a child but does not suckle it. 
Nightsn., one on duty during the night. Regis¬ 
tered n., a nurse whose qualifications are passed 
on by the state or by some competent board of 
inquiry. "Wetan., a nurse engaged to suckle the 
infant of another. N.’s contracture, Trousseau’s 
term for tetany in women who are giving suck, 
tnur'sing, as N.=^hoUle, a bottle from which an 
artificially fed infant takes its food, nur'sling, a 
child nourished at the breast. 

Nuss'baum’s cell. An epithelial cell of unknown 
formation: one of the four kinds forming the 
peptic glands. N.’s narcosis, the condition pro¬ 
duced by a full dose of morphine followed by the 
inhalation of chloroform. 

nut. The seed of a fruit which is enclosed in a hard, 
bony shell. [< A. S. hnu'tu.'] 
nu'tant. Nodding; drooping. N. spasm= nodding 
SPASM. [< L. nu'tans, fr. nuta're to nod.] 
nu-ta'tion. i. A nodding, as of the head. 2. The 
normal anteversion of the womb in the second 
month of gestation. N. of the sacrum, slight ro¬ 
tation of the sacrum on its transverse axis, fnu- 
ta'tor, literally, a nodder, as N. cap'itis, the ster- 
nocleidomastoideus muscle, 
nutsbone. The sesamoid bone at the back of the 
pastern joint of a horse. 

nut'gall. = Galla*. N. ointment = unguentum 
CALL^*. Tincture of n. = tinctura gall^*. 


nut'grass. A North American species of sedge: the 
aromatic root has been used in medicine, 
nut'meg. The seed of various species of My- 
RisTiCA*. N. balsam or cerate, Bal'samunt 
nucis'tcB of the G. P., a mixture of nutmeg butter, 
6 parts; olive oil, 2 parts; and yellow wax, i part. 
N. butter, expressed oil of nutmeg; a solid, unc¬ 
tuous, orange=brown substance, obtained from 
nutmegs by heat and expression. It consists of 
volatile oil of nutmeg, over 4%; myristicin, 70%; 
and other fatty bodies. N. flower = Nigella 
SATivA. N. liver, a liver presenting upon sec¬ 
tion a mottled appearance, caused by disinte¬ 
gration and pigmentation of the hepatic cells 
and due to congestion of the central portion of 
the lobule with fatty changes in the periphery; 
hepar moschatiforme; passive hyperaemia of the 
liver. It occurs chiefly in heart disease, fatty in¬ 
filtration, and amyloid disease. N. tree c=Tor- 

REYA CALIFORNICA. 

nu'tone. A nutritive tonic said to consist of malt* 
extract, cod*liver oil, beef*juice, glycerol emul¬ 
sion, sodium and calcium hypophosphite, and 
tincture of nux vomica. 

nu'tra-bin. A brown dietetic powder, from pro- 
teids of milk and beef: flavored with vanilla, 
nu-tres'cin. A substance supposed to furnish the 
nutrition of the cell and to be split off from the 
bioplasm molecule. 

nu'tri ant. A drug which affects metabolic processes, 
nu'trient. i. Nutritious; nourishing. 2. A nutri¬ 
tious substance. N. artery, i. = Medullary 
ARTERY, def. I. 2. A branch of the brachial ar¬ 
tery to the humerus. 3. A branch of the anterior 
interosseous artery to the radius. 4. A branch 
of the interosseous to the ulna. 5. An offshoot 
of the middle perforating branch of the profunda 
femoris to the femur. 6. A branch of the obtu¬ 
rator artery to the ilium. 7. A branch of the 
' posterior tibial artery to the tibia. 8. A branch 
of the suprascapular artery to the clavicle. N. 
channels = HAVERSIAN canals. N. enema, an 
injection of nutrient fluid into the rectum for the 
purpose of maintaining the strength of the system 
when, for any reason, food cannot be taken into the 
stomach. N. foramen, a canal in a bone trans¬ 
mitting the nutrient vessels to the medullary cav¬ 
ity. N. media, substances used for the cultivation 
of bacteria; culture media. N. vessels, vessels 
supplying the interior of bones. [< L. nu'triens.] 
nu-tril'i-ty. The ability of a cell or tissue to take 
part in nutrition. 

nu'tri-ment. Nourishment. [< L. to nour¬ 

ish.] tiiU“tri'men. nu-tri-men'tal. 
nu'trin. i. A proprietary nutrient of fats, albumin, 
phosphorus, etc. 2. A meat preparation, 
nu-tri'tion. The Assimjjation or identification of 
nutritive matter to or with the organs. N.s 
centres, nerve=centres said to exist in the base¬ 
ment membrane of mucous membranes. N. 
treatment, treatment by nourishing diet, as in 
pneumonia. [ < L. nutri'tio, fr. nutri're to nour¬ 
ish.] tnu-tri'tion-al. nu-tri'tious. nu'tri-to-ry. 
nu'tri-tive, as N. canal = Haversian canal: N. 
enema = Nutrient enema: N. exchange, the 
molecular succession of womsout tissue by new 
material: N. vitellus it'EL hvs nutritivus. 
nu-tri-to'ri um. The apparatus of nutrition, con¬ 
sidered as a unit or a single piece of mechanism, 
nu'trix. i. One who has the charge and suckling 
of an infant; wet*nurse. 2. A nurse or attendant 
upon the sick or infirm. 



Object, covered with a glass 
slip ABGC. DEF. Front lens 
of objective of microscope, 
showing oil immersion on 
one side of the diagram, and 
an air space on the other. 
Notice the difference in the 
angles GAB and GAC. 






NUTROLACTIS 


629 


NYXIS 


nu-tro-lac'tis. A proprietary galactagogue said to 
be composed of 3 parts each of the fluidextracts 
of Gale'ga ofjicina'lis and G. appolin'ea and i part 
of G. tcphro'sia. 

nu'trose. Sodium caseinate, containing 65% of 
proteids: used as a dietetic. 

nux, pi. nu'ces. A nut; also, a popular name for 
nux vomica. N. aromat'ica (moscha'ta) = nut¬ 
meg. N. vom'ica*, the dried, ripe seed of Strych'- 
nos nux^vom'ica 
Linn6 (Fam. Lo~ 
gania'cecB), yield¬ 
ing, when assayed 
by the U. S. P. 
process, not less 
than 1.25% of 
strychnine. It 
contains several 
alkaloids, the 
most important 
being strych¬ 
nine and BRU¬ 
CINE, upon which 
the action of the 
drug depends. It 
has been used as 
a bitter tonic in 
dyspepsia to stim¬ 
ulate gastric di¬ 
gestion and also 
in intermittents 
and other fevers 
in which powerful 
tonics are indi¬ 
cated. It is a 
stimulant to the 
heart and to the respiratory and motor centres of 
the cord. Nux vomica is also used in chronic 
constipation, amaurosis from tobacco or alcohol, 
atony of the bladder, lead palsy, shock, chloro¬ 
form and opium poisoning, dyspnoeic conditions, 
etc. Its use, however, is dangerous except in 
small doses. In large quantities it usually proves 
speedily fatal, death being preceded by spasms, 
and sometimes by permanent muscular contrac¬ 
tion. Dose, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.). Extractum 

NUCIS VOMICA*; FLUIDEXTRACTUM NUCIS VOMI¬ 
CA*’, TINCTURA NUCIS VOMICA*. 

nyc-tal'gi a. Pain occurring chiefly at night or 
during sleep, as the osteocopic pains of syphilitic 
osseous lesions. 

nyc-ta-lo'pi a, nyc‘ta-lo-pi'a-sis. A condition in 
which objects are clearly seen by daylight but 
become invisible in the shade or twilight; night* 
blindness. It is sometimes met with in scurvy. 
The word was used in this sense by the early 
Latin and Greek writers, and has been adopted 
in this sense into the Nomenclature of Diseases 
of the Royal College of Physicians. Modern 
usage, as shown by Dr. Greenhill and Mr. Tweedy, 
is, however, almost universally the reverse, the 
word being given the sense of day*blindness, i. e., 
hyperaesthesia of the retina, which diminishes the 
power of vision during the day and causes it to 
be normal or better than normal when under the 
influence of a faint light, as at dusk or at night. 
i»-H emeralopia. [< vyKraTiCjif , fr. vv ^ night + 
a?M 6 g blind -f- (oip eye.] fnyc'ta-lope or nyc'ta- 
lops. nyc-ta-lo'pic. 

nyc*tam-bly-o'pi a. Imperfection or weakness of 
vision at night. 

Nyctan'thes ar'bor tris'tis. An East Indian plant 



Microscopical Appearance of 
Nux Vomica. 


used in fevers, rheumatic conditions, etc. [TI Praci. 
Med., Delhi, iv, 7, ’06.] 

nyc-te-ger'si a. A sudden waking associated with 
excitement. 

nyc'te-rine. Occurring at night; nocturnal (applied 
to morbid symptoms which occur at night); ob¬ 
scure (applied to the deep parts of organs), 
nyc-tip'o-lus. A sleep-walker, 
nyc'to-. Relating to the night; nocturnal: a com¬ 
bining form. [< pvf night.] nyc-tob'a-sis,-ba'- 
tia, sleep*walking, or noctambulation. — nyc-to- 
pho'bi a, fear of darkness or of the night. — nyc- 
to-pho'nia, loss of voice during the day.— nyc’- 
to-ty-phlo'sis, nocturnal blindness; nyctalopia. 
Nyctoth'erus. A genus of protozoan parasites. N. 

fa'ba has been found in diarrhoeal excreta of man 
nyc-tu'ri a. Nocturnal incontinence of urine, 
nyg'ma. A punctured wound. [Gr. vvypa.] 
Ny'lan-der’s test. = Almen’s test, def. 3. 
nym'pha, pi. nym'phce. One of the labia minora. 
Nymphae'a. A genus of beautiful floating plants, 
of the order Nymphcea'cece. Nuphar. N. lu'- 
tea, the yellow water=lily, a native of England. 
It has been used as an antispasmodic, sedative, 
and demulcent. N. odora'ta, the sweet-scented 
water*lily, a native of the Atlantic section of the 
United States. Its root is astringent and is said 
to contain gallic acid and tannin. Its astringent 
rhizomes are popularly employed in poultices, 
nym-phec'to-my. Surgical removal of one or both 
nymphae. [< nymph'+fzero////excision.] 

nym-pM'tis. Inflammation of the nymphae. 
nym'pho-. Relating to the nymphae: a combining 
form. maiden.] nym'pho-lep-sy. i. Ex¬ 

cision of the nymphae. 2. An ecstatic condition, 
fnym'pho-lept. nym-pho-lep'tic.—nym-pho-ma'- 
ni a, morbid or excessive sexual desire in females ;• 
furor uterinus; hysteromania. It is often asso¬ 
ciated with or becomes a form of insanity, 
Satyriasis, tnym-pho-ma'ni ac. nym-pho-ma- 
ni'a-cal. — nym-phon'eus, a tumor or swelling of 
the nymphae. — nym-phot'o-my. i. The opera¬ 
tion of cutting away the nymphae when diseased 
or greatly enlarged. 2. Excision of the clitoris. 
Nys'sa. A genus of cornaceous trees, comprising 
about eight species, natives of the United States. 
Their popular names are gum, pepperidge, tupelo, 
etc. N. can'dicans (the Ogeechee lime), N. 
aquai'ica (tupelo), and N. unifio'ra have spongy 
and cork-like roots, from which surgeons’ tents 
are made. 

Nyssorhyn'chus ftiligino'sus. A species of Anophe- 
li'nce which may be an intermediate host for 
malarial parasites. 

nys-tag'mus. A partial rotatory or oscillating move¬ 
ment of the eyeball from side to side, due to in¬ 
voluntary, extremely rapid, alternating contrac¬ 
tions of antagonistic muscle pairs, and either con¬ 
genital or caused by diseases like Friedreich’s 
ataxia, insular sclerosis, labyrinthine disease, 
meningitis, etc. ^Cheyne-Stokes’s n., lateral 
N., miners’ n., rotatory n., vertical n. N. 
myoc'lonus, a variety of nystagmus associated 
with clonic movements of the face or other parts 
of the body. N. tox'icus, nystagmus due to toxic 
conditions. [< vvardifeiv to nod.] fiiys-tag'mic. 
nys-tag'mi-form. nys-tax'is = nystagmus. 
Nys'ten’s law. Rigor mortis sets in first in the mas¬ 
ticatory muscles, and passing downward involves 
the other muscles successively, those of the lower 
extremities being the last. 

nyx'is. i. =Nygma. 2, = Paracentesis. 

« 






630 


OBESITY 




o 


cf. Symbol for a male animal. [Symbol for Mars.] 
?. Symbol for a female animal. [Symbol for Venus.] 
0 . I. Symbol for OXYGEN. 2. Abbr. for 

pint; oc'ulus eye; opening, as O. of circuit; 
ORTHO-. 

O.D. Abbr. for oc'ulus dex'ter, right eye. 

O.D.A. Abbr. for the occipitodextro*anterior posi¬ 
tion of the foetus. 

O.D.P. Abbr. for the occipitodextroposterior po¬ 
sition of the foetus. 

O.H. Abbr. for omni hora, at every hour. 

O.L.A. Abbr. for the occipitolccvosanterior position 
of the foetus. 

O.L.P. Abbr. for the occipitolaevoposterior position 
of the foetus. 

O.M. Abbr. for om'ni ma'ne, every morning. 

O.N. Abbr. for om'ni noc'te, every night. 

O.O.O. Abbr. for oleum oliv^ optimum. 

O.S. Abbr. for oc'ulus sinis'ter, left eye. 

O.T. Abbr. for old anatomical terminology. ^ bna. 
O.U. Abbr. for oc'ulus uter'que, either eye. 
oak. A genus of trees, known as Quer'cus, of the 
order Cupulif'ercB. There are about 300 species, 
all having a notable proportion of tannin in the 
sap and bark. O.sbark ts- Quercus*. O.sgalls. 
ty GALLA*. O.ssugar = QUERCiTE. White oak = 
Quercus*. [< A. S. ac.] 

oa'kum. Hempen or other fibre prepared by the 
untwisting and loosening of old rope. Carded o. 
was formerly much used as a surgical dressing. 
[< A. S. acumba tow, fr. cem'ban to comb.] 
o-a'ria. PI. of oarium. 
o*a-ri-al'gi a. = Ovarialgia. 
o-a'ric. Ovarian; pertaining to an ovary, 
o-a'ri 0 -. Relating to an ovary: a combining form. 
c3”OvARio-. [< wapiop small egg; ovary.] o-a'- 
ri-o-cele, a tumor or hernia of the ovary.— 
o-a*ri-o-cy-e'sis, ovarian pregnancy.— o-a-ri-on'- 
cus, a tumor of the ovary; a tumid ovary. — 
o-aTi-o-pa-rec'to-ma, a distention or enlargement 
of the ovary. — o’a-ri-op'a-thy, a disease of an 
ovary. — o-aTi-o-phy'ma, an ovarian tumor. — 
o-a’ri-or-rhex'is, rupture of the ovarian tissue. — 
o-aTi-o-scir'rhus, any hard tumor of the ovary. 
— o*a-ri-ot'o-my = ovariotomy. 
o-a-ri'tis. = Ovaritis. 
o-a'ri um. = Ovary. 

o'a-ri-y-drec'ta-sis, o*a-ri-y'drops. Ovarian dropsy, 
o-a'ri-y-per-tro'phi a. Enlargement of the ovary, 
o'a-sis, pi. o'ases. An island of healthy tissue in a 
diseased part. 

oat, oats. A welbknown annual cereal plant, Ave'- 
na sati'va, or other species of Ave'na, and its 
seeds: a common article of food. From oats a 
fluidextract and a tincture are prepared which 
are said to have excellent tonic, stimulant, and 
restorative qualities, especially for alcoholics. O.s 
jelly, a dietetic for infant»feeding, prepared by 
boiling down to i pint a mixture of 4 ounces of 
coarse oatmeal soaked for 12 hours in a quart of 
water. O. treatment, a treatment for diabetes 
mellitus consisting of a daily regime of 250 Gm. 
of oatmeal or oatsflakes well cooked, 100 Gm. of 
albumin, and 300 Gm. of butter: introduced by 
von Noorden. [< A. S. aia, pi. aian.^ 


oat'meal. Meal of oats. Properly cooked gruel 
prepared from it and served with cream and su¬ 
gar is a nutritious aliment. O. pyrosis, fermenta¬ 
tive dyspepsia due to eating oatmeal, 
ob-. A Latin prefix signifying “against,” “to,” 
“ before,” “ in the way of,” implying obstruction 
or antagonism; “ opposite,” and hence sometimes 
“ inversely.” 

o'ba. An African fruit similar to cacao, 
ob-dor-mi'tion. Local numbness due to pressure 
upon a nerve or a blood*vessel: the condition of 
a limb when it is spoken of as “ asleep.” [< L. 
ob implying obstruction + dormi're to sleep.] 
ob-duce'. To cover, conceal, or coat. [< L. obdu'- 
cere to draw over.] 

ob-duc'tion. A postmortem, especially when made 
for medico*legal purposes. 

O’Beirne’s sphincter (o-birnz'), A thick fasciculus 
of circular muscle*fibres in the rectum just below 
the point where it joins the colon. O’B.’s tube, 
a long, flexible tube used for injecting an enema 
into the sigmoid flexure in obstinate constipation, 
o-be'li on. A point on the sagittal suture where it 
is crossed by a line connecting the two parietal 
foramina. [Dim. of bjdeXdg a spit.] ac. 

o-be'li ad. 

Obermeier’s spirillum (6'bfr-mai-frz). A spirillum 
found in the blood in relapsing fever; SpiriV- 
lum iSpirochce'te) obermei'eri. [Otto Hugo Franz 
Obermeier, 1843-1873.] 

O'bermeyer’s test. A test for indican in the urine, 
made by precipitating the salts present with a i 
to 5 lead*acetate solution, and testing the fil¬ 
trate after agitation with an equal quantity of 
fuming hydrochloric acid, containing i or 2 parts 
of ferric chloride solution to 500 parts of the acid. 
Chloroform turns the solution blue from the gen¬ 
eration of indigo if indican be present. 
O'ber-mul-ler’s test. A test for cholesterin made by 
placing it in a test*tube and fusing over a small 
naked flame with 2 or 3 drops of propionic acid 
anhydride. On cooling the fused mass is violet, 
turning successively to blue, green, orange, car¬ 
mine, and finally copper red. 

O'berst’s method. The production of local anaes¬ 
thesia for a finger or toe operation by using an elas¬ 
tic bandage and injecting cocaine, 
o-be'si-tine. A proprietary remedy for obesity, 
o-bes'i-ty or o-be'si-ty. Corpulence due to the ab¬ 
normal infiltration of fat in the connective tissue 
and at times followed by fatty degeneration of 
important tissues of the body; fatness or gross¬ 
ness of the body generally; adiposity; lipomatosis 
universalis; pimelosis; polysarcia; polypionia; 
physconia. It is twice as common in females as 
in males, and appears to be hereditary, Adi¬ 
posis dolorosa; Banting’s cure; Ebstein's 
METHOD. Diabetogenous o., diabetes accom¬ 
panied by the development of obesity early in 
life. [^ O.’06.] Hyperplasmic o., obesity caused 
by increase in the body protoplasm, as distin¬ 
guished from Hypoplasmic o. due to increase of 
fat and water and marked by decrease of the 
body protoplasm. [< 1 ^. obe'sitas, fr. obe'sus isit.] 
to-bese'. 


OBEX 

o^bez, pi. ob'ices. A thickened place in the white 
matter lining the fourth ventricle, at the point 
of the calamus scriptorius. [L., “ barrier.”] 

ob-fus-ca'tion. The act of darkening or rendering 
obscure; mental confusion; the state of being 
obscure or clouded, as the sight. [< L. ohfusca'iio, 
fr. obfusca're to make dark.] 

ob^jectsblindness. = Apraxia. O.sfinder, an eye* 
piece of moderate power, attached to a micro¬ 
scope, for finding an object in the field. O.sglass 
= OBJECTIVE, def. 2. 

ob-jec'tive. i. A term applied to things which are 
the objects of the external senses, in contradis¬ 
tinction to subjective, which means belonging to 
or arising from one’s own mind independently of 
external objects. O. sensation, a sensation pro¬ 
duced by stimulation of the peripheral nerves or 
an organ of external sense. O. symptom, a symp¬ 
tom which can be perceived by the examining 
physician. O. vertigo, vertigo in which the sur¬ 
rounding objects seem to the patient to move 
around him. 2. The magnifying lens of a tele¬ 
scope or of a compound microscope, nearest to 
the object; object*glass. Special varieties of o. 
are Achromatic, Aplanatic, Apochromatic, 
Dry, Endomersion, Immersion, Oil»immersion, 
and Water^‘imntersion (ly immersion). [< h.ob- 
jecti'vus, fr. obji'cere to put in the way.] fo^J-jec'- 
ti-fy. 

ob'li-gate, ob-lig'a-to-ry. Bound; necessary: op¬ 
posed to FACULTATIVE. O. aiSrobion, a microbe 
which cannot live without oxygen. O. anaero- 
bion, a microbe which cannot live in the presence 
of oxygen. O. parasite, an organism which can 
live only as a parasite, as the protozoan of 
malaria. Trypanosome. O. pyogenic organ¬ 
ism, one which under ordinary circumstances 
produces pus. O. saprophyte, a saprophyte 
which always obtains its nutrition from dead 
organic matter. [< L. obliga'tus.] O. symbiosis, 
0 - Symbiosis. 

ob-li-ni'tion. Inunction. [< L. ofe/t'nere to smear.] 

ob-lique'. Deviating from a right line or from recti¬ 
tude ; slanting; in a position between the perpen¬ 
dicular and 
the horizon¬ 
tal; indirect. 

O. bandage, 
a bandage 
which is ap¬ 
plied with¬ 
out revers¬ 
ing, being 
allowed to 
follow its 
own course 
around a 
part. O. di¬ 
ameter, that 
one of the 
diameters of 
the pelvis 
which is 
measured 
from the sa- 

crosiliac syn- Oblique Bandage of the Jaw. 
chondrosisto 

the iliopectineal line; diameter obliqua*. 0. fasci¬ 
culus, a tract of fibres in the pons varolii, near the 
lower border, formed by the middle transverse fi¬ 
bres, which pass downward and backward on each 
side and cross the inferior fibres on their super- 


OBLIQUUS 

ficial aspect; fasciculus obliquus [pontis]*. O. 
fracture, a fracture in which the break runs 
in a direction oblique to the long axis of the 
bone. O. illumination, ty illumination. O. in¬ 
guinal hernia, ^ inguinal hernia. O. ligament 
of the forearm, the round ligament of the fore¬ 
arm. O. line. I. A ridge on the under surface 
of the clavicle for the attachment of the trapezoid 
ligament. 2. A ridge forming the anterior border 
of the radius. 3. A ridge on the upper part of 
the tibia, descending obliquely from the fibular 
articulation to the inner border. O. line, external 
(of inferior maxilla), a rough line on the outer 
surface of the inferior maxilla which runs upward 
and backward from^^\^i mental foramen; linea 
obliqua*. O. line, internal (of inferior maxilla) 
— MYLOHYOID LINE. O. line of the thyroid carti¬ 
lage, a line which descends obliquely backward 
and downward from the tubercle of the thyroid 
cartilage. O. muscles of the abdomen, ly obli¬ 
quus EXTERNUS and iNTERNUS. O. muscles of the 
eye, ar obliquus inferior and superior. O. 
popliteal ligament = posterior ligament, def. 4. 
O. prismatic system = monoclinic system. O. 
process, an articular process of a vertebra. O. 
reflex = CREMASTERIC REFLEX. O. sinus, a pouch 
formed by the reflection of the pericardium 
between the inferior vena cava and the lower 
left pulmonary vein behind the left auricle. 
O. vein = Marshall’s oblique vein. [< L. 
obli'quus slanting.] fob-li'qui-ty, as Nagele's o., 
ly Nagele. 

ob-li-quim'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
angle between the plane of the pelvic brim with 
the axis of the upright body. [Tf G. ’07.] 
ob-li'quus. Any oblique muscle. O. au'ris or auric'- 
ulae, muscular fibres crossing the hollow between 
the concha and the fossa of the anthelix on the 
cranial aspect of the pinna of the ear. O. cap'itis 
infe'rior, one of the suboccipital muscles, arising 
from the upper part of the side of the spine of the 
axis and inserted into the lower part of the top of 
the transverse process of the atlas. O. cap'itis 
supe'rior, one of the suboccipital muscles, arising 
from the back of the upper surface of the trans¬ 
verse process of the atlas and inserted into the im¬ 
pression immediately behind the outer half of the 
inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone. O. ex- 
ter'nus, external oblique muscle, a muscle of the 
abdomen, which arises principally from the lower 
eight ribs and is inserted into the linea alba, the 
pubis, and the crest of the ilium; the descendens. 
O. infe'rior, inferior oblique, a muscle which 
arises from the outer edge of the orbital process 
of the superior maxillary bone and is inserted 
into the sclerotica; brevissimus oculi (it being 
the shortest muscle of the eye). O. inter'nus, 
internal oblique, a muscle situated beneath the 
obliquus externus; the ascendens or minor. It 
arises principally from the crest of the ilium and 
Poupart’s ligament and is inserted into the carti¬ 
lages of the last three ribs, the linea alba, and 
the pubes. This muscle and the obliquus exter¬ 
nus turn the trunk upon its axis. O. reflex, con¬ 
traction of the fibres of the external oblique 
muscle in females on irritation of the skin below 
Poupart’s ligament. O. supe'rior, superior ob¬ 
lique, a muscle which arises in the vicinity of the 
optic foramen, and passes through the ring of the 
cartilaginous pulley which is in the margin of 
the orbit to the sclerotic; longissimus oculi; troch- 
learis; musculus patheticus. [L.] 


631 




OBLITERATION 


OBSTIPITAS CAPITIS 


(>82 


ob-lit-e-ra'tion. Such an alteration in the mor¬ 
phology or function of a part that it no 
longer serves its original purpose; complete 
removal; obsolescence. [K oblitera'tio.] fob- 
lit'e-ra-ted, applied especially to ducts, vessels, 
etc. ob-lit-e-rat'ing, as O. pericarditis, adhesion 
of the pericardial membranes, with efface- 
ment of the pericardial cavity; obliteratio per¬ 
icardii. ob-lit'er-a-tive, as 0. appendicitis, ap¬ 
pendicitis with sclerosis and shrinkage of the 
entire appendix, and frequently extinction of 
the distal portion of the lumen; probably the 
most common form of appendicitis; appendicitis 
obliterans. 

ob'li-tine. A poisonous yorinciple from meat ex¬ 
tract: found to produce gastrointestinal symp¬ 
toms and mydriasis when injected into ani¬ 
mals. 

ob-liv'ion. Forgetfulness; amnesia; lethargy. [< 
oblivis'ci to forget.] 

ob-lo'bi um. The termination of the anthelix; anti¬ 
tragus. [< L. ob opposite + /M^iov lobule.] 

ob'long. Longer than broad. O. medulla = me¬ 
dulla OBLONGATA*. 

ob-lon-ga'ta, ob-lon'ga. = Medulla oblongata*. 
[L.] fob-lon-ga'tal. 

ob-mu-tes'cence. Loss of voice; aphonia. [< L. 
obtnutes'cere to be dumb.] 

ob-nu-bi-la'tion. A form of dizziness; obscurity or 
confusion of the mind; loss of consciousness; a 
fainting fit; a clouded state of the intellect or of 
the perceptive faculties; eclysis; lipothymia. [ < 
L. obnubila're to cover with clouds.] 

ob-scure' area. =Area opaca. 


ob-ser-va'tion. An attentive and accurate notice 
of phenomena; the act of observing or notic¬ 
ing facts. 

ob-ses'sion. Possession by a demon; a delusional 
possession; impulsive insanity, Phobia. [< 
L. ob opposite -{-sede're to sit.] O. dentaire, neu¬ 
ralgia caused by neurasthenia, but erroneously 
attributed to the teeth. [F.] 
ob-so-les'cence. The state of ceasing to grow and 
undergoing no further change; obliteration. [ < 
L. obsoles'cere to grow out of use.] 
ob'so-lete. Indistinct, as if fading away or worn 
out. [ < L. obsole're to grow out of use.] 
ob-stet'rics. The art of assisting women in child¬ 
birth and of treating their diseases during preg¬ 
nancy and after delivery; midwifery. [< L. ob- 
stet'rix midwife, fr. obsta're to stand near, because 
she watches by the side of the woman in labor.] 
tob-stet'ri-cal, ob-stet'ric, as O. canal — partu¬ 
rient canal: O. chair, a chair used in the deliv¬ 
ery of pregnant women: O. diameters = vei.\\c 
diameters: O. evisceration, removal of the ab¬ 
dominal and thoracic viscera of the foetus in 
embryotomy: O. forceps, forceps used in cases of 
difficult delivery: O. paralysis = birth*palsy; 
O. pelvis, the static pelvis along with the last 
lumbar vertebra: and O. position, that position in' 
which the patient lies on the left side with the 
right knee and thigh drawn up; English position; 
left lateral recumbent position, ob-ste-tri'ci an., 
ob-stet'ri-cy. ob-stet'rist. ob-stet'rix. 
ob-sti-pa'tion. Obstinate costiveness. [ < L. obsti- 
pa'tio, fr. ob against-{-stipa're to stuff.] 
ob-stip'i-tas cap'itis or colTi. = Torticollis. 


OBSTETRICAL CALENDAR. 


January 

I 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


October 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

I 

2 

3 

4 

s 

6 

7 

November- 

February 

I 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 




November 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

I 

2 

3 

4 

S 

6 



December 

March 

I 

2 

3 

4 

s 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

?6 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

• • 

December 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

I 

2 

3 

4 

S 

January 

April 

I 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 



January 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

i6 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

1 

2 

3 

4 


February 

May 

I 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


February 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

I 

2 

3 

4 

S 

6 

7 

March 

June 

I 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

iS 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 



March 

8 

9 

10 

I r 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

I 

2 

3 

4 

S 

6 


April 

July 

I 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


April 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

I 

2 

3 

4 

S 

6 

7 

May 

August 

I 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


May 

8 

9 

LO 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 30 

31 

I 

2 

3 

4 

S 

6 

7 

June 

September 

I 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

V, 

27 

28 

29 

30 



June 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

. I 

2 

3 

4 

s 

6 

7 


July 

October 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

'25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


July 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

I 

2 

3 

4 

S 

6 


August 

November 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

, 


August 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

I 

2 

3 

4 

S 

6 


Septemb’r 

December 

• 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 


September 

7 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

IS 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

2S 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

I 

2 

3 

4 

S 

6 

7 

October 


The normal term of pregnancy being about lo lunar months or about 280 days, this table shows at a glance 
the beginning and end of every 280 day period throughout the year. Find the date of the last menstruation 
on the upper line of the horizontal row and the figure below with the indicated month will be the 280th day 
In the case of leap year, deduct one day if February 29th falls within the period of gestation. 



































































OBSTIPUS 


633 


OCCIPITAL 


ob-sti'pus. Inclined sidewise, as Caput o.= torti¬ 
collis. [L., “ awry.”] 

ob-struc'tion. i. The act of blocking up or ob¬ 
structing. 2. An obstacle. 3. The state of be¬ 
ing blocked up. Alvine o. = CONSTIPATION. In¬ 
testinal o., the presence in the intestine of some¬ 
thing that hinders the passage of the intestinal 
contents. [< L. obstruc'tio, fr. obstru'ere to stop 
up.] tob-struc'ted, as O. hernia, incarcerated 
hernia: O. labor, tedious labor due to anomalous 
positions of the foetus or inadequate lumen of 
the parturient canal: O. perspiration, i^adiaph- 
ORESis; ANHIDROSIS. ob-stTuc'ting, as O. throm¬ 
bus, a thrombus which completely blocks up the 
lumen of the vessel. ob-struc'tive, as O. dys- 
menorrhcea, ^ dysmenorrhoea: O. jaundice, 
fsr jaundice: O. tnwrwwr = direct murmur: 
and O. phlebitis, plastic phlebitis. 
ob'stru-ent. i. Shutting or closing up. 2. A con¬ 
stipating or obstructing medicine, 
ob'stu-pe-fa'cient. Stupefying or narcotic, 
ob-stu-pes'cence. Stupefaction accompanied by an 
expression of astonishment, 
ob-su'tu-ral placenta. A placenta which is applied 
against or opposed to the suture. [< h. ob in¬ 
versely-|-5w/MVa suture.] 
ob-tri'tus. Crushed. [L. ] 

ob-tun'dent. i. Having power to dull or overcome 
irritation. 2. A soothing application; a locally 
or partially anaesthetic medicine; an antalgic. 
[< L. obtun'dere, fr. ob against -ytun'dere to beat.] 
tob-tund', to dull; to render less sensitive, ob- 
tun'der. ob-tun'di-ty. 

ob-tun'do. A dental anaesthetic, said to consist of 
cocaine, nitroglycerin, chloretone, thymol, men¬ 
thol, and oils of wintergreen, cloves, and euca¬ 
lyptus. 

ob-tu-ra'tion. Plugging; closing up, as the opera¬ 
tion of filling the cavity of a carious tooth with 
some malleable substance, fob'tu-rant, a remedy 
which arrests perspiration when applied locally, 
ob’tu-ra-to-coc-cyg'e us. The hinder part of the 
levator ani, which arises from the ischial spine, 
ob'tu-ra-tor. i. That which closes an opening. 2. 
A disk or plate to close a cleft or an opening, espe¬ 
cially one of metal or India rubber for the hard 
palate or for a proctoscope or cystoscope. O. 
artery, a branch of the internal iliac passing 
through the obturator foramen to supply the 
upper thigh and hip^joint; arteria obturatoria*. 
It terminates in two branches, called the external 
and internal o. arteries. O. canal, a passage for 
the obturator vessels and nerves through the 
upper part of the obturator foramen; canalis ob- 
turatorius*. O. crest, a crest of bone extending 
from the spine of the os pubis to the anterior ex¬ 
tremity of the cotyloid notch; crista obturatoria*. 
O. exter'nus, a muscle which arises from the mar¬ 
gins and membrane of the obturator foramen and 
is inserted into the digital fossa of the trochanter 
major; M. obturator externus*. It adducts and 
rotates the thigh outward. O. fascia, an extension 
of the pelvic fascia downward, covering the inner 
surface of the obturator internus muscle and 
forming the outer wall of the ischiorectal fossa; 
fascia obturatoria*. O. foramen, a large perfora¬ 
tion through the forward part of the innominate 
bone: it is closed by the obturator membrane; 
thyroid foramen; foramen ovale; foramen obtu- 
ratum*. O. groove, a deep groove on the under 
surface of the horizontal ramus of the os pubis, 
behind the obturator crest. It lodges the obtu¬ 


rator vessels and nerve; sulcus obturatorius*. O. 
hernia, hernia through the obturator foramen; 
oodeocele. O. inter'nus, a muscle formerly called 
marsupialis or bursalis; M. obturator internus*. 
It arises from the inner surface of the innominate 
bone and of the obturator membrane, passes out 
of the lesser sacrosciatic foramen, and is inserted, 
in common with the gemelli muscles, into the 
upper border of the great trochanter. O. ligament. 
I. =Membrana obturatoria*. 2. The anterior 
and posterior occipito=axoid and atlo=axoid 
ligaments. O. membrane = membrana obtura¬ 
toria*. O. muscles, obturator externus 
and INTERNUS. O. nerve, a nerve which comes 
principally from the third and fourth lumbar 
nerves and descends into the pelvis, passes 
through the obturator foramen, and is distrib¬ 
uted to the adductor and adjacent muscles, the 
skin on the inner side of the thigh, and both 
the hips and knee=joints; nervus obturatorius* 
Accessory o. nerve, an occasional nerve arising by 
separate fibres from the third and fourth lumbar 
nerves, and descending along the psoas muscle, 
over the horizontal ramus of the pubic bone, and 
under the pectineus muscle, where it separates 
into several branches. It gives branches to the 
hipsjoint, obturator nerve, and pectineus muscle. 
O. notch, a groove on the external surface of the 
ischium, below the margin of the acetabulum, for 
the reception of part of the obturator externus 
muscle. O. paralysis, paralysis of the obturator 
nerve. O. plexus, a plexus of veins around the 
obturator foramen. O. tubercle, either of the 
eminences on each side of the obturator groove. 
O. tubercle, inferior, a tuberosity on the pubic 
border of the obturator foramen. O. vein, a 
branch of the iliac vein accompanying the obtu¬ 
rator artery; vena obturatoria*. [<L. obtura're 
to stop up.] 

ob'tu-ra-to-ry bursa. A bursa lying under the 
tendon of the obturator internus. 
ob-tuse'. Blunt; dull; stupid. Obtuse intellect is 
a mental condition in which the understanding 
is weakened or is less acute than is normal. [< 
L. obtu'sus, fr. obtun'dere to blunt.] 
ob-tu'sion. The morbid blunting or deadening of 
the acuteness of sensation in a part, 
oc-cal'ca-rine fissure. The common fissure of which 
the occipital and calcarine fissures are branches; 
occipitocalcarine fissure. 

oc-ca'sion. The immediate, accidental, or deter¬ 
mining cause, as distinguished from the ultimate 
and efficient cause. [< L. occa'sio.^ 
oc-ca'sion-al. Incidental; casual; acting as a cause; 
produced on some special occasion; found now 
and then, as, an o. branch of a vessel or nerve, 
oc-cip'i-tal. Belonging to the occiput. O. angle. 
I. The angle formed by the intersection of the 
basicranial axis and the plane of the occipital 
foramen. 2. {Of Broca.) The angle between lines 
joining the opisthion with the basion and the 
nasal point. 3. {Of Daubenton.) The angle which 
Daubenton’s line makes with a line joining the 
basion and the opisthion. O. angle, second, the 
angle formed by lines from the opisthion to the 
nasion and the nasal spine. O. arc, the arc on 
the cranial surface extending from the opisthion 
to the lambda. O. area, the part of the cranium 
bounded above and at the sides by the lambdoid 
suture, and below by the superior curved line of 
the occipital bone. O. artery, i. A branch of 
the external carotid distributed to the back of the 


OCCIPITAL 


634 


OCCIPITO- 


head; arteria occipitalis*. 2. A branch of the 
posterior cerebral artery supplying the occipital 
lobe of the brain. O. bone, the bone which forms 
the back part of the cranium between the parie- 
tals and the temporals; os occipitale*. O. con¬ 
dyle, one of the condyles of the occipital bone 
which articulate with the atlas; condylus occipi¬ 
talis*. O. convolution, any one of the convolu¬ 
tions upon the occipital lobe of the brain. There 
are three on the convex surface, the superior, 
middle, and inferior, or first, second, and third. 
O. crest, the ridge on the external surface of the 
occipital bone running from the occipital protu¬ 
berance to the foramen magnum; crista occipitalis 
externa*. 0. cross, a crosssshaped figure formed 
on the upper surface of the occipital bone by the 
ridges which separate the cerebellar fossae. O. 
diploic vein, a vein communicating with the 
lateral sinus or the torcular herophili and the 
occipital or the occipital emissary vein; vena 
diploica occipitalis*. O. emissary vein, a small 
vein passing through a foramen in the occipital 
protuberance from one of the sinuses; emissarium 
occipitale*. O. fissure, i. {Of Owen.) A small 
inconstant fissure on the dorsocaudal inclination 
of the occipital lobe; midoccipital fissure. 2. 
{Of Pansch.) The deep fissure between the oc¬ 
cipital and parietal lobes of the cerebrum, mainly 
on the mesal surface; occipitosparietal fissure; 
perpendicular fissure; fissura parieto==occipitalis*. 
O. fissure, anterior, a fissure between the occipi¬ 
totemporal and the inferior temporosphenoidal 
lobes of the brain. O. fissure, inferior, a small 
fissure between the second and third occipital con¬ 
volutions; Clevenger’s fissure. O. fissure, trans¬ 
verse, part of the paroccipital fissure forming a 
transverse fissure on the dorsal aspect of the 
occipital lobe. O. fontanel, the posterior fonta¬ 
nel. O. foramen = FORAMEN magnum, def. i. 
O. fossa, a fossa behind the condyle of the occipital 
bone. O. glands = suboccipital glands. O. 
groove, a depression in the mastoid portion of the 
temporal bone for the occipital artery. O. line = 
Daubenton’s line. O. lobe, the posterior por¬ 
tion of the outer surface of a cerebral hemisphere, 
which is separated from the parietal lobe by the 
parieto=occipital fissure, and has two sulci, the 
superior and middle, and three convolutions, the 
superior, middle, and inferior convolutions; lobus 
occipitalis*. O. muscle, the occipitalis muscle, 
or the occipital portion of the occipitofrontalis; 
musculus occipitalis*. O. neuralgia, neuralgia 
affecting the occipital region. O. plane, the sur¬ 
face of the occiput above the superior-curved line; 
planum occipitale*. O. point, i. That point on 
the occipital bone and in the median plane which 
is at the greatest distance from the glabella. 2. 
The point of the spherical field of regard behind 
the head opposite to the point of fixation. O. 
pole, the rounded end of the occipital lobe of the 
cerebrum; polus occipitalis*. O. presentation, 
presentation of the occiput of the foetus in labor. 
0. protuberance, the roughened eminence near 
the centre of the external surface of the occip¬ 
ital bone; protuberantia occipitalis externa*. O. 
region, the back of the head; regio occipitalis*. 
O. section, a transverse vertical section through 
the middle of the occipital lobe. O. sector, the 
area in the median plane of the skull between 
lines from the hormion to the inion and the 
lambda, respectively. O. sinus, a venous pass¬ 
age within the falx cerebelli, extending from the 


posterior spinal veins to the torcular herophili; 
sinus occipitalis*. O. sulci, furrows situated on 
the convex surface of. the occipital lobes of the 
brain. O. triangle, a space included by the tra¬ 
pezius, the sternocleidomastoid, and the posterior 
belly of the omohyoid muscles. O. triangle, in¬ 
ferior, a triangle included between the bimastoid 
diameter of the skull and lines uniting its extrem¬ 
ities with the inion. 0. triangle, superior, a tri¬ 
angle included by the biparietal diameter and 
lines uniting its extremities and the inion. O. 
veins, several veins from the occipital region 
which empty into one or another of the veins of 
the neck. 0 . vertebra, the occipital bone, 
oc-cip-i-ta'lis. The occipital muscle. [L.] 
oc-cip'i-to-. Denoting relation to, or connection 
with, the occiput: a combining form. [< h. ob 
over againsthead.] oc-cip'i-tosan'gu-lar 
region, the region of the cerebrum which includes 
the occipital lobe and the angular convolution. 
— oc-cip’i-tosan-te'ri or position or presentation, 
that position of the fetal head in labor in which 
the occiput is directed toward the ventral sur¬ 
face of the mother. — oc-cip*i-tosat-lan'tal, sat- 
lan'toid, pertaining to the occipital bone and the 
atlas. — oc-cip‘i-tosat'loid ligament, an anterior, 
extending between the anterior margin of the for¬ 
amen magnum and the anterior arch of the atlas; 
membrana atlanto=^occipitalis anterior* and a pos¬ 
terior, between the posterior margin of the fora¬ 
men magnum and the posterior arch of the atlas; 
membrana atlanto^occipitalis posterior*. — oc-cip*- 
i-tosax'i al ligament, an oblong band beginning at 
the clivus blumenbachi and adjacent dura, and 
attached to the body of the axis and the first cer¬ 
vical vertebra, uniting with the posterior common 
vertebral ligament; membrana tectoria*. — oc- 
cip*i-tosax'i-oid ligament = ligamentum latum 
EPISTROPHEI. — oc-cip*i-to-breg-mat'ic, pertaining 
to the occipital bone and the bregma.— oc-cip*i- 
to-cal'ca-rine fissure = occalcarine fissure. — 
oc-cip*i-to-cen'tral, relating to the occipital lobe 
and the central convolution. — oc-cipd-to-cer'vi- 
cal ligament, a strong band of fibres connected 
below to the upper part of the body of the third 
vertebra and to the lower part of the axis, and 
spreading out above to be fastened to the basilar 
groove of the occiput.— oc-cip'i-to-cot'y-loid po¬ 
sition or presentation, the position of the fetal 
head in labor in which the occiput of the child is 
directed to the right or left acetabulum of the 
mother. — oc-cipd-to-dex-trosan-te'ri or position 
or presentation, the position of the fetal head in 
the left oblique diameter with the forehead 
backward. — oc-cip’i-to-dex-tro-pos-te'ri or posi¬ 
tion or presentation, the position of the fetal he%d 
in the right oblique diameter with the forehead 
forward. — oc-cip*i-to-fa'cial, pertaining to the 
occiput and face. — oc-cip'i-to-fron'tal diameter, 
the distance between the frontal and occipital 
protuberances.— oc-cip*i-to-fron-ta'lis, the occip¬ 
italis muscle and the frontalis muscle, together 
with the epicranial aponeurosis which connects 
them. — oc-cip’i-to-has'mal arch = pectoral 
ARCH. — oc-cip*i-to-hy'oid muscle, an occasional 
muscle arising from the occipital bone and pass¬ 
ing over the sternocleidomastoid muscle to an in¬ 
sertion upon the hyoid bone.— oc-cip'i-to-lae-vos 
an-te'ri or position or presentation, the position 
of the fetal head in the right oblique diameter, 
with the forehead backward.— oc-cip*i-to-lae-vo- 
pos-te^ri or position or presentation, the position 


OCCIPUT 


635 


OCTINENE 


of the fetal head in the left oblique diameter 
with the forehead forward.— oc-cip*i-to-lat'e-ral 
position or presentation, that position of the fetal 
head in labor in which the occiput of the child is 
applied to the right or left side of the mother’s 
pelvis.— oc-cip‘i-to-mas'toid, relating to the oc¬ 
cipital bone and the mastoid process. O. suture, 
the suture between the occipital bone and the 
mastoid process; suiura occipitomastoidea* . — oc- 
cip*i-to-me-nin'ge al artery, the posterior me¬ 
ningeal ARTERY.— oc-cip'i-to-men'tal diameter, 
the distance from the occipital protuberance to 
the chin. O. sling, a device, consisting of a cup 
for the chin and a cap for the occiput, for the 
correction of prognathism.— oc-cip*i-toso-don'- 
toid, relating to the occipital bone and odontoid 
process of the axis.— oc-cip*i-to-pa-ri'e-tal fissure 

— OCCIPITAL FISSURE, def. 2 . O. iudex, the rela¬ 
tion between the transverse diameter of the skull 
and the distance from one asterion to the other, 
the former being taken as loo. O. suture, the 
juncture of the two superior borders of the occip¬ 
ital bone with the parietal bones; th* iambdoid 
suture.— oc-cip’i-to-pha-ryn'ge us, a supernumer¬ 
ary muscle arising from the basilar process of the 
occipital bone and inserted into the pharyngeal 
wall.— oc-cip*i-to-pos-te'ri or position or presen¬ 
tation, that position of the foetus in utero in which 
the occiput is directed backward.— oc-cipd-to- 
sa'cral position or presentation, that position of 
the fetal head in labor in which the occiput of the 
child corresponds to the sacrovertebral promi¬ 
nence of the mother.— oc-cip'i-to-sa-crosil'i ac 
position or presentation, that position of the fetal 
head in labor in which the occiput of the child is 
directed to the right or left sacrosiliac synchon¬ 
drosis.— oc-cip*i-to-scap'u-lar muscle, an occa¬ 
sional muscle arising from the occipital bone on a 
level with the splenius capitis under the trapezius 
and passing downward to be inserted into the 
posterior border of the scapula at the base of the 
spine. — oc-cip'i-to-sta-phy-li'nus, part of the 
superior constrictor of the pharynx, arising from 
the basilar process of the occipital bone and at¬ 
tached to the pterygoid process or palate bone. 

— oc-cip*i-to-tem'por-al, pertaining to the occip¬ 
ital and temporal bones. O. convolution = sub¬ 
collateral CONVOLUTION. O. fissure or sulcus 
= COLLATERAL FISSURE.— oc-cip*i-to-tem-po-ro- 
pa-ri'e-tal region, the region of the occipital, tem¬ 
poral, and parietal lobes.— oc-cipd-to-tha-lam'ic 
radiation = optic radiation. 

oc'ci-put. The back and lower part of the head. 
i 3 r Occipital bone. [ < L. ob against or opposite 
+ ca'put head.] 

oc-clu'sion. I. A closing or shutting up, as of the 
intestines in volvulus or of the pupil in iritis: ob¬ 
literation; imperforation; obstruction. 2. The 
condition of being closed. 3. The absorption of 
gas by a porous substance, as hydrogen by plat¬ 
inum. 4. The contact of the masticating sur¬ 
faces of the upper and lower teeth while in a 
position of rest. [< L occlu'sio, fr occlu'dere to 
shut up.] foc-clude'. oc-clu'dent; oc-clu'ding; 
oc-clu'sal. oc-clu'sive, as O. bandage^ a bandage 
serving merely to close up or cover: O. menin¬ 
gitis, leptomeningitis in children leading to clos¬ 
ure of Magendie’s foramen. 

oc-cult'. Secret • abstruse; hidden: said of diseases 
whose causes and treatment are not understood. 
O. blood, blood so diluted or altered as not to 
be recognizable by the naked eye or with the mi¬ 


croscope: tested for in the chyme or faeces by 
Alm^n’s test or the aloin or benzidin test. 

Phenolphthalin. 

oc-cu-pa'tion disease, neurosis, or paralysis. Any 

one of the functional nervous affections, as neu¬ 
ralgia or paralysis, caused by the habitual per¬ 
formance of some particular occupation or action, 
as writers’ cramp, milkers’ cramp, etc. 
o-cel'lus. I. One of the numerous simple eyes of 
which the compound eye of certain animals is 
made up. 2. A small round patch of color like 
an eye. [< L., dim. of oc'ulus eye.] 
och-le'sis. A general condition of disease produced 
by a great number of sick persons under one roof. 
[< fr. to mob.] foch-let'ic. 

och-lo-pho'bi a. Insane dread of crowds. [< bx^oQ 
crowd -I- fear.] 
och-lot'ic fever. = Typhus. 

o'chre. A fine clay containing iron; most commonly 
yellow, which on heating becomes red. [< ojXP^C 
pale.] foch'roid, ochreslike; having an ochre* 
like discharge, as in a form of mycetoma. 

och-ri'a-sis, o-chro-der'mi a. A sallow skin, espe¬ 
cially of the face. 

o-chro^er'mi a. Pallor of the skin. Gt. ’09.] 
Ochromy'ia anthropoph'aga. A species of entozoan 
insects, native of Senegambia, which burrows into 
the skin, where the larvae cause swellings, 
och-ron-o'sis. A rare disease characterized by dark¬ 
ening of the tissues, especially the cartilages and 
intrasarticular ligaments, and not due to jaundice 
(Virchow), Melanosis. [< yellowish 

-\-v 6 aog disease.] 

och-ro-py'ra. = Yellow fever. [< (^XP^^ pale 
or sallow -I- Trii/) fever.] 
och-ro-ty'phus. = Yellow fever. 

Ochs'ner’s method of healing appendicitis. The use 
of water irrigations and opium, but no purgatives, 
thus permitting peritoneal adhesions to form, 
och'the. The swollen edge of an ulcer. [< ox^tj 
elevation of ground.] 
och-thi'a-sis. =Molluscum. 

Oc'imum. A genus of shrubs of the order Labia'tee', 
ocymum. O. basil'icum, the common basil, a 
fragrant, aromatic herb: used as a condiment and 
said to have nervine properties. O. ca'num, a 
labiate herb of tropical America with aromatic 
leaves, or a homoeopathic preparation from it. 
Ocot'ea. A genus of laurinaceous trees of the order 
Persea'cece. O. ama'ra and O. cymba'rum = Nec- 
TANDRA CYMBARUM. The seeds of O. cujuma'ry, 
of Brazil, are used in dyspepsia. The bark and 
fruit of O. opif'era yield a volatile oil used as an 
antirheumatic. O. precio'sa (pretio'sa) is used in 
neurasthenia. O. puchu'ry (pichu'rim), i»- Pi- 

CHURIM. 

oc'tad. An octavalent radical. [< 6/cr« eight.] 
oc-ta-de'cyl alcohol. An alcohol, CjgHg^.OH, occur¬ 
ring as esters in spermaceti, 
oc'tan, oc-ta'na. Recurring every seventh day, as 
a fever; weekly. [< oktu eight.] 
oc'tane. An oily, inflammable substance, CgHjg, 
occurring in petroleum, benzene, etc.; dibutyl, 
oc-ta'ri-us. The eighth part of a gallon; a pint: 

abbr. O. [< L. octa'vus eighth.] 
oc-tav'a-lent. Having a valency of eight. [< L. 

oc'to eight -f va'lens able.] 
oc-ta-vip'a-ra. =Octipara, 
oc'tene. =Octylene, 

oc-ti-grav'i-da. A woman pregnant for the eighth 
time. [< L. oc'to eight -f grav'ida pregnant.] 
oc'tl-nene. =Conylene. 


OCTIPARA 


m 


OD 


oc-tip'a-ra. A woman who has given birth to eight 
children; octavipara. [< L. oc'to eight+par'ere 
to bear.] 

oc-tiv'a-lent. =Octavalent. 
oc'to-. Eight; a combining form. [L., fr. o/crw 
eight.] oc-to-ac'e-tate, a compound in which 
there are eight acetic acid radicals in the mole¬ 
cule.— oc'to-blast, that stage of germination in 
which eight segmentation*cells are formed from 
the single original cell.— oc-to-fer'ric, containing 
eight iron atoms to the molecule.— oc-to'ic acid = 
CAPRYLic ACID. — oc-to-naph'tbenc, a colorless 
liquid, CgHjg, found in Caucasian petroleum.— 
oc'to-pus, a monster with eight extremities. O. 
synapheoceph'alus = hemipagus. — oc-to-roon', 
the offspring of a white person and a quadroon, 
having one^eighth black parentage. ^ Mulatto. 
— oc'tose, any carbohydrate of the formula CgHjg- 
Og, MANNOsOCTOSE Or gluco^octose. 
oc'tyl. = Capryl. O. acetate, a compound, 
C2HgO.OCgHj.j, the chief constituent of the oil of 
the fruit of Heracle'um spondyVium. O. alcohol, 
an alcohol, CgH^^.OH, found as an acetic ester in 
several species of Heracleum. O. iodide, a liquid, 
CyHj.jI, boiling at about 120° C. foc-tyl'ic. 
oc-tyl-am'ine. A bitter, colorless liquid, CgHjgN, 
obtained variously, as by heating octyl iodide 
with alcoholic ammonia; caprylamine. 
oc'tyl-ene. An oily, liquid substance, CgH^g, ob¬ 
tained by heating octyl alcohol with sulphuric 
acid; caprylene; octene. 

oc'u-lar. I. Belonging to, perceived, or known by 
the eye, as O. neuralgia and O. palsies. O. capsule 
= Tenon’s capsule. O. cone, a cone formed in 
the eye by the rays of light, the base being on the 
cornea, the apex on the retina. O. conjunctiva, 
^ CONJUNCTIVA. O. cup, the cup*shaped organ 
in the embryo which develops into the retina; 



Diagram Showing Action of the External Ocular 
Muscles. — s, s,. q, q,. Sagittal and transverse axes of 
eyeball; direction of pull of muscles is indicated by lines; 
dotted lines indicate axes around which superior and 
inferior recti and oblique muscles rotate eyeball; verti¬ 
cal axis (o) corresponds to axis of rotation of internal 
and external recti. (Landois.) 

the secondary optic vesicle. O. gymnastics, sys¬ 
tematic exercise of the eye in order to secure 
proper movement, accommodation, and fixation. 


0 . muscles, external, the six muscles which move 
the globe of the eye. O. muscles, internal, the 
iris and the ciliary muscle. O. paralysis, oph¬ 
thalmoplegia. O. prothesis, the use of an ar¬ 
tificial EYE. O. sheath = TUNICA albuginea 
ocuLi. 0 . spectres, imaginary objects floating 
before the eyes and assuming the form of musccB 
volitantes. O. spectrum, the appearance of ob¬ 
jects after the objects themselves have been re¬ 
moved ; an after-image. O. vertigo, vertigo pro¬ 
duced by weakness of an ocular muscle. O. 
vesicle = OPTIC vesicle. 2. The eye-piece of a 
microscope, consisting of one or more lenses. 
Compensating o.; huygenian o. 
oc'u-li. The genitive singular and the nominative 
plural of ocuLUs (gen. pi. oculo'rum). O. mar- 
marygo'des = metamorphopsia. [L.] 
oc'u-lin. An organotherapeutic preparation said to 
be a glycerol extract from the ciliary body and 
vitreous humor of the eyes of oxen; used in eye- 
affections, especially decortication of the retina, 
oc'u-list. One especially skilled in the treatment 
of the eye; ophthalmologist. 0" Optician. 
oc'u-lo-. Relating to the eye; a combining form, 
c®" OpHTHALMO-. [< L. eye.] oc*u-lo-fa'- 

cial, pertaining or relating to the eyes and face. 
— oc’u-lo-fron'tal, pertaining or relating to the 
eyes and forehead. O. ru'gae, the vertical wrin¬ 
kles extending from the forehead to the root of the 
nose.— oc*u-lo-mo'tor, pertaining to the moving 
of the eyes or to the third cranial (oculomotor) 
nerve. O. groove = O. sulcus. O. nerve, the 
third cranial nerve; nervus oculomotorius*. O. 
nucleus, the nucleus of origin of the third cranial 
nerve; it extends from the nucleus of the fourth to 
the posterior cerebral commissure along the floor 
of the aqueduct of Sylvius; caudal nucleus; nu¬ 
cleus nervus oculomotorii*. O. paralysis, paralysis 
of the motor nerves of the eyeball, producing 
general ophthalmoplegia. O. sulcus, the sulcus on 
the inner side of the crus cerebri lodging the third 
cranial nerve.— oc*u-lo-mo-to'ri us, the oculo¬ 
motor nerve.— oc*u-lo-mus'cu-lar, relating to the 
muscles of the eye.— oc*u-lo-na'sal, pertaining to 
the eye and the nose.— oc'u-lo-pu'pil-lary, relat¬ 
ing to the pupil of the eye.— oc’u-lo-spi'nal, per¬ 
taining to the eye and the spinal cord. — oc'U-lo- 
zy-go-mat'ic, pertaining or relating to the eye and 
the zygoma. O. line, a line (one of Jadelot’s 
lines) running from the inner angle of the eye 
toward the malar bone, supposed to indicate 
cerebrospinal disease in children, 
oc'u-lus*. The organ of vision ; the eye. [L. ] O. 
bovi'nus, bo'vis, or bu'bulus = hydrophthalmia. 
O. cae'sius = glaucoma. O. dex'ter, the right 
eye; abbr. O.D. O. elephanti'nus = hydroph¬ 
thalmia. O. ge'nu, the patella. O. lac'rymans 
= epiphora. O. lepori'nus = lagophthalmia. 

O. o'vi = CICATRICULA. O. pUTUlen'tUS = HYPO¬ 
PYON. O. scap'ulae = GLENOID CAVITY. O. sim'- 
plex = MONOCULUS. O. sinister, the left eye; 
abbr. O.S. , 

oc-u-lus'tro. A soap containing glycerin, oleate of 
potassium, and turpentine. 

Oc'ymum basil'icum. = 0 cimum basilicum. 
o'cy-o-dm'ic. i. Hastening birth ; oxytocic. 2. An 
oxytocic medicine. [< ukv^ swift-fwd/f birth.] 
o-cy-to'cic. = Oxytocic. 

od. A term proposed by Reichenbach for a peculiar 
force of nature, allied to electricity, magnetism, 
heat, and light, perceptible only to delicate ner¬ 
vous systems. [< 6 d< 5 f way or passage.] fo'dic. 






ODAXESMUS 


637 


ODONT- 


o-dax-es'mus, o-dax-is'mus. i. A sensation of bit¬ 
ing or pricking, as that felt in the gums previous 
to cutting teeth. 2. The bitten tongue, lip, or 
cheek which occurs as a sign of the epileptic 
seizure. [< bda^jjGfidq irritation.] fo-dax-et'ic. 

od'da. An artificial baby*food containing cocoa* 
butter and yolks of hens’ eggs. 

o-din'a-gogue. ==Ocyodinic. 

o-din'o-ly-on'tous. Able to allay pain, especially 
labor*pains. [< wd/f labor*pains to loosen.] 

o'dol. A proprietary dentrifice, said to contain 
salol, oil of peppermint, saccharin, and alcohol. 

o-dol'lin. A poisonous principle from Cer'bera 
odol'lum. 

o'dont-, o-don'to-. Relating or pertaining to or re¬ 
sembling a tooth: combining forms. [< ofloi’f 
tooth.] o*don-tag-a-nac-te'sis, severe itching of 
the gums.— o-don-tag'ma, fracture of a tooth.— 
o-don-tag'ra, toothache arising from gout or 
rheumatism.— o-don-tal'gi a, -tal'gy, violent pain 
in a tooth, usually from caries, by which the 
nerve is exposed to the cold air, etc.; toothache. 
Phantom o., i^phantom. fo-don-tal'gic.—o*don- 
ta-po-trip'sis = odontotripsis. — o-don-ta-tro'- 
phi a, o-dont-at'ro-phy, atrophy and defective 
development of the teeth.— o-don-tel'e-phas = 
DENTINE.— o-don'ter-ism, o-don-ter-is'mus, chat¬ 
tering of the teeth. — o-don-thae-mo'di a, great 
sensibility of the teeth; the condition of having 
the teeth on edge.— o-don-thar'pa-ga, pain in the 
teeth.— o*don-thy-a-loph'tho-ra, decay or destruc¬ 
tion of the enamel of the teeth. — o’don-thy-per- 
aes-the'si a, o*don-thy-per-es-the'sis = odonth^- 
MODiA.— o-don'ti a. i. A generic term compris¬ 
ing all morbid affections of the teeth. 2. = 
Odontalgia, fo-don'tic. — o-don-ti'a-sis, den¬ 
tition, especially when it is painful. — o-don- 
ti-a'ter, a dentist.— o-don-ti-a'tri a, dentistry.— 
o-don'ti-noid. i. Resembling or of the nature of 
a tooth. 2. A hard tumor occurring in the 
substance of the matrix of a tooth; dentinoid. 

Odontoma. — o-don-ti'tis, inflammation of a 
tooth, fo-don-tit'ic.— o*don-t05at-lan'tal=ATLO* 
AXOiD. O. articulation, the pivot*joint between 
the odontoid process of the axis and the anterior 
arch of the atlas.— o-don'to-blast. i. = Dentin 
CELL. 2. One of the specialized mesodermic 
cells by which the dentin is developed, fo-don- 
to-blas'tic.— o-don’to-both-ri'tis, inflammation of 
an alveolus or tooth*socket.—o-don-to-both'ri um 
= ALVEOLUS.— o-don-to-car-di-al'gi a, cardialgia 
dependent on dental irritation.— o-don'to-cele, a 
tumor containing a tooth or teeth: usually, but 
not always, attached to the jaw.— o-don‘to-ceph- 
a-lal'gi a, headache dependent on some den¬ 
tal irritation. — o-donffo-cer'a-mo-tech-ny, the 
art of making porcelain teeth, fo-don’to-ce- 
ram'ic. — o-don-toch'a-lix, dental cement. — 
o-don*to-chi-rur'gi-cal, relating to surgery of the 
teeth.— o-don-toc'la-sis, fracture of a tooth.— 
o-don'to-clast, a specialized connective*tissue cell 
(osteoclast of the dental periosteum) occurring in 
numbers between the milk*tooth and the coming 
permanent tooth. It helps to break down the 
fang of the milk*tooth and to promote its ab¬ 
sorption.— o*don-toc-ne'sis. i. A painful itching 
of the gums. .2. The sensation which precedes 
the cutting of a tooth.— o-don'to-cyst, a cystic 
tumor connected with a tooth.— o-don*to-di-ar- 
rhoe'a, diarrhoea due to dentition.— o-don'to-dol, 
a dental anodyne said to contain cherry*laurel, i 
part; cocaine hydrochloride, i part; tincture of 


arnica, 10 parts; and solution of ammonium ace¬ 
tate, 20 parts. [H Len.'07.] — o-don-to-dyn'i a 
= ODONTALGIA. — o-don‘to-gas-tral'gi a, gastral- 
gia due to disease of teeth.— o-don'to-gen, a sub¬ 
stance which forms dentin. — o-don-tog'e-ny, 
that branch of physiology treating of the devel¬ 
opment of the teeth.— o-don'to-glyph, an instru¬ 
ment for scraping the teeth.— o-don-tog'ra-phy, 
a description or history of the teeth.— o-don'toid, 
resembling a tooth. O. ligament, any one of the 
ligaments arising from the odontoid process and 
connecting the axis with the skull; ligamentum 
alarium*. O. ligament, middle, a ligament be¬ 
tween the apex of the odontoid process of the 
axis and the anterior border of the foramen mag¬ 
num; ligamentum apicis dentis*. O. process, a 
projection from the upper surface of the body of 
the axis passing through the ring of the atlas and 
articulating with that bone; dens*. O. tubercle, 
an elevation on the inner border of each condyle 
of the occipital bone; to it the alar odontoid lig¬ 
ament is attached.— o-don'to-lith, the tartar or 
Stoneslike incrustation on the teeth; dental or sal¬ 
ivary calculus.— o-don-tol'o-gy, a dissertation on 
the anatomy of the teeth; the science of the 
teeth, fo-don-tol'o-gist. — o-don-to-lox'i a, o-don- 
tol'ox-y, irregularity or obliquity of the teeth.— 
o-don-to'ma, pi. odonto'mata, or o-don'tome, a 
sort of exostosis of the teeth; a tumor composed 
of dentin; a monstrous tooth or tumor arising out 
of the matrix of the tooth at the time of its de¬ 
velopment, before the pulpscavity is surrounded 
with dentin. As it attacks the crown or the root 
it is known as coronary or radicular, Epulis ; 
PARULis. — o-don-to-my'le, a tooth sometimes 
found in a dermoid cyst.— o-don'to-mys, the pulp 
of a tooth.— o-don*to-ne-cro'sis, necrosis, or dead¬ 
ness, of the teeth; necrosis dentium.— o-donffo- 
neu-ral'gi a, neuralgia due to dental disease.— 
o-don'to-noid = ODONTOID.— o-don-ton'o-my, the 
science of the classification of teeth.— o-donffo- 
no-sol'o-gy, that branch of medicine which treats 
of the diseases of the teeth.— o-don'to-par-al- 
lax'is, distortion or irregularity of the teeth.— 
o-don*to-pa-thol'o-gy, the science of the diseases 
of the teeth.— o-don-top'a-thy, any disease of the 
teeth.— o-don*to-per-i-os'te um = periodontium. 
fo-don'to-per-i-os'te al. — o-don-to-phat'ne, the 
toothssocket, or alveolus.— o-don‘to-phat-ni'tis, 
inflammation of the odontophatne. — o-don-to- 
phleg'mon = odontitis. — o-don-to-phy'i a, the 
process of dentition. — o-don‘to-ple-ro'sis, the 
filling of a cavity in a tooth.— o-don-top'ri-sis, 
stridor dentium, or grinding of the teeth.— o-don- 
top-to'sis, falling out of the teeth.— o-don-tor- 
rha'gi a, hemorrhage from the socket after ex¬ 
traction of a tooth. — o-donffor-rheu-mal'gi a, 
rheumatic toothache.— o-don-tor-rhi'za, the root 
of a tooth.— o-don’tor-rhi-zoph'thi-sis, decay of 
the root of a tooth.— o-don-tor-tho'si a, -tho'sis, 
the straightening and rectification of irregularly 
growing teeth.— o-don-tos'chi-sis, splitting of a 
tooth.— o-don'to-schism, a fissure in a tooth.— 
o-don'to-scope, an apparatus for examining the 
teeth, consisting of a dental mirror and an electric 
light.— o-don-to-sei'sis, looseness of the teeth, due 
to destxmction of the alveolar processes.— o-don- 
to'sis, the formation, growth, or development of a 
tooth.— o-don-to-smeg'ma, a tooth*paste; soap 
for the teeth. — o-don-to-spas'mus, o-don'to- 
spasm, convulsions in infants caused by difficulty 
of dentition.— o-don’to-spha-ce-lis'mus, caries of 


ODOR 


638 


(ENANTHIK 


the teeth.— o-don-tos'te-o-phyte, a spongy growth 
on the bone of a tooth.— o-don*tos-te-re'sis, loss 
of the teeth.— o-don-to-tal'gi a, earache due to 
dental disease. — o-don'to-tech-ny dentistry. 

— o-don-to-the'ca, a dental follicle.— o-don-to- 
ther'a-py, the treatment or care of the teeth.— 
o-don-to-trim'ma, a dentifrice, or toothspowder. 

— o-don-to-trip'sis, wearing away of the teeth; 
odontapotripsis. — o-don-tot'ry-py, perforation or 
boring of a tooth, as for the removal of pus. 

o'dor. A smell, scent, or perfume, produced by 
minute particles emanating from odoriferous sub¬ 
stances and acting through the olfactory nerve, 
as a volatile oil, or in disease, as smallpox, m- 
Mercaptan. [L. o'dor.'] o-do-rif'e-rant, o-do-rif'- 
e-rous, producing or emitting odor, as an O. gland, 
one secreting a volatile substance, fo'dor-ous. 
o-do-rim'i-try. The quantitative comparison of 
odors of different substances, Olfactometer. 
o'do-rine. A volatile substance of a very disagree¬ 
able odor, obtained by distilling bone oil: prob¬ 
ably impure picoline. 

o'dor-o-scope, o'dor-scope. An instrument for test¬ 
ing odors. [< L. o'dor odor + a kottciv to view.] 
O’Dwy'er’s method. Intubation of the larynx in the 
treatment of laryngeal diphtheria by means of 
O’D.’s tubes, which are provided with a narrow 
neck and coated with a layer of gelatin and alum. 
The tube is left in the larynx for three days and 
replaced by others till healing is effected, 
od'yl, od'yle. i^Od. 

o-dyn'-, o-dyn'o-. R^'lating to pain: a combining 
form. [< bdvvrf p ,in.] o-dyn-a-cu'sis, o-dyn-a- 
cou'sis, pain caused by loud noises. — o-dyn'a- 
gogue = OXYTOCIC. — o-dyn-e-pho'bi a = odyno- 
PHOBiA.— o-dy-neph'o-rous, causing or producing 
pain.— o-dyn'ic, of or relating to pain. — o-dyn- 
ol'y-sis, relieving pain. — o-dyn-o-pha'gi a, pain 
induced by the act of swallowing. — o-dyn-o- 
pho'bi a, an abnormal dread of pain; odynepho- 
bia. — o-dyn-o-poe'i a, the induction of labor* 
pains, to-dyn'o-poe'ic; o-dyn-o-po-et'ic. — o-dyn- 
u'ri a, painful urination. 

CB-. See also e-. 

oe*ci-o-ma'ni a. A monomania in which the patient 
is illstempered, shrewish, and unreasonable at 
home, and in other places seems sane and well. 
[< oiKia home + fJ'CLVia madness.] 
oe'coid. The colorless and uncolorable stroma, or 
structural element, of the red blood*corpuscle. 
oe-col'o-gy. The science of the relations of organ¬ 
isms to each other and to the surrounding world, 
oe-co-pho'bi a. A morbid aversion to one’s home. 
OB-de'ma. A swelling from effusion of serous fluid 
into the cellular substance; a dropsical effusion 
in the cellular tissue, whether subcutaneous, sub¬ 
mucous, subserous, or in the interstices of organs; 
a dropsical infiltration of the parenchyma; a 
pathological gathering of lymph in the lymphatic 
and other interstices, i®* Anasarca ; hydrops. 
Varieties of oe. other than those given below are 
Angioneurotic, Blue, Brown, Cerebral (= 
cephalcedema), Circumscribed (= angioneurot¬ 
ic), Collateral, Compact (= sclerema cedema- 
tosum). Cretinoid (= myxcedema). Febrile 
purpuric. Filtration, Glottidial or glottic 
(phlegmonous laryngitis), Hereditary, Infec¬ 
tious (= malignant). Inflammatory, Iwan- 
off’s, Laryngeal (phlegmonous laryngitis). 
Lymphatic, Malignant, Mycotic, Neuropara¬ 
lytic or neuropathic, N on-inflammatory ( — 
angioneurotic). Paroxysmal pulmonary. Pu¬ 


rulent, Retinal, Rheumatismal, Solid (= myx¬ 
cedema), and Venous. (E. buUo'sum vesi'cae, 
a condition in which clear vesicles, with small, 
white particles floating around them, form on the 
mucous lining of the bladder. CE. cal'iduin = 
inflammatory ce. CE. cap'itis, the filling of the 
subcutaneous areolar tissue of the scalp with a 
serous effusion. CE. cardi'aca, passive oedema of 
the kidneys due to heart disease. CE. ex vacuo, 
passive oedema due to atrophy of an adjaoent 
organ. CE. fri'’gidum = angioneurotic oedema. 
CE. fu'gax, transient oedema frequent in chlorosis 
after exposure to cold air. It attacks the face, 
eyelids, neck, and upper part of the breast. CE. 
neonato'rum, oedema of the new*born, a swell¬ 
ing of the arms, legs, and back, occurring in 
children within the first day or two after birth, 
due to an effusion of serum into the subcutaneous 
tissue. It usually occurs in weakly children, and 
often results in death. CE. oc'uli = hydroph- 
THALMiA. CE. oedemato'des = angioneurotic 
OEDEMA. CE. glot'tidis, angioneurotic ce. of the 
glottis: often fatal. (E. of lung = oedema pul- 
MONUM. (E. puerpera'rum = phlegmasia alba 
DOLENS. (E. pulmo'num, an effusion of serous 
fluid into the airscells and the pulmonary tissue. 
CE. sclerot'icum, oedema accompanied by in¬ 
duration. [< olSelv to swell.] t®"de-niat'ic. 
oe-dem'a-toid. oe-dem'a-tous, as CE. erysipelas, 
erysipelas characterized by swelling of the skin: 
and CE. laryngitis, phlegmonous laryngitis. 
oe-dem-a-my-co'sis. The African horse*sickness, an 
ectogenous infectious disease, caused by an or¬ 
ganism known as ce-dem-a-my'ces and marked by 
intense congestion of the blood*vessels, followed 
by oedema of the lungs and sometimes of the 
subcutaneous tissues of the head and neck. 
OB-dem-a-ti-za'tion. Artificial oedema produced by 
the injection of a 2% salt solution having a tem¬ 
perature lower than that of the body, 
oe-dem-a-tos'che-o-cele. Scrotal hernia combined 
with oedema of the scrotum. [ < oldrifia swelling 
+ baxeov scrotum -f tumor.] 
oedeme blanc des hyst£riques. A dropsical swelling 
of the skin in hysterical attacks, usually leaving 
no mark after pressure. CE. bleu des hyst^riques 

= BLUE CEDEMA. 

ced'i-pism. Selfsinflicted injury to the eyes. 

Dl. ’09.] 

Oehl’s layer or stratum (olz). = Stratum lucidum. 
oe-nan'thal. =CEnanthol. 

CEnan'the. A genus of umbelliferous plants. CE. 
croca'ta, hemlock dropwort, a native of Europe. 
It is a narcotic poison, resembling conium in its 
properties. CE. fistulo'sa, a European species with 
poisonous roots. (E. phellan'drium, an aquatic 
plant, a native of Europe. Its seeds are diuretic 
and expectorant and have been used in asthma, 
bronchitis, dyspepsia, intermittent fever, and 
phthisis. Dose of seeds, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). [< 
oivof wine-l-dp^of flower.] 

ce-nan'thic acid. =Heptoic acid. CE. alcohol = 

HEPTYLIC ALCOHOL. CE. aldchydC = CENANTHOL. 

CE. ether, a peculiar liquid, or ether, CjHj.CgHjijOj, 
ethyl pelargonate, held to be the principle that 
gives wine its peculiar aroma or flavor (bouquet) ; 
artificial oil of cognac. It is a colorless liquid, 
soluble in alcohol and insoluble in water. It has 
a penetrating vinous odor and an acrid taste, 
oe-nan-thil'ic acid. =Heptoic acid. 
ce-nan^thin. A poisonous resinous emetic contained 
in CEnan'the fistulo'sa. 


(ENANTHOL 


639 


CESOPHAGO- 


ce-nan'thol. CEnanthic aldehyde, a liquid 

product of the distillation of castor oil. 
oe*nan-tho-tox'in. A poisonous resin, 

from CEnan'the croca'ta: similar to picrotoxin. 
OB-nan'thyl. The hypothetical radical, of 

oe-nan-thyric acid (=heptoic acid). The name 
is sometimes inappropriately given to heptyl. 
oe^nil-ism. Alcoholism due to wine drinking, 
oe'no-. Relating or pertaining to wine: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< olvog wine.] oe-no-chem'is-try, 
the chemistry of wine. — oe-no'cy-an = cenolin. 
— ce-no-flav'in, the coloring matter of white 
wines. — oe'no-la-ture, an infusion of medicinal 
substances in wine.— oe'no-lin, a coloring matter 
derived from red wine; oenocyan.— oe-no-ma'ni a. 
I. Excessive inclination for wine or intoxicating 
liquors. 2. Winesmadness or delirium tremens 
resulting from the excessive use of wine.— oe'no- 
mel, a mixture of honey and wine.— ce-nom'e- 
ter. An instrument for determining the per¬ 
centage of alcohol in wine.— oe-no-tan'nin, the 
tannin contained in red wine.— oe-nox'i-dase, 
-y-dase, an oxidase causing wine to turn brown. 
(E-no-the'ra. A genus of plants, comprising many 
species, natives of the United States. CE. bien'nis, 
or evening primrose, is mucilaginous, and is com¬ 
mended as a remedy for tetter, whooping*cough, 
and asthma. Dose of fiuidextract, 4 Cc. (i dr.), 
ce-pa'in. An active principle from upas poison. 
Oertel’s method (or'telz). Treatment of obesity, 
feeble circulation, etc., by rigid restriction of 
fluids (also fats, etc.) and by systematic exercise. 
(E'se ( 6 'ze). A platinum wire with a loop at one 
end, the other being fastened into a glass rod: 
used in bacteriology. [Ger.] 
oe'si-pus. =CEsypum. 

CB-soph-a-gal'gi a, oe-soph-a-gaTgy. Pain of the 
oesophagus. [< L. cesoph'agus -1- akyo^ pain.] 
OB-soph-a-garc'ti a. = (Esophagiarctia. 
CB-so-pha'ge al. Belonging or relating to the oesoph¬ 
agus*. CE. aperture, i. = CE. opening. 2. 
The cardiac orifice of the stomach. CE. arteries, 
branches, three to six in number, from the tho¬ 
racic aorta to the oesophagus; arieriae oesoph- 
ageae*. (E. bruit, a splashing, gurgling sound 
sometimes heard in stricture of the oesophagus 
following the taking of a mouthful of water. 
CE. cords, two elongated cords, formed of 
the pneumogastric nerves, which descend along 
the oesophagus. CE. diverticulum, a diverticulum 
in the oesophagus. There are two principal forms: 
I. Pressure, most commonly on the posterior wall 
at the junction of the gullet and pharynx. 2. 
Traction, on the anterior wall near the bifurca¬ 
tion of the trachea. CE. dysphagia, difficulty 
in swallowing due to some disease of the 
oesophagus. CE. foramen =ce. opening. CE. 
glands, the compound racemose glands in the 
submucous coat of the oesophagus secreting 
mucus: glandulae oesophageae*. (E. opening or 
orifice, the middle one of the three openings in 
the diaphragm, transmitting the oesophagus and 
the vagus nerves; foramen oesophageum; oesoph¬ 
ageal aperture; hiatus oesophageus*. CE. plexus, 
a nerve*plexus formed by branches of the oesoph¬ 
ageal nerves from the pneumogastric; plexus 
gulae. It is divided into an anterior and a pos¬ 
terior part. CE. pock, pustular inflammation of 
the oesophagus occurring in variola. CE. pro¬ 
lapse = cESOPHAGOPTOsis. CE. rami, branches 
of the coeliac and inferior thyroid artery or of 
the recurrent and vagus nerves; rami oesoph- 


agei*. CE. stricture, constriction of the oesoph¬ 
agus due to congenital stenosis (sometimes in 
the form of complete occlusion), cicatricial con¬ 
traction, tumors, or external pressure, as from 
enlarged glands, aneurisms, etc. CE. tube, a flex¬ 
ible tube for introduction into the oesophagus. 
CE. varix, a varix in which the oesophageal veins 
may be enormously distended: associated espe¬ 
cially with senile and cirrhotic liver and chronic 
heart disease. (E. veins, a number of veins which 
return the blood from the cesophag^us to the azy¬ 
gos vein; venae oesophageae^. 

ce-soph-a-gec'to-my. The surgical removal of a 
part of the oesophagus. ^ CEsophagotomy. 

oe-soph-a-gem'e-sis. A condition in which the food 
regurgitates from the oesophagus without having 
passed into the stomach. [< oloo(j>d-yog oesopha¬ 
gus-f f/zecif vomiting.] 

oe-soph-a-ge-u-rys'ma. Abnormal enlargement of 
the oesophagus. 

oe-so-pha-gi-arc'ti a. Stricture of the oesophagus; 
oesophagarctia. 

oe-soph'a-gism, ®-soph-a-gis'mus. Difficulty in 
swallowing from spasmodic contraction of the 
oesophageal muscles, as in hysteria, hydrophobia, 
etc.; dysphagia spastica. 

oe-soph-a-gi'tis. Inflammation of the oesophagus, 
as in INFLAMMATORY DYSPHAGIA where it causes 
difficulty in swallowing. Specially named varie¬ 
ties of oe. are Catarrhal, Corrosive, Croupous 
or diphtheritic (^Fibrinous), Follicular, 
Phlegmonous, and Varioloid. 

oe-soph'a-go-. Relating or pertaining to the oesoph¬ 
agus; esophago-: a combining form, tsr (Esoph¬ 
agus* . oe-soph'a-go-cele, a hernia of the mucous 
and submucous coats of the oesophagus through 
a rupture of its muscular coat.— CB-soph*a-go* 
dU-0-de-nOS'tO-my=CESOPHAGO*ENTEROSTOMY.— 
oe-soph‘a-go-dyn'i a, spasmodic oesophageal pain. 

— oe-soph'a-gosec'ta-sis, sec-ta'si a, a diffuse, fu¬ 

siform enlargement of the oesophagus, usually 
from stenosis of the cardia.— oe-soph*a-gosen- 
te-ros'to-my, total extirpation of the stomach, an 
operation introduced by Schlatter, in which the 
oesophagus is sutured to the duodenum; oesoph- 
agosduodenostomy. — oe-soph*a-gosje-ju*nosgas- 
tros-to-mo'sis, an operation in which an isolated 
loop of the jejunum is used to connect the 
oesophagus and the stomach.— (fi-soph'a-go-ma- 
la'ci a, abnormal softness of the oesophagus: 
may lead to stricture or rupture.— ce-soph- 
a-gom'e-ter, an instrument used to measure the 
length and lumen of the oesophagus, as Spivak’s 
intragastric whistle, which emits a noise on enter¬ 
ing the stomach.— oe-soph'a-go-my-co'sis, fung¬ 
ous disease of the oesophagus: when from the Oid'- 
ium al'bicans, it is known as CE. oid'ica. — oe-soph- 
a-gop'a-thy, disease of the oesophagus.— oe-soph'- 
a-go-plas-ty, covering mucous membrane defects, 
as from extirpation of scars or tumors, with flaps 
from the skin of the throat. The operation has 
hitherto been a failure, Pharyngoplasty. — 

oe-soph*a-go-ple'gi a, paralysis of the oesophagus. 

— 0e-soph*a-gO5pleuTO-cu-ta'ne-ous fistula, a con¬ 
dition in which fluids are discharged through a 
fistula in the right infraclavicular region, ap¬ 
pearing to connect with a cavity in the upper 
part of the pleura or lung. [If O. ’ 06 .] oe- 
soph'a-gop-to'sis, oesophageal prolapse; ptosis 
oesophagea.— oe-soph'a-gor-rha'gi a, hemorrhage 
from the oesophagus.— oe-soph-a-gor-rhoe'a, any 
discharge from the oesophagus, as of blood 


(ESOPHAGUS 


640 


OIL 


or mucus.— oe-soph'a-go-scope, an instrument 
for viewing the interior of the oesophagus. 
i 3 r Endoscope. t®~soph-a-gos'co-py.— oe-soph'- 
a-go-spasm, cramp or spasm of the oesophagus.— 
oe-soph’a-go-ste-no'ma, constriction of the oesoph¬ 
agus.— CB-soph'a-go-ste-no'sis, stenosis of the 
oesophagus; oesophageal stenosis.— oe-soph-a-gos'- 
to-ma, an abnormal passage or opening into the 
oesophagus.— oe-soph-a-gos'to-my, a surgical op¬ 
eration for creating an oesophageal fistula.— 
oe-soph-a-got'o-my, an incision into the oesopha¬ 
gus, usually with a view to extract some foreign 
body. It may be performed from without (ex¬ 
ternal ce.) or by an instrument (known as an 
oe-soph'a-go-tome) introduced within its cavity 
(internal oe.) . — oe-soph’a-go-tra'che al, pertaining 
or relating to both the oesophagus and the trachea, 
oe-soph'a-gus*. The musculomembranous tube ex¬ 
tending from the pharynx to the cardiac orifice of 
the stomach; gullet ; esophagus, (Esophage¬ 
al; CESOPHAGO-. [< olaeiv (future of (j)£peiv) to 
bear, to carry -f (pdyrjfia food (fr. (payeiv to eat).] 
oes-tri'a-sis. The effect produced by the presence 
of the larvae of (Estrum. 

oes-tro-ma'nia. —Nymphomania or satyriasis. 
(Es'trum, ces'trus. i. Intense desire or passionate 
impulse; usually applied to the pleasurable sen¬ 
sation which accompanies the orgasm during the 
indulgence of the sexual passion, termed more 
distinctly (E. vene'reum or ven'eris. 2. Rut of 
animals. “ Heat ” in bitches occurs first when 
the animal is about 9 months old and lasts about 
5 weeks; it may occur twice a year. 3. A genus 
of dipterous insects called gadflies, the larvae of 
which (maggots or bots) live as parasites in men 
and animals. CE. bo'vis, the species most com¬ 
monly affecting cattle. CE. Guildin'gi, “ Guild- 
ing’s bot,” a species occurring in Trinidad. (E. 
hom'inis, a species of gadfly whose larvae may 
inhabit the intestine of man. CE. Livingsto'ni, 
a species whose larvae inhabit the skin. CE. o'vis, 
the botfly of sheep. [< olarpo^ gadfly, sting.] 
fcEs'tru al. oes-tru-a'tion. 

oes'y-pum, oes'y-pus. The natural or unrefined 
woobfat; suint: formerly used as an emollient and 
ointment, Lanolin. [< otuPTrof suint.] 

Of. Abbr. for official. 

of'fal. Refuse of any kind, especially waste meat. 

[M. E., “ fallen remnants.”] 
of-fic'ial. Directed or authorized by the pharma¬ 
copoeias, as opposed to magistral: abbr. of. In 
this dictionary the United States Pharmacopoeia 
terms (8th revision, 1905) are marked with a 
star ( * ) to indicate their official status, For¬ 
mulary; PHARMACOPOEIA. [< L. officia'lis be¬ 
longing to duty.] 

of-fic'i-nal. A term applied to such medicines as 
are usually kept in the shop s. [< L. ojficina'lis, 
fr. offici'na workshop.] 
off'spring. Issue; progeny. 

0-ga'la’s method, i. A shaking method of restoring 
or establishing respiration in the new*born. 2. 
External massage of the heart with stroking by 
the palm of the hand. 

og-mo-me'le. A grooved probe. [< bypog furrow 
^-p.ifkri probe.] 
o'go. =Gangosa. 

Og'ston’s line. The imaginary line indicating the 
course of tne tendon of the adductor magnus, 
extending from the tubercle of the femur to 
the intercondyloid notch. O.’s operation, i. A 
treatment for knock^knee by sawing off obliquely 


the Inner condyle of the femur. 2. The treat¬ 
ment of flatsfoot by excising the astragaloscaph- 
oid joint and fixing the parts with ivory pegs. 
0-hi'o scratches. == Prairie itch. 
ohm. The unit of electrical resistance. The orig¬ 
inal ohm or B. A. unit has a resistance equal 
to that of a column of mercury with a cross sec¬ 
tion of I square millimetre and a length of 
104.87 cm. at o® C. The Siemens’s unit is the re¬ 
sistance of a column of mercury 100 cm. long. 
The legal ohm is the resistance of 106 cm. of 
mercury. The true ohm is 1,000,000,000 C. G. S. 
electromagnetic units: it is equal to the resist¬ 
ance of about 106.3 cm. of mercury. The resist¬ 
ance of the body is mainly that of the skin where 
the current enters and leaves it. It varies from 
some hundreds of thousands of ohms with a small 
contact area of dry epidermis to a few hundred 
ohms when large, well moistened electrodes are 
used. [< George S. Ohm, German electrician, 
1787-1854.] toh.'mic. ohm'me-ter. 

Ohm’s law. The intensity or strength of an electric 
current varies directly as the electromotive force 
and inversely as the resistance; or, C = E/R. 

-oid, -oides. Suffixes denoting resemblance to an ob¬ 
ject indicated by the word to which it is joined: 
as alkaloid ; platysma myoides. [< eWofform.] 
o-‘id‘i-o-my-co'sis. = Blastomycosis. O. cu'tis, a 
skin disease caused by blastomycetic fungi of the 
genus Oidium. [<cj 6 p egg -|-mycosis.] fo-idd- 
o-my'ces. o-idd-o-my-cet'ic. 

Oid'ium. A genus of fungi. O. abortifa'ciens = 
Claviceps purpurea. O. al'bicans, found in the 
mucous membrane of the mouth in thrush, con¬ 
sists of whitish, ramifying threads; Blastomy'ces. 
al'bicans; Saccharomy'ces al'bicans. i^Stomato- 
MYCosis. O. lac'tis is a nonspathogenic variety, 
forming the white mould of sour milk, bread, etc. 
O. schonlein'i = Achorion schonleini. O. 
tuck'eri, a fungus causing mildew on grapes. 
[Dim. of (pov egg.] fo-id'i al. 0-id-i-a'ce ae. 
Oidtmann’s purgative (oit'manz). A glycerin enema, 
oi-ki-o-ma'ni a. =CEciomania. 
oi'ki-o-mi-as'ma. Poisonous exhalations arising 
from household conditions, 
oi'koid. = CEcoid. 

oi-kol'o-gy. The science of homes and houses, 
especially in relation to their sanitary condition. 
[< ot/cof housescience.] foi-ko-log'ic. 
oi-ko-pho'bi a. =(Ecophobia. 
oi'ko-site. A parasite fastened to its host, Com¬ 
mensal; SYMBION. [< okof house -f aiTog food.] 
oil. A greasy, inflammable liquid, not miscible 
with water, obtained from animal, vegetable, and 
mineral substances. Oils are divided into three 
classes: volatile (essential or ethereal) oils, obtained 
by distillation, many having distinct therapeutic 
properties and definite antiseptic and disin¬ 
fectant power; iixed (fatty) oils, obtained 
from nuts, seeds, etc., having definite food 
value, as olive oil, codsliver oil; and mineral oils. 
fs- Oleum. In this dictionary the various oils are 
defined, for the most part, under the attributive 
title, as Almond oil under almond, or under the 
official Latin name, as Oil of anise under oleum 
AN isi*. A partial list of the innumerable oils 
used in medicine and pharmacy follows: Absin¬ 
thium, Aleurites, Alligator, Allspice (= oleum 
piMENT.;®*), Almond, Almond, expressed (= ole¬ 
um amygdala expressum*). Amber, Angelica, 
Angustura, Animal (=Dippel’s), Anise ( = 
oleum ANISI*), Anthoss, Arborvitce ( = thujon). 


OIL 


(341 


OLBIOTYPHUS 


Arnica, Asafcetida, Asphalt, Basil, Bassia, Bay, 
Bayberry, Beech, Beetle, Ben or Behen, Benni 
(= OLEUM sESAMi), Bergamot (= oleum berga- 
uottje), Betula or Birch (= oleum betul^*), 
Birchfbark, Birch^wood, Bitter almond (= oleum 
AMYGDALAE AMAR^*), Bitter almond, synthetic, 
Black mustard ( = oleum sinapis volatile*), 
Boldo, Bone, British, Buchu, Cade (= oleum 
CADiNUM*), Cajuput (= OLEUM CAjupuTi*), Cal¬ 
amus, Camphor, Camphorated, Candle==fish (— eu- 
lachon), Candle^nut (i^ aleurites). Capsicum 
(=capsicol). Caraway (= oleum cari*). Car¬ 
bolic, Carbolized, Cardamom, Carron (= linimen- 
TUM CALCis*), Carrot, Cascarilla, Cassia, Castor 
(= OLEUM RiciNi*), Cedar, Celery, Chamomile, 
Cherryslaurel, Cinnamon (= oleum cinnamo- 
MI*), CiTRONELLA, CloveS ( = OLEUM CARYOPHYL- 
Li*), CocoANUT, Cod4iver (= oleum morrhu^e*). 
Colza (=RAPE oil). Copaiba ( = oleum copai- 
BAE*), Coriander (= oleum coriandri*). Cotton, 
Cottonfseed (= oleum gossypii seminis*), Croton 
(= OLEUM 'VlG'Lll*), Cubeb (= OLEUM CUBEB^*), 

Cypress, Dead, Dill (rs“ANETHUM graveolens), 
Dippel’s, Dcegling, Elder ^flower, Empyreumatic, 
Eucalyptus ( = oleum eucalypti*), Eulachon, 
Fennel (=oleum fceniculi*). Ferment, E/ea- 
bane ( = oleum erigerontis*), Fusel, Gaul- 
theria ( = oleum gaultheri,®*). Gray, Haar¬ 
lem, Hemlock, Hemp-seed, Herring, Hop, Hun¬ 
garian, Hyoscyamus, Hyssop, Juniper, Lard (i. = 
Oleum ADipis*. 2. = Olein), Lavender (= ole¬ 
um LAVANDULAE FLORUM*), Ledum, Lemon ( = 
oleum limonis*), Linseed (= oleum lini*), 
Lumes, Mace, Male fern oleoresina aspidii*), 
Margosa, Marjoram (i^ Origanum), Marrubium, 
Matico, Melissa, Menhaden, Mineral, Mirbane 
(= nitrobenzole). Mustard (= oleum sinapis 
VOLATILE*), Myristica (= oleum myristiCaE*), 
Myrrh (==myrrhol), Neat’s^foot, Neroli, 
Nutmeg (= OLEUM myristiCaE*), Olive (== oleum 
olivaE*), Orange^^ower (= OLEUM aurantii flo- 
rum*). Orange-peel ( = oleum aurantii corti- 
cis*), Origanum, Palm, Paraffin, Parsley 
(r^APioL), Patchouli, Peanut (= ground-nut). 
Pennyroyal ( = oleum hedeoMaE*), Peppermint 
(= OLEUM mentHaE piperiTaE*), Phosphorated 
(—OLEUM phosphoratum) , Pimenta (= oleum pi- 
menTaE*), Poppy-seed, Porpoise, Rape-seed, Red, 
Rhodium, Rock (= petroleum). Rose (= oleum 
roSaE*), Rosemary (= oleum rosmarini*), Rue 
(i^Ruta), Saffron, Saint Jacob’s. Sandal-wood 
or Santal (= oleum santali*). Sassafras ( = 
OLEUM SASSAFRAS*), Savin (= OLEUM SABINaE*), 
vSeal, Sesame (— oleum sesami). Shale (= ben- 
ziNUM*), Shark-, Shore, Spearmint (= oleum 
mentHaE viridis*). Sperm-, Spike, Spruce, Straits, 
Sweet (= OLEUM oliVaE*), Swee^ almond (= oleum 
amygdalaE expressum*),Tambor, Tansy (c^Tan- 
acetum). Tar, Tartar, Templin, Thyme (= oleum 
THYM i*), Tumenol, Turpentine (=oleUaM ter- 
ebinthiNaE*), ■ Vitriol, Walpurgis, Wintergreen 
(=OLEUM GAULTHERIaE*), WOod (= BALSAM OF 

gurjun). Wormwood, and Zachun. O.sbath, 
a pharmaceutical bath, made of linseed oil, 
in which a substance being heated is immersed 
to prevent the temperature from rising above 
300° C. or 572° F. O.scake, the linseed mass from 
which the oil has been expressed: used for poul¬ 
tices. O.sglands, the sebaceous glands. O.sim- 
mersion objective, a microscopical objective be¬ 
tween which and the object a drop of oil is 
placed. 0.5sugar = oleosaccharum. toHy. 

41 


oi-no-ma'ni a. =Q 5 nomania. 
oint'ment. A fatty preparation, of the consistency 
of butter, usually having some medicinal sub¬ 
stance incorporated with it: unguentum*. Used 
for external application to the skin, Cera- 
TUM*; OLEATE. In this dictionary the ointments 
are, for the most part, entered under the adjec¬ 
tive title, as Antimonial ointment under antimo- 
nial, or under the official Latin name, bs Mercurial 
ointment under unguentum hydrargyri*. A list 
of some of the many ointments used in pharmacy 
and medicine follows : Antimonial, Banyer’s, 
Basilicon (=ceratum resiNaE*), Belladonna {— 
UNGUENTUM BELLADONNaE*), Blue (l^ UNGUENT¬ 
UM HYDRARGYRI DILUTUM*), Boric add (= UN¬ 
GUENTUM AciDi BORici*), Camphor (= unguen¬ 
tum camphoRae), Carbolic acid (= unguentum 
PHENOLis*), Chrysarobin (= unguentum chry- 
SAROBiNi*), Citrine (= unguentum hydrargyri 
nitratis*). Credo's (= unguentum Crede), Cy- 
RiLLo's, Diachylon (=unguentum diachylon*), 
Hebra’s (=unguentum diachylon*). Iodine (= 
UNGUENTUM lODI*), lodoform (—UNGUENTUM 
lODOFORMi*), Lister’s, M.a\jky’s, Mercurial or Ne¬ 
apolitan (= UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI*), NUtgall 
(= UNGUENTUM galLaE*), Pagenstecher’ s ( = un¬ 
guentum HYDRARGYRI OXIDI FLAVI*), PARAF¬ 
FIN, (= PETROLATUM*), Phenol (=un- 

GUENTUM PHENOLIS*), PotaSsium, 

Red mercuric oxide (= unguen¬ 
tum HYDRARGYRI OXIDI RUBRI*), 

Regent’s, Rose water (= un¬ 
guentum aquaE roSaE*), Simple 
(= unguentum* def. 2), Stra¬ 
monium (= unguentum stra- 
MONII*), Sulphur (=UNGUENTUM 
suLPHURis*), Tannic acid (=un- 
GUENTUM ACIDI TANNICI*), Tar 
(=UNGUENTUM PICIS LIQUIDaE*), 

Veratrine (= unguentum vera- 
TRINaE*), Wax (= SIMPLE cer¬ 
ate), Wilkinson’s (= unguentum 
SULPHURIS compositum), Yellow 
mercuric oxide {— unguentum 
HYDRARGYRI OXIDI FLAVI*), and 

Zinc oxide (= unguentum zinci 
OXIDI*). O.scarrier or positor, a 
kind of syringe for injecting oint¬ 
ments into cavities, 
oio-. For words beginning thus, 
see 00-. 

O'ken’s body. = Wolffian body. 

-ol. A suffix usually'indicating hy- o\*ntm^Vt- 
droxyl, the OH group, thus positor. 
CH3OH is methanol. It is also 
used in a variety of other senses, as in benzol, 
toluol, xylol, etc., which are the commoner com¬ 
mercial names for the compounds known chem¬ 
ically as benzene, toluene, xylene, etc., and in 
technical names and trade-names for oily sub¬ 
stances, essential ingredients,’ active drug-con¬ 
centrations, etc. 

01. Abbr. for o'leum, oil. 

01. oliv. Abbr. for o'leum oli'vce, olive oil. 

01. res. Abbr. for oleoresin. 

o'lan. A paraffin ointment-base forming an emul¬ 
sion with water. 

o'la-nin. A substance obtained by distilling certain 
animal substances, as bone oil. 
oPbi-o-ty'phus. Delirium of grandeur; insanity 
marked by abnormal self-satisfaction. [< ol^toc 
happy -h rv^og folly.] 










OLD AGE 


642 


OLEORESIN 


old age. Senility. O. dislocation, a dislocation 
in which inflammatory changes have taken place. 
O. fustic = FUSTIC. -O. man’s back, paralytic 
kyphosis. O. sight, O. sightedness = presbyopia. 
Oldenland'ia. A genus of rubiaceous trees, espe¬ 
cially O. umbella'ta, Indian madder, whose root 
yields a red dye and whose leaves are expecto¬ 
rant. 

O'le-a. I. An olive, or the olive-tree, a genus of 
oleaceous trees. O. dio'ica, the Indian olive. O. 
europae'a, the olive tree. O. fra'grans, a Chinese 
tree the flowers of which are used to flavor tea. 
O. oleas'ter, the wild olive. 2. Plural of oleum. 
O. aethe'rea, volatile oils. O. animaflia, animal oils. 
O. coc'ta, medicated oils. O. destilla'ta, distilled or 
volatile oils. O. fix'a, fixed oils. O. medicinalia, me¬ 
dicinal oils. O. pin'guia, fatty oils; fats. O. volatil'- 
ia, volatile or distilled oils. [ L. fr. e?iaia or £/ida.] 
o-le -a'ceous. Relating to the olive tree or olive, 
o-le-ag'i-nous. Oily; unctuous, 
o-le-a'men. A soft, oleaginous ointment, 
o-le-am'ide. A crystalline substance, CigHg-NO, 
formed from ammonia and almond or hazel oil. 
o-le-an'der. Nerium oleander. 
o-le-an'drine. A poisonous glucoside from Ne'rium 
olean'der. It is soluble in alcohol and ether, and 
is a powerful cardiac depressant. Dose (subcu¬ 
taneous), 0.006 to 0.015 Gm. to 4 gr-)- 
o-le-an'drism, o-le-an-dris'mus. Poisoning with ole¬ 
ander: resembling digitalism. 
o'le-ase. An enzyme found in olives, causing ran¬ 
cidity in olive oil by the formation of fatty acids 
and precipitation of coloring matter, 
o-le -as'ter. O'lea oleas'ter, the true wild olive, or 
any plant of the genus Elceg'nus, as Bohemian o., 
ElcBg'nus angustifo'lia 

o'le-ate. A compound of oleic acid with certain 
bases, forming masses of liquid or semi-solid con¬ 
sistence; OLEATUM. They are used externally 
and for inunction. The oleates of Atropine, Co¬ 
caine, Mercury, Quinine, and Veratrine are official 
in the U. S. P.; others, as those of Aconitine, Alu¬ 
minum, Arsenic, Bismuth, Copper, Iron, Lead, 
Morphine, Silver, Zinc, etc., have also been found 
useful as remedial agents. 

o-le-a'tum, pi. olea'ta. = Oleate. O. atropi'nae*, 
oleate of atropine, containing 2% of atropine. 
O. cocai'nae*, oleate of cocaine, containing 5% of 
cocaine. O. hydrar'gyri*, oleate of mercury, a 
preparation containing 20% of yellow mercuric 
oxide. It is a good substitute for mercurial oint¬ 
ment. O. quini'nae*, oleate of quinine, contain- 
ing 25% of quinine. O. veratri'nae*, oleate of 
veratrine, a preparation containing 2% of vera¬ 
trine. O. zin'ci,the 1890 U. S. P. name for oleate 
of zinc: it contains 5% of zinc oxide. 
0 ‘le-cra-nar-thri'tis. Arthritis of the elbow. 
o*le-cra-nar-throc'a-ce. Ulceration of the elbow- 

4 

joint; caries articulationis cubiti. 
o-lec'ra-non*. The curved process at the humeral 
extremity of the ulna; the point of the elbow; also 
the elbow itself. 0. depression or fossa, a recess 
on the posterior surface of the humerus, just 
above the trochlea, for receiving the summit of 
the olecranon of the ulna; fossa olecrani*. O. 
process, the olecranon. [< iikkvri ulna-f «:pov/oF 
head.] to~lec'ra"iial ; o-le-cra'ni al; o-lec'ra-noid. 
o-le'fiant. Producing or making oil. O. gas = 

ETHYLENE. 

o'le-fin. Any one of a series of hydrocarbons con¬ 
taining two atoms of hydrogen less than the 
paraffins, and including methylene, ethylene, 


ethylidene, butylene, amylene, propylene, etc. 
[< L. o'leum oil + fa'cere to make.] 
o-le'ic. Containing oil; relating to or obtained from 
oil. O. acid, a yellowish, oily liquid, HCjgHggOj, 
prepared by cooling commercial oleic acid to 
about 5° C. (41° F.), then separating and pre¬ 
serving the liquid portion; acidum oleicum*. 
It has a peculiar lard-like odor and taste and is 
insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, benzole, 
and ether. It is used in the preparation of oleates, 
and saponifies when heated with alkaline bases. 
O. acid series, the series of unsaturated fatty 
acids having the formula CjjH2q_202* 
o-le-if'er-ous. Producing oil. 

o'le-in. The glyceride €3115(0017113300)3, of Oleic 
acid; elain; triolein: largely used in the manufac¬ 
ture of soap, entering into the constitution of 
most fats and oils, and melting at 15° 0 . (59° F.). 
o'le-ite. Sodium sulphoricinoleate, a jelly-like li¬ 
quid obtained by treating castor oil with sulphuric 
acid. It has great solvent powers, affording an 
excellent base for ointments, 
o'le-o-. Relating to oil: a combining form. [< L. 
o'leum oil.] o’le-o-bal'sam, a derivative of the' 
South American tree Myrox'ylon peruif'erum; 
Brazilian balsam: sometimes sold as the true 
balsam of Peru, fode-o-bal-sam'ic, as O. mixture, 
a solution of balsam of Peru and several volatile 
oils in alcohol: used as a nerve-tonic.— o'le-o-ce- 
ra'tum = cerate.— o-le-o-cre'o-sote, an oily 
compound of creosote and oleic acid, used in tu¬ 
berculosis, bronchitis, etc. Dose, 0.65 to i Cc. 
(10 to 15 mins.).— ode-osinfu'sion, a solution of a 
medicinal substance in oil.— o*le-o-mar'ga-rine, 
a substance made of suet, tallow, or other ani¬ 
mal fat, with most of its stearin • removed: dis¬ 
tinguished from butter by solidifying in a lump 
instead of granulating when stirred with hot milk 
surrounded by ice water, and from fresh butter 
by sputtering like renovated butter instead of 
foaming quietly when heated and stirred in a 
large spoon, to’le-o-mar-gar'i-scope, a polari- 
scope for testing oleomargarine or butter.— o-le- 
om'e-ter = EL^OMETER.— o'leon, an oily liquid, 
a ketone of oleic acid, formed by distilling oleic 
acid with lime.— o'le-o-nu’cle-o-pro'te-id, a com¬ 
plex substance consisting of the caseinogen and 
fat of milk.— o*le-o-pal'mi-tate, an oleate and a 
palmitate of the same base.— o*le-o-phos-phor'ic 
acid, a yellow, gummy substance in the animal 
body. — o-le-op'tene = el^optene. — oTe-ose, 
oily.— 0"le-o-ste'a-rate, an oleate and stearate of 
a base.— o-le-o'tine, a substitute for butter con¬ 
sisting of a peptonized fat.— oTe ous, oily, 
o’le-o-res'in. A term for the native combinations 
of resins with essential oils, forming various bal¬ 
samic and terebinthinate substances; oleore- 
siNA. The term is applied in the U. S. P. to 
preparations consisting of principles which when 
extracted by means of acetone or alcohol retain 
a liquid or semiliquid state upon the evaporation 
of the menstruum, and at the same time have 
the property of self-preservation. They consist 
chiefly, as their name implies, of oil, either fixed 
or volatile, holding resin and sometimes other 
active matter in solution. The oleoresins official 
in the U. S. P. are those of Aspidium, Capsicum, 
Cubeb, Ginger, Lupulin, and Pepper. O. of pars- 
leysseed, an oleoresin obtained from parsley-seed 
by extraction with alcohol; green apiol: used like 
APiOL, which is prepared from it. Dose, 0.5 Cc. 
(10 mins.) in capsules. 


OLEORESINA 


643 


OLEUM 


o*le-o-re-si'na. =Oleoresin. 0 . aspid'ii*, oleo- 
resin of aspidium, one of the best preparations of 
male fern to use as an anthelmintic. Dose, 2 Gm. 
(30 grs.). O. cap'sici*, oleoresin of capsicum. 
It may be usefully employed to give locally stim¬ 
ulant properties to substances administered in¬ 
ternally in a pilular form in cases of gastric in¬ 
sensibility and excessive flatulence. Dose, 0.03 
Gm. gr.). It may be used also as a powerful 
rubefacient, diluted with olive oil or soap lini¬ 
ment. O. cube'bae*, oleoresin of cubeb. It is 
diuretic. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (74- grs.). O. lupuli'ni*, 
oleoresin of lupulin. It has the odor and taste 
of lupulin, and possesses all its medicinal prop¬ 
erties. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). O. pi'peris*, oleo¬ 
resin of pepper. It contains almost all the vola¬ 
tile oil and acrid resin of black pepper, with little 
of the piperine, and represents the virtues of the 
fruit. Dose, 0.03 Gm. gr.). O. zingib'eris*, 
oleoresin of ginger, representing the virtues of the 
root. Dose, 0.03 Gm. gr.). 
o*le-o-sac'cha-rum, pi. oleosac'chara, o*le-o-sac'cha- 
rose. A compound of essential oil and sugar 
mixed with each other to render the oil more 
easily diffusible in watery liquors; oibsugar; 
elaeosaccharum. 

o'le um, pi. o'lea. A fat, unctuous, combustible 
matter, solid or fluid, not soluble in water; oil. 
O. ad'ipis*, a fixed oil expressed from lard at a low 
temperature; lard oil. It is destitute of active 
medicinal properties, and is official solely for 
pharmaceutical purposes. O. aethe'reum*, a vol¬ 
atile liquid consisting of equal volumes of ether 
and of heavy oil of wine; ethereal oil. This oil is 
used only for the preparation of compound spirit 
of ether, or Hoffmann’s anodyne. O. amyg'dalas 
ama'rae*, a volatile oil obtained from bitter 
almond, operating on the system in a manner 
closely analogous to that of hydrocyanic acid, 
and being quite poisonous. Dose, 0.03 Cc. 
min.). When assayed according to the directions 
given in the U. S. P., it should yield not less than 
85% of BENZALDEHYDE and not less than 2% nor 
more than 4% of hydrocyanic acid. O. amyg'- 
dalae expres'sum*, a fixed oil expressed from bit¬ 
ter or sweet almond; expressed oil of almond. 
Suspended in water by means of mucilage and 
loafssugar it forms a pleasant emulsion, useful in 
pulmonary affections attended with cough. 
Dose, 30 Cc. (i fl. oz.). O. andropog'onis citra'ti, 
lemon=grass oil (oil of verbena of commerce). 
The volatile oil of a species of grass growing in 
tropical Asia: used in liniments for rheumatism, 
in hairstonics, and as a stimulant and carminative. 

^ Various other tropical species of this genus (as 
Andropo'gon nar'di, which furnishes oil ofcitron- 
ella) yield strongly scented volatile oils, several 
kinds of which are locally valued in medicine. 
O. anima'le aethe'reum = Dippel’s oil. O. ani- 
ma'le foe'tidum, crude oil of hartshorn. O. ani'si*, 
oil of anise, a volatile oil from Illi'cium ve'rum 
(Hooker fllius); oil of anise: used as a carmina¬ 
tive and antiseptic. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). 
0. auran'tii cor'ticis*, oil of orange*peel: used 
for flavoring purposes. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). 
O. auran'tii flo'rum, the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for neroli, a volatile oil distilled from fresh 
orange flowers; oil of orange flowers. O. berga- 
• mot'tae, the 1890 U. S. P. name for oil of bergamot, 
a volatile oil extracted by mechanical means from 
the rind of the fresh fruit of Cit'rus herga'mia: 
employed as a clearing agent and as a perfume. 


O. bet'ulae*, the O. bet'ulce volat'ile of the 1890 
U. S. P. or oil of sweet birch. It is distilled 
from the bark of Bet'ula len'ta and is nearly 
identical with methyl salicylate and oil of gaul- 
theria. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). 0. betuli'num, 
empyreumatic oil of birch; oil of Russia leather. 
[IR.’05.] 0. bu'bulum = neat’ssfoot OIL. [ 1 R. 
’05.] O. cadi'num*, a product of the dry distil¬ 
lation of the wood of Junip'erus oxyce'drus; oil of 
cade. O. cajupu'ti*, a volatile stimulant oil dis¬ 
tilled from the fresh leaves and twigs of Melaleu'ca 
leucaden'dron, yielding when assayed by the U.S. 

P. process not less than 55% by volume of cineol; 
oil of cajuput: used internally in spasmodic chol¬ 
era, chionic rheumatism, dyspepsia with flatu¬ 
lence, and chronic bronchitis, and externally in 
acne rosacea, psoriasis, and other cutaneous dis¬ 
eases. Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). O. ca'ri*, oil 
of caraway: much used to impart flavor to 
medicines and to correct their nauseating and 
griping effects. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). O. car- 
yophyl'li*, oil of cloves, having properties like 
those of cloves, and used for the same purposes. 
Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). O. chenopo'dii*, oil of 
chenopodium: used as an anthelmintic. Dose, 
0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). O. cinnamo'mi*, oil of cinna¬ 
mon or oil of cassia, a volatile oil distilled from 
Cas'sia cin'namon, yielding when assayed by the 
U. S. P. process not less than 75% by volume of 
cinnamon aldehyde: used as an aromatic and 
carminative stomachic and sometimes prescribed 
as a powerful local stimulant in gastrodynia and 
flatulent colic. Dose, 0.05 Cc. (i min.). O. copai'- 
bae*, oil of copaiba, having properties like those 
of copaiba, and used for the same purposes. 
Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). 0. corian'dri*, oil of 
coriander, having the medical properties of the 
fruit, and, like other aromatic oils, used to cover 
the taste or correct the nauseating or griping prop¬ 
erties of other medicines. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). 
O. cube'bae*, a volatile oil having the aromatic 
properties of cubebs, but much less pungent than 
the fluid extract or oleoresin; oil of cubebs. Dose, 
0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). O. ewgeron'tis*, a volatile oil 
distilled from the fresh flowering herb of Eri'geron 
canaden'sis; oil of erigeron; oil of fleabane: em¬ 
ployed in haemoptysis, dysentery, diarrhoea of 
debility, and hemorrhage from the bowels during 
typhoid fever. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). O. eu- 
calyp'ti*, a volatile oil distilled from the fresh 
leaves of Eucalyp'tus, and yielding not less than 
^ by volume of eiJcalyptol*; oil of eucalyptus: 
it has the same properties as eucalyptol. Dose, 
0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). O. foenic'uli*, oil of fennel: 
used as a carminative and corrigent. Dose, 0.2 Cc. 
(3 mins.). 0. gaulthe'riae*, a volatile oil distilled 
from the leaves of GauUhe'ria procum'bens; oil of 
gaultheria; oil of wintergreen: used chiefly on 
account of its pleasant flavor. Dose, i Cc. (15 
mins.). O. gossyp'ii sem'inis*, cottonsseed oil: 
has the medical properties of a bland, neutral oil, 
and has been introduced on account of its use in 
the official liniments of camphor, lime, etc. Dose, 
16 Cc. (4 fl. ozs.). 0. hedeo'mae*, oil of hedeoma 
or oil of pennyroyal: used as a remedy in flatu¬ 
lent colic and sick stomach, to correct the opera¬ 
tion of nauseating or griping medicines. Dose, 
0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). 0. junip'eri*, oil of juniper: 
used as a stimulant, carminative, and diuretic, 
and in combination with other remedies in de¬ 
bilitated dropsical cases. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). 
0. lavan'dulae flo'rum*, oil of lavender flowers 1 


OLEUM 


644 


OLFACTORY 


used as a flavor and perfume. Dose, 0.2 Cc. 
(3 mins.). O. limo'nis*, a volatile oil obtained by 
expression from fresh lemon peel; oil of lemon. 
It must not contain less than 4% of aldehyde 
calculated as citral. It has the stimulant prop¬ 
erties of the aromatics, but is used chiefly to im¬ 
part flavor to other medicines. Dose, 0.2 Cc. 
(3 mins.). O. li'ni*, a fixed oil expressed from 
flaxseed; linseed oil. It is laxative and has been 
used for piles. Dose, 30 Cc. (i fl. oz.). O. men'- 
thae piperi'tae*, oil of peppermint. It should con¬ 
tain not less than 8 % of ester, calculated as 
menthyl acetate, and not less than 5% of total 
menthol. It is stimulating and carminative, and 
is much used in flatulence, nausea, and spasmodic 
pains of the stomach, and as a corrigent or adju¬ 
vant of other medicines. It is one of the best 
external remedies for neuralgia. Dose, 0.2 Cc. 
(3 mins.). O. men'thae vir'idis*, oil of spearmint: 
used like oil of peppermint. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 
mins.). 0 . mor'rhuae*, a fixed oil obtained from 
the fresh livers of Gadus morrhua or of other 
species of Gadus; codsliver oil. It is an extremely 
valuable tonic and nutrient and has been found 
especially useful in chronic rheumatism and 
gout, and in the various forms of tuberculosis. 
Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). O. myr'ciae, the 1890 
U. S. P. name for oil of myrcia or oil of bay. O. 
myris'ticae*, oil of mj'^ristica or nutmeg: used like 
the nutmeg. O. ner'oli = 0 . aurantii florum. 
O. oli'vae*, a fixed oil expressed from the ripe 
fruit of O'lea europce'a; olive oil. Dose, 30 Cc. 
(i fl. oz.). O. oli'vae op'timum (0.0.0.), best 
olive oil. O. ori'gani, Origanum. O. pe'trae, 
crude petroleum. O. philosopho'rum, olive oil 
distilled over hot bricks. O. phosphora'tum, 
the 1890 U. S. P. name for phosphorated oil, an 
oil prepared from phosphorus, ether, and ex¬ 
pressed oil of almond, containing 1% of phos¬ 
phorus. Dose, 0.06 to 0.3 Cc. (i to 5 mins.). O. 
pi'cis li'quidae*, a volatile oil distilled from tar; 
oil of tar. It represents thoroughly the medicinal 
properties of tar, and is preferable on account of 
its less offensive taste. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). 
O. pimen'tae*, oil of pimenta or oil of allspice. It 
contains 65% by volume of eugenol* and is given 
for the same purposes as the other stimulant aro¬ 
matic oils. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). O. portu- 
gal'licum= OLEUM bergamott^. [H i?. ’05.] 
O. ri'cini*, a fixed oil expressed from the seed of 
Ri'cinus commu'nis; castor oil. It is a mild and 
speedy cathartic, and also possesses galactagogue 
properties. Ricin: ricinus. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. 
drs.). O. ro'sae*, a volatile oil distilled from the 
fresh flowers of Ro'sa damasce'na; oil of rose: com¬ 
monly called attar or otto of roses. Its odor is 
very powerful and diffusive. O. rosmari'ni*, oil 
of rosemary. It should contain not less than 
5% of ester calculated as bornyl acetate, and not 
less than 15% of total borneol, and is stimu¬ 
lant, but is employed chiefly as an ingredient of 
rubefacient liniments. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). 
O. sabi'nae*, oil of savin, has a strong odor and 
an extremely acrid taste. It is stimulant, em- 
menagogue, and actively rubefacient. Dose, 0.05 
Cc. (i min.). 0. san'tali*, oil of santal or oil of 
sandal wood: largely used as a perfume, but 
also employed in practical medicine. It is, when 
in concentrated form, a local irritant, and has 
been used for its influence on mucous membranes 
in chronic bronchitis, and especially in gonorrhoea. 
Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). 0. sas'safras*, oil of 


sassafras: used to flavor medicines and confec¬ 
tionery. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). O. ses'ami, 
the 1890 U. S. P. name for oil of sesamum, laxative 
in large doses and used as a substitute for olive 
oil; benne oil; gingili oil; sesame oil; teel oil. 
O. sina'pis volat'ile*, a volatile oil obtained from 
black mustard, and containing not less than 92% 
of allyl isothiocyanate; volatile oil of mustard. 
It has been employed as a substitute for the 
mustardsplaster. Dose, 0.008 Cc. min.). O. 
tar'tari per deli'quium, concentrated solution of 
potassium carbonate. [H R. ’05.] O. templi'num, 
oil of pine cones and small branches of Pi'nus 
pumU'io. [TI R. ’05.] O. terebin'thinae*, oil of 
turpentine, is stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, 
and in large doses cathartic. It is useful in 
typhoid fever, chronic rheumatism, sciatica, neu¬ 
ralgia, dysentery, haemoptysis, etc. Oil of tur¬ 
pentine, when required for internal use, should 
be given in its rectified form. O. terebin'thinae 
rectifica'tum*, an oil produced by distilling equal 
parts of oil of turpentine and solution of sodium 
hydroxide; rectified oil of turpentine. Dose, 
I Cc. (15 mins.). O. theobro'matis*, a fixed oil 
expressed from the roasted seeds of Theobro'nta 
caca'o; oil of theobroma; butter of cacao. It is used 
as an ingredient of cosmetic ointments, and in 
pharmacy for coating pills and preparing supposi¬ 
tories. O. thy'mi*, oil of thyme: a tonic and stim¬ 
ulant. Dose, 0.2 Cc. (3 mins.). O. tig'lii*, a fixed 
oil obtained from Cro'ton tig'Hum; croton oil. It 
is a powerful drastic purgative, in large doses apt 
to excite vomiting and severe griping pains, and 
sometimes fatal in overdoses: used chiefly for ob¬ 
stinate constipation. Dose, 0.05 Cc. (i min.), 
o'le-yl. The radical of oleic acid, CjgH 320 . 
ol-fac'tion. The exercise of the sense of smell, 
ol-fac'tive. =OLFACTORy. [< L. o//a'ccre to smell.] 
ol-fac-tom'e-ter. A device for estimat¬ 
ing the acuteness of the sense of smell, 
fol-fac-torn'e-try. is- Odorimetry. 
ol-fac'tor. A unit of olfactory sensi¬ 
tiveness. 

ol-fac'to-ry. Belonging to the organ 
or sense of smell. O. amnesia, 0- am¬ 
nesia. O. anaesthesia, loss of the 
sense of smell. O. angle, the angle 





—r-i—r-pT— I I I [ i-r- I ' I I I I I I |—I —r i | t 


Olfactometer.— The outer tube is lined with blotting 
paper soaked in some odorous solution. 



formed between the cribriform plate of the eth¬ 
moid bone and the basicranial axis. O. brain = 
RHINENCEPHALON*. O. bulb = BULBUS OLFACTO- 
Rius*. O. canal, the nasal fossae in the embryo. 
O. cells, specialized neuro=epithelial cells in the 
olfactory membrane, connected with the begin¬ 
nings of the olfactory nervesfibres. O. centre, 
the cerebral centre that governs the sense of 
smell: situated in the uncinate gyrus. O. chiasm, 
the connection of the olfactory lobe of each side 
with the temporal lobe and the hippocampal 
region of the opposite side by means of the ante¬ 
rior commissure. O. cleft, a cleft between the . 
end of the middle turbinated bone and the nasal 
septum. O. convolution, a cerebral convolution 
arising in the anterior perforated space, running 














OLIBANUM 


845 • 


OLIG- 


forward in the olfactory sulcus, and ending in 
the olfactory bulb. O. convolution, external, the 
lateral root of the olfactory tract. O. convolu¬ 
tion, internal, the internal root of the olfactory 
tract. O. fissure, a depression on the ventral 
surface of the frontal lobe for the olfactory bulb 
and tract. O. foramina, small openings in the 
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone through 
which pass the filaments of the olfactory nerve; 
foramina ethmoidalia*. O. fossa, a fossa in the 
foetus which develops into the nasal fossa. O. 
ganglion —BULB us olfactorius*. O. glomeru¬ 
lus, any one of the glomeruli, consisting of the 
convolutions of nerve»fibres, which are situated 
near the ventral surface of the olfactory bulb. 

O. groove, i. A groove for the olfactory tract 
and bulb on the cribriform plate of the ethmoid. 

2. A groove on the surface of the hemispheres 
for the olfactory tract and bulb; sulcus olfacto¬ 
rius*. O, hyperaesthesia = HYPEROSMiA. ©.is¬ 
lands, crowded and distorted masses of pyramidal 
cells in the cinerea of the olfactory trigone. O. 
lobe, in man a rudimentary lobe represented by 
the olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, trigonum 
olfactorium, and the posterior continuations to 
the limbic lobe; lobus olfactorius*. Physio¬ 
logical LOBES. O. membrane, the mucous mem¬ 
brane of the nose, in which the olfactory nerve 
is distributed. O.snerve roots = 0. roots. O. 
nerves, the first pair of nerves, connected with 
the pituitary or Schneiderian membrane of the 
nose; nervi olfactorii*. O. pit, a depression in 
the embryonic head which develops into the 
nasal fossae. O. plate, one of two plates of thick¬ 
ened ectoderm above the primitive oral cavity 
and lying against the wall of the forebrain. It 
represents the primitive nasal mucous membrane. 
O. region,'the area of distribution of the olfactory 
nerve; regio olfactoria*. O. roots, an external or 
lateral, which is connected with the hippocampal 
convolution, and an inner or mesial, prolonged 
into the callosal gyrus. O. scrolls = turbinate 
BONES. O. sulcus = O. GROOVE, def. 2. ©.tract, 
the central part of the olfactory lobe, joining the 
olfactory bulb with the olfactory tubercle; tractus 
olfactorius*. ©. trigone, the triangular area of 
gray matter between the outer and inner roots 
of the olfactory tract, which forms the base of the 
olfactory tubercle; trigonum olfactorium*. ©. 
tubercle, the region immediately in front of the ’ 
anterior perforated space. ©. ventricle = ven- 
TRicuLus OLFACTORIUS. ©. vesicle, a vesicle given 
off from the anterior embryonic cerebral vesicle, 
from which are developed the olfactory bulb and 
the olfactory tract. 

0 -lib'a-num. Frankincense, a gum^resin from Bos- 
wel'lia serra'ta and other species of Boswel'lia. 

It is stimulant and has been used in bronchial 
and laryngeal affections, but is seldom used in¬ 
ternally. It contains a volatile oil from which 
the terpene, ol'i-bene, is obtained. 

ol'ig-, ol'i-go-. Denoting lack of or deficiency in: 
combining forms. Hypo-. [< oA/yof few.] 
ol-i-gae'mi a, poverty of the blood; loss of blood 
in the sense of diminution of its volume; the 
word expresses more correctly the condition im¬ 
plied by anaemia. ©. sero'sa, an abnormal quan¬ 
tity of water in the blood, as after a hemorrhage, 
or permanently, as in Bright’s disease; hydraemia. 
©. sic'ca, diminution of the quantity of blood, due 
to inspissation, as in Asiatic cholera. ©. ve'ra, 
oligaemia due to sudden losses of blood, fol-i- 


gae'mic. — ol*i-gae-myd'ri a, a thin, watery con- 
dition of the blood.— obi-gar-tic'u-lar, affecting 
only a few joints, as an attack of rheumatism.— 
ol-i-ghyd'ri a, deficiency of the fluids of the body; 
oligydria; oligohydria.— ol-i-gid'ri a = ischidro- 
sis. — obi-go-am'ni-os, deficiency of amniotic 
fluid. [If I. M. ’o6.]— ol'i-go-blen'ni a, deficiency 
of mucus. — obi-go-car'di a, smallness of the 
heart.— obi-go-ca-tan'tes, a skull in which the 
line joining the hormion and the st'aphylon makes 
an angle of from 20® to 23° with the radius fixus. 

— obi-go-cho'li a, want or deficiency of bile.— 
obi-go-chro-mae'mi a, a deficiency in the haematin 
of the red blood^corpuscles. ts- Chlorosis. — 
obi-go-chro'sis, deficiency of haemoglobin in the 
bloodscorpuscles.— obi-go-chy'li a, want or defi¬ 
ciency of chyle.— obi-go-chy'mi a, want or defi¬ 
ciency of chyme.— oH-go-co'pri a, scantiness of 
excrement.— obi-go-cys'tic, consisting of or con¬ 
taining but few cysts.— obi-go-cy-thae'mi a, defi¬ 
ciency of red corpuscles in the blood, usually due 
to their hypoplasia in the cytogenous organs; oli- 
goglobulia. is-An.iEmia ; chlorosis ; hypoglobu- 
lia; leukaemia; microcyth.emia. — obi-go-cy- 
to'sis = OLIGOCYTH.EMIA. — obi-go-dac'ry a, de¬ 
ficiency in the secretion of tears.— obi-go-dac- 
tyl'i a, congenital lack of one or more fingers or 
toes.— obi-goser*y-thro-cy-thae'mi a, a deficiency 
of red bloodscorpuscles or of their coloring matter. 
— obi-go-ga-lac'ti a, obi-go-gal'i a, want or defi¬ 
ciency of milk. — obi-go-glo-bu'li a = oligocy- 
THiEMiA. — obi-go-hae'mi a = oligemia. — obi- 
go-hy-dram'ni os, deficiency or absence of the 
amniotic fluid.— obi-go-hy'dri a = OLiGHYDRiA. — 
obi-go-ma'ni a, insanity in respect to a few sub¬ 
jects or faculties, tsr Monomania. — obi-go-mas'- 
ti-gote, provided with only two flagella. Dl. 
’09.] — obi-go-men-or-rhoe'a, defective menstrual 
flow.— obi-go-mor'phic, passing through only a 
few stages of growth: applied to organisms.— 
obi-go-ni-troph'i-lous, obi-go-ni'tro-phile, hav¬ 
ing the power to assimilate and utilize atmos¬ 
pheric nitrogen: said of organisms that occur 
freely in nature and develop in nutrient media 
containing combined nitrogen.— obi-go-pep'si a, 
weak digestion. — obi-go-pha'sia. [H I. M. ’05.] 

— obi-go-phos-pha-tu'ri a, decrease or deficiency 

of the phosphates in the urine.— obi-go-phre'ni a, 
imbecility.— obi-go-pi-o'ni a, emaciation; loss of 
flesh.— obi-go-plas'mi a, deficiency of plasm in 
the blood, fol’i'go-plas'tic. — obi-go-pnoe'a, re¬ 
tarded breathing."' ’09.]— obi-go-po'sia, 

-po'sy, decrease in the quantity of fluids ingested. 

— obi-go-psy'chi a, idiocy; imbecility.— obi-go- 
py-re-nae'mi a, deficiency of red bloodscorpuscles; 
oligocythaemia.— ol-i-go'ri a, deficient suscepti¬ 
bility to external stimuli.— obi-go-si-a'li a, defi¬ 
ciency of saliva.— obi-go-sid-e-rae'mi a, deficiency 
of haemosiderin of red bloodscells. [TI I. M. ’06.] 

— obi-go-sper'mi a, -sper'ma-tism, want or defi¬ 
ciency of semen. tol’i-gO“Sper-mat'ic. — obi-go- 
spon'dy-lus, a monster having a smaller number 
of vertebrae than normal. 

— ©bi-go-spo-rid'i a, a suborder of protozoan 
microsorganisms, or coccidia, some of which are 
pathogenic. They produce spores which divide, 
each one forming several sickle^shaped reproduc¬ 
tive bodies. — obi-go-ste-a-to'sis, deficiency of 
sebaceous secretion.— obi-go-trich'i a, deficiency 
or thinness of the hair; alopecia congenita.— 
ol-i-got'ro-phy, obi-go-tro'phi a, deficient nutri¬ 
tion . tol-i-got'ro-phous. — obi-go-zo-5-sper mi a 


OLIVA 


646 


OMENTUM 


-sper'ma-tism, deficiency of spermatozoa in the 
semen.— ol*i-gu-re'sis, oM-gu'ri a, ol*i-gu-re'si a, 

scantiness in the urinary secretion, Anuria; 
POLYURIA. — ol-i-gy'dri a = olighydria. 

o-li'va*. The Latin for olive. [< k'kaia olive.] 

ol'i-va-ry. 01ive»shaped; like an olive: applied in 
anatomy to ganglia, etc. O. body, one of the 
oval prominences situated laterad to the anterior 
pyramids of the medulla oblongata and containing 
the olivary nuclei; olivary eminence; oliva*. O. 
body, superior, a small collection of nervescells in 
the tegmentum of the pons, having connections 
with the anterolateral columns of the cord, the 
nucleus of the sixth nerve, the roof nucleus, the 
accessory auditory nucleus, and the posterior cor¬ 
pora quadrigemina; nucleus olivaris superior*. 
O. eminence, i. A prominence on the body of 
the sphenoid bone in front of the pituitary fos¬ 
sa; olivary process; tuherculum sellae*. 2. = O. 
BODY. O. fasciculus, the lateral column of the 
medulla oblongata. O. nucleus, i. = 0 . body. 
2. Any one of the three nuclei composing the 
olivary body, they being the inferior o. nucleus, 
a corrugated sack*like lamina of gray matter be¬ 
neath the olivary body; nucleus olivaris inferior* ; 
and the accessory o. nuclei, two masses of gray 
matter, lying respectively mesially (nucleus oli¬ 
varis accessorius medialis*) and dorsally (nucleus 
olivaris accessorius dorsalis*) to the olivary body; 
accessory olive; nucleus juxtasolivaris. O. pe¬ 
duncle, the fibres of white matter passing from 
the inferior olivary nucleus and connecting it with 
the cerebellar cortex. O. process = O. eminence, 
def. I. O. sulcus, either of the two grooves which 
separate the olivary body from the adjoining por¬ 
tions of the medulla oblongata. One is called the 
lateral olivary sulcus, the other the median olivary 
sulcus. O. tubercle, the metencephalic anlage 
of the olivary body. 

ol'ive. I. The tree O'lea europce'a, of Europe, and 
also its fruit, which furnishes olive oil. O. gum, 
a stimulant, gummy exudation from the bark of 
the olivestree. It has mildly tonic qualities, but 
is now seldom used. O. oil, a fixed oil expressed 
from the ripe fruit of O'lea europce'a; oleum olivce*. 
It is derived from the pulp or pericarp, not from 
the seed. Olive oil is bland, nutritious, and 
mildly laxative. Externally applied, it is useful 
in relaxing the skin and protecting irritated sur¬ 
faces from the action of the air. In pharmacy 
it is largely used as a constituent of liniments, 
ointments, and cerates. Dose, 30 Cc. (i fl. oz.). 
2. = Olivary body. Accessory o., olivary 
NUCLEUS, def. 2. Superior o., olivary body. 
Superior o. of Luys = tegmental nucleus. 

01 ‘i-versCar-da-rel'li’s sign (symptom). =Oliver’s 
SIGN. 

0 -liv'e-rin. A preparation derived from the bark 
of O'lea europce'a: used instead of quinine. 

Ol'i-ver’s haematimeter or haemacytometer. An in¬ 
strument for estimating the blood^corpuscles by 
means of their optical effects. O.’s haemoglo- 
binometer, an instrument for measuring the per¬ 
centage of haemoglobin. It consists of a series of 
12 tinted glass disks, corresponding to haemoglobin 
percentages from 10 to 120, intermediate degrees 
being measured by riders. O.’s sign (symptom), 
a tugging sensation synchronous with cardiac sys¬ 
tole when the larynx is pressed upward between 
the thumb and the finger in aneurism of the 
arch and thoracic aorta; Porter’s sign. O.’s test 
for albumin, introduce a mixture of equal parts 


of a I; 4 solution of sodium tungstate and a 1: 6 
solution of citric acid underneath the suspected 
urine. A white ring- formed at the junction of 
the two liquids shows the presence of albumin. 
O.’s test for sugar = indigo»carmin test. 
ol-i-vif'u-gal. Moving or turning away from the 
olive. [< Olive to flee.] 
ol'i-vil. A starchy, crystalline principle, ^14^18^5' 
obtainable from olive gum. 
ol'i -vin. A substance obtained by the action of 
sulphuric acid upon salicin. 
ol-i-vip'e-tal. Moving or turning toward the olive, 
ol'iv-ite. A bitter, crystalline substance contained 
in unripe olives and in olive leaves. 

Ollier’s layer (oVi-erz). = Osteogenetic layer. 
O.’s method or operation, a plastic operation for 
restoring the nose, in which flaps are taken from 
the forehead and from the stump of the nose, 
ol-o-phlyc'tis. A small, hot eruption; herpes. [< 
b?io 6 c evil, bad (p^-vl^eiv to boil.] 
ol-o-pho'ni a. Defective speech (as from harelip). 
Olshausen’s operation (ols'hau-zenz). The fixation 
of the uterus to the ventral wall for the cure of 
retroversion; Koeberle’s operation, 
ol-ut-kom'bul, ol'ut kum'bool. =Abroma augusta. 
o'ly. The oily scum found on molten metal. [F.] 
-oma, pi. -omata. A suffix denoting a morbid condi¬ 
tion. especially a tumor, as in fibroma, myoma, etc. 
o-ma-ceph'a-lus. A monster with an imperfectly 
developed head and no arms. [ < shoulder 
-t- a neg. -+- Ke<paAr; head.] fo-ma-ce-pha'li a. 
o-mag'ra. Gout in the shoulder; pain of the shoul¬ 
der; arthritis urica articulationis humeri. [< 
(bjuog shoulder-f dypa seizure.] 
o'mal. = Trichlorphenol. 

o-mal'gia, O. rheumat'ica. Pain or neuralgia of 
the shoulder; deltoid rheumatism, Omodynia. 
o-mar-thri'tis. Inflammation of the shouldersjoint. 
o-mar-throc'a-ce. Arthrocace of the shouldersjoint. 
o-ma'sum. =Manyplies. 
o-mat'e al. Pertaining to the omentum, 
o-ma-to'ci a. Premature or untimely birth; omo- 
tocia. [< untimely-frd/cof birth.] 
om'bro-phore. An apparatus for giving a douche 
of carbonated water. 

o'me-ga angle. The angle between the radius fixus 
and a line joining the hormion and the lambda. 
O. melancho'lium, a sign of melancholy in which 
the skin is folded like the Greek letter omega (u) 
between the eyebrows; Schiile’s sign, 
o-men'tal. Belonging to the omentum; omenteal. 
O. artery, a branch of the hepatic artery to the 
omentum. O. bursa = bursa omentalis*. O. 
foramen = Winslow’s foramen. O. hernia = 
EPiPLOCELE. O. sac, the lesser peritoneal cavity. 
O. tuber = TUBER omentale*. 
o-men-ti'tis. Inflammation of the omentum; epi- 
ploitis. [< L. omen'turn caul.] 
o-men'to-cele. = Epiplocele. 
o-men'to-pex-y. = Talma’s operation. 
o-men-to-splen'o-pex-y. Omentopexy and spleno¬ 
pexy to produce complementary circulation in 
the liver and spleen, 
o-men'tu-lum. = Omentum minus. 
o-men'tum. A duplicature of the peritoneum, with 
more or less fat interposed, connected with the 
stomach; epiploon. Gastrocolic o. i. A part of 
the omentum majus attached to the greater curva¬ 
ture of the stomach above and to the transverse 
colon below. 2. =0. majus*. Gastrohepatic o. 
= 0. MINUS*. Gastrosplenic o., a part of the 
omentum majus fastening the stomach to the 


OMICHESIS 


647 


OMPHALO- 


spleen; during fetal life it sometimes becomes 
attached to the testes and may be included in an 
inguinal hernia. Haller’s colic o., a process from 
the greater omentum sometimes attached to the 
testis in fetal life: it may become part of an 
inguinal hernia. [IfD/.’09.] Hepaticogastric o. 
= O. MINUS*. O. ma'jus*, greater omentum, a 
fold of the peritoneum which arises from the whole 
of the great curvature of the stomach, or as far 
as the spleen, descending over the intestines to 
the navel, and sometimes into the pelvis; gas¬ 
trocolic omentum: great omentum. O.mi'nus*, 
lesser omentum, the gastrohepatic omentum, a 
fold* of the peritoneum extending from the trans¬ 
verse fissure of the liver to the small curvature 
of the stomach; O. gastrohepaticum; omentulum. 
Pancreaticosplenic o., a peritoneal fold joining 
the tail of the pancreas and the lower part of 
the inner surface of the spleen. [L., “ caul.”] 
o-mi-che'sis. The act of passing water; micturition. 

[< bfiLx^lv to make water.] 
om'i-chol. A basic substance obtained from urine, 
om-i-chol'ic acid. A red acid found in decomposing 
urine. 

om-i-cho'lin. A red, resinous compound, 
causing the fetid odor of stale urine, 
o-mi'tis. Inflammation of or in the shoulder. [< 
shoulder.] 

om’ma-to-spin-the-ris'mus. Flashes of light in the 
eye. [< bjijia eye+GTTivdrjp'i^eiv to emit sparks.] 
Omn. bih., Omn. hor., Omn. m., Omn. noct., Omn. 

quad. hor. Abbreviations for which see omni. 
om'ne an'imal ex o'vo, om'ne vi'vens e ger'mine, 
om'ne vi'vum e vi'vo, om'nis cel'lula e cel'lula 
om'nis nu'cleus e nu'cleo. Maxims implying the 
relationship of every living organism or tissue* 
constituent to a similar antecedent. [L., “every 
animal from an ovum ” ; “ everything living from 
a germ”; “every living thing from a living 
thing”; “ every cell from a cell ” ; “ every nucleus 
from a nucleus.”] 

om'ni biho'ra. “ Every two hours ”: abbr. omn. bih. 
O. ho'ra, “every hour”: abbr. omn. hor. O. 
ma'ne, “every morning”: abbr. omn. m. O. 
noc'te, “ every night ”: abbr. omn. noct. O. quad- 
ran'te ho'ra, “ every quarter of an hour”: abbr. 
omn. quad. hor. 

om-niv'o-rous. Feeding or subsisting on food of 
all kinds. [< L. om'nis aW+vora're to eat.] 
o'mo-. Denoting relation or connection with the 
shoulder: a combining form. [< shoulder.] 
o’mo-at-lan'ti-cus, the levator claviculae.— o‘mo- 
bra-chi-a'lis, the coracobrachialis muscle.— o-mo- 
ceph'a-lus = omacephalus. — o'mo-cer-vi-ca'lis, 
the levator anguli scapulae muscle.— o*mo-cla- 
vic'u-lar, relating to the shoulder and the clavicle. 
O. ligament = coRACOCLAVicuLAR ligament. O. 
triangle == subclavian triangle. — o-mo-cot'y- 
le = glenoid cavity. — o-mo-dyn'ia, rheumatic 
pain in the shoulder.— o-mo-hy'oid, pertaining to 
the shoulder and hyoid bone. O. muscle, a double* 
bellied muscle which arises from the scapula and 
is inserted into the hyoid bone, depressing that 
bone and the lower jaw; musculus omohyoideus*. 
O. triangle, the superior carotid triangle. — o'mo- 
plate, o-mo-pla'ta = scapula. — o*mo-pla*to-hy- 
oi'de us = OMOHYOID MUSCLE. — o-mo-ster'num, 
the interarticular cartilage of the sternoclavicular 
articulation, fo-mo-ster'nal. — o’mo-stro-pho'sis, 
dislocation of the shoulder.— o-mo-thy're-oid, 
o-mo-thy'roid, a variety of the omohyoid muscle 
which has an attachment to the inferior cornu of 


the thyroid cartilage.— o-mo-tra'che-al triangle, 
the inferior carotid triangle. — o'mo-zone, the 
shouldersgirdle. 

o-mo-pha'gi a. The eating of raw food. [< cofiog 
crude + (payeIV to eat.] fo-moph'a-gous. 

o'mo-ral, -rol. A proprietary silver*albumin com¬ 
pound. 

o-mo-to'ci a. A miscarriage or untimely birth. [< 
(opog crude, untimely-f ro/cof birth.] 

om'pha-cine oil. The juice expressed from unripe 
olives. [< bpupa^ unripe fruit.] 

Ompha'lea oleif'era. Tambor oil. 

om'pha-lo-, om'phal-. Pertaining or relating to 
the navel: combining forms. [< b/j,(paA 6 g navel.] 
om-pha-lec'to-my, surgical excision of the navel 
to relieve umbilical hernia; Keen’s operation.— 
om’pha-lel-co'sis, ulceration of the umbilicus.— 
om-pha-lex'o-che, umbilical hernia.— om-phal'ic, 
belonging to the umbilicus, or navel. O. duct = 
OMPHALOMESENTERIC DUCT. — om-pha-lis'tcr, a 
knife for cutting the navel*string.— om-pha-li'tis, 
inflammation of the umbilicus or of its vessels. 
O. neonato'rum, ulceration of the umbilicus, often 
causing granular proliferation, fungus umbilicalis, 
and vascular growths. — om'pha-lo-cele, protru¬ 
sion of a portion of bowel or omentum, or both, 
at the umbilicus; umbilical hernia.— om‘pha-lo- 
cra-ni-o-did'y-mus, a twin monstro.sity in which 
the parasite is attached by its umbilical portion 
to the head of the autosite.— om'pha-lo-dym'i a, 
a twin monstrosity with the trunks joined in the 
umbilical region. Somatodymia. — om'pha-los 

en-ter'ic, relating to the navel and the intestine. 

— om'pha-loid, resembling the navel.— om-pha- 

lol'y-sis, division of the umbilical cord.— om'pha- 
lo-mes-en-ter'ic, om-pha-lo-mes-a-ra'ic, pertain¬ 
ing to the umbilicus and the mesentery. O. arte¬ 
ries, arteries given off by the primitive aorta of 
the embryo and branching in the area vasculosa: 
they are partly represented in th'e adult by the 
superior mesenteric artery. O. canal or duct, a 
duct connecting the fetal alimentary canal with the 
umbilical vesicle; omphalic duct; umbilical stalk; 
vitelline duct. O. vein. i. One of two veins re¬ 
turning the blood from the area vasculosa to the 
primitive heart; vitelline vein. 2. A vein of the 
embryo in a later stage which receives the mesen¬ 
teric veins and empties into the umbilical vein.— 
om'pha-lo-mon-o-did'y-mus, twins joined at the 
umbilicus. — om-pha-lon'cus, a hard tumor or 
swelling of the navel.— om'pha-lo-neu-rex'is, the 
tearing of the navel*cord. — om-pha-lo-neu'ron, 
the umbilical cord. om-pha-lo-neu-ro-strep'sis, 
a twisting of the umbilical cord while the foetus 
is in the womb, causing the death of the child 
from arrested circulation.— om-pha-lop'a-gus, a 
monster composed of twins confluent on their 
ventral surfaces and having a common umbilicus 
and but one funis. Thoracopagus. — om*pha- 

lo-phle-bi'tis, inflammation of the umbilical vein. 

— om’pha-lo-phleg'mo-ne, inflammation of the 
umbilicus. — om*pha-lo-phy'ma, a boil or other 
swelling at the navel.— om-pha-lo-prop-to'sis, 
prolapse of the umbilicus. — om*pha-lor-rha'gi a, 
hemorrhage from the umbilicus.— om'pha-lor- 
rhex'is, rupture of the umbilical cord.— om*pha- 
lor-rhoe'a, an effusion of lymph from the umbili¬ 
cus.— om'pha-los, the umbilicus or navel.— om'- 
pha-lo-site, a monstrosity incapable of living after 
the navel*string is cut.— om’pha-lo-so'ter, a de¬ 
vice for saving the life of a foetus by replacing a 
prolapsed funis. — om'pha-lo-spi'nous line, a 


OMUNONO 


648 


ONYCH- 


Hne drawn from the centre of the umbilicus to 
the anterior superior spinous process of the ilium. 

— om-pha-lo-tac-te'ri um, -tac'ter, a repositor for 
the umbilical cord, fom-pha-lo-tax'is.— om'pha- 
lo-tome, an instrument for dividing the umbili- 

. cal cord.— om-pha-lot'o-my. i. Division of the 
umbilical cord. 2. Formerly a name for the ob¬ 
stetrical art. — om-phal'o-tribe, a crushing instru¬ 
ment used for separation of the umbilical cord, 
tom-pha-lo-trip'sy. — om'pha-lus = Omphalos. 
om-u-no'no. A local name for framboesia. 
o-na'ge, o-na'ye. A virulent African arrow^poison 
from the .seeds of Strophan'thus his'pidus. 
o'nan-i^m. =1. Masturbation in the male. 2. 
More correctly, the intentional avoidance of the 
due completion of the act of sexual congress; con- 
gressus interruptus. [< L onanis'mus, it. Onan: 
see Genesis xxxviii, 9.] fo'nan-ist. o-na-nis'tic. 
on-cho-cer-ci a-sis. Parasitic nodules of the family 
Filariidse, genus Onchocer'ca, found in the frozen 
quarters of beef; worm^nest; white kernel, 
on'co-. Pertaining or relating to a tumor: a com¬ 
bining form. [< oy/cof a tumor or bulk.] on'co- 
graph, an apparatus for recording the results ob¬ 
tained from the oncometer, fon-cog'ra-phy.— 
on-coFo-gy, that branch of medicine which treats 
of tumors, fon-co-log'ic.— on-co'ma, an obso¬ 
lete name for a tumor. — on-com'e-ter, an appa¬ 
ratus, as that of Roy, for measuring the variations 
in size or bulk of certain organs, such as the kid¬ 
ney, spleen, etc. fon-co-met'ric. on-com'e-try. 

— on-co'sis, the progress or formation of a boil or 
tumor. —on'co-sphere, on-co-sphae'ra, the embryo 
of the Bothriocephalus latus or other tapeworm.— 
on-co-thlip'sis, the pressure of a tumor on parts 
under or near it. — on-cot'o-my, the cutting, exci¬ 
sion, or opening of a boil, tumor, or abscess. 

on'come. An attack of disease, especially a sudden 
and obscure attack. [< On -I- come.] 

-one. A suffix indicating, in chemical com¬ 
pounds, that the substance belongs to the ketone 
group, R.CO.R': thus propanone or acetone is 
CH3.CO.CH3. Peptone is an exception. 
o-neFric, o-ni'ric. Relating to or attended by 
dreams or visions. [< bveipov dream.] 
o-neFrism. A condition similar to the dream state, 
in which the hallucination is prolonged into the 
waking state. [< bveipov dream.] 
o-nei'ro-. Relating or pertaining to dreams: a com¬ 
bining form. [< opfipov dream.] o-nei-ro-crit'ics, 
diagnosis in which a patient’s dreams are con¬ 
sidered in determining the nature of a disorder. 

— o-nei-ro-dyn'i a, disturbance or restlessness of 
the imagination during sleep; incubus; nightmare. 

Somnambulism. O. acti'va, sleep-walking, or 
somnambulism. O. gra'vans, nightmare. — o-nei- 
rog'mus, o-nei*ro-gon-or-rhce'a, o-nei-rog'o-nos, 
o-nei-rog'o-nus, a nocturnal emission of semen, 
as during dreams. — o-nei-roFo-gy, the doctrine 
or theory of dreams; the science of dreams.— 
o-nei-ro-no'sus, morbid and uneasy dreaming, 
o’ni-o-ma'ni a. An insane desire to buy all sorts of 
things. [< u)VLoq to be bought + pavia madness.] 
on'ion. A bulbous liliaceous plant, Al'lium ce'pa, 
remarkable for its peculiar, pungent, alliaceous 
odor. The bulb is a nutritious and wholesome 
aliment, eaten raw or cooked. It is used in med¬ 
icine as a stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, and 
rubefacient. O. syrup, a favorite domestic medi¬ 
cine in cases of cough, cold, and croup, given 
chiefly to children. O. poultices are also used in 
many conditions. [< L. u'nio onion.] 


o-ni-rog'mus. =Oneirogmus. 

Onis'cus asel'lus. The wood-louse, an insect found 
in rotten wood. It was once regarded as a stim¬ 
ulant and diuretic and employed in jaundice. 
Onithod'orus savign'yi and turica'ta. Species of 
arachnida sometimes parasitic on man. 
on-kin'o-cele. Inflammatory swelling of tendon- 
sheaths. [< byKog mass + Ig fibre + Ki/hi tumor.] 
on'ko-. For words beginning thus see ONCO-. 
o-no-bai'o. A powerful arrow-poison from Obok, 
Africa. It is a cardiac depressant and derived 
from a plant of the genus Carissa. Ouabaio is a 
more correct form. 

on-o-ce'rin. A white, crystalline substance, CjaHooO, 
found in the root of Ono'nis spino'sa. 
on*o-mat-o-la'li a. = Verbigeration. 
on'o-ma-toFo-gy. The science of names; nomen¬ 
clature : a system of rules to be observed in the 
formation of names. ^Nomenclature. [< 
bvopa name -|- kbyog discourse.] 
on'o-mat-o-ma'ni a. i. Morbid distress at one’s 
inability to recall names or words. 2. A morbid 
impulse to repeat or to dwell upon some particu¬ 
lar word. 3. A mark of psychical degeneration, 
consisting in attacks of fear, palpitation of the 
heart, difficulty in breathing, etc., sometimes 
unconsciousness, at the sight of an unfamiliar 
word or book. [< bvopa name + pavia madness.] 
Ono'nis. A genus of leguminous plants. The root 
of O. spino'sa, a European shrub, has been used 
as a diuretic and from it are obtained onocerin ; 
o-non'e-tin, by dissociation from onospin ; o-no'- 
nid, a neutral principle, Cj8H220g; o-no'nin, a 
tasteless and odorless glucoside, C30H34OJ3; and 
o-nos'pin, by dissociation from ononIn. O.sgly- 
cyrrhizin = ononid. 

on'set. The attack or beginning of a disease; a 
sudden attack. 

on-to-gen'e-sis, on-tog'e-ny. The history of the 
embryological development of the individual be¬ 
ing. Phylogenesis. [< oprof participle 
of elvai to be + yeveotg birth.] foi'To-ge-neFic, 
as O. terms, termini ontogenetici. 
on-toFo-gy. Medical ontology, fon-to-log'- 
i-cal. 

o-ny-a'lia, -lai. An African disease in which a 
number of hard pustules containing coagulated 
blood appear in the mouth: accompanied by 
haematuria and sometimes jaundice, 
on'ych-, on'y-cho-. Relating to the nails: combin¬ 
ing forms. [< bvv^ nail.] on’y-cha-tro'phi a, 
atrophy or wasting of the substance of the nails. 

— on-y-chaux'e, on-y-chaux'is, hypertrophy or 
enlargement of a nail.— o-nych'i a. i. Inflam¬ 
mation of the matrix of a nail. 2. An abscess 
near the nail of a finger ; whitlow, Onycho¬ 
mycosis. O. latera'lis = paronychia. O. ma- 
lig'na, onychia with loss of the nail and an ex¬ 
tremely foetid ulceration; occurring chiefly in 
debilitated persons or as the result of traumatism. 
O. sim'plex, onychia in which ulceration is slight 
and the nail is lost and likely to be replaced by 
a new one. O. syphilit'ica, syphilitic disease of 
the nails, causing them to become brittle and to 
fracture.— on-y-chis-te'ri on, an instrument used 
for cutting or trimming nails.— on-y-chFtis, in¬ 
flammation about the nail of a finger or toe. 

— on*y-cho-cam'pe = onychogryposis. — on-y- 
choc'la-sis, the fracture of a toe-nail or finger¬ 
nail.— on‘y-cho-clFne, the bed of the nail.— on-y- 
cho-cryp-to'sis, ingrowing of a nail.— o-nych'o- 
gram, a record of tracings made by the onycho- 


OWYM 


649 


OOSPORE 


graph.— o-nych'o-graph, an instrument for re¬ 
cording capillary blood*pressure in the finger* 
tips, t on-y-chog'ra-phy. — on*y-cho-gry-po'sis, 
on'y-cho-gry-pho'sis, a hooked or incurved state 
of the nails, due to a hyperplastic condition of the 
matrix; onychocampe; curvatura unguium, tm- 
Digitus hippocraticus; spoon*nail. — on*y- 
cho-hel-co'sis, ulceration of the nail.— on'y-choid, 
like or resembling a nail.— on-y-cho-lep'ra, leprosy 
with involvement of the nails.— on-y-chol'y-sis, 
loosening of the nails.— on-y-cho'ma, a tumor of 
the nailsbed. — on*y-cho-my-co'sis, a diseased 
condition of a nail or nails, due to the presence 
of a pathogenic fungus, and characterized by a 
desquamative, dirtyeyellow surface of the nails. 
i»- Onychia. O. circina'ta, ton'surans, or tri- 
chophyti'na, onychomycosis caused by Trichoph'- 
yton ton'surans. O. favo'sa, onychomycosis due 
to Acho'rion schonlei'ni, the favus fungus, fon*- 
y-cho-my-cot'ic.— on-y-chon'o-sos, on-y-chon'o- 
sus, disease of the fingersnails or toe»nails.— on*- 
y-cho-path'ic, relating to affections or diseases of 
the nails.— on*y-cho-pa-thol'o-gy, that branch of 
pathology dealing with the affections and dis¬ 
eases of the nails. ton*y-cho-path-o-log'i-cal. 
[U/.A .M.A. ’o6.] — on-y-choph'a-gy, morbid in¬ 
clination to bite the nails, considered as a mark 
of degeneration by some recent investigators, 
ton-y-choph'a-gist. — on’y-cho-pho'sis, horny in¬ 
durations beneath the toe*nails. — omy-cho- 
phy'ma, enlargement or morbid thickening of the 
nail; an abnormally thickened nail.— on’y-chop- 
to^sis, a falling off of the nails; loss of a nail or 
nails.— on’y-chor-rhex'is, splitting and consequent 
shedding of the nails.— on’y-chor-rhi'za, the root 
of the nail.— on*y-cho-sar-co'ma, a fleshy growth 
around an ingrowing nail.— on-y-cho'sis, any dis¬ 
ease of the nails.— on’y-cho-stro'ma = onycho- 
CLiNE. — on'y-chos-tro-mel-co'sis, ulceration of 
the matrix of the nails.— on-y-choth'la-sis, a bruis¬ 
ing or crushing of the nails.— on‘y-chy-phae'mi a, 
effusion of blood under the nail, 
on'ym. A technical name or term. [< name.] 

fon'y-mal, on-y-mat'ic. 

o'nyx. I. A nail of the fingers or toes. 2. A small 
collection of matter in the anterior chamber of 
the eye, or between the layers of the cornea. 

Hypopyon. [< owf nail.] 
o-nyx'is. i. A sinking or immersion of the nails into 
the flesh; ingrowing nail. 2. = Onychia. 
on-yx-i'tis. = Onychitis. 

0'6-blast. The primitive or germinal ovum; a cell 
which develops into an ovum, fo-o-blas'tic. 
o-6-booswai'oo. A Bengalese name for beriberi. 
0-6-ca-lym'ma, o-6-ca-lyp'trum. The cortical mem¬ 
brane or outer covering of the ovum. [< (^ 6 v 
egg -t- KaAvfXjua or KaAVTzrpa covering.] 
o-d-ceph'a-ly. = Trigonocephaly. [^Gt.'og.] 
0-6-cy'an. The blue or green coloring material 
found in the eggsshells of birds, consisting partly 
of biliverdin and partly of a blue derivative of the 
bile*pigments. [< ipov egg + Kvavoc dark blue.] 
o*6-cy-e'sis. An ovarian pregnancy. 

0'6-cyst. A spore*cyst; that stage of development 
in the malarial parasite in which the vermicules 
encyst themselves; zygote; sporoblast. [IjE. ’06.] 
o'6-cyte. The primary ovarian egg*cell previous to 
the formation of polar bodies; ovocyte. 
0-6-de'o-cele. = Obturator HERNIA. [<<povegg 
+ el 6 og like-f/v7^r) hernia.] 

o-6g'a-my. The sexual process of reproduction by 
means of dissimilar gametes. to-6g'a-mous. 


0-6-gen'e-sis, o-6g'e-ny, o-6-go-ne'sis. The origi¬ 
nation and development of ova. fo'd-ge-net'ic. 
o-6-go'ni um, pi. oogo'nia. 1. The original cell which 
gives rise to the ovarian egg. 2. A special female 
cell in Al'gcB which, contracting, produces the 
oosphere. [< (S 6 i> egg + y 6 vp generation.] 
o'6id. = Ovoid. 

0’6-ki-ne'sis. The movements and changes of form 
of the ovum during its early development, c*" 
Karyokinesis. 

0-6-kin'ete, 0-6-ki-net'. The motile fertilized mac¬ 
rogamete of the malarial parasite; vermiculus. 

Oocyst; sporozoit. [ 1 [ E. ’06.] 
0-6-le-cith'y-men. The vitelline membrane. [< 
(Jov egg -f "keKidog yolk of egg -t- vfXTjv membrane.] 
0-6-lem'ma. The vitelline membrane, or zona pel- 
lucida. [< (p 6 v egg-y 'At:ppa skin.] 

O-61'o-gy. =OvOLOGY. 

o'6-phor-, o-6ph'o-ro-. Relating to the ovary; 
OARIO-; OVAR10-: combining forms. ^Ovo-. 

[ <aJdr egg + (popelv to bear.] o’d-pho-ral'gi a, 
ovarian neuralgia; pain in the ovarian region.— 
o*6-pho-raux'e, -raux'is, enlargement of the ovary. 

— o'6-pho-rec'to-my, excision of one ovary (sin¬ 
gle o.) or of both (double o.)-, female castration; 
spaying; ovariotomy. — o-6-pho'ri a, hysterical 
symptoms dependent on the ovaries. — o-6ph'o- 
rin, an organotherapeutic preparation obtained 
from the fresh ovaries of cows and hogs: used in 
amenorrhoea. Dose, 1.5 Gm. (20 grs.).— o’6-pho- 
ri'tis = OVARITIS. O. sero'sa, a form of ovaritis 
marked by smooth, enlarged, swollen, oedematous 
ovaries and usually described as oedema of the 
ovary: said to be due to gonorrhoea and pelvic 
inflammation, or secondary to fevers and mumps, 
and leading often to prolapse.—o-6ph*o-ro-cys-to'- 
sis, the formation of ovarian cysts.— o-6ph‘o-ros 
ep'i-lep-sy, epilepsy depending on ovarian disease. 

— o-6ph'o-ro-hys-te-rec'to-my, surgical excision 
of the womb and ovaries; Porro’s operation.— 
o’6ph-o-ro'ma, a metastatic dermoid cyst of the 
ovary.— o-6ph*o-ro-ma-la'ci a, softening of the 
tissues of the ovary.— o-6ph‘o-ro-ma'ni a, insan¬ 
ity caused or brought on by ovarian disease.— 
o-6ph'0-ro-my-e-lo'ma, a myeloma or encephalo- 
ma of the ovary.— o-6ph'o-ron, literally, “ bear¬ 
ing or containing ova ”; the ovarium, or ovary ; 
oophorum. — o*6ph-o-rop'a-thy, disease of the 
ovary. — o-6ph*o-ro-pe'li-o-pex-y, o-6ph'o-ro- 
pex-y = ADNEXOPEXY. — o-6ph*o-ro-sal-pin-gec'- 
to-my, the surgical removal of an ovary and its 
tube. — o'6-pho-ros'to-my, the formation of an 
opening in an ovarian cyst for purposes of drain¬ 
age.— o-6-phor'rha-phy, the suturing of the hilum 
of a displaced or wandering ovary to a point near 
its normal position.— o-6ph'o-rum — oophoron. 

0-6-plas'nia. The vitellus. [< (p 6 i> egg-f-TrAocraerr 
to form.] 

o-6-rho'de-in, o-6-ro'de-in. The red coloring matter 
found in certain birds’ eggs. cs-Oocyan. 
o'6-scope. An instrument for observing the de¬ 
velopment of an ovum. 

0'6-sperm. A fertilized ovum. [< (fiov egg-yaireppa 
semen.] 

06 s'pora. A genus of fungi. O. bo'vis, a name 
suggested for the fungus causing actinomycosis. 
O. guiguar'di, a fungus causing carbonate of lime 
to deposit in the connective tissue of the walls of 
cystic tumors and skeletal nodosities. O. pro'teus 
= StREPTOTHRIX PROTEUS. [< WOr egg -f (1770/00 
.seed.] 

o'6-spore. A fertilized ovum. 


o5thectomy 


650 


OPHELIA CHIRATA 


o-6-thtc'to-my. = 06phorectomy. 
o-ii-to'ci a. Discharge of an ovum from the ovary, 
o-pac'i-ty. i. Incapability of transmitting light: 
the reverse of transparency. 2. Any defect in the 
transparency of the cornea, fo-pac-i-fi-ca'tion, the 
process of becoming opaque, as of the lens or cornea, 
o-pa-les'cin, o-pal'i-sin. An opalescent proteid. rich 
in sulphur, found in human milk and in smaller 
quantities in mares’ and cows’ milk, 
o'pal-ine (o-pa-les'cent) patch. A whitish patch 
formed in the mouth in syphilis; plaque opaline. 
Opalinop'sis nucleoba'ta. [1 /. A. il/. A. ij. ’09.] 
o-paque'. Impervious to rays of light; dark; shady; 
not diaphanous in any degree: applied also to 
a surface that is dull and not shining. O. nerves 
fibres, continuations of the medullary sheaths of 
the optic nervesfibres beyond the lamina cribrosa; 
seen with the ophthalmoscope as white, feathery 
patches on the retina. [< L. opa'cus shady.] 
o'pe or op'e. =Foramen*. [< ott/) opening.]' 
o-pei'do-scope. A device for studying the voice by 
means of light: the sounds waves affect a mirror 
whose vibrations throw a moving beam of light 
upon a screen. [ < 01/) voice 4 -form + -scope.] 
o'pen. Spread out; exposed to the air; interrupted; 
patulous. O.sair treatment, the treatment of dis¬ 
ease, especially tuberculosis, by having the patient 
live outdoors as much as possible, both day and 
night. O. circuit, m- circuit. O. dislocation, ^ 
DISLOCATION. O.seyed needle, a needle the eye 
of which is not completely closed, but is formed 
like a hook. O. method, a method of administer¬ 
ing an anaesthetic in which there is a bountiful 
supply of air. O. operation, an operation in which 
the parts operated upon are exposed to the air. 
O. tuberculosis, any variety of tuberculosis in 
which the bacilli gain access to the air; superfi¬ 
cial, dermal, or pulmonary tuberculosis. 
Closed tuberculosis. O. wound, one involving 
the skin or mucous membrane, 
o'pen-ing. = Aperture {apertura*) \ foramen*; 
interruption, as of an electric current. O. con¬ 
traction, a contraction produced in a muscle at 
the moment of breaking an electric current. O. 
of the glottis = APERTURE OF THE LARYNX, 
o'pe-o-cele. Hernia through the obturator foramen, 
op'e-ra-phone. A proprietary name for an instru¬ 
ment to aid in impaired hearing. Dl. ’06.] 
op'er-ate. To work; to effect; to perform an oper¬ 
ation. In the transitive sense the word is some¬ 
times misused, as in operate a patient for oper¬ 
ate on a patient. [< L. opera'ri to work; o'pus 
work.] fop'er-a-ble, capa¬ 
ble of being operated upon, 
with probability of im¬ 
provement or cure, op'er- 
ant. I. Operative; effect¬ 
ive. 2. One who operates; 
an operator, op'er-a-ting, 
as O. room, a room especi¬ 
ally fitted out with appli¬ 
ances for the performance 
of surgical operations: O. 
stool, see cut: and O. table, 
a table on which a person 
is placed for operation, 
op-e-ra'tion. The performance of any of the greater 
acts of surgery, as amputation or excision of a 
limb or part, tying of arteries, etc. The term is 
also applied to chemical and pharmaceutical pro¬ 
cesses and manipulations, such as solution, distil¬ 
lation, evaporation, infusion, and decoction. For 


the many specially named operations, see Abbe’s, 
Abernethy’s, Adams’s, Alexander’s, Allar* 
ton’s, Allingham’s (H.), Alouette’s, Amus* 
sat’s, Anel’s, Annandale’s, Antyllus’s, AppO' 
LiTo’s, ArltsJ^sche’s, Bassini’s, Battey’s, 
Baum’s, Bent’s, Bigelow’s, Bobb’s, Bonzel’s, 
Bottini’s, Bryant’s, Buzzi’s, Callisen’s, Capi¬ 
tal, Carnochan’s, Cheyne’s, Chiene’s, Cho- 
part’s. Cock’s, Cooper’s, Cosmetic, Crede’s, 
Czerny’s, Dallas’s, Davat’s, Daviel’s, Davies* 
Colley’s, Del Toro’s, Denan’s, Denonvil- 
lier’s, Dieffenbach’s, Dowell’s, Doyen’s, 
Dudley’s, Duplay’s, Dupuyiren' s (= Lis- 
FRANc’s), Ely’s, Emmet’s, Equilibrating, Est- 
lander’s, Fehling’s, Franco’s, Frank’s, 
Freund’s, Galbiati’s, Gant’s, Gritti’s, Gross- 
mann’s, Halpin’s, Halsied’s (ts“ Bassini’s), 
Hancock’s, Handyside’s, Hartley^Krause’s, 
Hegar’s, Heinike^AIikulicz' s (= pyloroplasty), 
Heinicke’s, Hey’s, Hochenegg’s, Holmes’s, 
Hunter’s, Indian, /la/fan (= tagliacotian), 
Jordan’s, Keegan’s, Keen’s (= omphalectomy), 
Kehrer’s, Key’s, Kilian’s, Knapp’s, Kocher’s, 
Koeberle’s (= Olshausen’s), Kraske’s sa¬ 
crectomy), Kronlein’s, Laborie’s, Landolt’s, 
Lange’s (=Whitehead’s), Lannelongue’s, Lar- 
rey’s. Lexer’s, Lisfranc’s, Littre’s, Lorenz’s, 
Loreta’s, Lund’s, McBurney’s, McDowell’s, 
Macewen’s, Major, Matas’s, Maydl’s, Mer- 
cier’s, Mikulicz’s (= Wladimiroff’s), Minor, 
Muller’s, Mules’s, Olshausen’s, Open, Pal¬ 
liative, Panas’s, Pean’s, Phelps’s, Physick’s, 
Pirogoff’s, Pitts’s, Plastic, Politzer’s, Pol¬ 
lock’s, PorrosMuller’s, Porro’s, Porro* 
Veit’s, Power’s, Quaglino’s, Radical, Rams- 
den’s, Regnoli’s, Reverdin’s, Roberts’s, 
Rose’s, Saemisch’s, Sanger’s, Salzer’s, 
Sayre’s, Schede’s, Schroder’s, Schwartze’s, 
Si^dillot’s, Senn’s (i^Senn’s bone plates), Si- 
gaull’s (= symphyseotomy). Smith’s, Stacke’s, 
Subcutaneous, Syme’s, Tagliacotian, Tait’s, 
Talma’s, Teale’s, Thiersch’s, Thomas’s, Van 
Buren’s, Van Hook’s (= uretero*ureteros- 
tomy), Wardrop’s, Weir’s, Wheelhouse’s 
urethrotomy), Whitehead’s, White’s, Wini¬ 
warter’s, Wladimiroff’s, Wutzer’s, Wyeth’s, 
and Wylie’s. O. of election, selection. O. 
of necessity, an operation that must be per¬ 
formed at once in order to preserve life. 
[< L. opera'tio, fr. opera'ri to operate or work.] 
op'e-ra-tive. i. Relating to an operation. 2. Effec¬ 
tive; capable of acting. O. dentistry, the depart¬ 
ment of dentistry which has to do with the opera¬ 
tive or surgical treatment of the teeth. O. sur¬ 
gery, surgery which treats especially of operations, 
op'e-ra-tor. A surgeon who performs an operation 
or who is in the habit of performing the greater 
acts of surgery; an operant, 
o-per'cu-lum*, pi. oper'cula. i. A lid or cover, as 
O. cu'tis, the epidermis; O. laryn'gis, the epi¬ 
glottis. 2. That part of the cerebrum which 
covers over the island of Reil; Arnold’s opercu¬ 
lum; Burdach’s operculum; operculum insulae. 
It is formed by the subfrontal, precentral, post- 
central, and inferior central convolutions. O. il'ei, 
the ileocaecal valve. O. in'sulae = operculum, 
def. 2. O. oc'uli, the eyelids. O. sel'lae, the dura 
mater covering the pituitary body. [L.] fo-per'- 
cu-lar, as O. convolution, Mendel’s convolution. 
Ophelia chira'ta. An East Indian bitter, used like 
gentian and other bitters, from which the tonic 
and febrifuge o-phel'ic acid, CijEgoO,,,, is obtained. 



Operating Stool. 
















OPHIASIS 


651 


OPHTHALMO- 


o-phi' a-sis. A variety of area (or baldness) which 
spreads in a serpentine form around both sides 
of the head from the occiput, ts* Alopecia ; 
CALViTiES. [< d(j)ig serpent.] 
o-phid'i a. An order of the reptilia, including the 
serpents and snakes, fo-phid'i an. o-phid'ism, 
poisoning by snake=venom. 
oph*i-o-gas-tro-ma'ni a. The insane belief that there 
is a living serpent in one’s stomach, 
oph-i-o'sis. = Ophiasis. 

oph-i-o-tox'in. The toxic element of cobra venom. 

It seems related to the vegetable sapotoxins. 
oph-i-ox'y-lum, oph-i-ox'y-lon. A genus of apocy- 
naceous plants. The East Indian .species O. ser- 
penii'num contains the drug muv'go, txsed against 
the venom of serpents, and oph-i-ox'y-lin, 
CjgHjgOg, used as a purgative and anthelmintic. 
[< bipig serpent + wood.] 
oph'ry-, oph'ry-o-. Relating or pertaining to the 
eyebrows: combining forms. [< eyebrow.] 

oph-ry-al'gi a, neuralgia in the brow.— oph-ry- 
i'tis, inflammation of the eyebrows.— ophTy-os 
al-ve'o-losau-ric'u-lar angle, the angle formed by a 
line drawn from the ophryon and one from the 
auricular point meeting at the alveolar point.— 
oph’ry-osin'i ac arc, the arc formed on the surface of 
the skull by a line drawn from the ophryon to the 
inion.— oph'ry-on, the mesial point of a line drawn 
across the forehead so as to touch the upper border 
of the orbit of either eye.— oph'ry-oso-pis'thi ac 
arc, the arc formed on the surface of the skull by 
a line drawn from the ophryon to the opisthion.— 
oph-ry-o'sis, spasm of the eyebrows.— ophTy-o- 
spi'nsd angle, the angle formed between lines drawn 
from the external auditory meatus and from the 
most prominent point of the forehead and meet¬ 
ing at the anterior nasal spine; facial angle of 
Broca; facial angle of Jacquart; facial angle of 
Topinard.— oph*ryph-thei-ri'a-sis, lousiness of the 
eyebrows.— oph-ryt'ic, relating to the brows, 
oph-thal-mag'ra. Sudden pain of the eye, gouty 
in its nature or otherwise. [< b(j>da 7 ^[i 6 Q eye-l- 
aypa seizure.] 

oph-thal-mal'gi a. = Ophthalmodynia. toph- 
thal-mal'gic. 

oph'thal-man-thra-co'sis. Ulcer of the eyelid. 
oph*thal-ma-tro'phi a. Atrophy of the eye. 
oph"thal-mec-chy-mo'sis. Effusion of blood under 
the conjunctiva. 

oph-thal-mec'to-my. Surgical removal of an eye. 
oph‘thal-mem-i-cra'ni a. = Epileptiform amau¬ 
rosis. 

oph*thal-men-ceph'a-lon. ’That part of the eye de¬ 
veloped from the brain. 

oph-thaTmi a, oph-thal'my. Inflammation of the 
eye, especially inflammation originating in the 
superficial structures of the organ, such as the 
varieties of conjunctivitis or the phlyctaenulas 
which sometimes appear on the cornea and may 
give rise to shallow ulcers; St. Clair’s disease. &• 
Conjunctivitis; iritis; keratitis; trachoma. 
Specially named varieties of ophthalmia other 
than those given below are Arthritic (= glau¬ 
coma), Brazilian, Catarrhal, Caterpillar, 
Diphtheritic, Egyptian, Gonorrhceal, Granu¬ 
lar (=trachoma), Jequirity, Metastatic, Mu¬ 
cous (—catarrhal). Neuroparalytic, Phlyctenu¬ 
lar, Purulent, Scrofulous, Spring, Sympathetic, 
and Varicose. O. ar'ida = xerophthalmia. O. 
bel'lica or contagio'sa = trachoma. O. epiph'ora, 
ophthalmia marked by excessive lachrymation. 
0. exter'na = catarrhal ophthalmia, O. mi- 


grato'ria = SYMPATHETIC iritis. 0. milita'ris=s 

TRACHOMA. O. mUCO'sa = CATARRHAL OPHTHAL¬ 
MIA. O. neonato'rum, a kind of purulent ophthal¬ 
mia usually from gonorrhoeal infection at birth. 
O. neuroparalyt'ica, a form of ophthalmia with 
perforation of the cornea and conjunctivitis, from 
paralysis of the trigeminal nerve. 0 . nodo'sa = 
caterpillar ophthalmia. O.pyorrho'ica== GON¬ 
ORRHCEAL OPHTHALMIA. O. tar'si = BLEPHARITIS 
MARGINALIA. [< CKpOaXfiog eye.] 

oph-thal-mi-at'rics. The treatment of diseases of 
the eye. toph-thal'mi-a-ter, an oculist. oph- 
thal-mi-at'ric. 

oph-thal'mic. Belonging to or connected with the 
eye. O. artery, a branch of the internal carotid 
artery to the eye and adjacent parts, including 
the orbit, forehead, and nasal cavities; arteria 
ophthalmica*. O. ganglion = ciliary ganglion 
O. nerve, the first division of the trifacial nerve, 
leaving the cranium by the sphenoidal fissure and 
dividing into the lachrymal, frontal, and nasal 
nerves; nervus ophthalmicus"^. O. neuralgia, neu¬ 
ralgia of the ophthalmic nerve. O. plexus, a 
plexus of sympathetic nerves surrounding the 
ophthalmic artery; plexus ophthalmicus*. O. 
sinus = CAVERNOUS SINUS. O. spirit, an eyewash 
composed of alcohol, with a little of the oils of 
rosemary and lavender. O. tract, the optic tract. 
O. vein, a vein returning the blood from the eye 
and empt5’-ing into the sphenoidal sinus. O. vein, 
inferior, a vein in the lower part of the orbit, 
anastomosing with the facial and emptying into 
the ophthalmic vein or the cavernous sinus. 

oph-thal'mine. The contagious principle of purulent 
ophthalmia. 

oph-thal'mist. = Ophthalmologist. 

oph-thal-mi'tis. Inflammation of the eye, more 
especially of the bulb or globe of the eye, with its 
membranes, Panophthalmitis. Sympathetic 
o. = SYMPATHETIC IRITIS, foph-thal-mit'ic. 

oph-thal'mo-. Pertaining to or denoting relation 
to the eye: a combining form, Oculo-. [< 
bipOaljuog eye.] oph-thaPmo-bi-ot'ic, pertaining 
to the physiology and development of the eye.— 
oph-thaPmo-blen-nor-rhce'a =gonorrhceal oph¬ 
thalmia. — oph-thal-moc'a-ce, decay or gangrene 
of the eye.— oph-thaPmo-car-ci-no'ma, cancer of 
the eye. — oph-thal'mo-cele = exophthalmos. — 
oph-thal‘mo-cen-te'sis, the surgical puncture of 
the eye. — oph-thahmo-con-junc-ti-vi'tis = con¬ 
junctivitis. — oph-thal-mo-co'pi a, fatigue or 
weariness of the eye.— oph-thakmo-des-mi'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the tendons of the eye^muscles.— 
oph-thakmo-di-ag-no'sis, diagnosis by Calmette’s 
reaction.— oph-thal*nio-di-as-tim'e-ter, an instru¬ 
ment used in determining the proper distance 
apart at which to place lenses for the two eyes, and 
to fix their proper axial adjustment.— oph-thal'- 
mo-do-ne'sis, an oscillatory or trembling move¬ 
ment of the eye.— oph-thal-mo-dy-na-mom'e-ter, 
a device for testing the power of convergence of 
the eyes.— oph-thal-mo-dyn'i a, violent pain in the 
eye, not the effect of inflammation.— oph-thal- 
moe-de'ma, oedema the conjunctiva or of the 
eyelids.— oph-thal-mog'ra-phy, a description of 
the eye.— oph-thakmo-hy-dror-rhoe'a, watery flow 
from the eyes; ophthalmydrorrhoea.— oph-thal'- 
mol, a proprietary preparation used in granular 
lids.— oph-thal-mo-leu'co-scope, an instrument 
employing polarized light to test the color^sense.— 
oph-thal'mo-lith, a lachrymal calculus; dacryolite 
— oph-thal-mol'o-gy, that part of medicine which 


OPHTHALMO- 


652 


OPHTHALMYMENITIS 


treats of the eye, foph-thal-mol'c-gist ; oph- 
thal-mo-log'i-cal. — oph-thal-mo-ly'ma, destruc¬ 
tion or deterioration of the eyeball.— oph-thal*- 
mo-ma-cro'sis, enlargement of the eyeballs. — 
oph-tbaPmo-ma-la'cia, preternatural or morbid 
softness and diminution of the tension of the eye¬ 
ball. O. intermit'tens, a variety in which the 
tension decreases for a time and then becomes 
normal again.— oph-thabmo-mel-a-no'sis, mela¬ 
notic pigmentation of the eyeball. — oph-thal- 
mom'e-ter, an instrument for measuring the 
capacity of the chambers of the eye, the eye as a 
whole, or for determining the curvature of the 
comeal surface and ascertaining its refractive 
power, Horopter; opsiometer. foph-thal- 
mo-met'ric; oph-thal-mom'e-try.— oph-thal-mo- 
mi'cro-scope, an instrument for examining the in¬ 
terior of the eye. — oph-thal-mo-my'ces, disease 
of the eye due to a fungous growth. — oph-thal*- 
mo-my-i'tis, oph-thal*mo-my-o-si'tis, inflamma¬ 
tion of the eyesmuscles. — oph-thaPmo-my-ot'- 
o-my, the cutting of one or more eye^muscles.— 
oph-thal-mon'cus, tumor on or affecting the eye. 
— oph-thaPmo-neu-ri'tis, a neuritis affecting the 
peripheral parts of the ophthalmic nerve (fifth 
pair). — oph-thal*mo-neu-ro-me'ninx, oph-thal*- 
mo-neu-ry'men = retina. — oph-thal‘mo-no-sol'- 
o-gy, the science of diseases of the eye.— oph- 
thal’ino-par-a-cen-te'sis, incision into any of 
the coats of the eye.— oph-thal'mo-pa-ral'y-sis, 
paralysis of eyesmuscles.— oph-thal-mop'a-thy, 
any disease of the eyes, distinguished as external 
when it affects the lids, conjunctiva, cornea, or 
eye*muscles, and internal when it affects the deep 
parts. — oph-thal*mo-pe-riph-e-ri'tis, inflamma¬ 
tion of parts adjacent to the eye.— oph-thaPmo- 
pha-com'e-ter, an instrument for measuring the 
curvature of the crystalline lens, Ophthal¬ 
mometer. — oph-thal'mo-phan-tom, a model with 
a face in which the eyes of animals are inserted, 
for practice in ophthalmic surgery.— oph-thaP- 
mo-phle-bot'o-my, blood*letting from a conjunc¬ 
tival vein. — oph-thal-moph'thi-sis, wasting or 
diminution of the eyeballs.— oph-thal-mo-phy'ma, 
a tumor of the eye.— oph-thal'mo-plas-ty, plastic 
surgery of the eye.— oph-thal-mo-ple'gi a, see 
entry at end of this list.— oph-thal’mo-pleu-ro- 
ple'gi a = PLEUROPLEGiA. —oph-thaPmo-pro-sop'- 
sis, the power of the eye to adjust itself to see 
near or distant objects. — oph-thal’mo-pros-ta- 
tom'e-ter, an instrument for measuring the pro¬ 
trusion of the eyes.— oph-thal-mop-to'ma, oph- 
thal-mop-to'sis, procidentia oculi, or protrusion 
of the eyeball, sometimes caused by a tumor or 
abscess within the orbit, — oph-thal‘mo-py-or- 
rhoe'a = purulent ophthalmia. — oph-th^-mo- 
py'ra, epidemic conjunctivitis. — oph-thal'mosre- 
ac’tion = Calmette’s reaction. — oph-thal-mor- 
rha'gi a, hemorrhage from the eye or orbit.— 
oph-thal-mor-rhex'is, a bursting or disruption of 
the eyeball.— oph-thal-mor-rhoe'a, an oozing, as 
of blood, from the eye.— oph-thal'mo-scope, see 
entry at end of this list. — oph-thaPmo-scop- 
tom'e-ter, an instrument fbr determining the re¬ 
fraction of the eye. — oph-thal'mo-spasm, spasm 
of the eyesmuscles. — oph-thal-mo-spin'the-rism, 
a subjective sensation of flashes of light in the 
eye.— oph-thal-mos'ta-sis, the use of the oph- 
thaPmo-stat, it being an instrument for holding 
the eye in one position during an operation; a 
blepharostat.— oph-thal*mo-sta-tom'e-ter, an in¬ 
strument for determining the position of the eyes. 


t oph-thal*mo-sta-tom'e-try. — oph-thaPmo-stc- 
re'sis, absence of the eye.— oph-thal-mo-syn'- 
chy-sis, a mingling of the humors of the eye, the 
result of disease or 
injury.— oph-thaP- 
mo-ther-a-peu'tics, 
oph-thal-mo-ther'a- 
py, the treatment 
of diseases of the 
eye.— oph-thaPmo- 
ther-mom'e-ter, an 
instrument for 
measuring the tem¬ 
perature of the eye. 

— oph-thal-mot'o- 
my, the dissection 
or the surgical cut¬ 
ting of the eyeball. 

— oph-thaPmo-to- 
nom'e-ter, a device 
by means of which 
to estimate the tension of the globe of the eye. 
foph-thaPmo-to-nom'e-try. — oph-thal'mo-trope, 
a model of the eye so arranged as to imitate the 
movements of the real eyeball.— oph-thaPmo-tro- 
pom'e-ter, an instrument for measuring the move¬ 
ments of the eye. topti*thal*mo-tro-pom'e-try. — 
oph-thaPmox-e-ro'sis = xerophthalmia. — oph- 
thal-mox-y'sis, the surgical operation of scraping 
the conjunctiva by an instrument (oph-thal-mox- 
ys'ter) consisting of a brush with barbs, i®* Scrat- 
TAGE. — opb-thal-mo-zo'on, any entozobn parasite 
within the eye. 

oph-thal-mo-ple'gi a. Paralysis of the muscles of 
the eyeball, due to diseased conditions of the 
ganglia of the 3d, 4th, and 6th cranial nerves. 
According to the muscles involved it is termed 
external or internal and according to degree par¬ 
tial or total. Specially named varieties are Basal, 
Fascicular, Nuclear, Orbital, Parinaud’s, 
Progressive, and Sauvineau’s, [< bipOa^po^- 
eye -f- Tzhjyri stroke.] fopli'thal-nio-ple'gic. 

oph-thal'mo-scope. An instrument for facilitating 
examination of the eye by lighting up its interior, 
as by electricity, in such a manner as to render 
the contained structures clearly visible by the 
use of proper lenses. It consists essentially of a 
slightly concave mirror with a small central per¬ 
foration ; or, if the mirror be of silvered glass, the 
silvering is removed from a small circle in the 
centre. The diameter of the central aperture is 
about 3 mm. Examination with the aid of this 
instrument is known as oph-thal-mos'co-py, and 
is termed direct when the ophthalmoscope is 
placed close to the eye of the patient, and an erect 
virtual image is obtained; indirect when a lens is 
held before the patient’s eye, which gives an in¬ 
verted aerial image, and this image is examined 
by the observer at some distance from the patient; 
medical when for diagnosis of disease by obser¬ 
vance of intersocular changes, as in many diseases 
of the nervous system, kidneys, blood, etc.; and 
metric when for measuring the refractive power 
of the eye. 0(j>da?.p6g eye o'/coTreZp to view.] 
toph-thal-mo-scop'ic. oph-thal-mos'co-pist. 

oph-thal'mus. The eye. 

oph-thal'my. = Ophthalmia, 

oph-thal-my'a-los. The vitreous humor of the eye. 
oph-thaPmy-dror-rhoe'a. = Ophthalmohydror- 

RHCEA. 

oph-thaPmy-me-ni'tis. Inflammation of the mem¬ 
branes of the eye. 











OPIANE 


653 


OPIUM 


o'pi-ane. = Narcotine. 

o-pi-an'ic acid. Bitter prismatic crystals. C,oH,oOs, 
from narcotine by oxidation, 
o-pi-an'ine. A crystalline alkaloid, C6gH.2N302, de¬ 
rived from opium: similar in action to morphine, 
o'pi-a-nyl. =Meconin. 
o'pi-ate. A medicine containing opium, 
o'pii pul'vis*. Powdered opium, the opium being 
dried at -a temperature not exceeding 85° C. 
(185° F.) and reduced to a very fine powder. 
When assayed by the U. S. P. process it should 
yield not less than 12% nor more than 12.5% of 
crystallized morphine. Powdered opium of a 
higher percentage may be made to conform to 
this standard by mixing with powdered opium of 
a lower percentage or with sugar of milk in proper 
proportions. Dose, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.). 
o'pi-o-. Relating to opium: a combining form. [< 
oKiov, fr, oTToc juice.] o'pi-o-cap'nism, -kap'nism, 
opium=smoking.— o‘pi-o-ma'ni a, intense craving 
for opium, fo'pi-o-nia'ni ac. — o-pi-o'nin, a crys¬ 
talline substance from Smyrna opium.— o-pi-oph'- 
a-gism, o-pi-oph'a-gy, o-pi-o-pha'gi a, the habitual 
use of opium as a stimulant and narcotic, 
Morphinism; narcomania. fo'pGo-pha-gis'tic. 
o-pis-than'trus. A skull in which the vertical from 
the most projecting point of the torus frontalis 
to the radius fixus lies behind the vertical from 
the nasion to the radius fixus by a distance of i 
to 6 mm. [< oTTiaBev behind-fourpop cave.] 
o-pis'the-nar. The back of the hand, 
o-pis'thi on. In craniometry, the median point on 
the posterior margin of the foramen magnum. 
[K oTriaOiog rear.] tO"Pis'thi o-, relating to the 
opisthion: a combining form, as in opisthiohasial 
{-nasial), relating to the opisthion and the basion 
(nasion). 

o-pis'tho-. Denoting behind or backward: a com¬ 
bining form. [ < bmoBev behind.] o-pis-tho- 
breg'mus, a skull in which the line drawn from 
the hormion to the bregma makes an angle of 
from 55.5° to 68° with the radius fixus.— o-pis-tho- 
ceph'a-lon. i . The occiput ; the back of the head. 
2 . The aftersbrain. — o-pis-tho-chas'mus, a skull 
in which a line from the basion to the staphylion 
makes an angle of 13° to 26° with the radius 
fixus.— o-pis‘tho-cy-pho'sis = opisthokyphosis. 

— o-pis-tho-gas'tric, situated behind the stomach. 

— o-pis-thog'na-thous, having the teeth inclined 
backward, fo-pis-thog-na'thism. — o-pis*tho-ky- 
pho^sis, permanent backward curvature of the 
spine, the dorsal aspect being convex.— o-pis*- 
tho-me-loph'o-rus, a monster having supernumer¬ 
ary limbs on the back.— o-pis'tho-phal-a-cro'sis, 
alopecia localized at the back of the head.— 
o-pis’tho-po-rei'a, -po-ri'a, involuntary walking 
backward.— Opisthor'chis feline'us, a species of 
parasitic trematode worms; Dis'iomum sibir'icum. 
O. nover'ca, a liver fluke of India. O. sinen'sis, 

Clonorchis endemicus. — o-pis’tho-sy-ne'cia, 
SYNECHIA posterior.— o-pis-thot'e-nar, the erec¬ 
tor spinae muscle.— o-pis-thot'ic, situated behind 
the ear. O. bone, the hind part of the petrous 
portion of the temporal bone. O. centre, the cen¬ 
tre of ossification lor the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone. — op-is-thoFo-nos, op-is-thot'o- 
nus, that form of tetanic spasm in which the 
body is bent backward, the ventral aspect being 
convex. Emprosthotonus ; tetanus. (See 
illustration, next column.) fo-pis-tho-ton'ic ; 
o-pis-thot'o-noid. — o-pis-tho-zy-go'sis, posterior 
fusion in conjoined twins. 


Opitz’s glands (o'pfts-iz). Peculiar glandular for¬ 
mations found in the uterine mucosa, thought 
by Opitz to be produced by pregnancy, but which 
are produced also by menstruation. O.’s sign. 
[Hy. A. AI. A. Corson, p. 478.] 



o'pi um*. The concrete milky exudation obtained 
by incising the unripe capsules of Papa'ver som- 
nif'erum Linne (Fam. Papavera'cece), and yielding 
in its normal moist condition not less than 9% of 
crystallized morphine when assayed according to 
the U. S. P. process. Many alkaloids are contained 
in opium, the most important of which is mor¬ 
phine; among others are Codeine, Narceine, 
Narcotine, Papaverine, Paramorphine, Pseu¬ 
domorphine, Thebaine, etc. The local effects 
of opium are the production of analgesia and 
anaesthesia in the surfaces with which it is in 
contact. The general or diffuse effects of opium 
are, (i) in moderate dose, increase in the fulness 
and force of the pulse, augmentation of the tem¬ 
perature of the skin, relaxation of the muscles, 
stimulation of the senses, followed by sleep, etc.; 
(2) in stronger dose, nausea, vomiting, frontal 
headache, general trembling, contraction of the 
pupil of the eye, troubled sleep, dreams, and in¬ 
somnia; (3) in toxic dose, convulsions, cold sweat, 
complete coma, paralysis of the reflexes, death 
ensuing from suspension of respiration and the 
consequent asphyxia. Children, many women, 
and nervous subjects are especially sensitive to 
the effects of opium. Opium is employed as a 
narcotic, soporific, and sedative for the relief of 
pain of all kinds, in insomnia, in delirium tremens, 
etc.; as an analgesic and ancesthetic, in neuralgia, 
gastralgia, nephritis, enteralgia, etc.; as an anti- 
spasmodic, in tetanus, eclampsia, hysteria, violent 
cough, especially of nervous origin, colic, etc.; to 
check secretions, in ptyalism, diarrhoea, dysenter}’, 
etc.; and as a sudorific, in cholera and intermit¬ 
tent fevers. Dose, o.i Gm. (i^ gr.). The official 
preparations of opium are Acetum opii*, Emplas- 
TRUM opii*, Extractum opii*, Opii pulvis*. 
Opium deodoratum*. Opium granulatum*, 
PiLUL.® OPII*, Pulvis ipecacuanh.® et opii*, 
Tinctura opii*. Tinctura opii camphorata*, 
Tinctura opii deodorati*, Trochisci glycyr- 
RHiz^ ET opii*, and Vinum opii*. O. deodora'- 
tum*, deodorized opium, a product formed by 
macerating powdered opium with purified petro¬ 
leum benzin and evaporating. When assayed 
according to the U. S. P. process for morphine, it 
should yield not less than 12% nor more than 
12^% of this alkaloid. Dose, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.). 
©.seating = OPIOPHAGISM. O. granula'tum*, gran¬ 
ulated opium. The opium is reduced to a coarse 
powder and corresponds in strength and dose to 
O. deodora'tum. O. habit, the habitual use of 
opium. O. habitu6, one addicted to the use of 
opium. O.slettuce, Lactu'ca viro'sa. O. plaster— 
EMPLASTRUM OPII*. O. SHloking = OPIOCAPNISM. 
[< omov, fr. oTTof juice.] -j-o'pi-um-ism, chronic 
opium poisoning. 







OPO- 


f)54 


OPSONIC 


o'po-. Denoting a juice or extraction, usually in 
the form of an organotherapeutic preparation: a 
combining form. [ < bwog juice.] o-po-bal'sam, 
-bal' sa-mum, balm of Gilead; balsam of 

Mecca — o-po-cer'e-brin, an extract from the 
gray brainssubstance: used in anaemia and ner¬ 
vous diseases. Dose, 0.2 to 0.4 Gm. (3 to 6 grs.). 

— o-po-cor'di-mn, a preparation obtained from 
the heartssubstance.— O'po-en-te-ri'num, a toxin* 
free preparation from the duodenal mucosa: used 
in pancreatic deficiency Dose, 0.3 to 0.5 Gm. 
(5 to 8 grs.).— o‘po-hep-a-toi'din, an extract from 
the liver of animals: used in diseases of the liver 
and in epistaxis. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (8 grs.).— o'po- 
hy-poph'y-sin, a preparation from the hypophysis 
cerebri: used in acromegalia. Dose, 0.05 Gm. 
(I — o-po-li'e-nin, an extract from the spleen: 
used in leukaemia, malarial cachexia, and hyper¬ 
trophy of the spleen. Dose, 2 to 6 Gm. (30 to 
90 grs.).— o-po-mam'min, a preparation from the 
mammary gland: used in diseases of the womb. 
Dose, 1.5 Gtn. (24 grs.).— o'po-me-dul'lin, a prep¬ 
aration from red bone*marrow used in anaemia, 
chlorosis, leukaemia, etc. Dose, 0.2 to i Gm. (3 
to 15 grs.) — o-po-or'chi-din, an extract from 
the testicles of animals: used in nervous and 
spinal diseases. Dose, 0.5 to i Gm (8 to 15 grs.). 

— o-po-os'se in, -6s'si in, a preparation from 
yellow bone*marrow: used in rickets and osteo¬ 
malacia. Dose, 0.2 to I Gm (3 to 15 grs.).— 
o*po-6-va'ri in, an extract from ovaries of animals: 
used in chlorosis, ovarian disturbances, and hys¬ 
teria. Dose, 0.2 to 0.8 Gm. (3 to 12 grs.).— o-pop'- 
a-nax, a gum resin formed by the concrete 
juice of the roots of Opop'anax chiro'nium: 
formerly used as an antispasmodic, like asafoetida. 

— o'po-pan-cre'a-tin, an extract from the pan¬ 
creas: used in diabetes mellitus. Dose, 0.2 to 
0.8 Gm. (3 to 12 grs.).— o-po-pros'ta-tin, a prep¬ 
aration from prostate glands of animals: used 
in enlargement of the prostate. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 
grs.).— o-po-ren'in, -ren'iin, an extract from the 
kidneys of animals: used in nephritis and uraemia. 
Dose, 0.5 to 0.8 Gm. (8 to 12 grs.).— o'pos, 
juice that has been expressed.— o*po-su-pra-re'- 
na-lin, a preparation from the suprarenal capsules 
of animals: used in diabetes mellitus, neuras¬ 
thenia, etc. Dose, 0.2 to 0.4 Gm. (3 to 6 grs.).— 
o-po-ther-a-peu'tics, o-po-ther'a-py = organo¬ 
therapy. — o-po-thy'min, -thy'miin, an extract 
from the thymus of young animals: used in 
Graves’s disease, leukaemia, etc. Dose, 0.2 to 0.5 
Gm. (3 to 8 grs.).— o‘po-thy-roi'din, a prepara¬ 
tion from the thyroid glands of animals: used 
in goitre, cretinism, myxoedema, obesity, etc. 
Dose, 0.05 to o.i Gm. (f to gr.). 

op-o-ceph'a-lus. A monster with the ears approx¬ 
imated or united under the head, with no mouth 
or nose, and jaws only partially developed. [ < 
face 4- KEcpaTJf head.] 

op-o-del'doc. =Linimentum saponatoscamphor- 

ATUM. 

op-o-did'y-mus, op-od'y-mus. A monster having 
one head and two faces united at the zygomatic 
arches. [< wi/; face-t- didvjxo^ twin.] 

o-po'do-cele, op-o-de'o-cele. Obturator hernia. 
[ < birij opening -f ^elv to close + tumor.] 

op-o'pian bones. The bones of the orbit. [< 
bn uni] sight.] 

o-pot*o-mo-cath'e-ter. An elastic catheter with 
a stylet. [< bni] opening + ropi] cutting + cath¬ 
eter.] 


Op'penheim’s sign. The same toe*reflex as in 
Babinski’s sign, but obtained by forcibly strok¬ 
ing from above downward the medial surface of 
the leg near the posterior margin of the tibia, 
op-pi-la'tion. = Obstipation ; constipation. [< 
L. oppila're to obstruct.] fop'pi-la-tive. 
Op'polz-er’s sign. On palpation in serofibrinous 
pericarditis the pulsation of the apex of the heart 
changes in location with alteration of the position 
of the patient. 

op-po'nens. Opposing; a muscle which brings one 
part opposite another. O. hallu'cis, a muscle, 
accessory to the adductor hallucis, frequently 
seen in man. O. min'imi di'giti, a muscle arising 
from the lower part of the annular ligament and 
from the unciform process, and inserted on the 
inner surface of the fifth metacarpal bone; M. 
opponens digiti quinii^. O. min'imi di'giti pe'dis, 
a supernumerary muscle of the foot on the inner 
border of the FLEXOR brevis minimi digiti pedis, 
and inserted into the fifth metatarsal bone. O. 
pol'licis, a muscle which arises from the annular 
ligament of the wrist and from the trapezium, 
and is inserted into the metacarpal bone of the 
thumb; M. opponens pollicis*. It brings the 
thumb inward, thus opposing it to the fingers. [L.] 
op-po-si'tion. Angular motion; the state of being 
placed over against another thing. 
op-pos*i-ti-po'lar. Having poles at opposite ex¬ 
tremities; said of nerve*cells. 
op-pres'sion. A sensation of weight in a part; the 
state of being oppressed. Angina pectoris; 
depression; dysthymia; incubus. 
op'si-gone. A wisdom tooth. [ <i bip'iyovog)ate^hovn.] 
op -sin'o-gen. The theoretical substance from which 
opsonin is produced. 

op -si-om'e-ter. An instrument for estimating the 
power of vision; optometer. [< bxjjcg sight-f 
peTfjov measure.] 

op'si-o-no'sis. A disorder of vision. [< bipic vision 
+ v6<Tog disease.] 

op-so-ma'ni a. A morbid appetite for some dainty 
or special article of food. [< 6i/;op dainty-f mania.] 
t op-so-ma'ni ac. 


ruBE/iCULO- 



Opsonic Index. Graphic record of fluctuations. 


op-son'ic. Relating to OPSONIN. O. index, the rela¬ 
tive phagocytic power of the blood, found by the 
division of the average number of bacteria of a 































































































OPSONIN 


655 


OPTIC 


Mark 


Opsonic 

I N DEX. 
— Dilu¬ 
ting pi¬ 
pette. 


given kind which will be taken up by a leucocyte 
of an individual’s blood by the number of bac¬ 
teria of the same kind which will be taken up by 
a leucocyte of the blood of a normal 
individual. For a short time after in¬ 
oculation with the infecting bacteria 
there is a drop in the opsonic index 
{negative phase) followed by a rise of 
the index {positive phase) or a continu¬ 
ation of the negative phase, depending 
on the size of the dose and the reacting 
power of the individual. O. treatment 

= VACCINE TREATMENT. 

op'so-nin, op'sone. An undetermined, 
unstable substance in the serum of 
the blood that renders bacteria more 
susceptible to ingestion by phagocytes. 

It is found in both normal and im¬ 
mune sera and each individual opsonin 
acts upon only one variety of bacte¬ 
rium ; thus the opsonins for the tubercle 
bacilli act upon only these bacteria, 
those for the staphylococcus only upon 
staphylococci, etc. Opsonins are dis¬ 
tinct antibodies and appear to be of 
two types, opsoniferous and haptophore, 
the former being destroyed by heat¬ 
ing. Agglutinin; antibody; op¬ 
sonic; precipitin; vaccine; Widal’s 
REACTION. [< o'lpov prepared food, 
especially meat; a dainty, Wright 
{A. E.) and Douglas, Proc. Royal Soc. 72. ’03.] 
fop-son-i-fi-ca'tion, immunization with opsonins. 
op-son'i-fied, made sensitive to opsonins. op'so- 
nist. op-so-nol'o-gy. op-so-nol'o-gist. op-so-no- 
met'ric. op-so-nom'e-try. op-son-o-phil'ia, affin¬ 
ity for opsonins, as possessed by certain bacteria, 
op-son-o-ther'a-py, therapeutic employment of 
opsonins and vaccines. 

op-so-pha'gia. Morbid longing for dainties; ab¬ 
normal daintiness. [< d'lpov dainty -|- (payelv to 
eat.] 

op-tac'tin. The line of sight, or axis of vision. [< 
OTTTOQ seen paKTig ray.] 

op-tas-i-os'co-py. The testing of the function of 
the eye without light by pressure and electricity, 
which cause subjective sensations. [< brcTaaia 
vision- 1 -(T/co7reZv to view.] 

op'tic, op'ti-cal. Relating to the organ of vision; 
pertaining to vision or the science of optics. O. 
aberration = ABERRATION, def. 2. O. angle = 
ANGLE OF VISION. O. aphasia, aphasia. O. 
arc, the upper edge of the orbit. O. arteries, 
small branches supplying the optic thalamus, 
and including the external, branches of the striate 
arteries, and the inferior, twigs from the poste¬ 
rior cerebral artery. O. atrophy, atrophy of the 
optic nerve. O. axis. i. The axis of the eye. 2. 
In an anisotropic crystal the direction in which 
a ray of light can pass without double refraction. 
O. canal = O. foramen. O. capsule, a capsule in 
the embryonic head which develops into the 
sclerotic. O. centre, the point on the principal 
axis of the crystalline lens at which the rays 
proceeding from an object cross on their way to 
the retina. O. chiasm or commissure, the cross¬ 
ing and junction of the fibres of the optic nerves 
at the base of the brain; chiasma opticum*: sc 
formed that light falling on either eye from the 
right half of the field of vision affects the left 
side of the brain, and light from the left affects 
the right, the same relation also holding good in 


animals whose eyes are directed partly or wholly 
laterally; in these cases the decussating fibres 
form proportionately more than half of the 
optic nerve. O. cup. i. A depression in the 
anterior part of the primary optic vesicle which 
develops into the retina. 2. A welbmarked 
depression at the centre of the optic disk, at 
the bottom of which the blood*vessels supply¬ 
ing the retina enter. 0. disk or entrance, a 
circular area of light color, situated to the 
nasal side of the macula lutea at the back of 
the retina, it be¬ 
ing the entrance 
of the optic 
nerve and reti- 
nal bloods ves¬ 
sels: light falling 
on this spot is 
not perceived: 
blind spot; optic 


Serum 

papilla; papilla 

Air 

nervus opticus*'. 


porus opticus; 

Bdcteris 

punctum cae¬ 

Air 

cum. 0. fora¬ 

leuc<Kyf0 

men, a round 



Optic Chiasm. —A. Fibres from the 
left side of the brain partly de¬ 
cussating at the chiasm and sup¬ 
plying the left halves of the ret- 
, ina (corresponding to the right 

opening at the j^^lf of the field of vision). B. 
base of the les- Corresponding fibres from the 

qer wincr nf the right side of the brain, which are 
ser wing 01 tne effected by light from the left 

sphenoid bone q£ of vision. C. 

through which Anterior pole of each eye. 

the optic nerve 

passes; foramen opticum"^. O. foramen of the 
sclerotic = porus opticus, def. 2. O. ganglia, 
the corpora quadrigemina. O. ganglia, basal, a 
collection of cells in the tuber cinereum, near the 
optic tract. 0. groove, a groove in the upper sur¬ 
face of the sphenoid, in front of the olivary 
eminence, lodging the optic commissure; sulcus 
chiasmatis*. 0. hyperaesthesia. i. Abnormal 
acuteness of vision. 2. An excessively sensitive 
condition of the eye in which light causes pain. 
O. image, one formed by the reflection or refrac¬ 
tion of rays of light. 0. iridectomy, ts- iridec¬ 
tomy. O. lobes = CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA. O. 
nerve, the nerve which forms the communication 
between the brain and the organ of vision; nervus 
opticus^. The expansion of its orbital extremity 
constitutes the retina. The optic nerves are also 
called the par secundum, or “ second pair,” of the 
encephalic nerves, the olfactory being reckoned 
as the first. O. neurasthenia, neurasthenia 
marked by contraction of the field of vision 
and other visual disturbances. O. neuritis, in¬ 
flammation of the optic nerve. Papillitis. 
O. peduncle, the stalk of the optic vesicle. O. 
radiation, a collection of nervesfibres in the pos¬ 
terior portion of the optic thalamus, probably 
continuous with the optic nerve; radiatio occipito- 
thalamica*. 0. section, the appearance of a 
transparent object under the microscope in such 
position that its profile corresponds closely to 
the appearance of a section. O. stalk = O. pe¬ 
duncle. O. thalamus, each of two eminences 
forming the lateral walls of the third ventricle 
of the brain; thalamus*. O. tract, fibres ex¬ 
tending between the visual centres and the 
optic commissure* tractus opticus*. 0.tubercle, 
either of the corpora quadrigemina. O. ven¬ 
tricles, lateral ventricles. 0. vesicle, the pro¬ 
trusion on each side of the forebrain of the 
foetus which becomes principally the retina. 






OPTICO- 


056 


ORBITAL 


op'ti-co-. Relating to sight or to the optic nerve: 
a combining form. i^Oculo-. [< L. op'ticus 
optic.] op’ti-co-cil'i-a-ry, relating to both the 
optic and the ciliary nerve. O. neurotomy, di¬ 
vision of both the optic and the ciliary nerves, 
done to prevent sympathetic ophthalmia.— op’ti- 
co-ci-ne're a, the gray matter of the optic tract. 
— op’ti-co-pu'pil-la-ry, relating to the optic nerve 
and the pupil.— op‘ti-co-troch*le-i-scle-rot'i-cus, 
the obliquus superior muscle of the eye. 
op'tics. That branch of physical science which 
treats of the phenomena of light and vision, and 
of the instruments by the use of which the faculty 
of vision is aided and improved. ly Optic. [< 
OKTLKOQ Optic.] fop'ti-cal-ly, as O. active, capable 
of rotating the plane of polarized light, op-ti'- 
cian, a maker of spectacles and other optical ap¬ 
pliances. op'ti-cist, one skilled in optics, 
op'ti-mism. An insane exaltation of the mind; 
delirium of grandeur; amenomania. [< L. op'- 
iimus be.st.] 

op'ti-mum. The most favorable condition, as of 
temperature best suited for vital processes, 
op'to-. Denoting relation to the eye or vision: a 
combining form. ^Oculo-: ophthalmo- ; op- 
TICO-. [ < 6;rr<if seen.] op'to-coele, the cavity of an 
optic lobe; the paraqueduct.— op‘to-dy-na-mom'- 
e-ter = optomyometer. — op*to-ei-dom'e-ter, an 
instrument for measuring the acuity of vision. 
— op'to-gram, op'to-graph, the retinal image of 
the object seen, due to the action of light upon 
the visual purple. Epithelial o., an optogram 
marked by clinging pigment=epithelium around 
the exposed locality. [Tf Dl. ’o6.] fop-tog'ra- 
phy.— op-to-me'ninx, the retina.— op-tom'e-ter = 
OPSioMETER. fop-to-met'ric, as O. scale 
M.A.y ’07]. op-tom'e-try. — op*to-my-om'e-ter, 
an instrument for measuring the strength of the 
ocular muscles and locating the near*point.— op'- 
to-scope, an instrument for testing unilateral 
amblyopia.— op'to-state. J. M. ’03, ’05, ’06.]— 

op-to-stri'ate body, the optic thalamus and the 
corpus striatum taken together.— op'to-type, a 
type or letter for testing the vision; test»type 
o-pun'ti a. A genus of cactaceous plants, of which 
the species O. vulga'ris, prickly pear, is used in 
homoeopathic practice, Cactus. 
o'pus. Need: occasion; work. [L] 
o'ra. Margin; edge. O. serra'ta*, serrated border 
or edge, an annular serration which marks the 
anterior limits of the optic part of the retina, 
o'rad. Toward the oral region or the mouth, 
o'ral. Relating to the mouth or uttered by the 
mouth; verbal. O. centre, the centre for the 
movements of the mouth. It is in the ascending 
frontal convolution. O. lobe, &• pituitary body. 
O. pit, the depression on the under fore part of 
the head of the embryo which indicates the posi¬ 
tion of the mouth. O. sepsis, a septic condition 
of the mouth. O. whiff, a whiff heard during ex¬ 
piration, supposed to be a sign of thoracic aneu¬ 
rism. [< L. ora'lis, fr. os, gen. o'ris, mouth.] 
or'ange. i. The fruit of Cit'rus auran'tium, an 
aurantiaceous tree. There are two principal 
varieties of orange, the Bitter and Sweet. [< L. 
auran'tium.] O.sberry, the small unripe fruit of 
Cit'rus vulga'ris. It yields the costly huile des 
petits grains, which is chiefly used in perfumery. 
0.sflowers = AURANTii FLORES. O.sflower Water, 
an aqueous distillate of fresh orange ^flowers: used 
as a vehicle for other medicines. O.sgrass, pine* 
weed, Hyper'icum saro'thra, an American plant, 


used chiefly in domestic medicine. O.spea. i. lie 
small unripe fruit of the Curasao orange: used in 
flavoring liqueurs. 2. An orangesseed used as an 
issue=pea. O.speel, bitter and sweet, aurantii 
AMARi CORTEX* and aurantii dulcis cortex*. 
O.sroot, Hydras'tis canaden'sis. O. wine. i.= 
ViNUM aurantii. 2. A sort of wine made of 
orangesjuice. 2. A color composed of red and 
yellow, Helianthin. 0 . skin. i. =Aurigo, 
def. I. 2. = Peau d’orange. [< L. auran'tium 
orange.] ^OT-&ng 6 ~Side', orange*juice sweetened: 
used as a cooling drink. 

or-ange-ine'. A proprietary medicine advertised to 
the public as containing acetanilide, 2j% grs.; caf¬ 
feine, gr.; sodium bicarbonate, i gr.; and 
homoeopathic tincture of nux vomica, mandrake, 
and blue flag, each i gr. 

or-bic'u-lar. Shaped like an orb; circular in out¬ 
line; circular and flat, like a coin. O. bone = 
ORBicuLARE OS. O. ligament of the radius, the 
ligament surrounding the neck of the radius; the 
annular ligament of the radius; ligamentum an¬ 
nulare radii*. O. syphilide = syphiloderma cir- 
ciNATUM. O. tubercle, a tubercle on the inner 
aspect of the distal end of the long process of the 
incus. It articulates with the stapes, 
orbicula're os. The small orbed bone of the ear 
articulating with the head of the stapes. [L.] 
orbicula'ris a'ni. = Sphincter ani externus. 
O. cilia'ris = sphincter iridis. O. mala'ris, that 
portion of the orbicularis palpebrarum known 
as the malaris muscle. O. oc'uli = orbicula¬ 
ris PALPEBRARUM. O. o'ris, a Collection of 
muscular bands from various sources, consti¬ 
tuting the substance of the lips; constrictor 
oris; osculatorius; sphincter labiorum; M. orbi¬ 
cularis oris*. O. palpebra'rum, a muscle consist¬ 
ing of two parts, the palpebral and the orbital, 
which, respectively, lie within the eyelids and 
surround the margin of the orbit, arising from 
the tarsal ligament, the nasal process of the su¬ 
perior maxillary bone, and the frontal bone, and 
being inserted into the external tarsal ligament 
and surrounding parts of the cheek and orbital 
margin; musculus orbicularis oculi*. It shuts the 
eye. O. sign. [If/. A. M. A. j.’03.] 
or-bic'u-late. Round and flat; orbicular. [< 'L.or- 
bicula'tus, fr. orbic'ulus little circle or ball.] 
or-bic'u-lus. A little circle. O. capsulocilia'ris = 
ZiNN, ZONULE OF. O. Cilia'ris* = ANNULUS CILIA- 
Ris. O. ganglio^sus, the plexus formed by the 
ciliary nerves on the outer surface of the ciliary 
muscle; plexus gangliosus ciliaris*. O. liga- 
mento'sus, the ciliary muscle. [Dim. of L. or'bis 
circle.] 

or-bi-sep'tum. The septum between the orbits, 
or'bit, or'bi-ta*. The bony cavity in which the eye¬ 
ball is situated, the eye being compared to a 
wheel (orbis), and the socket to the rut or cavity 
into which the wheel has sunk. [< L. or'bita 
track or path; the rut of a wheel.] 
or'bi-tal. Belonging to the orbit of the eye. O. 
aneurism, one situated within the orbit of the 
eye. 0 . angle = biorbital angle. O. aponeu- 
rosis= Tenon’s capsule. O. apophyses, the an¬ 
gular processes of the frontal bone. O. arch = 
suPRA*ORBiTAL ARCH. O. artery, a branch of the 
middle temporal artery running above the zygo¬ 
ma to the external angle of the eye. O. breadth, 
the distance from the middle of the inner border 
of the orbit to the middle of the outer border. O. 
canal, the,ethmoidal foramen. O. cavity = orbit 


ORBITARY 


657 


ORCHI- 


O. cellulitis, cellulitis. O. convolutions, the 
convolutions on the orbital surface of the frontal 
lobe of the brain between the limbs of the tri- 
radiate fissure, distinguished as the inner or 
straight convolution, the middle or intermediate 
convolution, and the external or lateral convolu¬ 
tion; gyri orbitales*.^ O. fascia = Tenon’s cap¬ 
sule. O. fissure, a fissure on the orbital surface 
of the frontal lobe, external to the olfactory fis¬ 
sure. O. fissure, anterior or inferior = spheno¬ 
maxillary FISSURE. O. fissure, posterior or su¬ 
perior = sphenoidal FISSURE. 0. foramen, ante¬ 
rior internal, the anterior ethmoidal foramen. O. 
foramen, superior = supra*orbital foramen. 
O. fossa, the cavity of the orbit. O. ganglion = 
CILIARY GANGLION. O. gland = LACHRYMAL 
GL.\ND. O. height, the greatest vertical height of 
the opening of the orbit. O. index, the number 
obtained by dividing the transverse diameter of 
one of the orbits by its vertical diameter and 
multiplying the result by loo. O. lobe, that part 
of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum which lies on 
the orbital plate of the frontal bone. O. margin, 
a welbrnarked angle separating the frontal sur¬ 
face of the frontal lobe from the orbital surface. 
O. muscle, a thin layer of smooth muscle fibres 
in the inferior orbital fissure; M. orbitalis* . O. 
nerve = TEMPOROMALAR NERVE. O. opening, the 
more or less quadrangular entrance into the or¬ 
bital cavity; aditus orbitae*. O. operculum = 
suBOPERCULUM. O. ophthalmoplegia, that due 
to some lesion of the orbit. O. plane, the plane 
passing through the visual axis of each eye. O. 
plate, that portion of the frontal bone which 
forms the roof of the orbit. O. plate of the 
ethmoid, the smooth plate defining the lateral 
mass of the ethmoid bone outwardly, and form¬ 
ing a great part of the inner wall of the orbit; os 
planum; papyrus; lamina papyracea*. O. plate 
of the malar bone, that portion which helps to 
form the lateral and inferior wall of the orbit; 
jades orbitalis*. O. plate of the maxilla, a smooth 
triangular surface forming the floor of the orbit; 
jades orbitalis*. O. point, the lowest point on the 
inferior border of the orbit. 0. point, external, 
that point on the outer edge of the orbit where 
the external angular process of the frontal bone 
joins the malar bone. O. process of the palate 
bone, the pyramidal part of the palate bone 
which helps to form the orbit; processus orbitalis*. 
O. ridge, the edge of the nasal process of the su¬ 
perior maxillary bone to which the tendo oculi is 
attached. O. sulci, the furrows on the orbital 
surface of the frontal lobe of the brain; sulci or- 
bitales*. O. surface, that portion of a bone, as of 
the frontal, sphenoid, maxilla, and zygoma, which 
goes to make up the orbit; jades orbitalis*. O. 
vault, the roof of the orbit. O. vein, a vein ac¬ 
companying the orbital artery. It gathers the 
blood from the eyelids and discharges into the 
middle temporal. [< L. orbita'lis.] 
or'bi-ta-ry, or'bi-tar. Relating to the orbit of the 
eye. [< L. orbita'rius or orbita'ris.] 
ofbi-to-. Relating or pertaining to the orbit; a com¬ 
bining form. [ < L. or'bita, fr. or'bis circle.] ofbi- 
tosal-ve'o-lar height, the distance from the lower 
margin of the orbit to the alveolar margin of the 
superior maxillary bone measured on a vertical 
line from the frontal prominence.— or-bi-tosal-ve*- 
o-lo-con'dy-lar angle, the angle between the axis 
of the orbit and the alveolocondylean plane.— 
or*bi-to-bas'i-lar angle, the angle between the axis 
42 


of the orbit produced and the lower border of the 
inferior maxillary bone produced. — or'bi-to-cele. 
I. Tumor of the orbit. 2. Exophthalmos.— or'- 
bi-to-fa'ci al angle = orbitomaxillary angle.— 
or’bi-to-fron'tal artery, a branch of the middle 
cerebral artery to the inferior frontal convolution. 
O. fissure, a fissure on the lateral aspect of the 
brain, separating the superfrontal and the orbital 
convolutions. — or‘bi-to-ma'lar index, the ratio of 
the width of the face between the most promi¬ 
nent part of the zygomatic arches and the width 
measured between the outer ends of the fronto- 
malar suture, the latter being taken as 100. — or*- 
bi-to-max'il-la-ry angle, the angle between lines 
joining the auricular point with the glabella and 
the alveolar border. — or'bi-to-na'sal, both orbital 
and nasal. — ofbi-tosoc-cip'i-tal angle, the angle 
between the plane of the occipital foramen and 
the visual axis. — or*bi-tosoc'u-iar, relating to the 
orbit and the eye. O. fascia = Tenon’s capsule. 

— ofbi-to-pal'pe-bral, relating to the orbit and 
the eyelid. O. muscle, the superior palpebral 
muscle. — or'bi-to-pin'e al, relating both to the 
orbit and to the pineal body. — or'bi-to-sphe'noid, 
the orbital or lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.— 
or'bi-to-stat, an instrument for determining the 
centres of the anterior openings of the cranial 
orbits. — or‘bi-to-tar'sal ligament, a membranous 
process given off by the orbital periosteum and 
aiding in the formation of the fibrous tissue of 
the eyelids; palpebral fascia. — ofbi-to-tem'po-ral 
nerve, the orbital branch of the superior maxil¬ 
lary nerve. 

or'ce-ic acid. = Orcein. 

or'ce-in. A brownish coloring matter, C2gH24N207, 
obtained from orcin by the action of aqueous 
ammonia and air; used as a stain, 
or-chec'to-my. = Orchiectomy. 
or-chel'la, or-chil'la. RocceVla tincto'ria, a plant of 
the order Lichenes, which yields the coloring 
matter called or'chil or archil. 
or'che-o-cele. = Oscheocele. 
or'che-o-plas-ty. Plastic surgery of the scrotum. 

[< dpx^o. scrotum-f7r/ld(T(TfIF to form.] 
or-che-ot'o-my. = Orchotomy. 
or*ches-tro-ma'ni a. = Chorea. [<, bpxvorpia fe¬ 
male dancer + pavia madness.] 
or'chi-, or'chi-do-, or'chi-o-. Relating or pertain¬ 
ing to the testicle: combining forms. [< bp^ig 
testicle.] or-chi-al'gi a, pain or neuralgia in the 
testicle. — ofchi-a-to'ni a, atony or relaxation of 
the testes. — orxhi-a-tro'phi a, wasting away of 
the testis. — or'chic, relating to the testicle; tes¬ 
ticular. — orchi-cho-re'a, or-chi-cho'ri a, chorea 
or twitching movement of the testes; an ascend¬ 
ing and descending movement of one or both tes¬ 
ticles in the scrotum: said to be a sign of onanism. 

— or-chi-dal'gi a = orchialgia. — or-chi-dat'o- 
ny, atony of the testicle. — or-chi-daux'e, hyper¬ 
trophy or morbid enlargement of the testicle.— 
or-chi-dec'to-my = orchiectomy. — or-chi-dem- 
phrax'is, obstruction of the seminal vesicles 
or ducts. — orxhi-den-ceph-a-lo'ma, encephaloid 
cancer of the testicle. — or-chid-ep-i-lep'si a, epi¬ 
lepsy caused by masturbation. — or'chi-din, a liq¬ 
uid organotherapeutic proprietary preparation, 
from the testicles of animals: used as a nervine.— 
or-chi-di'tis = orchitis.— orxhi-do-ca-tab'a-sis, 
the descent of the testicles into the scrotum.— 
or'chid-o-cele, a tumor of the testicle or scrotal 
hernia.— ofchi-do-dyn'i a = orchiodynia.— or*- 
chi-do-men-in-gi'tis, inflammation of the tunics 


ORCHOCELE 


658 


ORGANIC 


of the testicle, Hydrocele.— or*chi-do-my-e- 
lo'ma, medullary carcinoma or myeloid sarcoma 
of the testicle. — or-chi-don'cus, tumefaction of 
the testicle. — or’chi-do-pex'i a, or'chi-do-pex-y. 
I. = Orchiorrhaphy. 2. Hardening of the tes¬ 
ticle.— or-chi-dor'rha-phy = orchiorrhaphy. — 
or-chi-dos'che-o-cele, scrotal hernia with enlarge¬ 
ment of the testicle. — or-chi-do-scir'rhus, a hard 
tumor of the testicle. — orchi-do-spon-gi-o'ma, 
a fungous growth or tubercular tumor of the 
testicle; orchidotuberculum. — or-chi-do-ther'a- 
py, orxhi-do-ther-a-peu'tics, the treatment of 
disease by means of testicular extracts. — orxhi- 
do-to'mi a, or-chi-dot'o-my = orchotomy.— or*- 
chi-do-tu-ber'cu-lum = orchidospongioma. — 
orchi-do-ty-lo'ma, callous tubercle of the testicle. 

— or-chi-ec'to-my, excision of a testis.— orxhis 
ep‘i-did-y-mi'tis, inflammation of the testicle and 
the epididymis. — or'chi-o-cele, hernia of the tes¬ 
ticle; tumor or swelling of the testicle. — orchi- 
o-coc'cus, the diplococcus of orchitis. — orchi-o- 
dyn'i a, pain of a pungent character in the testicle. 

— orxhi-o-hy-dat-i-do'ma, a cystic tumor of the 
testis.— or’chi-o-my-e-lo'ma=ORCHiDOMYELOMA. 
— or-chi-on'cus, a tumor of the testis.— or'chi- 
o-neu-ral'gi a, neuralgia of the testes.— or'chi- 
o-plas-ty, plastic surgery of the testicle.— or-chi- 
or'rha-phy, suturing of an ectopic testicle to the 
scrotum or of the spermatic cord to the sur¬ 
rounding tissues.— orchi-o-scir'rhus, scirrhus, or 
hard cancer, of the testicle.— or'chi-os-to'sis, 
bony induration of the testicle.— or*chi-o-to'mi a, 
or-chi-ot'o-my=ORCHOTOMY. — or'chi-pin, an oily 
proprietary extract prepared from fresh testicles 
of animals: used in neurasthenia.— Or'chis, pi. 
or'ches. i. The typical genus of orchidaceous 
plants, various species of which are medicinal. 
O. mas'cula, the male orchis, a plant from the 
tubers of which salep is procured. 2. A testis, 
or testicle.— or'chi-tin, atonic proprietary extract 
from the testicles of animals ; sequardin. ts - Opo- 
ORCHiDiN. — or-chi'tis, inflammation of the tes¬ 
ticle; swelled testicle; testitis. c^Sarcocele. 
O. acu'ta, orchitis which is either metastatic, 
traumatic, or urethral, the former usually due to 
parotitis. O. caseo'sa (tuberculo'sa) , orchitis in 
which the tubercle occurs in the testicles, some¬ 
times in miliary form, but usually in hard 
nodules, filled with a caseous mass. O. chron'ica 
is either circumscribed or diffuse. O. syphilit'ica 
(gummo'sa), orchitis caused by the formation of 
a syphilitic gumma in the testicle.— or-chit'o-my, 
or-chi-to'mi a = orchotomy. 

or'cho-cele. =Orchiocele. 

or-chot'o-my, or-cho-to'mi a. The operation of cut¬ 
ting out or removing a testicle by the knife; cas¬ 
tration; orchiotomy; orchitomy. [< opxt-Q tes¬ 
ticleto cut.] 

or'cin, or'ci-nol. A white, sweetish powder, C7Hg02 
-fHjO, from orchella and other lichens; dioxy- 
toluene; methylresorcinol. It is toxic to the heart 
in large doses, and is used as an antiseptic, in cer¬ 
tain skin diseases, and as a test for xylose in the 
urine, Resorcinol. [< Or'cus Pluto.] 

or'de al bark, bean, or nut. The poisonous bark or 
nut of various trees and plants, as used in trials 
by ordeal, Physostigma ; sassy bark. 

or-de'o-lum. = Hordeolum. 

or'di-na-ry ray. That one of the two rays pro¬ 
duced by a doubly refracting prism which follows 
the ordinary laws of refraction, Extraordi¬ 
nary RAY. 0. tourniquet, tourniquet. 


or'di-nate. In a graphic diagram the vertical line rep¬ 
resenting the magnitude of a certain observation, 
value, or quantity under given circumstances. 



Graphic Diagram of the Hemoglobin-content of 
the Blood at Different Ages. —The ordinates, ab, 
CD, represent the variations in haemoglobin (as meas¬ 
ured on the vertical scale) at the different ages repre¬ 
sented by the abscissae, oa, oc, respectively, which they 
cut off on the horizontal scale of years. 

ord'ure. Fecal excrement; dung; filth. [F. < L.] 
o-rec'tic. Stimulating the bodily appetites, 
o-re-go-gen'ic, as O. function of thyroid body. 

L. j. ’07.] 

o-rel-la'na. e^Annotto. 
o-rel'lin. = B i x i n . 

o-re-o-daph'nol. An oxygenated oil from the leaves 
of Oreodaph'ne calif or'nica, California bay laurel, 
o-re-os'e-lin. A crystalline substance, Cj^Hj204, 
derived from peucedanin. 

OTe-o-se-li'num. An umbelliferous plant of Europe, 
Athaman'ta oreoseli'num: a homoeopathic remedy, 
o-re-os'e-lon. A compound, Cj4Hjo03, found in 
Peuce'danum oreoseli'num. 
o-re'sol. =Guaiamar. 

o-rex'ine. A proprietary basic derivative from 
CHiNOLiNE, CgH4.CH2N.CH.NCgH4, in the form of 
a white, tasteless powder; phenyldihydrochinaz- 
oline: used as a stomachic, stimulant to the ap¬ 
petite, and antisemetic. Dose, 0.13 to 0.4 Gm. 
(2 to 6 grs.). The hydrochloride and tannate are 
also used. [< dpe^ig appetite.] 
o-rex'is. A longing; a yearning; the appetite. O. 

cyno'des = BULIMIA, [opef/f.] 
o-rex'oids. A proprietary name for 5sgrain tablets 
of orexine tannate. 

or'gan. A part of an animal or vegetable capable 
of performing some act or office appropriate to 
itself; organon*. Among the eponymic organs 
are Corti’s, Giraldes’s, Golgi' s (= tendon* 
spindle), Jacobson’s, Kolliker’s, Rosenmuller’ s 
(= PAROVARIUM), Ruffini’s, and Weber’s. 

"Other specially named organs are Enamel*, End*, 
Foamy, Reproductive, Segmental, Sense*, 
Terminal (= Ruffini’s), Vomeronasal (=Jacob- 
son’s), etc. [< L. or'ganum, fr. bpyavov an in¬ 
strument or organ.] 

or'ga-na*. The plural of organon* ; organs. The 
genital, female genital, male genital, uropoietic, 
and the accessory organs of the eye are designa¬ 
ted respectively as O. genitalia*, O. genitalia mu- 
liebria*, O. genitalia virilia*, O. uropoetica* , and 
0 . oculi accessoria*. 

or-gan-a-cid'i a. A condition in which organic acids 
are present in excess, especially O. gas'trica, when 
in the gastric contents. 

or-gan'ic. Relating to, or acting by means of, 
organs; having an organized structure; arising 
or produced from an organ; derived from living 
organisms. O. acid, an acid containing carbon. 











ORGANICISM 


659 


ORIFACIAL ANGLE 


O. albumin, albumin forming an integral part of 
some tissue. O. analysis, analysis of animal or 
vegetable matter. O. base, a base containing car¬ 
bon, including nearly all the ammonia bases. O. 
chemistry, the chemistry of compounds containing 
carbon, with the exception of carbon monoxide 
and carbon dioxide. O. dementia, dementia 
caused by organic brain disease. O. disease, a 
disease in which there is a structural lesion. O. 
force = VITAL FORCE. O. headache, headache 
due to structural lesion of the brain or its mem¬ 
branes. O. iron, organic compounds of iron 
which do not give its chemical tests until the 
structure of the molecule has been destroyed by a 
reagent; masked iron, rs- Ferratin ; ovoferrin. 
O. lesion, a lesion involving changes in the struct¬ 
ure of the part; a structural lesion. O. life, that 
life which belongs properly to the organs neces¬ 
sary to the vital existence. O. molecules, certain 
floating bodies supposed to exist in the seminal 
fluid, and regarded as primordial monads of 
peculiar activity existing through all nature and 
constituting the nutrient elements of living mat¬ 
ter. O. murmur, a heart^murmur due to struct¬ 
ural lesions. O. paralysis, paralysis due to a 
structural lesion of the nervous system or of the 
muscles. O. reflex, a reflex relating to some nat¬ 
ural bodily function, as micturition, digestion, 
etc. O. relation, relations. O. stricture, 
stricture of a canal due to inflammation or 
foreign growth in it. O. substance, a substance 
belonging to the carbon compounds, with the 
exception of carbon monoxide and carbon diox¬ 
ide: formerly considered obtainable only from 
animal or vegetable matter. 

or-gan'i-cism. A theory which holds that all dis¬ 
eases are organic, and none functional. 

or'gan-ism. Organic structure; the living economy; 
an individual being; an organized body endowed 
with a separate existence. [< bpyavov organ.] 

or'gan-ite. The smallest part of an organ which 
retains the same structure as the organ itself ; an 
elementary organ. 

or’gan-i-za'tion. i. The process by which an or¬ 
ganized body is formed; the structure proper to 
an animal or a plant. 2. The totality of the 
parts which constitute, and of the laws which 
regulate, an organized body. [< bpyavov organ.] 
tor'gan-i-za-ble. or-gan-i-za-bil'i-ty. or'gan-ize. 
or'gan-ized, as O. ferment, ferment: and O. 
virus, a micro-organism. 

or'gan-o-. Denoting relation to an organ or organic 
substances: a combining form. ts-Opo-. [< 
bpyavov organ.] or*gan-o-chem'is-try, -chem'i a = 
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.— or’gan-o-fer'ric, containing 
iron and some organic compound or substance.— 
or*gan-o-gen'e-sis, or-gan-og'e-ny, originally, the 
formation or growth of organs: usually applied 
to a description of the organs of a living body, 
•for-gan-o-ge-net'ic; or-gan-o-gen'ic. — or-ga- 
nog'ra-phy, a description of the organs of some 
living body; the study of the structure of the 
organs or parts as to their external conformation, 
tor-gan-o-graph'ic. — or'gan-oid, resembling an 
organ or an organized structure. — or’gan-o-lep'- 
tic. I. Making an impression on an organ, espe¬ 
cially on an organ of one of the special senses. 
2. Receiving, or capable of receiving, an impres¬ 
sion.— or-gan'o-lith, a concretion within an or- 
, ganic substance.— or-ga-nol'o-gy, that branch of 

' physiology which treats of the different organs of 
«^imals, but more oarticularly of those of the 


human body.— or-ga-no'ma, a tumor containing 
organs or parts of organs, but imperfectly ar¬ 
ranged or formed. Dermoid cyst. — ofgan- 
o-me-tal'lic, containing a metal combined with 
an organic radical. — or'ga-non* = organ. O. 
audi'tus*, organ of hearing. O. gus'tus*, organ 
of taste. O. olfac'tus*, organ of smell, O. paren- 
chymato'sum*, parenchymatous organ. O. spi- 
ra'le [Cor'tii]* = CoRTi’s organ. O. vi'sus*, or¬ 
gan of vision. O. vomeronasa'le [Jacobso'ni]* = 
Jacobson’s organ. — or-ga-non'o-my, the laws 
which regulate the activity of the organism or 
organic life. — or-gan'o-nym, the technical or 
scientific name of any part or organ, f or-ga- 
non'y-my. — or-ga-nop'a-thism = organicism. — 
or-ga-nop'a-thy. i. Organic disease; disease at¬ 
tended with organic lesions. 2. — Organother¬ 
apy. for-gan-o-path'ic. — or-gan-o-pex'i a, or- 
gan-o-pex'is, or'gan-o-pex-y, the surgical fixation 
of an organ that has been misplaced.— or'gan- 
o-plas-ty, the development or evolution of organs, 
forgan-o-plas'tic.— or'gan-o-scope=ENDOscoPE. 
for-ga-nos'co-py. — or-gan'o-sol, a proprietary 
preparation of colloidal silver and alcohol: used 
in gonorrhoea.— or*gan-o-ther'a-py, or*gan-o-ther- 
a-peu'tics, the treatment of disease by the use of 
the organs of animals or of extracts made from 
them; opotherapy. The extracts are prepared 
chiefly from the testicles, thyroid gland, pancreas, 
suprarenal bodies, and the bone-marrow. A list 
of such preparations is entered under OPO-. for'- 
gan-o-ther-a-peu'tic. — or-ga-not'o-my, dissection 
of organs.— organ-o-tox-ae'mi a, the failure of an 
organ or part to prevent toxic substances from 
entering the circulation.— or'gan-o-zo'bn, an en- 
TOZOON, living within an organ itself, as Trichina. 

or'gan-ule. One of the cells or elements of an organ. 

or'gasm, -gas'mus. The crisis of venereal excite¬ 
ment: also used for the condition preceding the 
crisis, Hyperemia; cestrum. [< opyaa/zof, 
fr. bpyav to swell.] for-gas'tic. 

or-gas'ti-ca. Diseases affecting procreative power. 

or'geat (or'zhat). A sweetened emulsion of al¬ 
monds with orange-flower water. O. powder, a 
preparation of powdered almonds and sugar, used 
in making syrup of orgeat. 

orgelet, orgeolet (dr-zhe-le, dr-zhf-o-le). = Hor¬ 
deolum. 

0-ri-en'tal. Relating or pertaining to the Orient or 
the East. [< L. o'riens east.] O. hellebore = 
Helleborus orientalis. O. plague or typhus = 
plague. O. sore, boil, button or furuncle, an in¬ 
durated and very intractable sore, papular in the 
early stages, encrusted or fungating in the ad¬ 
vanced stages, and spreading by ulceration of the 
skin, leaving upon healing a depressed scar; fur- 
unculus orientalis. It is endemic within certain 
limited areas in many warm countries, as Egypt, 
India, Syria, the Sahara, Asia Minor, etc , and 
often known by local names as Aleppo boil or sore, 
Bagdad boil, Biskra button or boil, Cochin-China 
ulcer, Delhi boil or sore, etc. It is inoculable 
and, to a considerable degree, protective against 
recurrence. It is best treated by covering the 
sore with a thin sheet of lead. Leishmania 

TROPICA. 

oTi-en-ta'tion. The determination of the east point 
of the compass; the determination of one’s own 
position with relation to surroundings. 

or-i-fa'ci al angle. The angle made between the 
facial line and the plane of the masticating faces 
of the teeth of the upper jaw; Barclay’s angle, 


ORIFICE 


660 


ORTHIO- 


or'i-fice, or-i-fi'ci um. A mouth or entrance to any 
cavity of the body; a foramen, hole, meatus, 
opening, etc., as orifice of the stomach or orifi- 
cium ureteris*, vaginae*, etc. [< L. orifi'ciutn, fr. 
os month + fa'cere to make.] for-i-fi'cial, as O. 
surgery, the surgery of the orifices of the bodLy. 
or-i-fi'cia-list, one who specializes in operations 
upon the orifices of the body. 

Orig'anum. A genus of labiate plants. The leaves 
and stems of O. vulga're are gently tonic and 
stimulant. Tt also furnishes a volatile oil. Oleum 
origani, which is stimulant, carminative, and 
anodyne, and used in microscopy as a clearing* 
agent. O. Aiargora'na, sweet marjoram, furnishes 
a volatile oil and is used as a condiment, 
or'i-gin. Properly, the source or commencement of 
anything; that point of attachment of a muscle 
which remains fixed during its contraction. 
fs- Insertion. Apparent o., the point at which 
a cranial nerve emerges from the brain sur¬ 
face; superficial or ectal o. Deep o., the point 
in the substance of the brain from which the 
fibres of a nerve really start; ental o. 
o-ri-na'sal. Both oral and nasal; pertaining to the 
mouth and nose; oronasal. 
o'ri-pha-ryn'ge al. = Oropharyngeal. 
o-ri-phar'ynx, = Oropharynx. 
or-is-mol'o-gy. Scientific terminology, nomencla¬ 
ture, and lexicography. [< opLCfioq limit, defini¬ 
tion -I-/.dyof discourse.] 

o'ris-try. The treatment of diseases of the rhouth 
[< L. os, o'ris mouth.] 
o-ri'za-bin. =Jalapin. 
or-le-a'na, Or-leans' yellow. — Annotto. 
or-mo'sin. A narcotic alkaloid from the seeds of 
Ormo'sia dasycar'pa, a South American tree. The 
hydrochloride is also used, 
or'ni-thin. An amorphous base found by hydroly¬ 
sis of arginine; a*(lsdiaminovaleric acid. 
Ornithodo'ros (-ris, -rus) megnin'i. A tick, native 
in Arizona and other Southwestern States, occa¬ 
sionally found in the nose and ear, where it causes 
suppuration and intense suffering. O. mouba'ta, 
a South African tick which harbors the spiroch®ta 
of African recurrent fever and bears the same 
relation to Fila'ria per'sians that the mosquito 
does to F. noctur’na. O. savign'yi does not seem 
to produce any results. i®"Ainhum; ixodiasis. 
Ornithog'alum. A genus of Scil'lce, several species 
of which, as O. aliis'simum, O. umhella'tum, etc., 
have medicinal properties, ts- Scilla. [< bpvi^ 
bird-t-yd/la milk.] 

or-ni-thoro-gy. That branch of science treating of 
the nature and habits of birds, t or-ni-thol'o- 
gist. or-nith-o-log'i-cal. 
or-ni-tho-rhyn'chus. The Australian duck*bill. 
or-ni-thu'ric acid. A compound, Cj^HjoNjO^, from 
the dung of birds fed with benzoic acid, 
o-rosa'nal. Extending from the mouth to the anus. 
Oroban'che. A large genus of plants, all root para¬ 
sites, of singular aspect. O. ma'jor, the great 
European broomrape, has astringent and deter¬ 
gent powers. Other species are popularl y regarded 
as antispasmodic and tonic. O. america'na, O. 
virginia'na, and O. unifio'ra are popularly called 
“ cancer*root,” and are regarded, without good 
reason, as useful in treatment of cancer. [Gr.] 
o-ro-fa'ci al. ==Orifacial. 

o-ro-lin'gu al. Pertaining to the mouth and tongue. 
O. centre, a centre in the third frontal convolu¬ 
tion controlling the movements of the mouth and 
tongue. O. Iiemipare5is = APHASIA, 


o-ro-na'sal. = Orinasal. 

o-ron'o-sus. = Mountain sickness. [ < bpo^ 
mountain-f-pocof disease.] 

o-ro-phar'ynx. i . The mouth and pharynx consid¬ 
ered as one cavity. 2. The pharynx proper, re¬ 
garded as distinct from the nasopharynx; the 
pharynx regarded as a continuation of the mouth. 
3. The space between the mouth proper and the 
pharynx proper; the space between the faucial 
arches. [ < L. os mouth + pharynx.] 
pha-ryn'ge al. 

or-o-ther'a-py. =Whey*cure. [< bpog whey-f 
OepaTTEia treatment.] 

Orox'ylum, -Ion. A genus of bignoniaceous trees. 
O. in'dicum, an East Indian species from the bark 
of which o-rox'y-lin is obtained: used as a tonic, 
astringent, and sudorific. 

0-ro'ya fever. = Verruga peruana. 
or'phol. A compound containing about 80% of 
bismuth oxide and 20% of betanaphthol; beta- 
naphthol bismuth; bismuth betanaphtholate: 
used as an intestinal astringent and antiseptic. 
Dose, 0.3 to 0.6 Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). 
or'pi-ment, red. Arsenic disulphide, AsjSj, or re¬ 
algar: used in technology. O., yellow, arsenic 
trisulphide, AS.2S3, or king’s yellow: used as a 
depilatory. When pure it is far less dangerous 
than other compounds of arsenic. [ < L. au'ri pig- 
men'turn pigment of gold; so named from its color.] 
or'pine. ==Sedum telephium. 

-orrhaphy. A suffix denoting a suturing or sewing 
up. [< pacfi/ suture.] 

or'rho-. Denoting relation to a serum or serous 
fluid: a combining form. [< bppdg serum.] or'- 
rho-cyst, a cyst containing serous fluid.— ofrho- 
der-ma-to'sis = serodermatosis. — orrho-der- 
mi'tis = sERODERMiTis. — or-rho-hy'men, or-rhy'- 
men, a serous membrane.— or*rho-hy-men-i'tis, 
inflammation of a serous membrane.— or'rhoid, 
resembling serum.— or-rho-po'si a, a milk, or, 
more properly, a whey diet.— or-rhor-rha'gi a, a 
sudden discharge or bursting forth of serum, as 
from the bowels in Asiatic cholera; orrorrhagia.— 
or-rhor-rhce'a, a flow or discharge of serum; a 
watery discharge.— or-rho'sis, serum production. 
— or-rho-so'len, a lymphatic vessel.— or*rho-so- 
len-i'tis, inflammation of an orrhosolen.— or-rho- 
ther'a-py, orTho-ther-a-peu'tics. i. = Serum 
THERAPY. 2 . =Wheyscure. f or*rho-ther-a- 
peu'tic. 

or-rho-phal'lus. A monster with a penis in the 
sacral region. [< oppog rump-f ^aA/ldf penis.] 
or'ris. Iris florentina. O.spea, an issue*pea 
made of orris root, 
or-ror-rha'gi a. = Orrhorrhagia. 
orseille (6r-s^-i), = Archil. 

or-seTlic acid. = Lecanoric acid. 
or-sel-lin'ic acid. A colorless, crystalline substance, 
CgHj^O^, formed by boiling orsellic acid. 

•r'su-dan. Sodium acetarsonate, an atoxyl de¬ 
rivative: contains 25.4% arsenic, 
or-thar-thrag'ra. True or regular gout. 
or*thi-au-che'nus. A skull in which a line through 
the inion and the basion forms an angle of from 
38® to 49° with the radius fixus. 
or'thin. A compound of hydrazin with paroxyben- 
zoic acid. Its hydrochlorate is antipyretic and 
antiseptic, but should be used with caution. 
Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 

or'thi-o-. Denoting straightness; a combining form. 
[< opdtog straight up.] orffhi-o-chor'dus, a skull 
in which a line through the hormion and the 


ORTHO- 


G61 


ORTHOPNGEA 


basion makes an angle of from 33° to 52® with 
the radius fixus.— ordhi-o-cor'y-phus, a skull in 
which a line through the bregma and the lambda 
makes an angle of from 29° to 41® with the radius 
fixus.— or*thi-o-don'tus, a skull in which a line 
through the subnasal and alveolar points makes 
an angle of from 88® to 121® with the radius 
fixus.— or*thi-o-me-to'pus, a skull in which a line 
through the bregma and the nasal point makes 
an angle of from 47° to 60® with the radius fixus. 

— orthi-o-pis'thi us, a skull in which a line through 
the lambda and the inion makes an angle of from 
84® to 95® with the radius fixus.— orthi-o-pis-tho- 
cra'ni us, a skull in which a line through the 
lambda and the opisthion makes an angle of from 
107® to 119° with the radius fixus.— ordhi-o-pro- 
so'pus, a skull in which a line through the nasion 
and the alveolar point makes an angle of from 
89.5® to 100® with the radius fixus.— ordhi-o-py'- 
lus, a skull in which a line in the plane of the 
foramen magnum makes an angle of from 15.5® 
to 24® with the radius fixus.— ordhi-or-rhi'nus, 
a skull in which a line joining the nasion and the 
subnasal point makes an angle of from 87.5® to 
98® with the radius fixus.— ordhi-o-u-ra-nis'cus, 
a skull in which a line joining the posterior border 
of the incisive foramen and the alveolar point 
makes an angle of from 40® to 60® with the 
radius fixus. 

or'tho-. A combining form signifying " straight,” 
“normal,” “true”; in inorganic chemistry, des¬ 
ignating the compound which among several 
compounds of the same element is considered the 
normal one; in organic chemistry, denoting a 
variety of isomerism characteristic of the benzin 
compounds, Meta-; para-. [< straight.] 
Ortho- enters into an increasingly large number 
of complex chemical terms, as ortho^^ethoxyana- 
monobenzoylamidoquinoline == AN\hGE>!, of which 
we have space here only for those best known, 
the other ortho- words being arranged in the reg¬ 
ular vocabulary place, ordhosar-sen'ic acid = 
ARSENIC ACID.— or-tho-bo'ric acid=ACiDUM bori- 
CUM*.— ordho-bro-mo-phe'nol = bromophenol. 

— ordho-car-bon'ic ether, an ether, 0(002115)4, 
formed by the action of sodium ethylate upon chlo- 
ropicrin. — ordho-chlo-ro-phe'nol, -chlor-phe'nol 
= CHLORPHENOL. — ordho-chlo-ro-sal'ol, a sub¬ 
stance isomeric with chlorosalol. It is strongly 
fragrant.— or-tho-cre'sa-lol, ts- cresalol. — or- 
tho-cre'sol, cresol. — ordho-di-ni-tro-cre'sol 
= .\NTiNONNiN. — ordho-di-ox*y-ben'zene = py- 
ROCATECHiN. — or'tho-form, a synthetic prepara¬ 
tion with properties similar to cocaine, occurring 
as an odorless and tasteless, white, crystalline 
powder; methyl ester of parasamidometasoxyben- 
zoic acid; methyl para*amidometa*oxybenzoate: 
used as an antiseptic and local anaesthetic, and 
internally in cancer of the stomach. The hy¬ 
drochloride is also used. Dose, 0.5 to i Gm. 
(8 to 15 grs.). O. emulsion, an emulsion 
consisting of 25 parts of orthoform.in 100 
parts of olive oil and recommended as a sub¬ 
cutaneous injection in laryngeal tuberculosis. 
O., new, a proprietary preparation, cheaper and 
somewhat whiter than orthoform and used in the 
same way; methyl ester of metasamidopara*oxy- 
benzoic acid.— or-tho-kre'sol = cresol. — or*tho- 
mon-o-brom-phe'nol, one of a’series of bromated 
phenols sometimes found in the precipitates of 
tested urine; bromophenol. — ortho-mon-o- 
chlor-phe'nol = chlorphenol. — ordho-phe-nol- 



Teeth Straightening in 
Orthodontia. 


sul-phon'ic acid = aseptol. — or-thoph'o-ny, nor¬ 
mal voice. — or*tho-phos-phor'ic acid, phos¬ 
phoric ACID. —or-tho-si-lic'ic acid = silicic acid. 
— ortho-sulph’a-mine-ben-zo'ic acid anhydride = 
BENZosuLPHiNiDUM*. — oftho-sul’pho-car-bol'ic 
acid= ASEPTOL. 

or’tho-bi-o'sis. The normal cycle of life, 
or’tho-ce-pha'li a, or-tho-ceph'a-ly. That condi¬ 
tion or character of the skull in which the vertical 
index is between 70 and 75. to*“tho-ce-phal'ic; 
or- tho-ceph'a-lous. 

or-tho-cho-re'a. Chorea in which the patient stands 
upright. 

or-tho-co'lum. Stiffness of a limb in an extended 
position. 

or-tho-cyl-lo'sis. Ankylosis of a limb in a straight 
position. 

or-tho-di'a-graph. An instrument for the determi¬ 
nation of the exact dimensions of the internal 
organs by the aid of Rontgen rays and the shadow 
thrown by them upon the fluorescent screen, 
for-tho-di'a-gram. or*tho-di-ag'ra-phy. 
or*tho-dol*i-cho-ceph'a-lus. A skull with a vertical 
index between 70.1 
and 75 and 'a trans- 
versovertical index 
between 70 and 74.9. 
or-tho-don'ti a. The 
correction of dental 
irregularities and mis¬ 
placements. 

or-tho-gen'e-sis. Deter¬ 
minate variation, 
without natural selec¬ 
tion, and withthe pro¬ 
duction of new types, 
for-tho-ge-net'ic, or-tho-gen'ics. 
or-thog'na-thous, or-thog-na'thic. Having an up¬ 
right jaw, implying a large facial angle, or a 
gnathic index below 98. [<i bpBdq straight-f- 

yvdOog jaw.] or-thog'na-thism ; or-thog'na-thy. 
or'tho-li-po'sis. The condition characterized by a 
normal proportion of liposin in the blood*serum. 
or*tho-mes-o-ceph'a-lus. A skull with a vertical 
index between 70.1 and 75 and a transverse ver¬ 
tical index between 75.1 and 79.9. 
or-thom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
protrusion of the eyes. 

or-tho-met'ric crystals. Those crystals in which 
the three axes intersect at right angles, 
or-tho-mor'phi a, or-tho-mor-pho'sis. Surgery di¬ 
rected to the correction of deformities, 
or-tho-pae'di a, or-tho-pe'di a. The straightening, 
correcting, or curing of deformities of the spine and 
limbs, especially of children during their period 
of growth, tar- Dental o. for-tho-pae'dic (or- 
tho-pe'dic), as 0 . surgery, surgery which is con¬ 
cerned with the treatment of deformities, or-tho- 
pae'dist. for-tho-pe'dics = orthopedic surgery. 
or-thoph'o-ny. Normal voice. 

or-tho-pho'ri a. Parallelism of the axes of vision ; 

a condition of perfect binocular equilibrium, 
ortho-pho-tog'ra-phy. &■ Orthodiagraph. 
or-tho-phre'ni a. The treatment of mental disease, 
for-tho-phren'ic. 

or'tho-pla-sy. That influence which directs or de¬ 
termines organic selection in evolution, 
or-thop-noe'a. A form of dyspncea in which the 
breathing is quick and labored and so severe that 
the person often maintains an upright posture to 
allow of even this. O. cardi'aca == angina pec¬ 
toris. O. hyster'ica = GLOBUS hystericus. 0. 



ORTHOPRAXIS 


662 


OSCEDO 


pituito'sa, orthopnoea caused by an excessive 
amount of mucus in the air^passages. [< opOog 
straight+7rw// breathing.] for'thop-ncE'ic. 
or-tho-prax'is, or'tho-prax-y. The mechanical treat¬ 
ment of deformities. 

or-thop'tic. Pertaining to natural or normal vision 
with both eyes. O. training, a mode of correct¬ 
ing defective vision by special exercise of the eyes; 
ocular gymnastics. 

or-tho-rach'ic, or-thor-rhach'ic. Having a straight 
spine. 

or-thor-rha'chi a. The correction of deformities of 
the spine. 

or-tho-ront'gen-o-gram. = Orthodi.\gr.\ph. 
ortho-ront-gen-og'ra-phy. = ORTHODiAGR-\PHy. 
or'tho-scope. i. An instrument for inspecting the 
interior of the eye, in which the refraction of the 
cornea is largely neutralized by means of a layer 
of water, through which the observer looks. 2. 
An instrument used by craniologists in obtaining 
a projection for making a figure of the skull, 
tor-tho-scop'ic, as O. lens. i. A lens made by 
cutting out a piece from the periphery of a large 
lens. 2. A double lens giving a flat field of view, 
or-thos'co-py. 

Orthosi'phon stamine'us. Java tea, a medicinal 
plant of Japan; valued in gout and in diseases of 
the urinary tract. Dose, i to 3 Gm. (15 to 50 
grs.). From it is obtained or-tho-si'pho-nin, a 
crystalline glucoside. 

or-tho'sis, ordho-so-mat'ics. The correction of any 
deformity or crookedness, 
or-tho-sta'di ous chorea. = Orthochorea. 
or-tho-stat'ic, or-thot'ic. Relating to an erect pos¬ 
ture, as O. albuminuria, a variety of albuminuria, 
usually transitory, disappearing during the 
night and when at rest, but reappearing when 
an upright posture is assumed during the day; 
postural albuminuria. 

or-tho'sy-ne. The quality of being erectile, 
or'tho-tast. An apparatus for straightening curved 
long bones. 

or-tho-te'ri on. An instrument used in straighten¬ 
ing curved or diseased limbs, 
or-thot'o-nos, or-thot'o-nus. Tetanic spasm in 
which the body, limbs, and neck form a rigid 
straight line, is* Opisthotonus; tetanus, 
thot'o-nous. 

or-tho-trop'ic. Relating to vertical upward or down¬ 
ward growth, as into the abdominal cavity, 
orth'rine. A compound obtained by the action of 
parasoxybenzoic acid on hydrazin: used in ty¬ 
phoid fever, pneumonia, and rheumatic fever, 
or-thys’te-rop-to'sis. Prolapse of the womb without 
version or flexion. [<. opdoq straight, direct-f 
varepa womb + 7rr(j(T<f falling.] 

0-ry'za. The ricesplant, a genus of graminaceous 
plants. 0. sati'va, the systematic name of the 
ricesplant, one of the cereals. In China, India, etc. 
rice is the staple food of nearly all the population. 
Riceswater is a useful demulcent, nutritive, and 
cooling drink. [< bpvC,a rice.] 

Os. The chemical symbol for osmium, 
os, gen. o'ris, pi. o'ra. Mouth. O. exter'num, the 
external opening of the canal of the cervix uteri. 
O. inter'num, the internal opening of the canal of 
the cervix uteri. O. lepori'num = harelip. O. 
tin'cae, “ the tench’s mouth” (so called from its 
shape), the orifice of the womb, Uterus. O. 
u'teri, ‘‘mouth of the uterus.” is* Uterus. 0 . 
ventric'uU, the cardiac or upper orifice of the 
stomach. [L.] 


os, gen. ossis, pi. ossa. =Bone, 0. acetab^uli, a 
bone of the foetus forming the pubic portion of 
the acetabulum. O. acromia'le, the acromion 
when not united with the scapula. O. alsefor'me, 
the sphenoid bone. O. cal'cis = calcaneum. O. 
capita'tum* = Os magnum. O.’centra'le*, a carti¬ 
laginous nodule in the embryonic carpus or tarsus, 
situated between the proximal and distal rows. 
While representing a distinct bone of some 
lower forms, in man it afterward fuses with 
and aids in the development of the scaphoid 
in the hand and the navicular in the foot. 
O. coccy'gis* = COCCYX. O. cor'dis, an ossification 
found at the base of the heart of various animals, 
as the ox, horse, camel, stag, etc., that of the 
last being reputed of great therapeutic virtue in 
folksmedicine. O. costa'le*, the bone of the rib. 
O. cox'ae* = INNOMINATE BONE. O. cribleux, a 
French term for the ethmoid bone. O. cuboi'- 
deum*= CUBOID bone. O. cuneifor'me pri'mum*, 
secun'dum*, and ter'tium*, the first, second, and 
third CUNEIFORM BONES. O. ethmoida'le* == eth¬ 
moid BONE. O. fem'oris= FEMUR. O. fronta'le* 
= FRONTAL BONE. O. furcato'rium, furca'tum, or 
furcata're=CLAvicLE. O. gut'turis=HYoiD bone. 
O. hama'tum* = unciform bone. O. hyoi'deum* 
= HYOID BONE. O. ili'acum = innominate bone. 
O. il'ium* = ILIUM. O. incisi'vum* — intermax¬ 
illary BONE. O. innomina'tum = innominate 
BONE. O. is'chii* = ischium. O. japon'icum, a 
bipartite malar bone: relatively frequent in 
Japanese skulls. [•[] 6'h’o9.] O. juga'le, or juga- 
men'tum = malar bone. O. lachrymaTe, lacri- 
ma'le*, or lacryma'le= lachrymal bone. O. lu- 
na'tum* = SEMILUNAR BONE. O. mag'num, the 
third bone of the second row, and the largest of 
the carpus; O. capitatum*. O. multan^gulum 
ma'jus = TRAPEZIUM, def. i. O. multan'gulum 
mi'nus* = trapezoid bone. O. nasa'le* = nasal 
BONE. O. navicula're ma'nus* = SCAPHOID bone, 
def. I. O. navicula're pe'dis* = SCAPHOID bone, 
def. 2. O. occipita'le* = OCCIPITAL bone. O. or- 
bicula're. i. =Orbiculare os. 2. =Pisiform 
BONE. O. palati'num = PALATE BONE. 0. pane- 
ta'le* = PARIETAL BONE. O. pisifor'me* = PISI¬ 
FORM BONE. O. pla'num*. i. = Orbital plate 
OF THE ETHMOID. 2. In the BNA a flat bone. 
O. pneumat'icum*, a hollow bone. O. pu'bis* = 
PUBIC BONE. O. rhomboi'des = TRAPEZIUM, def. 
I. O. rotun'dum = PISIFORM bone. O. sa'crum* 
= SACRUM. O. sedenta'rium = TUBER ischii. O. 
se'piae, cuttlefish bone. O. sphenoi'deum, O. sphe- 
noida'le* = SPHENOID bone. O. tempora'le* = 
TEMPORAL BONE. O. tibia'le exter'num, a sesa¬ 
moid bone in the tendon of the tibialis posticus 
between the astragalus and the os naviculare. 

Gt. ’09.] O. trigo'num*, the external tubercle 
at the back of the astragalus when it exists as a 
separate bone. O. trique'tum* or triangula're = 
CUNEIFORM BONE OF THE WRIST. O. turbina'tum 
= TURBINATED BONE. O. Uncina'tUm=UNCIFORM 
BONE. O. us'tum, “ burnt bone.” =Bone ash. 
O. xiphoi'des = STERNUM. O. zygomat'icum* = 
MALAR BONE. [L. ; Gr. b(TT£0V, F. 05.] 

o'sa-zone. Any one of a number of compounds of 
a substance containing two CO or COH groups 
(as a sugar) with two phenylhydrazine radicals, 
as phenylglucosazone, CH.pH[CHOH] 3 C(N.NH.C 6 - 
H 5 )CH(N.NH-C 6 H 5 ) : usually yellow microscopic 
crystals, and important in the identification of 
sugars. 

os-ce'do. Yawning. [L ] 


OSCIL®MAT(EDEMA 


663 


OSMONOSOLOGY 


os‘chae-mat-CE-de'ma. A swelling of the scrotum 
due to extravasation of blood. [ < bax^ov scrotum 
-\-aifia blood 4-ot(h///a swelling.] 
os'che a. The scrotum, tos'che-al. 
os-che-i'tis, os-chi'tis. Inflammation of the scrotum. 
os*chel-e-phan-ti'a-sis. Enormous enlargement of 
the scrotum. [< bax^ov scrotum+ L. elephanii'- 
asis.] 

os'che-o-. Denoting relation to the scrotum: a 
combining form. [< scrotum.] os'che-os 

a-mor'phus, a monster with a scrotal tumor which 
sometimes contains parts of a foetus.— os’che-o- 
car-ci-no'ma, cancer of the scrotum. — os'che-o- 
cele. I. = Scrotum. 2. = Scrotal hernia. 
O. aquo'Sa =HYDROCELE. O. oedemat'ica, scrotal 
hernia with oedema of the scrotal integuments. 
— os*che-o-chal'a-sis, tumor of the scrotum with 
extreme hypertrophy or elephantiasis.— os*che-os 
en'te-ro-cele, a scrotal hernia containing intestine. 
os‘che-o-hy'dro-cele, hydrocele affecting the sac 
of a scrotal hernia which has become shut off 
from the peritoneal cavity, is* Hydrocele. — 
os'che-o-lith, a concretion occurring in the scrotal 
sebaceous glands. — os-che-o'ma, os-che-on'cus, 
swelling or tumor of the scrotum.— os‘che-o- 
nys'is, paracentesis of the scrotum. — os’che-o- 
phy'ma, a swelling or an hypertrophy of the 
scrotum.— os'che-o-plas-ty, the operation of re¬ 
moving fungous portions of the scrotum and sup¬ 
plying their place with healthy flaps from the 
vicinity, fos'che-o-plas'tic. — os*che-o-py-ce-de'- 
ma, purulent infiltration of the scrotum. 
OS-chi'tis. =0SCHEITIS. 
os'cho-. =OsCHEO-. 

os-choe-de'ma. Liquid effusion into the tissue of 
the scrotum. [< 6cr;\;//scrotumswelling.] 
os-chu-rce-de'ma. CEdema due to infiltration of 
urine into the scrotal tissues, 
os-chyd-roe-de'ma. CEdema caused by a watery in¬ 
filtration into the tissues of the scrotum. 
Oscilla'ria or Oscillato'ria. A genus of algae. O. 

mala'riae, the malarial Plasmodium. 
os-cil-la'tion. A swinging motion to and fro, like 
that of a pendulum; also a tremulous or vibrating 
motion. [< L. oscilla'tio, fr. oscilla're to oscil¬ 
late.] fos'cil-la-ting, as O. pupil, one that moves 
from the slightest cause, os'cil-la-tor, an instru¬ 
ment used in mechanotherapeutics. os'cil-la- 
to-ry, applied especially to the arterial pulsation, 
os'cil-lo-scope. A vacuum tube used to detect 
electric inversion and to estimate its degree, 
os-ci-ta'tion. The act of yawning; chasma. [L. 
oscita'tio, fr. oscita're to yawn.] fos'ci-tant fever, 
a fever characterized by continual yawning, 
os-cu-la'tion. Anastomosis of vessels, fos'cu-late. 
os’cu-la-to'rius. “That which kisses.” The or¬ 
bicularis ORIS muscle. [< L. oscula'ri to kiss.] 
os'cu-lum. A little mouth or aperture. [ < L. dim.] 
-ose. I. A suffix denoting a carbohydrate, as gluc- 
ose. 2. Full of, like; containing, etc., as globo5^. 
3. A proteid derivative, as albumo5^. 

6'se. = CEse. 

osh'a root. The root of an umbelliferous plant of 
New Mexico. It contains o-sha'ic acid, which 
resembles angelic acid. 

0-si-an'der’s sign. Vaginal pulsation in pregnancy, 
-osis. A suffix usually implying a generalized mor¬ 
bid condition or a morbid process as tubercul- 
osis. 

Os'ler’s disease (ds'lerz). A form of chronic cyano¬ 
sis, the red bloodscells reaching even 12,000,000 
per cubic millimetre and the haemoglobin increased 


as much as 50% above normal; polycythaemia 
cyanotica. O.’s phenomenon, the aggregation of 
BLOODsPLATELETS which takes place as soon as 
the blood is withdrawn from the body. [William 
Osier, 1849- •] tos'le-rize, to dispose of per¬ 

sons by chloroform or otherwise at the age of 
sixty, the word originating in a newspaper account 
of Osier’s farewell address delivered at Baltimore, 
February 22, 1905, before assuming the Regius 
Professorship of Medicine at Oxford, 
os'mate. A salt of osmic acid, 
os-mat'ic. Having a welhdeveloped sense of smell, 
os'ma-zome. A peculiar principle of muscular fibre, 
of a brownishsyellow color, which gives the rich, 
agreeable taste and flavor to roasted meats, soups, 
etc. [< oapii odor + sauce.] 

os-mi-am'ic acid. A yellow, watery substance, 
H2N.20s20g, formed by decomposing barium osmi- 
amate with sulphuric acid, fos-mi-am'ate. 
os'mi-ate. A salt of osmic acid, 
os'mic acid. A dibasic acid, HgOsO^, forming salts 
called osmates. O. acid anhydride = osmium per¬ 
oxide. 

os-mi-dro'sis. A condition of the perspiration in 
which it has an unusually strong or foetid smell; 
bromidrosis. [< baiiij odor + ibpd)g sweat.] 
os'mi um. A metal named from the peculiar odor 
which one of its oxides exhales. It is very hard 
and heavy, of a darksgray color, and is said to be 
the most infusible of known substances. Sp. gr. 
22.47 ; at. wt. 189.6; sym. Os. O. peroxide, O. 
tetroxide, a volatile, ilLsmelling compound, OsO^, 
occurring in prismatic crystals, soluble in water, 
alcohol, and ether, and giving off a pungent 
poisonous vapor; osmic acid anhydride; perosmic 
anhydride. It is used in histology as a reagent 
for fatty and nerve substance, internally as an 
antineuralgic, antileptic, etc., and externally to 
remove tumors. Hypodermic dose, 0.001 Gm. 
(■So gr.) [< bapr/ odor.] 

os’mo-dys-pho'ri a. Intense disgust at certain odor.s. 

[< bapr/ smell+ (^v<y(l>opla something hard to bear.] 
os'mo-gen. = Zymogen. 

os-mol'o-gy. i. Osphresiology. 2 . The science 
of osmosis. 

os-mom'e-ter. i. An apparatus for exhibiting os¬ 
motic force. It consists of an expanded vessel 
covered at its bottom 
with parchment, from the 
top of which rises a grad¬ 
uated tube which is filled 
with a saline solution 
and immersed in another 
vessel containing pure 
water; the salt will diffuse 
into the water (exosmo- 
sis) and the fluid will rise 
in the tube (endosmosis). 
ts- Osmosis. [ < boapog 
impulsion + perpov meas¬ 
ure.] 2. An instrument 
for measuring the acute¬ 
ness of the sense of smell. 

[< bapi] smell + perpov 
measure.] 

os-mom'e-try. i. The estimation of the qualities 
of odoriferous substances. 2. The estimation of 
the acuteness of the sense of smell. [< bapij 
odor +perpelv to measure.] fos-mo-met'ric, as 
O. sense. 

os"mo-no-sol'o-gy. The science of disorders of the 
sense of smell. [< bapt] smell -[-nosology.] 



Osmometer. 













OSMONOSUS 


664 


OSTAGRA 


03 -mon'o-sus. A diseased condition of the sense of 
smell. [< oCfjLi] smell+ focrof disease.] 
os-mo-phil'ic bodies. Substances readily given to 
osmosis. 

os*mosreg'u-la-tor. An instrument devised by 
Villard which is able to vary the penetrating 
power of Xsrays. [Tf A. M. p. 680, ’04.] 
os-mo'sis, os'mose. The power or action by which 
liquids are impelled through a moist membrane, 
and other porous partitions, in experiments of 
endosmosis and exosmosis. Dialysis; osmom¬ 
eter. [< wa//df impulsion.] fos-mot'ic. 
os-mo-ther'a-py. Substances administered to re¬ 
establish normal osmosis. 

o'sone. Any one of a number of substances ob¬ 
tained by hydrolysis of osazones and yielding 
ketoses or aldoses on reduction, 
os-phra'sia, os-phre'sis. The act of smelling; the 
sense of smell. [Gr.] 

os*phre-si-ol'o-gy. The science of the sense of 
smell, especially o.; osmology. [< 

smelling + Aoyof discourse.] 
os’phre-si-om'e-try. Measurement of the acuteness 
of the sense of smell; olfactometry. [ < bacppr/aig 
smelling+fi£Tpov measure.] tos-phre-som'e-ter. 
os-phret'ic. = Olfactory. 
os'phus. The loin. [< bofpig loin.] 
os'phy-. Relating to the hips or loins: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< loin.] os-phy-al'gi a, pain 

in the hips and loins; sciatica; lumbago. — os*- 
phy-ar-thri'tis, strictly, gout of the loins or hip, 
but used for osphyitis, or inflammation of the 
loins. — os‘phy-ar-throc'a-ce, cancer of the hip= 
joint; also hipsjoint disease. Coxalgia.— 
os-phy-i'tis, os-phy'tis, inflammation of the loins. 
— os’phy-o-my-e-li'tis, lumbar myelitis.— os- 
phyr-rheu'ma, rheumatism of the hipsjoint. 
os'sa*. The plural of L. os a “ bone.” O. ala'ria, 
the great wings of the sphenoid bone. O. car'pi*, 
bones of the wrist. O. convolu'ta, the turbinated 
bones. O. cra'nii*, bones of the skull. O. epac- 
ta4ia, the wormian bones. O. extremita'tis in- 
ferio'ris*, bones of the lower extremity. O. ex¬ 
tremita'tis superio'ris*, bones of the upper ex¬ 
tremity. O. facie'i, bones of the face. O. in- 
nomina'ta, “unnamed bones,” the two large, 
irregularly shaped bones which, with the sacrum 
and coccyx, compose the cavity of the pelvis. 
O. la'ta, “ broad bones,” the flat or broad bones 
which protect important viscera or form the walls 
of certain cavities, as the sternum and the bones 
of the cranium; O. plana*. O. lon'ga* = LONG 
BONES. O. metacarpa'lia I-V*, metacarpal bones 
I-V of the metacarpus. O. metatarsa'lia I-V*, 
metatarsal bones I-V of the metatarsus. O. pla'- 
na* = 0. LATA. O. rhaphogeminan'tia = WORM¬ 
IAN BONES. O. sesamoi'dea*, sesamoid bones, 
as of the phalanges of the fingers and toes. O. 
sphenoi'dea tar'si, the cuneiform bones of the 
foot. O. supersterna'lia* = episternal bones. 
O. sutura'rum* = wormian bones. O. tar'si*, 
tarsal bones, as of the ankle. O. trique'tra or 
wor'mii = wormian bones. 
os'sa-gen. A proprietary preparation from red 
bonesmarrow, containing its fatty acid calcium 
salts; used in rhachjtis and osteomalacia. Dose, 
2 to 4 Gm. (30 to 60 grs.). 
os'sa-lin. A proprietary ointment*base prepared 
from fresh bone-marrow, occurring as a grayish- 
white fat capable of absorbing 200% of water; 
adeps ossium. 

os'sal-i-nate. A proprietary preparation said to be 


the sodium compound of the acid of ox-marrow; 
used as a substitute for cod-liver oil. 
os'sa-ture. The arrangement of the skeletal bones, 
os'se-ine. = Ostein. 

os-se-o-al'bu-moid, -bu'mi-noid. The proteid of the 
bone matrix: insoluble in dilute acids or alkalies. 
os*se-osap-o-neu-rot'ic. Composed of bone and 
aponeurosis. 

os-se-o-mu'coid. The mucoid substance of bone, 
os'se-ous. Of the nature or quality of bone; bony. 
O. cell = osteoblast. O. labyrinth, laby¬ 
rinth. O. polypus, a polypus containing bony 
tissue. O. skeleton, the bony portion of the skel¬ 
eton, distinguished from the cartilaginous and 
ligamentous portions. O. sound, a high-pitched, 
auscultatory sound having a somewhat metallic 
timbre. O. tumor = osteoma. [< h. os bone.] 
os'si-cle. A small bone, especially any one of the 
bones of the ear; auditory ossicles. Specially 
named ossicles are Andernach's, Berlin’s (=sphe- 
noturbinal), Epactal, Kerkring’s, and Rio¬ 
lan’s. [< L. ossic'ulum, dim. of os bone.] 
os-sic'u-la. The plural of ossiculum. O. audi'tus* 
or au'rium, a collective term for the malleus, 
incus, and stapes, situated in the cavity of the 
tympanum; auditory ossicles. O. berti'ni = 
sphenoturbinal bones. O. calcoi'dea, the cu¬ 
neiform bones of the foot. O. epacta'lia, O. in- 
tercala'ria = wormian bones. O. na'si, the nasal 
bones. 0 . tritice'a, the lesser horn of the hyoid 
bone. 

os-sic'u-lar. Relating to or resembling ossicles. 
[< L. ossic'ulum ossicle.] 

os*sic-u-lec'to-my. Excision of an ossicle, or of the 
malleus and incus, with the outer wall of the attic 
as in chronic middle-ear suppuration, 
os’sic-u-lot'o-my. Surgical incision of the auditory 
ossicles. 

os-sic'u-lum. A small bone. O. jugula're, a small 
bone sometimes found in the jugular foramen. 
O. riola'ni == Riolan’s bone; a small bone 
sometimes found free in the glaserian fissure. 
O. syl'vii= processus lenticularis*. O. ter- 
mina'le, the terminal portion of the odontoid 
process of the axis when it is separate. [L.] 
os-sif'e-rous. Bearing or containing bones; pro¬ 
ducing bone. [< L. 05 hone+fer're to bear.] 
os-sif'ic. Forming bone. O. nucleus = bony nu¬ 
cleus. [< L. 05 hone-\-fa'cere to make.] 
os*si-fi-ca'tion. The formation of or conversion 
into bone or bony substance. Pathological forms 
are exostosis, osteoma, osteitis ossificans, 
PAROSTOsis, etc. O. centre, the pcint at which 
ossification begins in a bone, 
os-sif'lu-ent abscess. Abscess due to bone disease, 
os'si-form. Bone-like. 

os'si-fy-ing. Changing or turning into bone. O. 
cartilage = temporary cartilage. O. chon¬ 
droma, a chondroma which is undergoing ossifi¬ 
cation. O. myositis, inflammation of a muscle 
attended with the deposition of bony masses. O. 
sarcoma = osteosarcoma. 
os'sin. An abstract from bone-tissue, used in or¬ 
ganotherapy in diabetes, 
os-si-ter'ra. = Bone-earth. 

os-siv'o-rous tumor. A tumor which destroys bone, 
os'so-line. [If/. M.’ 05 .] 

os-tae'mia. Morbid fulness of blood in a bone. [< 
bareov bone-|-a/^a blood.] tos-tae'mic. 
os-tag'ra. i. Gouty pain in a bone. 2. Forceps 
for seizing portions of bone. [< bareov boned- 
aypa seizure.] 


OSTALGIA 


OSTEO- 


(W') 


os-tal'gi a. Pain in the bones. 

os-tal-gi^tis. Inflammation of a bone, with exces¬ 
sive pain. [< boThn' bone-f-aAjof pain.] 
os-tar-thri'tis. = OsTii.\RTHRiTis. 
os-te-ae'mi a. =OsTyEMiA. 
os-te-ag'ra. =Ostagr.\. 

os'teal. Osseous; bony. O. cachexia = rickets. 

0 . cell = OSTEOBLAST. [< oaTtov bone.] 
os-te-al'gi a. =Ostalgi.\. 

os'te-al-loe-o'sis. Metamorphosis of the substance 
of a bone; osteometabole. bareov bone-f 

a^AocucTi^ alteration.] 

os*te-a-moe'ba. An osteoblast regarded as an amoeba. 
[< boTbov bone-}- AMOEBA.] 

os*te-an-a-gen-ne'sis. Renewal of bone. [< bariov 
hone + ava'y£vi’f/(Tig regeneration.] 
os*te-a-naph'y-sis. Reproduction of bone. [ < bareov 
hone +civa((>veiv to produce again.] 
os’te-ar-thri'tis. A painful, chronic disease of joints 
and bones, with various destructive changes in 
the tissues of the joints; arthritis nodosa; arthri¬ 
tis deformans; rheumatoid arthritis, 
os'te-ar-throc'a-ce. Cancer or caries of the bones 
of a joint. [< barbov hone+ ap 8 pov joint-}-A'aAv/ 
vice, disease.] 

os’te-ar-throt'o-my. = Osteosarthrotomy. 
os'te-aux-e. Increase in size of a bone. [< bareov 
hone+av^// growth.] 

os-tec'to-my, os-te-ec'to-my. Excision of a bone or 
of a portion of a bone. 

os-tec-to'pi a, os-tec'to-py, os*te-gc-to'pi a. Dis¬ 
placement of a bone. [< bareov bone-}-f/croTrof 
displaced.] 

os'te-id. An abnormal bony deposit in any tissue. 

[< bareov bone-|-enlof form.] 
os'te-in, os'te-ine. The animal matter of a bone; 
osseine. It is an albuminoid substance composed 
of collagen and other organic substances. When 
isolated from the earthy part of the bone, it is a 
soft, elastic mass, insoluble in cold, but soluble 
in hot water. 

os-te-it'ic. Relating to osteitis, 
os-te-i'tis, os-ti'tis. Inflammation of the substance 
of a bone. It attacks primarily the tissues of the 
medullary and haversian canals and indirectly 
the compact substance of the bone, and is often 
tuberculous in origin. It may be due to fever, 
injury, or constitutional disease, or it may be 
spontaneous. Specially named forms other than 
those given below are Central ( = endosteitis). 
Condensing, Cortical ( = periosteitis). For¬ 
mative ( = condensing). Gummatous, Hyper¬ 
trophic, Pneumic, Rarefying, Sclerosing ( = 
condensing), and Secondary hyperplastic. O. 
albumino'sa, osteitis in which there is an accu¬ 
mulation of viscid albuminous matter. O. car- 
no'sa = 0 . FUNGOSA. O. caseo^sa (scrofulo'sa or 
tuberculo'sa) , a chronic form with caseation of 
the inflammatory neoplasm, occurring chiefly in 
spongy bones, vertebrae, and the epiphyses of 
long bones. O. defor'mans, rarefying osteitis in 
which the bones become distorted from pressure. 
O. fungo'sa, osteitis in which the bone becomes 
absorbed by interstitial granulations, or the 
earthy constituents of the bone are absorbed, so 
that it becomes soft and porous; rarefying oste¬ 
itis ; osteitis malacissans T osteitis camosa; ostei¬ 
tis granulosa interna; osteoporosis. Anosto- 
sis; OSTEOMALACIA. 0. graiiulo'sa inter'na = 
O FUNGOSA. O. inter'na, osteitis affecting the 
neighborhood of the central canal; caries centra¬ 
lis. O. inter'na suppurati'va circumscrip'ta, a cir¬ 


cumscribed bone abscess. O. malacis'sans = O. 
FUNGOSA. O. mercuria'lis, osteitis found only in 
the jaws: due to the excessive use of mercury. 
O. ossif'icans (osteoplas'tica) , sclerosing inflamma¬ 
tion of the bonessubstance, in which there are 
depositions of bony tissue in the marrow cavities, 
cau.sing abnormal hardness and denseness; osteo¬ 
sclerosis. Exostosis eburnea; hyperosto¬ 
sis. 0 . superficia'lis, a torpid superficial bony 
tumor; caries simplex. [< ocrreov bone.] 

os-tem'bry-on. An osseous or hardened state of 
the substance of the embryo. 

os-te'mia. =0st^mia. 

os-tem-py-e'sis, os-tem-py-o'sis. Abscess or suppu¬ 
ration within a bone. [< bareov hone-\-ep 7 rvT/ai^ 
suppuration.] 

os'te-o-. Relating or pertaining to bone: a com¬ 
bining form. [< ocrrfop bone.] os'te-osa-cu'si a. 
[Tf I. M. ’05.]— os‘te-osan-a-bro'sis=osTEONABRO- 
sis.— os’te-osan'eu-rism, -rysm, expansion of a 
bone from aneurismal dilatation of the blood* 
vessels in its interior.— os'te-osar-thri'tis = oste- 
ARTHRiTis.— os'te-osar-throp'a-thy, any disease 
affecting the joints and bones simultaneously, as 
acromegalia. Hypertrophic pulmonary (pneumic) 
o. I. = Acromegalia. 2. A disease marked by 
enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fin¬ 
gers and toes and thickening of the articular ends 
of bones, and said to be associated with diseases 
of the heart and lungs. Pulmonary o. = hyper¬ 
trophic PULMONARY o.— os'te-osar-throt'o-my, 
excision of the joint end of a bone.— osde-osath- 
e-ro'ma, a tumor of bone containing atheroma¬ 
tous matter.— os'te-o-bi-ol'o-gy. [^f I. M. ’06.]— 
os'te-o-blast, one of the mesodermic or connective* 
tissue nucleated elements engaged in the produc¬ 
tion of the osseous tissues; bone*forming cells. 
A certain number become imprisoned within the 
matrix and then constitute the bone*cells. fos*- 
te-o-blas'tic, as O. /ayer = osteogenetic layer. 
— os*te-o-ca-chex'i a, an imperfect structure or 
weak constitution of the bones.— osde-o-camp'- 
si a. I. An abnormal curvature of a bone. 2. 
The straightening of an abnormally curved bone. 
[Tf Lorenz.] — os'te-o-car-ci-no'ma, carcinoma in 
which ossification has taken place; carcinoma of 
bone.— os*te-o-car-ti-lag'i-nous tumor = osteo¬ 
chondroma. — os'te-o-cele. i. The osseous or 
cartilaginous substance found in old hernial sacs 
after reduction. 2. A bony tumor of the scro¬ 
tum.— os'te-o-ceph-a-lo'ma, cancer, or encepha- 
loma, of bone.— os‘te-o-chon-dri'tis, osteitis and 
chondritis; inflammation of bone and cartilage 
together. Syphilitic o., a term for a peculiar con¬ 
dition of the bones in congenital syphilis.— os’te- 
o-chon’dro-fi-bro'ma, a tumor combining the 
characteristics of an osteoma, a chondroma, and 
a fibroma — os*te-o-chon-dro'ma, a form of en- 
chondroma in which there is a mixture of osteoid 
and cartilaginous tissue.— os’te-o-chon'dro-phyte, 
an osteoma containing cartilaginous tissue, or 
a chondroma containing osseous tissue; osteoid 
chondroma. — os‘te-o-chon*dro-sar-co'ma, an os¬ 
teochondroma combined with sarcoma.— os-te- 
o'ci a, softness of the bones, intermediate in degree 
between normal calcification and osteomalacia. 
[Tl Lt. ’08.] — os-teroc'la-sis, os‘te-o-cla'si a. i. The 
surgical or therapeutic fracture or refracture 
of a bone. 2. The destructive metamorphosis of 
bone; the breaking down of a bony tissue.— 
os'te-o-clast. i. A modified connectivestissue 
element of the kind called giant*cell or myeloplax 


OSTEO- 


666 


OSTEO- 


found in marrow: it is believed to be concerned 
in the absorption of bony tissue. 2. A surgical 
instrument for refracturing bones or for breaking 
a bone as a part of a surgical procedure, as Riz- 
zoLi’s o. fos'te-o-clas'tic.— os'te-o-cla-sy, os'- 
te-o-clas-ty = osteoclasis. — os*te-o-col'la, bone* 
glue, or bonescement: a carbonate of lime found 
in Germany, formerly used to promote the re¬ 
union of fractured bones.— os’te-o-com'ma, a 
segment or piece in a series or succession of bony 
structures, as a vertebra, Myocomma. — os'- 
te-o-cope = OSTEOCOPUS.— os'te-o-cop'ic, weary¬ 
ing the bones, as O. pains, such as those 
characteristic of syphilis.— os-te-oc'o-pus, bone* 
ache, as in syphilis. — os'te-o-cra'ni um, the 
cranium after it has become ossified. — os'te-o- 
cyst, os’te-o-cys'tis, a cystic tumor with bony 
contents, tos’te-o-cys'toid. — os"te-o-cys-to'ma, 
a cystic tumor of a bone.— os'te-o-cys'to-sar- 
co'ma, a cystosarcoma of bone.— os*te-o-den'tin, 
a modification of the fundamental tissue of the 
teeth, in which the cellular basis is arranged in 
concentric layers around the vascular canals. It 
resembles both dentin and bone.— os'te-o-der‘ma- 
to-plas'tic operation, partial amputation of the 
foot in which the part amputated is partially com¬ 
pensated for by plastic use of the remaining bone 
and a flap of skin.— os’te-o-der'mi a, the condi¬ 
tion in which there is a formation of bony plates 
on the skin. — os'te-o-di-as'ta-sis, the separation 
of two bones.— os-te-o-di'clis, ossification in the 
valves of the veins or the heart; diclidostosis.— 
os’te-o-dyn'i a, pain in a bone, especially chronic 
pain.— os‘te-osec'to-my, excision of a bone.— os*- 
te-ose-piph'y-sis, epiphysis of bone. — os’te-o-fi- 
bro-li-po'ma, an osteofibroma combined with fatty 
elements.— os'te-o-fi-bro'ma, a tumor consisting 
of osseous and fibrous tissue.— os’te-o-gan'grene, 
gangrene of bone.— os'te-o-gen, the material of 
which the osteogenic fibres of the periosteum are 
composed; osteogenic substance.— os*te-o-gen'e- 
sis, os-te-og'e-ny, the formation or growth of 
bones. O. imperfec'ta, a condition in which at 
birth there is marked fragility of all the bones, 
especially of those of the limbs and skull, due 
to imperfect development of the bone^centres. 
[to. ’06.] tos'te-o-ge-net'ic, os-te-o-gen'ic, as 
O. cell, an osteoblast: O. fibres, the soft, trans¬ 
parent fibres which form the osseous tissue in 
membranous ossification: O. layer, the deep layer 
of the periosteum; Ollier’s layer, named from its 
function of forming osseous tissue: O. substance 
(tissue) — OSTEOGEN. — os'te-o-gin-gi-vi'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the maxilla and the gum; gangrene 
of the gum, with necrosis of the subjacent bone, 
os-te-og'ra-phy, a description of the bones.— os'- 
te-o-ha-lis'te-ris, deficiency of salts in the bones, 
causing softness. — os'te-o-hel-co'sis, caries, or 
decay of bone.— os'te-oid. i. Resembling bone: 
applied to soft, uncalcified, osseous tissue, that 
is, osseous tissue previous to the deposition of 
calcareous matter. 2, A morbid, boneslike cal¬ 
careous growth. O. aneurism = bone aneu¬ 
rism. O. cancer or carcinoma, a carcinoma in 
which there is a deposit of bone. O. chondroma 
= OSTEOCHONDROMA. O. sarcoma, a sarcoma 
which contains bonestissue, as of the mamma. 
0 . tissue, a subperiosteal tissue found in the bones 
of rhachitic children. O. tumor = osteoma, os*- 
te-o-li-po-chon-dro'ma, an osteochondroma com¬ 
bined with a lipoma.— os-te-o-li-po'ma, a com¬ 
bined osteoma and lipoma.— os'te-o-lith, a petri¬ 


fied bone.— os-te-ol'o-gy, that branch of anatomy 
which treats of bones; the science of skeletons of 
vertebrates, fos-te-oro-gist. — os-te-ol'y-sis, ne¬ 
crosis in which the dead bone is of a soft consist¬ 
ence. — os-te-o'ma, pi. osteo'mata, a tumor of a 
bone; an osteome; an osteoid; a bony or ossified 
tumor. Osteomata are usually of a hyperplastic 
nature, er Ossification. O. denta'le, exostosis of 
a tooth. O. du'rum or ebur'neum, an osteoma of 
a very hard tissue. O. medulla're, an osteoma 
which contains marrowsspaces. O. medullo'sum 
or spongio'sum, an osteoma of cancellated tissue. 
— os*te-o-ma-la'ci a, a chronic disease marked by 
progressive softening of all bones, due to the loss 
of their earthy constituents, so that they become 
flexible and fragile and unable to support the 
body; mollities osseum; malacosteon; osteomal- 
acosis. The disease affects only adults, especially 
pregnant women, and is frequently fatal. O. car- 
cinomato'sa, a rare form of osteomalacia, consist¬ 
ing in a diffuse, carcinomatous infiltration of the 
marrowstissue. fos’te-o-ma-la'cic, as O. pelvis 
= MALACOSTEON PELVIS.— os*te-o-mal-a-co'sis = 
osteomalacia. — os*te-o-ma-lac'tic, relating to 
osteomalacia. — os-te-o'ma-ta, the plural of os¬ 
teoma. — os'te-ome = osteoma. — os'te-o-mere = 
osteocomma. —os'te-o-me-tab'o-le=osTEALLCEO- 
sis. — os-te-om'e-try, the science of the relative 
proportions of the skeleton.— os’te-o-my-e-li'tis. 
Inflammation of the marrow of a bone. It affects 
chiefly the interior structure of a bone and usually 
is traumatic, as after bone*injury, contusions, gun¬ 
shot fractures, etc., or due to occupation, as in 
MOTHERsOFsPEARL o. Acuteo. is Usually septic and 
marked by chills, fever, suppuration of the medul¬ 
lary cavity, and the formation of pyaemic ab¬ 
scesses, while Chronic o. develops from syphilis 
(Gummatous o.) or tuberculosis (Tuberculous o.), 
or occurs after injury. Conchiolin o. = mother* 
OFsPEARL. O. diffu'sa sponta'nea, the primary, 
infectious inflammation of bonesmarrow. O. 
mal'leus, o. due to Bacil'lus mal'leus. O. trau- 
matfica, traumatic osteomyelitis, fos-te-o-my- 
e-lit'ic. :— os-te-o-my'e-lon, os'te-o-my'e-lum, the 
marrow of bones.— os'te-o-na-bro'sis, os*te-o- 
an-a-bro'sis, simple absorption of bone, such as 
occurs in the removal of the milksteeth.— os-te- 
on'cus = OSTEOPHYTE. — osffc-o-ne-cro'sis, necro¬ 
sis, or death, of a bone. — os*te-o-neu-raTgi a, 
neuralgic pain in the bones.— os-te-on'o-sus, dis¬ 
ease of a bone. — os'te-o-pae'di on, osffe-o-pae'- 
di um, an ossified foetus; lithopaedium. — os‘te-o- 
pa-lin'cla-sis, the surgical refracture of a bone.— 
os*te-o-pa-rec'ta-sis, the abnormal lengthening of 
a bone, as under a too powerful surgical extension. 

— os-te-op'a-thy, os-te-o-path'i a. i. A disease 
involving a bone or bones. O. haemorrhag'ica in- 
fan'tum = Barlow’s disease. 2. A system of 
healing disease without the aid of drugs by 
means of skilled massage and manipulation of 
the bones, nerve centres, etc.: originated by 
A. T. Still in 1874, on the theory that disease is 
the result of anatomical abnormalities followed 
by physiologic discord, cure being effected by 
adjusting the abnormal parts to the normal, 
fos'te-o-path; os-te-op'a-thist.— os*te-o-pe'di on 
= OSTEOP.ED 10 N.— os"te-o-per-i-os-ti'tis, osteitis 
associated with periostitis, fos’te-o-per-i-os'te al. 

— os'te-o-phage = osteoclast, def. i.— os'te- 
o-phle-bi'tis, phlebitis of bone, as of the diploe. 

— os'te-o-phone = audiphone. — os-te-oph'o-ny 
= BONEscoNDUCTiON.— os^te-o-phorc, a forceps 


OSTEO- 


667 


OSTREIN 


OSTEOPHORE. 


with long, toothed jaws for extracting fragments 
of bone. — os-te-oph'thi-sis, wasting away of 
bone. os*te-o-phy'ma, os'te-o-phyte, an osseous 
tumor, as in arthritis deformans; 
osteoncus. ^ Exostosis, fos'te- 
o-phyt'ic.— os-te-oph'y-ton, a 
growth or deposit of loose, young 
bony matter due to inflammatory 
processes. 0. puerpera'le, the for¬ 
mation of bony plates on the inner 
surface of the cranium, found in 
pregnant women, due to continued 
cerebral congestion, is" Pachymen¬ 
ingitis. — os'te-o-plaque, a bony 
layer, especially one formed in an 
abnormal position, as in a muscle. 

— os'te-o-plast, any one of the cells 
concerned in the growth or forma¬ 
tion of bone; an osteoblast. — 
os'te-o-plas-ty, an operation by 
which the total or partial loss of a 
bone is supplied, either by the 
transplantation or insertion of dead 
or living foreign bodies, Ar¬ 
throplasty. tos‘te-o-plas'tic, as 
O. resection, the operation of cutting 
loose a bone, or part of one, from all 
but one of its attachments so that 
it can be laid back, the diseased tissue beneath 
removed, and the piece replaced.— os"te-o-pleu'ra, 
ossification of the cartilages of the ribs.— os*te- 
o-po-ro'ma, the condition produced by osteopo¬ 
rosis.— os*te-o-po-ro'sis = osteitis fungosa. 
Fatty o., a form marked by the formation of adi¬ 
pose cells in the medullary spaces and haversian 
canals, -fos'te-o-po-rot'ic. — osde-o-psa-thy-ro'- 
sis, abnormal fragility of bones; fragilitas ossium. 
Besides the forms due to arthritis, rhachitis, os¬ 
teomalacia, and osteoporosis, there is an idio¬ 
pathic form, which is often congenital.— os‘te-or- 
rha'gi a, bleeding or hemorrhage from a bone.— 
os-te-or'rha-phy, suturing of pieces of bone; 
osteosuture.— os'te-or-rhi'no-plas-ty, rhinoplasty 
in which the periosteum is dissected along with 
the flap.— os*te-o-sar-co'ma. i. A sarcoma orig¬ 
inating either in the periosteum {Periosteal or 
Peripheral o.) or in the marrow of bones {Central 
or Internal o.), and often causing absorption of 
the bone and thus leading to fracture. 2. A sar¬ 
coma containing bony tissue; an osteoid sarcoma; 
an ossifying sarcoma, f os’te-o-sar-com'a-tous. 

— os-te-o-sar-co'sis, the turning of bone into sar¬ 
comatous tissue.— os*te-o-scir'rhus, scirrhus of a 
bone.— os*te-o-scle-ro'sis, os*te-o-scle-ro'ma = os¬ 
teitis OSSIFICANS. — os'te-o-scope. I. M. ’03.] 

— os-te-o-scul'phine. J. A. M. A. j. ’06 ;/.M. 

’06.] - os-te-o'sis = OSTEOGENESIS. — os’te-o- 

spon-gi-o'ma, os‘te-o-spon-gi-o'sis, a spongy tu¬ 
mor or excrescence of a bone.— os*te-o-ste-a- 
to'ma, a suetslike tumor involving a bone.— 
os'te-o-stix'is, surgical puncture of a bone.— os- 
te-o-su'ture = osteorrhaphy. — osde-o-sy-no- 
vi'tis, synovitis accompanied by osteitis of 
adjacent bones.— os-te-o-ta'bes, degeneration of 
bone, occurring chiefly in infants, marked by the 
replacement of parts of the bonesmarrow by a 
soft, gelatinous tissue, gradual decrease of the 
spongy bone and finally of the compact bone.— 
os’te-o-te-lan-gei-ec-ta'si a, -te-lan-gei-ec'ta-sis, 
telangeiectasia of the capillaries of bones.— os*te- 
o-throm-bo'sis, obstruction of the veins of a bone 
by coagulated blood.— os'te-o-tome, an instru- 



O s t E o- 
tome. 


ment for cutting through or cutting out bones.— 
os-te-ot'o-mist. i. An instrument for breaking 
down the bones of a child in impracticable labor. 
2. One who practises osteotomy.— os- 
te-ot'o-my, the cutting of a bone or 
excision of part of a bone, especially 
when performed for the correction of 
deformity. The bone may be simply 
divided (Linear o.), or a piece may be 
cut out. O. may also be Complete, 
Cuneiform, Extra-articular, Incomplete, 

Partial, and Supracondylar. — os'te-o- 
to'phus, a bony excrescence.— os'te-o- 
tribe, os'te-o-trite, a burr for cutting 
out carious bone.— os*te-o-tym-pan'ic 
= CRANIOTYMPANIC. 
os'te um. Bone. [L.] 
os-thel'cus. A carious place in a bone. 

[ < bareov bone + e?.Kog ulcer.] 
os-thex'i a. Ossific diathesis; ossification. 

[CibcTTeov bone -f habit.] 
osti'ola cor'dis. The valves of the heart, 
os-ti'tis. = Osteitis. 
os'ti um. Originally, a “ door”: also the 
“mouth of a river”: applied to any 
opening, but particularly to that be¬ 
tween the auricle and the ventricle of 
the heart; entrance. O. abdomina'le tu'- 
bae uteri'nae*, the orifice, about 3 mm. 
in diameter, at the fimbriated extremity of the 
fallopian tube,— the only place in the body where 
a serous membrane communicates with the exte¬ 
rior. O. arterio'sum* or atrioventricula're = 
AURICULOVENTRICULAR OPENING. O. CUta'neum, 
the external opening of the urethra on the glans 
penis. O. duodenafie, the pylorus, or lower orifice 
of the stomach. O. fronta'le, the opening between 
. the middle meatus of the nose and the infundibu¬ 
lum. O. inter'num, the opening between the neck 
and the body of the uterus. O. maxilla're, the 
opening between the middle meatus of the nose 
and the antrum of Highmore. O. cesopha'geum, 
the cardiac, or upper, orifice of the stomach. O. 
pharyn'geum tu'bae auditi'vae*, the pharyngeal 
orifice of the auditory or eustachian tube. O. 
si'nus, the opening of the ampullae of the inner 
ear into the utriculus. O. tu'bae abdomina'le = 
O. ABDOMINALE TUBAE UTERINAE*. O. tu'buU, 
the commencement of the ampullae of the semi¬ 
circular canals. O, tympan'icum tu'bae auditi'¬ 
vae*, the tympanic opening of the eustachian or 
auditory tube. O. uteri'num tu'bae uteri'nae*, 
the opening into the uterus of the fallopian tube. 
O. vagi'nae, the external orifice of the vagina. 
O. veno'sum*, venous orifice, as of the right and 
left ventricles of the heart, fos'tial; os'ti-a-ry. 
os'to-. For words beginning thus, as ostoid, osto- 
ma, ostosis, etc., see osteo-. 
os-to-em'bry-on. = Lithopjedium. 

-ostomy. A suffix denoting the formation of a 
mouth or opening as in ccecostomy. [< ordpa 
mouth.] 

os-tra'ci on. A poisonous fish; trunk=fish. 
os'tra-coid. Resembling a shell, 
os-tra-co'sis. The desiccation and conversion of 
parts of bone, especially of the cranium, into a 
substance like oystersshell. 

Os'trea. The oyster, a genus of bivalve mollusks 
of the class Aceph'ala. The shells of the common 
oyster are used medicinally, and the juice and 
flesh are used as food in various stages of disease, 
os'tre-in. A nitrogenous substance from oysters. 






















OSTREIOS 


668 


OTO- 


os-tre-i'os, os*tre-o-tox'i-cum. The substance sup¬ 
posed to be the poisonous principle of mussels and 
oysters. ^ Mytilotoxine, [< otrrpeov oyster + 
log poison.] tos-tre-o-tox'ism, -tox-is'mus; os- 
tris'mus. 

Os'trya. A genus of Cupulif'era. O. virgini'ca, 
ironswood, is used as an antiperiodic, tonic, and 
alterative, and has been employed with success 
in malarial diseases, etc. 

Os-we'go tea. = Monarda didyma. 
o-ta-cou'stic. I. Assisting or amplifying the sense 
of hearing. 2. An ear*trumpet; otacousticon. 
o-tal'gia, o-tal'gy, o-tag'ra. Pain in the ear; ear¬ 
ache; Otitis. tO"tal'gic. 
o'ta-phone. A metallic device fastened to the back 
of the external ear by which the auricle is pushed 
outward and forward, so as to increase the power 
of hearing, is-O tophone. 
o-te'chus. A ringing in the ears; tinnitus aurium. 

[< ovg ea.T + fjxog sound.] 
o-tec'to-my. = Ossiculectomy. [TIL. j.’07.] 
o-ten-chy'tes. A syringe for the ears. [< ovg ear 
+ to pour in.] 

o-thaem-a-to'ma. A bloody tumor of the ear situ¬ 
ated between its perichondrium and the auricular 
cartilage, especially frequent in the insane or oc¬ 
curring from traumatism; haematoma auris or au- 
riculare; insane ear. [< ovg, uTog ear + aipa blood 

+ -OMA.] 

o-thaem-or-rhoe'a. A flux of blood from the ear. 

[< ovg ea.T + ai/Lia blood-fpo/a flow.] 
o-thel-co'sis. Suppuration of the ear. [ < ovg ear 
+ eXK0)cig ulceration.] 
o-thel'cus. An ulcer or sore in the ear. 
o-thil'. = Acetyl. 

o-thy'drops. Dropsy of the middle ear. [ < ovg ear 
-yvdpu-tp dropsy.] 

o-thyper-sar-co'ma. A fleshy growth on the ear. 

[< ovg ear-t-wTrep above-j-<7dpf flesh.] 
o-ti-at'rics, o-ti-at'ria, o'ti-at-ry. The considera¬ 
tion of the nature and principles of the treatment 
of the ear. [< ovg ea,r + laTpiK 6 g belonging to 
medicine.] to-ti-at'ric. 

o'tic. Belonging to the ear; auricular. [< L. oi'- 
icus; uTLKog, fr. ovg ear.] O. ganglion, a ganglion 
situated below the foramen ovale upon the median 
side of the inferior maxillary division of the fifth 
nerve; Arnold’s ganglion; ganglion oticum*. It 
has sensory, motor, and sympathetic roots and 
furnishes nervous twigs to the tensor tympani 
and the tensor palati, and communicating 
branches to the chorda tympani and the auriculo¬ 
temporal nerves. 0 . vesicle, the sac on the third 
primary cerebral vesicle of the embryo, from 
which the internal ear is formed, 
o'ti-co-din'i a. Vertigo caused by ear disease. 

[< ovg ea.v + ^ivp whirling.] 
o-tir-rhoe'a. =Otorrhcea. 

o-ti'tis. Inflammation of the ear. ^Myringitis; 
otorrhcea ; Toynbee’s law. O. exter'na, inflam¬ 
mation of the external ear, known as O. exter'na 
diffu'sa, when it extends over the greater part of 
the meatus; O. exter'na circumscrip'ta, when it 
affects only a limited area and being in this case 
usually also O. exter'na furunculo'sa, i. e., charac¬ 
terized by furuncles; and O. exter'na phlegmono'sa, 
when restricted to the cartilaginous part. O. in- 
ter'na, inflammation of the internal ear, often a 
sequel to various diseases, as croup, diphtheria, 
leukaemia, scarlatina, etc. M^ni^re’s disease. 
Other forms of this variety are Desquamative, 
Gastric, Hemorrhagic, and Mycotic or para¬ 


sitic. O. in'tima or labyrin'thica, inflammation 
of the labyrinth. O. mastoi'dea = mastoiditis. 
O. me'dia, inflammation of the middle ear. It 
may be catarrhal, mucous, purulent, sclerotic, or 
serous. [< ovf ear-hinflammation.] 
ic, as O. meningitis, cerebral meningitis due to 
extension of inflammation of the ear. 
o'to-. Relating or pertaining to the ear: a com¬ 
bining form. i^Auriculo-; MYRINGO-. [< ovg 
ear.] — o’to-blen-nor-rhce'a, mucous discharge 
from the ear.— o*to-ca-tar'rhus, catarrh of the 
ear.— o-to-ceph'a-lus, a monster foetus having 
no lower jaw, the ears coming together below 
the face; synotus. fo'^o-ce-phaTi a. — o’to-cer-e- 
bri'tis, inflammation of the brain in connection 
with disease of the middle ear.— o-to-clei'sis, ob¬ 
struction of the ear.— o-to-co'ni um, o-toc'o-nite, 
an otolith or ear^stone. In the plural o-to-co'ni a, 
applied to the dusty matter, composed of calcium 
carbonate, contained in the utricle.— o'to-crane, 
o-to-cra'ni um, the cavity for the reception of the 
osseous or cartilaginous immediate capsule of the 
labyrinth of the ear: more exactly, the auditory 
portion of the cranium; the petrous portion of 
the temporal bone, with the mastoid; the petro- 
mastoid. fO'to-cra'ni al. — o'to-cyst, the audi¬ 
tory vesicle; the embryonal sac whence the essen¬ 
tial portions of the auditory apparatus are derived, 
fo-to-cys'tic. — o-to-dyn'i a, pain, more especially 
chronic pain, in the ear. — o-to-gang'li on = otic 
GANGLION. — o-to-gen'ic, o-tog'e-nous, originating 
within the ear, as O. pyaemia. [T[ /. A. M. A. j. ’06.] 
— o'to-glyph, an ear=spoon or ear^pick. — o-tog'- 
ra-phy, a description of the ear.— o’to-haem-or- 
rhoe'a = oth^morrhcea. — o*to-hem-i-neu-ras- 
the'ni a, a nervous state in which the sense of 
hearing is limited to one ear, there being no ap¬ 
parent material lesion in the auditory apparatus. 
[Tf 6 ^. ’07.] —o-to-hy'drops = othydrops. — o-to- 
hys*ter-o-neu-ras-the'ni a, aural hysteria and aural 
neurasthenia combined. [T[ G. ’04.] — o'to-lith, 
o'to-lite, a calculus found in the ear; ear*stone; 
otoconium. tO"tO"6th'ic, o-to-lit'ic, as O. mem¬ 
brane, the gelatinous envelope containing the 
otoliths and covering the internal surface of the 
saccule, utricle, and ampullae where the termina¬ 
tions of the nervesfibres are situated.— o-tol'o-gy, 
a treatise on the ear; the science of the ear. 
to-to-log'ic; o-to-log'i-cal. o-toTo-gist.— o-to- 
mas-sage', massage of the tympanum and audi¬ 
tory ossicles. fo-tO'Hias-seur', as electric o. [Tf L. 
j. ’07.]— o*to-my-as-the'ni a, the defective hearing 
resulting from weakness of the muscles of the ear, 
especially of the tensor tympani and stapedius 
muscles. [TJ G. ’04.] — Otomy'ces, a genus of 
fungi sometimes found in the ear, of which the 
best known species are O. hage'ni, a greenish fun¬ 
gus occasionally found in the ear; and O. pur- 
pu'reus, a darksred fungus growing in the ear 
— o*to-my-co'sis, disease of the ear caused or 
accompanied by the presence of fungi, as Mu'cor 
ramo'sus and M. pepta'tus, in the meatus; when 
caused by the Aspergillus it is known as O. asper- 
gilli'na. Myringomycosis. —o-ton'cus,atumor 

of the auditory apparatus.— o*to-nec-ro-nec'to- 
my, o*to-ne-crec'to-my, excision of the necrosed 
soundsconducting apparatus of the ear. — o’to- 
neu-ral'gi a, nervous pain of the ear.— o*to-neu- 
ras-the'ni a, deficiency of tone in the auditory ap¬ 
paratus.— o-top'a-thy, disease of the auditory ap¬ 
paratus.— o*to-pha-ryn'ge al, relating to the ear 
and pharynx, as O. = eustachian tube. — 


OTOBA FAT 


669 


OVARIAN 


o-to-phleg'mon = otitis. — o'to-phone, i. An 

earstrumpet. 2. An auscultating tube for the ear. 
cw-Otaphone. — o-toph-thal'mic, relating to both 
ear and eye.— o*to-pi-e'sis. i. Pressure upon the 
labyrinth, producing deafness. 2. Sinking in of 
the membrana tympani, due either to excessive 
atmospheric pressure from without or to rarefac¬ 
tion of the air within the tympanic cavity.— o'to- 
plas-ty, an operation by which lesions of the ear 
are repaired by having recourse to a sound por¬ 
tion of the contiguous integument. tO"to-plas'tic. 

— o'to-plex-im'e-ter, an instrument for examining 
the internal ear by percussion.— o-to-pol'y-pus, 
a polypus of the ear.— o‘to-pro-jec'to-scope. 
J.A.M.A. ij. ’06.] — o*to-py-or-rhce'a, purulent 
otorrhoea, or a discharge of pus from the ear. — 
o-to-py-o 'sis, purulent discharge from the ear. — 
o'tor, relating to the ear; aural. — o-to-rheu'ma- 
tism, o’tor-rheu-ma-tis'mus, rheumatic pain in the 
ear; earache. — o‘to-rhi‘no-lar-yn-gol'o-gy, the 
science of the ear, nose, and throat and their 
diseases. — o-tor-rha'gi a, a sudden discharge of 
blood from the ear.— o-tor-rhoe'a, a flowing from 
the ear, usually purulent and sometimes chronic; 
a symptom of various diseases of the ear, as otitis, 
myringitis, etc. — o-to-sal'pinx = Eustachian 

TUBE. - O’tO- 

scle-ro'sis, the 

formation of 
bony tissue in 
the capsule of 
the labyrinth 
of the ear. The 
excision of 
such hardened 
part is called 
o’to-scle-ro- 
nec'to-my. — 
o'to-scope. I. 

An instrument Otoscopes. 

for listening to 

the sound of air passed through the tympanic 
cavity in certain morbid conditions of the ear; 
Toynbee’s o. 2. An ear*speculum (sometimes 
electrical), especially one furnishing a magnified 
view of the internal parts of the ear. Siegle’s 
OTOSCOPE, fo-to-scop'ic; o-tos'co-py. — o-to'sis, 
a mishearing; misunderstanding of words heard. 

— o-tos'te al, relating to the ear bones. — o-tos'- 
teon. I. = Otolith. 2. An ossicle of the ear. 
3. Any one of the bones of the auditory appara¬ 
tus.— o-to-sty'lic, relating to the ear and to the 
styloid process.— o-tot'o-my, incision into the ear. 

— o’to-trau’ma-to-neu-ras-the'ni a, otoneurasthe- 
nia resulting from injury. 

o-to'ba fat (butter). A colorless, fatty substance, 
with an odor like that of nutmeg, from the fruit 
of Myris'Hca oto'ba and containing the crystalline 
principle o-to'bite. 

Ot'ta-wa disease. A Canadian endemic form of 
syphilis. [T[ Gt. ’09.] 

ot'to (ot'tar) of roses. = Attar of roses. 

o-tu'ria, o-tu'ry. A urinous discharge frorri the 
ear, due to metastasis. [< ovg ear-\-ovpov urine.] 

ou-a'ba in. A glucoside, CgoH^gOjg. from ouabaio 
root; ovabaio: an arrow^poison found in Stroph- 
an'thus gra'tus and used like strophanthinum. 
Dose, 0.00006 Gm. (toW&^O Acocantherin. 

ou'la-chon. = Eulachon. 

ou-li'tis. =Ulitis. 

ou'lo-. For words beginning thus, as oulocarcinoma, 
Quloid, oulorrhagia, etc., see ulq-. 


ounce. A measure of weight, being either (a) the 
sixteenth part of a pound avoirdupois, or 437.5 
grs.; or (b) the twelfth part of a pound Troy, or 
480 grs. The U. S. fluidounce, pint, of water, 
weighs 455.7 grs. [< L. un'cia a twelfth part.] 
ou-ra'ri. = Curare. 

ou'ro-. For words beginning thus, as ourology, ouros- 
copy, etc., see uro-. 

-ous. A terminal used in chemistry, and denoting 
a lower condition of oxidation of an element of 
a compound than in the corresponding one the 
name of which ends in -ic. Compare nitric, 
nitrous, ferric, ferrous, etc. 
out'sbow foot. Clubsfoot outward. Gt. ’09.] 
out'cast cell. An apoblast. 

ou'ter. External; externus*: opposed to inner. 

O. line, the outer of Baillarger’s lines. 
out'flow remainder wave. = Tidal wave. 
out'sknee. Bow=leg; genu extrorsum. 
out'let. The lower strait or lower opening of the 
pelvic canal. O. of the pelvis, the lower opening 
of the pelvic cavity. 

out'line. A contour; a circumscription; the figure 
obtained by circumscribing a surface in a contin¬ 
uous line without reference to marginal indenta¬ 
tions. 

out'spa-tient. A patient of a hospital not treated 
within its walls. 

out-pock'et-ing. The fixing of the edges of an ex¬ 
ternal wound around a pedicle or some other part, 
out'rage. Violence against the person ; rape, 
out'scoop-ing. Removal of any substance from a 
cavity by a scoop. 

Ov. Abbr. for o'vum, egg. 

o'va. The plural of ovum. O. graafia'na = graa¬ 
fian follicles. O. nabo'thi = Naboth’s glands. 
o'va-din. An organotherapeutic proprietary prepa¬ 
ration from the dried ovaries of cows and swine, 
containing traces of iodine. [Tf Len. ’07.] 
o'va-gol. A proprietary combination of biliary acids 
with albumin: said to pass into the stomach 
without causing irritation and to be decomposed 
in the intestine, there exerting its cholagogic 
action. [^/. A. M. A. j. ’07.] 
o'val. Eggsshaped. O. amputation, amputation in 
which the incision is made obliquely across the 
limb, so as to leave an oval wound which when 
closed leaves a linear cicatrix; used chiefly at the 
shoulder and metacarpophalangeal joints. O. an¬ 
nulus = annulus ovALis. O. area = AREA ova- 
Lis. O. foramen = FORAMEN OVALE. O. fossa = 
FOSSA OVALIS. O. lobule, the paracentral gyrus. 
O. window = FENESTRA OVALIS. [< L. ovo'Us, fr. 
o'vum egg.] 

o-val-bu'min. Albumin of white of egg. [< L. 

o'vum egg + albu'men white of egg.] 
o'val-tine. [Tf 7 . M. ’06; L. j. ’06.] 
o-va-ra'den. An almost odorless and tasteless or¬ 
ganotherapeutic powder from the ovaries of ani¬ 
mals: used in menstrual diseases. Daily dose, i 
to 3 Gm. (15 to 45 grs.). Len. ’07.] 
o‘va-ri-al'gi a, o-va-ral'gi a. Pains in the hypogas¬ 
tric region spreading from the ovaries, sometimes 
a symptom of hysteria. r^CoLicA menstrualis. 
[< L. ova'rium ovary-I-a/lyof pain.] 
o-va'ri an, o-va'ri al, o-var'ic. Belonging to the 
ovary. O. apoplexy, effusion of blood into the 
ovary. O. artery, a branch of the aorta arising 
below the renal artery and extending between the 
layers of the broad ligament to the ovary; arteria 
ovarica*. O. bulb, the plexus of veins which ex¬ 
tends from the hilum of the ovary into the ova- 




















OVARIECTOMY 


670 


OVER- 


rian ligament. O. cell, the unimpregnated ovum 
in its ovisac. O. centre, a spot on a level with 
aiid about two inches internal to the anterior su¬ 
perior iliac spine. It is the point to which the 
pain is referred in ovarian dysmenorrhoea. O. 
cyst, a cystic tumor of the ovary. O. dropsy = 
HYDROARiUM. O. dysmenorrhcea, dysmenorrhoea 
with the pain confined to the ovarian region. O. 
dyspepsia, reflex dyspepsia due to ovarian disease. 
O. extract, an organotherapeutic preparation from 
the ovaries of animals, as sheep, cows, swine, etc.: 
used chiefly in ovarian and menstrual disturb¬ 
ances. 0 . facies == FACIES ovARiANA. O. fimbria 
= FIMBRIA OVARICA*. O. follicle=GRAAFIAN FOL¬ 
LICLE. 0 . grafting, transplantation of ovarian tis¬ 
sue from one patient to another. Pregnancy has 
thus followed in cases where the ovaries had been 
removed and menstruation had ceased. O. liga¬ 
ment, the cord which attaches the inner end of 
the ovary to the fundus of the uterus; ligamentum 
ovarii propriunt*. O. mound = discus prolige- 
Rus. O. ovum, the ovum while it remains in the 
ovary. O. plexus, the pampiniform plexus of the 
female. 0. pregnancy, pregnancy in which the 
fcetus is developed in the ovary, tw Extra ^ute¬ 
rine PREGNANCY. O. transplantation = O. graft¬ 
ing. O. tubes, tube=like groups of immature ova 
embedded within the stroma of the ovary by the 
proliferation of the germinal epithelium, Pflu- 

ger’s cords. O. varicocele, a varicose condition 
of the veins of the broad ligament. O. vein, a 
tributary of the inferior vena cava or of the renal 
vein which follows the distribution of the ovarian 
artery; vena ovarica*. O. vesicles = graafian 
FOLLICLES. 

o’va-ri-ec'to-my. = Oophorectomy. [< L. ova'- 
riunt ovary + £KTop.T/ excision.] 
o-va'ri in, o-va-ri-i'num sic'cum. An organothera¬ 
peutic proprietary preparation from the dried 
ovaries of cows: used in ovarian diseases and arti¬ 
ficial climacterium. Dose, i.o Gm. (15 grs.). 
o'va-rin. Sterilized extract of the ovaries of swine: 

used in sterility, ovarian diseases, etc. 
o-va'ri-o-. Denoting relation to an ovary; oario-: 
a combining form. ^Oophoro-; ovo-. [< L. 
ova'rium ovary.] o-va'ri-o-cele. i. Hernia of 
the ovary. Vaginal o., protrusion of the posterior 
wall of the vagina due to prolapse into it of an 
enlarged ovarium. 2. Tumor of the ovary.— 
o-va*ri-o-cen-te'sis, puncture of the ovary or of 
an ovarian cyst; paracentesis ovarii.— 0 ‘va-ri-oc'- 
la -sis, the breaking down of the tissue of the 
ovary when its removal cannot be accomplished. 
— o-va’ri-o-cy-e'sis, ovarian pregnancy.— o-va*- 
ri-o-dys-neu'ri a, neuralgic pain in the ovary.— 
o-vaTi-o=ep'i-lep-sy, a form of reflex epilepsy oc¬ 
curring at the time of menstruation and due to 
disease of the ovaries, dysmenorrhcea, etc. is* 
Hysterosepilepsy. —o-vaTi-o-hys-te-rec'to-my, 
excision of the ovaries and the uterus.— o-va’ri- 
o-ma'ni a = oophoromania. — o-va-ri-on'cus = 
OVARIOCELE.— o-vaTi-o-pa-rec'ta-sis, morbid en¬ 
largement of the ovary.— o-va’ri-o-phy'ma, any 
tumor of the ovary.— o-va*ri-or-rhex'is, rupture 
of an ovary.— o-vaTi-o-sal-pin-gec'to-my, exci¬ 
sion of the ovaries and fallopian tubes.— o-va*- 
ri-o-ste-re'sis, excision of an ovary.— o-va-ri-os'- 
to-my, operation of puncture and drainage of an 
ovarian cyst through an incision into the abdo¬ 
men.— o-va-ri-ot'o-my, removal or extirpation 
of an ovarian tumor, after laparotomy (Abdom¬ 
inal o.)i and sometimes through the vagina (Vag¬ 


inal o.): first performed in Dec., 1809, by the 
American physician Ephraim McDowell for a cys¬ 
tic ovary. Normal o., removal of a healthy ovary; 
Battey’s operation, Oophorectomy, fo-va- 
ri-ot'o-mist.— o-va'ri-o-tox'in [^/.M.’o6].— o-va’- 
ri-o-tu'bal, relating to the ovary and the oviduct, 
o'va-rism. The doctrine that all organized bodies 
are developed solely from the ovum of the female, 
fo'va-rist; o'vist. 

o-va-ri'tis. Inflammation of the ovary or its mem¬ 
branes, rarely primary, but usually secondary in 
puerperal and peritoneal inflammations; oophor¬ 
itis. [< L. ova'rium ovary+ -ir/f.] 
o-va'rium*. = Ovary. O. masculi'num = hyda¬ 
tid OF Morgagni. 

o-vaTi-y-drec'ta-sis. Cystic ovarian tumor, 
o-va’ri-y-per'tro-phy. Hypertrophy of the ovary. 

[< L. ova'rium ovary -b hypertrophy.] 
o’va-ro-hys-te-rec'to-my. =Ovariohysterectomy. 
o'va-ron. A tannin compound prepared from ova¬ 
rian tissue. Dose, o.i Gm. (i^ grs.). 
o'va-ry. One of the two sexual glands of the female 
in which the ova are developed; ovarium*. It is 
a flat, oval body, connected with the posterior 
surface of the broad ligament and indirectly at¬ 
tached to the uterus and the oviduct. At the 
hilum the connective tissue derived from the 
ovarian ligament enters the ovary, forming the 
stroma, the outer third being the cortex, in which 
the graafian follicles are found, while the inner 
portion is spoken of as the medulla, 
o-va-se'rum. A serum from an animal immunized 
against eggsalbumin: it precipitates egg*albumin 
of the same species. 

o'vate. Eggsshaped. [< L. oua'iM5, fr. o'uwm egg.] 
o-va'tion. The discharge of a ripe ovum from the 
ovary. ^Ovulation. [< L. o't'Mwi egg.] 
ov'en. In bacteriology, an apparatus for sterilizing 
culturesmedia by heat, or for keeping them at an 
even temperature. 

o'ver-. Higher in rank, place, value, etc.; on the 
surface of; upon: a combining form. Super. 
[< A. S. ojer over.]* o’ver-crowd'ing, the unsani¬ 
tary practice of having too many lodgers sleeping 
in one room or in one building; the placing of too 
many workers or too many pupils in a room or 
building.— o'ver-dose, an excessive dose, as of a 
medicine or poison.— o*ver-ex-er'tion, too great 
harmful exertion. — o‘ver-ex-ten'sion, extension 
beyond the usual line, as of a joint.— o*ver-feed'- 
ing, a mode of treatment in which the patient is 
given more food than his appetite requires, as in 
Mitchell’s treatment. — o'ver-flow of gall, a 
name for severe or obstinate jaundice. O. incon¬ 
tinence, incontinence. O. remainder wave = 
TIDAL WAVE.— o'ver-growth, excessive growth in 
size or stature. — o’ver-lac-ta'tion, excessive se¬ 
cretion of milk.— o’ver-lap'ping ==ovERRiDiNG.— 
o-ver-lay'ing, the placing of one thing upon 
another, as surgical dressings or different tissues 
in operations. — o-ver-lie', to kill by suffocation 
by lying upon, as when a mother or nurse lies upon 
an infant in her sleep, fo-ver-ly'ing. — o*ver-nu- 
tri'tion, overfeeding. — o-ver-pres'sure, over¬ 

work of the brain.— o-ver-rid'ing, the slipping or 
riding of one fragment of a fractured bone past 
another in such a way as to shorten the limb. 
— o-ver-sight'ed-ness = h ypermetropi a. — o'ver- 
strain = OVERWORK.— o'verstoe, hallux valgus, 
in which the great toe overlies the others.— o'ver- 
tone, a higher tone resounding faintly above the 
fundamental tone. It is applied to a mental com 


OVEROsBUTUA 


671 


OVUM 


dition (Psychic o.) when there is a consciousness 
of faint associated relations accompanying every 
image presented to the mind.— o'ver-work, exer¬ 
tion, either mental or physical, to the point of 
exhaustion. I. M. ’05.] 
o'ver-osbu'tu a. = Pareira brava. 
o'vi. The genitive of ovum. O. albu'min, the 
white of eggs, especially hens’ eggs: valuable as 
a nutrient and an antidote for copper sulphate 
and corrosive sublimate poisoning. O. puta'men 
(tes'ta), eggsshell: formerly used as an antacid 
and, in form of a coarse powder, as an anthel¬ 
mintic. O. vitel'lus, the yolk of eggs, especially 
hens’ eggs: nutrient, laxative, and emulsifier, 
o'vi-. Relating to an egg or ovum; ovo-: a com¬ 
bining form. [< L. o'vum egg.] — o'vic, relating 
to an ovum. O. cell, the primitive ovum.— o-vi- 
cap'sule, the internal coat of a graafian follicle, 
lined by a layer of cells called the membrana 
GRANULOSA. — o'vi-cell, Sin unfecundated ovum. 
— o'vi-duct, the fallopian tube, which conveys 
the ovum from the ovary to the uterus, 



Section of Human Oviduct near Fimbria. —a. Lumen 
of tube encroached upon by complicated folds, b. 
Layer of ciliated columnar epithelium, c. Fibrous 
tissue supporting plications, d. Circular layer of mus¬ 
cle. e. Longitudinal bundles of muscle-cells, f. Exter¬ 
nal fibrous tissue. 

du-cal. — o-vif'e-rous, producing ova.— o’vi-fi- 
ca'tion, the development of the ovum in the 
ovary; ovulation.— o'vi-form, shaped like an egg. 
— o-vig'e-nous layer, that portion or layer of the 
ovary in which the mature graafian vesicles are 
found. — o'vi-germ, a cell which develops into an 
ovum. — o-vig'e-rous, producing or containing 
ova. — o-vip'a-rous, laying eggs; bringing forth 
young in the egg^stage of development. — o*vi-po- 
si'tion, the act of depositing or laying eggs, fo-vi- 
pos'it. o-vi-pos'i-tor.— o-vi-pro'to-gen, a proprie¬ 
tary food for invalids and infants; used in milk 
and hypodermically and said to be an albumin 
preparation. — o'vi-sac = graafian follicle. — 
o'vism = ov.\RiSM. 

o-vi-na'tion. Inoculation with sheep=pox. 
o'vine. Pertaining to sheep; sheep*like. O. tera¬ 
tology. [T[ L. j. ’07.] O. vari'ola = sheep*pox. 
o-vin'i a. =Sheep=pox. 

o'vis a'deps. The tallow of the sheep (O. a'ries) : 

mutton suet. k?^Sevum. [L.] 
o'vo-. Relating or pertaining to an egg or ovum; 
OVI-: a combining form, c^Oophoro-; ovario-. 


[< L. o'vum egg.] o'vo-blast, the primitive ovum. 
— o'vo-cen-ter, o-vo-cen'trum, the centrosome of 
an ovum during fertilization.— o-vo-coc'cus, the 
nucleus of an unimpregnated ovum.— o'vo-cyte 
= OOCYTE.— o-vo-ferTin, ferri vitellinum synthe- 
ticum.— o'vo-gal, a cholagogue prepared from 
cholic acid of oxsbile and albumin.— o-vo- 
gen'e-sis, the process of the development of 
the ovum, fo-vog'e-nous. — o-vo-glob'u-lin, the 
globulin in the white of egg.— o'vo-gone, o-vo- 
go'nium, any one of the undifferentiated cells 
of the ovary which develops into an ovum; 
oogonium.— o'void, o-void'al, egg=shaped. 0 . 
cells = DELOMORPHOus CELLS. — o-vo-kai'y-on, 
the nucleus of an unfertilized ovum.— o-vo-lec'i- 
thin, a proprietary, yellowish, wax*like lecithin 
from the yolk of eggs, soluble in alcohol and 
ether: used as a nervine in phosphaturia, tuber¬ 
culosis, etc. Len. ’07.] — o-vo-lem'ma = vi¬ 
telline membrane; zona pellucida. — o-vol'- 
o-gy, the science which treats of the embry- 
ological development of the egg.— o-vo-lu'te in, 
LUTEIN of the yolk of egg.— o-vo-mer'i-ten, 
the minute granules formed by the breaking up 
of the female pronucleus during impregnation. 

Merit. — o-vo-mu'cin, a glycoproteid which 
forms about 7% of the proteid matter of white of 
egg. — o-vo-mu'coid, a glycoproteid derived from 
the white of egg. — o'vo-nite, the mass produced 
by segmentation of the ovum. — o'vo-plasm, the 
substance or protoplasm of an unfecundated 
ovule. — o'vo-plas-ty, the uniting of the spermato¬ 
zoon and the ovum in fecundation. — o'vos, a pro¬ 
prietary preparation from yeast: used as a sub¬ 
stitute for meatsextract. Len. ’07.]— o-vo-se'- 
rum = ovASERUM. — o'vosu'ri-na-ry bag, the al¬ 
lantois. — o-vo-vi-tel'lin, a proteid formed in the 
yolk of egg. — o’vo-vi-vip'a-rous, having eggs 
which are hatched within the body. 

ov'u-la. Plural of ov'ulum, Ovule. O. graafia'- 
na = GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES. 0. nabo'thi = NA- 
both’s follicles. [L.] 

ov-u-la'tion. The growth and discharge of an un¬ 
impregnated ovum, usually coincident with the 
menstrual period, Menstruation ; rut. 

ov'ule. I. The ovum before its discharge from the 
graafian vesicle; ovulum*. 2. Any small egg*like 
body. i^OvUM. O. of de Graaf, a graafian ves¬ 
icle. O. of Naboth = Naboth’s follicle. [< L. 
ov'ulum little egg, dim. of o'vum egg.] fov'u- 
lar, pertaining to an ovule or ovum, as O. abor¬ 
tion, abortion occurring soon after fecundation 
has begun: O. = decidua reflexa: and 

O. membrane = \iTELhiiiE membrane, ov'u-late. 
ov-u-lif'e-rous. 

ov'u-lum*. = Ovule. 

o'vum, pi. o'va. i. An egg, particularly a hen’s egg. 
2. The female reproductive cell. The human 
germscell is a round cell, about 0.2 mm. in.) 
in diameter, developed in the ovary. It contains 
protoplasm {yolk or vitellus) composed of a retic¬ 
ulum of active protoplasm {ooplasm) and the nu¬ 
tritive substance {deutoplasm) surrounded by a 
celLwall {vitelline membrane) in the fertilized 
ovum, and a large nucleus {germinal vesicle), with¬ 
in which is a nucleolus {germinal spot). It is sur¬ 
rounded by an additional protecting envelope, the 
zona pellucida or radiata. For various types of 
ova CS- ALECITHAL APOPLECTIC ; BLIGHTED ; CEN- 
trolecithal; holoblastic; male; meroblast; 
permanent; primitive; primordial; tblolscci- 
THAL. [L.] 



OWEN’S LINES 


O'wen’s lines. =Schreger’s lines. 

Ox. Abbr. for oxymel. 
ox-ac'id. An acid that contains oxygen, 
ox-a-lae'mi a. An excess of oxalates in the blood, 
ox-al-am'ide. =Oxamide. 

ox'a-lan. A white, crystalline substance, C3H5N3O3, 
formed by the action of ammonia on alloxan, 
ox-a-lan'tin. =Leucoturic acid. 
ox'a-late. A salt of oxalic acid, as Cerium o. = 
CERII OXALAS*. 

ox-a-lat'ic diathesis. That state of the system which 
predisposes to the urinary excretion of oxalates, 
ox-al'de-hyde. =:Glyoxal. 

ox-al-eth'y-lin. A colorless, aroipatic liquid, CgHjoNo, 
formed by the action of ethyl bromide on methyl- 
glyoxalin; methylethylglyoxalin. 
ox-al'ic *acid. A highly poisonous acid, 

+ 2H2O, obtained from woodssorrel, sugar, cellu¬ 
lose, and other substances by the action of nitric 
acid, with the aid of heat; salts of lemon; acid 
of sugar; essence of sugar; acidum oxalicum. It 
occurs in white or colorless crystals, resembling 
Epsom salt. It is used medicinally as an em- 
menagogue, expectorant, and sedative. Dose, 
0.03 to 0.06 Gm. to I gr.). Antidotes are 
chalk, limeswater, and magnesia. O. aldehyde 
= GLYOXAL. O. calculus, a urinary calculus con¬ 
taining calcium oxalate. [< L. ox’alts sorrel.] 
ox'a-lin. =Glyoxalin. 

Ox'alis. Sorrel, a genus of plants of the order Ox- 
alidecB. O. acetosel'la, the woodssorrel, a native 
of the United States and Europe; used as a refrig¬ 
erant and sometimes a condiment. [< b^vq sour.] 
ox'a-lism. Poisoning with oxalic acid, a poison fre¬ 
quently used with suicidal intent, 
ox-a'lium. = Potassium binoxalate. 
ox-al-u-ram'ide. =Oxalan. 

ox-a-lu'ri a. A condition of the urine showing in¬ 
creased quantities of crystals of calcium oxalate, 
which may form calculi: it occurs from the 
ingestion of oxalic acid in food, as pie^plant 
and spinach, or from a disturbance of metabolism, 
or of the nervous centres as in lithaemia and mas¬ 
turbation, the oxalic acid not being completely 
converted into carbon dioxide, 
ox-a-lu'ric acid. An acid, C3H4N2O4, from para- 
BANic acid: normally present in the urine. 
ox‘al-yl-u're a. = Parabanic acid. 
ox-am'ate. A salt of oxamic acid. ^Oxamide. 
ox-a-meth'ane. A white, crystalline compound, 
C4H;N03, of ammonia and ethyl oxalate, 
ox-a-meth'y-lane. A crystalline substance, C3H- 
N5O3, made by saturating fused methyl oxalate 
with dry ammonia gas. 

ox-am'ide. A white, crystalline substance, CO(N- 
H2)C0(NH2), formed by shaking together a neu¬ 
tral oxalic ester and aqueous ammonia; the 
monamide, CO(NH2)COOH, is also called ox- 
amide: when heated with aqueous ammonia ox- 
am'ic acid, C 2 H 3 NO 3 , is formed, fox-am'i-dine, a 
crystalline substance, C(NH)(NH2).C(NH)(NH2). 
ox-an-i-lam'ide. A white, crystalline substance, 
CgHgN202, formed by decomposing cyanilin with 
hydrochloric acid. 

ox-a-nil'ic acid. A crystalline compound, CgH-N03, 
formed by heating dehydrated oxalic acid with 
aniline; phenyloxamic acid, 
ox'a-phor. A 50% alcoholic oxycamphor solution, 
ox^a-tyl. = Carboxyl. 
ox-a-zo'tic acid. = Nitric acid. 
ox'sbot. Hypoder’ma linea’ta, an insect whose larvae 
infest cattle, 


672 OXY- 

ox-e-ron'o-sus. A morbid state of the body due to 
excessive acidity, 
ox'eye. == Buphthalmia. 
ox'gall. =Fel bovis*. 
ox-hy'dryl. = Hydroxyl. 
ox'i-base. A basic oxide, fox-i-ba'sic. 
ox'i-dase. i. An enzyme found in the living cell* 
nucleus, especially columnar epithelium and 
glandular tissue, having the power of oxidizing 
other compounds, 2. One of a series of leuco¬ 
cytic products having the power of attenuating 
various poisons. i^Adrenoxin. 
ox-i-da'tion. The combining of a certain quantity 
of oxygen with metals or other substances; the 
formation of an oxide. fox*i-da-bil'i-ty, the 
capability of combining with oxygen, ox'i-da-ble, 
susceptible of combining with oxygen, ox'i-da- 
ted. ox'i-dize, to cause to combine with oxygen ; 
to form an oxide. dx-id'u-la-ted, containing 
oxygen. 

ox'ide, ox'id. A compound of oxygen with a metal 
or other substance. The term is usually applied 
to those compounds of oxygen which are not 
acids. Oxidation. Acid o., an oxide produc¬ 
ing an acid on combination with water. Basic o., 
an oxide that unites with acids to form salts. 
Metallic o., an oxide that consists of a metallic 
element and oxygen. Neutral o., an oxide that 
does not form an acid with water and does not 
form salts. [< L. ox'idum.] 
ox'i-dum. =OxiDE. [L. ] 

ox'i en. A proprietary tablet of canessugar, milk- 
sugar, corn*starch, oil of sassafras, oil of winter- 
green, and a bitter principle. [Tf J. A.M. A. ’07.] 
ox'ime. One of a group of compounds containing 
the group CNOH, formed by the action of hydrox- 
ylamine on aldehydes and ketones, 
ox-im'e-ter. A measurer of oxygen, 
ox'in. A proprietary saccharin and beef*extract 
combination. 

ox-in'dole. A colorless, crystalline compound. 
CgH.jNO, formed in various ways, as by reducing 
orthonitrophenyl acetic acid, 
ox-i'o-dine. = Iodic acid. 

ox'ol. Any one of the antiseptic mixtures contain¬ 
ing hydrogen dioxide and other substances: 
chiefly used terminally (-oxol), as in menthoxol, 
CAMPHOXOL, etc. 

ox-o-ly'in. That substance of the two, said to be 
contained in casein, globulin, albumin, and fibrin, 
which dissolves in glacial acetic acid, 
ox-on'ic acid. An unstable compound, C4H5N3O4, 
known only by its salts. 

ox-u'ric acid. The superoxygenated uric acid of 
Vauquelin. 

ox'y-. A combining form denoting “sharpness,” 
“ acuteness,” “ keenness,” and sometimes “ sour¬ 
ness.” In chemical terms it indicates acidity, a 
hydroxyl, an oxide, or combination with oxygen. 
[< of ye sharp, sour.] Oxy- enters into an increas¬ 
ingly large number of complex chemical terms, of 
which we have space here only for some of the 
most important ones, the other oxy- words being 
arranged in their regular vocabulary place.— 
ox-y-a-can'thine = oxycanthine. — ox’y-a-ce'tic 
acid = GLYCoLLic ACID. — ox-y-ac'c-tonc = ace- 
TOL. — ox'ysac'id. = Oxacid. — ox*y-am-mo'ni a 
= HYDRoxYLAMiNE. — ox’y-a-myg-dal'ic acid, a 
crystalline substance, C8Hg04, found in the urine 
in acute yellow atrophy of the liver.— ox-y- 
an'thra-cene = anthraquinone. — ox'y-base, a 
basic oxide. — ox-y-ben'zol = phenol. — ox-y- 


OXY- 


673 


OXYCEPHALUS 


bro'mide, a compound containing oxygen and 
bromine united to another element or radical. 

— ox'y-bur-se-raz'in, a radio*active substance 
said to be prepared from the antiseptic con¬ 
stituent, burserazin, of resin of myrrh, and to 
form an adherent membrane when combined 
with warm blood and exposed to air.— ox*y-bu- 
tyr'ic acid, a fatty acid, QHgO, = C3H60H.COOH, 
found in the urine (oxybutyria) and blood (oxy- 
butyricacidcBmia) of diabetic patients and in cer¬ 
tain fevers.— ox-y-cam'phor, a derivative of cam¬ 
phor in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced 
by a hydroxyl group: used in dyspnoea, bronchitis, 
etc. Dose, 2 to 3 Gm. (30 to 45 grs.). i^^Oxaphor. 

— ox-y-can'na-bin, a crystalline substance,CgoH^o- 
NgOy, formed by the action of hot nitric acid 
on cannabin.— ox-y-can'thine, a bitter alkaloid, 
CjgHjgNOg, from the root of Ber'beris vulga'ris; 
oxyacanthine; berbine; vinetine.— ox*y-ca-pro'ic 
acid=LEUcic acid. — ox*y-chin-a-sep'tol=DiAPH- 
THERiN.— ox-y-chin'o-lin = carbostyril. — ox- 
y-chlo'rate, a compound of a chlorate and oxygen. 

— ox-y-chlo'ric acid = perchloric acid. — ox-y- 
chlo'ride, a compound of a chloride with an oxide. 
— ox-y-chlo'rine, the tetraborate of sodium and po¬ 
tassium with oxychloride of boron: used as a dress¬ 
ing for wounds. [Tf Dl. ’06.] ox-y-cho'line = mus¬ 
carine. — ox-y-chro'ma-tin = LiNiN, def. i.— ox- 
y-cin'cho-nine, a substance, C20H24N2O2, isomeric 
with quinine.— ox'y-cin-nam'ic acid = coumaric 
acid. — ox-y-cit'ric acid, an acid, CgHgOg, found 
in beets and turnipsjuice, and prepared artificially 
from aconitic acid. — ox-y-coc'cin, an uncrystal- 
lizable glucoside from cranberries, the fruit of 
Vaccin'ium macrocar'pon. — ox-y-col'li-din, an 
alkaloid, CgHijNO, from codsliver oil.— ox-y-co'- 
nine, ox-y-co'ni in = conhydrine. — ox-y-cou'- 
ma-rine = umbelliferone. — ox-y-cre'o-sol = 
GUAiACOL. —ox‘y-cro-con'ic acid=LEuCTyNic acid. 

— ox-y-cy'mene, -cy'mol = carvacrol. — ox'yd 
= OXIDE. — ox'y-dase = oxidase. — ox-y-da'tion 
= OXIDATION.— ox*y-di-meth*yl-ben-zo'ic acid = 
XYLETic ACID.—ox’y-di-meth-yl-chin'i-zin, -quin'- 
i-zin = ANTiPYRiNE.— ox'y-di-mot'phine, a crys¬ 
talline substance, C34H3gN20g, derived from mor¬ 
phine.— ox'y-dol, a hydrogen dioxide solution.— 
ox'y-dum = OXIDE.—ox-y-h8em'a-tin=H^MATiN. 

— ox'y-haem-a-to-por'phy-rin, a substance some¬ 
times found in the urine, to which it gives a red 
color. It is closely related to uroh.®matopor- 
PHYRiN.— ox'y-haem-o-cy'a-nin, haemocyanin and 
oxygen combined.— ox*y-haem-o-glo'bin, haemo¬ 
globin loosely combined with oxygen: the form in 
which haemoglobin exists in arterial blood. — ox- 
y-hal'oid, a compound of oxygen and a haloid 
with an element or radical.— ox'y-hip-pu'ric acid. 

B.M.J.j. ’06.]—ox*y-hy-dro-quin'one, a com¬ 
pound, CgH3(OH)3, formed by the fusion of hy- 
droquinone with potash. — ox-y-i'o-dide, a salt 
consisting of the oxide and iodide of the same 
base. — ox-y-ieu'co-tin, a compound, 03411320,2. 
derived from paracoto bark.— ox*y-lin-o-le'ic acid, 
a substance, CjgH2e05, obtained by oxidizing lin- 
oleic acid. — ox’y-man-del'ic acid, a substance, 
C8H8O4, formed in the urine in acute yellow 
atrophy of the liver. Dl. ’06.] — ox-y-meth'- 
yl-ene = formol. — ox-y-mor'phine = pseudo¬ 
morphine. — ox*y-my-o-haem'a-tin, qxidized my- 
OHiEMATIN.—ox’y-naph-tho'ic acid=CARBONAPH- 
THOLic ACID.— ox-y-naph'thol, a naphthol deriv¬ 
ative, CigHgOg, existing in two isomeric forms.— 
ox’y-naph-tho-quin'one, a yellow, crystalline sub- 

43 


stance, CjgHgOg; naphthalic acid.— ox-y-nar'co- 
tine, a crystalline alkaloid, C22H23NO8, from 
opium.— ox-y-neu'rine = betaine. — ox-y-path'- 
i a, a diathesis in which acidosis plays an impor¬ 
tant part. L1TH.EMIA. ox-y-phen-ac'e-tin, 
as O. salicylate, an antirheumatic and antipyretic. 

— ox-y-phen'ic acid = pyrocatechin. — ox-y- 
phe'nol = PYROCATECHIN. —ox*y-phen‘yl-am'i-do- 
pro-pi-on'ic acid = tyrosine. — ox’y-phen'yl-eth- 
yl-am'ine, a substance formed in pancreatic di¬ 
gestion. — ox’y-phen-yl-sul-phon'ic acid test for 
albumin in the urine, the formation of a trans¬ 
parent white precipitate when to i Cc. of urine 
is added a drop of a solution composed of 3 parts of 
oxyphenylsulphonic acid, i part of salicylsulphon- 
ic acid, and 20 parts of water.— ox'y-phor = oxa- 
PHOR. — ox-y-pi-e'ric acrd = styphnic acid. — ox- 
y-pro'lin. [T| B. M. J. ij. ’06.] — ox'y-pro-py-len- 
di-i •so-am-yl-am'ine, a synthetic alkaloid said 
to resemble atropine in its action upon the 
heart.— ox-y-pro'te in, a protein containing much 
oxygen. — ox’y-pro-te-in'ic acid, a compound, 
^43^^32^14^31^* found in normal urine.— ox*y-pro- 
ton'ic or ox’y-pro-ton-sul-phon'ic acid, an acid 
obtained by the oxidation of proteids.— ox-y-py'- 
ri-dine, a compound, C5H5NO, derived from pyri¬ 
dine.— ox’y-quin-a-sep'tol = diaphtherin. — ox- 
y-quin'ine, a transparent substance formed by 
boiling quinine sulphate with potassium nitrite. 

— ox-y-quin'i-zin, a compound, C9H8N2O, formed 
by oxidizing quinizin.— ox-y-quin'o-lin = carbo¬ 
styril. — ox-y-sac'cha-rum, a mixture of vinegar 
and sugar. — ox'yssalt, a salt derived from an 
oxygen acid, as distinguished from a haloid salt, 
one derived from a halogen acid. — ox-y-san'to- 
nin, a substance formed in the body from the in¬ 
gestion of santonin. i^Artemisin. — ox-y-sep'sin, 
an antistuberculosis toxin obtained from cultures 
of the Bacil'lus tuberculo'sis, in cases marked by 
very persistent high fever.— ox-y-spar'te ine, an 
oxidation»product of sparteine, C,5H24N02: used 
as a heart stimulant. Dose, 0.03 Gm. gr.). 

— ox-y-sul'phide, a mixture of an oxide and 
a sulphide, or a sulphide some of whose sul¬ 
phur is replaced by oxygen. — ox-y-tol'u-ene = 
CRESOL.—ox*y-tol‘u-yl-tro-pe'ine=HOMATROPiNE. 

— ox-y-tox'in, an antitoxin produced by the oxi¬ 
dation of a toxin. — ox’y-tu-ber'cu-lin, oxidized 
tuberculin; used in doses of 20 Cc. (5 fl. drs.) a day. 
ox'y-u-vit'ic acid, a crystalline substance, CgH805, 
formed from chloroform.— ox-y-vas'e-line = va- 
soGEN.— ox-y-zy'mol = carvacrol. 

ox*y-a-co'a, -coi'a, -koi'a, -^u'sis. =Oxyecoia. 

ox'y-aes-the'si a. Increased sensation, or abnormal 
acuteness of sensation; hyperaesthesia. 

ox-y-a'phe, ox-y-a'phi a. Acute sense of touch. 

ox*y-ar-te-ri'tis (-ar-thri'tis). Acute arteritis (ar¬ 
thritis) . 

ox-y-blep'si a. Acute sight. 

ox-y-bo'li a. Abnormally rapid or quick ejaculation 
of seminal fluid. 

ox*y-bron-chi'tis. Acute bronchitis. 

ox‘y-bu-tyr'i a, ox*y-bu-tyr*ic-ac-i-daB'mi a. Ox 

YBUTYRIC ACID. 

ox’y-cau-lor-rhoe'a. Acute mucoid flux from the 
male urethra. 

ox-y-ceph'a-lus. A skull characterized by excessive 
development in the region of the anterior fonta¬ 
nel and arrested development of the posterior 
region, giving the head a pointed appearance, 

tox'y-ce-pha'lia; ox-y-ceph'a-ly. ox*y-ce-phal'ic; 
ox-y-ceph'a-lous. 


OXYCYSTITIS 


674 


OZONE 


ox’y-cys-ti'tis. Acute cystitis. 

Oxyden'dron arbo'reum. Sorrelstree; sour*wood. 
ox-y-der'ci a. Keenness of vision. 
ox‘y-di-a-bro'sis. Ulceration progressing rapidly, 
ox'y-e-coi'a, ox*y-e-koi'a. Morbid acuteness of the 
sense of hearing, oxyokoia; hyperacusis; oxyacoa. 
ox'y-en-ceph-a-li'tis. Acute encephalitis. 
ox-y-€n*do-car-di'tis. Acute endocarditis, 
ox’y-en-te-ri'tis. Acute enteritis. 
ox‘y-ep-a-ti'tis. Acute hepatitis, 
ox'y-gar. A proprietary agar, hydrogensperoxide 
compound. 

ox‘y-gas-tro-me'ni a. Acute metastasis of menstrual 
discharge to the stomach. 

ox'y-gen. An element of atmospheric air (about 
20%). water, of many acids, and of all animal 
and vegetable organisms: sp. gr., 1.1056; at. wt., 
15.88; sym. O. It is a diad and an invisible, in¬ 
odorous, colorless liquefiable gas. It is used 
therapeutically chiefly by inhalation in diseases of 
the respiratory organs, diabetes, etc. It was dis¬ 
covered by Priestley in 1774. Argon; ozone. 
O. acid, an acid containing oxygen as an essential 
constituent. O.scarrier, a catalytic substance 
which absorbs oxygen=molecules, splitting them 
later into atomic oxygen. O. powder, a bleach¬ 
ing powder consisting of sodium peroxide. [< 
o^vq sharp or sour+ 7ewdi> to produce.] fox'y- 
gen-ase = oxygenscarrier. ox'y-gen-a-ted (ox'- 
y-gen-ized), as O. water = hydrogen peroxide. 
ox-y-gen'e-sis, any disease due to a change of the 
normal amount of oxygen in the blood, ox-y- 
gen'ic, as O. energy, the effect produced by oxygen 
when fixed in the tissues, consisting of an in¬ 
crease in the bulk of the tissue or organ. 
ox*y-ge-na'tion. A term applied to combination 
with oxygen; oxidation. 

■ ox-y-geu'si a. Abnormal acuteness of taste, 
ox'y-glos-si'tis. Acute glossitis, 
ox’y-hy-dro-ceph'a-lus. Hydrocephalus marked by 
a pointed or sharp top of the head. 
ox*y-ki-ne'sis. Pain produced by moving, 
ox-y-ic'te-rus. Acute jaundice, 
ox-y-la'li a. Abnormal rapidity of speech. 
ox*y-lar-yn-gi'tis. Acute laryngitis, 
ox-y-mar'co-dine. An alkaloid from opium, 
ox’y-mas-ti'tis. Acute mastitis, 
ox'y-mel. A mixture of vinegar and honey boiled 
to a syrup; simple o. Other oxymels contain in 
addition medicinal substances, as the ox^nnel of 
squill ( 0 . sciVlce) and the oxymels of colchicum, 
ipecac, lobelia, etc. •j'ox'y-mel-la-ted. 
ox-ym'e-ter. = Eudiometer. 
ox‘y-me-tri'tis. Acute metritis, 
ox'y-my-e-li'tis. Acute myelitis, 
ox’y-my-i'tis. Acute myitis. 

ox*y-no-se'ma, ox-yn'o-sos, ox-yn'o-sus. Acute 

disease. 

ox-yn'tic. Concerned in the secretion of the proper 
hydrochloric acid of the stomach. O. cells = de- 
LOMORPHOUS CELLS. 0. gland, a gland which 
secretes acid. [ < o^vveiv to make sharp.] 
ox-yn'tin. A protein, hydrochloricsacid compound. 
ox‘y-o-koi'a. = Oxyecoia. 
ox-y-o'pi a. Unusual acuteness of vision. 
ox‘y-os-phre'si a. Abnormal acuteness of smell, 
ox-y-pa'thi a. Abnormal sensitivity of sensation, 
ox'y-phile, ox'y-phil. A histological element sus¬ 
ceptible to acid stains, fox-y-phi'lous. 
ox'y-phleg-ma'si a. A sharp, acute, or violent at¬ 
tack of inflammatory disease, 
ox-y-pho'ni a, ox-yph'o-ny. A shrill or squalling 


voice: a symptom attendant on certain morbid 
conditions of the larynx, cr P a R- 
APHONiA. fox-y-phon'ic. 
ox-y-po'di a. =Talipes equinus. 
ox-y-reg'mi a. Acid eructation, 
ox-y-sep'sis. Putrefaction with the 
development of acid, 
ox-y-sit'ia. Gastric hyperacid¬ 
ity. 

ox-y-spar'te ine. An oxidation 
product, CigH24N20, of sparte¬ 
ine: narcotic. 

ox'y-spore. = Exotospore. 
ox-y-to'cic. I. Accelerating par¬ 
turition. 2. A medicine which 
accelerates parturition, 
ox-y-to'ci um. An oxytocic remedy, 
ox-y-tro'pism. Response to the 
stimulating effects of oxygen. 

SiTOTROPISM. 

Oxyu'ris, -rus. A genus of entozoa, 
or nematoid parasites, En¬ 
tozoa. 0. vermicula'ris, thread^ 
worm (from its resemblance to a 
piece of thread), and also maw» 
worm, a species of small, white, 
round worm, about half an inch 
in length, having a tail tapering 
to a sharp point. Its true hab¬ 
itat is in the caecum but it is 
often found in the rectum, occasioning there an 
intolerable itching. [ < b^vq sharp + ohpa tail.] 
tox-y-u'ri-cide, any anthelmintic destructive to 
the Oxyuris. ox-y-u'rid, a seats or threadsworm 
oys'ter. = 0 strea. Typhoid fever. O.sshells, 
the tes'tcE ostrea'rum, or shells of Os'trea edu'lis. 
Powdered or reduced to lime, they were once pre¬ 
scribed as antacid, isr Testa praeparata. 
oys'tersshuck’ers’ keratitis. A form of suppurative 
keratitis due to a bit of oystersshell in the cornea. 
Oz. Abbr. for ounce. 

o-zae'na. A specific contagious rhinosinusitis, with 
a foul, mucopurulent discharge from the nostrils, 
accompanied by the formation of thick crusts or 
scabs, and sometimes by ulceration and necrosis 
or caries of the bones. It is thought to be due to a 
microsorganism, the Ozagnacoc'cus, and is proba¬ 
bly found in dogs. O. syphilit'ica, the ozaena of 
syphilitic rhinitis. [< stench.] fo^zae-nous. 
o'zo-. Denoting smell or odor' relating to ozone: a 
combining form, as in o-zo-mul'sion, o-zo'na-tin, 
o-zo'no-form, o'zo-phene, etc. [< b^eiv to smell.] 
o-zo'ker-ine, natural vaseline.— ^o-zo-ke'rite, o-zo- 
ce'rite, a kind of mineral wax, of varying composi¬ 
tion.— o-zo-chro'ti a, a morbidly strong odor of 
the skin.— o'zo-na-tor, an instrument for the pro¬ 
duction of ozone.— o'zo-nol, a proprietary prepa¬ 
ration: used»in diseases of the mucous membranes. 

— o-zo-nom'e-try, the determination of the 
amount of ozone in the air. to-zo-nom'e-ter. — 
o-zo'no-phore, a red blood*corpuscle (referring to 
the theory that the red^eorpuscles turned oxygen 
into ozone).— o-zo'no-scope, a test paper satu¬ 
rated with starch and iodine: used in determining 
the amount of ozone in the air. t®“ZO-nos'co-py. 

— o-zo-sto'mi a, a foul breath. 

o'zone. An allotropic form of oxygen, O3: a disin¬ 
fectant and antiseptic, Hydrogen peroxide. 
fo-zon'ic ether, a name proposed for a solution of 
hydrogen peroxide in ether, with or without alco¬ 
hol. O. paper, ozonoscope, o-zo-ni-za'tion, 
o'zo-nized. 



Ox YUR IS VER- 

MICULARIS.- 

I. Head. 2, 3, 
4. Larvae. 5. 
Adult worm.— 
(Wilson.) 


p 


675 


PACINI’S CORPUSCLES 


P. I. Abbr. for L. punc'tum prox'imum, near* 
point; L. pon'dere, by weight; position; pulse; 
pupil. 2. The chemical symbol for phosphorus. 

p. The chemical abbr. for para^, as /^scresol, para* 

CRESOL. 

P. ae. Abbr. for par'tes cequa'les, equal parts. 

P.c. Abbr. for L. post ct'bum, after food ; L. pon'dus 
civi'le, avoirdupois weight. 

P.d. Abbr. for potential difference. 

P.I.D. A colloquial abbreviation for pelvic inflam¬ 
matory disease. 

P.p. Abbr. for L. punc'tum prox'imum, nearspoint. 

P.p.a. Abbr. for L. phi'ala pri'us agita'ia, the 
bottle having first been shaken. 

P.r. Abbr. for punc'tum remo'tum, far*point. 

P.r.n. Abbr. for L. pro re nata, according as cir¬ 
cumstances may require. 

pab'u-lin. An albuminous substance occurring in 
the blood just after the process of digestion. 

pab'u-lum. Food; aliment' sustenance. [< L. pas- 
cere to feed.] tpab'u-lar, pab'u-lous, as P. hypoth¬ 
esis of immunity. 

pacchionian bodies, corpuscles, glands, or granula¬ 
tions (pac-i-6'ni-an). Small, ovahshaped eminen¬ 
ces under the dura mater, chiefly along the sides 
of the longitudinal sinus of the brain, consisting 
of arachnoidal tissue; granulationes arachnoide- 
ales [Pacchioni]*: not to be mistaken for miliary 
tubercles. P. depressions, foraminae, or fossae, 
depressions on the interior surface of the cranium 
for the pacchionian bodies. [ < Antonio Pacchioni, 
an Italian anatomist, 1665-1726.] 

pa-chae'mia. =Pachy^mia. 

pa-chom'e-ter. =Pachymeter. 

pach-u-lo'sis. = Pachylosis. 

pach'y-. Denoting thickness: a combining form. 
[ < Tvaxi'^ thick.] pach-y-a'cri a, -a'kri a, a morbid 
enlargement of the phalanges, as in .acromegalia. 
— pach-y-ae'mi a, thickening of the blood; a thick 
state of the blood, tpach-y-ae'mic.— pach-y- 
bleph'a-ron, -bleph'a-rum, -bleph-a-ro'sis, a thick¬ 
ening of the eyelid, particularly toward the border, 
from obstruction of the meibomian glands; tylosis 
ciliaris (palpebralis): due to chronic hypertrophic 
blepharitis ciliaris.— pach'y-ce-pha'li a, -ceph'- 
a-ly, abnormal thickness of the skull, fpach’y- 
ce-phal'ic; pach-y-ceph'a-lous.— pach-y-cho'li a, 
undue viscidity of the bile.— pach-y-chy'mi a, 
abnormal thickness of the chyme.— pach-yc-ne'- 
mous, possessing unusually thick legs.— pach'- 
y-dac-tyl'i a, abnormal thickness of the fingers, 
tpach-y-dac'ty-lous. — pach-y-der-mat'o-cele, a 
tumor consisting of thickened and pendulous skin, 
tar Derm ATOLYSis. — pach-y-der-ma-to'sis, rosacea 
with hypertrophy of the skin.— pach-y-der'mi a, 
pach-y-der'ma. i. = Elephantiasis. 2. Abnor¬ 
mal thickness of the skin or a membrane, as in 
cretins; pachymenia. P. laryn'gis, hypertrophic 
thickening of the laryngeal mucous membrane, 
due to chronic laryngitis. P. verruco'sa, any 
thickened warty growth, fpach-y-der'ma-tous ; 
pach-y-der'mic. — pach-y-gas'trous, having a thick 
or large stomach.— pach-y-glos'si a, abnormal 
thickness of the tongue; macroglossia. fp^-ch- 
y-glos'sous.— pach-y-hae'mi a = pachyaemia. — 


pach’y-hy-me'ni a = pachymenia. fpach’y-hy- 
men'ic. — pach*y-lep-to-men-in-gi'tis, combined 
inflammation of the pia and dura mater. — pach- 
y-lo'sis, a chronic affection in which the skin is 
secondarily involved, particularly that of the 
lower extremities, and in which the epidermis is 
produced in abnormal quantity. — pach-y-me'ni a, 
a thickening of the skin or of a membrane; pachy¬ 
dermia. — pach‘y-men-in-gi'tis, inflammation oi 
the dura mater of the brain (Cerebral p.) or of the 
spinal cord (Spinal p.). P. cerebra'lis exter'na, 
pachymeningitis affecting the outer surface of the 
dura, usually secondary to trauma or neighboring 
inflammations and causing suppuration ; perios¬ 
titis interna cranii; endocraniitis; peripachymen¬ 
ingitis. OsTEOPHYTON puerperale. P. ccre- 
bra'lis inter'na suppurati'va, a suppurative and 
hemorrhagic form usually associated with pachy¬ 
meningitis externa and analogous to suppurative 
LEPTOMENINGITIS. P. cerebra'lis inter'na haemor- 
rha'gica, internal pachymeningitis with the for¬ 
mation of delicate layers of connective tissue 
between which and the pia extensive hemorrhage 
occurs; haematoma of the dura mater; meningeal 
blood cyst. P. cervica'lis hypertro'phica, spinal 
pachymeningitis limited to the cervical portion of 
the spine and causing’ paresis of the upper 
extremities. Hemorrhagic p. = P. cerebralis 
INTERNA HEMORRHAGICA. P. spina'lis inter'na 
acu'ta, pachymeningitis usually beginning at the 
pia mater or arachnoid and hence called lepto¬ 
meningitis. P. spina'lis inter'na chro'nica, pachy¬ 
meningitis, sometimes limited to the dura mater 
alone but usually extended to the pia mater and 
arachnoid, fpach'y-men-in-git'ic.— pach-y-me'- 
ninx = DURA mater. — pa-chym'e-ter, an instru¬ 
ment for measuring small thicknesses.— pach'y- 
mose, a heptahydric alcohol from the truffle. [H G. 
’04.] — pa-chyn'sis, any thickening or increase of 
thickness. tp^~chyn'tic.— pach-y-o'ti a, unusual 
thickness of the ears, tp^^cb-y-o'tous.— pach’y- 
pekvi-per-i-to-ni'tis, pelvic peritonitis with thick¬ 
ening of the affected parts. —pach-y-per-i-to-ni'tis, 
peritonitis attended by thickening of the perito¬ 
neum. — pa-chyp'o-dous, pach'y-pous, having ab¬ 
normally thick feet. — pach-yr-rhi'zid, a poisonous 
glucoside from the seed of Pachyrrhi'zus angula'tus, 
a leguminous plant of the Philippines and other 
tropical regions. — pach’y-sal-pin-gi'tis, thicken¬ 
ing of the muscular coat of the oviduct by chronic 
inflammation; chronic parenchymatous salpingitis. 
— pach’y-sal-pin’go-o-va-ri'tis, inflammation of 
the oviduct and ovary combined with thickening 
and hardening of the parts. — pa-chys'mus, pach- 
y-so'mi a, stoutness; grossness ; obesity; abnormal 
thickness of the soft parts of the body, as in acro¬ 
megaly.— pa-chyt'ic, thick; obese ; possessing the 
power to harden body=fluids. — pa-chyt'ri-chous, 
having abnormally thick hair.— pach'y-vag-i-na- 
li'tis, hemorrhagic inflammation and thickening of 
the tunica vaginalis testis, with haematocele.— 
pach*y-vag-i-ni'tis cys'tica, colpohyperplasia. 

Pacini’s (pacinian) corpuscles or bodies (pa-tshi'niz. 
pa-tshfn'i an). Small encapsulated sensory nerves 
endings; Vater’s corpuscles; vaterspacinian cor- 


PACK 


676 


PAIRED 


puscles: found in the palm of the hand and the 
sole of the foot, in the penis, pancreas, lym¬ 
phatic glands, thyroid, parietal peritoneum, etc. 
larHERBST’s corpuscles; tactile corpuscles. 
P.’s fluid or solution, a solution of i part corro¬ 
sive sublimate, 2 parts sodium chloride, 13 parts 
glycerin, and 113 parts water; used for histolog¬ 
ical purposes. P.’s method, a method of arti¬ 
ficial respiration in asphyxiated infants. [< Fi¬ 
lippo Pacini, an Italian anatomist, 1812-1883, 
though first discovered by Vater.] 


A 



Pacini’s Corpuscles from Skin of Child’s Finger.— 
A. Longitudinal section. B. Transverse section, n. 
Nerve entering capsule to reach inner bulb. X 120. 
(Piersol.) 

pack. I. Treatment with a sheet, especially wet 
(wet p.), or other like application, the patient and 
the wet sheet being enveloped in dry blankets, 
as the cold p. in typhoid fever and the hot p. in 
shock. 2. The blanket itself, 
pack'er’s knot. A knotted bandage formerly used 
for making compression over the temporal artery, 
pack'ing. i. A substance, as gauze, sponge, etc., 
used to fill a cavity or wound, as for antiseptic 
or haemostatic purposes. 2. The act of filling a 
cavity or wound with such a substance. 3. 
Treatment with the pack. P. sheet, tm- pack. 
tpack'er, an instrument for introducing packings, 
pack'wax. The ligamentum nuchae; faxwax. 
Pacquelin’s cautery. =Paquelin’s cautery. 
pad. A small bag or sack of soft material: used to 
compress or support parts, or to avoid rubbing, 
as the Vaccination p. P. of the corpus callosum, 
the splenium of the corpus callosum, 
paed-, pae'do-. Denoting relation to a child or a 
boy; ped-\ pedo-: combining forms, pae-dar- 
throc'a-ce. i. Joint tuberculosis in children. 2. 
= Spina VENTOSA. ^Arthrocace. —pae-dat'ro- 
phy, pae-da-tro'phi a, the wasting away of chil¬ 
dren from malnutrition; tabes mesenterica. 
pae'de-ras-ty, pe'de-ras-ty, coitus by the anus, 
tpae'de-rast, one who practises paederasty on an¬ 
other (Active p.) or permits another to prac¬ 
tise it on him (Passive or Paihic p .); pae-de-ras'- 
tic.— paed-i-aph'tha, thrush of infants.— paed-i- 
at'rics, pae'di-at-ry, paed-i-at'ri a, the science of 
the diseases of children. tP®d-l“at'ric. paed-i- 
at'rist.—pae-dic'te-rus=i cterus neonatorum.— 


pae'di on, pae'di um. i. A young child ; a foetus. 
2. Infantile convulsions.— pae-di~op'a-thy = PiB- 
DOPATHY. —pae*do-baro-ma-crom'e-ter, an instru¬ 
ment for ascertaining the size and weight of a 
baby.— paB*do-ba-rom'e-ter, an instrument for 
weighing infants.— pae-do-gen'e-sis, sexual repro¬ 
duction while the parent is in a larval state.— 
pae-dol'o-gy, the science of growth and develop¬ 
ment of children.— pae-dom'e-ter, an instrument 
for measuring infants.— pae'do-no-sol'o-gy, the 
science of the diseases of children.— pae-don'o- 
sus, a disease peculiar to childhood.— pae-dop'a- 
thy, the pathology of children.— pae-doph'ly-sis, 
pemphigus of the new*bom.— pae-doph'thi-sis, 
tabes in children.— pae-do-tro'phium, an orphan 
or foundling hospital.— pae-dot'ro-phy, the rear¬ 
ing of infants and young children; the hygiene 
of early life. tP*-do-troph'ic. pae-dot'ro-phist. 
Paede'ria foe'tida. A climbing cinchonaceous shrub: 

used as an emetic and in rheumatism. 

Paeo'nia officina'lis. Peony, a ranunculaceous plant 
containing a poisonous anti^epileptic principle, 
pae-o'nin. =Corallin. 

page'ism. A variety of masochism in which the 
patient has sensual delight in serving as, or in 
imagining himself, the page of a beautiful lady. 
Pagenstecher’s ointment (pa'gfn-sht^ch-frz). Un- 

GUENTUM HYDRARGYRI OXIDI FLAVI*. 

Page’s disease. = Railway brain. 

Pag'et’s abscess. = Residual abscess. P.’s dis¬ 
ease, a chronic, circumscribed, eczemiform squa- 
moussepithelial dermatosis, usually of the nipple 
and areola, but sometimes located in the axilla or 
upon the gums, showing a marked tendency to end 
malignantly. P.’s disease of bones or osteitis 
= OSTEITIS DEFORMANS. P.’s reeurrent fibroid, 
a spindle=celled sarcoma. [< Sir James Paget, an 
English surgeon, 1814-1899.] 

Pagliari’s styptic (pal'ya-riz). A benzoinated solu¬ 
tion of alum: an effective haemostatic, 
pa-go-plex'i a. i. = Chilblain. 2. Chill. [< 
ndyog frost -I- stroke.] 

-pagos, -pagus. A double monstrosity, as in tho¬ 
racopagus. [< Tzdyoq fastened.] 
pai-dol'o-gy. = Pedology. 

pain. Suffering, either of body or of mind; misery; 
anguish; an ache. In the plural, especially the 
throes of childbirth. Pain is the representation 
in consciousness of a change produced in a nerve* 
centre by a certain mode of excitation. Some of 
the specially named varieties of pain are After*, 
bearingsdown, boring, Brodie’s, Charcot’s, 
dilating, expulsive, false, fulgurant or ful¬ 
gurating, GIRDLE, GROWING, JUMPING, LABOR*, 
LANCINATING, LIGHTNING, NIGGLING, OSTEOCOPIC, 
parenchymatous, PREMONITORY, Shooting (~ 
fulgurant). Starting (= jumping), and tere- 
BRATiNG. Pain=joy, a sort of hysterical enjoy¬ 
ment of pain: seen in certain nervous patients. 
P.ssense, the sense giving rise to the perception 
of pain. P.sspot, a circumscribed area upon the 
skin which alone responds with the sense of pain 
to stimuli. [< L. poe'na punishment. L. do'lor; 
Gr. dXyog.] Jpain'ful, as P. menstruation = dys- 
menorrhcea: and P. point, a point where pres¬ 
sure causes pain, Morton’s disease ; Val- 
LEix’s points, pain'ful-ness. painless, as Es¬ 
march's p. caustic, ^Esmarch’s: and P. tic — 
TIC NONsDouLouREUx. pain'less-ncss. 
pain'ters’ colic. —Lead colic. P.’s paralysis = 

LEAD PALSY. 

paired. Arranged in pairs, as the cranial nerves. 















PAJOT’S METHOD 

Pajot’s method (pa-zh6z). A method of decapitat- 
ing the foetus by passing a cord around its neck 
and cutting through the parts by a sawing motion, 
pakuskidang (pA‘cu-ci-dang'). =Pengawar djambi. 
pa'la. A thin, spadesshaped lamella joining the 
fimbriae within the cerebrum. [L., “ a spade.”] 
tpa-la'ceous, resembling a spade, 
pa-lae-on-tol'o-gy. The science of early or extinct 
forms of life upon the earth. [< TvaAaioq ancient 
-f- ('‘iv being -f Aoyoq science.] 
pa-Iaes'tric. Athletic; having reference to syste¬ 
matic training of the muscles. [< Tra'Aaiarpa 
wrestling place.] 

pal’a-mo-syph-i-lo-lep'sis. A scaly syphilitic affec¬ 
tion of the skin of the palms. 
paPate. The roof of the mouth; palatum*. It con¬ 
sists of the hard palate {palatum durum*), in 
front, formed by the bones adjacent to the gums 
and alveolar arches, and of the soft palate {pala¬ 
tum molle*), behind, the fibromuscular structure 
forming a partial septum between the mouth and 
the nasopharynx. is- Cleft palate. P. bone, 
the irregular bone helping to form the floor and 
outer wall of the nose, the roof of the mouth, and 
the floor of the orbit; os palatinum*. P.shook, 
a hook for drawing up the soft palate in posterior 
rhinoscopy. P.smyograph, a myograph arranged 
so as to record the movements of the palate in 
swallowing or in speaking; palategraph; palato¬ 
graph. Pendulous curtain of the p., is- uvula. 
P. plate, the horizontal portion of the superior 
maxilla helping to form the hard palate. P. proc¬ 
ess, that part of the superior maxillary bone 
which forms the anterior portion of the hard 
palate; processus palatinus*. [< L. pala'tum.] 
tpal'a-tal, as P. = palatine glands; P. 

index, the number obtained by dividing the length 
of the hard palate multiplied by loo by its 
breadth: P. process, a process growing inward 
from the maxillary plate of the embryo, meeting 
its fellow on the median line to foim the palate: 
P. reflex, swallowing due to palatal irritation: P. 
triangle, a triangle bounded by the bipalatal diam¬ 
eter and lines from its ends to the alveolar point: 
and P. vault, the roof of the mouth, fpal-at'i-form. 
paTate-graph. = Palate*myograph. 
paTa-tine. Relating to the palate bone: also ap¬ 
plied to the palate bone itself. P. arches, the 
two arches of mucous membrane enclosing the 
muscles at the sides of the passage from the 
mouth to the pharynx; pillars of the fauces. 
They are distinguished as the glossopalatine arch 
(anterior pillar of fauces), arcus glossopalatinus*, 
and the pharyn go palatine arch (posterior pil¬ 
lar of fauces), arcus pharyngopalatinus*. P. 
artery, a branch of the ascending pharyngeal 
artery to the soft palate and its muscles. P. 
arterv ascending, the first branch of the facial 
artery, distributed to the upper part of the phar¬ 
ynx, palate, and tonsils; A. palatina ascendens*. 
P. artery, descending, a branch of the internal 
maxillary to the soft and hard palates; A. pala¬ 
tina descendens*. P. canal, anterior, a canal 
through the palate process of the superior maxil¬ 
lary bone, descending from the nasal cavity, and 
joining its fellow in the intermediate suture of the 
maxillae; thence it descends to the end in four 
foramina behind the incisor teeth. The two of 
these foramina which lie in the middle line are 
called Foramina of Scarpa, and transmit the naso¬ 
palatine nerves. The lateral pair are called Fora¬ 
mina of Stenson, and transmit the anterior branch 


PALATO- 

of the descending palatine arteries. P. canal, pos¬ 
terior, a canal formed by the articulation of the 
exterior surface of the palate bone with the supe¬ 
rior maxillary bone; canalis pterygopalatinus*. 
It transmits the posterior palatine vessels and the 
anterior or great palatine nerve. P. cells, that 
portion of the ethmoidal cells which is formed by 
union with the palate bone. P. foramen, poste¬ 
rior, the orifice of the posterior palatine canal on 
the palate process of the palate bone; foramen 
palatinum majus*. P. foramina, accessory, orifices 
situated in the tuberosity of the palate bone, 
through which the posterior palatine nerves escape 
after their passage through the corresponding 
canals; foramina palatina minora*. P. fossa, the 
anterior palatine canal. P. glands, small mucous 
glands between the mucous membrane and the 
periosteum of the roof of the mouth; glandules 
palatines*. P. nerves, branches descending from 
the sphenopalatine ganglion to the hard and soft 
palates and the tonsils; nervi palatini*. P. plane, 
a craniometrical plane drawn tangent to the arch 
of the palate along the middle line; Barclay’s 
plane. P. process = palate process. P. ridges, 
the ridges of mucous membrane on the hard pal¬ 
ate. P. sector, the sector between radii from the 
punctum alae vomeris to the posterior nasal spine 
and the premaxillary point. P. spine = nasal 
SPINE, POSTERIOR. P. suture, the suture formed 
by the union of the palate bones and the palate 
processes. P. tonsil, tonsil. P. vault, 
VAULT. P. vein, a mediate or intermediate branch 
of the facial vein which returns the blood from 
the region of the soft palate and the tonsil; vena 
palatina*. [< L. palati'nus, fr. pala'tum palate.] 
pa-lat'i-noids. A proprietary name for gelatin cap¬ 
sules containing dry powders, 
pal’a-ti-ten'sor. = Tensor palati. 
pal-a-ti'tis. Inflammation of the palate. 
pal'a-to-. Relating or pertaining to the palate or 
palate bone; urano-; a combining form. [< L. 
pala'tum, palate.] pal'a-toseth-moi'dal, pertain¬ 
ing to the palate and the ethmoid bone, as P. su¬ 
ture, the junction of the palate and ethmoid bones; 
sutura palatoethmoidalis*. — paha-to-glos'sal, as P. 
fold, the anterior pillar of the fauces.— paba-to- 
glos'sus, a muscle situated in the anterior pillar 
of the palate and connecting, the soft palate and 
the tongue.— pal-a-tog'na-thous, having a cleft 
palate. — pal'at-o-graph = palate*myograph. — 
pal*a-to-max'il-la-ry, relating to the palate and to 
the superior maxillary bone, as P. artery, the supe¬ 
rior palatine artery: P. canal or foramen, a canal 
in the outer surface of the palate bone and the 
adjoining surface of the superior maxilla, trans¬ 
mitting the large palatine nerve and descending 
palatine blood=vessels; posterior palatine canal; 
canalis pterygopalatinus*: P. index, the palato¬ 
maxillary width X loo -hby the palatomaxillary 
length: P. the junction between the palate 

and maxillary bones; sutura palatomaxillaris *.— 
paba-to-my'o-graph = palatesmyograph. — pal*- 
at-o-na'sal, relating to the palate and the nose. 
— paba-to-pha-ryn'geal, as P. fold, the posterior 
pillar of the fauces.— paba-to-pha-ryn'ge us, the 
name of a membranous muscle extending from the 
palate to the pharynx; M. pharyngopalatinus*. 
— pal'a-to-plas-ty, any plastic operation on the 
palate. ts- Uraniscoplasty. — pal’a-to-ple'gi a, 
paralysis of the soft palate.— paba-to-pter'y-goid 
= PTERYGOPALATINE. — pal-a-tor'rha-phy , the op¬ 
eration of uniting by suture a cleft palate; staph- 


677 


PALATUM 


PALMETTO 


678 


ylorrhaphy. — pal*a-to-sal-pin'ge us, the tensor 
palati muscle. —pal-a-tos'chi-sis = cleft palate. 

Uranoschisis. — pal*a-to-staph-y-li'nus, the 
muscle of the uvula.— paPa-tosu-vu-la'ris, the 
azygos uvulae muscle. 

pa-la'tum*. Thereof of the mouth; palate. P. 

du'rum*, hard palate. P. molTe*, soft palate, 
pale. Wan; colorless; pallid. P. spiroche'te = Tre¬ 
ponema pallidum. [< h. pal'ltdus.] tpale'iiess, 
whiteness; absence of color, Pallor. 
pa'le ar. The dewlap of oxen: from its supposed 
resemblance to the wattles of a fowl. Also the 
dewlap=like fold sometimes seen beneath the chin 
of an aged person. [< L. pa'lea wattles.] 
pade-on-tol'o-gy. = Palaeontology. 

Pal'fyn’s suture. A form of interrupted suture for 
partially divided intestine, made by passing a loop 
at the middle of the wound and fixing thread to 
the skin with plaster and approximating the.bowel 
to the external wound. F.] 

PaTi plague. Pneumonic plague. 
pal-i-cou'rine. A crystalline alkaloid obtained from 
Palicou'rea marcgra'vii, a rubiaceous plant of 
Brazil. 

pal-i-la'U a. I. M. ’o8.] 

pal'im-, pal'in-. Denoting recurrence, repetition, 
or change: a combining form. [< iraXiv back, 
again.] pal-im'bo-lous, changeable: said of dis¬ 
eases having very inconstant symptoms. — pal- 
im-pas'di a, second childhood.-r- pal-imp-to'sis, the 
falling back of a displaced organ to its normal 
position.— pal'i-nal, posterior or toward the rear. 
— pa-lin-co-te'sis, breaking out of an old wound; 
relapse.— pal-in'drome, pal-in-dro'mi a, the recur¬ 
rence of a disease or a symptom; relapse, fpal-in- 
drom'ic. — pal-in-gen'e-sis. i. Regeneration or 

renewal of a part. 2. Reproduction character¬ 
ized by reappearance of ancestral characteristics in 
successive generations.— pa-lin'no-sus, a second 
attack of a disease; relapse.— pal-i-no'di a, re¬ 
lapse or recurrence in disease, 
pal-ir-rhce'a. A regurgitation. [< Tra^Ippom.] 
pal-la'di um. A rare, ductile, malleable, and very 
hard metal, found associated with platinum, 
which it resembles in color and lustre: sp. gr., 
about II. 8; at. wt., 105.7; sym., Pd. It is not 
oxidized readily, nor altered by exposure to the 
air, is infusible in an ordinary furnace, and is 
soluble in nitrohydrochloric acid and in hot nitric 
acid, but is insoluble in many other acids. Its 
chloride is recommended in tuberculosis. Dose, 
10 drops of a 3 % solution. P. methylsviolet 
method. [Tf L. j. ’08.] ts- Tellurium. [< PaV- 
las an asteroid.] fpal-lad'ic. pal-lad'i ous. 
pal-laes-the'si a. The feeling in a subcutaneous bone 
when a vibrating tuning=fork is held on it. 
pal-les'cence. Paleness; pallor, 
pal'li-a-tive. i. Relieving, but not radically cura¬ 
tive; assuaging; mitigating. 2. A remedy that 
relieves only certain symptoms of disease but does 
not cure the disease itself, m- Indication. P. 
operation or treatment, an operation or treatment 
directed merely to the relief or mitigation of 
symptoms. [< L. pallia're to cloak.] fpal'li- 
ate. pal-li-a'tion. 

pal'lid. Pale; wan. {K L,. pal'lidus.'] tP^l~hd'i-ty. 
pal'li-dum. = Globus pallidus*. 
pal'lium*. = Brainsmantle. 
pal'lor. Paleness; loss of color. In pathology, ex¬ 
treme deficiency of that healthy color of the tis¬ 
sues which is referable to capillary circulation: it 
indicates anaemia. [< L. palle're to be pale.] 


palm. I. The flat or non^dorsal surface of the hand; 
vola manus [palma]*, distinguished as radial 
{thenar*) and ulnar (hypoihenar*). 2. A palm* 

tree; a tree of the order Palma'cece. P. oil (butter), 
a fixed oil from Elce'is guineen'sis, the palm-tree 
of Western Africa: obtained by expression from 
the fruit. It is more easily saponified than any 
other fixed oil, and is largely employed in the 
manufacture of toilet soap, which retains the 
pleasant violetslike odor of the oil. Palm oil is 
emollient, and has been employed in friction or 
embrocation. P. soap, soap made from palm oil. 
It is used in making various embrocations and 
cosmetic dressings. P.ssugar, a true sugar iden¬ 
tical with canessugar when pure. It is derived 
from a large number of species of palm-tree, 
chiefly South Asiatic. P. wax, a name for several 
waxy substances derived from various species of 
palm. They may, to some extent, take the place 
of true wax in pharmacy. P. wine, the fermented 
juice of certain species of palm. [< L. pal'ma.] 
pal'ma, gen. pal'mce. The palm. P. chris'ti, Ri'- 
cinus commu'nis; castor=oil plant. P. plica'ta 
= ARBOR vitaE uterina. [L., fr. TraAd^r/.] 
pal'mar. Belonging to the palm of the hand. P. 
abscess, an abscess in the palm of the hand. P. 
aponeurosis = P. fascia. P. arch, either of two 
arches formed by the natural distribution of the 
blood=vessels in the palm of the hand: the deep, 
formed.chiefly by the radial artery; arcus volaris 
profundus*, and the superficial, formed principally 
by the ulnar artery; arcus volaris superficialis*. 
P. fascia, a thick membrane in the middle of the 
palm, formed by fibres continued down from the 
tendon of the palmaris; aponeurosis palmaris*. 
It separates into processes to the bases of the 
digits. P. interosseous artery, ts- interosseous 
ARTERY. P. ligament, one of the ligaments on the 
palmar surfaces of the joints of the hand; liga- 
mentum carpi volare*. P. nerves, branches from 
the ulnar nerve accompanying the deep palmar 
arch. P. reflex, contraction of the flexor muscles 
of the fingers evoked by tickling the palm of the 
hand. P. veins, the veins of the palmar arches, 
palma'res interos'sei. The interossei of the hand, 
palma'ris bre'vis. A muscle arising from the annu¬ 
lar ligament of the wrist and the palmar aponeu¬ 
rosis, and inserted into the integuments of the 
palm of the hand; palmaris cutaneus; M. palma¬ 
ris brevis*. P. lon'gus, a muscle arising from the 
inner condyle of the humerus and spread out into 
the palmar aponeurosis, which is finally attached 
to the roots of all the fingers; M. palmaris longus*. 
It is a flexor of the wrist. P. mag'nus, a muscle 
which arises from the internal condyle of the 
humerus and is inserted 
into the second metacar¬ 
pal bone; M . flexor carpi 
radialis*: it bends the 
hand and forearm, 
pal'mate. Radiating, as 
P. folds = PLICAE PAL- 
MATAE*. 

pal'ma-tin. =Palmitin. 
pal'ma-ture. A webbed 
condition of the fingers. 

Palmel'la. A genus of fresh® 

water algas, the spores being formerly believed to 
cause malarial fever. 

pal'mel-lin. A bright=red coloring matter from 
Palmel'la cruen'ta: allied to haemoglobin, 
pal-met'to. ts-S aw palmetto. 




PALMIACOL 


679 


PANARICIUM 


pal-mi'a-col. A proprietary preparation said to be 
derived from guaiacol. 

pal'mic. I. Relating to or marked by twitchings 
or by PALMUS. 2. Relating to the pulse. 3. Re¬ 
lating to the palm. P. acid = palmitic acid. 
pal'mi-grade. = Plantigrade. 
pal'min. = Ricinelaidin. 

pal'mist. One who alleges to tell fortunes by 
the palmar markings, Bertillon’s system; 
finger; mount. fP^il^niis-try. 
pal-mi-tam'ide. A solid compound, CjgH33NO. 
pal-mit'ic acid. A monobasic organic acid, CjgHgjOj, 
found in many animal and vegetable oils, tpal'- 
mi-tate, a salt of palmitic acid, pal-mi-tol'ic 
acid, pal'mi-tone. pahmi-tox-yl'ic acid, 
pal'mi-tin. A solid, crystalline fat, C3H.(OCj5H3j- 
00)3, which melts at 45° C. (113° F.), and exists 
in palm oil, butter, and the medullary sheath; 
palmatin. It is the glyceride of palmitic acid, 
pal'mi-tyl. The radical, CjgHjgO, of palmitic acid, 
pal'mo-. Denoting a throb or leap; relating to pal- 
mus or the palm: a combining form. [< L. paV- 
mus, fr. TcaTifiSq a twitch.] pal-mod'ic, relating to 
or affected with palmus. — pal-mo-plan'tar phe¬ 
nomenon or sign = Filipovitch’s sign. — pal- 
mos'co-py, systematic observation of the heart* 
beat.— pal-mo-spas'mus, a trembling, clonic spasm 
arising out of sharp, jerky contractions. Electric 
p., a pathological form of electrical reaction 
chiefly met with in progressive muscular atrophy. 
— pal-mos'se us, a palmar interosseous muscle, 
pal'mu-la, pal'mule. A small palmate organ, es¬ 
pecially in biology. [L. dim. of pal'ma the palm 
of the hand.] tpal'mu-late. 
pal'mus. Any throbbing; subsultus tendinum; pal¬ 
pitation; latah; myriachit; jumper’s disease, 
palp. A jointed and paired sense=organ of insects 
attached to the labium or maxilla, Antennae. 
pal-pa'tion. Examination by the hand or by touch; 
manipulation of a part with the fingers for the 
purpose of determining the condition of the un¬ 
derlying organs. It is termed bimanual when 
both hands are employed and mediate when a 
phonendoscope, with tubes removed, is placed 
on the chest and the palmar surface of the 
hand upon the instrument to increase the vibra¬ 
tion. P. corpuscles = TACTILE CORPUSCLES. [< 
L. palpa're to handle gently.] tpal'pa-ble, sus¬ 
ceptible of palpation; perceptible to touch, as 
P. kidney, a floating kidney, pal'pate, to exam¬ 
ine by hand, pal-pa-to'ri al, as P. percussion, 
palpation with simultaneous observance of the 
resistance of the parts in question, 
pal'pa-to-. Relating to palpation: a combining 
form. [< L. palpa're to handle gently, to feel.] 
pal-pa-tom'e-ter, the measurement of the extreme 
pressure that can be borne without pain, tpal- 
pa-to-met'ric. pal-pa-tom'e-try.— pal'pa-to-per- 
cus'sion, palpation and percussion combined, 
pal'pe-bra*, pi. -brae. The eyelid. P. infe'rior*, the 
lower eyelid. P. supe'rior, the upper eyelid, 
pal'pe-bral. Belonging to the eyelid. P. arteries, 
small twigs from the ophthalmic artery to the 
eyelids and conjunctiva. P. cartilages = tarsal 
CARTILAGES. P. COnjunctiva, CONJUNCTIVA. 
P. fascia, the fascia which limits the orbit in front, 
springing at its edge from the periorbital mem¬ 
brane and extending to the tarsi; the orbitotarsal 
ligament. P. fissure, the opening between the 
upper and lower lids; rima palpebrarum*. P. fold, 
the fold formed by the reflection of the conjunc¬ 
tiva from the eyelid to the eye. P. gland == Mei¬ 


bomian GLAND. P. ligaments = P. fascia. P. 
muscles, thin sheets of nonstriated muscle in¬ 
serted upon the tarsi. P. nerve, a division of the 
superior maxillary nerve to the integument of the 
lower lid. P. plates or scutes = tarsal carti¬ 
lages. tpal-pe-bra'lis, the levator palpebras 
superioris muscle. pal'pe-brate. i. Supplied 
with eyelids. 2. To wink, pal-pe-bra'tion. i. 
= Nictitation. 2. The act of winking, 
pal'pe-brine. A proprietary antiseptic said to con¬ 
tain boric acid, mercury bichloride, zinc sulphate, 
and glycerin. 

pal-pe-bri'tis. = Blepharitis. [< L. pal'pebra 
eyelid.] 

pal'pe-bro-fron'tal. The frontalis muscle, 
pal-pi-ta'tion. Convulsive motion of a part, espe¬ 
cially the heart, as Cardiac p., increased or abnor¬ 
mal, subjectively felt, activity of the heart; Ner¬ 
vous p., palpitation of the heart due to abnormal 
innervation or organic changes in the heart. [< 
L. palpita're to throb.] 

pal'sy. = Paralysis, with which it is usually used 
interchangeably, though popularly a palsy is con¬ 
sidered as less severe than paralysis, Paresis. 
Usage, however, in certain cases, makes one form 
preferable to the other, as birthspalsy, landry’s 
PARALYSIS ; shaking palsy (= paralysis agitans) . 
Pal'tauf’s serum. A streptococcic serum, 
pal'u-dal, pa-lus'tral. Of or belonging to a marsh: 
a term used in connection with malarial or marsh 
fevers, as P. ancemia, that due to or associated 
with malaria, and P. = malaria. [< L. 
pa'lus marsh.] tp3^1^U"dide, an eruption on the 
skin due to malarial poisoning, pal'u-dism or pal- 
u-dis'mus, malarial poisoning; chronic ill health 
due to marshsmiasma; impaludism. pal'u-dose; 
pal'u-dous; pa-lus'tral; pa-lus'trine. 
pal-u'dein. The mucus of the snail, Paludi'na 
vivip'ara: sometimes used in a pectoral syrup, 
pam-bi-o'ma. The universal or general principle of 
life; panbioma. [< Trag all -f jS'iog life.] 
pam-peTo. A severe south-westerly wind of the 
South American pampas, 
pam-bo-ta'no. = Panbotano. 
pam'pha-gous. Omnivorous, 
pam-pho'bi a. = Panophobia. 

pam-pin'i-form. Having the appearance of a ten¬ 
dril or leaf of a vine: applied in anatomy to the 
PLEXUS PAMPiNiFORMis*. f < L. pam'pinus ten¬ 
der shoot or tendril of a vine.] 
pam-pin'o-cele. = Varicocele. 
pam-ple'gia. Total or complete paralysis. [< rrag 
all-f 7r/l?777 stroke.] 

pan- (pam- before b and p). Denoting the whole 
or all of anything: combining forms. [< Trdg all.] 
pan-a-ce'a. A pretended remedy for every disease; 
a nostrum, or a plant, good for all diseases; a 
catholicon; a “cure-all.” [< Traf allaneladat 
to cure.] 

pan'a-con. ^Panax. 

pa-na'da, pa-na'do. Bread boiled or soaked in water 
to a pulpy consistence. [< L. pa'nis bread.] 
pan-aes-the'sia. General, or common, sensation; 

sum of the sensations experienced. 

Pan-a-ma'bark. =Quillaja*. P. fever, i.Yellow 
fever. 2. Malarial or remittent fever of a severe 
type. P. paralysis = beriberi. 
pan-a-qui'lon. i^Panax. 

pan-a-ri'ci um, pan-a-ri'ti um, pan'a-ris, pan-a'ri- 

um. A whitlow, or felon, of the finger, or of a 
phalanx (more rarely of a toe); in general, any 
phlegmonous inflammation of the fingers. 


PANARIS 


680 


PANCREATICODUODENAL 


Onychia ; paronychia ; phlegmon. P. anal'gicum 
= Morvan’s disease. 0-Quinquaud’s panaris. 
P. cuta'neum (subungua'le) , a whitlow in which 
the inflammation is limited to the nail or its 
matrix. P. gangraeno'sum (sep'ticum), gangre¬ 
nous inflammation often due to septic infection of 
a slight injury. P. periosta'le, suppurative perios¬ 
titis of the terminal Angers joint, usually ending 
in necrosis. P. subcuta'neum, inflammation of the 
cellular tissue of the Angers or hands. P. tendino'- 
sum, spontaneous suppurative inflammation of 
the sheath of a tendon, Tendovaginitis. [L. 
corruptions of paronych'ium.] 
pan'a-ris. =Panaricium. 

pan-ar-thri'tis. i. The inflammation of all the tis¬ 
sues of a joint. 2. Inflammation of all the joints. 

P. u'rica = GouT. 

pan'ase. A digestive preparation of pigs’ pancreas, 
pan-a-si'ti a. Complete abstinence from food. [Gr.] 
Pan'as’s operation, i. Linear proctotomy. 2. The 
fixing, in ptosis, of the upper eyelid to the occip¬ 
itofrontalis muscle. P.’s solution, a mild anti¬ 
septic eyewash, composed of mercuric iodide and 
dilute alcohol. 

pan-at'ro-phy. = Pantatrophia. 

Pa' nax. I. A genus of araliaceous plants, natives 
of Asia and North America. 2. The root of P. 
quinquefo'lium or Ara'lia quinquefo'lia, native of 
the United States ; American ginseng. From it 
are obtained pan'a-con, a white crystalline sub¬ 
stance, and pan-a-qui'lon. P. schin'seng, a plant 
of Chinese Tartary, the root of which is highly 
esteemed by Chinese physicians, who affirm that 
it is able to restore exhausted strength and to make 
old persons young. [< Trdf all -f- aKog remedy.] 
pan-bi-o'ma. =Pambioma. 

pan-blas'tic. Pertaining to, or originating from, all 
the blastodermic layers. 

pan-bo-ta'no bark. The root of Callian'dria hous- 
to'ni, a leguminous tree of Mexico: antiperiodic. 
pan-car-di'tis. Inflammation of the entire heart, 
pan-chon-tee'. A gum, resembling gutta-percha, 
from the tree, Bas'sia ellip'tica, of India, 
pan'chrest. A cure for everything; a panacea. [ < 
TTdf all -f useful.] tP^n~chres'tous. 

Pan'coast’s suture. A variety of plastic suture in 
groove and tongue form. 

pan-col*po-hys-te-rec'to-my. = Panhysterocol- 
PECTOMY. 

pan-crat'ic eyespiece. A microscopical eye-piece 
capable of a variable, magnifying power. [<7rdf 
all + Kpdrog strength.] 

Pancra'tium. A genus of amaryllidaceous plants, 
of which various species, as P. marit'imum and P. 
ve'rum, have reputed medicinal properties, 
pan-cre'a-den. An organotherapeutic proprietary 
preparation from extract of pancreas attenuated 
with calcium carbonate: used in diabetes mellitus. 
Dose, 15 to 25 Gm. (4 to 6 drs.) daily, 
pan'cre-as. A long, flat, racemose gland of a red¬ 
dish color situated in the epigastric region beneath 
the stomach on a level with the first to the third 
lumbar vertebra; abdominal salivary gland: its 
right rounded end, or head {caput pancreatis"^), 
lying next the duodenum, its left pointed end, or 
tail {cauda pancreatis*), in contact with the 
spleen, and the body {corpus pancreatis*) being be¬ 
tween them. The ductus pancreaticus [Wir- 
suNGi]* (duct of Wirsung) traverses the organ a 
little below its centre, receiving in the head of the 
pancreas the ductus pancreaticus accessorius 
[Santorini]* (duct of Santorinius). Wt., 30 to 150 


Gm. (i to 5 ozs. av.); length, 15 Cm. (6 in.); 
width, 4 Cm. (i^ in.); thickness, 1.3 Cm. (^ in.). 
The arteries are derived from the splenic, hepatic, 
and superior mesenteric and its innervation from 
the solar plexus. It secretes the pancreatic 
JUICE and furnishes from the interalveolar cell- 
areas (islands of Langerhans) an internal se¬ 
cretion (activator of Cohnheim) to the body 
which destroys the sugar produced by the liver 
or muscles and inhibits their glycogenic powers. 

Cammidge’s pancreatic reaction. Micro¬ 
scopically in addition to the islands of Langerhans 
are seen tubular alveoli lined with columnar cells 
and the secreting cells, showing a granular zone 
in the protoplasm held together by bands of loose 
connective tissue. Embryologically the pancreas 
develops dorsally in the fourth fetal week as a 
direct outgrowth of the primitive duodenum and 
ventrally somewhat later from two outgrowths 
on each side of the early bile-duct. In the lower 
animals the pancreas is known as the stomach* 
sweetbread, Diabetes ; fat necrosis ; pan¬ 
creatic; PANCREATINUM*; PANCREATITIS', etC. 
Accessory p., one of the small masses of a glandular 
structure similar to the pancreas sometimes found 
near it, as upon the walls of the stomach; pan¬ 
creas accessorium*. Aselli’s p., the head of the 
pancreas when separated from the rest of the 
viscus: sometimes considered as an accessory 
pancreas. Lesser p., a partially detached portion 
lying behind the head of the pancreas. P. glo- 
mer'uli = islands of Langerhans. P. par'vum, 
lesser pancreas. Willis’s or Winslow’s p., the 
lesser pancreas. [< Trdg all -f- Kpiag flesh.] 
pan‘cre-a-tal'gi a, -tad'gy. Pain in the pancreas. 
pan‘cre-a-tec'to-my. Removal of the pancreas, 
pan'cre-a-tem-phrax'is. Enlargement or conges¬ 
tion of the pancreas. 

pamcre-a-thel-co'sis. Ulceration of the pancreas, 
pan-cre-at'ic. Belonging to the pancreas. P. 
area, the middle area of the left kidney attached 
to the pancreas by subperitoneal connective tis¬ 
sue. P. artery. i. An indirect branch of the 
hepatic artery to the pancreas. 2. A branch of 
the splenic artery to the pancreas. P. calculus, 
a concretion in the pancreatic duct. P. casein, 
an intermediate product between caseinogen and 
casein, produced by pancreatic digestion, and 
convertible into casein by rennin. P. diabetes, 
a variety of diabetes dependent on disease of 
the pancreas. P. diastase, amylin. P. digestion, 
that part of the digestive process which is per¬ 
formed by the pancreas. P. duct = ductus pan¬ 
creaticus [WiRsuNGi]*. P. duct, accessory or 
supplementary = DUCTUS pancreaticus acces¬ 
sorius [Santorini]*. P. emulsion, an emulsion 
of cod-liver oil with the pancreatic juice of the 
pig. P. fistula, an opening connecting externally 
with the pancreas. P. juice, the peculiar fluid 
secreted by the pancreas to the daily amount of 
about 200 Gm. which contains amylolytic {&• 
amylopsin), proteolytic (k^ trypsinogen), fat* 
splitting (i^steapsin), and milk-curdling en¬ 
zymes ; succus pancreaticus*. P. plexus, a branch 
of the splenic plexus surrounding the pancreatic 
vessels. P. rennin, a pancreatic enzyme which 
coagulates neutral or alkaline milk. P. sialor- 
rhcea, increased flow of pancreatic secretion. P. 
solution = LIQUOR PANCREATICUS. 
pan-cre-at'i-ca. The pancreatic artery, 
pan-cre-at’i-co-du-o-de'nal. Relating to the pan¬ 
creas and the duodenum. P. arteries, the arteries 


PANCREATICOSPLENIC GLANDS 


681 


PANNECROTOMY 


supplying the pancreas and the duodenum: the 
superior (A. pancreaticoduodenalis superior*) is a 
branch of the gastroduodenal, and the inferior 
{A. pancreaticoduodenalis inferior*) of the superior 
MESENTERIC. P. plexus, branches of the hepatic 
plexus to the pancreaticoduodenal artery. P. 
vein, a branch of the portal vein from the pan¬ 
creas and the duodenum; vena pancreaiicoduo- 
denalis*. 

pan-cre-at*i-co-splen'ic glands or nodes. Four to 
ten lymphatic glands found along the course of 
the splenic artery and vein; lymphoglandulae 
pancreaticolienales* . P. ligament, a fold of peri¬ 
toneum extending from the tail of the pancreas 
to the spleen. 

pan'cre-a-tin. i. =Pancreatinum*. 2. Thepan- 
creatic juice. [< L. pan'creas.] 
pan'cre-a-ti'num*. Pancreatin, a mixture of the 
enzymes naturally existing in the pancreas of 
warmsblooded animals, as the hog or the ox, 
consisting principally of amylopsin, myopsin, 
TRYPSIN, and STEAPSiN, and proved to be capa¬ 
ble, when assayed by the U. S. P. process, of con¬ 
verting not less than 25 times its own weight of 
starch into substances soluble in water. Pancre¬ 
atin is used for its emulsifying properties, for the 
predigestion of food, and as a ferment in dyspep¬ 
sia. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 
pan’cre-a-ti'tis. Inflammation of the pancreas. 

far Fat necrosis. tP^n’cre-a-tit'ic. 
pan'cre-a-tize. To treat with pancreatin. 
pan-cre-at'o-. Relating or pertaining to the pan¬ 
creas: a combining form. [< Trdy/cpeaf pancreas.] 
pan'cre-a-toid. i. Resembling the pancreas. 2. 
A tumor with a structure like that of the pan¬ 
creas.— pan-cre-at-o-ki'nase, a proprietary digest- 
ant, composed of pancreatin and eukinase.— 
pan-cre-at-o-li'pase, a variety of lipase found in 
pancreatic fluid.— pan-cre-at'o-lith, a pancreatic 
calculus.— pan'cre-a-ton'cus, a hard tumor of the 
pancreas. — pan*cre-at-o-path'i a, disease of the 
pancreas. — pan*cre-at-or-rha'gi a, hemorrhage 
from the pancreas. 

pan'cre-a-tot'o-my, pan-cre-at'o-my. Surgical in¬ 
cision of the pancreas, 
pan-cre-ec'to-my. = Pancreatectomy. 
pan*cre-o-bis'muth. A proprietary preparation of 
the active principle of the pancreas combined 
with bismuth. 

pan'cre-o-di-ges'tin. A proprietary digestant: said 
to contain pepsin, pancreatin, ptyalin, lactic and 
hydrochloric acids, etc. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). 

pan'cre-ol. [H L. j. ’06.] 

pan'cre-o-li-thot'o-my. Lithotomy of the pan¬ 
creas. 

pan'cre on, -kre on. A proprietary preparation in 
which the active principles of the pancreas are 
combined with tannic acid, thus rendering the 
preparation indigestible by the gastric juice. 
Dose, 0.5 Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). 
pan-cre-o-pa'thi a, pan-cre-op'a-thy. Any disease 
of the pancreas. 

pan’cre-o-pep'sin. A proprietary digestant. 
pan-cro-biTin. A proprietary preparation of pan¬ 
creatin combined with bile, 
pan-dem'ic. i . A disease which affects the people 
of a country, city, or district generally or is com¬ 
mon to all countries; pandemia. 2. Affecting a 
whole country, city, or district. Endemic; 
epidemic. P. chorea = dancing mania. [< 7ru<; 
all + df/pog people.] 

Pan'der’s bloodsisland. Blood*island. 


pan-dic-u-la'tion. i . The act of yawning or gaping. 
2. More correctly, the act of stretching one's self, 
as when just awakened: sometimes a symp¬ 
tom in fever. [< L. pandicula'ri to stretch, to 
yawn.] 

pan-do'chi um. A hospital for all kinds of cases, 
pan'du-rate, pan-du'ri-form, pan-du'roid head. A 
head whose transverse section is fiddles shaped. 
[< L. pandu'ra fiddle -f for'nta form; eMof form.] 
pan-e-lec'tro-scope. An instrument for the exam¬ 
ination by electrical illumination of various parts 
of the body, as the rectum, trachea, etc. 
pan-es-the'si a. = Pan.«sthesia. 
pang. A sharp throe of pain. Browsp. =Hemi- 
CRANiA, def. I. 

pan-gad'u-ine. A crystalline solid which is said to 
contain the basic principles of codsliver oil. 
pan'gene. One of the vital particles which give a 
cell its individual quality; a biophore. 
pan-gen'e-sis. A darwinian hypothesis according 
to which each cell of the body is represented in 
the ovum by a minute particle which is given off 
and which has been taken up by the reproductive 
organs, so that each part of the organism takes 
part in reproduction. [< Traf all -I- yeveaic genera¬ 
tion.] tpan-ge-net'ic. 

Pan'gium eduTe. A tree of India. It affords a 
powerful poison, used as a narcotic and anthel¬ 
mintic. 

pan-glos'si a. The excessive garrulity found in cer¬ 
tain forms of insanity. 

Pango'nia bru'cei. An African gad*fly: the “ se- 
root ” or “ zimb ” fly. 
pan-hi-dro'sis. = Panidrosis. 
pan-his-to-phy'ton. = Nosema bombycis. 
pan-hy-drom'e-ter. An instrument for the de¬ 
termining of the specific gravity of any kind of 
fluid. 

pan-hy'grous. Damp and moist in general or at 
all parts. [< rrag all -f- vypdg moist.] 
pan'hy-per-ae'mi a. General plethora, 
pan’hys-ter-ec'tomy. Complete hysterectomy. 
pan-hys*ter-o-col-pec'to-my. Complete removal of 
the vagina and uterus with obliteration of the 
cavity made; pancolpohysterectomy: sometimes 
done in prolapsus uteri. 

pan'i-cle. i. The plumeslike expansion of proto¬ 
plasmic processes or dendrons of cortical nerves 
cells. 2. In botany, the irregularly branched ar¬ 
rangement of the pistillate flowers, 
pan-i-dro'sis. General perspiration, 
pan-i-gha'o. = Ground itch. 
pa'nis. A Latin term signifying “bread.” It oc¬ 
curs in the following phrases: pa'nis triti'ceus, 
“ wheaten bread”; mi'ca pa'nis, “crumb of 
bread”; pa'nis tos'tus, “toasted bread,” for 
making toastswater; pa'nis fur fur a'ceus, “bran 
bread”; pa'nis biscoc'tus {i.e., “ twice baked ”), 
“biscuit”; pa'nis nau'ticus, “ seasbiscuit.” 
pa-niv'o-rus. Subsisting on bread. [< L. pa'nis 
bread -t- vora're to devour.] 

Paniz'za’s plexus. One of the two plexuses of the 
deeper lymphatic vessels lying in the lateral fossae 
of the preputial fraenum. 

pan-me-ris'tic. Relating to a structure of proto¬ 
plasm consisting of pangenes. 
pan-mix'i a. Indiscriminate sexual crossing, 
pan-mne'si a. The theory that there is a potential 
remembrance of all impressions, 
pan-ne-crot'o-my. Dissection of all dead bodies as 
a measure preventive of living burial. [< 
all + vsKpdg dead -b ropi/ cutting.] 


PAN NEURITIS 


682 


PAPAVERINE 


pan-neu-ri'tis. General neuritis; multiple neuritis. 

P.endem'ica = BERIBERI. [< 7 rdf all + neuritis.] 
pan-ni-cu-li'tis. A morbid condition characterized 
by stiffness of the abdominal wall and severe 
pain on movements producing a folding of the 
peritoneum. [H Dl. ’o6.] 

pan-nic'u-lus, pan'ni-cule. Originally, a small 
“ cloth,” or “ piece of cloth usually applied to 
a membrane or covering, but sometimes to a dis¬ 
ease of the eye. P. adipo'sus*, a continuous layer 
of adipose tissue immediately beneath the skin, 
especially in the abdominal region ; subcutaneous 
areolar tissue. P. carno'sus, the layer of mus¬ 
cles of the superficial fascia of many animals: rep¬ 
resented in man by the platysma myoides. P. 
cor'dis, the pericardium. P. hymen'ius or vir'- 
ginis = HYMEN, tpan-nic-u-li'tis. [< L. dim. 
of pan'nus cloth.] 

pan'nus, pan'num. i. Literally, a ” cloth ” or “ rag,” 
as P. vesicato'rius, a blistering cloth prepared 
from cantharides. 2. An irregular mark on the 
skin, as P. = melasma. 3. A thick 

membranous and vascular excrescence stretching 
over the cornea. According to its contents this 
growth is called P. lymphat'icus or trachomato'sus. 
When it is very vascular and opaque, it is termed 
P. eras'sus or carno'sus (” thick or coarse web ”); 
when the vessels are few, P. ten'uis (” thin web”); 
and when associated with xerosis, P. sie'eus (” dry 
web”). i^Trachoma. [L. fr. woof.] 

ni-form; pan'nose. pan-nos'i-ty, softness of skin, 
pan-o'dic. =Panthodic. 

pan-op'a-thy, A disease affecting many people, or 
one affecting all the tissues of one person, 
pan-o-pep'tone. A proprietary dietetic, 
pan-o-pho'bi a. Melancholia with an indefinable fear 
of evil impending from anything or everything, 
pan’oph-thal-mi'tis, pan-oph-thal'mi a. General in¬ 
flammation of the various parts of the eye. ts- 
Exophthalmic goitre. 

pan-op'tic stain. A combined stain, as that of 
Senner, which will show basophilic, eosinophilic, 
and neutrophilic changes in the blood by a single 
staining. 

pan-os-te-i'tis. Inflammation of all parts of a bone, 
pan-o-ti'tis. General inflammation of the auditory 
apparatus. [< rraq all -f ov(; ear.] 
pan-phle-bi'tis. A phlebitis of wide extent, 
pan-pho'bia. =Panophobia. 
pan-ple'gi a. General paralysis. ^Hemiplegia; 

paraplegia. [< TTOf all -f- 'K'krjyij stroke.] 

Pansch and Dalton’s fissure. = Parietal fissure, 
def. 2. 

Pansch’s fissure (pansh'iz). ^ Occipital fissure. 
pansement (pahs-mon). The French term for the 
act of dressing a wound, sore, etc. 
pan-sep'tum. The nasal septum, including all its 
tissues. 

pan'si-nu-si'tis. Inflammation involving all the 
sinuses of a region or part. 

pan-sper'mi a, pan-sper'ma-tism. i. The theory 
that the ovules or sporules of countless beings are 
diffused everywhere, ready to be developed when 
all circumstances are favorable. 2. = Biogen¬ 
esis. [< TTOf all, universal -f CTTeppa seed.] 
pan-sphyg'mo-graph. A sphygmograph that records 
all the heart’s movements; a cardiograph, 
pan-spor'o-blast. A transparent spot in a myxo- 
sporidian where sporesformation takes place, 
pan'sy. The flowering herb of Vi'ola tri'color, con¬ 
taining a bitter principle: expectorant and alter¬ 
ative. Dose, 2 Gm. (30grs.). 


pan-sym'me-try. Complete symmetry, 
pan'ta-. Denoting the whole or all of anything; 
PANTO-: a combining form. [< Trdr all.] pan*- 
ta-chro-mat'ic, entirely chromatic. — pan'ta- 
gogue, a medicine which expels, or is intended to 
expel, all evil humors.— pan-ta-mor'phi a, com¬ 
plete deformity, fpan-ta-mor'phic. — pan-tan*- 
chy-lo-bleph'a-ron, -ky-lo-bleph'a-ron, general ad¬ 
hesion of the eyelids to each other and to the 
eyeball.— pan*tan-en-ce-pha'li a, total absence of 
brain in a monstersfoetus.— pan-ta-pho'bi a, ab¬ 
sence of fear.— pan-ta-tro'phi a, complete innu¬ 
trition. tP^ii~tat'ro-phous. 
pan-ther'a-pist. A practitioner willing to derive his 
information from any and every source. fsr 
Eclectic. [< Trof all -I- depaireveiv to heal.] 
pan-thod'ic. Radiating in all directions: said of 
nervous impulses. [< 7 raf all + 666 g way.] 
pan'ting. Quick, labored breathing. P. centre = 
polypnceic centre. 

pan'to-. Denoting the whole or all of anything, 
PANTA-: a combining form. [< 7 raf all.] pan- 
tog'a-my, promiscuous sexual intercourse.— pan*- 
to-gan-gli-i'tis, Asiatic cholera.— pan'to-gen, a 
hypothetic world=substance from which all ele¬ 
ments are supposed to be derived. G. ’04.] — 
pan'to-graph, an apparatus for tracing measure¬ 
ments, as of the chest. [T[ J. A. M. A. j. ’03.] — 
pan-to-mi'cro-tome,i^MicROTOME.—pan-to-mor'- 
phi a, complete or perfect symmetry. i^Panta- 
MORPHiA. — pan-toph'a-gy, the eating of all kinds 
of food indiscriminately, fpan-toph'a-gist. pan- 
toph'a-gous. — pan-to-pho'bi a, a preferable forn 
for PANOPHOBiA. Pantaphobia. — pan-to- 

pleth'o-ra, general plethora.— pan'to-pon, a pro* 
prietary mixture of twenty of the soluble chlo¬ 
rides of the alkaloids of opium in definite strength. 
— pan-to-scop'ic, as P. spectacles, bifocal specta¬ 
cles or lenses, arranged for distant as well as for 
near vision. 

pan-tur'bi-nate. The bone and soft structures of the 
turbinate, considered together, 
pa'nus. Inflammation of a lymph=gland without 
suppuration. Do not confound with pannus. P. 
inguina'lis = BUBO. [L., “ a swelling.”] 
pan-zo-o'ti a, pan-zo-ot'ic. = Epizootic. 
pa-o-fer'ro. The Brazilian ironwood tree, whose 
inner bark is said to have antidiabetic properties. 
pa*o-pe-rei'ra bark. A bark from Geissosper'mum 
vello'sii: used in Brazil as a febrifuge, 
pap. I. Soft boiled food for infants, as milk thick¬ 
ened with arrowroot. 2. The nipple, 
pa'pa-in. An albuminoid ferment from the milky 
juice of the half^ripened fruit of Car'ica papa'ya, 
or the papawstree (melon tree), of tropical 
America and Asia; papayotin. It digests albu¬ 
min and fibrin, is a solvent of the diphtheritic 
membrane, and is said to possess anthelmintic 
properties. Internal dose, for dyspepsia and gas¬ 
tric catarrh, 0.065 to 0.5 Gm. (i to 8 grs.). 
Papa'ver. The poppy, a genus of papaveraceous 
plants, especially P. somnif'erum; from which 
OPIUM is obtained. Many species, mostly natives 
of Europe and temperate Asia, are included in 
the genus. P. rhoe'as, red poppy, a species of 
Europe, containing pa-pa-ver'ic acid, a red col¬ 
oring principle, Rhosas. [L.] tP^-pa-ve- 
ra'ce ous. 

pa-pav'e-rine. A narcotic alkaloid, C21H21NO4, found 
in opium. Dose, 0.005 to 0.02 Gm. (j^2 to ^ gr.). 
When oxidized the alkaloid, pa-pav-er-ai'dine, 
CooHjgNOj, is formed. 


PAPAVEROLEIC ACID 


683 


pa-pave-ro-le'ic acid. =Linoleic acid. 
pa'paw. The Car'ica papa'ya. ^ Papain. [The 
native Malabar name.J 
pa-pa'ya. = Pap aw. 
pa-pa'yans. A proprietary 
preparation of papain. 
pa-pa'yo-tin. = Papain. 
pa'per. =Charta. Spe¬ 
cially named varieties of 
paper are Antirheumat¬ 
ic, Blistering or cantharides 
or epispastic (= charta 
CANTHARIDIS), FiLTERs, 

Guttaspercha, Litmus, 

Medicated, Mustard (= 

CHARTA SINAPIS*), Potas- 
sium nitrate or saltpetre (= 
charta potassii nitratis), Test=>, Turmeric, 
and Wax*. P.slint, paper ground fine, and used 
like lint. 

pa-pes'cent. Producing pap; like pap. 
papiersmache (pa-pi-^sma-she). Paper=pulp or sheets 
of paper pasted together, so treated as to resem¬ 
ble wood or plaster: used in making splints, basins, 
models, etc. [F.] 

pa-pil'la, pi. -l(s. Any very small, nippleslike emi¬ 
nence, as the papillae lingua'les"^, papillae of the 
tongue; a nipple; also synonymous with optic 
DISK. Among the specially named varieties are 
Acoustic (=CoRTi’s organ), Circumvallate, 
Clavate (= fungiform). Conical, Dental, Duo¬ 
denal, Filiform, Foliate, Fungiform, Fusi¬ 
form, Gustatory, Hairs, Lachrymal, Lenticu¬ 
lar, Lingual, Mammary (i®“ nipple). Medullary, 
Optic (= optic disk). Pyramidal (=conical). 
Renal, Semilunar (= crista acustica). Spiral, 
Tactile, Vallate (= circumvallate), and Vas¬ 
cular. [L., a “ pimple” or a “ nipple.”] 
late, pap-il-lif'e-rous, as P. cyst, one containing 
papillae, pa-pil'li-form, as P. muscles = uvscvLi 
FAPiLLARES*: and P. layer, that layer of the skin 
which bears the papillae. 

pap'il-la-ry. i. Belonging to the nipple. 2. Hav¬ 
ing papillae: applied to muscles, tumors, etc. P. 
body, one of the nervous and vascular papillae 
located beneath the epidermis; corpus papillare*. 
P. caruncles, the renal papillae. P. foramina, the 
openings of the uriniferous tubules at the apices 
of the Malpighian pyramids; foramina papillaria*. 
P. hair, a hair at that period when connection 
with its papilla is still maintained. P. layer, the 
superficial layer of the true skin. Skin. P. 
muscles = MUSCULI papillares*. P. process, a 
rounded projection from the spigelian lobe of the 
liver facing the transverse fissure; processus pap¬ 
illaris''''. P. trachoma, trachoma. P. tumor, 
a papilloma. P. wave, the chief ascending wave 
of the sphygmographic tracing; the percussion 
wave. [< L. papilla'ris, fr. papil'la nipple.] 
pap-il-lec'to-my. The removal of the papillary 
portion of the kidney, as in the surgical treatment 
of haematuria. 

pap-il-li'tis, pa-pil-loe-de'ma. Inflammation of the 
optic disk, or papilla optica; neuritis intraocu- 
laris; swollen disk; choked disk. 
pap-il*lo-ad’e-no-cys-to'ma. Papilloma combined 
with adenoma and cystoma, 
pap-il-lo'ma. A benign tumor on the skin, or on 
the surface of the body, resembling a papilla, or 
arising from a morbid transformation of papillae, 
as a WART. There are two principal forms of pap¬ 
illoma: the hard, arising from squamous epithe- 



PAQUELIN’S CAUTERY 


lium, and the soft, growing from columnar epithe¬ 
lium. Acrothymium ; Hoffmann’s p. : intra- 
CANALicuLAR p. P. diffu'sum, numerous small 
tumors usually occurring along the buttocks 
and legs. P. myxomato'des pi'ae ma'tris, papil¬ 
loma with abundant quantities of mucus between 
the individual papillae, Condyloma ; fibroma. 
P. neuropath'icum or neurot'icum — n^vus 
NEUROPATHicus. P. pi'ae ma'tris, a soft globular 
brainstumor due to papillomatous proliferation 
of the pia mater. P. zymot'icum = frambcesia. 
tpap-il-lom'a-tous. papdl-lo-ma-to'sis, that con¬ 
dition of body in which there is a wide-spread 
development of papillomata, 
papdl-lo-ret-i-ni'tis. = Neuroretinitis. 
pa-pil'lule, pa-pil'lu-la. i. A small papilla. 2. A 
vesicle, tubercle, or verruca having a small central 
elevation; the central elevation itself, 
pap'ine. A proprietary preparation of opium, 
pap'oid. A proprietary preparation said to be de¬ 
rived from the Car'ica papa'ya. Papain. 
Pap'penheim’s solution for staining tubercle bacilli 
consists of one part of rosolic acid in 100 parts 
of absolute alcohol, to which methylene blue 
is added to saturation and then 20 parts of 
glycerin. 

pap'pus. I. The downy hair which precedes the 
growth of the beard. 2. = Lanugo*. [L. fr. 
TTamioQ down.] fP^P^POse; pap'pous. 
pap'ri-ca, -ka. The dried and powdered capsules 
of Cap'sicum an'nuum; Spanish pepper, 
pap'ule, pap'u-la. A pimple; a round protuberance, 
occasionally soft and full of an aqueous fluid, 
formed by a little pocket of the epidermis; a small, 
acuminated, inflamed elevation of the skin; a 
wheal, Lichen; nodus; strophulus. Cel- 
sus’s papules = eczema PAPULOSUM. [< h. pap'- 
ula pimple.] P. eruption, one 

consisting of small solid elevations: P. scrofulo- 
derm = lichen scrofulosus: and P. syphilide, a 
syphilitic eruption affecting either the skin or 
mucous membrane, pap-u-la'tion. pap-u-lif'e- 
rous. pap'u-lose; pap'u-lous. 
pap'u-lo-squa'mous. Papular and scaly. P. syph¬ 
ilide, syphilide. 

pa-py'rus. i. An Egyptian plant from which paper 
was made; the 
paper itself. 2. 

= Orbital 

PLATE OF THE 
ETHMOID, 

Eber’s P. [L.] 
tpap-y-ra'ce- 
ous, as P. fcetus, 
a foetus pressed 
out flat by the 
greater growth 
of its twin: P. 

skin = PARCH- 
M E NT SKIN. 

pap-y-rif'e- 
rous. 

Paquelin’s cautery 

(pa-cf-lanz). A 
platinum point 
for cauterizing, 
hollow, and con¬ 
taining plati¬ 
num sponge, 
through which 

the heated vapor of a hydrocarbon is blown. 
^ Moxa. 



Paquelin’s Cautery. — A. Stop¬ 
cock to turn vapor to D in order 
to heat the platinum point B, or 
to drive it there by pressure of 
bulb C. 





























684 


PARACHROMA 


PAQUIN’S SERUM 

Paquin’s serum (pa-cariz). An antituberculous se¬ 
rum from horses. Subcutaneous dose, lo to 150 
drops, daily. 

par. A pair, especially a pair of cranial nerves. 
[L.] P. nervo'rum, a pair of nerves. P. no'num 

= GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE. P. OCta'vUm = 
PNEUMOGASTRIC NERVES. P. pri'mum = OLFAC¬ 
TORY NERVES. P. quar'tum = pathetic nerves. 
P. quin'tum = TRIGEMINAL NERVES. P. secuu'- 
dum = OPTIC NERVES. P. sep'timum = FACIAL 
NERVES*, def. I. P. Sex'tum = ABDUCENT NERVES. 
P. ter'tium, the motor oculi nerves. P. va'gum 

= PNEUMOGASTRIC NERVES. 

Par'a rubber. Pure rubber in the unmanufactured 
state. IS- Elastica*. 

par'a-. A combining form, (i.) Signifying “ from 
or by the side of,” “near,” “beyond,” “against”; 
also “amiss,” “wrong,” or denoting a morbid 
condition, as in PARACUSIS. i^Juxta-; per; ul¬ 
tra-. ( 2.) In chemical terms, when prefixed 
to a derivative of the benzenesRING, denoting 
the substitution of two hydrogen atoms furthest 
removed from each other. i^Meta-; ortho-. 
[< Trapa.] 

-para. A suffix, denoting, when joined to Roman 
numerals, as in nullipara (0*para), primipara 
(Ispara), secundipara (lEpara), etc., the num¬ 
ber of labors a woman has had. [< L. par'ere to 
bring forth.] 

parasac-e-tam'i-do-phen'e-tol. = Acetpheneti- 

DINUM*. 

par-asac-e-tan-i-si'dine. = Methacetin. 
par'asac-e-to-phemol-eth'yl carbonate. A tasteless, 
colorless crystalline powder: used as an hypnotic 
and analgesic. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 
para=ac-et-phe-net'i-din. = Acetphenetidinum*. 
parasam-i-dosac-e-tan'i-lid. = Paraphenylendi- 

AMINE. 

par*asam‘i-do-met’asox*y-ben-zo'ic acid methyl es¬ 
ter. = Orthoform. 

par*a=amd-do-phen'e-tol. A substance used in the 
preparation of pyrantin. 

par'asan-aes-the'si a. Anaesthesia of the lower limbs 
and the lower part of the body, 
par'asan-al-ge'si a. Analgesia of the lower limbs 
and the lower portion of the trunk, 
par’asap-pen-di-ci'tis. A late stage of appendicitis, 
in which the peritoneum covering structures ad¬ 
jacent to the appendix has become infected, 
par-a-ban'ic acid. An acid, C3H2N2O3, derived from 
uric acid by oxidation; oxalylurea. 
par'a-bi-o'sis. I. M. ’08.] 

par'a-blast. i. A sucker or offshoot. 2. Disease 
with anatomical conversion or alteration. 3. 
The nutritive yolk or ovum. 4. The peripheral 
MESOBLAST, as distinguished from the axial 
forming part of the archiblast. [< Tvapd be¬ 
side, from the side of + (ildaTrj offshoot.] tP^^r- 
a-blas'tic. 

para-blas-to'ma. A tumor composed of parablas- 
tic tissue. 

par-a-blep'sis. False vision. 

par-a-bo-la'nus, pi. -la'ni. A physician or especially 
a lay assistant who waits upon those ill with con¬ 
tagious diseases. [< irapd^oTiog reckless.] 
par-a-bol'ic mirror. A curved mirror whose surface 
is that of a paraboloid of revolution: it focusses 
rays more accurately than a spherical mirror, 
pa-rab'o-lus. = Parabolanus. 
par-a-bro-mo-ac-e-tan'i-lid. = Antisepsin. 
par-a-bu'li a. Perversion of the will. [< rcapd be¬ 
side + will.] 


medical practi- 
-1541) ; a 


A 


Paracentesis 

Needles. 


par-a-bux'ine. An alkaloid, Cj^H^gNjO, from Bux'- 
us sempervi'rens. 

par-a-bys'ma. Turgescence of a part. [< 7 rapa( 3 veiv 
to stuff.] fpar-a-bys'ti a, a stuffing or insertion, 
par-ac-an-tho'ma. A neoplasm of the prickle^layer 
of the skin. [< rrapd beside -f aKavOa prickle -+- 
- o M A. ] tp^r* a-can-tho'sis , a perversion in growt h 
of the prickleslayer of the skin, as skin cancer. 
fs- Acai^thosis. 

pa-ra-car'mine. A histologic carmine stain, 
par-a-ca'se in. The name given to coagulated ca¬ 
sein by those who use the term casein for the un- 
coagulated caseinogen. 
par'a-cele. =Paraccele. 

par-a-cel'lu-lose. A variety of cellulose from the 
pith of plants. 

par-a-cel'si an, par-a-cel'sist. 

tioner of the school of Paracelsus (1493- 
spagirist. 

par‘a-cen-te'sis. The operation of tapping any cav¬ 
ity to draw off fluid or gas, as the abdomen {P. 
ahdom'inis), the head (P. cap'- 
itis), the pericardium (P. peri- 
car'dii), the lungs (P. pulmo'- 
nis), the thorax (P. ihora'cis), 
etc. It is now usually per¬ 
formed with an aspirator, ts- 
Puncture ; trocar. P. needle, 
a needle for puncturing the 
cornea, tympanic membrane, 
etc. [< TrapaKEVTTjaig tapping.] 
tpar‘a-cen-te'tic. 
par-a-cen'tral convolution. The 
mesial aspect of the ascending 
parietal and frontal convolu¬ 
tions, bounded in front by the 
paracentral fissure and behind by the praecuneus 
P. fissure = p. SULCUS. P. lobule or gyrus, the 
mesial aspect of the upper part of the ascend¬ 
ing parietal and frontal convolutions; lobulus 
paracentralis*. P. sulcus, a furrow on the median 
surface of the cerebral hemispheres, extending 
upward from the caliosomarginal sulcus, 
par-a-cen'tric. Nearing the centre, 
par-a-ceph'a-lus. A foetus born, usually, with the 
mouth distinct, but with the head and organs of 
special sense imperfect or rudimentary. ^Aceph- 
ALUS. [< irapd beside + KetpaXr/ head.] 
par’a-cer-a-to'sis. = Parakeratosis. 
par-a-chlo'ral-ose. An insoluble variety of chlo- 

RALOSE. 

par'a-chlo-ro-phe'nol. A proprietary crystalline 
antiseptic derived from phenol, 
par'a-chlo-ro-sal'ol. A combination of chlorine and 
salol: used like salol. 

par‘a-chlor-phe'nol. A proprietary crystalline sub¬ 
stitution product of phenol: used as an antiseptic 
and disinfectant. 

para-cho-les'ter-in. A vegetable cholesterin. 
par-a-cho'li a. Any abnormality in the secretion 
of bile, especially that in which the bile pours 
over the blood=vessels and lymphsvessels; diffused 
icterus. It may be toxic or due to nervous affec¬ 
tions. [< Trapa beside -f- T'lA/y bile.] 
par-a-chor'dal. Lying alongside of the notochord. 
P. cartilage, one of two cartilages alongside the 
occipital part of the notochord in the foetus. P. 
plate, the lateral mesoblastic plate on either side 
of the embryonic axis. 

par-a-chrce'a, -chroi'a. Abnormal coloration, es¬ 
pecially of the face. [ < napd aside 4- 4;po«i color.] 
par-a-chro'ma. Any pigmentary skin disease. 










PARACHROMATIR 


PARAsELLAGIC ACID 


685 


par-a-chro'ma-tin. The nucleoplasm composing 
the spindlesfigure in karyokinesis. It is slightly 
stainable, whence its name, 
par-a-chro'ma-tism. Colorsblindness; any perver¬ 
sion of the colorssense. 

par-a-chro‘ma-to-blep'si a. Perverted color»sense. 
par‘a-chro-ma-to'sis. = Parachroma. 
par-a-chro'mo-phore. A bacterium which secretes 
coloring matter, but retains it in the organ¬ 
ism. tP^r’3^“Chro-mo-phor'ic; par-a-chro-moph'- 
o-rous. 

par-a-chro'sis. A faded condition; decoloration. 

tpar-ach'ro-bus. 

par*a-chy'mo-sin. The rennin of the human stom¬ 
ach and of that of the pig: more resistant to 
acids and less so to alkalies than that of many 
other animals. 

par‘a-chy-mo'sis. Perversion or disorder of any se¬ 
cretory function. [< Trapn beside -f juice.] 

par’a-ci-ne'ma. Dislocation. [< napd beside -f 
Kivelv to move.] 

par*a-ci-ne'sis. i. A perversion of movement; a 
disease characterized by motor perversions. 2. 
Any displacement, especially irregular action of 
an individual muscle of the eye. [< rrapn beside 
-^-Kivpaig motion.] tpat-a-ci-net'ic. 
par-ac'lo-nus. = Paramyoclonus. 
par-ac-ma'sis, par-ac'me. Decay or decline; remis¬ 
sion. [< napd beyond -f aKpp point.] fP^r-ac- 
mas'tic. 

par-ac-ne'mis, parac-ne-mid'i on. The fibula. [< 
Trapd beside -t- Kvijp.71 shin.] 
par'a-coele. A lateral ventricle of the brain, 
par-a-col'ic recesses. =Recessus paracolici*. 
par'a-co-li'tis. Inflammation of the outer coat of 
the colon. 

par-a-co'lon bacillus, ts- Bacillus. 
par-a-col'pi um. The tissues collectively which sur¬ 
round the vagina, including its outer coat. tP®^^*- 
a-col-pi'tis = PERIVAGINITIS, 
par-a-con'dy-loid, -dy-lar. Situated near a condyle. 
P. process, an occasional process extending from 
the condyles of the occipital bone outward and 
downward to articulate with the transverse proc¬ 
ess of the atlas. 

par-a-con'ic acid. A crystalline substance, CjHgO^, 
derived from maleic acid. 
par'a-co-ni'ine. Artificial coniine, 
par-ac'o-pe. Delirium or frenzy. {TrapaKOtzi].] tp®r- 
a-cop'ic. 

par-a-co'to bark. A medicinal bark from South 
America, much resembling coxo bark in its prop¬ 
erties, but milder and safer. From it is obtained 
par*a-co-to'in, a crystalline principle which upon 
boiling with potassium hydrate is turned into 
an amorphous compound, par'a-co-to-in'ic acid: 
used in night*sweats and in diarrhoeas. Dose, to 
begin with, 0.032 to 0.065 (i i gr.). 

par-a-cou'si a, -cou'sis. = Paracusis. 
par*a-cre-o-so'tic acid. An antipyretic and anti¬ 
rheumatic, CgH^O,. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 
par-a-cres'a-lol. i^Cresalol. 
par-a-cre'sol. ts- Cresol*. 

par*a-cre-sot'ic acid. A white or reddish crystalline 
powder, CgHgOg, derived from paracresol: used as 
an antipyretic. Maximum dose, 4 Gm. (60 gr.). 
tpar-a-cre'so-tate. 

par-a-cri'sis. Any disorder of the function of .secre¬ 
tion. [< Trapd beside -f- Kpiveiv to secrete.] 
par-a-cru'sis. r. Insanity or delirium. 2. The dis¬ 
appearance or striking in of an eruption. [ < napd- 
Kpovaic madness.] tp®r-a-crus'tic. 


par-a-cu'sis, -cu'si a. Depraved or defective hear¬ 
ing. P. a'cris, abnormal acuteness of hearing, 
often painful. P. duplica'ta = diplacusis. P. 
imagina'ria, the hearing of imaginary sounds, not 
existing outside the ear, but excited within it. 
P. imperfec'ta, deafness or inability to hear sounds 
as usual. P. lo'ci, inability to locate the source 
of a sound. P. willisia'na, the paracusis of Willis, 
a state or condition in which the hearing is best 
during the continuance of a loud noise, as in a 
workshop or on a railway train. 
par*a-cy-an'o-gen. A brownishsblack, amorphous 
substance formed by heating argentic or mercuric 
cyanide 

par'a-cy-cle'sis. A circulatory disturbance, 
par'a-cy-e'sis. Preternatural or morbid pregnancy, 
para-cy-nan'che. i. = Quinsy. 2. Inflammation 
of a parotid gland or of the muscles of the throat, 
par-a-cys'ti um, par-a-cys'tis. The tissues lying 
about the bladder. tp®r-a-cys'tic. par'a-cys-ti'tis. 
par-a-cyt'ic. Denoting celbelements formed at 
times in the blood or other parts of the organism 
but not normal to it. [ < zrapd amiss -f Kvrog cell.] 
parad-e-ni'tis. Inflammation of the tissues which 
surround a gland. [< rrapd about-|-afb;p gland.] 
par'a-derm. That part of the vitelline portion of 
the ovum from which the cells, entering the body 
of the embryo, are formed. [< Trapd beside -1- 
depjua skin. 

par*a-di-chlor-o-ben'zol. Colorless crystals, C5H4CI2, 
obtained from the action of chlorine upon benzene, 
par-a-did'y-mis*. A body found on the spermatic 
cord above the epididymis; organ of Girald6s; 
parepididymis; massa innominata: composed of 
closed tubes, and representing the rudimentary 
posterior part of the urinosexual portion of the 
Wolffian body. [Trapd beside epididymis*.] 
tpar-a-did'y-mal. 

par’a-di-ox-y-ben'zol, par’a-di-phe'nol. =Hydro- 

CHINONE. 

pafa-diph-the-rit'ic, -ri al. Indirectly related to 
diphtheria. 

par'a-don-ti'tis. Inflammation of the tissues around 
a tooth. [< Trapd beside -f bdov^ tooth.] 
par-a-dox'i a. Something out of the normal course, 
as P. sexua'lis, sexual precocity. [ Trapado^ia 
marvellousness.] fpar-a-dox'ic, par-a-dox'i-cal, 
of the nature of paradoxia, as P. contraction, 
tonic contraction of a muscle when its two ends 
are approximated by passive motion: P. deafness 
= PARACUSIS willisiana: P. embolism, -eu- 
bolism: P. flexor reflex, extension of the great 
toe or of all the toes upon deep pressure upon 
the middle or lower portion of the calf muscles; 
found in cases where there is an exaggerated 
kneesjerk, Babinski’s phenomenon: P. mur¬ 
mur, a systolic murmur extended to such length 
that it appears to be followed by a diastolic mur¬ 
mur: P. patellar reflex, contraction of the adduc¬ 
tors of the thigh excited by percussion of the lig- 
amentum patellae of a recumbent person: P 
pulse, a pulse which ceases on inspiration and 
reappears on expiration, the action of the heart 
continuing throughout: P. pupillary reflex, tsr 
PUPILLARY reflex: P. r^aC<TOH = ANAPHYLAXIS ; 
and P. temperature, tsTHYSTERiCAh temperature. 
par‘a-dys'en-te-ry bacillus. A variety of bacillus 
closely resembling but not identical with Bacil- 
US SHIGAi. 

par-asec'cri-sis. Disorder of excretion or secretion. 

[< Trapd beside -f- SKKpiaii excretion.] 
paraseMag'ic acid. =Rufigallic acid. 


PARiESTHESIA 


686 


PARAKANTHOSIS 


par-ses-the'si a, par-aes-the'sis. Morbid or depraved 
sensation: a peculiar, subjective, spontaneous, 
abnormal sensation, such as formication, ting¬ 
ling, itching, numbness, etc. Anesthesia ; 
hyperesthesia; Berger’s p.; visceral p. P. 
meral'gia or Bernhardt’s p. = meralgia pares¬ 
thetica. P. olfactor'ia, subjective cacosmia. 
[< napd amiss, wrong + sensation.] tP^r- 

aes-thet'ic. 

par'af-fin, par'af-fine. i. A white, waxy, crystal¬ 
line substance, without taste or smell, obtained 
from petroleum, wood=tar, and other materials; 
paraffinum*. It is solid at the common temper¬ 
atures, is soluble in alcohol, chloroform, benzol, 
and ether, but resists the action of acids, alkalies, 
etc. It is a mixture of solid hydrocarbons, chiefly 
of the methane series. It receives its name from 
its slight affinity for other substances, and was 
discovered by Reichenbach in 1830. Bacteria do 
not grow in it. It is' used for making candles, 
and for various other purposes for which wax is 
employed; especially, however, as a substance for 
interstitial embedding in sectionscutting. Hard 
p. = PETROLATUM spissuM. P. injection, Ger- 
SUNY’s METHOD. P. jeUy, vaseline. Liquid p. == 
PETROLATUM LiQUiDUM. P. oil, a liquid form of 
paraffin, Petrolatum liquidum*. P. oint¬ 
ment, an ointment, prepared by mixing hard par¬ 
affin, I part, with paraffin oil, 4 parts. P. paper, 
paper saturated with melted paraffin. P. pro th¬ 
esis, GeRSUNY’s method. Soft p. = PETRO¬ 
LATUM MOLLE. P. wax, hard paraffin. 2. Any 
one of the fatty series of saturated hydrocarbons. 
[ < L. pa'rum little + affi'nis related or inclined 
to unite.] 

par-af-fi-nage. The injection of paraffin under the 
mucosa of the turbinates to stop secretion as in 
ozaena and hay fever, 
par-af-fi-no'ma. [^I.M.'oS.] 
par-af-fi'num*. The U. S. P. name for paraffin. 

Petrolatum*. 

par-a-fi'brin. A modified form of fibrin, 
par'a-fi-brin'o-gen. A compound similar to fibrin 
obtained by precipitating fibrinogen with salt re¬ 
peatedly. 

par-a-fo'cal oculars. A combination of oculars of 
different powers which may be interchanged with¬ 
out putting the object out of focus, 
par'a-form, par'a-for-mal'de-hyde. A white crys¬ 
talline polymer, (CHgOjjj, of formaldehyde, which 
yields formaldehyde on heating; trioxomethy- 
lene. Dose for dysentery in children, 0.06 Gm. 
(i gr.) every 2 hours. 

par‘a-gam'ma-cism. Imperfect pronunciation of 
the guttural sounds. It differs from gammacism, 
in which the letters are pronounced indistinctly, 
by the substitution of other letters in their place, 
as t for k or d for g. [< Trapd beside + ydppa the 
letter g.] 

par-a-gan'glin. A yellowish proprietary extract 
from the medullary substance of the suprarenal, 
par-a-geu'sis, par-a-geu'si a. Morbid or depraved 
taste; perversion of the sense of taste: found in 
certain forms of neurosis, hysteria, and insanity. 
^Ageustia; hypergeusia. [< rrapd amiss -f 
yevetv to taste.] 
par-ag'lin. = Parillin. 
par-a-glo'bin. = Paraglobulin. 
pafa-glob-u-la-re'tin. A substance, C,2Hjg04, formed 
by treating globularin with dilute acids, 
par-a-glob'u-lin. A proteid found in blood*serum 
to the extent of about 3% and in other bodily 


tissues, such as lymph and chyle; fibroplastin* 
fibrinoplastin; serumsglobulin. [ < rrapd beside -h 
GLOBULiN.] tpar-a-glob’u-lin-u'ri a. 

par-a-glos'sa. i. Swelling of the tongue. 2. Con¬ 
genital prolapse of the tongue. 

par-a-glos'si a. Inflammation of the tissues under 
the tongue. 

par-ag-na'thus. A monster with a supernumerary 
jaw. 

par*a-gom-pho'sis. Pelvic impaction of the head 
of the foetus in labor. [ < rrapd beside + yopcpovv 
to fasten.] 

par*a-go-ni-ini'a-sis. A disease of the lungs due to 
infection with the fluke, Dis'toma (Paragon'imus) 
pulmo'num or westerman'i. 



Paragonimus Westermani.— Adult worm ( X6 ) and 

egg ( X350 ). 


Paragor'dius va'rius. A horsehair worm which is 
sometimes an accidental parasite of man. 
par-a-graph'i a. The writing of one word when an¬ 
other is meant. When habitual, it becomes an 
aphasic symptom, Agraphia. [< rrapd be¬ 
side -f ypd(p£iv to write.] 

Par'a-guay tea. The product of the I'lex paraguay- 
en'sis, a plant growing in South America; mate. 
The leaves are said to contain a principle identi¬ 
cal with caffeine. 

par*a-haem-o-glo'bin. i. A proprietary preparation 
of blood, containing 5% of iron. 2. A colorless 
isomer of oxyhaemoglobin, produced by the ac¬ 
tion of alcohol. 

pa-ra-he-pat'ic. Situated beside the liver, 
par'a-hi-dro'sis. = Paridrosis. 
par-a-hy'dro-pin. A proprietary diuretic contain¬ 
ing theobromine. 

par-a-hyp-no'sis. A perverted or abnormal sleep. 
par-a=in-fec'tious. Relating to infectious condi¬ 
tions, occurring accessory to some already existing 
disease, as par-asin-flu-en'zal. tP^r-asin-fec'tion. 
parasi'o-dan'i-sol. = Isoform. 
par'asi-o'ta-cism. Substitution of some other sound 
for that of the letter j. [< rrapd beside d- Icjra 
the letter i or j.] 

parak-an-tho'sis. = Paracanthosis. 







PARAKERATOSIS 


687 


PARALYSIS 


pafa-ker-a-to'sis. A perverted or abnormal state of 
the homy element of the skin; especially, a horny 
outgrowth upon the skin. P. scutula'ris, a dis¬ 
ease of the scalp in which thick oily crusts are 
formed around bundles of hair and sent up along 
the individual hair^shafts. P. variega'ta, a skin= 
disease marked by an irregular red scaly eruption; 
lichen variegatus. 

para-ki-ne'sis, -ki-ne'sia. = Paracinesis. 
par-a-kre'sol. Cresol*. 

par-a-lac'tic acid. A form of lactic acid found in 
various animal juices; d^lactic acid; sarcolactic 
acid, tpar-a-lac'tate. 

par-a-la'li a. Substitution of one letter for another, 
or the inability to pronounce a letter correctly. 

Alalia; lambdacism ; rhotacism; paragam- 
MACisM.* [< TTapd beside + XaTieiv to chatter.] 
par-a-lamb'da-cism. Substitution of some other 
sound for that of the letter /. [ < Tvapd beside -1- 

Tidp^da Gr. for the letter /.] 
par-al-bu'min. A form of albumin found in various 
effused liquids and regularly in the liquid of ova¬ 
rian cysts; metalbumin; pseudomucin; made 
opaque, but not precipitated, by acetic acid, 
pa-ral'de-hyde. = Paraldehydum*. 
pa-ral-de-hy'dum*. Paraldehyde, CgHj^Og, the U. S. 
P. name for a polymer_of acetaldehyde. It is used 
as an anodyne, hypnotie and an antidote to mor¬ 
phine: a habit may be irormed by its excessive 
use. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.), 
par-a-le-re'ma, par-a-le-re'sis. Trifling delirium, 
par-a-lex'i a. Difficulty in reading, or wordsblind- 
ness; misapprehension of the meaning of a word, 
owing to a morbid mental state or cerebral lesion. 

Alexia. [< irapd beside *-|- word.] 
par-al-ge'si a, pa-ral'gi a. i. The abolition of pain; 
anaesthesia. 2. An abnormal sensation of pain, 
as itching, burning, etc. 
par-a-li'nin. = Nucleoplasm, def. i. 
par-al-lag''ma. Displacement of a bone or the overs 
riding of the ends of a fractured bone. [< Gr.] 
par'al-lax. Apparent change in the position of an 
object, caused by change in the position of the 
observer or by viewing the object with each eye 
alternately; parallaxis. It is termed Heterony¬ 
mous or Crossed when one eye is closed or covered 
and the thing observed seems to move away from 
the open eye; Homonymous, when the object 
seems to move toward the eye; and Vertical vfh.en 
the object appears to move up and down. [< 
TTapd beside -f d 7 JidGaeiv to change.] fP^r-al- 
lac'tic. 

par-al-lax'is. i. = Parallax. 2. Mental aberra¬ 
tion. [< 7 TapdX?.a^ig alternation.] 
par'al-lel fissure. = Supertemporal fissure. P. 
plane, any plane intersecting the pelvic axis at 
right angles. There are four parallel planes, one 
corresponding to the superior strait, one extend¬ 
ing from the middle of the sacrum to the level of 
the subpubic ligament, one passing through the 
spines of the ischia, and one corresponding to the 
inferior strait. 

par-al-lel'a. An eruption arranged in parallel lines 
on the palms of the hands, 
par'al-lel-ism. =Isopathy. fpar-al-lel'ic. 
par-a-lo'gi a. Illogical thought or reasoning. The¬ 
matic p., a mental perversion in which undue 
stress is laid upon the importance of one subject, 
as in the “ man with a hobby.” [< Trapd beside 
4- Myog reasoning.] fpa-ral'o-gism, pa-ral'o-gy, 
the use of meaningless language, as by the insane, 
pa-ral'y-sin. = Agglutinin. 


pa-ral'y-sis. A disease characterized by loss or great 
diminution of the power of voluntary motion, or 
of sensation, affecting any part of the body; palsy. 

Diplegia; hemiplegia; monoplegia; para¬ 
plegia; paresis. Paralysis is distinguished, ac¬ 
cording to cause, as Alcoholic, Syphilitic, Toxic, 
etc., or according to the muscle or nerve affected 
as Obturator, Oculomotor, Radial, Ulnar, etc. 
Specially named varieties of p. (occasionally cov- 
ered by the words atrophy, paraplegia, and spasm), 
other than those below, are Acute ascending (=5 
Landry’s disease), Acute atrophic (= acute ante- 
rior poliomyelitis) , Anesthesia, Apoplectic, Ar¬ 
senical, Ascending, Association (= bulbar). 
Asthenic bulbar (t^ myasthenia gravis pseudo- 
paralytica). Atrophic or Atrophic spinal (= 
acute anterior poliomyelitis). Bell’s (= facial). 
Birth, Brachial, Brachiofacial, Brown^Se- 
quard’s. Bulbar, Central, Centrocapsular, 
Centrocortical, Cerebral, Chlorotic, Collat¬ 
eral, Complete, Cortical, Creeping, Crossed {= 
alternate hemiplegia). Crural, Crutch, CruveiT 
hier’s (= progressive muscular atrophy). De¬ 
cubitus, Dental, Diphtheritic, Divers' (= cais¬ 
son disease). Drunkards’ arm*, Duchenne’s, 
Emotional, Erb’s, Erb’s syphilitic spinal (= 
P. SPINALIS syphilitica). Essential (= acute 
anterior poliomyelitis). Exhaustion, Facial, 
Fereol*Graux’s, Galloping, Glossolabial orGlos- 
solabiolaryngeal or Glossolaryngeal (= bulbar), 
Gubler’s {—alternate hemiplegia). Hammer {m- 
Hammer=cramp), Hysterical, Incomplete, In- 
DiAN=BOW, Infantile {—acute anterior poliomye¬ 
litis), Infantile spastic. Inferior nuclear (= bul¬ 
bar), Intermittent, Intrapeduncular, Is¬ 
chemic, Klumpke’s, Kussmaul’s, Labial,L aWo- 
glossal or Labioglossolaryngeal or Labioglossopha¬ 
ryngeal (=bulbar), Landry’s, Laryngeal, Lead, 
Lenticular, Lingual (= glossoplegia), Little's, 
Local, Masticatory, Mimetic (= facial,) Mo¬ 
tor. Multiple, Musculospiral, Myopathic, 
Neural, Nuclear, Obstetric (= birth*palsy). 
Occupation, Ocular, Organic, Painter’s {— 
LEADj, Periodic, Peripheral, Phonetic, Phos¬ 
phoric, (= diphtheritic). Post- 

febrile, Pott’s, Pressure*, Pseudobulbar, 
PsEUDOHYPERTROPHIC, PUERPERAL, ReFLEX, Sat- 
urday^night (= Sunday*morning), Segmental, 
Sensory, Shaking (= P. agitans). Sleep*, Spas¬ 
tic, Spinal, Spinomuscular, Spinoneural, Sun- 
DAY*MORNiNG, Superior nuclear (= ophthalmo¬ 
plegia), Supranuclear, Telegraphers’, Tem¬ 
porary, Toxemic, Toxic, Transverse {= alternate 
hemiplegia). Vasomotor, Volkmann’s (= ische¬ 
mic), Wasting (= progressive muscular atro¬ 
phy). Writers’, and Zenker’s. P. of accommo¬ 
dation, paralysis of the ciliary muscle. P. agitans, 
a disease of advanced life, progressive in its course, 
and characterized mainly by tremors of the limbs, 
rigidity of muscles, and a tendency in walking 
to loss of equilibrium; shaking palsy; Parkinson’s 
disease. The internal use of the parathyroid 
glands is said to give good results. P. genera'lis 
progressi'va vesanor'um = P. of the insane. P. 
glossopharyngolaryngolabia'lis = bulbar paral¬ 
ysis. P. hemiple'gica, paralysis of one half of 
the body, Hemiplegia. P. infan'tum cere- 
bra'lis, paralysis of the extremities and body, in¬ 
coordination of movement, spasmus, etc., due to 
hemorrhage of the cerebral membranes at birth; 
infantile cerebral paralysis; infantile meningeal 
hemorrhage. P. infan'tum cerebra'lis acu'ta = 


PARALYTIC 


688 


PARAMYOCLONUS 


SPASTIC HEMIPLEGIA. P. of the insane, a form of 
paralysis combined with insanity, supposed to 
increase as the mental powers diminish. Gen¬ 
eral PARALYSIS. P. intermit'tens, a rare form of 
paralysis of the lower extremities, sometimes oc¬ 
curring in epilepsy but more often due to embolism 
of the aorta and iliac vein. P. of the iris = irido- 
PLEGiA. P. muscula'ris pseudohypertro'phica = 
Duchenne’s PARALYSIS P. ner'vi facia'lis = 
FACIAL PARALYSIS. P. paraple'gica, paralysis of 
one half (usually the lower part) of the body. 

Paraplegia. P. partia'lis, paralysis of some 
particular nerve or muscle; partial paralysis. P. 
satumi'na = LEAD paralysis. P. spina'lis acu'ta 
ascen'dens = Landry’s paralysis. P. spinalis 
spas'tica = spinal paralysis. P. spinalis syphi¬ 
litica, spastic paralysis of the lower extremities 
with increased tendon reflexes, slight muscular 
tension, disturbances of the bladder, etc., usually 
occurring soon after syphilitic infection; Erb’s 
syphilitic spinal p. P. va'cillans = chorea. P. 
venena'ta, paralysis from the effects of some 
poison. [< 'irnpa?J'eiv to loosen, also to disable.] 
par-a-lytlc. i. Belonging to paralysis, or affected 
with paralysis. 2. A person affected with paral¬ 
ysis. P. chorea, a local choreic spasm connected 
with some paralysis of the limbs. P. dementia, 
general paralysis. P. hydrophobia or rabies, a 
form of rabies in which paralytic symptoms are 
most prominent, or an ascending spinal paralysis, 
probably of rabietic origin. P. incontinence, 
incontinence. P. mysis, or myosis, mysis due 
to paralysis of the dilator fibres of the iris. P. 
mydriasis, mydriasis. P. secretion, saliva 
secreted by a submaxillary gland whose nerves 
have been divided. P. squint, or strabismus, 
strabismus. P. stroke, a sudden attack of 
encephalospinal paralysis. P. valgus, valgus due 
to paralysis of the tibialis anticus muscle, 
par'a-ly-zant. i. Causing paralysis. 2. A drug 
that causes paralysis. 

par'a-lyze. To strike with paralysis. fP^^'a-lyzed. 

par'a-ly-zing, as P. vertigo— Gerlier’s disease. 
par'a-ly-zer. An anti^cATALYZER. [^f Gt. ’09 ] 
par'am. A white, crystalline substance, CHjN^, 
isomeric with cyanamide, formed by the action 
of carbon monoxide on sodamide ; dicyandiamide. 
Par-a-mae'ci um. = Paramecium. 
par-a-mag'ne-tism. Magnetism which causes the 
substance possessing it to assume a northsand* 
south position when placed in a magnetic field, 
tpar-a-mag-net'ic. Diamagnetism. 
para-ma-le'ic acid. =Fumaric acid. 
par-a-ma'lic acid. A crystalline substance, C^HgOg, 
formed by the dehydration of glycollic acid; 
diglycollic acid. 

par-a-mas'ti-gote. Having an accessory flagellum. 

’09.] 

par'a-mas-ti'tis. Inflammation of the connective 
tissues near the mammary gland, Mastitis. 
par-a-mas'toid. Situated near the mastoid process. 
Par-a-me'cium. i. A longitudinal fold or fissure; 
a longitudinal or nearly longitudinal fracture. 2. 
A genus of Infusoria, as P. co'li = Balantidi¬ 
um COLI. [< TTapn a\ong + jui/Kog length.] 
par-a-me'di an sulcus. A sulcus near the median 
fissure of the spinal cord. A posterior p. sulcus 
exists in the cervical region, and sometimes an 
anterior one is found. [< Trapd along + Median.] 
par-a-me'ni a. Disordered menstruation. 
par*a-men-i-sper'mine. A crystalline alkaloid from 
Coc'culus in'dicus. 


paria-mere. The right or left half of any symmet¬ 
rical somite or segment (as of a vertebra). [< 
Trapd alongside -f pepog part.] 

Parame'ria vulnera'ria. A tree of the Malay regions, 
from whose bark is obtained a vulnerary balsam 
called tagulaway. 

par-a-me'si al. Situated near the median line. 
para-me-thox*y-ben-zal'de-hyde. = Anisic alde¬ 
hyde. 

par’a-me-thox’y-pro-pen'yl-ben'zene. Solid ane- 
THOL. 

para-me-thyl-pro-pyl-ben'zene. = Cymene. 
par-a-me'tric. Situated near the womb. P. ab¬ 
scess, an abscess formed in the cellular tissue 
surrounding the uterus, especially in the folds of 
the broad ligament. P. haematocele, pelvic 
H.EMATOCELE. [< TTapd besidc + fJLTjTpa womb.] 
par-a-met'rism, -me-tris'mus. Painful spasm of 
the smooth musclesfibres of the broad ligament 
of the uterus. 

par’a-me-tri'tis. Inflammation of the connective 
tissues in the immediate vicinity of the uterus; 
pelvic cellulitis. P. chro'nica atro'phicans, para¬ 
metritis with inflammatory hypertrophy progress¬ 
ing to cicatricial contraction. P. chro'nica poste'- 
rior, an isolated inflammatory process in the 
plicae rectosuterinae and vesico*uterinae muscles 
causing pathological anteflexion and, if one» • 
sided, torsion of the uterus. P. exsudati'va ante'- 
rior,an inflammatory process causing contraction 
and retroflexion of the uterus. P. puerpora'lis, 
parametritis due to the absorption of septic ma¬ 
terials. Gg-P uerperal FEVER. tP*^r*a-me-trit'ic. 
par-a-me'tri um. The tissues surrounding, and 
connected with, the uterus, 
par-am'ic acid. A crystalline substance, Cj.^HjNgO^, 
formed by treating mellamide with ammonium, 
tpar-am'ide = mellamide. 
par-a-mim'i a. Disorder of gestures and tones, and 
of the action which accompanies speech. [ < Trapd 
beside -f- pipia representation.] 
par-a-mi'tome. The more fluid portion of the cell* 
substance filling the spaces between the fibrils of 
mitome; paraplasma; hyaloplasm, 
par-am-ne'si a. Perversion of the memory; remem¬ 
brance of events that never happened. [< rrapd 
beside 4 - pvtiaig memory.] fpar-am-ne'sic ; par- 
am-net'ic. 

Paramce'ba hom'inis. [1 A. /. M. 5 . ’06.] 
Par-a-mce'ei um. An erroneous spelling of P.vra- 

MECIUM. 

para-mon'o-brom-ac-e-tan'i-lid. = Antisepsin. 
pafa-mon’o-chlor-phe'nol. A crystalline antiseptic 
obtained by the chlorination of phenol: used 
locally in form of an ointment in erysipelas, 
par-a-mor'phia. Morbid structure: applied to or¬ 
ganic diseases. [< irapd amiss + /J-op^ij form.] 
par-a-mor'phine. =Thebaine. 
par-a-mu'cic acid. A compound, CgHj^Og, isomeric 

with MUCIC ACID. 

par-a-mu'ein. A mucoid substance sometimes met 
with in ovarian cysts. ^ Mucin; pseudomucin. 
par-a-mu'si a. Perversion of the musical sense, in 
which the patient is unable to produce musical 
sounds and intervals, ts- Amusia. 
par-am'y-lum, -Ion. A white substance, CgHj^Oj, 
resembling starch, found in certain infusoria, as 
Eugle'na vir'idis, and in all gregarinse ; zooamylin. 
par’a-my-oc'lo-nus. A series of convulsive clonic 
spasms, or tremors, affecting certain muscles sym¬ 
metrically. Some regard them as choreic, as in 
the fibrillary chorea of Morvan and the chorea of 


PARAMYOSINOGEN 


689 


PARAPLEGIA 


Dubini which often ends in apoplexy. They 
cease during sleep. P. multiplex of Friedreich, 
an obscure nervous disease marked by frequent 
clonic contractions of a number of muscles with 
usually bilateral contractions. The disease occurs 
mostly in men, from straining or fright, and is in¬ 
terrupted during sleep and does not interfere with 
the motor power or the co-ordination of muscles. 
I®-Myoclonia. [< Tvapd beside + pvg muscle + 
KAovog clonus.] 

pafa-my-o-sin'o-gen. A proteid from muscle-plasm 
resembling myosinogen. 

par*a-my-o-to'ni a. Defective muscular tonicity. 
P. atac'tica, an acquired continuous muscle-spasm 
beginning at the legs and going over to the arms, 
characterized by weakness and anaesthesia. P. 
congen'ita, an affection similar to myotonia con¬ 
genita, characterized by tonic spasms of the arm, 
leg, and facial muscles, lasting often for hours 
and brought on by cold, 
paran-aes-the'si a. = Para-an^sthesia. 
par-a-neph'ric. = Paranephritic. 
par-a-neph'rin. A substance obtained from supra¬ 
renal capsules, without aid of acids or alkalies, and 
said to represent the unchanged blood-pressure- 
raising principle of the capsules while entirely 
free from albumoses and peptones: used as an 
haemostatic. Dose, 0.5 to Cc. (8 to 20 mins.), 
par'a-ne-phri'tis. i. A suppurative inflammation 
in the tissues surrounding the kidneys, ts* Peri¬ 
nephritis. 2. Inflammation of the suprarenal 
capsules. fP^r-a-ne-phrit'ic. 
par-a-neph'rus, -neph'ros. The suprarenal capsule, 
par-a-neu'rism. A nervous disorder, 
pa-ran-gi'. A contagious disease native to Ceylon: 

probably identical with frambcesia. 
par-a-noi'a, -noe'a. A general name for all func¬ 
tional psychoses, with primary delusions or 
hallucinations; delusional insanity; intellectual 
monomania; insanity of systematic delusions: 
especially mental unsoundness or “crankiness” 
with a tendency toward insanity. Heredity is 
believed to play a large part. Among the special 
forms of p. described are Hallucinatory, Infantile, 
Sanders’s (appearing in youth), Seglas’s (a psy¬ 
chomotor form), and Simple. [< Tiapd beside + 
vovg mind.] tP^r-a-noi'ac, -nce'ic, -noi'ic. 
par-a-no'mi a. A variety of aphasia in which the 
wrong name is assigned to objects seen (visual p.) 
or to objects felt (myotactic p.). 
par-a-nu'cle in. i. The peculiar substance resem¬ 
bling chromatin found within the nucleolus. 2. 
An insoluble phosphorized product of proteid 
matter split off from the nucleo-albumins or from 
cell-protoplasm when they are acted upon by 
gastric juice; pseudonuclein. No xanthine base 
is furnished by this group on decomposition, 
par'a-nu’cle-o-pro'te-id. = Nucleo-albumin. 
pafa-nu-cle'o-lus. An uncertain body sometimes 
observed within the nucleus of a mother cell just 
before its division. 

par-a-nu'cle on. A complex substance said to con¬ 
stitute the source of muscle energy, 
par-a-nu'cle us. An irregular body sometimes oc¬ 
curring in the protoplasm of a cell near the 
nucleus; accessory nucleus; parasoma. fpar-a- 
nu'cle ar. par-a-nu'cle ate. 
par-asox-y-methyl-ac-e-tan'i-lid. = Methacetin. 
par-a-pan-cre-at'ic. Situated around the pancreas. 

as P. abscess, one in the P. tissues. 
par-a-par'e-sis. Slight palsy of the lower limbs, 
analogous to paraplegia, ■j'par’a-pa-ret'ic. 

44 


par-a-pec'tic acid. An amorphous product of pec- 
TOSE, formed during the ripening of fruit, 
par-a-pec'tin. , es^Pectic acid and pectin. 
par*a-pe-de'sis. The absorption of bile by the blood¬ 
vessels, without previous biliary engorgement 
[< napd beside + Tvrjddv to leap.] 
par-a-pep'tone. = Anti-albumate. 
par-a-pha'si a. The utterance of one word for 
another (heterophasi.\), or the mispronunciation, 
of words. At times a sign of cerebral lesion. 
[< Tvapd beside + (pdaig saying.] fp^^-a-pha'sic. 
par'a-phe-net'i-din. A very poisonous compound, 
CgH4(NH2)OC2H5, formed in one of the stages of 
the manufacture of phenacetin. 
par-a-phen‘e-tol-car'bam-id. = Sucrol. 
para-phe-nyl-en-di-am'ine. A substance from ace¬ 
tanilide by nitration and reduction with tin and 
hydrochloric acid: used as a hair-dye. 
pa-ra'phi a. A perversion of the sense of touch, 
par'a-phi-mo'sis. A condition in which a narrow 
prepuce is drawn behind the glans penis and can¬ 
not be replaced. Phimosis. [< Trapa amiss-f 
(pipovv to muzzle.] 
par-a-pho'bi a. = Hydrophobia. 
par-a-pho'ni a. Change or alteration of the voice; 
bad voice; unevenness of the voice with sudden 
changes from a deep to a high-pitched tone, tsr 
Aphonia; diphthongia. 

pa-rapli'o-ra. Mental disorder ; wandering of the 
mind. [< Tzapacbopd going aside.] 
par-a-phra'si a. Disorder in uttering phrases and 
sentences; lack of coherence- in speech. It is one 
of the signs of mental disorder, es-P.\raphasia. 
par-a-phre'ni a. i. Mental disturbances in conjunc¬ 
tion with a physiological phase of development, 
as P. when due to old age: and P. hebet'- 

tCa = HEBEPHRENIA. 2 . = PaRAPHRENITIS, dcf. 2. 

par’a-phre-ni'tis. i. Insanity or delirium. 2. In¬ 
flammation of the serous membrane of the dia¬ 
phragm; phrenitis. [< Trapd aside + (jypi/v dia¬ 
phragm or mind.] 

par*a-phro-ne'sis, -phro'ni a, -phros'y-ne. Delirium; 
wandering of the mind. 

par'a-phyte. A disease attended with proliferation, 
par-a-plas'ma, par'a-plasm. i. An abnormality or 
malformation. 2. The semifluid substance occu¬ 
pying the interspaces between the spongioplasm 
of the cell; hyaloplasm; paramitome. 3. The 
granular material of a cell not properly belonging 
to it, as food or waste material. [< rrapd beside 
-I- TtMapa moulding.] fpar-a-plas'tic, especially 
exhibiting depraved formative power, as carci¬ 
noma, melanosis, etc. 

par'a-plast. A proprietary plaster mass spread on 
cotton-web and medicated in various ways, 
par-a-ple'gi a. A paralytic stroke affecting the 
lower half of the body; spinal paralysis of the 
lower limbs, usually associated with paralysis of 
the lower part of the trunk, bladder, and rectum. 
It may be due to chronic alcoholism, chorea, dia¬ 
betes, malaria, rheumatism, syphilis, toxic condi¬ 
tions of the blood, lesions of the brain and spinal 
cord, etc, ‘Special varieties are Ataxic, Congen¬ 
ital spastic (e^spastic). Ideal, Infantile spas¬ 
modic, Peripheral, Pott's (=Pott’s paralysis). 
Primary spastic (^ spastic). Spastic, and Teta¬ 
noid {—svastic) . E^ Hemiparaplegia ; hemiple¬ 
gia; PARALYSIS. P. a fri'gore, paraplegia due to 
cold, affecting both motility and sensibility. P. 
cervica'lis, paraplegia due to high spinal disease. 
P. diabe'tica, paraplegia due to diabetes, consisting 
in peripheral paralysis of the extensor muscles of 


PARASTERNAL 


690 


PARAPLEGIE FLASQUE 

the foot and often mistaken for pseudotabes ; 
diabetic pseudotabes. P. doloro'sa, paraplegia 
due to neoplasms, as cancer of the vertebral 
column, causing very painful compression myeli¬ 
tis and consequent paralysis of the upper or 
lower limbs. P. infe'rior, paralysis of both legs. 
P. mephit'ica = BERIBERI. P. sim'plex seni'lis, 
paraplegia of old age due to lack of nutrition of 
the cerebral cortex. P. spas'tica prima'ria, pri¬ 
mary LATERAL SCLEROSIS. P. supeiior, paralysis 
of both arms. P. urina'ria or urogenita'lis= re¬ 
flex PARALYSIS. [< napd amiss + 'K'kriyi} stroke.] 
tpar-a-plec'tic; par-a-ple'gic. par-a-ple'gi-form. 
pa-ra-ple-gie flasque. A form of compression para¬ 
plegia where the limbs may be flaccid without 
increased reflexes, if the transverse lesion be com¬ 
plete. [F.] 

par'a-pleu-ri'tis. Pain in the side of the chest, 
par-a-plex'us. The choroid plexus of the paracoele, 
or lateral ventricle. 

par*a-pneu-mon'ic pleuritis. Pleuritis occurring con¬ 
jointly with pneumonia. ^ Metapneumonic. 
par-a-poph'y-sis. The lower transverse process of a 
vertebra, or a homologue of the same. 
o-phys'i al. 

pa-rap'o-plexy. A spurious apoplexy; an attack 
resembling apoplexy, but not of the same nature, 
par-a-prox'i a. Entire lack of correlation of acts with 
ideas. ^Aproxia; paragraphia; parophasia. 
par-a-proc'ti um. The tissues which surround the 
anus and rectum. tP^r*a-proc-ti'tis. 
pa-rap'sis. A disordered sense of touch; paraphia. 
par-a-pso-ri'a-sis. A group of skin diseases, resem¬ 
bling both psoriasis and pityriatic seborrhoea or 
lichen planus; parakeratosis variegata of Unna. 
par*a-pyk-no-mor'phous. Intermediate between 
PYKNOMORPHOUS and APYKNOMORPHOUS. 
par‘a-py-ram'i-dal sulcus. A furrow in the medulla 
oblongata extending obliquely from the anterior 
median fissure upward and outward to the ven¬ 
trolateral sulcus. 

Part. aeq. Abbr. for L. par'tes cequa'les, equal parts, 
pa-ra'que-duct. A lateral portion of the mesocoele 
in the brain of frogs and birds, 
par’a-quin-an'i-sol. An artificial antipyretic alka¬ 
loid, CjoHgNO. 

par-a-rec'tal. Situated beside the rectum. P. 
pouch, a pouch of the peritoneum behind the 
broad ligament and at the side of the rectum. 
par*a-re-du'cine. A leucomaine in the urine associ¬ 
ated with REDUCINE. 

par-a-reg'u-lin. A proprietary emulsionized mix¬ 
ture of liquid paraffin and cascara sagrada. 
par-a-rho‘de-o-re'tin. =Jalapin. 
par-a-rho'ta-cism. Substitution of some other 
sound for that of the letter r. 
para-ro-lan'dic convolution. = Paracentral con¬ 
volution. 

par-ar'thri a, par-ar-thro'sis. A disordered articu¬ 
lation of words; disorder in articulate speech, 
oar-a-sac'cha-rose. A crystalline compound, Cjg- 
HogOjj, formed by fermenting a mixture of sac¬ 
charose and ammonium phosphate, 
par-a-sa'cral. Located around or near the sacrum. 
par*a-sal-pin-gi'tis. Inflammation around the fal¬ 
lopian tube. [< napd about -1- adTiTCLy^ tube.] 
Par-a-scan'do-lo’s serum. An immunizing agent 
from animals produced by inoculation with mixed 
cultures of staphylococci and streptococci, 
far'a-se-cre'tion. i. A disorder of secretion. 2. 

The abnormal product of a perverted secretion, 
par-a-se'mi a. Feigned or simulated asemia. 


par*a-sig-mat'a-cian, par-a-sig'ma-tism. Imperfect 
pronunciation of 5 sounds, due to pathological 
changes in the nose and palate. [< Trapa beside 
+ Giypa the letter s.] 

para-si-noi'dal. Situated alongside a sinus: applied 
chiefly to spaces in the dura mater receiving 
the venous blood before it enters the superior 
longitudinal sinus. [< Trapa beside sinus*.] 
par'a-site. i. A vegetable or animal organism liv¬ 
ing on or within another organism (the host) 
and drawing its sustenance at the latter’s ex¬ 
pense. A parasite is called true when it derives 
its sustenance from the tissues of the host, and 
false or a pseudoparasite when it subsists on 
dead tissues, Commensal; facultative; ob¬ 
ligate; LeishmansDonovan bodies; malaria. 
2. Of two joined twins, the one which is depend¬ 
ent upon the other (autosite, def. 2) for its life. 
When its blood^supply is procured from the al¬ 
lantoic circulation it is called an allantoic p. [< 
TrapdaiTog one who lives at another’s expense.] 
tpar-a-sit'ic, -sit'i-cal, as P. bacteria, vegetable 
bacteria flourishing only on living organisms of a 
higher type, in contrast to saprophytic bacteria, 
which live only on dead organic matter: P. chy- 
locele, lymph*scrotum caused by Fila'ria san'- 
guinis hom'inis: P. chyluria, i^chyluria: P. 
crasis, a weakened, dyscratic state of the system 
due to the presence of parasites, or favorable ta 
their life and propagation: P. disease, a disease 
caused by parasites: P. flies, flies whose larvae 
develop in the body cavities or under the skin, 
causing myiasis: P. gastritis, inflammation in the 
stomach caused by the growth of fungi or the 
larvae of certain insects: P. hcemoptysis, haemop¬ 
tysis due to the presence of a fluke, Dis'toma 
ring'eri or D. westerman'i, in the lungs or bron¬ 
chial tubes: P. invasion, the entrance of para¬ 
sites into the human organism in sufficient quan¬ 
tity to cause morbid processes: P. otitis = uy- 
RiNGOMYCosis: P. stomatitis = THRVSH, def.^i: 
P. sycosis — SYCOSIS contagiosa: and P. twin — 

AUTOSITE. 

par-a-sit'i-cide. A remedy destructive to parasites, 
as hydrocyanic acid, 
par-a-sit'i-fer. The host of a parasite, 
par'a-si-tism. The infestation by parasites or the 
relation between a host and its parasites, 
par'a-si-to-. Relating to parasites: a combining 
form. [< irapdoLToq one who lives at another’s 
expense.] par*a-si-to-gen'e-sis, par*a-si-tog'e-ny, 
generation of parasites or the condition of the or¬ 
ganism favoringtheirgrowth. tp^r'a-si-to-ge-net'- 
ic, para-si-to-gen'ic, of parasitic origin.— par'a- 
si-tol'o-gy,the scientific study of parasites. 
a-si-tol'o-gist. — par'a-si-to'sis, a parasitic disease, 
par-a-so'ma. = Paranucleus. 
par-a-sor'bic acid. An oily liquid, CgH 802 , found 
in the berries of mountain*ash. 
par-a-spa'di as. Opening of the urethra on one side 
of the penis. [ < rrapd beside -f- onav to draw.] 
par'a-spasm. Spasm of both lower limbs: paraplegic 
in nature. 

para-sta-ti'tis. i. = Prostatitis. 2. = Epididy¬ 
mitis. 

pafa-ste-a-to'sis. Fatty degeneration marked by 
morbid sebaceous secretion at abnormal places, 
par-a-ster'nal. Situated beside the sternum. P. 
line, a vertical line midway between the border 
of the sternum and the nipple; linea paraster- 
nalis*. P. region, the area between the edge of 
the sternum and the parasternal line. 


PARELECTRONOMY 


PARASTREMMA 691 


oar-a-strem'ma. Spasmodic distortion, especially 
of the face. 

para-sy-nan'chy. = Paracynanche. 
par*a-syn-o-yi'tis. Inflammation of the tissues 
around a synovial sac. 

par-a-syph-i-lo'sis, par-a-syph'i-lis. A condition 
associated with or lollowing syphilis, as tabes, or 
dementia paralytica. tP^r’a-syph-i-lit'ic. 
par-a-sys'to-le. An unusual or abnormal interval 
between pulsations, or between the systole and 
diastole of the heart and arteries, 
par-a-tar'si um. The lateral part of the tarsus of 
the foot, especially of birds, 
par-a-tar-tar'ic acid. = Racemic acid. 
par-a-te'la. The choroid tela of the lateral ventricle 
of the brain. 



par-a-te-re*si-o-ma'ni a. A mania for close obser¬ 
vation or new sights, 
par-a-thy'mi a. Brain=fag. 

par-a-thy'roid. i. Situated beside the thyroid gland. 
2. One of the 
small glands, 
usually four to 
five in num¬ 
ber, distinct 
from the ac¬ 
cessory thy¬ 
roids, lying 
along the lat¬ 
eral lobes and 
possessing an 
important in¬ 
ternal secre¬ 
tion indepen¬ 
dent of the 
thyroid gland. 

^ Paralysis 

AGITANS ; TET¬ 
ANY. tpar-a- 
thy-roi-dec'- 
to-my, excis¬ 
ion of a para¬ 
thyroid gland, 
par-a-thy-roi'- 
din. An organ- 
otherapeutic 
preparation 
from parathy¬ 
roid glands, 
par-a-to'loid. = Tuberculin. 

par-a-to-lufl-din. A coabtar derivative, resembling 
toluidin: used in tuberculosis, 
par-a-tol-ylshy'dra-zine. ^ Tolypyrine. 
par-a-to'ni a. Abnormal stretching; overextension. 

[< Trapd beside -I- rovog a stretching.] 
par-a-to'pi a. Displacement or abnormal position 
of an organ. 

oar-a-tox'in. A preparation of bile containing 
cholesterin and various allied substances, but 
deprived of the bile pigments; used by G6rard 
and Lemoine in tuberculosis. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 
mins.). 

par'a-tri-cho'sis. Any abnormality in the character 
or situation of the hair. 

par-a-trim'ma. Chafing or inflammation due to 
rubbing, as from horsesback riding, 
par-a-trip'sis. Preventing friction or chafing. [ < 
Trapd beside -f- rpi( 3 eiv to rub.] tp^r-a-trip'tic. i. 
Preventing waste. 2. A substance that prevents 
waste of nervous tissue. 

pa-rat'ro-phy. Perverted nutrition; dystrophy; 
pseudohypertrophy, fpar-a-troph'ic, 


Parathyroid Glands or Glandules 
seen from the Posterior Surface 
AFTER Removal of Thyroid Cap¬ 
sule.— a. Superior. b. Inferior. 
(Halsted and Evans.) 


\ 






V 

-Cv.v 








para-tu-ber-cu-lo'sis. A group of cutaneous dis¬ 
eases, peculiar to scrofulous persons, but not 
directly tuberculous, fpar’a-tu-ber'cu-lous. 
Par-a-tu'do. =Gomphrena. 

par’a-typh-li'tis. Inflammation of the postperitoneal 
connective tissue of the 
caecum. j^Perityphlitis. 
par-a-ty'phoid. A disease 
clinically like typhoid 
but due to an organism 
(F. bacillus) intermediate 
between the colon and 
typhoid bacilli; par-a- 
ty'phus of the German 
writers. 

par-a-typ'ic. Of irregular 
character, or type, 
par’a-um-bil'i-cal. Sur¬ 
rounding or near the na¬ 
vel, as P. veins. 
par'a-u-re'thral. Surround¬ 
ing or near the urethra. P. 
ducts = Skene’s glands. 

[Tl F. ’07.] tpar'a-u-re- 
thri'tis. 


\ \ 'I 




\/ 




\ 


\' - \ 


\ \ 

x. '■ 

X \ ''A'~ ' 

'V 


K 


W 


S'' 

' 1 . Z' 


'■fv' /rf/' 


V 'I''/' 






Paratyphoid 
lus.— Agar 
(Wilson.) 


/ 


1 ^ 6 


Bacil- 

culture. 


par’a-vag-i-ni'tis. Inflammation of the connective 
tissue around the vagina. 

par-a-ver'te-bral. Beside the vertebral column, as 
F. triangle = Grocco’s triangle. 
par-a-ves'i-cal pouch. A pouch of peritoneum on 
each side of the bladder. 

par-a-xan'thine. A poisonous leucomaine, C^IIgN^Oj, 
found in normal urine. It is isomeric with theo¬ 
bromine which it also resembles in action. It is 
one of the causes of gout. 

pa-rax'i al. Situated on one or both sides of the 
spinal column. 

pa-rax'on. A collateral branch of an axisscylinder. 
par-a-xy'lene. A colorless, volatile liquid, CgHjg, 
found in coabtar naphtha: /jftlimethyl benzene, 
par-a-zo'on. An animal organism parasitic on or 
within another. [< rrapd on + aiiimal.] 
parch'ment. The skin of a sheep, calf, goat, or other 
animal, prepared for writing on. Papyrus. 
P. crackling or crepitation, a peculiar crackling 
sound heard on pressure of the cranial bones of 
rickety and syphilitic children, in dentigerous 
cysts, etc. P. induration, the feeling met with in 
the superficial form of chancre as of a piece of 
parchment lying beneath the skin. P. skin, a 
descriptive name for varieties of xeroderma, or 
atrophoderma, in which the skin, in whole or in 
part, has the appearance and feel of parchment. 
Pardan'thus chinen'sis. An Asiatic plant, held in 
high repute as an aperient, 
par-ec-coe-lo'ma. A diverticulum, especially an 
abnormal one or one rarely found, 
pa-rec'ta-ma, -ta-sis. Excessive extension or dis¬ 
tention ; a stretching out. tP^r-ec-tam'ic. 
par-e-gor'ic. i. Mitigating or assuaging pain. 2. 
= Tinctura opii camphorata.* Scotch p. is 
about double the strength of the U.S.P. prep¬ 
aration. P. elixir = TiNCTURA opii camphorata*. 
[< Traprjyopelv to encourage or soothe.] 
pa-rei'ra*. The dried root of Chondodendron 
tomentosum, a South American plant, containing 
an active principle, pa-rei'rine; pareira brava. 
It is tonic and diuretic, and is used in chronic 
inflammation of the urinary passages. Dose, 2 
Gm. (30 grs.). 

par*e-lec-tron'o-my. The condition of diminished 
force of the muscular electric current in a trans- 










PARENCEPHALITIS 


692 


PARIETAL 


verse section of a muscle. tp3^r*e-lec-tro-nom'ic, 
irresponsive to electromotive stimuli. 
par‘en-ceph-a-li'tis. Cerebellar inflammation, 
par-en-ceph'a-lo-cele. Hernia of the cerebellum, 
par-en-ceph'a-lon, -ceph'a-lis. = Cerebellum*. 
par-en-ceph'a-lus, par-en-ce-phaTia. Congenital 
malformation of the brain, fpar-en-ceph'a-lous. 
pa-ren'chy-ma*. The essential or active elements 
of a tissue or organ, as distinguished from its 
stroma, interstitial, or supporting structure. 
P. tes'tis*, the glandular substance of the testicle, 
tpa-ren'chy-mal; -chy-mat'ic; pa-ren-chym'a- 
tous, as P. cartilage = cellular cartilage: P. 
centre, a nerve ^centre in the substance of a viscus: 
P. disease, a disease in which the parenchyma 
of an organ is affected: P. hemorrhage, capillary 
hemorrhage: P. implantation, ^implantation, 
def. 3: P. inflammation, inflammation of the pa¬ 
renchyma as distinguished from that of the inter¬ 
stitial tissue: P. injection, injection into the sub¬ 
stance of an organ: P. keratitis, interstitial kera¬ 
titis: P. mastitis, mastitis involving the sub¬ 
stance of a gland: P. myelitis, ^myelitis: P. 
nephritis, 1®- nephritis, acute and chronic: P. 
neuritis, neuritis affecting the axisscylinder and 
medullary substance of a nerve; degenerative 
neuritis: P. pain, pain located at the peripheral 
end of a nerve: and P. /fsswe = pulpstissue. 
pa-ren*chy-ma-ti'tis. Parenchymal inflammation, 
pa-ren’chy-mep-a-ti'tis. Parenchymatous inflam¬ 
mation of the liver. 

par-en-chym'u-la. The stage of the embryo follow¬ 
ing that of the closed blastema. 
par'ent cell. i. A cytula; a cell which gives rise 
to daughter cells; a mother cell. 2. A large 
cell lying near the tunica propria of the testis 
which divides into the mother cells in the process 
of spermatogenesis. P. cyst, a large cyst enclos¬ 
ing several smaller ones {daughter cysts) formed 
by secondary growth; mother cyst. P. kernel, 
the nucleus of a parent cell, 
par-en'te-ral, -ly. Not by way of the digestive 
tract, as P. introduction or assimilation of food* 
stuffs. 

par-ep'i-ccele. The lateral recess of the epicoele. 
par-ep-i-did'y-mis. = Paradidymis*. tpar‘ep-i- 
did'y-mal. 

par'ep-i-thym'i a. Morbidly changed desires. 
par*er-e-the'sis, par-er'e-thism. Morbid excitement 
or stimulation. 

par'e-sis. i. Imperfect paralysis; decreased func¬ 
tional power of muscles or motor nerves, as from 
debility. 2. = General paralysis. P. u'teri, 
an almost complete absence of uterine expulsory 
contractions. [< ndpeaig fr. TtapLEvaL to relax.] 
tpa-re'si-fy-ing. pa-ret'ic, as P. dementia, general 
paralysis of the insane. 
par*e-sosan-al-ge'si a. =Morvan’s disease. 
par-es-the'si a, par-es-the'sis. = Paresthesia. 
tpar-es-thet'ic. 

pa-reu'ni a. Sexual intercourse. [< Trapd beside 
EVVT] bed.] 

par-haem-o-glo'bin. A variety of haemoglobin in¬ 
soluble in alcohol, 
par-hi-dro'sis. = Paridrosis. 
par'i al. Paired; existing in pairs; not azygous, 
par-i-ca'. A narcotic snuff from the seeds of Pip- 
tade'nia ni'ops, a Brazilian tree, 
par'i-cine. An alkaloid from the bark of Calisa'ya 
succiru'bra, of the Himalayas, 
par'i-din. A glucoside, CjgHg^O^, found in Pa'ris 
quadrifo'lia, 


par-i-dro'sis. Abnormal, or perverted, perspiration; 
a disorder of the perspiration. [< napd beside-(- 
IdpuGLq perspiration.] 

pa'ri-es*, pi. pari'etes. A side, or wall, of any cav¬ 
ity or organ. Specially named parietes are the 
P. ante'rior* and P. posterior*, anterior and pos¬ 
terior walls of the stomach or vagina ; the P. in- 
fe'rior*, P. latera'lis*, P. media'lis*, and P. supe'- 
rior*, inferior, lateral, medial, and superior walls 
of the orbit of the eye; and the P. jugula'ris* 
(floor), P.’lahyrin'thica* (inner wall), P. mastoi'- 
dea* (posterior wall), P. membrana'cea* (outer 
wall), and P. tegmenta'lis* (tegmental wall) of the 
cavity of the tympanum. [L.] 

pa-ri'e-tal. Belonging to the parietes or walls of 
any cavity, organ, etc. P. angle, i. (Of Broca.) 
An angle between lines from the auricular point 
to the bregma and the lambda. 2. (Of Lissauer.) 
An angle between lines drawn in the median 
plane of the skull from the most prominent point 
of the parietal bone to the bregma and lambda. 
3 - (Of Quatrefages.) Quatrefages’s angle. 
P. appendicitis, the second stage of appendicitis, in 
which the interstitial and intermuscular structure 
of the appendix becomes involved. P. arc, the 
arc, measured on the surface of the cranium, from 
the bregma to the lambda. P. arches, the arches 
formed by the convolutions of the convex surface 
of the cerebral hemispheres curving around the 
end of the Assure of Sylvius. P. arteries, branches 
from the middle cerebral artery supplying the 
central convolutions, parietal lobe, and outer sur¬ 
face of the temporal lobe. P. band = P. flexure. 
P. bone, one of the two quadrangular bones form¬ 
ing the transverse arch of the cranium; os parie- 
tale*. P. boss = P. eminence. P. cells = mar¬ 
ginal CELLS. P. convolution, a cerebral convo¬ 
lution continuous anteriorly with the ascending 
frontal, and bounded in front by the upper part 
of the fissure of Rolando, behind by the external, 
parietosoccipital fissure, and interiorly by the in¬ 
terparietal fissure; superior p. convolution; first 
p. convolution; upper p. convolution. P. convo¬ 
lution ascending, a cerebral convolution on the 
parietal lobe continuous above and below with 
the ascending frontal convolution, and also above 
with the superior parietal convolution, and 
bounded in front by the fissure of Rolando, be¬ 
hind by the intraparietal fissure, and below by 
the fissure of Sylvius: posterior p. convolution. 
P. convolution, inferior = SUBPARIETAL convolu¬ 
tion. P. eminence, the central and more eleva¬ 
ted part of the parietal bone; tuber parietale*. 
P. emissary vein, a small branch of the longi¬ 
tudinal sinus passing through the parietal fora¬ 
men; emissarium parietale*. P. eye, an eyedike 
extension of the pineal gland which lies between 
the parietal bones in certain lower vertebrates 
and is the organ of sight. P. fissure, i. A fis¬ 
sure beginning near the ventral end of the cen¬ 
tral fissure and running between the parietal 
convolutions to near the end of the occipital 
lobe; interparietal fissure; fissura parietooccipi- 
talis*. 2. The parietal portion of the above fis¬ 
sure. P. flexure, a bend at the most projecting 
part of the mesencephalon of the embryo formed 
in the course of development. P. foramen, a 
small aperture near the back of the upper border 
of the parietal bone for transmitting a vein to 
the longitudinal sinus; foramen parietale*. P. 
fossa, the deepest part "of the inner surface of 
the parietal bone; fossa parietalis’^. P. gyrus === 


PARIETALE 


693 


paroGphoritis 


P. CONVOLUTION. P. lobc, the portion of a cerebral 
hemisphere above the horizontal branch of the 
sylvian fissure and between the rolandic and 
outer part of the parieto^occipital fissures; lobus 
parietalis*. P. lobule, inferior, a lobule made up 
of the angular and supramarginal convolutions. 
P. mesoblast= soMATOPLEURE. P. notch, a notch 
between the squamous and mastoid portions of 
the temporal bone for receiving the posterosin- 
ferior angle of the parietal bone; incisura pari- 
etalis*. P. pericardium, iS" pericardium. P. 
peritoneum, es-PERiTONEUM. P. pleura, that por¬ 
tion of the pleura which is reflected upon the 
walls of the chest; pleura parietalis*. P. pro¬ 
tuberance =P. EMINENCE. P. section, transverse 
vertical section through the ascending parietal 
convolution. P. sector, a sector bounded by 
radii from the punctum alae vomeris to the oc¬ 
cipital point and the punctum bregmatis. P. 
segment, i. The second segment of the crani¬ 
um, including the basisphenoid, alisphenoid, and 
parietal bones. 2. The posterior segment of the 
mitral valve. P. station, an area on each side of 
the head just above the ear. It is one of the 
favorable stations for taking surface tempera¬ 
tures of the cranium. P. sulcus, the intrapari- 
etal sulcus. P. thrombosis, the formation of a 
thrombus upon the walls of the heart or blood* 
vessels. [< L. parieta'lis, fr. pa'ries wall.] 
pa-ri-e-ta'le. A parietal bone. [L.] 

Parieta'ria officina'lis. Wall pellitory, a European 
herb: diuretic and refrigerant, and used in uri¬ 
nary complaints and dropsy, 
pa-ri'e-tes. The plural of paries. [L.] 
pa-ri-et'ic acid. = Chrysophanic acid. 
pa-ri'e-to-. Relating to the parietal bone or to a 
wall, as of a cavity: a combining form. [< L. 
parieta'lis, fr, pa'ries wall.] pa-ri*e-tosax'il-la-ry 
cravat, cravat. —pa-ri-e-to-fron'tal, pertaining 

to the frontal and parietal bones.— pa-ri*e-to- 
mas'toid suture, the irregular, deeply dentate 
suture between the parietal bone and the mastoid 
portion of the temporal bone; sutura parietomas- 
toidea^. — pa-ri'e-to=oc-cip'i-tal, relating to the 
parietal and occipital bones. P. convolution, lat¬ 
eral, the middle occipital convolution, P. convo¬ 
lution, middle, a convolution of the occipital lobe 
of the cerebrum, being the dorsal surface of the 
superior occipital convolution. P. fissure = oc¬ 
cipital FISSURE, def. 2. — pa-ri’e-to-sphe-noi'dal, 
relating to the parietal and the sphenoid bone. 
P. artery, an artery supplying the parietal and 
temporosphenoidal lobes. P. notch, an indenta¬ 
tion of the upper margin of the squamous portion 
of the temporal bone between the part which ar¬ 
ticulates with the parietal and that which joins 
the great wing of the sphenoid.— pa-ri'e-to-squa- 
mo^sal suture, a suture between the squamous 
portion of the temporal bone and the parietal 
bone.— pa-ri’e-to-tem'po-ral artery, one of the 
cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery 
distributed to the convolutions situated around 
the posterior limb of the fissure of Sylvius. P. 
suture, the suture between the parietal bone of 
either side of the skull and the corresponding tem¬ 
poral bone.— pa-ri*e-to-vis'ce-ral, relating to the 
wall, or walls, of a cavity, and also to the con¬ 
tained viscera, 
pa-rig'e-nin. Parillin. 
pa-ril'la.. =Menispermum canadense. 
pa-riTlin, pa-rig'lin, pa-ril-lin'ic acid. A white, 
crystalline substance found in sarsaparilla; salse- 


parin; sonilacin. It is analogous to, if not iden¬ 
tical with, saponin. [1 i?. ’05.] From it by the 
action of dilute acids is obtained pa-rig'e-nin, 
C28H42O4, a white curd*like substance. 

Parinaud’s conjunctivitis. A form of purulent con¬ 
junctivitis attended with marked constitutional 
symptoms. P.’s ophthalmoplegia, combined pa¬ 
ralysis of the external rectus muscle on one side 
and spasm of the internal rectus on the other 
side, Sauvinaud’s ophthalmoplegia. 
pard-o-dyn'i a. Difficult or painful parturition. 
Par'is green. = Copper arsenite. Plaster of P., 
^ plaster. P. quadrifo'lia, an acrid, poisonous, 
and narcotic plant, of the order Smila'cece. P. 
white, prepared chalk; creta praeparata. P. yel¬ 
low, chrome yellow, or neutral lead chromate, 
par-i'sol. An antiseptic and disinfectant from for¬ 
maldehyde and saponified naphthaquinones. 
par-isth-mi'tis. Inflammation of a par-isth'mi on 
or tonsil; quinsy, cynanche, or angina, 
par-i-styph'nin. A yellowish, amorphous glucoside, 
C3sHg40,g, from Pa'ris quadrifo'lia. 
par-i-the-li-o'ma. A tumor situated near the nip¬ 
ple. [< rrapd beside -F 0///?/ nipple.] 

Par'kin-son’s (par-kin-so'ni an) disease. = Paral¬ 
ysis AGiTANS. P.’s facies. P.’s mask, the stolid 
and wooden appearance of the face and elevated 
eyebrows in paralysis agitans. 

Park’s aneurism. An arteriovenous aneurism in 
which the arterial dilatation communicates with 
two adjoining veins. 

par-o-a'ri um, -a'ri on. = Parovarium. 
par-oc-cip'i-tal. A teim for the elements of the 
occipital segment of the cranium below the supra* 
occipital. P. convolution, a U*shaped convolu¬ 
tion on the occipital and parietal lobes curving 
around the dorsal end of the occipital fissure. It 
is bounded laterally by the paroccipital fissure, 
and mesially by the margin of the cerebrum. P. 
fissure, the posterior part of the interparietal fis¬ 
sure. P. process = PROCESSUS jugularis*. 
par-o-don'tid. A tumor on the gum. [< Tcapd near, 
on + bdovg tooth.] 

par’o-don-ti'tis. Inflammation of the tissues sur¬ 
rounding a tooth, 
par'o-dyn. = Antipyrina*. 

par-o-dyn'i a. Morbid or difficult labor. [< Trapd 
amiss or wrong -t- otYwy pain.] 
par'o-gen. A basis for liniments. I. M. ’06.] 
pa-rol-fac'to-ry of Broca. = Area of broca. 
pa-rol'i-va-ry. Situated near the corpus olivarium, 
or olivary body. P. bodies, a dorsal and a mesial, 
smaller nuclei situated in proximity to the olivary 
body; accessory olivary nuclei, 
par-om-phal'ic. Situated near the navel, 
par-om-phal'o-cele. Hernia near the navel, 
par-o-nir'i a. A generic term applied to morbid 
dreams, including those attended by somnambu¬ 
lism, nocturnal pollution, etc. [< Trapd amiss + 
dveipog dream.] 

par-o-nych'i a. A collection of pus, or an abscess, 
in the matrix of a nail or its surroundings; the 
disease termed whitlow or felon. ^Panari- 
ciuM. P. syphilit'ica, paronychia caused by efflor¬ 
escence or moist papules. P. tendino'sa, septic 
inflammation of the tendonssheath of a finger. 
[< Trapd near + ovv^ nail.] tP®r-o-nych'i al. 
par-o-nych'ine. An alkaloid from Hernia'ria gla'bra. 
par-on-y-cho'sis. The formation of nails at abnor¬ 
mal places. £ 3 " Onychosis. 
par’o-oph-o-ri'tis. Inflammation (non*peritoneal)< 
of the parts near the ovary. 


PAROOPHORON 


694 


PARROT’S DISEASE 


par-o-6ph'o-ron*. The relic, in the female, of the 
rudimentary posterior tubular portion of the 
Wolffian body: corresponds to the paradidymis of 
the male. [< napd near + oophoron.] 
par'oph-thal-mon'cus. A tumor or swelling near 
the eye. [< irapd beside + ocpOaApdg eye + oyKO^ 
tumor.] 

par-o-plex'i a. —Paraplegia. 
pa-rop'sis. Disorder of vision; false seeing. [ < Trapd 
amiss + dipig vision. tpS“rop'tic, relating to colors 
produced by the diffraction of light, 
par-or-chid'i um. Any misplacement of one or both 
testicles, as, for example, when one or both may 
not have descended from the abdomen, 
par-orchi-dosen'te-ro-cele. Inguinal hernia com¬ 
plicated with displacement of the testicle. [< 
rcapd beside + testicle + Enterocele.] 

pa-ror'chis. = Epididymis. 

par-o-rex'i a. A term for all neuropathic forms of 
depraved appetite, as those of pregnant women, 
girls at puberty, etc. Malacia; pica. 
pa-ros'mi a, -ros'mis, par-os-phre'si a, -phre'sis. 

Imperfection or perversion of tj|e sense of smell, 
par-os-mo-phre'ni a. A chronic disease of the ol¬ 
factory organ, developing sometimes into a psy¬ 
chosis. [^[ I. M. ’o6.] 

pa-ros'te al sarcoma. A sarcoma close to the out¬ 
side of a bone. 

par-os-te-i'tis, -os-ti'tis. Inflammation of struct¬ 
ures which lie adjacent to a bone, 
pa-ros-te-o'sis. The development of bone in an 
abnormal place, as in the skin; bone develop¬ 
ment without periosteum. [< Trapd amiss + 
bareov bone.] 

pa-ros'ti a. Defective ossification, 
par-os-to'sis. The formation of a bony growth 
outside of the periosteum. [< rrapd beside + 
bareov bone.] 

pa-ro'ti a. = Parotitis. 

pa-rot'id, -rot'ic. Situated near the ear. P. abscess, 
an abscess of the parotid gland. P. arteries, twigs 
from the external carotid artery to* the parotid 
gland. P. duct, &■ P. gland. P. fascia, a back¬ 
ward extension of the masseteric fascia envelop¬ 
ing the parotid gland; fascia parotideomasse- 
terica*. P. gland, the largest of the salivary 
glands, situated in front 
of the ear, and overlap¬ 
ping both within and 
without the ramus of 
the lower jaw; glandula 
parotis*. Its secretions 
are discharged through 
the parotid or stenson’s 
duct into the mouth, 
opposite the second su¬ 
perior molar tooth, 

Mumps; socia parot- 
iDis. P. nerve, a branch 
of the auriculotemporal 
nerve to the parotid gland. P. notch, a depres¬ 
sion between the posterior edge of the ramus of 
the inferior maxillary bone and the mastoid proc¬ 
ess. It lodges part of the parotid gland. P. 
saliva, the secretion furnished by the parotid 
gland. [< Trapd near -f ovg ear.] 
par-o-tid'e an plexus. = Pes anserinus. 
pa-rot'i-dec'to-my. Excision of the parotid gland. 

[< Traporig parotid + eKroprj excision.] 
pa-rot-i-di'tis. = Parotitis. 

pa-rot’i-do5au*ric-u-la'ris. A muscle, occasionally 
found in man, originating in the fascia over the 


parotid gland and inserted in the deep surface of 
the concha. [If Dl. ’o6.] 

pa-rot-i-don'cus. Tumor or swelling of the parotid 
gland, commonly termed mumps. [< Traporig pa¬ 
rotid gland + byKog tumor.] 
pa-rot*i-do-scir'rhus. Scirrhous hardening of one 
or both parotid glands. [< Traporig parotid gland 
-t- CKippog induration.] 
pa-ro'tis. = Parotid gland. 

par-o-ti'tis. Inflammation of the parotid gland: 
commonly known as mumps (epidemic p.). It 
may occur after abdominal section (postsopera- 
tive, coeliac, or splanchnic p.) or it may be spo¬ 
radic or metastatic, fpar-o-tit'ic. 
pa'rous. Applied to a uterus that has borne chil¬ 
dren. [< L. par'ere to bear.] 
par-o-va-ri'tis. Inflammation of the parovarium, 
par-o-va'ri um. A body in the female homologous 
with the epididymis of the male and representing 
the remains of part of the wolffian body; organ 
of Rosenmuller; corpus conicum; epodphoron*. 
It may be the starting point of tumors. [< rrapd 
near -t- L. ova'rius egg=keeper.] tP*ir-o-va'ii an, 
as P. cyst, the removal or excision of which is 
termed par-o-va-ri-ot'o-my. 
par-ox-an'thine. k^Uric acid group of leuco- 
maines. 

pa-rox'i a. = Pica. 

parox-y-ben-zo'ic acid. t^ORTHiN; orthrine. 
par-ox-yn'tic. = Paroxysmal. 
par'ox-ysm. An evident increase of symptoms 
which after a certain time decline; the periodic 
attacks or fits which characterize certain diseases 
{Paroxysmal diseases), such as ague, gout, and 
asthma; the intensification of certain symptoms, 
such as neuralgic pain and colic. [< irapo^vveiv 
to aggravate.] fP^r-ox-ys'mal, as P. albuminu¬ 
ria = CYcr^ic albuminuria: P. bradycardia = 
Stokessadams’s disease: P. cough, a sudden peri¬ 
odic onset of severe coughing: often symptomatic 
of bronchiectasis, fibroid phthisis, etc.: P. hcemo- 
globinuria, hcematuria, or hcsmatinuria, a variety 
of haemoglobinuria associated • with Raynaud’s 
disease and marked by periodic attacks; inter¬ 
mittent haematuria: P. mania, sudden attacks of 
periodic mania: P. family paralysis, an heredi¬ 
tary, spasmodic, non-rigid but total paralysis of 
the limbs and trunk, between the attacks of 
which the patients are in normal health, probably 
of myopathic origin and occurring in youth: P. 
pulmonary oedema, an unusual form of oedema of 
the lungs with a rapid onset, accompanied by im¬ 
minent asphyxia and copious albuminous expec¬ 
toration, lasting from a few minutes to several 
days, sometimes fatal: P. tachycardia, periodic 
attacks of greatly increased heart^activity, the 
pulse reaching 200 and over: and P. trepidant 
abasia, abasia. 

par'ri-cide. The murder or murderer of one’s own 
father or mother. 

Par'rish’s camphor mixture. = Mistura camphors 

AROMATICA. 

par'rot tongue. A shrunken, darkscolored, non* 
protrusible tongue, often seen in typhus fever, 
par'rotsbeak nail. A nail having a strong antero¬ 
posterior curvature like a parrot’s beak. 

Par-rot’s disease. Syphilitic pseudoparalysis. P.’s 
nodes, knobs of vascular bone that sometimes 
appear on the outer table of the skulls of infants 
suffering from congenital syphilis. P.’s sign or 
phenomenon, dilatation of the pupil upon pinch¬ 
ing the skin of the neck: diagnostic of meningi- 



Section of Huma.n Pa¬ 
rotid Gland, Includ¬ 
ing Several Acini.— d. 
Cut intralobular duct. 



PARRY’S DISEASE 


695 


PASCAL’S LAW 


tis. P.’s ulcers, ulcers placed symmetrically on 
the hard palate on either side of the middle 
line: found in newly bom, debilitated infants. 
They rarely heal and usually involve the bone. 
[< J- M. Parrot, French physician, 1829-1883.] 

PaFry’s disease. = Exophthalmic goitre. 

pars*, pi. par'tes. A part or portion. P. basila'ris 
os'sis occipita'lis* = basilar process. P. calcane- 
ocuboi'dea*, the internal calcaneocuboid liga¬ 
ment. P. calcaneonavicula'ris*, the superior cal- 

CANEOSCAPHOID LIGAMENT. P. chorda^lis, the 
chordal portion of the base of the skull; the part 
which is posterior, or inferior, to the sella turcica. 
P. convoluta* = LABYRINTH OP THE KIDNEY. P. 
flac'cida*, membrana tympani. Par'tes geni- 
ta'les exter'nae*, external genital parts. P. hori- 
zonta'lis* = HORIZONTAL PLATE, def. 2. P. inter- 
cartilagin'ea* = RESPIRATORY glottis. P. inter- 
me'dia, the homologue in the clitoris of the male 
corpus spongiosum. P. intermembrana'cea*, the 
true glottis. P. laryn'gea* = laryngopharynx. 
P. mammilla^ris, the mastoid portion of the 
temporal bone. P. mastoi'dea* = mastoid part. 
P. membrana'cea* = MEMBRANOUS part. P. mi- 
no'ris resisten'tiae = locus minoris resistenti^. 
P. nasa'lis pharyn'gis* = nasopharynx. P. ora'- 
lis pharyn'gis* = oropharynx, def. 2. P. pal'ati, 
a horizontal plate of the palate bone extending 
along the floor of the nasal cavity and the hard 
palate behind the palate process of the maxilla. 
P. petro'sa [pyr'amis]*, the petrous part of the 
temporal bone. P. postrolan^ica, that part of 
the cerebrum which is posterior to the pars ro- 
landica. P. praerolan'dica, that part of the cere¬ 
brum which is anterior to the pars rolandica. P. 
pri'ma*, the first part of the root of the facial 
nerve. P. prostat'ica*, the prostatic portion of the 
male urethra. P. pylo'rica*, the pyloric extremity 
of the stomach. P. radia'ta [proces'sus Ferrei'ni] * 
= Ferrein’s pyramids. P. rolan'dica, that part 
of the cerebrum which includes the anterior cen¬ 
tral and posterior central gyri. P. spongio^sa, the 
spongy portion of the urethra. P. squamo^sa, 
the squamous portion; and P. tympan'ica*, the 
tympanic portion, of the temporal bone. 

pars'ley. i^Apium petroselinum. P. camphor 
= APIOL. P. oil, I^APIOL. 

pars'nip. An edible plant with carrotslike roots: 
some species possess medicinal properties. lar 
Pastinacine. 

Par'sons’s disease. = Exophthalmic goitre. P.’s 
method, treatment of carcinoma of the cervix 
uteri by the interrupted galvanic current. 

Part. aeq. Abbr. for L. par'tes cequa'les, equal parts. 

Part. vie. Abbr. for partibus vicibus. 

Parthe'nium. A genus of composite plants. P. 
integrifo'lium of the Southern United .States: anti- 
periodic. From P. hysteroph'orus of the West 
Indies is obtained par-then'i-cine or par'the-nine, a 
febrifugal and analgesic alkaloid. Dose, 0.5 to i 
Gm. (7 to 15 grs.). [< rzapdevog virgin.] 

par'the-no-. Relating or pertaining to a virgin: a 
combining form. [< rrapdevog virgin.] par-the- 
no-chlo-ro'sis = chlorosis. — parthe-no-ga-lac*- 
to-zae'mi a, the secretion of milk from the breast 
of a virgin.— par’the-no-gen'e-sis, the successive 
production of procreating individuals from an 
ovum without fecundation by the male element; 
selfsfertilization; asexual reproduction. 
the-no-ge-net'ic. par'the-no-ge-net'i-cal-ly.—par- 
the-nol'o-gy, a treatise on or the study of virgins 
in health and in disease.— par-the-non'o-sus = 


chlorosis.— par-the-not'ro-phy, the care of the 
health of young girls. 

par'ti al. Comprising or affecting a part only; not 
total or general. P. dislocation, incomplete dis¬ 
location ; subluxation. P. lesion, a lesion which 
involves only part of an organ. [< L. partia'lis, 
fr. pars part.] 

par'tibus vi'eibus. In divided doses. [L.] 
par'ti-cle. The minutest part into which a body 
can be mechanically divided; a very small por¬ 
tion ; the minutest part visible under a micro¬ 
scope. [< L. partic'ula, dim. of pars part.] 
tpar-tic'u-late. 

par-tin'i um. An alloy of aluminum and tungsten, 
par-ti'tion. i. A division; a dividing wall or sep¬ 
tum. 2. The act of dividing; dissepiment, 
par'tridge berry. A name for Gaulthe'ria procum'- 
bens and Mitchel'la re'pens or their fruits. 
Par'tridge’s hernia. Hernia external to the femoral 
vessels. 

par-tu'rient. Bringing forth; childsbearing; puer¬ 
peral. P. canal, the canal through which the 
foetus passes in childbirth, consisting of the ute¬ 
rus and vagina regarded as one canal; obstetric 
canal. P. line, the axis of the parturient canal. 
P. woman, a woman about to give birth to a child. 
[< L. parin'riens, fr. parturi're to travail, to bring 
forth.] tP^r-tu-ri-fa'ci ent, a medicine facilitat¬ 
ing parturition, as ergot. par‘tu-ri-om'e-ter, a 
device or instrument for estimating the expulsive 
power exerted by the uterus in labor, par-tu-ri'- 
tion, expulsion of the foetus from the uterus; 
state of being in childbed; labor; parturiency. 
ts-A galactia; galactorrhcea; McClintock’s 
rule; eclampsia. P. centre, the centre for par¬ 
turition, situated in the cord opposite the first 
and second lumbar vertebrae, par-tu'ri-tive. 
par'tus. I. The act of bringing forth young; labor. 
2. The young when brought forth; the birth. P. 
agrippi'nus, labor with breech presentation. P. 
caesa'reus, delivery by caesarean section. P. con- 
duplica'tio cor'pore, delivery with compressed 
body. P. immatu'rus, delivery before the foetus 
is viable (from i6th to 28th week). P. praecipita'- 
tus, abnormally rapid delivery. P. praematu'rus, 
premature delivery (from 28th to 30th week): the 
foetus may live. P. serot'inus, delayed delivery, 
occurring after the normal period of gestation. 
P. sie'eus, delivery with abnormal dryness of the 
genitalia. [< L./>a'rar^ to bring forth.] 
par-u*li-do-don-ti'tis. Inflammation of a tooth and 
the gum. [< irapa beside + gum + bSovg 

tooth.] 

pa-ru'lis. Gum*boil; inflammation, boil, or abscess 
of the gums; “ ulcerated tooth.” ^Epulis ; peri¬ 
odontitis. [< napd near -f ovTmv gum.] 
par-um-bil'i-cal. Situated near the navel, 
pa-ru'ria. Mismicturition, or difficulty in passing 
urine. [< Tcapd amiss-foi^/oeip to pass urine.] 
par-u'ro-cyst, par-u-ro-cys'tis. A sacculation of the 
bladder forming a diverticulum, 
par-vi-du'ral artery. The small meningeal artery, 
par-vip'so-as. The psoas parvus muscle, 
par'vo-line. A ptomaine, CgHjgN, of indefinite phys¬ 
iological action, obtained from putrid mackerel or 
decaying horse*flesh. 

par'vule. A granule, pellet, or very small pill. 
Pas'cal’s law. Pressure exerted anywhere upon a 
mass of liquid is transmitted undiminished in all 
directions, and acts with the same force on all 
equal surfaces and in a direction at right angles 
to that surface. 


PASCHACHURDA 


696 


PATEFACTION 


pas-cha-chur'da. An endemic skin disease of West¬ 
ern Asia consisting of granulomata embedded in 
the corium and spread over the entire surface of 
the body. 

pas'ma, pi. pas'mata. A dusting powder. [< 
Tcdafxa sprinkling.] 

pasque flower. The popular name for Anem'one 
pulsatil'la. 

pas'sage. i. = Meatus*. 2. A moving from one 
place to another. 3. The introduction of an in¬ 
strument or probe into a cavity or canal. It is 
termed false when made through the wall, as of 
the urethra by misuse of a sound. 4. An evacu¬ 
ation of the bowels. 

Pas-sa-vant’s cushion. The thrusting out of the 
posterior pharyngeal wall during the act of swal¬ 
lowing, resulting from the action of part of the 
superior constrictor muscle. G. ’04.] 
Passiflo'ra. The typical genus of the order Pas- 
sifiora'cecB: popularly known as Passion-flower. 
Some of the species are emetic, emmenagogue, 
anthelmintic, febrifugal, and purgative; others, 
narcotic. P. incarna'ta and P. lu'tea afford a 
juice which has been used in neuralgia and in 
tetanus. [< L. pas'sio -passion+fios flower.] 
pas'sio hyster'ica. Hysteria. P. ili'aca = ileus. 
pas'sion. An affectidn; an emotion; suffering; a 
permanent affection; a violent desire. P.sfits, 
the spasms of laryngismus stridulus, from the 
supposition that they were due to anger. P.» 
flower = PASsiFLORA. [< L. pas'sio fr. pa'ii to 
suffer.] 

pas'sive. Not active; not spontaneous. This 
term is used by some pathologists in connec¬ 
tion with certain morbid conditions, such as 
congestion, dropsy, and oedema, where there is 
deficiency of vital power, either general or local, 
with a want of reaction or resistance in the 
tissues, Bier’s p. hyperemia. P. conges¬ 
tion, CONGESTION. P. hemorrhage, hemorrhage 
due to a debilitated state of the system. P. in¬ 
terval, the interval of time during which both 
the auricle and the ventricle are at rest. P. mel¬ 
ancholy, melancholy of slow chronic development 
and marked by gradual failure of the physical 
powers. P. motion, motion caused not by the pa¬ 
tient himself, but gently by another person. P. 
paederast, paederast. P. symptom = static 
SYMPTOM. [< L. passi'vus capable of suffering.] 
pas'siv-ism. A form or variety of sexual perversion 
in which the will of one person is subjected to that 
of another in sexual matters, fp^is'si-vist. 
pas'su-la, pi. -Ice. A raisin. [Contraction of L. pas'- 
sa dried in the sun, and u'vula dim. of u'va grape.] 
pas'sum. Raisin wine; vinum passum. 
pas'ta. = Paste. [L.] P. cera'ta, an ointment base 
of yellow wax, potassium carbonate, and water, 
paste. A viscous and tenacious mixture, as of flour 
and water (Flour p.) for fastening substances 
together; a mucilage; a pharmaceutical prepara¬ 
tion of sugar, gum, and water, evaporated to the 
consistence of a soft mass and usually containing 
medicinal agents. Special varieties of P. are 
Almond, Arsenical (= pate arsenicale), Bou- 
gard’s, Bourdin’s, Brooke’s, Canquoin’s, Cos¬ 
ter’s, Dupuytren’s, Fruits, Jujube, Lassar’s, 
London, Phosphorus*, Serum*, Unna’s, Vi¬ 
enna, and Ward’s. [L. pas'ta.] 
pas'tem bone. Either of the two proximal pha¬ 
langes in a horse’s foot. P.sjoint, the joint be¬ 
tween the proximal phalanx of a horse’s foot and 
the cannon bone. 


PasteursChamberland filter. A filter of unglazed 
porcelain: impervious to bacteria. 

Pasteurel'la. A generic name for a widely distrib¬ 
uted group of microbes causing a type of hemor¬ 
rhagic blood*poisoning, known as pas-teur-el-lo'- 
sis. They possess, apart from the disease*pro- 
ducing power, all the essential characteristics of 
the coccobacillus of chicken cholera. Cosmos, 
June 22, 1907.] 

pas-teu'rin. A proprietary antiseptic fluid, 
pas-teur'ism. The doctrine that the inoculation d 
the attenuated virus of a contagious or enthetie 
disease will prove protective against the disease, 
pas-teur-i-za'tion. The sterilization and preservation 
of fermentable liquids by Keating until organisms 
of fermentation are destroyed. Thus milk rapidly- 
raised to a temper¬ 
ature of 60° C. 

(140° F.) to 76° C. 

(170° F.) for 15 
minutes and quick¬ 
ly cooled, is not 
changed as in ste r- 
iLizATiON but will 
keep sweet under 
proper conditions 
for several days, 
tpas'teur-ize. pas'- 
teur-i-zer. 

Pas-teur’s fluid or 
liquid. A bacteri¬ 
ological culture* 
fluid, consisting of 
100 parts of water, 

10 parts of crystal¬ 
lized sugar, and one 
part each of ammo¬ 
nium carbonate 
and ashes of yeast. 

P.’s treat'ment. 

Rabies. 

pas'til, pas-tille'. A little lump like a lozenge; a 
troche; a compound of aromatic substances used 
in fumigation. P. paper, paper aromatized and 
burnt in fumigation. [< L. pastil'lum, dim. of 
pa'nis loaf.] 

pas-til'li. = Sugar pastilles. 
pas-ti-na'cine. A volatile liquid alkaloid from Pas- 
tina'ca sati'va, or parsnip, 
pas'turesevil. = Milk*sickness. 
pas'ty. Turgid; swollen: said of the appearance of 
lymphatic individuals or of the oedema of ne¬ 
phritis. [< L. pas'ta dough.] 
pat-ar-chur'. The plant, Plectran'tus secun'dus, of 
East India: used against strangury, 
patch. I. A small surface differentiated from that 
which surrounds it by some abnormality, as a 
DRAB*COLORED, HUTCHINSON’s, MUCOUS, OPALINE, 

or peyer’s patch. 2. A small screen worn over a 
sore eye. 

pat-chou'li, -choufly. The dried tops of Pogoste'- 
mon patchou'li, a labiate herb of East India: used 
in the manufacture of perfumery. From it is dis¬ 
tilled an ethereal oil containing the hydrocarbon 
pat-chou'lin. [Bengalese word.] 
p&te arsenicale (pat ar-se-ni-c^l). An application 
for cancers, consisting of 70 parts of cinnabar, 2a 
of dragon’s blood, and 8 of arsenous acid. [F. 
“ arsenical paste.”] 

pat-e-fac'tion. Laying open; the stretching of an 
opening so as to render it patulous or patent. 
[< L. patefa'cere to lay open.] Jpaf'e-fy-ing.' 



Louis Pasteur, French Chem¬ 
ist AND ‘Bacteriologist, 
182 2-1895. 















PATELLA 


697 


-PATHY 


Patella 

Clamp. 


pa-telTa*, gen. patel'l<s. The knee*pan, or knee-cap; 
mola; rotula. . P. cubiti, a sesamoid bone some¬ 
times found in the triceps muscle. [< L. dim. of 
pat'ina pan.] tpa-tel'lar, as P. clonus, a phenom¬ 
enon marked by clonic spasms of the 
patella, never occurring in health and 
always a sign of increased nervous irri¬ 
tability: P. facet, the smooth facet on 
the anterior surface of the lower end of 
the femur articulating with the facets 
on the posterior surface of the patella: 

P. fossa, a depression of the vitreous 
humor in which the posterior surface 
of the crystalline lens rests; the hyaloid 
fossa: P. ligament —1.10AMBNTVM pa¬ 
tellae*: P. nerve, a branch of the long 
saphenous nerve to the patellar plexus 
and the integument of the patella: P. 
plexus, a nervesplexus situated in front 
of the patella, and derived from the 
internal saphenous and the internal, 
middle, and external cutaneous nerves: 

P. reflex or tendon reflex = knee-jerk: 

P. synovial fold = synovial fold, pa- 
telTi-form. pa-tel'loid; pa-tel-loi'de an. 
pat'ent. Open; apparent; manifest; 

spreading widely. P. lint, lint made in sheets by 
machinery; sheet lint. P. medicine, a compound 
medicine for the sale of which the inventor 
or manufacturer obtains an exclusive privilege. 
[< L. pat'ens, fr. pate're to be open.] fpa'ten-cy. 
pa'ter nos'ter. i. =Jequirity. 2. Rhachitic ro¬ 
sary. [L., “ our father.”] 

path. The course or track along which a nervous 
impulse moves in either direction, afferent or effer¬ 
ent, but especially the intraspinal or intracranial 
part of such a course. 

pa-the'ma, pi. pathem'ata. Affection, suffering, or 
disease, Passion. [< affection.] fpath'- 

e-mate; path-e-mat'ic; pa-them'ic. pa-them-a- 
tol'o-gy. I. The science of the passions or affec¬ 
tions of the mind. 2. = Pathology. 
pa-then-ge-net'ic disease. A disease secondary to 
or arising from another disease, 
pa-thet'ic. Belonging to the feelings or passions. 
P. muscle, the superior oblique muscle of the eye, 
which turns the eye upward and outward. P. 
nerves, the fourth pair of nerves: so called because 
the eyes express the feelings or passions by means 
of them. [< Ttadog affection.] 
pa-thet'i-cus. The fourth cranial nerve, 
path'e-tism. Hypnotism, mesmerism, or the like. 

[< Tzddr) passive state.] fpath'e-tist. 
path'fin-der. An instrument for locating urethral 
strictures. 

path'ic. A person who allows another to practise 
some unnatural sexual act upon him. [< rcaOtKog 
remaining passive.] 
path*is-o-ther'a-py. = Isopathy. 
path'o-. Denoting suffering, disease, misery, affec¬ 
tion: a combining form. [< Trd^of disease.] path- 
osam'ine, a basic substance found in the uri¬ 
nary bladder in various diseased conditions: usu¬ 
ally quite poisonous.— path-osa-nat'o-my, patho¬ 
logical anatomy, tpath'osan-a-tom'i-cal.—path*- 
o-bi-ol'o-gy, pathdlogy viewed both as to its 
structure and its functional characters, fpath*- 
o-bi-o-log'i-cal.— path'o-gen, a disease^producing 
cause; a micro-organism causing disease; any 
pathogenic material. — path-o-gen'e-sis, -gen'- 
e-sy, pa-thog'e-ny, the origin and development of 
disease, ^^tiology. fP^th-o-gen'ic, -ge-net'- 


ic, -gen'i-cal, as P. excavation of the optic disk 
= EXCAVATION OP THE OPTIC NERVE. P. micrO^ 
organism or bacterium, a micro-organism or bac¬ 
terium which causes disease when introduced into 
the body, fpath-o-ge-nic'ity, the state of being 
pathogenic.— pa-thog'no-my, the science of in¬ 
dications or unconscious revelations of the feel¬ 
ings and passions by which disease is recognized 
or of the symptoms by which a disease is surely 
known or the presence of which excludes the 
disease {negative p.). tpa-thog-no-mon'ic; path- 
og-nos'tic. — pa-thog'ra-phy, a description or 
history of diseases.— path-o-le'si a, a condition 
of hysteria.— pa-thol'y-sis, the breaking down or 
decomposition of substances or tissues within the 
living body, as a part or a consequence of a dis¬ 
ease process.— path'o-ma ine, any one of the 
pathogenic alkaloids found in the cadaver 
path-o-ma'ni a, moral or emotional insanity.— 
pa-thom'e-try, the measurement of suffering.— 
path-o-mim'i a, a morbid mental state marked by 
uncontrollable impulses to mimic pathological 
conditions. [If L. ij. ’08.]— pa-thon'o-my, path- 
o-no'mi a, the science of the laws of disease.— 
path-o-pho'bi a. i. A morbid dread of disease; 
hypochondriasis. 2. Any morbid insane feeling 
of dread.— pa-thoph'o-rous, conveying or bring¬ 
ing disease; causing disease. — path'o-phys-i-oTo- 
gy, the science of the relations existing between 
pathological and physiological processes. — path*- 
o-poi-e'sis, causation of disease. tP^^th'o-poi- 
et'ic. 

pa-thoTo-gy. The doctrine or consideration of dis¬ 
eases and, in a broad sense, of every deviation 
from normal structure, composition, or function; 
that branch of medicine which treats of diseases, 
their origin, nature, and termination, special at¬ 
tention being paid to the disorders of function and 
alterations of structure preceding and resulting 
therefrom, Anatomy; physiology. There 
are four main divisions: (i) morbid or pathologic 
anatomy, (2) morbid or pathologic histology, (3) 
GENERAL Or EXPERIMENTAL pathology, (4) COM¬ 
PARATIVE pathology. It is also distinguished as 
Medical or Internal and Surgical or External, ac¬ 
cording as it relates to diseases which affect the 
outer or inner parts of the body. Specially named 
varieties are Animal, Cellular, Geographic, 
Gross, Humoral, Solidistic, Special, and 
Vegetable. [< irddog disease + discourse.] 

tpath-o-log'ic, -log'i-cal, as P. anatomy, ^ anat¬ 
omy: P. chemistry, the chemistry of diseased tis¬ 
sues: P. diagnosis, diagnosis of the morbid con¬ 
ditions, whether structural or functional, under¬ 
lying a diseased state: P. dislocation, a dislocation 
consecutive to the changes produced by disease: 
P. drunkenness, the temporary total amnesia, au¬ 
tomatism, or dissociation of personality produced 
by moderate amounts of alcohol in certain neu¬ 
rotic, epileptic, or traumatic cases. [Tf O. j. ’07.] 
P. histology, histology of diseased tissues: P. reflex, 
any reflex due to pathological conditions and as 
such often serving as a sign of disease: P. re¬ 
generation, regeneration by pathological rather 
than physiological processes: P. rigidity, organic 
rigidity of the cervix uteri, often due to indura¬ 
tion and hyperplasia resulting from injury in 
labor: and P. urobilin, ts- urobilin. pa-thoTo-gist. 

-pathy. I. A diseased condition, as in arthrop¬ 
athy. t"P*ithia =-PATHY. -pathic. 2. A system 
of treatment, as in osteopathy, f-path. -pathic. 
-pathist. 









PATIENT 


698 


PEBBLE 


pa'tient. A sick person; one who is being treated 
for disease. ^ Case. [< L. pa'Hens suffering.] 
patien'tiae musculus. The levator anguli scapulae 
muscle. 

pat'ten. An iron support attached under the sound 
foot, as in hipsjoint disease, to permit extension 
of the diseased limb. [< O. Fr. patin a clog.] 
Pat'terson’s powder. A mixture of bismuth subni¬ 
trate and magnesia. 

pat'u-lous. Open; spreading half open; spreading 
moderately. [< L. pat'ulus, fr. pate're to be open.] 
pau'cine. A flaky, yellow alkaloid, ^ 27 ^ 39 ^ 5 ^ 5 ' from 
the seeds of Pentacle'thra macrophyl'la of Africa. 
Paulli'nia. Guarana*. [< Paullinus, a Ger¬ 
man botanist.] 

pau-lo-car'di a. i. A subjective sensation of tem¬ 
porary interruption of the heart=beat, sometimes 
met with in gastric neurasthenia. 2. Abnormal 
slowness of the heartsbeat. [< Tcav 7 ia pause + 
Kapdia heart.] 

Paul’s sign. A feeble apexsimpulse and a strong 
impulse over the remainder of the heart, due to 
pericardial adhesion. 

paunch. The stomach; the belly, especially the first 
and greatest stomach of a ruminant animal, 
pau-si-lyp'tic. Checking or easing pain. [< Trat^eiv 
to check + TiViTT] pain.] 

pau-si-me'ni a. The menopause; the final cessation 
of the menstrual function, 
pave'ment epithelium. Any variety of epithelium 
presenting a more or less regular mosaic of sur- 
facescells; usually, however, applied to epithelium 
composed of layers of flattened cells, 
pa'vi-in. = Fraxin. 

pa-vil'ion. An expanded or flaring extension at the 
end of a passage, especially the P. of the ear or 
auricle. P. of the fallopian tube, the fimbriated 
extremity of the fal¬ 
lopian tube. P. of 
the pelvis, the upper, 
flaring portion of the 
pelvis. 

Pavlof’s lesser stomach 

(pav-lofs). A sepa- 
tate sac made from 
part of the stomach, 
communicating with 
the exterior, and 
used for studying 
digestion. P.’s psy¬ 
chic secretion, the in¬ 
creased secretion of 
the digestive juices 
on the sight, smell, or 
taste of properly prepared food, the secretion 
varying with the different kinds of food., 
pa'vor noctur'nus. The sudden starting of children 
during sleep; night terrors. [L.] fP^^’vor-e-ger'- 
si a, ^ N yctegersia. 

Pavy’s disease (p6'vfz). Albuminuria which has a 
tendency to recur at regular intervals; cyclic 
albuminuria. P.’s solution, a solution of copper 
sulphate, Rochelle salt, and ammonia: a modifi¬ 
cation of Fehling’s solution, in which ammonia 
takes the place of sodium hydrate, 
paw'paw. = Papaw. 

pax'ine. A proprietary sedative and vermifuge for 
infants. Dose, 0.6 to 4 Cc. (10 to 60 mins.). 
Pax'ton’s disease. = Trichorrhexis nodosa. 
pax'swax. =Ligamentum nuch..®. 

Pay'tasbark. A variety of pale cinchona bark found 
at Payta, a Peruvian seaport, from which are 


obtained the alkaloids pay'tam-ine and pay'tine. 
Pb. The chemical symbol for lead (L. plum'hum). 
PD. Abbr. for prism diopter. 

Pd. The chemical symbol for palladium. 
peach. The fruit of Amyg'dalus per'sica, a small 
tree, native of Persia or China. P.sbrandy, a kind 
of brandy distilled from the juice of peaches. P.s 
fever, a catarrhal inflammation of the respiratory 
surfaces and papular eruption on the arms and 
face, caused by irritation of the “fuzz” of the 
peach. P.stree, Amyg'dalus per'sica. Its leaves 
have been used as a laxative, sedative, and an¬ 
thelmintic. 

Pdan’s operation (pe-ahz). i. Removal of uterine 
fibroids by laparotomy. 2. Pylorectomy by a 
vertical parietal incision in the middle line. 3. 
Removal of a carcinomatous uterus, per vaginam, 
bit by bit. 4. Amputation at the hip*joint in 
which the vessels are caught as the operation 
proceeds. P.’s position, one in which the operator 
sits in an elevated position between the patient’s 
legs to observe the peritoneal cavity, 
pea'nut. =Ground*nut. P. oil, groundsnut. 
pearses'sence. An ethyl and amyl acetate mixture, 
pearl. i. A small calcareous concretion found in the 
shells of various bivalve mollusks, especially the 
mother*of*pearl oyster: valued as a gem and em¬ 
ployed in the Orient as a stimulant, restorative, 
and rejuvenescent, but of no medicinal value ex¬ 
cept as antacid, r®-E pithelial; Epstein’s; and 
Laennec’s ps. 2. = Pearl eye. 3. A capsule for 
the administration of disagreeable medicines, as 
pearls of amyl nitrite. 4. = Pearly sputa. P.s 
ash, impure potassium carbonate, prepared by 
dissolving potash, allowing the grosser impurities 
to subside, evaporating the solution, and heating 
to dryness. P. disease, i. Bovine tuberculosis. 
2. Pearly tuberculous nodules on serous surfaces: 
usually in cattle. P. eye, a cataract; an eye 
affected with a cataract. P. tapioca, tapioca 
in small, round, and regular*sized grains. P. 
tumor. I. Cholesteatoma: a tumor of a whit¬ 
ish, laminated appearance, resembling sper¬ 
maceti and containing crystals of choles- 
terin: found in the pia mater, at the base of 
the brain, but rarely in other situations. 2. = 
Psammoma. P.sworkers’ disease = mother*of* 
PE.'VRL osteomyelitis, tpearl'y, as P. bodies = 
EPITHELIAL PEARLS', P. nodule, any one of the 
nodules found in the organs of cows suffering 
from bovine tuberculosis: P. sputa, sputa contain¬ 
ing tough masses of mucus, the size of a pea, 
expectorated in chronic bronchitis: P. tubercle = 
MILIARY tubercle: and P.iwmor = pearl tumor. 
Pear'son’s (arsenical) solution. A i: 600 aqueous 
solution of crystallized sodium arsenate. 
Peas'lee’s operation. Superficial tracheotomy, 
pea'ssoup stools. Stools resembling pea*soup in color 
and consistence: seen in typhoid fever, 
peat. The natural accumulation of vegetable mat¬ 
ter, mostly occurring on the surface of a bog or 
moor. When dried, it is used as fuel. It is also 
made into poultices. P.sbath, a mud*bath made 
of peat and water. P.scharcoal, charred peat, 
used as a disinfectant and deodorizer, 
peau d’orange (p6 do-rahj) .* The thickened and 
finely pitted skin over certain rapidly growing 
neoplasms: due to lymph stasis from obstruc¬ 
tion, with a binding down of the epidermis by 
the hair follicles. [F., “orange peel.” ^ L. ij. ’09.] 
peb'ble. Clear quartz used for lenses. P. calculus, 
an oval urate calculus. 



Pavlof’s Lesser Stomach. 
—v. Cavity of the stomach, 
s. Isolated surface, a. An¬ 
terior abdominal wall. i. 
Serous coat. 2. Muscular 
coat. 3. Mucous coat. 


PEBRINE 


699 


PEDAL 


peb'rine. An infectious disease of silkworms, in 
which the body becomes filled with shining bodies 
{cornalian corpuscles) which are a low order of 
bacteria or fungi. [ F. /. A. M. A. Apr. 8,’05.] 
tpeb'ri-nous. 

pec'cant. Morbid; unhealthy; offending, 
pech-y-ag'ra. Gout or gout^like pain in the elbow 
or forearm. [< forearm + aypa seizure.] 

pe-cil'o-. For words beginning thus see pcecilo-. 
Peck'lin’s glands. =Peyer’s glands. 

Pecquet’s cistern or reservoir (pe-cez). The recep- 
taculum chyli. P.’s duct, the thoracic duct, 
pec'tase. m- Pectose. 

pec'ten. i. The os pubis, which is a distinct bone 
in the fetal pelvis. 2. A peculiar plicated process 
within the eye of birds extending from the poste¬ 
rior pole toward the lens. P. pu'bis = pectineal 
LINE. P. scle'rae = SCLERAL RIM. [L., “comb.”] 
pec'tic acid and pec'tin. Substances found in many 
kinds of fruit and vegetables and forming the 
basis of their jellies. Pectin becomes parapectin 
by boiling with water, pectin sugar = pectinose. 
[< TTTjKTog congealed.] fpcc'tate. pec-tin-a'ceous. 
pec-ti-nae'us, pec-ti-na'lis. = Pectineus. 
pec'tin-ase. A ferment coagulating all the pectins 
and dissolving pectins coagulated by pectase: 
found in most plants. Dl. ’06.] 
pec'ti-nate. Comb=like. P. ligament of the iris, 
bands of elastic tissue extending between the ad¬ 
jacent borders of the iris and the cornea; ligamen- 
tum pectinatum iridis*. P. muscles = musculi 
PECTiNATi. P. zone, the upper surface of the 
basilar membrane, external to the organ of Corti. 
pec-ti-ne'al. i. Belonging to the pecten, or os 
pubis. 2. Combslike. P. crest = P. line. P. 
crural hernia = Cloquet’s hernia. P. eminence, 
a small eminence on the os pubis to which part of 
the pubofemoral ligament is attached. P. fascia, 
the pubic portion of fascia lata*; fascia pec¬ 
tineal. P. hernia, posterior femoral hernia. P. 
line or ridge, the pubic portion of the iliopecti- 
neal line; linea pectinea*. P. muscle = pecti¬ 
neus. [< L. pec'ten os pubis.] 
pec-ti-ne*o-fem'o-ral band. A narrow set of liga¬ 
mentous fibres attached above to the anterior 
edge of the pectineal eminence and below to the 
neck of the femur, blending with the fibres of the 
iliofemoral band. 

pec-ti-ne'us. i . A muscle arising from the pectineal 
line and inserted on the femur below the lesser 
trochanter; M. pectineus*. It flexes, adducts, 
and slightly rotates outward the thigh. 2. A 
branch of the anterior crural nerve to the pecti¬ 
neus muscle. [L.] 

pec-tin'ic acid. A colorless, jelly-like compound, 

^ 32 ^ 22 ^ 31 ’ ^ 32 ^ 28^28 

pec'ti-ni-form. Comb-shaped. P. septum = Sep¬ 
tum PECTiNiFORME. [< L. pec'ten comb + -form.] 
pec'ti-nose. An artificial sugar derived from pectin; 
pectin sugar. 

pec'to-ral. Belonging to the breast or chest; good 
for coughs and other diseases of the breast or 
chest; bechic. P. aorta, the thoracic aorta. P. 
arch, the arch by which the arm is connected 
with the axial skeleton , shoulder=girdle; cingulum 
extremitatis superioris*. It is formed by the 
clavicle and scapula. P. artery, i. A branch of 
the acromiothoracic artery to the pectoral mus¬ 
cles and the mammary gland. 2. A branch of 
the anterior circumflex artery to the pectoralis 
major muscle. P. drops = tinctura pectoralis. 
P. fascia, superficial fascia continuous with the 


superficial cervical and abdominal fascia, cover¬ 
ing the anterior wall of the thorax; fascia pec¬ 
toralis*. P. fremitus, vibration of the chest- 
walls in'speaking or singing. P. fruits, a mixture 
of true currants, jujubes, dates, and figs in equal 
parts. P. girdle = P arch. P. glands, lymphatic 
glands situated along the long thoracic artery; 
iymphoglandulae pectorales*. P. herbs, any herbs 
good in a pectoral disease, but especially colt’s* 
foot, Tussila'go far'fara, and Gnapha'lium dioi'- 
ca. P. lozenges, lozenges for coughs and dis¬ 
eases of the chest, each containing of ipe¬ 

cac, gj-_ of antimony, and ^^3 gr. of morphine; 
Jackson’s pectoral lozenges. P. muscle = pecto¬ 
ralis, def. 2. P. nerves, the cutaneous branches 
of the thoracic intercostal nerves. P. ridge = bi¬ 
cipital ridge, anterior. P. species or tea, a 
mixture of colt’s*foot, orris, liquorice, mullein- 
flowers, althaea, anise, etc., used in pectoral com¬ 
plaints. P. tincture = TiNCTURA pectoralis. P. 
tubercle, the clavicular tubercle for attachment 
of the pectoralis major. [< L. pec'tus breast.] 

pec-to-ral'gi a. Pain in the breast. 

pec-to-ra'lis. i. = Pectoral. 2. The pectoralis 
major muscle. P. ma'jor, a muscle arising from 
the inner half of the clavicle, all the edge of the 
sternum, and the cartilages of the second to the 
sixth ribs, and inserted into the outer border of 
the bicipital groove of the humerus and adjacent 
fibrous structures; M. pectoralis major*. It ad¬ 
ducts, flexes, and rotates inward the arm. P. 
min'imus, an occasional muscle arising from the 
first rib and inserted into the coracoid process. 
P. mi'nor, a muscle arising from the third, fourth, 
and fifth ribs and inserted into the coracoid proc¬ 
ess of the scapula; M. pectoralis minor*. It 
draws the shoulder*bone forward and downward 
and elevates the ribs. 

pec'to-rals. Medicines which relieve disorders of 
the chest or lungs. 

pec-to-ril'o-quism, -ril'o-quy. A form or symptom 
of disease in which the voice of the patient seems 
to issue from the breast through the stethoscope. 
It is a physical sign connected with the resonance 
caused by a cavity in the substance of the lungs 
produced by abscess. ^Baccelli’s sign; whis¬ 
pering p. [< L. pec'tus breast-fto speak.] 

pec-to-roph'o-ny. Exaggerated vocal resonance 
heard in auscultation. 

pec'tose. An important proximate principle of vege¬ 
table bodies which abounds in unripe fruits and in 
roots, having associated with it pec'tase, a nitrog¬ 
enous ferment. It is stated that all the gelati¬ 
nous constituents of fruits proceed from pectose, 
which is extremely perishable or easily alterable. 
By action of dilute watery alkalies on it pec-to- 
sin'ic acid, Cg4H4gOg2. an amorphous compound, is 
formed. tP®c'to-sate. 

pec-tun'cu-lus. Any one of a number of minute 
longitudinal ridges on the wall of the aqueduct of 
Sylvius. [L., dim. of pec'ten comb.] 

pec'tus*, gen. pec'toris. That part of the body which 
is between the neck and the abdomen; the breast, 
or chest; the thorax. P. carina'tum, keeled 
breast, ^ CHICKEN breast. [L.] fP^c'tous. 

pe'dal. Pertaining to the foot. P. aponeurosis, the 
dorsal fascia of the foot. P. artery, the dorsal 
artery of the foot. P. system, one of the systems 
of ganglia and longitudinal fibres of the brain, in¬ 
cluding the pyramidal tract, the anterior cortical 
fibres, the posterior cortical fibres, the caudate 
nucleus, and part of the lenticular nucleus. 


PEDATROPHY 


700 


PEGMA 





Flower, 
WITH Ped¬ 
icle, p. 


pe-dat'ro-phy. =P^datrophy. 
pe'de-rast. = Pederast. 
pe-de'sis. = Brownian movement. 
leaping.] tP®“det'ic. 

pe-di-al'gi a. Neuralgic affection of the foot; meta- 
tarsalgia. [< TietYiov foot + a'Ayo^ pain.] 
pe-di-at'rics. = Pediatrics. tP®- 
di-a-tri'ci an. J.A.M.A. ij. ’o6.] 
ped'i-cel. A small peduncle; a pedi¬ 
cle. tp®d'i-cel-late. 
ped'i-cle. i. The stump or stalk of 
a tumor or plant; the neck, or 
isthmus, by which certain tumors 
are connected with the body. 2. 

One of a pair of processes ex¬ 
tending backward from the body 
of a vertebra. [< L. pedic'lus, 
pedic'ulus foot^stalk.] tP®“dic'u- 
late. 

pe-dic'te-rus. == Icterus neonatorum. 
pe-dic'u-lar. Caused by lice or infested by lice, 
pe-dic-u-la'tion. i. A state of disease in which lice 
are constantly breeding on the skin. [< L. pe¬ 
dic'ulus louse.] 2. The process of forming a ped¬ 
icle. [< Pedicle.] 

pe-dic'u-lin. A proprietary preparation of crude 
naphthalene and chalk: used against lice, 
pe-dic'u-lo-fron'tal and pe-dic’u-lo-pa-ri'e-tal sec¬ 
tions. PiTRES’S sections. 

Pediculoi'des ventrico'sus. A species of mite some¬ 
times attacking those engaged in handling grain 
or sleeping on infected straw mattresses. 
pe-dic’U-lo-pho'bi a. Morbid dread of becoming 
lousy. [< L. pedic'ulus louse -1- ^d/ 3 of fear.] 
pe-dic-u-lo'sis. = Phthiriasis. 
pe-dic'u-lus. i. A pedicle. 2. A genus of parasitic 
animals; the Iquse. is- Dermatozoon ; ectozoon ; 
PHTHIRIASIS. P. cap'itis, 
the common louse infest¬ 
ing the head; head^louse. 

P. cor'poris = P. vesti- 
MENTi. P. inguinaTis or 
pu'bis, crabslouse, a species 
of louse found chiefly on the 
pubes, sometimes in the 
hair of the axilla and eye¬ 
brows, distinguished by the 
cheliform structure of its 
legs; Phthir'ius inguina'lis 
(pu'bis). It causes severe 
itching, and frequently in¬ 
duces local prurigo. Clean¬ 
liness and dusting the part 
with calomel mixed with 
starch powder, are nearly 
always efficacious in cases 
of this kind. P. vestimen'ti, 
the clothesdouse, or body* 
louse. [Dim. of L. pes foot.] 
ped'i-cure. i. The professional care of the feet. 

= Chiropodist. [< L. pes ioot -\-cu'ra care.] 
ped'i-gree. Ancestry; lineage; genealogy; a record 
of descent or genealogy, 
ped-i-lu'vi um. A bath for the feet. 

Pediococ'cus. A genus of micro*organisms marked 
by the cocci being arranged in sets of four, form¬ 
ing squares. P. a'cidi lac'tici, a species found in 
malt smash and hay decoction and generating lac¬ 
tic acid. P. al'bus, a non*pathogenic species found 
in spring water. P. auranti'acus, a species found 
in water and in gardenssoil, and forming an 
orangesyellow pigment. P. cerevis'iae, a species 



Pediculus Vestimen- 
ti. Female. X about 
15 - 


2. 


found in beer, generating traces of lactic acid. P. 
maggio'rae, a nonspathogenic species found in the 
nasal passages and in the skin of the foot, and 
forming an orangesyellow pigment. [< necViov 
plain -t- coccus.] 

pe'di on. i. The sole of the foot. [< neSiov plain.] 
2. =Pedion. [ Gr. fr. nalg child.] 
ped‘i-o-nal'gi a. Pain in the sole of the foot. [< 
Tcediov the front part of the footpain.] 
ped*i-o-neu-ral'gi a. = Pedialgia. 
pe-di'tis. Inflammation of a horse’s foot affecting 
both the laminae, the periosteum, and the coffin 
bone. [< L. pes foot.] 

pe'do-. For words beginning thus see Pedo-. 
ped*o-dy-na-mom'e-ter. A foot dynamometer; an 
instrument for measuring the strength of the leg. 
pe-dun'cle. A stalk which supports; one of the 
numerous crura connected with the appendages 
of the brain; the root of a lung, etc. P. of floc¬ 
culus = pedunculus FLOccuLi*. Ps. of the cere¬ 
bellum, three pairs of bundles of nervesfibres 
which connect the cerebellum with the other chief 
divisions of the brain. They are distinguished as 
superior (crura ad cerebrum), middle (crura ad 
pontem), and inferior (crura ad medullam), con¬ 
necting respectively the cerebellum and cerebrum, 
the two hemispheres of the cerebellum, and the 
cerebellum and medulla oblongata. P. of the 
cerebrum = crus cerebri. P. of the corpus cal¬ 
losum, either of the diverging bands of white mat¬ 
ter continued from the rostrum across the ante¬ 
rior perforated space to the tip of the temporal 
lobe. P. of the optic thalamus, the radiating 
fibres connecting the optic thalamus with the 
hemispheres of the brain; stylus. P. of the pineal 
body, the white band extending forward from each 
side of the pineal body along the edge of the third 
ventricle. P. of the spinal cord, the inferior cere¬ 
bellar peduncle. [< L. pedun'cuius, dim. of pes 
foot.] tp®-dun'cled, pe-dun'cu-late, or pe-dun'- 
cu-la-ted, as P. hydatid, a stalked hydatid. ^ 
Hydatid of morgagni, def. i. tP®"dun'cu-lar, 
as P. arteries, arterial branches supplying the 
crura cerebri, and including the medial p. artery, 
arising from the posterior communicating artery, 
and the lateral p. artery, arising from the poste¬ 
rior cerebral or choroid artery: P. laminae, the 
laminae forming the portion of the pineal body 
above the recessus pinealis: P. /oo/> = ansa pe- 
DUNCULARis*: P. sulcus, the great horizontal fis¬ 
sure of the cerebellum. 

pedun'culus. = Peduncle. P. cer'ebri* = crus 
CEREBRI. P. cona'rii = PEDUNCLE OF THE PINEAL 
BODY. P. floc'culi*, a band of white matter con¬ 
necting the flocculus with the nodule on the infe¬ 
rior surface of the cerebellum. P. hypophy'seos, 
the narrow stem by which the pituitary body is 
attached to the infundibulum of the brain. [L.] 
peel'ing. Desquamation, as in scarlet fever, 
pee'nash. An East Indian name for rhinitis due to 
the larvae of certain insects in the nose, 
peg'a-moid. A preparation of collodion: used as an 
application to textile fabrics. 

Peg'anum har'mala. =Harmel 
peg cells. = Pin CELLS. 

peg'sleg. A wooden leg of rude or simple form, 
peg'steeth. =Pegstop teeth. 

P®gg®d teeth. Teeth covered with pegslike processes, 
due to the destruction of the enamel. 
p®g'ma, pi. peg'mata. i. A clot, or coagulum. 2. 
That which causes a coagulation or clotting. [L., 
fr. TzijyvvvaL to make hard.] tP®g-niat'ic. 






PEGOLOGY 


701 


PELVI- 


pe-gol'o-gy. The science of medicinal springs. [< 
spring + Myoq treatise.] 

peg'stop teeth. Teeth of which the base is larger 
than'the crown: seen in hereditary syphilis, 
pei-no-ther'a-py. = Hunger cure. [< Tretm hun¬ 
ger -H depaTTEveiv to cure.] 

pe-la'da, pe-lade. = Alopecia areata, especially 
that of syphilitic origin. 

pe-la-de'ro. A South American name for a species 
of maize ergot affecting the skin and causing a 
loss of the hair and nails. [ < Sp. pelar to pluck.] 
pelage (pf-lazh). The hairy system of the body 
taken as a whole. [F.] 

pe-la'gi a. A scaly erysipelatous eruption on the 
face or hands, Pellagra. 
pel-ar-gon'ic acid. An acid, C^HjgOg, from oil of 
pelargonium. P. ether = ethyl pelargonate. 
Pelargo'nium. A genus of geraniaceous plants. 
P. odoratis'simum, rose geranium, which affords a 
volatile oil like the oil of rose and is used in per¬ 
fumery. [< TTe?iapy6g stork.] 
pel'i-can. An antiquated form of tooth forceps, 
pel'i-co-. For words beginning thus see pelyco-. 
pe-lid-no'ma, pi. -no'wa/a. =Pelioma. [Gr.] 
pel-i-o'ma, pi. -o'mata. A lividity; a spot stained 
by extravasated blood. P. typho'sum, various^ 
sized bluish=red spots on the body and extremi¬ 
ties occurring in typhoid fever and other diseases, 
pel-i-o'sis. I. Purpura, or a disease characterized 
bypeliomata. 2. A livid spot; pelioma. P.seni'- 
lis, minute hemorrhagic spots on the skin of old 
marantic persons. P.rheumat'ica = ScHdNLEiN’s 

DISEASE. [ircAiWa^f.] 

pel-lag'ra. A disease endemic in certain parts of 
Southern Europe, and while long existing in the 
Southern States in America has 
but recently been diagnosed there; 

Lombardy leprosy ;'maidism; may- 
idismus. Since 1907 it has spread 
rapidly to 
other po r- 
tions of the 
country. The 
disease, b e - 
ginning with 
a quickly 
spreading, 
shining red 
spot on the 
head or body, 
is attended 
with muscu¬ 
lar weakness, 
chronic diar¬ 
rhoea, usually 
with amoebi- 
asis, maras¬ 
mus, and ner¬ 
vous symp¬ 
toms that 
may lead to 
dementia. 

The actinic rays seem to excite the dermatitis. 
Pellagra has long been supposed in some way to 
be associated with the eating of damaged or dis¬ 
eased maize, but recently (1910) Sambon heading 
the Pellagra Investigation Committee has ad¬ 
vanced strong arguments to show that the disease 
is due to the bite of a previously infected sand^fly, 
the Simu'lium reptans. isf* Acrodynia ; blind 
staggers; ergotism. P. si'nepellag'ra, pellagra 
without eruption on the skin. Typhoid p., a form 






Pellagra. —a. Acute form in a girl, 
b. Chronic form in an adult. 


with very high temperature: usually fatal. [ < L. 
pel'lis, skin -|- aypa seizure.] fpel-lag'ra-gen-ic, 
producing pellagra, pel-lag'ral. pel-lag'rin, a per¬ 
son affected with pellagra. pel-la-groFo-gist. 
pel-lag-ro-sa'ri um, a detention hospital for the 
treatment of those affected with pellagra, pel- 
lag'rose, affected with pellagra, pel-lag'rous. 
pel-la-gro'ce-ine, -gra'ce-ine, -gro'ce-in. A poison¬ 
ous ptomaine found in decomposed corn meal and 
supposed to be concerned in causing pellagra, 
pelda-gro-ty'phus. = Typhoid pellagra. 
pel'lant. A depurant medicine, 
pel-len'ti a. Abortifacients. 
pellet. A little pill. 

pel-let’i-e-ri'nae tan'nas*. Pelletierine tannate, a 
mixture in varying proportions of the tannates of 
punicine,iso5punicine, methybpunicine, andpseu- 
dospunicine, obtained from Pu'nica grana'tum : 
used as a taenifuge. Dose, 0.250 Gm. (4 grs.). 
pel-letl-e-rine, pel-le-tier'ine, pel-le-ter'ine. ts- Pel- 
LETiERiN^ TANNAS*. Besides the tannate, the 
hydrobromide, the sulphate, hydrochloride, etc., 
are also used. [< Pelletier, a French chemist.] 
pelli-cle. A very thin skin; a film on the surface 
of fluids; slender membranous productions. [< 
L. pellic'ula, little skin.] tP®l~lic'u-lar, -lous. 
pel'lis. The cutis, or skin. [L.] 
pelli-to-ry. t®- Parietaria and pyrethrum*. 
pello-tine. An alkaloid, CjjHjgNOg, from Anhalo'- 
nium william'si, a Mexican cactus. It causes 
drowsiness and sleep followed by nausea. Dose, 
0.015 Gm. (i gr.). 

pel-lu'cid. Translucent; pervious to light, or trans¬ 
parent; limpid. P. zone = ZONA PELLUCiDA. 
pel-matlc. Relating to the sole of the foot, 
pel-mat'o-gram. A footprint; an impression made 
by the sole. [< TreXpa sole + ypdppa mark.] 
pel-o-hae'mi a. A thick state of the blood, 
pel-o-myx'a. A micro*organism. [T[ /. M. ’06.] 
pe-lop'a-thy. = Pelotherapy. 
pel'or. =Peloron. [< monster.] tP®-lor'ic. 

pe-lo'ron. A monster or monstrosity, especially an 
oversized monster. [< rreXupov monster.] 
pe-lo'sine. A powerful colorless alkaloid base from 
the root of Cissam'pelos parei'ra. 
pe-lote. A pad or button, as that of a truss which 
rests upon the opening of the rupture or the cuff 

of the SPHYGMOMANOMETER. [F.] 

pe-lo-ther'a-py. Treatment with earth or mud; pe¬ 
lopathy. [< TTTj'kog mud + depanevELv to heal.] 
pelotonnement (pe- 16 -ton-moh). The assumption of 
a balblike or globular form by the uterus during 
its expulsive contractions. [F.] 

P^louse and Moore’s test (pe-luz and morz). A test 
for sugar in the urine, made by boiling with a 
solution of potash, cooling, and adding a drop of 
concentrated sulphuric acid, when the odor of 
burnt sugar will be given off. 
pel-ta'tion. The protection induced by serumain- 
oculation. [< L. pel'ia shield.] 

Peltig'era. A genus of lichens. P. aphtho'sa is an¬ 
thelmintic and cathartic; P. cani'na was once re¬ 
garded as a cure for rabies. 
pel*ve-o-per-i-to-ni'tis. = Pelviperitonitis. 
pel-ve-os'co-py. Examination of the pelvis; pelvim¬ 
etry. tpel've-o-scope. 

pel'vi-. Relating to the pelvis; pelyco-: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< L. pel'vis a basin.] pel-vi-a'ri um, 
a model of the pelvis used for demonstrating its 
anatomy and functions.— pel'vi-cel-lu-li'tis = 
PELVIC cellulitis. — pel’vi-cli-se-om'e-ter, an ap¬ 
paratus for measuring the pelvic inclination and 






PELVIC 


702 


PELVIS 


diameters.— pel-vid'y-mus, a double monster 
united at the pelvis.— pel'vi-fix-a'tion, the surgical 
fixation of a misplaced pelvic organ.— pel'vi-gram, 
an outline of the pelvic contours.— pel-vig'ra-phy, 
the construction of an out¬ 
line representing the pelvic 
cavity. tp®l^vi-graph.— 
pel* vi-men-su-ra'tion = 

PELVIMETRY. — pcl-vim'e- 
ter, an obstetrical instru¬ 
ment for measuring the ca¬ 
pacity or diameters of the 
pelvis.— pel-vim'e-try, the 
obstetrical measurement of 
the pelvis. It may be per¬ 
formed with the hand {Dig¬ 
ital or manual p.) or with a 
pelvimeter {Instrumental 
p.). When the measure¬ 
ments are made on the 
outside of the body it is 
External p.; when within 
the vagina, Internal p.; and 
when both within the va¬ 
gina and outside of the 
body, Combined p. — pel-vi- 
my'on, a myon of the pelvic 
arch.— pel*vi-o-per*i-to-ni'tis = pelviperitoni¬ 
tis. — pel-vi-os'co-py = pelveoscopy. — pel-vi- 
ot'o-my, section of the bones of the pelvis.— pel*- 
vi-per-i-to-ni'tis, inflammation of the peritoneal 
covering of all the pelvic organs.— pel*vi-pros- 
tat'ic fascia, a layer of fascia given off from the 
rectovesical fascia, forming a sheath for the pros¬ 
tate gland.— pel-vi-rec'tal, relating to both the 
pelvis and the rectum.— pel-vi-sa'crum, the pelvis 
and sacrum considered as a whole. tp®l“Vi-sa'- 
cral.— pel-vit'o-my = pelviotomy. 
pel'vic. Relating to the pelvis. P. abscess, suppu¬ 
rative inflammation of the connective tissue of 
the pelvic canal. P. aneurism, one situated with¬ 
in the pelvis. P. arch, the arch of bone by which 
the pelvic limb is joined to the axial skele¬ 
ton ; the pelvic girdle; cingulum extremitatis infe- 
rioris*. In man it is formed by the hip=bone. 
P. axis, an imaginary line passing through the 
centre of the planes of the inlet, outlet, and cavity 
of the pelvis, generally parallel to the face of the 
sacrum and coccyx; axis pelvis*. P. canal, the 
cavity of the true pelvis; the parturient canal. 
P. cavity, the space between the pelvic inlet and 
outlet ; cavum pelvis'*. P. cellulitis, inflammation 
of the cellular tissue surrounding the pelvic organs 
in both the male and the female, but much more 
frequently in the latter, and therefore more espe¬ 
cially of the areolar tissue in connection with the 




Pelvic Inlet. 



Pelvic Outlet. 


uterus. P. diameters, i. {Of the inlet.) An an¬ 
teroposterior, conjugate, or sacropubic, from the 
upper edge of the promontory of the sacrum to a 


point oneseighth of an inch below the upper bor¬ 
der of the symphysis pubis; a transverse, from 
side to side at the widest point; an oblique, be¬ 
tween the sacrosiliac synchondrosis and the ilio¬ 
pubic ridge. 2. {Of the outlet.) An anteroposte¬ 
rior, from the tip of the coccyx to the subpubic 
ligament; a transverse, between the ischial tube¬ 
rosities ; an oblique, from the under surface of the 
sciatic ligaments to the junction of the ischiopubic 
rami. P. diaphragm, the muscular floor of the 
pelvis; diaphragma pelvis*. P. fascia, a thin mem¬ 
brane lining the cavity of the pelvis; fascia pelvis*. 
P. floor, the muscles, skin, and fascia which close 
the lower opening of the pelvis. P. girdle, the 
PELVIC ARCH ; cingulum extremitatis inferioris*. P. 
haematocele, an effusion of blood into the perito¬ 
neal cavity or into the areolar tissue immediately 
beneath the peritoneum. P. hernia, protrusion of 
some portion of the pelvic contents through an 
opening below the brim of the true pelvis, as peri¬ 
neal and pudendal hernias. P. index, the ratio of 
the anteroposterior to the transverse diameter of 
the pelvis. P. inlet, the superior strait of the 
pelvis. P. limb, the limb attached to the pelvic 
arch. P. lymphangitis, inflammation of the lym¬ 
phatic vessels surrounding the pelvic organs. 
P. organs, the organs situated in the pelvis. P. 
outlet, the inferior strait of the pelvis. P. perito¬ 
nitis, cr- peritonitis. P. plexus, a continuation 
of the hypogastric plexus downward along the in¬ 
ternal iliac arteries. P. pole, the pelvic end of a 
foetus. P. presentation, presentation of the pelvic 
pole of the foetus. P. region, the region within 
the true pelvis. P. surgery, surgery in the re¬ 
gion of the pelvis: chiefly gynaecological and ob¬ 
stetrical. P. version, version by manipulation of 
the breech. 

pel'vis*. The osseous cavity forming the lowest part 
of the trunk, being bounded behind by the sa¬ 
crum and 6occyx at the sides, and in front by the 
ossa innominata. The term is also applied to any 
basinslike structure resembling the bony pelvis, 
as P. of the kidney. The bony pelvis is subject 
to many malformations, among the most impor¬ 
tant of which are: Beaked { = rostrate). Caout¬ 
chouc ( = indiasrubber). Cordate or cordiform, 
CoxALGic, Dwarf, Dynamic, Elastic (=mala- 
costeon). Fetal (= funnelsshaped). Fissured, 
Funnelsshaped, Giant (=P. ^quabiliter jus- 
To major), Hauder’s (=P. spinosa), India* 
RUBBER, Inverted (= split), Kilian’s, Kyphotic, 
Lordosic, Malacosteon, AI asculine (= fun¬ 
nelsshaped), Nagele’s, Oblique ( = Nagele’s), 
Osteomalacic ( = malacosteon), Prague ( = 
spondylolisthetic), Pseudososteomalacic, Re¬ 
duced, Reniform, Rhachitic, Roberts’s, Ro¬ 
kitansky's (= SPONDYLOLISTHJETIC), RoSTRATE, 
Round, Rubber (= malacosteon). Scoliotic, 
Simple flat. Split, Spondylolisthetic, Tri¬ 
angular, Triradiate ( = rostrate), and Unde¬ 
veloped (= FUNNELSSHAPED). P. aequabil'itcr 
jus'to ma'jor, a pelvis equally enlarged in all di¬ 
ameters. P. aequabil'iter jus'to mi'nor, a pelvis 
equally diminished in all diameters. P. ce'rea, an 
osteomalacic pelvis the bones of which are very 
soft. False p.,the upper part of the pelvis above 
the brim. P. ma'jor*, false pelvis. P. mi'nor*, 
true PELVIS. P. na'na, a dwarf pelvis. P. ova'lis, 
a basinslike depression of the inner tympanic wall, 
having at the bottom the fenestra ovalis. P. 
rena'lis*, the pelvis of the kidney, a basin*like sac 
in the kidney whose outlet is the ureter. P. 







PELYCO- 


703 


PENIS 


spino'sa, a rhachitic pelvis the pubic crest of 
which is very sharp and presents a spine at the 
point of insertion of the parvipsoas. True p., the 
lower part of the pelvis below the brim, enclosing 
the pelvic cavity. [ L., “a basin.” ] 
pel'y-co-. Relating to the pelvis; pelico-; pelvi-: a 
combining form. [< 7 ze%v^ pelvis.] pehy-co-chi- 
ro-me-tre'sis, estimation of the pelvic diameters 
and pelvic spaces by means of the hand.— pel-y- 
cog'ra-phy, descriptive pelycology. — pel-y-col'- 
®“Sy» science or study of the pelvis; a 

treatise on the pelvis.— pel-y-com'e-ter, a pel¬ 
vimeter or pelicometer. tpel-y-com'e-try.— pel- 
y-cot'o-my, pelviotomy or symphyseotomy, 
pel-y-kal'gi a. Pain in the pelvis, 
pem'mi-can. A kind of meat biscuit, originally pre¬ 
pared by North American Indians, 
pem'phi-gus. A disease marked by an eruption of 
vesicles from the size of a pea to that of a walnut, 
generally accompanied by fever, Pompholyx. 
P. acu'tus, a variety running its course rapidly, 
occurring chiefly in children. P. arthrit'icus = 
DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS. P. benig'nus, a vari¬ 
ety marked by mild symptoms. P. circina'tus, a 
form in which new bullae develop in a circle around 
the older ones. P. contagio'sa, a form endemic in 
tropical countries. P. diphtherit'icus, a variety 
in which the bases of the bullae are surrounded 
with a yellowishswhite epidermic layer. P. dis- 
semina'tus, a form with numerous, scattered blebs. 
P. foli'acus, a variety characterized by flaccid, 
pustular vesicles, spreading over the entire skin 
and always terminating in death. P. framboesioi'- 
des = P. VEGETANS. P. gangraeno'sus == DERMATi- 
Tis GANGRENOSA. P. haemorrha'gicus, pemphi¬ 
gus associated with hemorrhage. P. hyster'icus, 
pemphigus due to hysteria or sexual derangement. 
P. lepro'sus, a variety with scattered vesicles, 
either a prodrome of leprosy or a part symptom. 
P. malig'nus, a severe form resulting in exhaustion 
and often in death. P. neonato'nim, bull^ on the 
ankles, wrists, hands, and feet of new-born children 
affected with congenital syphilis. O. ’o6.] P. 
prurigino'sus, a form attended with severe itching. 
P. scorbu'ticus, a form occurring in scorbutus with 
vesicles of a bloody content, especially on the legs. 
P. solita'rius, pemphigus in which the vesicles are 
single or few in number. P. syphilit'icus, a form 
frequent in hereditary syphilis, occurring in chil¬ 
dren soon after birth and seldom in adults; vari¬ 
cella syphilitica confiuens. P. veg'etans, a form 
in which the vesicles rupture, leaving raw spots 
from which spring fungoid growths discharging an 
offensive liquid: usually fatal. P. vulga'ris, a 
variety characterized by tensely filled vesicles 
which later dry up. [< blister.] fpem'- 

phi-goid, as P. syphiUde= P. syphiliticus. 
pen'a-war. = Pengawar. 

penchant (poh-shah). Inclination; propensity. [F.] 
pen'cil. I. A pointed stick of medicated or caustic 
substance for local application. 2. A bundle of 
rays (as of light) meeting in a point, 
pen'dent. Hanging. [ < L. pende're to hang down.] 
Pendjeh sore (p^nd'j^). A variety of oriental sore 
found at Pendjeh, India. 

pen'du-lous. Hanging or drooping. P. abdomen, a 
condition characterized by excessive accumulation 
of fat in the abdominal region, with relaxation of 
the skin and muscles of the abdomen. P. lipoma, 
a pedunculated lipoma. 

pen'du-lum. A suspended body oscillating under 
the action of gravitation. P. motion, to=and*fro 


motion of the arms seen in certain nervous dis¬ 
eases. P. of the palate, the soft palate. P. rhythm, 
a marked change in which the diastolic hearts 
sound equals the systolic sound in time, loudness, 
and character, causing a rhythm like the ticking 
of a watch. [<L. pen'dulus swinging.] 
pen-e-tram'e-ter, -trom'e-ter. [f I. M. ’06.] 
pen'e-tra-ting. Piercing; passing through. P. odor, 
a pungent odor. P. power = focal depth. P. 
wound, a wound which penetrates into or lays 
open one of the cavities of the body, 
pen-e-tra'tion. i. The act of piercing or entering, 
as the entrance of the penis into the vagina. 2. 
= Focal depth. 

pen'ga-war or pen'gha-war djam'bi. The long, yel¬ 
lowish, silky hairs obtained from the rhizomes of 
various ferns, especially CiboHum and Cyathea; 
penjavar yambi; pakuskidang: used as a styptic, 
pe'ni = Penile. 

Penicil'lium. i. A genus of mould*fungi, assuming 
many shapes and colors, the commonest form 
being P. glau'cum or blue mould. P. brevicau'le, 
a mould which decomposes arsenic with a charac¬ 
teristic odor. 2. = Penicil- 

LUM, def. I. 

pen-i-ciFlum, -cil'lus. i. The arrangement of mi¬ 
nute ramifications of the venae portae, resembling a 
hair pencil, distributed in the lobules forming the 
substance of the liver. 2. In surgery, a tent or 
pledget of charpie or soft sponge, etc. 3. = Peni- 
CILLIUM. [< L. penicil'lus a painter’s brush.] 
tpen'i-cil-late, -cil'li-form. pen-i-cil'li-ger, hav¬ 
ing a tuft of hairs. 

pe'nis*. The male organ of copulation. It consists 
of two CORPORA CAVERNOSA, Composed of erectile 


9 



3 I 


Mesial Longitudinal Section of End of Penis.— i. 
Urethra. 2. Erectile tissue of corpus spongiosum. 3. 
Fraenum. 4. Navicular fossa. 5. External urethral 
orifice. 6. Anterior extremity of corpus cavernosum. 
7. Erectile tissue of glans. 8. Prepuce. 9. Tunica al¬ 
buginea. 10. Erectile tissue of corpus cavernosum 
broken up by pectiniform septum. (Piersol.) 

tissue, and below them the corpus spongiosum, 
containing the urethra and terminating in a bul¬ 
bous extremity, the glans penis. Among the 
many synonyms of p. are membrum genitale, 
vivorum, seminale, or virile; menta; mentula; 
mutinus; muto; palus; pater omnium viventium; 
peculium; peos; phallus; priapus; psole; sathe; 
sathon. P. bone, an ossification found in the 
corpora cavernosa of many animals and occasion¬ 
ally in man. P. capti'vus, inability to withdraw 
the penis during copulation due to contraction of 
the female perineal muscles. P. cer'ebri = pineal 
BODY. P. fem'inis or mulie'bris = clitoris. P. 
palma'tus = WEBBED penis. [L., “tail.”] tP®^“ 
nile, as P. angle, the angular bend in the male 











PENISCHISIS 


704 


PEPSIN UM 


urethra, formed where the flaccid penis falls from 
the point of suspension at the pubic region; pre- 
pubic angle: P. hypospadias, hypospadias: P. 
portion, the spongy portion of the urethra: P. 
reflex, retraction of the penis caused by percuss¬ 
ing it on the under surface near the root: and P. 
urethra = P. portion. 

pe-nis'chi-sis. A term for either epispadias or hy¬ 
pospadias. [< L. pe'nis + ox'if^Lq splitting.] 
pe-ni'tis. Inflammation of the penis ; phallitis. 
Pen'javar yam'bi. ^ Pengawar djambi. 

Penj'deh sore. = Pendjeh sore. 
pen'ni-form. Feather=shaped, as a muscle having 
its fibres fastened along the side of a central ten¬ 
don. [< L. pen'na feather + for'ma form.] 
Pennsylvania tea. =Monarda didyma. 
pen-ny-roy'al. i.=Hedeoma*. 2. = Mentha pu- 

LEGIUM. 

pen'ny-weight. A weight of twenty=four grains, 
pen'ny-wort. = Hydrocotyle asiatica. 
pe-nol'o-gy. That branch of science which includes 
the study of the cause and prevention of crime. 
[< TToiv^ penalty + treatise.] tP®-no-log'i- 

cal. pe-nol'o-gist. 

pe-no-scro'tal angle. The angle at the junction of 
the penis and the scrotum, 
pen'sile. Hanging. [< L. pende're to hang down.] 
pen'ta-. Denoting five, especially, in chemistry, the 
presence in a compound of five atoms of the sub¬ 
stance named: a combining form. [< Trevre five.] 
pen-ta-ba'sic, having a basicity of five; having 
five replaceable hydrogen atoms.— pen-ta-bi'ose, 
any one of a class of disaccharides having the for¬ 
mula CjoHjgOg.— pen-ta-chlo'ride, a compound 
having five atoms of chlorine to one of another 
element or radical, as the P. of phosphorus, the 
substance PCI5. — pent-ac'id = pentavalent. — 
pen'tad, an element having a valency of five.— 
pen-ta-dac'tyle, having five fingers.— pen-ta-dec'- 
ane, a colorless liquid, C15H32, contained in petro¬ 
leum.— pen-taser'y-thrite, a crystalline compound, 
C^HgfOHj^, obtained by the action of lime on a 
mixture of formic and acetic aldehydes in aque¬ 
ous solution.— pen-ta-glu'cose, any sugar contain¬ 
ing five atoms of carbon in its formula.— pen-ta- 
gly-cyl-gly'cin. [T[ B. M. J. Oct. 27, ’06.]— pen'tal, 
a colorless, highly inflammable liquid, CgHjo, tri- 
methylethylene or /^sisoamylene, used as an anaes¬ 
thetic in minor surgery, as extraction of teeth, 
etc. Dose, 10 to 20 Cc. (150 to 300 mins.), by 
inhalation. — pen-ta-meth*y-lene-di-am'ine = ca- 
DAVERiNE.— pen'tane, a colorless, volatile, liquid 
hydrocarbon, C5Hj2, with a pleasant odor and no 
taste; amyl hydride. It has been tried as an 
anaesthetic, but has not as yet proved very useful. 
— pen-ta-pep'tide, a peptide containing five amino* 
acid molecules in the chain.— Pentas'toma, a 
genus of parasitic arthropods, worm*like in ap¬ 
pearance, but classed as belonging near the aca- 
rids, or mites. The principal species found in the 
human subject are P. constric'tum, whose larvae 
encyst in the liver and lungs, and P. tcenioi'des, 
found chiefly, in adult form, in the nasopharynx 
but also in the larval stage encysted in internal 
organs. — pen-ta-tom'ic. i. Having five atoms. 
2. Having five replaceable hydrogen atoms.— pen- 
tav'a-lent, having a valency of five; able to re¬ 
place or combine with five atoms of hydrogen, 
pen'tene. =Amylene. 
pen'ten-zyme. A proprietary digestant. 
pen'to-dyne. A proprietary antipyretic, analgesic, 
and antiseptic. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 


pen-to'ic acid. = Valerianic acid. 
pen'tone. =Valylene. 

pen'to-san. Any member of a group of complex 
carbohydrates yielding pentoses on hydrolysis: 
found in many plant*juices and foods, 
pen-to'sa-zone. A substance sometimes found in 
the urine, representing an abnormality in the 
total metabolism of the body, 
pen'tose. Any one of a class of monosaccharides or 
sugars having the formula CgHjoOg, and possess¬ 
ing reducing properties, as arabinose, xylose, 

RHAMNOSE, RIBOSE, FUCOSE, etC. PeNTOSURIA. 

pen-to-su'ri a. The presence of pentose in the 
urine, easily confused with glucosuria or dia¬ 
betes and only definitely determined by polariza¬ 
tion or the formation of pentosazone crystals. 
pen'5vac*ci-na-tor. A vaccination instrument re 
sembling a drawing pen. 

Penzoldts’s reagent (pen'zolts). A mixture of diazo- 
benzosulphuric acid and caustic potash: used as 
a test for sugar in the urine, 
pe'o-nin. =Corallin. 
pe'o-ny. = P^onia officinalis. 
pe'os. = Penis. [Gr.] 
pe-ot'o-my. Amputation of the penis, 
pe-pas'mus. A concoction; suppuration. [ < Trenaa- 
p6g concoction.] ; pe-pas'tic. 

pe'po*. The ripe seed of Cucur'bita pe'po or pump¬ 
kin. The seeds have been much used as a taeni- 
cide, as has also the pulp of the pumpkin. De¬ 
prived of their outer covering, the seeds may be 
beaten into a paste with sugar, and taken fasting, 
followed in an hour or two by a free dose of cas¬ 
tor oil. Dose, 30 Gm. (i oz.). [L.] 

pep'per. = Piper*. Cayenne p. = Capsicum. P. 
confection, the Conjee'tio pi'peris of the B. P., 
made by rubbing together two ozs. of black pep¬ 
per, three ozs. of caraway fruit, and fifteen ozs. 
of clarified honey. P.sgrass = LEPiDiUM. 
pep'per-ette. Olive pits: used to adulterate peppir. 
pep'per-mint. = Mentha piperita*. P. camphor 
= MENTHOL*. P. water = AQU^ MENTH.E PIEJER- 
IT.E*. <■ 

pep-sa'li a. A proprietary peptic salt for table use. 
pep'sase. = Pepsin. 

pep'sin. The digestive ferment of the gastric juice 
which in union with hydrochloric acid transforms 
proteids into peptones; pepsinum*. Purified or 
scale p. is made by dissolving p. in acidulated 
water and precipitating, Pepsinum saccha- 
RATUM. P. gland = oxYNTic GLAND. Vegetable p. 
= PAPAIN. P. wine = VINUM PEPSINI. [<L. pe/)' 
si'num, fr. ireTTrecv to digest.] tP®P'sic. pep'si- 
na-ted. pep-si-nif'e-rous, pep-si-nog'e-nous, se¬ 
creting or generating pepsin, 
pep-sin'o-gen. A zymogen appearing as a granular 
deposit in the gastric glands, especially those of 
the central cells of the cardiac glands, and con¬ 
verted into PEPSIN. 

pep-si'num*. Pepsin, a proteolytic ferment or en¬ 
zyme obtained from the glandular layer of the 
fresh stomach of the hog and when assayed by 
the U. S. P. process found capable of digesting 
not less than 3000 times its own weight of fresh¬ 
ly coagulated and disintegrated egg albumin. 
Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.), best given with sugar of 
milk. P. aromat'icum, aromatic pepsin (one troy 
ounce) witl o mins, of aromatic fluidextract and 
8 grs. each of tartaric acid and common salt. P. 
sacchara'tum, the 1890 U. S. P. name for sac- 
charated pepsin, a preparation of pepsin diluted 
with sugar of milk to 10% of pepsin. [L.] 


PEPSIS 


705 


PERCEPTION 


pep'sis. Digestion. 

pep-sor'thin. A proprietary medicine: said to con¬ 
tain papain, magnesium peroxide, benzonaphthol, 
and sodium bicarbonate, 
pep-tar'nis. A proprietary beefspeptone. 
pep'tase. A substance derived from malt: capable 
of acting upon peptones, 
pep'ten-zyme. A proprietary digestant. 
pep'tic. I. Digestive; promoting digestion. 2. Re¬ 
lating to PEPSIN. P. cellsjthe elements lining the 
peptic glands of the stomach, formerly applied 
especially to the parietal cells. P. digestion, that 
portion of the process of digestion which takes 
place in the stomach; gastric digestion. P. glands, 
the pouches or glands of the stomach which se¬ 
crete pepsin and hydrochloric acid: they do not 
include those of the pyloric region. P. salt, a 
proprietary digestant mixture of pepsin and sodi¬ 
um chloride. P. ulcer, round or perforating ulcer 
of the stomach. [< ~e~T£iv to digest.] 
pep'tides. Fischer’s term for certain bodies prepared 
by condensation of aminosacids and presenting 
properties corresponding to the peptones; poly¬ 
peptides. Over 100 varieties have been prepared; 
the more complicated the peptide, the more 
closely does it resemble albumin, 
pep-tin-o-tox'in. = Peptotoxin. 
pep'to-. Relating to pepsin or digestion: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< iT£TTT£iv to digest.] 
pep'tosfer. [Tf L. j. ’06.] 

pep'to-gas-ter. The digestive apparatus or alimen¬ 
tary tract of the body, Pneog.\ster ; uro- 
GASTER. tpep-to-gas'tric. 
pep'to-gen. i. Pepsinogen. 2. Pepsin, or any other 
ferment which produces peptones, fpep-to-gen'- 
ic; pep-tog'e-nous. 

pep-to-glu'tin sublimate. A combination of four 
parts of mercurous chloride with a sort of pep¬ 
tonized gelatin: used hypodermically in syphilis, 
pep'to-hy-dro-chlo'ric acid. A supposed compound 
formed when pepsin and hydrochloric acid are 
mixed, as in digestion; chloropeptic acid. 
pep-<b-man'gan. A proprietary preparation said to 
contain peptones, manganese, and iron. 
pep*to-me-dul'lin. A proprietary preparation of pep¬ 
tonized bonesmarrow. 
pep-to-nae'mi a. Peptone in the blood, 
pep'tone. A liquid substance produced by a com¬ 
bination of the gastric juice, or pepsin, with albu¬ 
minous food in the stomach: laevorotary, soluble 
in water, and very diffusible. It is a derivative 
of proteins and obtained by protein=hydrolysis 
but it cannot be “salted out” of solution like the 
proteoses, which, however, it resembles in giving 
the BIURET TEST. Various peptone extractives, as 
those of beef, casein, gelatin, milk, etc., are used 
as nutrients and digestants. Peptones are also 
used as culture=media. There are a number of 
peptones, and several of them have received spe¬ 
cial names, as amphopeptone, antipeptone, hemi- 
peptone, parapeptone, propeptone, etc. Ran¬ 
dolph’s TEST, tpep'to-nate. 
pep*to-ni-za'tion. The artificial peptonizing of 
foods; the production of a partially digested 
food for the use of patients of feeble digestion, 
tpep'to-nize, to digest with pepsin, though in 
Peptonized foods, as P. milk and P. beef, pancrea- 
tin is also employed, Ingluvin. 
pep'to-ni-zing fermentation, i. A variety of decom¬ 
position produced in proteids and in gelatin by pep¬ 
sin with the production of peptone. 2. A variety 
of decomposition produced in gelatin and in pro- 

45 


teids by trypsin, papain, and several bacteria, re¬ 
sulting in the production of peptone, with leucine 
and tyrosine as by-products. 3. A variety of fer¬ 
mentation produced in casein by various bacteria, 
pep'to-noid. i. A substance resembling the true 
peptones. 2. In the plural, a proprietary prepa¬ 
ration. 

pep-to-nu'ri a. The presence or the secretion of pep¬ 
tones in the urine: a normal symptom in lying-m 
women. When due to intestinal disease it is 
termed Enterogenous p.; when due to disease of 
the liver. Hepatogenous p.; when due to disease 
of the kidneys. Nephrogenous p.; when due to sup¬ 
puration, Pyogenic p.; and when occurring in the 
puerperal state. Puerperal p. ts- Albuminuria. 
pep-toso'va-rin. A proprietary preparation of pep¬ 
tonized ovaries of animals, 
pep'to-sin. A proprietary preparation of pepsin, 
pep-to-thy'roid. A proprietary preparation of pep¬ 
tonized thyroid glands of animals, 
pep-to-tox'in. A poisonous ptomaine occurring in 
peptones and putrefying proteid substances ; pep- 
tinotoxin. Its effect on frogs and rabbits is 
similar to curare. Cholera p., a poisonous sub¬ 
stance allied to the peptones, formed by the 
cholera bacillus. 

pep-to'va-rin. = Pepto-ovarin. 
per. A Latin particle signifying “ through,” “ by ” ; 
also “thoroughly.” It is often intensive, being 
then equivalent to “ very.” In chemistry it forms 
a prefix denoting a compound containing the 
largest quantity of the electronegative constit¬ 
uent, as hydrogen peroxide, iron perchloride, etc.; 
also applied to acids which contain still more 
oxygen than those whose names end with -ic: as 
perboric or perchloric acid. P. a'num, through the 
anus. P. contig'uum, in contiguity; arranged so 
that the edges touch, P. contin'uum, contin¬ 
uously; without break. P. infortu'nium, by mis¬ 
adventure: applied in medical jurisprudence to 
excusable homicide, or death from a lawful act 
done without intention of hurt. P. os, by the 
mouth. P. sal'tum, by jump: said of the pulse. 
P. vagi'nam, through the vagina. P. vi'as natu- 
ra'les, by the natural channels or passages, 
per-a-ceph'a-lus. A monstrosity with neither head 
nor arms and with defective chest-walls, 
per-ac'e-tate. An acetate containing more acetic 
acid than ordinary acetate, 
per-a-cid'ity. Increased or abnormal acidity of the 
gastric juice, as in ulcer of the stomach, dilatation 
of the stomach, chronic catarrh of the stomach 
and neurasthenia: preferable to the usually used 

HYPERACIDITY. HYPERCHLORHYDRIA. 

per-a-cuteL Extremely severe; very acute, 
perar-tic-u-la'tion. = Diarthrosis. 
per*a-to-dyn'i a. Cardialgia or pain in the stomach. 

[< TTTjpa stomach + odpv/; pain.] 
per-bo'ral. [H L. j. ’07.] 

per-bo'rate. A salt of perboric acid. Those of the 
alkalies and the alkaline earths give off hydrogen 
peroxide when brought in contact with acids or 
even by moisture alone; used in mouth washes, 
baths, etc. 

percesmembrane (pers-mofi-br^n). An instrument 
for perforating the bag of waters. [F.] 
per'cept. A thing perceived by the senses, 
per-cep'tion. i. The act or faculty of perceiving. 
The act of acquiring a knowledge of external ob¬ 
jects by means of the organs of sense. 2. The 
notion or idea acquired by impressions made on 
an organ of sense. [< L. percip'ere to perceive.] 


PERCEPTORIUM 


706 


PERFRIGERATION 



Percolator. 

(Reming¬ 

ton.) 


tper-cep'tion-al, as P. insanity, insanity marked 
by perverted perceptions, such as hallucinations 
and illusions, per-cep'tive. per-cep-tiv'i-ty. 
per-cep-to'ri um. =Sensorium. 
per-chlo'rate. A combination of perchloric acid and 
a base: applied to the oxychlorates. 
per-chlor-eth'ane. A crystalline com¬ 
pound, CjClg. 

per-chlor-hy'dri a. = Hyperchlor- 

HYDRIA. 

per-chlo'ric acid. An irritant, liquid 
acid, HCIO4, containing more oxygen 
than chloric acid. 

per-chlo'ride. A chloride containing 
more chlorine than a protochloride, 
as P. of iron, FeClg. 
per-clu'sion. Complete immobility (as 
of a joint) due to some local lesion, 
per-co-la'tion. The process of extract¬ 
ing the soluble portion of a powdered 
drug by allowing a solvent liquid, 
called the menstruum, to pass through 
it either with or without pressure. 

[ < L. per through cola're to strain.] 
tper'co-late, to strain; also the substance strained. 
peFco-la-tor, an instrument for performing per- 
colatioii. 

per contig'uum, per contin'uum. m- Per. 
per-cus'sion. The act of striking any part of the 
body with the fingers, or with an instrument, to 
ascertain its condition by the sound 
obtained. It is distinguished as 
Direct or Immediate p. when the 
fingers strike directly upon the sur¬ 
face to be percussed, and Mediate p. 
when a pleximeter, or the second 
phalanx of the forefinger of the left 
hand, is struck by the fingers of the 
right hand. Other varieties are 
Auscultatory, Deep, Finger®, 
Instrumental, Light, and Res¬ 
piratory. As a method of diagno¬ 
sis for diseases of the chest it was 
first ’used by Auenbrugger, 1761. 

Auscultation; mensuration; 
palpation; succussiON. P. ham¬ 
mer, a small rubber hammer used 
in percussing. P. note, the sound 
obtained by percussion. P. wave, chief ascending 
wave of sphygmographic tracing; papillary wave. 
[ < L. percu'tere to strike, to shock.] tp®r-cuss'. 
per-cus‘so-punc-ta'tor. An instrument for produc¬ 
ing counter®irritation by making punctures 
by means of grouped needles: used in rheu¬ 
matism. [< L. percu'tere to strike + pun'gere to 
prick.] 

per-cus'sor. =Percuteur. 

per-cu-ta'ne ous. Effected or performed through 
the skin, as P. stimulation of muscles. [< L. per 
through 4- cu'tis skin.] 

percuteur (per-cii-t^r). i. An instrument for use in 
therapeutic percussion. 2. A form of lithotrite 
which is operated by blows from a hammer. [F.] 
per-den'do. Dying away. [Ital.] 
per-dy-nam'in. A proprietary haemoglobin albu¬ 
minate: used in chlorosis, anaemia, phthisis, etc. 
pe-rei'on. The thorax in Crustacea, 
pe-rei'rine. An antiperiodic alkaloid, CjgHg^NgO, 
from paopereira bark. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (8 grs.). 
per-en-ce-pha'li a, per-en-ceph'a-ly. Multiple cys¬ 
tic brain tumors. [< rripa pouch + tyKecpaXog 
brain.] 



Percussion 

Hammers. 


Perenyi’s solution (pe-r^n'yiz). A fixing solution, 
especially adapted to young embryos, composed 
I of 4 parts of a 10% solution of nitric acid, 3 
parts of alcohol, and 3 parts of a solution of 
chromic acid. 

Pere'zia. A genus of composite plants, of which 
several species (P. wright'i, P. na'na, P. frutico'- 
sa, and P. duge'sii) are strongly cathartic. The 
root and rhizome are used and known 
as pipitzahoac. They contain an 
active principle per'e-zon or pipit- 

ZAHOIC ACID. 

Perez’s sign (pe-r^ths). The friction* 
sound heard over the sternum when 
the patient raises his arms and drops 
them again: indicative of aneurism of 
the aorta and of mediastinal tumors, 
per-fla'tion. i. A blowing through; a 
blast or draught of air. 2. The forc¬ 
ing of air into a cavity to drive 
out secretions. [ < L. per through 4- 
fla're to blow.] 

per-fo'li-ate. Pierced by the stem 
or piercing a leaf, 
per'fo-rans. Piercing. P. casse'rii, the musculo¬ 
cutaneous nerve: so called because it pierces the 
coracobrachialis muscle. P. ma'nus, a designa¬ 
tion of the flexor profundus digitorum muscle, 
from its perforating the tendon of the flexor sub- 
limis. [< L., fr. per through 4 - fora're to bore.] 
per'fo-rate, per'fo-ra-ted. Pierced with holes, or 
having transparent dots resembling holes. P. com¬ 
press = fenestrated COMPRESS. P. layer of the 
sclera = LAMINA cribrosa, def. 4. P. membrane 
= FENESTRATED MEMBRANE. P. mUSCle, the COra- 
cobrachialis muscleT P. space, a section of the 
base of the brain pierced by a number of vessels. 
It is divided into an anterior perforated space, on 
the inner side of the fissure of Sylvius, anterior 
to the optic tracts, and a posterior perforated 
space, within the interpeduncular angle, just in 
front of the pons varolii. P. spots = maculac 
CRIBROSA*. 

per'fo-ra-ting. Piercing; passing through. P. ab¬ 
scess, an abscess which perforates its containing 
wall, as in the lung or the cornea. P. fibre, any 
one of the numerous fibres which project at right 
angles from the laminae of bone and perforate the 
adjacent laminae, fastening them together; Shar- 
pey’s fibre. P. nerve, the musculocutaneous nerve. 
P. ulcer of the foot, P. ulcer of the stomach, 

ULCER, PERFORATING. 

per-fo-ra'tion. i. The operation of making a hole 
through a part, especially the opening of the fetal 
head, as in craniotomy. 2. An opening or hole 
passing through a part or through the wall of a 
hollow organ, as P. of the bowel in typhoid fever. 
^ Peritonitis. 

per'fo-ra-tive peritonitis, Peritonitis. 
per'fo-ra-tor, per-fo-ra-to'ri um. An instrument for 
boring into the cranium. 

per-fo-ra'tus. Perforated; pierced through. A term 
applied to the coracobrachialis muscle, from its 
being perforated by the external cutaneous nerve; 
also to the flexor sublimis digitorum, from its 
tendon being perforated by the tendon of the 
flexor profundus. [L.] 

per-fri-ca'tion. Inunction, or rubbing in of any 
unctuous or oily substance through the pores of 
the skin. [ < L. per through 4- frica're to rub.] 
per-frig-e-ra'tion. Profound rigor or chill. [< L. 
per through 4- fri'gus cold.] 



Perfoliate 
Leaf and 
Stem. 















PERFUME 


707 


PERICARDITIS 


per'fume. A pleasant odor; fragrance; an odorifer¬ 
ous substance. It is well to remember that manu¬ 
facturers often use methyl alcohol in their prep¬ 
aration and that they may be drunk by certain 
persons for alcohol contents. [< L. per intensive 
+fu'tnus smoke or incense.] 
per-fu'sion. The forcing of water through anything. 
P. cannula, a cannula composed of a double tube 
for running a continuous current of liquid into 
and out of a closed cavity, 
per-ga-me'ne ous. Parchmentslike. [< L. perga- 
me'neus.] 

per-glu'tyl. A proprietary solid form of hydrogen 
peroxide. 

per-hy'drase. [ ^ /. M. ’o6.] 

per-hy'drol. A 30% solution of hydrogen dioxide 
which is free from acid; said to be useful as an 
application to naevi, ulcers, gummata, etc. 
per'i-. I. Signifying “ around,” “ about,” “ near ” ; 
sometimes intensive, being then equivalent to 
“very”: a combining form. i^Circum-. 2. 
A naphthalene dissubstitution product is called 
peri* if the two side chains are in the .1-1' position 
or in the 4-4' position, a. [< nepi.] 
per-i-ac'i-nal, -nous. Around or about an acinus. 
peri-ad-e-ni'tis. Inflammation of the tissues sur¬ 
rounding a gland. ^Adenitis; bubo. 
perd-ad-ven-ti'tial. Around the adventitia, 
per-i-al'gi a. A very severe or acute pain, 
per-i-al-i-en-i'tis. Inflammation around a foreign 
body as a biliary calculus, 
per-i-a'nal Situated around or near the anus. 
per-i-an‘gi-o-cho-li'tis. Inflammation of the tissue 
surrounding the biliary ducts. 
per*i-an-gi-o'ma. A morbid growth surrounding a 
vessel. [ < TTspl around + ayyelov vessel.] 
per’i-a-or-ti'tis. Inflammation of the tissues around 
the aorta. 

per*isap-pen-di-ci'tis. That stage of appendicitis in 
which the peritoneum investing the appendix 
becomes inflamed, c®- Perityphlitis. 
per'i-apt. A charm or amulet against a disease. 

[< TTep'iaTTTog hung about.] 
perd-ar-te'ri al. Surrounding an artery, 
per’i-ar-te-ri'tis. Inflammation of the outer or ad¬ 
ventitious coat of an artery, usually following 
trauma or spreading inflammations; exarteritis. 
ts- Perivasculitis. P. nodo'sa, periarteritis in 
which nodular swellings are formed by thickening 
of the arterial coats in places, 
peri-ar-thri'tis. Inflammation of the tissues sur¬ 
rounding a joint. [ < Trep'i around -h apOpov joint.] 
peri-ar-tic'u-lar. Situated around or about a joint, 
per-i-ax'i al. Surrounding any axis or axis=cylinder. 

P. neuritis, inflammation of the myelin of a nerve, 
per-i-ax'il-la-ry. i. Surrounding the axilla or its 
contents. 2. Periaxial, 
per-i-ax'o-nal. Surrounding an axon. 
per'i-blast. The substance immediately surrounding 
the nucleus of a cell. tP®r-i-blas'tic. 
per-i-blep'sis. The wild, staring look, or rolling of 
the eyes, seen in delirium, 
per-i-bron'chi al. Situated around or occurring near 
a bronchus or bronchial tube, 
peri-bron-chi'tis. Inflammation of the tissues sur¬ 
rounding the bronchi. P. fibro'sa, peribronchitis 
with the development of thick, concentric, usually 
pigmented, layers of connective tissue around the 
bronchi. P. nodo'sa (tuberculo'sa), tuberculosis 
of the bronchial walls, usually accompanied by 
tubercular ulceration of the mucous membrane. 
P. purulen'ta, purulent infiltration, permeating 


the entire wall of the smaller bronchi; usually a 
complication of various diseases of the lungs, 
per-i-bro'sis. An ulceration on the edges of the eye¬ 
lids. [< TrepL around -t- [ipioai^ gnawing.] 
per-i-bul'bar. Occurring in the tissue around the 
bulb of the eye, usually at the corneal edge, 
per-i-cae'cal. Surrounding the caecum, 
per'i-cae-men-ti'tis. = Pericementitis. 
perd-cae-men'tum. = Pericementum. 
per'i-cal. = Mycetoma. 

,per-i-car'di al, -car'di ac, -car-di'a-cal. Belonging 
to the pericardium. P. arteries, small twigs 
from the internal mammary artery and the aorta. 
P. cavity or space, the space between the pericar¬ 
dium and the heart. P. fluid, the thin, serous 
fluid contained in the pericardial cavity, amount¬ 
ing in quantity from 5 to 20 Cc.; liquor pericar' 
dii*. P. murmur, a murmur produced by the fric¬ 
tion of the pericardial surfaces on each other. 
P. pleura, the part of the pleura attached to the 
pericardium; pleura pericardiaca*. P. sac = 
pericardium. P. veins, small veins collecting 
blood from the pericardium and emptying into 
the azygos major and left innominate veins; venae 
pericardiacae*. 

per-i-car-di‘a-co-phre'nic. Pertaining both to the 
pericardium and to the diaphragm. P. artery = 

COMES NERVI PHRENICI. 

per-i-car'di an. = Pericardiac. 
per-i-car’di-cen-te'sis. Puncturing of the pericar¬ 
dium to remove fluid. 

per-i-car’di-ec'to-my. [^/. A. M. A. j. ’09.] 
per-i-cardi-o-pleu'ral. Relating to the pericardium 
and the pleura. 

per-i-car'di-or'rha-phy. Suture of the pericardium, 
per-i-car’di-o-thy-roi'de us. A fascicle from the 
sternothyroid muscle, extending from the outer 
surface of the pericardium to the thyroid body, 
perd-car-di-ot'o-my. A wide incision of the pericar¬ 
dium to permit the escape of pericardial liquid, 
pericardite brightique. A variety of pericarditis re¬ 
sulting from chronic Bright’s disease. [F.] 
per*i-car-di'tis. Inflammation of the pericardium, 
seldom circumscribed and usually secondary to 
some disease, as rheumatism, chronic kidney 
troubles, pyaemia, tuberculosis, etc. It is marked 
by the formation of fibrinous deposits (Fibrinous 
p.) on the pericardium, which give rise to a char¬ 
acteristic frictionsmurmur, occurring with the 
heart *beats, and usually there is a liquid 
effusion into its sac. Adhesive p., pericarditis in 
which the two layers of pericardium become ad¬ 
herent. P. callo'sa, a form of chronic fibrinous 
pericarditis, occurring in childhood, in which there 
are oedema, facial cyanosis, tortuous jugular veins 
without pulsation, and without other typical signs 
of the disease. Carcinomatous p., cancerous in¬ 
flammation of the pericardium. Dry p., pericar¬ 
ditis in which there is little or no liquid effusion. 
P. exter'na, pericarditis affecting the exterior sur¬ 
face of the pericardium. Hemorrhagic p., peri¬ 
carditis in which the effused liquid is sanguineous. 
Localized p., a rare localized form with milksspots. 
Mediastinal p., inflammation of the exterior 
surface of the pericardium and the mediastinal 
connective tissue. Obliterating p., obliterat¬ 
ing. Pleural p., inflammation of the exterior 
surface of the pericardium and the surrounding 
pleura. Purulent (suppurative) p., pericardi¬ 
tis in which there is an effusion of purulent liquid 
into the pericardial sac. Serofibrinous p., peri¬ 
carditis in which there is little or no fibrin, but 


PERICARDIUM 


708 


PERIHEPATITIS 


considerable serous fluid. Tuberculous p., peri¬ 
carditis due to tuberculosis of the pericardium. 
Typhoid p., pericarditis with typhoid symptoms 
and high fever, fper-i-car-dit'ic. 
per-i-car'di um, pi. -car'dia. The membranous bag 
which contains the heart. It consists of an exter¬ 
nal layer of fibrous tissue and an internal serous 
layer, the latter of which surrounds the heart (Vis¬ 
ceral p.) and is reflected over the inner surface of 
the fibrous coat, with which it forms the Parietal 
p. The cavity of the pericardium contains the 

PERICARDIAL FLUID. ^ BrEADsANDsBUTTER P.', 

pericarditis ; shaggy p. [< Trepi about -f- Kapdia 
heart.] 

per-i-car-do'sis. Infection of the pericardium, 
peri-car-dot'o-my. = Pericardiotomy. 
per'i-carp. The seed-vessel in plants. 
per-i-celTu-lar. Surrounding a cell, as P. cirrhosis, 
a very diffuse, fine-meshed form of cirrhosis, 
perd-cem-en-ti'tis. Inflammation of the pericemen¬ 
tum ; periodontitis. 

per-i-ce-men'tum. The covering of the cement 
which lines the alveolus and holds the tooth in 
place. [< TTepi around -f- L. ccsmen'tum cement.] 
t per-i-ce-men'tal, as P. abscess. 
per-i-cen'tral. Surrounding a centre, 
perd-ce-phal'ic artery. The external carotid artery, 
P. carotid, carotid artery. 
per'i-cha-rei'a. Sudden and insane joy. 
per*i-cho-lan-gi'tis. Inflammation of the tissues sur¬ 
rounding a bile-duct. 

per-i-cho*le-cys-ti'tis. Inflammation of the tissues 
around the gall-bladder. 

per-i-chon'dri-o-dyn'i a. Pain in the perichondrium, 
peri-chon-dri'tis. Inflammation of the perichon¬ 
drium. P. laryn'gea, perichondritis of the laryn¬ 
geal cartilage, as seen in typhoid fever and tuber¬ 
culosis. tperd-chon-drit'ic. 
per-i-chon'dri um*. A fibrous membrane forming 
the immediate covering of cartilages, except at 
the articular ends of bones. [< Ttcpl about + 
XovSpoc cartilage.] fper-i-chon'dral ; -chon'dri al. 
peri-chon-dro'ma. A tumor of the perichondrium, 
per'i-chord. The sheath of the notochord. [< ncpi 
around -t- chord.] tp®r-i-chor'dal. 

perd-cho-roi'dal. Situated around the choroid; ex¬ 
ternal to the choroid. 

per-i-chri'sis. Inunction or liniment-application, 
pe-ric'la-sis. A comminuted fracture; literally, a 
fracture by twisting. 

peri-co-li'tis, -co-lo-ni'tis. Inflammation around or 
near the colon (especially of its peritoneal coat). 
perd-col-pi'tis. Inflammation of tissue around the 
vagina. [< Trepf around -I- koXtto^ womb.] 
per-i-con'chal. Situated around the concha or cav¬ 
ity of the ear. P. sulcus, the furrow between the 
helix and the convex posterior surface of the 
concha of the ear. [< rrepi around -f noyxv ear.] 
per-i-cor'dal. Surrounding the notochord, 
per-i-cor'ne al. Around the cornea, 
perd-cow-per-i'tis. Inflammation of the tissues 
about Cowper’s glands. 

per-i-cox-i'tis. Inflammation of the tissues around 
the hip-joint. 

perd-cra-ni'tis. Inflammation of the pericranium; 

external periostitis of the skull, 
per-i-cra'ni um*. The periosteum of the cranium. 
P. inter'num = ENDOCRANiUM. [< irepi around-}- 
Kpaviov cranium.] fper-i-cra'ni al, as P. nerve. 
per-i-cys'tic. Surrounding or placed about a cyst, 
perd-cys-ti'tis. Inflammation (especially peritone¬ 
al) situated around the urinary bladder, ts- 


Paracystitis; pelveoperitonitis; peritonitis. 
per-i-cys'ti um. The muscular wall surrounding cer¬ 
tain cysts. 

peri-cys-to-ma-ti'tis. Inflammation of the outer 
covering of an ovarian cystoma, 
per-i-cy'ti al. Surrounding a cell, 
per-i-dec'to-my. = Peritomy. 

peri-den-drit'ic. Surrounding a dendrite of a nerve, 
per-i-den'tal. = Periodontal. 
perd-de-rse'a, per-i-de'ri a. The coiling of the um¬ 
bilical cord around the neck of the child at birth, 
per'i-derm. The cellular layer below the epidermis 
and outside the derma; the rete malpighii. 
per*i-des-mi'tis. Inflammation of the peridesmium. 
per-i-des'mi um. The membrane which covers the 
ligaments. [< r^epi around -f dkapiov band or liga¬ 
ment.] tper-i-des'mic. 

peri-di-as'to-le. The interval between the systole 
and the diastole in the cardiac cycle, 
per-i-did'y-mis. The serous coat which covers the 
testis; the tunica vaginalis. 
per*i-did-y-mi'tis. Inflammation of the perididymis, 
or tunica vaginalis. 

perd-en-ceph-a-li'tis. Leptomeningitis with periphe¬ 
ral encephalitis. 

per*i-en-ceph‘a-lo-men-in-gi'tis. Chronic inflamma¬ 
tion of the cortex and meninges of the brain, 
perd-en-do-the-li-o'ma. A tumor having its origin 
in the perithelium of the blood-vessels and in the 
endothelium of the lymphatics, 
per-i-en'dy-mal. Situated around the endyma. 
per*i-en-ter'ic. Located around the enteron. 
peri-en-te-ri'tis. Inflammation of the peritoneum 
of the intestine. 

per-i-en'te-ron. The space between the entoderm 
and the ectoderm; the primitive coelom, 
perd-e-pen'dy-mal. Situated around the ependyma, 
perd-ep-i-the-li-o'ma. i. A tumor developing from 
the endothelium of blood-vessels and lymphatics. 
2. A tumor sometimes affecting the suprarenal 
body which may cause a large metastatic growth 
of the liver. 

Perier’s operation (pf-ri-ez). Removal of an invert¬ 
ed uterus by an elastic ligature. 
per*i-e-so-pha'ge al. = Pericesophageal. 
peru-fas-cic'u-lar. Situated around a fasciculus. 
per-i-fis'tu-lar. Situated around a fistula. 
perd-fol-lic-u-li'tis. Inflammation around the hair- 
follicles. 

peri-gan-gli-i'tis. Inflammation around a ganglion, 
peri-gan-gli-on'ic. Situated around a ganglion. 
per-i-gas'tric. Pertaining to the outer or peritoneal 
coat of the stomach; around the stomach, 
per'i-gas-tri'tis. Inflammation of the outer or peri¬ 
toneal coat of the stomach, 
per-i-gem'mal. Situated around a taste-bud. 
peri-glan-du-li'tis. Inflammation of the tissues 
around a glandula. 

per-i-glot'tis. The villous membrane covering the 
tongue, tpsr-i-glot'tic. 

per*i-graph. A collective name for the linea alba 
and the lineae semilunares of the abdomen. [ < rrepi 
around -t- ypa<^V marking.] 
peri-he-pat'ic. Situated around the liver, 
peri-hep-a-ti'tis. Inflammation of the peritoneal 
covering of the liver, Pseudo-cirrhosis ; Tal¬ 
ma’s OPERATION. P. chro'nica hyperplas'tica, 
hyperplasia of the peritoneal covering of the liver 
(also the spleen and diaphragm) to a white, snowy 
mass, sometimes several centimetres in thickness; 
frosted, icing, porcelain, or sugar-iced liver; 
Zuckergussleber. [< rrepi around + rjrrap liver.] 


PERIOCULAR 


PERIHERNIARY 709 

per-i-her'ni-a-ry, -her'nious. Situated around a 
hernia. 

per-i-hys-ter'ic. = Periuterine. 
per-i-kar'y on. The cytoplasm of a cell as distin¬ 
guished from the nucleus. [< Trept around + 
K(ipvov nueleus.] 

per-i-ke-rat'ic. Surrounding the cornea, 
per-i-la-ryn'ge al. Around the larynx. 
per*i-lar-yn-gi'tis. An inflammation of the areolar 
tissue surrounding the larynx. 
per'i-Iymph, per-i-lym'pha*. The lymph contained 
in the space between the osseous and the mem¬ 
branous labyrinth of the internal ear which trans¬ 
mits sounds waves. [< Tvepi around + L. lym'pha 
watery fluid.] tperd-lym-phat'ic, as P. duct ~ 
DUCTUS PERILYMPHATicus*: P. Space, the interval 
between the membranous and bony labyrinths; 
spatium perilymphaticum* . perd-lym-phad-e- 

ni'tis. 

peri-lym-phan'ge al. Occurring near a lymphatic 
vessel. P. nodules, ^ lymphsnodule. 
perd-lym-phan-ge-i'tis, -lym-phan-gi'tis. Inflamma¬ 
tion of the connective tissue .surrounding a lym¬ 
phatic vessel. 

perd-mas-ti'tis. Inflammation of the connective 
tissue surrounding a mammary gland. 
per*i-men-in-gi'tis. Inflammation of the dura mater 
and the surrounding tissues; pachymeningitis, 
pe-rim'e-ter. i . The line which bounds any plane 
figure. It is equivalent to circumference. 2. An 
instrument for the exact measurement of the pe¬ 
riphery of the field of vision. Special perimeters 
for the measurement of the field of vision of bed* 
ridden patients {Bed=p.) and for measuring the cir¬ 
cumference of teeth {dental p.) are also made. 

^ Horopter. [ < Trepl around + pirpov measure.] 
per-i-met'ric. i. Relating to a perimeter, or to pe¬ 
rimetry. [< Perimeter.] 2. Situated around or 
occurring near the uterus. [< Tzepi around -b 
pfjTpa uterus.] 

perd-me-tri'tis. Circumscribed inflammation of the 
peritoneum in the vicinity of the uterus which, 
when more diffuse, is known as pelviperitonitis. 

tper*i-me-trit'ic. 

per-i-me'tri um. The peritoneum covering the 
uterus. [< Tzep'i around + nvrpa womb.] 
per-i-me‘tro-sal-pin-gi'tis. A general term for peri¬ 
uterine inflammations. 

pe-rim'e-try. The measuring of the limits of the 
field of vision. 

per-i-my'e-lis. The endosteum, or medullary mem¬ 
brane of hollow bones. [< Trepi around + p-vsTiog 
marrow.] 

peri-my-e-li'tis. i. = Osteomyelitis. 2.=Spinal 

MENINGITIS. 

per-i-my*o-en-do-car-di'tis. Pericarditis combined 
with myocarditis and endocarditis, 
perd-mys-i-i'tis. Inflammation of the perimysium ; 
perimysial inflammation. 

per-i-mys'i um*. The delicate connective*tissue 
sheath surrounding the primary bundles (or fas¬ 
ciculi) of muscular fibres, Endomysium ; epi- 
MYSiUM. [< TTfpt around +//PC muscle.] tper- 
i-mys'i al. 

perd-nae-aux-e'sis. = Perineauxesis. 
per-i-nae'um. = Perineum*. 

per-i-ne'al. Belonging to the perineum. P. apo¬ 
neurosis = p. FASCIA. P. arteries, branches from 
the internal pudic artery to the integument and 
muscles of the perineum, and divided into super¬ 
ficial and transverse perineal arteries. P. body, 
that part of the female perineum lying between 


the vagina and the rectum. P. cystotomy, cys¬ 
totomy by incision through the perineum. P. fas¬ 
cia, a fa.scia in two layers, superficial and deep. 
lying in the perineum. P. flexure, the flexure or 
bend in the rectum just above the anus; flexura 
perinealis*. P. fossa, the ischiorectal fossa. P. 
hernia, hernia into the perineum lying between 
the rectum and the prostate in the male and the 
rectum and the vagina in the female; perineocele. 
P. hypospadias, ^hypospadias. P. ligament, 
the triangular ligament. P. lithotomy, lithotomy 
in which the incision is through the perineum. P. 
nerve, a branch of the pudic nerve extending 
along the outer wall of the ischiorectal fossa, and 
giving off deep branches to the muscles of the peri¬ 
neum, and superficial branches to the perineum, 
scrotum or labia, and the inner part of the thigh; 
N. perinei^. P. raph6 —raphe perinei*. P. 
region, the perineum. P. section, incision through 
the perineum for division of a urethral stricture. 
P. spasm, vaginodynia. P. strait, the inferior 
strait of the pelvis. P. vaginismus, vaginismus 
from spasm of the perineal muscles, 
perd-ne-aux-e'sis. A form of colpoperineor- 
RHAPHY for the protection of the posterior wall 
of the vagina. 

per-i-ne'o-. Relating to the perineum: a combining 
form. [< perineum.] per-i-ne'o-cele = 

PERINEAL HERNIA.— per-i-ne‘o-col’po-rec*to-my- 
o-mec'to-my, myomectomy performed by incision 
of the perineum, vagina, and rectum.— per-i-ne'- 
o-plas-ty, plastic surgery of the perineum. — peri- 
ne-or'rha-phy, suture of the perineum. — perd-ne- 
o-scro'tal, relating to the perineum and scrotum. 
— per-i-ne'o-syn'the-sis, operative restoration of 
slight or partial defects of the perineum by unit¬ 
ing the edges and covering with a flap from the 
wall of the vagina. — peri-ne-ot'o-my, incision 
through the perineum, as for pelvic abscesses.— 
per-i-ne*o-vag'i-nal, relating to the perineum and 
the vagina. — per-i-ne'o-vag*i-no-rec'tal, relating 
to the perineum, vagina, and rectum, 
per-i-neph'ri al, -neph'ric. Around or surrounding 
the kidney. P. abscess, abscess in the tissues 
around the kidney. 

per*i-ne-phri'tis. Inflammation of the peritoneal 
covering of the kidney. An acute or chronic dis¬ 
ease of the cellular tissue around the kidney, con¬ 
sisting of inflammatory thickening of, and exuda¬ 
tion into, the tissue, frequently followed by 
suppuration, characterized by fever, local pain, 
fulness, tenderness on pressure, and in many 
cases ultimately by fluctuation, and resulting fre¬ 
quently in death. tp®r’i-ne-phrit'ic. 
per-i-neph'ri um, -neph'rus. The membrane or tis¬ 
sues immediately enveloping the kidney, 
per-i-ne'um*. The space between the anus and the 
genital organs: applied by some writers to the 
entire space between the os coccygis and the arch 
of the pubis. [< Trepivaiov.] 
perd-neu-ri'tis. Inflammation of the perineurium, 
symptomatically similar to neuritis, 
per-i-neu'ri um. The sheath enclosing a funiculus 
of a nerve*trunk. Neuroglia, tper-i-neu'- 
ri al, as P. channels, lymphatic channels which 
enclose certain nerve*trunks and into which the 
lymph*spaces of surrounding tissue open: P. 
lamella = perineurium. 

per-i-nu'cle ar cataract. == Zonular cataract. 
per-i-oc'u-lar. Situated or occurring around the 
eye ; periophthalmic. P. space^the space between 
the eyeball and the orbit; space of Tenon. 


PERIOD 


710 


PERIOVULAR 


pe'ri-od. The space of time during which a disease 
prevails from its access to its decline: also ap¬ 
plied to the several phases or stages of a disease, 
as the Incubation p., the time between the im¬ 
plantation and the appearance of a disease; or 
Reaction p., the stage of recovering from shock 
after trauma. Monthly p., menses. [< Trepc 
around -t- bSog way or journey.] -od'- 

i-cal, as P. disease, a disease which occurs at reg¬ 
ular periods of the year or which recurs at regular 
intervals: P. law, r®-M endelIeyeff’s p. law: P. 
leucorrhcea, leucorrhcea: P. mania, attacks 
of mania recurring at regular intervals: P. paral¬ 
ysis, paralysis at intervals, usually hereditary, of 
short duration, and often due to malarial infection: 
P. squint, strabismus occurring constantly in 
accommodation: P. swelling — at^gio'nbv rot ic 
CEDEMA. pe*ri-o-dic'i-ty, the tendency of certain 
phenomena to recur at stated times, after inter¬ 
vals during which they entirely cease, as the 
paroxysms of malaria, catamenia, etc. 
per-i‘o-do-ca'se in. A preparation of iodine and ca¬ 
sein: used in myxoedema and goitre, 
per-i'o-dide. An iodide which contains a larger 
amount of iodine than another iodide, 
perd-o-don'tal. Surrounding a tooth, as the P. mem¬ 
brane = PERIODONTIUM. 

perd-o-don-ti'tis. Inflammation of the tissues 
around a tooth, as exostosis, pyorrhoea alveolaris, 
necrosis of the jaw, alveolar abscess, gumboil, re¬ 
cession of the gums, gingivitis, and stomatitis, 
perd-o-don'ti um. The fibrous tissue covering the 
cement of a tooth. [< rrepi around + bdov^ tooth.] 
pe-ri-od'o-scope. An instrument for making calcu¬ 
lations of the date of menstmation, labor, etc. 
[< Treplodog period -f gkotteIv to observe.] 
perfl-oe-so-pha'ge al. Around, or about, the oesoph¬ 
agus. [< 'Kepi around -f OEsophagus*.] 
perd-oe-soph-a-gi'tis. Perioesophageal inflammation, 
per-i-om'pha-cous. Not yet ripe; not mature: ap¬ 
plied to abscesses. [< Kepi around + opfpaKutdr]^ 
like unripe grapes.] 

per-i-o-nych'i a, -o-nyx'is. Inflammation around a 
nail. [ Kepi around -I- bvv^ nail.] 
per'i-o-nych'i um. The border of epidermis at the 
naibroot. 

per-i-o'nyx. A small band of epithelium across the 
root of the nail in the foetus, developing after the 
eponychium disappears. 

per‘i-o-6ph-o-ri'tis. Peritoneal inflammation of the 
tissues around an ovary. It is a circumscribed 
peritonitis and usually called oophoritis. 
per‘i-o-oph'o-ro-sal-pin-gi'tis. Inflammation of the 
tissues surrounding the ovary and oviduct, 
pefi-oph-thal'mic. Situated or occurring around 
the eye. [< Kepi around -f b(f>daAp 6 g eye.] 
per’i-oph-thal-mi'tis. Inflammation around the eye. 
per-i-o'ple. The band of horny matter which con¬ 
nects posteriorly the two glomes of the frog of the 
horse’s foot, and which borders the hoof superiorly. 
[< Kepi around -I- okIt/ hoof.] fper-i-o'plic. 
per-i-op'tic. Situated about the eye. 
per*i-op-tom'e-try. Measurement of the visual field 
with the PERIMETER or opsiometer. [< Kepi 
around + Optometry.] 
per-i-o'ral. Situated around the mouth, 
per-i-or'bi-ta*. The lining membrane of the orbit 
or socket of the eye; the periosteum of the orbit. 
[Kepi around L. or'bita orbit.] tP®r-i-or'bi-tal. 
perd-or-bi'tis. Inflammation of the periorbita, 
per'i-or-chi'tis. Inflammation of the tunica vagi¬ 
nalis or serous coat of the testis, ts- Hydro¬ 


cele; perididymitis. P. adhaesi'va, periorchitis 
in which there are adhesions between the two 
layers of the tunica vaginalis, 
per'i-ost. —Periosteum. 

per-i-os'te al. Relating to or of the nature of the 
PERIOSTEUM. P. bone, bone which is formed di¬ 
rectly from and beneath the perios¬ 
teum. P. cachexia, a term given by 
Gee to infantile scurvy or Barlow’s 
disease. [T| O.’o6 .] P. lamellae, ^ cir¬ 
cumferential L.A.MELL.®. P. osteo¬ 
sarcoma, ^ OSTEOSARCOMA. P. reflex, 
involuntary contraction of muscles ex¬ 
cited by percussion of certain bones 
in the extremities, often accentuated 
in disease. P. rhinoplasty, i^rhino- 

PDASTY. 

per*i-os-te-i'tis. = Periostitis. 
per-i-os'te-o-. Relating to the perioste¬ 
um: a combining form. [< perioste¬ 
um.] per'i-os-te-o'ma = periostoma. 

—per-i-os‘te-o-med-ul-li'tis, periostitis 
and medullitis.— per-i-os*te-osos*te-o- 
my-e-li'tis, inflammation of the peri¬ 
osteum and the marrow of a bone. 

— per-i-os*te-o-phy'ma, per-i-os'te-o- 
phyte, a swelling or growth attached 
to the periosteum.— per-i-os'te-o-tome, 
a knife or other instrument for cutting 
the periosteum.— per'i-os-te-ot'o-my, 
the surgical incision or slitting of the Periqste- 
periosteum. oto.me. 

per-i-os'te um. The fibrous membrane 

forming the immediate covering of the bones. P. 
alveola're*, alveolar periosteum. [< Kepi around 
-h oCTrfoP bone.] tP®r-i-os'te ous; per-i-os'tic. 
per*i-os-ti'tis. Inflammation of the periosteum, 
usually due to trauma, but also secondary to 
other diseases. P. albumino'sa, periostitis with 
a serous exudate. Dental p., inflammation of the 
membrane investing the roots of teeth. P. fibro'- 
sa, periostitis leading to the formation of fibrous 
layers. Hemorrhagic p., periostitis in which 
there is bleeding between the periosteum and the 
bone. P. inter'na cra'nii = peripachymeningi¬ 
tis. P. malig'na or phlegmono'sa = osteomyeli¬ 
tis DIFFUSA spontanea. P. ossif'icans, periostitis 
with the formation of osteophytes. Precocious 
p., syphilitic osteoperiostitis when it occurs 
as an early symptom. P. purulen'ta, periostitis 
with the formation of pus. P. scorbu'tica, 
periostitis caused by scorbutic hemorrhage. P. 
syphilit'ica, or gummo'sa, periostitis caused 
by the infiltration of syphilomata. tP®r*i-os- 
tit'ic. 

perfl-os-to'ma. A morbid osseous formation sur¬ 
rounding a bone; a periostome. 
per-i-os'to-med-ul-li'tis. Inflammation of both the 
periosteum and the marrow, 
perfl-os-to'sis. i. The progress or formation of per¬ 
iostoma. 2. Periostoma. Exostosis. 
per*i-os-tos-te-i'tis. Periosteitis with osteitis, 
per-i-os-tot'o-my. = Periosteotomy. 
p*er-i-o'tic. i. Surrounding or situated about the 
ear. 2. The periotic bone. P. bone, the petrous 
and mastoid portions of the temporal bone. P. 
capsule, the tissue surrounding the auditory sacs 
in the embryo. P. cartilage, a conspicuous oval 
mass on each side of the upper surface of the fetal 
chondrocranium. [< Kepi round -f ouf ear.] 
peri-o-va-ri'tis. = Perioophoritis. 
per-i-ov'u-lar. Surrounding the ovum. 


















PERIPACHYMENINGITIS 


711 


PERISCOPIC 


per-i-pacli’y-men-in-gi'tis. Inflammation of the tis¬ 
sue which surrounds the spinal dura mater, 
per-i-pan'cre-a-ti'tis. Inflammation of the tissue 
surrounding the pancreas, 
per-i-pap'il-la-ry. Occurring or seated around the 
optic papilla or disk. 

per*i-pa-tet'ic. Travelling; walking about, as P. 

typhoid — WALKING typhoid. 
per-i-pe'ni al. Surrounding the penis. P. muscle, 
the incomplete envelope of smooth muscular fibres 
surrounding parts of the penis, 
perd-pha-ci'tis. Inflammation of the capsule of the 
crystalline lens; circumfused phacitis. 
pe-riph'a-cus. The capsule of the crystalline lens, 
pefi-pha-ryn'ge al. Situated around, or surround¬ 
ing, the pharynx. 

pe-riph'e-rad. Away from the centre; toward the 
periphery. 

pe-riph'e-ral, per-i-pher'ic, per-i-pher'i-cal. Relat¬ 
ing to the periphery, or situated around the pe¬ 
riphery, of an organ. P. acinesia, acinesia due 
to lesion of the muscle, the motor nerves, or the 
anterior horns of gray matter of the spinal cord. 
P. anaesthesia, anaesthesia due to lesion of the end* 
organs of the nerves, as opposed to central anaes¬ 
thesia. P. aneurism, one which involves the 
entire circumference of an artery. P. aspect, the 
aspect toward the circumference of an organ. 
P. epilepsy = jacksonian epilepsy. P. impulses, 
the influence which is transmitted from the nerves 
of any particular part of the body to the centres 
of the nervous system (i. e., the brain and the spinal 
cord). P. lamellae, m- circumferential lamella. 
P. layer, the outer portion of the molecular layer 
of the cerebral cortex. P. lesion, a lesion of the 
nerve*trunks or their terminations. P. nervotabes, 
a disturbance clinically like tabes in which the 
spinal cord remains intact. It is due to a paren¬ 
chymatous neuritis of the cutaneous nerves. P. 
nervous system. i^Nervous system. P. neuritis, 
inflammation of peripheral nerves; multiple 
NEURITIS; polyneuritis. P. nucleus = insular 
NUCLEUS. P. neuroma, a neuroma situated about 
the circumference of a nerve. P. osteosarcoma, 
osteosarcoma. P. paralysis, paralysis due to 
lesion of the peripheral nerves. P. paraplegia, 
paraplegia due to pressure upon nerves. P. re¬ 
sistance, the resistance to the outflow of the blood 
as the internal friction of the smaller tubes is 
reached. P. veins, the interlobular veins. P. vis¬ 
ion, vision in which the image is not formed on 
the fovea centralis; indirect vision, 
pe-riph'e-ral-ly. Peripherad. 

pe-riph'e-ra-phose. An aphose having its origin in 
the periphery. 

pe-riph'e-ro-cen'tral. Both peripheral and central 
in character but dominantly the former, 
pe-riph'e-ro-phose. A subjective impression of light 
originating in the eye or optic nerve, 
pe-riph'e-ry. The circumference of a circle; the 
outer parts of the body; the surface; the parts 
remote from the nerve*centres. ^Peripheral. 
[< TTEpi aboutto carry.] 
per-i-phle-bi'tis. Inflammation of the outer or ad¬ 
ventitious coat of a vein. (^Periarteritis; peri¬ 
vasculitis. tp®r‘i-phle-bit'ic. 

Periplane'ta orienta'lis. The common cockroach, 
formerly known as Blat'ta orienta'lis. 
per'i-plasm. A layer of hyaline tissue surrounding 
a cell. 

per'i-plast. i. The protoplasm surrounding the 
nucleus of a cell. 2. The tissue*stroma, or intercel¬ 


lular substance, ts- Centrosome. tP®r-i-plas'tic. 
per'i-pleu-ri'tis. Inflammation, often suppurative, 
of the connective tissues between the ribs and the 
costal pleura. It may be associated with actino¬ 
mycosis. [< TTEp'i around -I- Pleura.] 

Perip'loca. A genus of twining vines. From the 
bark of the species P. grce'ca is obtained pe-rip'- 
lo-cin, a crystalline*glucoside with properties like 
DIGITALIS. Maximum subcutaneous dose, 0.001 
Gm. (J-o gr.). 

pe-rip'ly-sis. A thin, watery diarrhoea. [< rcepi in¬ 
tensive -f ttXvgi^ washing.] 
perd-pneu-mo'ni a. Inflammation of the substance 
. of the lungs, being that part which surrounds the 
airspassages, caused by organisms occupying the 
border-line between the visible and ultramicro- 
scopic. (^Pneumonia. P. no'tha, “spurious or 
bastard peripneumonia,” a variety of acute bron¬ 
chitis. 


peri-pneu-mo-ni'tis. (^Pneumonia. 
per-i-po'lar zone. The region surrounding the polar 
zone on the body of a patient undergoing electri¬ 
zation. 

per-i-por'tal. Situated around the portal vein. P. 
carcinoma, carcinoma of the liver beginning 
around the entrance of the portal vein into the 
liver and extending along the portal vessels, 
per'i-proc-ti'tis. Inflammation of the loose cellular 
tissues surrounding the rectum, often leading to 
abscess and rectal fistula. (^Pelviperitonitis. 
per-i-proc'ti um. The tract about the rectum and. 
the anus. [< Trep'i around -1- npoKTog anus.] fper- 
i-proc'tic. 

perd-pros-tat'ic. Situated around the prostate, 
perd-pros-ta-ti'tis. Inflammation of the tissues 
around the prostate. 

per-i-pso-i'tis. Inflammation of connective tissue 
surrounding the psoas muscle, 
pe-rip-syg'mus. A chill. 

perd-py-e'ma. Suppuration around an organ, 
per’i-py-le-phle-bi'tis. Inflammation of the tissues 
which surround or enfold the portal vein. P. 
syphilit'ica, gumma formation around the portal 
vein. [< Tvepi around -t- tcvTit/ gate -f vein.] 

per-i-rec'tal. Surrounding the rectum; periproctic, 
perd-rec-ti'tis. •= Periproctitis. 
per-i-re'nal. Surrounding or situated near the kid¬ 
ney. P. arteries, branches of the renal arteries to 
the capsule of the kidney and the perirenal fat. 
per-i-rhi'nal. Situated near or about the nose, 
per-ir-ri-ga'tion. Rinsing of the thoracic cavity in 
empyema by means of a cannula introduced at 
the back and one at the front, 
perd-sal-pin-gi'tis. Inflammation of the peritoneal 
substance around the fal¬ 
lopian tube. 

per* i-s al-pi n* go-b-va-ri' ti s. 

Inflammation causing ad¬ 
hesion between the ovaries 
and oviducts. 

per-i-sal'pinx. The perito¬ 
neum covering the oviduct, 
peri-sar-co'ma. = Rhino- 
scleroma. 

per-i-scle-ri'tis. = Episcle¬ 
ritis. 

per-i-scop'ic. Giving a clear 
vision on all sides: said 
of concavoconvex lenses 
and spectacles. P. lens, a 
convexoconcave lens. [< Trepi around -t- GKorrelv 
to look.] tper'i-sco-pism. 




Periscopic Lenses.— 
a. Plane, b. Negative, 
c. Positive. 

concavoconvex or 








PERISIALODOCHITIS 


712 


PERITONITIC 


per-i-si’a-lo-do-chi'tis. Inflammation of the tissue 
around Stenson’s duct. [< nefn around + G'ia?.ov 
saliva + dkx^odai to receive.] 
perd-sig-moi-di'tis. Inflammation of the perito¬ 
neum covering the sigmoid flexure of the colon. 
per*i-si-nus-i'tis, -sin-u-i'tis. Inflammation about 
a cerebral sinus. 

per-i-sin'u ous. Surrounding a Cerebral sinus, 
perd-sper-ma-ti'tis. Inflammation around the sper¬ 
matic cord. P. sero'sa, encysted hydrocele of 
the cord. 

per-i-splen'ic. Situated near the spleen, 
perd-sple-ni'tis. Inflammation of the capsule or of 
the peritoneal covering of the spleen. P. cartila- 
gin'ea, inflammatory hypertrophy causing the 
capsule of the spleen to assume a cartilaginous 
hardness, fperd-sple-nit'ic. 
perd-spon-dy-li'tis. Inflammation of the tissues sur¬ 
rounding a vertebra. 

pe-ris'sad. Having an uneven quantivalence (t. e., 
of I, 3, 5, etc.). [< Treptaaog odd,] 
pe-ris-sar'ti-ad. Having a valence sometimes odd 
and sometimes even, as iron, 
pe-ris-so'ma, pi. -so'mata. Excrement; an excre¬ 
tion. [< Tzepiaaufia remainder.] 
per-i-stal'sis. The peculiar wormlike (vermicular) 
movement of the intestines and other tubular or¬ 
gans, by which they gradually propel their con¬ 
tents onward. Peristalsis is produced by the com¬ 
bined action of circular and longitudinal muscu¬ 
lar fibres and takes place in the intestine at the 
rate of about 3 cm. (i^ in.) per second. Reversed 
p., peristaltic motion in a direction opposite to 
that of normal peristalsis. [< TrepiareAl^fv to 
wrap up.] tP®J'-i-staPtic, as P. movement — per¬ 
istalsis: P. unrest, increased peristalsis of the 
stomach following eating, in certain cases of neu¬ 
rasthenia: P. wave, the wave produced .by the 
advance of a peristaltic movement. 
per-i-staPtin. A proprietary name for a glucoside 

from CASCARA SAGRADA. 

per-i-staph'y-line. Belonging to the uvula: applied 
to two muscles of the palate, the external, or cir- 
cumflexus palati, and the internal, or levator pal- 
ati. [ < TTepi around -b crra^fA^ uvula.] 
perd-staph-y-li'tis. Inflammation of the tissues 
about the uvula. 

per-i-staph*y-lo-pha-ryn'ge us. The first or upper 
portion of the palatopharyngeus muscle; the sec¬ 
ond or middle portion is termed pharyngostaphy- 
linus; the third or lower portion, thyrostaphylinus. 
per-i-ster'na. A name given to the lateral parts of 
the chest. 

pe-ris'to-le. The peristaltic motion of the intestines, 
pe-ris'to-ma. The margin or circumference of a 
mouth or mouthslike opening, 
per-i-stro'ma. The innermost or mucous coat, as 
of an intestine. 

per'i-stru-mi'tis. Inflammation around a goitre. 
per‘i-sy-no'vi-al. Surrounding a synovial structure, 
per-i-sys'to-le. The short interval of time between 
the contraction and dilatation of the heart, 
per-i-tar'sal. Surrounding the tarsus, as P. net¬ 
work, a network of lymphatics in the eyelid, 
per’i-ten-din'i um. The sheath or loose connective 
tissue which surrounds a tendon, 
per-i-the'ci um. An opening in a plant through 
which the asci escape, as in ergot, 
peri-the-li-o'ma. A tumor of perithelium, 
per-i-the'li um. The delicate layer of connective 
tissue surrounding the capillaries. tP®r*i-the'li al. 
perd-tho-rac'ic. Surrounding the thorax. 


pe-rith'ral cells. Plasmascells surrounding the walls 
of blood*vessels. 

perd-thy-roi-di'tis. Inflammation of the capsule of 
the thyroid gland. 

pe-rit'o-my. i. The removal of a .strip of the con¬ 
junctiva (3 to 5 mm. wide) about the cornea for 
the cure of pannus; syndectomy. 2. Circumci¬ 
sion. tpe-rit'o-mist. 

peri-to-nae-al'gi a. Neuralgia of the peritoneum, 
perd-to-nae-oc'ly-sis. Throwing of liquids into the 
peritoneal or abdominal cavity, 
perd-to-nae'um*. = Peritoneum. 
per'i-to-ne'al. Relating to the peritoneum. P. 
artery, a branch of the common iliac artery to the 
adjacent peritoneum. P. cavity, the space within 
the folds of the peritoneum, between the visceral 
and parietal peritoneum; cavum peritonaei*. P. 
fever, peritonitis. P. fissure, a fissure in the lat¬ 
eral mesoblastic plates of the embryo, forming 
the first vestiges of the visceral cavity. P. preg¬ 
nancy, primary abdominal pregnancy. P. sac = 
PERITONEAL CAVITY. P. transfusion, introduction 
of blood into the peritoneal cavity, that it may 
be absorbed into the system, 
perd-to-ne'o-pex-y. Fixation of the uterus in re¬ 
troflexion by the vaginal route, 
perd-to-ne'o-plas-ty. Plastic peritoneal surgery, 
peri-to-ne-ot'o-my. Incision into the peritoneum, 
per-i-to-ne'um or perd-to-nae'um*. A strong serous 
membrane investing the parietes {Parietal p.) and 
viscera {Visceral p.) 
of the abdomen. 

The Parietal p. {P. 
parietale*) covers 
the abdominal and 
pelvic walls and the 
under surface of the 
diaphragm. The 
Visceral p. {P. vis- 
cerale*) covers the 
liver, the stomach, 
the spleen, part of 
the duodenum, the 
jejunum, the ileum, 
the transverse co¬ 
lon, part of the rec¬ 
tum, the uterus and 
ovaries, the poste¬ 
rior wall of the blad¬ 
der, and the upper 
part of the vagina. 

The space between 
the visceral and the 
parietal peritoneum 
is the peritoneal 
cavity. The peri¬ 
toneum also gives 
off folds {mesenter¬ 
ies) which hold the 
intestines in place, 
folds {omenta) con¬ 
nected with the 
stomach, and proc¬ 
esses {ligaments) 
which aid in sup¬ 
porting the uterus, 
bladder, liver, and 
spleen. [< Trepire'i- 
vetv to stretch around or stretch all over.] 
per'i-to-nism, perd-to-nis'mus. Spurious peritoni¬ 
tis ; a neurosis simulating true peritonitis, 
perd-to-nit'ic. Relating to peritonitis, as P. fluid 



Diagram Showing General 
Arrangement OF Peritone¬ 
um.— I. Foramen of Wins¬ 
low. 2. Lesser sac of perito¬ 
neum. 3. Mesentery. 4. Les¬ 
ser or gastrohepatic omen¬ 
tum. 5. Greater sac of peri¬ 
toneum. 6. Transverse mes¬ 
ocolon. 7. Greater omentum. 
L. Liver. S. Stomach. P. Pan¬ 
creas. D. Duodenum. TC. 
Transverse colon. I. Small 
intestine. R. Rectum. Bl. 
Bladder. U. Uterus. The ar¬ 
row passes from the greater 
into the lesser sac through 
the foramen of Winslow. 
(Piersol.) 









PERITONITIS 


713 


per*i-to-ni'tIs. Inflammation of the peritoneum, 
particularly of that lining the parietes of the ab¬ 
domen: when it attacks that investing any of 
the viscera, it is usually secondary to inflam¬ 
mation of the viscus, such as enteritis, gastritis, 
hepatitis, etc. Its popular name is “ inflamma¬ 
tion of the bowels.” The prominent symptom 
of acute peritonitis is severe pain in the abdomen, 
at first localized, but quickly spreading over the 
whole abdomen, and increased by pressure or 
movement. Abdominal respiration is restrained 
or entirely checked, as the necessary movements 
increase the pain. The appetite is completely 
lost, but there is intense thirst. Nausea, vomit¬ 
ing, and constipation are other symptoms of this 
disease, which is more common in females than 
in males, on account of the relation of the perito¬ 
neum to the uterus. Adhesive p., peritonitis in 
which the visceral and parietal layers are adherent 
at various points. Carcinomatous p., peritonitis 
due to carcinoma. Circumscribed p., peritonitis 
limited to a portion of the peritoneum. P. defor'- 
mans, chronic peritonitis, especially restricted to 
the mesentery, causing contractions and thicken¬ 
ings in it. Diaphragmatic p., inflammation of the 
peritoneum covering the under surface of the dia¬ 
phragm. Diffuse p., peritonitis diffused over the 
whole peritoneum; general p. Encysted p., peri¬ 
tonitis in which the peritoneum forms sacs con¬ 
taining serum or pus. Exudative p., peritonitis 
with copioiis exudation. Fibrocaseous p., perito¬ 
nitis with fibrous and caseous degeneration due to 
tuberculous infection. General p., diffuse P. Gon¬ 
orrhoeal p., peritonitis due to gonorrhoeal infec¬ 
tion: often spread by way of the fallopian tubes. 
Hemorrhagic p., peritonitis with hemorrhage into 
the membranes. Hysterial p., a form of false peri¬ 
tonitis sometimes met with in hysterical patients. 
Idiopathic p., peritonitis due to exposure to cold 
and wet. Infantile p., peritonitis occurring soon 
after birth due to various infections. Metastatic 
p., septic p. Pelvic p., peritonitis located in 
the pelvis; perimetritis. Perforative p., trau¬ 
matic p. Pneumococcic p., peritonitis due to in¬ 
vasion of pneumococci. Puerperal p., septic peri¬ 
tonitis following childbirth. k^Puerperal fever. 
Purulent p., peritonitis attended by the formation 
of pus. Sarcomatous p., peritonitis due to sarcoma. 
Septic p., peritonitis due to septic infection; met¬ 
astatic p. P. sero'sa, peritonitis with serous ef¬ 
fusion. Traumatic p., peritonitis due to wound 
from external injury or from rupture or perfora¬ 
tion {Perforative p.) of one of the viscera. Tuber¬ 
culous p., peritonitis due to tuberculosis. 

per-i-ton'sil-lar. Situated near the tonsil. P. ab¬ 
scess = QUINSY. 

perd-ton-sil-li'tis. Inflammation of the tissues 

around the tonsil. 

per-i-tra'che al. Situated around the trachea. 

per’i-tra-che-i'tis. Inflammation of the tissues 

around the trachea. 

per-i-trich'i a. Bacteria with numerous flagella 
attached at different places, fper-i-trich'i ous. 

perd-tro-chan-ter'ic. Situated around a trochanter. 

perd-ty-phli'tis. Circumscribed inflammation of the 
peritoneum surrounding the caecum and vermi¬ 
form appendix. gs-Appendicitis ; paratyphlitis ; 
peritonitis; typhlitis. P. actinomycot'ica, ac¬ 
tinomycosis in the region around the caecum, 
tper'i-ty-phlit'ic. 

peri-um-biTi-cal. Situated or occurring around the 
umbilicus. 


PERMANENT 

per-i-u-re'ter-al, per*i-u-re-ter'ic. Situated around 
a ureter. 

perd-u-re-te-ri'tis. Inflammation of the connective 
tissue about the ureter, due to trauma or severe 
gonorrhoea. 

perd-u-re'thral. Situated around the urethra, 
perd-u-re-thri'tis. Inflammation of the tissue about 
the urethra. 

per-i-u'te-rine. Surrounding or near the uterus. 
per*i-vag-i-ni'tis. Inflammation of the tissue around 
the vagina, Paracolpitis. P. sim'plex, simple 
uncomplicated perivaginitis; Mahler’s disease, 
per-i-vas'cu-lar. Surrounding a vessel. P. canals, 
canals formed by the pia mater around the vessels 
of the brain. P. lymphatics, lymphatic vessels 
which ensheathe a blood-vessel. P. sheath, the 
sheath forming a perivascular canal, as of the pia 
mater, retina, etc. 

perd-vas-cu-li'tis. Inflammation of a perivascular 
tissue or sheath, often nodose or tubercular. t 39 - 
Periarteritis ; periphlebitis. 
per-i-ve'nous. Situated around or about a vein, 
per-i-ves'i-cal. Surrounding the bladder, 
per-i-vis'ce-ral. Situated around a viscus or viscera, 
as P. fluid. [< rrept around -t- L. vis'cus.] 
per-i-vis-ce-ri'tis. Inflammation around a viscus. 
per*i-vi-tel'line. Situated around or surrounding a 
yolk or vitellus. P. space, the space between the 
zona pellucida and the vitelline membrane due to 
the shrinking of the latter, 
per'i-win-kle. i. A creeping evergreen plant of the 
genus Vin'ca. 2. A small univalve mollusc, 
per-i-xen-i'tis. Inflammation around a foreign body 
which is embedded in the tissue, 
per-i-zo'ma. A name for the diaphragm. 
Per'kin-ism. A mode of treatment first employed 
by Dr. Elisha Perkins, of Norwich, Connecticut ; 
tractoration. It consisted in applying to the dis¬ 
eased part the extremities of two metallic rods, 
made of different metals, and called metallic trac¬ 
tors. Equal success was obtained by using painted 
wooden rods, and any benefit derived was ob¬ 
viously through the influence of the imagination, 
perl&che (p^r-lesh). A contagious bacterial disease 
affecting the lips, often epidemic in schools, con¬ 
sisting in a lesion of the labial commissure. It 
affects children especially and lasts 15 or 20 days, 
perles of Laennec (p^rlz). Round gelatinous mas.ses 
which when unfolded are seen to be mucous 
moulds of the smaller bronchial tubes. 

Perles’s anaemia bodies (p^rlz). Small, motile bodies, 
shaped like a club, found in the blood in certain 
cases of pernicious anaemia. 

Perlia’s central nucleus (p#r'li-az). The nuclear 
centre for movements of the eye in the gray mat¬ 
ter below the sylvian aqueduct; Spitzka’s nucleus, 
per'loid. A proprietary capsule: used in the ad¬ 
ministration of medicines. 

Perl’s test. The ferrocyanide test for iron in the 
tissues. 

Perl'sucht. = Pearl disease. [Ger.] 
per'ma-nent. Durable; continuing in the same state: 
applied to a gas which is aeriform at all tempera¬ 
tures and under all pressures; also to salts which 
are not deliquescent or efflorescent. &- Persis¬ 
tent. P. blister, a blister produced by removing 
the raised epidermis from an ordinary blister and 
blistering the exposed surface so as to prevent its 
healing. P. cartilage, a cartilage which does not 
become ossified. P. magnet, a magnet which re¬ 
tains its properties indefinitely. P. ovum, a fully 
developed ovum, capable of being fertilized. P. 


PERMANGANATE 


714 


PEROXOLES 


salt, a salt which is not changed by the air. P. 
teeth, the teeth of the second dentition; dentes 
permanentes*. [ < L. permane're to continue.] 
per-man'ga-nate. A salt of permanganic acid. P. 
gauze, ordinary gauze saturated with a i% aque¬ 
ous solution of potassium permanganate: used for 
dressings in cases where there is an ilhsmelling 
discharge. 

per-man-gan'ic acid. The acid HMnO^. 
per'me-a-bil'i-ty. That property of certain bodies 
which permits others to pass through their pores, 
tper'me-a-ble, as P. stricture, a stricture permit¬ 
ting the passage of an instrument, 
per-mis'tion, -mix'ion. A complete mingling or mix¬ 
ture. [< L. per through or thorough + misce're 
to mix.] 

per-ni'cious. Baleful; deleterious; highly danger¬ 
ous. P. ana2mia= IDIOPATHIC anaemia. P. fever, 
a form of congestive intermittent, of great fatal¬ 
ity. P. malarial fever, MALARIA. P. tertian ma¬ 
laria, aestivosautumnal malaria. P. vomiting, 
VOMITING. [< L. pernicio'sus.] 
per'ni o. A kibe, frostsbite, or chilblain, fs- Con¬ 
gelation. P. sim'plex, “ simple chilblain,” chil¬ 
blain in which the cuticle is unbroken. [L.] 
pe'ro. The external gray layer of the olfactory 
bulb, from which the nerves of the olfactory tract 
arise. [L., “boot.”] 

pe'ro-. Denoting deficiency; maimed: a combining 
form. [ < TTTjpog maimed.] pe-ro-bra'chi us, a mon¬ 
ster whose forearms and hands are malformed. 

Abrachia. tpe-ro-bra'chi al.— pe-ro-ceph'a- 
lus, a monster * fcetus with an incomplete head. 

— pe-ro-chi'rus, a foetus with a defective forma¬ 
tion of hands or feet, fpe-ro-chi'rous. — pe-ro- 
cor'mus, a monster whose body is malformed.— 
pe-ro-dac'tyl-us, a foetus with malformation of 
fingers or toes. tP®"ro-dac'ty-lous. — pe-rom'e- 
lus, a monstersfoetus all of whose limbs are defect¬ 
ive or malformed. i^Amelus; micromelus ; pho- 
COMELUS. — pe-rom'o-plas-ty, the post=operative 
formation of a new stump from one which pro¬ 
jects.— pe-ro-pla'si a, defect in formation. tpC" 
ro-plas'tic. — pe'ro-pus, a monster with both lower 
extremities malformed or abnormally small.— 

— pe-ro'sis, any defect or deprival, as blindness or 
lameness: applied both to congenital and to ac¬ 
quired defects.— pe-ro-so'mus, a monster whose 
body is malformed. 

per-o-nae'us, per-o-ne'us. Any one of several mus¬ 
cles. P. accesso'rius, an occasional muscle arising 
between the peronaeus longus and peronaeus bre¬ 
vis and joining the tendon of the peronaeus longus 
in the sole. P. bre'vis, a muscle of the leg, aris¬ 
ing from the lower two^thirds of the external sur¬ 
face of the fibula and inserted into the tuberosity 
of the fifth metatarsal bone; M. peronaeus bre¬ 
vis*. P. lon'gus, a muscle placed at the outer 
part of the leg, arising from the tuberosity of the 
tibia and upper two^thirds of the fibula and pass¬ 
ing obliquely under the sole of the foot to be in¬ 
serted into the first metatarsal bone; M. peronaeus 
longus*. P. quar'tus,an occasional muscle arising 
from the back of the fibula, between the peronaeus 
brevis and the flexor hallucis, and inserted into 
the os calcis. P. quin'ti dig'iti, an occasional mus¬ 
cle arising from the lower fourth of the fibula, 
under the peronaeus brevis, and inserted into the 
aponeurosis on the extensor aponeurosis of the 
little toe. P. ter'tius, a muscle arising from the 
lower third of the fibula and inserted into the outer 
metatarsal bone; M. peronaeus tertius*. 


per‘o-nar-thro'sis. A joint in which the articular 
surfaces are saddle-shaped, 
per'o-ne. = Fibula. [< TTEpovrj brooch, fibula.] 
per-o-ne'al. Belonging to or connected with the fib¬ 
ula. P. artery, a branch of the posterior tibial 
artery lying along the back of the leg close to the 
fibula; arteria peronaea*. Just above the ankle it 
divides into an anterior and a posterior branch, 
the former passing forward to anastomose with 
the anterior tibial, the latter running downward 
to the arterial network about the ankle. P. bone, 
the fibula. P. communicating nerve, the commu- 
nicans peronei, a branch of the external popliteal 
nerve which joins the communicans tibiae to form 
the short saphenous nerve; ramus anastomoticus 
peronaeus*. P. groove, either of two shallow 
grooves on the anterior part of the external sur¬ 
face of the calcaneum .and separated by the per¬ 
oneal tubercle. The upper one lodges the tendon 
of the peronaeus brevis, the lower that of the per¬ 
onaeus longus. P. muscles, peron^us. P. 
nerve, the external popliteal nerve. P. reflex, re¬ 
flex movements of the peroneal muscles elicited 
by a stroke on them when they are tense. P. 
tubercle, a tubercle on the anterior part of the 
external surface of the calcaneum between the 
two peroneal grooves. P. type of muscular atro¬ 
phy, a family or hereditary form of muscular atro¬ 
phy, affecting first the muscles of the feet and the 
peroneal group: usually beginning early in child¬ 
hood. P. veins, veins following the course of the 
peroneal artery and discharging into the posterior 
tibial veins; venae peronaeae*. [ < L. peronae'us, 
fr. TvepovT] fibula.] 

per-o-ne'o-. Relating to the fibula: a combining 
form. [< TTfpdw/fibula.] per-o-ne‘o-cal-ca'ne al, 
relating to the fibula and the os calcis.— per-o-ne*- 
o-cal-ca'ne us, an occasional muscle arising from 
the lower part of the posterior surface of the fib¬ 
ula, its tendon passing beneath the internal an¬ 
nular ligament along with the tendon of the flex¬ 
or longus hallucis to be inserted into the fore 
part of the inner surface of the calcaneum.— per- 
o-ne'o-tib'i al, relating to both the fibula and 
the tibia.— per-o-nem-tib-i-a'lis, an occasional 
muscle arising from the inner side of the head of 
the fibula and inserted into the upper end of the 
oblique line of the tibia beneath the popliteus. 
per-o-ne'us. = Peron^us. 

per'o-nin. A hydrochloride of the benzyl ester of 
morphine: used as a toxic sedative and a substi¬ 
tute for morphine. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (+ gr.). 
per‘o-no-dac-tyl'i us. The flexor longus digitorum. 
Peronos'pora. A genus of fungi, of which P. 
Ferra'ni is said to cause yellow fever. [< TrepovT] 
point -f GTTopoQ seed.] 

Per. op. emet. Abbr. for L. perac'ta operatio'ne 
emet'ici, when the action of the emetic is over, 
pe'ro-pod. Possessing rudimentary hind limbs, 
per os. By the mouth. [L.] 

per-os'mic. Containing osmium as an octavalent 
radical. P. acid or anhydride = osmium peroxide. 
per-ox'ide. The compound which results from the 
combination of a simple body with the maximum 
amount of oxygen. P. of hydrogen = hydrogen 
PEROXIDE. tP6i^“Ox'i-dase, an oxidase acting only 
in the presence of a peroxide, per-ox'i-date or 
per-ox'i-dize. 

per-ox'oles. A collective name for various proprie¬ 
tary antiseptic and disinfectant solutions, contain- 
iiig 3% hydrogen peroxide with methoxol, cam- 
phoroxol, thymoxol, etc. 


PEROXYDASE 


716 


PERUOL 


per-ox'y-dase. An enzyme found in tobacco by 
Loew, and producing fermentation, 
per-ox-y-di'as-tase [^\I. M. ’o8.] 
per-ox-y-hy'drate. A hydrate of a peroxide, 
per-pen-dic'u-lar fissure. Occipital fissure, def. 2. 
P. line, a ridge on the posterior surface of the ulna 
separating the attachment of the extensor carpi 
ulnaris from that of the supinator brevis and the 
extensors of the thumb and indexsfinger. P. oc¬ 
cipital fasciculus, a bundle of fibres passing from 
the inferior parietal lobule to the inferior occipito¬ 
temporal convolution. P. plate, the median ver¬ 
tical plate of the ethmoid bone; lamina perpen- 


dicularis*. 

per-pli-ca'tion. The operation of drawing the end 
of a divided vessel through an incision into its 
own wall. [< L. per through-f-^/fcaVe to fold.] 
per-pce'na. A proprietary coabtar antirheumatic, 
per rec'tum. Through the rectum. [L.] 
per'ry. Pear cider. 

pePssalt. A salt containing the highest acidity in a 
series. 

per sal'tum. By leaps. [L.] 

per'se-ite. A crystalline compound, C^HjgOy, from 
the fruit and leaves of Lau'rus per'sea. 
per-sev-e-ra'tion. The senseless repetition of a 
word just pronounced or an act accomplished: 
either a fimctional or an exhaustion psychosis. 
Per'sian balsam. =Tinctura benzoini compos- 
iTA*. P. fire, 
carbuncle or an¬ 
thrax. 

per-sim'mon. = 

Diospyros vir- 

GINIANA. 

per-sis'tence time. 

The brief period 
between the 
contraction and 
relaxation of the 
ventricle, during 
which the aortic 
orifice is wide 
open and the 
semilunar valves 
on the point of 
closing. 

per-sis'tent. Con¬ 
stant; perma¬ 
nent ; remaining. 

P. erection = 

PRIAPISM. P. tre¬ 
mor, dP-TREMOR. 
pePso-dine. A pro¬ 
prietary appeti¬ 
zer of sodium 
persulphate wit h 
sulphuric acid, 
per'so-nal equa¬ 
tion. The uni¬ 
form average 
short interval by 
which a given 
observer will re- 





















Personal Equation as Shown 
BY A Kymograph Record.— 
The successive intersections of 
the vertical line with the horizon¬ 
tal ones occur at intervals of one 
second and are accompanied by 
an audible signal that the obser¬ 
ver attempts to keep time with 
by tapping a key which produces 
a dot on the line. The first ob¬ 
server (a) is always late in mark¬ 
ing the time; the second (b) 
averages a little ahead of time. 
The scale indicates hundredths 
of a second. 


cord an anticipated occurrence before or after 
it actually happens: thus of two persons at¬ 
tempting to beat time to music one will usually 
be uniformly ahead of or behind the other. It 
should not be confused with reaction time, where 
there is no forewarning, nor used loosely, as is 
sometimes done, for any personal peculiarity or 
idiosyncrasy. 


per-so-nal'ity. The characteristics which distinguish 
one person from another. Disintegration (altera¬ 
tion) of p., dissociated, disordered, or multiple p., 
an abnormal state, the sense of personality being 
interrupted by the interposition of a secondary 
(dual) or triple p. Double consciousness. 
per-spi-ra'tion. i. = Sweat. 2. The process or 
function of sweating, more or less continuous in 
the form of an insensible vapor, fpcr-spi'ra-to-ry, 
as P. gland = sudoriparous gland. 
per-sul'phate. A sulphate containing a greater pro¬ 
portion of sulphuric acid than a protosulphate, 
per-sul'phide. A sulphide containing a greater pro¬ 
portion of sulphur than a protosulphide, 
per-sul-phu'ric oxide. Sulphuric peroxide ; a chem¬ 
ical compound, SgO^: it exists in aqueous solution, 
perte (pert). Loss. P. blanche = leucorrhgea. P. 

uterine, uterine hemorrhage. [F.] 
per-ter-e-bra'tion. The act of boring through; tre¬ 
phining. [< L. per through-f/erei>raVe to bore.] 
Perthe’s symptom complex. [^/. M. ’03.] 
per tu'bam. Through the eustachian tube. [L.] 
per-tur-ba'tio crit'ica. A critical disturbance or ex¬ 
citement of the organism, forming the crisis of a 
disease, especially in a fever. [L.] 
per-tur-ba'tion. In pathology, excessive restless¬ 
ness or disquiet; an interrupted or disturbed state 
of a function. 

per-tu'sion. The act of piercing, as a vein in blood* 
letting; a deep wound made by piercing. [< L. 
per through +/wn'dcT-f? to strike.] 
per-tus'sin. A saccharated extract of thyme pre¬ 
pared by Taeschner, of Berlin: used in pertussis, 
per-tus'sis. An infectious specific disease, probably^ 
due to the short bacillus with rounded ends 
described in igo6 by Bordet and Gengou, chiefly 
affecting children, lasting six or eight weeks, 
rarely attacking the same person twice, and ac¬ 
companied by a peculiar spasmodic cough and 
respiratory catarrh; whoopingscough. The period 
of incubation is usually from three to four days. 
Three stages may be distinguished. The first or 
catarrhal stage is marked by catarrhal inflamma¬ 
tion of the nose, throat, and bronchi, with or 
without fever, and a rather severe cough. The 
second stage begins in a week or two, and is 
marked by the peculiar paroxysmal cough, which 
consists of a series of short, rapid, explosive 
coughs, without any inspiration between them, 
and continuing until the patient’s countenance is 
dark and swollen from venous congestion. This 
is followed by a deep inspiration, accompanied 
by a crowing or whooping sound. The coughing 
may be repeated, and is frequently followed by 
vomiting or hemorrhage. This stage lasts from 
two to eight weeks, and is followed by the third 
stage, which is marked by gradual amelioration. 
The treatment is chiefly hygienic and tonic; 
though medication should be directed against the 
nervous and catarrhal elements of the disease. 
The use of an abdominal bandage is strongly to 
be recommended, fper-tus'sal. 
pe-ru-a'num. An element said to have been found 
in 1899 in a mineral of Peru. 

Pe-ru' balsam. = Balsam of peru. 
perucognac (p6-ru-c6n-yac). An antituberculous 
preparation of cognac, balsam of Peru, and cin¬ 
namic acid. 

pe-ru'gen. A proprietary synthetic preparation of 
balsam of Peru: used in scabies, 
per'u-ol. An almost colorless preparation of balsam 
of Peru: used in scabies. 
























PERUSALVIN 


716 


PETIT’S CANAL 


pe-ru-sal'vin. A proprietary preparation of balsam 
of Peru, salvin, and resins: used by inhalation in 
bronchial troubles. 

pe-ru-sca'bin. Synthetic benzoicsacid benzyl ester: 
used in scabies. 

Pe-ru'vian balsam. = Balsam of Peru. P. bark, 
== Cinchona*, def. 2. P. warts = verrugas, 
def. 2. 

pe-ru'vin. A cinnamic alcohol from balsam of Peru, 
per vagPnam. Through the vagina. [L.] 
per-verse' labor. Labor in which the child occu¬ 
pies an abnormal position. P. temperature sen¬ 
sation, 13 ^-TEMPERATURE. 

per-ver'sion. o- Sexual perversion. P. of appe¬ 
tite, ^ PICA. tP®*‘'vert. 

per-vi-giPium. Disinclination to sleep; watching; 
vigilance; physiological wakefulness; voluntary 
vigil; agrypnia; insomnia. [ < L. per intensive 
+vigtla're to watch.] 

per'vious. Permeable; penetrable; admitting pas¬ 
sage. [< L. per'yius, fr. per through + vi'a way.] 
pes*, pi. pe'des. i. The foot; the base on which 
the body rests when standing, Talipes. 2. 
= Crusta, def. 2. P. accesso'rius = eminentia 
coLLATERALis*. P. anserf'nus, “ goosesfoot,” the 
parotidean plexus of the facial nerve; plexus paro- 
tideus*: so called from the fancied resemblance 
of its distribution. P. arcua'tus = talipes arcua- 
Tus. P. calca'neus, ^ talipes. P. ca'vus or ex- 
cava'tus, a condition in which the toes are flexed 
and the weight of the body rests on the anterior 
end of the dorsum of the foot. P. cer'ebri = 
CRUSTA, def. 2. P. corvi'nus, “ crow’s-foot ”; the 
wrinkles spreading from the outer canthus of the 
eye. P. equi'nus = talipes equinus. P. febri'- 
citans = elephantiasis. P. fungo'sus, fungus 
foot; MYCETOMA. P. gi'gas = MACROPODIA. P. 
hippocam'pi, “ foot of the hippocampus,” properly 
the lower and anterior extremity of the hippo¬ 
campus, but sometimes used as synonymous with 
hippocampus. P. pla'nus, flat-foot; the condition 
of a flattened plantar arch; talipes planus. P. 
portion, the lower surface 
of the crus cerebri. P. 
val'gus and va'rus, 

TALIPES. [L.] 
pes'sa-ry. i. An instru¬ 
ment, usually in the form 
of a ring or a ball, for 

introduction of medicine 

• 

into the vagina or to 
prevent or remedy the 
prolapse of the uterus. 

Among the specially 
named varieties are cup, 

LEVER, RING, STEM, etC. 

2. A medicated mass 
(medicated p.) for intro¬ 
duction into the vagina, Tampon. [< L. pes- 
sa'rium, fr. rreccog oval-shaped stone.] 
pes-si'ma. A skin disease marked by universal hard, 
brownish pustules surrounded by inflammatory 
areolae. [< rzeaod checker-board.] 
pes'si-mism. A morbid mental attitude of putting 
the worst possible construction upon everything: 
common in melancholia. [< L. pes'simus worst.] 
pes^su-lum, -Jus, pes'sum, pes'sus. = Pessary. [L.] 
pest. = Pestis. P.shouse, a hospital for small¬ 
pox or other contagious diseases, 
peseta mag'na. An old name for smallpox, 
pes'ti-duct. An obsolete word denoting a channel 
of the plague or of any infectious disease. 




Pessaries. 


pes-tif'e-rous. Producing or causing pestilence, 
pes-tif'u-gous. Fleeing the plague, 
pes'ti-lence. A contagious or infectious disease 
which is epidemic, or endemic, and often fatal; a 
PLAGUE. P. wart = PETASITES VULGARIS. [<L. 
pestilen'tia, fr. pes'tis plague.] fpes-ti-len'tial, 
pes'ti-lent, as P. bubo, a bubo of plague: and 
P. fever, i. = Typhus fever. 2. = Plague. 
pes'tis. I. The bubonic plague, a contagious dis¬ 
ease characterized by a low form of fever, great 
prostration of strength, buboes, carbuncles, pe- 
techiae, hemorrhage, and sometimes diarrhoea. 
It is caused by the bacillus pestis. 2. Former¬ 
ly any epidemic disease accompanied by great 
mortality. P. america'na = yellow fever. P. 
mi'nor, a mild form of bubonic plague usually 
seen at the commencement of an outbreak; am¬ 
bulant plague; masked pestilence. [L.] 
pes'tle. An instrument used with a mortar for con¬ 
tusing or triturating substances. [< L. pistil'lum, 
fr. pin'sere to pound or bruise.] 
pet'al. A flower-leaf; a corolla leaf. Sepal. 
tpet'aled. pet'a-li-form. pet'a-lous. pet'a-line. 
pet'a-loid. 

pet‘a-lo-bac-te'ri a. Bacteria which become massed 
in the form of superficial pellicles. 
pet‘a-lo-coc'cus. One of a group of cocci that on 
becoming aggregated form pellicles. 

Petasi'tis vulga'ris. Butter-bur, a common Euro¬ 
pean plant. The root is laxative and emollient 
and was formerly used against plague, 
pe-tech'i a, pi. petech'ice. A small hemorrhagic 
spot, like a ‘ flea-bite. ^ Petigo ; purpura. 
petech'iae si'ne feb're = purpura simplex. [< 
Late L. petech'ia flea-bite.] fpe-tech'i al, as P . 
eruption, a cutaneous eruption characterized by 
spots due to hemorrhage; P. fever 
or typhus, true typhus fever; P. 
hemorrhage, i^purpur.v; P. scur¬ 
vy = pvrpura simplex. 
pe-ti'go, gen. petig'inis. A skin dis¬ 
ease. [< L. peti'go scab.] ^Im¬ 
petigo. 

pet'i-ole. A stem; the neck of a 
tumor or of a gland; the narrow 
part of the epiglottis; the handle 
of the malleus; footstalk. [< L. 
peti'olus little leg.] tP®t-i'o-lus. 
pet'i-o-lar. pet'i-o-late; pet'i-oled. 
pet'i-o-lule. 

petio'lulus or peti'olus epiglot'tidis*. 

stalked part of the epiglottis. [L.] 
petitsbaume (pe-ti-bom). A vulnerary balsam from 
Cro'ton balsamif'erum, of the West Indies. [F., 
“ little balm.”] 

Petitgand’s apparatus (pc-ti-g 4 hz). A coil of thin 
india-rubber tubing applied to a part the tem¬ 
perature of which is to be lowered or raised by 
the passage of a stream of cold or hot water, 
petitsmal (pf-ti-mal). A slight form of epilepsy 
without convulsions. 12 ?-Grand mal. [F.,“ little 
evil.”] 

Petit’s canal (pe-tiz). A small, triangular canal 
described by Petit as existing between the layers 
of the zone of Zinn that support the crystalline 
lens. The existence of a closed canal is ques¬ 
tionable. P.’s catheter, an S-shaped catheter. P.’s 
hernia, lumbar hernia. P.’s operation, division of 
the stricture of strangulated hernia without open¬ 
ing the sac. P.’s suture, a suture for intestinal 
wounds, made by passing the threads about one- 
sixteenth of an inch apart, tying together the ends 



Tlie narrow, 




PETIVERIA ALLIACEA 


717 


PETRO- 


on each side and twisting them into a cord. P.’s 
triangle, the triangular space of the loin limited in 
front by the border of the external oblique, above 
by the latissimus dorsi, and below by the crest of 
the ilium. P.’s tourniquet, tourniquet. 
Petive'ria allia'cea. An acrid plant of Brazil and 
the West Indies having an alliaceous odor. Its 
root is sudorific, stimulant, antifebrile, diuretic, 
and vermifuge. P. tetran'dra, of South America, 
has much the same qualities, 
pet-re-lae'um. = Petroleum. 

P6trequin’s operation (pe-trf-cahz). Gradual stran¬ 
gulation of symblepharon by means of a thread, 
pet-ri-fac'tion. The act of petrifying, or converting 
into stone; also, a body changed into stone. Popu¬ 
larly the term is applied to the change which takes 
place when any soft part of the body assumes the 
form or appearance of bone by absorbing calcare¬ 
ous matter. Incrustation; ossification. 
pet'rfc-fi-ca'tion. —Petrifaction. 

Petri’s dish (pe'triz). A shallow covered glass dish 
for receiving bacteriological cultures, which may 
be examined without removing the cover. P.’s test. 
I . A test for kairine in the urine, made by adding 
acetic acid and a solution of calcium chloride, 
when a fuchsin^red color will be formed. 2. A test 
for proteids, made by adding diazobenzolsulphonic 
acid and sodium hydrate, when an orange or a 
brownish color will be formed, 
petrissage (pe-tri-sazh). A kneading massage. [F.] 
pet'ro-. Relating to stone or to the petrous por¬ 
tion of the temporal bone: a combining form. 
[< Trerpa rock.] pePro-late=PETROLATUM*.— pet- 
ro-bas'i-lar fissure, an irregular space at the base 
of the skull, between the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone on the one side and the basilar 
process of the occipital and the body of the sphe¬ 
noid on the other.— pet'ro-gen, a proprietary 
modified mineral oil.— pet-ro-hy'oid muscle, an 
aberrant form of the stylohyoid muscle, arising 
from the petrous portion of the temporal bone.— 
pe-trol' butter, a food product made from petro¬ 
leum and resembling butter.— pet'ro-lin, a sub¬ 
stance obtained by distillation from petroleum; 
the paraffin of Rangoon petroleum.— pet-ro-mas'- 
toid. I. Belonging to the petrous and mastoid 
portions of the temporal bone. 2. The petrous 
and mastoid portions of the temporal bone 
regarded as one. P. canal, the canal connecting 
the tympanum and the mastoid antrum. P. 
foramen, the tympanic orifice of the petromastoid 
canal.— pet‘ro=oc-cip'i-tal, relating to the petro¬ 
sal and occipital bones, as P.>o. fissure. P.so. 
suture, a suture formed at the junction of 
the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the 
occipital bone. P.so. synchondrosis, the syn¬ 
chondrosis between the occipital bone and the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone; synchon¬ 
drosis petro^occipitalis*. — petTo-pha-ryn-ge'us, a 
small occasional muscle arising from the under 
surface of the petrous bone and inserted into the 
pharynx with the stylopharyngeus.— pe-tro'sa, 
the petrous portion of the temporal bone.— pe- 
tro'sal. I. Belonging to the petrous portion of 
the temporal bone. 2. The petrous portion of 
the temporal bone. P. artery, a branch of the 
middle meningeal artery to the tympanum. P. 
canal, either of two canals on the upper surface 
of the petrous portion of the temporal bone, 
transmitting the large and small superficial petro¬ 
sal nerves. P. crest, the lower sharp edge of the 
vaginal process of the temporal bone. P. ganglion 


= PETROUS GANGLION. P. ncrve, one of sev¬ 
eral small nerves passing through foramina in the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone. They are 
a great superficial ( N. petrosus superficialis ma¬ 
jor*), arising from the geniculate ganglion on the 
facial nerve and passing through the hiatus fal- 
lopii to form the vidian and pass to Meckel’s 
ganglion ; a great deep (N. petrosus profundus ma¬ 
jor*) , arising from filaments of the carotid plexus 
and uniting with the great superficial to form the 
vidian nerve; a small superficial (N. petrosus su¬ 
perficialis minor*) and a small deep (N. petrosus 
profundus*), the former arising from the tym¬ 
panic plexus of the glossopharyngeal, the latter 
arising from the sympathetic plexus on the mid¬ 
dle meningeal artery, both going to the otic gan¬ 
glion ; and an occasional external superficial, unit¬ 
ing the facial nerve with the sympathetic plexus 
on the middle meningeal artery. P. sinus, either 
of the two sinuses of the dura mater, the superior 
(sinus petrosus superior*) and the inferior (sinus 
petrosus inferior*), leading from the cavernous 
sinus backward to the lateral sinus: so named 
because they are adjacent to the petrous bone. P. 
vein, the petrosal sinus. — petTo-sal-pin*go-pha- 
ryn-ge'us = petropharyngeus. —petTo-sal-pin*- 
go-staph-y-li'nus, levator palati muscle.— pet-ro'- 
se-line. I. M. ’03.] — Petroseli'num, a genus of 
umbelliferous plants; parsley. i^Apiol. P. sati'- 
vum = Apium petroselinum. — pe-tro‘sosan'gu- 
lar fissure, a fissure between the apex of the py¬ 
ramidal portion of the petrosa and the great wing 
of the sphenoid.— pe-tro’so-mas'toid,-mas-toi'- 
de an = petromastoid. —pe-tro-sphe'noid, -sphe- 
noi'dal, relating to the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone and to the sphenoid. P. foramen, 
an occasional foramen in old skulls, formed by an 
extension of the superior border of the posterior 
surface of the temporal bone and the dorsum 
ephippii. and transmitting the sixth nerve. P. 
ligament, a ligament connecting the apex of the 
petrous bone with the body of the sphenoid. P. 
process, a spiculum of bone occasionally seen in 
old skulls at the superior border of the posterior 
surface of the temporal bone. P. suture, the 
suture between the temporal bone and the great 
wing of the sphenoid bone.— pet-ro-squa'mous, 
-squa-mo'sal, relating to the petrous and squa¬ 
mous portions of the temporal bone. P. fissure 
= P. SUTURE. P. sinus, an occasional venous sinus 
of the cranium, lying in a groove along the junc¬ 
tion of the petrous and squamous portions of the 
temporal bone. P. suture, the line of juncture 
of the squamous and petrous portions of the 
temporal bone; fissura petrosquamosa*. — pet'ro- 
staph-y-lFnus, the levator palati muscle.— pet-ro- 
ste'a-rin = ozocerite. — pet-ro-sul'phol, a propri¬ 
etary product from bituminous minerals of the 
Tyrol: similar to ichthyol and used like it. — 
pet’ro-tym-pan'ic, a fissure in the tympanic ring 
lodging the long process of the malleus; fissura 
petrotympanica [Glaseri]*. — pet'rous. i. Belong¬ 
ing to, or resembling, a rock or stone. 2. Pe¬ 
trosal. P. bone, the petrous portion of the tem¬ 
poral bone. P. ganglion, the larger ganglion of 
the glossopharyngeal nerve; Andersch’s ganglion, 
ganglion petrosum*. P. portion, the pyramidal 
lower internal and anterior portion of the tem¬ 
poral bone ; pars petrosa [pyramisY^. P. sinus, 
the petrosal sinus.— pet'rox, a mixture of liquid 
paraffin, oleic acid, and alcoholic ammonia: used 
like vasogen. 


PETROLATUM 


718 


PHACO- 


pet-ro-la'tum*. A mixture of hydrocarbons, chiefly 
of the METHANE series; to replace P. molle and 
P. spissum of the 1890 U. S. P. It is obtained by 
distilling off the lighter and more volatile portions 
from petroleum, and purifying the residue. It is 
an unctuous mass having neither odor nor taste 
and is used as a bland neutral protective dress¬ 
ing and as a substitute for fatty materials in oint¬ 
ments, often combined with advantage with equal 
parts of LANOLIN. It is essentially the same as 
petroleum jelly, cosmoline, vaseline, duroleum, 
etc. P. al'bum*, “ white petrolatum,” differing 
from PETROLATUM* Only in color. P. li'quidum*, 
‘‘liquid petrolatum,” having the same properties 
as petrolXtum*, most of the lighter and more 
volatile portions having been distilled off. Its 
sp. gr. is from 0.870 to 0.940. Paraffin. P. 
mol'le, and P. spis'sum, 1890 U. S. P. preparations 
replaced by petrolatum*. P. sapona'tum liq'- 
uidum, a N. F. preparation of petrolatum sapon¬ 
ified with ammonium oleate: used as a penetrat¬ 
ing vehicle for medicinal agents, Petrox. 
pe-tro'leum. “Rock oil,” a bituminous liquid 
substance that flows between rocks or issues from 
the earth; any mineral oil, whatever its physical 
character or chemical composition. It is not a 
proper mineral species, as it has no fixed formula 
or definite composition, but is a variable mixture 
of several hydrocarbons. From it are obtained 
by distillation cymogene, a gas used in ice manu¬ 
facture ; rhigolene, an anaesthetic; petroleum ether, 
a solvent boiling at 4o°-7o° C.; gasolene, boiling 
at 7o°-9o°; naphtha, 8o‘’-iio°; ligroine, a solvent 
boiling at 8o°-i2o°; benzene, i2o°-i5o°; kerosene; 
lubricating oils; and paraffin. Petroleum is re¬ 
puted to be a stimulating antispasmodic, expec¬ 
torant, vermifuge, and diaphoretic, and it is also 
drunk for its effects upon the system, poisoning 
being well known. The symptoms are uncon¬ 
sciousness, cyanosis, cold, moist skin, small, rapid 
pulse, bubbling rales, etc. Externally, it is em¬ 
ployed in chronic rheumatism, chilblains, paraly¬ 
sis, and diseases of the skin. Dose, 0.3 to 0.6 Cc. 
(5 to 10 mins.). P.barbaden'se, a kind of tar 
found in some parts of England, and Scotland; 
mineral tar; bitumen barbadense. P. benzin or 
ether = benzinum*. P. butter, petrol. P. 
jelly, another name for vaseline, petrolatum*, cos¬ 
moline, duroleum, etc. P. ointment = petrola¬ 
tum*. [< L.rockoil.] tp6"tro-li- 
za'tion, the treatment of water with petroleum 
for the extermination of mosquitoes, pe'tro-lize. 
Pettenkoffer’s test (pct'cn-co-ferz). A test for the 
presence in the urine of certain acids derived from 
the bile. A purplish=crimson color is produced in 
dropping a solution of the bile into a mixture of 
cane-sugar and sulphuric acid. As the reaction 
is due to furfural and cholic acid, a i-iooo solution 
of the former may be used instead of the sugar. 
Petteruti’s test. A test for hydrochloric acid, /. 
A.M.A. ’06.] 

pet'to. The breast. [It. fr. L. pec'tus breast.] 
Peuced'anum. A genus of umbelliferous plants. P. 
officina'le and P. seli'num palus'tre have been used 
in medicine, the former as an antispasmodic, 
stomachic, diuretic, etc., and to furnish peu-ced'- 
a-nin, a crystalline principle, 
peu'cine. Resin. [< TzevKT/ the fir.] fpeu'ci-nous. 
peu'cyl. An oily liquid hydrocarbon, CgHg, occur¬ 
ring in turpentine oil. 
peu'mus bol'dus. Boldo. 
pex'in, s Rbnnin. 


pex-in'o-gen. A substance from which milk-curd¬ 
ling ferment is formed; found in animal tissues, 
-pexy, -pexia, -pexis. A fastening, as in hystero¬ 
pexy. [< 

Peyer’s glands or patches (pai'erz). The glandulae 
aggregatae, assemblages of minute lymph follicles 
in the mucous and submucous layers of the small 
intestines, especially the lower part of the ileum; 
agminate glands: first noticed by Peyer. They 
vary in number from 20 to 50, and measure from 
I to 10 centimetres in length having their long 
diameter with the axis of the intestine, and are 
situated opposite the mesenteric attachment, 
tpey-er'i-an, as P. /cT;cr = typhoid fever. 
pey'o-te. = Mescal. 

Pfan'nen-stiel’s incision. J. A. M. A. j. ’06.] 
Pfeiffer’s bacillus (pfaif'erz). The bacillus of' in¬ 
fluenza. P.’s disease, a rare disease marked by 
elevation of the temperature for a short duration 
and rapid enlargement of the lymphatic nodules 
of the neck. P.’s fever=GLANDULAR fever. P.’s 
phenomenon, cholera germs placed in contact 
with the peritoneum of a guinea-pig immunized 
to cholera undergo destruction by lysis. P.’s 
reaction, the immunization of an animal by the 
cholera organism, and the subsequent killing and 
disintegration of any such organisms afterward 
introduced into its body. ^ Agglutination. 
P.’s unit of immune cholera serum. 

Pfliiger’s cord or loop (pflii'gerz). = Egg-tube, 
def. 2. P.’s law, a tract of nerve is stimulated 
when catelectrotonus appears and when anelec- 
trotonus disappears, but not when the conditions 
are reversed. P.’s sacs, ingrowths of the germinal 
epithelium in the ovaries of the foetus. P.’s sali¬ 
vary tubes = salivary TUBES OF PFLUGER. P.’S 
theory of menstruation, it occurs in consequence 
of a congestion brought about by the reflex irri¬ 
tation of a grown graafian follicle, and manifests 
itself in a bloody discharge from the uterus. 

Pfuhl’ s or Pfuhlsjaff^’s sign. The issue of liquid 
with considerable force from an exploratory open¬ 
ing in subphrenic pyopneumothorax upon inspira¬ 
tion; in true pneumothorax the contrary occurs, 
pha'ce, pha-ce'a. The crystalline lens. [< (paKog 
a lentil.] 

pha-cen’to-cele. A displacement of the crystalline 
lens. [< (paKoq lens 4 - hvrdq within -f KTj'k?] hernia.] 
pha-ci'tis. Inflammation of the crystalline lens. 
If only the inner epithelial layer is inflamed the 
disease is analogous to capsular cataract. 
phac'o-. Relating or pertaining to the crystalline 
lens; prepared from lentils; a combining form. 
[< ^aKoq lentil and, from the resemblance to it, 
the lens of the eye.] phac*o-cat-arpi'e-sis, down¬ 
ward displacement of the lens.— phac'o-cele = 
PHACENTOCELE. — phac'o-cyst, the capsule of the 
crystalline lens.— phac-o-cys-tec'tome, the instru¬ 
ment used in phacocystectomy.— phac-o-cys-tec'- 
to-my, an operation for cataract by cutting 
out a part of the capsule of the lens.— phac*- 
o-cys-tFtis, inflammation of the capsule of the 
crystalline lens.— phac*o-glau-co'ma, the changes 
produced in the lens by glaucoma.— phac'O-hy- 
drop'si a, a watery effusion into the capsule of the 
lens.— phac'o-hy-me-ni'tis, inflammation of the 
capsule of the crystalline lens of the eye.— pha- 
coi-de-i'tis = phacitis. —pha-coi'do-scope= pha- 
COSCOPE. — pha-col'y-sis. i. Disintegration or 
dissolution of the crystalline lens. 2. An opera¬ 
tion for high myopia in which the lens is cut and 
afterward extracted.— phac’o-ma-la'ci a, soften* 


PHiENOMENON 


719 


PHALLO- 


ing of the crystalline lens.— phac‘o-met-a-cho- 
re'sis, phac'o-met-e-ce'sis, displacement of the 
crystalline lens.— pha-com'e-ter, an instrument 
for measuring the curvatures of lenses and so as¬ 
certaining their refractive power and their axes. 

pha'co-nin, a globulin found in the crystalline 
lens. phac’o-pal-in-gen'e-sis, renewal of the lens 
of the eye.— phac’o-pla-ne'sis, preternatural mo¬ 
bility of the lens; the condition of a wandering 
lens. phac-o-plas'ma, a cataplasm or poultice of 
lentils; also one of linseed meal.— phac’o-scle-ro'- 
sis, hardening or a morbidly hardened state of 
the lens.— phac'o-scope, an instrument devised 
by Helmholtz for rendering visible the alteration 
in the curvature of the anterior surface of the 
lens caused by the effort to accommodate one’s 
sight to objects at different distances, Pur- 
kinjessanson’s im.\ges. tphac-o-scop'ic. pha- 
cos'co-py.— phac'o-sco-to'ma, pi. phacoscoto'ma- 
ta, opacity or an opaque spot of the lens.— pha- 
co-ther'a-py = heliotherapy. — pha-co-zy'mase, 
an albuminous body found in the watery extract 
of the crystalline lens; it has a diastatic action, 
phae-nom'e-non. = Phenomenon. 
phae-nom'e-no-sco'pi a. The observation of phe¬ 
nomena, especially morbid phenomena. 
phae*noph-thal'mo-trope. An apparatus for dem¬ 
onstrating the action of the extrinsic ocular 
muscles. 

phae-no'zy-gous. Having zygomatic arches which 
are visible from above; said of skulls, 
phae'o-chrome. Staining with chromium, as P. cells. 
phae*o-my-e-li'tis. Inflammation of the gray mat¬ 
ter of the spinal cord. [< (paiog gray + Myelitis.] 
phae-o-re'tin. A resinous extract from the root of 
rhubarb, Cj^HjgOy; a yellowish=brown powder, 
phag-ae-der'mi a. Phagedenic ulceration of the skin, 
phag-e-dae'na, -de'na. A malignant ulcer which 
spreads very rapidly. P. gangraeno'sa or nosoco- 
mia'lis = HOSPITAL gangrene. Sloughing p.= 
hospital gangrene. P. trop'ica=ORIENTAL SORE. 
[< (l)ayeiv to eat or eat away.] fphag-e-den'ic, 
phag-e-de'nous, as P. chancroid, a rapidly spread¬ 
ing chancroid; and P. w/cer = SLOUGHING ulcer. 
phag'e-de-nism, phag-e-dae'nism. That morbid con¬ 
dition which was formerly supposed to dispose 
toward phagedena. 

phag-e-de-no'ma, phag-e-dae-no'ma. = Sloughing 

ULCER. 

phag'o-cyte. A cell (as a leucocyte or other tissue* 
cell) which has the power of devouring, or de¬ 
stroying, pathogenic microbes, bacteria, or other 
cells. Phagocytes are divided into epithelium or 
connective tissue cells (macrophages) and leuco¬ 
cytes (microphages), or as they take up blood* 
corpuscles or bloodspigment into globuliferous 
and melaniferous phagocytes. ^Immunity; op¬ 
sonic INDEX, tphag-o-cyt'a-ble. phag'o-cy-tal; 
phag-o-cyt'ic. phag-o-cy-tosed'. 
phag-o-cy'tin. A proprietary sterilized solution of 
sodium nucleinate for hypodermic use. 
phag'o-cy-tism. Phagocytic action, 
phag-o-cy'to-blast. A cell giving rise to phagocytes. 
phag*o-cy-to'sis. The function or process of the in¬ 
gestion and destruction of microbes by the poly¬ 
nuclear leucocytes. Ehrlich’s lateral*chain 
theory ; Metchnikoff’s theory ; opsonic index, 
(See illustration, next column.) 
phag‘o-kar-y-o'sis. Phagocytosis of nuclei, 
pha-gol'y-sis. Bacterial destruction or disintegra® 
tion of phagocytes. 

phag-o-raa'ni a. An insatiable craving for food. 


phag'o-site. A parasite, as a leech, that feeds or 
but does not dwell on its host, 
phag-o-ther'a-py. Treatment by overfeeding, 
pha-ki'tis. =Phacitis. 

pha'ko-. For words beginning thus, see phaco- 
phal-a-cro'sis. Baldness; alope¬ 
cia; CALviTiES. [Gr.] tpbal-a- 
cro-mat'ic; phal-a-crom'a-tous; 
phal-a-crot'ic; phal-ac'rous. 
pha-lan-gag'ra. Gout of the fin¬ 
ger or toe. [< (pd?ia-y^ -f- dypa 
seizure.] 

pha-lan-gar-thri'tis. Gout in the 
phalanges of the fingers or 
toes. [Kh. pha'lanx + arthri'tis 
gout.] 

pha-lan'ge al,pha-lan'gal, pha-lan'- 
gic. Pertaining to or affecting 
a phalanx or the phalanges. 

P. ligament, anterior, one of 
the ligaments on the palmar 
and plantar surfaces of the 
phalanges. P. ligament, lateral, 
one of the ligaments joining the 
sides of contiguous phalanges. 

P. process, i. A process of the 
head*plate of the outer rod of 
Corti, joining with the phalan¬ 
ges separating the outer hair* 
cells. 2. A prolongation from 
Deiters’s cells, attached above 
to the phalanges of the reticular 
lamina. 

pha-lan'ges. Plural of phalanx. 

Deiters’s p. P. digito'rum 
ma'nus or pe'dis*, phalanges of 
the hand or foot, 
phalangette (fal-an-jet). The terminal phalanx of 
the finger. [F.] 

pha-lan-gi'a-sis. = Phalangosis. 
phalangine (fa-lan-jin). The second phalanx. [F.] 
pha-lan-gi'tis. Inflammation of a phalanx, espe¬ 
cially P. syphilii'ica, syphilitic inflammation of 
fingers and toes. Dactylitis. 
pha-lan’go-pha-lan'ge al amputation. Amputation 
of a finger or toe at a phalangeal joint, 
phal-an-go'sis. i. That condition in which the eye¬ 
lashes are inserted in different rows. 2. Trichi¬ 
asis. 3. Ptosis of the upper eyelid. [< (pdXay^ 
line of battle.] 

pha'lanx, pi. phalan'ges. i. One of the small bones 
of the fingers and toes, distinguished as P. prima*, 
secunda*, and ieriia'^, first, second, or third pha¬ 
lanx of either a finger or toe. 2. One of the cutic- 
ular plates which, placed side by side, form the 
reticular lamina of the organ of Corti. 
phal-lal'gi a. Pain in the penis. [< 0 aAAof penis.) 
phal-la-na'stro-phe. Backward distortion of the 
penis. [Gr.] 

phal-lan'eu-rism. Aneurism of the penis, 
phal-lan-ky-lo'sis. Painful downward curvature of 
the penis; chordee. [< (^aXkoq penis + ayKvTiuai': 
stiffness of the joints.] 

phal'lic. Relating to the penis, as P. shield, an 
antiseptic protective device for the male genitals, 
phal'li-form. Shaped like a penis. 
phaFlin. A toxalbumin obtained from Amani'ia 
phalloi'des, a poisonous fungus, 
phal-li'tis. Inflammation of the penis, 
phal'lo-. Relating to the penis; a combining form. 
[< 0 a/lylof penis.] phaPlo-blen-nor-rhoe'a, chronic 
blenprrhgea, or gleet.— phal-lo-camp'sis==CHOR- 



Ph AGOCYTOSIS. 
— Foreign 
corpuscles 
(pigeon) un¬ 
dergoing 
phagocytosis 
in the perito¬ 
neal cavity of 
the guinea 
pig. p. Phag¬ 
ocytes con¬ 
taining the 
remains of nu¬ 
cleated red 
cells. 



PHALLUS 


720 


PHARYNGEAL 


DEE.— phal*lo-car-ci-no'ma, cancer of the penis. 

— phal-lo-cryp'sis, retraction, more or less com¬ 
plete, of the penis.— phal-lo-dyn'i a, pain in the 
penis; phallalgia.— phal'loid, resembling a penis. 

— phal-lol'o-gy, the science of the penis and its 
diseases.— phal-lon'cus, a morbid swelling of the 
penis.— phal'lo-plas-ty, the p^iistic surgery of the 
male organ of copulation. tphal-lo-plas'tic.— 
phal-lor-rha^gi a, hemorrhage from the penis.— 
phal-lor-rhoe'a, a flow from the penis (or the ure¬ 
thra) ; gonorrhoea. 

phalflus. The penis. 

phan-a-kis'to-scope. = Phen.\kistoscope. 

phan'e-ro-. Visible; evident: a combining form. 
[< (pavepoi' evident.] phan*e-ro-bi-ot'ic, exhibit¬ 
ing distinct manifestations of life.— phan-e-rog'- 
e-nous tissue, the substance that forms the pulp 
of the teeth.— phan-e-ro-ma'ni a, a persistent 
morbid obsession of paying undue attention to 
some growth upon the skin, as a wart, and trying 
to bite it off or pick it out. Nailsbiting. — 

phan'e-ron, pi. phan'era, a normal exterior growth, 
as hair, beard, a tooth, a nail, etc.— phan'e-ro- 
phore, an organ or a structure that supports a 
phaneron.— phan'e-ro-scope, an instrument for 
rendering translucent a patch of skin, 
ros'co-py. 

phan-ta'si a. An illusory or imaginary representa¬ 
tion; delirium. 

phan-tas'ma, phan'tasm. An apparition; an imag¬ 
inary representation of objects not really present, 
the effect of disease of the eye or of the brain; 
phantasy. [L., fr. (l>avTaCeiv to make appear.] 

tphan-tas-mat'ic. 

phan-tas-ma-go'ri a. A series of fantastic mental 
pictures. 

phan-tas-ma-tol'o-gy. The science or study of ap¬ 
paritions and phantasms. 

phan-tas*ma-to-mo'ri a. Dementia; childish or ab¬ 
surd hallucinations. 

phan-tas-mo-gen'e-sis. The production or causation 
of mental illusions, or the subjective perception 
of phantasms. 

phan-tas-mo-sco'pia. Insane phantasms; the im¬ 
aginary seeing of ghosts. 

phan^tom. i. = Phantasma. P. aneurism, a swell¬ 
ing of the subclavian or axillary artery resem¬ 
bling an aneurism, but often disappearing and re¬ 
turning again after excitement or movement; said 
to be due to vasomotor paralysis; mimetic aneu¬ 
rism. P. cell, or corpuscle, a decolorized red 
bloodscorpuscle, generally appearing as a pale 
ring; ghost corpuscle. P. odontalgia, pain felt in 
the space of an absent tooth. P. pregnancy = 
HYSTERICAL PREGNANCY. P. Stricture, Subjective 
symptoms of rectal stricture in a person who 
imagines he has one. P. tumor, a tumor of the 

abdomen due to flatus or contraction of the ab- 

* 

dominal muscles. 2. A model of the body or of 
a part, as the small effigy of a child used to illus¬ 
trate the progress of labor; faniom. P. brain, a 
model of the brain made of cork and wire. P. 
child = PHANTOM, def. 2. [< (pavTa^eiv to show.] 

phan-tos'co-py. = Retinoscopy. 

Phar. Abbr. for pharmacopoeia. 

Pharbi'tis (Ipomoe'a) nil. A plant of India, called 
Kaladana, closely related to the jaiapspiant. From 
it is obtained phar-bit'in or phar-bit'i-sin, a resin¬ 
ous substance: used as a cathartic. Dose, 0.45 
to 0.65 Gm. (7 to 10 gr.). 

phar'ma-cal. Relating to pharmacy or to pharma¬ 
ceutics. 


phar-ma-ceu'tic, -ceu'ti-cal. Belonging to pharma¬ 
cy. [< (pappaKeveiv to administer medicines.] P. 
medicine, an official preparation. fP^ar-ma- 
ceu'tics, the science of preparing medicines. 
phar'ma-cist,phar-ma-ceu'tist. One skilled in phar¬ 
macy; a druggist. “Chemist” and “druggist” are 
more properly trade descriptions, while “pharma¬ 
ceutical chemist,” “pharmacist,” etc., maintain 
their quasisprofessional character, 
phar'ma-co-. Relating to drugs or medicines, and 
sometimes poisons: a combining form. i^Phar- 
MACOPCEiA. [< (pdppaKov medicine.] phar'ma-co- 
cat-a-gra-phol'o-gy, the science of prescription* 
writing.— phar‘ma-co-con-i-an'tron, an arrange¬ 
ment for the spraying of the tympanic cavity by 
means of a tube*catheter.— phar*ma-co-dy-nam'- 
ics, that branch of materia medica which treats 
of the power or effects of medicines and poisons, 
tphar’ma-co-dy-nam'ic.— phar-ma-cog'no-sy, 
-cog-no'sis, that branch of pharmacology which 
treats of drugs and their structural characteristics. 
— phar-ma-cog'ra-phy, a descriptive treatise on 
drugs.— phar-ma-col'o-gy, the art or science of 
preparing medicines; that branch of science which 
treats of medicines; pharmacy. fphar-ma-co- 
log'i-cal. — phar*ma-co-ma'ni a, excessive or un¬ 
reasonable dependence upon the power of drugs; 
excessive fondness for the administration or the 
taking of medicines.— phar'ma-con, a medicine; 
a drug; a poison.— phar‘ma-co-o-ryc-tol'o-gy, the 
study or science of mineral drugs.— phar*ma-co- 
pho'bi a. I. Morbid or unreasonable prejudice 
against the use of drugs. 2. Insane dread of 
being poisoned.— phar-ma-cop'o-list, a druggist, 
pharmacist, or apothecary; a seller of drugs.— 
phar-ma-co-tax'is, the prescription and prepara¬ 
tion of medicine.— phar*ma-co-the'ca, a chest 
for medicines.— phar-ma-co-ther'a-py, treatment 
with drugs. tphar*ma-co-ther-a-peu'tic. 
pharma-co-poe'ia. An authoritative book contain¬ 
ing a description of the medicines and drugs in use 
in a country. The United States Pharmacopoeia 
(abbr. U. S. P.) is published a few years after 
each decennial revision by a national convention 
of physicians and pharmacists, the convention for 
the ninth revision having met in Washington, 
D. C., May 10, 1910. All terms official in the 
latest (1900) revision [U.S.P. VIII; not pub¬ 
lished until 1905] are starred (*) in this dictionary. 
The pharmacopoeia for Great Britain and Ireland 
is issued under the supervision of the General 
Council on Medical Education, Codex. [< 
paKov medicine + Troieiv to make.] tphar*ma-co- 
poeT al, as P. medicine, an official preparation, 
phar'ma-cy. i. The art of preparing medicines; 
that of vegetable medicines being Galenic p. 2. 
A drugsstore or apothecary’s shop; a dispensary, 
pha-ryn-gal'gi a. Pain in the pharynx, 
pha-ryn'ge al. Belonging to the pharynx. P. arches 
= VISCERAL'MARCHES. P. arteries, those supplying 
the pharynx. They are the ascending, a branch 
of the external carotid, and several small vessels 
(including the descending) derived from the inter¬ 
nal maxillary. P. bursa = bursa pharyngea*. 
P. clefts = VISCERAL CLEFTS. P. diphtheria, 
DIPHTHERIA. P. ganglion, a minute sympathetic 
ganglion lying on the ascending pharyngeal artery 
near its origin. Soft p. ganglion, a ganglion lying 
on the lingual artery near the pharyngeal ganglion, 
derived from the carotid plexus and distributed 
to the lingual plexus. P. glands, mucous glands 
on the posterior wall of the pharynx opposite the 


PHARYNGECTOMY 


721 


PHARYNGO- 


posterior nares; glandulcB pharyngecB*. P. mem¬ 
brane =P. SEPTUM. P. nerve = PTERYGOPALA¬ 
TINE NERVE. P. plexus. I. A nervous plexus 
formed by the pharyngeal branches of the glosso¬ 
pharyngeal, pneumogastric, and spinal accessory 
nerves and the sympathetic; plexus (nervosus) 
pharyngeus*. 2. A network of veins covering the 
outer surface of the pharynx; plexus (venosus) 
pharyngeus*. P. pouch, one of the series of diver¬ 
ticula on either side of the embryonic pharynx; 
inner visceral furrows; branchial pouch. P. recess, 
a cubdessac on each side of the interior of the 
pharynx beneath the tip of the petrous portion of 
the temporal bone, behind the orifices of eusta- 
chian tubes; Rosenmuller’s cavity or fossa; reces- 
sus pharyngeus [Rosenmuellert]*. P. reflex, swal¬ 
lowing caused by irritation of the pharynx. P. res¬ 
piration, the rhythmic contraction and dilatation 
of the pharynx during respiration. P. septum, a 
membrane in the embryo separating the primitive 
mouth from the foregut. P. slits, the post=oral 
visceral clefts. P. spine, the pharyngeal tubercle. 
P. tonsil = Luschka’s tonsil. P. tubercle, a 
roughened eminence on the basilar process of the 
occipital bone, to which is attached the superior 
constrictor of the pharynx; tuberculum pharyn- 
geum*. P. vault, the nasopharynx. P. veins, 
veins collecting the blood from the pharyngeal 
plexus and emptying into the internal jugular 
vein; venae pharyngeae*. [ < L. pharynge'us, fr. 

(pdpvy^ pharynx.] 

phar-yn-gec'to-my. ' The surgical removal of a part 
of the pharynx. 

phar*yn-gem-phrax'is. A stoppage or obstruction 
in the pharynx. [< <pdpvy^ pharynx -f- ep<!>pa^/g 
stoppage.] 

phar-yn-gis'mus. Spasm of the muscles of the 
pharynx; pharyngospasmus. 

phar-yn-gi'tis. Inflammation of the mucous mem¬ 
brane of the pharynx. Acute p., sore throat, due 
to exposure or cold: usually lasting only a few 
days. Atrophic p., pharyngitis with atrophy of 
the mucous membrane. Catarrhal p., pharyngitis 
attended by moist secretion. Chronic p., a form 
resulting from constitutional causes, as syphilis, 
tuberculosis, etc., or repeated attacks of acute 
pharyngitis. Croupous p., croup of the pharynx. 
Diphtheritic p., diphtheria of the pharynx. Fol¬ 
licular p., glandular p. Gangrenous p., phar- 
yngilis resulting in the formation of gangrenous 
patches; cynanche maligna. Glandular p., hyper- . 
trophic pharyngitis, with formation of swelling, 
due to enlargement of the pharyngeal glands; 
follicular p.; clergymen’s sore throat. Granular 
p., a form in which small, raised, red granules ap¬ 
pear on the mucous membrane. P. herpet'ica, 
herpes of the pharynx. Hypertrophic p., pharyn¬ 
gitis with hypertrophy of the mucous membrane. 
Membranous p., pharyngitis attended by the for¬ 
mation of a false membrane. Phlegmonous p., 
pharyngitis permeating deeply in the mucous 
membrane and submucous tissues. P. sic'ca, 
atrophic pharyngitis in which the tissues become 
dry. Ulcerative p., pharyngitis with ulceration 
of the glands of the pharynx. [ < <pdpvy^ pharynx.] 
tphar-yn-git'ic. 

pha-ryn'go-. Relating to the pharynx: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< (pdpvy^ pharynx.] pha-ryn-go-ba'- 
si-lar fascia, fascia at the base of the pharnyx; 
fasciapharyngobasilaris*. —pha-ryn-go-bran'chial 
segment, stylohyoid arch. — pha-ryn'go-cele, 
an enlargement of the upper part of the oesopha- 
46 


gus. — pha-ryn-go-dyn'i a, pain, spasmodic or 
chronic, of the pharynx. — pha-ryn’gosep-i-glot'- 
tic,-ep-i-glot-tid'e an fold, a fold of mucous mem¬ 
brane on each side of the epiglottis, extending 
upward to the posterior pillar of the fauces; plica 
pharyngoepiglottica* . —pha-ryn'gosep-i-glot'ti-cus, 
fibres of the stylopharyngeus inserted into the 
side of the epiglottis and the pharyngo^epiglot- 
tic ligament.— phar-yn-go-glos'sal, glossopharyn¬ 
geal; relating both to the pharynx and to the 
tongue.— pha-ryn-go-glos'sus = glossopharyn- 
GEUS. phar-yn-gog'ra-phy, a descriptive account 
of the anatomy and physiology of the pharynx.— 
pha-ryn-gosker-a-to'sis, horny or callous growths 
in the pharynx.— pha-ryn*go-la-ryn'ge al cavity, 
the lowest portion of the pharynx. P. sinus = 
SINUS PYRiFORMis.— pha-ryn*go-lar-yn-gi'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the pharynx and the larynx. — 
pha-ryn'go-lith, a concretion in the pharyngeal 
walls. — phar-yn-gol'o-gy, that part of anatomy 
which treats of the pharynx.— phar-yn-gol'y-sis 
= PHARYNGOPLEGiA. — pha-ryn*go*-max'il-la-ry 
space, the space bounded by .the lateral wall of 
the pharynx, the internal pterygoid muscle, and 
the cervical vertebrae, containing the tonsil in 
front and the vessels of the neck behind.— pha- 
ryn'go-my-co'sis, the growth of Lep'iothrix or 
other fungus in the pharynx, fpha-ryn'go-my- 
cot'ic. — pha-ryn-go-na'sal cavity = nasophar¬ 
ynx.— pha-ryn'gosoe-soph'a-gus, the pharynx 
and the oesophagus considered as one organ. 
tpha-ryn*g 05 oe-so-pha'ge al. — pha-ryn-goso'ral 
cavity, the middle portion of the pharynx, com¬ 
municating with the mouth. — pha-ryn-go-pal'a- 
tine arch, palatine arches. P. muscle = 
PALATOPHARYNGEUS.— pha-tyn-go-pa-ral'y-sis = 
PHARYNGOPLEGIA.— pha-ryn-go-pa'thi a, phar-yn- 
gop'a-thy, a pharyngeal disease.— pha-ryn'go-pe- 
ris'to-le, contraction or constriction of the phar¬ 
ynx. — pha-ryn'go-plas-ty, the covering of de¬ 
fects of the pharyngeal mucous membrane with 
patches of skin from the neck.— pha-ryn-go-ple'- 
gia, a paralysis of the muscles of the pharynx; 
pharyngolysis; pharyngoparalysis.— pha-ryn-go- 
pleu'ral, relating to the pharynx and pleurae.— 
pha-ryn*go-rhi-ni'tis, pharyngitis and rhinitis 
combined. — pha-ryn*go-rhi-nos'co-py, pharyn- 
goscopy combined with posterior rhinoscopy.— 
pha-ryn-gor-rha'gi a, a bursting forth or sudden 
discharge of blood from the pharynx.— pha-ryn‘- 
go-scle-ro'ma, scleroma of the pharynx. — pha- 
ryn'go-scope, an instrument for the visual ex¬ 
amination of the pharynx. fphar-yn-gos'co- 
py. — pha-ryn-go-spas'mua, pha-ryn'go-spasm, 
spasm of the pharynx; pharyngismus. tpha- 
ryn-go-spas-mod'ic. — pha-ryn'go-staph-y-li'nus, 
PERiSTAPHYLOPHARYNGEUS.— pha-ryn-go-stc'- 
ni a, contraction of the pharynx. tpha-ryn-go- 
ste'nous. — pha-ryn‘go-strep-to-my-co'sis, chronic 
inflammation of the pharynx, without many local 
symptoms, due to streptococcus and marked by 
periodic outbreaks of general symptoms, as head¬ 
ache, muscular rheumatism, etc. — pha-ryn-go- 
ther'a-py, treatment of the pharynx, especially in 
infectious diseases, as by irrigation, etc. — pha- 
ryn'go-tome, an instrument invented by Petit for 
scarifying the tonsils and opening abscesses about 
the fauces.r-phar-yn-got'o-my,-to'mi a, the op¬ 
eration of cutting into the pharynx. When it is 
made from within it is called Internal p.; when 
from the outside. External p. In external phar- 
yngotomy the opening may be from the side 


PHARYNX 


722 


PHENOL 


(Lateral p.), by an incision extending above the 
larynx through the thyrohyoid membrane (Sub¬ 
hyoid, median, or suprathyroid p.), or by an inci¬ 
sion between the anterior edge of the sternoclei- 
domastoideus muscle and the trachea (Superior 
p.), or by an incision above the hyoid bone 
(suprahyoid p.). — pha-ryn*go-ton-sil-li'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of the pharynx and tonsil.— pha-ryn’go- 
tym-pan'ic, relating to the pharynx and the 
tympanum.— pha-ryn-go-ty'phoid, typhoid fever 
marked by sore patches in the throat.— pha-ryn*- 
go-xe-ro'sis, abnormal dryness of the pharynx, 
phar'ynx*. The common opening or passage of the 
gullet and wind=pipe, i. e., the musculomembra- 
nous sac at the back of the mouth and the nose 
and the upper part of the oesophagus. It is 
divided into three portions, the portion above 
the soft palate (nasopharynx), opening into the 
posterior nares and the eustachian tube; the por¬ 
tion communicating with the mouth through the 
fauces (orapharynx) ; and the lower part (laryngo- 
pharynx), communicating with the larynx and the 
oesophagus. The posterior part is also known as 
the retropharynx. The pharynx is developed from 
the upper part of the foregut. P.stonsil = 
Luschka’s tonsil. [<pdpvy^.] 
phase. The appearance or stage of anything, as 
negative and positive p., opsonic index. 
Phase'olus. A genus of plants of the order Legu- 
minoscB, various species of which, as P. luna'tus, 
the lima=bean; P. r;M/ga'rw, thekidney*bean; etc.; 
are cultivated for their food qualities. From sev¬ 
eral species of wild bean of Mexico is prepared 
phas'e-lin, a proprietary digestant and stimulant, 
and from a poisonous species of the Isle of France, 
pha-se'o-lin, a crystalline globulin. 
pha‘se-o-man'nite. =Inosite. 
phat'nium, pi. -nia, phat'ne, phat'nion, phat-no'- 
ma. The socket, or alveolus, of a tooth. [ < ^drvT] 
a crib or manger.] 

phat-nor-rha'gi a. A sudden discharge of blood from 
an alveolus, or toothssocket. [< pdrp?/ socket of 
a tooth + prfyv'vvaL to burst forth.] 
phe'cine. An antiseptic sulphate of the dihydrate 
of benzene: used in diseases of the urinary tract, 
phe-du-re'tin, phe-di-u-re'tin. A white, crystalline 
phenol derivative, used as a diuretic, 
phel-lan'drene. A terpene occurring in a dextroro¬ 
tatory variety in oil of watersfennel and in a laevo- 
rotatory variety in oil of Eucalyp'tus amygdali'na. 
phel-lan'dri um. The fruit of P. aquat'icum, water* 
fennel, or the narcotic preparation from it. 
phel-lon'ic. A compound, C22H42O3, from suberin. 
Phelps’s box. An apparatus used in the treatment 
of diseases of the spine. P.’s operation, an opera¬ 
tion for TALIPES VALGUS, Consisting in section of 
the tendon of Achilles and the contracted tissues 
around the internal malleolus, 
phen-. A prefix commonly used to indicate deriva¬ 
tion from or relation to phenol*. It has been pro¬ 
posed to apply it to benzene, C^Hq, and to indi¬ 
cate all derivatives from it by this prefix. [•[] 
Pharm. Rev. Sept. ’06.] 
phe-nac'e-te in. = Phenacetolin. 
phe-nac-et-hy-dra'zine. = Pyrodine. 
phe-nac'e-tin. = Acetphenetidinum*. The patent 
upon phenacetin has expired, and the drug been 
omitted from those to be named in proprietary 
articles in the Food and Drugs Act of 1906. 
phe-nac'e-to-lin. A substance, C1QHJ2O2, formed by 
the mutual action of phenol, acetic acid, and zinc 
chloride; phenacetein: used chiefly as a test. 


phen'a-cism, -kism. Quackery. [< quack.] 

phe-na-cyl'i-din. An antipyretic used chiefly in 
veterinary medicine. 

phe-na-cyl-phe-net'i-din. A phenacetin preparation 
phen'a-dul. A proprietary analgesic and antiseptic, 
phe-na-kis'to-scope. A form of zoetrope with the 
slits and figures revolving in the same direction. 
phe-naFgene. A proprietary preparation of acetan¬ 
ilide: used as an analgesic, 
phe-nal'gin. A proprietary antipyretic and anal¬ 
gesic said to consist of acetanilide, sodium bicar¬ 
bonate, and ammonium carbonate, 
phe-nan-thra-qui'none. An orange*yellow, crystal¬ 
line substance, Cj4Hg02, obtained by oxidizing 
phenanthrene by chromic acid mixture, 
phe-nan'threne. A colorless, crystalline substance, 
formed by distilling coahtar oil. 
phe-nan'thri-din. A white, crystalline substance, 
CjgHgN, formed by passing the anilide of benzoic 
aldehyde vapor through a red*hot tube, 
phe-nan-ti-py'rin. An antipyretic employed in rheu¬ 
matism, pneumonia, and typhoid fever, 
phen'ate. A carbolate. 

phe'na-tol. A proprietary compound of acetanilide 
and caffeine with the bicarbonate, chlorate, and 
sulphate of sodium: analgesic and anodyne, 
phe-nat'ro-cin. A proprietary antiseptic and anti¬ 
pyretic. 

phe'na-zin. A yellow, crystalline substance, CjjHgN,, 
obtained by conducting aniline vapors through a 
redshot tube. 

phe'na-zone. = Antipyrina*. 
phe'ne-din. = Acetphenetidinum*. 
phe'ne-gol. A reddish*brown, odorless, tasteless 
powder containing about 35% of mercury; mer¬ 
cury potassium nitroparaphenobsulphonate: used 
as an antiseptic and for sterilizing instruments, 
phe-net'i-din. i. A compound, CgH4(OC2H5)NH2, 
used in the manufacture of phenacetin: often oc¬ 
curring in the urine after the use of phenacetin. 
2. = Phenacetin. P. acetosalicylate = pheno- 
SAL. P. amygdalate = amygdophenin. tphe-net*- 
i-din-u'ri a. 

phe'ne-tol. An oily liquid, CgH5.0.C2Hg; ethyl phe- 
nate. 

phen-go-pho'bi a. Fear or intolerance of light. [< 
(peyyo^ light -f- 0 d/ 3 of fear.] 
phe'nic acid. ‘ = Carbolic acid. 
phe'ni-cate. To charge with phenic acid, 
phen'i-cin, -cine. = Indigo*carmin. 
phen'i-din, phe'nin. = Acetphenetidinum*. 
phe-nix'in. = Carbon tetrachloride. 
phe-no-bro'mate. A proprietary preparation of 
phenol and bromine: used in dysmenorrhoea. 
phen'o-coll, phen-o-colTum. A substance differing 
from phenacetin in that one hydrogen atom in 
the acetyl group has been replaced by the NH2 
group: used as an antipyretic, analgesic, and ner¬ 
vine. Dose, 0.6 to I Gm. (10 to 15 grs.). Its 
acetate, carbonate, and hydrochloride are also 
used. P. salicylate = SALOCOLL. 
phen-o-cre'o-sote. A name given to various prep¬ 
arations of phenol and creosote, 
phen'o-din. =H^m.atin, def. i. 
phe-no-di'na. =Phcenodine. 
phen'o-fax. [T] L. j. ’07.] 

phe'nol*. I. The name of a group of organic com¬ 
pounds of which carbolic acid is the type. They 
are derivatives of the aromatic hydrocarbons. 2. 
The U. S. P. name for acidum carbolicum (car¬ 
bolic acid) of the 1890 U. S. P. Chemically it is 
hydroxy benzene, CgH^OH, obtained either from 


PHENOLEN 


723 


PHENYLCHINALDIN 


coalstar by fractional distillation and subsequent 
purification, or made synthetically. It should 
contain at least 96% of absolute phenol. Dose, 

O. 065 Gm. (i gr.). P. benzoate, a compound of 
phenol, benzoic acid, and phosphorus oxychloride. 

P. bismuth, a white, neutral, nonstoxic, and non* 
caustic powder, almost odorless and tasteless, con¬ 
taining 80% bismuth oxide and 20% phenol : used 
as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 0.3 to i Gm. (5 
to 15 grs.). P. camphor, a mixture of equal 
weights of phenol and camphor : used as an anti¬ 
septic, for local anaesthesia, and internally. Dose, 

O. 3 to 0.6 Cc. (5 to 10 mins.). P. diiodide, an anti¬ 
septic wound dressing, occurring in form of a 
violet*red powder. P. ioda'tum = acidum car- 
BOLicuM ioD.\TUM. P. Hquefac'tum*, liquefied 
phenol, a liquid composed of not less than 86.4%, 
by weight, of absolute phenol, and about 13.6%, 
by weight, of water. Dose, 0.05 Cc. (i min.). P. 
monobromate, a dark*yellow oily fluid ; bromo- 
phenol; orthomonobromphenol : used in a i to 2% 
solution against erysipelas and as a disinfectant 
for tuberculous sputa. P. natrosulphoricinate = 

P. AND SODIUM suLPHORiciNATE. Orthomono- 
chloros and paramonochloros p., antiseptic sub¬ 
stances : used in various ways. P. salicylate = 
SALOL. P. sodique = LIQUOR SODII CARBOLATIS. 
P. and sodium sulphoricinate, synthetic phenol 
(25 and 30%) solution in sodium sulphoricinate: 
used as a caustic, antiseptic, and rubefacient, 
tphe'no-late, a salt of carbolic acid, phe'no-lat-ed. 

phe'no-len. [T|/. M. ’05.] 
phe-no'le um. A proprietary antiseptic, 
phe'no-lid. A mixture of acetanilide and sodium 
salicylate or sodium bicarbonate: used as an anti¬ 
pyretic and anodyne. 

phe'no-lin. i. Acresolsoap. 2. Crude phenol and 
potassium soap. 

phe-nol'o-gy. That branch of meteorology which 
deals with the effect of the climate upon the 
health of living beings, fphe-nol'o-gist. 
phemol-phthal'ein. Acrystalline indicator, CjoHj^O^, 
formed by the interaction of phenol upon phthalic 
anhydride. It occurs in a white or yellowish* 
white powder, used in alcoholic solution or in the 
form of a testspaper, chiefly as a delicate test in 
alkimetry, being turned red to rosesred by alkalies. 
Its use as a test for margarin led to the accidental 
discovery of its purgative qualities. Dose, 0.06 
to 0.5 Gm. (i to 8 grs.). ts- Purgen. 
phemol-phthal'in. A reduction product of phenol- 
phthalein. P. test, the red color produced by 
occult blood with an alkaline phenolphthalin 
solution and hydrogen dioxide, 
phemol-sul-phon'ic acid. = Sulphocarbolic acid. 
phe-no-lu'ri a. =Carboluria. 

phe-nom'e-nism. The doctrine of belief in phe¬ 
nomena, or only that which is observed, and the 
rejection of the primary principle of cause and 
effect. 

phe-nom-e-nog'ra-phy. A history of morbid phe¬ 
nomena. 

phe-nom'e-non, pi. -nom'ena. An appearance; any¬ 
thing remarkable. In pathology it is often used 
interchangeably with complex, reaction, re¬ 
flex, SIGN, SYMPTOM, and SYNDROME. Among 
the specially named varieties of phenomena are 
Aubert’s, Babinski’s, Bell’s, Bordet's (=Pfeif- 
fer’s). Brown’s (=brunonian theory). Cha¬ 
meleon, Cheyne*Stokes, Diaphragmatic {— 
Litten’s), Erben’s, Face* (=Chvostek’s 
§ign). Great toe (=Babinski’s), Kuhne’s muscu- 


lar (=Porret’s), Litten’s, Nasaroff’s, Os- 
ler’s, Palmoplantar (= Filipovitch’s sign), 
Pfeiffer’s, Phrenic, Porret’s, Raynaud’s, Rit' 
tersRollet, Toe*, Traube’s, and Trousseau’s. 
[< L., fr. (pa'tveadai, to appear.] tphe-nom-e-nol'- 
o-gy, the science which treats of the symptoms 
or phenomena of disease, phe-nom'e-nal. 
phe'none. Any compound alkyl and phenyl ketone, 
phe-no-py'rine. A compound of equal parts of car¬ 
bolic acid and antipyrine. 

phe-no-qui'none. A compound, CigHj^O^, formed 
by oxidizing phenol. 

phemo-re-sor'cin. A mixture of 67 parts of car¬ 
bolic acid with 33 parts of resorcin: said to com¬ 
bine the virtues of both its ingredients and used 
in skin diseases. 

phe-no-saf'ra-nin. A green, crystalline substance, 
CigHjgN^Cl, formed from phenylendiamine and 
aniline. 

phe'no-sal. Phenetidin acetosalicylate : an antipy¬ 
retic and antirheumatic. Dose, 0.5 Gm. ( 7^ grs.). 
phe-no-sal'yl. An antiseptic mixture of carbolic 
acid, salicylic acid, lactic acid, menthol, and euca¬ 
lyptus oil : used in conjunctivitis and eczema, 
phe'nose. An amorphous, deliquescent substance, 
C«Hg(OH)g. 

phe-no-suc'cin. =Pyrantin. 

phe-no-suc'ci-nate. A compound of phenol and an 
amide derivative of succinic acid with a base, as 
Sodium p., an analgesic and antipyretic, 
phe-no-sul-phon'ic acid. = Sulphocarbolic acid. 

tphe-no-sul'pho-nate. 
phe-nox'in. = Carbon tetrachloride. 
phe'nox-y-caf'fe ine. A crystalline anaesthetic, neu¬ 
ralgic, and hypnotic. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 
phe-no'zy-gous. = Phenozygous. 
phen-y-quin'o-line. One of a group of derivatives 
from quinoline which are destructive to infusorial 
and microscopic organisms, 
phen'y-form. A proprietary antiseptic, prepared 
by heating phenol with a solution of potassium 
hydroxide and formaldehyde: said to be non*toxic 
and used to promote granulation of wounds, 
phe'nyl. The univalent radical, CgHj, of carbolic 
acid. P. alcohol = CARBOLIC acid. P. bisulphy- 
drate = THioRESORCiN. P. chloroform = benzo- 
TRICHLORIDE. P. Cyanide = BENZONITRILE. P. 

formamide = formanilid. P. hydrate = carbolic 
ACID. P. hydride == BENZENE, def. i. P. isocy¬ 
anate =carbanil. P. mercaptan, a body, CgH5.- 
SH, derived from phenol by the action of phos¬ 
phorus pentasulphide. P. salicylate = phenyl is 

SALICYLAS* or SALOL. P. Urethane = EUPHORIN. 

phemyl-a-ce-tam'ide. = Acetanilidum*. 
phemyl-a-ce'tic acid. A crystalline substance, Cg- 
H5.CH2COOH, formed by the saponification of 
benzyl cyanide, and generated in putrefaction, 
phemyl-a-cet'y-lene. A pleasantssmelling liquid 
CgHs’ obtained by heating styrene bromide, 
phe-nyl-al'a-nine. A compound, C8HjjN02, or 
C6H5.C3H4(NH2)02, occurring among the prod¬ 
ucts of putrefaction ; phenylamidopropionic acid; 
phenyl*a*aminopropionic acid. 
phe*nyl-am'i-do-pro-pi-on'ic or phemylsnsamd-no- 
pro-pi-on'ic acid. = Phenylalanine. 
phe-nyl-am'ine. = Aniline. 
phe'ny-late. =Carbolate. 
phe-nyl-car-bam'ide. = Phenylurea. 
phe*nyl-chin-al'din. A crystalline derivative of 
aniline, acetophenone, and aldehyde acted upor 
by hydrochloric acid; phenylquinaldin: used as an 
antiperiodic. Dose, o.i to 0,2 Gm. (15 to 3 grs.) 


PHENYLCHINOLINE 


724 


PHLEBEMPHRAXIS 


phe‘nyl-chin'o-line. = Phenylquinoline. 
phe-nyl-chlo'ro-form. = Benzotrichloride. 
phe‘nyl-di-meth-yl-py-ra'zo-lon, -i*so-py-ra'zo-lon. 

= Antipyrina*. 

phe'nyl-ene-di-am'ine. A compound, CgH4(N 112)2. 
occurring in three isomeric forms, of which meta* 
phenylenediamine hydrochloride is used in acute 
diarrhoea from contaminated food, etc.; diamido- 
benzene. 

phe'ny-lene. = Antipyrina*. P. brown = Bis¬ 
marck BROWN. 

phe*nyl-eth-yl-am'ine. A liquid compound, C2- 
(CgH5)H4.NH2 = CgHjjN, formed by the decom¬ 
position of phenylalanine, 
phe-nyl-eth'y-lene. =Styrol. 
phemyl-ga-lac-to'sa-zone. The osazone of galactose: 

a substance similar to phenylglucosazone. 
phemyl-glu-cos'a-zone. A compound, CjgHgoN^O^, 
in fine yellow needles, formed by the combination 
of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride with glucose, 
phe-nyl-glyc'e-rol. =Stycerinol. 
phe-nyl-gly'col. The crystalline compound CH- 
(CgHg)(OH)CH20H. 

phemyl-glyco-lyl-phe-net'i-din. = Amygdophenin. 
phe*nyl-gly-cu-ron'ic acid. A combination of phe¬ 
nyl and glycuronic acid found in the urine after 
the administration of carbolic acid. 
phe*nyl-hy-dra'zine. A yellowish to red^brown li¬ 
quid, CgHgNo. P. test, a test for glucose, made by 
adding a mixture of phenylhydrazine hydro¬ 
chloride and sodium acetate to the suspected 
liquid, when yellow crystals of phenylglucosazone 
will be formed if glucose be present. 
phe*nyl-hy-dra*zin-lev-u-lin'ic acid. =Antither- 

MIN. 

phe*nyl-hy-drox-yl-am'ine. OgHgNH-OH. 
phe-nyl'ic. Containing phenyl. P. acid or alcohol 

= CARBOLIC ACID. 

phen'y-lis salicy'las*. Phenyl salicylate, CjgHjgOg, 
the salicylic ester of phenyl: salol of 1890 U. S. P. 
Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7)^ grs.). 

phe'nyl-lac-tos'a-zoiie. A yellow, crystalline reac- 
tionsproduct, C24H32N4O9, from lactose and phe¬ 
nylhydrazine. 

phe*nyl-mal-tos'a-zone. A yellow crystalline reac- 
tionsproduct, C24H32N40g, from phenylhydrazine 
and maltose. 

phe-nyl-meth'ane. A crystalline analgesic and anti¬ 
pyretic, (CH2CgH5)2. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 
phe*nyl-meth'yl-py-ra'zol-car-box-yric acid. An ex¬ 
tremely active diuretic, derived from pyrazole. 
Dose, I to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grs.). 
phe-nyl-o-bo'ric acid. An acid occurring in a white 
powder: said to be a powerful germicide and used 
locally upon venereal ulcers, 
phe'ny-lon. = Antipyrina*. 
phemyl-ox-am'ic acid. =Oxanilic acid. 
phe-nyl-phos'phine. = Phosphaniline. 
phe'nyl-qui-nal'din. = Phenylchinaldin. 
phemyl-quin'o-line. A derivative of quinoline; phe- 
nylchinoline: more active than quinine, 
phe-nyl-u-re'a. Colorless crystals, CO(NH2).NHCg- 
Hg', phenylcarbamide. 
phe-nyl-u're-thane. = Euphorin. 
phe'ra, phe'ta, phe'tra. Local East Indian names 
for trypanosomiasis. 

phe'sin. A proprietary derivative of phenacetin: 
antipyretic and antineuralgic. Dose, 0.5 to i Gm. 
'ih to 15 grs ). 

phi'al. A small glass bottle for containing liquid 
medicines; a vial. [< (ptaXr] shallow cup or bowl.] 
Philadcl'phus corona'rius. Mocksorange, an orna¬ 


mental saxifragaceous shrub, the flowers of which 
were formerly used as a tonic. 

-philia. Affinity; inclination; as in HjEmophilia. 

f-phile, having affinity for, as in eosinophile. 
phi-li-a'ter. An amateur physician or medical 
student. [< <j)i?(,elv to love-f tarpdf physician.] 
Phil'ip-pine itch. A mild form of epidemic small¬ 
pox, taken, at first, to be a new disease. 

Phil'lips’s muscle. A muscle arising from the exter¬ 
nal superior tuberosity of the radius and the ex¬ 
ternal lateral ligament of the ulnar articulation 
and inserted into the proximal portions of the 
phalanges. 

Philly'rea. A genus of oleaceous plants. From the 
bark and leaves of various species, as P. angusti- 
fo'lia, P. latifo'lia, and P. me'dia, is obtained a 
crystalline antimalarial glucoside, phil'ly-rin, which 
when heated with dilute hydrochloric acid is split 
into glucose and phil-lyg'e-nin. 
phi'lo-. Denoting love or affinity for: a combin¬ 
ing form. to love.] phi-lo-cat'a-lase. 

[Tf Compt. rend. ’05.] — phi-lo-cy'tase, Metchni- 
koff’s name for amboceptor. — phido-mi-me'si a, 
insane or morbid tendency to imitate actions.— 
phi-lo-ne'ism, an abnormal love for new things or 
novelty.— phido-pa-tri-do-ma'ni a,-pa-tri-dal'gia 
= NOSTALGIA. — phi-lo-sa-prot'ic = saprophytic. 

— phi-los'o-phers’ stone, an imaginary substance 
which, according to the opinion of the alchemists, 
had the power to transmute base metals into gold. 

— phi-los'o-phy, the knowledge of things, natural 
and moral, founded upon reason and experience; 
the science of causes and principles; the study 
of causation, or of the relation of cause and 
effect, phi-lo-thi'on. [T[ /. M.’o8.]— phi-lo-zo'ist, 
a person unusually devoted to animals; an anti- 
vivisectionist. 

phil'tre, -ter. A lovespotion; a medicine often used 
by the ancients for the purpose of inspiring love; 
an aphrodisiac draught or potion, 
phil'trum*. i. The depression in middle part of 
upper lip. 2. = Philtre. [L.] 
phi-mo-si-en'to-my, -si-ot'o-my. Incision of a nar¬ 
row prepuce. 

phi-mo'sis. Congenital or acquired elongation and 
constriction of the prepuce, so that it cannot be 
drawn back to uncover the glans. Blepharo- 
PHiMosis; paraphimosis; stricture. P. vagina'- 
lis, atresia of the vagina. [< (jnpovv to muzzle, 
to bind.] tpfii-niot'ic. 
phis-i-o-ther'a-py. = Physiotherapy. 
phiz. The face. (Slang.) 

phlas'ma, pi. -mata. A bruise or contused wound. 
[< (pXdafia or OTidafia.] 

phleb-. A prefix denoting vein. [< vein.] 
phleb-al'gi a. Pain in the veins. It may follow 
phlebitis, aneurisms, or nervous disorders. [ < 
(pM-ip vein + d?iyog pain.] 

phleb'ar-te-ri-ec-ta'si a, -ec'ta-sis. General diffuse 
dilatation of veins and arteries without direct con¬ 
nection between them. i^Aneurismal varix. 
P. sponta'nea extremita'tum, progressive angiec¬ 
tasia of the arteries and veins of an extremity, 
phle-bec-ta'si a, phle-bec'ta-sis. Enlargement, dila¬ 
tation, or swelling of a vein; varix. [<C (pXeife 
vein 4 - eKreiveiv to extend.] 
phle-bec'to-my. Excision of a portion of a vein, 
phle-bec-to'pi a, phle-bec'to-py. The abnormal sit¬ 
uation of a vein from original malformation or 
the pressure of a tumor. 

phle-bem-phrax'is. The stoppage of a vein; a ve¬ 
nous plug. 


PHLEBEPATITIS 


725 


PHLOBOPHENE 


phleb’ep-a-ti'tis. Inflammation of the liver veins, 
phleb'eu-rism. A varix; a varicose vein; varicos¬ 
ity in a vein. [< (pMip vein -f kvpvg wide.] 
phleb'in. i. The pigment of the red blood«corpus- 
cles of venous blood. 2. Hoppe»Seyler’s term for 
reduced haemoglobin. [< vein.] 
phle-bis^mus. The turgescence of veins caused by 
the impeded return of the blood, 
phle-bi'tis. Inflammation of a vein, consisting of 
plastic infiltration, thickening and often suppura¬ 
tion of its walls. It is distinguished by a hard, 
cord*like line, tender or painful on being touched, 
extending along the course of the affected vein or 
veins. ^ Endophlebitis ; periphlebitis. Ad¬ 
hesive p., plastic p. Anaemic and chlorotic p., 
forms associated with anaemia and chlorosis. 
Gouty p., a form frequent as a symptom of gout. 
P. nodula^ris necrot'isans, phlebitis marked by in¬ 
flammatory spots on the skin, which become ne¬ 
crotic and form ulcers. Obliterating or obstructive 
p., phlebitis leading to permanent closing of the 
lumen of a vein. Plastic p., phlebitis tending to 
the obliteration of a vein; adhesive p.; prolifera¬ 
tive p. Portal p. = PYLEPHLEBITIS. Prolifcrativc 
p., plastic p. Puerperal p., inflammation of 
the uterine veins following childbirth; uterine p. 
Recurrent p., phlebitis which occurs in intermit¬ 
tent periods. Septic p., phlebitis due to a septic 
process and associated with disintegration of the 
clot and infection of various parts of the body; 
suppurative p. Sinus p., inflammation of a venous 
sinus of the cerebrum. Suppurative p., septic 
p. Tuberculous p., a form associated with tuber¬ 
culosis. Umbilical p., inflammation and throm¬ 
bosis of the umbilical vein in the new-born. It 
is usually fatal. Uterine p., puerperal p. [< 
(pXeip vein.] tpWe-bit'ic. 

phleb'o-. Pertaining or relating to a vein : a com- 
biningform. i^Arterio-. [< vein.] phleb*- 
o-car-ci-no'ma, cancer of the walls of a vein.— 
phleb*o-cho-lo'sis, disease of a vein.— phleb'o- 
gram, a sphygmogram effected or traced by the 
blood*current in a vein, as in phlebopalia.— phleb'- 
o-graph, an instrument for recording the venous 
pulse.— phle-bog'ra-phy, a description or history 
of the veins.— phleb'oid, resembling a vein.— 
phleb'o-lite, -o-lith, a concretion found in a vein; 
a venous calculus: applied to small, fibrous, cal¬ 
cified bodies sometimes found loose in the veins, 
especially in varicose dilatation of the lower ex¬ 
tremities. tphleb-o-lith'ic. — phleb*o-li-thi'a-sis, 
the formation of phlebolites; that condition of 
health in which venous calculi are formed.— 
phle-bol'o-gy, a treatise on the veins; the anatomy 
of the veins.— phleb*o-me-tri'tis, venous metritis, 
or inflammation of the veins of the womb.— phleb- 
-o-pa'li a, -pal'mus, venous pulse.— phleb-o-pex'y, 
the term given by Lonquet to the preservation 
of the venous reticulum resulting from the ex- 
traserous transplantation of the testicle in 
cases of varicocele. — phleb*oph-thal-mot'o-my 
= OPHTHALMOPHLEBOTOMY. — phleb-or-rha'gi a, 
phleb'or-rhage, sudden discharge of blood from a 
vein.— phleb-or'rha-phy, the uniting of a divided 
vein by a suture.— phleb-or-rhex'is, the bursting 
or rupture of a vein.— phleb*o-sce-nog'ra-phy, an 
illustrated description of the veins, Phlebog¬ 
raphy. — phleb*o-scle-ro'sis, the hardening or 
hyperplasia of the coats of a vein. Arterio¬ 
sclerosis. — phleb'o-ste-no'sis, constriction or re¬ 
duction of calibre, in a vein.— phleb*o-strep'sis, 
surgical torsion or twisting of a vein.— phleb'o- 


throm-bo'sis, thrombosis in a vein. Throm¬ 
bophlebitis. — phleb*o-to-ma'ni a, excessive pro¬ 
clivity for bloodletting.— phleb'o-tome, a lancet 
for opening a vein; a fleam, or phleme.— phle- 
bot'o-my, the operation of opening a vein; vene¬ 
section ; bloodletting. Arteriotomy. tphlc^“ 
o-tom'i-cal. phle-bot'o-mist. phle-bot'o-mize. 
phlegm. I. Originally, “ inflammation,” but after¬ 
ward applied to certain humors supposed to be 
the cause of inflammation, and also of diseases 
unattended with inflammation; one of the four 
natural humors of the ancients. 2. A name given 
by the old chemists to a watery distilled liquor, 
as distinguished from a spirituous liquor. 3. In 
popular language, thick, viscid mucus in the air* 
passages. [< (plkypa, fr. (^'keyeiv to burn.] 
phleg'ma-gogue. A medicine which tends to the 
expulsion of phlegm. [< phlegm -f ayuydq 

conducting.] fpWeg^nia-gog'ic. 
phleg-ma'si a, phleg'ma-sy. Inflammation accom¬ 
panied by fever. P. al'ba do'lens or P. do'lens, 
white leg or milk*leg, phlebitis sometimes occur¬ 
ring in women soon after delivery, due to venous 
thrombosis and characterized by pain, increasing 
to an excruciating degree, along the thigh and leg 
to the foot, each part gradually becoming much 
swelled and very tense; leucophlegmasia. P. 
malabar'ica= elephantiasis, tphleg-ma-sit'ic. 
phleg-ma'ti a. Dropsical swelling. [ < (^Tieypa 
phlegm.] 

phleg-mat'ic, phleg'ma-tous. ’ Relating to or abound¬ 
ing in phlegm; dull; sluggish. P. temperament, 

GSr TEMPERAMENT. 

phleg-ma-tor-rhoe'a. A catarrhal discharge, 
phleg'mon, pi. phleg'mona. An acute spreading in¬ 
flammation involving the subcutaneous or sub¬ 
mucous tissues and apt to end in suppuration. 
Varieties are Dupuytren’s p., gaseous p., and 
sublingual p. (= Ludwig’s angina). Phlegmona 
diffu'sa = PHLEGMONOUS CELLULITIS. P. ligneux, 
woodslike infiltration of skip and muscle=tissue, 
streptococcic in origin and occurring especially 
along the neck; Reclus’s disease. [< (pleypovi], fr. 
(pleyeLv to burn.] fphleg'mo-noid. phleg'mo- 

nous, as P. cellulitis, acute inflammation of the 
connective tissue with tendency to embrace the 
closeslying tissues and to produce mortification; 
phlegmona diffusa; P. enteritis, an affection oc¬ 
curring sometimes in connection with intussuscep¬ 
tion, strangulated hernia, and chronic obstruc¬ 
tion, with symptoms similar to peritonitis: P. 
erysipelas, erysipelas affecting both the skin and 
the subcutaneous cellular tissue, and in which 
there is formation of pus with marked constitu¬ 
tional symptoms; pseudo*erysipelas: P. gastri¬ 
tis, a rare disease marked by suppurative proc¬ 
esses in the submucosa of the stomach: P. in¬ 
flammation, an extremely acute form of inflamma¬ 
tion of the cellular tissue: P. laryngitis, ts- laryn¬ 
gitis: P .mastitis, mastitis attended with suppura¬ 
tion : P. oesophagitis, purulent inflammation of the 
submucous coat of the oesophagus: P. stomatitis 
== ulcerative stomatitis: and P. ulcer — m- 

FLAMED ULCER. 

phleg-mor-rhcB'a. = Blennorrhcea. 
phleg-my-me-ni'tis. Inflammation of a mucous 

membrane. 

phleme. A fleam, fleme, or phlebotome. 
phlob'o-phene. A brown, amorphous substance, of 
doubtful composition derived from oak bark, 
phlo'em. In botany, collectively the sievestubes 
and adjacent cells and parenchyma. 


PHLOGISTON 


726 


PHONETICS 


phlo-gis^ton. A principle formerly supposed to ex¬ 
ist in inflammatory substances, ts- Antiphlogis¬ 
tic. [< (ployiarog inflammable.] fphlo-gis'tic, 
inflammatory. phlo-gis'ti-ca-ted, as P. air— 
NITROGEN : P. alkali, fixed alkali when mixed with 
an animal substance, heated, lixiviated, and the 
solution evaporated; Prussian alkali, phlo-gis*- 
ti-co-zy'moid. A hypothetic principle supposed 
to furnish the feeding*ground necessary for in¬ 
flammatory processes. 

phlo'go-. Denoting or relating to inflammation: a 
combining form. [< flame.] phlog-o-chro'- 
ma, the color indicative of inflammation.— phlog'- 
o-gen, -gon, any substance which excites in¬ 
flammation in a tissue with which it comes in 
contact ; an irritant. tpWog-o-gen'ic; phlog-o-ge- 
net'ic; phlo-gog'e-nous. — phlog'oid, resembling 
inflammation. — phlog'osed, inflamed. — phlo- 
go'sin, a substance said to be the product of the 
culture of the microsorganism called Streptococ¬ 
cus pyog'enes au'reus: said to lead to intense local 
inflammation and abscess.— phlo-go'sis=iNFLAM- 
MATioN. tpfllo-got'ic. — phlo-got'i-ca, various 
forms of inflammation.— phlog-o-ur'gi a, the met¬ 
abolic changes produced by inflammation. — 
phlog-o-zel'o-tism, fanatical ascribing of every 
disease to an inflammatory origin, 
phlo-ram'in. A crystalline substance, CgH^NO^, 
formed by treating phloroglucin with ammonia, 
phlor'e-tin or phlo-ret'ic acid. A bitter, white, crys¬ 
talline substance, C,5Hj405, with febrifuge proper¬ 
ties: formed by the action of dilute acids on 
phloridzin. P. diabetes, diabetes produced in ani¬ 
mals by the administration of phloretin. 
phlo'rhi-zin. The preferable form for phloridzin. 
phlor'id-zin or phlor'i-zin. A bitter, crystalline glu- 
coside, C21H24OJQ, from the bark of the root of the 
apple*, the pear*, and the cherrystree. It is tonic, 
and is used in intermittent fever as a substitute 
for quinine. Its use may lead to glycosuria and 
because of this fact it is employed in testing (P. 
test) the functional activity of the kidneys. Dose, 
0.6 to 1.3 Gm. (10 to 20 grs.). 
phlo-ro-glu'ci-nol, -glu'cin. A phenol, C(;H3(OH)3, 
found in many plants, the bark of rosaceous trees, 
and several varieties of resin, or obtained from 
resorcinol: used as a tonic, antiseptic, antipyretic, 
and as a test for woody tissues and hydrochloric 
acid, with which it gives a red color, also as a de¬ 
calcifying agent. P.svanillin, a reagent of 2 parts 
of phloroglucinol and i of vanillin in 30 of absolute 
alcohol. 1^ GuNTZBURg’s TEST, 
phlo'rol. A colorless, oily compound, CgHj^O, formed 
by decomposing phloretin. 
phlo'rone. Yellow crystals, CgH802, formed by dis¬ 
tilling beechwood and coahtar. 
phlo'rose. A glucose identical with dextrose, 
phlo'ryl. A principle from creasote. 
phlox'in. A red coal*tar dye resembling eosin. 
phlyc-tae'na, pi. -tce'nce. A pellucid vesicle contain¬ 
ing a serous fluid, fphlyc-te'nar; phlyc-te'noid. 
phlyc-tae-no'sis. A skin disease marked by phlyc- 
taenae, as P. strepiog'enes, due to a streptococcus, 
phlyc-taen'u-la, phlyc-ten'ule. A little vesicle: es¬ 
pecially one occurring in inflammation of the con¬ 
junctiva or cornea, filled with a thin, colorless 
fluid, tphlyc-ten'u-lar, as P. conjunctivitis, t^coN- 
junctivitis: P. keratitis, is" keratitis: P. oph¬ 
thalmia, phlyctenular conjunctivitis and keratitis, 
phlyc'tis. =PHLYCTiENA. 
phlys'is. = Felon. [< breaking out.] 

phly-za'ci um, -ci on. A small pustule containing 


pus, raised on a round, hard, inflamed base, and 
terminating in a dark*colored scab. P. acu'tum, 
ECTHYMA. [< to boil.] tphly-za'ci ous. 

pho-ban'thro-py. = Anthropophobia. 
pho'bi a. A morbid and persistent dread or fear: 
often in composition, as in agoraphobia, claustro- 
phobia, etc. Obsession. [< (pdfiog fear.] 
pho-bo-path'i a. = Pathophobia. 
pho-bo-pho'bi a. Morbid fear of being frightened, 
Pho' cas’s disease. Chronic fibrous mastitis, 
pho-ce'nia, pho'cen-in. =Trivalerin. 
pho-cen'ic acid. = Valerianic acid. [<. seal.] 
pho-com'e-lus. A form of monster with the hands 
or feet attached directly to the body. [ < (p^Krj seal 
-f-limb.] tphO“Co-me'li a ; pho-com'e-lus. 
phoe'ni-cine. = Indigo*carmin. 
phcE-ni-cis'mus. Measles; rubeola. [< (polvi^ red.] 
phoe-nig'mus, phoe-nix'is. i. A skin disease marked 
by redness without fever; red jaundice. 2. = 
Rubefaction. 

Phoe'nix. A genus of palms, especially P. dactilif'- 
era, the date palm. 

phoe'no-dine. i. A blood*clot. 2. = Hematin, def. i 
phol'i-dote. Scaly. [< boA/dwroc.] 
pho-na'co-scope. Rif. med. ’06.] 
pho'nal. Pertaining to the voice. [ < (jxovi} voice.] 
pho-nas-cet'ics. Exercise to strengthen the voice, 
pho-nas-the'ni a. Weakness of the voice, 
pho-na'tion. The sum*total of the phenomena 
necessary for the production of the voice. The 
intercostal phenomena are 
sometimes used for diagnosis. 

[< (puvTj voice.] tpflo'nate. 
pho'na-to-ry, as P. bands, the 
VOCAL CORDS or artificial sub¬ 
stitutes for them, 
pho-nau'to-graph. An apparatus 
by which a tracing of the vi¬ 
brations of the air produced 
by the voice is made. [< 

(jxjvr/ voice -t- avrSg self -f- ypb.- 
<l>eiv to write.] 

-phone. An instrument for hear¬ 
ing, as in dermatophone. 
pho-nesen-tal-lax'is. The confu¬ 
sion of vowels and diphthongs 
with each other. [ < cpov?) voice 
+ kvT 6 g within + d/blddcrtTV to 
change.] 

pho-nen'do-scope. A stethoscope 
which intensifies the sounds of 
the lungs and heart, Pho¬ 
noscope. [< (puv^ voice T 
Ivdov within -|-<T/co7re<p to view.] 
tpho-nen-dos'co-py. 
pho-nen-do-ski'a-scope, A per¬ 
forated fluorescent disk with connecting tubes to 
be pressed on the chest and used as a combined 
fluoroscope and phonendoscope. Miinchen. 
med. Wchnschr.,’og.] 
pho-ne'sis. = Phonation. 

pho-net'ic, pho'nic. Pertaining to the voice; per¬ 
taining to, or representing, articulate sounds, P. 
centre, i. The point or place in which is situated 
either the person who speaks or the body which 
emits the sound. 2. A centre at the base of the 
brain for the production of vocal sounds. P. paral¬ 
ysis, aphonia due to paralysis. P. spasm, spasm 
of the muscles controlling the vocal cords, 
pho-net'ics. The science of vocal sounds and their 
production, fplion'ics, the science of training 
the voice and speech. 



Phonendoscofe. 







PHONISM 


727 


PHOSPHENE 


pho'nism. A sensation of hearing or sound produced 
by, or suggested by, a sensation of sight, smell, 
taste, or touch, Syn.,esthesia. 
pho'no-. Relating to the voice or sound: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< (jxjjvy voice.] pho-no-camp'sis, in 
physics, a throwing back, or reflecting, of sound; 
echo, tpho-no-camp'tic, as P. centre, the situa¬ 
tion where the ear is placed in order to receive 
reflected sounds.— pho-no-chor'dae, the vocal 
CORDS.—pho'no-graph, an instrument for record¬ 
ing and reproducing sounds. It consists of a 
diaphragm which vibrates in unison with the 
air and impresses a marking on a moving cylin¬ 
der or disk. When this record or a copy of it is 
revolved it sets the diaphragm vibrating, and thus 
the sound is reproduced. It has been used with 
advantage for recording heartsmurmurs, rales, etc. 

— pho-nol'-o-gy, the science which treats of the 
modifications of the voice, or of the distinctive 
character of different articulate sounds.— pho-no- 
ma'ni a, impulse for murder.— phomo-mas-sage', 
-pneu-mo-mas-sage', methods of treatment of ear® 
disease by action on the tympanum and apparatus 
of the inner ear by means of soundsvibration or 
electricity. — pho-nom'e-ter, an instrument for 
measuring the intensity of vocal sounds.— pho- 
nom'e-try. i. The measurement of the quality of 
the voice. 2. The testing of certain parts of the 
body by means of a tuning=fork: introduced by 
Baas. tpho-no-met'ric. — pho*no-my-o-clo'nus, 
myoclonus in which a sound is heard in a muscle by 
auscultation whether it is contracting or at rest. 

— pho-nop'a-thy, any disease or defect of the 
vocal organs.— pho-no-pho'bi a, fear of speaking: 
seen in laryngeal paralysis.— pho'no-phore. i. 
An ossicle of the ear. 2. A variety of stetho¬ 
scope, acting on the principle of the ear^trumpet. 

— pho-nop'si a, the perception of subjective sen¬ 
sations of color due to actual auditory sensations. 

— pho'no-scope, an instrument for augmenting 
sounds in auscultation. It is a form of stetho¬ 
scope into the ear^piece of which a microphone 
has been inserted.— pho-no-spas'mi a, spasm or 
convulsions at the utterance of speech. Rev. 
m^d. July, 1833, p. 82.] 

-phony. A voice=sound, as in bronchophony. 
pho-no-ma'ni a. An insane desire to commit mur¬ 
der. [< bopof slaughter + /uav'ia mania.] 

-pho'ri a. A suffix denoting the tendency or direc¬ 
tion of the lines of vision as in heterophoria, ortho- 
phoria, etc. f-phore, as in toxophore. 
phor'mia. = Pseudomorphine. 
phor-o-cy-to'sis. Proliferation of phor'o-cytes, t. e., 
connectivestissue cells. 

pho-rom'e-ter. i. An apparatus for measuring the 
relative strength of the ocular muscles. 2. An 
instrument for measuring the deviation of the 
visual axes from their normal direction. [< 
(popelv to carry + perpov measure.] 'tphor-o- 
met'ri a; pho-rom'e-try. 

phorone (for'on or fo-ron'). A yellowish, oily sub¬ 
stance, C9HJ4O, formed in various ways, as by 
the decomposition of camphoric acid, 
pho-ron'o-my. i. Kinematics. 2. The succession 
of movements of the presenting part of the foetus 
through the parturient canal. [ < bopd motion -f- 
vopoq law.] 

phor- 050 p-tom'e-ter. An instrument for the optical 
testing of muscular defects. [< <popd motion -I- 
optometer.] 

phor'o-tone. An instrument for the exercise of the 
ocular muscles. 


phose. Any subjective sensation of color or light 
scotoma scintillans: often used in composition, 
as in Aphose, Centraphose, Centrophose, 
Chromophose, Peripheraphose, Periphero- 
PHosE, etc. [< (pojg light.] 
pho'sene. =Synanthene. 

phos'fer-rin. A proprietary solution of chloride of 
iron, phosphoric acid, and glycerin, 
phos'fer-rol. A proprietary preparation of iron, 
strychnine, glycerophosphates, malt extract, and 
codsliver oil. 

phos'gen. = Carbon oxychloride. [< light 
+ stem yev to be produced.] 
phos-gen'ic. Lightsproducing. 
pho'sis. Production of a phose. 
pho'sote. A syrupy proprietary liquid containing 
80% of creosote and 20% of phosphorus pentox- 
ide: used in tuberculosis. 

phos'pha-gon. A proprietary elixir of alkaline glyc¬ 
erophosphates. 

phos'pham. A white or reddish substance, PhNj, 
formed in the decomposition of phosphoric anhy¬ 
dride with ammonia gas. 

phos-phan'i-line. A pleasantssmelling liquid, CgH^- 
PHg’, phenylphosphine. 

phos'phas, gen. -pha'tis. = Phosphate. [L.] 
phos'phate. A salt formed of phosphoric acid and 
a base. It may appear in the urine combined 
with potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesia, or 
ammonia and sometimes enters into the formation 
of calculi. ^Phosphorus*. Preparations of phos¬ 
phate official in the U. S. P. are Calcii phosphas 
PR^CIPITATUS*, CODEIN.® PHOSPHAS*, FeRRI 
PHOSPHAS SOLUBILIS*, LiQUOR SODII PHOSPHATIS 
COMPOSITUS*, SODII PHOSPHAS*, SODII PHOSPHAS 
EFFERVESCENS*, and SODII PHOSPHAS EXSICCA- 
TUS*. Other phosphates more or less used in 
medicine are those of bismuth, creosote, copper, 
guaiacol, magnesium, manganese, potassium, qui¬ 
nine, silver, strychnine, zinc, etc. Acid p., a phos¬ 
phate in which only one or two of the hydrogen 
atoms of the acid are replaced by metals; when 
one it is termed Monobasic or Dihydric and when 
two Dibasic or monohydric. Alkaline p., a phos¬ 
phate of the alkaline metals. Ammonium mag¬ 
nesium p., a double salt of ammonium, magne¬ 
sium, and phosphoric acid, normally absent in ani¬ 
mal liquids but formed in the urine when it is 
neutral or alkaline; the triple phosphate of some 
authors. It may enter into the composition of 
calculi. Earthy p., a phosphate of an alkaline 
earth, as of calcium. Stellar p., the starslike crys¬ 
tals of calcium phosphate, found in urinary 
deposits. Triple p., ammonium magnesium phos¬ 
phate. [For phosphorate.] tphos'pha-ted, phos- 
phat'ic, as P. acid, a mixture of phosphorous and 
phosphoric acids: P. calculus, one containing 
phosphates: P. diathesis, that condition of the 
system which favors the deposition of phosphates 
from the urine. The daily secretion of phos¬ 
phoric acid by the kidneys amounts to about 
3 Gm. (so grs.). 

phos'pha-tid. A phosphorus=compound found in 
the brainssubstance. 

phos‘pha-top'to-sis. The natural deposition of phos¬ 
phates in the urine. 

phos-pha-tu'ri a. The presence in the urine of an 
abnormally large quantity of phosphates, ts- 
OxALURiA. [< phos'phas phosphate+ ovpov urine.] 
phos'phene. The subjective appearance of lumi¬ 
nous spots or rings within the eye, due to press¬ 
ure (Pressure p.) on the eyeball, etc.; also the spot. 


PHOSPHIDE 


728 


PHOTO- 


ring, or star itself. There is also a form depend¬ 
ent on the pulse (Pulsatile p.). &■ Photopsy. P. 

of accommodation, a phosphene produced by the 
accommodative effort. [< pwf light -f (paivetv to 
show.] tphos-phen'ic, as P. retinoscopy, a test 
for ascertaining the condition of the optic nerve 
and the retina when the lens is opaque, performed 
by pressure upon the eye, which excites phos- 
phenes if the nerve and retina are healthy. 

phos'phide. A compound of phosphorus with an¬ 
other element. 

phos'phine. i. Phosphuretted hydrogen, PH3, 2. 
Any substitution compound formed by the radical 
PH3. 3. The commercial name for diamidophe- 
nylacridine binitrate, a reddish powder, said to 
be a valuable analgesic. 4. Acoabtar color; chry- 
saniline yellow: used as a stain. 

phos'phite. A combination of phosphorous acid 
with a base. 

phos'pho-. Relating to phosphorus or its com¬ 
pounds ; sometimes to light or phosphorescence: 
a combining form. [< light.] phos-pho- 
gen'ic, producing light or phosphorescence.— 
phos*pho-gly-cer'ic acid, a liquid compound, C3H<,- 
POg, derived from lecithin. — phos*pho-gly-co- 
pro'teid = nucleosalbumin. — phos-pho-le'ine, 
powdered bone, alcoholized marrow of beef, and 
sugar: proposed as an analeptic. Lit. ’08.] — 
phos-phom'e-ter. [Tf/. M. ’03.]—phos'pho-mo- 
lyb'dic acid = Sonnenschein’s re.agent. —phos*- 
pho-ne-cro'sis, phos‘phor-ne-cro'sis = phospho¬ 
rus necrosis. — •phos-pho'nium, the hypothetical 
radical PH^, analogous to NH^, ammonium.— 
phos*pho-pro'te ins, proteins including such sub¬ 
stances as viTELLiN and caseinogen with its 
derivative casein. The term nucleo-, often used 
in connection with this class, is misleading and in¬ 
correct. Halliburton.'] — phos'pho-ra-ted, -pho- 
ret-ted, combined or impregnated with phospho¬ 
rus, as P. hydrogen. — P. oil = oleum phosphora- 
TUM.— phos-pho-ren'e-sis, any disease due to an 
abnormal amount of calcium phosphate in the 
system.— phos-pho-res'cence, the property of a 
body to become luminous in the dark at ordinary 
temperature and without the diffusion of sensible 
heat. This phenomenon is met with in many 
animal and vegetable substances, as in certain 
bacteria, decaying wood, the glow=worm, jelly* 
fish, etc. I®-Fluorescence, tphos-pho-res'cent, 
as P. = PHOSPHORiDROsis. — phos-phor'ic 

acid, see in vocabulary place at end of this list.— 
phos’phor-i-dro'sis, luminous or phosphorescent 
sweat: seen in the late stages of phthisis, miliaria, 
poisoning with putrid fish, etc.— phos'pho-rism, 
the morbid condition induced by the intake of too 
much phosphorus; chronic phosphorus poisoning. 
— phos'pho-rized, containing phosphorus, as P. fat, 
rs" LECITHIN. — phos-phor'o-scope, an instrument 
invented by Becquerel for the determination of 
the degree of phosphorescence in liquids, gases, 
and solids.— phos-pho'rous, as P. acid, an acid, 
H3PO3 . — ^phos-pho-ru'ri a, the presence of phos¬ 
phorus or of phosphates in the urine.— phos'pho- 
tal, a thick yellowish syrup prepared from creosote 
and phosphorus trichloride, containing 90% of 
creosote and 9.5% of phosphorus; creosote phos¬ 
phite: used in tuberculosis.— phos-pho-tung'stic 
acid, a compound of phosphoric and tungstic 
acids: used as a test for alkaloids and in the P. a. 
hemotoxylin stain for the fibrils of certain cells, 
tphos-pho-tung'state. — phos-pho-vin'ic acid, eth- 
ylphosphoric acid, fphos-pho'vi-nate. 


phos-phor'ic acid. An acid of the third degree of oxi¬ 
dation of phosphorus, H3PO4, formed by the oxi¬ 
dation of phosphorus; orthophosphoric acid. 
Pure phosphoric acid is crystalline. The official 
phosphoric acid (acidum phosphoricum*) contains 
85% by weight of absolute orthophosphoric acid, 
and is a syrupy liquid. The anhydrous acid is 
called pentoxide or anhydride. This is formed 
when phosphorus is burned with flame in the air, 
and appears as a white smoke. P. a. anhydride, 

PHOSPHORIC ACID. DibasiC p. a. = PYROPHOS- 

PHORic ACID. Diluted p. a. = acidum phosphori- 
cuM DiLUTUM*. Glacial p. a. = acidum meta- 
PHOSPHORicuM DILUTUM. Monobasic p. a., meta- 
phosphoric acid, HOPOg. P. paralysis, paralysis 
due to poisoning with phosphorus. P. pentoxide, 

tS- PHOSPHORIC ACID. 

phos'pho-rus*. A translucent, nearly colorless, non* 
metallic element, resembling wax, without taste, 
but having a peculiar smell: sp. gr., from 1.77 to 
1.83; at. wt., 30.77; sym., P. It is insoluble in 
water, and may be best preserved in this medium 
in strong, welbclosed vessels, in a secure and 
moderately cool place, protected from light. It 
is soluble in 350 parts of absolute alcohol. It is 
very inflammable and when exposed to the air 
emits white fumes which are luminous in the dark. 
It occurs in several forms or modifications: (i) 
The Ordinary or Vitreous, described abov'e. (2) 
The Allotropic, Amorphous, or Red, comparatively 
nonstoxic and made by heating the ordinary 
variety. It is used in making safety*matches and 
often employed as a means of suicide and aborti- 
facient. (3) The Metallic or Rhombohedral, a 
dark, crystalline substance with a metallic lustre. 
The phosphorus of the U. S. P. should be 99.5% 
pure. Therapeutically it is used as a nervesstimu- 
lant, in sexual exhaustion, mania, melancholia, 
neuralgia, cerebral softening, rhachitis, osteoma¬ 
lacia, caries, in various skin diseases, etc. It is an 
irritant poison: antidotes are emetics, a 0.5 to 
1% solution of potassium permanganate, lime* 
water, but no oils or fatty matters. Dose, 0.0005 
Gm. (xi;? gr.). ^Phosphate; phosphoric acid. 
P. of Canton, calcium sulphide. P. necrosis, necro¬ 
sis of the lower jaw occurring as a result of chronic 
phosphorus poisoning. P.spaste, a pasty mixture 
of phosphorus and flour: used principally as a rat* 
poison. P. pentasulphide, yellow crystalline 
masses, PjSg: used in organic chemistry. P. pen¬ 
toxide, phosphoric acid. P. trichloride, a clear, 
colorless, fuming liquid, PCI3. [< (l>ioc(l> 6 pog light* 
bringing, fr. ^cjg light -)- ^epeiv to bring.] 
phos'phu-ret. = Phosphide. 
phos-phu-ret'ted. = Phosphorated. 
phos-phu'ri a. = Phosphaturia. 
phos'sy mouth or jaw. = Phosphorus necrosis. 
pho-taes-the'si a, pho-taes'the-sis. Sensitiveness to 
light. [< (pcjg light + aladr/aig perception.] 
pho-tal'gi a, pho-tal'gy. Pain from excessive light, 
pho'tic. Of or belonging to light, 
pho'tism. A sensation of color, or other visual 
image, produced by a sensation of hearing, taste, 
touch, or smell. c^Phonism; syn.®sthesia. 
pho'to-. Denoting or relating to light: a combining 
form. light.] pho-to-ac-tiv'i-ty. [^J.A. 

M. A. j. ’06.]— pho-to-bac-te'ri um, -ba-cil'lus, a 
form of photogenic microsorganisms from putres¬ 
cent fish, etc. s^Bacillus; phosphorescence.— 
pho*to-bi-ol'o-gy. Biochem. Cb. ’06.]— pho'to- 

bi-ot'ic, living in light only.— pho-to-camp'sis, 
refraction of light.— pho-to-cau'te-ry, cautery 


PHOTO- 


729 


PHRENIC 


by means of the sun’s rays concentrated by 
lenses. — pho-to-chem'is-try, that part of chemis¬ 
try that treats of the chemical actions induced by 
light. tpho~to-chem'i-cal. — pho'to-chro-mat'ic 
treatment, treatment of disease by colored light. 

Blue » light treatment. — pho-to-chro'mo- 
scope, an instrument for the reproduction of pho¬ 
tographs in natural colors. —• pho-to-cy'a-nin, 
cyanin discolored by ozone.— pho’to-dy-nam'ics, 
relating to the energy produced by lightsrays. 
tpho-to-dy-nam'ic substances, substances, often 
fluorescent, which act more strongly on protozoa 
under the influence of light than in the dark. 
[II Gt. ’09.] — pho*to-dys-pho'ri a = photophobia, 

— pho’tose-lec-tric'i-ty, electricity produced by 
the decomposition under the influence of light of 
the galvanic element known as pho-to=el'e-ment. 

— pho’to-flu-or'o-scope, a fluoroscope for making 
observations or photographs with Rontgen rays. 

— pho-to-gas'tro-scope, an instrument for the ex¬ 
amination of the stomach by means of light. — 
pho'to-gen, a substance in the interior of phos¬ 
phorescent bacteria which in the presence of free 
oxygen and water gives off light, but little or no 
heat.— pho'to-gene, a retinal impression, or pic¬ 
ture, more or less continued.— pho-to-gen'e-sis, 
the production of light or phosphorescence, 
tpho-to-gen'ic.— pho'to-gram, a photograph of a 
microscopic object.— pho-tog'ra-phy, the art of 
producing pictures (pho'to-graphs) by the action 
of light on chemically prepared surfaces, contain¬ 
ing substances, as silver salts, readily decomposed 
by light. New or Xsray p., rontgenogram. 

— pho'to-gra-phom'e-ter, a photographic device 
for ascertaining the amount of a deformity. — 
pho*to-haem-o-ta-chom'e-ter, a device by which 
the velocity of the bloodscurrent is photograph¬ 
ically recorded. — pho’to-ki-net'ic, generating 
movement by means of light.— pho*to-lar-yn- 
gos'co-py, photography of the larynx by the 
laryngoscope.— pho-tol'o-gy, the science of light. 
— pho'to-lyte, a substance chemically decomposed 
by light.— pho-to-mag'ne-tism, magnetism in¬ 
duced by certain rays of the solar spectrum, 
tpho-to-mag-net'ic. — pho-to-ma'ni a, maniacal 
symptoms developed under the influence of light. 

— pho-tom'e-ter, an instrument by which to ascer¬ 
tain the comparative intensity of light. Forster’s 
p. = PHOTOPTOMETER.— pho-to-mct'ric, -met'ri- 
cal. pho-tom'e-try. — pho-to-mi'cro-graph, an en¬ 
larged photograph of a microscopic object pro¬ 
duced by throwing its image through a suitable 
combination of microscope and camera. ^Micro- 
photograph. tpho‘to-mi-crog'ra-phy. — pho-ton'- 
o-sos, -sus, any disease, as snow^blindness, aris¬ 
ing from exposure to a glare of light.— pho'to- 
par-aes-the'si a, a deficiency or perversion in reti¬ 
nal sensibility to light. — pho-to-phil'ic, seeking 
or attracted by light. — pho-to-pho'bi a, a dread 
or intolerance of light; phengophobia; photodys¬ 
phoria. It is a symptom of most forms of in¬ 
flammation of the eye but especially of iritis. It 
also occurs in many diseases of the nervous sys¬ 
tem, in cerebral irritation, meningitis, etc. tP^o- 
to-phob'ic. — pho'to-phone, an instrument for pro¬ 
ducing sounds by the action of rays of light.— 
pho'to-phore, the lamp used in endoscopy.— pho'- 
top-sy, -si a, the subjective sensation of flashes of 
light or luminous spectra, due to an abnormal 
state of some part of the nervous apparatus of 
the visual sense, or to some stimulus other than 
light. i^Phosphene.— pho-top-tom'e-ter, a de¬ 


vice for testing the acuity of vision by determin¬ 
ing the smallest amount of light that will render 
a given object visible. — pho'to-ra-di-om'e-ter, 
an instrument for ascertaining the quantity 
of Rontgen rays penetrating a given surface.— 
pho-tor-rhex'is, refraction of the rays of light.— 
pho’to-san-ton'ic acid, a derivative of santonin 
by the action of sunlight.— pho'to-scopc. i. = 
Fluoroscope. 2. An instrument for the ascer¬ 
tainment of the translucency of the walls of the 
antrum of Highmore.— pho*to-ski-op'tic = ront- 
genographic. — pho-to-syn'the-sis, the formation 
(synthesis) in the green plant tissues of glucose 
(the basal plant food), or related substances, with 
release of oxygen, from carbon dioxide and water, 
dissociated by the action of light.— pho-to-tax'is, 
the attraction {Positive p.) ox repulsion {Negative 
p.) of certain cells and bacteria under the influence 
of light.— pho-to-ther'a-py, pho’to-ther-a-peu'tics, 
the treatment of disease and wounds with con¬ 
centrated rays of light; actinotherapy; leuco-' 
therapy. ^Actinotherapy; N*rays; radium; 
Rontgen rays. — phoffo-thermo-ther'a-py, the 
treatment of disease by the combination of heat 
and rays of light.— pho-to-tro'pism, the move¬ 
ment of certain elements in the living organism 
under the influence of or toward light.— pho- 
tox'y-lin, a pyroxylin from wood-pulp: used like 
celloidin. 

pho-tu'ria. The excretion or passage of urine 
which has a luminous appearance. [< <p(jg light 
-f- ovpov urine.] 

phrag'ma. A partition, especially the diaphragm. 

[ < (ppaaaeiv to enclose.] tphrag-mat'ic. 
Phragmid'iothrix. A genus of Chlamydobacteria'cece 
in which the sheath is very thin. The gonidia 
are formed by division in three planes, resem¬ 
bling Sarci'na. 

phra'sis. The utterance of words in connected se¬ 
quence. [< (ppdaiq speech.] 
phren. i. The diaphragm. 2. The mind. [< (ppi/v.] 
phre-nal'gi a. Painful depression of spirits; melan¬ 
cholia. [< mind-fdAyof pain.] 
phren-as-the'ni a. i . Feeblesmindedness, congenital 
or acquired; cerebral neurasthenia; cerebrasthenia. 
2. A paretic state of the diaphragm. [< 
mind, diaphragm -t- asthenia.] tphren-as-then'ic. 
phre-ne'si a, phre-ne'sis. Delirium; frenzy, 
net'ic. 

phren-i-at'ric. Relating to the treatment of mental 
disorders. [ < fpr/v mind -t- larptKoq relating to a 
physician.] 

phren'ic. i. Belonging to the diaphragm. P. arteries, 
arteries supplying the diaphragm: superior ones 
from the internal mammary; arteriae phrenicce 
superiores*, and an inferior from the abdominal 
aorta; A. phrenica inferior*. P. centre, the cen¬ 
tral tendon of the diaphragm. P. ganglion = dia¬ 
phragmatic GANGLION. P. gland, one of the lym¬ 
phatic glands in the lower portion of the anterior 
mediastinum, P. hernia=DiAPHRAGMATic hernia. 
P. nerve, the principal nerve of the diaphragm; 
N. phrenicus*. Given off from the cervical plexus, 
it passes across the scalenus anticus in front of the 
subclavian artery and the root of the lung between 
the pleura and the pericardium to the diaphragm. 
P. phenomenon, a phenomenon occurring in 
tetanus, marked by rhythmic spasm of the left 
side of the diaphragm. [IID/. ’06,] P. plexus, 
a branch of the solar plexus accompanying the in¬ 
ferior phrenic artery; plexus phrenicus*. P. veins, 
veins corresponding to the phrenic arteries and 


PHRERICA 


730 


PHTHISIO- 


emptying directly or indirectly into the inferior 
vena cava. They are Xh.e superior {Vv. phrenicae 
superiores*) and an inferior (V. phrenica infe¬ 
rior*). 2. Relating to the mind. 3. A medicine 
for a mental disorder. 

phren'i-ca. i. Medicines which affect the mental 
faculties. 2. Diseases affecting the intellect. [< 
<ppT/v diaphragm or parts adjacent to the heart 
(anciently considered the seat of the mind).] 
phren'i-co-. Relating to the diaphragm: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< (bp^v diaphragm.] phren'i-co=ab- 
dom'i-nal, relating to both diaphragm and abdo¬ 
men, as P. rami of the phrenic nerve.— phrend- 
co-col'ic, relating to the diaphragm and the colon, 
as P. ligament, a narrow fold of peritoneum which 
descends from the diaphragm below the spleen to 
the splenic flexure of the colon; costocolic liga¬ 
ment ; ligamentum phrenicocolicum*. — phrend- 
co-gas'tric, relating to the diaphragm and the 
stomach, as P. ligament, a short triangular fold of 
peritoneum which descends from the diaphragm 
on the left of the oesophagus to the fundus of the 
stomach.— phrend-co-he-pat'ic ganglion, a small 
ganglion on the lower surface of the right side of 
the diaphragm, derived from the phrenic plexus 
and giving off filaments to the diaphragm, supra¬ 
renal body, and liver.— phrend-co-sple'nic, relat¬ 
ing to the diaphragm and the spleen, as P. liga¬ 
ment, a short triangular fold of peritoneum de¬ 
scending from the diaphragm to the upper end of 
the spleen ; ligamentum phrenicolienale*. 
phren'ism. The power of mind over mind, 
phren-i-ti'a-sis. Phrenitis; acute delirium, 
phre-ni'tis. i. Acute idiopathic inflammation of the 
brain or its membranes; frenzy. 2. Inflamma¬ 
tion of the diaphragm, Paraphrenitis ; dia- 
PHRAGMATiTis. [< (bpTjv mind or diaphragm -|- 
-Iriq inflammation.] tP^re-nit'ic. 
phren'o-. Relating to the diaphragm or mind: a 
combining form, lar Phrenico-. [< (^p^v mind or 
diaphragm.] phren-o-blab'i a, disorder of mind.— 
phren-o-car'dia. phren-o-col'ic = phrenicocol- 
ic.— phren-o-co'lo-pex-y, fixation of colon to dia¬ 
phragm.— phren-o-cos'tal, both phrenic and cos¬ 
tal ; pertaining to the diaphragm and the ribs.— 
phren-o-gas'tric = phrenicogastric. — phren-o- 
glot'tic, relating to the diaphragm and the glottis. 



Phrenological Areas. —The numbers erroneously re¬ 
fer to various mental faculties and traits of character, 
as I, amativeness, 5, combativeness, and 33, language. 


—phren-o-glot'tism, spasm of the diaphragm coin¬ 
cident with spasm of the glottis.— phren'o-graph, 
an apparatus for recording the diaphragmatic 
movements. — phre-nog'ra-phy, the descriptive 


part of comparative psychology.— phren*o-he- 
pat'ic = phrenicohepatic. — phren-o-lep'si a, 
-lep'sy, insanity; seizure with madness.— phre- 
nol'o-gy. I. The theory that the faculties atid 
propensities of the mind occupy individually dis¬ 
tinct portions of the brain and that the pre¬ 
dominance of certain faculties is made known by 
changes in the skull over the areas in which they 
reside. 2. Phrenography and phrenonomy con¬ 
sidered together, fphren-o-log'i-cal. phre-nol'o- 
gist.—phren-o-mag'ne-tism, -mes'me-rism=MES- 
merophrenology. — phren’o-nar-co'sis, a dull 
or stupid state of mind. — phre-non'o-my, the 
science of the laws of the mind, considered as a 
development of comparative psychology.— phre- 
nop'a-thy, mental disease; psychosis, fphren-o- 
path'ic.—phren-o-ple'gi a, -pa-ral'y-sis. i. A 
sudden attack of mental disorder. 2. Paralysis 
of the diaphragm.— phren’o-pneu-mo-ni'tis, com¬ 
bined pneumonia and meningitis.— phre-nop'to- 
sis, downward displacement of the diaphragm.— 
phren-or-tho'sis = orthophrenia. — phre-no'sin, 
a nitrogenous substance, Cg^Hg^NOg, from brain- 
tissue.— phre-no'sis, a disease of the mental fac¬ 
ulties. — phren-o-splen'ic = phrenicosplenic. — 
phren-o-ther'a-py = psychi.4.tria. 
phren'zy. = Phrenitis. 

phri-cas'mus. = Horripilation ; a shuddering, 
phron-e-mo-pho'bi a. A morbid dread of or aversion 
to thought. [< (bpSvTjpa mind + -phobia.] 
phryn'in. A product from the dried skin and the 
glandular secretion of the toad, Bu'fo cine'reus or 
B. vir'idis; bufidin: action like that of digitalin, 
phry-nol'y-sin. A toxic substance from toads’ skin, 
phthalic acid (thal'tc). =Naphthalic acid, which 
when distilled forms phthal'ide, C8Hg02, a white 
crystalline substance, tphth^l'ate. 
phthal'in. A colorless crystalline substance from 
which phthal'e-in, used as a dye, is derived, 
phtharsis (thar'sts). Corruption or destruction, 
tphthar'tic. 

phthei-ri'a-sis. = Phthiriasis. 
phthinoid chest (thm'oid). A narrow, flat chest, 
with a depressed sternum and an acute costal 
angle, indicative of a deficient lung capacity and 
a tendency toward phthisis: first described by 
Hippocrates. [< (pHiveiv to waste-f-eMof form.] 
phthinoplasm (thtn'o-plazm). Disintegrated germi¬ 
nal matter, a material said to cause a form of 
degeneration in the tissue of the lungs, 
phthirsemia (tht-ri'mi-a). A corrupt or depraved 
state of the blood. 

phthiriasis (tht-rai'a-sts). Lousiness, as of the eye¬ 
lid (P. cilior'um) ; morbus pedicularis. ts- Pedic- 
ulation. [< (pde'ip louse.] 
phthi-ri-oph'a-gus. Subsisting on lice. 

Phthi'rius inguina'lis (pu'bis). ts?-P ediculus. 
phthisic (thtz'tc or tfz'tc). i. A popular name for 
a form of asthma or a disease resembling asthma, 
tphthis'i-cky. 2. Affected with phthisis, 
phthisical (thfz't-cal or ttz'i-cal). • Belonging to 
phthisis; consumptive. P. chest = phthinoid 
CHEST, phthis-i-co-ther'a-py = phthisiother- 

APY. 

phthisic- (thiz'io-). Relating to phthisis: a combin¬ 
ing form. [<.<pdlGig constimption.] phthis’io-gen'ic 
organism, an organism found by von Schron in 
the caseous matter of tuberculous lungs.— phthis- 
i-ol'o-gy, that branch of pathology which treats 
of consumption.— phthis'i o-pho'bi a, an insane 
or morbid dread of pulmonary consumption.—■ 
phthis'i o-ther'a-py, the treatment of phthisis. 





PHTHISIPNEUMONIA 


731 


PHYSALIS ALKEKENGI 


phthisipneumonia ('thtztp-niu-m6'ni-^). Pulmo¬ 
nary phthisis. 

phthisis (thai'sts or tai'sts). i. Any wasting away 
or consumption. Atrophy ; m.\rasmus ; tabes. 
P. bul'bi or P. of the eyeball, shrinking and wast¬ 
ing of the eyeball, usually following malignant 
internal inflammation. P. cor'neae, shrivelling 
and disappearance of the cornea, which is re¬ 
placed by a cicatrix formed from the prolapsed 
iris. P. pancreat'ica, a wasted condition associ¬ 
ated with pancreatic disease. P. ventric'uli, atro¬ 
phy of the mucous membrane of the stomach 
and intestine. 2. Pulmonary tuberculosis or con¬ 
sumption, a disease characterized by emaciation 
or progressive wasting of the body, persistent 
cough, with expectoration of opaque matter and 
sometimes of blood, loss of color and strength, 
hectic fever, night*sweats, and diarrhoea. There 
are well*marked pathological changes in the lungs, 
as the formation of consolidations in a granular 
or diffuse form, the diseased tissue ultimately 
undergoing softening and forming vomicae or 
cavities. Predisposing causes of this disease are 
heredity or family predisposition, acute fevers, 
sudden changes of weather, bad ventilation, 
dampness of soil, etc.; the active causative factor 
is the TUBERCLE BACILLUS {BacU'lus tuherculo'sis). 
*»■ Calmette’s reaction; nightssweat; open* 
AIR treatment; tuberculin; tuberculosis. 
P. calculo'sa, pulmonary phthisis in which dense, 
calcified, caseous masses of lung*substance are 
formed. P. flo'rida = galloping consumption. 
P. nodo'sa, pulmonary tuberculosis. P. phleg- 
matflca, tuberculous disease with no loss of flesh. 
P. re'num, tuberculous disease of the kidney. 
3. Any one of various interstitial pneumonias, 
especially one due to occupation, as Colliers', 
Flax^dressers', Grinders', Miners', or Stone-cutters' 
phthisis, Pneumonokoniosis. Varieties of 
phthisis other than those given below are Abdom¬ 
inal, Bacillar, Basic, Black (= anthracosis). 
Bronchial, Cerebral, Colliers' (= anthraco¬ 
sis), Diabetic, Embolic, Essential of the eye (= 
ophthalmomalacia). Fibroid, Flaxsdressers’, 
Galloping, Glandular, Grinders’, Hemor¬ 
rhagic, Laryngeal, Miners’, Mucous, Neu¬ 
rotic, Non<=bacillary, Pulmonary (= phthisis, 
def. 2.),Rheumatic, Senile, StonesCUtters’, and 
Tuberculous. [Gr. <pBiatc, fr. fhieiv to consume.] 
phthisuria (thts-ifl'ri ?i). A wasting condition due 
to kidney disease. 

phthoe (thd'i). Ulceration of the lungs, 
phthongo- (thong'go-). Relating to sound or voice: 
a combining form. [< (j) 66 yyog sound or voice.] 
phthon*go-dys-pho'ri a, morbid intolerance of 
sound. — phthon-gom'e-ter, an instrument for 
measuring the power of vocal sounds, 
phy-cin'ic acid. A white, crystalline substance from 
the alga Protococ'cus vulga'ris. 
phy'cite. =Erythrite. seaweed.] 

phy'co-chrome. The bluish^green color of Al'gcB, 
made up of phy-co-cy'a-nin and chlorophyl. 
phy-gan-thro'pi a. Morbid shunning of mankind, 
phy-gan'trus. A skull in which the vertical line let 
fall upon the radius fixus from most prominent 
part of torus frontalis lies 6 to 10 mm. behind 
that from nasion. [ < (j>evyeiv to flee + avTpov cave.] 
phygo-. Denoting checking or avoidance: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< ^cvyeiv to flee.] phygo-ga-lac'tic, 
tending to check the secretion of milk.— phygo- 
me-to'pus, a skull in which a line from the bregma 
to the nasal point makes an angle of from 8° to 


33-5° with the radius fixus.— phy-go-pis'thi us, a 
skull in which a line through the lambda and the 
inion makes an angle of from 106° to 127° with 
the radius fixus.— phygo-pro-so'pus, a skull in 
which a line from the nasion to the alveolar point 
makes an angle of from 38° to 66.5° with the 
radius fixus.— phy-gor-rhi'nus, a skull in which a 
line from the nasion to the subnasal point is in¬ 
clined from 36° to 66.5° to the radius fixus. 
phy-lax'in. A defensive proteid found in animals 
which have been rendered artificially immune to 
any disease. There are two forms: the Myco- 
phylaxins, which act by destroying the micro* 
organisms of the disease, and the Toxophylaxins, 
which destroy the toxic products of the micro* 
organisms. [< (pvTia^ guard.] 

Phyllan'thus. A genus of East Indian trees. P. 
em'blica supplies myrobalan and has seeds used 
in nausea and fevers. P. niu'ri (of Java) fur¬ 
nishes phyl-lan'thin, CggHg^Og, a poisonous, crys¬ 
talline principle. 

phyl'le-rine. An alkaloid substance obtained from 
Phylle'ria (or Philly'ria) latifo'lia. 
phyl-ler'y-thrine. = Phyllo*erythrine. 
phyl'lis ama'ra. Bitter almond bran, 
phyl-lo-cy'a-min. The blue pigment of flowers, 
phyl-loser'y-thrine. The red coloring matter of 
plants. [< <pv?iAov leaf -f epvdpog red.] 
phylloi'des. Having the shape of a leaf. [L.] 
phyl-los'te-o-phy'ton. A growth containing bony 
laminae. ^Osteophyma. ' 

Phyllox'era. A genus of aphidian insects. P. vas- 
ta'trix causes a peculiar disease in the vine plant, 
phyl'ly-rin. An antipyretic, C24H340jj. 
phy-lo-gen'e-sis, phy-log'e-ny. The development of 
organisms from their simplest to their most com¬ 
plex form. C 5 * Ontogenesis. [< (I>v?.ov tribe-f 
yeveaig generation.] tphylo-ge-net'ic, compara¬ 
tive. phylo-ge-net'i-cal-ly. 
phy'ma, pi. phym'ata. i. A tubercle on any exter¬ 
nal part of the body. 2. A genus of cutaneous 
diseases. 3. A suppurating tumor; tubercle. 4. 
A firm tumor covered with epidermis due to ex¬ 
travasation or new growths in the corium and 
sub*cutaneous connective tissue. [< (pveiv to 
grow.] tphy-mat'ic; phy'ma-toid, resembling a 
tumor; resembling tubercle : applied to morbid 
tissues. 

phy-ma'tion. A tubercle. [Gr.] fphy-ma-ti-o'sis, 

tuberculosis. 

phyma-to-rhu'sin. A darksbrown pigment in the 
hair and in certain melanotic tumors. [<, <pvpa 
growth -)- pveaOai to draw out.] 
phy-ma-to'sis. The progress of tuberculous disease, 
phy'mi-dol. A dental anaesthetic said to contain 
cocaine. 

phy'sa-gogue. A carminative; a medicine against 
flatulency. [< (pvaa flatus + ayuyog conducting.] 
phys'a-lide. The vesicular chorionic tuft of a ve¬ 
sicular mole. 

phys'a-lin. tsr Physalis alkekengi. 
phy-sal'i-phore. A cell containing vesicles; seen in 
endogenous celLformation. [< <pvaa 7 Mg bladder 
-H (popeiv to carry.] fphys-a-liph'o-rous. 
phys'a-lis, pi. physal'ides. One of the vesicles or 
broodscavities found in physaliphores: applied in 
the plural to the large broodscells of some ma¬ 
lignant growths. I < (bvcaXktg bladder.] 

Phys'alis alkeken'gi. The winterscherry or straw¬ 
berry tomato of Europe. It bears an cflible red 
berry which contains phys'a-lin, Cj^HjgOg, a bitter 
principle: used as a diuretic and aperient. 



PHYSALLI2ATI0N 


732 


PHYSIS 


phys'al-li-za'tion. The formation of a lasting froth 
when a liquid, particularly an albuminous one, is 
shaken together with a gas. [ < ^voaXkiq bubble.] 

Physalop'tera caucas'ica. A rare nematode para¬ 
site of man. 

phy-sasth^ma. Asthma combined with emphysema, 
phys^ca. A blister on the hand. [Gr.] 
phys-co'ni a. Enlargement of the abdomen, marked 
by a tumor occupying one part of it, of slow 
growth, and neither sonorous nor fluctuating. 
t»-O besity. [< ^i»(T/c6jv big*bellied.] 

Physe'ter macroceph^alus. The spermaceti whale, 
phy-se-tol'e-ic acid. A crystalline compound, CjgHgQ- 
Oj, from sperm oil: isomeric with hypog.«ic acid. 
phys-i-an'thro-py. The science of the human con¬ 
stitution. [< (pvGig nature + avdp(i)Trog man.] 
phys-i-at'rics. i. The doctrine or science which 
treats of the healing powers of nature. 2. Phys¬ 
iotherapy. [a (pvaig nature + larpela medical 
treatment, tpbys-i-at'ri-cal. 
phys'ic. I. The science of medicine and of the 
medicines employed in the cure of diseases. 2. 
A cathartic medicine. 3. To administer a cathar¬ 
tic: to purge. P. nut = jATROPHA curcas. P. 
root = Leptandra*. [< (pvaiKdg natural.] 
phys'i-cal. Belonging to nature; corporeal. P. 
diagnosis, diagnosis made by physical examina¬ 
tion, as auscultation, percussion, etc. P. educa¬ 
tion, the education or training of the body by 
means of gymnastic exercise, athletic games, 
rowing, swimming, riding, fencing, etc. P. ex¬ 
amination, examination of the body of a person 
to ascertain the condition of the body in general 
or any of its parts. P. isomerism, isomerism. 
P. sign or symptom, any sign or symptom of dis¬ 
ease or health elicited by examination of the 
body. P. solution, i*- solution. [ < (pvcig nature.] 
tphys'i-cal-ist, one who holds that the physical 
nature dominates the mental and moral nature, 
phy -si'cian. A doctor of medicine or physic ; one 

who has received a degree in medicine from an 
incorporated institution and then been author¬ 
ized by the state to practise medicine, Medi¬ 
cine. 

phys'i-cum. A preliminary examination in Ger¬ 
many leading up to a doctor’s degree. ^Can- 
DIDAT. [L.] 

Phys'ick’s bitter tincture of iron. A preparation of 
iron filings, gentian, ginger, orange peel, and old 
cider. P.’s operation, removal of a circular piece 
of the iris. P.’s encysted rectum or preternatural 
pouches of the rectum, a disease marked by 
hypertrophy and inflammation of the natural rec¬ 
tal sacs, and attended with burning pains in the 
affected parts and by increased mucous secretion. 
It occurs in persons of advanced age. 
phys'i-co-chem'ic. Relating to both physics and 
chemistry. 

phys*i-co-ther'a-py. = Physiotherapy. 
phys’ics. In its most extensive signification, that 
science which treats of the nature, laws, etc., of 
the entire material universe, tpbys'i-cist. 
phy-si-no'sis. Any disease due to physical agencies, 
phys'io-. Relating to nature or physiology; nat¬ 
ural: a combining form. [< nature.] phys- 
i-og'c-ny. i. The production of things by na¬ 
ture. 2. The natural development of functions. 
— phys-i-ol'o-gism = accidentalism. — phys-i- 
ol'y-sis, natural decomposition. — phys-i-o'ma, 
pi. -om'ata, personal idiosyncrasy.— phys*i-o-med'- 
i-cal-ism = physiotherapy. tP^ys'i-o-med'i-cal- 
ist.- phys-i-on'o-my, the science of the laws 


of nature.— phys-i-o-no'sos, an affection caused 
by physical agents.— phys-i-o'no-type, an instru¬ 
ment for tracing the characteristics of a face upon 
paper.— phys’i-o-pa-thol'o-gy , the science of func¬ 
tion in disease or as modified by it. fphys'i-o- 
path-o-log'i-cal. — phys*i-o-psy-chol'o-gy. [H L. 
j. ’07.]—phys’i-o-ther'a-py. i. Expectancy in 
the treatment of disease. 2. The treatment of 
disease by natural agents, as air, light, electricity, 
climate, etc.; physiomedicalism; physicotherapy. 

phys-i-og'no-my. i. The art of judging character 
by examining the features of the countenance. 
2. The countenance itself. 3. In medicine, the 
symptoms learned by observing the countenance, 
expression, and movements of a patient. [< 
(pvGLoyvupovelv to judge of a man by his features.] 
tphys-i-og'no-mist, phys-i-og-no-mon'ics. 

phys'i-o-log'i-cal. Belonging to physiology. P. al¬ 
buminuria = cyclic ALBUMINURIA. P. anatomy, 
ANATOMY. P. antidote, an antidote that acts 
neither chemically nor mechanically. It is in some 
cases a counter*poison. P. atrophy, atrophy of 
the fetal organs which have become no longer of 
service to the organism. P. chemistry, the chem¬ 
istry of the bodily organs and their secretions and 
excretions. P. congestion, ^ congestion. P. 
cup, an exaggeration of the normal depression at 
the centre of the disk of the retina, known as the 
vesicular funnel. P. diplopia, diplopia. P. 
doctrine = Broussaisism. P. equilibrium, that 
condition in which the amount of matter absorbed 
into the body just equals the amount excreted, so 
that the body neither gains nor loses weight. P. 
excavation of the optic disk, excavation of 
the optic nerve. P. hypertrophy, ^hypertro¬ 
phy. *P. incompatible, INCOMPATIBLE. P. lobes, 
the lobes of the brain when it is subdivided with 
regard to its functional development. These lobes 
are distinguished as higher psychical, motor, sen¬ 
sory, visual, auditory, olfactory, and gustatory, ac¬ 
cording to the function over which they preside. 
P. medicine, medicine considered in its effects 
upon physiological functions. P. rheoscope, &■ 
rheoscope. P. salt solution = normal salt 
SOLUTION. P. serum, sodium chloride, 8.5 Gm., 
in 1000 Cc. of sterilized water. P. test, trial upon 
lower animals of a substance, as a poison, for 
observation of its physiological action. 

phys-i-ol'o-gy. The doctrine of vital phenomena, 
or the science of the functions of living bodies. 
It is divided, according to the two great classes of 
organized beings, into Animal and Vegetable phys¬ 
iology. Animal physiology is by some writers 
divided into several branches, as the physiology 
of the vascular, nervous, muscular, glandular, etc., 
systems. Comparative p. ; physiological. 
General p., that branch of physiology which regards 
the general laws of life. Morbid p. = physiopa- 
THOLOGY. Special p., that branch of physiology 
which treats of the nature and functions of par¬ 
ticular organs, as of the heart, the lungs, the liver, 
the kidneys, etc. [< <j)VGig nature Myog dis¬ 
course.] tphys-i-o-log'i-co-, a combining form, 
as in P.^anatomical {histological), relating t^ 
physiology and anatomy (histology), phys-i-ol'- 
o-gist. 

phys-i-o'sis. Flatulent distention of the abdomen. 
[< ( j > vG'uoGig a puffing up.] 

physique (ft-zic'). Natural constitution; corporeal 
form; personal endowments; the physical or ex¬ 
terior part of a person. [F.] 

phy'sis. An old term for the vital principle. [Gr.] 


PHYSO- 


733 


PIAZZA’S FLUID 


phy'so-. Denoting wind or air: a combining form. 

Pneumo*. [< (pvca air.] phy'so-cele, a hernial 
sac that is filled with gas. — phy-so-ceph'a-lus, 
gaseous swelling of the scalp. ^Pneumatocele. 

— phy-so-coe'li a, wind in the bowels; tympanites. 

— phy-so-col'ic, flatulent colic.— physo-haem-a- 
to-me'tra, the presence (or a collection) of gas and 
blood within the womb.— physo-hy-dro-me'tra, 
the presence (or an accumulation) of gas (or air) 
and serum, or other watery fluids, in the uterus. 

— phy-so-me'tra, the presence (or a collection) of 
air or gas within the womb.— phy-son'cus, a 
tumor, or swelling, containing air or gas.— phy- 
so-py-o-sal'pinx, pyosalpinx with gas production. 
— phy-sos'che-o-cele, a collection of gas or air in 
the scrotum.— phy'so-spasm, phy-so-spas'mus, 
wind colic; spasmodic colic with flatulence.— 
phy-so-tho'rax, air in the thorax. 

phy-so-stig'ma*. The ripe seed of Physostig'ma 
veneno'sum Balfour (Fam. Leguminosce), a climb¬ 
ing plant of West Africa; calabar bean; ordeal 
nut. It yields when assayed by the U. S. P. proc¬ 
ess, not less than 0.15% of alkaloids, as physo- 
STIGMINE, CALABARINE, ESERIDINE, etC. DoSe, O.I 
Gm. (i^ grs.). i^Tinctura physostigmatis*. 
phy-so-stig'ma-tine. = Physostigmine. [Hb. ’09.] 
phy-so-stig-mi'na, gen.-nee. = Physostigmine. 
physostigmi'nae salicy'las*. Physostigmine or es- 
erine salicylate. Dose, 0.001 Gm. gr.). P. 
sul'phas*, physostigmine or eserine sulphate. 
Dose, 0.001 Gm. (^^5^ gr.). 

phy-so-stig'mine. The chief alkaloid, C^HjiNgOj, 
from physostigma; eserine. It is a colorless, solid 
substance, soluble in alcohol, ether, benzol, and 
chloroform, and very poisonous. It is used as an 
antispasmodic, motor depressant, anti neuralgic, 
antitetanic, spinal depressant, mysic, and antidote 
to belladonna and atropine; causes contraction of 
the pupil in mydriasis, etc. Recently, it has been 
recommended in intestinal paresis after opera¬ 
tion in order to aid in evacuating gas per rectum. 
In toxic doses it produces epigastric uneasiness, 
feeble and irregular heart action, great feebleness, 
salivation, giddiness, and dimness of vision. Ther¬ 
apeutically it is employed chiefly in the form of 
its salts, especially the salicylate and sulphate, but 
also the borate, hydrobromate, sulphite, and tar¬ 
trate. Dose, 0.001 Gm. gr.)', also applied in 
0.2 to 0.5% solution as eye^drop. tphy-so-stig'- 
min-ism, physostigmine poisoning, 
phytalbumose (fai-tal'biu-m6s). A soluble proteose 
found in cereals. [< (pvrov plant -}-albumose.] 
-phyte. A plant; figuratively, a growth; as in 
thallophyte, osteophyte, f-phytic. 
phy'ti-form. Having the appearance of a vegetable 
organism 

phy'tin. A nutrient containing phosphorus: from 
the seeds of plants. 

phy-tiph'a-gous, phy-tiv'o-rous. = Herbivorous. 
phy'to-. Relating to plants: a combining form. 
[<Pp76p plant.] phyto-be-zoar' = trichobezoar. 

— phyto-bi-ol'o-gy, the biology of plants.— phy'- 
to-blast, the living protoplasm of a cell.— phy-to- 
chem'is-try, vegetable chemistr)’’.— phy-to-gen'e- 
sis, the development or production of plants, 
tphyto-ge-net'ic; phy-to-gen'ic. phy-tog'e-nous, 
developed from plants.— Phy-to-lac'ca*, gen. 
-lac'cce. I. A genus of plants, mostly herbs, com¬ 
prising many species, natives of China, Africa, 
Mexico, the United States, etc. 2. The U. S. P. 
name for phytolacca radix (pokeroot) of the 1890 
U. S. P., it being the dried root of P. decan'dra 


collected in the autumn. It is used as an emetic, 
purgative, and alterative.. Emetic dose, i Gm, 
(15 grs.): alterative dose 0.125 Gm, (2 grs.). 

Fluidextractum PHYTOLACCiE*. From it arc 
obtained phy-to-lac'cic acid, a form of oxalic acid 
and phy-to-lac'cin, a precipitate from the tincture 
Dose, 0.065 to 2 Gm. (i to 3 grs.). P. acino’sa, g 
species of Japan from which is obtained phyto- 
lac-co-tox'in, an amorphous resinous substance, 
used as a spinal convulsant. P. decandra, the 
common poke or garget of the United States, 
Phytolacca, def. 2. Phy-to-lac'cae fruc'tus, the 
1890 U. S. P. name for pokeberry, it being the 
fruit of P. decan'dra. It is cathartic, emetic, and 
alterative. Dose, 0.3 to 2 Gm. (5 to 30 grs.). Phy- 
to-lac'cae ra'dix,the 1890 U. S. P. name for phyto¬ 
lacca, def. 2.— phy-to'lin, a proprietary anti*fat 
remedy from pokeberries.— phy-to-mel'in = ru¬ 
tin. — phy to-men-tag'ra = sycosis. — Pbytom'- 
onas, a generic name given by Major Donovan 
(1909) to flagellates parasitic in the latex of plants, 
phy-ton'o-my, the laws of vegetable life.— phy-to- 
par'a-site, a vegetable parasitic growth, fpbyto- 
par-a-sit'ic. — phyto-path-o-gen'ic, producing 
disease in plants.— phyto-pa-thol'o-gy. i. The 
pathology of plants. 2. The science or study of 
morbid conditions induced by plant growths.— 
phy-toph'a-gous, subsisting or living on vegetable 
substances; herbivorous.— phy-toph'o-ra. [H C6. 
/. Bakt. ’05.]— phy-to-pre-cip'i-tin, a precipitin 
resulting from immunization with albuminous 
substances of vegetable origin. J. A. M. A. ]. 
’05.] — phyto-phys-i-ol'o-gy, vegetable physi¬ 
ology.— phy'to-plasm, vegetable protoplasm.— 
phy-to'sis, a morbid condition supposed to result 
from a plant»formation on the skin. P. circina'ta, 
a form of ringworm. P. favo'sa = favus. — phy- 
to-ste'a-rin, a fatty substance, similar to stearin, 
found in the seeds and sprouts of plants.— phy- 
tot'o-my, vegetable anatomy, tphy-tot'o-mist. 

Anatomist. — phy-to-tox'in. Biochem. Cb.] 

— phy-tox'y-lin, a substance similar to pyroxy¬ 
lin: used in the preparation of celloidin»sections. 

— phy-to-zo'dn = zoophyte. 

pi angle. The angle included between the radius 
Fixus and a line joining the hormion and the 

ALVEOLAR POINT. 

pi'a. The plant Tac'ca pinnatij'ida or T. macula'ta, 
the tubers of which yield an arrow*root used in 
dysentery and diarrhoea. 

pi'a, pi'a ma'ter. The most internal and vascular of 
the three membranes of the brain {Cerebral p. or 
pia mater encephali*) and the spinal cord {Spinal 
p. or pia mater spinalis*) ; meninx interior or vas- 
culosa. [L., “tender mother.”] al, as P. sheath, 
the extension of the pia mater which partially 
surrounds the optic nerve, pi'a ma'tral. 

pi’asa-rach-ni'tis. = Leptomeningitis. 

pi'a-lyn. =Steapsin. 

pian (pai'an). The yaws; framboesia. P. of N^rac, 
a disease resembling herpes, believed to be of a 
syphilitic nature. [F.] 

pi-an'ists* cramp. Spasm of the muscles of the hand 
from continued piano»playing. cw Occupation 

DISEASE. 

pi-an'tic. Promoting fatness. [< TTiavTiKdc,] 

pi-a-rach'noid. The pia and arachnoid together. 

pi’a-ro-lyt'ic. Dissolving fat, 

pi-ar-rhae'mi a. The presence of fat in the blood. 

Piaz'za’s fluid. A blood*coagulator consisting of 
sodium chloride and ferric chloride, each i Gm. 
(15 grs.) and water 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). 


PICA 


734 


PIGMENT 


pi'ca. Depraved appetite or desire for unnatural 
food, especially inedible substances, common in 
chlorosis, hysteria, pregnancy, etc. cf-M.\lacia; 
PAROREXIA. [L.] 

pic'ac. =Euphorbi.\ corollata. 
pi'ca-cism, pi-ca-cis'mus. Depilation with pitch 
plaster. 

pic^a-mar. An oily liquid distilled from wood=tar. 
Pic'ar-dy sweat. A form of miliary fever. 

Pi'cea. A genus of coniferous trees; the spruces. 

[< L. pix pitch, fr. TriTTa or n'laaa pitchstree.] 
pi'cein. A glucoside, Cj^HjgO^.HgO, from Norway 
spruce needles. By the action of emulsin it is 
decomposed into pi'ce ol. 

pi' cene. A solid hydrocarbon, €^2^14, obtained by 
the distillation of coabtar and petroleum, 
pi'ce ous, pi'ce us. Pertaining to pitch or tar. 
pi'chi. The leaves, branches, and wood of Fabia'na 
imhrica'ta of Chile and Peru: used as an antica¬ 
thartic, diuretic, specific in cystitis, against renal 
and vesical calculi, etc. Dose, 4 Gm. (60 grs.). 
pi-chu-rim' beans. The cotyledons of the seeds of 
• Nectan'dra Puchury', a tree of South America: 

used as aromatics. i^Nectandra. 

Pick’s disease. Pseudocirrhosis of the liver, as a 
complication of adhesive pericarditis. P.’s lini¬ 
ment, a preparation used in the dry forms of ec¬ 
zema, containing gum tragacanth, 75 grs.; water, 
254 fl. drs.; and glycerin, 30 mins, 
pic-nom'e-ter. = Pycnometer. 
pic'a-line. A colorless liquid base, CgH^N, found in 
coabtar oil and Dippel’s animal oil; odorine; me- 
thylpyridine; alphapicoline: used as a nerve^sed- 
ative. When it is oxidized with potassium per¬ 
manganate pic-o-lin'ic acid is formed, 
picotement (pi-c6t-moh). A pricking sensation; 
formication. [F.] 

pic-ra-con'i-tine. A crystalline alkaloid, C3jH45NOjg, 
from Aconi'tum napel'lus or A. panicula'ium, 
which when heated with water forms, along with 
benzoic acid, pic-rac'o-nine, an amorphous alka¬ 
loid, C24H4^NOg. 

Picrae'na. A genus of West Indian simarubaceous 
trees. P. excel'sa supplies Jamaica quassia; the 
bark of P. vello'zii, a Brazilian species, is used in 
intermittents and in dyspepsia, 
pic-ram'ic acid. A monobasic acid, CgH^NgO.. 
Picram'nia. A genus of simarubaceous trees. P, 
pentan'dra supplies cascara amarga, from which 
the alkaloid pic-ram'nine is obtained, 
pic-ra-nis'ic acid. = Picric acid. 

Picras'ma. A genus of simarubaceous trees, natives 
of China, Java, Brazil, and Jamaica. P. excel'sa 
produces the bitter wood quassia*. JpGcras'- 
min = QUASSiNE. 

pic'ra-tol. An antiseptic silver compound contain¬ 
ing 30% silver; silver trinitrophenolate: used in 
gonorrhoea. 

pic'ric acid. An acid, CgHgNgOy, obtained by the 
action of nitric acid on indigo, carbolic acid, etc.; 
carbazotic acid; nitrophenisic acid; picronitric 
acid; trinitrophenol. It occurs in yellow crystals 
soluble in water and alcohol. It is poisonous and 
some of its salts are violently explosive. It is 
used as a dye, in the manufacture of explosives, 
in histology, as a test for albumin, glucose, 
semen, etc., as an application to burns, as an 
antiseptic and oxidizant, and internally in mala¬ 
ria, trichiniasis, etc. Dose, 0.03 to 0.12 Gm. 
ih 1^0 2 grs.), [< TTiKpoq bitter.] Jpic'rate. 
pic'rin, pic'rine. A bitter substance from Digita'lis 
furpu'rea and §aid to be the same as digitalin. 


pic'ro-. Denoting bitterness or relation to or deri¬ 
vation from picric acid: a combining form, [< 
TciKpog bitter.] picTOsa-do'ni-din, an amorphous, 
bitter glucoside, the active principle of Ado'nis 
vcrna'lis. — piq-ro-an'i-line, a mixture of saturated 
solutions of picric acid and aniline blue: used as 
histological stains. — pic-ro-car'min, picric acid 
combined with carmin: used as a histological 
stain.— pic-ro-cro'cin, a bitter glucoside from saf¬ 
fron.— pic-ro-for'mal, a fixing agent of picric 
acid, in saturated solution, and formol, in 6% 
aqueous solution.— pic-ro-gly'ci on, a bitter crys¬ 
talline substance from Sola'num dulcama'ra. —pic'- 
rol, a white crystalline antiseptic powder contain¬ 
ing 52.8% of iodine: used as a substitute for 
iodoform.— pic-ro-lith‘i umscar'min, a staining 
solution for microscopical objects, consisting of 
100 Cc. of an aqueous solution of lithium car¬ 
bonate, 5 Gm. of carmin, and 2 Cc. of an aqueous 
solution of picric acid. — pic-rol'o-nate. [Tf I. M. 
’05.]— pic'ro-mel, a substance having a bitter and 
sweetish taste; the characteristic principle of 
bile.— picTO-ni-gro'sin, an alcoholic stsdn oi pic¬ 
ric acid and nigrosin. — picTO-pod-o-phyl'lin, a 
bitter crystalline principle from Podophyl'lum 
pelia'ium. — pic-ro-py'rin, a combination of picric 
acid with antipyrine.— Picrorhi'za kuer'va, a per¬ 
ennial herb of the Himalaya Mountains; teeta. 
The root is very bitter and used as a tonic and 
febrifuge by the Hindoos.— picTO-roc-cel'lin, a 
crystalline substance, C27H2gN305, from Roccel'la 
tincto'ria. — picTO-sac-cha-rom'e-ter, an instru¬ 
ment used in the estimation of diabetic sugar.— 
pic-ro-scle'ro-tine, ergota*.— pic-ro-tox'in,the 

poisonous principle, C3()H340j3, of Coc'culus in'dicus 
or fishberry; cocculin. It is used as a nervine, 
antispasmodic, in night*sweats of phthisis, in dys- 
menorrhoea, etc. Subcutaneous dose, 0.0006 to 

O. 002 Gm. to gr.). When decomposed with 

benzene pic'ro-tin, Cj^HjgOy, is formed. 

tox'ic. pic-ro-tox'in-ism.— pic*ro-tox-i'num, the 
1890 U. S. P. name for picrotoxin. 

Pictet’s liquid (pic-tez). A mixture of carbon diox¬ 
ide and sulphurous acid gas liquefied under press¬ 
ure. It resumes the gaseous state when set free 
and is inhaled by phthisical patients, 
pie'bald iris. An iris which has dark spots on a 
light background. P. skin, vitiligo. 
pied negro. A negro who has patches of white skin. 

P. skin, the skin of leucoderma. 

pi-e'dra. A disease of the hair in which hard nod¬ 
ules are formed on the shafts of the hairs: due 
to Trichospo'runt gigan'teum. [Sp.] tpi"®^dric, as 
P. nodes. 

Pieracci'ni’s sign. [TJZ. M. '03.] 
piers of the foot. The anterior and posterior sup¬ 
ports of the arch of the foot, 
pi-e'sis. Pressure, Hyperpiesis. [Gr.] 
pi-e-som'e-ter, -se-om'e-ter, -sim'e-ter. = Bar^s- 
thesiometer. [< 7 rt£CTif a pressing-(-//erpov meas¬ 
ure.] 

pig'back kidney. The large congested kidney seen 
in alcoholics. 

pig'eonsbreast. =Chicken*breast. P.stoed, hav¬ 
ing the toes turned inward, 
pig'ment. i. Any dye or paint. 2. The normal 
coloring matter of the organs and fluids of the 
body. 3. {In malaria.) The transformed haemo¬ 
globin or “ melanin,” the brown granules of which 
are seen in fresh specimens; never the chromatin 
granules. [^E. ’07.] Pigments are termed Ex- 
tranepu?, if they enter the body from witbotat; 


PIGMENTATION 


735 


PILOCARPINA 


Hcematogenous, when derived from the blood, and 
Metabolic, when produced like melanin by the 
metabolic activity of cells. P.scell, a modified 
form of cell (usually connective tissue or epithe¬ 
lial in nature) containing aggregations of pigment^ 
granules. P.sgranule, a minute mass of pigment. 
P.sliver, a liver colored with pigment, as in mel- 
anaemia, malarial fever, pernicious anaemia, etc. 
[< L. pigmen'tum, fr. pin'gere, to paint.] 
men-tal, pig'men-ta-ry, pig-men'ted, as P. atro¬ 
phy, atrophy of adipose tissue attended with pig¬ 
mentation of the fat*cells: P. degeneration, de¬ 
generation in which the cells of the tissue become 
abnormally pigrhented: P. epithelium, epithelium 
the cells of which are tinted brown or black, due 
to the invasion of melafnin or other colored sub¬ 
stances: P . infiltration or induration, a deposit of 
granules of pigment in any tissue of the body: 
P. layer, the external layer of the retina: P. mole 
= N^vus PiGMENTOsus: P. ticBvus, a superficial 
discoloration involving no structural changes: P. 
syphilide, c^syphilide. 

pig-men-ta'tion. The formation or deposition of 
pigment. Morbid p., a morbid process consisting 
in the deposition of coloring matter in situations 
where it does not normally occur, or in excess in 
usual localities. The abnormal deposition of pig¬ 
ment may take the form of a uniform staining of 
the tissues, as in jaundice,- or it may occur in 
patches, as in chloasma. 

pig-men-to-der'mi a, pig-men-to'sis. A disease of 
the skin, as chloasma icterus, marked by discol¬ 
oration ; chromatodermatosis, 
pig-men'to-phage. A phagocyte destroying the col¬ 
oring matter of hairs. 

pig-men'tum ni'grum. A black or dark pigment 
which covers the internal surface of the choroid 
membrane of the eye. [L.] 

Pig'net’s coefficient. Caduc^e, ’05.] 
pi-i'tis. Inflammation of the pia mater, 
pik'ro-. = P1CR0-. 

pil. Abbr. for L. pil'ula or pil'ulce, pill or pills. 
piTa. A ball. P. dama'rum = ^gagropilus. [L.] 
piTar muscles. The arrectores pilorum. 
pila're maTum. Hair disease. r^TpicHosis. 
pi'la-ry. Pertaining to the hair. [< L. pila'ris.] 
pi-las'ter. A flange, or superfluous ridge, or en¬ 
larged fluting. tpi“l^s'tered, as P. femur, one in 
which the concavity of the shaft is deepened and 
the linea aspera very prominent, 
pile. I The hair of any part of the integument 
considered collectively. [< h.pi'lus hair.] 2. A 
HEMORRHOID. PiLES. 3. An electrical battery, 
there being thermo-electric and voltaic varieties. 
[M. E., a “heap.”] tpi'l®ous. 
piles, pi. of PILE, def. 2. A disease of the veins 
at the extremity of the rectum, around the 
anus, in which they assume a knotted or vari¬ 
cose, and often inflamed, condition; hemor¬ 
rhoids. 

pil'e us, pilTeus. I. An instrument used by women 
to protect the nipple while nursing. 2. A caul. 
[< ttZ^oc felt cap.] 

pi'li*. The pi. of L. pi'lus, hair. P. cibo'tii = 
PENGAWAR DjAMBi. [T[ Gt. ’oQ.] P. congen'iti, 
“congenital hairs,” the hair of the head, eye¬ 
brows, and eyelids, because it exists at birth. P. 
postgeniti, “ postgenital hairs,” that hair which 
grows on certain parts after birth, as at puberty. 
piTia-ry. =Pilary. 
pi-lif'e-rous cyst. = Dermoid cyst. 
pil'i-form. Shaped like a hair. 


pi-lig'a-nine. A lightsyellow, poisonous, amorphous 
alkaloid, Cj.H 24 N 20 , from Lycopo'dium saussu'rus 
of South America: used as an emetic, antispas- 
modic, and cathartic. 

pi-li-mic'ti a, pi-li-mic'tion. The presence of hair in 
the bladder or excretion of hair in the urine: prob¬ 
ably due to the opening of dermoid cysts into the 
bladder. Trichiasis. [< pi'lus hair + min'- 
gere to make water.] 

pi'line. A cloth of sponge and wool felted together 
to form an even and soft fabric, and rendered 
water=proof by a coating of caoutchouc: used as 
a substitute for poultices and fomentation=eloths. 
[< L. pi'lus hair.] 

pill. A small round, oval, or ovoid mass containing 
one or more medicinal substances, weighing not 
less than 0.06 Gm. (i gr.), nor more than 0.5 Gm. 
(8 grs.) and intended to be swallowed whole; 
PILULA. Similar masses weighing between 0.06 
Gm. (i gr.) and 0.02 Gm. gr.) are known as 
granules and those below the latter as parvules. 
Specially named varieties of pills are A. B. s., 
Blancard's ( = pilul.e ferri iodidi*), Blaud's 
(= PILULE ferri carbonatis*). Blue (=pilul.e 
hydrargyri). Chapman’s dinner. Compound ca¬ 
thartic (=PILUL.E CATHARTICiE COMPOSIT.E*), DIN¬ 
NER*, Enteric, ( = pilule antineural- 

GIC.E), Lady Webster _ _ 


(= PILULE ALOES ET 
MASTICHES*), NiE- 

meyer’s. Nitroglyc¬ 
erin, Vegetable ca¬ 
thartic ( = PILUL.E 
CATHARTICS VEGE- 
TABiLES*), Warburg’s 
(=PILULS ANTIPE- 
RioDics). P.sma- 
chine,thenameof va¬ 
rious machines used 
in making pills. P.s 
mass, the mass, con¬ 
sisting of the medici¬ 
nal ingredients and 







I'i'i 



Pill Tile. (Remington.) 


the excipient, from which pills are made. P.stile, 
a tile or plate on which the materials for making 
pills are massed and rolled out to a given length 
of a scale before being divided. 
piTlar. In anatomy, any columnar structure, as of 
the fauces, the diaphragm, the external abdom¬ 
inal ring, or the fornix; columna*. Ps. of Corti 
= CoRTi’s PILLARS. Ps. of the diaphragm = crura 
OF THE DIAPHRAGM. Ps. of the external abdom¬ 
inal ring, the bundles of aponeurotic fibres on 
either side of the external abdominal ring, the 
internal fastened to the anterior .surface of the 
symphysis pubis, the external to the spine of the 
pubis along with Poupart’s ligament. Ps. of the 
fauces = PALATINE ARCHES. Ps. of the foot = 
PIERS OF THE FOOT. Ps. of the fomix, continua¬ 
tions of the fomix downward toward the base of 
the brain; columnce fornicis*. Ps. of the palate = 
PALATINE ARCHES. Ps. of Uskow, two embryonic 
folds attached to the dorsolateral portion of the 
bodyswall from which the diaphragm is developed, 
piTlet. A little pill, 

piPli-o-cau'si a. A modern name (of uncertain ety* 
mology) for the old composition called Hiera picra, 
or holy bitter: vulgarly rendered “ Pillicoshy ” 
[For pilula cochice.] 

pi-lo-car'pi-dine. A syrupy alkaloid, 
from PILOCARPUS*. 

pi-lo-car-pi'na, gen.-nc^. = Pilocarpine. [L,] 















PILOCARPINiE HYDROCHLORIDUM 


736 


PILULE 


pilocarpi'nae hydrochlor'idum*. Pilocarpine hydro¬ 
chloride, HCl. CiiHjgNjOj; pilocarpines hydrochlo- 
ras of the 1890 U. S. P. It occurs in minute, 
white, deliquescent crystals. Dose, 0.010 Gm. 
gr.). P. ni'tras*, pilocarpine nitrate.. Dose, 0.010 
Gm. gr.). 

pi-lo-car'pine. An active alkaloid, CjjHjgNjOj, from 
the leaflets of Pilocar'pus jaboran'di or P. mi- 
crophyl'lus; jaborandine. It is a physiological 
antagonist to atropine and is used as a diapho¬ 
retic in dropsy, uraemia, diabetes, etc., also as a 
sialagogue, myotic, diuretic, and galactagogue, 
externally in a i to 2% solution as an eyeswash, 
and as an application to promote the growth of 
hair. Dose, 0.008 to 0.015 Gm. (| to \ gr-)- 
Therapeutically it is used principally in the form 
of its salts, especially the hydrochloride and 
nitrate, but also the borate, hydrobromate, phe- 
nate, and phosphate. ^ Jaboric acid; jabori- 
din; jaborin. 

pi-lo-car'pus*. The leaflets of Pilocar'pus jaboran'¬ 
di or P. microphyl'lus, a rutaceous plant of South 
America, containing as principal alkaloid pilo¬ 
carpine. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). i^Fluidex- 
TRACTUM PILOCARPI*. [< TtlTiog cap + KOpKOg 
fruit.] 

pi-lo-mo'tor. Causing movemerit of the hair. P. 
nerves, nerves supplying the arrectores pilorum. 
[< L. pi'lus hair -t- mo'tor mover.] 

pi-lo-ni'dal fistula or sinus. A fistula on the surface 
of the body (as over the coccyx) which serves as 
a nidus for a growth of hair. [< L. pi'lus hair-f 
ni'dus nest.] 

piTose, pi'lous. Hairy; covered with hair. P. 
gland, the sebaceous gland of a hairsfollicle; a 
hair»gland. [< L. pilo'sus, fr. pi'lus hair.] 

pi-lo'sis. Abnormal or excessive development of 
hair. 

pi'lot-ing trocar. A trocar for introducing an ar¬ 
ticulated tracheotomy tube. 

Piltz’s refiex. = Attention reflex. 

pil'u-la, pi. -l(B. =PiLL. P. sapo'nis compos'ita, 
compound pill of soap, made from a pilbmass of 
opium, in fine powder, 4 Gm. (60 grs.) and soap, 
in fine powder, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). It is con¬ 
venient for administering opium in a pilular and 
readily soluble form in fractions of a grain. [L. 
dim. of pi'la ball,] 

pil'u-lse, gen. pilula'rum. The plural of pilula. P. 
al'oes*, “ pills of aloes,” made from purified aloes, 
in fine powder, soap, in fine powder, 13 Gm. each, 
and water, in sufficient quantity to make into 100 
pills; used as laxatives in habitual constipation. 
Dose, 2 pills. P. aFoes et asafoet'idae, the 1890 
U.S.P . name for pills made of purified aloes, in fine 
powder, asafetida, and soap, equal parts of each. 
These pills are peculiarly adapted, by the stim¬ 
ulant and carminative properties of the asafe¬ 
tida, to cases of costiveness attended with flatu¬ 
lence. P. al'oes etfer'ri*, “ pills of aloes and iron,” 
made from purified aloes, in fine powder, dried fer¬ 
rous sulphate, aromatic powder, each, 7 Gm., and 
a sufficient quantity of confection of rose to make 
100 pills; used in amenorrhoea with debility of the 
stomach and constipation. Dose, 2 pills. P. al'¬ 
oes et mas'tiches*, “pills of aloes and mastic,” 
Lady Webster dinnerspills, made from purified 
aloes, in fine powder, 13 Gm.; mastic, in fine 
powder, 4 Gm.; red rose, in fine powder, 3 Gm.; 
and diluted alcohol sufficient to make 100 pills; 
used as laxatives. Dose, 2 pills. P. al'oes et 
myr'rh**, “ pills of aloes and myrrh,” made of 


purified aloes, in fine powder, 13 Gm.; myrrh, 
in fine powder, 6 Gm. ; aromatic powder, 4 Gm.; 
and a sufficient quantity of syrup to make 100 
pills; Rufus’s pills; used as a warm, stimulant 
cathartic in general debility attended with consti¬ 
pation. Dose, 2 pills. P. al'oes et podophyl'li com- 
pos'itae, the N. F, name for Janeway’s pills, each 
pill containing purified aloes. 0.06 Gm. (i gr.); 
resin of podophyllum, 0.032 Gm. gr.) ; alcoholic 
extract of belladonna leaves and extract of nux 
vomica, 0.016 Gm. (j gr.) each. P. aloi'ni com- 
pos'itae (N. F.), “compound pills of aloin,” each 
pill containing aloin, 0.03 Gm. ( j gr.); resin of 
podophyllum, 0.008 Gm. (| gr.); and alcoholic ex¬ 
tract of belladonna leaves, 0.016 Gm. gr.). P. 
aloi'ni, strychni'nae, et belladon'nae (N. F.), “ pills 
of aloin. strychnine, and belladonna,” each pill 
containing aloin, 0.013 Gm. gr.); strychnine, 
0.0005 Gm. (xj^gr.) ;and alcoholic extract of bel¬ 
ladonna leaves, 0.008 Gm. gr.). P. aloi'ni, 
strychni'nae, et belladon'nae compos'itae ( N. F.), 
“ compound pills of aloin, strychnine, and bella¬ 
donna,” each pill containing aloin, 0.013 (i 
gr.); strychnine, 0.0005 Gm. (yxit *• alcoholic 
extract of belladonna leaves, 0.008 Gm. (y gr.); 
and extract of Rhamnus purshiana, 0.032 Gm. 

gr.). P. antidyspep'tica ( N. F.), “ antidyspeptic 
pills,” each pill containing strychnine, 0.0016 Gm. 
(xV > ipecac and alcoholic extract of bella¬ 
donna leaves, 0.006 Gm. gr.) each; mass of 
mercury and extract of colocynth, 1.3 Gm. (2 grs.) 
each. P. antimo'nii compos'itae, “ compound pills 
of antimony,” the 1890 U. S. P. name for Plum¬ 
mer’s pills; sulphurated antimony, 4 Gm.; mild 
chloride of mercury, 4 Gm.; guaiac, in fine powder, 
8 Gm.; castor oil, a sufficient quantity to make 100 
pills; used in the treatment of chronic rheumatism 
and of scaly and other eruptive diseases of the 
skin. P. antineural'gicae (N.F.), “ antineuralgic 
pills,” containing each; quinine sulphate, 1.3 Gm. 
(2 grs.); strychnine, 0.0022 Gm. (3^^ gr.); mor¬ 
phine sulphate and arsenic trioxide, 0.0032 Gm. 
(2^5^gr.) each; and extract of aconite leaves, 0.032 
Gm. (I gr.). P. antiperiod'icae, the N. F. name for 
antiperiodic or Warburg’s pills, containing each; 
extract of aloes, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.); rhubarb and 
angelica seed, 0.032 Gm. (y gr.) each; elecampane, 
saffron, and fennel, 0.016 Gm.(^ gr.) each; zedo- 
ary root, cubebs, myrrh, white agaric, and cam¬ 
phor, 0.008 Gm. (1^ gr.) each; and extract of gen¬ 
tian, a sufficient quantity. P. asafoet'idae*, “ pills 
of asafetida,” containing asafetida, 20 Gm.; soap, 
in fine powder, 6 Gm.; and water to make 100 pills. 
Dose, 2 pills. P. cathar'ficae compos'itae*, “ com¬ 
pound cathartic pills,” made of compound extract 
of colocynth, 80 Gm.; mild mercurous chloride, 
60 Gm.; resin of jalap, 20 Gm.; gamboge, in fine 
powder, 15 Gm.;and dilute alcohol to make 1000 
pills; used as purgatives and laxatives, Dose, 2 
pills. P. cathar'ticae vegetab'iles*, “ vegetable ca¬ 
thartic pills,” made of compound extract of colo¬ 
cynth, 60 Gm.; extract of hyoscyamus, 30 Gm.; 
resin of jalap, 20 Gm.; extract of leptandra and 
resin of podophyllum, 15 Gm. each ; oil of pepper¬ 
mint, 8 Cc.; and dilute alcohol to make 1000 pills. 
Dose, 2 pills. P. colocyn'thidis compos'itae, the 

N. F. name for compound pills of colocynth or 
cochia pills, each pill containing extract of colo¬ 
cynth, o.oii Gm. (|gr.); purified aloes and resin 
of scammony, 1.3 Gm. (2 grs.) each; oil of cloves, 

O. 015 Cc. min.). P. colocyn'thidis et hyoscy'ami 
(N.F.), “ pills of colocynth and hyoscyamus,’’each 


PILULiE 


737 


PINARD’S SIGN 


pill containing extract of colocynth, 0.006 Gm. 
(A ’’ purified aloes, resin of scammony, and 
extract of hyoscyamus. i Gm. (i| grs.) each ; and 
oil of cloves, 0.0r Cc. (J min.). ”P. colocyn'thidis 
et podophyl'li ( N. F.), “pills of colocynth and 
podophyllum,” each pill containing compound ex¬ 
tract of colocynth, 1.6 Gm. (2^ grs.) and resin of 
podophyllum, 0.016 Gm. gr.). P. fer'ri car- 
bona'tis*, “ pills of ferrous carbonate,” made of 
granulated ferrous sulphate, 16 Gm.; potassium 
carbonate, 8 Gm.; sugar, 4 Gm.; tragacanth, in 
fine powder, i Gm.; althaea, in No. 60 powder, i 
Gm.; and sufficient glycerin and water to make 
100 pills; Blaud’s pills; chalybeate pills; ferrugi¬ 
nous pills. They should be freshly prepared. P. 
fer'ri iod'idi*, “pills of ferrous iodide,” made of 
reduced iron, 4 Gm.; iodine, 5 Gm.; glycyrrhiza, 
in No. 60 powder, 4 Gm.; sugar, in fine powder, 4 
Gm.; extract of glycyrrhiza, in fine powder, i Gm.; 
acacia, in fine powder, i Gm.; water, balsam of 
Tolu, and ether, each, a sufficient quantity to 
make too pills; used for the same purposes as fer¬ 
rous iodide. Dose, 2 pills. P. glonoi'ni (N. F.), 
pills of NITROGLYCERIN. P. hydrar'gyri, pills 
made of massa hydrargyri*. P. laxati'vae com- 
pos'itae*, “compound laxative pills,” made of 
aloin, 1.3 Gm.; strychnine, 0.05 Gm.; extract of 
belladonna leaves, 0.8 Gm.; ipecac, in fine powder, 

O. 4 Gm.; glycyrrhiza, in fine powder, 4.60 Gm. ;and 
syrup sufficient to make 100 pills. Dose, 2 pills. 

P. laxati'vae post par'turn (N. F.), “ laxative pills 
after confinement,” each pill containing com¬ 
pound extract of colocynth ,1.1 Gm. (1 1 grs.); puri¬ 
fied aloes, 0.055 Gm. (| gr.); extract of nux vom¬ 
ica, 0.25 Gm. (^2 g^-) ’» ipecac and resin of podo¬ 
phyllum, 0.005 Gtti- (A g^-) each; and extract of 
hyoscyamus, 0.08 Gm. (i^ grs.). P. metallo'rum, 
the N. F. name for metallic pills, each pill contain¬ 
ing reduced iron, 0.045 Gm. (f gr.); quinine sul¬ 
phate, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.); arsenic trioxide and 
strychnine, 0.0013 Gm. gr.) each. P. o'pii*, 
“ pills of opium,” made of powdered opium, 6.5 
Gm.; soap, in fine powder, 2 Gm.; and water suf¬ 
ficient to make 100 pills. Dose, i pill. P. o'pii 
et cam'phorae (N. F.), “pills of opium and cam¬ 
phor,” each pill containing powdered opium, 0.065 
Gm. (i gr.) and camphor, 0.02 Gm. (2 grs.). P. 
o'pii et plum'bi (N. F.), “ pills of opium and lead,” 
each pill containing powdered opium, 0.065 Gm. 
(i gr.) and lead acetate, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.). P. 
phos'phori*, “ pills of phosphorus,” made of phos¬ 
phorus, 0.06 Gm.; althaea, in No. 60 powder, 6 
Gm.; acacia, in fine powder, 6 Gm.; glycerin, 
water, chloroform, balsam of Tolu and ether, each, 
a sufficient quantity to make 100 pills. Dose, i 
pill. P. podophyl'li, belladon'nae, et cap'sici*, 
“ pills of podophyllum, belladonna, and capsi¬ 
cum,” made of resin of podophyllum, 1.6 Gm.; ex¬ 
tract of belladonna leaves, 0.8 Gm.; capsicum, in 
moderately fine powder, 3.2 Gm.; sugar of milk, in 
fine powder, 6.5 Gm.; acacia, in fine powder, 1.6 
Gm.; and glycerin and water to make 100 pills. 
Dose, I pill. P. quadru'plices, the N. F. name for 
quadruplex or quatuor pills, each pill containing 
dried ferrous sulphate, quinine .sulphate, and puri¬ 
fied aloes, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.) each ; extract of nux 
vomica, 0.016 Gm. gr.) ; and extract of gentian, 
a sufficient quantity. P. rhe'i, “ pills of rhubarb,” 
the 1890 U. S. P. name for pills made of rhubarb, 
in fine powder, 20 Gm.;soap, in fine powder, 6 
Gm.; and water sufficient to make 100 pills. P. 
rhe'i compos'itae*, “compound pills of rhubarb,” 

47 


made of rhubarb, in No. 60 powder, 13 Gm. ; puri¬ 
fied aloes, in fine powder, 10 Gm.; myrrh, in fine 
powder, 6 Gm.; oil of peppermint, 5 Cc.; and water 
sufficient to. make 100 pills: used as a tonic laxa¬ 
tive, in costiveness with debility of stomach. 
Dose, 2 pills. P. trip'lices ( N. F.), “ triplex pills,” 
each pill containing purified aloes, 1.3 Gm. (2 
grs.); mass of mercury, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.); and 
resin of podophyllum, 0.016 Gm. (-^ gr.). 
pil'u-lar. Pertaining to a pill, 
pil'ule. A small pill; a pellet; a parvule. 
pi'lum. A pestle; an instrument for breaking sub¬ 
stances in a mortar. [L.] 
pi'lus. Hair. [L.] 

pi-mar'ic acid. A crystalline substance, C20H3QO.2 
from the turpentine of the maritime pine, 
pim-e-la'den. A sebaceous gland. [< Tv/fieA?'/ ia.t + 
a^v gland.] 

pi-mel'ic acid. A crystalline substance, C7H,204, 
formed by the action of nitric acid upon fatty 
bodies, as oleic acid. 

pim-e-li'tis. Inflammation of the adipose tissue, 
pim'e-lo-. Denoting fat; fatty: a combining form. 
[< fat.] pim-e-lo'ma, a fatty tumor.— 

pim‘e-lo-pte-ryg'i um, a fatty pterygium.— pim*e- 
lor-rhoe'a, a fatty diarrhoea ; seborrhoea.— pim*e- 
lor-thop-nce'a, difficulty in breathing, as when 
lying down, due to excessive fatness.— pim-e-lo'- 
sis, fatness or obesity. 

pim-e-lu'ri a. The passage of oil or fat in the urine, 
pi-men'ta*. The dried, nearly ripe fruit of Ptmen' 
ia officma'lis, a warm, aromatic stimulant; all¬ 
spice: used chiefly as an adjuvant to cover the 
taste of tonics and purgatives. Dose, i Gm. (15 
grs.), P. oil = OLEUM PIMENTO*. P. Water = 

AQUA PIMENTA. 

pim'per-nel. A popular name for various astringent 
and vulnerary plants, especially Ana gal'Us arven'- 
sis, ccBru'lea, tenel'la, etc. They have been used 
in snakesbite, rabies, and epilepsy. 

Pimpinel'la. A genus of umbelliferous plants. P. 
ani'sum is the common anise plant; Ani'sum vul- 
ga're. ^ Oleum anisi*. P. saxif'raga is the 
burnet saxifrage of Europe, the root of which is 
bitter and pungent and furnishes the principle 
pim-pi-nel'lin, used as a carminative, emmena- 
gogue, and diuretic. 

pim'ple. = Papule. i^Acne. P. mite = Acarus 

FOLLICULORUM. 

pin. A short piece of wire with a head and point. 
In surgery, pins are mostly used in the closure 
of harelips, in face=wounds, in the treatment of 
naevus, and in practising acupressure. P. callus, 
CALLUS. P. cells, gustatory cells whose free 
extremities consist of a slender style or point. 
P. sensation, pins and needles. P. suture 
= TWISTED SUTURE. P.sworm, the seatsworm, 
Oxyu'ris vermicula'ris. 

pin or pin and web. An old popular name for an 
bpacity of the cornea, Albugo; leucoma. 
pin-a-chro'mi a. A form of three-color photography, 
pin'a-cone. A white, crystalline substance, CgHj402, 
obtained by treating acetone with sodium or so¬ 
dium amalgam. By the action on it of chlo¬ 
rine gas pi-nac'o-lin, a colorless oily substance, 
CgHigO, with the odor of peppermint, is formed, 
pin-al'ic acid. = Valerianic acid. 
pin'a-pin. Fermented pineapple-juice: recommended 
as a spray in nasal catarrh and for gastric catarrh. 
Pinard’s sign. Sharp pain, after the sixth month 
of pregnancy, upon pressure on the fundus of the 
uterus indicates breech presentation. 


PINCEsCISEAUX 


738 


PIO- 


pincesciseaux (pans-st-z6). A forceps with cutting 
edges: used in iridectomy. [F.] 
pincescystitome (pafis-si-sti-tom). A cystitome like 
a curved iris forceps with cutting blades, used 
for cataract operations. [F.] 
pincement (pahs-moh). A movement in massage 
consisting in pinching the tissues. [F.] 
pincesnez (pahs-ne). Eyeglasses with a spring nose* 
piece. [F.] 

pincette (pahs-et). A small forceps or tweezers 
with straight blades. 

Pinckney'a pu'bens. A shrub or small tree of the 
order RubiacecB, native of South Carolina and 
Georgia and yielding Georgia bark and pinck- 
ney'in, a glucoside. 

pine. =PiNUS. P. cure, a mode of treating dis¬ 
eases, especially rheumatism, by baths of pine* 
needle oil. P. oil. i. Oil of turpentine. 2. A 
volatile oil distilled in Germany and Scotland 
from the needles and twigs of pine*trees. P.s 
weed = ORANGEsGRAss. P. wool, or P.sneedle 
wool = FIR WOOL. 

pin'eal. i. Belonging to, or like, the fruit of, a 
pinestree. 2. Relating to the pineal gland. P. 
body, a small reddish conesshapedorgan, developed 
from the primary forebrain, about the size of a 
pea, connected with the third ventricle and rest¬ 
ing upon the corpora quadrigemina; conarium; 
epiphysis cerebri; pineal gland; corpus pineale*. 
Descartes supposed it to be the seat of the soul, 
but it is now known to be a rudimentary sense* 
organ, and is therefore sometimes called Pineal 
eye. P. calculus, the sandy matter in the pineal 
gland; the acervulus cerebri. P. eye or gland = 
P. BODY. P. lamina, the portion of the pineal 
gland below the recessus pinealis. P. peduncle, 
the peduncle of the pineal gland. P. recess = P. 
VENTRICLE. P. sand = ACERVULUS*. P. Stria = 
STRIA MEDULLARis*. P. ventricle, the cavity some¬ 
times seen beneath, rarely within, the pineal 
body; ventriculus conarii; pineal recess; recessus 
pinealis*. [< L. pinea'lis, fr. pi'nea pine^nut.] 
pine'ap-ple. The conical fruit of Ananas'sa saii'va 
of tropical America. It is antiscorbutic and pos¬ 
sesses digestive properties, 
pin-en'chy-ma. Tissue formed of flat cells. [< rr/mf 
tablet + eyx'^P'^ infusion.] 

pi'nene. A liquid hydrocarbon, the chief 

constituent of oil of turpentine and of many es¬ 
sential oils; menthene. P. hydrochloride, a white, 
solid substance, CioHj-Cl, resembling camphor in 
appearance and odor; artificial camphor, 
pine'o-line. A proprietary extract from pine* 
needles: used in skin*diseases. 
pin-guec'u-la, pin-guic'u-la. A tumor on the con¬ 
junctiva, near the edge of the cornea, apparently 
adipose, but really of embryonal connective tis¬ 
sue. [L. dim. of pin'guis fat.] 
pin-gue'do. Fat; lard; adeps*. [L.] tpiii”gued'- 
i-nous. 

Pinguic'ula vulga'ris. An herbaceous plant of the 
United States; butterwort: used as a purgative 
and vulnerary. 

pin'shead. Terminating in a knob; applied to 
micro*organisms. 

pin'shole os. A very small os uteri, generally seen 
with conoidal cervix. P. pupil, a state of the 
pupil in typhus fever or in opium poisoning, in 
which it is so contracted as to resemble a pinshole. 
pi'nic acid. An acid, CjoHgoOj, from pine resin, 
pi'ni-form. Resembling in shape a pine cone. P. 
decussation, the superior pyramidal decussation. 


Q22^36^11> 


from 



Pinnate 

Leaf. 


pi-ni-pic'rin. A bitter principle, 

Thu'ja occidenta'lis and Pi'nus sylves'tris. 
pin-i-tan'nic acid. A variety of tannic acid occur¬ 
ring in Pi'nus sylves'tris. 

pin'ite. Pine sugar; the sweet, crystalline principle, 
CyHj^Og, of a kind of manna from 
Pi'nus lambertia'na, a pine-tree of 
Western North America, 
pink. t^DiANTHus; Spigelia*. P. 
and senna = worm tea. P. powders, 
powders containing calomel and sug¬ 
ar, colored with a little carmin. 

P.sroot, Spigelia*. P. torula. 

[1 M.H. ’06.] 

pinkseye. A contagious form of con¬ 
junctivitis caused by a specific ba¬ 
cillus. 

pin'na. i. The broad portion of the 
external ear; auricula*. 2. The ala 
or lower cartilage of either side of the 
nose. [L., “ wing or “feather.”] 
tpin'nal. pin'nate, as P. leaf. 
pin-o-cy-to'sis. The property possessed 
by phagocytes of ingesting and ab¬ 
sorbing liquid substances. [< ir'iveiv to drink -f 
KVTog cell.] 

pi'nol. A compound, isomeric with camphor, ob¬ 
tained from pinene. 

pins and needles. Tingling sensations felt by per¬ 
sons suffering from various nervous disorders. 
Pins’s sign. The disappearance of pleuritic symp¬ 
toms in pericarditis when the patient is placed in 
the knee*chest position. 

pint. A liquid measure containing (U.S.P.) 16 fluid 
ounces of distilled water, or according to imperial 
measure, 20 fluid ounces; in Latin octa'rius and 
hence abbr. O. Weights and measures, 

TABLE OF. 

pin'ta. A disease of the skin prevalent in Mexico, 
characterized by blue spots around the eyes, on 
the extremities, and on the breast; blue stain; 
mal de los pinto. It appears to be a form of 
pityriasis nigra or chloasma and is due to Asper- 
gil'lus pic'tor. [Sp., “painted.”] 

Pi' nus. I. Pine, a large and important genus of 
coniferous evergreen trees, confined to the North¬ 
ern hemisphere, and abounding in the temperate 
and cold regions of America, Asia, and Europe, 
but rarely occurring within the tropics. Its prin¬ 
cipal products are timber, rosin, and turpentine. 
P. a'bies, the spruce*fir. Abies excelsa. P. 
austra'lis, the yellow pine of the southern United 
States. P. balsam'ea = Abies balsamea. P. 
canaden'sis = Abies canadensis. P. cem'bra, the 
stone pine of central Europe, c®* Riga balsam. 
P. la'rix, the larch=tree, from which is obtained 
Venice turpentine. Its bark is stimulant and ex¬ 
pectorant. P. palus'tris = P. AUSTRALIS. P. pi'- 
cea, “pitch pine,” the silver fir, from which Stras- 
burg turpentine is obtained. P. pumil'io, the 
mountain pine. i^Templin oil. P. sylves'tris, 
“ forest pine,” the Scotch pine*tree, which yields 
the common turpentine, white and yellow rosin, 
tar, and common pitch. 2. = Pineal body. 
Pinz’s sign. Arch. gen. d. M .'ot,.] 
pi'o-. Denoting fat; fatty; pimelo-: a combining 
form. [< 7 rZwpfat.] pi-o-coe'li a, abdominal fat¬ 
ness. — pi-osep-i-the'li um, epithelium in which 
fatty matter is deposited, as that of the cerumi¬ 
nous glands of the ear.— pi-o-nae'mi a, fat, or oil, 
in the blood; lipaemia; piarrhaemia.— pi‘or-thop- 
noe'a, dyspnoea due to the accumulation of fat.— 





PIOTROWSKPS REACTION 


739 


pi'o-scope, a kind of galactoscope or device for 
estimating the percentage of cream in milk.— pi- 
ox-ae'mi a = piarrh^mia, 

Piotrowski’s reaction (pi-o-trov'sciz). = Biuret 

TEST. 

pip. A disease of fowls. 

pipe'sjaw. A painful condition of the jaws, said to 
be due to habitual carrying of a pipe between 
the teeth. 

Pi'per*. “ Pepper.” i. The typical genus of the 
order Piperacece, comprising more than 650 recog¬ 
nized species of climbing 
shrubs, natives of India, the 
islands of the Indian Ocean, 

South America, Africa, etc. 

2. The U. S. P. name for black 
pepper, the dried, unripe fruit 
of Pi'per ni'grum. It is a 
warm, carminative stimulant, 
capable of producing general 
arterial excitement. Its chief 
medicinal application is to 
excite the languid stomach 
and to correct flatulence. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 
i^*Oleoresina piperis* ; piperina*. P. adun'cum, 
a South American species of pepper: used to some 
extent as a substitute for cubebs and for matico. 
P. al'bum, “white pepper,” obtained from the 
same tree as is black pepper but from the ripe 
berry deprived of its skin. It is less active than 
black pepper, and is little used. P. be'tel, a native 
of India. It produces the betel pepper, the leaf 
of which is wrapped around the areca nut and 
chewed. P. cube'ba, the plant the dried fruits or 
berries of which are termed cubebs. i^Cubeba. 
P. lon'gum, “ long pepper,” the immature fruit, 
or dried spikes, of long pepper. P. methys'ticum, 
the ava (or kava) plant of the Sandwich Islands. 
An intoxicating drink is obtained from its roots, 
c^Kava. P. ova'tum, a West Indian species, 
tpip-e-ra'ce ous. pi'per-ism, poisoning wdth pep¬ 
per, causing acute gastro=enteritis. 

pi-per-az'ine, pi-per-az'i-dine. A crystalline, syn¬ 
thetic, hygroscopic base, C^HjgNj', diethylene- 
diamine; ethyleneimine; used as a solvent for 
uric acid and as a diuretic and antipodagric. 
Dose, 0.3 to 0.6 Gm. (5 to 10 grs.); hypodermic 
dose, 0.05 to o.i Gm. (f to gr.). 

pi-per'ic acid. A yellow, crystalline substance, 
found in the products of black pepper. 

pi-perii-dine. An amine, or alkaloid, CgHjiN, ob¬ 
tainable from piperine, cadaverine, and pyridine: 
used chiefly in its salts, as the bitartrate and 
guaiacolate. 

pip-e-ri'na*. A feebly basic substance, Cj^HigNOg, 
obtained from pepper and other plants of the 
Pipera'cece; piperine. It occurs in crystals and is 
used as an antipyretic and antiperiodic, as a stim¬ 
ulant in cholera, and in intermittent and remit¬ 
tent fevers. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). [L. fr. pi'per 
pepper.] 

pip'e-rine. = Piperina*. 

pip-e-ri'tious. Having a hot, biting taste, like 
pepper. 

pip-e-ro'nal. A white, crystalline substance, CgHgOg, 
from piperine or piperic acid; heliotropin; meth- 
yleneprotocatechuic acid: used chiefly in per¬ 
fumery but also as an antipyretic and antiseptic. 
Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). 

pip-er-o'va-lin. A crystalline alkaloid, C,gH2,N02, 
from Pi'per ova'tum, acting much as strychnine. 

pipette (pf-p^t'). A tube, either plain or graduated. 


PIRQUEPS REACTION 

for withdrawing, measuring, or adding a fluid, 
pi'ping rale. = Rale sibilant. 
pi'pi root. The root of Peiive'ria hexaglo'chin: said 
to be expectorant and diaphoretic, 
pi-pit-za-ho'ac. ts- Perezia. 

pi-pit-za-ho'ic acid. A goldensyellow, crystalline 
substance, CjjHjoOg, from the roots of plants of 
the genera Perezia and Trixis: used as a mild 
cathartic and in volumetric analysis, 
pipsmen'thol. Menthol from peppermint oil. 
pip-sis'sa-wa, -se-wa. The popular name for Chi- 

MAPHILA UMBELLATA. 

pip-to-nych'i a. Falling off of the nails, 
piqueur (pt-cer). A sexual pervert who finds satis¬ 
faction in wounding young women. [F.] 
piqure (piciir). Puncture. P. diabetes, experi¬ 
mental diabetes produced by puncture of the 

DIABETIC CENTRE. 

Pir'i a’s test. The purple color given by tyrosine on 
adding strong sulphuric acid, neutralizing, and 
treating with a ferric salt. 



Pirogoff’s amputation (pi'ro-gofs). Amputation of 
the foot in which the hind portion of the calca- 
neum is retained in the flap and approximated to 
the sawn tibia. P.’s formula, a mixture contain¬ 
ing iodine, sulphur, and potassium carbonate: 
used in the treatment of favus. P.’s operation, 
an operation for the radical cure of hernia, done 
by reducing and inserting a bladder of gold¬ 
beaters’ skin into the canal, which is inflated and 
allowed to remain. 

Piroplas'ma. A genus of haematozoan parasites, 
causing Texas fever, carceag of sheep, biliary 
fever of horses, malignant jaundice of dogs, etc. 
P. bigem'inum, is found in cattle and causes 
Texas fever. P. donovan'i = LeishmansDon- 
ovAN BODY. P. hom'inis, a species causing 
Rocky Mountain fever: transmitted by tick 
bites. P. par'va, the species causing Rhodesian 

CATTLE disease. 

pi-ro-plas-mo'sis. A disease of animals, especially 
cattle and dogs, caused by various species of Piro- 
plasma, transmitted by ticks and marked by discol¬ 
oration of the urine with haemoglobin, Kala* 
azar; Rhodesian cattle disease; Rocky 
Mountain fever; Texas fever. 

Pirquet’s reaction (pir-cez). The production of a 
papule in a tuberculous person at the point of 
inoculation by scarification with tuberculin (old). 
^Calmette’s reaction; Moro’s reaction. 




PISCIDIA ERYTHRINA 


740 


PITUITARY 


Piscid'ia erythri'na. A leguminous tree of the West 
Indies; Jamaica dogwood. It is used in form of 
a tincture of the bark as a narcotic and diapho¬ 
retic and furnishes a colorless, crystalline sub¬ 
stance, pis'ci-din, C29H240g, which acts as a car¬ 
diac depressant and on the spinal ganglia, also as 
an antineuralgic, anodyne, and hypnotic. Dose 
of tincture, 0.6 to 3.3 Cc. (10 to 50 mins.), 
pis-ci'na. A bath-tub. [L.] 

pis'co. A variety of brandy made at Pisco, Peru, 
pis'i-form. Resembling a pea; peasshaped. P. 
bone, a small nearly round bone found at the 
ulnar side of the proximal row of the carpal 
bones; os pisiforme*. Many anatomists consider 
it a sesamoid bone. [< L. pi'sum pea + -form.] 
pi*so-ha-ma'tus, pi'sosun-ci-na'tus. An occasional 
muscle extending between the pisiform and the 
unciform bone. 

pis-ta'chi a. The pistachio=tree. P. galls, galblike 
bodies from the leaves and branches 
of Pista'cia terehin'thina; caruba di 
gulden; their smoke is inhaled to 
relieve asthma and other lung affec¬ 
tions. P. khin'juk, of India, yields 
valuable astringent galls. P. ve'ra, a 
tree which yields the pistachio nut 
and a fixed oil which is used to form 
an emulsion used in irritation of the 
urethra. 

pis-ta'chi o nut. Pistachi.4 vera. 

Pis'tia. A genus of AracctF. The leaves 
' of P. stratio'tes of Asia are used in mea¬ 
sles, diabetes, and dysentery, 
pis'til. The female organ of a flower, 
pis'tolssplint. A splint shaped like a 
pistol, fonnerly used in certain frac¬ 
tures of the forearm, 
pis'tonspulse. A hard and strong pulse, such as is 
seen in cases of arterial sclerosis with consequent 
enlargement of the heart. 

pit. I. Any depression or fovea*, as one made by 
the finger in an oedematous condition of the body. 
2. The cavity left marking the skin after severe 
smallpox. 3. The axilla or armpit. 4. To indent; 
to mark with pits, i®- Auditory p. P. of the 
stomach, the hollow part of the epigastric region 
within the subcostal triangle; scrobiculus cordis*. 
pi-ta'ya bark. The bark of Cincho'na piiayen'sis 
from which are obtained quinine, pi-tay'in (= 
quinidine), and pi-tay'am-in, an alkaloid, 
pitch. That acoustic quality which depends on the 
rate of vibration in the sound=conducting medium. 
In auscultation, it is often an important factor 
in the diagnosis of disease, 
pitch. t^Pix. P. plaster = EM- 
PLASTRUM picis. P.stree, 1^ 

PINUS. 

pitchblende. A black mineral 
substance composed chiefly of 
uranium oxide. From it radi¬ 
um is obtained. 

pitch'ersplant. A term applied to 
various, chiefly insectivorous, 
plants which have leaves or 
some part of the leaf in the 
form of a piteher, tube, or other 
hollow vessel (called ascidium) 
capable of holding water. The 
watery secretion of most of 
the pitcher=plants contains azerin and droserin. 
Pit'field’s method for sporesstaining consists in fix¬ 
ing the film in flame and staining it in boiling 


carbobfuchsin, after which it is washed and de¬ 
colored with an ammonium persulphate solution, 
washed again and counterstained. 
pith. I. The soft, spongy cellular tissue constitut¬ 
ing the central portion of an exogenous stem or 
branch, Sassafras pith. 2. Themedullary 
part of a hair. 3. The spinal cord, 
pith'e-coid. Resembling an ape. P. theory, the 
theory that man is descended from the ape. 
pith-e-col'o-bine. An amorphous, extremely poi¬ 
sonous alkaloid from Pithecolo'bium bigem'inum 
and P. sa'man. 

pi-thi'a-tism. = Hysteria. (Babinski.) TreideLV 
to persuade + 'iaroq curative.] tpi“thi'a-tic. 
pith'ing. The act of destroying the central nervous 
system by piercing the brain and spinal cord, 
pi'thode, pi'thos. The nuclear barrebfigure formed 
in KARYOKiNESis. [< 'rTiOog wine=jar.] 
pi-tom'e-ter. [TJ J. Franklin Inst. ’07.] 

Pitres’s sections (pi-tr^s'iz). A series of vertical 
transverse sections of the brain made respectively 
through the prefrontal lobe {Prefrontal s.), two 
centimetres in front of the fissure of Rolando 
(Pediculofrontal s.), at the level of the ascending 
frontal convolution {Frontal s.), through the 
ascending parietal convolution {Parietal 5.), three 
centimetres behind the fissure of Rolando {Pedic- 
uloparietal s.), and through the middle of the oc¬ 
cipital \ohe {Occipital s.) . P.’s sign. I. The de¬ 
gree of deviation of the sternum in pleuritic effu¬ 
sion is indicated by the angle formed between its 
axis and the line represented by a cord dropped 
from the suprasternal notch to the symphysis 
pubis; plumbsline sign. 2. Hyperaesthesia of the 
testes and scrotum in tabes dorsalis, 
pit'ta-cal. A blue coloring matter, consisting of 
salts of eupittonic acid, discovered in tar. [ < 
Tzirra pitch + KoJiog beautiful.] 
pit'ted. Having small depressions or pits on the 
surface. P. teeth, teeth with pits in the enamel 
due to defective development, 
pit'ting. The formation of pits or hollow cicatrices 
in the skin, resulting from ulceration, as in small¬ 
pox, or from absorption of the papillary layer of 
the skin, as in syphilis. 

Pitt’s operation. A method of stretching the infe¬ 
rior dental nerve. The nerve is exposed by a 
vertical incision within the mouth along the inner 
edge of the ascending ramus, and is then stretched 
with a blunt hook. 

pit-ty'len. A proprietary condensation product of 
pine tar and formaldehyde: used as an ointment 
and dusting powder in skin diseases, 
pit-u-i'ta. Phlegm; viscid and glutinous mucus. 
P. al'ba = ANASARCA, tpit-u-i'tal; pit-u-i'tous, as 
P. catarrh, catarrh with a thin mucous secretion, 
pit-u'i-ta-ry. Belonging to phlegm; secreting 
phlegm. P. artery, a branch of the internal 
carotid to the pituitary body. P. body or gland, 
the small ellipsoidal body which rests on the sella 
turcica and is attached to the base of the brain 
by a pedicle; hypophysis cerebri; hypophysis*. It 
consists of two distinct lobes; the larger, anterior 
(or oral) one, of a reddishsgray color, partly en¬ 
closing the posterior (or cerebral) one, which is 
yellowish gray in color. According to Sajous it 
possesses a membrane functionally resembling 
the olfactory area of the Schneiderian, and tests 
the condition of the body fluids and anatomi¬ 
cally regulates the correction of depraved condi¬ 
tions by producing antitoxins. Certain obscure dis¬ 
eases, as acromegaly, myxoedema, etc., are marked 



Pistils. 



Pitcher-plant. 










PITUITRIN 


741 


PLACENTA 


by pathological changes in the structure of the 
pituitary body. P. diverticulum, an outgrowth 
from the mucous membrane of the back part of 
the pharynx, assisting in forming the pituitary 
body. P. fold, two folds of the dura mater en¬ 
closing the pituitary body. P. fossa, the sella 
turcica, or cavity in the sphenoid bone for receiv¬ 
ing the pituitary body. P. membrane, the 
SCHNEIDERIAN MEMBRANE. P. space, the space 
at the base of the embryonic skull which is after¬ 
ward occupied by the pineal body, 
pi-tu'i-trin. A proprietary pituitary extract, 
pit-u'ri. The dried and powdered leaves and tops 
of Duboi'sia hopwood'i: used as a masticatory 
and stimulant by the Australian natives, 
Areca. They furnish pi-tu'rine, an alkaloid, 
CjjHjgNj, resembling nicotine, 
pit-y-ri'a-sis. One of various skin diseases in which 
branslike scales of epidermis are thrown off and 
constantly renewed. It is unattended with in¬ 
flammation. P. al'ba atro'phicans, a rare, chronic 
variety marked by profuse desquamation and 
atrophy of the skin. P. cap'itis = alopecia fur- 
FURACEA. P. circina'ta = P. ROSEA. P. furfura'- 
cea = SEBORRHCEA SICCA. P. gravida'rum = chlo¬ 
asma UTERINUM. P. in'dica or ni'gra, pityriasis 
with pigmentation, Melasma. P. lin'guae = 
LEUCOPLACIA. P. pila'ris = KERATOSIS PILARIS. 
P. ro'sea, a skin disease in which the eruption 
consists of round, rosescolored spots or patches 
covered with furfuraceous scales; P. circinata; 
P. rubra maculata. The patches tend to run 
together. There are generally slight fever and 
some itching. P. ru'bra, a chronic inflammatory 
skin disease, starting in small patches which 
gradually spread over the whole body; dermatitis 
exfoliativa; erythropityriasis. The skin is dry, 
of a deep*red color, and covered with thin scales. 
The disease lasts for a long time, and often results 
fatally from exhaustion. P. ru'bra macula'ta = 
P. ROSEA. P. ru'bra pila'ris = LICHEN ACUMiNATUS. 
P. sim'plex or vulga'ris, a simple scurfy condition 
of the epidermis. P. tabescen'tium, seborrhoea 
occurring with marasmus and in phthisis. P. ver- 
sic'olor, a contagious disease due to a microscopic 
fungus (Miqrosporon furfur or Malassezia 
furfur) and characterized by a brown eruption 
on the skin, with some itching; dermatomycosis 
furfuracea; tinea versicolor. [< 'KiTvpov scurf, 
bran, or dandruff.] 
tpit*y-ri-as'ic; pit'y- 
roid. 

piv'ot. A peg on which 
an artificial tooth is 
sometimes set. P.s 

joint = CYCLARTHRO- 

sis. P. tooth, an ar¬ 
tificial crown at¬ 
tached to a healthy 
root by a peg or other 
device. fpiv'oting, 
the adjustment of a pivot tooth, 
pix, gen. pi'cis. The Latin name for a dry bitumen 
prepared from liquid pitch; black pitch. The un-' 
qualified term pix, or pitch, generally designates 
the residue left after the common pitch*tar has 
been boiled and its volatile parts expelled. Chem¬ 
ically, it is much like common rosin. It is gently 
stimulant and tonic, and may be given internally 
with advantage in piles and in some skin dis¬ 
eases. Dose, 0.6 to 3.6 Gm. fio to 60 grs.) in 
pills. It is also used in ointments. P. bur- 



PivoT Teeth above. 
Bridge-work below. 


gun'dica, the 1890 U. S. P. name for Burgundy 
pitch, the prepared resinous exudation of A'bies 
excel'sa. Applied to the skin in the shape of a 
plaster, it acts as a gentle rubefacient. It is used 
chiefly in chronic rheumatic pains and in chronic 
affections of the chest and abdomen, Emplas- 

TRUM PICIS BURGUNDIC^; EMPLASTRUM PICIS CAN- 
THARiDATUM. P. canaden'sis, “ Canada pitch,” or 
“ hemlock pitch,” the prepared resinous exudation 
of A'bies canaden'sis. It is a gentle rubefacient, 
closely analogous to Burgundy pitch in its prop¬ 
erties, and employed for the same purposes. P. 
carbo'nis praepara'ta (Br.), coaLtar prepared by 
heating at 120° F. for one hour. P. liq'uida* 
= tar, a product obtained by the destructive 
distillation of the wood of Pi'nus palus'tris and 
of other species of Pinus. The medical proper¬ 
ties of tar are similar to those of the tuiq^entines, 
but it is much less irritant. Its vapor, inhaled 
into the lungs, has been useful in cases of bron¬ 
chial disease. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). i^Syru- 

PUS PICIS LIQUID^*; UNGUENTUM PICIS LIQUIDS*. 

P. suto'ria, shoemakers’ pitch or wax; formerly 
used in surgery, now used in domestic treatment. 

place isomerism, ts- isomerism. 

pla-ce'bo. An inactive preparation given rather 
to please the patient than to benefit him directly. 
[L., “ I shall please.”] 

pla-cen'ta*. i. The circular, flat, vascular structure 
in the impregnated uterus, forming the principal 
medium of communication between the mother 
and the child; the aftersbirth; deuterion; secun- 
dines. It consists of an external or maternal 
portion {placenta uterina*), a whitish, transpar¬ 
ent layer developed, about the third month of 
gestation, from the decidua serotina, and an in¬ 
ternal or fetal portion {placenta joetalis*), devel¬ 
oped from the chorion, and made up of villi 
containing branches of the umbilical arteries and 
veins which course within tufts, or cotyledons, 
received into depressions in the mucous mem¬ 
brane of the uterus. At the time of birth the 
placenta weighs about i pound, is about i in. 
thick at the centre, and about 7 ins. in diameter. 
Adherent p., one which remains clinging abnor¬ 
mally to the uterine walls after childbirth. An¬ 
nular p., one extending around the interior of 
the uterus like a belt or ring. Battledore p., 
one in which the cord is inserted at the margin 
of the placenta. P. bilo'ba or biparti'ta = P. 
DUPLEX. P. circumvalla'ta, a placenta with a 
thickened fibrinous ring at the junction of the 
decidua vera and decidua reflexa. Cirsoid p., 
one in which the vessels appeaj* to be varicose. 
P. du'plex or dimidia'ta, a placenta which is di¬ 
vided into two portions. P. fenestra'ta, a pla¬ 
centa in which the placental tissue is lacking in 
spots. Fundal p., one normally attached to the 
fundus. Horseshoe p.,one of crescentic form oc¬ 
casionally met with in twin pregnancy. Incar¬ 
cerated p.,one which is retained because of irreg¬ 
ular uterine contractions. P. margina'ta, a pla¬ 
centa which is surrounded by an unusual margin 
of placental tissue. P. membrana'cea, a placenta 
which is abnormally thin, as from compression. 
P. obla'ta or ob'via==P. previa. P. obsole'ta, a 
rare condition in twin pregnancies when the two 
placentae are entirely distinct from each other. 
P. prae'via, that condition in which the placenta 
is situated internally over the mouth of the womb, 
often proving a cause of excessive hemorrhage. 
Retained p., one not expelled after childbirth. 




PLACENTAL 


742 


PLANARTHRAGRA 


Duhrssen’s method. P. spu'ria, an accessory- 
placenta not concerned in the nourishment of the 
foetus. P. succenturia'ta, a division of the pla¬ 
centa forming two or more placentae at various 
points of the wall of the uterus. P. triparti'ta, a 
triply divided placenta. P. zona'ria, annular 
PLACENTA. 2. A cake; any cake*like mass. P. 
cruo'ris or san'guinis = bloodsclot. P. sem'inis 
li'ni, linseed oil cake; when ground it forms “cake* 
meal,” which may be used instead of ordinary 
linseed meal for poultices. [L. fr. nAamvq cake.] 

pla-cen'tal. Belonging to the placenta. P. area, 
that portion of the uterine wall to which the 
placenta is attached. P. artery, the umbilical 
vein. P. atrophy, shrivelling degeneration of the 
placenta. P. bloodsspaces = intervillous lacu¬ 
na. P. bruit = P. SOUFFLE. P. decidua = DE¬ 
CIDUA SEROTiNA. P. dystocia, difficult delivery 
of the placenta or after^birth. P. murmur = P. 
SOUFFLE. P. polypus, a fibrinous polypus formed 
by the coagulation of blood on a portion of pla¬ 
centa retained in the uterus after childbirth. P. 
presentation, placenta praevia. P. scoop, a longs 
handled curette for detaching adherent portions 
of the placenta. P. sinus, a venous channel 
around the placenta into which the placental 
veins empty. P. souffle, a blowing sound heard 
in the gravid uterus, and believed to be due to 
the placental or intrasuterine circulation; uterine 
souffle. P. stage = THIRD stage. P. thrombosis, 
THROMBOSIS. 

pla-cen-ta'tion. The manner in which the placenta 
is foqn^d and attached. 

pla-ceui'ti-form. Resembling a cake; thick, round, 
and concave on both the upper and the lower 
surfaces. 

pla-cen-ti'tis. Inflammation of the placenta, as in 
conjunction with endometritis or syphilis, lead¬ 
ing sometimes to abortion. P. decidua'lis, pla¬ 
centitis beginning with fibrous hypertrophy of the 
decidua serotina. 

pla-cen'to-. Relating to the placenta: a combining 
form. [ < L. placen'ta a flat cake.] pla-cen-tol'y- 
sin, a lysin formed in the serum of animals into 
which placental cells from another animal have 
been introduced. It is destructive to the placen¬ 
tae of animals of the species to which the cells 
originally belonged.— pla-cen-to'ma, a new growth 
developing from a portion of a retained placenta. 
— pla-cen-toph'a-gy, the eating of placentae, as by 
certain mammals and by some lower races of 
mankind.— pla-cen-to-ther'a-py, the therapeutic 
use of placental preparations. 

pla-cen'tu-la, pla-cen'tule. A little placenta. [Dim. 
of L. placen'ta.'] 

Placido’s disk (pla-si'd6z). A disk having concen¬ 
tric circles marked on it; used as a keratoscope. 

pla-cun-ti'tis. = Placentitis. 

plad-a-ro'ma, -ro'sis, -ro'tis. A fungous and flaccid 
tumor within the eyelid. 

pla'gi 0-. Oblique; also imperfect: a combining 
form. [< TTAdyfof oblique.] pla‘gi-o-boli a, im¬ 
perfect emission of semen into the vagina.— pla*- 
gi-o-ceph'a-ly, -ce-pha'li a, that deformity of the 
head in which one side is the better developed 
anteriorly and the other posteriorly. 
ceph'a-lic. 

plague. I. An infectious, epidemic disorder, en¬ 
demic in Southwest China, and due to the Ba¬ 
cillus PESTis, discovered by Kitasato; bubonic 
plague; oriental plague. It is common to man and 
many of the lower animals, as rats, cats, ground* 


squirrels, etc., but is rare in herbivorous animals. 
It is attended with fever, headache, vomiting, 
severe prostration, and inflammatory swelling of 
the lymphatic glands (buboes). The fleas (Pulex 
cheopsis) of rats infected with the plague 
transmit the disease, possibly by defecation 



Bacillus Pestis. — a. Organism from culture, b. Smear 
preparation from spleen. X looo. (Wilson.) 

at the time of biting, the bacilli being after¬ 
ward inoculated into the wound by the rubbing 
of the body following the irritation of the bite. 
Insanitary conditions and famine are important 
factors in the spread of the disease. Among the 
great historic epidemics of this disease in Europe 
were the Justinian plague, of the sixth century; 
the “ black death” or pestis nigra, of the four¬ 
teenth century, and the great plague of London, 
of 1664-65. The disease is always more or less 
common in India, Asia Minor, and Arabia, the 
mortality being always high. At the present 
time (1911) the pneumonic form is prevalent in 
Manchuria. ^Pestis; Haffkine’s prophylac¬ 
tic FLUID. Ambulant or ambulatory p., a mild 
form, frequent at the beginning of an outbreak 
and an important factor in the spread of the dis¬ 
ease, as the faeces and urine contain bacilli; pestis 
minor; masked plague; mild plague; larval plague. 
Black p.,i^ PLAGUE. Bubonic p.= PLAGUE. Lung, 
pneumonic, or pulmonary p., a very fatal form, 
marked by high fever, pneumonic symptoms, 
and hemorrhagic sputum, containing bacilli in 
almost pure culture, and may be transmitted 
directly from person to person. Septicaemic p., 
the most rapid form, in which the patient suc¬ 
cumbs in three or four days before the appear¬ 
ance of buboes. P.=spot, one of the petechiae 
which frequently show in plague. White p., 
tuberculosis. 2. Any severe pestilence or fatal 
epidemic. Cattle=p., a very fatal form of hemor¬ 
rhagic oedema in cattle and sometimes horses, due 
to the Bacillus bovisepticus. Siberian p., a cattle* 
disease of Northern Asia marked by high mortal¬ 
ity. Syrian p. = oriental sore. [<L,.pla'ga 
fr. a blow or stripe.] 

plain muscle. Non*striated or involuntary muscle: 
found in most of the visceral or non*skeletal 
muscles, and receiving its innervation from the 
sympathetic system. Contraction is sluggish and 
longscontinued as compared with that of normal 
striated muscle. P. teeth in denistry, artificial 
teeth without a porcelain gum*extension. 
plan-ar-thrag'ra. Wandering gout. 








PLANATION 


PLASMA 


743 


pla-na'tion. The flexion of the head to right or left 
in the plane of the palmar surface of the forearm. 
Planat’s tincture (plan'ats). A 25% tincture of 
cocculus. Dose, 0.3 Cc. ( 5 mins.), 
plane. Any flat surface, 
especially one assumed 
as passing through or 
tangent to a part of the 
body; planum*. Spe¬ 
cially named planes are 
Aeby’s, Blumen- 
bach’s. Datums, Dau- 
benton’s, Focal, 

Hodge’s, Listing's 
Listing’s law), and 
Morton’s P. polari¬ 
zation, r^POLARIZA- 
TION OF LIGHT. P. of 
polarization, the plane 
in which the vibrations 
of a ray of polarized 
light take place, 
pla-ne'sis. A dispersing 
or displacement, 
plan'i-, plan'o-. Combin¬ 
ing forms denoting (i) flatness, a flat surface, or a 
plane; (2) wandering or aberration. [In sense i 
< L. pla'nus flat, in sense 2 < 'n'kavTj wandering.] 
plan'i-ceps, flatsheaded.— plan'i-dens, having flat 
teeth.— plan'i-form, having a flat surface.— pla- 
nim'e-ter, an instrument for measuring surface* 
areas.— plan'i-pes, flatsfooted.— pla-ni'ti es, a flat 
surface ; a plane; flatness.— plan-i-ven'ter, having 
a flat abdomen.— pla-no-ba'si-lar line, the line 
drawn in the middle plane from the anterior edge 
of the sphenoidal plane to the basion.— pla-no- 
cel'lu-lar, composed of flat cells.— Planococ'cus, a 
genus of motile, flagellate microsorganisms, having 
cell division in two dimensions.— pla-no-com- 
pressed', so compressed that the sides opposite are 
flat.— plamo-con'cave, plane on one side and con¬ 
cave on the other: said of lenses.— pla*no-con'vex, 
plane on one side and convex on the other: said of 
lenses.— pla-no-cyl'in-der, a lens one of whose 
surfaces is plane and the other cut in the form of 
a convex or concave cylinder.— pla'no-cyte, a 
wandering cell.— pla-no'di a, a false passage, such 
as is sometimes made in stricture of the urethra 
by a bougie, sound, or catheter.— pla-no-ma'ni a, 
a morbid love for wandering, a frequent symptom 
in insanity. — pla-no-rheu'ma-tism, wandering 
rheumatism.— Planosarci'na, a genus of motile, 
flagellated microsorganisms, having celbdivision 
in three dimensions.— pla-no-spi'nal line, a line 
in the median plane from the anterior edge of the 
sphenoidal plane to the spinal (subnasal) point, 
plan'ta*. The inferior surface or sole of the foot. 
Planta'go. A genus of plantaginaceous herbs; 
plantain. P. aquat'ica = Alisma plantago. P. 
ma'jor, common plantain, a native of Europe, and 
naturalized in the United States: refrigerant, as¬ 
tringent, and diuretic, 
plan'tain. = Plantago. 

plan'tar. Belonging to the sole of the foot. P. 
aponeurosis, the very thick and tough fascia of 
the soles of the feet; P. fascia; aponeurosis plan- 
taris*. P. arch, the arch*like curve formed by 
the larger arteries of the sole of the foot; arcus 
plantaris*. P. arteries, the terminal branches of 
the posterior tibial artery supplying the sole of 
the foot. The internal (A. plantaris medialis*) 
lies along the inner side, the external {A. plan¬ 


taris lateralis*) runs outward to the base of the 
fifth metatarsal bone, then obliquely inward to 
join the dorsal artery, forming the plantar arch. 
P. cutaneous nerve, a branch of the posterior 
tibial nerve supplying the heel and inner side of 
the sole. P. fascia = P. aponeurosis. P. inter¬ 
osseous artery, ts- interosseous artery. P. 
ligaments, the ligamentous bands uniting many 
of the bones of the foot on the plantar surface: 
they are recognized in the naviculocuboid, navic- 
ulocuneiform, cubocuneiform, tarsometatarsal, 
and intermetatarsal articulations. P. ligaments, 
long and short, calcaneocuboid ligaments. 
P. muscle, PLANTARIS. P. nerves, the nerves 
supplying the sole of the foot. They are the Exter¬ 
nal p. nerve, one of the terminal branches of the 
posterior tibial nerve, supplying the little toe and 
the deep muscles of the foot; N. plantaris later¬ 
alis*: and the Internal p. nerve, a terminal branch 
of the posterior tibial nerve, supplying the sole 
of the foot, the toes, and the abductor hallucis, 
flexor brevis hallucis, and flexor brevis digitorum 
muscles; N. plantaris medialis*. P. neuralgia, 
a form of neuralgia frequently limited to the 
tips of the toes or to the ball of the great toe: 
often associated with a definite neuritis, such 
as follows typhoid fever, and has been seen in 
an aggravated form of caisson disease (Hughes). 
[Tf O. ’06.] P. reflex, reflex movements of the 
toes and foot induced by tickling the sole of the 
foot. P. tubercle, a rough tubercle on the plantar 
surface of the base of the first metatarsal bone, 
to which the tendon of the peronaeus longus is 
attached; tuberositas ossis metatarsalis ^.*. P. 
veins, the veins accompanying the plan-^ar ar¬ 
teries. [< L. plan'ta sole of the foot.] 
plan-ta'ris. A muscle arising from the femur 
slightly above the external condyle and from the 
posterior ligament of the knee*joint and inserted 
into the inside of the os calcis; M. plantaris*. 
It assists in extending the foot. P. mi'nor, an 
occasional duplication of the plantaris muscle, 
arising from the popliteal surface or from the 
capsule of the kneesjoint. 

plan^ti-grade. Bringing down flatly the entire sole 
of the foot, in walking, as is the case in the bear, 
plan'to-graph. An instrument for tracing the out¬ 
lines of the human body. [^1 I. M. ’05.] 
plan'tose. A nutritive albumin from rape^seed. 
plan-tos'se us. A plantar interosseous muscle. [L.] 
pla'num*. A plane; a flat surface, as P. nucha'le* 
= NUCHAL plane: P. occipita'le* = occiPiTAh 
plane: etc. 

pla-nu'ri a, plan'u-ry. The discharge of urine 
through an unusual or unnatural passage. [< 
TzT.avdadai to wander + ovpov urine.] 
plaque (plac). i . A bloodsplaque or bloodsplatelet. 

2. A patch or flat area. P. des fumeurs = leu- 
COPLACIA BUCCALis. P. jaune, a patch of yellow 
softening: seen in the cerebral matter of elderly 
people. P. lisse = leucoplacia buccalis. P. 
muqueuse = MUCOUS patch. P. opaline = opa¬ 
line PATCH. Ps. de Peyer = PEYER’s glands. 

3. In dentistry, a flat plate composed of a colony 
of microsorganisms and adhesive intercellular 
substance, fastened, clinging, or cemented to the 
enamel of the teeth. [F.] 

plasm. = Plasma. 

plas^ma. i. The liquid portion of the blood {liquor 
sanguinis) or of the lymph {liquor lymphce) in 
which the corpuscles float, Muscle*plasma. 
P.sCellS, 0 -WaLDEYER’s PLASMAsCELLS. P.sfi- 



Three Principal Planes 
OF THE Body. — T, T. 
Transverse planes. S, S. 
Sagittal plane. P, F. 
Frontal plane. (Piersol.) 

















PLASMA- 


744 


PLASTIC 


brin, fibrin formed in the usual way, as dis¬ 
tinguished from stroma fibrin. P. globulin = 

PARAGLOBULIN. P. San'guinis = BLOODsPLASMA. 

2. A compound of glycerin and starch, used as an 
ointment base; glycerite of starch. [< 'ir'kdoaeiv 
to form.] tplas-mat'ic, plas'mic, as P. canal — 
HAVERSIAN CANALS: P. Current or layer, the layer 
of plasm devoid of corpuscles which lies next the 
walls of the capillaries through which blood is 
flowing, AXIAL current: and P. stain, a histo¬ 
logical stain which colors a tissue uniformly 
throughout. 

plas'ma-. = Plasmo-: a combining form. [<7rAdo-- 
GCLv to form.] plas'ma-cule, one of the very minute 
granules said to exist in the blood in infinite 
number ; haemoconium.— Plasmadioph'ora=PLAS- 
MODioPHORA. — Plasmamoe'ba = Plasmceba. — 
plas-mar-rhex'is = plasmorrhexis.— plas'mase 
= FIBRIN FERMENT. —plas'ma-somc, a corpuscle 
of protoplasm. — plas*ma-tor-rhex'is = plasmor¬ 
rhexis. — plas-ma-to'sis, liquefaction of the cells 
substance, as in the cells of secreting milksglands. 

plas'ment. A solution of Irish and Iceland mosses 
with glycerin and benzoin: used as a basis for 
urethral injections. 

plas’mex-hi-dro'sis. The exudation of plasma from 
bloodsvessels. 

plas'mic. Plasma. 

plas'min. i. = Denis’s plasmin. 2. Any one of 
various fluids expressed from cultures of patho¬ 
genic microsorganisms, etc.: used for their immu¬ 
nizing qualities, ts- Tuberculoplasmin. 

plas'mo-. Relating to plasma ; plasma-: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< TrAdaaeiv to form.] plas'mo-chyme, 
a thick nitrogenous or proteid semifluid substance 
in a cell. — plas'mo-ki-ne'sis, the process of di¬ 
vision, direct or indirect, of a celbnucleus, or other 
mass of protoplasm, Karyokinesis. — plas'- 
mo-cyte, any cell, not a blood=cell, free in the 
bloodsplasma. — plas’mo-der-ma-to'sis, any skin 
disease marked by new growths. — plas’mo-di- 
£er'e-sis, division of the celbbody as contrasted 
with division of the nucleus.— plas-mod'i-blast = 
TROPHOBLAST. — plas'mo-di-go'ni a, a method of 
reproduction in the lowest forms of protozoa 

— Plasmodioph'ora bras'sicae, a fungus parasitic 
on clubsroot and cabbage, possessing a close rela¬ 
tion to the exciting cause of animal tumors.— 
plas-mo'di um, pi. -dia. A mass of protoplasm 
formed by the union of two or more amoebi- 
form bodies or individuals. P. falcip'arum, P. 
precox. ts~ Malaria. P. koch'i, a species found 
in monkeys: in it the sexual forms alone seem 
present. P. mala'riae, the haematozoon of malaria ; 
Hcemo plasmo'dium mala'rice; Haematophyl'lum 
mala'rice; Laveran’s body; Oscilla'ria mala'rice. 

Malaria, where the organism is fully described. 
P. prae'cox. i. Malaria. 2. A variety found 
in birds; Proteosoma. P. vi'vax, ^malaria. 

— Plasmoe'ba, a sporozoan parasite found by 
Eberle in the blood of those suffering from 
dengue and supposed to cause that disease.— 
plas'mo-gen, the true and essential part of proto¬ 
plasm; germsplasm; bioplasm. — plas-mo-gen'e- 
sis, the generation of plasma or protoplasm. — 
plas-mol'o-gy, the science of minute anatomical 
structure; histology.— plas-mol'y-sis. i. Con¬ 
traction of protoplasm caused by certain reagents. 
2. Pathological escape of the liquid contents 
of a bloodscorpuscle, causing it to shrink 3. 
Dissociation of the celbprotoplasm from the 
cell*wall, tplas-mo-lyt'ic. plas'mo-lyze.— plas'- 


mom, a solitary lupus*nodule largely made up 
of plasma cells. (Unna.)— plas-mo'ma, a fibro¬ 
plastic growth.— plas'mon, a lactated albuminous 
food.— plas-moph'a-gous, subsisting on proto¬ 
plasm: said of organisms causing the decompo¬ 
sition of organic matter.— plas-mor-rhex'is, the 
rupture of a cell with escape of its plasma; ery- 
throcytorrhexis.— plas-mos'chi-sis, the splitting 
of a cell, as in the case of the disk formation of 
blood*corpuscles; erythrocytoschisis. — plas'mo- 
some, one of granules making up the structure of 
cells.— plas-mo-ther'a-py, the therapeutic use of 
various plasmatic fluids.— plas-mo-tro'pism, the 
destruction and disintegration of erythrocytes 
in the liver, spleen, and marrow, after they have 
passed intact through the circulation, fplas-mo- 
trop'ic.— plas'mo-zyme = prothrombin. 

plas'O-der-ma-to'ses. Skin diseases marked by in¬ 
flammatory or nodular neoplasms. 

plas*o-der-mi'tis. An inflammatory neoplasm of the 
skin. 

plas'ome. One of the supposed elements of proto¬ 
plasm which give it its peculiar characters. 

plas'son. Primitive protoplasm; the protoplasm of 
a cystode or non*nucleated cell. [Gr. pres. part, 
of TT^doaeiv to form.] 

plas-taux'i a. An increase of plasticity in the blood 
or the tissues. [< Tc^.daaeiv to form -f ah^t] in¬ 
crease.] 

plas'tein. The coagulum formed by rennin from a 
mother*substance, plas-te-in'o-gen, of proteoses. 

plas'ter. i. =Emplastrum, under which the va¬ 
rieties are entered. P.sclover, sweet clover, or 
melilot, Melilo'tus ofjicina'lis, formerly used in 
making ointments and plasters. P. machine, a 
machine for spreading plasters. P. mull, a sheet 
of soft, undressed muslin, coated with gutta* 
percha, on which is spread the substance to be 
applied to the skin. 2. = Plaster of Paris. 
P. bandage, a bandage impregnated with plaster 
of Paris. P. jacket, a casing of plaster of Paris 
enveloping the trunk for correcting deformities. 
P. of Paris, the common name for partly calcined 
gypsum, or calcium sulphate: so called from its 
having been originally procured from Montmartre, 
in the vicinity of Paris. P. splint, a casing of 
plaster of Paris for a fractured limb. [ < Tr/Maror 
moulded.] fpla^s'tered, as P. tongue, a tongue 
covered with a very abundant fresh coating. 

plas'tic. Forming or having power to form; also, 
capable of being formed or moulded, as clay. P. 
bronchitis, ts- bronchitis. P. catalepsy, cata¬ 
lepsy in which the limbs will stay in any position 
in which they are placed; ceroplastic catalepsy; 
waxen catalepsy. P. exudation, an exudation 
upon a wounded surface that acts as a healing 
agent. P. force, the supposed force existing in 
all living bodies by which their tissues and organs 
are formed. P. infiltration, infiltration of such 
character that any normal growth may develop 
from it. P. inflammation, inflammation with 
the formation of a fibrinous exudate. P. iritis, 
IRITIS. P. linitis, cirrhosis of the stomach. 
P. lymph, inflammatory lymph which tends to co¬ 
agulate and become organized; plastic exudation. 
P. operation, an operation in which a lost or de¬ 
ficient part is restored by transplanting tissue 
from some adjacent part. P. phlebitis, &■ phle¬ 
bitis. P. pin, a pin used to fasten a piece of tis 
sue in a plastic operation. P. pleurisy, ts- pleu¬ 
risy. P. surgery, surgery which aims to supply 
deficiencies and remove superfluities. P. suture. 


PLASTICITY 


745 


PLATYSMA 


suture by making the wound in the form of a 
tongue which fits into a groove. The edges are 
secured by a looped thread passed through all the 
parts by two punctures, the ends of the thread 
being secured on a roll of adhesiv'e plaster or lead 
ribbon placed over the surface. [< L. plas'ticus, 
fr. TTAaoGEiv to form.] 

plas-tic'i-ty. The quality of being plastic. The 
aptitude or tendency of a proximate principle, 
aliment, or humor to render active and energetic 
the nutrition, development, and reproduction of 
anatomical elements. * 
plas'tid, plas-tid'i um. A cell or constructive unit, 
as Red p., a non^nucleated adult red bloodscor- 
puscle, [< TT/MGTog moulded.] 
plas'ti-dule. The smallest mass of protoplasm the¬ 
oretically possible, 
plas-ti-lyt'ic. Lessening plasticity, 
plas'tin. A nitrogenous proteid, one of the chief 
constituents of the spongiopl.\sm forming the 
framework within the celbprotoplasm. 
plas'to-. Denoting plasticity; plastic: a combining 
form. [< —/Marog moulded.] plas-to-col'y-sis, 
the arrest of development or of any natural plas¬ 
tic process.— plas*to-dy-na'mi a, constructive 
power; assimilative or plastic activity. tpl^s- 
to-dy-na'mic.— plas-tog'a-my, permanent cellular 
conjugation limited to the cytoplasm.— plas-to- 
pa'thi a, a disease of nutrition; disordered state of 
the assimilative powers.— plas’to-pro-lep'sis, pre¬ 
mature development of a part. 

-plasty. Plastic surgery of a part, as in rhino- 
PL.A.STY. t-plastic. 

plate. I Any flattened part or surface, especially 
one of bone; lamina*. Specially named varieties 
are Approximation (=bone=). Auditory, Axial, 
(= PRIMITIVE streak), Bloods (= BLOODsPLATE- 
let). Bones, Collecting, Cribriform, Dorsal, 
Ends, Equatorial, Floors, Foots, Frontal, 
Frontonasal, Generating, Lateral, Medul¬ 
lary or neural, Nuclear (= equatorial). Orbi¬ 
tal, P.\LATE, Palpebral or tarsal (= tarsal car¬ 
tilages), Tympanic, Visceral. P. cell, a forked 
cell with several nuclei found in young connec¬ 
tive tissue. P. culture, a culture made by spread¬ 
ing the bacteria and the culturesmedium, mixed 
together, on a glass plate. P. thrombus, a throm¬ 
bus formed by an accumulation of bloodsplates. 
2. In dentistry, the base of artificial teeth. P.s 
teeth, teeth intended for soldering and metal 
backing. [< TrAarvg broad.] 
plat-ei-as'mo; plat-i-as'mus. A defect in speech 
characterized by the vulgar term “ blobbers 
lipped,” and observed in persons with very thick 
and broad lips. [< 7 r?^aTvg broad.] 
plate'let. Bloodsplatelet. 

plat'e-trope. One of two symmetrical parts on 
opposite sides of the body; a lateral homo- 
logue. [ < TTAarvg broad -f rpk'Kciv to turn.] 

e-tropy. 

pla'ti-cul-ture. The rearing of bacteria, or other 
microsorganisms, in thin layers on glass: chiefly 
used in the diagnosis between different species, 
plat-i-ni-bro'mide. A salt of bromoplatinic acid, 
plat'i-node. The collecting plate or negative ele¬ 
ment of a battery. [< Platinum -f-oddf way.] 
plat'i-num. A valuable, rare, malleable, and ex¬ 
ceedingly ductile metallic element: sp. gr., 21.5; 
at. wt., 193.3 : sym., Pt. It occurs in a native or 
metallic state, usually combined with iridium, 
palladium, and osmium. Because it is one of the 
most infusible substances known and is insoluble 


in chemical agents, except nitrohydrochloric acid, 
it is extensively used in the manufacture of 
chemical apparatus, as crucibles, foils, wires, etc. 
In its metallic form it resembles silver in color 
but it also occurs as P. black, a fine black powder 
with great absorbing powers, especially for hy¬ 
drogen and oxygen, and as P. sponge, or spongy 
p., a spongy mass obtained by heating the dou¬ 
ble chloride of platinum and ammonium, and 
possessing the property of becoming incandescent 
by contact with hydrogen gas. P. chloride, a 
poisonous salt of platinum, PtCl^; chloroplatinic 
acid: used chiefly as a reagent for the detection 
of ammonium and potassium salts but also in 
syphilis. Dose, 0.008 to 0.03 Gm. to ^ gr.). 
[< Sp. platina, dim. plata silver.] 
containing platinum as a quadrivalent element, 
as P. chloride — platinum chloride, plat'i- 
noid. plat'i-nous, containing platinum as a biv¬ 
alent element. 

pla-top'ic. = Platyopic. 

Platt’s chlorides. A proprietary disinfectant of the 
chlorides of aluminum, sodium, zinc, calcium, and 
magnesium. 

plat'y-. Denoting flatness or broadness; flat: a 
combining form. [< 7r/orf'f flat.] plat-y-ba'sic, 
having the negative angle of Daubenton more 
than 80°.— plat-y-bra-chy-ce-phal'ic, both platy¬ 
cephalic and brachycephalic. — plat-y-breg'ma- 
tous, having a wide bregma. — plat*y-ce-phal'ic, 
plat-y-ceph'a-lous, having a flat or broad head; 
having a breadth ^height index of less than 70°. 
tplat'y-ce-pha'li a ; plat-y-ceph'a-ly. — plat-y- 
ceph'a-lus, a skull flattened or broadened by a 
deformity due to the fusion of the parietal 
and frontal bones. —- plat-yc-ne'mic, having 
broad and flat tibiae (as a person); being 
broad and flat (as a tibia). fpl^Pyc-ne'mi a; 
plat-yc-ne'mism. — plat-y-coe'lus, having ver¬ 
tebrae which are flat in front and concave 
behind. — plat-y-co'ri a, a dilated state of the 
pupil.— plat-y-cra'ni a, a flattened condition of 
the skull.— plat'y-cyte, a variety of cell seen in 
tubercle nodules, intermediate in size between a 
giant=cell and a leucocyte.— plat-y-glos'sal, hav¬ 
ing an unusually broad tongue.^— plat'y-hel-min'- 
thes, a group of worms embracing both the ces- 
tode and the trematode worms. fplat-y-hel'- 
minth. — plat-y-hi-er'ic, characterized by a sacrum 
the breadth of which exceeds the length.— plat- 
y-lo'bus, having broad lobes.— plat'y-mes-a-ti- 
ce-phal'ic, plat'y-mes-o-ce-phal'ic, both platyce¬ 
phalic and mesocephalic.— plat-y-mor'phi a, flat¬ 
ness of the eyeball with shortening of the antero¬ 
posterior diameter, often causing hypermetropia. 
ts- Bathymorphia. — plat-y-op'ic, broad across the 
face or eyes; having a nasomalar index less than 
107 5°' tplat'y-ope; plat-y-o'pi a.— plat-y-pel'- 
vic, -pel'lic, having an unusually wide pelvis.— 
plat-y-po'di a, flat-footed.— plat-y-py'gous, having 
unusually wide buttocks, tpl^t-y-pyg'i a. — plat'- 
yr-rhine, having a flat nose, or a nasal index of . 
from 51.1° to 58°: seen in Australians, Kaffirs, and 
Zulus, tplat-yr-rhin'i a; plat'yr-rhi-ny. plat-yr- 
rhin'i an. — plat-y-scop'ic, having a broad field of 
vision.— plat’ys-ten-ce-phal'ic, having great width 
in the occipital region and a prominent jaw: said 
of skulls. tplat*ys-ten-ce-pha'li a; plat-ys-ten- 
ceph'a-lism, -ceph'a-ly. 

pla-tys'ma. An expansion or dilatation. P. myoi'- 
des, the broad, thin subcutaneous muscle on the 
side of the neck ; platysma*. P. reflex, dilatation 


PL AX SCINDENS 


746 


PLEURESIA 


of the pupil caused by irritation of the platysma 
myoides. [< TxXaTvafin broad sheet, fr. TrXaTvvEiv 
to dilate.] 

Plax scin'dens- A vegetable micro=organism said 
to be found in the blood and urine of scarletsfever 
patients. 

plec'a-vol. A proprietary dental local anaesthetic 
and antiseptic. 

Plectrid'ium. A genus name for peritrichous varie¬ 
ties of motile microsorganisms: proposed by A. 
Fischer. 

plec'tron, -trum. The hammerslike form of certain 
bacilli during sporulation. [Gr., “hammer.”] 
pledg'et. A small compress or piece of lint rolled 
up into an oval or orbicular form, 
pleg-a-pho'ni a. The sound heard in the ausculta¬ 
tion of the chest when percussion is made upon 
the larynx, the glottis being open. [< TTAriyr] 
stroke -f foivrj sound.] 
ple-gom'e-ter. = Pleximeter. 
plei-o-chro'mi a. A form of icterus due to abnormal 
increase of bile and bile^pigment. 
plei-o-mas'ti a. = Pleomastia. [Hb.’og.] ’ 

Plenck’s solution. Mercury suspended in water by 
being rubbed thoroughly with gum arabic, 
plen'i-tude. The sensation of heaviness which is 
felt in the epigastrium when the stomach is 
too full; repletion. [< L. plenitu'do, fr. ple'nus 
full.] 

ple'o-. Denoting excess; more: a combining form. 
[< Tv'kkov more.] ple*o-ca-tan'tes, a term for a 
skull in which a line from the hormion to 
the staphylion makes an angle of from 45° 
to 67° with the radius fixus.— ple-och'ro-ism, 
the property of showing different colors when 
viewed along different axes. tplc’0“Chro-mat'ic. 

— ple*o-cy-to'sis, the cerebrospinal lymphocy¬ 
tosis of syphilis and parasyphilis.— ple-o-mas'- 
ti a, the condition of having several breasts 
or several nipples on one breast.— ple-o-ma'- 
zi a, the presence of three or more mammary 
glands; excess in the number of mammary 
glands. — ple-o-mor'phic, -phous, occurring in 
two or more distinct forms: said of crystals 
and of certain organisms. tpl®"0“^or'phism. 

— ple'o-nasm, a faulty formation, with an over¬ 
growth or over*number of‘parts.— ple-o-nex'i a, 
greediness, grasping selfishness, overbearing tem¬ 
per, or arrogance regarded as indications of 
cerebral or mental disease. tpl6-o-nec'tic. 

ple-ro-cer'coid. The larval stage of Dibothrioceph- 
ALUS LATUS. 

ple-ro'sis. i. Replacement, as by granulation, of 
lost tissue. 2. Plethora; oversfeeding. [< 7rA?/pw- 
GL<; filling.] tple-rot'ic. 

ples-i-o-mor'phous, -mor'phic. Similar in form: 
said of substances which crystallize in similar 
forms but are different in chemical composition. 
[< Tvh/a'iog near + fJ-op<p^ form.] tpl®s-i-o-mor'- 
phism. 

ples-i-o'pi a. Myopia due to continued strain in 
accommodation. [< TcTiTjaLog near cjip eye.] 
ples-saes-the'si a. A form of mediate percussion in 
which a finger of one hand is placed firmly against 
a body surface and percussed with a finger of 
the other hand, 
ples'ser. = Plexor. 

ples'si-graph . A form of pleximeter which enables 
more exact distinctions in percussion sounds and 
the mapping out on the skin of dull areas and 
organs by means of a* crayon. 

ples-sim'e-ter. = Pleximeter. fples-siin'e-try. 


ples'sor. = Plexor. 
pleth-o-me'ri a. A su 

[< TcXfjdog excess -f- fikpog part.] 
pleth'o-ra, pleth'o-ry. A condition characterized by 
fulness of the blood*vessels, strong heart*action 
and pulse, florid complexion, and general plump¬ 
ness of the body, due to increase in the quantity 
of the blood or, according to some, in the num¬ 
ber of red blood=corpuscles. P. abdomina'lis, en¬ 
largement of the blood-vessels in the abdominal 
cavity, especially those of the portal system, due 
to high living and sedentary habits. P. apocop'- 
lica, a plethoric condition following major opera¬ 
tions in which there is little loss of blood. P. 
hydrae'mica, plethora due to increase in the 
amount of blood following increase of its watery 
element alone. P. hyperalbumino'sa = hyper- 
ALBUMiNosis. P. polycythae'mica = polycyth.®- 
MiA. P. sero'sa, increase in the serous content of 
the blood. P. spu'ria, partial hyperaemia. P. 
ve'ra or sanguin'ea, plethora due to transfusion 
of blood. [< 7 r?J/ 0 eiv to be full.] 
as P. dysmenorrhcea, dysmenorrhcea: P. habit, 
apoplectic habit; plethora; P. headache, head¬ 
ache due to plethora. 

ple-thys'mo-graph. An instrument that records the 
volume-pulse or the variations in the size of a 
part, due to the quantity of blood in it. The 
record made is called a ple-thys'mo-gram. [< 
vrTiridvapog enlargement + ypac^ELv to record.] 
pleth'y-sphyg'mo-graph. An instrument to record 
the fulness of the pulse. 

pleu'ra. A serous glistening membrane, covering 
the walls and viscera of the thoracic cavity. It 
is divided into two portions by the mediastinum, 
each sac being complete in itself, one part cover¬ 
ing the lungs (P. pulmonalis* or pulmonary p.) 
and the other, the walls of the space occupied by 
the lungs (P. parietalis* or parietal p.). Accord¬ 
ing to the parts covered, other portions of the 
pleura are known as Costal (P. costalis*), Dia¬ 
phragmatic (P. diaphragmatica*), Mediastinal (P. 
mediastinalis*), and Pericardial (P. pericardi- 
aca*). [< TT^Evpa side; also a rib.] 
pleu'ral. Relating to the pleura. P. arteries, 
branches of the intercostal arteries ramifying be¬ 
neath the pleura, and forming a plexus by anas¬ 
tomosis with similar branches above and below. 
P. cavity, the space between the two layers of the 
pleura; cavum pleurce*. P. eclampsia or epilepsy, 
convulsions sometimes occurring after washing 
out of the pleural cavity. P. rale, a pleural fric¬ 
tion-sound. P. reflex, any reflex nervous symp¬ 
tom following the removal of a pleural effusion. 
P. sac, the sac formed by the pleura of a lung. 
It is developed from the pulmonary anlage, which 
pushes the peritoneum before it as it projects into 
the body cavity. 

pleu-ral'gi a, pleu-ral'gy. Pain in the pleura, or side, 
tpleu-ral'gic. 

pleu-ra-poph'y-sis. Homologue of the costal process 
or lateral part on either side of the vertebra. [ < 
Tclevpa side -f- (nroipvaig offshoot.] tpleu‘rap-o- 
phys'i al. 

pleu'rap-o-ste'ma. An apostema, or abscess, in the 
pleura. [< rz^ievpa. side -f d.'Koarrjp.a apostema.] 
pleu-rar-throc'a-ce. Caries of a rib-joint, 
pleu-rar'thron, -thrum. The articulation of a rib. 
pleu-rec'to-my. Excision of a part of the pleura, 
pleu-ren'chy-ma. Woody tissue, consisting of tough 
slender tubes, or woody fibre, 
pleu-re'si a, pleu-ri'sis. = Pleurisy. 


perfluity, or excess, of parts; 


PLEURIC 


747 


PLEXUS 


pleuMc. Belonging to the pleura, 
pleu'ri-sy. Inflammation of the pleura, with exu¬ 
dation upon its surface or into its cavity; pleu- 
resia; pleuritis. It may be either chrome or acute 
and according to the character of the exudate, 
three principal forms are distinguished: (i) Dry, 
fibrinous, or plastic p., when there is little liquid 
effusion, or when it is mostly fibrinous; (2) sero¬ 
fibrinous p. or P. with effusion, when there is a 
serous effusion; and (3) Purulent p. or empyema, 
when the exudate is purulent. Some of the symp¬ 
toms are shooting pains in the side, aggravated in 
coughing and breathing, dyspnoea, dry cough, and 
fever, Skodaic resonance. Quinine and mor¬ 
phine given in sufficient quantity at the outset 
may abort the disease. Aconite is said to be a 
valuable remedy for the febrile stage. Special 
varieties are Chyliform, Costopulmonary, Dia¬ 
phragmatic, Double, Encysted, False (=pleu- 
rodynia). Hemorrhagic, Ichorous, Latent, 
Metapneumonic, Primary, Pulsatile (t^ pulsa¬ 
ting empyema). Putrid, Secondary, Serous. 
P. defor'mans, contraction of the hypertrophied 
fibrocartilaginous pleura, due to repeated exuda¬ 
tions, with retraction of the lung tissues beneath 
and sinking in of the thorax. [ Gr. irTicvplTiQ.'\ 
tpleu-rit'ic, as P. effusion. 
pleu'ri-sysroot . The root of Ascle'pias tubero'sa. 
pleu-ri'tis. = Pleurisy. 

pleu'ro-. Relating to the pleura or to the side: a 
combining form. [< nXeupd a side.] pleu'ro- 
cele, diaphragmatic hernia; pneumonocele. — 
pleu*ro-cen-te'sis, surgical puncture of the pleura. 

— pleu-ro-cen'trum, the lateral element of the 
vertebral column, fpleu-ro-cen'tral. — pleu-roc'- 
ly-sis, injection of fluids into the pleural cavity.— 
pleuTO-coe-na-del'phus, a double monster joined 
by one side of each trunk.— pleu-ro-col'ic liga- 
ment=cosTOCOLic ligament. —pleuTO-col-le'sis, 
the adhesion of contiguous surfaces of the pleura. 

— pleu* ro-cu-ta'ne ous, relating to the pleura and 
the skin.— pleu-ro-dyn'i a, intercostal or pectoral 
myalgia/, external (rheumatic) pain in the side; 
muscular rheumatism or cramp affecting the 
chestswall; false pleurisy, Myalgia, tpleu- 
ro-dyn'ic. — pleu-ro-gen'ic, pleu-rog'e-nous, tak¬ 
ing origin from the pleura.— pleu*ro-hep-a-ti'tis, 
inflammation of the liver (hepatitis), with local 
pleuritis. — pleu'ro-lith, a concretion sometimes 
occurring in the pleura.— pleu-rom'e-lus, pleu’- 
ro-me-loph'o-rus, a monstersfoetus having limbs 
attached to the side of the body.— pleu* rosoe-so- 
pha-ge'us, a band of unstriped muscle extending 
from the left pleura to the oesophagus.— pleu-ro- 
pa'thia, a disease involving the pleura*— pleuTo- 
per-i-car'di al, relating to both the pleura and the 
pericardium, as P. friction sound, a sound heard 
near the apex of the heart in some cases of 
pleurisy, supposed to be due to the rubbing 
against each other of pleural and pericardial sur¬ 
faces: P. membrane, an embryological membrane 
which completes the separation between the 
heart* and lung*sacs. [H P. ’07.] — pleuTO-per- 
i-car-di'tis, combined pleurisy and pericarditis. 

— pleu*ro-per-i-pneu-mo'ni a = pleuropneumo¬ 
nia.— pleuTO-per-i-to-ne'um, the pleura and the 
peritoneum considered as one membrane; the 
lining of the body*cavity. tpleu*ro-per-i-to-ne'al, 
as P. cavity or space, the body*cavity, or coelom; 
the intermesoblastic space. — pleu-roph'o-rous, 
supplied with a membrane.— pleu-ro-ple'gi a, loss 
of the power to make conjugate lateral move¬ 


ments of the eyes; ophthalmopleuroplegia. —■ 
pleuTO-pneu-mo'ni a, a combination of inflamma¬ 
tion of the pleura and of the lung itself, especially 
a contagious variety, of bacterial origin, occurring 
in cattle. Pleuropneumonia implies that the 
two morbid conditions are actually associated 
in various degrees, giving rise to their respec¬ 
tive pathological changes, and each influenc¬ 
ing the symptoms and physical signs.— pleu*- 
ro-py-e'sis = pyothorax. — pleu-ror-rhoe'a, an 
exudation from, or collection of fluid within, the 
pleura.— pleuTor-thop-noe'a, pleuritis in which 
the patient can breathe only when sitting erect. 
—pleu-ro-so'mus, a single monster with eventra¬ 
tion of the side, extending from the abdomen to 
the chest, with atrophy of the arm on the imper¬ 
fect side, tpleu-ro-so'mi a.—pleu'ro-spasm, spasm 
in the side.— pleu-ros-to'sis, calcification of the 
pleura.— pleu-ro-thot'o-nos,-tet'a-nos, the bend¬ 
ing of the body to one side; a variety of tetanic 
spasm. tpl®u*-ro-tho-ton'ic, -te-tan'ic.— pleu- 
rot'o-my, surgical incision of the pleura, 
Thoracotomy. — pleu*ro-trans-ver-sa'lis, an oc¬ 
casional muscular slip arising from the transverse 
process of the seventh cervical vertebra and in¬ 
serted into the apex of the pleural sac.— pleu- 
ro-ty'phoid, acute pleuritis complicated with 
typhoid fever.— pleu-ro-vis'ce-ral, relating to the 
pleura and viscera. 

plex'al. Relating to a plexus. 

plex'i-form. Resembling a plexus. P. ganglion = 
GASSERIAN GANGLION. P. gland, Peyer’s patch. 
P. neuroma, a plexus*like enlargement of the 
peripheral nerves. 

plex-im'e-ter. i. A flat piece of ivory, or a circular 
piece of sole*leather, by means of which mediate 



Sansom’s Pleximeter. —An im¬ 
proved form, adapted for use in 
the interspaces between the 
ribs. Nearly full size. 


Pleximete r.— 
About half size. 
It may be con¬ 
veniently made 
of hard rubber. 


PERCUSSION is performed. 2. A glass plate for 
application to the skin in order to ascertain its 
condition on pressure. [< n at) stroke + perpuv 
measure.] tpl®x-i-met'ric. plex-im'e-try. 
plex'or. A hammer for percussion, 
plex'us*. A network. The intertwining and in¬ 
tercommunication of the vessels and nerves of 
the various parts of the body, more especially of 
the nerves. In this dictionary the individual 
plexuses are for the mcMit part entered under the 
adjective title, as brachial plexus under brachial, 
or given below under their Latin names. P. an- 
nula'ris, the nervous'plexus encircling the corneal 
margin. P. anseri'nus = pes anserinus. P. 
anseri'nus ner'vi media'ni, bundles from the 
eighth cervical nerve going to form the median 
nerve. P. aor'ticus abdomina'lis* or thoraca'lis*, 
ts - aortic plexus. P. articula'ris, a small plexus 
of veins near the outer aspect of the temporo- 


























PLICA 


748 


PLUMBAGE 


maxillary articulation. P. axilla'ris = brachial 
PLEXUS. P. basila'ris* = TRANSVERSE SINUS. P. 
brachia'lis* = BRACHIAL plexus. P. cardi'acus* 
= CARDIAC PLEXUS. P. carot'icus commu'nis*, 
exter'nus*, and inter'nus*, carotid plexus. 
P. caverno'sus* = CAVERNOUS plexus, def. i. 
P. caverno'sus clitor'idis* or pe'nis*==CAVERNOus 
PLEXUS, def. 2. P. cervica'lis*= CERVICAL plex¬ 
us. P. chorioi'deus ventric'uli latera'lis*, quar'- 
ti*, or ter'tii*, chorioid plexus. P. coccyg'- 

eUS* = COCCYGEAL PLEXUS. P. COeli'aCUS* = CCELI- 

Ac PLEXUS. P. corona'rius cor'dis ante'rior* or 
poste'rior*, coronary plexus. P. denta'lis 
infe'rior* or supe'rior*, dental plexus. P. 
ganglifor'mis, the ganglion of the trunk of the 
vagus nerve. P. ganglio'sus, one of several small 
plexuses at the junction of the spinal nerves and 
the inferior hypogastric plexus. P. gas'tricus an¬ 
te'rior*, infe'rior*, poste'rior*, or supe'rior*, dif¬ 
ferent portions of the gastric coronary plex¬ 
us. P. gu'lae •= OESOPHAGEAL PLEXUS. P. haem- 
orrhoida'lis me'dius* or supe'rior*, hemor¬ 
rhoidal PLEXUS. P. hepat'iCUS*=HEPATIC PLEX¬ 
US. P. hypogas'tricus* = HYPOGASTRIC plexus. 
P. ili'acus* = ILIAC plexus. P. ischiad'icus, the 
upper part of the sacral plexus; the sciatic plex¬ 
us. P. liena'lis*= SPLENIC plexus. P. lingua'- 
lis*= lingual plexus. P. lumba'lis*= lumbar 
plexus. P. mesenter'icus infe'rior* = mesen¬ 
teric PLEXUS, INFERIOR. P. mesenter'icus su¬ 
perior* = mesenteric PLEXUS, superior. P. 
mirab'ilis, the choroid plexus. P. myenter'icus* 
=Auerbach’s plexus. P. nodo'sus, the ganglion 
of the trunk of the vagus nerve. P. oesopha'- 
geus ante'rior* or poste'rior*, oesophageal 
PLEXUS. P. Ophthal'miCUS* = OPHTHALMIC PLEX¬ 
US. P. pampinifor'mis*, the plexus of veins about 
the spermatic cord or ovary; corpus pampini- 
forme. P. parotide'us* = pes anserinus. P. 
patel'lae = patellar plexus. P. pharyn'geus*, 

PHARYNGEAL PLEXUS. P. phren'iCUS*= PHREN¬ 
IC PLEXUS. P. poplite'us* = POPLITEAL PLEX¬ 
US. P. prostat'icus* = PROSTATIC plexus, def. 2. 
P. pterygoi'deus* = PTERYGOID plexus. P. pu- 
denda'lis* — pudendal plexus, def. 2. P. pu- 
den'dus* = PUDENDAL PLEXUS, def. i. P. pul- 
mona'lis ante'rior* or posterior*, pulmonary 
PLEXUS. P. rena'lis* = RENAL plexus. P. re- 
ticula'ris, the network of vessels situated below 
the fornix of the brain. P. sacra'lis* = sa¬ 
cral PLEXUS. P. sola'ris = SOLAR plexus. P. 
spermat'icus* = spermatic plexus, def. i. P. 
submuco'sus* = Meissner’s ganglion. P. su- 
prarena'lis* = SUPRARENAL plexus. P. thyre- 
oi'deus infe'rior* = THYROID plexus, inferior. 
P. thyreoi'deus supe'rior* = thyroid plexus, 
SUPERIOR. P. tympan'icus [Jacobso'ni ]* = tym¬ 
panic PLEXUS. P. uterovagina'lis* = UTEROVAG¬ 
INAL plexus. P. vertebra'lis* = vertebral 
PLEXUS. P. vesica'lis* = vesical plexus. 
pli'ca*, pi. plt'ccB. I. A fold. Pli'cae ala'res*=ALAR 
LIGAMENTS. P. aryepiglot'tica* = ARYEPIGLOTTIC 
FOLD. Pli'cae circula'fes [Kerkrin'gi]* or conni- 
ven'tes = VALVULE conniventes. Pli'ca cor'- 
poris cilia'ris = CILIARY processes. P. duodeno- 
jejuna'lis* = DUODENOJEJUNAL FOLD. P. epigas'- 
trica* = epigastric fold. P. gastropancreat'ica* 

= GASTROPANCREATIC LIGAMENT. P. gloSSOsepi- 

glot'tica latera'lis* or media'na*, glosso*epi- 
GLOTTic FOLDS. P. lacrima'Us [Has'neri*] = 
Hasner’s valve. Pli'cae palma'tae*, certain pli¬ 
cations of the mucous membrane within the canal 


of the cervix uteri; palmate folds. P. rectosuteri'- 

na [DoUgla'si]*= RECTO = UTERINE FOLD. P. sal- 

pingopalati'na* = salpingopalatal fold. P. 
semiluna'ris conjuncti'vae*, a slight duplicature of 
the conjunctiva on the outer side of the carun- 
cula lachrymalis; the rudiment of - the nictitating 
membrane or the third lid of animals. Pli'cae 
semiluna'res = SEMILUNARES douglasi. Pli'cae 
semiluna'res co'li*, semilunar folds of the colon. 
P. synovia'lis patella'ris*, synovial fold. 
Pli'cae transversa'lis rec'ti* = Houston’s v.\lves. 
P. ureter'ica, a fold of mucous membrane pass¬ 
ing from the opening of the ureter to the median 
line of the bladder. P. ventricula'ris* or voca'lis*, 
VOCAL BANDS. P. va'teri = VaTER’s FOLD. 2. 
Knitted or plaited hair, a condition, not a disease 
per se, in which the hair becomes inextricably 
knitted and glued together: due to filth, unclean¬ 
liness, vermin, etc. P. neuropath'ica or polo'nica 
= PLICA, def. 2. tpli'cate. pli-ca'tion. 
pli-ca-den'tin. A modification of the fundamental 
tissue of teeth, in which, on a transverse section, 
the dentin exhibits sinuous wavings diverging 
from the central pulp=cavity of the tooth, 
pli' cae. The plural of plica. [L.] 
plicateur (pli-ca-ter). An instrument for the re¬ 
moval of foreign bodies from the bladder. [F.] 
pli-cot'o-my. Sur¬ 
gical section of 
the posterior fold 
of the tympanic 
membrane. 

Plim'mer’s bodies. 

Vesicular struc¬ 
tures in cancer 
cells, more or less 
closely r e s e m - 
bling spermatids 
and supposed by 
some to be the 
etiological factor 
in carcinoma. 

Ploca'ria can'dida. An algaceous plant yielding a 
kind of AGAR ; Ceylon moss, 
plomb. A plug or filling for a cavity. Iodoform p., 
a sterilized preparation of iodoform, spermaceti, 
and oil of sesame which is heated and poured into 
bone=cavities, as after excision for tuberculosis 
or osteomyelitis, and allowed to solidify for the 
purpose of preventing bacterial infection. [< F. 
ploniber to plug.] 
plom-bie'rin. =Glairin. 

Plombierung (plom-bir'ung). The filling of a cavity, 
as with iodoform plomb. 
plo-ra'tion. = Lachrymation. 
plough'share bone. = Vomer*. 
plug. The heart, liver, and “ lights ” of an animal, 
plug. An irregular mass or lump, especially the 
filling of a tooth, but becoming obsolete in this 
sense. i^Dittrich’s ps., Imlach’s fatsp. fplug'- 
ger, a dentist’s hammer or other tool used in 
plugging a tooth, plug'ging. i. The operation 
of filling the cavity in a carious tooth. 2. The 
operation of inserting pieces of rag, sponge, or 
the like, for the purpose of stopping hemorrhage, 
as into the vagina, the nostrils, wounds, etc. 
plum. The fruit of Pru'nus domes'tica: when dried 
and preserved called a prune or French plum, 
plum-a-ce'o-lum. A charpie of prepared linen, 
plum'bage. The plugging of a cavity, as in a bone 
or a tooth, with soft material which afterward 
hardens; obturation. 



Plimmer’s Bodies. (Moore and 
Walker.) 



PLUMBAGO 


749 


PNEUMA- 


Plum-ba^go. i. —Graphite. 2. A genus of 
plants, the leadworts. P. europae'a, leadwort, an 
herbaceous plant, a native of Europe; Dentaria: 
sometimes used as an emetic and externally as a 
caustic and vesicatory. From its root is obtained 
plum-ba'gin, an acrid, yellow, crystalline principle, 
plum'bate. A combination of plumbic oxide with 
another oxide, with regard to which it acts the 
part of an acid. 

plum'bi. The genitive of plum'bum, lead. P. 
ace'tas*, “ lead acetate ” or sugar of lead, 
Pb(C2H302)2.3H20, occurring in colorless crystals 
which effloresce on exposure to the air. In 
medicinal doses, it is a powerful astringent and 
sedative, and given in hemorrhages and in diar¬ 
rhoea ; in overdoses, it is an irritant poison; and 
in minute doses long continued it sometimes pro¬ 
duces LEAD COLIC and lead palsy. Dose, 0.065 
Gm. (i gr.). Emplastrum plumbi*; liquor 
PLUMBi suBACETATis*. P. carbo'nas, “lead car¬ 
bonate,” the 1890 U. S. P. name for white lead, a 
heavy, white, opaque powder or pulverulent mass, 
Pb(C03)2.Pb(0H2), permanent in the air, odor¬ 
less, tasteless, and insoluble in water or alcohol, 
but soluble with effervescence in diluted nitric 
acid; used as an external application to excoriated 
and inflamed surfaces, Unguentum plumbi 
CARBONAT is. P. iod'idum*, “ lead iodide,” a 
heavy, bright citronsyellow powder, Pbl,, per¬ 
manent in the air, odorless and tasteless, and of a 
neutral reaction. This compound is supposed to 
have the resolvent properties of iodine combined 
with those which are peculiar to lead. Dose, 
0.016 to 0.065 (4 I gr.), to be used 

with great caution. P. ni'tras*, “ lead nitrate,” 
Pb(N03).2, colorless, transparent or white, nearly 
opaque, octahedral crystals, permanent in the 
air, and of a sweetish, astringent, afterward 
metallic, taste: used as a disinfectant and an ap¬ 
plication to putrid and indolent ulcers. Dose, 

O. 016 to 0.032 Gm. to 4 gr.), to be used with 
caution. P. ox'idum*, “ lead oxide” or litharge, 
PbQii a heavy, yellowish or reddish^yellow pow- 
dei;, or minute scales, odorless, 1;asteless, and in¬ 
soluble in water or alcohol; semis vitrified oxide 
of lead. It is not to be used internally, but is 
employed in the preparation of Emplasirum 
plumbi of the 1890 U. S. P., which forms the base 
of many other plasters. P. ox'idum ru'brum = 

LEAD TETROXIDE. P. Sac'charaS = LEAD SAC- 
CHARATE. P. tan'nas, “lead tannate,” a brown- 
ishsyellow, amorphous, odorless powder: used as 
an astringent and antiseptic, 
plum'bic. Belonging to or containing lead, 
plum'bism. Chronic lead poisoning: attended with 
the blue line on the gums, wristsdrop, anaemia, etc. 
plum'bite. In general, any compound of lead oxide 
united with a base. 

plumb'sline sign. =Pitres’s sign, def. i. 
plum'bum, gen. plum'bi. The Latin term for lead. 

P. al'bum = TiN. 

Plume'rla fal'lax. Amapasmilk. 
plu'mi-form. Like a plume or feather. 

Plum'mer’spills. =Pilulae antimonii composit.,®. 
plum'met. A bolus of lead or metallic antimony 
formerly given for obstinate constipation, 
plu'mose. Feathery, as a bacterial growth, 
plump'ers. Devices for extending the cheeks and 
giving the appearance of youth: often attached 
to the artificial denture. 

plu'mu-la. A series of minute transverse fibres in 
the roof of the aqueduct of Sylvius. 


plunge'sbath. A bath, or mode of bathing, in which 
the whole body is immersed. 

plu'ral. More than one. P. birth, a birth in which 
more than one child is born. P. pregnancy, preg¬ 
nancy with more than one foetus. [< L. plus 
more.] fplu-ral'i-ty. 

plu'ri-. Denoting plurality; more; multi-; poly-: 
a combining form. [< L. plus more.] plu-ri- 
cor'do-nal, having several processes, as P. cell, 
a stellate cell found in the posterior cornu of the 
spinal cord and resembling a cell found in the 
embryonic pigeon.— plu-ri-fe-ta'tion = multife¬ 
tation. —plu-ri-loc'u-lar = multilocular. —plu- 
ri-mam'mate, having more than one’ breast, 
Polymastia. — plu-ri-nu'cle ate, having more than 
one nucleus.— plu-rip'a-ra, a woman who has 
borne several children; multipara, tplu-ri-par'- 
i-ty. plu-rip'a-rous.— plu-ri-po'lar, having several 
poles, as P. karyokinesis or mitosis, karyokinesis 
in which the nucleus divides into more than two 
sets of chromosomes or asters.— plu-ri-se'ri al, 
composed of several series.— plu'ri-sy, an obsolete 
synonym for a plethoric state; plethora.— plu- 
riv'a-lent = multivalent. 

plu-to-ma'ni a. A kind of delirium of grandeur in 
which the patient believes himself to be very rich. 
[< TrAourof wealth + juavla madness.] 

plu-vi-om'e-try. The measurement of rain^fall. 
[< L. plu'via rain -f- pirpov a measure.] fplu-vi- 
om'e-ter. plu-vi-o-met'ric. 

plyn-tri-op-so'ra. A scaly or psoriatic disease affect¬ 
ing washerwomen. [ < rcAvvrpia washerwoman -F 
ip/jpa scurvy.] 

pneo- (ni'o-). Relating to respiration: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< TTVEiv to breathe.] pne’o-dy-nam'- 
ics, the dynamics of breathing; the mechanism of 
the respiratory organs.— pne-o-gas'ter, the respir¬ 
atory organs collectively viewed as a specialized 
portion of the embryonic digestive tract, tpne- 
o-gas'tric. — pne'o-graph, a device by which the 
current of expired air is made to effect a tracing 
for use in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease.— 
pne-om'e-ter, a kind of spirometer, or device for 
measuring the volume of air inspired and expired, 
tpne-om'e-try. — pne'o-phore, an instrument aid¬ 
ing in the production of artificial respiration.— 
pne'o-scope, an instrument used in measuring the 
thoracic movements. 

pneuma-, pneumato- (niu'ma-, niu'ma-to-). Relat¬ 
ing to air, gas, or breath; sometimes to the 
lungs; a combining form. r^PNEUMO-; pneu- 
MONO-. {< TTVEvpa pneu*ma-ga-lac'to-cele, 

a galactocele in which air is present.— pneu’ma- 
pos-te'ma, an abscess, or apostema, of the lung. 

— pneu-mar-thro'sis, a secretion of gas within the 
joints, which disappears spontaneously, and fre¬ 
quently in the course of a few days, or even a few 
hours.— pneu'ma-scope, an instrument for meas¬ 
uring the thoracic respiratory movements. — 
pneu’ma-te-lec'ta-sis = atelectasis pulmonum. 

— pneu'ma-thae'mi a, the presence of air in the 
blood-vessels.— pneu-ma-tho'rax = pneumotho¬ 
rax. — pneu-mat'ic, pertaining to air or to res¬ 
piration, as P. aspirator, aspirator: P. cab¬ 
inet, a cabinet for enclosing the whole or a part 
of the body in order to subject it to the influence 
of compressed or rarefied air; P. differentiation, 
treatment of disease by the inhalation of air 
which is more rarefied than that surrounding the 
body: P. medicine, treatment of disease by fumi¬ 
gation and by the inhalation of vapors and gases; 
P. occlusion, a method of dressing .stumps consist- 


PNEUMECTOMY 


750 


PNEUMO- 


ing in draining the wound by aspiration: P. phy¬ 
sicians, a sect or vSchool (founded by Athenseus) 
who imagined that there existed an immaterial 
principle or element, which they called pneuma, 
on which they conceived health and disease to 
depend: P. speculum, j^Siegle’s otoscope: P. 
treatment, treatment of cardiac and pulmonary 
affections by the breathing, etc., of compressed 
or rarefied air: and P. trough, a trough containing 
water for collecting gases. — pneu’ma-tin-u'ri a 
= PNEUMATURiA. — pneu*ma-to-car'di a, the pres¬ 
ence of air in the heart.— pneu-mat'o-cele. i. 
Any kind of hernia filled with flatus; a collec¬ 
tion of air'in the tissues; emphysema, as P. cap'- 
itis — PNEUMATOCEPHALUS. 2. Hernia of the 
lung.— pneu*ma-to-ceph'a-lus, a pneumatocele of 
the head, involving the cells of the mastoid 
process, or frontal sinus.— pneu*ma-to-chem'ic. 
I. Relating to the chemistry of gases. 2. Relat¬ 
ing to the treatment by inhalation of medicated 
vapors in diseases of the lungs. — pneu'ma-to- 
dys-pnce'a, emphysematous dyspnoea. — pneu- 
ma-tog'e-ny, artificial respiration.— pneu'ma-to- 
gram, the tracing or record made by a recording 
pneumatometer or spirometer. — pneu'ma-to- 
graph = PNEUMOGRAPH. — pneu-ma-tol'o-gy, the 
science of gases and their therapeutic application. 
— pneu-ma-tom'e-ter, an instrument for meas¬ 
uring the quantity of air inhaled or exhaled at 
a single breath, fp^eu-ma-torn'e-try. — pneu- 
ma-tom'pha-los, pneu'ma-tom-phal'o-cele, a her¬ 
nia at the navel containing air or gas.— pneu- 
ma-top'a-thy, the so-called mind^cure; cure by 
appeal to the mind of the patient. — pneu‘ma-to- 
per-i-car'di um = pneumopericardium. — pneu*- 
ma-tor-rha'chis, a collection of gas within the 
vertebral canal.— pneu-mat'o-scope. i. An in¬ 
strument for measuring the gases of the expired 
air. 2. An instrument for internal auscultation 
of the respiratory cavity. 3. An instrument for 
determining the presence of foreign bodies in the 
airscells of the mastoid process of the temporal 
bone. 4. = Pneumograph. — pneu-ma-to'sis, 
windy swelling; an accumulation of air or gas. 

Flatulence ; meteorism. — pneu’ma-to-ther'- 
a-py, treatment of disease by means of compressed 
or rarefied air. — pneu*ma-to-tho'rax = pneumo¬ 
thorax. — pneu-ma-tot'o-my = pneumotomy. — 
pneu-ma-tu'ri a, the passage of urine charged 
with gas, the latter arising either from an internal 
fistula or from chemical decomposition within the 
bladder.— pneu'ma-type, the deposition of mois¬ 
ture on a piece of glass from the air exhaled 
through the nostrils; breath picture: used in 
diagnosing nasal obstruction, 
pneu-mec'to-my. Excision of lungstissue. [ < ttvev- 
fiov lung -f EKTOfiT] excision.] 
pneu'mic. Belonging to the lungs. P. acid, an acid 
found in the tissues of the lungs. It decomposes 
the bicarbonates in the blood, and sets free the 
carbonic acid. [< TrvEVjuLiov lung.] 
pneu'min. A condensation=product of creosote and 
formaldehyde; methylenecreosote: used in tuber¬ 
culosis. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (8 grs.). 
pneumo-, pneumono- (niu'mo-, niu'mo-no-). Re¬ 
lating or pertaining to the lungs; sometimes to gas 
or air: a combining form. i^Aero-; pneuma-; 
PULMO-. [< TzvEv/iKJv lung.] pneu-Hio-arc'ti a, 
stenosis of the lungs.— pneu'mo-ba-ciFlin, -bac'- 
te-rin, therapeutic preparations of the organisms 
of pneumonia.— pneu*mo-ba-cil'lus, the Bacil'lus 
pneumo'nice, found in the lungs in croupous 


pneumonia. —pneu-mo-buFbous asthma, asthma 
caused by stimulating the pulmonary branches 
of the pneumogastric nerve.— pneu'mo-cele = 
pneumatocele. — pneu*mo-cen-te'sis, paracente¬ 
sis or puncture of the lung. — pneu-mo-ceph^a-lus 
== PNEUMATOCEPHALUS. — pneu-mo-chcm'ic = 
PNEUMATOCHEMic. — pneu’mo-chi-rur'gi a, chi- 
rurgy of the lungs. — pneu-mo-coc'cus, a common 
bacterium occurring in the mouth and lungs and 
causing pneumonia; Dip- 
lococ'cus lanceola'tus or D. 
pneumonice; Micrococ'cus 
pneumo'nice; Frankel’s 
pneumonococcus. The 
species P. ja'vens, gutta- 
ccr'ci, and lichenoi'des are 
found in pleuropneumonia 
of cattle, tpiieu’mo-coc- 
cae'mi a, the presence of 
pneumococci in the blood. 

— pneu-mo-coc'ci a, infec¬ 
tion with pneumococci in 
general.— pneu-mo-coc'- 
cous, as P. salpingitis, 
salpingitis due to infec¬ 
tion with pneumococci.— 
pneu'mo-co-ni-o'sis = pneumokoniosis. — Pneu- 
moco'sis aspergilli'na. \^J.A.M.A. j. ’06.] — 
pneu-mo-der'ma, air beneath the skin; subcutane¬ 
ous emphysema.— pneu*mo-dy-nam'ics = pneo- 
DYNAMics.— pneu'mosen-te-ri'tis, combined pneu¬ 
monia and enteritis. — pneu’moser-y-sip'e-las, 
combined pneumonia and erysipelas.— pneu'mo- 
ga-lac'to-cele = pneumagalactocele. — pneu- 
mo-gas'tric, relating or belonging to the lungs and 
stomach, as P. aurae, the epigastric sensations, as 
those not unlike heart=burn, which precede epi¬ 
leptic seizure: P. lobe or lobule, the flocculus of 
the cerebellum: P. nerves, the tenth pair of nerves, 
distributed to the lungs and stomach; par vagum ; 
nervi vagi*. Each one originates from a nucleus 
in the floor of the fourth ventricle; it leaves the 
cranium by the jugular foramen; receives branches 
from the spinal,accessory, facial, hypoglossal, and 
cervical nerves; and aids in forming the pharyn¬ 
geal, laryngeal, pulmonary, and oesophageal plex¬ 
uses. Of all the cranial nerves it has the most ex¬ 
tensive distribution, supplying principally the 
pharynx, larynx, lungs, heart, oesophagus, and 
stomach. — pneu'mo-gram = pneumatogram. — 
pneu'mo-graph, an instrument for recording the 
movements of respiration.— pneu-mog'ra-phy, an 
anatomical description of the lungs.— pneu'mo- 
haem-or-rha'gi a, effusion of blood into the sub¬ 
stance of the lung; pulmonary apoplexy. — 
pneu*mo-haem-o-tho'rax, a gathering or the pres¬ 
ence of air or gas and blood in the pleural sac. 
— pneu*mo-hy-dro-me'tra, a collection of gas and 
liquid in the womb.— pneu'mo-hy-dro-per-i-car'- 
di um, a collection of gas and liquid in the cavity 
of the pericardium. — pneu'mo-hy-dro-tho'rax, 
the presence, or a collection, of air or gas and water 
in the thoracic or pleural cavity.— pneu*mo-ko- 
ni-o'sis, -co-ni-o'sis, disease of the lungs due to 
the inhalation of dust, as of coal, metal, stone, 
tobacco, etc. ^ Anthracosis ; chalicosis; 
siDEROsis; grinder’s disease; etc.— pneu'- 
mo-lith, a pulmonary calculus or concretion, 
tpneu-mo-li-thi'a-sis. — pneu-mol'o-gy, a trea¬ 
tise on the lungs, the science of the lungs.— 
pneu*mo-ma-la'ci a, morbid softness of the lungs 
tissue.— pneu*mo-mas-sage', massage by means 



PNEUMO- 


751 


PNEUMONIA 


of airspressure, especially of the tympanum, 
Otomassage. — pneu-mo-mel-a-no'sis = pneumo¬ 
nomelanosis. — pneu-mom'e-ter = pneumatom- 
ETER. — pneu-mo-my-co'sis, lung disease due to 
pathogenic fungi.— pneu-mo-nae'mi a, congestion 
of blood in the lungs.— pneu-mo-nal'gi a, pain in 
the lungs.— pneu-mo-nec-ta'si a, -nec'ta-sis, em¬ 
physema of the lung.— pneu-mo-nec'to-my, exci¬ 
sion of a portion of lung, as in gangrene, hernia, 
etc. — pneu-mo'ni a, see entry in vocabulary 
place at the end of this list.— pneu’mo-no-car- 
ci-no'ma, cancer of the lung.— pneu'mo-no-cele, 
a hernia or protrusion of the lung.— pneu*mo- 
no-cir-rho'sis, cirrhosis of a lung or portion of 
lung. — pneu-mo-no-co-ni-o'sis, -ko-ni-o'sis = 
PNEUMOKONiosis. — pneu*mo-no-dyn'i a, pain in 
the lungs. — pneu*mo-noe-de'ma, oedema of the 
substance of the lungs. — pneu'mo-no-lith = 
PNEUMOLiTH. — pneu’mo-no-ma-la'ci a = pneu- 
MOMALACiA. — pneu‘mo-no-mel-a-no'sis. i. Mel¬ 
anosis of the lungstissue. 2. = Anthracosis. — 
pneu-mo-mom'e-ter = pneumatometer. —pneu’- 
mo-no-my-co'sis = pneumomycosis. — pneu'mo- 
no-pa-ral'y-sis, paralysis of the lung.— pneu-mo- 
nop'a-thy, disease affecting the lungs, espe¬ 
cially a disease primarily of the lungs. — pneu'- 
mo-no-pex-y, the surgical fixation of a portion of 
lung to the thoracic wall, as after pneumonec¬ 
tomy. — pneu*mo-no-phle-bi'tis, phlebitis in the 
pulmonary veins. — pneu-mo-noph'thi-sis, pul¬ 
monary consumption. — pneu’mo-no~phy'ma, a 
pulmonary tubercle. — pneu’mo-nor-rha'gi a = 
HEMOPTYSIS. — pneu-mo-nor'rha-phy, the sutur¬ 
ing of ruptured portions of the lungs.'— pneu-mo- 
no'sis, any disease of the lungs.— pneu’mo-no- 
sy'rinx, a fistula of the lung.— pneu-mo-not'o-my, 
surgical incision into the lung. — pneu’mo-no- 
ty'phus=PNEUMOTYPHOiD.—pneu-mo-pal'u-dism, 
a pulmonary disease of malarial origin, marked 
by solidification of the apex, bronchial murmurs, 
friction, fever, and paroxysmal cough.— pneu*- 
mo-pa-ral'y-sis = pneumonoparalysis. — pneu- 
mo-par'e-sis, an acute lung disease, without fever, 
but preceded by nervous symptoms, and assum¬ 
ing the form of a progressive congestion, with 
infiltration of the vesicular elements of the lung* 
tissue. — pneu‘mo-per-i-car-di'tis, pericarditis 
with an effusion of air into the pericardium. — 
pneu*mo-per-i-car'di um, a rare condition in 
which air is effused into the cavity of the 
pericardium. — pneu’mo-per-i-to-ne'um, a con¬ 
dition marked by the presence of gas in the 
peritoneum. — pneu*mo-per-i-to-ni'tis, perito¬ 
nitis in which gas is present in the perito¬ 
neal cavity.— pneu'mo-pex-y = pneumonopexy. 
— pneu-moph'thi-sis = pneumonophthisis. — 
pneu'mo-plu-ri'tis, inflammation of the lungs 
and the pleura.— pneu-mo-pro'te in, a substance 
from pneumococci by the action of glycerin and 
water.— pneu-mop'ty-sis = hemoptysis. — pneu*- 
mo-pyo-per-i-car'di um, the presence of gas and 
pus in the pericardial sac.— pneu'mo-py-o-tho'- 
rax, the presence of air and pus in the pleural 
cavity.— pneu-mo-py'ra, malignant bronchitis.— 
pneu-mor-rha'chis=PNEUMATORRHACHis.— pneu- 
mor-rha'gi a, hemorrhage from the lungs ; hae¬ 
moptysis. — pneu-mo-se-ro-tho'rax, the presence 
of gas and serum in the pleural cavity. — pneu- 
mo-ther'a-py. i. =Pneumatotherapy. 2. Treat¬ 
ment of lung disease. — pneu'mo-thefmo-mas- 
sage', the therapeutic application of warmed 
medicated or condensed air. — pneu-mo-tho'rax, 


an accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cav¬ 
ity, often with pus or blood. It is a frequent in¬ 
cident in the course of other diseases, especially 
phthisis, or results from wounds of the chest, 
empyema, etc., but is rarely a primary disease. 
The chief symptoms are dyspnoea, a sense of 
faintness, a tympanitic or dull percussion sound 
over the affected side, decrease in the respiratory 
murmurs, displacement of the heart, pain, etc.— 
pneu-mot'o-my, incision into the lung, sometimes 
as an operation for abscess of the lungs, gangrene, 
and cavities.— pneu-mo-tox'in, a poisonous prin¬ 
ciple produced by the various bacteria of pneu¬ 
monia, and said to cause symptoms of that dis¬ 
ease when injected into animals. — pneu-mo-ty'- 
phoid, -ty'phus, typhoid fever combined with 
pneumonia, especially a form of abdominal 
typhoid with marked pneumonic symptoms. — 
pneu-mo=u'ri a = pneumaturia. 
pneu-mo'ni a. Inflammation of the lungs, especially 
when the term is used without qualification, lobar 
pneumonia. The symptoms of this disease are 
fever, accompanied with pungent pain in the 
thorax, which is aggravated by coughing or a 
strong inspiration, a quick and hard pulse, with 
more or less difficulty of breathing, and a painful 
cough. It may be acute or chronic. Abortive p., 
pneumonia which runs a rapid and favorable 
course. Alcoholic p., the severe and often fatal 
lobar pneumonia of alcoholics. Apex or Apical p., 
croupous pneumonia affecting the apex of the 
lung. Asthenic p.= typhoid p. Aspiration p., 
bronchopneumonia due to the lodgment of small 
particles of food or other foreign bodies in the 
bronchi, as in paralytic conditions of the larynx; 
deglutition p. Bilious p., lobar pneumonia with 
jaundice. Bronchial p. = bronchopneumonia. 
Caseous p., cheesy pneumonia. Catarrhal p., 
pneumonia in which the bronchioles become 
blocked up with an exudate of mucin and pus, the 
consolidation affecting single lobules; lobular p. 
It is more chronic than lobar pneumonia and is 
most frequent in the first three years of life and in 
old age or associated with atrophy, rhachitis, and 
measles. Central p., pneumonia affecting the cen¬ 
tral part of the lung. Cerebral p., lobar p. in which 
there are marked cerebral symptoms. Cheesy p., 
a chronic form of pneumonia attended by cheesy 
degeneration of the inflammatory products, and 
associated with consolidation and destruction of 
the lung*tissue; caseous p. This form is usually 
tuberculous. Contusion p., a form consequent 
upon injury. Croupous p., lobar p. Deglutition 
p., aspiration p. Desquamative p., catarrhal 
pneumonia in which there is desquamation of the 
alveolar epithelium; parenchymatous p.; prima¬ 
ry indurative p. P. dis'secans, a rare form in 
which suppuration continuing from the pleura at¬ 
tacks the connectivestissue septa of the larger 
lobular divisions of the lungs and causes them* 
to disintegrate. Double p., pneumonia affecting 
both lobes of the lungs. EmboUc p., pneumonia 
due either to a simple hemorrhagic infarct of the 
pulmonary artery, or to a metastatic abscess, in 
which case the infarct is infectious. Ether p., a 
rare form consequent upon the use of ether as an 
anaesthetic. Fibrinous p., lobar p. Fibrous p., 
interstitial p. Gangrenous p., gangrene of the 
lung. Hypostatic p., lobar pneumonia occurring 
in bedsridden people from hypostasis in the most 
dependent part of the lung. Indurative p., des¬ 
quamative p. Intermittent p., croupous pneu- 


PNEUMONITIS 


752 


PODOPHYLLOQUERCETIN 


monia with occasional remissions of the fever. In¬ 
terstitial p., a very chronic inflammation of the 
lung accompanied by an increase of the interstitial 
tissue and atrophy of the true lungstissue; fibrous 
p.; fibrous phthisis; cirrhosis pulmonum. Larval 
p., a mild, abortive form of short duration: seen 
especially in institutions when pneumonia is pre¬ 
vailing extensively. Lobar p., the common form 
of pneumonia marked by inflammation and con¬ 
solidation of one or both lungs, due to coagulation 
of the exudate, the lower lobes being most fre¬ 
quently affected ; croupous p.; fibrinous p.; lung 
fever; pneumonic fever; pneumonites. The ma¬ 
jority of cases are marked by the presence of pneu¬ 
mococci. It is attended with the usual symptoms 
of pneumonia, and tends toward recovery. Dur¬ 
ing the progress of the disease the lung passes 
through several stages. At first it is intensely 
congested and oedematous (stage of congestion, of 
engorgement), it then becomes heavy, solid, and 
red from extravasated blood and a fibrinous ex¬ 
udate (stage of red hepatization), and finally of a 
gray color from leucocytosis and degeneration of 
the exudate. Lobular p., catarrhal p. P. malleo'- 
sa, a form^ occurring in farcy marked by hepatiza¬ 
tion and the formation of abscesses. Massive p., a 
form of lobar pneumonia in which the bronchi, 
including the larger ones, are obstructed with 
solid masses of fibrinous exudation. Metastatic 
p., suppurative pneumonia produced by metasta¬ 
sis in pyaemia. Migratory p., wandering p. P. 
no'tha, an old term for acute, diffuse, capillary 
bronchitis. Parenchymatous or primary indura¬ 
tive p., desquamative p. Pleuritic p. = pleuro¬ 
pneumonia. Pleurogenic p., pneumonia second¬ 
ary to disease of the pleura. Purulent p., pneu¬ 
monia marked by the formation of pus. Scrofu¬ 
lous p., cheesy p. Septic p., lobular pneumonia 
due to sepsis or septic emboli. Stripe p., a form 
in which the affected area has the form of an up¬ 
right stripe. Superficial p., a form affecting only 
such parts of the lung as lie near the pleura. Sup¬ 
purative p., a form of pneumonia attended by the 
formation of abscesses in the lung. Syphilitic p., 
a very rare form of pneumonia due to syphilis: 
usually manifested as white p. of the foetus. 
Tuberculous p., pneumonia due to the tubercle 
bacillus. Twentysfour hour p., a form of short 
duration with recovery: sometimes observed in 
young healthy individuals. Typhoid p., an exceed¬ 
ingly .severe form of croupous pneumonia, at¬ 
tended by prostration, delirium, dry tongue, icte¬ 
rus, and albuminuria; asthenic p. Vagus p., pneu¬ 
monia produced by section of the vagus nerve. 
Wandering p., a form in which different parts of 
the lung show different degrees of involvement. 
White p, of the foetus, a grayish=white infiltration 
of large areas of the lungs due to syphilitic infec¬ 
tion and resulting in death. [Gr. Trvevpov'ia dis¬ 
ease of the lungs, fr. Tcvehjiwv lung.] tpiieu-mon'- 
:c, as P. fever, lobar pneumonia: P. phthisis = 
tuberculous pneumonia: P. spot, a circumscribed 
flush on the cheek in croupous pneumonia, 
pneu-mo-ni'tis. Inflammation of the lungs, espe¬ 
cially lobar pneumonia, tpneu-mo-nit'ic. 
pneu-sim'e-ter. An instrument used to measure 
the vital capacity of the chest during respiration, 
pnigma (nig'ma). The sense of suffocation; suf¬ 
focation; a throttling. [< TTvlypa choking.] 
pnig-pho'bi a. The dread of suffocation, such as 
attends angina pectoris, 
pnix, pnix'is. A feeling of suffocation. 


pno'e, pnoe'a. = Breath or aura. 

Pocill. Abbr. for L. pocil'lutn, a small cup. 
pock. A pustule of variola or other eruptive dis¬ 
ease. P.sbroken, ^marked, or spitted, marked 
with the cicatrices of the pustules of smallpox, 
pock'et. A sackslike cavity; a blind sack, as P. of 
pus, a cavity filled with pus. 
pock'et-ing. The operation of fastening the pedicle 
in ovariotomy between the edges of the ab¬ 
dominal incision and thus securing it to the ab¬ 
dominal wall. 

poc'u-lent. Potable; drinkable, 
poc'u-lum. A cup; abbr. pocul. P. Dio'genis = 
Diogenes’s CUP. [L.] tpoc'u-lar, sinus poc- 
ULARis. poc'u-li-form. 

-pod, -poda. A suffix denoting foot or feet, as in 
arthropods — Arthropod a. 
po-dag'ra. Gout in the joints of the foot, Chei- 
ragra; gonagra; ischiagra ; omagra; rhach- 
is.AGRA. P. aber'rans, a variety of gout which 
passes from one part to another, but is usually 
attended with inflammation of some internal 
organ. P. aton'ica, a form of gout accompanied 
by atony of the stomach or other internal part, 
without the usual inflammation of the joints, or 
with slight and temporary pains, with dyspepsia 
and other symptoms of atony often alternating 
with each other. P. regula'ris, violent inflamma¬ 
tion, remaining for a few days and gradually re¬ 
ceding, with swelling, itching, and desquamation 
of the part. P. retrogra'da, an affection character¬ 
ized by inflammation of the joints suddenly dis¬ 
appearing and atony of some internal part im¬ 
mediately'following; retrocedent gout. [< ttovc 
foot + dypa .seizure. ] fpo-dag'ral ; po-dag'ric. 
po-dag'rin. po-dag'rism, a gouty state or diath¬ 
esis. po-dag'rous. 

po-dal'gi a. Pain in the foot, as from gout, 
rheumatism, and the like. [< iro/'f foot a/yoq 
pain.] 

po-dal'ic. By means of or relating to the feet. P. 
version, version by which the feet of the child are 
made to present. [< rropf foot: formed on the 
type of cephalic.] 

pod‘an-ce-pha'li a. The condition of a monster* 
foetus without a brain, the cephalic extremity 
being supported by a pedicle. [< irovg foot -f L. 
anencepha'lia absence of brain.] 
pod-ar-thri'tis. Inflammation of the joints of the 
foot. 

pod-ar-throc'a-ce. Fungous disease or caries of the 
joints of the foot. 

po-das'ter-oid. Having a star*shaped foot or pedicle, 
pod-el-co'ma,-ko'ma. = Mycetoma. [< irorf foot 
-I- eAKopa ulcer.] 

pod-en-ceph'a-lus. A monster*foetus whose brain, 
without a cranium, hangs by a pedicle. fpod*- 
en-ce-pha'li a. 

po'dex. The anus or fundament. [L.] 
po-dis'mus- Muscular spasm of the foot, 
pod'o-. Relating or pertaining to the foot: a com¬ 
bining form. [< TToiV foot.] pod*o-brom-i-dro'sis, 
fetid perspiration of the feet.— pod’o-dy-na-mom'- 
e-ter, an apparatus for testing the strength of the 
leg*muscles.— podTO-dyn'i a, pain in the foot, es¬ 
pecially neuralgic pain in the sole or heel.— pod- 
ce-de'ma, oedema of the feet.— po-dol'o-gy, the 
science of the feet.— pod-o-troch-i-li'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of the navicular bone in horses. 
pod-o-phylTin. == Resina podophylli*. 
pod*o-phyMo-quer'ce-tin. A crystalline principle 
from resina podophylli. 


PODOPHYLLOTOXIN 


758 


POKE BERRY 


pod-o-phyl-lo-tox'in. The essential and poisonous 
principle. C23H2,0, + 2Hp. or + 

2H2O, of podophyllin: used as a purgative. Dose, 
0.005 to 0.0r C'rm. to I 

gr.). 

PodophyTlum*. i. A genus 
of berberidaceous herbs. 2. 

The U. S. P. name for the 
dried rhizome of P. pelta'- 
turn, May-apple or man¬ 
drake. It is an active and 
certain cathartic, resembling 
jalap in its operation. Dose, 

0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.)« ^Fluid- 

EXTRACTUM PODOPHYLLI* ; 

PILULE PODOPHYLLI, BELLA¬ 
DONNA ETCAPSICI*; RESINA 
PODOPHYLLI*. [< foot 

-h </»p/lAop leaf, from a fancied 
resemblance of the leaf to the foot of some animal.] 
Podwyssozki’s theory (pcd-vi-sozh'ciz). The theory 
that inflammation is a “ local reaction against ir¬ 
ritant bodies.” 

pod-y-per-i-dro'sis. Excessive sweating of the feet. 
pcE-cil'i a. A piebald con¬ 
dition of the skin, 
poe'cil-o-, pce'kil-o-. Mot¬ 
tled ; variegated; vari¬ 
ous; pecilo-; poikilo-: a 
combining form. [< 

TroiKiXog variegated.] 
poe'cil-o-cyte, -blast, a 
deformed non=nucleated 
red bloodscorpuscle: 

.seen in pernicious and 
other anaemias.— poexil- 
o-cy-thae'mi a, the pres¬ 
ence of poecilocytes in 
the blood.— poe‘cil-o-cy-to'sis, that condition in 
which the blood contains poecilocytes.— poe-cil-o- 
gen'e-sis, the production of poecilocytes.— poe-ci- 
lon'o-my, the giving of several names to the same 
object; inconsistent terminology. tP®”Cil'o-nym. 
—poexil-o-ther'mal, -ther'mic, -ther'mous, chang¬ 
ing the body temperature with the temperature 
of the surrounding medium; applied to ‘‘cold= 
blooded” animals, bacteria, and plants. tP®“ 
cil-o-ther'mism. 

Poehl’s test (polz). A test for the presence of the 
bacillus of Asiatic cholera, made by adding 10 
drops of concentrated sulphuric acid to 7 Cc. of 
the pure culture, when a rose color will be formed 
deepening into purple. 

poel6 bark (pi-le'). The antiperiodic bark of A/5/0'- 
nia spectab'ilis. 
poe'o-nin. = Corallin. 
po'et’s narcissus, Narcissus. 

Poggendorf’s battery or cell (pdg'fn-dorfs). A gal¬ 
vanic cell in which the elements are zinc and car¬ 
bon, and the fluids a mixture of potassium 
dichromate with sulphuric acid and chromic 
acid. 

po-go-ni'a-sis. Excess in the growth of a beard; 

the growth of a beard in a woman, 
po-go'ni on. The most anterior point of the chin 
in the middle line; the mental point. [< rrwywv 
beard.] 

Pohl’s mercury commutator. An apparatus for re¬ 
versing the direction of an electric current, 
poi'kil-o-. = Pcecilo-. 

Poinsot’s operation (pwah-soz). Cuneiform tarsot¬ 
omy for talipes varus. 

48 


point. I. The sharp end of an object, as a needle 
2. The limit at which anything occurs, as freez¬ 
ing point. 3. Any small area or space; punc- 
TUM. i®~Spot. In this dictionary the specially 
named points are entered under the adjective 
names, as alveolar point under alveolar, Mc- 
Burney’s point under McBurney, etc. P. of an 
abscess, the part of an abscess where the pus 
comes nearest to the surface. P. of the elbow = 
OLECRANON*. P. of exclamation, hair seen in 
alopecia areata. P. of vision, vision. [< 
O. F. fr. L. punc'tum point.] fpoin'ted, as P. 
condyloma or tt;ari=vERRUCA acuminata, poin'- 
ting, the process by which the pus in an abscess 
approaches the surface, marked by the appearance 
of a conical, softish projection of a light yellow 
color. 

point apophysaire (pwah ta-po-fi-zdr). = Spinal 
POINT. Ps. douloureux (pwah du-lu-ru) = Val- 
LEIx’s POINTS. [F.] 

pointillage (pwah-ti-yazh). Massage movements 
performed with the tips of the fingers. [F.] 
Poirier’s line (pwa-ri-ez). = Nasolambdoid line. 
Poirrier’s orange (pwar-ri-ez). =Helianthin. 
Poiseuille’s space or layer (pwa-zu-tz). That por¬ 
tion of a blood-vessel situated near the periphery 
in which red corpuscles do not move, 
poi'son. An animal, vegetable, or mineral substance 
which, when applied externally, or taken into the 
stomach or the circulatory system, causes such 
a change in the animal economy as to produce 
disease or death. Irritant or acrid poisons are 
those which produce irritation or inflammation, 
as the mineral acids, oxalic acid, the caustic alka¬ 
lies, antimony, arsenic, barium, the salts of cop¬ 
per, some of the compounds of lead, silver nitrate, 
the salts of zinc, iodine, cantharides, phosphorus, 
etc. What in a concentrated form would be a 
Corrosive poison, in a diluted form would be only 
an irritant poison. Narcotic poisons are such as 
produce stupor or delirium, as opium, hyoscya- 
mus, etc. Sedative poisons are those which di¬ 
rectly reduce the vital powers, as hydrocyanic 
acid, potassium cyanide, hydrogen sulphide, and 
other of the poisonous gases. Acronarcotic and 
Acrosedative poisons include those which produce 
sometimes irritation, sometimes narcotism (or 
sedation), or both together. They are chiefly de¬ 
rived from the vegetable kingdom. Stramonium 
or belladonna will furnish examples of the acro¬ 
narcotic, and aconite an example of the acroseda¬ 
tive, poisons. t^MuscLE-p.; ordeal; toxic; 
toxicology; venom. P.sbay, Illi'cium florid'- 
anum. P.selder, Rhus venena'ta. P.shemlock, 
conium. P.sivy, a popular name for Rhus toxi- 
coden'dron. P.slaurel, Pru'nus laurocer'asus. P.s 
nut, nux-vomica. P.=oak, a popular name for 
Rhus toxicoden'dron. P.ssumach, k^Rhus toxi¬ 
codendron and Rhus venenata. [< F. fr. L. 
po'tio a draught.] fpois'oned, as P. wound, a 
wound which has been infected with poisonous 
matter, poi'son-ing, as Blood p., septicamia ; 
toxamia; or by various substances, as Arsenic, 
Food, Grain (t^ pellagra). Lead (=plumbism). 
Meat, Milk^products, Ptomaines, Sewer^gas, Vege¬ 
tables, etc. poi'son-pus. 

poitrinaire (pwa-tri-ndr). One suffering from chronic 
lung disease; a consumptive. [F.], 
poivrette (pwav-ret). Olive-pits used for adulter¬ 
ating pepper. [F. dim. of poivre pepper.] 
poke berry, poke root. Phytolacca decandra; 
Veratrum viride. 






Pcecilocytes from a 
Case of Pernicious 
Anamia. 





POKERsBACK 


754 


POLITZER'S BAG 


po'kersback, ?spine. Rigidity of the spine, due to 
progressive vertebral ankylosis, Arthritis 
DEFORMANS. 

po'lar. Relating to a pole; having poles; situated 
at the pole. P. bodies = P. globules. P. cata¬ 
ract, a cataract in which the opacity is confined to 
the centre of the anterior {anterior polar c.) 
or posterior {posterior polar c.) capsule. P. cells 
= P. GLOBULES. P. crown =P. STRIATION. P. 
field, the clear space in a nucleus during karyo- 
kinesis enclosed by the loose skeins of chromatin 
fibrils arranged in a wreath. P. globules, small 
globules, usually two in number, which protrude 
and become separated from the ovum, between the 
yolk and the zona pellucida, before impregnation 
and segmentation; directing globules. P. method, 
the method of applying electricity by placing one 
pole over the treated portion, and the other over 
some indifferent part. P. presentation = longi¬ 
tudinal PRESENTATION. P. rays, the star-like 
radiations of the mitotic figure. P. reaction, the 
muscular contraction following the application of 
a pole of a battery to a nerve or muscle. P. 
stars, the stars of the diaster. P. striation, a 
delicate radial marking which forms around the 
nuclear spindle in karyokinesis; P. crown. P. 
vesicles = P. globules. P. zone, the region sur¬ 
rounding an electrode applied to the body for 
electrization. 

po-la-rim'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
amount of rotation which a ray of polarized light 
undergoes, or for measuring the amount of polar¬ 
ization of a given light, fpo-la-rirn'e-try. 
po-lar'i-scope. An instrument for showing the phe¬ 
nomenon of the polarization of light, as in dia¬ 
betes ; polarimeter. tpO"l^“ris'co-pist. 
po*lar-i-stro-bom'e-ter. A form of saccharimeter. 
po-lar'i-ty. The property of having two opposite 
poles, as P. of a magnet, or P. of a nerve, that 
state of an electrified nerve in which the part 
nearest the negative pole shows increased irrita¬ 
bility and that nearest the positive pole decreased 
irritability. 

podar-i-za'tion. The act of enduing with polarity 
or the state of being endowed with polarity. P. 
angle, the angle of reflection at which light is 
most completely polarized. P. of a cell, the proc¬ 
ess by which the negative or collecting plate of 
a galvanic cell becomes covered with a coating 
of hydrogen bubbles, resulting in a reversed in¬ 
ternal current, which weakens the current of the 
external circuit. P. of light, a peculiar change 
in the nature of a ray of light by which the vi¬ 
brations producing it are either limited to a 
single plane {Plane p.) or take place in circles or 
ellipses {Circular and Elliptical p.), instead of 
taking place indifferently in any plane, as in an 
ordinary ray. fpo'lar-ize. po'lar-i-zer, an appar¬ 
atus for polarizing light, as Nicol’s prism, po'- 
lar-i-zing, as P. saccharometer, &■ saccharimeter. 
pole. The extremity of the axis of a sphere, as the 
north or south pole of the earth; polus*: applied 
to the opposite points of a magnet or of a gal¬ 
vanic battery, also to each extremity of the 
anteroposterior diameter of the crystalline lens. 
^ Anterior p. ; cephalic^p. ; germinal p. ; neg¬ 
ative p.; PELVIC p.; POSITIVE p.; posterior p. 
P.schanger =i= commutator. P.scorpuscle = cen- 

TROSOME. 

po-lem-oph-thal'mi a. A contagious ophthalmia of 
soldiers. [< rrd ' X.Efioq war -f ophthalmia.] 
po-le'o-zone. A chloric acid disinfectant. 


po-li-a'ter. A physician who practises in a city by 
the appointment of the government. [< rroXig 
city -1- larpoq physician.] 
po-lice', medical. == Medical police. 
po-lice'man*s disease. = Tarsalgia. 
pol-i-clin'ic. i. A city dispensary, hospital, or 
clinic: often confused with Polyclinic. 2. Aclinic 
held in private houses. [ < city+ k-Vivt] bed.] 

pol*i-en-ceph-a-li'tis. Inflammatory disease of the 
gray substance of the brain, as in paralysis in¬ 
fantum cerebralis. P. inferior= bulbar paral¬ 
ysis. P. poste'rior, inflammation of the gray 
matter of the posterior part of the fourth ventri¬ 
cle. P. supe'rior = ophthalmoplegia. [< Tro/l^df 
gray -1 - encephalitis.] 
po-lim'i-tus. = PoLYMITUS. 

poPi-my-e-len-ceph-a-li'tis. = Poliomyelenceph- 
ALITIS. 

pol'i-o-en-ceph-a-li'tis. = Poliencephalitis. 
poPi-o-my-e-len-ceph-a-li'tis, -en-ceph-a-lo-my-e- 
li'tis. Poliomyelitis with polioencephalitis. 
poPi-o-my-e-li'tis. A paralytic disease consisting 
in inflammation and atrophy of the cells of the 
gray matter of the spinal cord, especially of the 
anterior horns of gray matter; P. anterior; tephro- 
myelitis. Acute anterior p., an acute infective 
hemorrhagic myelitis, attacking especially the 
anterior horns of gray matter of the cord, caused 
by a microscopic, filterable, infectious virus as 
yet unisolated, and marked by rapidly develop¬ 
ing motor paralysis, without loss of sensation, 
and often attended with digestive disturbances 
and fever and subsequently followed by atrophy 
of groups of muscles, the contraction often pro¬ 
ducing permanent deformity: infantile paralysis; 
infantile spinal paralysis; acute atrophic spinal 
paralysis; epidemic myelo*=encephalitis; infantile 
poliomyelitis; poliosencephalomyelitis; infantile 
atrophic paralysis; acute atrophic paralysis; es¬ 
sential paralysis of children; West’s “paralysis in 
the morning.’’ The treatment consists in the hy¬ 
podermic use of hexamethylenamine and fixation, 
preferably by plaster»=of»Paris casts, care being 
taken that the child does not rest on its back 
where by gravitation the poison may act more 
virulently. Chronic p. = progressive muscular 
ATROPHY. [< TTO/lidf gray -t- fivt'koq marrow.] 
pol’i-o-my-e-lop'a-thy. Any disease primarily af¬ 
fecting the gray matter of the spinal cord, 
pol'i-o-plasm. Granular protoplasm, 
pol-i-o'sis. Premature grayness of the hair; canities. 
IS- Achromatosis. P. circumscrip'ta acquisi'ta, 
poliosis of limited extent, caused by vitiligo, 
pol-i-o'thrix. Grayness of the hair, either congen¬ 
ital or acquired. 

Po'lish plait or ringworm. — Pli¬ 
ca, def. 2. 

politi'a med'ica. The medical po¬ 
lice of a town or city; sanitary 
regulation. 

pol-it-zer-i-za'tion. The inflation 
of the tympanum of the ear by 
means of Politzer’s bag. 

Politzer’s bag (polTt-serz). A soft 
rubber pouch used for driving 
air into the eustachian tube. 

This bag is sometimes used for 
medicating the nasal passages. 

P.’s method, ts- politzeriza- Politzer’s Bag. 
TiON. P.’s operation, i. Divi¬ 
sion of the anterior ligament of the malleus. 
2. Cruciform incision of the membrana tympani, 



POLL 


755 


POLY- 


followed by application of galvanocautery, for the 
formation of an artificial aperture in the mem¬ 
brane. P.’s sign or test, a test with the aid of 
a tuningsfork in unilateral middle^ear disease. 
[< Adam Politzer, an Austrian physician, 1835— .] 
poll. The head or skull, especially its back and 
top, or the nape of the neck, 
pol-la-ki-u'ri a. Abnormally frequent micturition; 

polyuria. [< TroXlaKig often + ovpov urine.] 
pol-lan'tin. An antitoxic serum obtained from 
horses by the injection of pollen toxin derived 
from ragweed; Dunbar’s serum: used for the re¬ 
lief and prophylaxis of hay fever. Dose, i drop 
in the angle of each eye and in one nostril, every 
morning before rising. 

pol'lard. A hornless animal, especially a stag which 
has cast its horns. 

pol-lem-phy-ten'sis. Repeated vaccination in differ¬ 
ent parts of the body. [< TroTiXog many + 

TevELV to implant.] 

pol'len. The powdery substance contained in the 
anthers of flowers constituting the fecundating 
principle in phanerogamous plants. P. catarrh 
or fever = HAY fever. P. toxin, P. antitoxin, 

IS- POLLANTIN. 

pol'le-nin. A form of cellulose derived from pollen, 
poll'se-vil. An abscess behind the ear of a horse 
resulting in a fistula. 

pol'lex*, gen. pol'licis. The thumb. P. pe'dis, the 
great toe. [L.] tpol'li-cal, -car. 

Pol'lock’s amputation or operation. Amputation of 
the knee-joint by a long anterior and a short pos¬ 
terior flap, the patella being left, 
pol-lu'tion. I. The emission of semen without coi- 
' tion. It may be voluntary (then termed self=p. 
or masturbation) or involuntary, the latter being 
sometimes the result of weakness caused by mas¬ 
turbation. When it occurs in sleep it is called 
SPERMATORRHCEA DORMIENTUM. 2. The act of 
making impure, especially the contamination of 
drinking-water with sewage. [< L. pollu'ere to 
defile,] 

po-lo'nium. A radioactive constituent of pitch¬ 
blende: supposed to form lead, as well as helium, 
pol-toph'a-gy. The act of taking the food in a finely 
divided condition. [< TroTirug masticated 

to eat.] tpol-toph'a-gic. 

po'lus*. = Pole. P. ante'rior len'tis* = anterior 
POLE. P. poste'rior len'tis* = posterior pole. 
pol'y-. Many; much; denoting excess or enlarge¬ 
ment; MULTI-; PLEO-: a combining form, 
Pluri-. [< TToApf many.] pol-y-ac'id, a term 
applied to a base or basic radical, one molecule 
of which is capable of saturating several molecules 
of the acid radical,— poPy-a-cou'stic. i. Mag¬ 
nifying sounds. 2. An instrument which mag¬ 
nifies sounds.— pol'y-ad, a chemical element or 
radical having a valence greater than one.— poP- 
y-a-de'ni a = pseudoleuk^mia. — poPy-ad-e-ni'- 
tis, inflammation of several or many glands. 
Malignant p. is the bubonic plague.— poPy-ad-e- 
no'ma, adenoma of many glands. — poPy-ad-e- 
nop'a-thy, a disease affecting many glands.— 
pol-y-ae'mi a, excess of blood; plethora; polyhae- 
mia. P. aquo'sa, hydraemia due to excessive 
drinking of water, P. hyperalbumino'sa, excess 
of albumin in the blood-plasma. P. polycythae'- 
mica, absolute increase of the number of blood- 
corpuscles in the blood. P. sero'sa, increase in 
the amount of the blood-serum. — poPy-aes- 
the'si a, abnormal acuteness of the sense of touch, 
especially the sensation as if two or more points 


were touched when in reality only one is touched; 
hyperselaphesia.— pol-y-al'co-hol-ism, poi.soning 
or intoxication resulting from a mixture of sev¬ 
eral alcohols of different kinds.— poPy-a-nae'mi a, 
excessive anaemia. — pol-y-an'dry, having more 
than one husband.— poPy-ar-thri'tis, inflamma¬ 
tion affecting several joints. P. defor'mans = 
ARTHRITIS DEFORMANS. P. rheumat'ica acu'ta = 
RHEUMATISM, ACUTE. P. scarlatino'sa, scarlatinal 
SYNOVITIS. Vertebral p., a disease which affects 
the intervertebral substance without causing 
caries of the bodies of the vertebrae.— poPy-ar- 
tic'u-lar, affecting many joints, as P. inflamma¬ 
tion. — poPy-a-tom'ic. i. Having several atoms. 
2. Having more than two replaceable hydrogen 
atoms.— pol-y-ax'on, a nerve-cell giving off four 
or more branches from the horizontal dendrites, 
t pol-y-ax-on'ic. — pol-y-ba'sic. i. Having more 
than two replaceable hydrogen atoms: said of an 
acid. 2. Formed from a polybasic acid by sub¬ 
stitution of more than two of its hydrogen atoms 
by a base: said of salts.— pol'y-blast. i. A 
morula mass. 2. A young connective-tissue cell 
with a vesicular nucleus.— pol-y-blen'ni a, exces¬ 
sive mucosity; abnormally free discharge of 
mucus.— pol-y-bra'chi a, the existence or presence 
of one or more supernumerary arms.— pol-y- 
bre'phi a, the bearing of many children.— pol-y- 
car'di a = tachycardia. — pol-y-cen'tric, having 
many centres.— pol-y-cho'li a, excessive flow or 
secretion of bile.— pol'y-chrest. i. Having many 
uses or virtues. 2. A substance possessing many 
virtues or good for many diseases. P.ssalt, sal 
polychrest; potassii sulphas cum sulphure. 
tpol-y-chres'tic. pol'y-chres-ty.— pol-y-chro'ite 
= CROciN. — poPy-chro-ma'si a = polychromat- 
OPHiLiA. — poPy-chro-mae'mi a, increase of the 
coloring materials in the blood, due to polycy- 
thaemia.— poPy-chro-mat'ic, many-colored. P. 
acid = ALOETic ACID. — poPy-chro-mat-o-phil'i a, 
that condition of the blood in which the red blood- 
cells (known then as poPy-chro-mat'o-philes) ex¬ 
hibit affinity simultaneously for both acid and 
basic dyes. It is met with in severe anaemia. 
tpoPy-chro-mat-o-phil'ic. — pol'y-chrome = es- 
cuLiN. — pol-y-chro'mi a, excessive or abnormal 
formation of pigment.— pol-y-chy'li a, excessive 
formation of chyle. fpol-y-chyl'ic. — pol-y- 
clin'ic. I. Furnished with many beds; not lim¬ 
ited in the range of diseases treated: applied to 
hospitals. (Confused in use with Policlinic.) 
2. A polyclinic hospital or school.— pol-y-clo'ni a, 
a disease resembling, yet distinct from, tic and 
chorea but marked by many clonic spasms.— 
pol-y-co'ri a, the existence of more than one pupil 
in the eye.— pol-y-crot'ic, having several second¬ 
ary beats: said of a pulse in certain conditions, 
tpo-lyc'ro-tism. — pol-y-cru'ri a, excess in the 
number of the lower extremities.— poPy-cy-e'si a, 
-cy-e'sis. i. Frequent pregnancy; great fecundity. 
2. Multiple pregnancy.— pol-y-cys'tic, consisting 
of many cysts: applied to tumors.— popy-cy- 
thffi'mia, excess of the red corpuscles in the blood, 
as in diabetes, gastric ulcer, etc. P. cyanot'- 
ica = OsLER’s DISEASE. P. ve'ta. [^J.A.M.A. 
ij. ’06 ] tpoPy-cy-thae'mic. — pol-y-dac'ty-lism, 
-dac-tyl'ia, the condition of having supernumer¬ 
ary fingers or toes.— pol-y-dip'si a. i. Excessive 
thirst. 2. = Diabetes insipidus. — pol-y-em'- 
bry-on-y, a form of reproduction in which a num¬ 
ber of embryos are developed from a single ovum: 
found chiefly among the hymenoptera but a sim- 


POLY- 


756 


POLY- 


ilar condition exists in phanerogams.— pol-y-e'- 
mi a = poLY^MiA. — pol*y-es-the'si a = poly^s- 
THESiA.— pol-y-for'min, insoluble, an antiseptic 
condensation product from resorcin and for¬ 
maldehyde, occurring as an odorless powder: 
used like iodoform. P., soluble, a combination 
of 2 molecules of resorcin with i molecule of 
hexamethylentetramin: used in skin diseases and 
internally as a diuretic and antiseptic.— Polyg'- 
ala, a genus of plants, containing many species; 
milkwort, as P. paucifo'lia, P. polyg'ama, P. 
ruhel'la, P. sangui'nea, and P. sen'ega (i^Senega) 
of the United States: used chiefly as a bitter 
tonic. From various species are obtained pol-y- 
gal'ic acid and po-lyg'a-lin, a bitter alkaline 
principle. — poFy-ga-lac'ti a, excessive secretion, 
or an overflow, of milk. — pol*y-gan-gli-on'ic, 
having several ganglia.— pol-y-gas'tri a, excessive 
secretion of gastric juice. — pol-y-glo-bu'li a. 

- pol-y-gna'thus, a double monster joined at 

the jaws.— Polygona'tum, a genus of liliaceous 
plants, natives of the United States and Europe; 
Solomon’s seal. They are cathartic, diuretic, and 
emetic and used externally in skin diseases, gout, 
and rheumatism. Dose of fluidextract, 0.3 to 
1.3 Cc. (5 to 20 mins.). — pol-y-go'ni a, having 
many angles. — Polyg'onum, a genus of polyg- 
onaceous plants. P. amphib'ium, water persi- 
caria, a native of the United States, grows in 
water, and is a strong astringent. P. avicula're, 
knot-grass, or door*weed, a native of the United 
States and Europe, is used as an antipodagric and 
vulnerary. P. bistor'ta, bistorts radix. 
P. hydrop'iper, smart-weed, or water-pepper, is 
used as an emmenagogue, diuretic, and aphrodis¬ 
iac. Dose, of fluidextract, i to 2 Cc. (15 to 30 
mins.).— pol'y-graph, an instrument consisting of 
a SPHYGMOGRAPH Combined with a phlebograph, 
thus giving a double tracing. Those of Knoll, for 
laboratory work, and of MacKenzie, for clinical 
purposes, are the best known.— pol-y-gyr'i a, un¬ 
usually complete development of the gyri or con¬ 
volutions of the brain.— pol-y-has'mi a = poly^- 
MiA. — pol-y-he'dral, having many sides or sur¬ 
faces, as P. epithelium, epithelium. — pol'y- 
hy-dro'sis = polyidrosis. —poFy-hy-dram'ni os, 
hydramnion; excess in the amount of the amni- 
otic fluid.— pol-y-i-dro'sis, pol-y-hy'dri a, exces¬ 
sive sweating; the sweating sickness, or miliary 
fever.— poby-in-fec'tion, an infection caused by 
two or more infectious agents working together. 
— pol-y-kar'y-o-cyte = osteoclast. — pol-y-lep'- 
tic, marked by many exacerbations and remis¬ 
sions.— pol-y-mas'ti a, -ma'zi a, exeess in the num¬ 
ber of nipples or breasts; polythelia; found espe¬ 
cially along the course of the milk-ridge. It is 
more common in women than in men, and such 
pol-y-mas'tics are supposed by Iwai to be fecund 
and tuberculous.— poby-mas-ti-go'ni a, small 
oval bodies, with 2 or 3 flagella, sometimes found 
in faeces.— pol-y-me'li a, pol'y-me-ly, monstrosity 
consisting in the excess of the number of limbs. 
cs- PoLYDACTYLisM. tpol-y-nie'li an. pol-y-me'¬ 
li us; po-lym'e-lus.— pol-y-me'ni a = menorrha¬ 
gia. — poFy-men-or-rhce'a, excessive menstrual 
flow.— po-lym'e-rism. i. Excess in the number 
of parts. 2. A variety of isomerism characterized 
by difference of molecular weights, the molecular 
weights of the polymers being multiples or sub¬ 
multiples of each other, tpol'y-mer, po-lym'e- 
ride, one of a series of polymeric compounds.— pol- 
y-mo'ri a, excess in the number of parts,— pol-y- 


mer'ic; pol-y-me-ris'mic. poFy-mer-i-za'tion. 
po-lym'er-ize. — poFy-mi-cro'bic, containing many 
varieties of microbes. — pol-y-mi'cro-scope, a 
microscope fitted with a movable band instead of 
a stage, so that different objects may be brought 
in turn into the field.— pol-y-mi'cro-tome, a micro¬ 
tome which cuts several sections at once.— po- 
lym'i-tus, a granule provided with several thread¬ 
like filaments or buds, or both, found in the blood 
in malarial fever: probably a micro-organism or 
a stage of one.— Polym'nia uveda'lia, bear’s foot, 
a composite plant of North America, said to be of 
use in malarial splenic enlargements.— pol-y- 
mor'phic, -mor'phous, existing in many forms; 
crystallizing in several forms; pleomorphic, as 
P. nucleus, a nucleus of cells assuming irregular 
forms and P. sarcoma, a sarcoma containing 
several varieties of cells, fpol-y-mor'phisin. — 
pohy-mor-pho-cel'lu-lar, having cells of many 
forms.— pol*y-mor-pho-nu'cle ar, having many 
nuclei: applied to certain multinuclear leucocytes 
that have very irregular nuclei.— pol'y-my-oc'lo- 
nus = PARAMYOCLONUS. — poFy-my-o-si'tis, in¬ 
flammation of several muscles at once, sometimes 
attended with hemorrhages (P. hcemorrha'gica). 
P. acu'ta, acute multiple inflammation of muscles, 
with symmetrical diffusion.— pol-y-ne'sic, having 
or occurring at several foci.— pol-y-neu'ral, sup¬ 
plied by or relating to more than one nerve.— pol- 
y-neu'ric, having many {i. e., more than three) 
neurons, or axis-cylinder processes: said of nerve- 
cells.— pol'y-neu-ri'tis, inflammation of many 
nerves at once; multiple neuritis. — pol-y-neu- 
rot'ic=POLYNEURic.—pol-y-nu'cle ar, -nu'cle ate, 
possessing or relating to several nuclei; multinu¬ 
clear. — poFy-nu*cle-arsneu-tro-phil'ic, denoting 
polynuclear leucocytes of the class of neutro- 
philes. — pol‘y-nu-cle-o'sis, the condition of an 
abnormal number of polynuclear cells in the 
blood or in pathological exudates.— pol*y-o-don'- 
tia, excess in the number of the teeth; the presence 
of supernumerary teeth.— pol-y-o-nych'i a, the 
presence of supernumerary nails.— pol-y-o'pi a, 
an affection of the organs of sight in which the 
objects are multiplied; multiple vision.— pol-y- 
or'chid, -or'chis, one who has more than two 
testicles.— pol-y-orTho-me-ni'tis, -rhy-me-ni'tis, 
inflammation (usually tuberculous) of several 
serous membranes, as of the peritoneum, pleura, 
and pericardium ; Concato’s disease.— pol-y-o'ti a, 
the condition of having more than one ear on a 
side.— pol'yp, pi. polyps = polypus. 

— poby-pan-ar-thri'tis = arthritis deformans. 

— pol'y-pap-il-lo'ma, any disease of the skin 
marked by the formation of multiple papilloma. 
P. trop'ica = frambcesia. — pol-y-par'e-sis, pare¬ 
sis of many parts or organs, tpol'yp^^^ret'ic.— 
po-lyp'a-thy, a diseased state affecting many parts, 
tpol-y-path'ic. — pol-y-pep'tides, derivatives from 
proteins which are the products of cleavage of 
peptones and consist of two or more amino-acids 
in amide combination. Over 100 such synthetic 
compounds have been synthesized by Fischer. 

— pol-y-pha'gi a, excessive hunger; voracity; use 
of varied food, Bulimia ; cynorexia. — pol- 
y-phar'ma-cy, -phar-ma'ci a, the administration 
of too many medicines, as in a prescription consist¬ 
ing of many medicines, one drug often counteract¬ 
ing the effect of another, or “ shot-gun ” prescrip¬ 
tion.— pol-y-pho'bi a, morbid fear of many things, 
pol-y-phra'si a, morbid or insane volubility; ex¬ 
cessive and confused flow of words. — pol-y-pi-g'^ 


POLY- 


757 


PONOGRAPH 


ni a, excessive adiposity; physconia; pimelosis. P. 
infan'tum, morbid increase in weight in children.— 
pol-y-plas'mi a, abnormal fluidity of the blood, 
as from excess of plasma.— pol-y-plas'tic, pol'y- 
plast. I. Made up of several substances or ele¬ 
ments, as P. muscles, muscles made up of groups 
of muscle^fibres which do not extend the entire 
length of the muscle. 2. Passing through several 
modifications of form: said of cells.— pol-yp- 
noe'a, hurried respiration; abnormal frequency of 
breathing, tpol-yp-noe'ic, as P. centre, the cen¬ 
tre producing panting, situated in the tuber cine- 
reum. — Polypo'dium, a genus of ferns. P. adi- 
aniifor'me, of Porto Rico, is said to be antisyph¬ 
ilitic. P. = Aspidium filix=m.\s. P. 

vulga're, of Europe and America, is used as an ex¬ 
pectorant in chronic catarrh and asthma. Dose, 
4 to 15 Gm. (i to 4 drs.).— pol'y-poid, resembling 
a polypus, or having the form of a polypus.—Poly- 
po'rus, a genus of fungi. P. amani'ta = Am.'VNit.\ 
MUSC.^RiA. P. ofldcina'lis, a white, spongy fungus 
growing upon larchstrees; Agar'icus al'bus', white 
agaric; larch agaric ; purging agaric. It is used to 
check excessive secretions, such as bronchorrhoea, 
diarrhoea, and the night=sweats of phthisis. Dose, 
0.3 to I Gm. (5 to 15 grs.).— pol-y-po'sis. i. = 
Polydipsia. 2. The state of being affected with 
polyps. P. ven-tric'uli, a condition in which the 
gastric mucosa is affected with many folds and 
warts: associated with catarrh and hypertrophy. 
— pol'y-po-tome, a knife or other instrument for 
removing polypi.— po-lyp'o-trite, pol'yp-trite, an 
instrument for crushing polypi.— pol'y-pous, hav¬ 
ing polypi or tumors like a polypus.— poPy-prag- 
ma^sia, officiousness in practice.—pol'y-pus, pi. 
poVypi, a smooth, pedunculated tumor arising 
from a mucous surface, especially in the nose, va¬ 
gina, uterus, larynx, or bladder. Some of the va¬ 
rieties of polypus are Blood (= placental). Car¬ 
cinomatous, Cellular, Fibrinous, Fibrous, 
Gelatinous (= myxoma). Glandular (= adenoma), 
Hoffmann’s, Lardaceous, Malignant, Mu¬ 
cous, Osseous, Placental, Raspberry cellu¬ 
lar, Round^celled (= cellular). Soft or spong^ 
(= mucous), and Vascular (= angioma). P. 
carno'sus = sarcoma. P. cys'ticus or hydatido'- 
sus, an elongated or polyp=like mucous cyst.—pol- 
y-ra-dic'u-lar, having a number of roots: applied 
to teeth.— pol-yr-rhce'a, an excessive discharge of 
fluid.— pol-y-sac'cha-ride, one of a group of car¬ 
bohydrates, having a multiple of six carbon 
atoms to each molecule, Amylose. — pol-y- 

sar'ci a, an increased bulk of body be3mnd what 
is healthy; obesity. tpol-y-sar'cous.— pol-y- 
sce'li a, monstrosity consisting in the presence of 
several or many legs, fpol-y-sce'lus. — pol'y- 
scope, a variety of endoscope for use in various 
cavities of the body.— poPy-se-ro-si'tis = poly- 
ORRHOMENITIS. —poPy-si-a'H a, excess in the 
amount of the salivary secretion. — pol*y-sin-u- 
i'tis, -sin-u-si'tis, simultaneous inflammation of 
a number of sinuses.—pol'y-sol, a trade name for 
an intensified light bath.—pol'y-solve, pol-y-soF- 
ve ol, pol-y-sol'vol, a liquid preparation of sodi¬ 
um or ammonium sulphoricinate which dissolves 
large quantities of substances, as carbolic acid, 
menthol, salicylic acid, etc., commonly difficult of 
solution.— pol-y-so'mi a, the condition of having 
more than one trunk. fpol-y-so'mus. pol'y- 
spast, an obsolete form of machine for making 
traction in the reduction of luxated joints.— 
pol-y-sper'mism, -sper'mi a, the secretion of an 


unusual amount of semen.— pol-y-stich'i a, the 
presence of more than one row of eyelashes on 
an eyelid.— pol-y-stich'in, pol-y-stich'i-nin, poP- 
y-stich-o-cit'rin, poPy-stich-o-fla'vin, various sub¬ 
stances obtained from the rhizome of Aspid'ium 
spinulo'sum, the common wood fern.— pol-y-ter'- 
pene, one of a class of substances, such as gutta* 
percha and caoutchouc, polymeric with the ter- 
penes.— pol-y-the'li a = polymastia. — pol-y-to'- 
ci a, the giving birth to many children.— pol-y- 
trich'ia, tri-cho'sis, great hairiness; excessive 
growth of the hair, either as regards region, de¬ 
gree, age, or sex; hypertrichosis.— Polytrich'ium, 
a genus of mosses. P. juniperi'num, hair^cap 
moss, Robin’s rye, a North American moss: said 
to be a powerful diuretic.— pol-y-tro'phi a, over® 
nutrition.— pol-y-u'ri a, poPy-u-re'sis, a disease 
characterized by thirst and by a persistently ex¬ 
cessive flow of watery urine; diuresis: seen in 
diabetes, some varieties of Bright’s disease, and 
in certain nervous diseases. P. spas'tica, inter¬ 
mittent polyuria both as an hysterical symptom 
and with accompanying convulsions. tPol"y“ 
u'ric.— po-lyv'a-lent = multivalent. 
po'ma, pi. poma'ta. A lid or cover, especially the 
occipital operculum of a monkey’s brain. Poma'¬ 
ta auran'tii, orange buds. [< 7rw/za lid.] 
pom'ace. =Marc. tpo-™a'ce ous. 
po-made', po-ma'tum, A perfumed ointment for 
the hair; a pharmaceutical preparation closely 
resembling an ointment. [< L. fr. po'mum apple.] 
po-man'der. A perfume*ball formerly carried for 
the prevention of infection, 
po-mat'ic fissure. A fissure crossing the cerebrum 
of monkeys, opposite the dorsal end of the occip¬ 
ital fissure. [ < TTuipa lid.] 
pome-gran'ate. The fruit of Pu'nica grana'tum. 

Gran.\tum*. [< L. po'mum apgAe+grana'tus 
having grains.] 

pom'pho-lyx, -pho-lix. i. A small vesicle or blad¬ 
der, especially containing water, m- Pemphigus. 
2. A skin disease in which there is an eruption of 
bullae without inflammation found them and un¬ 
attended by fever. 3. = Cheiropompholyx. 4. 
An old name for zinc oxide. [ < tto/u^oIv^ bubble.] 
pom'phus. = Wheal. [< a blister.] 

po'mum. An apple or larger fruit. P. ada'mi, 
“ Adam’s apple,” the anterior part of the thyroid 
cartilages, forming an angular projection of their 
two alae on the fore part of the neck; prominentia 
laryngea*. 

ponceau (p< 5 h-s 6 ). = Scarlet red. 

Pond. Abbr. for L. pon'dere, by weight, 
pon'der-a-ble. Possessing weight, 
pond'ing. The collection of liquor amnii above the 
presenting part of the foetus after rupture of the 
membranes. 

Pond’s extract. A proprietary witch-hazel water, 
pon'dus. Weight. P. civi'le, avoirdupois weight. 

P. medicina'le, apothecaries’ weight. [L.] 
po'ne au'rem. Behind the ear. [L ] 

Pon'fick’s shadows. Achromacytes or phantom cor¬ 
puscles, as in haemoglobincemia. 

Ponga'mia gla'bra. A tree of Asia, Australia, and 
Polynesia, the seeds of which supply kurung oil. 
po'no-gens. Waste products generated in the 
nerves by functioning of organs. They are the 
cause of fatigue. [< irovog wovk+yevvav to pro¬ 
duce.] tpo-no-gen'ic. 

po'nb-graph. An instrument for recording or meas¬ 
uring sensitiveness to pain. [< ndvog pain4-ypd- 
(j)eiv to write.] 


PONOS 


758 


POPLITEAL 


po'nos. A chronic febrile disease with enlargement 
of the spleen: endemic on certain of the Greek 
islands. [< ttovoc pain.j 

pons, pi. pon'tes. i. A bridge. 2. The pons varolii. 
P. cerebel'li = P. varolii. P. hep'atis, “bridge 
of the liver,” a portion of the substance of the 
liver which passes from the left lobe to the quad¬ 
rate, frequently converting the lower half of the 
longitudinal fissure into a true canal. P. tari'ni, 
“ bridge of Tarinus,” the sheet of gray substance 
between the corpora albicantia of the brain and 
the crura, forming part of the floor of the third 
ventricle and of the interpeduncular space at the 
bottom of which it is placed; lamina perforata 



2 


Ventral Aspect of the Pons Varolii and Medulla 
Oblongata. — i. Pons. 2. Oblongata. 3. Medipe- 
duncle. 4. Crus. 5. Tuber cinereum. 6. Infundibu¬ 
lum. 7. Albicantia, and behind them the posterior per¬ 
forated space. 8. Optic tract. 9. Chiasm. 10. Ocu¬ 
lomotor nerve. ii. Trochlear nerve. 12. Trifacial 
nerve, the small or motor root medial. 13. Abducent 
nerve. 14. Facial nerve. 15. Intermediate portion. 
16. Auditory nerve. 17. Glossopharyngeal nerve. 18. 
Vagus nerve. 19. Accessory nerve. 20. Hypoglossal 
nerve. 21. First spinal or suboccipital nerve. 

posterior. Perforate space. P. varoTii, 
“ bridge of Varolius,” the square portion of med¬ 
ullary substance connecting the cerebrum, cere¬ 
bellum, and medulla oblongata; corpus or tuber 
annulare; processus annularis; tuberculum annu¬ 
lare ; pons [uaro/A']*. It is made up of longitudi¬ 
nal fibres continued above into the crusta and 
tegmentum of the crura cerebri, of transverse 
fibres joining the two cerebellar hemispheres, of 
fibres connecting the cerebellum with other parts, 
and of central gray nuclei. Embryologically it is 
developed from the apex of the ventral portion of 
the third vesicle. [L.] 

pon'tal. = Pontile. P. arteries, small branches 
of the basilar artery given off at right angles and 
passing outward over the pons to supply that 
body and the adjacent parts of the brain; trans¬ 
verse arteries; rami ad pontem*. 

Pontefract cakes (pom'fr^t). Small lozenges of ex¬ 
tract of liquorice prepared in England, 
pon-ti-bra'ci um. The middle cerebellar peduncle, 
pon'tic. Relating to the pons varolii. • 

pon'ti-cine. A glucoside. [ 15 . Acad. roy. d. med. d. 
Belg. '03.] 


pon-ti-ci-ne're a. The gray matter of the pons, 
pon-tic'u-lus. The propons, a bundle of fibres 
going transversely across the proximal end of the 
pyramid and situated just below the pons varolii. 
P. auric'ulae, a projection on the eminentia con¬ 
chas for the attachment of the retrahens auris 
muscle. P. hepat'icus, a band of tissue contain¬ 
ing blood-vessels and connecting the spigelian 
with the right lobe of the liver. P. promonto'rii, 
a ridge on the median wall of the tympanum be¬ 
low the foramen ovale, joining the promontory 
with the pyramid. [L. dim. of pons bridge.] 
pon'tile, pon'tine. Relating to the pons varolii. 
P. hemiplegia, a form of hemiplegia, generally 
alternate, produced by lesions in the lower part 
of the pons. P. nucleus = nucleus pontis. 
pon-to-bul'bar. Relating to the pons varolii and 
the medulla oblongata. 

pon-to-cru'ral. Relating to the pons varolii and 
the crura cerebri. 

pon-toon'. A knuckle or loop of the intestine, 
[t Dl. ’06.] 

pool. The mixed serum of several persons: used in 
determining the opsonic index. 
poor robin’s plantain. =Goodyera pubescens. 
pop'lar. The common name for several species of 
the genus Populus. P. buds, Populus bal- 

SAMIFERA. 

popTed*. The ham or back part of the knee-joint, 
pop-li-tae'us, pop-li-te'us. A muscle arising from 
the external condyle of the femur and inserted 
into the superior triangular surface at the back 
of the tibia; M. popliteus*. It bends the thigh 
and leg. P. accesso'rius or mi'nor, an occasional 
muscle arising from the femur at the inner side 
of the plantaris and inserted into the posterior 
ligament of the knee*joint. 
pop-li-te'ad. Toward the popliteal aspect, 
pop-li-te'al. Belonging to the ham. P. aneurism, 
aneurism of the popliteal artery. P. artery, the 
continuation of the femoral artery forming that 
part of the main artery of the lower limb which 
extends from the opening of the adductor magnus 
to the lower border of the poplitaeus muscle; A. 
poplitea*. It divides below into the anterior 
and posterior tibial arteries. P. aspect, the 
aspect looking toward the ham. P. bursa, one 
of the bursae in the popliteal space. P. fossa = 
P. SPACE. P. glands, lymphatic glands near the 
vessels in the popliteal space; lymphoglandulae 
popliteae’^. P. ligament, the posterior ligament 
of the knee-joint; ligamentum popliteum ohli- 
quum*. P. line, an oblique line upon the posterior 
surface of the tibia, from which part of the soleus 
arises; linea poplitea*. P. muscle = poplitaeus. 
P. nerve, either of two nerves, an external and an 
internal, the terminal branches of the great 
sciatic nerve. The former runs outward over 
the head of the fibula and divides into the an¬ 
terior tibial and musculocutaneous nerves. The 
latter is the internal division of the great sciatic, 
lying in the popliteal space as far as the lower 
edge of the poplitaeus muscle, whence it is con¬ 
tinued as the posterior tibial to the ankle, where 
it divides into the external and internal plantar 
nerves. P. notch, a depression on the posterior 
surface of the tibia, separating the two tuberos¬ 
ities. P. plane = P. surface. P. plexus, a 
nerve-plexus formed around the popliteal artery 
by branches from the external and internal pop¬ 
liteal nerves; plexus popliteus*. P. region or 
space, the lozenge-shaped area on the posterior 






POPLITEEN 


759 


PORTAGION 


aspect of the knee bounded by the hamstring 
muscles and the heads of the gastrocnemius; 
ham; fossa poplitea. P. surface, a triangular 
space on the posterior surface of the femur at the 
lower end, between the diverging supracondylar 
lines; P. plane; planum popltteum"^. P. tendons, 
the hamsstrings: because they form the bounda¬ 
ries of the popliteal space. P. vein, a vein in 
the popliteal space formed by the union of the 
anterior and posterior tibials and continuous 
above with the femoral vein; V. poplitea*. 
pop-li-te'en. Relating to the poples itself, 
pop-li-te'us. = PoPLiT^us. 
pop-lit'ic. = Popliteal. 
pop'py. =Papaver. 

Pop'ulus. A genus of salicaceous trees; poplar. 

Salicinum. P. balsamiPera, P. can^icans, 
balm of Gilead poplar: it produces a fragrant 
resin on its buds, which is stimulant, diuretic, vul¬ 
nerary, etc.; the bark is febrifugal and tonic. P. 
ni'gra and P. trem'ula, the aspen=tree. From the 
bark is obtained pop'ulin, a white, crystalline 
glucoside, C2oH220g; used as an antipyretic. Dose, 
0.12 to 0.25 Gm. (2 to 4 grs.). [L.] fpop'u-lin- 
a-ted, as P. lard, lard preserved by incorporating 
6% of tincture of poplar buds, 
po'ral. Relating to pores. 

porcelain (pdrs'len). A form of translucent or semi* 
translucent earthenware. Dental p., a variety 
used for fillings for teeth and for artificial teeth. 
Three principal forms exist: (i) Hard p., com¬ 
posed of kaolin and quartz with feldspathic glaze, 
it being a solidified suspension of one or more un¬ 
fused silicious substances in a fused silicate and 
glass being formed when all its essential constit¬ 
uents are fused; (2) Natural soft p., composed of 
kaolin and calcium phosphate, coated with a lead 
and boric acid glaze; and (3) Medium soft p., 
alkaline salts coated with a lead glaze. P. liver 

= HEPATITIS CHRONICA HYPERPLASTICA. P. SOUnd 

or probe, lar Nelaton’s probe. [< It. porcellana 
porcelain.] ous, por-cel'la-nous, re¬ 

sembling porcelain, as the skin in certain fevers, 
por-co'san. A proprietary preparation from the 
blood of animals immunized against erysipelas, 
por'cu-pine disease. = Ichthyosis hystrix. P. 

men, persons affected with ichthyosis hystrix. 
pore. A small opening at the extremity of a vessel 
at the surface of an organized body; also, a small 
interstice between the particles of matter which 
compose bodies. P. canal = porous canal. 
po-ren-ce-phaTi a, po-ren-ceph'a-Iy. The presence 
in the cerebral tissue of pits or holes, whether con¬ 
genital or not. [< Tvdpog porebrain.] 
tpo-ren-ce-phal'ic; po-ren-ceph'a-lous. po-ren- 
ceph'a-lus. 

po-ren-ceph-a-li'tis. Inflammatory porencephalia, 
or encephalitis leading to absorption of material 
and formation of a cavity in the brainssubstance. 
poreutes (pc»r'iuts). Amoeboid cells derived from 
acroblasts and regarded as developing into wan¬ 
dering cells and blood:=corpuscles, [< nopeveiv to 
convey.] 

po'ri. The plural of PORUS. P. bilia'rii = biliary 

CANALICULI. 

po-ri-o-ma'ni a. The impulse to wander about met 
with in epileptics. Ambulatory automatism. 
[ < TTopela a wandering -1- (lavia mania.] 
pOTis-to-tro'pi a. The theoretical chemical process 
by which, whenever a new substance is formed, 
the original atoms are destroyed and new ones 
created. [< inropi^eiv to provide-frpoTrr/turning.] 


pork tapeworm. =T^nia solium. 
por-nog'ra-phy. i. A history or description of pros¬ 
titution. 2. Obscene writing. [< TTopvr] prosti¬ 
tute-t-7pa0«p to write.] fpor-'nog'ra-pher. 
por-no-ther'a-py. Reglementation of prostitutes 
for the protection of public health, 
po'ro-cele. A scrotal hernia of stony hardness. 

[ < TTwpof stone + KTjXrj tumor.] 
poTO-ker-a-to'sis. Keratosis forming in raised, cir¬ 
cumscribed areas covered with horny tissue, 
po-ro'ma. A callus or hardened part, (s- Porosis. 
po-rom-phal'o-cele. Umbilical hernia with thick¬ 
ened walls. 

po-ro-plas'tic. Both porous and plastic. P. felt, 
a variety of felt used for splints and jackets, 
po-ro'sis. The process by which fractured bones 
are reunited by callus. [< Trupuaig callus.] 
po-ros'ity. The state of having pores, 
po-rot'ic. I, Favoring the growth of connective 
tissue. 2. A medicine that promotes the forma¬ 
tion of connective tissue or callus, 
po-rot'o-my. The surgical slitting or enlargement 
of the meatus urinarius. 

po'rous. Having pores. P. canal, a supposed canal 
in the envelopes of the ovule for the entrance of 
spermatozoa. P. plaster, a spread plaster perfo¬ 
rated to render it more pliable. [ < iropoc pore.] 
por'phy-ra. i. Purpura. 2. Scarlatina puerpe- 
RALis. 3. A porphyry slab or tablet for apothe¬ 
caries’ use. [< TTop^vpa purple.] 
por-phy-ra'tion. The first stage in the gastric diges¬ 
tion of proteins. [< nopcphpa purple.] 
por'phy-rine. An antipyretic alkaloid, C21H25N3O2, 
from Alsto'nia constricta. 
por'phy-rism. = Scarlatina. 

por’phy-ri-za'tion. Pulverization: because often 
done on a slab of porphyry, 
pofphy-ro-der'mites. A group of skin diseases, in¬ 
cluding the hemorrhages and ecchymoses. 
por‘phy-ro-ty'phus. Malignant scarlet fever, 
por-phy-ru'ri a, por-phy-u'ri a. The secretion of 
urine colored with purpurin. 
por'phy-ry. A very hard, mottled stone, often pur¬ 
ple in color. [< iropipvpa purple.] 

Porret’s phenomenon (po-rez). An undulating 
movement in a muscle when a galvanic current 
passes through it lengthwise, 
por-ri'go. Ringworm of the scalp; scald-head; scal- 
lard. P. contagio'sa — IMPETIGO contagiosa. P. 
decal'vans = alopecia areata. P. favo'sa == 
FAVUS. P. fur'furans, ringworm of the scalp. P. 
larvalis, pustular eczema of the scalp; lactumen; 
milk-scall. P. lupino'sa or scutula'ta = favus. 
[L.] tpor-rig'i-nous. 

Por'rosMiil'ler’s operation. Caesarean section with 
lifting of the uterus out of the abdomen before 
extraction of the foetus. 

Por'ro’s operation. Excision of the ovaries and 
uterus by laparotomy, for pregnancy complicated 
by fibroids, Hysterectomy. 

Por'rosVeit’s operation. A variation of Porro’s 
operation with ligating of the stump and reposi¬ 
tion of it in its place. 

por'ta. I. A door or gate. P. hep'atis*, the trans¬ 
verse fissure of the liver. P. labyrin'thi = fenes¬ 
tra ROTUNDA, P. lie'nis, the hilum of the 
spleen. P. omen'ti, the foramen of Winslow. P. 
pulmo'nis = HILUM of the lung. P. re'nis, the 
concave part of the kidney where the vessels 
enter, 2. = Monro’s foramen. [L.] 
port'ac-id. = Porte-acide. 
por-ta'gi on. A portable disease-germ. 


PORTAL 


760 


POST CIBUM 


por'tal. Relating to the porta of any organ, espe¬ 
cially to the porta hepatis. P. canals, passages 
in the liver, each containing a branch of the por¬ 
tal vein, a branch of the hepatic artery, and a 
bilesduct. P. circulation 0=- circulation. P. 
cirrhosis, atrophic cirrhosis of the liver; hobnail 
liver. P. fissure, P. fossa, the transverse fissure 
of the liver. P. heart = spleen. P. phlebitis = 
PYLEPHLEBITIS. P. siuus, the sinus of the portal 
vein. P. vein, a large vein formed by the splenic 
and superior mesenteric veins; vena portae*. It 
enters the liver at the transverse fissure, dividing 
into a branch for each lobe and conveys the 
blood to the liver from the intestines and organs 
concerned in chylopoiesis. By its branches the 
interlobular plexuses are formed. P. veins, ac¬ 
cessory, branches of the portal vein from the 
areolar tissue and ligaments of the liver. [L.] 
Por'tal’s syrup. An antiscorbutic syrup containing 
horseradish root, scurvy*grass, nasturtium, gen¬ 
tian, madder, and cinchona. 

Por'ta’s operation, i. Embryotomy done by per¬ 
forating the thorax in the axillary region, per¬ 
forming evisceration, and podalic version. 2. 
Treatment of varicocele by injecting a saturated 
solution of chloral hydrate, 
portesacide (p6r-ta-sid). An instrument for mak¬ 
ing local applications of acid. [F.] 
portesaiguille (p6r-te-gil). A needlesholder. 
portesbougie (p6rt-bu-zhi). A tube used for guid¬ 
ing a bougie into the urethra. [F.] 
portescaustique (p6rt-c6-stic). An instrument for 
introducing caustic substances, as into the uterus 
or urethra. [F.] 

portesjneche (p6rt-m6sh). A silver wire, forked at 
the end, for applying a pledget of lint to deeps 
seated ulcers; forked probe. [F.] 
portesmoxa (p6rt-moc-sa). A handle or forceps 
used in moxiburium. [F.] 
portesnoeud (port-n^d). An instrument for apply¬ 
ing a ligature to the pedicle of a tumor. [F.] 
portespierre (p6rt-pi-^r). = PortesCaustique. 

por'ter. An infusion of malt and hops, owing its 
dark color to high=dried or charred malt. 

Por'ter’s sign. = Oliver’s sign. 
portfillet (port-ffFct). An instrument for applying 
a fillet to the body of the foetus. 

Porthe'sia chrysorrhoe'a. The brpwnstail moth 
whose caterpillar causes caterpillar rash. 
por'ti o. Part; portion. P. aryvoca'lis, short mus¬ 
cular fibres joined in front to the vocal cord and 
behind to the vocal process of the arytenoid. P. 
axilla'ris, the second part of the axillary artery. 
P. brachia'lis, the third part of the axillary ar¬ 
tery. P. du'ra, the facial nerve. P. in'ter du'ram 
et moFlem, P. interme'dia, an accessory fascicu¬ 
lus apparently connecting the portio mollis and 
the portio dura, from its close association with 
the facial and auditory nerves. It is regarded by 
many as an aberrant fasciculus of the glosso¬ 
pharyngeal nerve. P. ma'jor*, the large sensory 
root of the trigeminal nerve. P. mi'nor*, the 
small motor root of the trigeminal nerve. P. 
moFlis, the auditory or acoustic nerve. P. mus- 
cula'ris, the second division of the subclavian 
artery. P. pectora'lis, the first division of the 
subclavian artery. P. supravagina'lis [cer'vicis]*, 
that part of the neck of the uterus that lies im¬ 
mediately above the vagina. P. thora'cis, the 
first part of the axillary artery. P. vagina'lis 
[cer'vicis]*, the portion of the neck of the uterus 
lying within the vagina. [L.] 


por'ti-plex, por-ti-plex'us. The plexus joining the 
two lateral choroid plexuses, passing through the 
foramen of Monro {porta). 
port-lig'a-ture. An instrument for applying a lig¬ 
ature to a deep part. 

Portulac'a. A genus of portulacaceous plants. P. 
olera'cea (common purslane) is 
reputed to be diuretic and anti¬ 
scorbutic 

portswine. A deep=purple wine pro¬ 
duced in Portugal. P.sw. stain, 

N.EVUS. 

po'rus. I. A duct; a pore. P. acus'- 
ticus exter'nus*, the outer open¬ 
ing of the external auditory 
meatus. P. acus'ticus inter'nus*, 
the cranial opening of the interna) 
auditory meatus. P. op'ticus. i. 

= Optic DISK. 2. The opening in 
the sclerotic through which the optic nerve enters 
the eye. P. sudorif'erus*, the opening of a sudo¬ 
riparous gland. [< TTopog a ford.] 2. A callus. 
[< Tzupog tufa.] 

pose of a muscle. The quiet state of a muscle=fibre 
during the interval between stimulation and re¬ 
sponse. 

po-si'tion. I. The posture or attitude of the body 
or a part of the body, as for an operation or ex¬ 
amination. Specially named varieties are Dorsal, 
Dorsal elevated. Dorsal recumbent, Dorso- 
sacral, Edebohls’s ( = Simon’s), English (= ob¬ 
stetric), Fowler’s, Genucubital, Genupecto- 
RAL, Jacksknife, Knee^chest ( = genupectoral), 
Knee^elhow (= genucubital). Leap-frog, Li¬ 
thotomy (= dorsosacral). Obstetric, Pean’s, 
Roser’s, vShoe=andsstocking, Simon’s, Sims’s or 
semiprone, Trendelenburg’s, Walcher’s. 2. 
The relation of the presenting part of the foetus 
to the pelvis of the mother. ^Duncan’s p. ; 
presentation; Schultze’s p. [< L. po'nere to 
place.] . 

pos'i-tive. Real; direct; certain; not negative. P. 
accommodation, m- accommodation. P. angle, 
the parietal angle of Quatrefages. P. chemotaxis, 
^CHEMOTAXis. P. clectricity, that kind of static 
electricity produced by rubbing glass with silk; 
vitreous electricity; also galvanic electricity 
which acts on the electroscope in the same way 
as a piece of glass rubbed with silk. P. element 
or plate, the plate of zinc in the galvanic pile, the 
zinc or most oxidizable metal being in such com¬ 
binations always found to be positively, and the 
other negatively, electrical. cs^P. pole. P. ocu¬ 
lar, a microscopical ocular by which the image 
is formed outside of the ocular, Negative 
OCULAR. P. phase, opsonic index. P. pole, 
the termination of the conductor (electrode) at¬ 
tached to the negative element of a galvanic 
apparatus. P. scotoma, scotoma. P. Widal’s 
reaction, i^Widal’s reaction. [< L. positi'vus, 
fr. po'nere to fix.] fpos-i-tiv'i-ty. pos'-i-tor. 
Pos'ner’s method. &• Pyuria. 

po-sol'o-gy. That branch of medicine which treats 
of quantity or doses. [< Trbaoq how much + Adyof 
discourse.] fpos-o-log'ic, -log'i-cal, as P. tables. 
pos'set. A preparation of milk heated to boiling, 
and curdled with wine, molasses, or acid: some¬ 
times medicated. [< L. pos'ca an acid drink.] 
post. I. A prefix denoting behind, after, or back. 

2. = Postmortem: a colloquialism. [L.] 
post ci'bum. After eating or taking food. [L.] 
tpost-ci'bal. 



Portulaca. 



POSTERIOR 


(61 


POST MORTEM 

post mor'tem. After death, Postmortem. [L.J 
tpost-mor'tal. 

post-ac-ces'su-al. Taking place after a paroxysm, 
post-ac-e-tab'u-lar. Behind the acetabulum 
post-a'nal. Behind the anus. P. gut, a segment of 
the intestine behind the anus, due to abnormal 
formation of the cloaca during embryonic life: 
occasionally persistent. 

post-ap-o-plec'tic coma. Coma frequently following 
apoplectic stroke. 

post-ar-y-te'noid. Situated dorsad to the arytenoid. 
P. muscle, the posterior crico=arytenoid muscle ; 
postary tenoideus. 

post-au'di-to-ry. Situated dorsad to the auditory 
apparatus. P. fossa, a notch in the temporal 
bone separating the auditory plate from the tem¬ 
poral ridge. • 

post-ax'ial. Situated dorsad to the axis; posterior, 
post-bra'chi al. Situated on the dorsal aspect of the 
brachium, or upper arm. 

post-bra'chi um. The posterior process of the cor¬ 
pus quadrigeminum. 

post-caTca-rine fissure. An occasional cerebral fis¬ 
sure at the occiput running vertically, 
post-ca'va. The inferior, ascending, or posterior 
vena cava, tpost-ca'val. 

post-cen'tral convolution. The ascending parietal 
convolution. P. fissure or sulcus, the upper ver¬ 
tical line of the intraparietal fissure. 
post-cer-e-beTlar artery. The posterior inferior cere¬ 
bellar artery. 

post-cer'e-bral artery. The posterior cerebral artery, 
post-cer-vic'i-plex. The posterior cervical plexus, 
post-cho'ri oid artery. The posterior chorioid artery, 
post-ci'bal. Occurring after eating. is“ Post cibum. 
post-cis-ter'na. The cisterna magna. 
post-cla-vic'u-lar. Behind or above the clavicle, 
post-com'mis-sure. The posterior commissure, 
post-com-mu'ni-cant artery. The posterior com¬ 
municating artery. 

post-con-nu'bi al. Occurring after marriage, 
post-con-vul'sive. Occurring after a convulsion, 
post-cor'nu. = Cornu occipitale. fpost-cor'nu al. 
post-cra'ni al fossae, Cranial foss^. 
post-cri'brum. The posterior perforated space, 
post-cru'ci ate convolution. The posterior portion 
of the sigmoid convolution, 
post-cu'bi-tal. On the dorsal aspect of the forearm. 
post*di-as-tol'ic. After diastole, as a P. murmur. 
post-di-crot'ic. Occurring after a dicrotic pulsation 
or wave. P. wave, the second recoil wave of the 
downstroke in the sphygmogram. 
post-diph-the-rit'ic. Occurring after diphtheria. P. 

paralysis = diphtheritic paralysis. 
post-dor-mit'i al. Occurring on awakening, as P. 
epilepsy. 

post-du'ral artery. The posterior meningeal ar¬ 
tery. 

post-em-bry-on'ic. After the embryonic stage, 
post-ep-i-lep'tic. After an attack of epilepsy, 
pos-te'ri or. Situated dorsally, or to the rear. P. 
annular ligament, annular ligament, pos¬ 
terior. P. atlantosoccipital membrane, ts- oc- 
ciPiTOsATLOiD LIGAMENT. P. auricular artery, 
a branch of the external carotid, supplying the 
middle ear, parotid gland, the digastric and other 
muscles, etc.; A. auricularis posterior^. P. au'ris, 
a muscle situated behind the ear, consisting of 
one or more bundles of superficial fleshy fibres; 
M. retrahens auriculare; M. auricularis posterior*. 
It draws back the pinna of the ear. P. capsule, 
CAPSULE OF THE LENS. P. Central convolu¬ 


tion, the ascending parietal convolution. P. 
cerebral artery, a paired branch of the basilar 
artery giving off branches to the cerebral ganglia 
and the cerebral peduncles; A. cerebri posterior*. 
P. cerebral lobe. i. A portion of the cerebral 
lobe behind the sylvian fissure. 2. The spigelian 
lobe. P. chamber of the eye, chamber of 
the eye. P. chorioid artery, chorioid arte¬ 
ry P. clinoid process, clinoid process. P. 
column, the posterior tract of white nerve*sub- 
stance situated in the spinal cord between the 
posterior horns and the posterior median fissure; 
columna posterior*. P. commissure = commissU' 
RA POSTERIOR ciNEREA. P. common Vertebral 
ligament, VERTEBRAL ligament. P. communi¬ 
cating artery = communicans wiLLisi. P. costo¬ 
transverse ligament, costotransverse liga¬ 
ment. P. cranial fossa, cranial fossae. P. 
curvature of the spine = kyphosis. P. dental 
canal, dental canal, posterior. P. elastic 
lamina or layer = Descemet’s membrane. P. 
focus, &• CARDINAL POINTS. P. fontauel, FON¬ 
TANEL, P. fornix, i^anterior fornix. P. fossa, 
IS- CRANIAL FOSS.E. P. gluteal line, the superior 
CURVED LINE of the ilium. P. gray commissure 
= COMMISSURA POSTERIOR CINEREA. P. hom, IS* 
CRESCENTS OF THE SPINAL CORD. P. inferior 
lobe, the posterior division of a lateral half of 
the cerebellum. P. inferior spine of the ilium, an 
elevation upon the border of the ilium, just 
above the great sciatic notch. P. intermediate 
furrow, the posterior paramedian sulcus. P. 
lateral fissure, a slight furrow on each side of the 
posterior median fissure, formed by the series of 
posterior rootlets of the spinal nerves. P. len- 
ticonus, i^ LENTicoNUS. P. ligament, i. {Of the 
ankle-joint.) A few transverse fibres behind the 
ankle*joint; ligamenHim malleoli lateralis posteri- 
us*. 2. {Of the elbow.) The posterior portion of 
the capsular ligament attached to the olecranon 
and the lower end of the humerus. 3. {Of the 
incus.) The band connecting the horizontal proc¬ 
ess to the wall of the tympanum ; ligamentum 
incudis posterius*. 4. {Of the knee-joint.) The 
posterior thickened portion of the capsular liga¬ 
ment; ligamentum popliteum obliquum*. 5. {Of 
the wrist.) A band between the lower border of 
the radius and the first row of the carpal bones. 
6. {Of the uterus.) = Recto*uterine fold. P. 
longitudinal fasciculus, i^ longitudinal fas¬ 
ciculus. P. margin = MARGO posterior*. P. 
median fissure == fissura longitudinalis pos¬ 
terior. P. mediastinum, ^mediastinum. P. 
medullary velum, i^ medullary velum. P. men¬ 
ingeal artery, i^ meningeal ARTERIES. P. men¬ 
ingitis, meningitis affecting the cerebellar region. 
P. *nares, ts- naris. P. nasal spine, m- nasal 
SPINE. P. nephrectomy, nephrectomy. P. 
nucleus = principal auditory nucleus. P. 
oesophageal plexus, oesophageal plexus. 
P. palatine arch, palatine arches. P. pala¬ 
tine canal = PALATINE canal, posterior. P. 
palatine foramen, m- palatine foramen. P. 
parietal convolution, the ascending parietal 
CONVOLUTION. P. perforated space, perfo¬ 
rated SPACE. P. polar cataract, polar cata¬ 
ract. P. pole, the posterior end of the antero¬ 
posterior axis of the crystalline lens; polus pos¬ 
terior lentis*. P. polioencephalitis, polien¬ 
cephalitis. P. renal nerve, the smallest splanch¬ 
nic nerve. P. rhinoscopy, RHINOSCOPY. P. 
root, the sensory root of a spinal nerve; dorsal 


POSTERIUS 


762 


POSTMORTEM 


root, fs - Anterior root. P. round ligament, 
ROUND LIGAMENT. P. sacral foramina, four pairs 
of foramina each on the dorsum of the sacrum 
through which the dorsal branches of the sacral 
nerves pass ; foramina sacralia posterior*. P. scle¬ 
rosis = LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA, P. sclerotomy, 
SCLEROTOMY. P. scrotal artery, ^scrotal ar¬ 
tery, P. spinal artery, &■ spinal arteries. P. 
spinal sclerosis = LOCOMOTOR ataxia. P. staphy¬ 
loma, STAPHYLOMA, P. SUlcUS = ReIl’s POS¬ 
TERIOR SULCUS, P. superior tubercle = meta- 
poPHYsis, P. surface of the knee = poples*, 
P. supraclavicular nerves = supra=acromial 
NERVES, P. synechia, adhesion of the iris to 
the capsule of the lens, P. thoracic nerve = 
THORACIC NERVE, POSTERIOR, P. tibial muscle 
= TIBIALIS POSTICUS. P. tibial nerve = TIBIAL 
NERVE, POSTERIOR. P. tibial Vein = TIBIAL VEIN, 
POSTERIOR. P. triangular ligament = TRIANGU¬ 
LAR LIGAMENT, POSTERIOR. P. triangular space, 
an area limited by the posterior border of the 
sternocleidomastoid muScle, the anterior border 
of the trapezius, the occiput, and the upper 
border of the clavicle. P. trochlear nucleus = 
TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS, POSTERIOR. P. UmbilicUS, 
IS - UMBILICUS POSTERIOR. P. vaginismus = va¬ 
ginismus, POSTERIOR. P. vertebral ligament, a 
strong, fibrous band situated at the fore part 
of the spinal canal, extending from the occipital 
bone the entire length of the latter. P. vesicular 
column, the column of Clarke. [L., “ after.”] 

pos-te'ri us. The neuter form of the Latin ad¬ 
jective POSTERIOR. 

pos'te-ro-. Signifying behind or posterior: a com¬ 
bining form. [< L. poste'rior.] pos'te-rosex- 
ter'nal, both posterior and external, as P. angle, 
in veterinary medicine, the tuberosity of the 
ischium: P. column, the outer portion of the 
posterior column of the spinal cord; Burdach’s 
column. — pos’te-ro=in-ter-me'di-a-ry fissure, a 
depression on the dorsal surface of the cervical 
portion of the spinal cord.— pos'te-ro=in-ter'nal, 
both posterior and internal, as P. column = pos¬ 
teromedian COLUMN. — pos*te-ro-lat'e-ral, both 
backward and lateral, as P. arteries, branches 
from the ganglionic divisions of the posterior 
cerebral arteries, giving off branches to the crus 
cerebri, optic lobes, and corpora quadrigemina: 
P. column, either of the cuneiform columns of 
the cord: P. /t55Mr^ = posterior lateral fis¬ 
sure: P. groove, a furrow on the spinal cord from 
wbichtheposteriornerve=roots issue: and P. scle¬ 
rosis, degeneration of the posterior and lateral 
columns of the spinal cord; ataxic paraplegia.— 
pos'te-ro-me'dian, both posterior and median, as 
P. arteries, branches of the posterior cerebral ar¬ 
tery passing through the cerebral substance to the 
inner part of the optic thalamus and the walls of 
the third ventricle: P. column, the middle divi¬ 
sion of the posterior column of the cord; Goll’s 
column: P. fissure = fissura longitudinalis 
POSTERIOR. — pos'te-ro-pa-ri'e-tal, having relation 
with the posterior portion of a parietal lobe or 
bone, as P. area, the portion of the parietal bone 
lying behind the parietal eminence: and P. con¬ 
volution or gyrus, the ascending parietal con¬ 
volution. — pos’te-ro-su-pe'ri or, both posterior 
and superior, as P. lobule, the superior parietal 
lobule. — pos*te-ro-tem'po-ral, having relation 
with the rear or backward part of the temporal 
bone.— pos’te-ro-ter'mi-nal, at or pertaining to 
the posterior end. 


pos-ter'u-la. The space between the posterior nares 
and the turbinal bones. 

post-feb'rile. Following a fever, as P. arthritides. 

P. insanity: P. neuritis: and P. paralysis. 
post-for'ceps. The posterior forceps. 
post-fo'vea. = Fovea posterior. 
post-fron'tal artery. A branch of the anterior 
meningeal artery to the praecuneus and part of the 
occipital fissure. P. fissure, the frontal fissure, 
post-gem'i-num. The posterior pair of corpora 
quadrigemina. 

post*ge-nic-u-la'tum, post-ge-nic'u-lum. The inter¬ 
nal geniculate body, Corpora geniculata. 
post-gle'noid. Situated behind a glenoid fossa. P. 
tubercle, a tubercle immediately anterior to the 
gasserian fissure. 

post-glob'u-lar neuritis. = Postocular neuritis. 
post'gon-or-rhoe'al. Following gonorrhoea, 
post-grac'ile. Behind the funiculus gracilis. 
pos-thal'gi a. Pain in the prepuce. [ < Tcoadt] pre¬ 
puce + aXyoq pain.] 

pos'the. The foreskin or prepuce. [ Gr. ttScBt].] 
tpos-thec'to-my = circumcision. 
post-hem-i-ple'gic. Occurring after hemiplegia, as 
P. chorea, chorea affecting partly paralyzed mus¬ 
cles after hemiplegia: P. epilepsy, a form of Jack¬ 
sonian EPILEPSY found in children after hemi¬ 
plegia: and P. movements, slight tremoT {n the af¬ 
fected muscles after an attack of hemiplegia, 
pos-thet'o-my. Surgical circumcision. [< ttooBij 
prepuce -f- TOjirj cutting.] tpos-thet'o-mist. 
pos'thi a. A stye on the eyelid. [Gr. iroodla.] 
pos'thi-o-plas-ty. Plastic surgery of the prepuce. 
[< TToadiov prepuce-I-TrildaafiP to form.] fpos'thi- 
o-plas'tic. 

post-hip-po-cam'pal fissure. = Calcarine fissure. 
pos-thi'tis. Inflammation of the prepuce; balano- 
posthitis. 

pos'tho-lith. A preputial calculus, 
pos'thu-mous. Occurring after death. P. child, a 
child born after the death of its father, or taken 
from the dead body of its mother by caesarean 
operation. [< L. postu'mus last: written errone¬ 
ously posthumus, as if it meant “ after burial.”] 
post-hy'oid. Behind the hyoid bone, 
post-hyp-not'ic. Occurring or taking place after 
hypnosis: applied to a form of suggestion taking 
place after the actual hypnotic state, 
post-hy-poph'y-sis. The posterior portion of the 
hypophysis cerebri. 

pos-ti'cus. = Posterior, tpos-ti'cous. 
post-in'su-la. The posterior region of the insula, 
post-is'chi al. Situated dorsad to the ischium, 
post-len-tic'u-iar. Situated behind the lens of the 
eye, as P. space. 

post-ma-la'ri al. Following malaria, 
post-mar'i-tal amblyopia. = Burns’s amaurosis. 
post-mas'toid tenderness. Tenderness situated be¬ 
hind and above the external auditory meatus in , 
septic thrombosis of the lateral sinus, 
post-me'di an. Situated behind a median plane or 
surface placed transversely or from side to side 
through the body. 

post-me-di-as-ti'num. The posterior part of the 
mediastinum, tpost-me-di-as-ti'nal. 
post-mor'tal. Occurring after death, as P. hemisys- 
tolia. nj.A.M.A. ij. ’03.] 
post-mor'tem. The systematic exposure and critical 
examination of the component parts of a cadaver 
or carcass, especially with the object of determin¬ 
ing the cause of death; postmortem examina¬ 
tion; autopsy; necropsy, deduction ; mortopsy; 


POSTNARIS 


763 


POSTVERMIS 


section; sectio cadaveris; sectio anatomica; mor- 
tisection; post (colloquial), ^Postmortem. P. 
clot, a blood=clot formed in the heart or large 
vessels after death; when formed before death 
called antemortem. P. delivery, birth of a child 
after its mother’s death. P. invagination, invag¬ 
ination taking place after death. P. lividity, the 
bluish discoloration of the parts of a corpse which 
hang down, due to gravitation of the blood; cad¬ 
averic lividity. P. rigidity = rigor mortis, def. 
I. P. table, a table for the body upon which a 
postmortem is to be performed: supplied with 
artificial light and water from above and connect¬ 
ing in its centre with a drain and a ventilating 
shaft. P. wart = ANATOMICAL TUBERCLE, [L. pOSt 
mor'tem, after death.] 

post-na'ris, pi. -na'res. A posterior naris. tpost- 
na'ri al. 

post-na'sal catarrh. Catarrh of the nasopharynx, 
post-na'tal. Occurring after birth, 
post-ob-lon-ga'ta. That portion of the medulla ob¬ 
longata which is situated below the pons. The 
portion which lies between the pons and the 
fourth ventricle is called the pre>oblongata. 
post-oc-cip'i-tal fissure. An occasional vertical fis¬ 
sure forming the anterior boundary of the supe¬ 
rior occipital convolution. 

post-oc'u-lar neuritis. Neuritis of that part of the 
optic nerve situated behind the eyeball, 
post-oe-so-pha'ge al. Behind the oesophagus. 
post-oTi-va-ry. Situated behind the olivary body, 
as P. = SULCUS POSTOLIVARIS. 

post-o-mo-ster'num. A posterior omostemum. 
post-op'e-ra-tive. Occurring after any surgical or 
other operation, as P. tetanus. 
post-o-per'cu-lum. That part of the operculum 
formed by the supertemporal convolution; the 
temporal operculum. 

post-op'tic ganglion. The basal optic ganglion, 
post-o'ral. Situated behind the mouth, as P. arches 

= VISCERAL ARCHES. 

post-or'bi-tal. Situated behind the orbit, as P. fis¬ 
sure, part of the orbital fissure, 
post-o'tic. Situated behind the ear. 
post-pal'a-tine. Behind the palate or palatine bone, 
post-par-a-lyt'ic. Occurring after paralysis, as P. 

c/torm = POSTHEMIPLEGIC CHOREA, 
post-par-oc-cip'i-tal fissure. An occasional fissure 
in the occipital portion of the paroccipital convo¬ 
lution. 

post-par'tum. After or subsequent to childbirth. 
P. chill, a chill, lasting several minutes, often fol¬ 
lowing expulsion of the child. P. hemorrhage, 
hemorrhage following delivery. P. shock, the ex¬ 
haustion immediately following labor. P. tor¬ 
mina, fs- TORMINA. [< L, post after d- par'tus, 
bring forth.] 

post-pe-dun'cle. Either of the inferior peduncles of 
the cerebellum, fpost-pe-dun'cu-lar. 
post-per-fo-ra'tus. The posterior perforated 

SPACE. 

post-pha-ryn'ge al. Behind the pharynx: applied to 
a tumor or an abscess so situated, 
post-pi-tu'i-ta-ry. Behind the pituitary body, 
post-pneu-mon'ic. Following pneumonia, 
post-poned' labor. Labor occurring considerably 
after the normal term. 

post-po'nent, -nens. Delaying in regard to an ex¬ 
pected recurrence. 

post-pon'ing intermittent. Intermittent fever in 
which the paroxysms come on at a later time 
every day. 


post-pon'tile. Situated behind a pons, especially 
behind the pons varolii. P. area, an area of the 
brain behind the pons varolii. It includes the 
area elliptica and the area ovalis, P. recess, the 
foramen caecum of the brain, 
post^pros-tat'ic pouch. =Trigonum vEsiCiE, 
post-pu-er'pe-ral. Occurring after childbirth, 
post-py-ram'i-dal nucleus. = Nucleus funiculi 
GRACILIS*. P. tract, the posterior pyramid of the 
medulla oblongata. 

post-ra'mus. The horizontal branch of the stem of 
the arbor vitae of the cerebellum, 
pos-tre'mus pedis. The extensor brevis digitorum 
of the foot, 

post-res'ti-form tract. One of the tracts occupying 
the lateral column of the spinal cord, 
post-rhi'nal fissure. =Basirhinal fissure. 
post-ro-lan'dic. Behind the fissure of Rolando. 
Post’s rhinoplasty, ts- Rhinoplasty. 
post-sa'cral. Situated behind (either dorsad or 
caudad to) the sacrum; urosacral. 
post-sca-le'nus. The scalenus posticus muscle, 
post-scap'u-la. The plateslike part of the scapula 
below the spine, fpost-scap'u-lar, as P. fossa — 
infraspinous fossa. 

post-scar-la-ti'nal. Following scarlatina, 
post-sep'tal fissure. A small fissure running verti¬ 
cally on the mesal surface of the posterior part of 
the occipital lobe. 

post sing. sed. liq. Abbr. for L. post sin'gulas se'des 
liq'uidas, after every loose stool, 
post-sphe'noid centres. Four pairs of centres for 
ossification of the sphenoid bone, one for each 
alisphenoid, a pair for the basisphenoid, one for 
each lingula, and one for each internal pterygoid, 
post-ster'tor-ous. Occurring after stertor. 
post-syl'vi an. Behind the fissure of Sylvius. P. 

fissure, the supertemporal or parallel fissure, 
post-sys-tol'ic. Occurring after the systole, 
poststar'sal. Situated behind the tarsus, 
poststem'po-ral. Situated behind (either dorsad or 
caudad to) the temporal bone or region. P. 
artery, a branch of the posterior cerebral artery 
supplying the basal surface of the occipital lobe, 
poststha-lam'ic artery. A branch of the posterior 
cerebral artery supplying the thalamus, 
poststib'i al. Sural; situated on the dorsal aspect 
of the lower leg. 

post'stip of the tongue. That part of the tongue 
which extends for an inch behind the tip, usually 
marked by a median depression, 
poststus'sive suction. A high=pitched, sucking 
sound with beginning inspiration after a cough: 
symptomatic of cavity formation, 
poststym-pan'ic. Situated dorsad to the tympanum, 
poststy'phoid. Occurring after typhoid, 
pos'tu-late. A demand; a proposition assumed to 
be true, fs- Koch’s postulates. 
pos'ture. Situation; position of the body; attitude. 
CB - Position, where the varieties are entered. P. 
sense, that kind of muscular sense by which the 
positions of the body or its parts are located. 
[< L. po'nere, pos'itum, to place.] fpos'tu-ral, as 
P. respiration, the production of artificial respira¬ 
tion by changes of posture: P. treatment, treat¬ 
ment by placing the patient in a favorable 
position. 

post-u'te-rine. Behind the uterus, 
post-vac'ci-nal. Occurring after vaccination, as a 
P. rash. 

post-ver'mis. That part of the cerebellum known 
as the vermis inferior. 


POSTZYGAPOPHYSIS 


POTASSIT 


764 

post-zy-ga-poph'y-sis. The inferior oblique process 
of a human vertebra, tpost-zygap-o-phys'i al. 
Pot. Abbr. for potion; also for potassa. 
po'ta-ble. Fit to drink; drinkable. [< L. potab'- 
ilis, fr. poia're to drink.] 

Potain’s solution (p6-tahz). A mixture of eqiial 
proportions of a solution of gum arabic, one of 
sodium sulphate, and one of sodium chloride: 
vised for diluting the blood in order to count the 
corpuscles. 

pot'am-o-pho'bi a. Morbid fear or dread of sheets 
of water, as rivers, lakes, etc. 
pot'a-mo-py'ra. A paludal fever. [< izorafio^ river 
+ TTvp fire.] 

pot'ash. I. The vegetable alkali also termed kali; 
POTASsii HYDROxiDUM* Or caustic potash. 2. Com¬ 
mercial potassium carbonate, the potash of com¬ 
merce, obtained by the lixiviation of wood=ashes. 
It is a powerful caustic to living tissues, and is a 
violent corrosive poison when taken internally. 
P. soap, soap in the manufacture of which potash 
is used to saponify the fat. [< L. potas'sa.] 
po-tas'sa. The 1890 U. S. P. name for potassii hy- 
DROxiDUM*. P. cum cal'ce, the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for “ potassa with lime,” a preparation made from 
500 Gm. of potassa and 500 Gm. of lime. It is a 
. more manageable caustic than potassii hydroxi- 
dum*. P. sulphura'ta, the 1890 U. S. P. name for 
“ sulphurated potassa ” or hepar sulphuris (liver 
of sulphur). It is a preparation of 100 Gm. of 
sublimed sulphur and 200 Gm. of potassium car¬ 
bonate. It is used as a local irritant, as an ant¬ 
acid, to produce the alterative effects of sulphur, 
in ointments and lotions for sciatica, and in small 
doses for sore throat and croup. In large doses 
it is actively poisonous. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 
pot-as-sam'ide. An olive^green substance, KNH2, 
formed by heating potassium in ammonia gas. 
po-tas'sic. Belonging to or containing potassium, 
po-tas'si i. The genitive of L. potas'sium. P. ace'- 
tas*, potassium acetate, KCgHgOg, a very deliques¬ 
cent salt, soluble in water and alcohol: used as a 
diuretic and cathartic. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 
P. bicarbo'nas*, potassium bicarbonate, KHCO^, 
a colorless, transparent, crystalline substance: 
used almost exclusively as an antacid and diuretic 
in lithasmia. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). P. bichro'- 
mas, the 1890 U. S. P. name for P. dichromas*. P. 
bitar'tras*, potassium bitartrate, KHC^H^Og, or 
cream of tartar, which occurs in the form of color¬ 
less or slightly opaque, rhombic crystals, or of a 
white, somewhat gritty powder. It is cathartic, 
diuretic, and refrigerant. In large doses it is a 
hydragogue cathartic and is useful in dropsical 
affections. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). P. bro'midum*, 
potassium bromide, KBr, a colorless, crystalline 
substance. It is sedative, anaesthetic, and hyp¬ 
notic, and is useful in epilepsy, tetanus, nympho¬ 
mania, delirium tremens, and convulsions. Dose, 

I Gm. (15 grs.). P. carbo'nas*, potassium carbo¬ 
nate, K2CO3, a white, crystalline or granular 
powder. It is sometimes used as an antacid in 
dyspepsia and as a diuretic in dropsy. Dose, i 
Gm. (15 grs.), P. chloracetas, Nitromethane. 
P. chlo'ras*, potassium chlorate, KCIO3, a color¬ 
less, crystalline substance with a pearly lustre. 
Great caution should be observed in handling it, 
as dangerous explosions are liable to occur when 
it is heated or subjected to concussion or tritura¬ 
tion with organic and other substances. It was 
formerly much used in diphtheria and scarla¬ 
tina, but has no specific action in these affections 


and has caused death in several cases by its irri¬ 
tant action on the kidneys. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 
grs.). i^Trochisci potassii chloratis*. P. 
cit'ras*, potassium citrate, KgCgHgOy -I- HgO, a 
white, granular powder: used as a refrigerant 
diuretic and in fevers in the extemporaneous 
forms of neutral mixture and effervescent draught. 
Dose. I Gm. (15 grs.). P. cit'ras efferves'cens*, 
effervescent potassium citrate or granular salt, an 
effervescent mixture containing 20% of potassium 
citrate. Dose, 4 Gm. (60 grs.). P. cyan'idum*. 
potassium cyanide, KCN, a white, granular pow¬ 
der. It acts like hydrocyanic acid as a poison 
and as a medicine. Dose, 0.01 Gm. gr-)- 
P. dichro'mas*, potassium dichromate or po¬ 
tassii bichromas of the 1890 U. S. P., KoCrgO^j, 
occurring in large, orange^red, transparent, 
tabular prisms, odorless, having a bitter, dis¬ 
agreeable, metallic taste and an acid reaction. 
It is an irritant caustic which, in overdoses, 
is poisonous. Dose, 0.01 Gm. gr.). P. et 
so'dii tar'tras*, potassium and sodium tartrate 
or Rochelle salt, a colorless, transparent, crystal¬ 
line substance, KNaC4Hj0g + 4H20. It is a mild, 
cooling purgative, well suited to delicate and irri¬ 
table stomachs. Dose, 8 Gm. (120 grs.). P. ferro- 
cyan'idum*, potassium ferrocyanide, K4Fe(CN)g- 
-f-3H20, large, coherent, lemon^yellow, translu¬ 
cent, and rather soft four*sided prisms or tablets, 
having a sweetish and saline taste and a neutral 
reaction. It is said to be sedative, diaphoretic, 
and astringent. In pharmacy it is employed to 
prepare Prussian blue and hydrocyanic acid. 
Dose, 0.5 Gm. (74 grs.). P. hydrox'idum*, potas¬ 
sium hydroxide, KOH ; potassium hydrate; caus¬ 
tic potash; potassa of the 1890 U. S. P. It is a 
white, hard, dry solid, occurring in fused masses 
or in pencils, very deliquescent, odorless or hav¬ 
ing a faint odor of lye, of a very acrid and caus¬ 
tic taste, and a strongly alkaline reaction, 
Liquor potassii hydroxidi*. P. hypophos'- 
phis*, potassium hypophosphite, KH2PO2, a white, 
opaque, crystalline substance. It is very soluble 
in water and in alcohol. It has been extensively 
employed in the treatment of phthisis. Dose, 0.5 
Gm. (7^ grs.). P. iod'idum*, potassium iodide, 
KI, a colorless, crystalline substance. This is the 
most important of the preparations of iodine, and 
is largely used for producing the constitutional 
effects of that drug. It acts as a specific in peri¬ 
osteal nodes, syphilitic rheumatism, syphilitic 
diseases of the nervous system or large viscera, 
and other forms of advanced secondary or tertiary 
syphilis. It is said to be an efficacious remedy 
for diseases caused by mercury or lead. Dose, 0.5 
Gm. (7^ grs.), though this amount may cause un¬ 
pleasant gastric disturbances. In syphilis the 
dose may gradually be increased to 6.5 to 10 Gm. 
(100 to 150 grs.). The taste is well veiled by 
giving it in milk. ^Unguentum potassii 
lODiDi*. P. ni'tras*, potassium nitrate, or salt¬ 
petre, KNO3. It is a powerful antiseptic, and is 
considered refrigerant, diuretic, and diaphoretic. 
Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). P. perman'ganas*, potas¬ 
sium permanganate, KMnO^, occurring in deep 
purplesviolet, or nearly black, needle-shaped, 
rhombic prisms, odorless, having a sweet, after¬ 
ward disagreeable astringent taste, and a neutral 
reaction. It is decomposed when brought in con¬ 
tact with organic matter. It is a powerful disin¬ 
fectant, and has been much employed externally 
in hospital gangrene, fetid ulcers, cancerous ulcers, 


POTASSIO- 


765 


POTENTIAL 


gonorrhoea, abscesses, and wounds of all kinds. 
Internally, it has been given in diphtheria, scarla¬ 
tina, dyscrasia, erysipelas, and various zymoses. 
It has been used with asserted success as a remedy 
for the bites of venomous snakes, applied locally 
and given internally. Dose, 0.065 (i gr ). 

P. sul'phas*, potassium sulphate, K2SO4. It is a 
mild purgative, operating usually without pain or 
irritation. In very large doses it has proved an 
irritant poison. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 

po-tas'si 0-. Relating to or containing potassium: 
a combining form. [< L. potas'sa potash.] po- 
tas’si o-an-ti-mon'ic, containing potassium and 
antimony. — po-tas'si o-ba-ryt'ic, containing po¬ 
tassium and barium.— po-tas*si o-cu'pric, contain¬ 
ing potassium and copper.— po-tas*si o-fer'ric tar¬ 
trate =ferri ET POTASSfl TARTRAS*.- pO-taS*Si O- 

mer-cu'ric iodide, a yellow, crystalline substance, 
2(Hgl2KI) -f i^H 20. It is used as a test for alka¬ 
loids, and is said to have the property of diffusing 
excitement and equalizing the circulation.— po- 
tas'si o-tar'trate, a compound of potassium and 
some other base with tartaric acid, as Antimony 

/>. = ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TARTRAS*. 

po-tas'si um. A very soft, ductile, silvery white 
metal, first isolated by Davy in 1807, belonging 
to the alkali group, burning, when heated, with 
a flame of a peculiar violet color : sp. gr.. 0.865 
(the lightest of any metal except lithium); at. 
wt., 38.86; symb. K (from its Latin name Kali- 
urn). It has an intense affinity for oxygen and 
takes fire when thrown on water. P. acetate = 
POTASSII ACETAS*. P. alum, sulphate of alumi¬ 
num and potassium. j^Alum. P. arsenate, 
KgHAsO^: sometimes prescribed in malaria and 
skin diseases. Dose, 0.003 to 0.006 Gm. to 
rV g’*-)- P* arsenite, a whitish^gray powder, 
RjIIAsO^: used like the arsenate. Dose, 0.002 
to 0.004 Gm. (o^^ to gr.). tar Liquor potassii 
ARSEN iTis*. P. aurobromide, gold and potassi¬ 
um bromide, AuBr3.KBr-|-H20: used as an anti¬ 
epileptic and sedative. Dose, 0.01 to 0.04 Gm. 
(i to 5 g^"-)- P* bicarbonate = potassii bicar- 
BONAS*. P. bichromate = POTASSII dichromas*. 
P. binoxalate, white prisms, KHC20^ -f- H2O: some¬ 
times used in dilute solution as a drink. Dose, 

O. 008 to o.i Gm. ( 1 ^ to grs.). P. bisulphate, 
KHSO,: used in constipation with equal weight 
of sodium carbonate. Dose, 4 to 8 Gm. (60 to 
120 grs.). P. bitartrate = POTASSII bitartras*. 

P. bromide = POTASSII bromidum*. P. canthari- 
date, K2C10HJ2O-: used in tuberculosis in a 0.6 to 
1000 solution. Hypodermic dose of this solution, 

O. 2 to 0.36 Cc.(3 to 6 mins.). P. carbonate = potas¬ 
sii CARBONAS*. P. chloracetate, a potassium salt 
of chloracetic acid. P. chlorate = potassii chlo- 
RAS*. P. chloride, KCl : used as a reagent for 
heavy metals and alkaline earths. P. chromate, 
K2Cr04: occasionally used as an antisyphilitic. 

P. citrate = pot.assii citras*. P. cresolate, a 
compound of cresol with potassium, KC^HgO. P. 
cyanide = POTASSII cyanidum*. P. dichromate 
= POTASSII DICHROMAS*. P. disulphide, K2S2. P. 
ferrocyanide = potassii ferrocyanidum*. P. 
glycerinophosphate is used as a nerve tonic. Dose, 
by injection in physiological salt solution, 0.25 to 
0.3 Cc. (4 to 5 mins.) daily. P. hydrate or hy¬ 
droxide = potassii HYDROxiDUM*. P. hypophos- 
phite = potassii hypophosphis*. P. hyposul¬ 
phite =P. thiosulphate. P. iodate, a salt which 
has been proposed as a substitute for potassium 
chlorate. It produces the same curative effects 


more quickly, more energetically, and in smaller 
doses. It is said to be especially beneficial in 
diphtheria and gangrenous stomatitis. Dose, 0.25 
to 0.5 Gm. (4 to 8 grs.). P. iodide = potassii 
lODiDUM*. P. iodohydrargyrate = Potassiomer- 
cuRic IODIDE. P. myronate = sinigrin. P. 
nitrate = potassii nitras*. P. nitrate paper = 
CHARTA POTASSII NiTRATis. P. nitrite, a com¬ 
pound, KNO2, used like the other nitrites in 
epilepsy, gastralgia, and angina pectoris. Dose, 

O. 06 Gm. (i gr.). P. oxalate has been used 
as a substitute for lemonade, and is refrigerant. 
It is also used in a 1% aqueous solution for hy¬ 
podermic injection in phlegmonous inflammation. 

P. permanganate = POTASSII permanganas*. P. 
perosmate, K2OSO4: used in epilepsy, neuralgia, 
goitre, etc. Dose, 0.004 to 0-015 Gm. (y^^^ to ^ gr.). 
P. phosphate has been employed as an alterative 
in scrofula and phthisis and some other diseases. 
Dose, 0.65 to 2 Gm. (10 to 30 grs.). P. picrate, 
a yellow, crystalline explosive, CeH2(N02)30K. 
It is antiperiodic. P. saCcharate, an antidote for 
poisoning with mineral acids; antacetin. P. sili¬ 
cate, a colorless, vitreous compound, K2Si03. Its 
syrupy solutions are used in making immovable 
bandages for injured limbs; soluble glass. P. sul¬ 
phate = potassii SULPHAS*. P. sulphide, K2S, is 
used chiefly as a reagent for determining nitrogen. 
P. sulphite, a white, crystalline compound, K2SO3- 
4 - 2H2O. Its chief remedial power is based on its 
hostility to microscopic animalcules and fungi. 
Dose, I to 4 Gm. (15 to 60 grs.). P. sulphocyanate 
or sulphocyanide, KSCN, is used as a seda¬ 
tive, antispasmodic, and anodyne; P. thiocyanate. 
Dose, 0.05 to 0.2 Gm. (f to 3 grs.). It is found in 
the saliva. P. tartrate, 2K2C4HjO^ + H2O, is used 
as a diuretic and laxative. Dose, as a diuretic, i 
to 2 Gm. (15 to 30 grs.). P. teroxalate, salt of 
lemon. P. thiocyanate = P. sulphocyanate. P. 
thiosulphate, a compound, K2S2O3, occurs in sul¬ 
phurated potassa, and has properties similar to 
those of the sulphite; P. hyposulphite. P. xanth- 
ate or xanthogenate is obtained from carbon disul¬ 
phide with an alcoholic solution of potassium 
hydrate: used as an antiphylloxerin. [< L. po¬ 
tas'sa potash.] 

po-ta'to. The common name for the root (tuber) of 
Sola'num tubero'sum. It consists almost entirely 
of starch and water (starch, 18.8% ; water, 75%). 
P.sbacillus = Bacillus vulgatus. P.sbrandy, 
brandy made by distilling potatoes. P.sculture, 
a culture of bacteria in potato. P.scure, ingestion 
of mashed potatoes for the removal of foreign 
bodies from the alimentary canal. P.sfly, a name 
applied to several insects, especially to several 
species of Can'tharis found in the United States. 
C. vitta'ta, C. cine'rea, C. margina'ta, and other 
species are believed to be quite as effective as the 
official Can'tharis, or Spanish fly. P. poisoning, 
poisoning from the eating of potatoes, due to 
the development in them of solanine. P. 
spirit oil, amylic alcohol. P. spirits, whisky dis¬ 
tilled from potatoes. P.sstarch alcohol, amylic 
alcohol. P.ssugar, dextrose. P. treatment, i. = 
P. CURE. 2. A method of dieting in diabetes in 
which there is a daily diet of i to 2\ pounds of 
potatoes and the exclusion of bread. 

po'ten-cy. In homoeopathic use, the power of a 
medicine as developed by attenuation. 

po-ten'ti al. i. Powerful; potent; possible. In 
medicine, the term is applied to remedies which, 
though powerful, do not act till some time after 


POTENTIATION 


766 


PRACTISE 


they have been administered. 2. The electrical 
tension or pressure of a body. P. cautery, the 
application of caustic chemicals, as potassa, lu¬ 
nar caustic, etc. Actual cautery. P. energy, 
(^ENERGY. [< L. poten'tia power.] 
po-ten-ti-a'tion. = Potentization. 

Potentil'la. A genus of rosaceous plants. P. anse- 
ri'na, silversweed, a native of the Northern United 
States. Its leaves are astringent and tonic. P. 
canaden^sis, common cinquefoil, a perennial herb, 
a native of the United States. It is said to be 
diuretic and sudorific. P. rep'tans, cinquefoil, a 
native of Europe. It has an astringent root. P. 
tormentil'la, the systematic name of the tormen- 
til plant, a native of Europe. It is a simple and 
active astringent. [< L. po'tens powerful.] 
po-ten-ti-om'e-ter. An instrument for measuring 
difference of electrical potential, 
po'ten-tize. To bring to a homoeopathic attenua¬ 
tion. [<L. po'tens powerful.] tpO"ten-ti-za'tion. 
po-ten'tor. A mechanical device for the treatment 
of male impotence as a result of lack of penile 
erectility. 

po'ti o. A potion. [L.] 

po'tion. A medicinal mixture to be taken as a 
drink or administered in a spoon. Draught. 
po-to-cy-to'sis. The power of cells to ingest solu¬ 
tions. [< L. pota're to drink-)-/ci)ro5’ cell.] 
po-to-ma'ni a. Drinksmadness; delirium tremens, 
po-tom'e-ter. [‘U Sc. Proc. Roy. Dubl. Soc. ’04.] 
potpourri (po-pu-ri). A mixture of fragrant flow¬ 
ers, roots, gums, etc., either mixed together dry 
or preserved with salt. [F., “ medley.”] 
Pot'ten-ger’s sign. Intercostal rigidity in pulmo¬ 
nary and pleural conditions, 
pot'ters’ lung. Chronic lung inflammation in pot¬ 
ters, caused by inhaling dust. 

Pott’s aneurism. = Aneurismal varix. P.’s boss, 
the projection of the spinous processes of affect¬ 
ed vertebrae in Pott’s disease. P. curvature, acute 
posterior median curvature of the spine, due to 
Pott’s disease. P.’s disease, osteitis or caries of 
the vertebrae, frequently of tuberculous nature. 
P.’s fracture, fracture of the lower part of the 
fibula • with outward displacement. P.’s gan¬ 
grene, senile gangrene. P.’s paralysis, paralysis 
due to pressure on the spinal cord in Pott’s dis¬ 
ease. P.’s puffy swelling or tumor, a circum¬ 
scribed, oedematous swelling of the scalp, in¬ 
dicative of cranial osteomyelitis. [ < Percival Pott, 
an English surgeon, 1713-1788.] 
pouch. A caecal diverticulum or sac. ^Saccu- 
LUM. Specially named varieties are Broca’s, 
Douglas’s,// atV* ( = hairsfollicle), Ileoc^e- 
CAL, Laryngeal, Pararectal, Pressure, Rath- 
ke’s, Recto^uterine or rectovaginal (= Douglas’s), 
Rectovesical. 

Pou'ey’s operation. [Tf Sem. gynic. ’06.] 
poul'tice. A soft, mush*like mass of such sub¬ 
stances as flaxseed, bread and milk, and starch 
for application of heat, moisture, and medicinal 
substances to the skin; a cataplasma. 
pound. A measure of weight: in avoirdupois 
weight, 16 ozs. ; in troy and apothecaries’ weight, 
12 ozs. Symbol, lb. is- Weights and measures. 
P.snose, nasal hypertrophy, 
poun'dal. A unit of force, being that force which 
acting on a pound for one second produces a ve¬ 
locity of one foot per second, Dyne. 
poun'ded glass. Glass finely powdered: sometimes 
used as a poison. 

Poupart’s ligament (pfi-parz). The thickened lower 


portion of the aponeurosis of the external obliquiC 
muscle of the abdomen, which extends between 
the anterior superior spine of the ilium and the 
spine of the pubis and the pectineal line; liga- 
mentum inguinale [Pouparti]*. [< Franfois Pou- 
part, a French anatomist, 1661-1709.] 
pourd milk. = Colostrum. 
pourleche. = Perleche. [F.] 
pov'er-ty of the blood. Deficiency of the red cor¬ 
puscles or of the coloring matter of the blood, 
pow'der. The mass of small particles formed by 
grinding or pounding solid substances; pulvis. 
Powders are numbered according to the fineness 
of the sieve through which they pass, as a 
No. 60 powder is one which will pass through 
a sieve having 60 meshes to the linear inch. 
Specially named varieties are Aromatic (= pulvis 
AROMATICUS*), BLEACHING, Dover's ( = PULVIS 
IPECACUANHA ET OPII*), DuSTING, FaYNARD’s, 

Gray, Gregory’s ( = pulvis rhei compositus*), 
Impalpable, Insect, James’s ( = pulvis an- 
TIMONIALIS), Seidlitz ( = pulvis effervescens 
compositus*). 

Serum, Styp¬ 
tic, Talcum, 

Tully's ( = 

PULVIS MOR- 
PHINA COM¬ 
POSITUS*), Vi¬ 
enna (=VlEN- 
NA caustic), 

Vigo’s. P. s 
blower or sgun, 
an insufflator, 
or bellows, for 
throwing a medicinal powder into a cavity of the 
body. P. of Faynard = Faynard’s POWDER. P. 
stain, slate*colored marks in the skin due to the 
embedding of particles of powder, as from the 
force of an explosion. [< F. poudre, fr. L. pul'vis 
powder.] fpow'dered, as P. opium, opium dried 
at a temperature not exceeding 85° C. (185° F.) 
and reduced to a very fine powder: P.=wig sedi¬ 
ment, a deposit of potassium oxalate seen in the 
urine as a fine powder on a cloud of mucus, 
pow'er-less labor. Tedious labor due to atony of 
the uterus. 

Power’s operation. Removal of a corneal leucoma 
with a sharp punch, followed by insertion of a 
rabbit’s cornea. 

pox. I. Any eruptive disease. 2. The vulgar name 
for syphilis: formerly called great pox, to distin¬ 
guish it from variola, or smallpox. Chickensp. 
= VARICELLA. CoWsp. = VACCINIA. IS* ShEEPsP. ; 
SwiNEsP. 

Ppt. Abbr. for precipitate or prepared. 

Pr. Symbol for praseodymium; abbr. for pres¬ 
byopia. 

prac'ti-cal. Useful; applying knowledge to some 
useful end, as P. work, in the medical curriculum, 
means laboratory exercises, bedside instruction, 
bandaging, etc. 

prac'tice. A general term for the extent of business, 
as well as the performance of the duties, of a. 
physician, surgeon, dentist, or apothecary. P. 
of medicine, the practical application of the 
principles of the healing art, as distinguished 
from the theory of medicine, Practitioner. 

[ < TTpaKTLKTj, fr. 'KpaGCELv to do, to conduct 
business.] 

prac'tise. To perform the duties pertaining to a 
physician, surgeon, dentist, or apothecary. 



PoWDER-B LOWERS. 














PRACTITIONER 


767 


PRECIPITATE 


prac-ti'tion-er. One who holds himself or "herself 
out as being able to diagnose, treat, operate, or 
prescribe for any human disease, pain, injury, de¬ 
formity, or abnormal physical or mental condition, 
or who either offers or undertakes by any means 
or method to diagnose, treat, operate, or prescribe 
for any human disease, pain, injury, deformity, 
or abnormal mental or physical condition. The 
domestic administrator of family remedies, or the 
maker or manufacturer who mechanically fits arti¬ 
ficial eyes, limbs, or other apparatus or appliances 
is not to be included in the above definition. 
General p., one who practises medicine in all its 
branches. Irregular p., a quack. 

prae-. Denoting before or beforehand; preceding: 
a combining form, Pre-, where the majority 
of words beginning thus are entered, as prcBcava 
under precava. [< L. prcB before.] prae-crib'- 
rum, the anterior perforated space. — prae-cu'- 
ne us*, the quadrate (or quadrilateral) lobule of 
the brain.— pras-di-gas'tri-cus, the anterior belly 
(or portion) of the digastric muscle.— prae'ge-nic- 
u-la'tum, the external of the corpora geniculata. 

— prae-hy-poph'y-sis, the anterior portion of the 
hypophysis.— prae-na'ris, pi. prcena'res. prae-ce- 
so-pha'ge al, situated anterior to the oesophagus. 

— prae-o-per'cu-lum, the frontal operculum of the 
brain, between the presylvian and subsylvian fis¬ 
sures.— prae-per-fo-ra'tus, the anterior perfo¬ 
rated space. — prae-phthi'sis, the initial stage of 
phthisis.— prae-pu'ti um* = prepuce. P. clitor'- 
idis* = PREPUCE OF THE CLITORIS. —pras-rec-ta'lis, 
a layer of smooth muscular fibres between the 
apex of the prostate gland and the deep triangu¬ 
lar ligament.— prae-ret'i-na, the anterior, or cili¬ 
ary, portion of the retina.— prae-scap'u-la, that 
part of the scapula which lies cephalad to the 
spine.— pras-ster-na'lis, an occasional muscle ex¬ 
tending along the side or sides of the sternum.— 
prae-val'i-din, a proprietary ointment containing 
Peru balsam, oil of eucalyptus, and camphor: 
used against phthisis, pertussis, etc.— prae-ver'mis, 
the anterior and superior portion of the vermis of 
the cerebrum.— prse'via, placenta pr^evia. 

prag-mat-ag-no'si a. Inability to recognize an 
object. 

prag-mat-am-ne'si a. Inability to remember ap¬ 
pearances of things. [< TTpaypa oh]ect-\-afivriGia 
forgetfulness.] 

Prague method. Delivery, in cases of after^coming 
head, by pulling down the child until the peri¬ 
neum is distended, then raising the feet by circu¬ 
lar motion toward the mother’s abdomen, and 
pushing down and out the neck of the child. P. 

pelvis = SPONDYLOLISTHETIC PELVIS. 

prai'rie itch. A name for various cutaneous affec¬ 
tions, usually a combination of pruritus hiemalis 
and scabies, affecting farmers {Farmers’ itch), 
lumbermen {Lumbermen s itch), etc. 

Prand. Abbr. for L. pran'dium dinner. 

pra-se-o-dy'mium. An element: at. wt., 139.4: sp. 
gr., 6.5; symb., Pr. 

pra'soid. i. A solution of globularetm and globu- 
larin: used in gout and rheumatism. Dose, 15 to 
20 drops. [If Len. ’07.] 2. Resembling the leek 

in color. [< irpaaov leek.] 

P. rat. aetat. Abbr. for L. pro ratio'ne ceta'tis, in 
proportion to age. 

Pravaz’s syringe (pra-vaz'tz). A hypodermic syr¬ 
inge with a long, fine trocar and cannula. 

prax-in'o-scope. A form of zoetrope: used in laryn¬ 
geal study (< a doing-fu/coTreZv to view.] 


pre-. A combining form meaning before, anterior, 
preceding, etc. Pr.e-. [< L. prce before.] 
pre=ac-e-tab'u-lar. In front of the acetabulum. 
pre*=al-bu-mi-nu'ric. Occurring before that stage 
of disease at which albuminuria sets in. 
pre*5an-aes-thet'ic. Relating to the time before the 
discovery of anaesthesia. 

pre=a'nal. Situated in front of. or before, the anus 
pre=an-ti-sep'tic. Relating to the time before the 
discovery of antisepsis, 
presar-tic'u-lar. Situated in front of a joint, 
presa-sep'tic. Before the era of aseptic surgery, 
presa-tax'ic, sa-tac'tic. Occurring before the de¬ 
velopment of ataxia, as P. stage of tabes, 
presau'di-to-ry. Situated in front of the ear. 
presau-ric'u-lar sulcus. A groove in front of the 
auricular surface of the ilium for the attachment 
of the anterior sacroiliac ligament. 
pre=ax'i al. A term applied to all those parts of the 
lower animals which are below a line drawn 
through the backbone. The corresponding parts 
in man are also called pre^axial, though they 
might be termed infra=axial. The parts which 
are above in animals, and behind in man, are 
called postaxial. 

pre-bac'il-lary. Occurring before an attack of dis¬ 
ease caused by bacilli. 

pre'base. That part of the dorsum of the tongue 
which lies in front of the base and is enclosed 
between the circumvallate papillae and the end of 
the median linear groove. Post=tip. 
pre-can'cer-ous. Occurring before the cancerous- 
stage, as leucoplacia, chronic ulcers, Paget’s dis¬ 
ease, etc.; premalignant. 
pre-car'di ac. Situated in front of the heart, 
pre-car'ti-lage. Young cartilage; prochondrium. 
tpre-car-ti-lag'i-nous, occurring in the embryo 
before the stage at which cartilage is formed, 
pre-ca'va. The descending, superior, or anterior 
vena cava, fpre-ca'val. 

pre-cen'tral. Anterior central. P. convolution, the 
ascending frontal convolution, is - Frontal con¬ 
volution. P. fissure or sulcus, a cerebral fissure 
parallel to the ventral portion of the central 
fissure; sulcus prcecentralis*. 
pre-cer-e-bel'lar. Situated anteriorly to the cerebeP 
lum. P. artery, the superior cerebellar artery, 
pre-cer'e-bral. Anterior to the cerebrum, or situ¬ 
ated in the anterior part of the cerebrum. P. 
artery, the anterior cerebral artery, 
pre-chi-as-mat'ic area. The surface of the brain in 
front of the optic chiasm, 
pre-chor'dal. Situated in front of the notochord, 
pre-cho'roid. Before the choroid. P. artery, the 
anterior choroid artery. 

pre-cip'i-tate. i. To cause a substance in solution 
to settle down as a deposit on the bottom of the 
vessel which contains the solution. 2. The sub¬ 
stance which sinks to the bottom in the process 
of precipitation. Black p., ammoniated nitrate 
of mercury. Red p. = hydrargyri oxidum 
•RUBRUM*. White p. = hydrargyrum ammonia- 
TUM*. Yellow p. = HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM FLA- 
VUM*. 3. Hasty; premature, as P. labor, labor 
occupying an abnormally short time. [< L. prce- 
cipita're, to cast down.] fpre-cip'i-tant, the sub¬ 
stance by the addition of which a precipitate is 
formed, as P. urination, urination, pre-cip'- 
i-ta-ted, as P. calcium carbonate or chalk — cal- 
cii CARBONAS PR.ECIPITATUS*: P. calcium phos¬ 
phate =CAhcn PHOSPHAS PR^CIPITATUS*: P. sul- 
phur = ^VLPHVR PR^CIPITATUM*. 


PRECIHTATION 


768 


PREGNANCY 


pre-cip-i-ta'tion. The process of precipitating a sub¬ 
stance. held in solution by the addition of another 
substance: thus, when an acid and an oxide are 
united in solution, if an alkali be added having a 
greater affinity for the acid, it will combine with 
it, and the oxide will be precipitated. The oxide 
is named the precipitate, the alkali the precipitant. 
pre-cip'i-tin. A substance contained in certain sera 
and capable of precipitating from their solution 
an albuminoid material. This substance appears 
in the serum of an ^nimal following peritoneal in¬ 
jection of the serum of an animal of another 
species, thus a rabbit having been injected with 
human serum, its serum becomes capable of pre¬ 
cipitating human albumin. It forms the basis of 
the biologic bloodstest. Agglutinin ; antitox¬ 
in ; coAGULiN; Ehrlich’s lateral=chain theory ; 
LYsiN. tpre-cip'i-toid, cf. toxin ; toxoid. 
pre-cip-i-tin'o-gen. The substance that induces the 
formation of precipitin. It is part of the protein 
molecule and resists high temperatures, 
pre-cla-vic'u-lar. Situated anterior to the clavicle, 
pre-cli'val. Anterior to the cerebellar clivus, 
pre-co'cious. Early ripe ; premature ; developed be¬ 
fore the usual time. P. pregnancy, pregnancy at 
an unusually early age, sometimes even before 
the beginning of menstruation. [< L. pres'cox, fr. 
proB hQiore+co'quere to cook.] tpJ'®~coc'i-ty. 
pre-com'mis-sure. The anterior commissure of the 
brain. 

pre-com-mu'ni-cant artery. The anterior commu¬ 
nicating artery. 

pre-con'dy-lar foramen. The anterior condyloid 

FORAMEN. 

pre-con-vuTsant. Before the onset of convulsions, 
pre-cor'di a, -cor'di um. The fore part of the thorac¬ 
ic region; the region covering the heart and the 
stomach. [< L. pree before + cor, cordis heart.] 
tpre-cor'di al, as P. oppression, a sense of weight 
experienced about the precordia, or fore part of 
the chest: P. pain, heart=burn; pain referred to 
the region of the heart, but not originating in it. 
Spasmodic precordial pain may vary from a slight 
uneasiness to an intense anguish. It may be 
sharp and lancinating, dull and heavy, twisting, 
or grinding: and P. region, precordia. 
pre-cor-di-al'gi a. Pain in the precordia. 
pre-cor'ne al. On the front of the cornea; in front 
of the cornea. 

pre-cor'nu, pi. -cor'nu a. The forward horn, or cor¬ 
nu, of the lateral ventricle of the cerebrum, 
pre-cra'ni al fossae, Cranial foss^. 
pre-crib'rum. = Pr,ecribrum. 
pre-cu'ne us. = Pr.«cuneus. tp^e-cu'ne al, as P. 
fissure, a right*aiigled fissure in the prascuneus. 
pre-cu'ne ate. 

pre-cur'sor. Literally, a “forerunner”; a symptom 
which precedes a disease; prodrome. 
pre-di-a-stol'ic. Preceding the diastole of the heart. 
P. murmur, a murmur occurring just before the 
diastole. 

pre-di-crot'ic wave. The pulse^wave next previous 
to a dicrotic wave; first tidal wave, 
pre-di-gas'tric. Pr^digastricus. 
pre-di-ges'tion. i. The preliminary processes asso¬ 
ciated with digestion. 2. The digestion, or par¬ 
tial digestion, of food by artificial means before 
its ingestion; peptonization, tpre-di-ges'ted. 
pre-di-la-ta'tor. The anterior dilator of the nostril, 
pre-dis-po-si'tion. Any state of the system or pecu¬ 
liar condition or habit of body, temperament, or 
structure of a part, which renders a person sus¬ 


ceptible to disease, fpre-dis-po'sing, as P. cause, 
a cause which does not itself produce disease, but 
renders a person liable to it; remote cause, 
pre-dor-mi'ti um. The state of light sleep which 
precedes the profound sleep: fanciful pictures 
often appear before’the closed eyes, fpre-dor- 
mit'i al, as P. epilepsy, in which the attack occurs 
on falling asleep. 

pre-dor'sal. Situated in front of the back or imme¬ 
diately in front of the vertebral column, 
pre-du'ral artery. The anterior meningeal artery, 
presep-i-glot'tic. Situated anterior to the epiglottis, 
prece-rup'tive. Coming before eruption, 
prese-so-pha'ge al. = Pr.«=cesophageal. 
pre-fon-ta-nel'. The anterior fontanel. 
pre-for'ceps. The anterior forceps. 
pre-for-ma'tion. A theory of generation once prev¬ 
alent, that before conception all parts of the 
future being already existed in the ovum, but in¬ 
finitesimally small, and that fecundation simply 
caused their growth or unfolding. P. membrane, 
a membrane supposed to cover the dentinal 
papilla. P. theory = emboItement. 
pre-fo've a. = Fovea anterior. 
pre-fron'tal. i. The middle part of the e’thmoid 
bone. 2. Situated anterior to or in the anterior 
part of the frontal lobe. P. artery, a branch of 
the anterior cerebral artery to the mesal and con¬ 
vex surfaces of the superfrontal and part of the 
medifrontal convolutions. P. lobe, P. region, the 
part of the frontal lobe in front of the precen¬ 
tral fissure. P. section, i^Pitres’s sections. 
pre-gem'i-num. The anterior pair of corpora quad- 
rigemina. tpre-gem'i-nal. 
pre-ge-nic-u-la'tum. = Pr^geniculatum. 
pre-gle'noid tubercle. The tubercle near the root of 
the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, 
pre-glo'bin. An albuminoid derived from cyto- 
GLOBiN by the action of dilute acids, 
pre-glob'u-lin. An albuminoid substance derived 
from cytoglobin by decomposing it with acids. 


6 



Diagram Illustrating the Relations of the Fce- 
Tus, the Membranes, and the Uterus during the 
Early Months of Pregnancy. — i. Interdecidual 
space. 2. Decidua vera. 3. Decidua reflexa. 4. 
Umbilical vesicle. 5. Uterine blood-vessels. 6. Ma¬ 
ternal blood-spaces. 7. Fetal vilH. 8. Decidua pla- 
centalis. 9. Allantois. 10. Amnion, ii. Chorion. 12. 
Amniotic sac. (Reduced from Piersol.) 

preg'nan-cy. The state of being with young or with 
child ; GESTATION, Its normal duration in women 
is 280 days, or 10 lunar or 9 calendar months. 



PREGRARULAR 


PREPUBIC ANGLE 


7(\9 


cv" Obstetrical calendar. Its existence is in¬ 
dicated by cessation of the menses; morning 
sickness, lasting usually during the first three or 
four months; enlargement of the breasts, pig¬ 
mentation around the nipple, and development of 
milk; enlargement of the abdomen, beginning 
usually at the third or fourth month; softening 
of the cervix uteri; fetal movements, beginning 
at the ihiddle of the fifth month; ballottement, 
and sound of the fetal heart, tsr Corpus lute- 
um; vomiting of pregnancy. Specially named 
varieties are Abdominal, Ampullar, Cervical, 
Cornual, Ectopic or extrasUterine, Fallopian, 
False, Fatty, Feigned, Gemellary ( = twin). 
Hydatid, Hysterical, Infundibular, Inter¬ 
stitial, Intraligamentary, Molar, Multiple, 
Mural, Nervous ( = hysterical). Ovarian, 
Peritoneal, Phantom ( = hysterical). Plural, 
Precocious, Simple, Spurious ( = false). Tubal, 
Tubosabdominal, Tubosuterine, Twin*, and 
Unconscious. P. inheritance, the transmission of 
syphilis through the mother during pregnancy. 
[< L. prceg'nans, literally, previous to bringing 
forth.] tpreg'nant, with young or child, 
pre-gran'u-lar. Occurring before granulation, 
pre-hem-i-ple'gic. Occurring before an attack of 
hemiplegia. P. chorea, choreic movements of a 
limb preceding paralysis. P. pain, pain in a limb 
preceding paralysis. 

pre-hen'sion. The act of grasping or taking hold. 
[< L. prehen'dere to grasp.] tprC'hcii^sile, adapted 
for grasping, Atavism. 
prehn'i-tol. A hydrocarbon, Cj^Hj^O, formed by 
heating durene with concentrated sulphuric acid, 
pre-hy'oid glands. Accessory parts of the thyroid 
body sometimes seen near the hyoid bone, 
pre-hy-poph'y-sis. = PRiEHYPOPHYSis. 
presin'su-la. The cephalic portion of the insula, 
pre-lach'ry-mal. Situated anterior to the lachry¬ 
mal sac. 

pre-la-ryn'ge al gland. A lymphatic gland on the cri¬ 
cothyroid membrane, between the cricothyroids, 
pre-la'tent tuberculosis. = Tuberculoid. 
pre-leu-kae'mic. Preceding leukaemia, 
pre-lim'bic fissure. The anterior portion of the cal- 
losomarginal fissure. 

pre-lim'i-na-ry iridectomy. &• Iridectomy. 
pre'lum. A press. P. abdomina'le, the compression 
of the abdominal viscera between the diaphragm 
and the abdominal wall, as in the process of defe¬ 
cation or parturition. [L.] 
pre-lum'bar. Anterior, in situation, to the loins or 
the lumbar vertebrae. P. surface, the anterior 
surface of a lumbar vertebra, 
pre-ma-lig'nant. Preceding the malignant stage, 
pre-ma-ni'a-cal. Antecedent to an attack of mania, 
pre-ma-ture' labor. Labor which takes place dur¬ 
ing the last three months of the natural term, 
but before its completion. ^ Labor. P. men¬ 
struation, menstruation beginning early in life 
before the normal period. P. respiration, respira¬ 
tion on the part of a child before it is completely 
bom. [ < L. prcB before -t- matu'rus ripe.] 
pre-max'il-la-ry. i. In front of the maxilla. 2. 
The front part of the superior maxilla; the incisive 
bone. P. angle, the basifacial angle. P. centre, 
one of the ossification centres of the maxilla. It 
gives rise to that part which lodges the incisor 
teeth. P. sector, an area in the median plane of 
the skull between two lines from the hormion to 
the alveolar and subnasal points, 
pre-mcn'stru al. ‘ Antecedent to menstruation. 

49 


pre-mo'lar. Any one of the two pairs of teeth in 
each jaw immediately following the canine; bi¬ 
cuspid ; dens premolaris*. 

pre-mon'i-to-ry. Advising beforehand; giving pre¬ 
vious warning; precursory; applied to symptoms 
which give an indication or warning of the advent 
or onset of certain diseases, as rigors during the 
invasion of fever. P. pain, ineffectual uterine 
contractions before the beginning of true labor. 
[< L. prcemone're to forewarn.] tpre-mo-ni'tion. 
pre-my-cot'ic. Preceding mycosis. 

Prenan'thes al'ba. ^Nabalus. P. serpenta'ria, 
rattlesnake root, a composite plant, a native of 
Virginia and North Carolina: said to be a remedy 
for the bites of poisonous serpents, 
pre-na'tal. Occurring or existing before birth, 
presob-lon-ga'ta. ^ Postoblongata. 
presoc-cip'i-tal fissure. A fissure on the ventro¬ 
lateral surface of the cerebrum, separating the 
occipital and sphenotemporal lobes. P. notch, a 
notch on the lower edge of the surface of the 
brain, between the occipital lobe and the tem¬ 
poral lobe. 

pre=oe-so-pha'ge al. == Pr/e*cesophageal. 
preso-mo-ster'num. An anterior omosternum. 
preso-per'cu-lum. = Prajsoperculum. 
presop'tic. Situated before the optic lobes. P. 
artery, the anterior quadrigeminal artery, a 
branch of the posterior cerebral to the optic lobe, 
preso'ral. Situated before the mouth. P. arches, 
the arches formed by the facial plates of the 
embryo. 

presor'bi-tal convolution. A cerebral convolution 
situated in the prefrontal lobe at the junction of 
the frontal and orbital aspects of the cerebrum. 
P. fissure, the antorbital fissure, 
preso-va'ri an. Anterior to the ovary, 
pre-pal'a-tal. Situated in fro»t of the palate, 
pre-pal'a-tine centre. One of the ossification centres 
of the maxilla. It gives rise to the nasal surface 
of the maxilla and the posterior part of the pala¬ 
tine process. 

pre-par'a-tin. = Amboceptor. 
prep-a-ra'tion. The act of making ready; the state 
of being ready or prepared; the product of a 
pharmaceutical operation, as the Ps. of the U. S. 
Pharmacopoeia. [< L. proe before +para're to pre¬ 
pare.] P. 606 = SIX hundred and six. tpre- 
par'a-tive. prep'a-ra-tor = amboceptor. 
pre-pared' chalk. = Greta pr^eparata*. P. sponge 
= spongia pr^parata. 

pre-par-oc-cip'i-tal fissure. A fissure in the parietal 
portion of the paroccipital convolution, 
pre-pa-tel'lar. Lying in front of the patella. P. 
buisa, a subcutaneous bursa over the patella and 
the upper part of the ligamentum patellas; bursa 
proe patellar is subcutanea*. 

pre-pe-dun'cle. Either of the superior peduncles of 
the cerebellum. 

pre-per'fo-rant artery. A branch of the anterior 
cerebral artery to the caudate nucleus, 
pre-per-i-to-ne'fid cavity or space. The series of 
areolar spaces below the peritoneal tissue in front 
of the bladder; cavity of Retzius. 
pre-pla-cen'tal. Before formation of the placenta, 
pre-pon'tile fossa. =FofeAMEN c.ecum, def. 2. 
pre-po'ten-cy. The marked tendency of one parent 
to transmit its characteristics to the offspring in 
contrast to the lesser power of the other parent. 
[< L. prcB before -f pos'se to be able.] •fpre-po'- 
tent. 

pre-pu'bic angle. = Penile ancle. 


PREPUCE 


770 


PRESSURE 


pre'puce. The cutaneous fold which covers the 
glans penis; foreskin; prcBpuiium*. P. of the 
clitoris, the cutaneous fold which covers the glans 
c\\Xor'\s\ prcEputium clitoridis*. Posthitis. [< 
L. pr(Spuiiunt.] tpr®"pu'tial, as P. glands — Ty- 
son’s glands. 

pre-pyr'a-mid. An anterior pyramid of the oblon¬ 
gata. tpre-py-ram'i-dal, as P. tract, the anterior 
pyramid of the medulla. 

pre-ra'mus. The vertical branch of the stem of the 
arbor vitae of the cerebellum, 
pre-rec'tal lithotomy, m- Lithotomy. 
pre-rec-ta'lis. = PrvErectalis. 
pre-re'nal. Situated before the kidney, 
pre-re-pro-duc'tive. Preceding the time when re¬ 
production is possible. 

pre-ret'i-na. =Pr.«retina. fpre-ret'i-nal. 
pre-ro-lan'dic convolution. The ascending frontal 
convolution. 

pres-by-cu'sis. Lessened acuteness of hearing con¬ 
sequent upon old age. [<^'iTpea(ivq old man-f 
aaoveiv to hear.] 

pres-by-o'pi a, pres'by-o-py, pres-by'ti a, pres'by- 
tism. A condition common to persons after 40 
years of age, due to progressive loss of accommo¬ 
dative power of the eye, and consequent recession 
of the NEARsPoiNT, by which objects are seen im¬ 
perfectly when near but clearly when a little re¬ 
moved; oldssightedness. It is corrected by con¬ 
vex lenses and sometimes passes off in old age. 
[< TTpea^v^ old man -I- of eye.] tpres'by-ope or 
pres'byte, one affected with presbyopia, pres-by- 
op'ic. pres-byt'ic. 

pres-by-sphac'e-lus. = Senile gangrene. [< , 
TTpcajSvg old man -f ufdKeXog sphacelus.] 
pre-sca-le'nus. = Scalenus anterior. 
pre-scap'u-la. =Pr^scapula. tpre-scap'u-lar. 
pre-scle-ro'sis. A condition preceding sclerosis, 
pre-scrip'tion. A written formula by a physician 
to a pharmacist directing the preparation of a 
medicine. It consists of the name of the patient, 
the superscription (indicated by the symbol R 
for the L. reci'pe take), the inscription or names 
and quantities of the ingredients, the subscription 
or directions to the compounder, the signa or di¬ 
rections for the patient, and the signature of the 
physician and the date. P.sbook, a book em¬ 
ployed for filing prescriptions. P.sglass. i. The 
lens of a spectacle which is ground in accordance 
with a prescription. 2. A glass cup or graduate 
such as is used in filling physicians’ prescriptions. 
[< prcB before -f scri'bere to write.] fpre-scribe'. 
pre-seg'men-ter. A fulLgrown malaria parasite 
after the pigment has. accumulated in masses, but 
before segmentation has occurred, 
pre-sem-i-lu'nar lobe. The posterosuperior lobe of 
the cerebellum. 

pre-sem'i-nal. Previous to fecundation, 
pre-se'nile. Occurring before old age, as P. alopecia 
or baldness, tpre-se-nil'i-ty. 
pres-en-ta'tion. The putting forward by the foetus 
of some particular part of its body, so that it ap¬ 
pears at os uteri. Special varieties are Abdom¬ 
inal, Arm, Breast, Breech, Brow, Cephalic, 
Cheek, Chin, Coccygeal ( = breech). Com¬ 
pound, Face*, Foot or footling. Frontal (= 
face), Funis, Head, Knee, Longitudinal, 
Mouth*, Neck, Occipital, Occipito*anterior, 
OcCIPITOLATERAL, OCCIPITOPOSTERIOR, OCCIPI- 
tosacral. Pelvic, Placental (= placenta pre¬ 
via), Polar (= longitudinal). Preternatural, 
Primary, Secondary, Shoulder, Side, Trans¬ 


verse or trunk, and Vertex. P. of the cord, the 
appearance of the umbilical cord in front of the 
presenting part at the beginning of labor, [< L 
prcBsenta're to present.] fpre-sent'. 
pre-ser'va-tive injection. =Anatomic injection. 
pre-ser'ving medicine. That branch of medicine 
which treats of the preserving of health, 
Hygiene. 

pre-sphe'noid. The anterior part of the body of the 
sphenoid bone. 

pre-sphyg'mic. Preceding the pulse*wave. 
pre-spi'nal. Situated before the spine, 
press. An instrument or machine by which sub¬ 
stances are subjected to pressure in order to sepa¬ 
rate the liquid from the solid portion: as, a wine- 
press. P. of Herophilus = torcular herophili. 
[< L. pre'mere to press.] 

pressesartere (pres-ar-t#r). A contrivance for the 
immediate compression of arteries to prevent 
hemorrhage. [F.] 

pres'sing. A manipulation in massage for compres¬ 
sing the muscles. 

pres'sor nerves. Nerves whose stimulation increases 
the activity of the vasomotor centres, 
pres'sure. The act of pressing; force acting against 
anything; gravitation. is- Arterial p. ; endo¬ 
cardial p.; iNTRA*ocuLAR p. ; TENSION. P. band¬ 
age, a bandage which is adjusted for the purpose 



Section of Bone Showing Pressure Curves. 


of applying pressure. P. curves, curved lines in 
which the cancelli of bones are arranged accord¬ 
ing to the direction of pressure exerted on the 
bones. P.seffect, the total of the effects produced 
in tissue by abnormal pressure. P.smurmur, a 
vascular murmur due to compression of the 
vessels, as with the stethoscope. P.=myelitis, 
COMPRESSION MYELITIS. P. ncuritis, neuritis due 
to compression. P.sparalysis or spalsy, paralysis 
of a muscle or group of muscles supplied by a 
nerve which has been subjected to long*continued 
pressure. P.sphosphene, phosphene. P.spoint, 
a point of extreme sensibility to pressure or 
weight. Pressure upon a pressure point will 
sometimes either arrest {pressure^arresting point) 
or produce (pressure^^exciting point) spasm. P.» 
pouch, a bulging condition of the oesophageal wall 
due to weakening and pressure from within. P.s 
pulse, a name for the pulse curve or tracing, be¬ 
cause it indicates the variations of pressure which 
the blood exerts on the arterial walls P.ssense, 
that kind of sense which appreciates by pressure 
upon the surface of the body the weight of an 
object: not to be confused with tactile sense. P.s 
sore, a bedsore. P.ssymptom. i. Any nervous 
symptom due to pressure upon the brain or the 





PRESTERNALIS 


PRIMARY 


771 


spinal cord. 2. Any symptom produced by pres¬ 
sure of a tumor or an aneurism. P.=test, a test 
to determine the acuteness of the pressure*sense. 
pre-ster-na'lis. The sternalis. 
pre-ster'num. == Manubrium. 

Pres'ton’s salt. Ammonium carbonate; a variety of 
English smelling-salts, 
pre-sup'pu-ra-tive. Preceding suppuration, 
pre-syl'vi an. Situated anteriorly to the fissure of 
Sylvius. P. fissure, the anterior branch of the 
fissure of Sylvius. 

pre-sym-phys'i al. Situated before a symphysis, 
pre-sys'to-le. The interval of time just preceding 
the systole. tpre-sys-toTic, as P. murmur, a 
murmur occurring just before the systole, indica¬ 
tive of mitral or tricuspid stenosis: P. thrill, a 
thrill occurring at the apex just before the systole, 
symptomatic of mitral stenosis, 
pre-tar'sal. Situated anterior to the tarsus, 
pre-tem'po-ral artery. A branch of the posterior 
cerebral artery to the uncinate and basal surface 
of the temporal bone. 

pre-ter-nat'u-ral anus. An anus which opens in some 
abnormal situation. P. presentation, a transverse 
position of the foetus. 

pre-thal'a-mic artery. A branch of the posterior 
communicating artery to the thalamus, 
pre-tib'i al. Situated in front of the shank, or tibia, 
pre-tu-ber'cu-lous. Preceding the development of 
tuberculosis. 

pre-tym-pan'ic. Situated in advance of the tym¬ 
panum. 

pre-ven'tive. Prophylactic. P. inoculation, in¬ 
tentional inoculation with the virus of a disease 
in order to cause a mild type of the disease which 
will secure immunity against subsequent attacks. 

Vaccination, fpre-ven'tion. 
pre-ven-to'ri um. A sanatorium for the pretuber- 
culous. 

pre-ven-tric'u-lar arteries. Two arteries, branches 
of the right and left coronary respectively, to the 
walls of the ventricles of the heart, 
pre-ver'mis. The superior vermiform process of the 
cerebellum. 

pre-ver'sion. A tendency toward characteristics 
lying beyond the present stage of evolutionary 
development of a species, Reversion. 
pre-ver'te-bral. Anterior in position or in time to 
the vertebrae. P. fascia, a fascia derived from the 
under surface of the cervical fascia, forming a 
sheath over the prevertebral muscles; fascia prcB- 
vertebralis*. P. muscles, the muscles which lie 
upon the front of the spinal column. P. plexuses, 
the plexuses in front of the spine, viz., the cardiac, 
solar, and hypogastric plexuses, 
pre-ver-tig'i-nous. Preceding vertigo, 
pre-ves'i-cal. Situated ventrad to the urinary blad¬ 
der. P. space, the space below the semicircular 
line of Douglas, between the transversalis fascia 
and the recti abdominis muscles. 

Provost’s symptom (pre-voz). Conjugate deviation 
of the head and eyes: symptomatic of apoplexy. 
[< Jean Louis Prevost, a Swiss physician, 1838- .] 

pre-zy'mo-gen. An intracellular precursor of a 
substance occurring free as a zymogen, 
pri'a-pism. Continual (morbid) erection of the 
penis, generally without sexual desire. It occurs 
in chordee, leukaemia, spinal irritation, etc. 
I®-Satyriasis. [< Ilp/aTrof (L. Pria'pus) the god 
of generation, whose image represented the penis 
erect.] 

pri-a-pi'tis. Inflammation of the penis. 


prick'lescell. A cell with delicate, radiating proc¬ 
esses which connect it with other similar cells. 
When such a cell is isolated the broken processes 
look like prickles. P.=layer, 
the outer part of the inner¬ 
most layer of the epidermis, 
lying outward from the cori- 
um, and under the stratum 
granulosum; stratum spi- 
nosum. 

prick'ly ash. Xanthox'ylum 
america'num, a rutaceous 
shrub or small tree, a native 
of the United States; tooth¬ 
ache-tree. Its bark and leaves are very pungent 
and aromatic. P. heat, an eruption of minute 
pimples which cover the skin more or less exten¬ 
sively and are attended with burning heat and 
a tormenting, prickly itching; miliaria papulosa; 
lichen tropicus. It occurs mostly in hot climates, 
and attacks those unaccustomed to extreme heat. 

Urticaria. P. pear, m- Cactus. 

Priest'ley’s mass. A green or greenish-brown deposit 
due to chromogenic fungi, sometimes seen on the 
incisor and canine teeth. [H ’04.] 
pri'mae vi'ae. The alimentary canal. The stomach 
and intestines: so named in reference to their 
importance. [L., “first passages.”] 
pri'ma-ry. Primitive; original; principal; first in 
a series in order of time or importance. P. adhe¬ 
sion, healing without suppuration. P. amides, 
AMIDE. P. amputation, amputation done before 
the occurrence of fever. P. anaesthesia, a transient 
anaesthesia sufficient for slight operations, and in¬ 
duced by the administration of but a small 
amount of anaesthetic. P. areolae, spaces enclos¬ 
ing the enlarged cartilage=cells surrounded by a 
calcareous deposit which are formed in the first 
stage of endochondral ossification P. bodyscav- 
ity, t^CCELOM. P. bubo = BUBON d’eMBLEE. P. 
cause, US” IMMEDIATE CAUSE. P. Cell, an embryonic 
cell. P. coil, INDUCTION COIL. P. color, origi¬ 
nally and properly, a color that cannot be split up 
into other colors; but, as now used, a color which 
produces a simple sensation. P. current, a cur¬ 
rent passing through the primary coil of a faradic 
machine, which is successively made and broken 
in order to induce a secondary current in the 
secondary coil; inducing current. P. dementia, 
dementia which is not the result of some other 
form of insanity. P. dentition, dentition. P. 
deviation, deviation of the weaker eye from the 
position which would make its visual line pass 
through the objecUpoint of the strong eye. cs- 
Strabismic deviation. P. gangrene, gangrene 
developing without previous inflammation. P. 
growth, the original growth from which secondary 
growths develop. P. healing = healing by ad¬ 
hesion. P. hemorrhage, hemorrhage immediately 
following a wound. P. insanity, insanity which 
comes on independently of any other disease. P. 
lateral sclerosis, c®* lateral sclerosis. P. lesion, 
syphilitic chancre; an initial lesion which is fol¬ 
lowed by secondary changes. P. myopathy, idio¬ 
pathic muscular atrophy. P. pleurisy, a form di¬ 
rectly due to colds or exposure and not secondary 
to some other disease, as pneumonia. P. plexus, 

STROMA-PLEXUS. P. position, that position of 
the eyes in which they can move horizontally and 
vertically without rotating the vertical axis. P. 
presentation, presentation existing before the be¬ 
ginning of labor. P. pustule, pustui e. P. sore, 



PrICKLE-CELLS FROM 
Middle Strata of 
the Epidermis. 


PRIMtGRAVIDA 


772 


PROBANG 


the initial chancre cf syphilis. P. spastic para¬ 
plegia, ts- SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA. P. sutute, a suture 
which brings about the direct closing of a wound. 
P. syphilis, syphilis. P. union, union by 
first intention. [<L. prima'rius, fr. pri'mus first.] 
pri-mi-grav'i-da. A woman who is pregnant for the 
first time. [L.] 

pri-mip'a-ra. A woman who has brought forth her 
first child, Nullipara. [< L. pri'mus first 
4 - par'ere to bring forth.] tpn~n^“P^^ri-ty. pri- 
mip'a-rous. 

pri-mi'ti ae. The waters which usually escape before 
the birth of a child. [< L. pri'mus first.] 
prim'i-tive. Original; first developed. P. aorta, 
the first main arteries of the embryo connected 
with the omphalomesenteric vessels. P. axis or 
band, the axisscylinder of a nerve. P. canal, the 
neural canal of the embryo. P. carotid, ^ ca¬ 
rotid ARTERY. P. cell = primordial CELL. P. 
chorion, chorion. P. dislocation, dislocation 
in which the bones remain as originally displaced. 
P. ectoderm = Rauber’s layer. P. groove, a 
longitudinal furrow on the external surface of the 
primitive streak. P. iliac artery, ts- iliac artery. 
P. kidney = protonephros. P. line = P. streak. 
P. ovum = primordial ovuiSi. P. sheath, i. The 
neurilemma. 2. The sarcolemma. P. streak or 
trace, a faint white streak appearing at the pos¬ 
terior end of the germinal area. It is made up of 
an accumulation of cells, and is the first visible in¬ 
dication of embryonic development. P. sulci, the 
sulci that first appear on the embryonic brain. 
[< L. primiti'vus, fr. pri'mus first.] 
pri'mo ma'ne. Very early in the morning. [L.] 
pri-mor'di al. Primitive; original. P. cell, a cell 
of the simplest form, without a celbwall. P. cra¬ 
nium, the membranous skull of the embryo. P. 
kidney, the pronephron and wolffian body. P. 
ovum, a large cell in the germinal epithelium of 
a young ovary which develops into an eggscell. 
P. sexual cells, large elements found in the indif¬ 
ferent sexual glands of the embryo. [< L. pri- 
mor'dium beginning.] 

pri*mo-sec'on-da-ry suture. The insertion of sutures 
followed by tamponade of the wound, the tampon 
being removed after a time and the sutures tied, 
prim'rose. = Primula. 

Prim'ula. Primrose, a genus of primulaceous herbs. 
P. auric'ula, auricula, a native of the Swiss Alps, 
is locally used as a remedy in pulmonary diseases. 
P. obcon'ica, a cultivated species causing irrita¬ 
tion of the skin and used in the treatment of cuta¬ 
neous affections. J. A. M. A. Jul. 27, ’07.] P. 
officinaffis or ve'ris, the cowslip. Its flowers are 
mildly tonic, anodyne, and cordial, but, when 
taken in excess, poisonous. [<L., “first or early.”] 
prim'u-lin. i. A colorless, tasteless, odorless, crys¬ 
talline principle from the root of Prim'ula offici- 
na'lis. 2. Sodium thioparatoluidine sulphonate. 
P. yellow = sulphine. 

prin'ceps cervi'eis. A descending branch of the oc¬ 
cipital artery supplying the trapezius and other 
muscles. P. haUu^cis, the fifth plantar digital 
artery. P. poriicis, a branch of the radial artery 
going to the thumb; arteria princeps pollicis*. 
prince’s feather. =Amaranthus hypochondria- 
cus. 

prin'ci-pal. Chief ; essential. P. auditory nucleus, 
a mass of gray matter in the oblongata forming 
a triangular area, the trigonum acustici, on the 
floor of the fourth ventricle, and giving rise to 
part of the fibres of the auditory nerve; central 


nucleus; chief nucleus; dorsal nucleus; internal 
auditory nucleus; median nucleus of the lateral 
root; posterior nucleus. P. focus, focus. P. 
meridians of the cornea, the meridians of the cor¬ 
nea of greatest and least curvature: they are 
usually at right angles to each other. P. points, 
ts- CARDINAL POINTS. P. tract, the portion of the 
anterior column of the cord not prolonged into 
the pyramid of the medulla. Fundamental 
FASCICULUS. [< L. prin'ceps chief.] 
prin-cip'ium, pi.-ctpTa. A beginning; a principle, 
prin'ci-ple. An element; an original cause; an 
axiom; a fundamental truth; an essential part. 

inactive P. ; IMMEDIATE P.’, ULTIMATE P. PS. Of 

medical ethics, the name given since 1903 to 
the CODE OF MEDICAL ETHICS. 

Pri' nos. I. A genus of aquifoliaceous shrubs. 2. A 
name for the bark of P. veriicilla'tus, or I'lex ver- 
ticilla'ia (black alder). It is bitter, tonic, and 
astringent. Dose, 1.3 to 2 Gm. (20 to 30 grs.). 
Its berries have the same properties as its bark, 
prism. A solid figure whose ends are similar, equal, 
and parallel triangles or polygons, and whose 
sides are parallelograms. i^Enamel-p. ; Nicol’s 
p. P. diopter, a unit of prismatic refraction, be¬ 
ing a deflection of one centimetre on a plane at 
a distance of one metre. [< Trp'iafji.a, fr. TTpil^eiv 
to saw.] tpris-mat'ic, as P. aberration, chro¬ 
matic aberration: P. compress, rs -graduated 
compress: P. lens, a prism having plane sides in¬ 
clined to each other at an angle, used in relieving 
spasm or weakness of the ocular muscles: P. 
speculum, spectacles having prismatic lenses: P. 
spectrum, t®- spectrum, fpris'ma-toid. 
pris-mom'e-ter, pris-mop-tom'e-ter. An instrument 
for determining the refractive power of prisms, 
pris'mo-sphere. A prism plus a spherical lens, 
pris'on fever, Typhus. 

pris-op-tom'e-ter. An instrument for testing the 
refraction of the eye^media by means of a prism. 
[< TTpii^eiv to saw-l-oi/) eye+perpov measure.] 
pri'vates or pri'vi-ties. The external genital organs. 

[< L. pri'vus one’s own.] 
priv'et. = LigUSTRUM VULGARE 
privyscoun'cil-lor’s muscle. The levator menti 
muscle. 

pro. A Latin preposition signifying “ before,” “for,” 
“ forth,” “ forward,” “ according to,” or “ on ac¬ 
count of.” P. re na'ta, “ according to the circum¬ 
stance («. e., symptom, etc.) arising or occurring.” 
A Latin phrase often added to prescriptions, to 
signify that the dose or application is to be re¬ 
peated or discontinued as occasion may require; 
abbr. p. r. n. [< Trpd before, forward, forth.] 
prosag-glu'ti-noids. Inactive agglutinoid molecules 
which unite with celLreceptors and prevent 
the action of the agglutinins except in high dilu¬ 
tions. 

pro-ag-o-reu'sis. A prognosis; the prognostication 
of the result of an attack of disease. [< Trpoayo- 
pevGiq foretelling.] tpro*ag-o-reu'tic. 
prosam'nion. That portion of the amniotic fold 
covering the head of the embryo which contains 
at first no mesoderm, fpro^^^ni-ni-ot'ic. 
prosatflas. A rudimentary atlas, 
pro'bang. A slender piece of whalebone with a bulb 
of ivory or metal {BalUp.), horsehair or bristle 
(Horsehairs or hristlesp.), or sponge (Spongesp.) at 
its extremity for extracting or pushing down into 
the stomach bodies which may have lodged in the 
oesophagus or for applying local remedies to the 
throat. (See illustration, next page.) 


PROBATIONARY WARD 


773 


PROCIDENTIA 


pro-ba'tion-a-ry ward. A hospital ward where a 
patient is kept until the diagnosis is made, as 
whether or not contagious disease is present. 

2B.- 


pro-ba'tion-er nurse. A student of nursing who is 
under observation to determine her fitness, 
probe. A long, slender instrument for exploring 
wounds or cavities. Specially named varieties are 
Anel’s, Blunt, Bowman’s, Bullet*, Chemic, 
Drainage, Drum, Ear, Electric, Eyed, Flex¬ 
ible, Jointed, Lachrymal, Lente’s, Lilien- 
thal’s. Meerschaum, N6laton’s, Scissors*, 
Sharpspointed, Stethoscopic, Uterine, Verte¬ 
brate, and Wire. P.spointed, having a bulbous 
point, as a probe^poinied knife. P. scissors, scis¬ 
sors having a bulbous point. [< L. proba're to 
prove or try.] fprob'ing. 
pro'bi-lin. A proprietary combination of salicylic 
acid, sodium oleate, phenolphthalein,,, and men¬ 
thol. 

pro-car'di um. The pit of the stomach. fP^o-car'- 
di al. 

pro-ca-tarx'is. Antecedence or predisposition; the 
condition of an attack of disease, due to predis¬ 
position. [< TrpoKaTapKTiKog.] fpro-ca-tarc'tic. 
pro-ce-phal'ic. Relating to the fore part of the head, 
pro-cer'e-brum. = Prosencephalon*, fpro-cer'- 
e-bral. 

proc'e-rus. = Pyramidalis nasi. [< 7 rpd before 
+ Kepag horn.] 

proc'ess. i. The method of procedure or the course 
of action in chemical and other operations. 2. 
A projecting eminence or point of a bone or a 
similar outgrowth of a soft part; processus*. 
In this dictionary the processes are entered under 
the adjective titles, as Acromion process under 
ACROMION or under the Latin titles, as Alveolar 
process under processus alveolaris*. ts" Pro¬ 
tuberance; TUBERCLE. [< L. prOCCS'sUS, ft. 
proce'dere to proceed or go forth.] 
pro-ces'sus*. = Process. P. accesso'rius* = ana- 
poPHYsis. P. ala'ris* = ALAR process. P. alve- 
ola'ris*, the inferior border of the superior max¬ 
illary, or the superior border of the inferior max¬ 
illary bone; alveolar process. It is pierced with 
alveoli or sockets for the teeth. P. annula'ris = 
= poNS VAROLii. P. anon'ymus, an obtuse pro¬ 
jection on either side of the cerebral surface of 
the basilar process in front of the precondylar 
foramen. P. ante'rior [Folii]* = P. gracilis. P. 
articula'ris infe'rior* or supe'rior*, particular 
PROCESS. P. auricula'ris, the maxillary process of 
the inferior turbinal bone. P. az'ygos = rostrum 
SPHBNOiDALE. P. bre'vis, the short process of the 
malleus. P. cauda'tus*, a strip of liver substance 
extending from the right lobe of the liver to the 
inferior margin of the caudate lobe. P. cilia'res* 
= CILIARY PROCESSES. P. clinoi'deus ante'riot*, 
me'dius*, or poste'rior*, p clinoid process. P. 
cochlearifor'mis*, a thin, curved lamella of bone 
which separates the osseous eustachian tube from 
the canal for the tensor tympani muscle; coch- 
leariform process. P. condyloi'deus* = condy¬ 
loid process. P. coracoi'deus* = coracoid proc¬ 
ess. P. coronoi'deus mandib'ulae* = coronoid 
process, def. 2. P. coronoi'deusulnae*= coronoid 


PROCESS, def. I. P. cunea'tus, the cuneate tuber¬ 
cle. P. e cerebel'lo ad medul'lam, the inferior 
peduncles of the cerebellum. P. e cerebel'lo ad 
pon'tem, the middle peduncles of the cerebellum. 
P. e cerebel'lo ad tes'tes, two cords which pass 
from the cerebellum to the nates and testes 
of the brain; the superior peduncles. P. eth- 
moida'lis* = ethmoidal process. P. falcifor'- 
mis* = FALCIFORM PROCESS, def. 2. P. fronta'lis* 
= NASAL PROCESS. P. frontosphenoida'lis* = 
FRONTAL PROCESS. P. globula'iis, a prominence 
in the embryo between the nasal pit on each side 
and the mouth. P. gra'cilis, the long or slender 
process of the malleus; folian process; processus 
anterior [Folit]*. P. jugula'ris*, a process pro¬ 
jecting outward from the condyle of the oc¬ 
cipital bone. P. lacrima'lis* = lachrymal proc¬ 
ess. P. latera'lis* = SHORT process, def. 2. 
P. lenticula'ris*, the minute, button*like disk at¬ 
tached to the inferior process of the incus and 
articulating with the stapes; epiphysis incudis; 
lenticular process. P. mala'ris = malar process. 
P. mammilla'ris* = mammillary process, def. 2. 
P. mastoi'deus* = mastoid process. P. maxilla'- 
ris* = maxillary process. P. nasa'lis = nasal 
SPINE. P. orbita'lis* = ORBITAL process. P. 
palati'nus*, the horizontal plate extending inward 
from the alveolar process of the superior maxil¬ 
lary bone, and largely forming the roof of the 
mouth; palatine process of the maxilla. P. papil- 
la'ris* = papillary process. P. pterygoi'deus* 
= pterygoid process. P. pyramida'lis* = pyram¬ 
idal process. P. reticula'ris, a net*workof gray 
matter projecting from the concave lateral border 
of the gray crescents in each half of the spinal 
cord; lateral horn. P. sphenoida'lis* = sphenoi¬ 
dal PROCESS. P. Spino'sUS* = SPINOUS PROCESS. 
P. styloi'deus* = STYLOID process. P. tempora'- 

lis* = TEMPORAL PROCESS. P. tcu'uis = SLENDER 
PROCESS. P. transver'sus* = TRANSVERSE proc¬ 
ess. P. tuba'rius, a projection on the internal 
pterygoid plate of the sphenoid upon which 
rests the cartilage of the eustachian tube. P. 
uncina'tus*= unciform process. P. uncina'tus 
[Winslowi]* = the lesser pancreas. P. vagina'- 
lis* = VAGINAL PROCESS, def. 2. P. vagina'lis 
peritonae'i* = VAGINAL process, def. i. P. ver- 
mifor'mis* = APPENDIX vermiformis. P. voca'- 
lis* = VOCAL PROCESS. P. xyphoi'dcus* = xy- 
PHOiD CARTILAGE. P. zygomat'icus*. I. = Zy¬ 
gomatic PROCESS. 2. (Of the. malar bone.) = 
Malar process. [L.] 

pro-chei'lum, -chei'lon. == Prolabium. [<. irp 6 
before + lip.] 

pro-chon'dri um.' Young cartilage, tpro-chon'dral. 

pro-chor'dal. In front of the chorda dorsalis. 

pro-cho-re'sis. The activity of the stomach in the 
propulsion of food through the pylorus. [< 
Tcpox^pV^^tQ a going onward.] 

pro-cho'ri on. i. The primitive chorion. 2. The 
zona pellucida and vitelline membrane, regarded 
as forming one membrane, tpro-cho-ri-on'ic. 

Prochownik’s diet (pr6-CH6v-niks). A restricted 
diet for pregnancy in cases of narrow pelvis. 
P.'s manoeuvre, a method of resuscitation for 
new*bom children. 

proc-i-den'ti a. The falling down of some organ or 
part, as the anus, eye, uterus, etc. ts- Prolap¬ 
sus. P. oc'uli = oPHTHALMOPTOMA. P. rec'ti = 
prolapse of the rectum. P. u'teri, a “falling 
down of the womb,” which in descending invests 
the vagina, owing to the relaxation of its con- 








PROCLIVItY 


774 


PROsEMINENT 


nections; when it protrudes through the external 
parts it is termed prolapsus uteri. [L. fr. pro- 
cid'ere to fall.] tproc'i-dent; pro-cid'u-ous. 
pro-cliv'i-ty. Inclination or disposition; tendency; 

propensity. [< L. pro forwardsloping.] 
pro-coe'li a. A ventricle in the prosencephalon; a 
lateral ventricle of the cerebrum, [ < rtpo before 
-f-zcoiAm hollow.] 

pro-coe'li us. Having a swollen or prominent belly. 

[< Trpd before +/co^Aza belly.] 
pro-coe'lus, -coe'lous. Concave anteriorly, 
pro-con'dy-lus. The first phalanx or bone of the 
fingers, articulating with the metacarpal bone, 
pro-cre-a'tion. The act of generating; reproduction, 
tpro'cre-a-tive. 

proct-, proc'to-. Relating to the anus or rectum; 
RECTO-: a combining form. [< irpoKTo ^ anus.] 
proc-tag'ra, pain of the anus or rectum.— proc- 
tal'gi a, proc-tal'gy, nervous pain of the anus or 
rectum.— proc-ta-tre'si a, imperforation of the 
anus.— proc-tec-ta'si a, dilatation of the rectum 
or the anus.— proc-tec'to-my, excision of the 
rectum.— proc-ten'cli-sis, a constriction or con¬ 
stricted state of the rectum.— proc'teu-ryn-ter, 
a bag or other device for dilating a strictured or 
constricted rectum.— proc'ti-ca, diseases of the 
rectum and anus.— proc-ti'tis, inflammation of the 
anus or rectum, often marked by severe tenes¬ 
mus. Periproctitis. P. gonorrho'ica or py- 
orrho'ica, specific inflammation of the rectal mu¬ 
cous membrane due to infection with the gono¬ 
coccus. P. ulcero'sa, ulcerous inflammation of the 
rectal wall, secondary in periproctitis and chronic 
proctitis.— proc-toc'a-ce, sloughing of the rectum. 
—proc'to-cele, prolapse of the rectum; rectocele. 
Vaginal p., hernia of the rectum into the vagina, 
tproc-to-cly'sis. The cleansing of the rectum by 
means of an enema, Murphy’s treatment. 

— proc-to-coc'cy-pex-y, the suturing of the rec¬ 
tum to the coccyx.— proc-to-co-li'tis, inflamma¬ 
tion of the mucous membrane of the rectum and 
colon.— proc‘to-co-lo-nos'co-py, examination of 
the rectum and lower colon.— proc-to-cys'to-plas- 
ty, plastic surgery on the rectum and the bladder. 

— proc-to-cys-tot'o-my, proc*to-cys-to-to'mi a, the 

rectovesical section for calculus, fproc-to-cyst'- 
o-tome, an instrument especially designed for 
proctocystotomy.— proc-to-dae'um, an infolding 
of the epiblast of the embryo at the point where 
later the anus is formed. tproc-to-de'- 

al. — proc-to-dyn'ia, spas- 
the anus or rectum.— 
tro-plas-ty, plastic sur- 
rectum and vagina. — 
the science of the anato¬ 
my, physiology, and path¬ 
ology of the rectum, 
tproc-tol'o-gist. — proc- 
to-me'ni a, monthly san- 
charge by the rectum: 
of vicarious menstrua- 
ton'cus, anal tumor or 
proc’to-pa-ral'y-sis, pa- 
muscles of the anus and 
proc'to-pex-y, suturing of 
some other part.— proc'- 
plastic surgery of the rec- 

— proc-to-ple'gia= _ 

YSIS. — proc-to-pol'y-pus, scope°' ^^ctal poly¬ 
pus. — proc-top-to'ma, ' -to'sis,afallor 

prolapse of the anus. — proc-tor-rha'gi a, hemor¬ 
rhoidal hemorrhage. — proc-tor'rha-phy, the su¬ 


turing or stitching of the rectum.— pfOC-tOf- 
rhoe'a, a discharge of mucus from the anus.'^ 
proc'to-scope, an instrument for the examination 
of the rectum, fproc-tos'co-py.— proc*to-sig- 
moi-dec'to-my, excision of the anus and sigmoid 
flexure.— proc'to-spasm, proc-to-spas'mus, painful 
spasm of the sphincter muscles of the anus, as in 
TENESMUS. — proc-to-scir'rhus, malignant disease 
of the rectum.— proc-to-ste-no'sis, stricture or 
narrowing of the rectum or anus.— proc-tos'o-my, 
the formation of an opening into the rectum.— 
proc-to-to'ci a, delivery of the child through the 
anus.— proc-tot'o-my, the cutting of the anus 
or rectum, as in imperforate anus. It may be 
done either through the sphincter ani and 
the parts adjacent {External p.) ; in the rectum 
above the sphincter {Internal p.) ; or through 
the dorsal rectal wall {Linear p.). tP^oc'to-tome, 
an instrument for performing proctotomy.— 
proc’to-to-reu'sis, the formation of an artificial 
anus. 

pro-cum'bent. Lying flat on tne ground. [< L. 

procum'bere to sink down.] 
pro-cur'sive. Running forward, as P. epilepsy = 

EPILEPSIA CURSIVA. 

pro-cur-va'tion. Forward inclination, 
pro'di-ag-no'sis. A diagnosis of an approaching 
disease. 

pro-di-gi-o'sin. The red pigment produced by the 

BACILLUS PRODIGIOSUS. 

pro-dig-i-o'sus toxin. An antitoxin for malignant 
tumors, derived from Bacil'lus prodigio'sus. ts- 
Coley’s fluid. 
pro'dro-ma. = Prodrome. 
pro-drom'a-ta. Prodromon. 
pro'drome, prod'ro-mus. A forerunner; a premoni¬ 
tory or early symptom applied to some affections 
which indicate the supervention of another dis¬ 
ease, as vertigo is sometimes said to be a pro¬ 
drome or precursor of apoplexy. [< 'KpoSpofiTj 
the act of running before.] tpro-dro'mal. 
pro'dro-mon, pi. -ma or - s . = Prodrome. The word 
prodromata is an erroneous but widely used 
plural form for prodroma, which itself is the 
plural of prodromon. Gowers suggests, however, 
prodromas. [T[ L. Nov. lo, ’o6.] [Gr.] 

pro-duced' abortion. ^ Abortion. 
prod'uct. Something produced by nature or labor; 
an effect; a result; a fabric. P. patent, a patent 
issued by the U. S. government for a special 
and ingenious method of preparing a pharma¬ 
ceutical preparation. [< L. produ'cere to pro¬ 
duce.] tproduc'tion, the act of producing; 
anything produced by nature or "art; also, a 
prolongation, produc'tive, as P. arteritis, inflam¬ 
mation of an artery resulting in the formation 
of new blood-vessels and new connective tissue: 
and P. inflammation, plastic or proliferous in¬ 
flammation. 

pro-e-gu'me-nal, -nous. That which precedes; pre¬ 
disposing. [< TTpopyeiadai to lead the way.] 
prosen-ceph'a-lo-cele. Encephalocele in the front 
part of the skull. tpro=en-ceph'a-lus, a monster 
with the brain protruding through a fissure in the 
frontal bone. 

prosen-ceph'a-lon. i. = Prosencephalon*. 2. 

Encephalocele in the frontal region, 
prosen'zyme. An enzyme in its early stage, 
prce-o'ti a. Sexual or genital precocity. [<C. npui 
early.] 

prosem'i-nent. Protiniding, as P. vertebra *= ver¬ 
tebra PROMINENS*. 


roc- 



guineous dis- 
usually a form 
tion. — proc- 
protrusion. — 
ralysis of the 
rectum. — 
the rectum to 
to-plas-ty, 
turn and anus. 
proctoparai.- 





























PROsESTRUM 


775 


PROLAPSUS 


proses'trum. = Proscestrum. fproses'trous. 
pro-fes'sion-al. Relating to a profession or an oc¬ 
cupation. P. cramp, hypercinesia, neurosis, or 
spasm, cramps or spasms of groups of muscles 
indticed by vocations in which a certain act is 
•constantly repeated, as writers’ cramp. P. eti¬ 
quette or ethics, the principles of politeness and 
honor governing the conduct of medical men, 
especially in their relations the one to the other. 
P. secrecy, secrecy in regard to the statements of 
a patient to a physician in his professional ca¬ 
pacity: in many states protected by law. P. 
nurse, one who has taken a course of training in 
a hospital or authorized school. 

Profe'ta’s law or immunity. The immunity to 
syphilis exhibited by children, who show no signs 
or symptoms of the disease, though born of 
syphilitic parents. This law is denied by some 
authors. c^Colles’s law. [< Giuseppe Projeta, 
an Italian physician.] 

pro'file line. A line used in determining the general 
direction of the face. is^Camper’s line; Topi- 
nard’s line. 

pro-flu'vi um, pi. -via. Any fluid discharge from 
the body; in the plural, fluxes with fever. [L.] 
pro-found'. Deep: applied to vessels, nerves, mus¬ 
cles, etc., from their relative situation as to others, 
pro-fun'da. A deep=seated artery. P. cervi'cis, an 
ascending branch from the superior intercostal 
artery which anastomoses with the deep branch 
of the princeps cervicis; A. cervicalis profunda*. 
P. fem'oris, femoral artery, deep. [L. femi¬ 
nine of profun'dus deep.] 

pro-fun-di-pal'mar. Relating to the deep parts of 
the hand. 

pro-fun-di-plan'tar. Relating to the deep parts of 
the sole of the foot, 
pro-fun'dus*. Deep. [L.] 

pro-fuse'. Abundant; lavish: applied to secretions, 
pro-fu'sio. Literally, a “pouring forth.” A loss 
of blood; increased secretion, 
pro-gas'ter. = Archenteron. 

pro-ge-nae'us. A malformation of the face and cra¬ 
nium, marked by a protruding lower jaw, a very 
narrow face, a strongly developed vault of the 
cranium, and a slightly developed occiput: seen 
in idiocy, Prognathism. [< rrpo before-f- 
-yivEiov chin.] 

pro-gen'i-tal. = Genital. 

pro-ge'ri a. A form of retarded development with 
premature old age. Ateliosis. 
pro-glos'sis. The tip of the tongue, 
pro-glot'tid, pro-glot'tis, pi. progloi'tides. Any one 
of the joints of a tapeworm, 
prog'na-thous, -thic. Having a gnathic index of 
over 103: applied to a head or cranium in which 
the jaw projects much farther forward than the 
forehead. It occurs in idiots, Tasmanians, Aus¬ 
tralians, some negroes, etc. [< forth+7Pa^^oc 
jaw.] as Alveolosubnasal p., 

prognathism measured by the angle between the 
lines joining the alveolar and subnasal points and 
the alveolocondylean plane. P. angle, an angle 
measuring the forward projection of the face, 
prog-no'sis. The foreknowledge of the course of a 
disease drawn from a consideration of its signs 
and symptoms; the art of forecasting the prog¬ 
ress and termination of any given case of disease. 
[<, TrpoyvuGig, fr. Trpo heiore -yyiyvuaKsiv to per¬ 
ceive.] tprog-nos'tic, as P. symptom, a symptom 
from a consideration of which a prognosis of any 
particular disease is formed, prog-nos'ti-cate. 


pro-gres'sion. The act of moving or walking for¬ 
ward. In some nervous diseases there is Back¬ 
ward p., and in cerebral spastic paralysis and bi¬ 
lateral hipsdisease, there is a Cross-legged p. 
pro-gres'sive. Moving forward; advancing; going 
from bad to worse. P. bulbar paralysis, bulbar 
P. MUSCULAR ATROPHY. P. cataract, an opacity 
with a tendency to spread and ultimately to 
involve the whole lens. P. facial atrophy = 

UNILATERAL ATROPHY OF THE FACE. P. lenticular 

melanosis = XERODERMA pigmentosum. P. mus¬ 
cular atrophy, a chronic wasting and alteration 
in the structure of the muscular tissue, due to 
chronic degeneration of the anterior cornua of 
the spinal cord; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; 
poliomyelitis anterior chronica; progressive bul¬ 
bar paralysis; wasting palsy. The atrophy may 
be (i) simple, (2) with granular degeneration, (3) 
with fatty degeneration, and (4) with the so*called 
waxy degeneration, Atrophy. P. ophthal¬ 
moplegia, paralysis gradually affecting one eye* 
muscle after another. P. pernicious anaemia = 
IDIOPATHIC AN.«MiA. P. thrombus, one gradually 
growing into the lumen of a vessel. [< L. pro'- 
gredi to go forward.] 
pro-i-o'ti a, pro-i-o'tes. = Prceotia. 
pro-jec'tile vomiting. Vomiting in which the mat¬ 
ter is thrown out of the mouth to some distance: 
seen in certain brain diseases, 
pro-jec'tion. i. The act of impelling forward. 2. 
Any part that projects or juts out; prominentia*. 
P. cell, a nervescell whose axis*cylinder process 
is continuous with the axisscylinder of a nerve; 
a nervescell of the first type, Axis=cylinder 
process; intermediary cell. P. fibres, fibres 
composing one of the systems of fibrestracts of 
the cerebral medulla. They pass from the cere¬ 
bral peduncles to various parts of the brain. P. 
microscope, P. ocular. P. neuron, a neuron 
serving for the transmission of motor or sensory 
nervous impulses. [TI Dl. ’06.] P. ocular, a mi¬ 
croscopical ocular for projecting the image formed 
upon a screen. P. tract, first = corona radi- 
ATA. [< pro heiore-yfa'cere to throw.] tpro- 
jec'ting, as P. staphyloma = staphyloma cor- 
NE.E, def. I. pro-jec'tor, an instrument for throw¬ 
ing powders into the cavities of the body, 
pro-la'bi um. The red and exposed part of the lip; 
the extreme prominent part of the lip. [<L. 
before+/a'6fMm lip.] fpro-la'bi al. 
pro-lapse'. = Prolapsus. Artificial p., drawing 
down of an organ or part for the purpose of ex¬ 
amination or treatment. P. of the anterior wall 
of the vagina = cystocele. P. of the cord, de¬ 
scent of the umbilical cord on the bursting of the 
bag of waters. P. of the iris = prolapsus iridis. 
Morgagni’s p. = prolapsus Morgagnii. P. of the 
ovary, downward displacement of the ovary. P. 
of the rectum, protrusion of the rectum beyond 
the anus. P. of the spleen, splenoptosis. P. of 
the uterus = prolapsus uteri. 
pro-lap'sus. A falling down, partial or complete, of 
some viscus, in its latest stage accompanied by 
protrusion, so as to be partly external or uncov¬ 
ered. Ectopia; HERNIA; procidentia. P. a'ni, 
a falling down of the extremity of the rectum, 
occurring at any period of life. P. cor'neae, 
STAPHYLOMA CORNER. P. i'ridis, a prolapse or 
protrusion of the iris through a wound of the 
cornea. P. lin'gu® = macroglossia. P. Mor- 
gagn'ii, chronic inflammation and hyperplasia of 
the mucous and submucous coats of Morgagni’s 


PROLEPSIS 


776 


PROsOVARIUM 


ventricle. G. ’07.] P. u'teri, descent of the 
womb, which, in the last stage of the displace¬ 
ment, protrudes beyond the vulva, Proci¬ 
dentia UTERI. [< L. prola'bi to fall down.] 
pro-lep'sis. The return of a paroxysm before the 
expected time. [ 7 rp 6 ?irjipig.] tpro-lep'tic. 
pro -1 ep'tics. The art of prognosis, fpro-lep'tic. 
pro'li-cide. Infanticide or foeticide. [< L. pro'les 
ofispring + cce'dere to kill.] 

pro-lif-e-ra'tion. Reproduction of similar forms, 
both normal and morbid, but especially applied 
to celbgenesis. Atrophic p., proliferation of cells 
nuclei associated with degeneration of the proto¬ 
plasm of the celUelements: seen in inflammatory 
and reparative processes. [ < pro'les offspring -f 
fer're to bear.] pro-lif'e-ra-ting, pro-lif'e-ra-tive, 
pro-lif'e-rous, as P. cyst, a cyst in which the in¬ 
side wall proliferates, forming subordinate cysts 
or other material within the main cyst: P. in¬ 
flammation = plastic inflammation: P. neuritis, 
neuritis marked by such overgrowth of connective 
tissue that the nerve becomes a sclerotic cord, 
pro-lif'ic. Having the power of generating; pro¬ 
ductive; fertile. [< L,. prolif'icus, fr. pro'les off¬ 
spring + fa'cere to make.] 

pro-lig'e-rous. That which carries the germs or off¬ 
spring. P. disk = DISCUS PROLIGERUS. [ < L. 
pro'les offspring -f ger'ere to bear or carry.] 
pro'lin. An amino=acid obtained from proteins by 
hydrolytic cleavage; aspyrrolidinscarboxylic acid. 
Prollius’s fluid (prol't-us-tz). A solvent fluid com¬ 
posed of 32.5 Cc. of ether, 2.5 Cc. of alcohol, and 
I Cc. of stronger ammonia water, 
pro-mes'o-blast. The mass of large, primitive cells 
which afterward aid in forming the mesoblast. 
pro-me-to'pi a. The anterior portion of the fore¬ 
head. [< Trpd before-t-//erpwTTov forehead.] 
prom'i-nence. i. The state of being prominent. 2. 
A projection, protuberance, eminence, prominen¬ 
tia*, or umbo*. [< L. promine're to jut out.] 
tprom'i-nent, as P. = vertebra prom- 

iNENS*: and P. vas =^\as prominens*. 
prom-i-nen'ti a*. Prominence. P. laryn'gea* = 
POMUM ADAMi. P. spita'lis*, a small eminence 
projecting into the scala media from the outer 
wall of the cochlear duct just above the ligamen- 
tum spirale; accessory spiral ligament. [L.] 
prom-ne'si a. The sensation, upon the occurrence 
of scenes or events for the first time, of remem¬ 
bering them as having taken place in the past. 
[< TTpo before -f pvrjcsiq remembrance.] 
prom'on-to-ry. A small projection; a prominence; 
promontorium*. P. of the sacrum, the superior or 
projecting portion of the sacrum, when in situ in 
the pelvis, at the junction of the sacrum and the 
last lumbar vertebra. P. of the tympanum, a 
small prominence on the inner wall of the tym¬ 
panum, formed by the first turn of the cochlea, 
pro-nae'us. i. = Vagina. 2. The vestibule of the 
vagina. [< Trpovatog the first room of a temple.] 
pro-na'tion. The act of turning the palm of the 
hand downward, is” Supination. [< L. prona'- 
tio, fr. pro'nus turned downward, prone.] (See 
illustration, next column.) 
pro-na-to-flex'or. Relating to both pronator and 
flexor muscles. 

pro-na'tor. A muscle used in the act of pronation. 
P. ra'dii quadra'tus, a muscle arising from the 
edge of the ulna and inserted into the edge of the 
radius; cubitoradialis; M. pronator quadratus*. 
This muscle and the pronator teres turn the 
radius and the hand inward. P. ra'dii te'res, a 


muscle arising from the inner condyle of the 
humerus and the coronoid process of the ulna 
and inserted into the middle of the radius; M. 
pronator teres*. P. tib'iae, an occasional muscle 
of the leg, extending transversely between the 
tibia and fibula below and the poplitaeus above. 



A. Pronation. — r. Interosseous membrane. 2. Head 
of ulna. B. Supination. —3. Oblique ligament. 4. 
Interosseous membrane. (Piersol.) 

pro-na'us. = Pron^us. 

prone. Lying with the face downward, with the 
palm downward. [< L. pro'nus.^ 
pro-neph'ron, -neph'nis. The head=kidney, a body 
developing in the foetus before the wolffian body 
(mesonephros). It is connected with the anterior 
part of the primitive mullerian duct and is sit¬ 
uated directly behind the heart. [< tt/jo before, 
early-f veppdf kidney.] as P. duct, 

the duct of the early embryonic pronephron, prob¬ 
ably represented in later stages by the atrophic 
anterior segment of the mullerian duct, 
pro-nu-cle'o-lus. A nucleus of a pronucleus. 
pro-nu'cle us. The nucleus which appears within 
the ovum after the extrusion of the polar bodies; 
usually called the female pronucleus, in contrast 
to the male pronucleus, which results from the 
entrance of the head of the spermatozoon within 
the ovum. In the fusion of both pronuclei, which 
later takes place, occurs the intermingling of the 
parent cells and the transmission of the character¬ 
istics of both parents to the offspring. [< pro 
before -1 - nucleus.] fpro-nu'cle ar; pro-nu'cle ate. 
proso-don'tus. A term for a skull in which the 
angle between the radius fixus and a line joining 
the subnasal and alveolar points is 23° to 50°. 
[< Tzpo before-f odopf tooth.] 
prosoes'trum. The early stage of the sexual period 
in females. ^Heat; cestrum; rut. G. ’04.] 
proof spirit. Alcohol of the sp. gr. 0.920 which con¬ 
tains 49-5% of its weight or 57.2% of its volume 
of absolute alcohol. 

pro- 5 t'ic. Noting a bone which in man becomes 
blended with the mastoid and petrous portions 
of the temporal bone. P. centre, a centre of ossi¬ 
fication for the mastoid and part of the petrous 
portion of the temporal bone, 
proso-va'ri um. = Parovarium. 















PROP^DEUTICS 


PRORRHAPHY 


ill 


pro-pae-deu'tics. Early or preliminary instruction. 
[< 7 rpo before+ 7 ra/!dfi; 6 Yt' to teach.] tpro-pae- 
deu'tic. 

prop-a-ga'tion. Reproduction; increase; successive 
production of animals or plants, as by fission, 
budding, spore formation, or conjugation and fis¬ 
sion. 

prop'a-ga-to'ri um. The entire reproductive appa¬ 
ratus. [L.] 

pro-pa'go. A branch or oftshoot:. applied to the 
small tendrils of nerves and vessels, 
pro-pal'i-nal. Having a backward and forward 
quality, as the P. movement of the jaW. [< Trpo 
before -f TrdXiv back.] 

pro'pane. A gaseous compound, C-jHg, obtained 
from petroleum. 

pro-pane-ni'trite. = Ethyl cy.vnide. 
pro-par’a-te-re'sis. Prophylactic treatment. [< 
TrpoTTaparriprjGL^ previous observation.] 
pro-par-gyl'ic. =Propiolic acid. 
pro'pa-thy, pro-path'ia. i. A premonitory symp¬ 
tom. 2. A former disease, 
pro-pe-deu'tics. = Prop^deutics. 
prop'scells. = Hensen’s prop*cells. 
pro-pen-den'tia. Prolapsus; an abnormal displace¬ 
ment forward and downward. [< pro before + 
pen'dere to hang.] 

pro-pen'yl. = Glyceryl. P. hydrate = glycerin. 

P. trinitrate = NITROGLYCERIN, 
pro-pep'sin. = Pepsinogen. 

pro-pep'tone. Hemialbumose, one of the earlier 
products of the digestive process: met with in the 
urine in the condition known as pro-pep-to-nu'ri a. 
pro-per-i-to-ne'al hernia. A hernia between the 
parietal peritoneum and the abdominal walls, 
pro'phase. The step in karyokinesis in which the 
centrosomes divide, the attraction sphere forms, 
and the chromatin threads group themselves 
around the equator. 

proph^a-sis. i. An obvious or exciting cause. 2. 
A prognosis; the prognostication of the course of 
a disease. [ < Trpd before -I- (pdoKeiv to say.] 
pro'phe-tin. A white, amorphous, resinous glu- 
coside, CgoHjgOy, from Cu'cumis propheta'runi. 
pro-phy-lac'tol. A proprietary solution of protargol 
(20%) with the addition of glycerin and mercu¬ 
ry bichloride (i to 2000 solution): used as a pro¬ 
phylactic for gonorrhoea. Len. ’07.] 
proph-y-lax'is, proph'y-lax-y. The art of guarding 
against disease; the observation of the rules 
necessary to the preservation of health or the 
prevention of disease, as Moral, Oral, or Sanitary 
p. It does not refer to cure of disease already 
existing. [< Trpd before + (pvXdaaeiv to guard.] 
tproph-y-lac'tic. i. Belonging to prophylaxis, as 
P. medicine, that branch of medicine which treats 
of the means proper for the preservation of the 
health: P. serum, any protective or immunizing 
serum: and P. treatment, treaXvaerxt aiming at the 
prevention of disease. 2. A medicine preventive 
of any disease. 

pro-pi-oTic acid. A white, crystalline substance, 
CgHgOg. 

pro'pi-o-nate. A salt of propionic acid, 
pro'pione. A colorless liquid, CjHjgO, formed by 
the destructive distillation of certain propionates; 
diethylketone: used as a hypnotic in maniacal 
excitement. Dose, in mania, 2 Cc. (30 mins.), 
pro-pi-on'ic acid. An organic acid, CgHgO^, pro¬ 
duced in alcoholic fermentation, and found in 
certain secretions of the body, as sweat and 
chyme; metacetonic acid. P. fermentation, a 


variety of fermentation produced in calcium lac¬ 
tate and calcium tartrate by a particular bacillus, 
in which propionic acid is developed. [< rcfn'i be¬ 
fore+7ruji' fat. It is the first of the fatty acids.] 
pro-pi-o-ni'trite. = Ethyl cyanide. 
pro'plex, pro-plex'us. i. The plexus in lower animals 
corresponding to the brachial plexus in man. 2. 
The plexus of a lateral ventricle, or of a procoelia. 
pro-po-di-a'le. A bone which forms the skeleton of 
the proximal portion of a limb, as the femur or 
the humerus. 

prop'o-lis. A resinous substance collected by bees 
from the buds of trees and used by them to line 
the cells of a new comb or to stop crevices. It 
has been used as a remedy in diarrhoea. [ < npo 
before + iroXig city.] 

pro-pol'y-sin. A liquid antiseptic, vulnerary, or 
disinfectant prepared from beeswax, 
pro'po-nal. A homologue of veronal; dipropyl- 
barbituric acid: used as hypnotic. Dose, 0.15 to 
0.5 Gm. (2^ to 8 grs.). 

pro'pons. The ponticulus, delicate plates of white 
matter extending transversely across the anterior 
end of the pyramid and just below the pons 
varolii; alae pontis. 

pro-por'tion. Symmetry; adaptation of parts; har¬ 
monic relation. [< L. propor'tio, fr. pro accord¬ 
ing to + por'tio part, rate.] 
pro-pri'e-ta-ry. Owned by a proprietor: said of 
patented, trade*marked, or secret medicines or 
nostrums, whose composition is not given or 
which may be changed at the pleasure of the 
manufacturer without notice. P. article, any 
chemical, drug, or similar preparation used in the 
treatment of disease, if such article is protected 
against free competition, as to name, product, 
composition, or process of manufacture, by se¬ 
crecy, patent, copyright, or in any other manner. 
[T[ Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry, Amer. 
Med. Assoc., Sept. 26, ’08.] P. preparation, a per¬ 
manent medicine prepared according to a definite 
formula and sold in the open market, its com¬ 
ponent parts and method of preparation not 
being entirely made known upon request to the 
medical or pharmaceutical profession. vSuch a 
preparation is generally considered ethical when 
its chief ingredients are definitely given and found 
to be present, as stated, upon analysis. [< L. 
pro'prius one’s own.] 

prop-to'sis. A falling forward; prolapse; displace¬ 
ment forward, as of an eye ; exophthalmos. [Gr.] 
pro-pul'sion. The act of pushing forward, espe¬ 
cially, a tendency to fall forward in walking: seen 
in paralysis agitans. 

pro-pyl-am'ine. A colorless, transparent liquid. 
C3H9N, obtained in various ways, as by distilling 
narcotine with potassa. It occurs in two forms. 
Normal propylamine, which has the odor of am¬ 
monia, and Isopropylamine, with a peculiar, fishy 
odor. It is used in rheurnatism, dose, 0.12 to 0.3 
Gm. (2 to 5 grs.); in chorea, dose, 2 to 4 Gm. 
(30 to 60 grs.); etc. Trimethylamine. 
pro'pyl-ene. A colorless gas, CgHg, contained in 
coalsgas. 

pro’pyl-nicth'yl-phe'nol. = Thymol. 
pro'ral. = Cephalic. [< L. pro'ra prow.] 
pro-re'nal. Acting as a kidney. [ < L. pro before 
-f re'nes kidney.] 
pro re na'ta. Pro. 

pro-ren'nin. The preliminary or original substanc c 
which develops into rennin. 
pror'rha-phy. = Advancement. 


PRORSAD 


778 


PROSTATIC 


pror^sad. Toward, or to, a forward position or 
direction; cephalad; anteriorly. [< L. pror'smn 
forward.] 

pror'sal. Anterior; forward. 

pros. A Greek preposition, usually signifying, when 
combined with other words, “to,” or “in addi¬ 
tion to.” [Trpof.] 
pros-ar-thro'sis. = Diarthrosis. 
pro-sco'lex. The earliest form, or stage, of a tape¬ 
worm after it has passed from the ovum or egg. 
pro-se-cre'tin. The substance in the walls of the du¬ 
odenum which is changed by acid into secretin. 
pro-sec'tor. Properly, one who cuts or dissects for 
another; one who prepares the subject for the 
lecturer on anatomy. [L.] 
pros-en-ceph'a-lon*, pros-en-ceph'al. The most an¬ 
terior of the divisions of the anterior primary, 
cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain; fore¬ 
brain. From it are developed principally the 
cerebral hemispheres, the corpus callosum, the 
corpora striata, the fornix, and the lateral ven¬ 
tricles. [< TTpog before +£-yKe(paloc brain.] tpros’- 
en-ce-phal'ic, as P. arch, the neural arch of a 
frontal vertebra. 

pros-en'chy-ma. The short cellular tissue which 
constitutes the framework of plants. [ < rrpog in 
addition to -|- cyx^pct, fr. to pour in.] 

pros-o-breg'mus. A term for a skull in which the 
angle between the radius fixus and a line joining 
the hormion and the bregma is from 82° to 95.5°. 
pros'o-cele. The cavity of the prosencephalon. [ < 
Tipoau forward + KolXog a hollow.] 
pros-o-gas'ter. The pharynx, oesophagus, and 
stomach of the embryo, considered as one section 
of the alimentary canal; foregut; protogaster. 
[< Tipoao) forward -i- yaaryp stomach.] 
pros-o-pal'gi a. i. Pain in the face. 2. Neuralgia 
of the trigeminal nerve. [< irpoGOTTOv face+ aAyog 
pain.] tpros-o-pal'gic. 

pros'o-pan-tri'tis. Inflammation of the frontal 
sinuses. 

pros-o-pan'trum. A frontal sinus. [<. TTpoGorrov face 
+ avrpov cave.] 

pros'o-pec-ta'si a. Enlargement of the face, 
pros-o'pic. Relating or pertaining to the face. 
Proso'pis juliflo'ra or glandulo'sa. Mesquite. 
pros-o-plex'us. The choroid plexuses of the prosen- 
cephalic cavities or lateral ventricles, 
pros'o-po-. Relating or pertaining to the face: a 
combining form. [<i npoGUTcov face.] pros*o-po- 
did'y-mus = diprosopus. — pros'o-po-di-ple'gi a, 
bilateral facial palsy.— pros'o-po-dyn'i a, facial 
neuralgia.— pros*o-po-dys-mor'phi a, progressive 
atrophy of one side of the face.— pros-o-pol'o-gy, 
a dissertation on the countenance; the science 
of physiognomy.— pros"o-po-man'ti a, prognosis 
from examination of the countenance. — pros-o- 
pom'e-try, measurement of the face. I. M. 
’05.] — pros*o-po-neu-ral'gi a, neuralgia or pain in 
the nerves of the face. — pros'o-po-ple'gi a = 
Bell’s paralysis. — pros-o-pos'chi-sis, fissure of 
the face.— pros'o-po-spasm = facial spasm. — 
pros*o-po-ster-no-dym'i a, a double or twin mon¬ 
strosity, face being joined to face and sternum to 
sternum.— pros‘o-po-tho-ra-cop'a-gus, a double 
monster having the thoraces, the necks, and es¬ 
pecially the lower parts of the faces fused ; 
cephalothoracopagus. Thoracopagus. — pros*- 

o-po-to'ci a, face presentation in labor.— pros-o- 
pros'o-pus, a term for a skull in which the angle 
between the radius fixus and a line joining the 
nasion and the alveolar point is from 66.5® to 


78°.— pros-or-rhi'nus, a term for a skull in which 
the angle between the radius fixus and a line 
joining the nasion and the subnasal point is 
from 66.5° to 77°. 

pros-o-ter'ma. The tissue joining the two halves 
of the fornix. [< Ttpoao forward +Teppa limit.] 
pros‘o-tho-ra-cop'a-gus. A twin monster in which 
the thoraces are united in front. [< npoau for¬ 
ward -I- 06 pa^ chest -f- ndyog fixed.] 
pros-phy-sec'to-my. Excision of the vermiform ap¬ 
pendix. [ < 7 Tp 6 a<pvaig an adhesion or appendage 
+ kicTopr/ excision.] 

pros'phy-sis. Adhesion; the growing together of 
contiguous parts. [Gr. 7 rp 6 G(pva{g.] 
pros'ta-den. A proprietary extract from the pros¬ 
tate gland of animals: used against hypertrophy 
of the prostate. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.) daily, 
pros'ta-ta*. = Prostate. [< TTpocrdryg one who 
stands before.] 

pros-ta-tal'gi a. Pain in the prostate gland, 
pros'ta-taux-e. Enlargement of the prostate, 
pros'tate. The chestnut=shaped gland below the 
neck of the urinary bladder and behind the bulb 
of the urethra; prostate gland; prostata*. It con¬ 
sists of two lateral halves (lobus dexter* and sin¬ 
ister*) and a middle portion (lobus medius*) and 
is formed chiefly of a glandular substance and 
muscle=tissue. It occurs only in the male and 
has been considered the homologue of the uterus 
in the female. Anterior p., an occasional gland* 
like body occurring in front of and between Cow- 
per’s glands. Hypertrophy of the p., chronic 
enlargement of the prostate, independent of in¬ 
flammation: very common in old age, causing 
difficulty in micturition. [< TTpoardryg, fr. Tzpo 
before -I- lardvai to stand.] 
pros-ta-tec'to-my. The surgical excision of the 
prostate, or of a part of it. 
pros-tat-el-co'sis. Ulceration of the prostate, 
pro-stat'ic. Belonging to the prostate gland. P. 
acini, the glandular alveoli of the prostate, the 
ducts of which open on the free surface of the 
urethra. Po calculus, a calculus in the ducts of 
the prostate gland, composed usually of calcium 



phosphate and carbonate. P. catheter, i. A 
catheter with a short bend near the tip (elbowed 
catheter) for passing an enlarged prostate. 2. A 
catheter with a large curve and of extraordinary 
length, for the same purpose. P. crystals, i. 
Crystals of a delicate yellow tint found in the 
semen after long standing and in the secretion of 
the prostate after death; spermatic crystals. 2. 
= CharcotsNeumann crystals. P. duct, any 
one of the numerous (20 to 30) small ducts com¬ 
municating with the alveoli of the prostate and 
opening in the urethra; ductus prostaticus*. P. 
fissure, a transverse median cleft in the posterior 
wall of the prostate gland, transmitting the com¬ 
mon ejaculatory ducts and the sinus jjocularis. 
P. fluid, the fluid secreted by the prostate, form- 
ing part of the seminal fluid as ejected from the 
. urethra ; succus prostaticus*. P. ganglion, a gan¬ 
glion of the prostatic plexus distributed to the 
seminal vesicles and the cavernous part of the 






PROSTATICA 


PROTEID 


779 


penis. P. plexus, i. A plexus of veins around 
the prostate and the base of the bladder. 2. A 
plexus of nerves distributed to the prostate, sem¬ 
inal vesicles, and erectile tissue of the penis; 
plexus prosiaticus*. P. portion, that portion of 
the male urethra surrounded by the prostate body 
and into which the prostatic and ejaculatory 
ducts open; pars prostatica*. P. sinus, a depres¬ 
sion on the bottom of the urethra on each side of 
the caput gallinaginis, into which the ducts of 
the prostatic gland open. P. urethra, the pros¬ 
tatic portion of the urethra. P. utricle or vesicle 
= SINUS POCULARIS. 
pros-tat'i-ca. The prostate gland. 
pros-tat*i-co-ves'i-cal plexus. A venous plexus sur¬ 
rounding the prostate and the neck and lower 
fundus of the bladder. 

pros-ta-ti'tis. Inflammation of the prostate gland, 
usually due to gonorrhoea, fpros-ta-tit'ic. 
pros'ta-to-. Relating or belonging to the prostate: 
a combining form. [ < npoaraT?/^ one who stands 
before.] pros-tat'o-cele = prostatauxe. — pros*- 
ta-to-cys-ti'tis, inflammation of the prostate gland 
and of the bladder.— pros’ta-to-cys-tot'o-my, 
operative incision of the prostate and the bladder. 
— pros-ta-tol'i-thus, a calculus in the prostate 
gland.— pros'ta-tome, an instrument for perform¬ 
ing a cutting operation on the prostate.— pros*- 
ta-to-meg'a-ly, hypertrophy of the prostate.— 
pros-ta-tom'e-ter, an instrument for measuring 
the prostate.— pros-tat'o-my = prostatotomy. — 
pros’ta-to-my-o-mec'to-my, excision of a myoma 
of the prostate.— pros-ta-ton'cus, a tumor or en¬ 
largement of the prostate gland.— pros-ta-tor- 
rhce'a, excessive secretion of prostatic fluid, as in 
chronic prostatitis.— pros-ta-tot'o-my, surgical 
incision of the prostate; prostatomy.— pros*ta-to- 
ve-sic-u-li'tis, combined inflammation of the 
prostate and the seminal vesicles, 
pros-then-ceph'a-lon. That portion of the brain 
which constitutes the cerebellum and the medulla 
oblongata. [< irpoaOev before + brain.] 

pros'theon. =Prosthion. 

pros'the-sis. In surgery, the addition of an artificial 
part to replace that which has been lost or de¬ 
stroyed, as an artificial leg or eye. Gersuny’s 
METHOD. [< Trpdf to or in addition to + Tidkvai 
to put or place.] fpros-thet'ic, as P. dentistry, 
the science, art, and aesthetics of restoring lost 
dental organs and their associated parts with ar¬ 
tificial substitutes: and P. group, the non^proteid 
group of a proteid molecule, ts- Prosthodontia. 
pros-thet'ics, surgery which treats of prosthesis, 
pros'thi on. i. The alveolar point. 2. The penis. 
[< TzpoadLoq foremost.] 

pros-tho-don'ti a. The restoring of the teeth, es¬ 
pecially with reference to the harmony and ex¬ 
pression of the lower half of the face. Pros¬ 
thetic DENTISTRY. 

pros-tho-lyt'ic. Progressive change. [< TTpocOev 
before + Tivaiq a loosening.] 
pros-ti-tu'tion. Submission to sexual intercourse 
for hire; social evil. [ < L. pro before + statu'ere 
to place.] tpros'ti-tute, as P.'s colic — colica 

SCORTORUM. 

pro'sto-ma. = Blastopore. 

pros-tra'tion. Extreme feebleness or exhaustion the 
effect of disease; dejection; depression. When 
prostration affects the whole system, the patient 
is said to suffer from general prostration of the vital 
powers. The principal forms of prostration of a 
single system are (i) Aiuscular p., in which there 


is complete exhaustion of the voluntary muscles, 
and (2) Nervous p., in which the nerve ^centres, 
and especially those associated with the mind, are 
rendered incapable of performing their functions. 
Heat p., m- insolation. 

pro'ta-gon. A nitrogenous proximate principle of 
choline and myelin, CjgoH308N5P02r,, isolated by 
Liebreich from the brain and said to enter into 
the stroma of the red bloodscorpuscles; cerebrote 
of Couerbe. Some consider it only a mixture of 
certain complex compounds, some of which do, 
and others do not, contain phosphorus, 
pro'tal. Primary; original; first; hereditary, 
pro-tal'bu-mose. = Proto=albumose. 
pro-tam'ine. i. A base, CjgHggNgOj, contained 
along with nuclein in spermatozoa. 2. Simple 
proteins, as salmine and sturine, obtained from 
fishssperm. 

pro'tan. A nucleoproteid of tannin, containing 
50% tannin: used as an intestinal astringent. 
Dose, 0.6 to 2 Gm. (10 to 30 grs.). 
pro'ta-nope. A partially color-blind person whose 
retina is more sensitive to the short wave-lengths 
of the blue end of the spectrum than to the 
longer ones of the red end, one more sensitive to 
the longer rays being known as a deuteranope. 
pro-tar'gol. = Silver proteid. 
pro'te an. Assuming many different forms. P. ani¬ 
malcule = amceb a. [< Upcorevg Proteus, a Greek 
god, possessing the power to assume many forms.] 
pro'te ase. i. A substance, as pepsin, trypsin, erep- 
sin, and enterokinase, which breaks iip proteids 
into peptones and peptones into amino-acids. 
[Tf Ott. ’07.] 2. A diastase which acts upon the 

albuminates, gelatin, nucleoalbumins, and glob¬ 
ulin, similar to the protecjytic enzyme of malt 
and papain, but not upon albumin, by which 
property it is distinguished from pepsin: pro¬ 
duced by Aspergillus niger. [^[ G. ’07.] 
pro-tec'tin. i. An adhesive paper with a rubber 
mixture on one side: used in surgery. 2. A com- 
plementoid-like substance developing in serum 
standing in vitro and having an antihaemolytic 
action. 

pro-tec'tive. i. Covering or protecting. P. cells = 
COVER-CELLS. P. dressing, a dressing which 
shields the part from injury or septic infection. 
P. proteid = DEFENSIVE PROTEID. 2. A water¬ 
proof substance applied immediately over a 
wound in dressing to prevent irritation from the 
antiseptics employed; Lister’s protective; green 
protective. [< L. pro before + te'gere to cover.] 
pro-tec'tyl. A proprietary prophylactic against ve¬ 
nereal infection containing salicylate of mercury, 
pro-te'ic. Relating or pertaining to protein: some¬ 
times in composition, as in xanthoproteic. 
pro'te id. Any one of a class of complex, nitrogen¬ 
ous, laevorotatory organic compounds forming the 
essential part of animal and vegetable tissues. 
They are colloidal in nature and composed of 
various amino-acids. When heated with strong 
acids or alkalies, the original substance disap¬ 
pears, giving rise to nitrogenous acids. The pro¬ 
teids comprise the albumins, albuminates, glob¬ 
ulins, fibrins, albumoses, peptones, and amy¬ 
loid substances. The albuminoids are sometimes 
classed as proteids. Varieties of proteid are Bac¬ 
terial; Bacterial cellular; Coagulated; De¬ 
fensive; and Floating (= circulating albu¬ 
min). The word is used in different senses in Ger¬ 
many and England and should be discarded in 
favor of the word protein. [< Trpwroc first.] 


PROTEIN 


7 S 0 


PROTO- 


pro'tein. i. A theoretical compound formerly re¬ 
garded as the most important constituent of pro- 
teids. 2. A general name recommended to replace 
the term proteid. Halliburton divides the pro¬ 
teins into the following subclasses: (i) Protam¬ 
ines; (2) Histones; (3) Albumins; (4) Globu¬ 
lins, to which fibrin belongs; (5) Scleroproteins, 
i. e., the albuminoid of the German and English 
physiologists; (6) Phosphoproteins; (7) Conju¬ 
gated proteins, subdivided into (a) Glucoproteins, 
as mucin; (b) Nucleoproteins; (c) Chromopro¬ 
teins, as haemoglobin. According to the recom¬ 
mendations of the American Physiological and 
American Biochemical Societies, the word should 
designate that group of substances which consists 
essentially of combinations of the asamino»acids 
and their derivatives, they being essentially poly¬ 
peptides. In this classification the various groups 
are designated as (i) Simple proteins, protein sub¬ 
stances which yield only (isaminosacids or their 
derivatives on hydrolysis, including substances, 
as the albumins, globulins, glutelins, histones, 
protamines, etc.; (2) Conjugated proteins, sub¬ 
stances containing the protein molecule united to 
some other molecule or molecules, otherwise than 
as a salt, including substances, as the nucleo¬ 
proteins, glycoproteins, phosphoproteins, haemo¬ 
globins, etc.; (3) Derived proteins, including (a) 
primary protein derivatives, such as are derived 
by hydrolytic change involving only slight altera¬ 
tions of the protein molecule, as the metapro¬ 
teins, coagulated proteins, etc., and (b) secondary 
protein derivatives, in which there is further 
hydrolytic cleavage of the protein molecule, as in 
the proteoses, peptones, and peptides. P. body = 
PROTEID. P. granules, small particles of proteid 
matter found in seeds; aleurone. P. hydrolysis, 
a term preferred by Halliburton to proteolysis. 
The products of P. hydrolysis are classified as 
(i) Infraproteins, (2) Proteoses, (3) Peptones, and 
(4) Polypeptides. [< irpuTeveiv to be first.] 
te'i-form. pro’te-i-na'ce ous, as P. principles, 
albuminous alimentary principles, so called from 
their yielding protein. Their composition is iden¬ 
tical with that of the constituents of blood, 
pro-te-in'o-chrome. I.M. ’03.] 
pro-te'i-nol. A proprietary food and stimulant, 
pro-te-i'num pyocyane'um. An extract from cul¬ 
tures of Bacil'lus pyocya'neus: used as a lotion for 
suppurating ulcers and purulent inflammation, 
pro-ten-ceph'a-lon. The forebrain, or the prosen¬ 
cephalon; in a wider sense, the prosencephalon 
and diencephalon taken together, 
pro-te-ol'y-sis. The digestion or conversion of pro- 
teids into diffusible substances; protein hydroly- 
s=is. [< PROTEIN solution.] tpro’te-o-lyt'- 
ic, as P. ferment, one which promotes proteolysis, 
pro'te-ose. A derivative of protein obtained by 
protein hydrolysis, as albumose, globulose, gela- 
tose, etc.; any substance intermediate between a 
proteid and a peptone. The protoproteose and 
heteroproteose formed from the splitting up of the 
acid albumin by the action of pepsin are known 
as the primary proteoses, these in turn taking up 
water and by cleavage forming secondary or deu- 
teroproteoses. 

Proteoso'ma. A genus of haemosporidian parasites 
of birds, resembling the Plasmo'dium of malaria, 
pro-te-o-su'ri a. The presence of proteoses in the 
urine. 

pro-te-u'ri a. The presence of proteins in the urine, 
tpro-te-u'ric. 


Pro'teus. A genus of schizomycetes, characterized 
by great varietv of forms. P. capsula'tus and P. 
hom'inis are normally harmless and become 
pathogenic only upon diminished power of resist¬ 
ance of the organism. P. haus'seri, the cause 
of KEDANI DISEASE. P. VUlp'tis = BaCILLUS 
VULGARIS. P. zen'keri occurs in putrefying ani¬ 
mal matter and forms a poisonous ptomaine. 

proth'e-sis. =-Prosthesis. P. ocula'ris, the inser¬ 
tion of an artificial eye. [< 7 rpd hefoTe + Tidirat. 
to place.] tpro-thet'ic. 

pro-throm'bin. An active enzyme which forms 
fibrin; fibrinogen: the intermediary stage between 
the nucleoproteid of the plasma and thrombin. 

pro-thy-al-o-so'ma. The nucleus of an ovum before 
maturation. [<. Trpurog firstglass-fcrw/za 
body.] 

pro-thy'mi a. Quickness of the mind. [< Trpodvfiia 
alertness.] 

pro-ti'o-dide. = Protosiodide. 

pro'tist. Any singlescelled organism. [< TzpCiTiaTog 
the first.] 

pro'to-. Denoting (i) first or primary; (2) in chem¬ 
istry, the first degree of chemical combination or 
the lowest of a series of compounds of the same 
element: a combining form. [<7rpd)rof first.] pro- 
tosal'bu-mose, a variety of albumose soluble in 
hot and in cold water, and precipitated by satu¬ 
rating with sodium chloride.— pro'to-blast. i. A 
cell which is without a celbwall. 2. The nucleus 
of an ovum. — pro-to-blas'tic = holoblastic. — 
pro-to-ca'se-ose, one of the first substances formed 
in the digestion of casein.— pro*to-cat-e-chu'ic 
acid, dioxybenzoic acid, C^HgO^, sometimes found 
in the urine.—pro-to-cer'e-brum,the rudimentary 
brain; the cerebrum in its vesicular stage of de¬ 
velopment. tpro-to-cer'e-bral.— pro-to-chlo'ride, 
that one of a series of chlorides of the same base 
which contains the smallest amount of chlorine. 

— Protococ'cus denta'lis, a species of algae or 
fungi occurring in connection with decay or caries 
of the teeth.— pro-to-com'pound, a binary com¬ 
pound containing relatively less of the acid ele¬ 
ment than any other compound of the same ele¬ 
ments.— pro'tose-las'tose, hemielastin, a product 
of the primary stage of the digestion of elastin. 

— pro-tog'a-la = colostrum. — pro-to-gas'ter = 
PROSOGASTER. tP^o-to-gas'tric.— pro'to-gen. i. 
Any albuminoid substance whose aqueous solution 
does not coagulate when heated. 2. A food and 
therapeutic agent derived by the action of formal¬ 
dehyde upon eggsalbumin or serums album in.— 
pro-to-glob'u-lose, a product of the first stage in 
the digestion of globulin.— pro-to-haem'o-blast, a 
haemoglobin cell.— pro-tosi'o-dide, that one of 
several iodides of the same base which contains 
the least iodine.— pro-to-leu'co-cyte, a small lym¬ 
phoid cell occurring in the bonesmarrow and in 
the spleen.— pro-tom'e-ter, an instrument for 
measuring the forward projection of the eyeball. 
[If G. ’07.] — pro-to-my-o'si-nose, one of the 
primary products of the digestion of myosin.— 
pro'ton, the primitive rudiment of a part: a sug¬ 
gested equivalent for the German term “Anlage.” 

— pro-to-neph'ros, -neph'ron, the primitive ex¬ 
cretory organ of the embryo, including the pro¬ 
nephros, the metanephros, and the mesonephros, 
tpro-to-neph'ric. — pro-to-neu'ron, a bipolar neu¬ 
ron or ganglionscell of a special type forming a 
primary independent centripetal endsorgan. In 
it the axisscylinder of an affervent nervesfibril 
enters through one of its prolongations and termi- 


PROTO- 


781 


PROXIMATE 


nates in the endoplasm. — pro-to-ni'tro-gen, 
that one of a series of several salts which 
contains the smallest amount of nitric acid 
combining with the base. — pro-to-nu'cle in, 
a substance from lymphatic glands used to 
induce cellular metabolism. — pro-tosor'gan- 
ism = MicRO*ORGANisM. — proto-pa'thi a, a 
primary disease. Deuteropathy ; idio- 

PATHY. tpro-to-path'ic, as P. sensibility, 
EPiCRiTic SENSIBILITY. —pro'to-phyte, ’ a uni¬ 
cellular plant ; a very simple cryptogram, 
consisting of a single cell. — pro'to-pine, a white, 
crystalline alkaloid, CgoH^gNOg, from opium.— 
pro-to-pla'sis, the primary formation of a thing. 
— pro-to-plasm, the nitrogenous substance, usu¬ 
ally resembling the white of an egg, from which 
living cells are formed; the organized substance 
common to all organisms, animal and vegetable, 
which represents the physical base of life, and 
which is the point of departure of all cellular 
evolution. It consists principally of water and 
proteids. Living protoplasm possesses amoe¬ 
boid and contractile movements, can reproduce 
itself, perform the function of nutrition, and 
conduct impulses. Morphologically, protoplasm 
consists of a fibrillar or reticular portion (spongio- 
plasm) and a less active interfibrillar substance 
(hyaloplasm), tpro-to-plas-mat'ic; pro-to-plas'- 
mic, as P. process, any one of the branched 
threads of the processes of a nervescell, distin¬ 
guished from the axis^cylinder process, or neurit; 
dendrite, and P. stain, one which colors the pro¬ 
toplasm, as distinguished from one which colors 
the nuclei (nuclear stain). — pro'to-plast, a pri¬ 
mary formation, fpro-to-plas'tic. — pro-to-plas'- 
tin, that substance which forms the basic element 
of protoplasm.— pro-to-pro'te in, the substance 
which, when converted into nucleoproteids, forms 
living matter. [TJ 6^.’07.] — pro-to-pro'te-ose, ^ 
PROTEOSE. — pro-top'sis = PROPTOsis. — pro-to- 
psy'che = prosencephalcvn*. —pro'to-quin-am'i- 
sin, a substance, CJ7H20N2O2, obtained from qui- 
namine sulphate.— pro'to-sal, an oily liquid, sali¬ 
cylic acid glycerinsformalester: used externally in 
rheumatism.— pro'to-salt, that one of a series of 
salts which contains the smallest amount of sub¬ 
stance combining with the base.— pro'to-scope. 
[II J. H. Hasp. Bull. Sept. ’03.]— pro-to-so'ma, a 
spot in the transparent blastoderm, being the first 
point of development of the embryo.— pro'to- 
spasm,the earlier spasm, as in epilepsy, occurring 
in single groups of muscles, which later leads to 
general convulsions: usually an indication of a cir¬ 
cumscribed lesion of the cerebral cortex.— pro'to- 
sper-mat'o-blast = spermatospore. — pro-tos'- 
to-ma=BLASTOPORE. — pro-to-sul'phate, that one 
of a series of sulphates which contains the small¬ 
est amount of sulphuric acid.— pro-to-throm'bin 
= PROTHROMBIN. — pro-to-tox'in, a product disso¬ 
ciated from the toxins and having a stronger af¬ 
finity for the antitoxins, than either the deutero- 
toxins or tritotoxins. [If G. ’07.]— pro-to-tox'oid, 
a product obtained by the transformation of pro¬ 
totoxin, retaining its combining power but losing 
its toxicity. — pro-to-troph'ic, a term applied to 
such organisms as do not require organic matter 
nor decompose proteids.— pro'to-type, an original 
type; one on which other types are modelled.— 
pro’to-ve-rat'ri-dine, pro’to-ve-rat'rine, alkaloids, 
having respectively the formulas, CggH^sNOg and 
CjoHgjNOjj: obtained from Verat'rum vir'ide and 
V. al'bum .— pro-to-ver'te-bra, any one of the 


small, quadrilateral, mesoblastic segments which 
arrange themselves on each side of the chorda in 
the embryo; somite. tP>'o~tO“Ver'te-braI, as P. 
column, lamina, or plate, a thick column of meso¬ 
blastic tissue along the medullary groove, which 
divides to form the protovertebrae or somites: P. 

= PROTOVERTEBRA. —pro-to'vum, an ovum 
in its most primitive stage; an ovum before im¬ 
pregnation.— pro-tox'ide, that one of a series of 
oxides which is the first in the scale, or which has 
the smallest quantity of oxygen.— pro-tox'oid = 
PROTOTOXOID. — pro-to-zo'a, pi. of protozoan, the 
name for the primary type or lowest division of 
the animal kingdom. The Protozoa are low, 
minute animals, composed of single cells or pro¬ 
toplasmic masses without permanently differenti¬ 
ated organs and usually parasitic, Plasmodi¬ 
um; TRYPANOSOME, fpro-to-zo'al; pro-to-zo'an. 
pro-to-zo'on. pro-to-zo-ol'o-gy. 
pro-trac'ted labor. Labor abnormally prolonged, 
pro-trac'tor. An instrument for drawing bodies 
from wounds. 

pro'tra-hens auric'ulse. =Attrahens auris. P- 
len'tis, the ciliary muscle of the eye. 
pro'tro-pine. = Protopine. 

pro-tru'sion. A swelling or pushing outward, as of 
the eye in exophthalmos, tpro-trud'ing. 
pro-tru'sor lin'guae. = Geniohyoglossus. 
pro-tryp'sin. A zymogen from which trypsin is 
formed. 

pro-tu'be-rance. A swelling; an apophysis; a proc¬ 
ess; eminentia*', protuberantia*. 
pro-tu-be-ran'ti a*. = Protuberance. P. menta'- 
lis*, the eminence at the front of the base of the 
mandible which forms the basis of the chin, giv¬ 
ing its variety of shape; mental process, prom¬ 
inence, or protuberance. ^ Spina mentalis*; 
tuberculum mentale*. P. occipitaTis exter'na* 
= occipital protuberance. 
prot-u-re'ter. The duct of the protonephros or prim¬ 
itive kidney. [< Trporof first -f ureter*.] 
pro'tyl, pro-ty'le. i. The. supposed primary source 
of all living elements; biod, or biogen. 2. = 
M ethyl. P.sleucin. B. M.J. ij.’06.] [<Trpw- 
Tog first -b vyiTf matter.] tpro-tyl'ic. 
pro'ty-lin. A proprietary nutrient containing 2.7% 
of phosphorus and 81% eggsalbumin: used in 
neurasthenia, etc. Dose, 2 to 4 coffeesspoonfuls. 

Len. ’07.] 

proud flesh. A popular term for fungus: commonly 
applied to any redundant growth of granulations. 
ProustsLicht'heim test. A test for differentiating 
subcortical from true motor aphasia, 
prov'ing. A test, especially a homoeopathic term 
for an experiment designed to show the thera¬ 
peutic value of a remedy. 

pro-vi'sion-al. For the time being; temporary, as 
P. canthoplasty, t®* canthoplasty. 
prox'i-mad. Toward the proximal end: opposite 
of disiad. 

prox'i-mal, prox-i-maTis*. Nearest the trunk, 
when treating of the extremities: opposite to dis¬ 
tal. P. clot, a clot formed in a ligatured vessel 
above the seat of ligature. P. phalanx, a phalanx 
which articulates with a metacarpal or a meta¬ 
tarsal bone. [< prox'imus nearest.] 
prox'i-mate. Nearest; immediate. P. analysis, the 
determination of the simpler compounds which 
constitute a substance. Ultimate analysis deter¬ 
mines the elements entering into the composition 
of a substance. P. cause, the condition of the 
system which necessitates the disease: thus, ex- 


PROX. LUC. 


782 


PSEUD- 


cess of blood is the proximate cause of plethora. 
The proximate causf must not be confounded 
with the exciting cause, which may be merely 
some accidental circumstance that excites or 
starts the diseased action. P. principle = imme¬ 
diate PRINCIPLE. [< L. prox'imus next.] 

Prox. luc. Abbr. for prox'ima lu'ce, the next day. 
pro-zo'nal. Lying in front of a sclerozone: applied 
to nervestrunks. G. ’07.] 
pru'i-nate. Resembling hoar=frost. [<!}. prui'na.] 
prune. s^Prunum*. P.sjuice sputum, a dark red- 
dishsbrown expectoration due to admixture with 
blood, characteristic of certain forms of pneu¬ 
monia, etc. 

pru-lau'ra-sin. A crystalline glucoside from the 
leaves of the cherry=laurel. I. M. ’06.] 
pru-neTla. i. = Angina pectoris. 2. A sore 
throat or mouth. 3. A genus of labiate plants, 
one of which (P. vulga'ris, or self=heal) w'as for¬ 
merly much esteemed in domestic medicine. 4. 
Prunella salt, sal prunelle; saltpetre, or potassium 
nitrate, moulded into little balls, 
pru'nin. i. =Cerasin. 2. A precipitated pow¬ 
der from the tincture of Pru'nus serot'ina: used in 
lung^troubles. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). 
pru'num*. The partly dried fruit of Pru'nus domes'- 
tica; a plum or prune: nutrient and laxative. 
Pru'nus. A genus of rosaceous plants, including 
the cherry, apricot, peach, and plum. P. amyg'- 
dalus = Amygdalus communis. P. cer'asus, the 
red cherry tree. P. domes'tica, the plum tree, 
the fruit of which is known as prunum*. P. lau- 
rocer'asus, the cherry*tree laurel, or poisonslaurel. 
It is a nervous sedative, and contains a small 
quantity of prussic acid. P. serot'ina, the sys¬ 
tematic name of the wild cherry, P. virgini- 
ANA*. P. spino'sa, the sloe, or blackthorn, a na¬ 
tive of Europe, found sparingly in the United 
States. Its bark is astringent, and has been used 
as a febrifuge. P. virginia'na*. i. The system¬ 
atic name of the choke=cherry. Its fruit is astrin¬ 
gent, austere, and scarcely edible. The bark of 
this tree has valuable medicinal qualities, com¬ 
bining tonic and antiperiodic qualities with a 
diaphoretic and antispasmodic tendency. 2. The 
U. S. P. name for wild cherry, it being the care¬ 
fully dried bark of Pru'nus serot'ina, collected in 
the autumn. It is tonic, febrifuge, sedative, and 
pectoral, and used in bronchitis, incipient phthisis, 
scrofulous affections accompanied with hectic 
fever, etc. Dose in powder, 2 to 4 Gm. (30 to 60 
grs.). t®- Fluidextractum pruni virginian/E*; 

INFUSUM PRUNI VIRGINIAN^*; SYRUPUS PRUNI 
VIRGINIANS*. [L., fr. TTpobfiv-i] plum tree.] 
pru'ri ent. i. Itching ; stinging ; causing an itching 
sensation. 2. Lustful; sensual in thought or im¬ 
agination. [< L. pru'riens itching.] 
pru-ri'go. A dark, papular eruption affecting the 
whole surface of the skin or confined to some 
particular organ or part, as the extensor sides of 
the extremities, and accompanied by the sense of 
constant itching: often confounded with pru¬ 
ritus. Hebra’s p. ; Hutchinson’s p. P. 
aestiva'lis = summer prurigo. P. ag'ria or fe'- 
rox, a very severe, incurable form, marked by 
exfoliation of the skin, eczema rubrum, pustular 
papules, or swelling of the lymphatic glands. P. 
hiema'lis = pruritus hiemalis. P. seni'lis = 
pruritus senilis. P. sim'plex or vulga'ris, a mild 
form of prurigo with isolated papules. [< L. 
pruri're to itch.] fpru-rig'i-nous, as P. rhinitis 

= HAY FEVER. 


pru-ri'tus. An intense degree of itching, either an 
independent neurosis without visible changes in 
the skin or symptomatic of diseases like eczema, 
diabetes, gout, urticaria, uraemia, prurigo, etc. P. 
a'ni, pruritus around the region of the anus. P. 
hiema'lis, a form resulting from exposure to cold 
or occurring in winter, especially in dry climates; 
winter itch. P. seni'lis, a form occurring in old 
age. P. vul'vae, itching at the vul'va. fpru-rit'ic. 
Prussak’s chamber or space (prus'ocs). A small 
space above the short process of the malleus, 
limited externally by Shrapnell’s membrane. 
P.’s fibres, two short fibres extending from the 
end of the short process of the malleus to the 
notch of Rivinus. 

Prus'sian alkali. = Phlogisticated alkali. P. 
blue, a pigment of a rich blue color; Berlin blue; 
ferric ferrocyanide: so called because discovered 
by the Prussian chemist, Diesbach. It is also 
used in medicine as an antiperiodic. Dose, 0.12 
to 0.3 Gm. (2 to 5 grs.). 
prus'si ate. A salt of prussic acid, 
prus'sic acid. A common name applied to hydro¬ 
cyanic ACID, because it was formerly supposed to 
be an ingredient of prussian blue, ts- Acidum 

HYDROCYANICUM DILUTUM*. 

Przewalski’s sign (she-val'sktz). The intercostal 
spaces narrow and the rigidity of the intercostal 
muscles increases on the affected side in pleural 
effusion. 

psalis (se'h's). The fornix of the cerebrum. [< 
arch or vault.] fps^'oid. 
psalloid (sal'oid). Resembling the lyra of the brain, 
psalterium (sal-ti'ri-um). i. =Lyra. 2. A set of 
longitudinal fibres on the floor of the sylvian 
aqueduct. 3. =Manyplies. [< ' ijmXri^piov harp .] 
tpsal-te'ri al. 

psammismus (sa-mfz'mus). i. The passing of 

gravel with the urine. 2. The use of the sand^ 
bath in the treatment of disease, 
psammo- (sam'o-). Denoting gravel or sand: a 
combining form. [< sand.] psam-mo- 

car-ci-no'ma, a carcinoma containing calcareous 
matter.— psam-mo'ma, a hard tumor in the dura 
mater, the chorioid plexus of the brain, the ven¬ 
tricles, or along the nerves, composed of fibrous 
tissue mixed with brain*sand.— psam-mo-ther'a- 
py, the use of sand or the sand*bath in the treat¬ 
ment of disease.— psam'mous, sandy; calcareous, 
psellism, psellismus (sel'tsm, se-h'z'mus). Hesitation 
of speech; stammering; bad utterance; anarthria 
literalis. [< to stammer.] 

pseud-, pseudo- (siud-, siu'do-). Denoting false, ap¬ 
parent, resembling; a combining form. [< 
false.] pseud-a-cet'ic acid = propionic acid. — 
pseu-da-con'i-tine, a yellowish, amorphous pow- 
der, CggH^gNOjj, from Acon'itum fe'rox. It is 
twice as powerful as aconitine and when decom¬ 
posed forms pseu-dac'o-nine, C27H41NO9, an amor¬ 
phous alkaloid.— pseu-da-cous'ma, pseu-da-cu'sis, 
false hearing; a defect of the hearing in which 
the quality and pitch of sound seem altered.— 
pseu-daes-the'si a, pseu-daes-the'sis. i. False or 
imaginary feeling or sensation; imaginary sense 
of touch in organs that have been long removed, 
as often experienced by those who have suffered 
the amputation of some limb. 2. That condition 
in which actual perception of one sense gives rise 
to imaginary or false perceptions of another.— 
pseu’dal-bu-mi-nu'ri a = cyclic albuminuria. — 
pseu-dam-ne'si a, a transitory amnesic condition, 
pseu-da'phe, pseu-da'phi a = pseudvesthesia. 


PSEUD- 


783 


PSEUDO- 


— pseu-dar-thri'tis, an hysterical condition resem¬ 
bling arthritis.— pseu-dar-thro'sis, the formation 
of a false joint. la- Nearthrosis. — pseu-dem'e- 
sis, simulated vomiting.— pseu-den-ceph'a-lus, a 
monstrosity in which a vascular tumor, contain¬ 
ing possibly some nervous tissue, replaces the 
brain. — pseu-des-the'si a = pseud^sthesia. — 
pseu-din-o-gen'e-sis, abnormal production of 
fibres.— pseu-di-no'ina=:PHANTOM tumor. — pseu- 
diph-ther'ic, simulating diphtheria. — pseu-di-so- 
py'rine, an alkaloid resembling isopyrine, from 
Isopy'rum thalictroi'des. — pseu-do-, pseud-. — 
pseu*dosa-chon-dro-pla'si a, an atypical form of 
achondroplasia.— pseu’do=a-con'i-tine = pseuda- 
coNiTiNE. — pseu*do=ac-ro-me-ga'li a, a condition 
simulating acromegalia. — pseu'do=ac-ti-no-my- 
co'sis, phthisis in which the sputum contains 
crystalline bodies resembling actinomycosis 
grains. — pseu-do=a-graph'i a, agraphia in which 
meaningless and disconnected words can be writ¬ 
ten. — pseu'dosal-bu-mi-nu'ri a = cyclic albu¬ 
minuria. — pseu'do=al-ve'o-lar, simulating alveo¬ 
lar tissue. — pseu'do=a-nae'mi a, progressive per¬ 
nicious anaemia. — pseu'dosan-gi'na, a neurosis re¬ 
sembling angina, but with less severe symptoms. 

— pseu'dosan-gi-o'ma, a temporary angioma.— 
pseu*dosan-o-rex'i a, a condition simulating ano¬ 
rexia.— pseu'do=ap'o-plex-y, a condition resem¬ 
bling apoplexy, but without cerebral hemorrhage. 

— pseu*dosap-pen-di-ci'tis, an enterocolitis local¬ 
ized in the ileocaecal region.—- pseu'dosa-prax'i a, 
a condition simulating apraxia. — pseu'dosar- 
thro'sis, sar-tic-u-la'tion = pseudarthrosis. — 
pseu’dosa-tax'i a = pseudotabes. — pseu*do=ba- 
cil'lus. I. Very small crystals of fat staining like 
tubercle bacilli: sometimes found in the sputum. 
They are distinguished from the latter by their 
variability in size and solubility in chloroform 
and ether. 2. In the plural. Pseudobacilli of 
Hayem, very small, rod=shaped elements resulting 
from corpuscular fragmentation in poikilocytosis. 

G. ’07.] — pseu’do-bac-te'ri um, a cell or cor¬ 
puscle resembling a bacterium. —pseu-do-blep'si a, 
-blep'sis, false vision; depraved sight, in which 
objects are imagined or seen different from what 
they are.— pseu-do-bul'bar paralysis, paralysis 
affecting the same regions as bulbar paralysis, 
but dependent on cerebral lesions.— pseu-do-cal'- 
cu-lus, a bloody or fibrinous mass sometimes seen 
in the urine.— pseu*do-car-ci-no'ma, a morbid 
condition resembling cancer, as P. la'bit = CAN- 
CRUM ORIS. — pseu’do-car-ti-lag'i-nous, resembling 
cartilage.— pseu'do-cast=CYLiNDROiD. — pseu'do- 
cele = PSEUDOCCELE. — pseu'do-ce-li-ot'o-my = 
PSEUDOCCELIOTOMY. — pseu-do-ceph'a-lo-cele, a 
cephalocele occurring after birth from injury or 
disease of the cranial bones.— pseu-do-cer'e-brin, 
a compound, C44H92NOg, obtained from brain* 
tissue. — pseu*do-cha-la'zi on, a lesion of the con¬ 
junctiva, resembling a chalazion. — pseu-do-chan'- 
cre, a sore resembling a chancre. — pseu‘do-chlo- 
ro'sis, a form of chlorosis in which the number of 
red bloodscorpuscles is not diminished. — pseu'do- 
cho-re'a, an hysterical affection simulating chorea. 

— pseu-do-chro-maes-the'si a, color*hearing; asso¬ 
ciation of some particular color sensation with 
every sound*perception.— pseu*do-chro-mi-dro'- 
sis, sweat becoming colored after exudation by 
bacteria.— pseu-do-chro'mi a, false colorspercep- 
tion.— pseu-do-chy'lous ascites, ascites with a 
turbid fluid free from fat.— pseu-do-cil'i a, ab¬ 
normal hairs on various parts of the conjunctiva. 


— pseu*do-cir-rho'sis, a condition resembling cir¬ 
rhosis of the liver, due to latent pericarditis 
and circulatory disturbances.— pseu'do-clurap, a 
bacterial clump in broth typhoid cultures 
which closely resembles the true typhoid agglu¬ 
tinin clumps. — pseu-do-co'de ine, a by-product, 
CjgHjiNOg, in the preparation of apocodeine: 
weaker than codeine.— pseu'do-ccele, pseu-do- 
coe'li a, the space within the septum lucidum; the 
so-called “fifth ventricle” of the brain. — pseu*- 
do-cce-li-ot'o-my, simulated abdominal section. 
— .pseu-do-col'loid, a substance sometimes found 
in ovarian cysts.— pseu'do-col-o-bo'ma, a small 
fissure of the iris, being the last remains of the 
embryonic ocular fissure. — pseu*do-con-trac'- 
tion, a spasmodic contracture due to retraction 
of tendons, trauma, or inflammation of muscles, 
and localized in a small number of muscles. — 
pseu'do-cox-al'gi a, a neurosis simulating hip- 
joint disease.— pseu-do-cri'sis, a sudden abate¬ 
ment of febrile symptoms, immediately followed 
by a return of the fever.— pseu'do-croup, a name 
for laryngismus stridulus and asthma thymicus. 

— pseu-do-cum'ene, a colorless liquid, C^Hjg, con¬ 
tained in coal-tar oil.— pseu*do-cu-ra'rine, a non- 
poisonous base from the laurel. — pseu*do-cy-e'- 
sis, false or spurious pregnancy.— pseu'do-cy-lin'- 
droid, any substance, as mucus, in the urine, re¬ 
sembling a renal cast. — pseu'do-cyst, a sac-like 
abnormality simulating a cyst. — pseu*do-de- 
men'ti a, a condition simulating dementia but 
without actual loss of the mental powers.— 
pseu-do-di'a-scope, an instrument designed to 
show the persistence of visual images on the 
retina. — pseu*do-di-as-tol'ic, simulating but not 
truly diastolic. — pseu*do-diph-the'ri a, pharyn¬ 
gitis or tonsillitis with an exudate resembling that 
of diphtheria, but not due to the Klebs-Loffler 
bacillus. P. bacillus, an organism found in the 
mouth and pharynx closely resembling the 
diphtheria bacillus both in form and culture. It 
is regarded by some as a diphtheria bacillus 
which has lost its virulence.— pseudodiplococ'- 
cus pneumo'niae, a bacterium in the form of 
short links of micrococci, found in septicaemia and 
in the last stages of meningitis 

— pseu*do-dys-pep'si a. i. = 

Neurasthenia gastrica. 2. 

= Dyspepsia nervosa. — pseu*- 
dose-de'ma = pseudo-cedema. 

— pseu’dosem-bry-on'ic, simula¬ 
ting an embryonic state or condi¬ 
tion.— pseu'dosen-ceph'a-lus = 

PSEUDENCEPHALUS. - pseU’dOS 

en-ceph-a-li'tis = hydrocepha¬ 
lus. — pseu*dosen-do-me-tri'tis, 
a condition in which there is 
atrophy and hyperplasia of 
glands, resembling that of en¬ 
dometritis.— pseu'dose-o-sin'o- 
phile, the cells resembling eo- 
sinophiles which take the place 
of neutrophiles in certain ani¬ 
mals (rabbit, guinea pig, etc.). 

— pseu-doseph'e-drine, an alka¬ 
loid from Ephedra. — pseu-dos 
ep'i-lep-sy, a condition, more 
or less of rhachitic origin, re¬ 
sembling epilepsy.— pseu’dose-piph'y-sis. /. M. 
’05.]— pseu‘dosep-i-the-li-o'ma, a false or spurious 
epithelioma.— pseu*dosep-i-the'li um. i. = En¬ 
dothelium. 2. A layer of germinal cells on the 


and pneumonia. 



Pseudo- eosino- 
PHiLES (Rab¬ 
bit’s Blood).— 
e. Eosinophile. 
p. Pseudo - eo¬ 
sinophile. 


PSEUDO- 


784 


PSEUDO- 


surface of the ovary after formation of the ova¬ 
rian tubes.— pseu*doser-y-sip'e-las, diffuse sup¬ 
purative inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, 
resembling erysipelas. — pseu'doses-the'si a = 
PSEUD^STHESIA.— pseu'dosfe-ver, an hysterical 
elevation of the temperature.— pseu-do-fi'brin, 
the coagulative matter of the blood in cases of 
buffy coat; bradyfibrin.— pseu‘do-fla-gel-la'ta, a 
term applied to the parasites of tertian malaria 
during one of their stages.— pseu*do-fluc-tu-a'- 
tion, a tremor very like fluctuation sometimes 
met with when a lipoma is tapped.— pseu‘do-fol- 
lic'u-lar salpingitis, salpingitis marked by an 
adenomyoma originating in the epithelium of the 
tube.— pseu-do-frac'ture, a fracture occurring 
spontaneously.— pseu-do-gan'gli on, a false gan¬ 
glion, consisting generally of a thickening of a 
nerve, Bochdalek’s ganglion; Cloquet’s 
p. ; Valentin’s ganglion. —pseu*do-gas-tral'gi a, 
pain resembling gastralgia, but not due to 
stomach disease.— pseu-do-gel'a-tin, any sub¬ 
stance resembling gelatin but obtained from vege¬ 
table tissues.— pseu-do-gen'e-ral paralysis, a dis¬ 
eased condition, resembling general paralysis of 
the insane, but really distinct from it, being usu¬ 
ally caused by chronic alcoholism, lead poisoning, 
etc.— pseu*do-geu-aes-the'si a, colorsgustation; a 
condition in which a tastesperception is attended 
with a false perception of color, each taste seem¬ 
ing to have a peculiar color.— pseu-do-geu'si a, 
-geus'ti a, faulty tastesperception.— pseu*do-gli- 
o'ma, a vitreous opacity, resembling glioma of the 
retina; usually from exudative choroiditis.— pseu- 
do-glob'u-lin, the water-soluble fraction of serum 
globulin, the insoluble part being called euglob- 
ulin. — pseu'do-gon-o-coc'cus, an organism re¬ 
sembling the gonococcus but not staining as in¬ 
tensely with Ehrlich’s neutral red as the true 
specimen.— pseu'do-gon-or-rhoe'a, urethritis of a 
non-specific variety.— pseu*do-haem-a-tem'e-sis, 
vomiting of substances resembling blood, as bile, 
wine, or fruit-juices.— pseu-do-haem'o-to-cele, a 
spurious haematocele, as one occurring outside of 
the peritoneal cavity.— pseu*do-haem-o-glo'bin, 
an intermediate reduction product of oxyhaemo- 
globin.— pseu*do-hal-lu-ci-na'tion, a psychosis 
having all the qualities of a hallucination except 
that the patient recognizes its subjectivity.— 
pseu-do-hel'minth, any object mistaken for an 
entoparasitic worm.— pseu-do-hem'or-rhage. i. 
Hemorrhage without rupture oJ the vessels. 
2. Vicarious bleeding. — pseu’do-her-maph'- 
ro-di-tism, equivocal formation of the external 
genital organs in those possessing distinct 
sex. tpseu’do-her-maph'ro-dite. — pseu-do-her'- 
ni a, inflamed condition of a hernial sac which 
contains no viscus, but has the appearance of 
strangulated hernia.— pseu*do-het-e-ro-to'pi a, the 
displacement of white or gray matter of the brain 
or spinal cord, as the result of careless handling 
in a postmortem.— pseu'do-hy-drar-thro'sis, ap¬ 
parent hydrarthrosis of the knee-joint due to ef¬ 
fusion into the synovial sac.— pseu*do-hy-dro- 
pho'bi a=LYSsoPHOBiA.— pseu-do-hy'men, a false 
membrane.— pseu*do-hy-os-cy'a-mine, an alka¬ 
loid, C, 7 H 23 N 03 , from the leaves of Duhoi'sia my- 
oporoi'des: weaker than atropine. Dose, 0.0005 
to 0.001 Gm. (tItt to 67 S^-)-— pseu*do-hy-per'- 
tro-phy, pseu*do-hy-per-tro'phi a, apparent hyper¬ 
trophy without increase or enlargement of the 
tissue=elements, which normally compose the 
•rgan. tpseu*do-hy-per-troph'ic, as P. paralysis 


or P. muscular paralysis, a form of paralysis char¬ 
acterized by atrophy of certain muscular fibres, 
together with hypertrophy of their fatty tissues, 
so that the bulk of those muscles is greatly in¬ 
creased; lipomatosis musculorum; myo-atrophic 
paralysis; myopachynsis lipomatosis; myosclero- 
tic paralysis. It usually begins in early life.—■ 
pseu-dosil'e us, false ileus, caused by reflex, as in 
abdominal contusions; paralysis of the bowel.— 
pseu'do*in-flu-en'za, a condition simulating in¬ 
fluenza and due to an organism closely related to 
the bacillus of influenza.— pseu'dosi-so-chro-mat'- 
ic plates (Stilling’s), lithographed plates mottled 
with color-patches so chosen as to outline fig¬ 
ures, etc., to the normal eye which are indeci¬ 
pherable by the color-blind.—r pseu-do-jaun'- 
dice, discoloration of the skin resembling jaun¬ 
dice but not due to the bile.— pseu-do-jer'vin, 
an alkaloid, C29H43NO7, from Verat'rum vir'ide. 

— pseu'dosjoint = pseud arthrosis. — pseu-do- 
kous'ma = pseudacousma. — pseu'do-leu-kae'- 
mi a, -leu-co-cy-thae'mi a = Hodgkin’s disease. 
Infantile p., a variety of anaemia with compara¬ 
tively slight leucocytosis, occurring in young 
children and usually dependent on a rhachitic 
tendency; von Jaksch’s disease. Tuberculous p. 
= Sternberg’s disease. — pseu-do-li'en, an ac¬ 
cessory spleen.— pseu-do-lig'a-ment, an inflam¬ 
matory band of adhesion.— pseu-do-li-po'ma, 
localized oedema resembling a lipoma.— pseu- 
do-lo'gi a phantas'tica, the pathological impulse 
toward lying and deception in the insane.— 
pseu-do-lu'nu-la, a lunula-like mass of mucous 
cells in the salivary glands.— pseu-do-lu'pus, a 
condition resembling true lupus due to a va¬ 
riety of Oid'ium. P. vulga'ris, blastomycetic 
dermatitis. — pseu-do-lym'pho-cyte. — pseu’do- 
mal-a-cos'te on pelvis, a triradiate rhachitic pel¬ 
vis.— pseu‘do-ma-la'ri a, a disease of toxaemic 
origin, simulating malaria.— pseu-do-mam'ma, a 
structure closely resembling a mamma, sometimes 
found in dermoid cysts.— pseu-do-ma'ni a, a form 
of insanity in which the patient accuses himself 
of crimes which he has not committed; lying 
mania.— pseu*do-mel-a-no'sis, the staining of tis¬ 
sues by ferrous sulphide, either after death or 
near gangrenous parts, jpseu'do-mel-a-not'ic. 

— pseu-do-mem'brane, a false membrane; an 
organized layer of effused lymph, the effect of 
inflammation, like the membrane which is formed 
in croup, fpseu-do-mem'bra-nous, as P. bronchi¬ 
tis, bronchitis with formation of a pseudomem¬ 
brane within the bronchial tubes: P. enteritis, a 
non-febrile enteritis with an abundant exudate 
of mucin, scelotyrbe pituitosa: P. inflammation, 
inflammation attended by the formation of a false 
membrane: and P. laryngitis, membranous croup. 
— pseu*dosM6-ni-fere’s disease, paroxysms of ver¬ 
tigo, vomiting, and buzzing in the ears, occurring 
in hysterics and epileptics without actual disease 
of the ear.— pseu*do-men-in-gi'tis, symptoms of 
meningitis without actual inflammation of the 
membranes. — pseu*do-me-nin'go-cele, a cystic 
tumor of the scalp resembling a meningocele. 

— pseu-do-me'ninx, a false membrane.— pseu*- 
do-men-stru-a'tion, discharge of blood from the 
uterus dependent on systemic disease.— pseu-do- 
mer'ism = tautomerism. — pseu’do-me-tri'tis, 
spurious metritis.— pseu-dom-ne'si a, a mental 
disease in which the patient apparently remem¬ 
bers things which never occurred.— pseu*do-mo- 
no-ma'ni a, a condition with symptoms resem- 


PSEUDO- 


785 


PSEUDO- 


bling, but not due to, monomania.— Pseudom'o- 
nas, a genus of bacteria, consisting of cells with 
polar organs of locomotion. Several species cause 
diseases of plants. P. aerugino'sa = Bacillus 
PYOCYANEUs. — pseu-do-mor'phine, a white, non- 
poisonous alkaloid, Cg^H^gNgOg, from opium.— 
pseu'do-mor-pho'sis, the formation of an abnor¬ 
mal structure.— pseu-do-mo'tor, stimulating ab¬ 
normal movements. — pseu-do-mu'cin, a sub¬ 
stance similar to mucin found in proliferating 
ovarian cysts.— pseu*do-my-co'sis sarcin'ia, a my¬ 
cotic disease of the lungs, due to Sarci'na vir- 
chow'i. — pseu'do-my-e-lo'ma, a sarcoma resem¬ 
bling white brain-tissue.— pseu'do-my-o'pi a. [T[ 
J. A. M. A. j. ’o6.] — pseu*do-my-o-to'ni a, a dis¬ 
eased condition with symptoms that simulate 
myotonia.— pseu’do-myx-o'ma, a colloid growth 
developing from a ruptured mucous cyst.— pseu*- 
do-nar-cis'sine, an alkaloid from the bulb of Nar- 
cis'sus pseudonarcis'sus. — pseu-do-nar'co-tism, a 
condition simulating narcotism sometimes met 
with in hysteria, fpseu-do-nar-cot'ic. — pseu*do- * 
na-vi-cel'la, a variety of spore in certain protozoa. 
— pseu*do-neu-ral'gia, certain peripheral pains oc¬ 
curring in rhachitis.— pseu’do-neu-ri'tis op'tica. 
J.A. M. A. j. ’o6.]— pseu*do-neu-ro'ma, false neu¬ 
roma ; a new growth of heterologous tissue growing 
from a nerve.— pseu'do-nip-ple, a false nipple of 
the mammary gland.—■ pseu’do-no-ma'ni a, a mor¬ 
bid or insane propensity to lie.— pseu-do-nu'- 
cle in = PARANucLEiN. — pseu’do-nu-cle'o-lus, a 
thickening of the network of the nucleus, resem¬ 
bling a nucleolus.— pseu-do=ce-de'ma, a puffed-up 
condition resembling oedema.— pseu’dosos-te-o- 
ma-la'ci a, rhachitic contraction of the pelvis giv¬ 
ing it the appearance of the pelvis of osteomala¬ 
cia. tpseu‘dosos-te-o-ma-la'cic, as P. pelvis, a 
rickety pelvis resembling one deformed by osteo¬ 
malacia.— pseu'do-pa-ral'y-sis, a morbid condi¬ 
tion somewhat resembling paralysis, but regarded 
as distinct from it. P. ag'itans = dystaxia ag- 
iTANS. P. myasthen'ica, a term proposed by 
Jolly for bulbar paralysis without any apparent 
anatomic lesion. P. spas'tica, an apparent spas¬ 
tic paralysis due to increased tendon reflexes. 
Syphilitic p., painful thickening of the epiphyses 
of bones in children with inherited syphilis; Par¬ 
rot’s disease. It causes marked impairment of 
motion.— pseu*do-par-a-phra'si a, a form of para- 
phrasia in which objects are called by the wrong 
names.— pseu*do-par-a-ple'gi a, an affection re¬ 
sembling, but distinct from, paraplegia.— pseu’- 
do-par'a-site, a false parasite: applied to a growth 
which resembles a parasite, or to a parasite on 
dead tissues.— pseu-do-par'e-sis, an affection sim¬ 
ilar to paresis, but regarded as distinct from the 
usual forms.— pseu-do-pe-lade, a form of alopecia 
in which small white cicatrices are left.— pseu*- 
do-pel-la'gra, a condition simulating the skin- 
symptoms of pellagra, described as occurring in 
chronic alcoholism with peripheral neuritis. — 
pseu'do-pel-let'i-e-rine, an alkaloid, CgHjgNO -I- 
2H2O, from the root-bark of Pu'nica grana'- 
intn, — pseu-do-pep^tone = hemi-albuminose. — 
pseu-do-phleg'mon, a red, indurated oedema, ap¬ 
pearing like a phlegmon due to trophic lesion of 
a nerve. — pseu-do-phlo-go'sis, spurious inflam¬ 
mation.— pseu*do-pho-tes-the'si a, abnormal per¬ 
ception of light resulting from a stimulus, as ir¬ 
ritation of the Schneiderian membrane. 

’06.]—pseu-doph'thi-sis, a non-tuberculous wast¬ 
ing disease.—pseu^do-plasm. i. Neoplasm. 

50 


2. A heteromorphous new growth, in contrast to 
aaieoplasm, then considered as a homomorphous 
new growth.— pseu-do-ple'gi a = pseudoparaly¬ 
sis. — pseu-do-pleu'ri-sy, -pleu-ri'tis = pleuro¬ 
dynia. — pseu*do-pneu-mo'ni a, a lung disease 
simulating pneumonia: said to be due to a pseu*- 
do-pneu-mo-coc'cus. — pseu-do-po'di um, pi. -po'- 
di a, pseu'do-pod, a protrusion of the substance 
of an amoeba or an amoeboid cell, as in loco¬ 
motion. tpseu-do-po'di al. — pseu-do-pol'y-pus, a 
polyp-like tumor formed of blood or mucus.— 
pseu’do-po-ren-ceph'a-ly, a condition simulat¬ 
ing porencephah'^ but not necessarily including 
idiocy or impairment of the mind.— pseu-do-preg'- 
nan-cy, false pregnancy.— pseu-dop'si a, false or 
depraved vision; pseudoblepsia.— pseu-dop'so-ra 
= PSYDRACiUM. — pseu’do-pte-ryg'i um, an ap¬ 
pearance on the cornea resembling a true pteryg¬ 
ium but due to various diseases of the conjunctiva. 
— pseu-do-pto'sis, a condition resembling ptosis, 
in which a fold of skin and fat hangs down from 
the edge of the eyelid.— pseu'dospus, a liquid hav¬ 
ing the appearance of pus.— pseu-do-ra'bi es, hys¬ 
teria simulating rabies, or a condition in animals 
resembling rabies.— pseu-dosre-ac'tion, a form of 
agglutination not due to the typhoid bacillus.— 
pseu’do-rem-i-nis'cence, an apparent reminis¬ 
cence without basis in fact: seen especially in 
Korsakoff’s syndrome. — pseu'do-rheu'ma- 
tism, an affection simulating rheumatism, usually 
of infectious origin.— pseu*do-ru-be'o-la, an erup¬ 
tive disease resembling rubeola.— pseu'do-scar-la- 
ti'na, a febrile disease marked by an eruption sim¬ 
ilar to that of scarlet fever, developing after sur¬ 
gical operations, wounds, etc.— pseu-do-sar'co- 
cele = AND RUM. — pseu-do-scl6-rose en plaques, 
a tremor resembling that of scl6rose en plaques: 
probably hysterical in origin. [F.] pseu'do-scle- 
ro'sis, a disease resembling sclerosis, but lacking 
the characteristic anatomical lesions.— pseu'do- 
scope, an instrument for producing the conversion 
of the relief of any solid object to which it is di¬ 
rected, thus conveying to the mind a false percep¬ 
tion. The inside of a teacup, for example, appears 
to be a solid convex body, and a small globe looks 
like a concave hemisphere, fpseu-do-scop'ic. — 
pseu-do-se'rous membrane, a membrane like the 
endothelium of the blood-vessels, presenting the 
moist, glistening surface of a serous membrane but 
different in structure.— pseu-dos'mi a, a faulty 
sense of smell.— pseu-do-sphinc'ter, a muscle re¬ 
sembling a sphincter.— pseu'do-spleen, an acces¬ 
sory spleen.— pseu‘dos-te-o-gen'e-sis, abnormal 
formation of bone, the growth itself being termed 
pseu-dos'te um. — pseu-dos'to-ma, pi. -stom'a-ta, a 
supposed opening on the surface of a serous 
membrane, considered to be the mouth of one of 
the lymphatic vessels; stigma, def. 3. fpseu- 
do-stom'a-tous, as P. canals, the processes of - 
branched cells extending from an endothelial 
layer to the free surface, their free ends fonning 
the pseudostomata.— pseu-dosstu'por, an hyster¬ 
ical state resembling stupor.— pseu-do-syph'i-lis 
= CHANCROID.— pseu-do-ta'bes, a complex of 
symptoms resembling tabes dorsalis. It may be 
due to alcoholism, arsenic poisoning and some¬ 
times diphtheria, pernicious anaemia, and diabe¬ 
tes. P. mesenter'ica, a functional disease simulat¬ 
ing tabes mesenterica, chiefly affecting hysterical 
young women. P. peripher'ica = neurotabes. 
tpseu-do-ta-bet'ic, as F. gait. — pseu-do-tet'a- 
nus, -tet'a-ny, a complex of symptoms sim- 


PSI ANGLE 786 PSORIASIS 


ulating tetanus but involving chiefly the masseter 
and dorsal muscles; Escherich’s symptom com¬ 
plex. P. bacillus, an organism resembling the 
bacillus of tetanus but having fewer flagella and 
not staining by Gram’s method: nonspatho- 
genic for guinea*pigs. A.M. ’02.] — pseu-do- 
ther'a-py, a false system of treatment of disease. 

— pseu-do-thy'roid, an accessory thyroid.— pseu- 
do-tox'in, a poisonous, yellow extract derived 
from belladonna leaves.— pseu*do-tra-cho'ma, a 
disease simulating trachoma. — pseu‘do-trich-i- 
no'sis, acute polymyositis not due to trichinosis. 

— pseu’do-tri-cho'sis, -trich-o-gen'e-sis, growth 
of hair in an abnormal place.— pseu*do-tu-ber- 
cu-lo'sis, a state resembling tuberculosis, charac¬ 
terized by the formation of tubercles (pseu’do- 
tu'ber-cles) in the body, but caused by some 
other infection than that of the tubercle bacillus. 
P. bacillus, an organism resembling the tubercle 
bacillus, especially in its resistance to decolora¬ 
tion by acids, but not pathogenic; acid*resistant 
bacillus. L. ’08.] P. hom'inis streptoth'rica, a 
form resembling caseous pneumonia and contain¬ 
ing many tubercleslike nodules in the peritone¬ 
um: due to a variety of streptothrix. O. ’06.] 

— pseu-do-tu'mor = PHANTOM tumor. — pseu-do- 

ty'phoid, a disease simulating typhoid fever. P. ba¬ 
cillus. ’06.] — pseu-do-vac'u-ole, small 

transparent pigment*bearing bodies found by 
Lavaran in malarial blood. [^[ G. ’07.] — pseu-do- 
ven'tri-cle, the soscalled “fifth ventricle” of the 
brain.— pseu-do-ver'mi-cule, a stage of develop¬ 
ment in plasmodia, as the motile forms, pro¬ 
duced in the malarial parasite from the fertilized 
macrogamete. [T| G. ’07.]— pseu-do'vum, any par- 
thenogenetic ovum.— pseu-do-xan'thine. i. A 
leucomaine, C4H5N5O, found in fresh muscular 
tissue. 2. A substance isomeric with xanthine 
produced by the action of sulphuric acid on 
uric acid. — pseu’do-xan-tho'ma, a rare disease 
of the skin in which the elastic tissue lies in 
numerous large coils around the skin follicles. 
It is marked by an eruption of slightly elevated 
yellowish plaques and has special tendency to 
occur on the lower abdomen, sides of the neck, 
etc. — pseu-dul'cus, a spurious ulcer. P. ventric'- 
uli, a sensory neurosis simulating gastric ulcer.— 
pseu-dy'drops, spurious dropsy. 

psi angle (sai). i. The angle formed by the radius 
fixus and a line joining the hormion and the 
opisthion. 2. The angle between the optic axis 
and the line of fixation. 

psilosis (sai- 16 'sis). i. Falling out of the hair. 2. 
A disease of the tropics (especially East India) 
marked by dysentery and a characteristic smooth, 
shining, lacslike appearance of the tongue; 
Indian sprew; aphthae tropicae. 3. Decrease of 
the size of the liver. [L., fr. ipiMg bare.] fpsi- 
lot'ic. 

psilothin (sai' 16 -thm). A proprietary depilatory of 
benzoin, 10% ; emplastrum plumbi*, 30% ; yellow 
wax, 10% ; rosin, 8% ; and elemi, 40%. 

psilothric (sai- 16 'thrtc). Depilatory, tpsi-lo'thrum. 

psisium (sis'i um). 0 -Guava. 

psittacosis (stt-a-c6'sts). An acute infectious dis¬ 
ease of birds, transmissible (most commonly by 
parrots) to man and due to the BaciVlus psittaco'- 
sis. It is typhoidal in character and marked espe¬ 
cially by bronchopneumonic symptoms. [< ipir- 
TUKdg parrot.] 

psoadic (so-ad'tc). Belonging to the loins, or to the 
psoas muscles. 


psoadotomia (s6-a-do-t6'mi a). A cutting into the 
psoas muscles. 

psoae (so'i). The loins: also applied to two pairs of 
muscles of the loins. [PI. of L. pso'a, fr. ipoa 
loinsmuscle.] 

psoas (s6'as). Of the loin or loins: applied to two 
muscles of each loin, the psoas magnus and psoas 
parvus. P. abscess, an abscess, most commonly 
due to tuberculous disease of a vertebra, in which 
the pus descends along the sheath of the psoas 
muscle and the head appears on the outer side of 
the spine of the pubis; lumbar absceSs. P. mag'- 
nus, “great [muscle] of the loins,” a muscle aris¬ 
ing from the last dorsal and the four superior 
lumbar vertebrae, and inserted into the lesser 
trochanter of the femur; M. psoas major*. It 
moves the thigh forward. P. par'vus, “ small 
[muscle] of the loins,” a muscle arising from the 
last dorsal vertebra and inserted into the brim of 
the pelvis; M. psoas minor*: often wanting. It 
aids in bending the spine upon the pelvis. P. 
quar'tus = OBTURATOR iNTERNUs. [< ipou loin* 
muscle.] tpso-at'ic. 

psodymus (sod't-mus). A monster with the pelvic 
and abdominal cavities joined, 
psoitis (so-ai't/s). Inflammation of the sheath of 
the psoas muscle, usually causing suppuration, 
psoloncus (so-long'cus). Swelling of the prepuce 
and glans penis, due to paraphimosis. [< 
the exposed glans penis-foy/fof tumor.] 
psomophagy (so-mof'a-jt). The biting and swal¬ 
lowing of food, as in carnivorous animals. ^ 
PoLTOPHAGY. [< morsel -i- <pdyeiv to eat.] 

tpso-moph'a-gy. 

pso-phom'e-ter. An instrument for auscultating 
the ear. 

psora (so'ra). = Scabies. [Gt. i{’d)pa.] fpso'rous. 
Psoralea (so-re'lia). A genus of leguminous plants. 
P. glandulo'sa, a small shrub of Chili, a vermifuge 
and stomachic. Its leaves are used as a substi¬ 
tute for tea, and the infusion of its root is emetic 
and purgative. P. melilotoi'des is said to be a 
stimulant tonic. [< xpupaTiiog scurfy.] 
psoralin (sor'a-ltn). = Caffeine. 
psorelcoma (so-rd-c6'ma). A scabious ulcer. [< 
^tjpa itch+e'AK(op.a ulcer.] 

psorelcosis (so-rd-c6'sfs). The progress of psorel¬ 
coma; scabious ulceration, 
psorelytria (s6r-e-lt'tri a). The granular state of the 
vaginal mucous membrane in blennorrhagia. 
psorenteria (so-rcn-ti'ri a). A lesion of the intesti¬ 
nal mucous membrane, marked by numerous 
pointed elevations, corresponding with the closed 
follicles, as in typhoid fever, 
psorenteritis (so-r^n-te-rai'tts). A term for the con¬ 
dition of the intestines in Asiatic cholera, 
psoriasis (so-rai'a-sfs). i. A cutaneous disease, 
characterized by a rough, scaly cuticle, contin¬ 
uous, or in separate, irregular patches, generally 
with fissures of the skin and occurring especially 
on the extensor surfaces of the body; scaly tet¬ 
ter; serpedo. P. annula'ris or circina'ta, “cir¬ 
cular psoriasis,” psoriasis which is healed in the 
centre, but extends in a circular form at the 
edges. P. bucca'lis = LEUCOPLACiA buccalis. P. 
diffu'sa, a variety of psoriasis attacking persons 
pursuing different trades, and variously de¬ 
nominated bakers’ itch, bricklayers’ itch, grocers’ 
itch, etc. P. discoi'dea = P. nummularis. P. 
gutta'ta, small, distinct, but irregular patches of 
laminated scales, with little or no inflammation 
round them, rarely exceeding half an inch in di- 


PSORIC 


787 


PSYCH- 


ameter, having neither the raised edges nor the 
oval or circular form of the other varieties. P. 
gyra'ta, a species of psoriasis distributed in nar¬ 
row patches or stripes, variously figured or 
gyrated. P. infantilis, “infantile psoriasis,” the 
dry tetter affecting infants between two months 
and two years of age: irregular, scaly patches of 
various size, on the cheeks, breast, back, nates, 
and thighs. P. invetera'ta, a species of psoriasis 
characterized by an almost universal scaliness, 
with a harsh, dry, and thickened state of the 
skin. P. lin'guae = leucoplacia. P. lo'tricum 
= washerwomen’s itch. P.slupus, a variety of 
lupus closely resembling psoriasis. P. nummula'- 
ris, psoriasis patches which resemble small coins. 
P. or'is = LEUCOPLACIA. P. palma'ris or planta'- 
ris, psoriasis attacking the palms of the hands or 
the soles of the feet: characteristic of syphilis. 
P. puncta'ta, an early stage of psoriasis in which 
the eruption spots are about the size of a pin* 
head. P. syphilitica, a squamous syphilide re¬ 
sembling psoriasis. P. un'guium, a form of 
ONYCHIA SYPHILITICA. P. universalis. i. Psori¬ 
asis in which the lesions are spread over the whole 
body. 2. The lepra of the Greeks: formerly used 
in this sense by the English, French, and German 
writers. [< Tpupa itch.] pso-ri-aslc. pso-ri-as'- 
i-form. pso-ri-atlc. 

psoric (so'rtc). Relating to psora or itch. 

psorin (so'rm), pso-ri'num. A homoeopathic prepa¬ 
ration of the pus of itch, used as a remedy. 

psoro- (so'ro-). Denoting psora or itch; mangy: a 
combining form. [< ij>(l)f)a itch.] pso-ro-co'- 
mi um, a hospital for cases of itch.— pso'roid, re¬ 
sembling itch.— pso-roph-thal'mi a, inflammation 
of the eye attended with itchy ulcerations, pso- 
roph-thal'mic. — pso-ro-sper'mi a, pi. -sper'micB, 
pso-ro-sperm, one of the oval, transparent, vas¬ 
cular bodies found parasitic in many fishes and 
other animals and said to occur in various dis¬ 
eases, as Paget’s disease of the nipple, cancer, etc. 
^Coccidium; Gregarina; Rainey’s corpus¬ 
cles. P. ovifor'me = Coccidium. fpso-ro-sper'- 
mic.— pso-ro-sper-mi'a-sis, a state characterized 
by the presence of psorospermiae.— pso-ro-sper-- 
mo'sis, a diseased state produced by psorosper¬ 
miae. P. follicula'ris culis or ve'getans=DARiER’s 
DISEASE. — pso'rous, affected with psora. 

psych-, psycho- (saic-, sai'co). Denoting relation 
to the mind: a combining form, [< rpvxv soul.] 
psy-cha-goglc. i. Restoring to consciousness. 
2. A remedy for syncope. — psy-chal'gi a, a feel¬ 
ing of pain often attending mental action in cases 
of melancholia.— psy-chali a, a morbid mental 
state, marked by hallucinations of sight and 
sound.— psy-chas-the'ni a, a group name for the 
various neurasthenias; brain weakness, tpsy- 
chas-thenlc. — psy'che, the brain and spinal cord, 
taken together.— psy'che ism=HYPNOTisM. — psy- 
chi-at'ria, psy-chi'a-try, the science and treat¬ 
ment of the disorders of the mind, fpsy-chi'a- 
ter, one who treats disorders of the mind, psy- 
chi-at'ric. psy-chi'a-trist, one who makes a 
specialty of mental diseases.— psy'chi-cal, psy'- 
chic, belonging to intellect, as P. aura, peculiar 
phenomena of the mind, such as fear and dreamy 
sensations, preceding an attack of epilepsy: P. 
blindness, a loss of the consciousness of visual 
sensation, in which the patient sees an object but 
does not recognize it: P. cells, the nerve*cells of 
the cerebral cortex: P. centre, a supposed brain* 
centre presiding over p.sychical processes: P . con¬ 


tagion or infection, the transfer of a nervous or 
mental disease or condition, as by force of imita¬ 
tion; nervous contagion: P. deafness — 
deafness: P. disease = mental disease: P. epi¬ 
lepsy— masked epilepsy: P. = intellect¬ 
ual life: P. medicine = P. therapeutics: P. 
remedies, the employment of the mental affections 
to promote the healthy functions of the body or 
to modify the progress of disease: P. stigmata, 
mental states marked by susceptibility to sug¬ 
gestions: P. therapeutics, the systematic use of 
personal influence, especially that of the physician, 
in the treatment of nervous diseases: and P. 
vomiting, vomiting induced by some emotion, as 
fear, shock, etc.— psy'chism, the doctrine that all 
living beings are animated by a certain fluid 
which pervades all nature.— psy'cho-, psych-. 
— psychosal-ga'li a = algopsychalia. — psy- 
chosa-nal'y-sis, the investigation of the motives 
(past experiences, judgments, and actions) which 
have led to the formation of a judgment with its 
resiiltant action or inaction. fpsy-cho-an-a- 
lyt'ic.— psy-chosau'di-tor-y area, the area of the 
cerebral cortex concerned in the perception of 
sound.— psycho-chrom-aes-the'si a, the subjec¬ 
tive sensation of certain colors at definite pitches 
of sound.— psy-cho-co'ma, a state of mental 
stupor.— psy-cho-cor'ti-cal centres, centres of 
the cerebral cortex concerned in operations of 
the mind.— psy-cho-dom'e-ter, an instrument for 
measuring the duration of mental operations and 
processes.— psycho-dy-nam'ics, the science of 
the laws of mental operations.— psy-cho-gen'e- 
sis, the origin and development of the soul.— 
psy-cho-geu'sic, relating to the perception of 
taste.— psy'cho-graph, an apparatus for measur¬ 
ing the unconscious movements such as those of 
the hand.— psycho-ki-ne'si a, violent or explo¬ 
sive mental action resulting from defective inhi¬ 
bition.— psy-chol'o-gy, the science of the mind or 
consciousness; mental science. Special divisions 
are Abnormal, Comparative, Criminal, and Ex¬ 
perimental psychology.— psy-chom'e-try, meas¬ 
urement of the duration of and the energy expen¬ 
ded in any mental operation, j-psy-chom'e-ter, 
an instrument for performing psychometry.— 
psy-cho-mo'tor, relating to such mental action as 
induces muscular contraction, as P. area, the 
motor area of the brain, lying chiefly at the sides 
of the central fissure: P. centres, the areas of the 
brain immediately concerned in muscular action: 
P. nerve^fibres, nerve*fibres from the psychomotor 
centres to the points of origin of the motor 
nerves: P. region; the cortex of the cerebrum. — 
psycho-neu-rol'o-gy, the branch of neurology 
which treats of mental action.— psycho-neu-ro'- 
sis, mental disease without organic lesion.'— psy- 
chon'o-my = psychodynamics. — psy'cho-nose, 
an affection caused by moral or mental agents.— 
psycho-no-se'ma, mental disease. — psycho-no- 
sol'o-gy, the science of mental diseases. — psy- 
chosop'tic area, the area of the cerebral cortex con¬ 
cerned in the perception of retinal impulses : prob¬ 
ably located in the cuneus. — psy-cho-par'e-sis, 
mental weakness.— psy-cho-pa'thi a = psychop¬ 
athy. P. sexua'lis, psychopathy in which there 
is sexual perversion. — psycho-pa-thol'o-gy, the 
pathology of mental diseases. — psy-chop'a-thy. 
I. Mental affection or disease. 2. The treat¬ 
ment of disease by mental influence; mind*cure. 
tpsy'cho-path, a human degenerate, psy-cho- 
path'ic. psy-chop'a-thist,— psy-cho-phys'ics, th^ 


PSYCHRO- 


788 


PTERYGOIDEUS 


science of the connection or relation between 
stimuli and the sensations which they cause; ex¬ 
perimental psychology, tpsy-cho-phys'ic, -phys'- 
i-cal, as P. /aw = Fechner’s law: and P. time, 
the time taken up by an operation of the mind, 
especially in starting a voluntary movement.— 
psy*cho-phys-i-ol'o-gy, mental physiology.— psy- 
cho-ple'gic, a drug or medicine which decreases 
mental excitation or depresses mental receptiv¬ 
ity.— psychosre-ac'tion of Much, ^ Much. — 
psy-chor-rha'gi a, the agony of death.— psycho- 
sen-so'ri al, similar to an actual sensation, but 
not produced by any external stimulation of the 
senses.— psy-cho-sen'so-ry area, any area of the 
cortex of the brain concerned in the perception 
of sensory stimuli.— psy-cho-sex'u al, both sexual 
and mental, as P. centre, a theoretical brain=» 
centre controlling conscious sexual desires.— psy- 
cho'sin, a derivative of brain^tissue.— psy-cho'- 
sis, pi. -ses, any psychical or mental process; in 
medicine, a mental disorder; phrenopathy; psy¬ 
chopathy. fs~ Insanity. P. polyneurit'ica = 
Korsakoff’s psychosis. — psy-cho-ther'a-py, 
psycho-ther-a-peu'tics. i. The art of medically 
treating mental disease. 2. The treatment of 
disease by influences brought to bear on the 
mental life. Autosuggestion ; Christian 
science; mental healing; suggestionsther- 
apy; worcesterism. fpsy'cho-ther-a-peu'tic. 
psy-cho-vis'u al, relating to subjective vision or 
to such as is unaccompanied by objective retinal 
stimulation.— ^psy-cho-vi'tal, pertaining to both 
the mind and life, 
psychro- (sai'cro-). Denoting cold: 
a combining form. [< 
cold.] psychro=aes-the'si a, a 
subjective feeling of cold in a 
part really at a normal temper¬ 
ature: when very severe or pain¬ 
ful, known as psy-chrosal'gi a. — 
psy-chrom'e-ter, an instrument 
for measuring the amount of the 
aqueous vapor contained in the 
atmosphere. fpsy-chroin'e-try. 

— psy-chro-phil'ic, liking cold, 
as P. bacteria, bacterium. 
i^Mesophilic; thermophilic. 

— psy-chro-pho'bi a, morbid 
dread of cold or a cold thing, 
especially cold water.— psy'chro- 
phore, a surgical instrument by 
which cold is applied to the ure¬ 
thra by means of a current of 
cold water passed through the 
instrument.— psy-chro-ther'a- 
py» treatment of disease by the 
application of cold. 

psychtic (stc'ttc). i. Cooling; re¬ 
ducing temperature. 2. A cooling remedy, 
psydracium (sai-dre'si um), pi. -cia. A minute 
species of pustule, causing a slight elevation of 
the cuticle and terminating in a laminated scab. 
[ Dim. of ipvdpa^ small blister.] fpsy-dra'ci ous. 
pt. I. Abbr. for pint. 2. Symbol for platinum. 
ptarmic (t^r'm^c). Causing to sneeze; sternutatory. 
[ < TTvalpeiv to sneeze.] tptar'mi-ca, substances 
that promote sneezing, ptarmus (tar'mus), an 
attack of convulsive sneezing, 
ptelein (ti'li/n). An alcoholic extract from the 
rootsbark of Pte'lea trifolia'ta, a rutaceous tree, 
pteleorrhine (telT-o-n'n). Having the nares curved 
like an elm leaf: said of skulls. 



ptenium (ti'ni um). = Osmium. 

-ptera. A suffix denoting wings, as in Dip'terdP 
two*winged insects. 

pterion (ti'rian). In craniometry, the junction of 
the sphenoid, frontal, temporal, and parietal 
bones. [< rrTepov wing.] tpt®r'ic. 

Pterocar'pus. i^S.^ntal; Santalum rubrum*. 
pterotic centre (ti-ratTc). An ossification centre 
from which are developed the tegmen tympani 
and the covering of the semicircular canals. [< 
TTTepov wing oiV ear.] 

pterygium (te-r/j'i um). A flat, triangular excres¬ 
cence at the internal canthus of the eye, expand¬ 
ing on the sclerotic and the cornea toward the 
pupil. Pannus. P. carno'sum, a pterygium 
m which there is a vascular fleshy excrescence; 
sarcopterygium. [< rrTepv^ wing.] fpte-ryg'i al. 
pterygo- (t£'r'/-go-). Resembling a wing; a combin 
ing form. [< Trrfpvf wing.] 
pterygoid, pterygoidean (ter'/-goid, t^r-«-goi'di an). 
I. Resembling a wing. 2. Relating to the ptery¬ 
goid process. P. arteries, branches of the inter¬ 
nal maxillary artery to the pterygoid muscles. 
P. bone, the internal pterygoid plate of the sphe¬ 
noid. P. canal = VIDIAN canal. P. chest, a de¬ 
formed chest in which, owing to abnormal obli¬ 
quity of the ribs, the thorax is elongated verti¬ 
cally, the shoulders droop, and the angles of the 
scapulae project from the trunk like wings; alar 
chest. P. fissure, the space between the lower 
ends of the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid; fis- 
sura pterygoidea*. P. fossa, i. The fossa between 
the two pterygoid plates of the sphenoid, from 
which the internal pterygoid muscle arises; fossa 
pterygoidea*. 2. The condyloid fossa of the lower 
jaw. P. hamulus = HAMULAR process, def. 3. 
P..lobe, a process of the parotid gland passing 
forward beneath the ramus of the mandible be¬ 
tween the two pterygoid muscles. P. muscles, 
PTERYGOIDEUS. P. nerves, branches of the infe¬ 
rior maxillary nerve to the pterygoid muscles. 
P. notch, the notch which separates the two ptery¬ 
goid processes. P. plaques, sores seen on the hard 
palate of children affected with Bednar’s aphthae. 
P. plates, the two thin plates of bone forming the 
pterygoid processes, and distinguished as external 
and internal. P. plexus, a venous plexus in the 
sphenomaxillary fossa between the pterygoid 
muscles, plexus pterygoideus*. P. process. i. 
Either of two processes descending from the point 
of junction of the greater wings with the body of 
the sphenoid bone; processus pterygoideus*. 2. A 
process from the posterior edge of the palate 
bone, articulating with the sphenoid. P. ridge, 
the infratemporal crest. P. tubercle, a tubercle 
on the inner surface of the inferior maxillary 
bone, to which the internal pterygoid muscle is 
attached. [< irrepy^ wingd-e/dof form.] 
pter-y-goi'de us. Connected with the pterygoid 
process. P. exter'nus, a muscle arising from the 
great wing of the sphenoid and the outer surface 
of the external pterygoid process and inserted 
into the neck of the lower jaw; M. pterygoideus 
externus*. P. inter'nus, a muscle arising from the 
pterygoid fossa of the sphenoid bone and inserted 
into the inside of the ramus of the lower jaw; M. 
pterygoideus internus*. The preceding muscles 
move the jaw from side to side, and perform the 
action of grinding with the teeth when they act 
alternately; when they act together, they pull the 
jaw forward. The internal pterygoid muscles 
elevate the jaw. P. pro'prius, an occasional 




PTERYGOMA 


789 


PTYSMAGOGUE 


muscle arising from the crest on the great wing 
of the sphenoid and inserted into the posterior 
border of the external pterygoid plate, 
pter-y-go'ma. A swelling of the vulva or labia. [■< 
Tvrepvyufia anything that hangs like a wing.] 
pter*y-go-max'il-la-ry. Relating to the pterygoid 
process and the superior maxillary bone. P. fis¬ 
sure, a vertical fissure between the pterygoid 
process and the superior maxillary bone, trans¬ 
mitting the internal maxillary artery. P. fold, 
the fold in the mouth, behind the last molar 
tooth, formed by the pterygomaxillary ligament. 
P. ligament, a fibrous band separating the buc¬ 
cinator and superior constrictor muscles, which 
extends between the inferior maxilla and the tip 
of the internal pterygoid plate, 
pter'y-go-pal'a-tine. Pertaining to the pterygoid 
process and the palate bone. P. artery, the 
superior pharyngeal artery. P. canal, the canal 
formed by the upper border of the sphenoidal 
process of the palate bone; canalis pharyn- 
geus*] applied to a groove beneath the vaginal 
process of the sphenoid bone. P. fissure = 
PTERYGOID FISSURE. P. foramen, the posterior 
PALATINE FORAMEN. P. foSSa = SPHENOMAXIL¬ 
LARY FOSSA. P. ganglion = Meckel’S ganglion 
P. groove, a shallow furrow running downward 
along the anterior surface of the pterygoid proc¬ 
ess of the sphenoid; also a similar furrow on 
the inner surface of the superior maxillary bone. 
These unite to form the pterygopalatine canal. 
P. muscle, a detached portion of the levator pal- 
ati extending from the hamular process to the 
palate. P. nerve, a small nerve from Meckel’s 
ganglion, passing through the pterygopalatine 
canal to the upper part of the pharynx. P. notch 

= PTERYGOID FISSURE. 

ptery-go-pha-ryn'ge US. The constrictor superior 
muscle of the pharynx, because it arises partly 
from the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone; 
M. pterygopharyngeus*. P. exter'nus, an occa¬ 
sional muscle arising from the hamulai* process 
and inserted into the wall of the pharynx. 
pter*y-go-spi'nous ligament. A ligament of the 
sphenoid bone attached to the spine of the 
sphenoid and the external pterygoid plate; liga- 
menium pterygospinosum*. P. muscle, an occa¬ 
sional muscle arising from the alar spine of the 
sphenoid and inserted into the posterior margin 
of the external pterygoid plate. P. process or 
spine, a small projection on the outer margin of 
the external pterygoid plate, serving for attach¬ 
ment of the pterygospinous ligament; Civini’s 
spine; processus pterygospinosus [Civini]*. 
pter’y-go-staph-y-li'nus. A muscle arising from the 
internal pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone 
and inserted into the velum palati. 
ptilosis (tai- 16 'sis). Falling out of the eyelashes; 
madarosis, [Gr.] 

ptisan (tfz'an). A drink made of farinaceous sub¬ 
stances boiled in water and sweetened. [< L. 
ptis^ana, fr. Tiriaaeiv to bruise.] 
ptomainaemia (t6 ma-fn-i'mi-a). The presence of 
ptomaines in the blood. 

ptomaine (to'ma-m) A peculiar, basic substance 
(resembling an alkaloid) produced during the proc¬ 
ess of putrefaction of dead animal or vegetable 
tissues or fluids and a product of bacterial metab¬ 
olism; a putrefactive alkaloid. ^Leucomaine; 
toxalbumin; toxin. Among the ptomaines at 
present known are Amidovalerianic acid, amy- 
LAMINE, ASELLINE, BeTAINE, BuTYLAMINE, Ca- 


daverine, Caproylamine (= hexylamine). Cho¬ 
line, Collidine, Diethylamine, Dihydrocolli- 
dine, Dihydrocoridine, Dihydrolutidine, Di- 

METHYLAMINE, EtHYLAMINE, EtH YLIDENEDIA M- 
INE, Gadinine, Hexylamine, Hydrocollidine, 
Hydrocoridine, Methylamine, Methylguani- 
dine, Morrhuic acid, Morrhuine, Muscarine, 
Mydaleine, Mydatoxine, Mydine, Mytilotox- 
iNE, Neuridine, Neurine, Parvoline, Pepto- 
ToxiNE, Phlogosine, Propylamine, Ptomatro- 
PINE, PUTRESCINE, PyOCYANINE, SaPRINE, SpAS- 
motoxine. Spermine, Susotoxine, Tetanine, 
Tetanotoxine, Triethylamine, Trimethylam- 
ine, Trimethylenediamine, Typhotoxine, Ty- 
ROTOXICON, and the unnamed bases having the 
composition C^HjoNjO^, CpH,3N02, C7H,(,N2, 

C,H„NO,, C,H.,N, 0 .. C,.H„N. 

C,„H2oN 20, Cj^HggN^, C32H31N, [< TTTcjjuLa that 

which has fallen, fr. TriTrreiv to fall; hence, any 
dead body; a carcase.] tpto'Dia-in-ic. 
pto'ma-tin. = Ptomaine. 

pto*ma-ti-nu'ri a. The presence of urinary pto¬ 
maines. 

pto-ma-top'sia. =Necropsia. [< n-rw/za corpse-f 
oxfu^ vision.] 

pto-mat'ro-pine, pto’ma-tosat'ro-pine. A ptomaine 
resembling atropine in its physiological properties. 
It has been found in putrid sausages and salt fish. 
Poisoning with it is known as pto-mat'ro-pism. 
ptosis (to'sts). A falling or prolapsus, especially 
drooping of the upper eyelid due to paralysis of 
the levator palpebrie superioris muscle; blepha- 
roptosis. It may be either a congenital or an ac¬ 
quired defect. Abdominal p. = Enteroptosis. 
P. adipo'sa or False p., apparent ptosis, caused 
by a fold of skin hanging below the border of the 
lid; pseudoptosis. P. ir'idis, prolapsus of the iris 
through a lesion or a wound of the cornea. P. 
lipomato'sis, ptosis due to lipoma of the eyelid. 
P. pal'pebrae, “ falling of the eyelid,” inability to 
raise the upper ej'^elid. P. sympathet'ica, a rare 
form combined with mysis and vascular paralysis 
unihiteially and independent of any lesion of the 
oculomotor nerve. [ < Trrwcrzf a falling.] fpto'tic. 
ptyalagogue (tai-al'a-gag). = Ptyalogogue. 
ptyalin, ptyaline (tai'a-h’n). A constituent principle 
peculiar to saliva, and on which its faint sickly 
odor depends. It is an enzyme having amylolytic 
or diastatic properties, i. e., the power to convert 
starch into maltose with the formation of many 
intermediary products, as erythrodextrin and 
achroodextrin. [ < mvakov saliva.] 
pty-a-lin'o-gen. A theoretical zymogen which pre¬ 
cedes the formation of ptyalin. 
pty'a-lism, pty-a-lis'mus. Increased and involun¬ 
tary flow of saliva, sialorrhoea; salivation. [< 
7 CTvaXtC,f:LV to spit abundantly.] 
pty'a-lith. = Salivary calculus. 
pty'a-lize. To salivate. 

ptyalo- (tai'a-lo-). Denoting saliva or salivation; 
SIALO-: a combining form. [< TrrvaTiov saliva.] 
pty-al'o-cele, a cyst due to obstruction or rupture 
of a salivary duct. Sublingual p. = ranula. — 
ptya-losec-ta'si a, ptyalocele due to enlargement 
of Wharton’s canal.— pty-al'o-gogue. i. Pro¬ 

moting salivation. 2. A medicine which causes 
or increases the flow of saliva ; sialogogue. tpty’" 
a-lo-gog'ic.— pty-a-loph'thi-sis, tabes salivalis, or 
wasting from excessive salivation, 
pty'a-lum. = Saliva. [< Trrm/lov spittle.] 
ptys'ma-gogue. A medicine that increases the flow 
of saliva. [ < nrvafia saliva -f ayeiv to fetch.] 


PUBENS 


790 


PUERILE 


pu'bens, pu'ber. At the age of puberty. [L.] 
pu-be-ot'o-my. =Pubiotomy. 
pu-ber'tas. = Puberty. P. prae'cox, early puberty, 
pu-ber'ty, pu-bes'cence. The age at which the gen¬ 
erative organs become functionally active. It 
occurs earlier in the female (12 to 15 years of 
age) than in the male (14 to 17 years), and in 
warm climates than in cold, Menstruation ; 
NUBILITY. [< L. puber'tas maturity.] fpu'ber- 
al; pu'ber-ic. pu-bes'cent, as P. uterus, one which 
retains in the adult the character of the uterus of 
a child; infantile uterus. 

pu'bes, gen. -bis. i. The external part of the gen¬ 
erative region: more or less covered with hair 
after puberty. 2. The pubic hairs. 3. An in¬ 
correct spelling of PUBIS. [L.] pu'bic (pu'bi an), 
as P. angle, the angle formed by the pubic crest 
and the inner edge of the pubis: P. arch, the arch 
at the low’er anterior part of the pelvis formed by 
the conjoined rami of the pubic bones and ischia; 
arcus pubis*: P. artery, a branch of the epigastric 
artery, anastomosing with a small branch from 
the obturator artery, around the internal abdom¬ 
inal ring: P. amcw/a/fow = SYMPHYSIS pubis: P. 
bone = os pubis*: P. crest, the obtuse ridge 
formed by the everted upper border of the os 
pubis: P. dislocatiQn, dislocation of the femur 
upon the pubis: P. eminence ^mons pubis*: P. 
hairs = pubes, def. 2: P. ligament, a portion of 
the falciform process of the fascia lata attached 
to the pubis: P. ligaments, an anterior, posterior, 
inferior, and superior, extending over the sym¬ 
physis pubis between the corresponding surfaces 
of the pubic bones; P. portion of the fascia lata, 
that deep layer of the fascia lata internal to the 
saphenous opening: P. ramus, a superior ramus 
extending from the body of the os pubis to the 
ileum, and an inferior joining the ischium; ramus 
pubicus*: P. section = symphyseotomy: P. spine, 
the outer, prominent end of the pubic crest, 
giving attachment to Poupart’s ligament, tuber- 
culum pubicum*: P. symphysis— symphysis pu¬ 
bis: P. tubercle = P. spine: and P. vein, an anas¬ 
tomotic branch of the obturator vein to the ex¬ 
ternal iliac. 

pu-be-trot'o-my. Symphyseotomy made through 
the pubes. 

pu'bi o-fem-o-ra'lis. The adductor longus. 
pu-bi-ot'o-my, pu-be-ot'o-my, pi. -mies. An opera¬ 
tion for separating the symphysis pubis ; ex¬ 
tramedian symphyseotomy: done usually in 
order to facilitate parturition in a narrow pelvis 
by sawing through the os pelvis along the sym¬ 
physis. i^Hebotomy. 

pu-bi osum-bil-i-ca'lis. The pyramidalis muscle, 
pu'bis. That portion of the innominate bone 
forming the front of the pelvis; pubic bone; os 
pectinis: os pubis*: also (incorrectly) pubes. [L.] 
pub'lic health. The hygiene of civil life. P. safety, 
exemption from harm, as applied to a nation, 
state, or community at large, 
pu'bo-. Pertaining to, or concerning, the pubis: a 
combining form. [< L. pu'bis.^ pu*bo-coc-cyg'- 
e al, as P. raphe, a tendinous seam on the mid¬ 
dle line, formed by the union of the levatores 
ani of Either side. — pu*bo-coc-cy-ge'us, the ante¬ 
rior part of the levator ani muscle which passes 
from the pubis to the coccyx. — pu’bo-fem'o- 
ral, as P. ligament, the condensed portion of 
the capsular ligament of the hip=joint which 
arises from the margin of the obturator foramen, 
the pectineal eminence, and the superior ramus 


of the pubis.— pu’bosil'i ac, relating to the pubis 
and the ilium, as P. suture. — pu*bosis-chi-at'ic, 
as P. bone, the combined pubis and ischium; 
pu'bosis'chi um. — pu*bo-per-i-ne-a'lis, an occa¬ 
sional muscular slip extending from the pubis to 
the deep perineal fascia.— pu'bo-pros-tat'ic, as P. 
ligaments, the anterior ligaments of the bladder, 
extending from the os pubis to the front of the 
neck of the bladder over the prostate gland.— 
pu’bo-rec-ta'lis, the anterior fibres of the levator 
ani muscle which find insertion into the coats of 
the rectum.— pu’bo-trans-ver-sa'lis, an occasional 
muscular slip extending between the superior 
pubic ramus and the transversalis fascia.— pu'bos 
u-re'thral, as P. muscle, muscular fibres extend¬ 
ing from the back of the pubis to the prostate 
gland, or, in the female, to the base of the blad¬ 
der, and P. triangle, the space bounded by the 
ischiocavemosus, transversus perinaei, and bulbo- 
cavernosus muscles. — pu*bo-ves'i-cal, as P. liga' 
ment, middle, a fibrous band filling in the space 
between the inferior pubic ligament and the 
crura of the clitoris, and P. muscles, muscular 
fibres passing from the posterior surface of the o*s 
pubis longitudinally around the bladder, 
pue'eine. An alkaloid, and puc-cin'ic acid, an acid, 
found in Sanguinaria canadensis. 
puccoon or hoary puccoon (pu-cun'). A popular 
name of Lithosper'mum canes'cens. Yellow p., a 
popular name of Hydras'tis canaden'sis. 
pu-den-dag'ra. Pain in the pudendum. 
pu-den'dum, pi. -da. The external genital organs 
of either sex considered as a whole, especially 
those of the female {P. muliebre*). t®* Hemato¬ 
cele. [< L. pude're to have shame or modesty.] 
tpu-den'dal, pu'dic, or pu'di-cal, as P. apron, 
hypertrophy of the nymphae or labia minora, 
forming an apronslike flap hanging down before 
the vulva; velamen vulvas; Hottentot apron: P. 
arteries, the arteries supplying the genitals and 
the adjacent parts, they being the internal, a 
branch of the internal iliac; the two external, 
branches of the femoral arteries; and the acces¬ 
sory, an occasional unusually large prostatic 
branch, derived from the inferior vesical artery: 
P. hernia, inguinal hernia in the female, descend¬ 
ing into the lower part of the labium majus: P. 
nerve, a nervestrunk from the lowest part of the 
sacral plexus, distributed to the perineum and 
the genital organs: P. nerve, inferior, a branch 
of the small sciatic nerve supplying the skin of 
the upper and inner part of the thigh and peri¬ 
neum, and the outer part of the scrotum, or the 
labium externum of the female: P. plexus. 1. 
The lower part of the sacral nerve plexus, made 
up of a part of the anterior branches of the third, 
fourth, and fifth sacral nerves. 2. A venous 
plexus lying behind the pubis and surrounding 
the urethra and the neck of the bladder: P. sac 
= Broca’s pouch: and P. vein, internal, a 
branch of the internal iliac vein which returns 
the blood from the perineum, scrotum, and anus, 
pu-den'do-hem-or-rhoi'dal nerve. =Pudic nerve. 
pu'er-i-cul-ture. The art of raising or educating 
children. [< L. pu'er child-f cw/fw'ra cultivation.] 
pu'e-rile. Pertaining to childhood, as P. breathing 
or respiration, the respiratory murmur character¬ 
istic of a healthy child: when heard in adults, it 
may indicate catarrhal changes at the infundibula 
or contraction in the pulmonary apices. [< L. 
pueri'lis, fr. pu'er child.] tpu^*"ri-lism ; pu-e- 
ril'i-ty, dementia of the aged. 


PUERPERA 


791 


PULMO- 


pu-er'pe-ra. A woman in childbed, or one who has 
been lately delivered. [L., fr. pu'er child + par'- 
ere to bring forth.] fpu-er'pe-ral, belonging to, 
or consequent on, childbearing, as P. colpitis, 
vaginitis of puerperal women: P. convulsions or 
eclampsia, iS- eclampsia; P. erysipelas, traumatic 
erysipelas spreading usually from wounds of 
the genitalia; P. fever, a severe febrile disease, 
which occurred more frequently before the days 
of antisepsis than now, and marked by severe, 
septic infection taking place one or two days after 
delivery; metria; puerperal septicaemia or saprae- 
mia; P. insanity or mania, insanity occurring in 
the mother toward the end of pregnancy, or 
within 16 days of delivery: P. paralysis, paralysis 
of the mother consequent on labor: P. peptonu¬ 
ria, (^peptonuria: P. peritonitis, ^peritoni¬ 
tis: P. phlebitis, (^phlebitis: P. rheumatism, 
^rheumatism: P. septiccemia = P. fever: P. 
state, the condition of a woman in and immedi¬ 
ately after childbirth; P. (^ synovitis: 

andP. /e/anM5, tetanus resulting from parturition, 
pu-er'pe-ra-lism, pu-er'pe-rism. The diseases inci¬ 
dent to the puerperal state, 
pu-er'pe-rant. A puerperal woman, 
pu-er-pe'ri um. The state or period of confinement, 
pu-er’pe-ro-py'ra. = Puerperal fever. [< L. 

pu'er child-\-par'ere to bring forth -f rrvp fever.] 
pu-er'pe-ry. The state of a woman in confinement: 

the puerperal state, tpu-er'pe-rous. 
puff'shall. A name of several species of Lycoper- 
DON and other parasitic fungi, 
puf'fi-ness. Infiltration and swelling of a part un¬ 
attended with redness: oedematous state, 
pu-gil'lus. A little handful: a pinch made by grasp¬ 
ing the substance between the thumb and first 
two fingers is held to be about the eighth part 
of an ordinary handful. [L. dim. of pug'nus fist.] 
pug'teeth. The canine teeth. 

puke. I. To vomit. 2. Vomit; that which is 
vomited. 3. An emetic, fpu'king, as P. fever 

= MILKsFEVER. 

Pule'gium. i. The genus Mentha. 2. = Mentha 
PULEGIUM, which contains pu'le-gone. 

Pu'lex. The species of insects known as the flea; 
Sarcopsyl'la. P. che'opis {Rothschild), the com¬ 
mon rat flea of India, Australian ports, and 
Manila, which when infected may transmit 
PLAGUE. P. ir'ritans, the flea parasitic upon the 
skin of man, in which 
a single impregnation 
suffices for at least 
six or seven genera¬ 
tions: called at times 
in England the jigger 
flea or chigoe. Ac¬ 
cording to Howard, it 
is the common cat 
and dog flea, former¬ 
ly known as P. ser- 
rat'iceps, but prefer¬ 
ably called Cteno- 
ceph'alus ca'nis, that 
infests man in the 
United States. P. pen'etrans, the sand flea; jigger 
flea; or chigoe; chigre: common in the West 
Indies. It pierces the epidermis and deposits 
between it and the cutis vera numerous eggs, 
after which the insect dies and the eggs, scaling 
off with the epidermis, develop in the sand, 
tpu-li-ca'ris, as P. mor'bus, typhus fever, so called 
on account of the eruption resembling flea bites. 


pul'ley. = Trochlea, as P of the phalanx — 
TROCHLEA PHALANGIS*. 

pul-lu-la'tion. Budding; gemmation. 

pul-men'tum. Gruel. [L.] 

pul'mo*. Lung. P. dex'ter, right lung. P. sinis'- 
ter, left lung. [L.] 

pul'mo-, pul'mon-. Relating to, or connected with 
the lungs; pulmonary: combining forms, cs- 
Pneumo-. [< L. pul'mo, gen. pulmo'nis lung.] 
pubmosa-or'tic, as P. cawa/= ductus arteri¬ 
osus. — pul-mo-car'di ac, that region of the chest 
in which the heart is covered by the lungs. 
— pul'mo-form = methylenediguaiacol. — 
pul-mo-gas'tric, as P. region, that region of the 
chest in which the lungs overlie the stomach.— 
pubmo-he-pat'ic, as P. region, that region of the 
thorax in which the lungs cover the liver.— pul- 
mom'e-ter, an instrument for measuring the 
capacity of the lungs; spirometer.— pul-mom'e- 
try, the measuring of the size or capacity of the 
lungs in reference to the quantity of air employed 
in respiration.— Pulmona'ria, a genus of borag- 
inaceous herbs; lungwort; Jerusalem sage. P. 
officina'lis, a native of Europe, is mucilaginous 
and demulcent.— pul-mo-na'ri ous, affected with 
pulmonary disease.— pul'mo-na-ry, of the lungs 
or belonging to the lungs; pulmonic, as P alveoli, 
the air*vesicles; alveoli pulmonum*: P. Anlage, 
the first appearance is about the 15th day, as a 
vertical diverticulum of the ventral wall of the 
oesophagus: P. apoplexy, hemorrhage of the cap¬ 
illaries of the lungs into the airscells and sur¬ 
rounding tissues: often seen in cerebral injuries 
and as the starting point of a hemorrhagic infarct: 
P. arch, the fifth of the aortic arches on the 
left side of the embryo developing into the pul¬ 
monary artery: P. artery, a large artery, dividing 
into a right and left pulmonary artery, by means 
of which the venous blood from the right ventricle 
of the heart is conveyed into each lung; arteria 
pulmonaris*: P. cartilage, the third costal carti¬ 
lage of the left side, marking the point at which 
sounds generated at the orifice of the pulmonary 
artery are best heard: P cavities, (^phthisis: P. 
congestion, O" congestion: P. consumption = 
phthisis: P. em/>/iy 5 ^ma = emphysema of the 
lungs: P. = croupous pneumonia: P. 
glands, lymphatic glands on the bronchioles with¬ 
in the lungssubstance; lymphoglandulce pulmo- 
nales*: P, groove, the vertical groove between the 
ribs and the spinal column, formed by the back¬ 
ward projection of the ribs. P. hemorrhage, hem¬ 
orrhage from the lungs; haemoptysis: P. incom¬ 
petence, incompetence of the pulmonary valves: 
P. infarction, the changes consequent upon throm- 
bolic or embolic stoppage of the smaller branches 
of the pulmonary artery or of actual rupture of 
some of its branches: P. ligament, the fold of the 
pleura descending from the root of the lung along 
its inner side to the diaphragm; ligamentum 
latum pulmonis; ligamentum pulmonale*: P. 
lobules, small sections of the lung*tissue separated 
by septa of connective tissue, and each receiving 
a terminal bronchiole; lobuli pulmonum*: P. 
murmur, a murmur produced at the pulmonary 
valve; P, murrain, contagious pleuropneumonia: 
P. nerves, branches of the pneurnpgastric and 
sympathetic nerves accompanying the bronchial 
tubes; P. on/ic^, the right arterial orifice; ostium 
arteriosum dextrum: P. osteo^arthropathy, hyper¬ 
trophic, (^ osteosarthropathy: P. phthisis, &- 
phthisis, def. 2: P. pleura, pleura pulmonalis*, 



PULP 


792 


PULSE 


ly pleura: P. plexus, the bronchial plexus of 
nerves, or that formed at the back of the bron¬ 
chia by the par vagum and great sympathetic 
nerves; plexus pulmonalis*P. rami, rami pul- 
monales*: P. rarefaction = emphysema of the 
lungs: P. respiration, respiration by means of 
the lungs; P. sinuses, the sinuses of Valsalva in 
the pulmonary artery: P. stenosis, obstruction 
of the pulm«nary valves: P. tuberculosis, tuber¬ 
culosis of the lungs: commonly called consump¬ 
tion: P. valves, the semilunar valves of the right 
ventricle at the opening of the pulmonary artery: 
P. veins, veins, usually two upon each side, which 
convey the aerated blood from the lungs to the 
left auricle of the heart, venae pulmonales*: and 
P. vesicle = air^vesicle. — pul-mo-nec'to-my = 

PNEUMONECTOMY.-pul-mo'nia = PNEUMONIA.- 

pul-mon'ic. i. = Pulmonary. 2. One affected 
with phthisis. 3. A medicine for the lungs.— 
pul'mo-nin, a proprietary extract of the pulmo¬ 
nary tissues of the calf.— pul-mo-ni'tis. i. In¬ 
flammation of the lung. 2. = Pneumonia. 
pulp. I. Originally, the fleshy part of meat; also 
the pith of wood; the soft part of fruit. 2. Any 
soft, moist tissue filling an organ; parenchyma¬ 
tous tissue, as of the brain or spleen. P.scavity, 
the cavity (cavum dentis*) in the interior of a 
tooth in which the dental pulp (pulpa dentis*), 
an extremely sensitive pulpy substance, of a red¬ 
dish or reddishsgray color, is situated. P. of the 
finger, ^ digital pulp. P. of the hair, hair* 
BULB. P. of the intervertebral disks, the soft 
matter in the centre of the intervertebral disks, 
the remnants of the chorda dorsalis. P. of the 
teeth, fs- P.sCAViTY. P. of the testicle, ts- paren¬ 
chyma TESTicuLi. P.stissue, the tissue forming 
the pulp or parfenchyma of an organ. [<L. pul'- 
pa pulp.] tpul'pous; puPpy, as P. degeneration 
of joints, or of synovial membranes, chronic tuber¬ 
culous arthritis or synovitis: P. disease = brodie’s 
disease: P. gangrene=KOSPnAi, gangrene: and 
P. testicle, medullary sarcoma of the testicle. 
pul-paPgi a. Pain in the tooth^pulp. 
pul-pa'tion, pul'ping. An operation by which cer¬ 
tain vegetable substances are reduced to a pulp 
by bruising in a mortar and then passing through 
a hair sieve by the aid of a wooden spatula called 
a pul'per. 

pul-pe-fac'tion. Conversion into pulp, 
pul-pi'tis. Inflammation of the dental pulp, 
pulque (pwl'ce). The Mexican name of a beverage 
prepared from the fermented juice of the maguey, 
the common name of Aga've america'na, or 
American aloe. 

puls, ‘gen. pul'tis. A porridge or gruel. [Tf Hb. ’09.] 
puPsa-tile, puPsa-to-ry. Beating; pulsating. 
pul-sa-tiPla. The 1890 U. S. P. name for the herb of 
Anem'one pulsatil'la and of Anem'one praten'sis, 
collected soon after flowering: sometimes em¬ 
ployed as a remedy in amaurosis, in orchitis, in 
dysmenorrhoea, and in certain cutaneous affec¬ 
tions. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). Tinctura pulsa¬ 
tile^. 

pul-sa'tion. The heart’s action extending to the 
arteries, or to adjacent parts thereto, felt in any 
part of the body, as in retinal or epigastric pulsa¬ 
tion. tpuPsa-ting, as P. empyema or pleurisy, 
empyema or pleurisy in which the pulsations of 
the heart are transmitted through the effused 
fluid against the chest®wall so as to be visible: 
P. EXOPHTHALMIC GOITRE: P. neuras¬ 

thenia = AiiGiop ANALYTIC neurasthenia: and P 



tumor, a tumor which pulsates from an enlarged 
state of its blood-vessels. 

pulse. Certain leguminous plants or their seeds, 
as peas, beans, etc. [L. puls pottage.] tpul-ta'- 
ce-ous, macerated, as P. carcinoma, an en- 
cephaloid cancer with thickswalled alveoli and 
pulpy juice. 

pulse. The perceptible shock or beating of the ar¬ 
teries following the transmission of each increase 
of pressure due to the contractile action of the 
heart in systole upon 
an elastic arterial 
tree with a high pe¬ 
ripheral resistance. 

The radial artery at 
the wrist either by 
the sense of touch 
or by the sphygmo- 
GRAPH is commonly 
made use of in or¬ 
der to ascertain the 
force, frequency, 
fulness, etc., of the 
general circulation. 
ts - Pulsus. Among 
the specially named 
varieties of pulse are 
Abrupt, Alternating 

(= PULSUS ALTER- 


CORRICAN PUL5C 

small VOL IN mitral STENOSIS 

high tension in arteriosclerosis 

ARRHYTHMIA PERPETUA 

PULSUS BICEMINUS 

0ICR0TI5M 


nans), Anacroltc (= , 

PULSUS ANAKROTUS, / 
IS-ANACROTISM), .j] 

adicrotic (= pulsus 


aatcronc E'ULbUb 1 . . * 

ANADIKROTUS), An- ^-li-ft-*1- 

gry (- wiry), Ap - pseuoo-brapycamia 

oplectic . Arachnoid ^ ^ 

( PULSUS araneo- .pjjg Pulse in Different 

svs), Arrhythmic (= Conditions. 

PULSUS ARRHYTHMI- 

cus). Arteriosclerotic, Bamberger’s bulbar, Bife- 
rient (= pulsus biferiens), Btgcmtiia/ (= pulsus 
BiGEMiNUs), Bounding (= caprizant). Bulbar 
( = Bamberger’s bulbar). Cannon-ball ( — 
watershammer). Capillary, Caprizant, Cat- 
ACROTic, Catadicrotic, Collapsing (= water- 
hammer), Complex, Cordy (= pulsus fortis), 
Corrigan’s (= water-hammer), Decurtate (= 
PULSUS MYURUs), Deficient, Dicrotic or dicrotal 
(= PULSUS DiKROTUs), Different (= pulsus dif- 
FERENS), DrOPPED-BEAT, ElASTIC, EnDOPLEU- 
RAL, Epigastric, Exopleural, Febrile, Filiform, 
Frequent (=: pulsus frequens). Full, Funic, 
Gaseous, Goat-leap (= caprizant). Hard (= 
PULSUS fortis). Heart- (= pulsus cordis). High 
tension, Hyperdicrotic, Inciduous (= pulsus 
iNCiDUUs), Infrequent, Intercurrent {— pul¬ 
sus iNTERCURRENs), Intermittent (= pulsus 
intermittens). Irregular (= pulsus arhythmi- 
cus), Jerking or jerky (='water-hammer). Ju¬ 
gular Bamberger’s bulbar). Kicking (= 
water-hammer), Kussmaul’s (= paradoxical). 
Leaping (= pulsus saliens). Locomotive (= 
water-hammer). Long, Low-tension, Monne- 
ret’s. Monocrotic, Mouse»tail or myurous (== 
PULSUS MYURUs), N aiU (= Quincke’s capilla¬ 
ry), Paradoxic, Piston (= water-hammer), 
PoLYCROTic, Quadrigeminal, Quick, Quincke’s 
capillary, Radial, Reading (=water-hammer), 
Recurrent, Renal, Respiratory, Retroster¬ 
nal, Senile, Shabby, Short, Shuttle (= water- 
hammer), Slopping (= water-hammer). Slow 
(= pulsus tardus). Small, Soft (= compressi- 










PULSELLUM 


793 


PUL VIS 


ble), Speaking (= water*hammer), Splashing, 
Steelshammer, Strong (= pulsus fortis), Tense 
(—hard), Thready ( = filiform). Tremulous 
( = pulsus tremulus), Tricrotic, Trigeminal 
(= pulsus trigeminus). Undulating (= pulsus 
UNDULOSUS), Unequal, Unsustained (= water* 
hammer),Vaginal, Venous,Vermicular, Vibrat¬ 
ing (= PULSUS vibrans), Watershammer, Wax¬ 
ing and waning (= pulsus inciduus), and Wiry. 
P.sclock, a variety of sphygmograph in which a 
dialsplate is used for recording the tension and 
volume of the pulse. P.scurve = sphygmogram. 
P.spressure, the excess of systolic over diastolic 
pressure: normally about 40 mm. Hg. P.srate, 
the number of pulsations of an artery in a 
minute which is less in the female than in the 
male, less in the reclining position than in sitting, 
less in sitting than on standing, and less on stand¬ 
ing than on exertion. The pulse of an adult male 
at rest, in a state of perfect health, varies from 
67 to 72 beats per minute. An infant in utero 
shows 150 heartsthrobs per minute, this being 
diminished at birth to 120 to 140. The pulse* 
rate of a child a year old is from no to 120; at 
three years of age from 90 to 100; at ten, from 
80 to 85: at puberty about 80; while as life 
advances the pulse usually becomes slower until 
it is again quickened by the infirmities or the 
general debility of old age. i®- Bradycardia ; 
tachycardia. P.swave, the wave of blood pass¬ 
ing from the aorta throughout the arterial system 
at the rate of about 28^ feet per minute, tpulse'- 
less. pulse'less-ness. pul-sif'ic, quickening pulsa¬ 
tion, as certain drugs. 

pul-sel'lum. A flagellum or tail which serves for a 
propeller, as in bacteria and spermatozoa. 

pul-sim'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
force or frequency of the heart or the pulse, ts- 
Cardiograph; sphygmograph. 

pul'so-graph. = Sphygmograph. 

pul'sus. Pulse. P. alter'nans, a pulse in which 
a strong beat regularly alternates with a weak 
one. P. anadikro'tus, a pulsus anakrotus show¬ 
ing two irregularities on the ascending curve. P. 
anakro^tus, a pulse which shows a dentated irreg¬ 
ularity in the upper part of the ascending curve 
of a sphygmographic pulse*tracing. P. araneo'- 
sus, a small thread*like pulse; arachnoid pulse. 
P. arrhyth'micus, an irregular, unrhythmic pulse, 
in which the beats occur at unequal intervals, as 
in myocarditis, fatty degeneration of the heart, 
digestive troubles, misuse of tea, coffee, or 
tobacco, etc. P. bife'riens or bisfe'riens, a pulse 
in which there is a reinforcement of a prolonged 
beat by a secondary spasmodic pulsation: seen 
in aortic stenosis, and not to be confounded with 
a dicrotic pulse. P. bigem'inus, a pulse in which 
the beats occur in couples, between each of 
which there is an interval longer than natural. 
P. cap'rizans = CAPRizANT pulse. P. ce'ler = 
QUICK PULSE. P. cor'dis, the impulse of the heart, 
or the shock communicated by the apex of the 
heart to the walls of the thorax in the neighbor¬ 
hood of the fifth and sixth ribs. This must not 
be confounded with the arterial pulse. P. cotur'- 
nisans, three pulse*beats following in rapid succes¬ 
sion. P. de'bilis, a pulse with very slight tension. 
P. dif'ferens, a pulse of one artery which differs 
from the pulse of the corresponding artery of the 
other side. P. dikro'tus, a double pulse*beat, in 
which the second is the reserve*wave, due to the 
sudden closing of the aortic valves. P. du'rus, 


a pulse which does not easily yield to pressure. 
P. filifor'mis = filiform pulse. P. for'tis, a 
pulse with a strong tension. P. fre'quens, pulse* 
beats at rapid intervals, Pyknocardia. P. 
insequa'lis, unequal pulse, in which the time and 
tension of each pulsesbeat vary. P. incid'uus, a 
pulse which is made up of a series of pulsations 
which successively increase in strength; waxing 
pulse. P. intercur'rens (inter'cidens), a pulse iw 
which there is an extra beat in a normal series. 
P. intermit'tens, a pulse in which the elevation is 
omitted from time to time. P. irregula'ris = P. 
ARRHYTHMicus. P. mag'nus, a large pulse caused 
by a large blood wave. P. mol'lis, a pulse which 
easily yields to pressure. P. myu'rus, a pulse 
which after a large expansion gradually tapers 
away (like the tail of a mouse) in strength. P. op- 
pres'sus, a small, hard pulse which feels as though 
it entered the artery with difficulty. P. para- 
dox'us = PARADOXIC PULSE. P. par'vus, a slight 
pulse caused by a small blood wave. P. ple'nus, a 
pulse giving the impression that the artery is full 
of blood. P. ra'rus, pulse=beats at longer inter¬ 
vals. P. sa'liens, a leaping pulse; unusual fre¬ 
quency of the pulse*beat. P. tar'dus, a slow, de¬ 
liberate pulse: seen in aortic stenosis, arterio¬ 
sclerosis, and old age. P. trem'ulus, a very feeble 
pulse, just perceptible as a fluttering sensation. 
P. trigem'inus, a pulse in which after each three 
beats there is a longer interval. P. undulo'sus, a 
variety in which the pulse*beats are felt in a 
wavy motion. P. vacu'us, a pulse giving the im¬ 
pression that the artery is empt)"-. P. veno'sus. 
^Venous pulse. P. vi'brans, vibrations caused 
by the blood in the vascular walls, 
pul'sor. A machine for mechanical massage, 
pul-ta'ce ous. Pulse. 

Pulv. An abbr. for L. pul'vis, a powder, or pul'- 
veres, powders, 
pul'ver-able. Pulverizable. 

pul'ver-fla-tor. An instrument for blowing powders, 
pul'ver-i-za-ble. That which may be reduced to 
fine powder. 

pul*ve-ri-za'tion. The act of reducing a substance to 
powder. tpul've-rized, as P. iron = ferrum 
REDUCTUM*. — pul've-ri-zer, an atomizer pul'- 
ve-rous, powdery, pul-ver'u-lence, the state of 
being reduced to powder, pul-ver'u-lent, dusty; 
powdery; reduced to powder: sometimes applied 
to the eyes when in consequence of granulations 
they appear as if sprinkled with dust, 
pul-vi'nar. i. A cushion or pillow, as P. humuli, 
a hop*pillow, or P. medica'tum, a medicated pillow. 

2. The posterior extremity of the optic thalamus. 

3. A fatty mass occupying part of the acetabulum. 
P. epiglottidis = CUSHION of the epiglottis. 

pul'vi-nate. In bacteriology, meaning in form of 
a cushion; decidedly convex, 
pul'vis, pi. pul'veres. A powder. Powders are 
usually administered in papers {pulveres in char- 
tulis) ; in starch capsules, cachets, or wafers {pul¬ 
veres in capsulis amalaceis) ; in gelatin capsules 
{pulveres in capsulis gelatini) ; or in tablet trit¬ 
urates {pulveres in tahlettis or tablettce orales). es- 
Dusting powder; trituration. P. acetanili'di 
compos'itus*, “compound acetanilide powder,” a 
favorite but sometimes dangerous headache pow¬ 
der, containing acetanilide 70%; caffeine, 10%; 
and sodium bicarbonate, 20%; in fine powder. 
Dose, 0.33 Gm. (5 grs.). P. al'oes et canel'- 
lae, the N. F. name for hiera picra, containing 
80% of aloes and 20% of canella. Dose, i Gm. 


PUL VIS 


794 


PUNCTURE 


(15 grs.). P. antimonia'lis, the 1890 U. S. P. 
name for antimonial or James’s powder, contain¬ 
ing antimony oxide, 33%, and precipitated calci¬ 
um phosphate, 67%: said to be alterative, dia¬ 
phoretic, purgative, or emetic, according to the 
dose in which it is given. Dose, o.2too.5 Gm. (3 to 
74 grs.). P. antisep'ticus (N. F.), a preparation 
containing salicylic acid, 5 Gm.; carbolic acid, 
eucalyptol, menthol, and thymol, i Gm. each; zinc 
sulphate, 2V boric acid in impalpable 

powder, 866 Gm. It is used as a dusting powder 
or in a 5% solution, as it dissolves in both 
hot and cold water. P. aromat'icus*, “aromatic 
powder,” a powder containing Saigon cinnamon, 
35 Gm.; ginger, 35 Gm.; cardamom, deprived of 
the pericarps, 15 Gm.; and nutmeg, 15 Gm. It 
is stimulant and carminative. Dose, i Gm. 
(15 grs.). i^-F luidextractum aromaticum*. 
P. cat'echu compos'itus, a N. F. and B. P. prepar¬ 
ation of catechu, kino, krameriae, cinnamon, and 
myristica. Dose, 1.3 Gm. (20 grs.). P. cre'tae 
compos'itae*, “compound chalk powder,” a 
powder composed of prepared chalk, 30 Gm., 
acacia, 20 Gm.; and sugar, 50 Gm.: used in the 
preparation of mistura cret^*. Dose, 2 Gm. 
(30 grs.). P. efferves'cens compos'itus*, “com¬ 
pound effervescing powder” or Seidlitz powder, 
prepared from sodium bicarbonate, 31 Gm., and 
potassium and sodium tartrate, 93 Gm., mixed 
and divided into 12 equal parts, and tartaric acid, 
27 Gm., divided into 12 equal parts. Dose, i set 
of 2 powders. P. glycyrrhi'zse compos'itus*, 
“ compound powder of glycyrrhiza” or pectoral 
powder, containing senna, 180 Gm.; glycyrrhiza, 
236 Gm.; washed sulphur, 80 Gm.; oil of fennel, 
4 Gm.; and sugar, 500 Gm.: used as an agreeable 
laxative. Dose, 4 Gm. (60 grs.). P. ipecacuan'- 
.hae et o'pii*, “powder of ipecac and opium” or 
Dover’s powder, containing ipecac, 10 Gm.; 
powdered opium, 10 Gm.; and sugar of milk, 80 
Gm. It is anodyne, diaphoretic, and antispas- 
modic and especially adapted for rheumatism, 
pneumonia, dysentery, etc. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (74 
grs.). P. jala'pae compos'itus*, “compound pow¬ 
der of jalap” or pul vis purgans, a powder con¬ 
taining jalap, 35 Gm., and potassium bitartrate, 
65 Gm.: used, as a cathartic, in dropsy and in 
scrcffulous disease of the glands and joints. Dose, 
2 Gm. (30 grs.). P. morphi'nae compos'itus*, 
“ compound powder of morphine ” or Tully’s 
powder, containing morphine sulphate, 1.5 Gm.; 
camphor, 32 Gm.: glycyrrhiza, 33 Gm.; precip¬ 
itated calcium carbonate, 33.5 Gm.; and alcohol, 
a sufficient quantity to make 100 Gm. It is 
anodyne, nerve sedative, and antispasmodic. 
Dose, 0.5 Gm. (74 grs.). P. pancreat'icus com¬ 
pos'itus (N. F.), a peptonizing powder made of 
20% of pancreatin and 80% of sodium bicarbo¬ 
nate. Of this powder 1.5 Gm. (25 grs.) will pep¬ 
tonize 500 Cc.(i pt.) of fresh cow’s milk, by add¬ 
ing to the powder, contained in 125 Cc. (4 fl. ozs.) 
of tepid water, the milk previously warmed to 
38° C. (104° F.) and maintaining the entire mix¬ 
ture at this temperature for half an hour. The 
milk thus prepared should be kept in a cool place 
and used within 24 hours. P. pepsi'ni compos'¬ 
itus (N. F.), a digestant mixture of saccharated 
pepsin, 15; pancreatin, 15; diastase, i; lactic 
acid, i; hydrochloric acid, 2; and sugar of milk, 
to TOO parts. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). P. pur'- 
gans —P. JALAPS coMPosiTus*. P. rhe'i com¬ 
pos'itus*, “compound powder of rhubarb” or 


Gregory’s powder, containing rhubarb, 25 Gm.‘ 
magnesium oxide, 65 Gm.; and ginger, 10 Gm.: 
used as a laxative antacid, especially for children. 
Dose. 2 Gm. (30 grs.). P. rhe'i et magne'siae ani- 
sa'tus, the anisated powder of rhubarb and mag¬ 
nesia of the N. F. [L.] 

pumice (pum'fs or piu'mfs). A porous, volcanic 
product, consisting chiefly of silica and alumina: 
used as a detergent and as a dentifrice. [< L. 
pu'mex pumice=stone.] fpu-mic'i-form. 
pu'mi-line. An oil distilled from the young 
branches of Pi'nus pumil'io. 
pum'mel=foot. Club-foot, Talipes. 
pump. An instrument for drawing or forcing liquids 
and gases into or out of a reservoir: usually 
from a lower to a higher level. Airsp., ts- air. 
Breastsp. = ANTLiA lactea. Alvegniat’s p. ; 
DENTAL p.; stomachsp. Jpumped, out of breath 
(coll.); pump ship, to urinate, 
pump'er-nick-el. A coarse rye bread of Germany, 
pump'kin. A plant of the gourd family ; pepo. 
pu'na. Mountain sickness (veta), especially of the 
high plateaus of the Andes, 
pu-na'sia. =Oz.ena. [^j Lb’08.] 
punched'sout. Welbdeflned, as the P.^o. edges of 
an ulcer. 

Punch’s voice. A peculiar ringing, squeaking voice 
sometimes heard in the insane or in those with 
defects of the palate. 

punc'ti-form. In bacteriology, denoting very small 
colonies which cannot be seen with the naked eye 
P. sensation, a sensation located at a point, 
punc'tum, pi. -ta. A point or small puncture. P. 
a'lae vo'meris, a point on the rostrum of the 
sphenoid bone where it is enclosed between the 
wings of the vomer. P. au'reum. i. = Macula 
LUTEA*. 2. A twisted golden wire formerly in¬ 
serted after the radical cure of hernia in order to 
close the tunica vaginalis. P. caecum = optic 
DISK. Punc'ta cruen'ta = PUNCTA vasculosa. 
Punc'ta doloro'sa = Valleix’s points. P. fix'um, 
the point of attachment of a muscle. P. foram'- 
inis incisi'vi, the posterior border of the incisive 
foramen. P. insertio'nis, the point of insertion 
of a muscle. P. lacrima'le*, either of the minute 
apertures of the lachrymal canals for the escape 
of the tears situated at the summit of the lachry¬ 
mal papillae near the inner angle of the eye. P. lu'- 
teum = macula lutea*. Punc'ta max'ima, those 
places of the body at which stethoscopic sounds are 
best heard. P. ossificatio'nis = centre of ossifi¬ 
cation. P. prox'imum = nearspoint. P. remo'- 
tum = FARspoiNT. P. sa'liens,” starting or spring¬ 
ing point,” a name given by some writers to the 
first pulsations of the heart in the embryo, but, 
according to others, the first moving point that 
appears after the fecundation of the germ. 
Punc'ta vasculo'sa, red spots occurring on the 
surface of the centrum ovale majus, produced by 
the escape of blood from blood=vessels. [L. fr. 
pun'gere to prick.] fpunc'tate, spotted, as P. 
cataract, a cataract consisting of a number of dot* 
like opacities, punc-tic'u-lum, petechia, 
punc'ti o. Puncture, as P. vesicas, puncture of the 
distended bladder above the symphysis. [L.] 
punc'ture. i. A perforation; a wound made,by a 
pointed instrument, as a needle, a thorn, or a 
bayonet, Wound, punctured. 2. The act of 
pricking or perforating, especially for exploratory 
(diagnostic) or operative (therapeutic) purposes. 
^Paracentesis; Quincke’s lumbar punc¬ 
ture. P. culture, a bacteriological culture made 


PUNGENT 


795 


PURINE 


by thrusting a platinum wire with infectious 
matter on it into the culturesmedium; stab cul¬ 
ture; needle culture, P.sdiabetes> diabetes pro¬ 
duced by puncturing the vasomotor centre in the 
floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, P. fluid, 
morbid fluid which has gathered in a bodily cav¬ 
ity or under the subcutaneous tissue and has 
been drawn off by puncture and aspiration, 
P. reaction, redness and swelling at the point of 
subcutaneous injection of tuberculin; considered 
as diagnostic of tuberculosis, {^Wien. klin. 
Wchnschr. v, 21, No, 12.] [< L, punctu'ra, fr, 

pun'gere to prick,] 

pun'gent. Acute; sharp; penetrating as an odor, 
[< L, pun'gere to prick.] 

Pu'nica grana'tum. The pomegranate^tree, the 
flowers of which, termed balausiine flowers, are 
used medicinally as astringents. tpu'ni-cine, 
^ pelletierine; Granatum*. 

Punktsubstanz (pungct-0«b-shtants'). The granular* 
looking, dotted substance largely formed by the 
interlacing of nerve*cells and their processes, 
and constituting a considerable part of the cen¬ 
tral nervous system. [Ger.] 

pun'tos. An exanthematous fever epidemic in 
Spain in the XVI century. [Sp.] 

pu'pa. The second stage in the life history of in¬ 
sects; nympha; chrysalis. Larva, the first 
stage, and imago, the third or perfect stage. 
[L.] pu'pal. pu'pate. pu-pa'lun. pu'pi-form. 
pu-poi'ge-nous. 

pu'pil. The black opening in the centre of the 
iris, in front of the anterior surface of the lens 
through which the luminous rays pass into the 
eye; apple of the eye; pu-piTla*. In man the 
pupil is round, and subject to much variation in 
size under varying conditions. Thus, after the 
full use of a mydriatic, as atropine, accommoda¬ 
tion is lost and the pupil markedly enlarged, and 
after a myotic, such as opium, it may be pin* 
hole in size, while in general paresis or in brain 
tumors the pupils may be unequal. Varieties and 
abnormalities of the pupil are Argyl»*Robert- 
soN, Artificial, Cat’s*eye, Hutchinson’s and 
PlN*HOLE. ^CoRECTASIS; SYNECHIA. ' [< L. 
pupil'la, fr. pu'pa girl, baby, or doll, because the 
reflection of the beholder is seen greatly dimin¬ 
ished, so as to resemble a little child.] tpu'pil- 
la-ry, as P. centre, a centre situated in the corpus 
quadrigeminum, presiding over contraction of 
the pupil. CiLiospiNAL centre; P. mem¬ 

brane = membra-n a PUPiLLARis*; P. reflex, con- 
traction of the pupil when light falls on the retina, 
but occasionally the 
pupil is dilated by 
the action of light on 
the retina, and the re¬ 
action is then called 
paradoxic pupillary 
reflex; and P. zone, 
the inner of the two 
zones into which the 
surface of the iris is 
divided by the zig¬ 
zag line formed at 
the junction of the 

ridges which come Circular Pupillometer. 

from the periphe- (Posey and Spiller.) 

ral edge of the iris 

with those from the pupillary edge, pu^pil-late. 

pu-pil-lom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
apparent size of the pupil, fpu-pil-loni'e-try. 



pu-pil-los'co-py. Examination of the pupil for 
diagnostic purposes. ^Skiascopy. 
pu'pil-lo-sta-tom'e-ter. An instrument for measur¬ 
ing the distance between the two pupils, 
pup'pis os. ’Frontal bone, 
pur. =Pus. I®-Pyo-. [L.] tpu'ral. 
pur'blind. Near*sighted; myopic, tpur'blind-ness. 
pure culture. A culture which contains only one 
variety of bacterium, Mixed culture; sym¬ 
biosis. Pure Food and Drugs Act, the act of 
June 30, 1906, of the U. S. Congress, whereby 
various forms of adulteration of foods and drugs 
are defined and the U. S. Pharmacopoeia is made 
one of the standards for such determinations, 
pur'ga-ment. A cathartic; purgative, 
pur'ga-tin. i. The purgative agent of vegetable 
cathartics, as of senna and cascara sagrada. 2. 
A synthetic laxative, anthrapurpurine diacetate; 
purgatol. Dose, 0.5 to i Gm. (7J-15 grs.). This 
drug may impart a purple red color to the urine. 
tS - PURGEN. 

pur-ga'tion. An evacuating of the bowels, 
pur'ga-tive. i. Causing purgation; increasing the 
alvine excretions. 2. A purgative medicine. 
Purgatives are divided into various classes as 
drastic, simple, saline, hydragogue, cholagogue, and 
laxative. Among the drastic purgatives are colo- 
cynth, croton oil, jalap, scammony, and gamboge. 
The simple purgatives are aloes, castor oil, rhu¬ 
barb, senna, etc. Under the head saline are mag¬ 
nesium sulphate, sodium sulphate, potassium 
citrate, potassium tartrate, and sodium phos¬ 
phate. Hydragogues include potassium bitar¬ 
trate, elaterinum, and gamboge. Cholagogues 
comprise calomel, blue pill, iridin, podophyllin, 
etc. Large numbers of synthetic drugs, such as 
PURGEN and puRGATiN, have of recent years been 
introduced as purgatives, but are not without 
certain dangers owing to the chemical source from 
which they are obtained, 
pur'ga-tol. =PuRGATiN, def. 2. 
purge. I. To cause free evacuation of the bowels. 

2. A purgation. 3. A dose of purgative medicine, 
pur'gen. A trade name for phenolphthalein when 

used as a laxative. 

pur'ging. I . Having the power of evacuating the 
bowels. P. agaric = PoLYPORUS officinalis. P. 
buckthorn = Rhamnus cathartica. P. cassia = 
Cassia fistula*. P. flax, the common name for 
Li'num cathar'ticum. P. nut = Jatropha curcas. 
P. thorn = Rhamnus cathartica. 2. Diarrhoea. 

3. A term used by embalmers to describe the 
escape of fluid matter from the stomach and 
lungs of a dead body. 

pu'ri-fied. Cleansed of foreign or hurtful matter, 
P. aloes, P. animal charcoal, P. cotton, P. oxgall, 
P. petroleum benzin, and P. talc, all of which are 
officinal in the U. S. P. 
pu'ri-form. Resembling pus. ts* Pus. 
pu'rine. A synthetic basic substance. 

N=CH 
HC C—NH 

fl 

N —C — N 

discovered by Fischer, which upon oxidation or 
substitution gives rise to many important de¬ 
rivatives (P. bodies or bases: known also as 
alloxur or alloxuric, xanthine, or nuclein bodies 
or bases), as adenine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, 

URIC ACID, GUANINE, THEOBROMINE, CAFFEINE, etC. 



PURIN>EMIA 


796 


PUS 




The position of the side^chains in substitution* 
products is customarily indicated by numerals 
arranged as follows: 

T—6 IIX—CO . 

1 i II 

2 5—7. OC C—NCH,. 

1 I >8. I II >CH 

3_4_9/ CH3N—C-N/ 

Purine Nucleus. Theobromine. 

Thus,theobromine is t:dimethyU2-6i=^oxypurine. 
pu-ri-nae'mia. An excess of the purine bodies in the 
blood giving rise to gout, rheumatism, rheuma¬ 
toid arthritis, etc. [< L. pus + cuua blood.] tP'i" 
ri-nom'e-ter. [IfL. j. ’03 ; B.M.J. j. '06.] 
pu'ri-ty rubric. The short paragraph preceding 
the description of a chemical in the U. S. P. and 
defining its required degree of purity. 

Purkinje’s axisscylinder (pur-cin'yez). Axis* 
cylinder. P.’s 

BASKETsWORK. 

P.’s cells or cor¬ 
puscles, large, 
antler*like 
branched nerve* 
cells with DEN- 
DRONS consti¬ 
tuting the mid¬ 
dle layer of the 
cerebellar cor¬ 
tex. P.’s fibres, 
immature cardi¬ 
ac muscles fibres 
situated in the 
subendocardial 
tissue of the 
ventricles of the 
heart in the 
form of a net¬ 
work P.’s figures, figures produced in the eye 
by shadows of the retinal blood*vessels cast on the 
rodsandscone layer of the retina as when light en¬ 
ters the eyeball in an oblique direction or when 
awakening from sleep the eyes are fixed upon a 
white ceiling. P.’s granular layer = interglob- 
ULAR SPACES. P.’s network, the network made 
up of P.’s FIBRES. p.’s vesicle = germinal 
VESICLE. [< Johannes Evangelista Purkinje, a 
Hungarian anatomist and physiologist, 1787- 
1869.] 

PurkinjesSanson’s images (pfir-cm'y6-san-s6nz). 
The three images, a bright, erect one; a larger, 
less distinct, erect one; and an indistinct, in¬ 
verted one, reflected from the eye, as by the 

PHACOSCOPE. 

pu'ro-. Purulent; pyo-. A combining form, as in 
pu'ro-form, puTO-hep-a-ti'tis, and pu-ro-mu'cous. 
[< L. pus, gen. pu'ris pus.] 
pur'ple avens. =Geum rivale. P. of Cassius, 
gold precipitated from solution of tin chloride. 

Visual purple. 
pur'ples. = Purpura. 

pur'po-sive. i. Having a purpose. 2. Fulfilling 
some end; functional. P. act. i. An act per¬ 
formed with the consent of the will. 2. An act 
apparently but not really done for a purpose, 
pur'pu-ra. i. Purpura hemorrhagica. 2. A 
general term for nonstraumatic extravasations of 
blood, in the form of petechiae or ecchymoses, 
into the skin or mucous membranes, the coagula¬ 
tion time of the blood being delayed, Hemo¬ 
philia; Henoch’s purpura; Tardieu’s spots. 


P. ful'minans, a severe form of purpura haemor 
rhagica which may prove fatal within 24 hours 
P. haemorrha'gica, a severe form of purpura at¬ 
tended with general debility and sometimes with 
slight fever; landsscurvy; morbus maculosus ol 
Werlhof. P. maculo'sa, acne scorbutica. Malig* 
nant p., cerebrospinal fever. P. nau'tica = scor¬ 
butus. P. papulo'sa = LICHEN LIVIDUS. P. puli- 
co'sa, purpura caused by bites of insects, as of fleas. 
P. rheumat'ica= Schonlein’s disease. P. scor- 
bu'tica, a variety resembling both purpura haemor- 
rhagica and scurvy. P. simplex, an apparently 
spontaneous form of mild purpura in which diar¬ 
rhoea and rheumatic pains are often present: seen 
especially in children. P. symptomat'ica, pur¬ 
puric eruption occurring as a symptom of some 
other disease, as pyaemia, septicaemia, malignant 
endocarditis, measles, smallpox, etc. P. ur'ticans, 
purpura in which the eruption appears in raised 
patches accompanied by burning and itching. 
P. variolo'sa, a severe form of hemorrhagic small¬ 
pox in which purpura occurs before the eruption 
of the pustules. [L.,* fr. Topqf'pa purple.] tpur- 
pu'ric, as P. acid, a hypothetical acid, CgHjN^Og, 
of a purple color, supposed to exist in calculi and 
other animal excretions, pur-pu-rif'e-rous. 
pur-pu-rae'mi a. Malaria with hasmaturia. 
pur-pu'rase. I. M. ’ 03 .] 

pur'pu-rin. i. A red dye. 2. = Uroerythrin. 
pur-pu-rog'e-nous membrane. The pigment epithe¬ 
lium of the eye. 

pur*pu-ro-xan'thic acid. A compound, C,5HgO 

6 > 

found in madder. 

pur'ree. = Indian yellow, which contains pur- 
reic acid or euxanthic acid, 
pur'ring fremitus, thrill, or tremor. A fremitus, 
thrill, or tremor resembling a cat’s purring, 
purse. The scrotum P.slike fissure = vallecula 
CEREBELL i. P.sstiing Operation, Stoltz’s 
operation. 

pur'si-ness. Dyspnoea combined with oppressive 
fatness. The term pur'sy is applied to any one 
who is «hortswinded. 
purslane. = Portulaca oleracea. 
pu'ru-lence. The quality of being purulent, 
pu'ru-lent. Consisting of pus ; of the nature of 
pus; pusslike, as P. appendicitis: P. catarrh: P. 
collection, an abscess: P. conjunctivitis: P. men¬ 
ingitis: P. pericarditis: P. peritonitis: P. pleur¬ 
isy = empyema: P. salpingitis: and P. vomit, 
vomit of purulent matter, a rare condition, 
caused by the bursting of an abscess in the 
stomach or by suppurative inflammation of the 
stomachswalls ; pyemesis. 
pu'ru-loid. Resembling pus; somewhat purulent, 
pus. Necrotic tissue Jn a semiliquid state and 
composed of leucocytes, liquor puris, albumin, 
mucin, pyin, salts, bacteria, etc.; matter. It is 
found in abscesses or on the surface of sores. 
The color varies according to the micro*organism 
present, the part in which the inflammation ex¬ 
ists, etc. Thus, there is the blue pus of the 
Bacillus pyocyaneus and the anchovyssauce pus 
of the abscess of the liver, due to the Amce'ba 
co'li. Before the'days of antiseptic surgery great 
attention was paid to the character of the pus, 
especially its consistence, reaction, and odor, and 
much valuable information is still to be secured 
from this source even without bacteriological ex¬ 
amination, as is seen by the scrofulous, caseous, 
cheesy, or curdy discharge from the tuberculous 
cervical glands and the creamy, orange pus of a 


basketswork, 6r fibresbasket = 



Purkinje Cell from Silver Prep¬ 
aration OF Cerebellar Cor¬ 
tex. a. Axone. (After Piersol.) 








PUSH 


797 


PYETIA 


boil due to the Siaphylococ'cus au'reus. Laudable 
p. is a thick, yellowish liquid, without marked 
irritant properties, secreted by a surface which is 
granulating and therefore usually limited in 
size; pus aequale; pus benignum; pus bonum. 
Ichorous or Sanious p., a thin, discolored liquid 
with irritant properties and usually of an un¬ 
pleasant odor. ^Pyo-. P. bo'num = laudable 
PUS. P.scells, scorpuscles, or sglobules, the mul- 
tinuclear leucocytes suspended in the liquor 
puris. A solution of acetic acid brings out 
their nuclei. P.sorganisms, organisms capable 
of producing pus. P. poison, a chemical poison 
which causes purulent inflammation, for certain 
chemicals, like calomel, possess positive chemotac- 
tic properties and give rise to all the signs of in¬ 
flammation without the presence of bacteria. P.s 
producing = PYOGENIC. P.stube, a fallopian tube 
when subject to suppurative inflammation: used 
rarely also of the male genital ducts. [L.] 
push. A pustule: an old term for an inflammatory 
swelling which differs from a boil in containing 
uniform and mature pus. 

pus'tule. A small globate or conoidal elevation of 
the cuticle containing pus or lymph. Pustules 
are distingui.shed as primary when formed with¬ 
out any previous lesion, secondary when preceded 
by a vesicle or papule, simple when consisting of 
a single chamber, and compound when made up 
of more than one chamber. Malignant p. = an¬ 
thrax [< L. pus'tula blister, pustule.] fpus'- 
tu-lant. I. Causing inflammation. 2. An agent 
which causes inflammation, pus'tu-lar, charac¬ 
terized by or of the nature of a pustule or pus¬ 
tules, as P. conjunctivitis = conjunctivitis, 
phlyctenular: P. lupus, lupus erythematosus 
in which there are tubercles covered with persis¬ 
tent dark crusts: P. scrofuloderm, a scrofuloderm 
characterized by the formation of pustules which 
leave depressed scars: and P. syphilide, one of 
the manifestations of tertiary syphilis, pus'tu- 
late, having pustules, pus-tu-la'tion, the forma¬ 
tion of pustules, pus'tu-li-form, resembling a 
pustule. pus'tu-lo-crus-ta'ce ous, characterized 
by pustules which form a crust after discharging, 
pus’tu-lo-der'ma, a skin disease in which pustules 
are a prominent factor. pus'tu-lous, covered 
with pustules; of the nature of a pustule, 
pu-ta'men. i. The stone of a drupe or shell of a 
nut. 2. The outer and darker part of the lentic¬ 
ular nucleus separated by the claustrum from the 
cortex of the brain. [L., “ shell.”] tpu-ta-min'- 
e ous. 

Put'namsDa'na’s symptom complex. Sclerosis of the 
lateral and posterior columns of the cord exist¬ 
ing at one and the same time, 
pu-tre-fac'tion. The decomposition of animal or 
vegetable matters, effected by the action of micro* 
organisms and accompanied by the formation of 
solid, liquid, and gaseous products and by a foul 
odor. tPU"tr®“^^c'tive, as P. alkaloid — pto¬ 
maine: and P. fermentation, fermentation. 
pu-tre-fi'a-ble. Subject to or causing putrefaction, 
pu-tres'cence. A state of rottenness or putridity, 
tpu-tres'cent. 

pu-tres-cen'ti a u'teri. The severest variety of puer¬ 
peral endometritis; tympanites uteri, 
pu-tres-ci-bil'i-ty. Capability of putrefaction, 
pu-tres'cine. A mildly toxic, disagreeable smelling 
ptomaine, C^HjaN^, found in putrefying albumin, 
flesh, fish, gelatin, etc., in the urine in cystinuria, 
tctramethylenediamine. 


pu'trid. Rotten; corrupt: applied to certain dis¬ 
eases in which putrid matter is excreted, tsr 
Ichorous; pythogenic; sanious; septic. P. 
bronchitis, fetid bronchitis. P. fever = TYPHUs. 
P. infection, pyaemia due to infection from a gan¬ 
grenous spot. P. pleurisy, a form due to septi¬ 
caemia, pyaemia, etc., in which the exudate is of 
a brownish color and has an offensive smell, (s- 
Empyema. P. sore mouth, ulcerative stomatitis. 
P. sore throat = CYNANCHE maligna. P. ulcer, 
hospital gangrene. fPu-trid'i-ty. 
pu'tri-lage. Putrescent matter, j'pu-tri-lag'i-nous, 
gangrenous. 

pu-triv'o-rous. Living on putrid matter, 
pu-tro-ma'ine. A ptomaine of putrefactive origin, 
put'ty. t®- Horsley’s putty. 

py-ae'mia, py-o-hae'mi a. A condition of blood* 
poisoning of microbic origin which induces fever, 
accompanied by irregular chills, very high tem¬ 
perature, and visceral congestions, and by certain 
local lesions, which are chiefly venous thromboses, 
embolic infarctions in the viscera, acute suppura¬ 
tions of the serous membranes and joints, multi¬ 
ple abscesses in the connective tissue, and erup¬ 
tions upon the skin, SEPTiCiEMiA. Arterial 
p., pyaemia due to dissemina¬ 
tion of emboli from a cardiac 
thrombus. Puerperal p., pyae¬ 
mia in a woman due to child* 
birth. [dTTvov pus-fat//a 
blood.] tpy-®'niic or py-e'mic, 
relating to pyaemia, as P. ab¬ 
scess or P. embolism. 
py'ar. Colostrum, 
py-ar-thro'sis. Suppuration of a 
joint. 

py-ar'thrum. A suppurated joint, 
py-au-la-co-me'le. A grooved 
probe for searching for matter 
or pus. [ < TTvov pus -f avTia^ 
furrow -f- pr/Xri probe.] 
pyc-nom'e-ter (ptc-nom'^-ter). A 
specific gravity bottle. [< 

TTVKvog thick-I-/uerpoF measure.] 
py-e-li'tis. Inflammation of the 

pelvis (or other structures within the sinus) of 
the kidney. Calculous p., a form caused by 
calculi. tPy-e-lit'ic. 

py'e-lo-. Pertaining to the pelvis, especially to that 
of the kidney: a combining form. [< Trvelog pel¬ 
vis.] pye-lo-cys-ti'tis, inflammation of the renal 
pelvis and of the bladder.— pye-lo-cys-to-sto- 
mo'sis, the formation of a direct opening between 
the pelvis of the kidney and the bladder.— py- 
e-log'ra-phy. J. A. M. A. j. ’06.]— pye-lo-li- 
thot'o-my, excision of a renal calculus from the 
pelvis of the kidney.— py-e-lom'e-ter, a pel¬ 
vimeter.— pye-lo-ne-phri'tis, pye-lo-ne-phro'sis, 
inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney 
in which confluent abscesses form, i®- Nephritis, 
SUPPURATIVE, — pyc-lo-par- 

a-ne-phri'tis, a sac communicating with the pel¬ 
vis and the paranephritic tissues.— py-e-lot'o-my, 
incision into the pelvis of the kidney, 
py-em'e-sis. Vomiting of purulent matter: a rare 
condition, caused by the bursting of an abscess 
in, or into, the stomach or by suppurative inflam¬ 
mation of the stomachswalls. 
py-e'mi a, py-e'mic. = Pyaemia ; pyemic. 
py-en-ceph'a-lus. Suppuration within the cranium 
py-e'sis. = Pyosis. 
py-e'tia. i. Colostrum, 2. Rennet, 



Pycnometer. 



















PYGAGRA 

py-gag'ra. Pain in the anal region. [ < TTvyi] rump 
+ aypa seizure.] 

py-gid'i um. The hinder region of the body of cer¬ 
tain invertebrates. 

py-go-did'y-mus. A monster with a double rump 
and pelvis, pygopagus. 

py-gom'e-lus. A monster with a supernumerary 
limb growing from the buttocks or from the hy¬ 
pogastric region. [ < rrvyy rump -I- peTioq limb.] 
py-gop'a-gus. A double monster placed back to 
back and united at the rump or buttocks. When 
one foetus is parasitic, the condition is known as 
pygo-par-a-sit'i-cus. [< Trvyij rump + TTrjyvvvai 
to fix.] 

py'ic. Of or belonging to pus. 

py'in. The nucleoproteid of old pus which is pre¬ 
cipitated by acetic acid. 

pyk-no-car'di a. Hastening of the heart’s activity; 

TACHYCARDIA. 

pyk-nom'e-ter. = Pycnometer. 
pyk-no-mor'phous. Having compactly arranged 
stainable elements. 

pyk-no'sis. An intermediary stage between kary- 
OLYSis and karyorrhexis in which the contrac¬ 
tion of the nucleus causes it to look like a small 
round ball, fpyk-no'tic. 

py'la, pi. -las. The opening through which the third 
ventricle of the brain communicates with the 
aqueduct of Sylvius. [ < rthTir] gate.] -j-py'lar. 
py-lae'mia. The blood of the portal vein. nyTir) 
gate -f- aipa blood.] 

py-lem-phrax'is. Obstruction of the portal vein, 
pyle-phle-bec'ta-sis, -bec-ta'si a. Dilatation of the 
portal vein. 

pyle-phle-bi'tis. Inflammation of the portal vein, 
as from appendicitis, dysentery, pyaemia, etc. P. 
adhaesi'va, obstructing or obliterating pylephle¬ 
bitis, characterized by strong congestion of the 
portal vein. P. chron'ica, a process analogous to 
atheromatous degeneration of arteries. P. sup- 
purati'va or purulen'ta, an infectious, metastatic 
variety analogous to hepatitis suppurativa: 
usually fatal. 

pyle-throm-bo-phle-bi'tis. Thrombosis of the por¬ 
tal vein coexisting with inflammation of its walls, 
py-le-throm-bo'sis. Thrombosis of the portal vein, 
py-lic. Relating to the portal vein. [< ttpA?/ gate.] 
py-lom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring any 
obstruction at the entrance of the bladder; cysto- 
pylometer. 

py-Io-ral'gi a. Pain in the pyloric region, 
py-lo-rec'to-my. Excision of the pylorus, 
py-lor'ic. Belonging to the pylorus*. P. antrum, 
a dilation of the stomach situated below the py¬ 
lorus; antrum pyloricum. P. artery, the pyloric 
branch of the hepatic artery. P. glands, serous 
glands lined by columnar epithelium situated at 
the pylorus and secreting gastric juice. P. in¬ 
competency or incontinence, a weakened condition 
of the pylorus, in which undigested food passes 
into the intestine and regurgitation from the duo¬ 
denum into the stomach occurs. P. ligaments, 
the ligaments holding the pylorus in place; liga- 
menia pylori*. P. orifice, the opening of the 
stomach into the duodenum; pylorus. P. plexus, 
a plexus formed by branches of the hepatic plexus 
upon the pyloric artery. P. sphincter, the sphinc¬ 
ter muscle of the pylorus. P. stenosis, fibrous con¬ 
traction of the pylorus thus narrowing the calibre 
of the orifice and leading to dilatation of the 
stomach and consequent retention of the food 
with fermentative changes. P. valve, the thick 


PYO- 

ring of circular muscular fibres covered by mucous 
membrane which closes the pyloric orifice of the 
stomach; valvula pylori*. P. vein, a vein run¬ 
ning along the lesser curvature of the stomach 
and discharging into the portal vein, 
py-lor-i-col'ic. Pertaining to the pylorus and the 
colon, as P. ligament, a ligamentous band extend¬ 
ing from the pyloric end of the stomach to the 
transverse colon. 

py-lor*i-ste-no'sis. = Pyloric stenosis. 
py-lo-ri'tis. Inflammation of the pylorus, 
py-lor'o-. Relating to the pylorus: a combining 
form. [< TTv'Aupog pylorus.] py-lor-o-che'sis, 
obstruction of the pylorus. — py-lor-o-col'ic = 
PYLORicoLic. — py-lor’o-gas-trec'to-my. J. A. 
M. A. ij. ’o6.] — py-lor'o-plas-ty, plastic operation 
upon the pylorus. — py-lor-o-scir'rhus, a hard 
cancer of the pylorus.— py-lor'o-spasm, spasm of 
the pylorus. — py-lo-ros'to-my, opening of the 
pylorus.— py-lor-o-ste-no'sis = pyloric stenosis. 
py-lo'rus*. The elliptical, sometimes circular, ap¬ 
erture 13x15 mm. (^xf in.) of the stomach at the 
commencement of the duodenum, Pyloric. 
py'o-. I. Pertaining to pus; purulent; puro-: a 
combining form. [ < ttvov pus.] py-o-blen'nic = 
MUCOPURULENT. — pyo-blen-nor-rhcB'a, a flow of 
purulent mucus.— py'o-cele, a hernia containing 
pus. P. retrosuteri'na, a collection of pus around 
the uterus.— py-o-che'zi a, discharge of pus with 
the faeces.— py-o-coe'li a, presence of pus in the 
cavity of the abdomen.— py-o-col'po-cele, a tumor 
of the vagina containing pus.— py-o-col'pcs, col¬ 
lection of pus in the vagina.— py-oc'ta-nin = py- 
OKTANiN. — py-o-cy'an-ase, the proteolytic, bac¬ 
teriolytic enzyme derived from the Bacillus pyo- 
cyaneus; used internally to prevent influenza and 
cerebrospinal meningitis; externally, as an appli¬ 
cation to the throat in diphtheria.— py-o-cy-a'nic, 
pertaining to the Bacillus pyocya'neus. — py-o-cy'- 
a-nine, the coloring*matter, Cj^Hj^NOj, produced 
from the Bacillus pyocya'neus. — pyo-cy-an-i- 
gen'ic, -cy-an-o-gen'ic, capable of producing pyo- 
CYANiNE. — pyo-cy-a-nol'y-sin, a haemolysin of 
cultures of the Bacillus pyocya'neus. — py'o-cyst, 
a cyst containing pus.— py-o-cys'tis, an encysted 
collection of purulent matter.— py'o-cyte, a pus- 
corpuscle. — pyo-der-ma-ti'tis, a skin disease 
caused by pyogenic infection.— py-o-der'mi a, in¬ 
fection of the skin by pus organisms, especially 
staphylococci. — pyodermite v^g^tante, Hallo- 
peau’s term for a chronic, progressive, pustular 
dermatitis which appears in excentric areas. [F.]— 
pyo-der-mi'tis, inflammation of the skin attended 
with the formation of pus.— pyo-di-ath'e-sis, a 
purulent diathesis.— py-osem'e-sis = pyemesis. — 
py-o-gan'gre-nous, both purulent and gangrenous, 
as P. inflammation. — py-o-gen'e-sis, the secretion 
or the formation of pus. tpyo-ge-net'ic or py- 
o-gen'ic, producing, secreting, or consisting of 
pus, as P. fever = pyjbmik: P. membrane, a thin, 
yellowish, flaky layer on the interior of the wall 
of an abscess separating the area in which lique¬ 
faction necrosis has taken place from the sur¬ 
rounding more healthy tissues, pyophylactic 
membrane: P. micro-organism, anypus=producing 
micro=organism, as the Streptocoe'eus pyog'enes: 
and P. peptonuria, peptonuria. — py-og'e-nin, 

a complex substance derived from pus-cells.— py- 
o-hae'mia = pyaemia. — py-o-hae-mo-tho'rax, col¬ 
lection of pus and blood in the pleural cavity.— 
py'oid, resembling pus.— py-ok'ta-nin, a crystal¬ 
line aniline dye: used as a microscopic stain and 


798 


PYO- 


799 


PYRAMID 


as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and analgesic in 
surgical, ophthalmiatric, and otiatric practice, in 
diseases of the nose and throat, gonorrhoea, the 
foot=and*mouth disease of cattle, etc. Dose in 
capsules, o.o6 to 0.3 Gm. (i to 5 grs.). It is also 
made up into pencils for marking the skin and 
for use in minor surgery. Pyoktanin is often con¬ 
founded with METHYL BLUE, METHYL VIOLET, and 
METHYLENE BLUE, and has erroneously been used 
as a synonym for each of these. A yellow variety 
or A uramin also is used. [ < pyo- + Krdveiv to kill.] 

— py'o-lymph, purulent lymph.— py-o-margi a, 
OMALGIA due to suppuration.— py-o-me'le = py- 
AULACOMELE. — py-o-me'tra, distention of the 
uterus with pus or lochial secretions.— pyo-ne- 
phri'tis, ulceration and inflammation of the kid¬ 
ney.— pyo-ne-phro'sis, the presence of pus in 
the kidney; a renal abscess fpy'o-ne-phrot'ic. — 
py'o-nex, a scarifying instrument; used to expel 
pus.— py-o-no'ma, a suppurating sore.— py’o- 
6ph-o-ri'tis, purulent oophoritis, tpyoso-oph- 
o-ro'sis. [TI 7.. j. ’07.] — pyoso-tor-rhoe'a, puru¬ 
lent aural discharge,— pyoso-va'ri um, ovarian 
abscess.— pyo-per-i-car-di'tis, purulent inflam¬ 
mation of the pericardium. —py’O-per-i-car'- 
dium, accumulation of pus in the pericardium. 

— pyo-per-i-to-ni'tis, suppurative inflammation 
of the peritoneum. — py-oph-thal'mi a, forma¬ 
tion of pus in the eye.— pyoph-thal-mi'tis, pu¬ 
rulent OPHTHALMIA. — pyo-phy-lac'tic, protecting 
against pus, as P. membrane, the membrane 
lining an abscess, regarded as preventing the 
spreading or burrowing of pus, in contradiction 
to the idea of it being a pus=producing or pyo- 
GENETic MEMBRANE. — py-o-pla'ni a, purulent in¬ 
filtration, — pyo-pneu*mo-per-i-car-di'tis, puru¬ 
lent inflammation of the pericardium with the 
formation of gas.— pyo-pneu’mo-per-i-car'di um, 
the presence of both pus and gas in the peri¬ 
cardium.— pyo-pneu'mo-per-i-to-ni'tis, peritoni¬ 
tis with the presence of pus and gas in the peri¬ 
toneal cavity.— pyo-pneu-mo-tho'rax, pneumo¬ 
thorax complicated with empyema, sometimes 
found on the under surface of the diaphragm 
{subphrenic p.). —pyo-poi-e'sis == pyogenesis. 
tpy-o-poi-e'tic. — py-op'ty-sis, spitting of puru¬ 
lent matter.— py-or-rhoe'a. i. The discharge of 
pus, as P. alveola'ris, suppuration of the gums 
attended with the formation of pockets of pus, 
looseness of teeth, and alveolar osteitis; alveolar 
pyorrhoea; Riggs’s disease; Fauchard’s disease; 
interstitial gingivitis: the daily washing out of 
the mouth with a weak solution of hydrogen per¬ 
oxide or Leary’s I. K. I. solution is an excellent 
prophylactic, and will retard the condition' when 
present. Goadby recommends the use of autog¬ 
enous vaccines. — pyor-thop-noe'a, orthopncea 
due to pyothorax.— pyo-sal-pin-gi'tis, purulent 
inflammation of the fallopian tube.— pyo-sal- 
pin'goso-oph-o-ri'tis, combined purulent oopho¬ 
ritis and SALPINGITIS. — py-o-sal'pinx, distention 
of the fallopian tube with purulent fluid, Sal¬ 
pingitis. — pyo-sa-prae'mi a, infection of the 
blood with purulent matter.— py-os'che-o-cele, 
suppurative oscheocele. — pyo-sep-ti-cae'mi a, 
combined pyemia and septicemia. — py-o'sis, 
the progress or formation of pus.— py-o-sper'ma- 
to-cyst, an accumulation of pus in a spermatic 
vesicle. — py-o-sta'tic, arresting suppuration. — 
py-o-tho'rax, collection of pus in the cavity of the 
thorax; empyema. P. hypophren'icus or sub- 
phren'icus, an abscess beneath the diaphragm 


incident to the presence of pus in the thorax.—• 
pyo=u-re'ter, the presence of pus in a ureter.— 
py-ox-an'thin, py-ox-an'those, a yellow coloring* 
matter in pus, produced by the oxidation of pyo- 
CYANiNE on exposure to the air.— py-o-ze'mi a, 
pyaemic intoxication. 2. Pertaining to milk: a 
combining form. [< rnilk.] py'o-scope, an 
instrument for measuring the fat in milk, 
py'ra. = Anthrax. [< nvp fire.] 
py'ra-cine. = Antipyrina*. 

pyr'a-mid. A conical eminence, Decussation 
OF THE PYRAMIDS. P. of the Cerebellum, the divi¬ 
sion of the inferior vermiform process of the cere¬ 
bellum immediately below the tuber. Ps. of 
Ferrein = Ferrein’s pyramids. P. of Lalouette, 

THYROID GLAND. P. of light = CONE OF LIGHT. 

Ps. of Malpighi = RENAL pyramids. Ps. of the 
medulla, the two anterior columns forming a part 
of the pyramidal tract; anterior pyramids. Ps. 
of the medulla, posterior, the gracile fasciculi. P. 
of the tympanum, the hollow elevation on the 


inner wall of the middle ear which contains the 
STAPEDIUS. Ps. of Wistar, the sphenoidal cornua. 

Sphenoturbinal BONE, 2. The petrous por¬ 
tion of the tem¬ 


poral bone; tem¬ 
poral p. [ < 
TTvpafilg.] tpy- 
ram'i-dal, relat¬ 
ing to a pyramid 
or formed like a 
pyramid, as P. 
angle, the ante¬ 
rior parietal an¬ 
gle of Quatre- 
fages; P. bodies 

= CORPORA PY- 
RAMIDALIA : P. 
bone, the cunei¬ 
form bone of the 
carpus; os pyra- 
midale: P. cata¬ 
ract, a large an¬ 
terior polar- 
cataract which 
projects into the 
anterior cham¬ 
ber of the eye: 
P. compress, ^ 

GRADUATED 
COMPRESS. P. 
decussation — 

DECUSSATION OF 

THE pyramids: 
P. lobe = pyra¬ 
mid OF THE cer¬ 
ebellum: p. 


Ctrebral rortea 



Diagram Showing Course and 
Decussation of Pyramidal 
Tract. —M. Medulla. P. Pons. 
CP. Cerebral peduncle. T 
Thalamus. C, L. Caudate and 
lenticular nuclei. CC. Corpus 
callosum, i. Cerebral cortex. 
2. Pyramidal tract. 3. Pyrami¬ 
dal decussation. 4. Lateral py¬ 
ramidal tract. (Piersol.) 


muscles, ts- pyramidalis: P. nucleus, the inner 
accessory olivary nucleus: P, process or tuber¬ 
osity, a process of the palate bone projecting 
backward and outward from the nasal plate: P. 
radiation, the fibres extending from the pyramidal 
tract to the cortex; P. skull, that form of the 
skull which Blumenbach terms Mongolian, and 
which is most characteristically seen in the Es¬ 
quimaux: P. tract, anterior, direct, or ventral, the 
division of the anterior column of the spinal cord 
which occupies the side of the anterior median 
fissure, descending to about the middle of the 
thoracic portion of the cord; Turck’s column: and 
P. tract, lateral or crossed, a division of the lateral 
column of the spinal cord whose upper extremity, 



















PYRAMIDALE 


800 


PYRO- 


entering the medulla oblongata, forms the decus¬ 
sation OF THE PYRAMIDS. 

py-ram-i-da'le. The cuneiform bone of the carpus, 
py-ram-i-da'lis. A muscle which assists the rectus, 
arising, from the pubis and inserted into the linea 
alba nearly half-way between the pubis and the 
umbilicus; P. abdominis; rectus externus. P. 
fem'oris = PYRiFORMis. P. na'rium, the levator 
LAB ii supERioRis AL^QUE NASI. P. na'si, a slip 
of the occipitofrontalis muscle which goes down 
over the nasal bones and blends with the com¬ 
pressor NARis; dorsalis narium; procerus, 
py-ram-i-dosan-te'ri or tract. = Pyramidal tract, 

DIRECT. 

py-ram'i-do-lat'e-ral tract. = Pyramidal tract, 

CROSSED. 

py-ram'i-don. An antipyrine derivative containing 
a dimethylamido*group; the antipyretic and 
anodyne action is said to be slower, but more 
lasting, than in the case of antipyrine. Dose, 

O. 3 Gm. (5 grs.). 

pyr'a-mis, pi. pyram'fdc5. = Pyramid. P. vestib'- 
uli, the pyramidal eminence of the vestibule, 
py'ran. = Pyrenol. 

py-ran'tin. An antipyretic and antirheumatic ob¬ 
tained by the action of succinic acid upon para* 
amidophenol; phenosuccin. 
py-rar'gy-rite. A sulphide of silver and antimony, 
py'ra-zine. i. A substance, C^H^No, made by dis¬ 
tilling piperazine with zinc dust. P. hexahydride 
= piperazine. 2. = Antipyrina*. 
py'ra-zol. A crystalline basic diuretic, CgH^Nj, 
whose derivatives act as paralyzants of the cen¬ 
tral nervous system. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). Va¬ 
rious derivatives are also known by this name, 
py-ra'zo-line. = Antipyrina*. 
py-rec'tic. Febrile; pyretic. 

py-rem'e-line. A substance with emetic properties 
obtained from impure creosote, 
py-re-nae'mi a. The presence of nucleated red blood* 
corpuscles in the blood. Vertebrate oviparous 
animals in which this condition exists are known 
as Pyrenae'mata. [< ■rtvptjv fruitsstone + a)pa 
blood.] 

py'rene. A crystalline hydrocarbon, CjgHjg, con¬ 
tained in coahtar oil and in tar. 
py-re'nin. The substance composing the nucleolus 
of a cell [< TTvpr/v fruit^stone.] 
py-re'noid. A small mass of proteid substance found 
in certain invertebrates and in algae, 
py-re'nol. A proprietary mixture of sodium ben¬ 
zoate, sodium salicylate, and free benzoic acid; 
pyran. 

py-re-nol'y-sis. [Tf Compi. rend. Ac. d. sc. ’ 03 .] 
py-re-te-ti-ol'o-gy. The etiology of fevers, 
pyr'e-thrine. An alkaloid from Pyrethrum*. 
py-re-thro'sine. A crystalline, bitter principle, 
C.j4H440,g, from the flowers of Chrysan'ihemunt 
cineraricefo' Hum. 

Pyr'ethrum*. i. A genus of composite plants. 
Nearly all of them are aromatic, stimulant, or 
vermifuge. 2. The U. S. P. name for the root of 
Anacy'clus pyr'ethrum. It is a powerful irritant, 
and is used as a sialagogue. Dose, 2 Gm. C30 grs.). 

P. car'neum and P. ro'seum furnish Persian insect 
powder. P. parthe'nium, feverfew, an exotic 
plant cultivated in gardens. It has bitter, tonic 
properties, and is used like chamomile. [< 
TTvpedpov pellitory.] 

py-ret'ic. i. Relating to fever; febrile. 2. A remedy 
for fever. [< Tzvperdg fever.] tPy“re-ti-co'sis, 
any febrile disease. 


py're-tine. A proprietary compound said at one 
time to cofitain acetanilide, 
py're-to-. Pertaining to fever; a combining form, 
[ < -Kvperoq fever.] pyre-to-ge-ne'si a, -gen'e-sis, 
the origin and formation of fever, fpy're-to- 
gen'ic; py-re-tog'e-nous. — py-re-tog'e-nine, a 
compound derived from bacterial cultures, said to 
produce fever in animals.— py-re-tog'ra-phy, a 
history or description of fever.— py-re-tol'o-gy, 
the science of fevers, their nature, causes, and 
distinctive characters. tpy-re-tol'o-gist. — py- 
re-tom'e-ter, a clinical thermometer.— Pyretoph'- 
orus costa'lis, an insect belonging to the Anophe- 
li'nce which may serve as an intermediate host 
for the malarial parasite.— pyret-oph-thal'mi a. 
I. Ophthalmia due to fever. 2. Fever compli¬ 
cated with ophthalmia.— pyre-to-ty-pho'sis = in¬ 
termittent FEVER. 

py-rex^i a, pi. -ce. The state of fever, as Post» 

typhoid p.: in the plural, febrile diseases. [< 

TTvpeaGELv, future irvpe^eiv to be feverish, to have 
a fever.] tpy-rex'ial, py-rex'ic, or py-rex'i-cal, 
febrile, as P. tincture = TmcT\jKK antiperiodica. 
pyr-go-ceph'a-ly. That state 
in which the vertex rises 
above the level of the skull. 

[< TTvpyog tower + Ke<j)a 7 j/ 
head.] 

pyr'i-cit. A disinfectant 

mixture of borofluorosides 

and sodium bisulphate, 
pyr'i-dine. A colorless liquid, 

C5H5N, obtained from the Pyridine Molecule. 
distillation of bones and 


7 

CH 

a CH CH 

a CH CH a ' 

\ ^ 

N 


1o-t* • iicorl 




-TV** 1 1 I o 4“ 






ma, and in aqueous solution as a wash in diph¬ 
theria and gonorrhoea. Dose, 0.3 to i Cc. (5 to 
15 mins.). The tannate, nitrate, and sulphate 
are the best known salts. 

pyr'i-form. Pear*shaped. P. aperture, the anterior 
opening of the nasal fossa in the skull. P. fascia, 
an extension of the obturator fascia covering 
the pyriformis muscle and the sacral plexus. 
P. muscle = PYRIFORMIS. P. sinus == SINUS pyri¬ 
formis. P. softening, ts- softening of the 
BRAIN. [Cipy'rus pear -f/or'ma form.] 

pyr-i-for'mis. A muscle arising from the anterior 
surface of the sacrum and the great sacrosciatic 
ligament and inserted into the upper border of 
the root of the trochanter major, rotating the 
thigh outward and also abducting it; pyramidalis; 
pyramidalis femoris; iliacus externus. 

py-rim'i-dene ring. [T[ B. M. J. ij. ’06, p. 1093.] 

py-ri'tes. Native compounds of metal with sulphur, 
as Iron pyrites, used in the preparation of sul¬ 
phuretted HYDROGEN. 

py'ro-. Pertaining or relating to fire or heat; often 
to fever: a combining form. [< nvp fire.] pyros 
a-ce'tic spirit. — Acetone, def. i. Naphtha. 
py-ro=ac'ids. The products obtained when cer¬ 
tain organic acids are subjected to the action of 
heat, as pyrosar-sen'ic acid and pyrosar'se-nous 
acid. — py-ro-bo'ric acid, an acid, HgB^O-, obtained 
by heating boric acid; tetraboric acid. tPy-ro- 
bo'rate, a salt of pyroboric acid; biborate.— py- 
ro-cat'e-chin, a crystallizable substance, CgH^- 
(OHjj, obtained by the dry distillation of catechu 
and other substances containing tannin; orthodi- 
oxyphenol: an antiperiodic, resembling resorcin in 
its physiological action and used in photography 
as a developer. tpy-ro-cat’e-chin-u'ri a. — py- 

ro-cafe-chin-sul-phon'ic acid = alkaptone. — 


PYRO- 


«01 


PYXIS 


py-ro-cit'ric acid = citraconic acid. — py'ro-coll, 
a compound, CjgHgNgOg, obtained by the dry 
distillation of gelatin.— py-ro-co'mane = PYRONE. 
tpy-ro-co-men'ic acid. — py-ro-dex'trin, a brown, 
tasteless, and odorless substance, C^gH^^Og^, pro¬ 
duced by heating dextrin. — py'ro-dine, a white 
powder possessing antipyretic properties; acetyl- 
phenylhydrazine; acetophenylhydrazine; hydra- 
cetin. Dose, o.i Gm. (i^ grs.).— py'ro-form, 
bismuth oxyiodide pyrogallol: used like pyro- 
GALLOL*. — py-ro-gal-lol*, py-ro-gal'lic acid, CeHg- 
(OHlg, a bitter triatomic phenol obtained chiefly 
by carefully heating gallic acid; syrpmetric tri- 
hydroxybenzene, CgH3(OH)3 [1:3:5]: much used 
in the treatment of cutaneous affections, as psori¬ 
asis, but upon absorption it may give rise to chills, 
diarrhcea, and even icterus (py-ro-gal'lo-lism) ; in 
photography, as a developer; and as a hair dye. 
P. disalicylate = saligallol. P. monosacetate 
= EUGALLOL. Oxidizcd p.,a more stable and less 
toxic product than pyrogallol. P. phthalein = 
GALLEiN. P. triacetate — lenigallol. tpy-ro- 
galflate, as Bismuth. — py-ro-gal-lo-py'rine, a com¬ 
bination of pyrogallol with antipyrine.— py'ro- 
gen. I. A substance which causes fever. 2. Any 
product of the action of heat on organic bodies. 
3 . The electric fluid, fpy-ro-gen'ic. — pyro-guai- 
ac'ic =GUAiACOL*. — py-ro-lig'ne ous acid, an acid, 
consisting of acetic acid mixed with empyreumatic 
oil and bitumen, obtained from the destruc¬ 
tive distillation of wood. P. spirit or alcohol = 

METHYL ALCOHOL. P. vinegar = WOOD VINEGAR. - 

py-ro-lith'ic acid = cyanuric acid. — py-rol'o-gy, 

that branch of science which treats of heat.— 
py-ro-ma'ni a, a psychosis, especially at puberty 
in those tainted with insanity, epilepsy, alcohol¬ 
ism, etc., marked by a propensity to acts of 
incendiarism, fpy-ro-ma'ni ac, one affected with 
pyromania.— py-rom'e-ter, an instrument for as¬ 
certaining those high degrees of heat to which the 
ordinary thermometer cannot be applied.— py-ro- 
mu'cic acid, a crystalline compound, C^HgO- 
COOH, formed by the oxidation of furfurol 
and in the dry distillation of mucic acid. — py- 
rone', a compound, CgH^Oo, formed by heating 
coMANic and chelidonic acids; pyrocomane.— 
py-ro'nin, a fluorescent substance used with 
methyl green in Pappenheim’s chromatin stain. 
— py-ron'o-my, the act of regulating fire in chemi¬ 
cal operations: also applied to the consideration 
of fire and its uses.— py-ro-pho'bi a, a mental 
affection in which there is an excessive or morbid 
dread of fire.— py-roph'o-rus, a mixture of cer¬ 
tain substances which ignite spontaneously when 
exposed to the air. tpy-ro-phor'ic. — py-ro-phos- 
phor'ic acid, a crystalline acid, (H202P0)20, ob¬ 
tained by heating phosphoric acid, and giving 
rise to salts known as py-ro-phos'phates. s^'Ferri 

PYROPHOSPHAS SOLUBILIS*'. SODII PYROPHOSPHAS*. 

py-ro-plas-mo'sis, Piroplasma. — py-rop-to- 
thy'mi a, a form of insanity in which the patient 
imagines himself enveloped in flame.— py-ro- 
punc'ture, puncturing with hot needles. — pyro- 
ra-cem'ic acid, a colorless liquid, CH3.CO.COOH, 
formed by the dry distillation of tartaric, ra¬ 
cemic and GLYCERIC acids; acetoformic acid.— 
py'ro-scope = pyrometer. — py'io-sin— erythro- 
sin. — py-ro'sis, a form of cardialgia characterized 
by pain with a burning sensation in the stomach, 
and copious eructation of a watery, insipid fluid; 
water-brash. ^ Acid dyspepsia. — Pyroso'ma, a 
genus of blood parasites, as the P. btgem'inum of 

51 


cattle. ^ Texas fever. — py-ro-sphy'ra, an in¬ 
strument formed like a hammer, heated or 
plunged into hot water and employed as a cau¬ 
tery to produce irritation or vesication. It has 
been extolled for use in vaccination, the blister 
produced being inoculated with the vaccine virus. 
— pyro-sul-phu'ric acid = disulphuric acid.— 
pyro-tar-tar'ic acid, a crystalline compound, 
CgHgO^, obtained by heating tartaric acid.— py- 
roth'o-nide, an oil formerly used in medicine, and 
made by the combustion of linen and cotton cloth 
in a copper vessel.— py-rot'ic, having the power 
to burn; caustic.— py-ro-tox'in, a toxic agent of 
bacterial origin developing without proteid reac¬ 
tion, in the course of febrile diseases, or when 
obtained from cultures of various organisms, in 
itself capable of causing elevation of temperature 
in animals injected with it; bacterial fever poison, 


(3 CH—CH ,3' 


a CH CH a' 


NH 

Pyrrhol Mole¬ 
cule. 


H 


H—C- 


H 


-C—H 


— py-rosu'ric acid = cyanuric acid. — pyro- 
va-nad'ic acid vanadic acid. — py-rox-an'- 
thin, a yellow, crystalline substance, CjgHjgOg, oc¬ 
curring in crude wood^tar; ehlanin. — py-rox-yl'ic 
spirit = PYROLIGNEOUS SPIRIT. — py-rox'y-lin, py- 
rox-y-li'num*, soluble gun=cotton, prepared from 
purified cotton, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, alcohol, 
ether, and water, and consisting chiefly of cellu¬ 
lose tetranitrate, Ci2Hjg(0N02)40g; collodion cot¬ 
ton; colloxylin: it should be kept in cartons, 
well protected from light and fire, Collo- 
DiuM*. py'ro-zole, a propri¬ 
etary coabtar preparation 
having antiseptic properties. 

— py'ro-zone, a proprietary 
preparation of hydrogen per¬ 
oxide: said to be rendered 
more stable by the addition 
of ether. ^ Aqua hydro- 
genii DIOXIDI. 

pyr'rhol, pyr'rol. A liquid sub¬ 
stance, C4H5N or C4H4(NH), obtained from coab 
tar and by the distillation of organic substances. 
P. tetriodide = iodolum*. 
pyr-rol'i-din. A derivative, C4- 
HgN, of pyrrhol. t^'Pyrroli- 
dinscarboxylic acid = PROLiN. 
pyr'ro-lin. An oily liquid, C4- 
HgNH, formed when pyrrhol 
is treated with zinc dust and 
acetic acid. 

py-ru'ric acid. =Cyanuric 

ACID. 

Py'rus. A genus of rosaceous 

trees, including the apple, pear, quince, etc. [L.] 
py-tho-gen'ic, py-tho-ge-net'ic, py-thog'e-nous. 
Produced by putrefaction or filth; saprogenic, as 
P. = typhoid fever: and P. pneumonia, 

[< TTvOetv to rot-1-yep PUP to produce.] 
py-ul'con. An exhausting syringe for extracting 
pus from a cavity. [ < ttvov pus+ elK£iv to draw.] 
py-u'ria. The presence of pus in the urine, indi¬ 
cating suppuration in some part of the genito* 
urinary tract. It occurs in organic affections of 
the bladder, as cystitis, and in systemic diseases 
as typhoid fever. Its amount may be deter¬ 
mined (Posner) either by counting the corpuscles 
with a haemocytometer or by pouring the urine 
into a beaker until a printed page under it can 
no longer be read, when the depth will indicate 
roughly the amount of the pyuria. Miliary p., 
pyuria in which the urine contains miliary bodies 
consisting of bloods and pusscells and epithelium, 
pyx'is. A pilbbox. [< ttHic a box of box*wood.] 


H—C—N—C—H 


H H 11 

Pyrrolidin Mole¬ 
cule. 



Q 802 QUADRI- 

Q 


Q. Abbr. for electrical quantity. 

Q.d. Abbr. for L. qua'ter in di'e, four times in 
each day. 

Q.h. Abbr. for L. qua'que ho'ra, every hour. 

Q.l. Abbr. for L. quan'tum li'bei, as much as you 
please. 

Q.p. Abbr. for L. quan'tum pla'cet {pla'ceat), as 
much as you please; at will. 

Q.q. Abbr. for L. qua'que, each or every; quo'que, 
also. 

Q.q.h. or Quaq. quart, hor. Abbr. for L. qua'que 
quar'ta ho'ra, every fourth hour. 

Q.r. Abbr. for L. quan'titas rec'ia, proper quantity, 
meaning when written on a prescription that the 
given dose of an active drug is the one intended 
by the prescriber: used when an exceptionally 
large or unusual dose is given. 

Q.s. Abbr. for L. quan'tum suf'ficit, as much as 
sulhces; a sufficient quantity: used in prescrip¬ 
tions for the vehicle, which is added until a 
given bulk or weight is obtained. It is often fol¬ 
lowed by ad, up to, the name of the vehicle 
being in the genitive as: R aquae q. s. ad f 5 iv, 
take as much water as suffices for 4 fluid ounces. 

Q.v. Abbr. for L. quan'tum vis, as much as you 
will; L. quod vi'de, which see. 

Qt. Abbr. for quart. 

auack. i. One who brags inordinately of his ability 
to do what other people may or may not be able 
LO accomplish, but which does 
not necessarily imply want 
of knowledge or of skill. 2. 

A medical charlatan; a 
quack'sal-ver. Q. medicine, 
a secret medicine exploited 
as possessing greater thera¬ 
peutic efficacy than it really 
does, tfluack'e-ry, “mean or 
bad acts in physic,” compre¬ 
hending not only the absurd 
impostures of ignorant pre¬ 
tenders, but also unbecom¬ 
ing acts of professional men 
themselves; Charlatanry. Quacksalver 

quad-ran'gu-lar lobe. =Quad- (From an old print.) 

RATE CONVOLUTION. Q. lob- 

ule = QUADRATE LOBULE. Q. membrane = MEM- 

BRANA QUADRANGULARIS*. 

quad'rant anopsia. A sector defect of the eye with 
blindness limited to a portion of the visual field 
and due to cortical disease. Q. electrometer, an 
instrument divided into 90° for estimating the 
quantity of static electricity. Q. of Wilder = 
Wilder’s quadrant. 

quad'rate. Made square. Q. artery, one of the 
cortical branches of the anterior cerebral artery 
to the QUADRATE CONVOLUTION. Q. Cartilages, 
accessory, a pair of small cartilages embedded in 
the fibrous tissue of the nose above the lower 
lateral cartilage. Q. convolution or gyrus, a con¬ 
volution on the median surface of the parietal 
lobe of the cerebrum, bounded anteriorly by the 
callosomarginal fissure and posteriorly by the 
parietosoccipital fissure, and continuous below 
with the fornicate convolution; preecuneus* Q. 


line, an eminence on the femur extending from 
about the middle of the posterior intertro¬ 
chanteric line vertically downward for about two 
inches along the posterior surface of the shaft. 
Q. lobe of liver, an oblong division of the under 
surface of the liver, between the gall-bladder and 
the longitudinal and transverse fissures; lobus 
quadratus*. Q. lobule of the cerebellum, the 
lobule upon the upper surface of the cerebellum 
including the anterior and posterior crescentic 
lobes; lobulus quadrangularis*. Q. muscle, fy 
QUADRATUS. Q. pronator = pronator radii 
QUADRATUS. 

quad-rat'ic system. = Dimetric system of crys¬ 
tallization. 

quad-rat-i-pro-na'tor. A name for pronator radii 

QUADRATUS. 

quad-ra'tus. Quadrate; of a square figure: ap¬ 
plied to certain muscles, from their shape. Q. 
dor'si == Q. lumborum. Q. fem'oris. a muscle 
arising from the outer border of the tuberosity 
of the ischium and inserted into a ridge leading 
from the great trochanter; M. quadratus fem- 
oris*: it rotates the thigh outward. Q. ge'nae, 
the muscle otherwise called depressor labii in- 
ferioris and platysma myoides. Q. la'bii inferio'- 
ris = DEPRESSOR LABII iNFERioRis. Q. la'bii su- 
perio'ris, the combined levator labii superioris 
alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, and zygo- 
maticus minor muscles; M. quadratus labii su¬ 
perioris*. Q. lumbo'rum, a muscle arising from 
the crest of the ilium and inserted into the last 
rib and the tips of the transverse processes of the 
first four lumbar vertebrae; M. quadratus lumbo¬ 
rum*: it inclines the loins to one side. Q. men'ti 
= DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS. Q. plantae, the 
quadrate muscle of the sole of the foot; M. quad¬ 
ratus planta*. Q. prona'tor or ra'dii = pronator 
RADII QUADRATUS. [L.] 

quad-re-quiv'a-lent. = Quadrivalent. 

quad'ri-. Denoting four; four times: a combining 
form. [<. h. quat'uor ioviX.} quad-ri-ba'sic, hav¬ 
ing four replaceable hydrogen atoms.— quad'ri- 
ceps exten'sor fem'oris, the powerful extensor 
muscles of the anterior aspect of the thigh, con¬ 
sisting of the rectus, crureus, and internal and 
external vasti, considered as a single four-headed 
muscle; M. quadriceps jemoris*. Q. su'rae, the 
gastrocnemius externus and internus, soleus and 
plantaris, combined as one muscle.— quad-ri- 
cip'i-tal, having four heads: said of muscles.— 
quad-rif'o-rous, provided with four openings. 
— quad-ri-gem'i-na = corpora quadrigemina*. 
tquad-ri-gem'i-nal; quad-ri-gem'i-nous, as Q. 
artery, a«/m'or = pre-optic artery: Q. artery, 
mcdtan = MEDioPTic artery: Q. lamina or layer 
= LAMINA QUADRiGEMiNA*: Q. pulse, a pulse in 
which every fourth beat is absent : and Q. tubercle, 
the posterior tubercles of the corpora quadri- 
GEMiNA*. — quad-ri-lat'e-ral lamina = c l i v u s 
BLUMENBACHi. — quad-ri-lo'bar brain, a brain 
with four hemispheres. — quad-ri-mam-ma'tus, 
four-breasted.— quad-rip'a-ra, a woman who has 
borne four children; IV-para. Multipara. 
tquad-ri-par'i-ty. quad-rip'a-rous.— quad-ri-ple'- 




QUENU’S OPERATION 


803 


QUADROON 

gia = TETRAPLEGIA. ’o8.] quad-ri-punc'- 

tate, having four points.— quad'ri-sect, to divide 
into four parts, tquad-ri-sec'tion.— quad'ri-ster- 
nal = QUARTisTERNAL.— quad-riv'a-lcnt, having 
a valency of four. 

quad-roon'. The child of a white person and a 
MULATTO. 

Quadru'mana. An order of mammals including 
such monkeys, lemurs, etc., as have an opposable 
thumb on each of the four limbs, 
quad'ru-ped. A four=footed animal, 
quad'ru-ple. Fourfold. Q. amputation, amputa¬ 
tion of all four extremities. Q. ligature, a liga¬ 
ture consisting of two double ligatures passed at 
right angles, as through a naevus, and tied in four 
sections, to produce strangulation, 
quad'ru-plet. One of four children born at a single 
birth. 

quad'ru-plex pills. =Pilul.e quadruplices. 
quad-ru'rate. cs” Urate. 

Quaglino’s operation (cwal-yi'noz). An operation 
for sclerotomy, made by incising the sclera and 
the insertion of a small spatula to prevent pro¬ 
lapse. 

qua'i. An ordeal poison related to akazga and 
SKAGU. 

quail disease. An infectious disease of the grouse 
family caused by a microbe of the B. cult group 
and characterized by congestion of the lungs, 
focal necrosis of the liver, and intestinal ulcera¬ 
tion. 

Quain’s fatty heart (cw^nz). Fatty heart in which 
the fatty tissue replaces the muscular fibre. Q.’s 
stethometer, stethometer. 

Qua'ker’s black drop. Vinegar of opium. Qf s 
buttons, seeds of nux vomica, 
qual'i-ta-tive, qual'i-tive. Pertaining to quality. 
Q. analysis, ANALYSIS. Q. atrophy, degenera¬ 
tion of tissue combined with atrophy. Q. percep¬ 
tion of light, Q. vision, that amount of vision 
which enables one to distinguish objects, 
ly Quantitative vision. [< L. qual'itas, fr. 
qua'Its of what sort.] 

quam li'bet. As much as you please. [L.] 
quan-tim'e-ter. A device for measuring the dosage 
in administering the X-rays, 
quan'ti-ta-tive. Relating to quantity. Q. analysis, 
analysis. Q. atrophy, simple atrophy. Q. 
perception of light, Q. vision, that amount of 
vision which just enables one to distinguish light 
from darkness. [< L. quan'litas, fr. quan'tus how 
much.] 

quan-tiv'a-lence. = Atomicity, fquan-tiv'a-lent. 
quan'tum li'bet. As much as you please: a phrase 
used in prescriptions and often abbreviated q. 1. 
[L.] 

quan'tum suf'ficit, suflS'ciat, or sa'tis. As much as 
suffices: a phrase used in prescriptions and often 
abbreviated q. s. [L.] 
qua'que hora. Every hour; abbr. q. h. [L.] 
quar'an-tine. i. The period during which vessels 
from infected or suspected ports are debarred 
from entering into a healthy one, and from land¬ 
ing their goods, crew, or passengers, unless to be 
confined in a lazaretto; or the detention and isola¬ 
tion, at a frontier or other place, of persons, for a 
sufficient time to cover the incubation period of 
the suspected disease. 2. To put in quaran¬ 
tine. Q. period, the time necessary after an at¬ 
tack of a disease to render the disease innocuous. 
[< It. quaran'ta forty, because originally it lasted 
forty days.] 


quart. A measure of capacity for liquids equiva¬ 
lent to 32 fluidounces or the fourth part of a 
gallon. 

quar'tan. Occurring on the fourth day and every 
third day thereafter, i. e., on the fourth, seventh, 
tenth, etc., days. Q. ague or malaria, an inter¬ 
mittent form of malaria in which the paroxysms 
recur on the fourth day, and then every third 
day, leaving between them an interval of two 
days. Double q., a fever marked by two distinct 
sets of paroxysms, each set recurring like a single 
quartan. [< L, quarta'na, quartan ague, fr. 
quar'tus fourth.] 
quar'tane. = Butane. 

quart-en-yl'ic acid. A liquid substance, C^HgOj, 
found in crude wood vinegar; isocrotonic acid, 
quar'terscrack. Fissure of the hoof on the inside 
of the forefoot of the horse, 
quar'terse-vil. An infectious disease of cattle, char¬ 
acterized by hemorrhage into the subcutaneous 
areolar tissue of the limbs and the presence of the 
Bacil'lus fe'seri] quartersill; blacksleg; black* 
quarter; symptomatic anthrax; bloody murrain; 
black spaul: a vaccine should be used, 
quar-tip'a-ra. = Quadripara. fquar-tip'a-rous. 
quar-ti-ster'nal. The fourth segment of the fetal 
sternum, fquar-ti-ster'num. 
quar'to-nal. A proprietary mixture of tonols. 
Glycerophosphate. 

quas-sa'tion. In pharmacy, the act of reducing 
roots and tough barks to particles to facilitate 
the extraction of their active principles. [< L. 
quassa're to shake or shatter.] 
qr vssia* (cwash'ia). r. A genus of simarubaceous 
trees. 2. The U. S. P. name for the wood of Pic- 
ras'ma excel'sa, Jamaica quassia, or Q. anta'ra, 
Surinam quassia. Quassia has in the highest 
degree all the properties of the simple or pure 
bitters. As a tonic, it increases the powers of the 
digestive organs, without damaging the circula¬ 
tory system. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). Ex- 
tractum QUASSI.E*; fluidextractum quassia*; 
tinctura QUASSI.E*. Jquas'sic acid and quas'- 
sine are found in quassia. 

qua-ter'na-ry. i. Composed of four elements. Q. 
structure or union, a chemical union of four ele¬ 
ments. 2. Fourth, as Q. stage of a disease. Q. 
scrofula, tuberculosis of the viscera. 

Quatrefages's angle (ca-trf-fazh'fz). An angle formed 
by lines drawn through the extremities of the 
transverse bizygomatic diameter and the max¬ 
imum transverse frontal diameter. Q.’s law. The 
law that parthenogenetic generations of a species 
cannot succeed one another indefinitely without 
a sexual cycle. 

quat'u-or pills. =PiLULiE quadruplices. 
queb-ra-bun'da. = Straddling disease. 
quebracho bark (c^-bra'tsho). The bark of Aspido- 
sper'ma quebra'cho^hlanco, an apocynaceous tree, 
of Chile, containing the alkaloids, que-bra'chine 
and que-bra'cho-mine; White q., to distinguish 
it from Red q., or Loxoptery'giunt lorent'zi. The 
bark is tonic and very bitter: used as an anti- 
periodic, and is highly commended as a remedy 
in cardiac and asthmatic dyspnoea, 
queen of the meadow. = Spiraea ulmaria. 
queen’s root. = Stillingia*. 

Que-nu’s operation. An operation for empyema 
devised by Quenu, done by simply dividing the 
ribs without resection, in order to facilitate re¬ 
traction of the chests wall; quen-u-thor'a-co- 
plas-ty. 


QUER^SCITRINE 804 QUINAPHENIN 


quer-ae-scit'rine. A yellow, crystalline coloring mat¬ 
ter, C4iH^g025, from the leaves and nuts of the 
horse=chestnut. 

quer-ci-me'ric acid. A colorless, cry.stalline sub¬ 
stance, CgHgOg, formed in various ways, as by 
the action of melted potash on quer-ce'tic acid, 
quer'cine. A bitter, crystalline substance, CgHg- 
(OH)g, found in oak bark and acorns, 
quer-ci-tan'nic acid. Tannic acid obtained from 
oak bark. 

quer'cite, quer'ci-tol. A sweet, crystalline sub¬ 
stance, CgH7(OH)5, found in acorns; acorn=sugar; 
oak sugar: probably identical with mannitan. 

O.AK SUGAR. 

quer'ci-tine. Yellow crystals extracted from heath¬ 
er and tea; flavine; meletine. 
quer'ci-trin. A glucoside, C3gH.jg02o, contained in 
quer'ci-tron, the bark of the Quer'cus Hncto'ria or 
black oak. 

Quer'cus*. i. The oak. 2. The U. S. P. name for 
the dried bark of the Quer'cus al'ba collected from 
trunks or branches 10 to 25 years of age, and de¬ 
prived of the periderm. It is astringent and 
tonic, and has been used in the treatment of 
malaria. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). Q. al'ba, the 
1890 U. S. P. term for quercus*. Q. infecto'ria, 
the tree which yields the gall=nuts of commerce. 
Q. ro'bur, the most valuable British oakstree; 
Quer'cus pcduncula'ta. A decoction of the acorns 
is reputed efficacious against dysentery and colic. 
Q. su'ber, the cork oak, a tree growing in South¬ 
ern Europe, the bark of which constitutes the 



Microscopic Section of Quercus Suber (Cork). 


spongy, semi*elastic substance known in com¬ 
merce as cork. Q. tincto'ria, the quercitron oak; 
black oak; also the name of its bark. Its 
medical properties are similar to those of the 
bark of Quer'cus al'ba, but it is very rarely used 
as it is more apt to irritate the bowels, 
Quercitrin. 

quer'u-lent mania. A form of depressive insanity 
marked by reckless and purposeless following up 
of lawsuits, sr Litigious insanity. 

Quevenne’s iron (ce-v^nz). Iron reduced by hy¬ 
drogen. 

quick. Alive: used as a noun to denote especially 
the living tissue beneath the nail in contradis¬ 
tinction to the dead homy material of the nail 
itself. Q. anatomy — vivisection. Q. consump¬ 
tion = galloping consumption. Q. pulse, a pulse 
which has a quick or sudden beat, though the 
interval between the beats may be of usual 
length; pulsus celer: seen especially in aortic re¬ 
gurgitation. Sphygmograph ; watershammer 

PULSE. 

quick'en-ing. A popular name of that period of ges¬ 
tation when the motion of the foetus is first per¬ 


Q. cavity in tu- 


ceptible. This generally occurs about the eigh¬ 
teenth week, tflufck'en. 

quick'ine. A solution of i part of carbolic acid and 
part of mercuric chloride in 100 parts of 
diluted alcohol. 

quick'lime. Unslaked or unquenched lime; cal¬ 
cium oxide. 

quick'sil-ver. = Mercury. 

quick'water. A solution of mercuric nitrate. ^ 
Liquor hydrargyri nitratis*. 

qui-es'cent. Quiet ; at rest, as a 
berculosis. 

qui'et disease. Hip=joint dis¬ 
ease of children in which the 
symptoms are not strongly 
marked and the disease is apt 
to be overlooked. Q. necro¬ 
sis, the slow, inflammatory 
separation of free bodies in 
joints. (Paget.) 

quill or quilled suture. An in¬ 
terrupted suture with double 
thread, and the loops drawn 
over a quill or other roll. 

quil-la'ja*, quil-la'i a, quil-la'ya. 

Soap bark, the dried bark of 
Quilla'ja sapona'ria deprived 
of the periderm. From it 
are obtained quil-la'ic acid 
and quil-la'in = SAPONIN. It 
is used as a substitute for 
soap, and is reputed to be 
febrifuge and diuretic. Dose, 

I to 2 Gm. (4 to 4 tlr.). Fluidextractum 
QUILLAJ^*; tinctura quillaj^*. 

quilt or quilted suture. A continuous suture in 
which a stitch is taken, the thread tied, and 
the needle inserted upon 
the side from which it 
emerged to take a stitch 
in the opposite direction ; 
mattress suture. The 
term is also used for a 
mattress suture in 
which successive loops dip 
into or out of the skin 
or other surface which 
is sutured, m- Lembert 
suture. 

qui'na do cam'po. “Cin¬ 
chona of the plain.” The 
bark of Strych'nos pseudo- 
qui'na, used in Brazil as 
a substitute for cinchona. 



Quillaja. Show¬ 
ing Raphides of 
Calcium Oxa¬ 
late. 


Q. no'va, the bark of 



Quilt or Mattress 
Suture. 


Ladenber'gia oblongiflo'ra, 
a rubiaceous plant with¬ 
out quinine or cinchonine. [T[ Lt. ’08.] 
quin-ac'e-tin. A chemical antipyretic and anodyne. 
Dose. 0.32 Gm. (5 grs.). 

qui-nal'din. A liquid compound, CjqH,,N, produced 
by treating aniline with paraldehyde and hydro¬ 
chloric acid; methylquinolin. ffluin-al-din'ic acid, 
a crystalline compound, CsHgN.COoH. 
quin-am'ine. An alkaloid, from cin¬ 

chona, from which qui-nam'i-cine and quin-am'i- 
dine are produced artificially, 
quin-a-phen'in. The quinine carbonic ester of 
phenetidin; chinaphenin: said to combine the 
antiperiodic properties of quinine with the anal¬ 
gesic power of phenacetin. Dose, 0.3 to 0.6 Gm. 
(5 to 10 grs.). Aristoquinine. 





























































QUINAPHTHOL 805 QUININIC ACID 


qui-naph'thol. Quinine metanaphtholmonosulpho- 
nate; chinaphthol; used in typhoid, intesti¬ 
nal tuberculosis, etc. Dose, 0.3 to i Gm. (5 to 
15 grs.). 

qui-na-qui'na. = Cinchona*. 

qui-na-sep'tol. A complex chemical compound used 
as an internal disinfectant; diaphtol; chinaseptol. 
quin'ate. A salt of quinic acid, as lithium q., pi¬ 
perazine q., and urotropine q. 
quince. A rosaceous tree, Cydo'nia vulga'ris, and 
its fruit. The seeds {Quince^seed, cydo'nium) 
furnish a mucilage used as a demulcent and as a 
hairsdressing. [< L. cydo'nius.] 

Quin'cke’s capillary pulse or symptom. A capillary 
pulse with blanching of the fingersnails at each 
diastole of the heart; naibpulse: seen in aortic 
insufficiency. Q.’s disease or oedema, giant urtica¬ 
ria ; urticaria oedematosa; angioneurotic oedema; 
acute circumscribed oedema. Q.’s lumbar (spinal) 
puncture, puncture of the spinal membranes in the 
lumbar region, in order to remove cerebrospinal 
fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. 
IS-Lumbar puncture. 

quin'i a. The old U. S. P. name for quinina*. 
quin'ic acid. A crystalline acid, C^HjjOg, found in 
cinchona; kinic acid. e^Quinate. Q. fever = 

QUININE FEVER. 

qui-nic'ia. =Quinoidine. 

quin'i-cine. An alkaloid isomeric with quinine, and 
obtained from it by the action of heat, 
qui-ni-di'nae sul'phas. Quinidine sulphate, the 
neutral sulphate of an alkaloid prepared from 
different species of Cinchona. The dose should 
be slightly larger than that of quinine, 
qui'ni-dine. An alkaloid, C20H24N2O2, obtained from 
the bark of various species of Cinchona: isomeric 
with quinine. Q. sulphate = quinidine sul¬ 
phas. 

qui-nim'e-try. The quantitative estimation of the 
alkaloids in Cinchona. 

qui-ni'na*, gen. -n^. =c Quinine. ^Ferri et 

QUININ.E CITRAS*; FERRI ET QUININ.® CITRAS 
SOLUBILIS*. 

qui-ni'nae bisul'phas*. Quinine bisulphate, C2aH24- 
N2O2.H2SO4 + 7H2O, a colorless, crystalline sub¬ 
stance, possessing great advantages in solubility 
over the ordinary sulphate. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 
grs.). Q. hydrobro'mas, quinine hydrobromate, 
the 1890U. S. P. name for Q. hydrobromidum*. 
Q. hydrobro'midum*, quinine hydrobromide, 
C2oH24N202.HBr-hH20, a colorless, crystalline 
substance, well fitted for hypodermic injection 
because of its ready solubility. Dose, 0.25 Gm. 
(4 grs.). Q. hydrochlo'ras, quinine hydrochlorate, 
the 1890 U. S. P. name for Q. hydrochloridum*. 
Q. hydrochlo'ridum*, quinine hydrochloride, 
C20H24N2O2.HCL4-2H2O, a white, crystalline sub¬ 
stance, soluble in one part of boiling water: used 
like the sulphate. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). Q. 
salicy'las*, quinine salicylate, 2 C23H24N202.C7He- 
Oj-l-HjO, occurring in colorless needles. Dose, 
0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). Q. suFphas*, quinine sulphate, 
(C2 oH 24N202)2.H2S04 + 7H20, a white crystalline 
substance, soluble in 720 parts of water, 86 parts 
of alcohol, and 400 parts of chloroform at 25° C. 
(77° F.), very soluble in ether. Quinine sulphate 
appears to possess essentially the same medical 
properties as Peruvian bark, without being so 
apt to nauseate or oppress the stomach. In large 
doses it sometimes produces serious or dangerous 
cerebral, ocular, and aural disturbances, and has 
occasionally proved fatal. It is used as a tonic, 


antiperiodic, antipyretic, and uterine stimulant. 
It is considered the most efficient known remedy 
for malarial diseases. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). 
Q. valeria'nas, the 1890 U. S. P. name for quinine 
valerianate, C2oH24N202-f-C5HjQ02 +HgO, soluble 
in about 100 parts of cold water and in i part of 
boiling alcohol: intended to combine the actions of 
quinine and valerian, and used as a nervous stimu¬ 
lant or antispasmodic. Dose, 0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). 
quinine (cwmTn or cwai'nain). An important alka¬ 
loid, C20H24N2O2 + 3H2O, obtained from the bark 
of different species of Cinchona. It is an odorless 
white, flaky, or microscrystalline powder, slightly 
efflorescent in the air, and having a very bitter 
taste. Quinine irritates the mucous membranes, 
possesses active germicidal properties; is elimi¬ 
nated chiefly through the kidneys; increases car¬ 
diac pressure, followed, if the dose be large, by a 
fall in the arterial pressure, stimulates the uterine 
contractions during labor, but per se does not 
produce an abortion ; decreases the elimination of 
uric acid; and possesses marked antiperiodic 
properties. For its toxic effects, see quinine 
FEVER and QuiNiNisM. Quinine is a febrifuge, 
tonic, oxytocic, and antiperiodic. Dose, 0.25 Gm. 
(4 grs.). In the treatment of malarial fever much 
larger doses must be administered. Among the 
large number of salts and compounds, other than 
those given below, may be mentioned the acetate, 
acetylsalicylate, albuminate, ammonium citrate, 
anisate, antimonate, arsenate, arsenite, benzoate, 
bitartrate, borate, borosalicylate, bromate, cacody- 
late, camphorate, carbonate, chlorate, cinnamate, 
citrosalicylate, dihydriodide, dihydrobromide, 
dihydrochloride, diiodate, eosolate, ethylsul- 
phate, ferrichloride, ferricyanide, ferrochloride, 
ferrocyanide, formate, gallate, glycerinophos- 
phate, glycyrrhizinate, hydriodide, hydrochloro- 
phenate, hydrochlorophosphate, hydrochlorosul- 
phate, hydrofluoride, iodate, iodohydriodide, 
iodosulphate, lactate, lactophosphate, methyl- 
arsenate, nitrate, oxalate, peptonate, phenate, 
phenosulphonate, phosphate, phthalate, quinate, 
santonate, stearate, succinate, sulphotartrate, 
tannate, tartrate, thiosulphate, and urate. There 
are also many compounds, as q. and antipyrine, 
q. and antipyrine valerate, q. and chocolate, q. 
and uranium chloride, q. and urea hydrochloride, 
etc. Q. amblyopsia or amaurosis, a variety of 
blindness, sometimes seen after taking quinine. 
Q. bisulphate = QuiNiN.® bisulphas*. Q. citrate, 
a mixture of quinine and citric acid, with proper¬ 
ties similar to those of the sulphate. Q. fever, 
fever attended with a cutaneous eruption, pro¬ 
duced by an overdose or excessive use of quinine. 
Q. hydrobromide = QUiNiN.® hydrobromidum*. 
Q. hydrochloride = QUiNiN® hydrochloridum*. 
Q. lygosinate, a valuable dusting powder, used as 
in staphylococcic infection. Q. oleate, a prepa¬ 
ration of one part of quinine with three parts of 
oleic acid: used for inunction. Q. phosphate, 
fine, white needles, (C2oH24N202)2.H2P04-|-8H20: 
used in the preparation of syrupus ferri, qui- 
NiN® ET strychnin® phosphatum*. Q. poison- 
ing, QUININE fever; quininism. Q. salicylate 
=:QUININ® SALICYLAS*. Q. SUlphate = QUININ® 
SULPHAS*. Q. and urea hydrochloride, a haemo¬ 
static anaesthetic in 1% solution. Q. valerate, 
Q. valerianate = quinin® valerianas. 
qui-nin'ic acid. An oxidation compound, C9H5- 
(0CH)3N.C00H, obtained from quinine and 
quinidine. Iqui-nin'ate. 


OtJlUlNlgM 806 OtJOTl£Nt 


quin'in-ism. Systemic disturbances caused by large 
doses, or by smaller doses in susceptible indi¬ 
viduals, or by the continued use of quinine or 
its salts. There is special action on the periph¬ 
eral sense organs, with production of buzzing 
in the ears, amblyopia, eruptions, cephalalgia, 
giddiness, delirium, meningitis, convulsions, col¬ 
lapse, etc. The term cinchonism is usually ap¬ 
plied to the effect upon the nervous system. Qui¬ 
nine FEVER. 

qui'nin-ize. To bring under the influence of quin¬ 
ine ; to treat with quinine, 
qui-no'dine. An alkaloidal substance formed in 
animal bodies and having blue fluorescence like 
quinine sulphate. 

quin'o-form. A compound of quinine and formal¬ 
dehyde: used in chronic enteritis, typhoid, etc. 
qui-noi'dine. A mixture of alkaloids, mostly 
amorphous, obtained as a by=product in the 
manufacture of the crystallizable alkaloids from 
cinchona; chinoidine. It is an antiperiodic. 
Dose, 0.12 to I Gm. (2 to 15 grs.). The tan- 
nate and borate are also used, Animal qui- 

NOIDINE. 

qui'nol. Chinoline monohypochlorite, CgHgNClO. 
A white, crystalline powder, used as an analgesic 
and antipyretic. Dose, 0.2 to 0.3 Gm. (3 to 5 grs.). 
quin'o-line. An alkaloid, C^H^N; chinoline; leuco- 
line. It may be prepared from quinine or from 
various coabtar products. It is antiseptic, anti¬ 
periodic, and antipyretic, and used in preserving 
anatomical specimens. Dose, i to 2 Cc. (15 to 
30 mins.). The salicylate, sulphate, tartrate, and 
other salts, are also used. C. monohypochlorite 

= QUINOL. 

qui-no-lin'ic acid. A synthetic acid, CgH3(C02H)2N. 
qui-nol'o-gy. The science of, or a treatise on, 
quinine and other alkaloids of cinchona. tq^i- 
nol'o-gist. 

qui'none. A product, CgH^Oj, obtained by treating 
kinic acid with dilute sulphuric acid, 
quin-o-py'rine. An antimalarial preparation com¬ 
posed of 3 parts of quinine and 2 parts of anti- 
pyrine. Dose, 0.3 to 1.6 Gm. (5 to 25 grs.). 
quin'o-ral. A liquid preparation which contains 
quinine and chloral. Dose, 0.06 to i Gm. (i to 
IS grs.). 

quin'o-sol. Potassium oxyquinolinesulphonate: a 
powerful antiseptic and deodorizer. Externally 
applied in i to 5000 to i to 500 solution; inter¬ 
nal dose, 0.06 to 0.3 Gm. (i to 5 grs.). 
quin-o-tan'nic acid. Tannic acid found in cinchona 
bark. 

qui-no'tine. =Quinodine. 
quin-o-va'tine. = Aricine. 

qui-no'vic acid. A feebly tonic acid, crystalline 
compound derivable from cinchona, 
qui'no-vin. A bitter glucoside, CggH^gOg, from cin¬ 
chona; kinovin. 

quin-ox'a-lin. Any one of a series of crystalline 
compounds with the formula CgHgNj. 
qui-nox'im. A derivative of phenol; nitrosophenol. 
Quinquaud’s disease (cah-coz). = Folliculitis 
DECALVANS. Q.’s panaris, a neuropathic disease 
similar to Morvan’s disease but differing in that 
it is painful and does not usually entail necrosis 
of the phalanges. Q.’s plaster, a plaster used in 
syphilis and made from diachylon plaster, calo¬ 
mel, and castor oil. Q.’s sign, a series of shocks 
felt or heard with the stethoscope in rapid suc¬ 
cession several seconds after a drunkard places 
the tips of the fingers of his spread hand perpen¬ 


dicularly upon the examiner’s palm. [Discovered 
by Eugene Quinquaud, a French physician, in 
1893.] 

quin-que-fo'li-ate leaf. A leaf in which the blade 
is divided into five parts, as that of the Virginia 
creeper. 

quin-que'va-lent. Capable of combining with five 
atoms of hydrogen. 

quin-qui'na. Cin¬ 
chona*. 

quin'sy. A popular 
term for Cynanche 
tonsillaris, or Ton¬ 
sillitis phlegmono- 
des, an acute sup¬ 
purative inflamma- 



Quinquefoliate Leap. 


tion of the tonsil, terminating in abscess; acute 
parenchymatous tonsillitis; tonsillar abscess; sup¬ 
purating tonsillitis; phlegmonous abscess of the 
tonsils. It occurs in persons of full or plethoric 
habit. Infants and elderly persons are quite 
exempt from it. [A corruption of cynanche sore 
throat.] 

quin'tan. A form of intermittent which recurs on 
the fifth day, or every four days, leaving an 
interval of three days between the paroxysms. 
[< L. quin'tus fifth.] 

quin-tes'sence. The last, or highest, essence of any 
natural body; any extract which contains all the 
virtues of a substance in a very small bulk or 
compass. 

quin-tip'a-ra. A woman who has borne five chil¬ 
dren; Vspara. Multipara. 
quin-ti-ster'nal. The fifth osseous portion of the 
sternum, being the portion immediately above 
the ensiform cartilage and corresponding to the 
fifth intercostal space. 

quin'tu-plet. One of five children bom at a single 
birth. 

quin'tus nucleus. The trigeminal nucleus, 
quin'zy. = Quinsy. 

qui-ri'ca. A contagious affection of tropical coun¬ 
tries characterized by scaly discolorations of the 
exposed parts. jyPiNTA. [T[ G. ’04.] 
quitch grass. =Triticum repens. 
qui-ten'i-dine. 

oxidizing quinidine with potassium permanga¬ 
nate. 

quit'tor. An unhealthy fistulous sore on the heels 
and quarters of the coronet of a horse’s hoof. 
[1 Am. Vet. Rev. ’05.] 

quiz. I. Instruction conducted by questions and 
answers, usually for the purpose of preparing for 
an examination. 2. To teach by quiz. Q.sclass, 
a number of medical students formed into a class 
for the purpose of being questioned by a teacher. 
Q.smaster or quiz'zer, one who examines or quiz¬ 
zes. [< L. quid est what is it?] 
quo-tid'i-an, quotidian fever (ague). A kind of in¬ 
termittent fever in which the paroxysm returns 
daily and occurs at the same hour every day. 
Double q., a fever marked by two paroxysms, 
usually different in character, and occurring each 
day. 

quo'ti-ent. The result obtained by division. Al¬ 
bumin q., the amount of serum albumin in the 
blood divided by the amount of serum albumin 
present. Blood q., the percentage amount of the 
haemoglobin in the blood divided by a similar 
percentage of the number of the red bloodscells; 
colorsindex: it indicates the relative amount of 
haemoglobin per corpuscle. 


An alkaloid, CJ9H22N2O4, formed by 



807 


RADIAL 




R 

(In words of Gr. origin, T = p', rh = p.) 


A sign placed at the beginning of a prescrip¬ 
tion with the meaning “take ” (L. recipe) . [Sup¬ 
posed to be derived from 'U, the sign for Jupiter, 
and placed here in order to propitiate this deity 
and*make the formula act satisfactorily.] 

R. An abbr. for punc'tum remo'turn, farspoint; 
Reaumur (i^ thermometer) ; re'cipe, take of 
respiration; right, as r. e. right eye (o. d.). 

R.D. An abbr. for reaction of degeneration. 

R.D.A. An abbr. for right dorso^anierior position 
of the foetus in uiero. 

R.F.A. An abbr. for right fronto^anterior position 
of the foetus, Frontosanterior position. 

R.F.P. An abbr. for right frontoposterior position 
of the foetus, Frontoposterior position. 

R.M.A. An abbr. for right mento^anterior position 
of the foetus in utero. 

R.M.P. An abbr. for right mentoposterior position 
of the foetus in utero. 

R.N. Abbr. for registered nurse. 

R.O.A. An abbr. for right occipito^anterior position 
of the foetus in utero. 

R.O.P. An abbr. for right occipitoposterior position 
of the foetus in utero. 

R.S.A. An abbr. for right sacro^anterior position 
of the foetus in utero. 

R.S.P. An abbr. for right sacroposterior position. 

R.W. Abbr. for receiving ward. 

Raabe’s test (r^'bez). The trichloraceticsacid test 
for albumin in the urine. 

rab'bet-ting. The fitting together of the irregjilar 
surfaces of a fractured bone. 

ra'bi es. A specific, infectious disease of animals, 
especially dogs {R. coni'na), wolves, and cats {R. 
feli'na), communicable to man {R. huma'na or 
hydrophobia) and other animals, as the rabbit, 
by inoculation with the buccal secretions or dis¬ 
eased tissues, having an incubatory stage of from 
two weeks to several months, which manifests it¬ 
self in clonic spasms of the muscles of deglutition 
and respiration and subsequently of all the mus¬ 
cles excited by the slightest irritation, congestion 
of and hemorrhages into the medulla, etc.; rage; 
St. Hilbert’s disease; lyssa. c®-Lyssophobia; par¬ 
alytic R.; TANACETic R. For etiology. See Negri 
BODIES and Babes’s rabic tubercle. Pasteur’s 
treatment is inoculation with graduated modified 
viruses as prophylactic and curative, Pas- 
TEURiSM. Dumb r., rabies in which paraly¬ 
sis develops early. Furious r., rabies in which 
there is pronounced excitement. Street r., the 
natural infection of one dog to the other. [L., fr. 
ra'bere to be mad, to rage.] frab'iate. rab'ic. 
rab'id. ra-bi-et'ic. ra-bif'ic. ra-big'e-nous. ra- 
bin'i-form. 

Rabuteau’s test (ra-bu-t6z'). A color^test for hy¬ 
drochloric acid in the urine. 

rac'ca-hout (rac'a-hiiit). A food obtained from the 
acorns of Quer'cus ballo'ta, or one like it. 

race suicide. The deliberate restriction of child¬ 
bearing for selfish reasons, as by criminal abor¬ 
tion or artificially preventing conception, tra'cial. 

ra-cem^ic acid. The racemic modification of tar¬ 
taric ACID occurring in some grapes; paratartaric 
acid. R. modification, an inactive mixture of 


equal parts of the dextro^ and Icevo^ forms of an 
optically active substance. R. scopolamine = 
atroscine. 

rac'e-mose. Resembling a bunch of grapes. R. 
adenoma, a tumor of glandular tissue resembling 
in appearance a racemose gland: it occurs chiefiy 
in the breast and in the salivary and sweat 
glands. R. aneurism, an anastomotic aneurism. 
R. cells, cells arranged in clusters around a cen¬ 
tral duct. R. gland, a compound saccular gland 
which resembles a bunch of grapes. R. varix, an 
anastomotic varix. [< L. race'mus a bunch of 
grapes.] 

ra'chi-, ra'chial, ra-chi-aFgi a, etc. =Rhachi-, 

RHACHIAL, RHACHIALGIA, etC. 

rack'et amputation. Oval amputation made by a 
single longitudinal incision continuous below with 
a spiral incision on either side of the limb, 
raclage, raclement (ra-clazh, racl-mon). Destruc¬ 
tion of a part by rubbing. [F.] 
racleur (r 4 -cl?r). A curette. [F.] 

Radcliffe’s elixir. Compound tincture of aloes. 
Rademacher’s plaster (rad'f-macH-frz). A plaster 
containing red lead, olive oil, alum, amber, and 
camphor. R.’s system, an empirical therapeutic 
system of specifics for every ailment, 
radesyge (ra-d^-sii'gf). An old Scandinavian col¬ 
lective name for tertiary and congenital ulcerous 
forms of syphilis, as well as similar scrofulous, 
carious, and lupoid processes and other chronic 
skin diseases; Norwegian leprosy; Scandinavian 
syphilis. [Dan., fr. ra'de (the same as Ger. Rau'de) 
scab -f syg sick, diseased.] 
ra'di ad. Toward the radial aspect or side, 
ra^di al. Belonging to the radius; radialis*. R. 
artery, a continuation of the brachial artery upon 
the forearm, extending from a point opposite the 
neck of the radius to about the level of the sty¬ 
loid process of the radius, and supplying the fore¬ 
arm and hand; arteria radialis*. R. carpal arte¬ 
ries, branches from the radial artery supplying 
the front and the back of the wrist. R. digital 
arteries, the arteries on the radial border of the 
fingers. R. recurrent artery, a branch of the 
radial artery that arches upward and joins the 
arterial network of the elbow; arteria recurrens 
radialis*. R. aspect, the aspect looking toward 
the radius. R. condyle, the external condyle of 
the humerus. R. depression or fossa, a depres¬ 
sion on the anterior surface of the humerus just 
above the radial head, jossa radialis humeri*. R. 
facet, the lesser sigmoid cavity of the ulna. R. 
fibres (o/ the retina), Muller’s fibres. R. glands, 
lymphatic glands following the radial vessels. R. 
groove, the musculospiral groove. R. head of the 
humerus, the rounded outer process at the distal 
extremity of the humerus, articulating with the 
circular cavity on the head of the radius. R. 
nerve, a terminal branch of the musculospiral 
nerve supplying both sides of the thumb and in¬ 
dex finger and the radial side of the middle finger, 
and uniting with the ulnar and musculocutaneous 
nerves; nervus radialis*. R. notch, the lesser 
SIGMOID CAVITY. R. palm = THENAR. R. paral¬ 
ysis = MUSCULOSPIRAL PARALYSIS. R. pulse, the 


RADIALE 


808 


RADIOsULNAR 


pulse of the radial artery taken at the wrist. R. 
region of forearm, regio antibrachii radialis*. R. 
tap, percussion of the lower end of the radius to 
produce reflex contraction of the biceps and supi¬ 
nator longus. R. veins, cutaneous veins arising 
on the outer part of the back of the hand and 
ascending along the radial border of the forearm 
to unite with the median cephalic vein in forming 
the cephalic vein; venae radiales*. 
ra-di-a'le. The scaphoid bone of the hand. [L.] 
ra-di-a'lis. Radial, as R. in'dicis, a branch of the 
radial artery to the index=finger. [L.] 
ra'di ant or ra'di ate. Having or emitting rays; 
diverging from a common centre like rays. R. 
corona = CORONA radiata*. R. ligament, i. A 
series of short bands joining the os magnum with 
other bones of the wrist. 2. The internal lateral 
ligament of the wrist. 3. The anterior costover¬ 
tebral ligament. R. matter, matter giving off 
emanations or rays, like radium. R. part of 
kidney = Ferrein’s pyramids. 
ra'di-a-ted sensation. A secondary sensation not 
felt in the affected part, as pain in the knee in 
hip=joint disease. 

ra'di-a-ting. Diverging, as the R. fibres of the retina. 
ra-di-a'ti o. Radiation, as R. occipitothalamica* = 
OPTIC RADIATION. [L.] 

ra-di-a'tion. i. The act of spreading outward from 
a central point, as R. of light and polar r. in kary- 
okinesis. 2. One of several groups of fibres ex¬ 
tending from the base of the brain to the cortex, 
as OPTIC R. and thalamic r. [< L. radia'tio.\ 
rad'i-cal. i. Thorough; original; directed to the 
cause. R. cure, complete and permanent cure. 
R. operation, an operation whose aim is to 
extirpate the disease completely. R. vinegar, 
glacial acetic acid. 2. An atom, or group of not 
easily separable atoms possessing acid or basic 
properties and capable of uniting with other 
atoms or radicals to form a molecule, e. g., hy¬ 
droxyl, HO. 3. Pertaining to a root, Rad¬ 
icle, def. I. [< L. radica'lis, fr. ra'dix root.] 
rad'i-ces. Plural of radix, root, Radical. 
rad'i-cle. i. An ultimate division of a vessel or 
nerve, as the venous radicles. 2. = Radical, 
def. 2. [< L. radic'ula, dim. of ra'dix root.] 

ra-dic'u-lar. Relating to a radicle or to a root. 
R. arteries, arteries accompanying the nerve* 
roots into the substance of the spinal cord. R. 
fibres, nerve*fibres connected with the roots of 
the spinal nerves. R. fibres, external, fibres of 
the posterior roots of spinal nerves which pen¬ 
etrate the gelatinous substance of Rolando and 
ascend to enter the posterior horn. R. fibres, in¬ 
ternal, fibres of the posterior roots of spinal 
nerves which run for some distance in the pos¬ 
terior columns of the cord before entering the 
gray substance. R. neuritis = neuritis radicu- 
LARis. R. odontoma, an odontoma on the root 
of a tooth; dental exostosis. R. tract, the por¬ 
tion of the spinal cord posterior to the anterior 
columns. R. vessels, branches of the vertebral 
or basilar arteries supplying the roots of the cer¬ 
ebral nerves. R. zone, anterior = groundsbun- 

DLE, ANTERIOR, fra-dic-u-li'tis. 
ra'di-en. Related to the radius in itself, 
ra'di i. The plural of radius. 

ra'di osac'tive. Having the power to emit rays like 
those of radium, f ra'di osac-tin'ic, as R. therapy; 
ra'di osac-tiv'i-ty. 

ra'di o-bi-cip'i-tal. Appertaining to the radius and 
the biceps muscle, as R. bursa. 


ra'di-obes. Particles wrongly supposed by Burke 
to be living matter produced by the influence of 
RADIUM on sterilized beef*gelatin. 
ra'di o-car'pal. Appertaining to the radius and the 
carpus. R. amputation, amputation of the hand 
at the wristsjoint. R. arteries = radial carpal 
ARTERIES. R. articulation, the articulation of 
the carpal bones with the radius and with the 
pad of cartilage below the ulna; the wrist*joint; 
articulatio radiocarpea*. R. ligament, the ex¬ 
ternal lateral ligament of the carpus, fra'di-o- 
car'po-met'a-car-pe'us, a muscle described as run¬ 
ning from the radius above the pronator quad- 
ratus to the anterior annular ligament, trapezium, 
and second, third, and fourth metacarpal bones. 

’09.] 

ra'di o-chro-nom'e-ter. An instrument for meas¬ 
uring the strength of radiant energy, 
ra'di-ode. [T| A.M. ’04.] 

ra'di o-der-ma-ti'tis. Inflammation of the skin 
caused by the effect of radiant energy, as in an 
X*ray burn. 

ra'di o-di-ag-no'sis. Diagnosis by means of the X* 
rays, radium, or other forms of radiant energy, 
fra'di o-di-ag-nos'tic, as R. findings. 
ra'di o-di'a-phane. An instrument devised for the 
transillumination of the stomach with radium. 
[ 1 [ M. R. ij. ’04.] 

ra'di o-dig'i-tal. Both radial and digital, 
ra'di o-gen. A substance which gives off emanation 
and can thus charge dis¬ 
tilled water. L. ij. ’08.] 
ra'di o-graph or ra'di o-gram. 

= Rontgenogram. [< 

L. ra'dius ray -t- ypamiv 
to write.] f^^'di-og'ra- 
pher. ra'di o-graph'ic. ra- 
di-og'ra-phy, as Stereo¬ 
scopic r. 

ra'di o-hu'me-ral. Pertain¬ 
ing to the radius and the 
humerus. R. articulation, 
the elbowsjoint. 

Radiola'ria. An order of' 
microscopic marine rhizo- 
pods having a perforated 
siliceous skeleton through 
which the delicate pseu¬ 
dopods pass. 

ra-di-ol'o-gy. The study of 
radiant energy, 
radi'o-lus. A probe; a 
sound. 

ra'di o-me-ta-car-pa'lis. 

The flexor carpi radialis 
brevis, when inserted at a metacarpal bone, 
ra-di-om'e-ter. = Skiameter, fra-di-om'e-try. 
ra'di o-mus'cu-lar. A term noting muscular 
branches from the radial artery or nerve, 
ra'di o-neu-ri'tis. Inflammation of the radial nerve, 
ra'di o-pal'mar. Appertaining to the radius and the 
palm of the hand. R. artery, the superficial volar 
artery. 

ra'di o-pho'bi a. Am. X^ray J. ’03.] 
ra-di-os'co-py. = Skiascopy. 
ra'di o-ste-re-os'co-py. Stereoscopic radioscopy, 
ra'di o-ther'a-py, ra'di o-ther-a-peu'tics. The cura¬ 
tive application of radiant energy in the treat¬ 
ment of disease, as the X=rays in epithelioma, 
ra'di osul'nar. Pertaining to the radius and the 
ulna. R.su. fibre cartilage, the triangular cartilage 
between the distal end of the radius and the ulna 



RADISH 


809 


RALE 


R.=u. ligament, either of two ligaments, an ante¬ 
rior and a posterior, the former uniting ante¬ 
riorly the lower end of the ulna and the anterior 
edge of the sigmoid 


ir a, 



i I I. I) a li 
Madame Curie. 


cavity of the radius, 
the latter joining the 
posterior surface of 
the lower end of the 
ulna and the posterior 
margin of the sigmoid 
cavity of the radius. 

rad'ish, horses. =Coch- 

LEARIA ARMORACIA. 

ra'dium. A rare and 
costly element in per¬ 
sistent activity found 
in PITCHBLENDE by 
the Curies in 1889 and 
isolated by Madame 
Curie in 1910: atwt., 

223; symbol, Ra. It 
emits both radiations 
and emanations, call¬ 
ed a, / 3 , and 7 rays, and may be transformed 
into HELIUM. Radium is used externally, usu¬ 
ally ten milligrammes of the bromide enclosed in 
glass or embedded in shellac, in treatment of tu¬ 
mors, skin diseases, especially naevi and lupus, tra¬ 
choma, etc. Bec- 
QUEREL rays; COP¬ 
PER; curie; urani¬ 
um ; Rontgen rays ; 
spinthariscope. tra- 
di-um-i-za'tion. 

ra'dius*, pi. ra'dii. i. 

An important bone of 
the forearm on the 
outer (thumb) sidfe. 

It consists of a head 
(capitulum radii*), 
which articulates with 
the humerus and ulna, 
a neck, a shaft {corpus 
radii*), and a lower 
extremity with its 
styloid process, artic¬ 
ulating with the ul¬ 
nar, scaphoid, semilu¬ 
nar, and cuneiform 
bones. ^ Colles’s 

FRACTURE. 2. A 

straight line from a 
real or an imaginary 
centre. Radii auricu- 
la'res = auricular 
RADII. R. cilia'res, 
the ciliary processes. 

R. fix'us, an imagi¬ 
nary line uniting the 
hormion andtheinion. 

Radii len'tis, lines ra¬ 
diating from the poles 
of the crystalline lens. 

R. medulla'res= MED¬ 
ULLARY RAYS. R. mi- 
no'res i'ridis, the fine 
radiations of the pu¬ 
pillary zone of the iris. 

ra'dix,pi. i. A 

root of a plant. R. dysenter'ica = ipecacuanha*. 
2. That part of an organ or a structure from which 
it seems to spring; root. R. ante'rior*, anterior 



Radius and Ulna from the 
Front. — i. Shaft of the 
ulna. 2. Sigmoid fossa. 3. 
Articulation of the radial 
head with the ulna. 4. Ole¬ 
cranon. 5. Coronoid pro¬ 
cess. 6. Nutrient foramen. 
7. Sharp ridges for attach¬ 
ment of the interosseous 
membrane. 8. Head of the 
ulna. 9. Styloid process. 
10. Shaft of the radius, ir. 
Head. 12. Neck. 13. Tu¬ 
berosity. 14. Attachment 
of the terete pronator mus¬ 
cle. 15. Carpal extremity 
of radius with its styloid 
process (16). (Leidy.) 


root, as the motor root of a spinal nerve. R. 
aor'tae, the bulb of the aorta. R. bre'vis gan'glii 
cilia'ris*, the motor root of the lenticular ganglion. 
R. cerebel'li, the posterior peduncle of the cere¬ 
bellum. R. cochlea'ris, the cochlear root of the 
acoustic nerve. R. cor'dis, the base of the heart. 
R. den'tis*, the root of a tooth. Radi'ces for'nicis, 
the pillars of the fornix. R. lin'guae, the root of 
the tongue. R. medul'lae spina'lis, the medulla 
oblongata. R. mesenter'ii, the root of the mesen¬ 
tery. R. moto'ria, the smaller motor root of the 
trigeminal nerve. R. na'si*, the root of the nose. 
R. ner'vi op'tici, the optic tract. R. olfacto'ria 
gris'ea, the assumed gray middle root of the 
olfactory nerve. R. olfacto'ria supe'rior, a portion 
of the olfactory tract assumed to be connected 
with the caruncula mammillaris. R. pi'li*, the 
root of a hair. R. poste'rior*, the posterior root, 
as a sensory root of a spinal nerve. R. pulmo'- 
nis*, the root of the lung. R. senso'ria, the larger 
sensory root of the trigeminal nerve. R. un'guis*, 
the root of a nail. R. vestibula'ris*, the median 
root of the auditory nerve. [L., fr. pdSi^ branch.] 
radzyge (rad-sii'gf). =Radesyge. 
raf'fi-nose. A sugar, C,gH 320 jg-+- 5 H 20 , almost de¬ 
void of sweetness, found in sugar=beet, cotton* 
seed cake, eucalyptus, manna, etc.; melitose. 
rage. = Rabies. 

rag'ssor-ters' or spick-ers* disease. i. Malignant 
pustule in ragssorters. 2. A febrile disease ac¬ 
companied by headache and cough, sometimes 
observed in rag*sorters. 
rag'weed. = Ambrosia trifida. 
rag'wort. =Senecio jacob^a. 
railway (rail'road) brain. The condition following 
railway accidents in which there are various 
obscure symptoms resembling those of hysteria 
or neurasthenia, often simulated in order to 
secure inordinate damages; traumatic neuras-. 
thenia. R. catheter, a straight, elastic catheter, 
open at the end, introduced in cases of stricture 
over a filiform guide. R. kidney, obscure renal 
disease said to have been observed in railway 
employees and travellers. R. shock, nervous 
shock caused by a railway accident. R. sickness, 
nausea, headache, vertigo, etc., seen in those 
making railway journeys, especially children: 
often due to improper eating. R. spine = R. 
BRAIN. R. surgery, surgery which deals with 
railway injuries. 

rain bath. A form of douche bath in which water 
issues from perforated pipes, forcibly striking the 
patient’s body in small streams, 
rain'ber-ry thorn. — Rhamnus cathartica. 
rain'bow disease or worm. = Herpes iris. 
Rainey’s corpuscles, bodies, or tubes (re'niz). Ovoid 
bodies found in the muscles of many animals, 
consisting of a capsule enclosing spores: in the 
flesh of the hog they may be mistaken for 
trichinae. ^ Psorospermiasis. 
rais'ing. Expectoration, 
rake teeth. Teeth separated by intervals, 
rale (ral). Any abnormal sound heard in respira¬ 
tion, denominated bronchial, extrathoracic, laryn¬ 
geal, tracheal, guttural, vesicular, etc., according to 
location, and dry or moist, according to the ab¬ 
sence or presence of fluid in the air^passages. ts~ 
Bruit; fremitus; murmur; resonance; sound. 
Other varieties of rale are Amphoric, Bubbling, 
Cavernous, Clicking, Collapse, Consonaiing 
( = metallic). Crackling, Crepitant ( = rale 
crepitant), Dry, Friction, Gurgling rale 













RALFE»S TEST 


810 


raph6 


MUQUEUx), Hirtz’s, Laennec’s, Metallic, 
Moist, Mucous (=RALE MUQUEUx), Piping (== 
RALE sibilant), Pleural, Sibilant ( = rale 
sibilant), Skoda’s consonating. Sonorous ( — 
RALE sonore), and Subcrepitant. R. crepitant, 
“crepitating rattle,’’ a pathognomonic sign 
common in severe pneumonia. It has been 
compared to the noise of butter boiling, or to 
that produced by particles of salt thrown on 
live coals. R. muqueux, “ mucous rattle ” a sound 
similar to that produced by blowing through a 
pipe into soapy water: when very strong, it is 
termed gurgling. R. redux, R. de retour, a rale 
with a crackling and unequal sound, heard in the 
resolution stage of pneumonia. R. sibilant, 
“sibilant or hissing rattle,” a sound caused by 
the presence of only a small quantity of mucus 
in the ramifications of the bronchia. It has 
been compared to the sound produced by sud¬ 
denly separating two oiled surfaces. R. sonore, 
“sonorous rattle,” a sound like that of the coo¬ 
ing of a dove, or sometimes like the snoring of a 
sleeping man. It is heard in bronchitis and 
asthma. [F., fr. rdler to rattle.] 

Ralfe’s test (rMfz). i. An iodoform test for acetone 
in the urine. 2. A test for peptones in which 
Fehling’s solution is used, 
ra'mal. Relating to a ramus. 

Rambotham’s hook (ram'both-gmz). A hook with 
a concave cutting edge, used in decapitating a 
foetus in utero. 

Ramdohr suture (ram'dor). Suturing of an upper 
portion of intestine which has been invaginated 
into a lower portion. 

ra-men'ta. Raspings or filings. R. ferri, iron fil¬ 
ings. R. intestino'rum, threads of intestinal 
mucous membrane evacuated in severe dysen¬ 
tery. [L.] 

ra'mex. i. Hernia. 2. Varicocele. [L.j 
ra'mi. Plural of ramus. 

ramd-fi-ca'tion. Division into branches; the act or 
mode of branching: applied to nerves and other 
animal organs, frarn'i-fy. ra'mose. 
ramollissement (ra-mo-lis-mon). The French term 
for SOFTENING. R. du cerveau, softening of the 
brain. 

Ram6n y Cajal (ca-haF). ^^CAJAL. 

Ramsden’s operation. Ligation of the subclavian 
artery through an incision about ^ inch above the 
clavicle transversely across the base of the pos¬ 
terior triangle of the neck, 
ram'u-lus. A little branch; a ramule; a twig; a 
branchlet. R. caroticotympan'icus, one of the 
little branches of the internal carotid artery given 
off in the carotid canal to the mucous membrane 
of the tympanic cavity. [L.] 
ra'mus, pi. ra'mi. A branch of an artery, vein, 
bone, or nerve. R. auricula'ris ner'vi va'gi, the 
nerve of Arnold. R. commu'nicans, the branch 
connecting a spinal nerve with the sympathetic 
ganglia. R. descen'dens of Ramon y Cajal, col¬ 
lateral fibres which leave the neuraxon soon after 
their exit from the cerebellum and pass down to 
the spinal cord. R. exter'nus*, external ramus 
(spinal portion), as of the accessory nerve. R. 
inter'nus*, internal ramus (accessory portion), as 
of the accessory nerve. R. mandib'ulae*, ramus 
of the lower jaw; perpendicular portion of the 
inferior maxillary bone. R. pu'bis, the horizon¬ 
tal RAMUS of the pubic bone, 
ra-mus'cu-lus. A little branch or division; a 
ramuscule. [Dim. of L. ra'mus branch.] 


ra'na. A frog, as the R. esculen'ta and R. ptp'iens, 
both of which harbor Trypanosomes. 
ran'cid. A term applied to fat, oil, or any greasy 
body which, by absorbing oxygen from the air, 
has acquired a strong odor and a disagreeable 
taste. [< L. ranci'dus, fr. rance're to be musty 
or rank.] fran-cid'i-ty. 

Randolph’s test (ran'dolfs). A test for peptones in 
the urine, made by adding 2 drops of saturated 
solution of potassium iodide and 3 or 4 drops of 
Millon’s reagent to 5 Cc. of cold, faintly acid 
urine, when a yellow precipitate will be formed. 
Range of accommodation, Accommodation. R. 
of sensibility, range between the lower and upper 
limit of sensibility. 

ra'nine. Relating to the under surface of the 
tongue and the adjacent portions of the floor of 
the mouth. R. artery, the terminal portion of 
the lingual artery, running in a tortuous course 
along the under surface of the tongue. R. vein, 
a vein accompanying the ranine artery and 
emptying into the internal jugular or one of its 
branches. [< L. rani'nus, fr. ra'na frog.] 
rank itch. = Scabies papuliformis. R. red gum 
= Strophulus confertus. 

Ranke’s angle (ran'c^z). The angle between the 
horizontal plane of the skull and a line through 
the centre of the alveolar margin and the centre 
of the nasofrontal suture. 

Ran^kin’s ointment. [Tf L. j. ’06.] 
ran'u-la. A fluctuating semistransparent tumor 
under the tongue, resulting from accumulated 
saliva and mucus in the ducts of the sublingual 
gland, or from the independent development of 
a cyst, in the sublingual region, Ptyalocele ; 
ptyalo=ectasia. R. lapid'ea, a salivary calculus. 
R. pancreat'ica, dilatation of pancreatic ducts due 
to obstruction. Suprahyoid r., a cystic tumor 
above the hyoid bone, fran'u-lar. 

Ranun'culus. A genus of ranunculaceous plants, 
which includes a number of poisonous species and 
several with irritant properties; crowfoot. [L.] 
Ranvier’s constricting band (ran-vi-ez). = Annu¬ 
lar DISK. R.’s constrictions =Ranvier’s nodes. 
R.’s crosses, darkscolored cruciform appearances 
at the nodes of Ranvier, produced by silver^nitrate 
staining. R.’s nodes, constrictions of medullated 
nerve*fibres at definite intervals, caused by clearly 
defined gaps in the medullary substance. The 
intervening spaces are termed Internodes of Ran¬ 
vier and Interannular segments. R.’s tactile disks, 
terminations of nerve^fibres in cupsshaped bodies 
in the transparent substance between Merkel’s 
corpuscles. [Louis Antoine Ranvier, a French 
pathologist, 1835- .] 

rape. Various species of Bras'sica which furnish 
colza or R.sseed oil. [< L. ra'pa turnip.] 
rape. Copulation with a woman without her con¬ 
sent, or with one too young to appreciate its sig¬ 
nificance. 

rape. An auscultatory heart^murmur of rough 
character. [F., “ a rasp.”] 
ra-pha'ni a. A nervous disease allied to ergotism, 
marked by spasm of the limbs, and due to poison¬ 
ing by seeds of the wild radish. [ < L. raph'anus 
radish.] 

ra'ph6, rha'phe. A linear elevation or seam indi¬ 
cating the line of union of parts, usually of lateral 
halves, as the median r. of the dorsal part of the 
pons and medulla. R. cor'poris callo'si, a linear 
depression along the middle of the upper surface 
of the corpus callosum, or the ridge upon its 


RAPHIDES 


811 

undef Surface. R. lin'guae, the mediari furrow 
on the dorsum of the tongue. R. medul'lae ob- 
longa'tae*, the median septum of the medulla. 

R. pal'ati, a median ridge running from a small 
papilla in front, which corresponds with the 
inferior opening of the anterior palatine foramen, 
back to the uvula. R. palpebra'lis, lateral'is, the 
external tarsal ligament of the eyelid. R. pe'nis*, 
a continuation forward upon the penis of the 
raphe of the scrotum. R. perine'i*, a ridge in 
the middle line of the perineum. R. pharyn'gis*, 
the median seam on the posterior wall of the 
pharynx along which the constrictor miiscles join. 

R. scle'rae*, traces of the primitive chorioideal 
fissure found in the sclera. R. scro'ti*, a linear 
elevation upon the skin of the scrotum, divides 
it into halves. [< pa(py suture.] 
ra-phi'des. Deposits of crystals in vegetable cells, 
rap'id consumption. = Galloping consumption. 

R. heart = Tachycardia. 

rap'tus. A forcible seizure. Hence such terms as 
rap'ius nervo'rum (seizure of the nerves, or 
cramp),etc. Insultus; paroxysm. R.melan- 
chol'icus, a sudden and extreme fit of melan¬ 
choly, often accompanied by some violent act on 
the part of the patient. [L. fr. ra'pere to seize.] 
rarefacteur (rd-rf-fdc-ter). An apparatus for rare¬ 
fying or condensing the air in the external ear 
for the purpose of tympanic massage. [F.] 
rar-e-fac'tion. The act of rarefying or expanding; 
also the state of being rarefied or expanded. 
i^Atrophy. a diminution of the density and 
weight of a gas without diminution of its volume. 

R. of bone = rarefying osteitis. [ < L. rarefac'- 
iio, fr. ra'rus thin, rare -f fa'cere to make.] frar- 
e-fac'tive, rar'e-fy-ing, as R. osteitis, a form of 
osteitis in which the smaller spaces of the bone 
become enlarged from absorption of the osseous 
tissue by the osteoclasts; osteoporosis; osteitis 
fungosa. 

ras-ce'ta, ras-cette'. The furrows on the palmar 
surface of the wrist. R. pe'dis, the tarsus. 

Rasch’s sign. Fluctuation in early pregnancy 
elicited by placing the hand to the cervix, 
rash. A temporary eruption on the skin. When 
from an infectious disease it is spoken of as an 
EXANTHEMA. Rashes occur from many other 
causes, as from disturbances of digestion ( 
Urticaria; tooth^rash); from internal medica¬ 
tion, as from quinine, antitoxine, and mercury ; 
from operation, as after removal of the tonsils 
(amygdalotomy or tonsillotomy r.); and from 
the entrance of irritating particles into the skin, 
as in caterpillar r., harvest r., ivy poisoning, etc. 
c^Cankersr. [< L. ra'dere to abrade.] 
Ras'mus-sen’s aneurism. Dilatation of an artery in 
a tubercular cavity, which when it ruptures is a 
frequent cause of tubercular hemorrhage, 
rasorianism, rasorism (re-z6'ri-an-fzm, re-z6'- 
n'zm). Contrastimulism, or treatment by contra- 
stimulants. [< Rasori, an Italian physician.] 
ras'pa-to-ry. An instrument for scraping bone, 
rasp'ber-ry. =Rubus id.eus. R. cellular polypus, 
a polypus of the ear, consisting of a number of 
small raspberryslike masses attached to a central 
pedicle. 

las'ping murmur. A rough, grating murmur, 
ra-su'ra. A shaving; a scratch. [L.] 
rat. An animal of the genus Mus, the best known 
species being Mus rat'tus, Mus decu'mans, and 
Mus rufes'cens. These rodents have assumed 
great economic importance owing to the number 


RAVIRG MADNESS 

of diseases which they may transmit and the 
large amount of property they destroy. 
Plague; trypanosomiasis. R.sbite disease or 
fever, a peculiar intermittent fever due to the 
bite of rats and attended by a bluish*red erup¬ 
tion, sweating, and nervous symptoms, 
ra-tan'hi a, rat'a-nhin, etc. Variants in spelling of 
Rhatania, rhatanine, etc. i^Krameria*. 
Rathke’s gland (rat'cez). Jacobson’s organ. R.’s 
investing mass, the capsule covering the end of 
the chorda dorsalis in the developing embryo 
and forming the rudimentary base of the skull. 
R.’s pouch, a diverticulum from the primitive 
buccal cavity of the embryo which develops into 
the anterior portion of the pituitary body. R.’s 
trabeculae, rudimentary longitudinal cartilaginous 
rods found in the base of the embryonal skull ; 
trabeculae cranii. [< M. H. Rathke, German an¬ 
atomist, 1793-1860.] 

ra'tio meden'di. The scheme of a course of med¬ 
ical treatment. R. vic'tus, a dietary. [L.] 
ra'tion. A daily allowance or portion of food, drink, 
etc., given to soldiers, sailors, hospital patients, 
and others. 

ra'ti o-nal. Reasonable: applied to the mental 
state of a person or to a sound course of prac¬ 
tice opposed to empiricism, as R. treatment of 
a disease. R. formula, chemical formula. 
R. symptom = SUBJECTIVE symptom, 
al-ism. 

rats'bane. i. = Arsenous acid. 2. The seed of 
StRYCHNOS NUXsVOMICA. 

rat's tail. i. An excrescence on a horse’s leg, run¬ 
ning from the middle of the pastern to the 
shank. 2. A disease in which the hair falls out 
of a horse’s tail. 

rat'stail file. A small, tapering, cylindrical (also 
“square, triangular, semicircular, etc.) file much 
used in the laboratory for boring holes in corks, 
rat'tle. =Rale. Death-rattle. 
rat'tlesbush. -The plant Baptis'ia tincto'ria, or wild 
indigo. 

rat'tles. = Croup. 

rat'tle-snake. Crot'alus hor'ridus. R.-s. master, one 
of several plants reputed to cure the bite of a 
rattlesnake, as Lia'tris scario'sa, Aga've virgin'ica, 
and Eryn'gium Yucccefo'lium. R.-s. root, Polyg'- 
ala Sen'ega; also a popular name of Pre'nanthes 
al'ba, or Prenan'thes Serpenta'ria. R.-s. weed = 
Hieracium venosum. 

rat=tooth forceps. Forceps with interlocking teeth 
for firm fixation. 

Rau’s apophysis or process (rauz). The long proc¬ 
ess of the malleus. R.’s operation, the formation 
of an artificial pupil by perforating the sclera and 
iris with subsequent iridectomy. 

Rauber’s convolution (rau'berz). == Nuclear con¬ 
volution. R.’s layer, a superficial layer of flat 
cells occurring in mammalian embryos, covering 
externally the true ectoderm at an early stage of 
the blastodermic vesicle; primitive ectoderm; 
blastodermic ectoderm. 

rau-ce'do. Hoarseness, as R. syphilii'ica. J^au'- 
cous. 

Rauchfuss’s triangle (rauch'Ms-fz). =Grocco’s 
triangle. 

Rauschbrand (raush'brant). = Anthrax. [G.] 
Ravaton’s amputation (ra-va-tonz). Amputation 
by means of a circular incision down to the bone 
and lateral lengthwise incisions to make flaps, 
ra've-ry. Delirium, 
ra'ving madness. Maniacal madness. 


RAW SURFACE 


812 


RECESSUS 


raw surface. A surface denuded of portions of its 
skinscovering. R. whisky, crude whisky not puri¬ 
fied and mellowed by age. 
ray. Actinic, Becquerel’s, Cathode, Ex¬ 
traordinary, Heat, Light, Medullary, Blond- 
lot’s (=Ns), Ordinary, Rontgen or XsRAYS, and 
Ultraviolet rays. R. fungus = Actinomyces. 
R. oil, oil from the liver of the ray, Ra'ja ba'tis; 
used like cod=liver oil. 

Raygat’s test (re-gaz). Hydrostatic test. 
Raynaud’s disease (re-noz). i. Local asphyxia. 2. 
Paralysis of the throat^muscles following paroti¬ 
tis. R.’s gangrene, a form of dry, local, sponta¬ 
neous, symmetrical gangrene caused by local 
spasm and constriction of the small blood-vessels 
and generally affecting the fingers, toes, ears, or 
cheeks; symmetrical gangrene: first described 
by Raynaud in 1862. R.’s phenomenon, a white 
and cold condition of the fingers, alternating with 
heat and redness; acro-asphyxia. ^Erythro- 
MELALGiA. [< A. G. M. Raynaud, a French phy¬ 
sician, 1834-1881.] 

Ray’s mania. General moral insanity. 

Rb. The symbol for rubidium. 
re-. A Latin particle signifying “ again,” ” back,” 
or “ against,” and hence often implying resist¬ 
ance. Before a vowel a d! is sometimes added, as 
redintegration for reintegration. 
resab-sorp'tion. = Resorption. 
reach'ing. = Retching. 

resac-quired' movements. Movements which have 
been acquired again after loss due to injury of the 
motor tracts. Locomotor ataxia. 
re-ac'tion. i. Increase of the vital functions suc¬ 
ceeding their depression. i^Opsonic index (posi¬ 
tive phase). 2. The phenomena resulting from 
the action of tw'o or more substances upon each 
other, car Phenomenon ; sign; symptom; test. 
Some of the varieties of reaction are Acid, Adam¬ 
kiewicz’s, Alkaline, Amphigenous (= ampho¬ 
teric), Bechterew’s, Biuret, Diazo=> (== Ehr¬ 
lich’s), Electric, Gmelin’s, Gruber’s or Gruber^ 
Durham’s (= Widal’s), Hemiopic pupillary (= 
Wernicke’s), Isofaradic, Myasthenic, Myo¬ 
tonic, Neurotonic, Neutral, Wernicke’s, Wi¬ 
dal’s,,Xanthoproteic, R. of degeneration, loss 
of response to galvanic and faradic stimulation 
of a nerve, and to faradic stimulation of its 
muscle, the response to galvanic stimulation being 
increased; represented by A.C.C.>C.C.C. It is 
observed in cases where the lesion is situated in 
the motor nerve or the spinal cord. R. period or 
time, the time elapsing between the application 
of a stimulus and the resulting reaction, 
re-ac'ti-vate. To render active after inactivation, 
as of a serum, tre-ac-ti-va'tion, 
read'er’s cramp. Loss of muscular co-ordination 
of the eyes following their too severe use. 
read'ing pulse. = Water-hammer pulse. 
re-ad-just'ment. = Advancement. 
re-a'gent. A substance employed in chemical anal¬ 
ysis to ascertain the quantity or characteristic 
quality of bodies or parts of bodies; ts- Solution ; 
TEST. Among the better known reagents are 
Boas’s, Esbach’s (c^Esbach’s test), Fehling’s, 
Frohde’s, Fron’s (i^Fron’s test), Mayer’s, 
Millon’s, Nessler’s, Nylander’s (i^Alm^n’s 
test, def. 3), Pettenkofer’s, Tanret’s, Trom- 
mer’s. General r., a reagent which indicates the 
general class of compounds to which a substance 
belongs, in contradistinction to Special r. 
re-a'gin. The specific antibody of the serum, as in 


Wassermann’s reaction, which unites antigen and 
complement with the aid of a non-specific lipoid, 
re'al focus. = Focus, def. i. R. image, an actual 
image made by reflected or refracted rays, 
re-al'gar. =Orpiment, red. 
ream'er. A dentist’s excavating instrument, 
re-am-pu-ta'tion. Amputation of a part on which 
an amputation has been previously done, 
rea'son. That faculty of the mind by which an 
effect is traced to its cause. t>‘®3.'son-ing, as R. 
mania or monomania, simple mania. 

Reaumur’s scale (re-6-murz). car Thermometer. 
Recamier’s operation (re-ca-mi-ez). i. Vaginal hys¬ 
terectomy. 2. Uterine curettage. R. caustic con¬ 
tains gold chloride and dilute hydrochloric acid, 
re-ceiv'er. A vessel for receiving a distillate or for 
collecting gases, as a Florentine R. 
re-ceiv'ing tubes. The straight uriniferous tubules 
of the kidney. R. ward, a room in a hospital where 
emergency cases are treated, and examination of 
patients made to determine their eligibility to 
the hospital, and, if so, to which department, 
re'cent dislocation. A dislocation which has not yet 
been followed by inflammatory changes, 
re-cep-tac'u-lum. A reservoir or place into which 
something is received or fits; receptacle, R. 
chy'li, the expanded commencement of the tho¬ 
racic DUCT situated against the vertebral column 
opposite the first and second lumbar vertebrae; 
cistern or reservoir of Pecquet; receptaculum 
pecqueti; lacteal sac; cisterna chyli; chyle cis¬ 
tern; chyle reservoir. R. cotun'nii, a triangular 
space situated near the middle of the posterior 
surface of the petrous portion of the temporal 
bone at the end of the aqueduct of the vesti¬ 
bule. R. gan'glii petro'si, a depression on the 
lower border of the petrous portion of the tem¬ 
poral bone for lodging the petrous ganglion. R. 
pecque'ti = r. chyli. R. sem'inis, the posterior 
cul-de-sac of the vagina, fre-cep-tac'u-lar. 
re-cep'tor. i. A lateral chain of a cell capable of com¬ 
bining with and anchoring the amboceptor. A 
R. of the first order unites with a toxin. A R. 
of the second order has two haptophore groups, 
one uniting with the amboceptor and the other 
with the complement, Ehrlich’s lateral- 
chain theory; Wassermann test. 2. The indi¬ 
vidual receiving blood in a -transfusion; donee, 
re-cess'. An indentation or cavity; recessus. tv 
Fossa; fovea. 

re-ces'sion. Retraction, as R. of the gums. 
re-ces'sive. Receding, c®-M endel’s law, 
re-ces'sus. A recess; depression. R, acetab'uli = 
acetabulum. R. ante'rior*, anterior recess, as of 
the interpeduncular fossa of the mesencephalon. 
R. chias'matis, a recess on the floor of the third 
ventricle, in front of the infundibulum*, bounded 
forward by the lamina cinerea, behind by the 
OPTIC chiasm; R. opticus*. R. cochlea'ris*, an 
excavation between the diverging limbs of the 
CRISTA vestibuli. R. cona'rii, a small cleft ex¬ 
tending from the third ventricle into the cona- 
RIUM. R. ellip'ticus* = fossa HEMIELLIPTICA. R. 
epitympan'icus* = aditus ad antrum. R. hem- 
isphae'ricus, a small excavation in the inner wall 
of the vestibule of the ear, transmitting branches 
of the auditory nerve. R. infraspinea'lis = r. 
coNARii. R. infundib'uli*, the cavity of the 
infundibulum* of the third ventricle. R. 

infundibulifor'mis = pharyngeal recess. R. 

intercrura'lis, the interpeduncular space. R. lab- 
yrin'thi = SINUS sulciformis. R. latera'lis ven- 


RECIDIVATION 


813 


RECTO- 


tric'uli quar'ti, the lateral recess of the fourth 
ventricle. R. occipita'lis, the posterior horn of 
the lateral ventricle. R. op'ticus* = R. chi.\s- 
MATis. R. paracol'ici*, small peritoneal recesses 
behind the left side of the descending colon. R. 
pharyn'geus* = pharyngeal recess. R. pha- 
ryn'geus me'dius = fovea pharyngis. R. pinea'- 

liS*=DIVERTICULUM SUPERIUS VENTRICULI TERTII. 

R. pirifor'mis*=siNus pyriformis. R. praeponti'- 
lis, the pit formed by the overhanging of the front 
edge of the pons varolii. R. sphae'ricus*=FossA 
HEMISPHERICA. R. sphenoscthmoida'lls*. a small 
depression between the sphenoid bone and the su¬ 
perior turbinated bone. 

re-cid-i-va'tion. i. The relapsing of a disease. 

Recrudescence. 2. Relapse into crime, 
cid'i-vist. 

ec'i-pe. I. A word constantly used in the abbre¬ 
viated form, R, as the commencement of a med¬ 
ical prescription. It governs the accusative case; 
as, recipe strychnince granuni unum, “take one 
grain of strychnine,” or recipe aquam ad uncias 
quattuor fluidas, “ take water up to four fluid- 
ounces.” 2. A prescription or formula. [Imper¬ 
ative mood of L. recip'ere to take.] 
re-cip'i o-mo'tor. Receiving motor impressions, 
re-cip'ro-cal proportions, law of. The law that two 
elements combine in the same proportion (or 
some simple multiple of it) as the ratio between 
the proportions in which they individually com¬ 
bine with some third element. R. reception, an 
articulation, as of the wristsjoint, in which one 
surface is the matrix of the other. R. transfu¬ 
sion, transfusion from one who has recovered 
from a contagious fever into one affected with it, 
and the return of an equal volume of blood from 
the latter to the former. 

Recklinghausen’s (von) canals (rec'Hng-hau-zfnz). 
The small lymph=spaces in dense connective tis¬ 
sues in which the lymphatic vessels have their 
origin. R.’s disease, i. A general fibrosis of the 
peripheral nervous system; neurofibromatosis. 
[T[ L. j.’07.] 2. = Hemochromatosis. 

rec-ii-na'tion. A bending or a throwing backward, 
especially an operation for cataract in which the 
lens is throwm backv/ard into the bottom of the 
vitreous humor. ^Retroflexion; retrover¬ 
sion. 

re-cli'ning board. A board to which the young may 
be strapped to prevent stooping. R. posture = 

JACK=KNIFE POSTURE. 

Reclus’s [cystic] disease (rec-luz). i. Benign cystic 
disease of the mammary gland. 2. = Phlegmon 

LIGNEUX. 

rec-og-ni'tion time. The time required to recog¬ 
nize the variety of stimulus applied: noticeably 
longer than the simple reaction time, 
re-coil' wave. = Dicrotic w.we, def. 2. 
rec'on-dite. Concealed ; not easily to be seen ; ab¬ 
struse; profound. 

re-con-stit'u-ent. Promoting the repair of the de¬ 
cay or wasting of the tissues, 
re-cor'ding tambour. = Tambour, def. 2. R. 

thermometer, thermometer. 
re-cov'er-y. Restoration to health; recuperation. 

[< L. recupcra're, to recover.] 
rec're-ment or rec’re-men-ti'ti al humor. A secre¬ 
tion, like the saliva, which, after having been sep¬ 
arated from the blood, is again absorbed. [< L. 
re again + cer'nere to secrete.] ■frec'ri-men-ti'- 
tious. 

re-cru-des'cence. A growing worse again; an in- 



Rectal di¬ 
lator. 


crease of a disease after a temporary abatement. 
Recidivation. t^e-cru-des'cent. 
re-crys‘tal-li-za'tion. The process of crystallizing 
over again after dissolving the crystals first ob¬ 
tained: used in purifying crystalline substances. 
Rect. An abbr. for L. rectifica'ius rectified, 
rec'tal. Connected with or pertaining to the rec¬ 
tum; PRocTOs. R. alimentation, the administra¬ 
tion of nourishment by means of enemata con¬ 
taining nutritive matter. R. anaesthesia, anaes¬ 
thesia produced by the rectal administration of 
anaesthetics. R. artery, i. A branch of the lat¬ 
eral sacral artery to the rectum. 2. A branch of 
the middle sacral to the rectum. R. artery, mid¬ 
dle, the middle hemorrhoidal artery. R. chemise, 
a catheter surrounded by mosquito-net, which is 
packed with cotton after having been introduced 
into the rectum in cases of hemorrhage. R. 
columns, the longitudinal plicae of the rectum of 
Morgagni. R. crises, severe seizures of pain in 
the rectum, often occurring in cases of locomotor 
ataxia. R. cystotomy, rectal lith¬ 
otomy. R. diaphragm, the leva- 
tores ani and coccygei muscles com¬ 
bined, forming a sheet of muscle 
closing the lower posterior part of 
the pelvis; pelvic diaphragm; dia- 
phragmata pelvis'^. R. dilator, an 
instrument for dilating the rectum. 

R. etherization, the production of 
anaesthesia by administering ether 
by the rectum. R. fissure, a pain¬ 
ful ulcer of the mucous membrane 
of the lower part of the rectum. 

R. injection, the forcible intro¬ 
duction of fluid, alimentation, or medicaments 
► into the rectum; also the matter so thrown. R. 
ligament, ts- Ellis’s ligament. R. lithotomy, 
lithotomy. R. puncture, puncture of the 
bladder through the rectum. R. reflex, reflex 
action excited by the presence of faeces in the 
rectum, Anal reflex. R. speculum, a spec¬ 
ulum to be introduced into the rectum. R. touch, 
examination of the rectum by introducing the 
finger. R. trocar, a curved trocar used in punc¬ 
turing the bladder through the rectum. R. tube, 
a flexible rubber tube used in rectal alimenta¬ 
tion, etc. 

rec-tal'gi a. Pain in the rectum ; proctalgia, 
rec-tec'to-my. The surgical opening of the rectum, 
rec’ti-cru-rae'us. = Rectus cruris. 
rec‘ti-fi-ca'tion. i. The act of making straight or 
correcting. 2. Purification by repeated distilla¬ 
tion. frec^ti-fied, refined, as R. ether, sulphuric 
ether freed by distillation from the small portion 
of alcohol and sulphurous acid which it contains: 
and R. = spiritus rectificatus. 
rec-tis'chi-ac. Pertaining to the rectum and the 
ischium; ischiorectal. 

rec-ti'tis. Inflammation of the rectum; proctitis. 

trec-tit'ic. 

rec'to-. Connected with the rectum: a combining 
form. Proct-. [< L. rec'tum intesti'num.] 
recdosab-dom'i-nal, relating to the rectum and 
the abdomen, as R.-a. examination. — rec'to-cele 

= PROCTOCELE. i^HeDROCELE; PROLAPSUS ANI. 

— rec’to-coc-cyg'e al, relating to the rectum and 
the coccyx.— rec‘to-coc-cy-ge'us, a muscle arising 
from the coccyx and inserted in the posterior wall 
of the rectum; M. rectococcygeus*. — rec-to-coc'- 
cy-peiy, fixation of the rectum to the coccyx; 
proctococcypexy.— rec'to-co-li'tis, combined in- 





RECTUM 


814 


RECURRENT 


flammation of the rectal and colic mucosa. tar 
CoLORECTiTis. — rec’to-co-lon'ic, relating to the 
rectum and the colon. — rec’to-co-los'co-py, ex¬ 
amination of the rectum and the colon. — rec‘- 
to-cys-tot'o-my, surgical opening of the bladder 
through the rectum; proctocystotomy. — rec-to- 
gen'i-tal, relating to the rectum and the genitals. 

— rec-to-la'bi al, relating to the rectum and the 
labia pudendi.— rec-to-pex'i a, fixation of the rec¬ 
tum, as in prolapse due to malformation of the 
mesorectum.— rec-to-pho'bia, neurasthenic symp¬ 
toms often observed in those having rectal disease. 

— rec'to-scope, a speculum for examining the rec¬ 
tum ; proctoscope, trec-tos'co-py.—rec'to-ste-no'- 
sis, stricture of the rectum; proctostenosis.— rec- 
tos'to-my, the opening up of the rectum for stric¬ 
ture ; proctostomy.— rec-tot'o-my = proctotomy. 
trec'to-tome. — rec-tosu-re'te-ral, pertaining to 
the rectum and the ureter, as R. triangle. — 
rec'tosu-re'thral, pertaining to the rectum and the 
urethra, as R. fistula, a fistula connecting the rec¬ 
tum and the urethra.— rec'to=u'ter-ine, relating 
to or connected with the rectum and the uterus, 
as R. fold or ligament, one of the folds of the 
peritoneum extending between the sides of the 
rectum and the uterus; plica recto=uterina [Doug- 
lasi]*\ R. fossa, the space between the uterus and 
the rectum above the edges of the recto*uterine 
folds: and R. pouch, excavation, or cuUde^sac — 
RECTOVAGINAL POUCH.— rec'tosu-te-ri'nus, a band 
of unstriped muscle*fibres in a recto*uterine fold. 

— rec-to-vagfi-nal, pertaining to the rectum and 
the vagina, as R. fistula, an abnormal opening 
between the rectum and the vagina: R. fold, 
pouch, or cuUde^^sac, a pouch of the peritoneum 
between the upper part of the vagina and the 
rectum; Douglas’s pouch; excavaiio recto=^uterina 
[cavum Douglasi]*: R. hernia — rectocele: and 
R. septum, the partition separating the rectum 
and the vagina.— rec-to-ves'i-cal, pertaining to 
the rectum and the bladder, as R. fascia, the vis¬ 
ceral layer of the pelvic fascia: R. fistula, an ab¬ 
normal opening between the rectum and the 
bladder: R. fold, fossa, or pouch, the peritoneal 
pouch between rectum and bladder; excavatio rec- 
tovesicalis* : and R. lithotomy, lithotomy. 

rec'tum. The last, relatively straight portion of the 
large intestine, measuring about 12.5 Cm. (5 ins.), 
being a continuation of the sigmoid flexure of 
the colon above and the anus below; rectum in- 
testinum* , It is formed from the midgut and 
begins at the middle of the third sacral segment. 
By the older anatomists the rectum was de¬ 
scribed as commencing at the left sacro^iliac 
joint, thus making it one*third again as long. 
Columns of the r. = Morgagni’s column.® rec- 
TJE. Encysted r. of Physick, the pathological 
formation of pouches in the rectal mucous 
membrane. ^Hemorrhoid; prolapse of the 
rectum; rectal. [L. rec'tum intesti'num straight 
gut.] 

rec'tus. Right; straight; applied to muscles, etc. 
R. abdomfinis, the straight muscle of the abdo¬ 
men, on each side of the linea alba*, arising from 
the xiphoid process of the sternum and from 
the cartilages of the fifth, sixth, and seventh 
ribs, and inserted, by a strong tendon, into the 
crest and symphysis of the pubis; M. rectus ab¬ 
dominis*. R. abdom'inis posti'cus = quadratus 
lumborum. R. cap'itis anti'cus ma'jor, a muscle 
arising from the third to the sixth cervical ver¬ 
tebra and inserted into the basilar process of the 


occipital bone, lateral to the pharyngeal tuber¬ 
cle; M. longus capitis*. R. cap'itis anti'cus me'- 
dius, an occasional muscle arising by a tendon 
from the middle of the anterior surface of the 
body of the axis, near its lower border, and in¬ 
serted into the basilar process of the occipital 
bone in front of the foramen magnum and in¬ 
ternal to the insertion of the rectus capitis an- 
ticus minor. R. cap'itis anti'cus mi'nor, a short 
muscle extending between the atlas and the 
basilar process of the occipital bone; M. rectus 
capitis anterior*. R. cap'itis latera'lis, a muscle 
extending between the lateral mass of the atlas 
and the jugular process of the occipital bone; 
M. rectus capitis lateralis*. R. cap'itis posti'cus 
ma'jor, a muscle extending between the spinous 
process of the axis and the inferior curved line 
of the occipital bone; M. rectus capitis posterior 
major*. R. cap'itis posti'cus mi'nor, a small 
muscle extending between the posterior tubercle 
of the atlas and the inferior curved line of the 
occipital bone; M. rectus capitis posterior minor*. 
R. cru'ris or fem'oris, a muscle forming a portion 
of the quadriceps extensor cruris, having ten¬ 
dinous origins from the anterior inferior spine of 
the pubis and the ilium above the acetabulum, 
and inserted into the patella; M. rectus femoris*. 
R. latera'lis = R. capitis lateralis. R. media'- 
lis OC'uli = R. OCULI INTERNUS. R. OC'uU CX- 
ter'nus, a muscle arising from the outer margin 
of the optic foramen and the lower border of the 
sphenoidal fissure and inserted into the sclerotic 
near the cornea; abducens oculi; M. rectus lat¬ 
eralis*. R. oc'uli infe'rior, a muscle having a 
common origin with the rectus oculi internus 
and inserted into the lower portion of the 
sclerotic near the cornea; M. rectus inferior*. R. 
oc'uli inter'nus, a muscle arising from the lower 
inner border of the optic foramen and inserted 
into the nasal side of the sclerotic near the cor¬ 
nea; M. rectus medialis*. R. oc'uli supe'rior, a 
muscle arising from the upper border of the optic 
foramen and the sheath of the optic nerve and 
inserted into the upper portion of the sclerotic 
near the cornea; M. rectus superior*. R. sterna'- 
lis = STERNALis. R. thora'cis, an occasional mus¬ 
cle, similar to the sternalis, but lying deep-seat¬ 
ed, said to represent the upward continuation of 
the rectus abdominis internus. [L., straight.] 

re-cum'bent. Reclining. 

re-cu-pe-ra'tion. Recovery; restoration of health 
or strength, fre-cu'pe-ra-tive ; re-cu'pe-ra-to-ry. 

re-cur'rence. A return; the act of recurring or re¬ 
turning. 

re-cur'rens. = Relapsing fever. African r., a 
mild form of relapsing fever arising from the bite 
of infected Ornithodo'rus mouba'ta. 

re-cur'rent. i. Running back; applied to a nerve 
and to branches of arteries, nerves, etc. R. 
artery, a branch of the deep palmar arch to the 
carpal joints. R. artery, radial, radial. R. 
artery, tibial, a branch of the anterior tibial 
artery to the poplitaeus muscle and the ligaments 
of the knee. R. artery, ulnar, a branch of the 
ulnar artery to the elbow-joint. R. articular 
nerve, a branch from the external popliteal nerve 
to the knee-joint. R. interosseous artery, in¬ 
terosseous artery. R. nerve = meninge.\l 
NERVE. R. nerve of the inferior maxillary, a 
branch of the inferior maxillary as it enters the 
foramen ovale, which passes back into the skull 
by the foramen spinosum. R. nerve of the supe- 


RECURSUS PINEALIS 


815 


REDINTEGRATE 


rior maxillary, a branch of the superior maxillary 
near its origin, which runs to the dura mater and 
the middle meningeal artery. 2. Returning at 
intervals or after 
subsidence. R. 
bandage, a band¬ 
age that is carried 
alternately f o r - 
ward and back¬ 
ward with overlap¬ 
ping turns, as in 
covering the end 
of a limb. R. cap¬ 
sular cataract, a 
capsular cataract 
appearing after re¬ 
moval of the lens. 

R. disease, a disease which shows a tendency to 
return after its actual or apparent cure. R. ery¬ 
sipelas, a variety of erysipelas very prone to re¬ 
cur. R. fever = RELAPSING fever. R. fibroid, 
a spindlescelled sarcoma. R. hemorrhage = in¬ 
termediary HEMORRHAGE. R. insanity or mania, 
insanity with a tendency to intermit and to recur 
at intervals; periodic insanity. R. pulse, a pulse 
felt on the distal side of a compressed artery. R. 
sensibility, sensibility preserved by a spinal nerve 
after section of its posterior root between its gan¬ 
glion and the spinal cord. R. stricture = con¬ 
tractile STRICTURE. R. summer eruption = 
HYDROA PUERORUM. R. tumor, a tumor which 
returns after removal. [< L. recur'rens, fr. re- 
cur'rere to run back.] fre-cur'rent-ly. re-cur'- 
ring, as R. = intermediary hemor¬ 

rhage and R. utterance, the involuntary utterance 
of certain words, usually the last words uttered 
when taken ill. 

re-cur'sus pinea'lis. A diverticulum from the cavity 
of the third ventricle extending into the stalk 
and a short distance into the body of the cona- 
rium; pineal ventricle; pineal recess; ventriculus 
conarii. [L.] 

re-cur-va'tion. A bending backward. 

red. One of the least refrangible of the primary 
colors of the spectrum, of which there are many 
shades or varieties, as scarlet, crimson, pink, ver¬ 
milion, etc. R. ant, the For'mica ru'fa, contain¬ 
ing a volatile oil and formic acid. R. argol, the 
brownish crystalline crust of crude tartar which 
appears on the inside of barrels of red wine. R. 
atrophy, a diminution in size with reddish dis¬ 
coloration, as in the nutmeg liver. R. baneberry 
= Act.ea spicata. R. bark = Cinchona ru¬ 
bra*. R. bean, the seeds of Abrus precatorius. 
R.sberried elder, Sambucus pubens. R. blind¬ 
ness, partial colorsblindness in which red tints 
are not perceived as such. R. bloodscorpuscles, 
BLOODscoRPUSCLES. R. bone=marrow. i. 
Marrow. 2. A proprietary glycerine extract of 
red bone-marrow. R. bud = Cercis canadensis. 
R. bug = Leptus autumnalis. R. cedar, the, 
coniferous tree, Junip'erus Virginia'na, from 
which oil of cedar is obtained. R. chalk, a red 
mineral substance, consisting of clay and ferric 
oxide; reddle: used for marking and in medicine 
as an absorbent and astringent. R. chickweed 
= Anagallis arvensis. R. chromate, bichro¬ 
mate of potash. R. cinchona = Cinchona ru¬ 
bra*. R. clover = Tripolium pratense. R. 
corpuscles, blood-corpuscles. R. Cross So¬ 
ciety, a humane society with badge and flag show¬ 
ing a Greek cross in red on a white ground: 


formed for the aid of the sick and wounded in time 
of war, and enjoying certain privileges and im¬ 
munities under the 1864 Convention of Geneva. 
R. cuprous oxide, j^Fehling’s test. R. elm = 
Ulmus fulva. R. fever = dengue. R. fuming 
nitric acid, nitric acid formed by complete de¬ 
composition of nitrate and sulphuric acid at high 
temperature and containing the lower red oxides 
of nitrogen. R. gown=STROPHULUS intertinc- 
Tus. R.sgreen blindness, a form of color-blind¬ 
ness in which the patient cannot recognize red 
and green. R. gum, strophulus. R.sgum 
miliaria, a form of miliaria affecting nursing 
infants: usually attended with bowel disturb¬ 
ances and due to excessive swathing; miliaria 
strophulus. R. haematite, a native ferric oxide. 
R. indian paint = Sanguinaria*. R. hepatiza¬ 
tion, HEPATIZATION. R. induration, a firm, 
reddened condition of the lungs: seen in chronic 
pneumonia. R. infiltration, a reddish infiltration 
of a part, as of the lung in acute tuberculosis, in 
which the tissues are soft, granular, and hyper- 
aemic. R.sink berry = Phytolacca*. R. iodid' 
of mercury = HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM rubrum*. R. 
jaundice = phcenigmus. R. lead=LEAD tetrox- 
IDE. R. leg, a disease of frogs due to the Bad’. ■ 
lus hydroph'ilus fus'cus. R.slight treatment, 
exclusion of the actinic rays of light, as in small¬ 
pox. R. liquor, aluminum acetate: used as a 
mordant in dyeing. R. litharge, a reddish form 
of LITHARGE. R. litmus, litmus slightly acidified 
with a fixed acid: used as an indicate for alkali. 
R. marrow, marrow. R. mercu.ic iodide = 

HYDRARGYRI lODIDUM RUBRUM*. R. mtrCUric OX- 
ide = HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM RUBRUM*. R. mer- 
curic sulphide == CINNABAR. R. mixture, a mix- 
•ture of potassium nitrate, rock salt, sodium car¬ 
bonate, and molasses: used for injecting cadavers 
giving the muscles a bright-red color. R. neu¬ 
ralgia = ERYTHROMELALGiA. R. nightshade = 
Phytolacca*. R. nucleus = tegmental nu¬ 
cleus. R. orpiment, is- orpiment. R. oxide of 
mercury == hydrargyri oxidum rubrum*. R. 
pepper = Capsicum*. R. phosphorus, amorphous 

PHOSPHORUS. R. precipitate = HYDRARGYRI OXI¬ 
DUM rubrum*. R.prussiate of potash, potassium 
ferricyanide. R. puccoon = Sanguinaria. R. 
quebracho, a common adulterant of quebp. ycho. 
R. reflex, an appearance of luminosity on the 
retina. R. root. i. =Ceanothus americanus. 

2. = LaCHNANTHES TINCTORIA. R.srOt = DROSERA 
ROTUNDiFOLiA. R. sandal or saunders, ts- san- 
TALUM. R.sseed == Cham^lirium luteum. R.s 
sensitive endsorgans, that kind of end-organ in 
the eye which is sensitive to red rays. R. soften¬ 
ing, softening of the brain or spinal cord in which 
the diseased portion becomes red from absorption 
of effused blood. R. soldier, erysipelas. R. sweat 
= HiEMATiDROSis. R.stongue fever, typhoid 
fever. R. tourmaline, tourmaline. R. violet, 
a histological stain. R. vision = erythropia. 
R. water fever = Texas fever. R. wine = 
viNUM rubrum*. s^Congo-red; trypan red. 

re-dac'tus in pul'verem. Reduced to powder. [L.] 

red'dle. = Red chalk. 

re-de-cus'sate. To cross again. 

re'dia. One of the stages in the development of 
trematodes. 

re-di-ga'tur in pul'verem. Let it be reduced to 
powder. [L.] 

re-din'te-grate. Restored to soundness or com¬ 
pleteness; renovated. 



Recurrent Bandage ok the 
Head. 





RE'DRESSEMENT 


REFLEX 


816 


r^dressement (re-drt’s-mofi). The replacement of a 
displaced part; the correction of a deformity, 
Coaptation; reduction; reposition; taxis. 
re-dres'ser. One of various forms of instruments, 
as one for removing bodies from the bladder, 
reds. The menses. 

re-duce'. i. To restore to the normal position or 
state. Reduction. 2. To deoxidize, Re¬ 
ducing FLAME. 

re-duced'eye. = Listing’s schematic eye. R. 
haemoglobin, hemoglobin. R. iron = fer- 
RUM REDUCTUM*. R. pelvis, a pelvis equally 
contracted in all diameters; a justo minor pelvis, 
re-du'ci-ble. Capable of being reduced, as a hernia. 
re-du'cine. A leucomaine, Cj2H26NgOg, produced by 
the decomposition of urochrome. 
re-du'cing division. Extrusion of the polar bod¬ 
ies. R. flame, the inner portion of the blows 
pipe flame, used as for the deoxidation of metal¬ 
lic oxides or salts to a metal button, 
re-duc'tase. Any enzyme causing chenlical reduc¬ 
tion. 

r^ducteur (re-diic-t^r). An indiasrubber bag intro¬ 
duced into the rectum and inflated in order to 
replace a retroverted pregnant uterus. [F.] 
re-duc'tion. The returning of a dislocated bone 
into its natural situation; reposition. R. en bloc 
or en masse, returning of a hernia without re¬ 
lieving the constriction at the neck of the sac. 
[F.] False r., false, fre-duc'tase, any fer¬ 
ment causing chemical reduction, 
re-duc'tor. A bringer or leader back: applied to a 
muscle of the vertebral column. [L.] 
re-du'pli-ca-ted. Doubled. R. murmur, re- 

DUPLIC.\TION. 

re-du-pli-ca'tion. The act of doubling, as in the 
sounds of the heart, in ague of a double type, or 
in muscles. 

re-du'vi a. A hangnail. 

Redu'vius. A genus of epizoan insects of various 
species, as R. amoe'nus, the Borneo bug; R. cru- 
en'tus, the blood*thirsty bug; R. persona'tus, the 
fly=bug; and R. serra'ius, the Indian bug. 
re'dux. The return during the passing off of a dis¬ 
ease of signs or symptoms 
present at the start, but 
lost during the height of 
the disease, as R. crep'itus 
in resolving pneumonia, 
red'wa-ter fever. = Texas 
FEVER. PiROPLASMOSIS. 
reed'y nail. A condition in 
which the striae of the nails 
become more prominent 
than normal. 

reefsknot. A square knot 
used in ligating arteries; 
sailors’ knot. 

reelsfoot. Club=foot. Tal¬ 
ipes. 

reeling movements. Swaying 
from side to side and move¬ 
ments like those of a drunken person: seen in 
disease of the cerebellum, particularly of the 
middle lobe. 

resev-o-lu'tion. A phenomenon occurring after 
epileptic attacks, consisting of three stages: ina¬ 
bility to comprehend words; perception of words 
and echolalia without comprehension; and con¬ 
scious, voluntary (questioning) repetition of 
words without comprehension, but correct con¬ 
ception of the order of the letters. 


re-ferred' pain. Pain in one part due to affection of 
some other part, as pain in a testicle from renal 
colic; reflex pain. 

re-fine'. To purify; to free from extraneous mat¬ 
ter, as Refined naphtha, (s- naphtha petroleum. 
re-flec'ted light. Light thrown back from an object 
which it has struck. R. tendon, ts- Cooper’s re¬ 
flected TENDON. 

re-flec'tion. The turning back or rebounding of a 
body or force from a body upon which it im¬ 
pinges; a bending back of a body. Angle of r., 
the angle made by the line of direction of the 
reflected body or ray with a line which is perpen¬ 
dicular to the reflecting surface. [ < L. reflex'to, 



Improvised Reflector for Throat Examinations. 


fr. re ha.c'k+flee'tere to bend.] re-flec'tor, a device 
for reflecting; a mirror. 

reflex (ri'flccs or ri-flecs'). i. Reflected; caused by 
the conveyance of an impression to the central 
nervous system and its transmission through a 
motor nerve to the periphery. 2. A reflex action 
or movement, Reflection. In this sense it 
is often used loosely and interchangeably with 
Clonus, complex, phenomenon, reaction, sign, 
and SYMPTOM. Among the more important re¬ 
flexes are Abdominal, Accommodation, Achilles 
tendon (=tendo achillis). Anal, Argyll* 
Robertson’s (t^ ArgyllsRobertson’s pupil). At¬ 
tention, Aural, Babinski’s, Bechterew's (i»* 
Bechterew’s reaction). Biceps, Bulbocaver¬ 
nous, Chins, Chvostek’s, Ciliary, Ciliospinal, 
Consensual, Corneal, Cranial, Cremasteric, 
Crossed, Cutaneous, Davidsohn’s, Deep, 
Direct, Dorsal, Elbow, Epigastric, Erector 
spincB ( = dorsal), Eyelid^closure ( = corneal). 
Faucial, Femoral, Front*tap, Gluteal, Gut¬ 
tural, Haab’s pupil. Hypochondriac, Hy- 
pothenar. Indirect ( = crossed). Infraspina¬ 
tus, Interscapular, Iris^contraction ( = pupil¬ 
lary), Jaws, Knee* (= kneesjerk). Laryn¬ 
geal, Ltds ( = corneal), Ltglt^s ( = light spot). 
Lumbar ( = dorsal). Muscular, Nasal, Ob¬ 
lique ( = cremasteric), Obliquus, Palatal, 
Palmar. Paradoxic patellar. Paradoxic pupil¬ 
lary (^pupillary). Penile or penis, Peri¬ 
osteal, Peroneal, Pharyngeal, Piltz's ( = at¬ 
tention), Plantar, Platysma, Pupillary, Rec¬ 
tal, Red, Reinforced, Scapular, Sexual, Skin 
(= platysma), Skinspupillary, (== plan¬ 
tar), Spinal, Superficial ( = cutaneous), Su- 




REFLEXA 


817 


REGIO 


PINATOR LONGUS, TeNDO ACHILLIS, TeNDON, ToE, 
Urinary (= vesical), Vesical, Vestigial, Vir¬ 
ile, Visceral, Watered silk, Weiss’s, West- 
phal’s pupillary, and Wrists. R. action, an 
involuntary action excited by a stimulus conveyed 
by an afferent nerve to a nervescentre and trans¬ 
mitted to the periphery by an efferent nerve. R. 
amblyopia or amaurosis, a transient blindness fol¬ 
lowing peripheral irritation of the fifth cranial 
nerve, as by a diseased molar tooth. R. arc, the 
afferent nerve, nervescentre, and efferent nerve 
through which a reflex action is performed; dias- 
tatic arc. R. asthma, asthma due to reflex causes, 
and including amygdaline, cutaneous, gastric and 
nasal asthmas. R. centre, a centre of the brain at 
which the afferent sensory impression is changed 
to an efferent motor one. R. cough, a cough caused 
by reflex irritation starting from some remote part. 

Stomachscough ; earscough. R. dyspepsia, 
dyspepsia due to reflex causes. R. epilepsy, epi¬ 
lepsy caused by a peripheral irritation, as that 
caused by a scar. R. function, a function due to 
reflex action. R. headache, headache due to dis¬ 
ease of some other organs, as the eyes, stomach, 
and genital organs; symptomatic headache. R. 
iridoplegia, iridoplegia. R. irritation, a con¬ 
dition of irritation due to influences originating 
in other parts; sympathetic irritation. R. liga¬ 
ment of ColleS = TRIANGULAR LIGAMENT, def. 2 . 
R. movement, a reflex action consisting of an in¬ 
voluntary movement of the muscles. R. multi- 
plicator, an instrument for registering tendon* 
reflexes, especially of the knee. R. nerve, a nerve 
capable of inducing reflex action. R. spinal 
nerves, those of the spinal system of nerves which 
convey motor impulses from the spinal cord in 
consequence of impressions made upon the sur¬ 
face of the body, Reflex action. R. neu¬ 
ralgia, neuralgia due to disease of a distant organ. 
R. neurosis, a functional nervous disease due to an 
affection of some part other than that in which 
disease is manifest. R. pain = referred pain. 
R. paralysis, paralysis due to injury or disease of 
other parts. R. streak, a white, shining streak 
extending along the centre of the vessels in the 
retina, due to reflection of light from the anterior 
surface of the column of blood. R. time = re¬ 
action PERIOD. [< L. reflex'us, fr. re back -t- 
flec'tere to bend.] 

re-flex'a. Decidua reflexa. [L.] 
re-flexed'. Bent outward or backward, or curved 
backward excessiveljL 
re-flex'ion. = Reflection. 

re-flex-o-gen'ic. Causing or increasing reflexes, 
re-flex'o-graph. An apparatus for the graphic rep¬ 
resentation of tendon reflexes, 
re-flex-om'e-ter. An instrument for determining 
the force necessary to produce myotatic move¬ 
ments. 

re'flux. Reversed flow of a current, 
re-frac'ta do'si. In several repeated doses. [L., 
“ in a broken dose.”] 

re-frac'tion. The deviation of a ray of light, heat, 
or sound from its original direction on entering 
obliquely a medium of a different density. Angle 
of r., the angle between the refracted ray and a 
line perpendicular to the surface of the refracting 
medium. Coeflacient of r., the number obtained 
by dividing the sine of the angle of incidence by 
the sine of the angle of refraction. Double r., re¬ 
fraction in which the incident ray is split into 
two refracted rays so as to produce a double 
52 


image of the object. It is produced by Iceland 
spar, ts- Nicol’s prism. Dynamic r., the re¬ 
fractive power of the eye when resting from 
accommodative effort. Index of r., the coeffi¬ 
cient of R. Index. Ocular r., the passive 
power of the media of a normal eye to refract 
light, thus producing a proper image on the 
retina. R. ophthalmoscope, an ophthalmoscope 
having a great number of media of refraction 
which during examination can be quickly changed 
the one for the other. Plane of r., a plane pass¬ 
ing through a refracted ray of light perpendic¬ 
ular to the surface of the refracting medium. 
Static r., the refractive power of the eye when 
at its utmost accommodative effort. [< L. 
refrac'iio.] t^e-fract'. re-frac'ting. re-frac'tion- 
ist. re-frac'tive. re-frac-tiv'i-ty. 
re-frac-tom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring re¬ 
fraction. fre-frac-to-met'ric. re-frac-tom'e-try. 
re-frac'to-ry. i. Obstinate; resistent. R. metal, 
a metal difficult to melt or to work with. R. 
period, a period of the cardiac cycle beginning 
with the onset of systole and ending with the 
application of the stimulus. 2. Not susceptible; 
immune, Immunity. 

re-frac'ture. Breaking of a previously fractured 
bone to relieve deformity. 

re-fran-gi-bil'i-ty. The tendency of luminous rays 
to be refracted or bent in piissing obliquely from 
one transparent medium into another, or in 
traversing a medium the density of which is not 
uniform. Aberration of r., chromatic aberra¬ 
tion. fre-fran'gi-ble. 

re-fresh', re-fresh'en. To freshen or make raw the 
edges of a wound by paring off unhealthy tissue, 
re-frig'e-rant. i. Cooling; reducing the bodily tem¬ 
perature. 2. An agent having the foregoing 
effects, fre-frig-e-ra'tion. 
ref'use. That which is left over and thus usually 
worthless. Dry r., ashes, sweepings, garbage, etc. 

Sewage. 

re-fu'sion. The process of drawing the blood from 
the body and then restoring it by infusion after 
the poisonous bodies (coahgas, etc.) have been 
removed from it. 

re-gard', plane of. A plane passing through the 
centre of rotation on the point of fixation of the 
eye. R., point of, the point at which the eye is 
directly looking. 

re-gen-e-ra'tion. The reproduction of a part lost 
by disease or injury, or recovery from disease, 
fre-gen'e-ra-tive, as R. inflammation, that which 
results in the formation of cicatricial tissue, 
re'gent’s ointment. An ointment of i part of mer¬ 
curic oxide, I part of lead acetate, i part of 
camphor, and 18 parts of vaselin. 
re-gi-an'in. =Juglone. It becomes re-gi-an'ic acid 
on treating with hydrochloric acid, 
regimen (r^j' 7 -men). A rational and methodical 
course of life in respect to food, etc. [< L. re'- 
gere to rule; Fr. rigime.] fre-gini'i-nal. 
re'gi o. A region or territory. Among the chief 
anatomical regions are: R. abdomina'lis latera'- 
lis*', R. acromia'lis*', R. ana'lis*', R. aniibra'- 
chii dorsa'lis*, radia'lis*, ulna'ris*, and vola'- 
ris* ', R. au'lica, the region about the aqueduct of 
Sylvius; R. auricula'ris* \ R. axilla'ris*, region oi 
the axilla of the lateral portion of the chest; R. 
bra'chii ante'rior*, later a'Us*, media'lis*, and 
poste'rior* ; R. bucca'lis* ; R. calca'nea* ; R. 
clavicula'ris* ; R. col'li*', R. col'li ante'rior, 
latera'lis*, and poste'rior*-, R. costa'lis latera'lis*-, 


REGION 


R. cru'ris anie'rior*, latera'lis*, media'lis*, and 
paste'rior*\ R. cox'ce*\ R. cu'biti ante'rior*, 
latera'lis*, media'Us*, and poste'rior*\ R. deltoi'- 
dea* ; R. dorsa'lis ma'nus*\ R. dorsa'lis pe'- 
dis*', R. epigas'trica* \ R. femo'ris ante'rior*, 
latera'lis*, media'Us*, and poste'rior*', R. fronta'- 
Us*\ R. ge'nu ante'rior* and poste'rior*', R. glu- 
tae'a*', R. hyoi'dea*', R. hypochondri'aca*, hypo¬ 
chondriac region of the abdomen; R. hypogas'- 
trica*, hypogastric region of the abdomen; R. in- 
fraclavicula'ris*, region below clavicle of anterior 
region of breast; R. inframamma'Us* ; R. infraor- 
bita'lis*', R. infrascapula'ris*R. inguinalis*', R. 
inter scapula'ris*', R. labia'Us inf e'rior* and supe'- 
rior*', R. larynge'a*', R. lumba'lis*', R. malleola'- 
ris latera'lis* and medialis*', R. mamma'lis*', R. 
mastoi'dea*', R. media'na dor'si*', R. menta'lis*, 
region of the chin; R. mesogas'trica*', R. nasa'lis*', 
R. nu'chce*, region of the nape of the neck; R. 
occipita'lis*', R. olec'rani*', R. olfacto'ria*, the 
upper part of the nasal cavity, which has espe¬ 
cially to do with the function of smell; R. ora'- 
lis*', R. orbita'lis*R. palpebra'lis infe'rior* and 
supe'rior*', R. parieta'lis*', R. parotideomasseter'- 
ica*', R. patella'ris*', R. pec'toris anterior* and 
latera'lis*', R. perinea'Us*', R. planta'ris pe'dis; 
R. pu'bica*', R. pudenda'Us*', R. respirato'ria*, 
the lower part of the nasal cavity, which has 
especially to do with the function of respiration; 
R. retromalleola'ris latera'lis*, and media'Us*', R. 
sacra'Us*', R. scapula'ris*', R. sterna'lis*', R. ster- 
nocleidomastoi'dea*', R. subhyoi'dea*', R. submax- 
illa'ris*', R. submenta'lis*', R. subthalam'ica, ts- 
suBTHALAMic REGION; R. supraorbita'Us*', R. 
suprascapula'ris*', R. suprasterna'lis*R. sura- 
lis*, region of calf of the leg; R. iempora'lis*', R. 
thyreoi'dea; R. trochanter'ica*', R. umbilica'lis*', 
R. urogenita'lis *; R. vola'ris ma'nus*, volar region 
of hand; and R. zygomat'ica*. [L.] 
re'gion. A particular portion of the body or of one 
of its organs. For the various anatomical regions 
see the adjectives and regio. tre'gion-al, as R. 
anatomy, anatomy of limited portions of the body 
and R. = topographical diagnosis. 

Regnault’s anaesthetic (ren-yoz). A mixture of 4 
parts of chloroform and i of methyl alcohol. 
Regnoli’s operation (ren'yo-liz). Excision of the 

tongue through an opening made by a curved in¬ 
cision below the lower jaw. 
re-gres'sive. Retreating; going backward. R. 

metamorphosis, retrograde metamorphosis. R. 

paralysis, acute atrophic paralysis. R. stage, 
that stage of a disease marked by abatement. 
[< L. reg'redi to go back.] fre-gres'sion. 
reg'u-lar. i. Normal. 2. Menstruating at proper 
intervals. 3. A term sometimes applied to an 
allopathic physician or medical school in contra¬ 
distinction to homoeopathic, eclectic, osteopathic, 
etc. R. astigmatism, ts- astigmatism. R. gout 
— PODAGRA regularis. R. pulse, a pulse whose 
rhythm is regular. R. segmentation, segmenta¬ 
tion in which the spheres are of equal size and 
are arranged symmetrically, 
reg'u-lin. A proprietary preparation under form of 
agarsagar with 20% of an aqueous extract of 
cascara sagrada. 

reg'u-lus. A pure metal fused from its ore. 
re-gur-gi-ta'tion. A flowing back; a flowing the 
wrong way: applied, for example, to the flowing 
back of the blood from the ventricles into the 
auricles of the heart as in mitral r.; also to the 
passive vomiting of infants, and to the rising of 


REJUVENATION 

food to the mouth in adults. [< L. regurgita'- 
tio, fr. re again or back -f- gurgita're to flood.] 
tre-gur'gi-tant. 

Reichert’s cartilage (rai'cnerts). A cartilage seen 
in the hyoid arch of the foetus, which afterward 
develops into the stylohyoid ligaments, the 
styloid process, and the lesser horns of the hyoid 
bone. R.’s membrane. = Bowman’s mem¬ 
brane. R. value, the definite proportion of vol¬ 
atile fatty acids obtained in 2.5 Gm. of fat by 
distillation. [K. Reichert, German embryologist, 
1811-1883.] 

Reichmann’s disease (raicn'manz). Hypersecretion 
of gastric fluids, with dilatation of the stomach 
and hypertrophy of its walls and glands, violent 
gastralgia, and vomiting, and usually followed by 
the formation of ulcers; gastrosuccorrhcea. 
Reid’s basesline. A line from the centre of the ex¬ 
ternal auditory meatus to the lower edge of the 
orbit. R.’s method, i. Reduction of disloca¬ 
tions of the hip by manipulation. 2. The use of 
Esmarch’s bandage for the treatment of aneu¬ 
rism of the extremities. 

Reil’s ansa. =Ansa peduncularis*. R.’s band 

= MODERATOR BAND. R.’s fiSSUre = VALLECULA 
REiLi. R.’s island = ISLAND OF Reil. r.’s line, 
a ridge descending posteriorly from the summit 
of the pyramid of the cerebellum; linea em- 
inens. R.’s posterior sulcus, a deep groove 
between the island of Reil and the upper surface 
of the temporosphenoidal lobe. [J. C. Reil, 
Dutch or German physician, 1758-1813.] 
redm-plan-ta'tion. The putting back of something 
that has been taken out: especially of a tooth 
into its socket. 

re-in-fec'tion. A second infection by a similar 
agent, as in syphilis after recovery from a previ¬ 
ous attack. 

re-in-forced' reflex. Increased reflex movement 
when synchronous, mental, or muscular actions 
are performed, as when the hands are clenched 
together forciblv when eliciting the knee-jerk, 
re-in-fu'sion. Refusion. 
re-in-oc-u-la'tion. A reinfection by inoculation, 
reins (renz). The kidneys; the lower part of the 
back. [< L. ren kidney.] 

Reinsch’s test (rainsh'^'z). A test for arsenic in 
which the liquid is acidulated with HCl, and the 
arsenic, if any is present, is deposited as a gray 
film on a piece of copper immersed in the boiling 
mixture, Marsh’s test. 
re-in-ver'sion. Restoration to the normal of an 
inverted organ, as of the uterus. 

Reisseisen’s muscles (rais'ai-sfnz). The muscular 
elements of the bronchial tubes. 

Reissner’s canal (rais'n^rz). The cochlear canal. 
R. flbres, large fibres existing in the spinal cord 
of fishes and amphibians, having a peculiar 
relation to an ependymal organ (sub-commissural 
organ) in the roof of the aqueduct of Sylvius: in 
man the organ is vestigial. R.’s membrane, the 
membrana vestibularis, a delicate membrane 
stretching between the lamina spiralis and the 
periosteum of the cochlea and separating the 
cochlear canal and the scala vestibuli. [Ernst 
Reissner, German physician, 1824-1874.] 
re-jec-ta-men'ta. The excrement. [L.] 
re-jec'tion. The act of rejecting or casting away: 
expulsion. 

re-ju-ve-na'tion. The act of growing young again, 
as a transformation of a vegetative cell into a 
cell of a different type, tre’ju-ve-nes'cence. 


RELAPSE 


819 


RENAL 


re-lapse'. The return .of a disease which had ap¬ 
parently ceased during or immediately after con¬ 
valescence, as in typhoid fever, or of a deformity, 
as in clubsfoot after tenot¬ 
omy or in HABITUAL dis¬ 
location. tre-laps'i-ble. 
re-lap'sing fever. A specific, 
infectious, continued, non* 
eruptive fever caused bv 
the SPIROCH.ETA OBERMEI- 
ERi and characterized by a 
tendency to relapse at in¬ 
tervals of from five to seven 
days and for an indefinite 
number of times; febris 
recurrens; famine fever, 
seven=day fever; recurrent 
fever; relapsing typhus. 

^ Ornithodorus mou- 

BATA. 

rel'a-tive cardiac dulness. 

Cardiac dulness. R. 
humidity, i^humidity. 

R. hypermetropia, hypermetropia. R. near 
point, t^NEAR point. R. scotoma, scotoma. 
R. strabismus, ^strabismus. 
re-lax-a'tion. In physiology, the reverse of con¬ 
traction or tension; looseness; want of muscular 
tone or vigor. R. of the pelvic joints, loosening 
of the joints of the pelvis sometimes seen in preg¬ 
nancy. R. suture, a suture introduced at some 
distance from the margin of a wound, carried 
across it, and made to emerge at some distance 
on the opposite side. It is inserted to relieve the 
tension of the wound*sutures. [< L. relaxa'tio.1 
The act of relaxing, or state of being relaxed, 
fre-lax'. re-lax'ant. re-lax-ant'i a or re-lax'ants, 
substances which relax and soften parts that are 
inflamed, or which diminish tension, re-lax'a-tive. 
I. Laxative. 2. A laxative medicine, 
re-lief'. In dentistry, a space formed upon an arti¬ 
ficial denture’s maxillary surface to prevent it 
resting unnecessarily upon hard tissues. R. inci¬ 
sion, an incision made to relieve the distention of 
a part. R. suture — relaxation suture. 
re-lig'ious mania. Mania in which the leading idea 
is of a religious nature, or in which religious 
emotion is the exciting cause. 

Remak’s band (ri-macs'). An axis*cylinder. R.’s 
contraction, a variety of contraction seen in pro¬ 
gressive muscular atrophy on the application of 
the electrical current. The positive electrode is 
applied above and the negative below the fifth 
cervical vertebra, and the contractions occur on 
the side opposite the anode. R. fibre, a non* 
medullated nerve*fibre. R.’s ganglion, a ganglion 
in the wall of the right auricle of the heart. R.’s 
stratum, a layer of medullated nerve*fibres below 
the first laj'er of the cerebral cortex. R.’s symp¬ 
tom, prolongation of the time elapsing before a 
pain is perceived: seen in locomotor ataxia. [L. 
Remak, German neurologist, 1815-1865.] 
re-man'sio men'sium. Amenorrhoea. [L.] 
rem'e-dy. That which is employed in the treat¬ 
ment of diseases, whether palliative, preventive, 
or curative. Secret remedies, all those agents 
exploited for the prevention and cure of disease 
of man and animals, of which, when possible, the 
ingredients, percentage composition, and method 
of preparation are not made known to physicians 
and pharmacists in readily comprehensible lan¬ 
guage. [< L, rente'dium, fr. re again + to 


heal.] fre-me'di al, medicinal, healing; aft'ord- 
ing a remedy. 

Remij'ia. A genus of rubiaceous shrubs and trees, 
some of which contain cuprea bark, valued as a 
source of quinine. ^Vieirin. 

re-mis'sion. An abatement or diminution of symp¬ 
toms; ablation. ^Intermission. 

re-mit'tent, re-mit'ting. Abating at intervals. R. 
fever or malaria, a malarial fever, especially of 
the aestivo*autumnal type. R. limp, an inter¬ 
mittent form of limp seen in early stage of hip* 
joint disease, Intermittent claudication. 

re-mote' cause. = Predisposing cause. 

re-mov'al. In surgery the removal of an organ or 
part is most frequently designated by the termi¬ 
nation -ECTOMY, as cholecystectomy, removal of 
the gallsbladder. 

ren, pi. re'nes. The kidney. R. mob'ilis, movable 
kidney; floating kidney. R. succenturia'tus, the 
suprarenal body. [L.] 

re'nal. Belonging to the kidney, Bright’s 
disease; nephritis. R. apoplexy, hemorrhage 
into the substance of the kidney. R. artery, a 
branch of the aorta to the kidney and the supra¬ 
renal body; arteria renalis*. R. asthma, dysp¬ 
noea occurring in Bright’s disease. R. calculus 
= nephrolith. R. canal, a ureter, especially in 
an elementary condition. R. capsule = supra¬ 
renal BODY. R. casts, minute moulds or casts 
of uriniferous tubules, found in the urine in dis¬ 
ease of the kidney; tube*casts. R. colic, severe 
paroxysms of pain caused by the entrance or 
passage of a calculus into or along the ureter; 
nephralgia. R. columns = Bertin’s columns. 
R. corpuscles = Malpighian bodies. R. cyst, 
a cyst in the substance or on the surface of 
the kidney; seen especially in chronic interstitial 
nephritis. R. decortication, decortication. 
R. dropsy, dropsy resulting from renal disease. 
R. duct, the ureter. R. dyspnoea, dyspnoea oc¬ 
curring in Bright’s disease. R. epistaxis, uni¬ 
lateral renal haematuria; renal haemophilia. R. 
ganglia, small ganglia in the renal plexus. 
R. gland or capsule = suprarenal body. R. 
haematuria, ts- h.ematuria. R. haemophilia = 
R. epistaxis. R. impression, an impression on 
the under surface of the liver caused by the 
right kidney; impressio renalis*. R. inadequa¬ 
cy, a condition in which the amount and solids 
of the urine are deficient without there being any 
discoverable lesion of the kidneys. R. ischuria, 
retention of the urine due to kidney trouble. R. 
lithotomy, lithotomy. R. medulla, the sub¬ 
stance of the renal pyramids. R. nerves, some 
15 small nerves derived from the renal plexus 
and renal splanchnic nerve, and distributed to the 
kidney. R. papillas, the free summits of the 
renal pyramids which project into the pelvis of 
the kidney: papillae renales*. They exhibit,a 
number of minute orifices, the termination of the 
uriniferous tubules. R. plethysmometer, an on¬ 
cometer. R. plexus, a sympathetic plexus upon 
the renal artery, distributed mainly to the kid¬ 
ney; plexus renalis*. R. pulse, a tense, full pulse 
seen in cases of chronic nephritis. R. pyramids, 
the cone*shaped segments making up the me¬ 
dulla of the kidney, the apices of which project 
into the calices; malpighian pyramids; py- 
ramides renales [Malpighii]*. R. sand, small 

gritty particles of uric*acid sediment found es¬ 
pecially in the pelvis of the kidney. R. splanch¬ 
nic nerve, the smallest splanehnic nerve. R, 


O O 



o 


Spirillum of Relaps¬ 
ing Fever in Blood. 
(Wilson.) 


RENCULIN 


820 


RESIDUAL 


stimulant, a medicine which will produce di¬ 
uresis. R. storm, severe paroxysmal pain in the 
region of the kidneys, often accompanying aortic 
regurgitation. R. veins, veins removing blood 
from the kidneys and emptying into the inferior 
vena cava; emulgent veins; venae renales^. 
ren'cu-lin. An albuminoid said to exist in the 
adrenals. 

Ren-du’s tremor. A variety of tremor which may 
or may not persist during sleep, but which is in¬ 
creased by any volitional movement, 
ren'go fruit. Used in obesity. [If J. A.M .A. ij. ’o6.] 
re-ni-cap'sule. The suprarenal body, fren-i-cap'- 
su-lar. 

ren-i-car'di ac. Pertaining to kidney and heart, 
re-nic'u-lus, ren'cu-lus. A lobule of the kidney, 
ren'i-form. Formed like the 
kidney; as R. pelvis, a pelvis 
whose inlet is kidney^shaped: 
and R. leaf. 

ren-i-glan'du-lar. = Renicap- 

SULAR. 

ren'in. An animal extract pre¬ 
pared from kidneys, 
ren-i-por'tal. A term denoting 

the portal venous system of the kidneys, 
ren-i-punc'ture. The opening of the capsule of the 
kidney for the pain of albuminuria, 
ren-i-sex'u al. Renal and sexual, 
re-ni'tent. Resisting pressure. [< L. re back + 
ni'ti to strive.] tr®“^f^tence. 
ren'net or run'net. An infusion of the mucous 
membrane of the fourth stomach of a calf, or the 
mucous membrane itself, which has the property 
of coagulating milk. R.swhey, rennet; whey. 
R .swine, a vinous infusion of the dried stomach 
of the calf. 

re-nix'i-grade bandage. A hernial bandage with 
two superposed parts for graduating the pressure 
applied. [ < L. renix'us resistance -1- gra'dus de¬ 
gree. ^Lt. ’o8.] 

ren'nin. A ferment of gastric juices of many ani¬ 
mals which causes the thickening of milk by co¬ 
agulating its caseinogen; chymosin. 
ren-nin'o-gen. The hypothetical body from which 
rennin is derived. 

ren'o-form. A proprietary name for the active 
principle of the suprarenal capsule, CigHjgNOg. 
re-no-gas'tric, re-no-in-tes'ti-nal, re-no-pul'mo-na- 
ry» etc. Pertaining to the kidney and stomach, 
kidney and intestines, kidney and lungs, etc. re*- 
no-re'nal reflex, the affecting of the action of one 
kidney by a stimulus from the other, as in com¬ 
plete anuria from a single ureteral calculus, 
ren-o-va'ted butter. Butter, usually of a poor 
quality, which has been melted and reworked 
with milk or cream. 

re-no-ve'tur se'mel. Renew once only. [L.] 
ren'u-ent. Causing a nodding motion of the head, 
ren'ule. A small kidney; a lobe of the kidney. 
[Dim. of L. ren kidney.] 

re-or-gan-i-za'tion. Recovery by the reproduction 
of the same kind of tissue elements which existed 
before the disease or injury, being a higher degree 
of healing than cicatrization. 
re-os'si-fy. To ossify a second time, 
re-pan'di-tas. = Lordosis. 
re-par'a-tive. Capable of repairing or restoring, 
re-pa'ten-cy. The opening of a part or cavity pre¬ 
viously closed. R. of a vessel, reopening of the 
lumen of a ligated vessel from slipping of the 
knot or too rapid absorption of the ligature. 


re-pelTent. i. Driving back: applied to medicines 
which cause diseases to recede from the surface. 
2. An agent having the above effect, 
re-per-co-la'tion. A percolation of a powdered 
drug with a part of the percolate obtained from 
a portion of the same drug, 
re-per-cus'sion. i. Repellent action ; the dispelling 
or driving in of an eruption; the sudden disap¬ 
pearance of a tumor or exanthem. 2. Ballotte- 
ment. 

re-per-cus'sive. = Repellent. 
rep-e-ta'tur, rep-e-tan'tur. “ Let it be repeated ” or 
“ let them be repeated ”: abbr. rep. or repet. [L.] 
re-plan-ta'tion. = Reimplantation. 
re-ple'tion. The state of being full; plethora. 
re-po-si'tion. The act of replacing or putting back 
in its normal position, as of a hernia; reduction, 
re-pos'i-tor. An instrument for restoring a dis¬ 
placed structure to its normal position, 
rep-ri-men'ti a, rep'ri-ments. Repressing medicines; 
remedies for fluxes, as astringents, acid stimu¬ 
lants, etc. [< L. repri'mere to repress.] 
re-pro-duc'tion. The production by organized 
bodies of others similar to themselves, fre-pro- 
duc'tive, as R. organs, the vagina, uterus, ovi¬ 
ducts, and ovaries in the female, and the penis, 
testicles, spermatic duct, vesiculae seminales, and 
prostate gland in the male, and R. sense, the in¬ 
stinct which leads an animal to the act of pro¬ 
creation. re-pro-duc-tiv'i-ty. 
rep-til'ian heart. =Cor biloculare. frep-til-i-o- 
ma'nia. [T[ I.M. ’o6.] 

re-pul-lu-la'tion. The return of a morbid growth, 
re-pul'sion. That power or tendency which impels 
the particles of matter to separate, or prevents 
them from coming into actual contact, and is in 
constant opposition to attraction, tre-pul'sive. 
res. A thing or things; a matter. R. naturaTes, 
“natural things,” a term formerly applied to the 
principle of life, and to such elements, humors, 
etc., as were supposed to constitute the nature or 
life of man. R. non=natura'les, “ non^natural 
things,” those principal things and substances 
which contribute to the support of life, viz., air, 
meat and drink, motion and rest, sleep, etc. 
re-sal'gin. Antipyrine resorcylate: an antiseptic, 
re-sec'ting fracture. A fracture caused by a rifle= 
ball taking a piece out of the bone, 
re-sec'tion. Excision of a portion of an organ or 
part, as of a rib in the Estlander operation, of 
the larynx, or of the sciatic nerve, t^e-sec'- 
tion-al. 

re-serve'air. = Supplemental air. 
res'er-voir. A place where anything is kept in 
store; a cavity, basin, or cistern in which water 
or other liquid is accumulated. R. of Pecquet, 
the RECEPTACULUM cHYLi. R. of the thymus, a 
formerly supposed central cavity in the thymus 
gland, now known to be filled with soft lymphoid 
cells. [< L. reserva're to reserve.] 
re-set'. To set over again, as a fracture, 
res'i-dent physician. The physician who lives in 
the hospital (or sometimes near by), who has the 
routine medical oversight of the patients, under 
the supervision of a chief, and who is supposed 
to be within call while on duty; interne, 
re-sid'u-al. Pertaining to the residuum; remain¬ 
ing. R. abscess, i. An abscess formed around 
the place of an old wound or previous focus of 
inflammation. 2. An old abscess whose contents 
have been mostly absorbed. R. affinity, the type 
of affinity which a chemical compound, although 



Reniform Leaf. 


RESIDUUM 


821 


RESPIRATION 


saturated, still shows, as that of a salt for water 
of crystallization, or the affinity that causes ad¬ 
sorption. R. air, the air (about 600 Cc.) which 
cannot be expelled from the lung, but remains 
after a complete expiration, ts* Supplemental 
AIR. R. pressure, the slight hydrostatic pressure 
found in the larger blood-vessels after death. R. 
urine, the urine that is left in the bladder after uri¬ 
nation in certain cases of partial retention, 
re-sid'u-um. The residue; matter which remains 
after a chemical operation; that which is left 
after any process of separation or purification, 
re-sil'i-ent stricture. A stricture of elastic tissue 
inclined to contract, and so making permanent 
dilatation impossible; contractile stricture, 
resfin. i. An amorphous, non-volatile, fusible, 
saponifiable body, insoluble in water, found as 
an exudate from various trees or plants, or ob¬ 
tained by distillation, etc., from various bodies. 
2. Rosin, the residue from the distillation of 
white turpentine. 3. A resinous body precipitated 
by water from alcoholic tinctures of various drugs. 
R. of birch = BETULiN. R. cerate = ceratum 
RESINA*. R. of copaiba = RESINA copaib.-e. R. 
of jalap = RESINA JALAPS*. R. plaster = EM- 
PLASTRUM RESIN.E. R. of podophyllum = RESINA 
PODOPHYLLI*. R. of scammony = resina scam- 
MONii*. R. of thapsia, resin obtained from Thap'- 
sia gargan'ica. R. of turpeth, resin obtained from 
the bark of the root of Ipomae'a Turpe'ihmn. [< 
L. res'ina.] fres'l-nate, a salt of any of the tur¬ 
pentine acids, res'i-noid; res'i-nous, as R. elec¬ 
tricity, static electricity of the kind which is de¬ 
veloped by the friction of resinous bodies; nega¬ 
tive electricity. 

re-si'na*. The U. S. P. name for rosin, the residue 
left after distilling off the volatile oil from tur¬ 
pentine. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). Resin; 
OLEORESiN. R. al'ba, white resin; purified rosin. 

Resin, def. 2. R. copai'bae, the i8go U. S. P. 
name for the residue left after distilling off the 
volatile oil from copaiba; resin of copaiba. Dose, 
0.3 to 1.3 Gm. (5 to 20 grs.). R. fla'va, yellow 
resin. Resin, def. 2. R. jala'pae*, a resinous 
precipitate from an alcoholic tincture of jalap, of 
which it is the active portion; resin of jalap. 
Dose, 0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). R. podophyl'li*, a resi¬ 
nous precipitate from an alcoholic tincture of po¬ 
dophyllum; resin of podophyllum; podophyllin. 
Dose, as a laxative, 0.005 Gm. gr.); as a pur¬ 
gative, 0.015 Gm. (i gr.). R. scammo'nii*, a 
resinous precipitate from a tincture of scammony; 
resin of scammony Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). 
res'i-nol. A proprietary tar ointment, 
re-sis'tance. i. The quality possessed by a con¬ 
ductor of resisting the passage of an electric cur¬ 
rent. R. coil, a coil of wire inserted into a cir¬ 
cuit for the production of additional resistance. 
External r., the resistance in the circuit outside 
of the cell of a battery; non-essential resistance. 
Internal r., resistance within the cell of a battery ; 
essential resistance. 2. The property possessed 
by certain forms of living matter or of organized 
bodies under certain conditions of withstanding 
cold, pathogenic bacteria, etc. R. treatment, 
Schott’s method. [< L. resis'tere, to withstand.] 
tre -sis'tive, as R. melancholia. 
res-o-lu'tion. The act of resolving or solving; anal¬ 
ysis: decomposition. One of the terminations of 
inflammation, in which it gradually disappears 
without abscess or mortification, as R. of the lung 
in croupous pneumonia, where the inflammatory 


products are converted into fluids by autolytic 
ferments, enter the lymph-channels, and are thus 
carried away. R. of anaesthesia, complete anaes¬ 
thesia. R. of inflammation, resolution. [< 
L. resol'vere, resolu'tum to unbind, to resolve.] 
tre-sol-ven'ti a, remedies which promote resolu¬ 
tion. re-sol'vent; re-sol'ving, as R. power, the 
power of a microscope to give distinct images of 
the constituent parts of an object, 
res'o-nance. i . The prolongation of sound by re¬ 
flection. 2. The sound evoked on percussion. 

Bruit; fremitus; murmur, rale; sound. 
Varieties of resonance are Amphoric, Bandbox, 
Bell-metal, Cough-, Cracked-metal, Hydatid, 
Skodaic, Tympanitic, Vesicular, Vesiculotym¬ 
panic, Vocal, and Whispering. R. organs, the 
supralaryngeal cavities, which modify the vocal 
sounds. [< L. ha.c\^-\-sona're to sound.] fres'- 
o-nant. res'o-na-tor. 

res-o-py'rin. A resorcin and antipyrine mixture, 
re-sor-ben'ti a. Remedies which promote resorp¬ 
tion. [< L. resorbe're to suck back.] tJ^®“Sor'- 
bent, as R. cotton. 

re-sor'bin. A proprietary ointment-base, especially 
for mercurial inunctions, J. A. M. A. ij. ’07.] 
re-sor'cin. The 1890 U. S. P. name for resorci¬ 
nol*. fre-sor'cl-nal. re-sor'cin-ism, symptoms 
of poisoning caused by overdoses of resorcinol, 
re-sor'ci-nol*. i. The U. S. P. name for a diatomic 
phenol, CgH^(OH)2, obtained usually by the re¬ 
action of fused sodium hydroxide upon sodi¬ 
um metabenzenedisulphonate; resorcin of the 
1890 U. S. P.; resorcinum; metadihydroxyben- 
zene. Dose, 0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). Externally it is 
a valuable agent in the treatment of various skin- 
diseases. Methyl alcohol. R. blue = LAC- 
MoiD. R. mono=acetate = euresol, R.shexa- 
methylenamine = hetralin, R.sphthalein = 
fluorescein. R.sphthalin = fluorescin. 2. A 
fused mixture of equal parts of resorcinol, def. i , 
and iodoform. 

re-sor'ci-num. The 1890 U. S. P. name for re¬ 
sorcinol*. 

re-sorp'tion. The absorption of a fluid or sub¬ 
stance which has been previously deposited: 
sometimes applied to the degeneration of an 
organ, or of a part, resulting in atrophy or 
removal, as of the alveolar process in Riggs’s 
disease. R. diabetes, glycosuria due to the ab¬ 
sorption of sugar. Lacunar r. of bone, the re¬ 
sorption of bone by osteoclasts composing and 
filling Howship’s lacunae. [< L. resorp'tio, fr. re 
again -}- sorbe’re to drink up, to swallow.] fre- 
sorp'tive, as R. fever. 

res-pi-ra'tion. i. The function of breathing, in¬ 
cluding both inspiration and expiration. There 


Respiration, Pulse and Temperature Ratio. 


Respiration. 

Pulsations. 

Temperature. 

i8 

80 

99° F. 

19 (plus) 

88 

100 

2 1 (plus) 

96 

lOI 

23 

104 

102 

25 (minus) 

112 

103 

27 

120 

104 

28 (minus) 

128 

105 

30 

136 

106 


is a superior costal or female type and an abdom¬ 
inal, inferior costal, or male type. The average 
frequency of respirations per minute when at rest 














RESPIRATORY 


822 


RESTRAINT 


in health is in the newborn child, 44; at five 
years of age, 26, at twenty, 20; at thirty, 16; 
and at fifty, 18. In sleep respirations are slightly 
reduced in number and volume, and on exertion 
may be very materially increased. In disease the 
number of respirations may be diminished, as in 
Ch E YN esSto kes 
RESPIRATION, or in¬ 
creased, as in pneu¬ 
monia. 2. The ab¬ 
sorption of oxygen 
and giving up of 
carbon dioxide in 
animals, or the con¬ 
verse in plants, 

Chlorophyll. Va¬ 
rieties of respiration 
are Abdominal (= 
diaphragmatic). 

Absent, Accele¬ 
rated, Aerial, Am¬ 
phoric, Artificial, 

Biot’s, Blood*, 

Blowing (= BRUIT 
DB soufflet). Bronchial, Bronchocavernous, 
Bronchovesicular, Buccal, Cavernous, Cere¬ 
bral, Cheyne=Stokes, Clavicular, Cog-wheel 
( = interrupted), Corrigan’s ( = cerebral), 
Costal, Costo*inferior, Costosuperior, Cuta¬ 
neous, Diaphragmatic, Diminished, Direct, 
Divided, Exaggerated, External, Facial, 
Forced (= labored). Harsh (= bronchovesic¬ 
ular), Hissing, Hollow (== amphoric). Indirect 
(= tissue). Interrupted, Intestinal, Intra* 
UTERINE, Intrinsic, Jerking ox jerky (= inter¬ 
rupted), Labored, Laryngeal, Met.\morphos- 
iNG, Muscle*, Nasal, Nervous ( = cerebral). 
Normal, Pharyngeal, Puerile, Pulmonary, 
Rough or rude (= bronchovesicular). Senile, 
Sighing, Stertorous (i^stertor), Subsibilant, 
Superficial (== blood*). Supplementary (= puer¬ 
ile), Thoracic (= costal). Tissue, Tracheal, 
Tranquil (= normal). Tubular (= bronchial). 
Uraemic (=Cheyne*Stokes), Vaginal, Ventral 
(= diaphragmatic). Vesicular, Vesiculobron¬ 
chial (= bronchovesicular). Vesiculocaver¬ 
nous, Vesiculotubular, and Wavy (=inter- 
rupted). [< L. respira'tio a breathing.] fre- 
spir-a-bil'i-ty. re-spir'able. res'pi-ra-tor. 
re-spi'ra-to-ry. Pertaining to respiration or to 
the organs of respiration. R. bundle = solitary 
fasciculus. R. capacity. i. The capacity of 
the blood for absorbing oxygen in the lungs and 
carbon dioxide from the tissues. 2. The cubical 
capacity of the lungs for air. R. cavities, the air* 
passages; also the cavities that contain the 
organs of respiration. R. centre, the nervous 
centre which governs the coordination of respira¬ 
tory movements: it is located within the medulla 
oblongata. R. chamber = R. cavity. R. column 
or fascicle = solitary fasciculus. R. excursion, 
the movement of the chest, taken as a whole dur¬ 
ing a complete act of breathing. R. food, food 
that is transformed into matter carried off in res¬ 
piration. R. ganglia, respiratory centres in the 
medulla oblongata. R. glottis, the back part of 
the glottis. R. line, the line joining the bases of 
the up*strokes of the pulse*tracing; base*line. 
In the normal pulse it is a straight line. R. mur¬ 
mur, the murmuring sound heard from the lungs 
of a healthy adult. R. nerve, any one of several 
nerves ; an external (the posterior thoracic) , an in¬ 


ternal (the phrenic), and the facial nerves. R. 
nucleus = Clarke’s column, def. i. R. organs, 
the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs. R. 
percussion, percussion of the chest during a re¬ 
tained full inspiration or the opposite condition. 
R. period, the time from the beginning of one in¬ 
spiration to that of the next. R. pigments, pig¬ 
mented bodies, such as haemoglobin, which act as 
distributors of oxygen to the various tissues, and 
which vary in color according to the amount of 
that gas which they contain. R. portion = R. 
REGION. R. pulse, pulsation in the large vessels 
synchronous with inspiration and expiration. R. 
quotient, the ratio of the oxygen expired by the 
lungs as carbonic acid to that inspired by them 
as free oxygen in the same time. R. region of 
the nose, the lower part of the nasal cavity, ex¬ 
clusive of the olfactory region; regio respiratoria*. 
R. sedative, a drug which has a sedative effect on 
the respiration, such as chloral, chloroform, 
conium, curare, gelsemium, hydrocyanic acid, or 
opium. R. sense = BESoiN de respirer. R. 
sounds, sounds heard in auscultation of the chest 
during respiration. R. spasm, spasm of the respi¬ 
ratory muscles. R. stimulant, a medicine which 
stimulates respiration, as ammonia, belladonna, 
or strychnine. R. surface, the surface of the 
lungs that comes in contact with the respired air. 
R. tract. I. The solitary fasciculus. 2. Sur¬ 
faces with which the air comes in contact in res¬ 
piration. R. vesicular murmur, the normal re¬ 
spiratory murmur. 

res-pi-rom'e-ter. A hydrostatic device for measur¬ 
ing negative pressure in the air passages during 
inspiration in cases of nasal obstruction, 
rest. I . Repose; ease; cessation from action and la¬ 
bor. 2. An epithelial or glandular formation aris¬ 
ing during fetal life, or as the result of accident, 
which becomes detached or misplaced and seems 
to be a surplus over and above the amount neces¬ 
sary for the formation of an organ or the repair 
of tissue, as in those instances where adrenal tis¬ 
sue is deposited in the kidney (Adrenal r.), and 
later on gives rise to a hypernephroma, 
Cohnheim’s theory. R.scure = Mitchell’s 
TREATMENT. R.sharrow = Ononis spinosa. 
res-ti-bra'chi um. = Myelobrachium. 
res'ti-form. Rope*like. R. bodies = corpora res- 
TIFORMIA. R. nucleus = NUCLEUS CUNEATUS. R. 
processes, the coracoid processes. R. tract, the 
restiform body. [< L. res'tis rope-f for'ma form.] 
res'tis, pi. rF5'/c5. A restiform body. ^Corpora 
RESTIFORMIA. [L.] 

res-ti-tu'tion. The act of restoring; particularly, 
rotation of the fetal head after its expulsion from 
the vagina, so that it looks in the same direction 
as it did before expulsion, 
re-sto-ra'tion. i. The act of returning a part by 
means of a plastic operation to as nearly as pos¬ 
sible a normal condition, as R. of eyelid — bleph- 
aroplasty; R. of = cheiloplasty; and 
R. of = RHINOPLASTY. 2. The reconstruc¬ 
tion of an extinct animal from its remains, 
re-stor'a-tive. i. Having power to restore health 
or strength; serving to repair waste and promote 
reconstruction. 2. A restorative agent, 
re-straint'. In law the placing of attendants to 
watch or control the action of an alleged lunatic, 
or his forcible removal from friends or relatives 
with or without the confinement of his person by 
physical force. (Taylor.) R. bed and chair, forms 
of apparatus for restraining insane persons. 



Diagram, Main Forms op 
Feeble Respiration.— a. 
From vesicular emphysema, 
b. From consolidation, c. In 
atelectasis, from bronchial 
occlusion, d. (DaCosta.) 




RESURRECTIONIST 


823 


RETINAL 


res-ur-rec'tion-ist. One who digs up dead bodies 
for purposes of dissection, 
re-sus-ci-ta'tion. The act of restoring to life those 
who are apparently dead. Ogata’s method ; Sil¬ 
vester’s method; massage of heart; thesiop- 
NQEA. [< L. resuscita'Ho, fr. re again -t- suscita'- 
re to wake, to excite, to raise up.] 
re-tained' menstruation. = Latent menstrua¬ 
tion. R. placenta, a placenta or part of it not 
expelled by the uterus after labor, fre-tain'ing, 
as the R. band of / 7 a/e//a = retinaculum liga- 

MENTI ARCUATI*. 

re-tar'ding ague. A form of ague in which the par¬ 
oxysm occurs at a later hour each day. 
retch'ing. Continued involuntary efforts to vomit, 
without effect, ts" Vomiting. 
re'te. A net or network. Any interlacement of 
fibres, nerves, or vessels like a network. R. hal'- 
leri = RETE TESTIS [halleri]*. R. malpi'ghii = 
RETE MUCOSUM. R. mi-rab'ile*, a fine network 
of blood-vessels formed by the division of a sin¬ 
gle trunk. When such a network remains sep¬ 
arated, it is called Unipolar, and when it reunites 
into a single trunk. Bipolar. R. mirab'ile con- 
juga'tum or gem'inum, a plexus in which arteries 
and veins are combined. R. mirab'ile sim'plex, a 
plexus of arteries only or of veins only. R. muco'- 
sum, the layer of the epidermis next to the cori- 
um, consisting of several layers of cells and gran¬ 
ules of pigment; stratum spinosum; rete malpi- 
ghii; corpus reticulare; reticulare; malpighian 
layer; epidermal rete; stratum germinativum [M al- 
pighii]*. R. tes'tis [Halle'ri]* or R. vasculo'sum 
tes'tis, a network of the vasa recta of the testicle 
in the mediastinum testis, formed by the ante¬ 
rior tubules of the wolffian body and containing 
the accumulated testicular secretion, discharging 
through the vasa deferentia; rete halleri; sper¬ 
matic rete. [L.] fre'ti al. 
re'tene. A constituent of wood-tar polymeric with 
benzene; methyl isopropylphenanthrene. 
re-ten'tion. The keeping back, or stoppage, of any 
of the excretions, particularly the urine. R. cyst, 
a cyst produced by accumulation of some secre¬ 
tion in a gland from occlusion of its duct. R. of 
dead ovum = missed abortion. R. of menses. 
I. Retention of the menstrual flow due to ob¬ 
struction. 2. Delay in the establishment of the 
function of menstruation. R. of placenta, failure 
of expulsion of the placenta due to deficient 
uterine contraction. R. of testis = cryptorchi¬ 
dism. R. toxicosis, poisoning of the system caused 
by the absorption of toxic elements from retained 
normal secretions, as the faeces and the urine. 
R. tumor, a tumor formed by the stoppage of an 
excretion, as in a sebaceous cyst. R. of urine, a 
condition in which the urine in the bladder can¬ 
not be voluntarily discharged; retentio urinae. [ < 
L. reten'tio, fr. retine're to hold back.] 
retentissement (re-toh-tfs-moh). = Resonance. 
re-tic'u-lum. i. A network or a structure contain¬ 
ing interstices, especially one forming the intra¬ 
cellular support of a tissue; protoplasmic net¬ 
work of cells or their nuclei. R. cuta'neum or 
muco'sum = RETE MUCOSUM. R. of Kblliker = 
NEUROGLIA. 2. The second stomach of a ru¬ 
minant. [ L. dim. of re'te net.] fre-tic'u-lar, 
pertaining to or resembling a net; netted; formed 
with interstices, as R. cartilage, cartilage in which 
the matrix contains a network of yellow elastic 
tissue; elastic cartilage: R. field = R. formation : 
R. fissure, the postcentral fissure: R. formation. 


a network of longitudinal and transverse fibres 
occupying the anterior and lateral area of the 
oblongata and reaching up into the pons; for- 
matio reticularis*: R. lamina = membrana re¬ 
ticularis: R. layer of the skin, the deep part of 
the corium beneath the papillary layer: R. mcw- 
bran^ = MEMBRANA reticularis: R. process of 
the spinal cord, a net-like layer of gray matter 
extending into the lateral column of the cord 
between the anterior and posterior horns: R. 
substance, the reticular formation: and R. tissue, 
the netted connective-tissue framework of 
adenoid tissue, re-tic-u-la're = rete mucosum. 
re-tic'u-late, as R. ganglion, the gray matter scat¬ 
tered through the medulla oblongata: R. gland, a 
lymphatic gland containing reticular tissue: and 
R. micrometer, a micrometer on which is ruled 
a network of lines. re-tic'u-lin, a substance 
found in reticular tissue. 

ret'i-form. Reticular, as R. tissue, adenoid tissue, 
ret'i-na*. The inner, nervous tunic of the eyeball, 
comprising the expansion within the eye of the 
optic nerve and various cellular, neurogliar, and 
pigmentary elements, forming the perceptive or 
light-perceiving structure of the eye. It covers the 
back part of the eye and its functionating portion 
reaches as far forward as the ora serrata, and 
consists of ten layers, named, from within out¬ 
ward, (i) the membrana limitans interna, (2) the 
nerve-fibre layer, (3) the layer of ganglion-cells, 
(4) the inner molecular or plexiform layer, (5) 
the inner nuclear layer or layer of bipolar cells, 
(6) the outer molecular or plexiform layer, (7) 
the outer nuclear layer or layer of bodies of vis¬ 
ual cells, (8) the membrana limitans externa, (9) 
the layer of rods and cones (called also Jacob's 
membrane and bacillary layer), and (10) the pig¬ 
mentary layer. The pigmented layer is developed 
from the outer layer of the optic vesicle, the 
neuro-epithelial layer (Nos. 2 and 4) and the cer¬ 
ebral layer (Nos. 5, 6, 7,8, and 9) from the inner 
layer of the optic vesicle. [< 'L. re'te net.] 
ret-i-nac'u-lum, pi. -la. i. A structure which re¬ 
tains an organ or a tissue in place. Barry's ret¬ 
inacula, filaments extending from the thickened 
portion of the cellular membrane lining the 
graafian follicle to other parts of the membrane. 
Retinac'ula cu'tis*, bands of connective tissue 
extending from the deep layers of the skin to the 
superficial and deep fasciae. R. of the ileocae- 
cal valve = FR.ENUM Morgagnii. R. ligamen'ti 
arcua'ti*, the short external lateral ligament of 
the knee. R. morga'gnii = fr^num morgagnii. 
R. peroneo'rum or mus'culi peronaeo'rum*, the 
external annular ligament of the ankle. R. ten- 
din'eum, a fibrous band which passes over the 
tendons, holding them in place. R. of Weitbrecht 
= Weitbrecht’s retinacula. 2. A form of te¬ 
naculum used in operations for hernia. [L. fr. 
retine're to hold back.] fret-i-nac'u-lar. 
ret'i-nal. Relating or pertaining to the retina*. R. 
apoplexy, extravasation of blood into the retina. 
R. area, the inner wall of the secondary optic 
vesicle of the embryo. R. artery, central, a 
branch of the ophthalmic artery distributed to 
the retina; A. centralis retinae*. R. asthenopia, 
£ 3 ^ ASTHENOPIA. R. COneS = CONES OF THE RET¬ 
INA. R. cup, noirnal or pathological excavation 
of the optic disk. R. detachment = detach¬ 
ment OF THE RETINA. R. embolism, embolism 
of the central retinal artery or of its branches. R. 
epilepsy, temporary loss of vision often occurring 


RETINAPHTHA 


824 


RETRO- 


in EPILEPSY or migraine. R. horizon, the hor¬ 
izontal plane through the transverse axis of the 
eye. R. image, the image of external objects re¬ 
flected on the retina. R. ischaemia, stasis of the 
bloodscurrent in the arteries of the retina. R. 
melanin = fuscin. R. oedema, infiltration of 
serous fluid into the periphery of the retina, oc¬ 
curring in old people. R. points, corresponding 
or identical, corresponding points on the two ret¬ 
inae, images of which are projected to the same 
point in space. R. points, disparate, two points, 
one on each retina, images of which are project¬ 
ed to different points in space. R. pulsation, pul¬ 
sation of the retinal bloodsvessels observed with 
the ophthalmoscope. R. purple = visual pur¬ 
ple. R. red. i. = Visual purple. 2. = 
Rhodophane. R. reflex, the red glare of the 
illuminated retina, as seen by the ophthalmo¬ 
scope. R. rods, highly specialized cylindrical 
neuro*epithelial cells in the layer of rods and 
cones of the retina, consisting of an inner mem¬ 
ber, continuous with a rodsfibre, and an outer, 
composed of neurokeratin, and containing 
RHODOPSiN. R. tapetum, k^tapetum. R. vein, 
central, a branch of the superior ophthalmic 
vein which accompanies the central retinal artery 
and branches; V. centralis retinae*. 
ret-i-naph'tha. = Toluene. ’09.] 

ret-i-ni'tis. Inflammation of the retina; dictytis. 
It is rarely restricted to the retina and usually 
involves also the optic nerve (neuroretinitis) 
or the chorioid membrane (retinochorioiditis). 
R. albuminu'rica, retinitis occurring in albumi¬ 
nuria. Apoplectic r., retinitis with extravasation 
of blood into the retina. R. bright'ica, retinitis 
occurring in Bright’s disease. Central punctate 
r., t^R. PUNCTATA. Central recurrent r., a rare 
form of syphilitic retinitis with a dark central 
scotoma disappearing in a few days and recurring 
in more frequent attacks in a few weeks. Central 
relapsing r., a syphilitic form marked by a gray 
area and numerous spots in the macular region, 
with a tendency to relapse; R. macularis. R. 
cerebra'lis, retinitis due to cerebral inflammation. 
R. circina'ta, retinitis characterized by circular 
rows of white spots around the macula lutea, due 
to blinding lights. R. circumpapilla'ris, retinitis 
in which there is proliferation of the outer layers 
of the retina around the disk. R. diabet'ica, 
retinitis occurring with diabetes mellitus. Diffuse 
r. = R. SEROSA. Embolic r., suppurative reti¬ 
nitis due to pyemic processes. Glycosuric r. = R. 
DIABETICA. R. gravida'rum, retinitis albuminu- 
rica observed in pregnant women. R. haemor- 
rha'gica, retinitis associated with profuse retinal 
hemorrhage. R. leukse'mica or leukocythae'xnica, 
a form occurring in leukaemia. R. macula'ris, 
central relapsing r. Malarial r., a form occur¬ 
ring in malaria. Nephritic r., retinitis occurring 
in connection with Bright’s disease. R. nyctalo'- 
pia, a form producing scotoma and amblyopia. 
R. pigmento'sa, sclerosis of the retinal connective 
tissue, with subsequent atrophy of its elements 
and deposition of pigment. R. prolifero'sa, a form 
marked by the formation of dense masses of con¬ 
nective tissue. R. puncta'ta or puncta'ta albes'- 
cens, a form existing in various clinical types, all 
marked by the scattering of white, non*pig- 
mented dots over the retina. In central punctate 
r., occurring in old people, the spots are on the 
fundus. Renal r. = R. albuminurica. R. sero'- 
sa, retinitis attended with infiltration, causing 


opacity, hyperaemia, and oedema; diffuse r. 
Splenic r. = R. leuk/Emica. R. stria'ta, a form 
producing gray streaks on the retina. Suppura¬ 
tive r., a form due to pyemic infection. Sympa¬ 
thetic r., retinitis of sympathetic origin. R. 
syphilit'ica, a diffused and chronic form, usually 
combined with iritis and choroiditis, occurring as 
a late manifestation in syphilis, 
ret'i-no-. Relating to the retina: a combining form. 
[< L. re'te net.] retu-no-cho-roi-di'tis, retinitis 
combined with choroiditis.— ret*i-no-pap-il-li'tis, 
combined inflammation of the retina and optic 
disk.— ret-i-nos'co-py. i. Examination of the 
retina. 2. = Skiascopy, def. i. r^PnosPHENic 
R.— ret*i-no-ski-as'co-py = SKIASCOPY, def. i. 
ret'i-nol. A thick, viscid, oily, liquid hydrocarbon, 
^32^,6, obtained by the distillation of resin; rosi- 
nol: used as a solvent, ointment base, and as a 
venereal antiseptic. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (8 mins.), 
ret'is-tene. A decomposition product of acetylene ; 
retene. 

re-ton'ing. Changing the responsiveness of the ret¬ 
ina by stimulation with a colored light; retuning, 
re-tort'. A vessel made of glass, earthenware, 
or iron, for the purpose of distillation. 

[< L. retor'ta, fr. retorque're to twist or 


turn back: named from the bend 
in the neck.] 

re-trac'tion. The act of drawing 
back, as in the shortening of a 
broken limb in oblique fracture 
where the contraction of the 
muscles forces the broken ends 
of the bone to glide by each other 
or in the uterus at childbirth 
where there is an increase in the 
thickness of the walls and a 
diminution of its capacity and volume. R.sring = 
Bandl s RING. I®”Cicatricial contraction; 
MUSCULAR retraction; SPASMODIC RETRACTION. 



Stoppered 

Retort. 


[< L. a.ga.{norh 3 ,ck + tra'here, tractum to draw.] 
fre-tract', as Retracted nipple, a nipple which is 
drawn below the surrounding level: often associ¬ 
ated with cancer, re-trac'tile. re-trac-til'i-ty. 
re-trac tor. i. An instrument or appliance used 
in operations to draw away the divided edges of 
the incision. 2. A muscle that retracts the organ 
to which it is attached. R. an'guli o'ris, the buc¬ 
cinator muscle; R. bul'hi or oc'uli, the retractor 
muscle of the eyeball of some animals, especially 
ungulates: R. tu'hce, the salpingopharyngeus: R. 
ure'thrce, an occasional muscle arising from the 
tuberosity of the ischium and inserted upon the 
corpus cavernosum of the urethra: and R. u'teri, 
the RECT 0 *UTERINUS or one of its folds, 
re'trad. Toward the posterior part, 
ret'ra-hens. i. Drawing back or retracting. 2. A 
muscle which retracts a part, as R. aM'r^m = pos¬ 
terior AURIS. [L.] 

re'tral. Back; rearward; caudal. [< L. re'tro 
backward.] 

retr^cissement thoracique (re-tre-sfs-moh to-ra-sic). 
Extensive contraction of the thorax, usually one= 
sided, due to pleurisy deformans, etc. [F.] 
re-trench'ment. Removal of redundant tissue to 
produce cicatricial contraction, 
re'tro-. Behind; backward; back: a combining 
form. [L. re'tro behind.] re-trosac'tion, reverse 
action. — re-trosan-ter-cteam-ne'si a or re'trosan- 









RETRO- 


825 


RETZIUS’S BROWN LINES 


ter'o-grade amnesia, amnesia in which recent 
events are referred to as being remote, and re¬ 
mote events as being recent.— redrosau-ric'u- 
lar, located behind the auricle.— re-tro-buc'cal, 
pertaining to the back part of the mouth.— re- 
tro-bul'bar, behind the eyeball, as R. neuritis = 
POSTOCULAR neuritis: R. perineuritis, inflam¬ 
mation of the sheath of the orbital part of the 
optic nerve.— re-tro-cae'cal, situated behind the 
caecum, as R. recess, one of several pockets fre¬ 
quently appearing in the peritoneum behind the 
caecum; recessus retrocaecalis*. — re-tro-ce'dent, 
going back, or going from the outer part of the 
body , to an interior organ, as R. gout, gout in 
which the external symptoms suddenly disappear 
and are replaced by affections of the viscera.— 
re-tro-cen'tral convolution, the ascending parietal 
convolution.— re'tro-ceps, an obstetrical forceps 
for’ grasping the back part of the fetal head.— 
re-tro-cer'vi-cal, behind the cervix uteri ; retro- 
collic.— re-tro-ces'sion. i. Retrograde movement, 
as R. of labor, sudden stoppage of labor and re¬ 
turn of the parts to the condition in which they 
were before its commencement. 2. A translation 
of a disease to some internal part, is" Metasta¬ 
sis. — redro-cla-vic-u-la'ris, the stemoclavicularis 
posticus muscle.— re-tro-clu'sion, acupressure ef¬ 
fected by passing the pin in the tissues along¬ 
side the artery, over it, through the tissue on the 
other side, then, by turning it in a semicircle, 
passing it under the artery so as to bring it 
out on the same side that it started from.— 
re-tro-co'lic, behind the colon. — re-tro-col'lic, 
relating to the back of the neck, as R. spasm, 
spasm of the muscles at the back of the neck, 
causing the head to be thrown back.— re-tro-col'- 
lis, spasmodic torticollis in which the head 
is drawn backward. — re'tro-de-vi-a'tion, a back¬ 
ward displacement of an organ, as the uterus. 
— redro-dis-placed', displaced backward, retro- 
verted. fredro-dis-place'ment. — re-tro-fix-a'ti o 

col'li, operative placing backward of the neck of 
the uterus, Alexander’s operation; vagi¬ 
nofixation; VENTROFIXATION. — le'tro-flex fas¬ 
ciculus = Meynert’s FASCICULUS, def. I. — re- 
tro-flex'i on, a bending backward, as R. of the 
uterus, a bending backward of the uterus so that 
its posterior wall forms an acute angle, Al¬ 
exander’s operation; retroversion; ventro- 
susPENSiON. fre'tro-flexed. — ret'ro-grade, going 
back or backward; retrocedent, as R. amnesia, 
loss of memory of events occurring a longer or 
shorter time before the onset of the disease, as 
may result from severe infectious disease, epilepsy, 
trauma, or hysteria: R. cancer, a cancer which 
has become smaller and firmer: R. dilatation, dil¬ 
atation of a stricture from the proximal side, as of 
a stricture of the oesophagus from below through 
an opening in the stomach: R. embolism, one in 
which the embolus moves in a direction opposite 
from that of the blood^stream: R. gout — po¬ 
dagra retrograda: R. intussusception, 
susception: R. metabolism, gf* metabolism: R. 
metamorphosis, the process by which somewhat 
complex bodies are broken up into simpler ones, 
and in the end into waste products, metabo¬ 
lism and catabolism: R. metastasis, metasta¬ 
sis: and R. tubercle, a tubercle which has under¬ 
gone calcification. Metast.\sis. — re-trog ra- 

phy = mirrorsWRITing. — re-trosin'su-lar, situ¬ 
ated behind the insula of Reil, as R. convolutions, 
convolutions, lying behind the island of Reil and 


within the fissure of Sylvius; temporoparietal 
convolutions. — re-tro-jec'tion, the washing of a 
cavity from within outward, tre-tro-jec'tor, an 
instrument for retrojection. — re-tro-lin'gual, sit¬ 
uated behind the tongue. — re'tro-lo-ca'tion = 
RETROPOsiTiON. — re'tro-mal-lc'o-lar fossa, a de¬ 
pression behind the malleoli on either side of 
the tendo Achillis. — re-tro-mam'ma-ry, situated 
behind the mammary gland, as R. mastitis, para¬ 
mastitis; inflammation of the connective tissue 
between the mammary gland and the thorax.— 
re-tro-mas'toid, behind the mastoid process. — re*- 
tro-mor-pho'sis = retrograde metamorphosis. 

— re-tro-na'sal, behind the nose or nasal cavities. 

— re-trosoc'u-lar, behind the eyeball, as R. 

= postocular neuritis. — redro-oe-so-pha'- 
ge al, behind the oesophagus. — re-tro-perd-to-ne'- 
al, situated behind the peritoneum, as R. ab¬ 
scess, an abscess behind the peritoneum: R. gland, 
one of the lymphatic glands behind the perito¬ 
neum: R. hernia, hernia into the iliac fossa behind 
the peritoneum: R. space, the space behind the 
peritoneum along the spine, occupied by the aorta, 
vena cava, etc.; spatium retroperitonaealc *.— 
redro-per-i-to-ne'um, the retroperitoneal space. 
tre*tro-per-i-to-ni'tis.— re-tro-phar'ynx, the pos¬ 
terior part of the pharynx*, frcdro-pha-ryn- 
ge al, as R. abscess, an abscess in the connective 
tissue behind the pharynx, redro-phar-yn-gi'tis. 

— redro-pla-cen'tal, behind the placenta.— re'- 
tro-posed, displaced backward. — redro-po-si'tion, 
simple backward displacement of the uterus with¬ 
out flexion.— re-tro-pul'sion. i. Forcing back¬ 
ward of the fetal head in labor. 2. A tendency 
to walk backward: seen in paralysis agitans.— 
re-tro-spec'tion, morbid exercise of the memory. 

— re-tro-stal'sis, reversed peristalsis. — re-tro- 
ster'nal, situated behind the sternum, as R. pulse, 
venous pulse felt over the suprasternal notch, 
probably caused by the pulsation of the left in¬ 
nominate vein: R. tumor, a tumor behind the 
sternum. i®-Troisier’s ganglion. — re-tro-tar'- 
sal, situated behind the tarsus of the eye, as R. 
fold, the fornix of the conjunctiva. — re-tro-ton'- 
sil-lar, behind the tonsils, as R. abscess = quinsy. 

— re-trosu'te-rine, situated behind the uterus, as 
R.su. hcematoceleand R.»u. hcematoma.— ictTo-vac- 
ci-na'tion. i. Vaccination with virus from a cow 
which has previously been inoculated with human 
vaccine virus. 2. Vaccination repeated at an inter¬ 
val after a successful previous inoculation, fre- 
tro-vac'cine.— re-tro-ver'si o u'teri, retroversion of 
the uterus; a displacement of the uterus in which 
the fundus is thrown downward below the prom¬ 
ontory of the sacrum, while the os and the cervix 
are forced upward and forward against or over the 
symphysis pubis. c^Anteversio uteri ; retro¬ 
flexion. — re-tro-ver'sion, a turning backward, 
as of the bladder, uterus, etc. fre-tro-ver'ted. 

re-tun'ing. = Retoning. 

re-turn' case. A second case of a contagious dis¬ 
ease developing from a primary case, especially 
after being treated in an isolation hospital. 

Retzius’s brown lines (r^t'zi-us-fz). =R.’s lines. 
R.’s cavity = preperitoneal cavity. R.’s fibres, 
rigid filaments of nucleated cells between the 
hairs of the utricle. R.’s ligament, the external 
portion of the anterior annular ligament of the 
ankle-joint. R.’s lines, curved horizontal brown 
lines in tooth-enamel. R.’s parallel striae, brown 
lines crossing the enamel-prisms: seen on section 
of the enamel. R.’s space, the preperitoneal 


REUNION 


826 


RHACHI- 


space. R.’s stripes = R.’s lines. R.’s veins, 
veins uniting branches of the portal veins with 
those of the inferior vena cava. 

re-un'ion. The re*uniting of separated parts, as 
of bones after fracture. 

Reusner’s sign (rois'nerz). The eliciting through 
the vagina of pulsations in the uterine arteries: 
a sign of pregnancy as early as the fourth week. 

Reuss’s test (roi'sez). A test for atropine, in which 
the substance to be examined is treated with sul¬ 
phuric acid and oxidizing agents: an odor of roses 
and orange flowers is given off by atropine. 

re-vac-ci-na'tion. The vaccination of one already 
vaccinated. 

rev-a-len'ta. The commercial name for lentil meal: 
used as a food for invalids. [< L. revales'cere to 
recover.] 

re've-hent. Carrying off; efferent, as a R. duct or 
' vessel. R. nerve, the gray, nonsmedullated branch 
connecting each of the thoracic ganglia with its 
corresponding spinal nerve; gray ramus commu- 
nicans. R. veins=VEN.E hepatic^ revehentes. 

re-vel'lant. = Revulsive. 

Reverdin’s operation (re-v^r-dahz). A form of skin* 
grafting in which the skin is secured by raising it 
on a needle and then shaving it off. 


( 



re-versed' bandage. A bandage applied with every 
alternate turn folded over. R. peristalsis, peri¬ 
stalsis. 

re-ver'sion. i. The return to some ancestral type; 
ATAVISM. 2. The condensation of simple sugars 
into polysaccharides; the opposite of inversion. 
re-ver'tose. A disaccharide produced together with 
maltose by the reverse action of maltase on glu¬ 
cose. 

Revilliod’s sign (re-vi-yoz). In facial hemiplegia 
of cerebral origin the. patient is unable to close 
the paralyzed eye without its fellow; Herey’s or 
HereysSimoneau’s sign, 
re-vi'tal-i-za'tion. The act of refreshing, 
re-viv-i-fi-ca'tion. The process or act of reviving: 
especially the paring off of tinhealthy surfaces to 
promote their union. 

re-vul'sion. The attraction of the blood from one 
part of the body to another, or the prevention of 
its seeking a particular part, Bier’s passive 
hyperemia. [< L. revul'sio, fr. re again+vel'lere 
to draw off.] fre-vul'sant; re-vul'sive. i. Pro¬ 
ducing revulsion. 2. A medicine which produces 


revulsion, re-vul'sor, an apparatus for produc¬ 
ing revulsion, as a plate studded with needles, or 
a coil alternating applications of heat and cold. 

Bier’s passive hyperemia. 

Reybard’s suture (re-barz'). A form of intestinal 
suture made by interrupted loops. 

Rh. Symbol for the element rhodium. 

rha', rha-bar'ba-rum. = Rhubarb. [L., fr. Rha 
Volga, a river in Russia -I- L. bar'barus wild.] 
trha-bar'ba-rin = chrysophanic acid. 

Rhabdi'tis. A genus of nematoid worms, several 
species of Vv^hich have been found parasitic in 
man; Rhabdone'ma. R. genita'lis, a small round 
worm occasionally found in the urine. R. intes- 
tina'lis, a species found in the intestines, and re¬ 
garded as the cause of Cochin-China diarrhoea; 
Leptod'era stercora'lis; Siron'gylus intesiina'lis. 
R. niel'lyi, a species causing a papular dermatitis. 
R. nigroveno'sa. [T[ I. M. ’03.] R. stercora'lis = 
R. iNTESTiNALis. [< f)d(i 6 oq rod.] frhab-dit'i- 
form, shaped like a Rhabdi'tis, as the embryo of 
S t rongyloi'des. 

rhab'dium. A striped-muscle fibre. [< pa/?d/ov, 
dim. of pd( 3 Sog rod.] frhab'doid, rod-shaped. 

rhab‘do-my-o'ma. A myoma consisting of striated 
muscular fibres. 

rhab*do-my*o-sar-co'ma. A sarcoma containing 
striated muscular fibres. 

Rhabdone'ma. =Rhabditis. frh^b'do-ne-mi'a-sis. 

rha'chi-, rha'chi-o-. Relating or pertaining to the 
spine; rachi-: a combining form. r^SpiNO-. 
[< pdxi^ spine.] rhach-i-ag'ra, gout or severe 
pain in the spinal region, Gout. — rha'chi al, 
spinal.— rha-chi-al'gi a, pain occurring in the 
spine, or vertebral column. ks^Notalgia. R. 
mesenter'ica = TABES mesenterica. frffa-chi- 
al'gic. — rha*chi-al-gi'tis, inflammatory rhachial- 
gia.— rha-chi-as'mus, the first symptoms of epi¬ 
lepsy, consisting in a spasmodic action of the 
muscles at the back of the neck.— rha-chi-cen- 
te'sis = LUMBAR PUNCTURE. — rha-chic'la-sis, 
forcible straightening of a sharply bent spinal 
column.— rha’chi-co-ca-in-i-za'tion, a method of 
anaesthetization by injecting cocaine into the 
spinal canal. ^ Rhachistovainization. — rha- 
chid'i an, rha-chid'i al, spinal; vertebral, as R. 
artery = spinal artery: R. bulb = medulla 
oblongata*: R. canal = vertebral canal.— 
rha-chil'y-sis, a method of treating lateral curva¬ 
ture of the spine by applying pressure to the 
lumbar curve and traction to the dorsal curve, so 
as to straighten the spine.— rha-chi-o-camp'sis, 
curvature of the spine. — rha-chi-och'y-sis = 
hydrorrhachis. — rha‘chi-o-dyn'i a, pain in the 
back due to local rather than central causes.— 
rhaxhi-o-ky-pho'sis, the presence of a gibbus, or 
hump, on the back.— rha-chi-om'e-ter, an instru¬ 
ment for measuring curvatures of the spine.— 
rha*chi-o-my-e-li'tis = myelitis, def. 2. — rha*- 
chi-o-my-e-loph'thi-sis = locomotor ataxia. — 
rha*chi-o-pa-ral'y-sis, -ple'gi a = spinal paral¬ 
ysis. — rha-chi-or-rheu'ma, rheumatism of the 
back.— rha‘chi-o-sco-li-o'ma, -sco-li-o'sis, lateral 
curvature of the spine.— rha'chi-o-tome, an in¬ 
strument for opening the spinal canal; rhachi- 
tome.— rha-chi-ot'o-my. i. The operation of 

cutting into or through the spinal cord. 2. Divi¬ 
sion of the vertebral column of a foetus to facili¬ 
tate its removal.— rha-chip'a-gus, a twin mon¬ 
ster with the individuals united at the spine 
Thoracopagus, frha-chi-pag'i a.— rha'chis 
ra'chis, the spine or vertebral column.— rha-chi- 






-RHACHIS 


827 


RHEUM 


sag'ra — rhachiagra. — rha-chis'chi-sis = spina 
BIFIDA, — rha*chi-sto-va-in-i-za'tion, the produc¬ 
tion of spinal anaesthesia by the injection of 
stovain.— rha'chi-tome = rhachiotome. — rha*- 
chi-tro-pa-co-ca-in-i-za'tion, spinal anaesthesia 
produced by the injection of tropacocaine. 
-rhachis. A suffix denoting the spinal column; as 
in HYDRORRHACHIS. paxL^ Spine. The r is 

doubled after a vowel.] 

rha-chit'ic. Relating to or affected with rhachitis. 
R. pelvis, a pelvis deformed by rickets, usuallv 
marked by a sinking in and forward of the 
sacrovertebral angle, with an outward flaring of 
the iliac crests and increased separation of the 
iliac spines. R. pseudoparalysis, a condition 
simulating paralysis and due to rickets. It con¬ 
sists of motor weakness of the lower limbs, due 
to softening of the bones, etc. R. rosary, the 
series of beaded prominences along the cartilages 
of the ribs in rickets. R. scoliosis, scoliosis. 
rha-chi'tis. = Rickets. R. acu'ta, an acute form 
with fever, occurring in very young children. R. 
adulto'rum = osteomalacia. R. foetaTis an- 
nula'ris, the formation of ringslike thickenings 
on the diaphyses of long bones while the foetus 
is within the uterus. R. foetaTis micromel'ica, 
intrasuterine stunting of the longitudinal growth 
of bones. [Gr, pax'iTLc;.] frha'chi-tism. 
rha-co'ma, rha-co'sis- i. A rent or chapped por¬ 
tion of the skin. 2. A lax or pendulous condition 
of the scrotum, [< paaovv to tear into strips.] 
frha'cous, torn; ragged, 
rhae-bo-cra'ni a, rhae-bo-de're. = Torticollis. 
rhae-bo-sce'li a. Crookedness of the legs, 
rhae-bo'sis. Crookedness of any part, 
rhaes'to-cy-thae'mi a. The presence of degenerated 
red bloodscorpuscles and their products in the 
system. [<, paiarog destroyed-f-Kwrof cell-frt<//a 
blood.] 

rhag'a-des, rhag-a'di a. Clefts, chaps, or excoria¬ 
tions of skin, especially of the anus. [Gr.] 
-rhagia (-rhage). A suffix denoting a flow, often 
of blood; as in metrorrhagia, hemorrhage. 
[<^ prjyv'vvai to break forth. The r is doubled 
after a vowel.] 

rhag'oid. Resembling a berry; grapeslike. [Gr.] 
rhag'us. Wrinkle. [Gr.] 

Rham'nus. An important genus of rhamnaceous 
trees, many species of which have purgative prop¬ 
erties and yield such products as rham'nase, a 
ferment contained in the seeds of the R. infecto'- 
ria : rham'ne-gin, a yellowish, crystalline gluco-. 
side, C24H320,4, found in buckthorn berries: 
rham'ne-tin, a yellow crystalline substance, 
CjgHjgOj, obtained from rham'nin, C,2Hi20g, a 
constituent of buckthorn berries, by the action 
of dilute acids: rham'nite, a crystalline sub¬ 
stance, CgHj^Og, prepared from rham'nose (iso- 
dulcite or methylarabinose), which in turn is a 
crystalline pentose, C5Hg(CH3)05, made by de¬ 
composing certain glucosides, as quercitrin: 
rham'no-ca-thar'tin, a bitter principle obtained 
from the berries of R. cathar'tica: rham-no-hex'- 
ite, a colorless, crystalline substance, C7H,j(CH3)- 
Og, obtained artificially from rham-no-hex'ose, in 
turn a product of rhamnose: rham-no-tan'nic 
acid or rham-no-tan'nin, a greenish, amorphous 
compound obtained from some species: and 
rham-no-xan'thin = frangulin. Among the 
many species are R. amygdali'nus, R. caltfor'nica, 
of California, R. cathar'tica, R. fran'gula, and R. 
wright'i, of India. R. purshia'na*. i. A Cali¬ 


fornian species. 2. The U. S. P. name for the dried 
bark of this species, collected at least one year 
before being used; cascara sagrada. Dose, i 
Gm. (i5grs.). is-Fluid- 

EXTRACTUM RHAMNI 
PURSHIAN^*; FLUIDEX- 
TRACTUM RHAMNI PUR- 
SHIAN^ AROMATICUM*. 

rha-pha'ni a. i, Poisoning 
by Rha'phamis ni'ger or 
by strawberries. 2. Er¬ 
gotism, R. maisit'ica 

= PELLAGRA, 
rha'ph^. = Raphe. 
rha-pho-ge-mi-nan'ti a os'- 

sa. =WoRMIAN BONES. 

rha-pho-sym'phy-sis. Os¬ 
sification of a suture. 

-rhaphy (-rhaphia). A 
suffix denoting suture; 
as in gastrorrhaphy. [< 
pa(pi/ suture. The r is 
doubled after a vowel.] 
rha-pon'ti-cin. =Chrys- 

OPHANIC ACID, 
rhat'a-ny, rha-tan'i a. The 
root of Krameria tri- 
ANDRA. False r. = 

Krameria ixina. trha-tand-a-tan'nic acid = 
KRAMERic ACID, ihat'a-nine, krameria*. 
Rhax. A genus of poisonous spiders, 
rheg'ma. A rent, rupture, or fracture of a part: 
applied to the eyeball, ligaments, abscesses, etc. 
[< prjyvvvat to break or burst.] 
rhe'ic acid, rhe'in, rhe-in'ic acid. =Chrysophanic 
ACID. [< pf/ov rhubarb.] 

rhe'o-. Pertaining to an electric current: a com¬ 
bining form. [< peog current.] rhe'o-chord, a 
metallic wire introduced into an electric circuit 
to regulate or to measure the resistance, ts- Rhe¬ 
ostat. — rhe-om'e-ter. i. =Galvanometer. 2. 
An instrument for measuring the velocity of the 
bloodscurrent. frhe-o-met'ric. rhe-om'e-try. — 
rhe'o-nome, an instrument for determining the 
effect of irritation on a nerve.— rhe'o-phore, a 
conductor connecting a source of electricity and 
the body to which it is applied; an electrode.— 
rhe'o-scope, an instrument for detecting the 
presence of an electric current, as a physiological 
r. — rhe-o-scop'ic limb, a preparation consisting 
of muscles with their supplying nerves so ar¬ 
ranged that contraction of the muscles indicates 
the presence of electric currents.— rhe'o-stat, an 
instrument for regulating the resistance of an 
electric current by introducing such substances 
as coke, graphite, a coil of wire (resistance^coil), 
or a column of water (Water r. or Hydro^rheostat) 
into the circuit, trhe-o-stat'ic. — rhe'o-tome, a 
contrivance in a faradic battery for interrupting 
the electric current.— rhe'o-trope, an instrument 
for reversing a current. 

rhe-o-tan'nic acid. A tannic acid found in rhubarb, 

^ 26 ^ 26 ^ 14 - 

rheum (rum). The discharge from the nostrils or 
lungs caused by cold. Epidemic r.= influ¬ 
enza ; rheu'ma epidem'ica. Salt r., a popular 
name for various skin diseases, as seborrhoea and 
psoriasis; tetter. [< L. rheu'ma, pevpa flux or 
humor, fr. pelv to flow.] 

Rheum* (ri'um). r. A genus of polygonaceous 
plants, many of which have roots with purgative 
and subsequent astringent properties. 2, The 



Rhamnus purshiana. 



RHEUMARTHRITIS 


RHIN- 


828 


U.S. P. name for rhubarb, the carefully dried 
and mostly bark<=free rhizome of the R. officina'le, 
R. palma'tium, R. tangu'ticum, and probably 
other species grown in China and Thibet. Dose, 
I Gm. (15 grs.). Among the other species are; 
R. in'dicum, Rheum*, def. 2; R. rhabar'barum 
or undula'tum, a Russian or Siberian species; R. 
rhapon'ticum, piesplant, a species with edible and 
cathartic rootsstalks; and R. sinen'se, i^Rheum*, 
def. 2. la-E xtractum rhei*; fluidextractum 

RHEI* ; MISTURA RHEI ET SOD^*', PILUL.,® RHEI 
COMPOSITE*; PULVIS RHEI COMPOSITUS* ; SYRUPUS 
RHEI*; SYRUPUS RHEI AROMATICUS*', TINCTURA 

RHEI*; and tinctura rhei aromatica*. 

rheu-mar-thri'tis. Acute articular rheumatism. 

rheu-map'y-ra. = Rheumatopyra. 

rheu-mar-thro'sis. Rheumatism of the joints. [< 
pevjua flux or humor arising from cold + apdpov 
joint.] 

rheu-ma-tal'gia. Chronic pain arising from rheu¬ 
matism. Rheumarthrosis. {<, ptvpa flux 
or humor + aA/of pain.) 

rheumatic (ru-mat'fc), rheu-mat'i-cal. Belonging 
to rheumatism; afflicted with rheumatism , rheu- 
matismal. R. amygdalitis, amygdalitis of rheu¬ 
matic origin. R. anaesthesia, anaesthesia asso¬ 
ciated with rheumatism. R. apoplexy, a coma¬ 
tose condition developed in the course of acute 
rheumatism. R. arthritis = rheumatoid ar¬ 
thritis. R. atrophy, atrophy of muscles after an 
attack of rheumatism; R. bronchitis, bronchitis 
supposed to be due to an attack of rheumatism. 
R. contraction, tetany. R. diathesis, constitu¬ 
tional predisposition to rheumatism. R. diet = 
GOUTY DIET. R. dysentery, inflammation of the 
bowels attended by rheumatic inflammation of 
the joints and of the mucous membrane of the 
throat. R. fever, acute rheumatism, rheuma¬ 
tism. R. gout = rheumatoid arthritis. R. 
inflammation, inflammation due to exposure to 
cold. R. iritis, iritis dependent upon a rheumat¬ 
ic taint. R. keratitis, keratitis occurring in rheu¬ 
matic persons. R. neuritis, neuritis, usually due to 
exposure to cold. R. nodules or nodes, small, firm, 
subcutaneous bodies situated over the tendon* 
sheaths or over bony prominences in acute rheu¬ 
matism. R. paralysis, paralysis due to peripheral 
neuritis produced by exposure to cold. R. phthi¬ 
sis, phthisis due to or complicated by rheumatism. 
R. polyarthritis, acute articular rheumatism. 
R. purpura = PURPURA rheumatica. R. rubeola 
= rubeola rheumatica. R. scoliosis, i®- scoli¬ 
osis. R. tetanus, tetanus. R. torticollis, ts- 
TORTICOLLIS. R. urethritis, simple inflammation 
of the urethra, as sometimes in rheumatism. 

rheu'ma-tin. =Saloquinine salicylate. 

rheu'ma-tism. A constitutional or infective disease 
in which the fibrous structures, especially the 
joints and muscles, are inflamed, painful, and 
often deformed. This word has been and is em¬ 
ployed to cover a large number of conditions 
whose etiology is essentially different. i^Gout; 
McLeod’s capsular rheumatism; rheumatic; 
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Acute, or acutc articu¬ 
lar r., an acute disorder, the infective agent not 
yet having been definitely determined, which is 
characterized by pyrexia, severe pain in and 
around the joints and often in the muscles, and 
swelling of the joints from serous exudation into 
their cavities and infiltration around them; acute 
rheumatic arthritis; inflammatory rheumatism; 
rheumatic fever ; rheumatic polyarthritis. Apo¬ 


plectic r., rheumatism complicated with cerebral 
apoplexy. Articular r., rheumatism of the joints; 
ACUTE R. Blennorrhagic r. = gonorrhoeal r. 
Cerebral r., rheumatism in which cerebral symp¬ 
toms are very prominent. Chronic or chronic 
articular r. = rheumatoid arthritis. Gonor¬ 
rhoeal r., synovitis, especially of the ankle, knee,, 
or wrist, accompanying gonorrhoea; urethral rheu¬ 
matism; gonorrhoeal arthritis. R. of the heart, 

1. The cardiac complications of rheumatism, 

2. Angina pectoris. Inflammatory r. = acute r. 
Muscular r., pafn in the voluntary muscles and 
fibrous structures connected with them, with or 
without pyrexia and constitutional symptoms: 
myalgia, ta- Torticollis ; lumbago; pleuro¬ 
dynia. Nodular r. = rheumatoid arthritis. 
Puerperal r., a variety occurring during the puer¬ 
peral state. Scarlatinal r., a variety, sometimes 
proceeding to suppuration, occurring in scarlet 
fever. Spinal r., spinal meningitis of a mild form. 
R. of the spine, spondylitis deformans. Subacute 
r., mild cases of acute rheumatism. Urethral r. 
= GONORRHCEAL R. [< L. rheumatts'mus, fr. 
pevpa flux or humor.] frheu-ma-tis'mal, as R. 
oedema, rheumatism in which painful, red, oedem- 
atous swellings appear on the limbs, due to sub¬ 
cutaneous exudation, rheu-ma-tis'moid. 

rheu-ma-tis'mus. = Rheumatism. [L.] 

rheu'ma-to-. Relating to rheumatism; rheumo-: 
a combining form. [< L. rheumatis'mus, fr. pevpa 
flux or humor.] rheu*ma-to-dyn'i a = rheuma- 
talgia. — rheu'ma-toid, resembling rheumatism, 
as R. arthritis, a form of chronic inflammation of 
the joints resulting in enlargement and deformity; 
arthritis deformans; chronic articular rheuma¬ 
tism ; osteoarthritis; chronic rheumatism; rheu¬ 
matic gout. It is marked by recurring attacks 
of pain and swelling of the joints and deformity 
due to hypertrophy and atrophy of the cartilage 
and bone and ossification of the soft parts. It 
may follow an acute attack or come on insidi¬ 
ously, especially in those exposed to cold and 
damp.— rheu'ma-to-ke'hs = purpura rheumat¬ 
ica. — rheu-ma-top'y-ra, acute rheumatism. — 
rheu-ma-to'sis, the condition in which articular 
and endocardial parts are affected as the result 
of poison in the blood.— rheu'ma-to-spasm, spasm 
due to rheumatism. 

rheu'mic. i. Relating to rhubarb, as R. acid, either 
an acid derived from rhubarb or oxalic acid. 2. 
Relating to rheumatism, as R. diathesis, a pre¬ 
disposition to disease of a rheumatic nature. 

rheu'min. =Chrysophanic acid. 

rheu'mo-. Rheumatic; rheumato- ; due to or com¬ 
plicated by rheumatism, as rheu*mo-don-tal'- 
gia; rheu*mo-par-ot-i-di'tis; rheu-moph-thal'mia; 
rheu-mor-chi'tis; rheu‘mo-tor-rhoe'a. 

rhex'is. Rupture of a vessel or of an organ, as R. 
oc'uli, rupture of the eye. [L., fr. pv^ig.] 

rhic-no'sis. A wrinkling of the skin. [< piKvo^ 
shrivelled.] 

rhig'o-lene, rhi-gos'o-lene. A very light, inflamma¬ 
ble liquid, obtained by the distillation of petro¬ 
leum: used as a spray to induce local anaesthesia, 
cold being produced by the rapid transformation 
of the liquid into gas. Methyl chloride; 
Paquelin’s cautery. [ < pZyof cold.] 

rhin-, rhi'no-. Pertaining to the nose; nasal; 
NASO-: combining forms. [< p/f nose.] rhi-naes- 
the'sia, rhi-naes-the'sis, the sense of smell.— 
rhi-nae'us, the compressor naris muscle.— rhi'- 
nal, nasal, as R. -fissure, a term applied by Owen. 


RHIN- 


829 


RHIPICEPHALUS ANNULATUS 


to the fissure separating the olfactory bulb 
and tract from the cerebrum proper.— rhi-nal'- 
gi a, pain in the nose, as verminal r., pain 
in the nose caused by worms.— rhi-nal'um, a pro¬ 
prietary preparation of alum; used in diseases of 
the nose. — Rhinchop'rion pen'etrans = Pulex 
iiRRiTANS. — rhi*nen-ce-pha'lia, a monstrosity with 
a proboscis=like nose, trhi-nen-ceph'a-lus. — rhi*- 
nen-ce-phal'ic, rhi-nen-ceph'a-lous, relating to 
rhinencephalia or to the rhinencephalon, as R. seg¬ 
ment = RHINENCEPHALON*: R. vertebra, the fore¬ 
most of the four cranial vertebrae or segments.— 
rhi-nen-ceph'a-lon* rhi-nen-ceph'al, the olfactory 
lobe.— rhi-nen'chy-sis, the injection of medicines 
into the nose.— rhi-nen'chy-ta, an instrument for 
rhinenchysis. Lt. ’09.] — rhi-neu-ryn'ter, a 
dilatable rubber bag for insertion into the nose in 
epistaxis.— rhin-haem-a-to'ma, a haematoma in 
the nasal cartilage.— rhi-ni'a-try = rhinology. — 
rhi'nic ganglion, the sphenopalatine or Meckel’s 
ganglion.— rhi'ni on, the lower extremity of the 
suture between the nasal bones.— rhi'nism, the 
so*called nasal quality of the voice.— rhi-ni'tis, 
inflammation of the mucous membrane and soft 
parts of the nose; coryza, as Acute catarrhal r., 
acute nasal catarrh: R. caseo'sa, a form in which 
there is a fetid, gelatinous discharge: Chronic 
atrophic r. = oz^na: Chronic catarrhal r., with a 
thick, mucous, or purulent discharge and im¬ 
paired sense of smell: Croupous or fibrinous r., with 
a false membrane: Hypertrophic r., a form marked 
by thickening and swelling of the mucous mem¬ 
brane: Pseudomembranous r., rhinitis in which the 
inflamed region is covered with an opaque exuda¬ 
tion: Sclerotic r. = ozje^k: Scrofulous r., tuber¬ 
culous R. : R. sic'ca, a dry form: Syphilitic r., a 
form due to syphilis and marked by ulceration, 
caries, and fetid discharge: Tuberculous r., a form 
due to tuberculosis, attended with ulceration, 
caries of bone, and fetid discharge: and Vasomotor 
r. — HAY FEVER. — rhi*no-blen-nor-rhoe'a — rhi- 
NORRHCEA. — rhi-no'by on, a nasal tampon.— rhi- 
noc'a-ce, an offensive nasal discharge, especially 
one occurring in scarlet fever.— rhi-no-can-thec'- 
to-my = RHiNOMMECTOMY. — rhi*no-car-ci-no'- 
ma, nasal carcinoma.— rhi'no-caul, the peduncle 
of the olfactory bulb.— rhi'no-cele=RHiNOCCELiA. 

— rhi-no-ceph'a-lus = rhinencephalus. — rhi- 
noc'e-ros leg, elephantiasis of the leg.— rhi'no- 
chei-lo-plas'ty, plastic surgery of the nose and 
lips.— rhi-no-clei'sis, obstruction of the nasal pas¬ 
sages.— rhi-no-coe'li a, the ventricle of the olfac¬ 
tory lobe of the brain; rhinocele.— rhi-no-dac'ry- 
o-lith, a lachrymal calculus in the nasal duct.— 
rhi-no-dyn'i a, pain in the nose.— rhi-noe-de'ma, 
oedema of the nose or nasal region.— rhi-no- 
gen'ic, produced by, or thiough, the nose, as /?. 
brain abscess. — rhi-no-gram'ma, the nasal line. 

— rhi-no-la'li a, defective articulation of nasal 
origin; “talking through the nose.” It is due 
to undue closure (R. clau'sa), or patency {R. 
aper'ta), of the posterior nares.— rhi*no-lar-yn- 
gi'tis, inflammation of the nose and of the larynx. 

— rhimo-lar-yn-gol'o-gy, the science of the nose 
and larynx.—rhi'no-le-re'ma,-le-re'sis, disordered 
olfaction. — rhi'no-lin, a proprietary analgesic and 
disinfectant.— rhi'no-lith, -life, a calculus formed 
in the nose, often assuming bizarre shapes, 
jio-li-thi'a-sis.— rhi-nol'o-gy, the science of the 
nose and its diseases, frhi-no-log'i-cal. rhi-nol'- 
o_gist.— rhi-nom'e-ter, an instrument for meas¬ 
uring the nose and its cavities.— rhi-no-mi-o'sis, 


operative diminution of the size of the nose.— 
rhi-nom-mec'to-my, excision of the inner canthus 
of the eye.— rhi*no-ne-cro'sis, necrosis of the nasal 
bones.— rhi*no-phar-yn-gi'tis, inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the nose and pharynx, at 
times markedly deforming the part (R. mu'tilans). 

— rhimo-pha-ryng'o-lith, a calculus of the na¬ 
sopharynx. — rhi-no-phar'ynx = nasopharynx. 
frhi'no-pha-ryn'geal.— rhi-no-pho'nia, the sound 
of the voice heard through the nose, Rhino¬ 
lalia.— rhi-no-phy'ma, a form of acne rosacea, 
often observed in alcoholics, in which the nose is 
hypertrophied, dusky red, and bulbous or nodular. 

— rhi'no-plas-ty, plastic operation upon the nose 
for the restoration of destroyed or lacking portions 
of it, as English r., rhinoplasty in which the flaps 
are taken from the cheeks: German r., Langen- 
beck’s rhinoplasty, done at a single sitting; Von 
Graefe’s r.: Heteroplastic r., rhinoplasty in which 
the tissues are obtained from another individual: 
Indian r., a variety in which the flap is taken 
from the forehead: Italian r., tagliacotian r. : 
Langenbeck’s r., a modification of the Indian, the 
periosteum being included in the flap; periosteal 
r.: Osteoplastic r., rhinoplasty in which a flap of 
cartilage is made to replace the nasal septum: 
Periosteal r., Langenbeck’s r.: Post's r., rhino¬ 
plasty in which a flap is taken from the patient’s 
finger: Syme's r., English r. : Tagliacotian r., a 
variety in which the flap is taken from the arm: 
Wood's r., a variety in which an inverted flap is 
taken from the upper lip and covered by flaps 
taken from the cheeks. i^Gersuny’s method. 
trhi'no-plast,one who has an artificial nose formed 
by rhinoplasty, rhi-no-plas'tic, as R. operation 
== rhinoplasty: R. pin, a pin used in fasten¬ 
ing an artificial nose to a natural base.— rhi- 
no-pol'y-pus, polypus of the nose.— rhi-nop'ti a, 
internal strabismus. — rhi-nor-rha'gi a = epi¬ 
staxis. — rhi-nor'rha-phy, an operation for the 
relief of epicanthus.— rhi-nor-rhoe'a, an emis¬ 
sion of limpid mucus from the nose without 
inflammatory symptoms, rhinoblennorrhoea, as 
cerebrospinal r., the emission of cerebrospinal fluid 
through the nose.— rhimo-sal-pin-gi'tis, simulta¬ 
neous inflammation of the nasal mucosa and the 
eustachian tube.— rhi-no-scle'rin, an extract from 
cultures of Bacillus rhinosclerom'atis, used in 
treating rhinoscleroma.— rhimo-scle-ro'ma, indu¬ 


rated infiltrations or excrescences of 
extreme hardness upon the nose or 
its mucous membrane, which may ex¬ 
tend down to the 
mouth or ob- 
struct the nos¬ 
trils, and are 
to the Bacil'lus 
scleroma respira- 

RODERMA. — rhi- 

amination of the 
with a rhi'no- 
hind {posterior r.) 
speculum {ante- 
scop'ic.— Rhino- 
neal'yi (min'- 
of the nasal mu- 
papilloma, etc.— 
sis, -ste-no'sis. 


thought to be due 
rhinosclerom'atis; 
torium. ^Scle- 
nos'co-py, the ex- 
nasal passages 
scope from be- 
or with a nasal 
riorr.). frhi-no- 
sporid'ium ki- 
chin) , a sporozoon 
cous membrane, 

Rhinoscope. no-steg-no 
nasal obstruc¬ 
tion.— rhi'no-thrix, a hair growing in a nostril. 
Rhipiceph'alus annula'tus. The tick which trans¬ 
mits Texas fever to cattle, Gn. ’08.] R. ship- 
leyi, Rhodesian cattle disease, 



RHIZO- 


830 


RHONCHUS 


rhi-'zo-. Pertaining to or resembling a root: a com¬ 
bining form. [< root.] Rhizo'bi a, bacteria 
of leguminous rootstubercles, which haVe the 
power of chemically binding free nitrogen from 
the air.— rhi-zo-co'nin and rhi'zo-co-no'le-in, 
crystalline principles obtained from the root of 
CoNiUM MACULATUM. ^— rhi-zo-don'tro-py, the 
operation of fixing an artificial crown to the root 
of a tooth by pivoting.— rhi-zo-don'try-py, per¬ 
foration of the root of a tooth in order to allow 
morbific matter to escape.— Rhizog'lyphus para- 
sit'icus, an itchsmite which is said to be the cause 
of an itchdike affection of the feet of coolies on 
tea»plantations. [Tf 5 . ’09.] rhi'zoid, in bacteri¬ 
ology, having an irregular branched or root^like 
character, as in growths of the Bacil'lus mycoi'- 
des. — rhi'zome, rhi-zo'ma, a rootsstock, a peren¬ 
nial, horizontal, more or less subterranean and 
rootslike stem, as that of Iris, Ac'orus caVantus, 
etc.— rhi'zo-me-lic spondylosis, progressive anky- 
lotic rigidity of the spine: in the von Bechterew 
type there is in addition rootspain and degenera¬ 
tion of the posterior roots and posterior columns 
01 the cord, while in the StriimpellsMarie type 
the large joints are involved.— rhi'zo-neure, a 
nervescell which forms a nerve^root.— rhi-zo- 
neu'ron, a motor nerve=cell.— rhi-zo-nych'i a, root 
of the nail, frhi-zo-nych'i al.— Rhizoph'ora, man¬ 
grove, a genus of rhizophoraceous trees, several 
species of which are used in medicines.— rhi-zo- 
phytosal-o-pe'ci a = trichomycosis circinata. 

— Rhizop'oda, an order of Protozoa that move by 
protoplasmic processes (pseudopodia) which can 
be protruded from any portion of the body. 

rhod-, rho'do-. Pertaining to or like the rose: a 
combining form. [< podov rose.] rho-dalffin== 
THiosiNAMiNE. — rho-da'mine, a reddish=violet 
dye.— rho'dan compounds. J- A. M. A. ij. 
'06; I.M. ’06.] R. reaction. [^A.M. 1903.] — 
rho-dan'ic acid = sulphocyanic acid, frho'da- 
nate; rho'da-nide.— rho-de-o-re'tin = jalapin. — 
rho-de-o-rhe'tin = convolvulin. — rho'de-ose, a 
sweetssmelling derivative of convolvulin.— rho'- 
di-nal, an aldehyde derived from rhodinol; 
citral.— rho'di-nol, an alcohoblike substance, 
CjgHjgO, one of the constituents of oil of rose 
which may be prepared artificially.— rho'di um. 
I. A metallic element of the platinum group of 
which the chloride and the sesquichloride are the 
best=known salts; at. wt., 102.2 ;symb., Rh. 2. 
The root wood of Convol'vulus scopa'rius, the oil 
of which has the odor of rosewood and is used 
to attract rats, foxes, etc.— rho-di-zon'ic acid, a 
crystalline substance, CgHgOg, formed by decom¬ 
posing CARBOXYLIC ACID. — Rhododcn'dron, a 
genus of ericaceous trees and shrubs, including 
many species, as A. chrysan'ihemum and R. pon'ti- 
cum, which have stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, 
antirheumatic, and narcotic properties. Dose, 
8 Gm. (2 drs.).— rho-do-gen'e-sis, the process of 
regeneration by which the visual purple which 
has become bleached by light is restored to its 
color by darkness, Rhodophylaxis. Rho- 
domy'ces ko'chi, a fungus found in the stomach 
in pyrosis.— rho'do-phane, a red pigment ob¬ 
tained from the retinae of certain birds and fishes. 

— rho'do-phy-lax'is, a supposed property pos¬ 
sessed by the retinal epithelium of protecting 
and increasing the power of the visual purple to 
regain its color after bleaching, frho'do-phy- 
lac'tic. — rho-do-phyl'lin, a supposed compound 
extracted by bile from the retina and its epithe¬ 


lium.— rho-dop'sin = visual purple. — rho-do- 
sac'cha-rum, sugar of roses.— Rhodyme'nia pal- 
ma'ta, an algous plant used sometimes in the 
treatment of scrofula. 

Rho-de'sian cattle disease. A disease of cattle 
along the South African coast, due to a Piro- 
plasma, transmitted by the brown tick, Rhipi- 
ceph'alus ship'leyi, and resembling Texas fever. 

Piroplasmosis. 

-rhoea. A suffix denoting a flow or discharge; as 

in DIARRHOEA, GONORRHOEA. [< pElV tO floW. 

The r is doubled after a vowel.] |-rhoeic. 

rhoe'as. i. The common red poppy of Europe, 
Papa'ver rhoe'as, the flowers containing rhce-ad'- 
ic acid, a red=coloring principle; rhoe'a-dine, 
G^iHjiNOg, a nonspoisonous alkaloid; and rhoe- 
ag'e-nine, a decomposition alkaloid, isomeric with 
rhoeadine. 2. The common name for dried petals 
of commerce. 

rhom-ben-ceph'a-lon*. A lozenge^shaped brain; 
rhomboid brain; hind=brain: it arises from the 
posterior vesicle. 

rhom'bic system. The trimetric system of crys¬ 
tallization. 

rhom*bosat-loi'de us. An occasional muscle arising 
from the spines of one or more lower cervical or 
upper dorsal vertebrae and inserted into the 
transverse process of the atlas. 

rhom-bo-coe'li a. = Sinus rhomboideus. 

rhom-bo-he'dral phosphorus, Phosphorus. 

rhom-bo-he'dric system. The hexagonal system of 

CRYSTALLIZATION. 

rhom'boid, rhom-boi'dal. Approaching a rhomboid 
or a rhomb in form. R. fossa, the fourth ven¬ 
tricle of the brain. R. impression, a point upon 
the clavicle to which the rhomboid ligament is 
attached; tuberositas costalis*. R. ligament, the 
ligament joining the sternal end of the clavicle 
with the cartilage of the first rib; rhoboideum. 
R. muscles, the rhomboideus muscles, c®" Rhom¬ 
boideus. R. sinus, the fourth ventricle. ^ Sinus 
rhomboideus. 

rhomboideus (rom-boi'di-us or rom-boi-di'us), pi. 
-dei. A rhomboidal muscle, especially the R. major 
or inferior (M. rhomboideus major*), which arises 
from the spinous processes and interspinous liga¬ 
ments of the upper four or five dorsal vertebrae 
and is inserted into the lower two^thirds of the 
vertebral border of the scapula, or the R. minor 
or superior {M. rhomboideus minor*), a band=like 
muscle which arises from the lower part of the 
LiGAMENTUM NUCH.E and extends between the 
spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first 
dorsal vertebrae and is inserted into the vertebral 
border of the scapula opposite the infraspinous 
fossa. R. occipita'lis, an occasional muscle aris¬ 
ing from the inner third of the superior curved 
line of the occipital bone and inserted upon the 
scapula above the rhomboideus. 

rhon'chus, pi. -chi. A rattling .sound in the throat, 
or a very strong wheezing, ts- Rale. A sound 
heard on auscultation when the air^channels are 
partly obstructed. The term is restricted by 
some authors to the so-called dry and more or 
less musical sounds produced in the bronchial 
tubes, for instance, sonorous and sibilant rhon- 
chus, the former being low-pitched and the latter 
high-pitched. R. sib'ilans = rale sibilant. [< 
poyxog snoring.] trhon'chal or rhon'chi al, as R. 
fremitus, a peculiar gurgling auscultation sound 
caused by vibration of the bronchial tubes, and 
indicating a purulent cavity in the lungs. 


RHOPALOCEPHALUS CARCINOMATOSUS 831 


RICHET’S BANDAGE 


Rhopaloceph'alus carcinomato'sus. One of the 

many described organisms alleged to cause cancer. 
[<pd7 raAor’ club + Kecpa'Ar/ head.] 
rho-phe'sis. Absorption, as by a sponge. fro- 
phet'ic. 

rhos'a-ton. An old term for a confection of roses, 
rho'ta-cism, rho-ta-cis'mus. Mispronunciation or 
improper use of the letter r. ts- Dyslalia ; para- 
rhotacism. 

rhox. I. The urea. 2. A fissure or papilla. 3. A 
species of poisonous spider. [< pd)^ a cleft.] 
rhu'barb. i. The common name for the various 
species of Rheum*. False or poor man’s r., the 
plant Thalic'trum fta'vum. Sweet tincture of r. = 
TiNCTURA RHEi DULcis. Torrefied r., rhubarb 
rendered less cathartic and more astringent by 
roasting. 2. The common edible pie=plant. [< 
Rha Volga, a river in Russia + bar'barus wild: so 
named because chiefly brought from Russia.] 
rhu-bar-bar'ic acid, rhu-bar'ba-rin. = Chryso- 

PHANIC ACID. 

Rhus. A widely distributed genus of anacardia- 
ceous trees and shrubs. The dried fruit of the R. 
glabra* or common sumach is used internally in 
doses of I Gm. (15 grs.) in cystitis, rheumatism, 
and as a tonic and local astringent. An infu¬ 
sion of the fruit or the inner part of the root* 
bark is used as an astringent gargle in sore throat 
or mercurial stomatitis. The extractum rhois 
GLABR.® FLUiDUM was official in the 1890 U. S. P. 
^Rhusin. Of the many poisonous varieties 
may be mentioned the R. diversilo'ba, R. rad'i- 
cans, R. toxicoden'dron or poisonsivy, and R. 
venena'ta. R. toxicodendron was official in the 
1890 U. S. P. 

rhu'sin. A precipitate from a tincture of the root 
of Rhus gla'bra: tonic and astringent, 
rhus'ma. = Atkinson’s depilatory. 
rhy'as. A disease of the eye consisting in a defect 
or ulceration and final disappearance of the 
CARUNCULA LACHRYM.^Lis, causing an incurable 
continual flow of tears (epiphora). 
rhym'ing delirium. Mania in which the person re¬ 
peats portions of verse 
rhyn-. = Rhin-. 

rhyo-sto-ma-tu'ri a. The alleged metastasis of 
urine to the salivary glands. [< pvd^ fluid-t- 
arojia mouth -h ovpov urine.] 
rhy'pi a. = Rupia. 

rhy-po-pho'bi a. Morbid fear of dirt; rupophobia. 
rhythm, rhyth'mus. Measure of actions, sounds, or 
functions occurring at regular intervals, as Can¬ 
tering r. and Pendulum r. [< L. rhyth'mus, fr. 
pvOfiog measured movement.] frhyth'mic, as R. 
chorea, chorea in which the movements take 
place at definite intervals, and R. dyspnoea = 
CheynesStokes respiration. rhyth'mism. 
rhyth-mo-ther'a-py, treatment of disease by 
rhythm. 

rhyt-i-do'sis. = Rutidosis. 
rhy'tis. A wrinkle; ruga. 

rib. I. One of 24 long, flat, curved bones, 12 on 
each side, which enclose the chest; os costale*. 
The ribs are divided into true {costae verae*) or 
sternovertebral, as the first seven pairs, because 
they are united by their cartilages to the ster¬ 
num, and false (costae spuriae*), asternal, or 
vertebral, as the remaining five pairs, of which 
the upper three are successively united to the 
lowest true rib and to each other, and the two 
lower ones are termed floating or abdominal, be¬ 
cause attached to the vertebrae only. The ver¬ 


1 


A 


spica 


tebral extremity of a rib is called the head 
(capitulum costae*) ; the contracted part which 
adjoins it forms the neck (collum costae*) ; at the 
back of the rib is the tubercle 
(tuberculum costae*) ; farther outward 
the bone bends forward, producing 
the angle (angulus costae*), from 
which proceeds the body (corpus 
costae*), which passes forward and 
downward to the sternal extremity. 

The eighth rib is the longest, and 
the tenth (Stiller’s rib) is excessively 
movable, Cervical rib ; costal. 

R. shears=cosTOTOME. 2. The chief 
vein of a leaf. 3. The lamina of a 
bloodsclot. [< A. S. ribb. L. cos'tai\ 
fribbed, as R. funnel and R. tongue, 
a furrowed tongue. 

Ribbail’s bandage (rib'elz) 
bandage for the instep. 

Rib'bert’s theory. A theory which ex¬ 
plains the formation of cancer by the 
nipping off, and subsequent growth, 
of epithelial cells by the proliferation Rib Shears. 
of the connectivestissue cells, 
rib'bon. =T®:nia, as R. of Reil, the medial fillet, 
and R. of Vicq d'Azyr, a thin stratum of white 
brain*matter situated in the occipital region, 
rib'bon section, serial paraffin sections so cut 
that each section adheres to the edge of the 
one cut before it, forming a connected chain 
of sections arranged in the order of their cutting, 
rib'bonslike keratitis, Keratitis. 

Ribement’s laryngeal tube (ri-be-mofiz'). A tube 
used for insufflation in asphyxia neonatorum. 
ri'bes. A genus of saxifragaceous plants which in¬ 
cludes the currants and the gooseberries, as R. 
ni'grum, the black currant, the juice of which is 
known as ri-be'sin and used in section=staining. 
Ribes’s ganglion (ribz). A supposed sympathetic 
ganglion upon the anterior communicating artery 
of the brain, formerly regarded as uniting the 
anterior extremities of the sympathetic system, 
rib'let. A costal process of a vertebra, 
ri'bose. One of the pentoses, formed by 

heating arabinose with pyridin. 
rice. The seeds of Ory'tm sati'va, or the plant itself. 
R. disease = CHOLERA. R.=, R.slike, or R.=seed 
bodies = melon=seed bodies. R.swater evacua¬ 
tions or stools, the very watery stools of cholera. 
Richardso'nia sca'bra. The systematic name of the 
white or undulated ipecacuanha, a cinchona- 
ceous, emetic herb. Richardso'nia emet'ica is a 
source of white ipecacuanha. 

Rich'ardson’s bellows. An apparatus 
vapors into the middle ear. R.’s 
method, a method whereby auscultation is prac¬ 
tised with a tube in the oesophagus. R.’s mix¬ 
ture, a mixture of 3 parts of ether and 2 each of 
chloroform and alcohol. R.’s styptic colloid, a 
mixture of tannin and collodion. R.’s signs or 
tests, a summary of the signs of death, with spe¬ 
cial attention called to the applying of a fillet to 
the arm, when if death be present the distal veins 
will not become filled; filletstest. 
RichetsH^ricourt’s serum. An anticancerous serum. 
Richet’s bandage (ri-shez'). A plaster*ofsparis 
bandage to which a small amount of gelatin is 
added. R.’s fascia, a fold of extraperitoneal 
fascia enveloping a cord representing the obliter¬ 
ated umbilical vein. R.’s method, treatment of 
tuberculosis by injections gf blgod^serurn. 


for injecting 
auscultation 
















RICHTER’S HERNIA 


832 


RIGOR 


Richter’s hernia (ricn'terz). A hernia in which a 
portion only of the lumen of the bowel is in¬ 
volved; enterocele; parietal or Littre’s hernia. 
R.’s suture, a form of suture for wounds of the 
intestine, consisting of interrupted metallic su¬ 
tures twisted and brought out of the abdomen, 
rich'weed. =Collinsonia canadensis. 
ric'in. The poisonous agglutinin of castor^oil 
beans; phytalbumose. It possesses many prop¬ 
erties, as immunization, similar to the toxins of 
bacteria (Robert). c^Abrin. 
ric'in-el-a-id'ic acid, ric‘in-e-la'i-din (ric-i-no'- 
lein), ri-cin'ic acid, ric'i-nate, ric'i-nine, and ric- 
i-no'le-ic acid (rlc-i-nol'ic acid or elaiodic acid). 
Various substances, besides ricin, obtained from 
castor oil. Of these, ricinoleic acid, CjgHg^Og, 
is regarded as the active purgative agent, 
ric'i-nism. Poisoning with castor oil, which may 
produce a haemorrhagic gastro=enteritis with 
icterus. k^Crotonism. 

Ric'inus. A genus of euphorbiaceous plants, of 
which the R. communis, a widely distributed 
species, furnishes the seeds (sem'ina ri'cini) from 
which castor oil (oleum ricini*) is expressed; 
castor=oil plant; palma christi; Mexico seed ; oil 
plant; castor bean. [L., a tick, which the seed 
resembles.] 

rick'ets. A disease of childhood, in which there is 
a lack of the earthy salts in the bones, with re¬ 
sultant curvatures and deformities of them, af¬ 
fections of the liver, spleen, and mesenteric 
glands, a prominent abdomen, and a condition 
of general weakness; rhachitis. A systolic mur¬ 
mur may often be heard by listening over the 
anterior fontanelle. Nourishing food, fresh air, 
exercise, and tonics furnish the best mode of 
ti-eatment. t^B.vuLOw’s disease. Acute r., a 
variety of scurvy found in infants. Fat r., 
rickets in which the infant is plump and well 
nourished. Foetal r., a variety said to occur in 
utero, but rickets rarely develops before the fifth 
month. Hemorrhagic r., infantile SCURVY, Lean 
r., rickets in which the infant is emaciated. [De¬ 
rived from an old English word wrickken to 
twist. Glisson, who described the disease in 1650, 
suggested rhachitis as preferable, as the spine 
was often affected and there was a great similar¬ 
ity in sound of the two words.] frick'e-ty, as 
R. chest, a chest marked by the presence of the 
RHACHiTic rosary, by the existence of two 
grooves, one in front of the rosary and the other 
behind it, by increased convexity of the costal 
cartilages, and by Harrison’s groove. 
ricochet (ri-c6-she). Injury of a part from a re¬ 
flected bullet. [F.] 

Ricord’s chancre (ri-corz). -= Hunterian or hard 
CHANCRE. R.’s method, the alternating use of 
mercurials for six months and of potassium 
iodide for three months in syphilis, 
ric'tus oc'uli or palpebra'rum. The fis.sure or inter¬ 
val between the two eyelids. R. lupi'nus = cleft 
palate. [L.] 

RideaHWalker cosefficient. The number expressing 
the relative bactericidal activity of a disinfec¬ 
tant as compared with phenol. 

Rideal’s method. Sterilization of water by the ad¬ 
dition of hypochlorite, permanganate and bisul¬ 
phate. [Tf Gn. ’08.] 

ri'der’s bone. = Cavalry bone. R.’s bursa, an 
enlarged bursa caused by riding on horseback. 
R.’s sprain, sprain of the adductor muscles of the 
leg caused by sudden strain while on horseback. 


ridge. A prominent border; stria* ; an elevated 
line, especially rough elevations on bone for the 
attachment of muscles and ligaments, as the bi¬ 
cipital r., deltoid r., and superciliary r. 
Crest; raphe. Ridges of the skin, fine eleva¬ 
tions upon the surface of the skin caused by the 
papillae of the corium. Bertillon’s system. 

ridgel (rfj'^ 1 ). An animal with one testicle lacking. 

Eunuch; capon; castration. 

Ridge’s food (rfj'ez). A proprietary farinaceous 
food for infants. 

ri'ding of bones. Displacement of the extremities 
of fractured bones, so that one fragment overlaps 
the other instead of meeting end to end. R. hag, 
nightmare. 

Ridley’s sinus (rtd'liz). = Circular sinus. 

Riedel’s process or lobe (ri'ddz). A strapslike ex¬ 
tension of the liver over the galbbladder some¬ 
times met in cholelithiasis. 

Riegel’s test (ri-gHz). The change of Congo^red 
paper or solution to blue, if free hydrochloric 
acid be present in the gastric juice. R.’s disease, 
asthmatic tachycardia. 

Riegler’s reaction (rig'lerz). i. An exceedingly sen¬ 
sitive test for nitrites and nitrous acid made by 
adding equal parts of naphtionic acid and beta- 
naphthol. 2. A betanaphtholenesulphonic acid 
test for albumin. 3. Other color tests, as those 
for albumoses, peptones, and uric acid by para- 
nitraniten, glucose by phenylhydrazine hydro¬ 
chlorate, and bile*pigments by diazonitranilin. 

Rieux’s hernia (ri-ez). A retrocoecal hernia. 

Riga balsam. The essential oil of turpentine dis¬ 
tilled from the young shoots of Pi'nus cem'bra; 
Carpathian balsam or oil. 

Ri-gal’s' suture. A pin suture in which rubber 
rings are used instead of threads. 

Ri'ga’s disease, r. Cachectic aphthae on the fraenum 
of the tongue, possibly diphtheritic, marked by 
pigmentation of the skin and changes in the liver 
and spleen. [Described by Antonio Riga, an 
Italian physician, in 1881.] 2. A small tumor on 

the tongue of nursing infants: due to mechanical 
irritation. 

Riggs’s disease {vig'ziz). = Pyorrhoea alveolaris. 
R.’s method, a method for the radical cure of 
hernia by drawing a large seton through the sac. 

right. Dexter*: opposed to left, as in the ventri¬ 
cles of the heart. R.sbrained, having the speech* 
centre in the right half of the brain, R.seyed- 
ness, the normal manner of fixation of the objects 
to be viewed by the right eye; dextrocularity. 
R.shandedness, the normal use of the right hand 
in preference to the left, i®* Ambidextrous. 

ri-gid'i-ty. Stiffness; inflexibility; rigidness. Some 
varieties of rigidity are Anatomical (= rigor 
mortis). Cadaveric or Post ==mortem (= rigor mor¬ 
tis), Clasp-knife, Cerebellar, Hemiplegic, Muscu¬ 
lar, and Spasmodic, Spondylitis deformans. 
[< L. rigid'itas, fr. ri'gidus stiff, rigid.] frig'id, as 
R. atrophy, muscular atrophy together with rigid¬ 
ity, and R. os, spasmodic contraction of the cer¬ 
vix uteri during labor or organic rigidity of the 
cervix uteri. Anatomical rigidity of the 
CERVIX uteri. 

rig'or. I. A chill. 2. Rigidity. R. mor'tis. i. 
The stiffening of the muscles after death, due to 
coagulation of their plasma; post*mortem or 
cadaveric rigidity; death*stiffening. 2. Rigidity 
of muscles which have lost their irritability. R. 
nervo'rum, R. nervo'sus, tetanus, R. tre'mens, 
paralysis agitans. [L. fr. pLyelv to shiver.] 


RIMA 


RIVIERA 


83 :’> 


ri'ma, pi. -mce. i. A chink; tissure; cleft; crack. 
2. The gap through which the lateral choroid 
plexus enters the lateral ventricle. R. ad infun- 
dib'ulum, the anterior aperture of the third ven¬ 
tricle. R. clu'nium, the cleft of the nates. R. 
cornea'lis*, the anterior scleral foramen. Rimae 
cu'tis. I. The natural furrows of the skin. 2. 
= Rhagades. R. glot'tidis*. the glottis. R. 
glot'tidis cartilagin'ea, that portion of the glottis 
which lies between the arytenoid cartilages. R. 
hel'icis, an occasional cleft in the lower anterior 
portion of the helix. R. o'ris*, the orifice of the 
mouth. R. palpebra'rum*, palpebral fissure of 
eyelids. R. puden'di*, the orifice of the vulva. 
R. respirato'ria, the space between the arytenoid 
cartilages behind their vocal processes. R. uro- 
genita'lia, the aperture or slit between the labia 
majora of the vulva. R. voca'lis = R. glottidis. 
[L.] tri'niose or ri'mous; rim'u-la, a small fis¬ 
sure, cleft, or crack. 

rind. i. The integument or bark. 2. A West In¬ 
dian sugarscane disease. 

Rinderpest (rm'd^r-pest). The cattlesplaguc, a 
contagious disease of cattle of unknown origin; 
contagious typhus; steppe murrain; cattle plague. 
The gall of animals dead from the disease is em¬ 
ployed for purposes of immunization. [Ger. rin'- 
der cattle + pest plague.] 

Rindfleisch’s granulescells (rmt'flaish-^z). Eosinoph- 
ilous leucocytes containing granules; eosino- 

PHILES. 

ring. = Annulus. Specially named varieties are 
Abbe’s, Abdominal, Arsenical, Bandl’s, Ben¬ 
zene, Bronchial, Ciliary, Crural (= femoral). 
Inguinal (= abdominal), Lowe’s, Maxwell’s, 
Muller’s, Navel (= umbilical), Newton’s, Re¬ 
traction (= Bandl’s r.), Spermatorrhcea, Tym¬ 
panic, and Umbilical. R. bodies, Cabot’s term 
for peculiar ringslike bodies found in the red 
bloodscells in lead poisoning and pernicious anae¬ 
mia. R. bone, a deposit of bony matter on the 
pastern bones of a horse’s foot. R. callus = en- 
sheathing callus. R. finger, the fourth finger; 
digitus IV; digitus annularis*. R. form of mala¬ 
rial parasite, the shape which any variety may 
assume. R.sinfiltration, infiltration of cells in the 
laminae of the cornea, occurring in a circular 
shape, and due to septic affection of the cornea. 
R. pessary, a vaginal pessary shaped like a ring. 
R. scotoma, scotoma. 

ringed hair. A form of canities in which the white 
coloration appears in bands. 

Ring'er’s solution. A physiological salt solution of 
sodium, potassium, and calcium chlorides and 
sodium bicarbonate, Locke’s solution. 

ring'worm. Any cutaneous disease due to vege¬ 
table parasites and occurring in ring-shaped 
patches. Treatment by formalin is often effica¬ 
cious. Herpes; tinea; trichophyton, R. 
of the scalp, tinea capitis or tinea tonsurans, es¬ 
pecially the former. 

Rin'mann’s sign. The cord-like radiations proceed¬ 
ing from the nipple in early pregnancy. 

Rin-n6’s test. A method of testing the hearing by 
placing a vibrating tuning-fork alternately before 
the ear and over the mastoid process and noting 
the difference in the duration of the sound. If the 
sound is heard longer before the ear, the air con¬ 
duction is better than that of the bone, and vice 
versa. [ 1 ] L. j. ’07.] 

Riolan’s arch (ri-o-lahz). The arch of mesentery 
attached to the transverse mesocolon. R.’s bones 
53 


or ossicles, small bones sometimes seen in the 
petro-occipital suture of the skull. R.’s bouquet, 
the bundle of muscles and ligaments attached to 
the styloid process of the temporal bone. R.’s 
ciliary muscle = ciliary muscle, def. 2. R.’s 
nosegay = R.’s bouquet. [< J. Riolan, French 
anatomist. 1577-1657.] 

ri'pa. The line marking the reflection of the epen¬ 
dyma of the ventricles of the brain over a tela or 
plexus. [L., a bank.] fri-par'i al, ri-pa'ri an, 
ri-par'i ous, marginal. 

Ripault’s sign (ri-p6z'). Change in the shape of the 
pupil caused by pressure upon the eye, transitory 
during life, permanent after death. 

Ripiceph'alus annula'tus. [t M. H. ’06.] 
ripe cataract. = Mature cataract. 
rip'ples. A Scotch term for locomotor ataxia. 
risipoTa lombar'da. = Pellagra. [It.] 
ri'so-. = Rhizo-. 

ri-so'ri us. The “ laughing ” muscle o^ Santorini, a 
thin muscular plane which arises subcutaneously 
over the masseter and the parotid gland and pro¬ 
ceeds toward the angle of the mouth, which it 
draws backward and upward and thus gives a 
smiling expression ; M. risorius*. 
ri'sus. Laughter. R. cani'nus or sardon'icus, a 
laughing appearance caused by involuntary tonic 
contraction of the muscles inserted near the 
corner of the mouth and sometimes seen in 
tetanus and strychnine poisoning; sardonic or 
Sardinian grin or laugh. [L.] 

Ritgen’s method (rft'genz). Lifting the fetal head, 
between the pains, by the hands, the fingers rest¬ 
ing upon the perineum behind the anus. 

Ritisch’s suture (rft'tsh-tz). A form of suture of 
anastomosis of a divided intestine. The suture 
is passed through the bowel from side to side, 
and the end twisted and brought out of the ab¬ 
dominal wound. 

RittersRollet phenomenon (rtt'^r-ro-ye'). Flexion 
of the foot following gentle electric stimulation, 
and extension following energetic stimulation. 
Ritter’s disease (rft'^rz). A severe exfoliative in¬ 
flammation of the skin affecting young infants; 
dermatitis exfoliativa infantum. R.’s law = 
Ritter-Valli law. R.’s tetanus, temporary 
tetanic contractions produced by sending a con¬ 
stant electric current through a nerve and then 
suddenly interrupting it. 

RittersValli law (rft'^r-val'i). The law that both the 
initial increase and the succeeding loss of irrita¬ 
bility caused by dividing a nerve travel from the 
point of division to the peripheral end of the 
divided nerve. 

Ritt'hau-sen’s process. A chemical process for de¬ 
termining milk-proteids. Gn. ’08.] 

Rivallie’s caustic (ri-va-liz). Lint treated with 
strong nitric acid. 

rivalry of the visual fields. An alternation of sen¬ 
sation in the eyes when the field of vision of each 
eye is different; visual strife. 

Ri'vasRoc'ci sphygmomanometer. A variety of 
sphygmomanometer in which there is an inflata¬ 
ble cylinder of thin rubber made to encircle an 
extremity, usually the arm, like a tire. The ten¬ 
sion of air when sufficient to cut off the arterial 
pulse gives the systolic blood-pressure by eleva¬ 
tions on a mercurial manometer. 

Ri-vi-e'ra. A popular name for a picturesque and 
healthful strip of shore in France and Italy along 
the Gulf of Genoa from Spezia to Cannes, includ¬ 
ing Nice, Mentone, and Monte Carlo. 


RIVERIUS’S DRAUGHT 


rOntgen rays 


834 


Riverius’s draught (ri-vi'ri-us-tz). A solution of so¬ 
dium citrate. (R.’s salt.) 

Rivinus’s (rivinian) canals or ducts (rf-vi'nus-fz, ri- 
vin'i-qn). The small excretory ducts of the sub¬ 
lingual glands; ductus sublinguales minores*. 
Bartholin’s duct. R. foramen or notch, the 
gap in the upper and anterior part of the tym¬ 
panic ring filled in by Shrapnell’s membrane; in- 
cisura tympanica [Rivini]*. R. gland, the sub¬ 
lingual gland. R. segment, a space in the upper 
anterior part of the tympanic ring. [A. Q. Rivi- 
nus, German anatomist, 1652-1723.] 

Rivolta’s disease (rf-v 61 'taz). = Actinomycosis. 

ri'vus lacrima'lis*. Lachrymal stream of tears. [L.] 
rixolene (rtc'so-lin). Artificial oil of turpentine, 
ri'zine. Rice, acted upon by superheated steam. 
RizzolisEsmarch operation (rfd'zo-li-ez'-marcx). 
Removal of a lozengesshaped portion of the 
ramus of the lower jaw to relieve ankylosis, 
roar'ing. A disease of horses in which noisy breath¬ 
ing is apart: suturing of the divided recurrent 
to the vagus has been recommended with strip¬ 
ping of ventricle, and consequent adherence of 
the vocal cords, f Roar'er. 
rob, roob. A syrup made from the juice of fruits 
with sugar and reduced to a greater consistency 
by boiling, as Elderberry r. [< Arab, robb, sap.] 
Roberts’s macula (robTrts-fz). Local aggregation of 
the coloring matter within a red blood=corpuscle, 
caused by the addition of tannic acid to the blood. 
R.’s operation, correction of a deflected nasal sep¬ 
tum by a linear incision and subsequent trans¬ 
fixion with a pin. R.’s pelvis, a transversely con¬ 
tracted pelvis. R.’s differential density fermenta¬ 
tion test, decomposition of any sugar present in 
the urine by means of yeast, the difference in 
specific gravity before and after fermentation 
determining the amount of sugar present. 
Robertson, Argyll=, reflex (rob'ert-son). Reaction 
of the pupil in accommodation, but not to light. 
R.’s pupil = ArgyllsRobertson pupil. 

Robin'i a. A genus of leguminous plants, of which 
the root of R. ama'ra is a stomachic and that of 
R. Pseudoaca'cta, containing the glucoside, rob'i- 
nin, is emeto*cathartic and tonic. 

Robin’s fluid (ro-bahz). A solution of 1% sodium 
chloride and mercuric chloride. R.’s myelo- 
plax == OSTEOCLAST. 

rob'in’s rye. = Polytrichium juniperinum. 
Robiquet’s paste (ro-bi-cez). A caustic preparation 
of zinc chloride, flour, and guttaspercha. 
rob'o-rant. Giving strength; as a R. medicine. 
ro'bo-rat. A vegetable albuminoid food, 
ro-bust'. Hardy; strong; healthy; sturdy; mus¬ 
cular; vigorous. 

RoccelTa tincto'ria. A species of lichen which fur¬ 
nishes LITMUS and roc-cel'lic acid: archil, rock 
moss, and dyers’ lichen. 

Rochelle powder (ro-sh<7l'). =Pulvis efferves- 
CENs coMPOsiTUs*. R. Salt, potassium and sodium 
tartrate. 

Roch’s test. The precipitation of albumin in urine 
by sulphosalicylic acid. 

rockscandy. Sugar crystallized into large mono¬ 
clinic crystals; saccharum candum; candesatum: 
combined with whisky, it is a popular remedy 
for colds. R. crystal, a colorless, transparent 
variety of quartz: used for spectaclesglasses. R. 
fever — Malta fever. R. moss, various species 
of lichen furnishing litmus. R. oil = petroleum. 
R. rose = Helianthemum. R. salt, common 
salt in lumps as mined. 


rock'ing microtome. A microtome in which the 
object to be cut is fastened to the end of a lever 
which moves up and down, carrying the object 
across a stationary knife, 
rock'y itch. = Scabies purulenta. 

Rock'y Mountain fever. Mountain fever from the 
bite of a tick, the Dermacen'tor venus'tus. 
rod. ®-CoRTi’s R. ; enamel r. ; Heidenhain’s 
R. ; Maddox’s r.; retinal r.; R.sbacterium, a 
bacillus. R.sbipolars, bipolar nervescells of the 
inner muscular layer of the retina which are es¬ 
pecially connected with the rod visual cells. The 
bipolar cells connected with the cone element are 
called cone^bipolars. R.sellipsoid, the outer longi¬ 
tudinally striated portion of the inner rod^sec- 
tion ; lenticular body. R.sepithelium, epithelium 
tne cells of which exhibit a peculiar rodslike stri- 
ation, as of certain renal cells. R.sflbres, the at¬ 
tenuated, fibreslike bodies of the rod visual cells 
which unite the nuclei of the latter, within the 
outer nuclear layer of the retina, with the retinal 
rods. R.sgranules, the nuclei of rod visual cells 
in the outer nuclear layer of the retina which are 
connected with the rods. R.ssegments, the two 
segments making up one of the rods of the reti¬ 
na. The outer r.fsegment is the portion present¬ 
ing a uniform diameter, while the inner r.^seg¬ 
ment has a slightly increased diameter. R.s 
shaped nucleus, the narrow, cylindrical nucleus 
characteristic of a spindle musclescell. R.swax, 
crude petroleum which collects in a semisolid 
form around oiLwells: said to be useful in 
chronic bronchitis and incipient phthisis, 
rod'a-gen. A mixture of milk-sugar and the des¬ 
iccated milk of a goat from which the thyroid 
gland has been removed: used in the treatment 
of Graves’s disease with alleged success, 
ro'dent cancer or ulcer. An ulcerating carcinoma, 
of slow course, usually affecting the upper part 
of the face, and destroying the invaded tissues, 
rod'i-nal. A photographic developer. 
ro-do-naLgia phalanx. Finger erythromelalgia. 
nj.A.M.A. j. ’06.] 

Rodrigues’s aneurism (ro-drigz'). A varicose 
aneurism the sac of which is developed in the 
tissue contiguous to the artery. 

Roederer’s obliquity (ro'df-rerz). Extreme flexion 
of the fetal head upon its body. 

Rdntgen rays (ront'gen). Electromagnetic waves 
of the same nature as ordinary light waves but 
irregularly long and short instead of being in con¬ 
tinuous trains of uniform length as are ordinary 
light or heat rays. They are accordingly not 
damped, as in the case of ordinary light-waves, 
by setting up synchronous vibrations of matter 
which they strike, but pass through it with com¬ 
paratively little difficulty, being stopped only by 
certain dense substances such as bone, mineral 
matter, etc. They are generated by passing a high 
tension electric current from an induction coil, a 
static machine, or even a battery of thousands 
of cells, through a highly exhausted vacuum- 
tube {Crookes, Geissler, or Hittorf tube), produc¬ 
ing a molecular bombardment of the anticathode 
(target) from the cathode and causing the former 
to emit rays which have the property of rendering 
certain substances fluorescent {t^ fluoroscope) ; 
of penetrating certain normally opaque sub¬ 
stances, as living tissues (t^ rontgenoscopy) ; 
and of affecting the ordinary photographic plate 
(ta?- rontgenogram). These rays have been ex¬ 
tensively used in medicine {&• rontgenothir- 


rOntgenism 


835 


ROMBERGsiHOWSHIP’S SYMPTOM 


apy). They were accidentally discovered in 
1895 by Prof. W. C. Rontgen (1845- ), of Wiirz- 

burg, and by him termed Xsprays. They have 
also erroneously been called Cathode or Cathodic 
rays because they were held at first to be iden¬ 
tical with these, which are produced under a les¬ 
ser degree of vacuum in the tube. R. ray burn 
or dermatitis, inflammation of the skin due to 
exposure to Rontgen rays, marked in severe cases 
by leathery sloughs and ulceration. Chronic and 
acute forms exist and both resist all treatment. 
R. ray dosage, the quantity and quality of the 
rays during each exposure. R. ray sterility, ste¬ 
rility due to exposure to Rontgen rays. R. ray 
therapy = rontgenotherapy. 
ront'gen-ism. The condition marked by the ill 
effects resulting from Rontgen ray treatment, 
ront-gen-i-za'tion. Treatment with or placing 
under the influence of Rontgen rays. front'- 
gen-ize. 

ront'gen-o-gram. A picture made by the action of 
the Rontgen rays on an ordinary photographic 
plate after penetrating to parts which cannot be 
reached by rays of light and showing the outline 
as of bones, joints, embedded pieces of metal, 
bullets, etc.; very valuable as an aid in surgery 
and diagnosis. The different forms and stages of 
a rontgenogram are known as a ronigennegative, 
rontgenpositive, and rdntgendiapositive. For syn¬ 
onyms compare those of rdntgenography. 
rdnt-gen-og'ra-phy. The process or art of making 
RONTGENOGRAMS. It has been variously known 
as Actinography, Diagraphy, Electrography, Elec- 
tro=skiagraphy, Fluorography, Ixography, Kathog- 
raphy, New photography, Pyknoskopy, Radiogra¬ 
phy, Rontography, Shadowgraphy, Skiagraphy, 
Skiagraphy, and Skotography. tront'gen-o-graph. 
ront-gen-og'ra-pher. rdnt-gen-o-graph'ic. ront- 
gen-ol'o-gist. 

ront-gen-ol'o-gy. That branch of science which 
deals with Rontgen rays, 
ront-gen-om'e-ter. = Skiameter. 
rdnt-gen-os'co-py. Transillumination with Ront¬ 
gen rays for the purpose of examining the deep* 
lying parts of the body, skiascopy; cryptoscopy. 
^ Fluoroscope. 

rbnt-gen-o-ther'a-py. Therapeutic employment of 
Rontgen rays: used with varying results in skin 
diseases, as lupus, acne, eczema, pruritus, pso¬ 
riasis, leprosy, etc.; against malignant growths, as 
carcinoma, epithelioma, etc.; and in trachoma, 
keloid, exophthalmic goitre, epilepsy, etc. 
rbnt'o-graph. = Rontgenogram. 
r6n-tog'ra-phy. = Rontgenography. 

Rotheln (ro'tdn). = Rubella. 

Rog'er’s disease. The symptoms produced by an 
intraventricular opening in the heart. R.’s symp¬ 
tom, a subnormal temperature in late tubercu¬ 
lous meningitis. 

ro'han, ro'hun. An East Indian tree, Soymi'da 
febrif'uga: its bark is tonic and astringent. 
Rokitansky’s disease (roc-t-tan'sciz). Acute yellow 
atrophy of the liver. R.’s osteophytes, irregular 
deposits of phosphates and salts of lime in the 
cranial and pelvic bones of pregnant women: 
analogous to “ plaques choriales ” of sheep. They 
probably contribute to the development of the 
fetal skeleton. R.’s pelvis = spondylolisthetic 
PELVIS. R.’s theory, the theory that inflamma¬ 
tion is principally due to stasis, which gives rise 
to exudation, and that the process is one of ab¬ 
normal nutrition. R.’s tumor, multicystic tumor 


of the ovary. [< Karl Rokitansky, Bohemian pa¬ 
thologist teaching in Vienna, 1804-1878.] 
ro-lan-dom'e-ter. 'An apparatus for determining 
the situation of the various fissures of the brain. 
Rolando’s (rolandic) angle (ro-lan'doz, ro-lan'dtc). 
The angle between the mesial plane and the fis¬ 
sure of Rolando at their junction: it averages 
about 70°, varying between 64° and 75°. R. 
arciform fibres, white fibres extending around the 
lower edge of the olivary body and around the 
sides of the medulla. R. area, the excitomotor 
area of the brain, being the ascending frontal and 
ascending parietal convolutions. R. column, an 
eminence on the lateral edge of the medulla ob¬ 
longata. R. convolution, either of two convolu¬ 
tions, an anterior, which is the precentral convo¬ 
lution, and a posterior, which is the postcentral 
convolution. R. fissure, the central sulcus of the 
brain; sulcus centralis [Rolandi]^. It occurs be¬ 
tween the ascending frontal and ascending parie¬ 
tal convolutions, and corresponds pretty nearly 
with the line of union between the parietal and 
frontal bones. R. funiculus, a prominence which 
passes up to form the tubercle of Rolando; lateral 
cuneate funiculus. R. gray tubercle = gray 
TUBERCLE OF RoLANDO. R. line, a line on the 
surface of the head connecting the Rolandic 
points, and marking the position of the fissure of 
Rolando beneath. R. points, points marking the 
upper and lower extremities of the fissure of 
Rolando. The superior lies i Cm. (f in.) behind 
the centre of the median line drawn from the 
nasion to the inion; the inferior lies 5.5 Cm. (2^ 
ins.) above the upper border of the zygomatic 
arch, on or slightly in front of a vertical line 
drawn through the pre*auricular point. R. sub¬ 
stantia gelatinosa, substantia gelatinosa. 
R. tubercle, one of the rounded masses under the 
surface of the lateral columns of the medulla 
oblongata, formed by the accumulation of the 
substantia gelatinosa of Rolando. [< L. Rolando, 
Italian anatomist, 1773-1831.] 
rol-finked'. Dissected, m- Burking. 
roll. Something which is rolled up, as a RolU or 
roller-bandage, a long band of linen, calico, or 
flannel, wound up from one or both ends, or 
which assumes a cylindrical form, as a Roll of 
sulphur, m- Corti’s rolls. R.=cuiture, a culture 
prepared by heating the medium employed, in¬ 
oculating it, and then by a twirling motion, 
preferably on ice, causing it to solidify on the 
sides of the tube: used like a Petri’s dish. 
Roller’s central nucleus (rol'^rz). A nucleus in the 
medulla oblongata near the raphe and between 
the lemniscus and the posterior longitudinal 
fasciculus. 

Rolle’s plane {roVez). A plane passing through the 
alveolar point and both auricular points. 

Rollet’s delomorphous cells (ro-yez'). =Delo- 
MORPHOUs CELLS. R.’s stroma, the stroma sup¬ 
porting the haemoglobin in the erythrocytes. 
Ro'man fever. A general term applied to various 
forms of fever contracted in Rome, but which 
should be limited to malaria. R. vitriol. = 

CUPRI SULPHAS*. 

ro-man'o-scope. A form of speculum used in ex¬ 
amining the sigmoid flexure. [T] J. A. M. A. ’06.] 
Romanow'sky’s stain (ro-ma-nof'sciz). Eosin- 

ATE OF methylene BLUE. 

Rom'bergsHow'ship’s symptom. Lancinating pains 
in the leg in incaicerated obturator hernia. [1[ 
Gl. ’09.J 


ROMBERG’S DISEASE 


836 


ROSEOLA 


Romberg’s disease (rom'b^rgz). =R.’s tropho¬ 
neurosis. R.’s masticatory spasm = trismus. 
R.’s sign or symptom, unsteadiness of movement 
in the dark, or inability to stand steadily with 
the eyes shut and the feet close together; Brach* 
Romberg symptom: a symptom often exhibited 
by patients suffering with locomotor ataxia. 
R.’s trophoneurosis or neurosis, unilateral atrophy 
of the face. [< M. H. Romberg, a German physi¬ 
cian, 1795-1873.] 

Romershausen’s eyeswash (ro-merz-hau'zenz). A 
mixture of fennel water and tincture of fennel; 
used as a wash in chronic ophthalmic catarrh. 
Rom'melaere’s law. In the cancerous diathesis 
there is a falling off of phosphates, sodium 
chloride, and nitrogen in the urine. Dn. ’03.] 
rongeur (roh-zh^r'). A gouge forceps. [F.j 
Rontgen. See as if spelled Roentgen. 
roob. = Rob. 

roof. The overlying stratum; vault; arch; cover¬ 
ing; tegmen, as R. of the mouth ( = palate), R. 
of the nose, R. of the orbit, etc. Coverscells ; 
NUCLEUS FASTIGII*; TEGMENTAL NUCLEUS. R. of 
fourth ventricle, the brain tissues overlying the 
fourth ventricle; tegmen ventriculi quarti*. 
root. The origin or basis of anything; radix, is- 
Dendron; nucleus. R. arteries, is-radicular 
VESSELS. R.sfilling, a filling for the pulp*cavity 
of a tooth. R. of a hair = radix pili*. R. of a 
nail, the posterior portion of the nail concealed 
within a groove of the skin; radix unguis*. R. 
of the lung, the connecting stalk of the lung, con¬ 
taining the bronchial tube, the pulmonary and 
bronchial blood=vessels, the nerves, and the lym¬ 
phatics, united by connective tissue and invested 
by pleura; radix pulmonis*. R. of the mesentery, 
the portion of the mesentery which is united to 
the posterior wall of the body; radix mesenterii*. 
R.ssheath, inner, the layer of a hair^root just ex¬ 
ternal to its cuticle. R.ssheath, outer, the layer 
of a hair^follicle internal to the glassy membrane 
and continuous with the stratum Malpighii of the 
skin. R.sstock, a rhizome or corm. R.ssymp- 
toms, derangement of the functions of the nerve* 
roots at a level with the site of the disease in 
compression of the spinal cord. (Gowers.) Simi¬ 
lar derangements of the functions of the cord it¬ 
self are termed cord^symptoms. R. of the tongue, 
the posterior portion of the tongue; dorsum lin¬ 
guae*. R. of a tooth, the portion of a tooth con¬ 
tained in an alveolus; radix dentis*. R.strimmer, 
a dentist’s instrument for shaping the roots of 
natural teeth in crown* and bridge*work. R.s 
zone, that part of the column of Burdach through 
which the posterior root*fibres bend, 
root'let. A little root; dendrite. 
ro-rif'e-rous duct. = Thoracic duct. 

Ro'sa. The rose, a genus of rosaceous plants con¬ 
taining many species and having flowers which 
are of all colors except blue. R. centifo'lia, “ hun- 
dred*leaved rose,” pale rose, or cabbage*rose, the 
1890 U. S. P. title of the petals of R. centifo'lia. 
R. gal'lica*, the dried petals of R. gaVlica (red 
rose), collected before expanding: slightly astrin¬ 
gent and tonic. e^Aqua ros.e*; aqua ros^ 
FORTIOR*; CONFECTIO ROSAS*; FLUIDEXTRACTUM 
ROS^*; MEL ROSAS*. 

ro-sa'cea. i. =Acne rosacea. 2. A name for 
various diseases, as R. erythemato'sa, R. hyper- 
troph'ica, and R. papulo'sa et pustulo'sa. 
ro-sa'cic acid. A red pigment said to occur in the 
urine of patients suffering with gout, etc. 


ro-sag'i-nin. A poisonous compound from the bark 
of Ne'rium antidysenter'ica. 
ro-sa'li a. = Scarlatina. 

ro-san'i-line. A base CjoHjiNgO, occurring as 
brownish*red crystals; triaminodiphenyltolylcar- 
binol. From it many coal*tar dyes, such as 
FUCHSiN and R. violet, are prepared. The ace¬ 
tate, hydrochloride (i^- fuchsin), picrate, and 
nitrate are the chief salts employed, 
ro'sa-ry, rachitic. = Rachitic rosary. 
ro-sau'rin. = Rosolic acid. 

rose. I. =Rosa. 2. = Erysipelas. R. Bengal, 
alkali salt of tetra*iododichlorofluorescein. R. 
Bengal B., the potassium salt of the former: a 
reddish dye. R. catarrh, cold, or fever, hay 
fever appearing at the time of rose*blooming. R. 
naphtylamine = magdala. R. rash = roseola. 
R. sickness = PELLAGRA. R. vinegar, vinegar in 
which rose*leaves have been steeped. R. water 
= AQUA ROSAj*. [< L. ro'sa, Gr. podov.] 
ro'sein. =Fuchsin. 
ro-sel'la. = Rubella. 
ro-sel-li'na. = Roseola. 
rose'ma-ry. Rosmari'nus officina'lis. 

Rosenbach’sdisease (ro'zfn-bacHs). =Heberden’s 
NODES. R.’s micrococcus = Micrococcus fceti- 
Dus. R.’s sign. I. Loss of abdominal reflex in 
acute intestinal inflammation. 2. A trembling 
of the upper eyelid when the patient closes the 
eyes gently as though in sleep: seen in Graves’s 
disease in neurasthenia, and, also, in health. R.’s 
test. The play of colors produced by bile*pig- 
ments when nitric acid is dropped on a filter 
paper containing urinary sediment. 

Rosenberg’s heemometer (ro'zffi-b^rgz). An instru¬ 
ment for measuring the specific gravity of the 
blood. 

Rosenheim’s sign (ro'zm-haimz). A friction mur¬ 
mur heard in fibrous pericarditis. 

Rosenmiiller’s body or organ (ro'z^n-mul-lerz). = 
Parovarium. R.’s cavity or fossa = pharyngeal 
RECESS. R.’s fold, a semilunar fold of mucous 
membrane in the lachrymal sac. R.’s gland. i . 
The fore part of the lachrymal gland, separated 
by a fibrous partition from the rest of the gland; 
accessory gland of Rosenmuller. 2. The 
lymphatic gland of the femoral ring. R.’s valve, 
a fold in the wall of the lachrymal duct. [< J. C. 
Rosenmuller, German anatomist, 1771-1820.] 
Rosen’s liniment (ro'z^nz). Liniment made of oil 
of cloves, oil of nutmeg, and spirit of juniper. 
Rosenthal’s canal (ro'z^n-talz). The spiral canal of 
the modiolus. R.’s hyperacid vomiting, hyper- 
chlorhydria. R.’s test, a test for incipient ver¬ 
tebral disease, made by placing one pole of a 
faradic battery against R.’s vein, the basilar vein. 
[<F. C. Rosenthal, German anatomist, 1779-1829.J 
roseola (ro zi'o-la). i. A non*contagious, rose* 
colored rash, occurring either by itself or in con¬ 
nection with some other disease or following the 
administration of some medicine, as iodine {Iodic 
r.). ^Erythema. 2. Rubella. R. choler'- 
ica, a rash sometimes seen in cholera. R. circina'- 
ta = PITYRIASIS ROSEA. Epidemic r.= rubella. 
R. febri'lis, non*pathognomonic erythema of sim¬ 
ple fevers, malaria, etc. R. infanti'lis, a variety 
of erythema roseola occurring in young children. 
R. puncta'ta, rose rash of punctated appear- - 
ance. R. syphilit'ica, reddish or yellowish, round¬ 
ish, indistinct spots usually observed on the 
trunk and flexor aspects of the limbs, and the 
earliest cutaneous sign of secondary syphilis; 


ROSEOLES A VERRE BLEU 


ROUGE 




syphilitic exanthem ; erythematous syphilidc; 
macular syphilide. R. typho'sa, the rash of 
typhoid fever. R. vaccin'a, an erythematous 
eruption sometimes occurring after vaccination. 
R. variolo'sa, light red spots occurring first on the 
face in the early stage of variola, fro-se'c-lar. 
ros4oles a verre bleu. The early rash of syphilis, 
smallpox, etc., first seen through blue glasses: 
photography also brings out such rashes. [F. 

G. ’04.] 

RosersBraun’s sign (ro-ze-braunz). Absence of pul¬ 
sations in the dura mater in cerebral abscesses and 
tumors. 

RosersN^laton line (ro-ze'ne-la-tofi). =Nelaton’s 

LINE. 

Roser’s line (ro-zez). =Nelaton’s line. R.’s 
method, placing a patient with the head depen¬ 
dent, in operations on air=passages, to prevent 
entrance of blood, etc., into the trachea. R.’s 
position, the position of the head in Roser’s 
method. R.’s theory, the theory that inflamma¬ 
tion is the result of microbic infection. 

Rose’s belt (roz'ez). A supporting plaster=ofsparis 
bandage to the abdomen in enteritis. [*[] A.M. 
’05.] R.’s operation, removal of the gasserian 
ganglion for the relief of facial neuralgia. R.’s 
position, the position with the head hanging over 
the edge of the table, as in nose or throat opera¬ 
tions. Gn. ’08.] R.’s retractor, an instrument 
consisting of a piece of steel wire bent in the form 
of a pair of spring hooks, for holding open a 
tracheotomy wound. 

rosette (ro-z«-t). i. A spirem. Karyokinesis. 

2. =Sporocyst, def. 3. 
roseworm. A moth=larva which feeds on roses, 
rosin. = Resin, def. 2. R. oil, a violetsblue oily 
liquid obtained by the dry distillation of colo¬ 
phony resin. R. soap, common yellow soap, 
made by adding rosin and palm oil to the tallow, 
ros'i-nol. Retinol. 

Rosmari'nus ofldcinaTis or horten'sis. Common 
rosemary, a species of rosmarineous plants hav¬ 
ing slight stimulant properties, 
ros'o-lene. = Rosin oil. 

ro-sol'ic acid (ro-zol'fc). An acid, CjoHjjPg, related 
to rosaniline: used as a histological dye, and as 
a test for acids, with which it gives a yellow 
color; rosaurin. 

Rossbach’s disease (ros'bacns). = Hyperchlorhy- 

DRIA. 

Ros'sel’s test. An aloin test for occult blood in the 
faeces. [T| A. j. k. M. ’03.] 

ros-tel'lum. A small beak or hookslike process. 

[L. dim. of ros'trum beak.] fros-tel'li-form. 
ros'trum. A beak=like process or appendage. R. 
cor'poris callo'si*, “ beak of the corpus callosum,” 
the tapering portion of the corpus callosum at 
the forward and lower end of that body. R. 
sphenoida'le, beak of the sphenoid bone, or the 
process articulating with the vomer. [L.] fros'- 
tri-form = coracoid, def. I. ros'tral; ros-traTis. 
ros'trate, beaked, as R. pelvts, a pelvis in which 
the acetabula are pushed in toward the pelvic 
canal and the pubic bones are pushed together so 
as to form a beakslike protrusion; beaked pelvis; 
triradiate pelvis: often the result of osteomalacia, 
ro'sysdrop. =Acne rosacea. 

rot. Wasting disease of man and other animals, 
especially sheep, caused by Disio'ma hepat'icum; 
also a disease of fruits or vegetables, as the Black 
r. of grapes, the Brown r. of eggsplants, the 
White r. of carrots, etc. Dry r. ; grinders’ r. 


ro'ta-cism. Rhotacism. 
ro'ta-ry. = Rotatory. 

ro-ta'tion. i. The act of turning around; the 
motion of any solid body about an axis (axis of 
r.). 2. One of the manipulations of the limbs in 

the Swedish movement cure. 3. The twisting of 
a tooth into its normal position. R. joint, a lat¬ 
eral ginglymus. R. of protoplasm, c^cyclosis. 
Specific r., the angle through which a substance 
rotates the plane of polarization. R. stage of 
labor, that point or stage of labor at which the 
presenting portion of the foetus rotates or turns 
around. [< L. rota'iio, fr. rota're to turn around.] 
ro-ta'tor, pi. -to'res. A muscle which causes a rota¬ 
tion of a part. Rotatores dor'si = R. spin^. 
Rotatores fem'oris, the muscles that rotate the 
femur outward: they are the quadratus, the pyri- 
formis, the obturator externus, the obturator in- 
ternus, and the two gemelli. R. hu'meri, an 
occasional muscle, a part of the coracobrachialis, 
arising from the under and outer border of the 
coracoid process of the scapula and passing across 
the tendon of the subscapularis to be inserted 
into the neck of the humeinis. Rotatores oc'uli, 
the muscles that rotate the eyeball; the oblique 
muscles of the eye. Rotatores spi'nae, eleven 
small muscles on each side of the dorsal vertebrae 
passing obliquely from the transverse process of 
a vertebra to the lamina of the next vertebra 
above; rotispinales; Mm. rotatores*. [L.] 
ro-ta'to-ry. Pertaining to or denoting rotation. R. 
chorea, hysterical chorea marked by rhythmical 
movements of the head or body. R. diarthrosis 
or joint = CYCLARTHROSis. R. epilepsy, the pre¬ 
ceding of an epileptic attack by turning or Der- 
vishslike movements of the patient. R. nystag¬ 
mus, rolling of the eyeball around its visual axis. 
R. polarization, the change of the plane to the 
right or the left which a ray of polarized light 
undergoes when passed through certain sub¬ 
stances, as sugar, quartz, etc. R. spasm, a twist¬ 
ing or turning spasm seen sometimes in hysteria. 
R. wrycneck, e^wrysneck. 

Rotch’s sign. Dulness in the right fifth interspace 
in pericardial effusions. 

Roth’s disease. =Meralgia paraesthetica. [H 6^w. 
’ 08 .] R.’s spots, the presence in septic retinitis of 
white spots resembling those seen in albuminuria. 
RothsBern'hardt’s disease. =Meralgia paraEs- 
THETICA. Gt. ’ 09 .] 

Rotif'era. A genus of salt* and freshswater animal¬ 
cules, of which R. vulga'ris and Brachio'nus ru'- 
hens are welRknown species; wheebanimalcules: 
the movement of the cilia suggests a rapidly 
moving wheel. 

ro-ti-spi-na'les. = Rotatores spiNaE. 
ro'to-in. A product of Scopo'lia japon'ica. 
rot'ten blood. =SapraEmia. R. stone, a soft and 
earthy stone used for making poultices, 
rot'te-rin. A proprietary antiseptic containing zinc 
chloride and sulphocarbolate, salicylic acid, etc. 
Rottle'ra. =Kamala. trot'tler-in = kamalin. 
rot'u-la. . I. The patella; the olecranon; the inner 
articular process of the humerus. 2. A troche; 
a lozenge. [ Dim. of L. ro'ta wheel.] frot'u-lad. 
rot'u-lar; rot'u-len; ro-tu'li an. 
ro-tund'foramen. = Fenestra rotunda. 
rouge (ruzh). i. A powder used to color the skin 
or nails artificially: eosin is sometimes used, but 
also poisonous substances which by absorption 
may cause toxic symptoms. 2. Red ferric oxide. 
R. card, sodium carthamate from safflower. 


ROUGE’S OPERATION 


838 


RUBELLA 


Rouge’s operation (ruzh'tz). An operation in which 
the upper lip and the lower end of the nose are 
cut loose from the upper jaw in order to expose 
the nares for the removal of dead bone or morbid 
growth. 

rouget (ru-zhe). i. An infectious disease of swine, 
occurring in France and Germany, and character¬ 
ized by a peculiar redness of the skin; Roman 
soldier, red soldier, and hog erysipelas. 2. An 
inflammation of the skin caused by Leptus 
AUTUMNALis. [< F. ruge red.] 

Rouget’s bacillus (rfi-zhez). = Bacillus rhusio- 

PATHI^. R.’s bulb = BULB OF THE OVARY. R.’s 
muscle, the circular portion of the ciliary muscle. 

rough line. =Linea aspera*. R. respiration = 

BRONCHOVESICULAR RESPIRATION. 

rough=on=rats. An arsenical preparation containing 
barium chloride for poisoning rats; often em¬ 
ployed for suicidal and homicidal purposes. 

RougnonsHeb'erden’s disease (run-yoh). Angina 
pectoris. Gt. ’09.] 

rouleau, pi. -aux (ru- 16 ). The arrangement of the 
erythrocytes in the form of cylindrical rolls like 
piles of coins. [F., “ a roll.”] 

round. Circular; orbicular; terete; globose. R.= 
celled polypus = CELLULAR polypus. R.scelled 
sarcoma = MEDULLARY CANCER. R. foramen, a 
foramen in the sphenoid bone transmitting the 
superior maxillary branch of the fifth nerve; for¬ 
amen roiundum* . R. ligament, i. (Of ihe femur.) 
= Ligamentum teres, def. 2. 2. (Of the fore¬ 

arm.) A cord extending between the coronoid 
process of the ulna and a point below the 
tuberosity of the radius. ,3. (Of the liver.) The 
relics in the free margin of the broad ligament of 
the umbilical vein; ligamentum teres hepatis*. 4. 
(Of the uterus.) A rounded cord arising from the 
anterior lateral surface of the uterus, which 
passes down through the inguinal canal into the 
labium majus; ligamentum teres uteri*. R. liga¬ 
ment, posterior, muscular fibres which follow the 
ovarian vessels from the pelvic fascia and spread 
out on the posterior surface of the broad liga¬ 
ment of the uterus. R. pelvis, a pelvis in which 
the inlet is almost or quite round in outline. R. 
pronator muscle = pronator radii teres. R. 
protuberance or swelling = torus. R. ulcer of 
the stomach = GASTRIC ulcer. R. ulcer of the 
uterus, a rapid epitheliomatous ulceration of the 
uterus. R. window = fenestra rotunda. R. 
worm = Ascaris lumbricoides. {< h. rotun'- 
dus, round.] 

roun'del. The button removed in trephining. 

round'ing. The practice of certain patients (roun'- 
ders) of going the rounds of free dispensaries. 

roup (rup). An infectious disease of poultry, 
probably diphtheritic, characterized by cough, 
fetid discharge from the nose and eyes, and 
cankers in the mouth and throat; more loosely, 
almost any infectious or epidemic disease of 
poultry. 

Rousselot’s caustic (ru-se?- 16 z). A caustic made of 
red mercuric sulphide, arsenious acid, and burnt 
sponge. 

Roussel’s method (rfi-sdz). Treatment of pulmo¬ 
nary tuberculosis by hypodermic injections of 
turpentine, terebene, eucalyptol, and other vola¬ 
tile antiseptics excreted by the lungs. R.’s se¬ 
rum, sodium phosphate, 50 Gm.; water, 1000 Cc. 
R.’s sign, the sharp pain felt in incipient tuber¬ 
culosis on slight percussion in the subclavicular 
region. 


rou-tin'ist. A physician who in his practice follows 
an unvarying routine, without taking into con¬ 
sideration the varieties of the disease or the 
peculiarities of his patient’s constitution. 

Roux’s operation (rfiz). Amputation of the foot 
with removal of the articular ends of the tibia 
and fibula, with a flap from the inner and under 
side of the heel. R.’s serum, a variety of anti- 
diphtheritic serum. R.’s sign, the resemblance 
to a wet pasteboard tube of the empty caecum 
when palpated in suppurative appendicitis. 
Rovi'das’s hyaline substance. A nucleoproteid 
forming a large portion of the constituents of 
pus^cells: insoluble in water and soluble in 
alkalies. 

Rovi'ghi’s sign. Hydatid fremitus. 

Rov'sing’s symptom. [TI I. M. ’08.] 

Row’s test. A test of the bactericidal activity of 
plague serum to determine its efficiency for pro¬ 
phylaxis. Gn. ’08.] 

roy'al fern. = Buckhorn. R. stitch, R. suture, 

an old operation for the cure of bubonocele. It 
consisted in putting a ligature under the neck of 
the hernial sac, close to the abdominal ring, and 
then tying that part of the sac so as to render 
it impervious from adhesive inflammation. R. 
touch, the laying on of the hands of a king, once 
believed to cure scrofula, or king’s evil, 

R.S.A., R.S.P., etc. R. 

Ru. The symbol of the element ruthenium. 
rub'ber. i. =Elastica*; caoutchouc; gum elastic; 
india=rubber. Vulcanized r., rubber heated with 
10% of sulphur: used in making trusses, etc. R, 
dam, a thin sheet of flexible india-rubber; coffer 
dam: used by dentists to keep the saliva from a 
tooth which is being filled, and by surgeons with 
a glass drainage=tube after abdominal section or^ 
in the form of adhesive rubber dam applied to 
the cleansed skin, the incision being made directly 
through both and thus preventing infection. 
(Murphy.) R. gloves, protective gloves of various 
colors and thickness are used by surgeons in 
operations and by those handling dead bodies, as 
undertakers and pathologists. R. mould, a mould 
of india-rubber in which the plates for artificial 
teeth are formed. R. pelvis = malacosteon 
PELVIS. R. plaster, rubber, sometimes mixed 
with medicinal and other matters, spread in a 
thin layer upon leather, muslin, etc. Emplas- 
TRUM. R. tissue, thin sheets of gutta-percha 
used for water-proof coverings or dressings. 2. 
A MASSEUR or MASSEUSE. 3. An instrument to 
practise massage with. 4. A cushion of an elec¬ 
trical machine. 

rub'bers. A disease of sheep attended with fever 
and itching; sheep scabies, 
rub'bing. A stroking manipulation in massage. R. 

sound = FRICTION MURMUR, 
ru-be'do. Any redness of the skin, as blushing, 
ru-be-fa'ci ent. i. Causing redness of the skin. 2. 

The substance itself, tru-be-fac'tion. 
ru-bel'la. A specific, contagious, eruptive fever, 
whose etiology is unknown, a dusky red rash 
usually appearing on the first day of illness after 
an incubation period of two weeks or longer; 
bastard, false, hybrid, spurious, French, or German 
measles; Rotheln; R. notha; epidemic roseola; 
hybrid scarlet fever; R. germanica; R. gallica. 
It begins on the face in rose-red spots and a 
macular, rose-red eruption on the throat, extend¬ 
ing the next day to the chest and remainder of 
the body and limbs, subsiding with slight fever 


RUBEOLA 


839 


RUMEX 


on the third day, usually terminating favorably, 
and not preceded by catarrh or followed by 
desquamation. One attack usually produces 
immunity, but is no protection against either 
MEASLES or SCARLATINA. FOURTH DISEASE', 

ERYTHEMA iNFECTiosuM. R. con'flucns, scarlet 
fever. R. morbillo'sa, a form intermediate be¬ 
tween measles and Rotheln. R. no'tha, a form of 
rubella in which the eruption is more markedly 
papular and the constitutional symptoms are more 
pronounced. R. rheumat'ica, a reddish eruption 
sometimes accompanying rheumatism. R. scar- 
latino'sa, a variety resembling both measles and 
scarlet fever. [L., fr. rube're to blush.] tm-bel'- 
lar. R. variolo'sa, an eruption usually limited 
to the lower part of the abdomen and inner por¬ 
tions of the thighs, and sometimes a prodrome of 
smallpox. R. vulga'ris, measles, 
ru-be'o-la. i.=Rubella. 2. = Measles, fru- 
be'o-lar. ru-be'o-line, the specific contagium of 
measles, ru-be'o-loid. 

rubber. = Red. [L.] fru-bes'cent. ru'bi-cund, 

tending toward redness, as of a face. 

Ru'bia tincto'rum. Dyers’ madder, a species of 
rubiaceous plants, the root of which contains ru- 
ber-yth'ric acid, a yellow, crystalling substance, 
C 26 H 280 j 4 '. ru'bi-a-cin, a yellow, crystalline sub¬ 
stance, C32H220,g; and ru'bian, a hard, amor¬ 
phous compound, €2811340,5, etc. It possesses 
diuretic, tonic, and emmenagogic properties. 
Dose of aqueous extract, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). 
ru'bi-a-nit. =Fuchsin. 

ru'bi-dine. i. A colorless, oily compound, CjjHj^N, 
contained in coabtar. 2. A red, crystalline sub¬ 
stance forming the coloring=matter of melons, 
ru-bid'i um. A rare metallic element resembling 
potassium in physical and medicinal properties: 
at. wt., 84.8; symb., Rb. The chief salts are 
the acetate, ammonium bromide, bromide, chlo¬ 
rate, chloride, iodide, nitrate, sulphate, and tar¬ 
trate. Arterial tension is increased by their use. 
[ L. fr. ru'bidus red, because its spectrum is dis¬ 
tinguished by two red lines.] 
ru'bi-gin. An ochrescolored iron derivative of 
haemoglobin discovered by Auscher and Lapicque: 
found in bronzed diabetes, hepatic cirrhosis, etc. 
ru-bi'go. Rust. [L.] fru-big'i-nous,-nose, rusty; 

brownishsred, as sputum in pneumonia, 
ru-bi-jer'vine. An alkaloid, C26H43NO2, found in 
Veratrum album. 

ru'bin, ruby. =Fuchsin. Rubin S, ruby S, acid 

FUCHSIN. 

ru'bi-nat water. A natural bitter water of Spain. 
Rubini’s tincture of camphor (ru-bi'niz). A satu¬ 
rated alcoholic solution of camphor, 
ru-bi'nus verus. = Anthrax. 

Rub'ner’s laws, (a) The rapidity of growth is pro¬ 
portional to the intensity of the metabolic proc¬ 
esses. (b) With the exception of man the same 
fractional part of the entire food energy is taken 
up in growth; in animals this is 34%: in man, 
5%. (Howell.) R.’s test for glucose, after adding 
an excess of leadacetate, filter and add to filtrate 
ammonium hydrate until no further precipitate 
is produced. This precipitate will gradually be¬ 
come pink on gently warming, 
ru'bor. Redness caused by hyperaemia: one of the 
cardinal symptoms of inflammation, 
ru-bres'cin. An indicator composed of resorcin 
and chloral hydrate: used like litmus. 
ru-bres'e-rine. A derivative of physostigmine. 
ru'bric. ^ Purity rubric. 


ru'brin. — H.ematin. 
ru'bu-la. =Frambcesia. 

Ru'bus*. I. A genus of rosaceous plants, of which 
the R. canaden'sis, the dewberry or low black¬ 
berry; R. idee'us, the systemic name of the rasp¬ 
berry plant (the fruit of which was official in 
1890 U. S. P.); R. strigo'sus, wild red raspberry; 
and R. villo'sus, common or high blackberry, are 
welbknown examples. 2. The U. S. P. title of the 
dried bark of the rhizome of R. villo'sus, R. nigro- 
bae'eus, or R. cuneifo'lius. It is tonic and astrin¬ 
gent and largely used in bowel affections. Dose, 
I Gm. (15 grs.). 

ruc-ta'ti o, ruc'tus. = Eructation. [<. kpevjeGOai 
to belch.] 

rud'dle. A variety of red chalk. 

. rud'dy. Reddish, as R. complexion, the color of 
the skin in perfect health, 
rude respiration. = Bronchovesicular respira¬ 
tion. 

ru'di-ment. i. A first principle in science. 2. An 
organ that is imperfectly developed. [< L. fr. 
ru'dis raw, inexperienced.] fru-di-men'ta-ry or 
ru-di-men'tal, as R. organ, an organ arrested be¬ 
fore reaching full development, 
rue. = Ruta graveolens. 

RueFlia. A genus of acanthaceous herbaceous 
plants, some species of which have unimportant 
medical uses. 

Ruf-fi'ni’s endsorgans or corpuscles. Small bodies 
made up of a connective*tissue frameswork and 
the terminal arborizations of a nerve: found in 
the skin side by side with the pacinian corpuscles, 
ru-fi-gal'lic acid. A reddish=brown, crystalline sub¬ 
stance, Cj4Hg08, formed by heating gallic or digal¬ 
lic acid with sulphuric acid; para*ellagic acid; 

EXODIN. 

ru'fin. A red, resinous substance, C2,H2oOg, formed 
by heating phloridzin; caramel of phloridzin. 
ru-fi-o'pin. A derivative of opianic acid. 

Rufus’s pills (ru-fus-fz). = Pilule aloes et 

MYRRH^E*. 

ru'ga, pi. ru'gce. A wrinkle or small ridge. Rugae 
of the stomach, wrinkles which appear on the 
surface of the mucous membrane of the stomach 
when the muscular coat contracts, as in an empty 
stomach. Rugae of the vagina, small transverse 
folds of the muefous membrane of the vagina ex¬ 
tending outward from the columns; rugee vagi- 
nales*. Rugae of the vault of the mouth, the 
lateral ridges or folds in the anterior part of the 
palate. i^Raph^ palati. [L.] fru-gose. ru- 
gos'i-ty. ru'gous. 
rugine (ru'jm). A raspatory. [F.] 

Ruh'e-mann’s uricometer. Uricometer. 
Ruhmkorff’s coil (rum'corfs). An induction coil. 
rum. A distilled liquor made from fermented 
molasses or some of the products of sugarsmaking. 
Bay r. = spiRiTUS myrci^e. R.sblossom or sbud. 
I. = Acne rosacea. 2. Any pimple on the nose 
caused by drinking. 

ru'ma. i. A teat or breast. 2. The cud of rumi¬ 
nants. 

rum'bling. = Borborygmus. 

ru'men. The paunch, or first stomach, of ruminant 
animals. [L. gullet.] fru-nie-not'o-my, opening 
of the paunch, as sometimes for impaction. 
Ru'mex. i. A genus of plants of the natural order 
Polygonacece; yellow dock. Ru'mex obtusifo'lius. 
A species of dock the root of which contains 
0.477% of i^on in organic combination. L. ij. 
‘09.] 2. The 1890 U. S. P. name for the root of 


RUMICIN 


840 


RYE 


R. cris'pus and other species of Rumex: astringent 
and gently tonic. Dose, i to 2 Gm, to ^ dr.). 
A precipitate from the tincture is called ru'min. 
ru'mi-cin. Chrysophanic acid. 
ru-mi-na'tion. Bringing up of the food which has 
been swallowed into the mouth to be chewed 
over again or to be reswallowed without mastica¬ 
tion; merycism: normal in certain animals and 
occasionally observed in man. [< L.] fru'mi- 
nat-ed, penetrated with holes, as a R. nutmeg. 
Rum'mo’s disease. An Italian disease of men in 
which the face is wizened, voice effeminate, and 
the genitalia small; dystrophia genitalis, 
rump. The gluteal region; nates; buttocks; crup¬ 
per. R.sbone = COCCYX. 

Rumpel-Leede phenomenon. Subcutaneous hem¬ 
orrhages at bend of elbow on applying a band- 
age tightly to upper arm; a sign of scarlet fever, 
but sometimes seen in measles, syphilis, etc. 
Rumpf’s sign or symptom, i. The increase of the 
pulse in neurasthenics from a slight cause. 2. 
Post=traumatic twitching of the muscles, 
run'a-round, run'round. A mild form of onychia 
in which the inflammatory action follows the cir¬ 
cumference of the nail. 

Ru'ne-berg’s disease. A form of pernicious ane¬ 
mia characterized by remissions. 

Runge’s method (rung'^z). Dressing the umbilical 
cord with a mixture of one part of boric acid and 
two parts of starch. 

run'ning. i. Rapid, as the R. pulse seen in typhoid 
fever. 2. A diseharge of pus or mucus. R. scale, 
a popular name for eczema. R. tetter = impetigo. 
ru'pi a, ry'pi a. An eruptive disease in which there 
are broad, flat vesicles, succeeded by an ilbcon- 
ditioned discharge which on drying is converted 
into easily detached, but immediately replaced, 
scabs: most frequently a syphilid, tru'pial. 
ru-po-pho'bi a. Insane fear or dislike of dirt, 
rup'tion. A rupture; a bursting. 

Tup'ture. I. == Hernia. 2. Bursting or breaking 
of a part, as R. of the heart. [< L. ruptu'ra, fr. 
rum'pere to burst.] f rup'tured, as R. globe, con¬ 
tusion of the eyeball with protrusion of the 
sclerotic mem¬ 
brane. 

Rusconi’s anus 

(rus-c6'niz). 

The blasto¬ 
pore. 

Rush’s thunder¬ 
bolt. Calomel 
and extract of 
jalap, of each, 
ten grains at 
one dose. [If 
M. R. j. ’ll.] 
rus'ot, rus'wut. 

An extract of 
Ber'beris ly'ci- 
um. 

Rus^sell’s bodies. 

Small roundish 
bodies staining 
with fuchsin 
found in hya¬ 
line degenera¬ 
tion of the cutaneous epithelium. 

Rus^sian bath. A variety of hot vapor*bath fol 
lowed by a cold douche and a brisk rubbing. K 
disease, influenza. R. naphtha, naptha refinei 
from Russian petroleum. 



Benjamin Rush, American Physi. 
CIAN, 1745-1813. 


rus-sospo'lish fever. = Typhoid fever. 

Rus'so’s test. A color test consisting in the addi¬ 
tion of 4 drops of a solution of methylene blue to 
a small amount of urine from a typhoid patient. 
The light green color in the first stage of the dis¬ 
ease, the emerald green at its height, and the 
bluish=green to blue color during convalescence 
were supposed by Russo to be diagnostic of the 
typhoid toxins, but are now generally believed 
to be physical phenomena depending on the color 
of the urine alone. Ehrlich’s diazo reac¬ 
tion. [1 Rijorma med. ’05.] 

rust. I. A reddish oxide of iron forming on iron 
when it is exposed to moisture. It is a ferroso- 
ferric or a compound ferrous and ferric oxide. 
2. A disease of cereal due to fungi of the class 
Uredinece. 3. The water*weevil. R.=colored layer, 
the internal layer of the cerebral cortex, consist¬ 
ing of a gelatinous matrix containing multitudes 
of granular bodies, frus'ty, as R. expectoration 
or sputum, sputum colored with blood, often seen 
in pneumonia; in Paragon'imus infection it is due 
not so much to blood as to the numerous reddish* 
brown eggs in the sputum: and R. spots of Ched¬ 
dar cheese. 

Rust’s collyrium. A mixture of lead water, elder* 
flower water, and tincture of opium. R.’s disease, 
upper cervical Pott’s disease; malus rusti. R.’s 
disinfectant, a disinfectant mixture of 7 parts 
each of myrrh and camphor, 30 parts each of 
styrax and charcoal, and enough oil of turpentine 
to make an ointment. R.’s symptom, a tendency 
to support the head with the hand in patients 
suffering from caries of the upper cervical ver¬ 
tebrae. 

rut. I. To be in heat. 2. The condition of being 
in heat, ^ cestrum. frutling. 

Ru'ta grave'olens. The common rue*plant, a species 
of rutaceous plants furnishing oil of rue, which has 
rubefacient, irritant, and emmenagogic proper¬ 
ties; heavy*smelling rue. 

ru-the'nium. An element, sometimes found asso¬ 
ciated with platinum: at. wt., 100.9; symb., Ru. 
R. red, ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride, an 
histological stain: also used as a test for pectin, 
plant mucin, etc. [Ruthenia, a province of 
Russia.] 

Rutherford’s solution (rudh'er-fordz). A histolog¬ 
ical hardening solution, consisting of a solution 
of I Gm. of chromic acid in 200 Cc. of water to 
which are added 2 Cc. of nitric acid. 

ru'tic acid. =Capric acid. 

ru-ti-do'sis, rhy-ti-do'sis, ry-ti-do'sis. i. A shrink¬ 
ing or puckering of the cornea: regarded as a sign 
of approaching death. 2. = Geromorphism. 

ru'tin. A crystalline substance contained in the 
leaves of Ruta graveolens. 

Ruysch’s glomerulus (roisks), A malpighian cor¬ 
puscle. R.’s membrane or tunic = entocho- 
ROiDEA. R.’s tube, a minute cavity opening a 
little below and in front of the nasopalatine fora¬ 
men and representing in the fetus the rudimen¬ 
tary homologue of Jacobson’s organ, [< Fred¬ 
eric Ruysch, Dutch anatomist, 1638-1731.] R.’s 
veins, the vorticose veins of the choroid. [II 
’09.] 

rye. The plant Seca'le cerea'le and its grain, which 
latter is a nutritious food containing starch and 
proteids. Whisky. R. asthma, a variety of 
asthma which sometimes occurs in those coming 
in contact with rye, especially at its flowering 
time. R.ssmut = ergot. Spurred r. — ergot. 


841 


SACCHARATED 




S 


S. I. =70,000. 2. The miniature gallon. 

cr. The thousandth part of a second ; micro¬ 
second. [Gr. letter sigma.] isr pi. 

S. Abbr, for L. sinis'ter, left; L. se'mis, half (also 
ss.); L. sig'na, write or mark, i. e., give the fol¬ 
lowing directions (in prescriptions); sight; L. sig- 
ne'tur, let it be labelled; L. sir'upus, syrup; L. 
sol've, dissolve. S angle, the angle between the 
radius fixus and a line joining the basion and 
the STAPHYLioN. S foma'num, the sigmoid flex¬ 
ure of the colon, fs- Ellis’s line. 

S. The symbol for sulphur. 

S.a. or S.a.l. Abbr. for L. secun'dum ar'tem, 
according to art, or L. secun'dum ar'tis le’ges, ac¬ 
cording to the rules of art. 

S.D.A. Abbr. for the right sacro=anterior position 
of the fcetus. 

S.D.P. Abbr. for the right sacroposterior position 
of the foetus. 

S. f. Abbr. for L. spir'itus jrumen'ti, whisky. 

S.I. Abbr. for sanitary inspector. 

S.L.A. Abbr. for the left sacro^anterior position 
of the foetus. 

S.L.P. Abbr. for the left sacroposterior position 
of the foetus. 

S.n. Abbr. for L. secun'dum natu'ram, according 
to nature. 

S.q. Abbr. for L. suffi'ciens quan'titas, sufficient 
quantity; Q. S. 

S.s.s. Abbr. for L. stra'tum su'per sira'tum, layer 
upon layer. 

S.v. Abbr. for L. spir'itus vi'ni, spirit of wine. 

S.v.r. Abbr. for L. spir'itus vi'ni rectifica'tus, 
rectified spirit of wine. 

S.v.t. Abbr. for L. spir'itus vi'ni ten'uis, proof 
spirit. 

Sa. A symbol for samarium; Sm. 

sab-a-dil'la, sab-a-til'la. The seed of Asagrce'a 
officina'lis (Vera'trum sabadil'la or Schoenocau'lon 
ojficina'le), a melanthaceous plant of Mexico; 
cevadilla; used as a cathartic, vermifuge, emetic, 
insecticide, and, in powdered form, as a sternu¬ 
tatory. r^AsAGR^A. From it are obtained 
sab-a-dilTic acid = CEVADic acid, the alkaloids 
sab-a-dil'line, C34H53NOg (sometimes used as a 
synonym for veratrine), sab'a-dine, CogHjiNOg, 
and sa-bad'i-nine, CoyH^^NOg, cevadine, and 
veratrina*. [< Sp. dim. of cebe'da barley.] 

sa'bal*. The partially dried ripe fruit of Sereno'a 
serrula'ta; saw palmetto: diuretic and tonic. 
Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). The fluidextract is used 
in genitosurinary inflammations, tuberculosis of 
the lung, bronchitis, and atonic impotence. 

Sabatier’s suture (sa-ba-ti-ez). The insertion of a 
piece of oiled cardboard into the intestine for the 
approximation of intestinal wounds. 

Sabba'tia. i. A genus of gentianaceous plants, of 
which S. angula'ris (American centaury) and S. 
canicula'ta are bitter tonics. S. cantpes'tris has 
been used in migraine and 5 . elliot'ti (quinine 
flower) supplies the antiperiodic and antipyretic 
glucoside sab'ba-tin. 2. The herb S. campes'tris. 

sa-bi'na*. The tops of Junip'erus sabi'na; savin. 
It is irritant and emmenagogue and often used 
as an abortifacient. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). 


FlUIDEXTRACTUM SABIN,E*; oleum SABIN.E*. 
fsa'bi-nism, poisoning with sabina, causing acute 
gastrosenteritis with peritonitis and hemorrhagic 
nephritis and often metrorrhagia and abortion, 
sable (sa-bk). Sand ; gravel, especially 5 . intestinal 
= INTESTINAL SAND. [F. fr. L. sab'ulum sand.] 
sab'ro-min. Calcium dibromobehenate: containing 
30% bromine. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (8 grs.). 
sa-bu'cus. =Sambucus. 

sab'u-lum. Sand. S. cona'rii = acervulus. S. in- 
testina'lis = INTESTINAL SAND. [L.J fsab'u-lous. 
sa-bur'ra. i. Foulness of the stomach, tongue, or 
teeth; sordes. S. gas'trica = sordes gastrica. 
S. vermino'sa = HELMINTHIASIS. 2. Sand; bal¬ 
last. [L.] tsa-bur'ral, as S. amaurosis, sudden 
dimness of vision, or even blindness, due to an 
attack of acute gastritis and S. fever, fever with 
gastric irritability and a tongue coated with 
sordes. sab-ur-ra'tion, sab-ur-ra'tio, arenation. 
sac. Any closed membrane or deep, purse^shaped 
cavity; a bag=like covering of a cyst or tumor, 
hernia, or even of a natural cavity; pouch; sac¬ 
cule; SACCULUS*; SACCus. Follicle; ves¬ 
icle. Specially named varieties are Air= ( = 
airsvesicle). Allantoic or allantoid ( = allan¬ 
tois), .V.MNioTic, Aneurismal, Auditory, Bro¬ 
ca’s, Conjunctival, Dental or dentinal. Dor¬ 
sal, Embryonic ( = blastodermal vesicle). 
Endolymphatic ( = saccus endolymphaticus*). 
Epiploic ( = omental). Fetal or gestation. Her¬ 
nial, Hilton's (= laryngeal pouch). Lachrymal 
( = SACCUS lacrimalis*), Lacteal ( = recepta- 
CULUM CHYLi), Omental, Pericardial (= peri¬ 
cardium), Peritoneal ( = peritoneal cavity). 
Pleural, Pudendal (= Broca’s pouch). Serous, 
Tubotympanal, Umbilical or vitelline or yolk ( = 
UMBILICAL vesicle). S. of the epididymis, a sac 
consisting of the visceral layer of tunica vagina¬ 
lis covering the epididymis. S. of the heart 
= peric.\.rdium. S. of the pulmonary veins, 
the left auricle of the heart. S. of the venae 
cavae, the right auricle of the heart. [< L. 
sac'cus bag.] -fsac'cate, sac'ca-ted, sacsshaped; 
pouched. 

saccadde (s 4 c-ca-de). Denoting the interrupted 
• spasmodic breathing of fright, catarrh, etc. [Fr.] 
sac-can'eu-rism. = Saccular aneurism. 
sac-cel-la'ti o. A dry poultice. [L.] 
sac'cha-rate. i. =Saccharated. 2. A salt of 
saccharic acid. S. of carbonate of iron = ferri 
CARBONAS sACCiiARATus*. S. of ifon, ferric sac- 
charate, a mixture of cane*sugar and iron; used 
as an antidote in arsenic poisoning. S. of lead = 
LEAD SACCHARATE. S. of lime, a combination of 
caustic lime, 5 parts, and sugar, 16 parts; used 
as an antidote in carbolic acid poisoning, 
sac'cha-ra-ted. Having or containing sugar; hav¬ 
ing a sweet taste. S. casein, a fine white powder 
prepared from dry casein and sugar, and used for 
emulsifying. S. ferrous carbonate = ferri car- 
BONAs SACCHARATUS*. S. fetrous iodide or iodide 
of iron = FERRI iodidum saccharatum. S. pep¬ 
sin =pepsinum SACCHARATUM. S. SOlution Of 
lime = SYRUPUS calcis*. S. tar, a mixture of tar 
and sugar containing 4% of tar. 


SACCHAREPHIDROSIS 


842 


SACCHAROMYCES 


sac*cha-reph-i-dro'sis. A form of hyperidrosis in 
which the sweat contains svtgar: said to occur in 
diabetes mellitus. 
sac'cha-ri faex. = Molasses. 

sac-cha'ric acid. i. A dibasic, amorphous, solid 
acid, CgHjgOg, prepared by the action of nitric 
acid upon sugar. 2. A tetra=oxycaproic acid, 
CgHj20g. It is monobasic, does not exist in a 
free state, and is known through its salts and its 
anhydride (saccharin, def. 2). 
sac'cha-ride. =Sucrate. 

sac'cha-rif'er-ous. Yielding or containing sugar, 
sac’cha-rif-i-ca'tion. The conversion of a substance 
into sugar, as of starch by hydrolysis. 



Vernier, d. Lever for rotating analyzer, e. Tube 
for fluid, f. Glass disk. g. Cap. (Emerson.) 

sac-cha-rim'e-ter. An instrument, especially a 
polariscope, used to determine the amount of sugar 
in a given solution; saccharometer. S. test, the 
rotation of the plane of polarized light by sugar, 
sac'cha-rin. i. =Benzosulphinidum*. S.=sodium, 
a soluble powder, containing 90%. of saccharin: 
used as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose, i Gm. 
(15 grs.) in capsule once or twice daily. 2. A 
carbohydrate, CgHj^Oj, obtained by the action of 
lime upon glucose, etc., and from saccharic acid. 
s.ac'cha-rine. Relating to or resembling sugar; of 
a sweet taste; containing sugar. S. diabetes = 
DIABETES MELLITUS. S. fermentation, fermenta¬ 
tion of starch and its conversion into sugar, 
sac-char'i-nol, sac-char'i-nose. = Benzosulphin- 

IDUM*. 

sac'cha-rize. To sweeten or to convert into sugar, 
sac'cha-ro-. Of or relating to sugar: a combining 
form. [< c7d/c;|fapop sugar.] sac‘cha-ro-bi'ose = 
SACCHAROSE, def. 2.— sac'cha-ro-coTloid, any one 
of the cellulose group of carbohydrates.— sac'cha- 
ro-ga-lac-tor-rhoe'a, secretion of milk containing 
an abnormal amount of sugar.— sacxhar-o-gen'- 
e-sis, the generation or production of sugar.— 
sac'cha-roid, any one of the non=fermentable 
sugars, including dulcite, inosite, mannite, etc. 
— sac'cha-rol benzosulphinidum*. — sacxha- 

ro-lac'tate = saccholactate. saccharol6 (sac- 
a-ro- 1 ^). I. Any liquid preparation, except syrup, 
which contains a large proportion of sugar. 2. A 
triturate made with sugar. [F.] — sac-cha-rom'- 
e-ter = saccharimeter. 


Saccharomy'ces, pi. -myce'tes. A genus of unicel¬ 
lular fungi; the yeast=fungi. They multiply 
chiefly by budding, although a few species in¬ 
crease by endogenous celbformation, and may 
exist without free oxygen. S. al'bicans (al'bus), 
the thrush fungus, parasitic on the mucous 
membrane of the mouth; Blastomy'ces al'bicans; 
Oi'dium al'bicans. ^Thrush. S. anom'alus. 

’06.] S. apicula'tus, the fungus of fer¬ 
menting fruit: the oval cells of which are joined 
at the ends. S. capilli'tii is found on the scalp, 
and said to cause pityriasis capitis. S. cerevis'iae, 
brewer’s yeast fungus, a non=pathogenic species 
found in vomit, urine, etc. It is the most com¬ 
mon species. Alcoholic fermentation is caused 
by it. S. coprog'enus, a species found in decom¬ 
posing faeces, in short chains of spherical or oval 
cells. S. ellipsoi'deus, a species producing the 
alcoholic fermentation of wine. S. exig'uus, a 
species producing the late fermentation of beer. 
S. farcimino'sus, a fungus which causes epizootic 
lymphangitis. S. galactic'olus, a fungus produc¬ 
ing fermentation of milk. S. glu'tinis, a non= 
pathogenic species found in air, potatoes, and the 
skin in seborrhoea. It produces a rose=colored 
pigment. S. granulomato'sus, a species from 
granulomatous nodules of a pig, producing simi¬ 
lar lesions in swine, but not pathogenic to other 
animals. S. guttula'tus, a species of fungus 
capable of changing glucose into alcohol. S. 
hansen'i, a species which changes sugars into 
oxalic acid. S. hom'inis, a species which occurs 
in chronic infectious pyaemia. S. kefir, an or¬ 
ganism causing fermentation. S. lithog'enes, a 
species isolated by Sanfelice (1895) from a car¬ 
cinomatous metastasis in an ox, the liver being 
the seat of the primary tumor. S. marxia'nus. 

’06.] S. mesenter'icus, a species pro¬ 
ducing the fermentation of fruitsacids: found in 
fermenting fruits. S. mycoder'ma, a species 
found in certain fermenting liquids and in dia¬ 
betic urine. S. neofor'mans, a form isolated from 
fermenting grape=juice by Sanfelice (1895), 
cording to whom it resembles the so=called coc- 
cidia of cancers. S. ni'ger, a variety from a 
marasmatic guinea=pig, producing, in chickens, 
rabbits, dogs, and guinea=pigs, enlargement of 
the lymphatic glands and suppuration at the 
place of inoculation. S. pasteuria'nus, a species 
from beer or wine. S. psori'asis, a species from 
hair. S. pyrifor'mis. [T[ M. H. ’06.] S. rosac'eus. 
[*(f M. H. ’06.] S.' ruber, a species of a red color, 

found in milk (Demme, 1891) and causing gastro* 
enteritis in children. S. sep'ticus, de Galtano, a 
virulent species found in urinary sediment, pro¬ 
ducing fatal fibrinous peritonitis and septicaemia 
in guinea=pigs in 12 hours. [H ’07.] S. sub- 
cuta'neus tumefa'ciens, a species of fungus 
found in a myxoma of the thigh: pathogenic to 
animals. S. theobro'matis, the yeast by which fer¬ 
mentation is caused in the curing of cacao. G. 
’07.] S. ton'surans, a species found in the scales 
of herpes tonsurans. S. tumefa'ciens al'bus, 
Foulerton, isolated from patients suffering from 
pharyngitis. [T[ G. ’07.] tsacxha-ro-my-ce'tic. 
sacxha-ro-myxe-tol'y-sis, a diseased condition 
in which saccharomycetes are present in the 
sputum, sacxha-ro-my-co'sis, sacxha-ro-my- 
ce-to'sis, a pathological condition due to the 
presence of saccharomycetes, as 5 . hom'inis, a 
variety of pyaemia caused by Saccharomy'ces 
hom'inis. 
















SACCHARONE 


SACHSSE’S TEST 


843 

sac^cha-foilfi* An oily liquid, C^HgOp, formed by 
heating saccharin (def. 2) with phosphorus and 
hydriodic acid. 

sac-cha-ron'ic acid. A sour, crystalline substance, 
^6^800 + 1120, formed by oxidizing saccharone. 
sac’cha-ror-rhoe'a. i. Secretion of a fluid contain¬ 
ing sugar. 2. Glycosuria; diabetes mellitus. S. 
cuta'nea = saccharephidrosis. S. lac'tea = 
SACCHAROGALACTORRHCEA. S. pulmona'lis, the 
sweetish sputum met with in certain hectic con¬ 
ditions. S. urino'sa = DIABETES mellitus. 
sac'cha-ro-scope. An instrument for the registra¬ 
tion and determination of the amount of sugar 
in the urine. 

sac'cha-rose. i. Sugar, a sweet crystalline sub¬ 
stance, Cj2H220jj, especially that obtained from 
sugarscane {canei^sugar) ; sucrose. It is also 
found in large quantities in beets (beeUsugar), 
maplestrees {maples:sugar), corn, and sorghum; 
and in small quantities in the juices of many 
other plants. It is completely soluble in water, 
melts at 160° C., and at 190° to 200° C. is con¬ 
verted into CARAMEL. It is used as a food and in 
the preparation of syrups, conserves, confections, 
electuaries, etc. 2. Any one of the series of car¬ 
bohydrates, as lactose, maltose, isomaltose, iso¬ 
meric with cane=sugar; disaccharide. f3* Carbo¬ 
hydrate; SACCHARUM*. S. nitrate = NiTROSAC- 
CHAROSE. [< oaKxapov sugar.] 
sac*cha-ro-su'ri a. The presence of saccharose in 
the urine, ts-G lucosuria. 

Sac'charum*. i. A genus of graminaceous plants. 

S. offictna'runt, or sugar-cane, supplies most of 
the sugar of commerce. 2. The U. S. P. name for 
sugar, CJ2H22OJJ, the refined product obtained 
from S. officina'rum and from various species or 
varieties of sorghum, also from Be'ta vulga'ris. It 
is odorless and occurs in the form of white, dry, 
hard, distinctly crystalline granules. ts-S ac¬ 
charose. S. acer'num (Canaden'se) = maple- 
sugar. S. al'bum, “ white sugar,” refined sugar; 
loaf-sugar. S. can'dum (candisa'tum) = rock- 
candy. S. hordea'tum = barley-sugar. S. 
lac'tis*, sugar of milk or lactose, Cj2H220jj + H2O, 
a peculiar hard, white, crystalline sugar obtained 
from the whey of cows’ milk by evaporation, and 
purified by recrystallization. It is soluble in 
water, of neutral reaction, dextrorotatory, and is 
used as a bland and nutritious article of diet in 
certain diseases, and in the preparation of infants’ 
foods and preserved niilk. It is fermented by 
the Bacil'lus ac'idi lac'tici, thus causing the sour¬ 
ness of milk. t^KuMYSs; LACTASE. S. purifica'- 
tum,the B. P. name for saccharum*. S. satur'ni, 

“ sugar of lead ” = PLUMBi acetas*. [< Arab. 
shak'ar; aaKxcipov; L. sac'charum.] 
sac'cha-rure. A medicated sugar, 
sac-cho-lac'tic acid. = Mucic acid, fsac-cho- 
lac'tate, sacch-lac'tate, a salt of saccholactic acid; 
saccharolactate. 

sac'ci-form. Formed like a sac or bag; saccular; 

sacculated. [< L. sac'cus sa.c+for'ma shape.] 
sac-co-cys'tis, sac'cu-ro-cys'tis. = Supplementary 

BLADDER. 

sac'cu-lar, sac'cu-la-ted. In the shape of a sac, 
bagged, or pursed out in little expansions; little 
sac divisions. S. aneurism, a pouch-like projec¬ 
tion from the side of an artery. S. bladder, a 
bladder with abnormal sac-shaped formation. S. 
bronchiectasis, bronchiectasis. S. disease of 
the anus or rectum, inflammatory distention of 
the pouches of the rectum; encysted rectum. S. 


gland, a gland consisting of one or more minute 
sacs lined by glandular epithelium. When the 
gland contains but a single sac, it is a. simple sac¬ 
cular gland; when made up of many sacs, it is a 
compound saccular or racemose gland. S. theory 
of hernia. [^L. j.’o;.] fsac-cu-la'tion. i. The 
state of having small sacs. 2. The formation of 
little sacs. 

sac'cule. i. A little sac or pouch. c^Sac; saccus. 
Dental s. = dental follicle. S. of the larynx 
= LARYNGEAL POUCH. 2. The Smaller of the 
two divisions of the membranous labyrinth con¬ 
tained within the vestibule, connected with 
the cochlear canal by the canalis reuniens, and 
with the utricle by means of the ductus endo- 
lymphaticus; vestibular saccule; sacculus pro- 
prius; sacculus*. 

Sacculi'na carci'ni. Quart. J. Micr. Soc. ’07-08.] 
sac-cul'mic acid, sac-cul'min. A dark amorphous 
substance, CjjHjqO^, formed by boiling sugar for 
a long time with a dilute mineral acid, 
sac'cu-lo-coch'le ar. Relating to the saccule and 
the cochlea. S. canal, a canal connecting the 
saccule and the cochlea; canalis reuniens; ductus 
reuniens [Hensent]*. 

sac‘cu-lo=u-tric'u-lar. Relating to the saccule and 
the utricle. S. canal or duct, a small canal con¬ 
necting the saccule and the utricle; ductus utricu¬ 
losaccular is*. 

sac'cu-lus*, pi. = Saccule, especially in 

the sense of def. 2. e^-Sac; saccus. S. adipo'- 
sus, “adipose sac,” a bursa mucosa. S. caeca'lis 
= LARYNGEAL POUCH. Sac'culi chalicoph'ori, la¬ 
cunae of bone. S. chy'lifer — recept.\culum chy- 
Li. S. commu'nis = utricle. S. cor'dis = peri¬ 
cardium. S. ellip'ticus or hemi=ellip'ticus = 
UTRICLE. S. endolymphat'icus = SACCUS endo- 
LYMPHATicus*. HomePs s., the pocket of the 
anus; a saccular fold of the mucosa of the rec¬ 
tum. S. labyrin'thi = saccule, def. 2. S. 
lachryma'lis = saccus lacrimalis*. S. laryn'- 
gis = LARYNGEAL POUCH. S. muco'sus, the bursa 
of the rectus femoris muscle. S. pro'prius or 
rotun'dus = saccule, def. 2. S. ro'rifer = re- 

CEPTACULUM CHYLI. S. semiOVa'Us = UTRICLE. 
S. sphae'ricus = SACCULE, def. 2. [L.] 

sac'CU-ro-cys'tis. = Supplementary bladder. 
sac'cus. A SAC or bag. (^Saccule; sacculus*. 
S. endolymphat'icus*, the dilated, sac-like ex¬ 
tremity of the ductus endolymphaticus formed 
by the prolongation of the membranous labyrinth 
through the aquaeductus vestibuli, and situated 
between the layers of the dura mater; endolym¬ 
phatic sac. S. lacrima'lis*, the dilatation at the 
upper end of the lachrymal duct; the lachrymal 
sac or bag. S. vitelli'nus = umbilical vesicle. 
sa'cer. Sacred. S. ig'nis, “sacred fire,” erysipelas; 
herpes exedens. S. mor'bus, “sacred disease,” 
epilepsy. S. mus'cuius, “ sacred muscle,” the 
transversalis lumborum. [L.] 
sachet (sa-she). A small bag of perfumed or medi¬ 
cated substances. S. rdsolutif, a sachet of cal¬ 
cium and iron sulphates, and sal ammoniac. [F.] 
Sachs’s disease (zacn's^z). A form of infantile 
paralysis described by Sachs, Peterson, and 
Hirsch, in which the entire gray matter of the 
central nervous system is involved; amaurotic 
family idiocy. 

Sachsse’s test (zdch'sfz). A quantitative test for 
sugar in urine, by means of a solution (S.’s solu¬ 
tion) of red iodide of mercury, 1.8%; potassium 
iodide, 2.5%; potassium hydroxide, 8.0%. 


SACRA 


844 


SACRO- 


sa'cra. i. Sacred S. fis'tula, vertebral column. 
2. A sacral artery, as 5 . me'dia, the middle sacral 
artery. [L.] 

sac'rache. Sacral pain in the pregnant woman. 

sa'crad. Toward the sacrum. 

sa'cral. Belonging to the sacrum; toward the 
sacrum. S. angle = sacrovertebral angle. S. 
artery, any one of the arteries distributed to the 
sacrum. S. arteries, lateral, i. Metameric ar¬ 
teries, the serial homologues of the intercostal 
and lumbar arteries derived from the middle 
sacral artery. 2. Either of two branches (a supe¬ 
rior and an inferior) derived from the posterior 
division of the internal iliac; A. sacralis lateralis*'. 
S. artery, middle, the anatomical continuation of 
the aorta, arising just above the bifurcation of 
the aorta and descending down the middle line; 
A. sacralis media*. It is the homologue of the 
sacral and coccygeal aorta of lower types. S. 
aspect, the aspect, as of an organ, toward the 
region of the sacrum. S. canal, the canal, con¬ 
tinuous with the spinal canal, situated in the 
sacrum; canalis sacralis*. S. cornua, the pair of 
hookslihe processes projecting downward from 
the open arch of the last sacral vertebra; cornua 
sacralia*. S. curve, the curved long axis of the 
sacrum. It varies much in different persons, and 
differs in the two sexes. S. flexure, the flexure 
of the rectum corresponding to that of the sacrum 
and coccyx; fiexura sacralis recti*. S. foramina, 
the foramina from which the sacral nerves issue, 
corresponding to the intervertebral foramina of 
the other parts of the spinal column; foramina 
sacralia*. S. ganglia, the ganglia located upon 
the sacral part of the sympathetic; ganglia sacra¬ 
lia*. S. ganglion, accessory, a ganglion situated 
along the middle sacral artery. S. glands, several 
lymphatic glands situated in the hollow of the 
sacrum, in the folds of the mesorectum, behind 
the rectum; lymphoglandulae sacrales*. S. grooves, 
the pair of longitudinal grooves on the posterior 
surface of the sacrum, continuous with the ver¬ 
tebral grooves. S. hiatus = hiatus sacralis*. 
S. horns = S. cornua. S. index, the ratio of the 
breadth to the length of the sacrum multiplied 
by 100. S. nerves, the spinal nerves which leave 
the spinal canal by the sacral foramina and the 
sacrococcygeal notch; Nn. sacrales*. S. notch, 
inferior or lower, the notch in the lower part of 
the posterior surface of the sacrum communicat¬ 
ing with the sacral canal. S. notch, superior = 
HIATUS SACRALIS*. S. nucleus, a nucleus of gray 
matter in the spinal cord opposite the origin of 
the second and third sacral nerves. S. plexus, a 
plexus formed by the anterior branches of the 
three upper sacral nerves, a portion of the fourth 
sacral nerve, and the lumbosacral cord, which 
furnishes small branches to its vicinity, the larger 
portion forming the great sciatic nerve; plexus 
sacralis*. S. presentation = breech presenta¬ 
tion. S. promontory = promontory of the sa¬ 
crum. S. region, the area of the body about the 
sacrum; regio sacralis*. S. resection, resection of 
the two lower segments of the sacrum for the 
formation of an artificial anus. S. ribs, the points 
of ossification from which the lateral portions of 
the sacrum develop. S. segment, that portion of 
the pelvic floor which lies between the sacrum 
and the posterior vaginal wall. S. surface, the 
posterior part of the internal surface of the ilium, 
including the tuberosity and the auricular sur¬ 
face. S. teratoma, a congenital malformation 


consisting of a tumor in the sacral region con-^ 
taining fetal organs. S. veins, veins correspond- J 
ing to the sacral arteries. Two middle s. veins Si 
empty into the left common iliac, and the lateral 
s. veins form with the middle ones a plexus fi 
over the sacrum and discharge into the internal V 
iliac. S. vertebrae, the five vertebrae which unite 
to form the sacrum; vertebrae sacrales*. 
sa-cral'gi a. Pain in the sacrum, 
sac-rar-throc'a-ce. =Sacrosiliac disease. 
sa-crec'to-my. The excising of the sacrum in opera¬ 
tions for rectal cancer ; Kraske’s operation, 
sa'cred bark. Cascara sagrada bark. S. disease = 
s.ACER MORBUS. S. fire = SACER IGNIS. S. muscle 
= SACER MUSCULUS. 

sa'cren. Belonging to the sacrum in itself, 
sac-ri-fi'ci al operation. An operation by which 
some organ, as an ovary, is sacrificed for the 
good of the patient. 

sa*cri-lum-ba'lis. The erector spinae muscle, 
sa'cri-plex. The sacral plexus, fsa-cri-plex'al. 
sa'cro-. Relating to the sacrum: a combining 
form. sa'cro=an-te'ri or, having the sacrum for¬ 
ward, as 5. position of the foetus.— sa'cro-coc- 
cyg'e al, appertaining to the sacrum and the coc¬ 
cyx, as S. ligaments, the ligaments uniting the 
sacrum and the coccyx; ligamenta sacrococ- 
cygea*, they being an anterior, a posterior, and 
two lateral, uniting the corresponding surfaces of 
the two bones, and an interarticular, between 
their cornua: 5 . notch, the lateral notch at the 
point where the coccyx and sacrum unite: 5 . 
plexus, a series of loops formed by the an¬ 
astomoses of the external branches of the pos¬ 
terior divisions of the first three sacral nerves, 
the fourth and fifth posterior sacrals, and the 
posterior coccygeal: and S. teratoid tumor. [Tf L. 
j. ’07.]—sa’cro-coc-cy-ge'us anti'cus = curvator * 
COCCYGIS. S. posti'cus = extensor coccygis. 

— sa’cro-cos-ta'lis = sacrolumbalis. — sa-cro- 
cot'y-loid, pertaining to the sacrum and the 
cotyloid cavity, as S. diameter, that one of the 
pelvic diameters which extends between the 
promontory of the sacrum and the posterior part 
of the cotyloid cavit57^.— sa'cro-cox-al'gi a, sa*- 
cro-cox-i'tis, inflammation of the sacrosiliac ar¬ 
ticulation, with pain and oedematous swelling, 
sacrosiliac disease, ts- Coxalgia. — sa-cro-dyn'- 
ia, pain in the region of the os sacrum, observed 
in hysteria or neurasthenia and of psychic 
origin.— sa-crosil'i ac, relating to the sacrum and 
the ilium, as 5 . articulation, symphysis, or syn¬ 
chondrosis, the union of the two surfaces of the 
sacrum and the ilium; articulatio sacro^iliaca*: 

S. disease, a painful inflammation of the sacros 
iliac articulation, of tuberculous origin or due to j 
local injury: 5 . dislocation, dislocation of the' 
sacro*iliac articulation: and 5 . ligaments, an an¬ 
terior and a posterior, respectively uniting the 
anterior and posterior surfaces of the two bones. 

— sa*cro=is-chi-at'ic, pertaining to the sacrum 
and the ischium, as 5 . ligament, the great sacro- 
sciatic ligament.— sa-cro-lat'e-ral arteries, the 
lateral sacral arteries.— sa-cro-lum'bal = sacro¬ 
lumbar. — sa*cro-lum-ba'lis, the portion of the 
erector spinae extending between the posterior 
portion of the sacrum and the six lower ribs ; 
iliocostalis; sacrolumbaris; lumbocostalis; M. 
sacrolumbalis*. — sa-cro-lum'bar, pertaining to 
the sacrum and the loins; sacrolumbal, as 5. 
angle, the angle formed by the articulation of 
the sacrum and the last lumbar vertebra and S. 



SACRUM 


845 


SAFRANINE 


muscle, the sacrolumbalis.— sa^cro-me'di an ar¬ 
tery, the middle sacral artery.— sa'cro-pos-te'- 
rior, with the sacrum directed backward, as S. 
position of the foetus.— sa-cro-prom'on-to-ry, 
the promontory of the sacrum. [^Dl. ’o6.] — 
sa-cro-pu'bic, pertaining to the sacrum and the 
os pubis, as 5 . diameter, the pelvic diameter 
measured from the upper edge of the promontory 
of the sacrum to a point one*eighth of an inch 
below the upper border of the pubic symphysis; 
anteroposterior or conjugate diameter: normally 
II Cm. in length. — sa-cro-rec'tal, relating to the 
sacrum and the rectum, as 5 . hernia, hernia of the 
rectum backward: due to incomplete ossification 
of the sacrum.— sa*cro-sci-at'ic, pertaining to the 
sacrum and the ischium, as S. foramina, the fora¬ 
mina into which the sacrosciatic notches are con¬ 
verted by the sacrosciatic ligaments: 5. ligament, 
great, a broad triangular band extending between 
the tuberosity of the ischium, the posterior infe¬ 
rior spine of the ilium, and the sides of the sa¬ 
crum and coccyx; ligamentum sacrotuberosum*: 
S. ligament, lesser, a short band extending be¬ 
tween the lateral margin of the sacrum, the 
upper portion of the coccyx, and the tuberosity 
of the ischium; ligamentum sacrospinosum*: S. 
notch, great, a deep concavity between the pos¬ 
terior inferior spine of the ilium and the spine of 
the ischium: and S. notch, lesser or small, a con¬ 
cavity on the posterior border of the ischium 
between its spine and its tuberosity.— sa-cro-spi'- 
nal, pertaining to the vertebral spines and sa¬ 
crum, as 5 . ligaments, ligaments uniting the 
sacrum and the spinal column, and .S. muscle = 
ERECTOR spiN^E. — sa'cro-spi-na'lis, the erector 
spinae muscle.— sa-cro-spi'nous ligament = sa¬ 
crosciatic LIGAMENT, LESSER. -Sa’CTO-Sub-pu'- 

bic diameter, the pelvic diameter which connects 
the sacrovertebral angle and the subpubic liga¬ 
ment ; diagonal conjugate diameter.— sa'cro-su- 
pra-pu'bic diameter, the pelvic diameter which 
connects the sacrovertebral angle and the upper 
portion of the pubic symphysis.— sa-crot'o-my, 
the operation of excising all or part of the sacrum. 
— sac-ro-tu'ber-ous ligament = sacrosciatic lig¬ 
ament, GRE.\T. — sa-cro=u'te-rine, pertaining to 
the sacrum and the uterus, as 5 . ligaments, 
two fibromuscular bands, one on each side, ex¬ 
tending between the second and third segments 
of the sacrum and the line of junction of the cer¬ 
vix and the body of the uterus.— sa-cro-ver'te- 
bral, relating to the sacrum and the vertebrae, as 
5. angle, the angle formed by the sacrum with 
the last lumbar vertebra: 5 . ligament, a liga¬ 
ment passing from the anterior part of each 
transverse process of the last lumbar vertebra to 
the lateral part of the base of the sacrum: and 
5 . prominence = Y’ROUO'HTOis.'i of the sacrum. 

sa'crum. The triangular bone wedged between the 
ossa innominata, forming the posterior wall of 
the pelvis, articulating above with the vertebral 
column and below with the coccyx, and formed 
by the fusion of the five sacral vertebras or seg¬ 
ments; sacred bone; sacrum*. [L.] (See illus¬ 
tration, next column.) 

sac-to-sal'pinx. Distention of a fallopian tube, espe¬ 
cially at the abdominal end, with retained mat¬ 
ter. GT-Salpingitis; salpinx, def. 2; hydrosal¬ 
pinx. S. haemorrhagica = H.EMATOSALPINX. 

sad'dle. A pad or seat for a horse’s back, usually 
of leather. S. arch, a form of dental vault the 
section of which is saddle=shaped. S.sback = 


LORDOSIS. S.sback nose = SADDLE NOSE. S. bags, 
a pair of leathern cases containing instruments 
and medicines carried upon the saddle by phy¬ 
sicians. S. head 
= CLINOCEPHA- 
Lus. S. joint, a 
joint in which the 
articulating sur¬ 
faces are concave 
in one direction 
and convex in the 
other; articulatio 
sellaris*: seen in 
the carpometa¬ 
carpal joint of the 
thumb. S. nose, 
a nose with a 
sunken bridge: at 
times corrected 
by paraffin pros¬ 
thesis. Turkish s. 

= SELLA TURCI¬ 
CA*. 

sad'dlers’ silk. The 

heavy silk used 
by saddlesmakers: employed in surgery, 
sa'dism. A form of sexual perversion in which 
pleasure is derived from cruelty inflicted upon 
another, Masochism. [< Marquis de Sade, 
1740-1814.] fsa'dist. sa-dis'tic. 

Sae'misch’s operation (ze'mfsch-fz). Transfixion of 
the base of the ulcer and of the cornea for the 
cure of hypopyon. S.’s ulcer, an infectious ser¬ 
piginous ulcer of the cornea. 

Sanger’s macula (zangVrz). A bright^red spot at 
the orifice of the duct of Bartholin’s gland, in 
certain cases of gonorrhoea; macula gonorrhoeica. 
S.’s operation, a mode of performing caesarean 
section in which the uterus is extracted through 
a long abdominal incision before removal of the 
foetus. S.’s pupilsreaction, the pupil reflex to 
light may be retained and even increased upon a 
protracted stay in the dark in optic atrophy and 
amaurosis of cerebral syphilis, which is not the 
case in tabes dorsalis: used in the differential 
diagnosis of these diseases. S.’s suture, a method 
of suture in caesarean section by the insertion of 
several deep sutures of silver wire through the 
uterine incision and several superficial ones 
through the peritoneum. 

sae-pi-men'tum. i. The tissue of the cord includ¬ 
ing and separating the umbilical vessels. 2. The 
pons varolii. [< L. scepi're to fence.] 
saep-tom'e-ter. Septometer. 
saep'tum. Septum. 

safe'ty. Public safety. S. tube, a small por¬ 
tion of the upper end of the eustachian tube, 
which is slightly open, and allows a recoil of air 
from the tympanum when the tympanic mem¬ 
brane is suddenly driven in, as in explosions, per¬ 
mitting an equalization of pressure from the 
tympanum. Welter’s s. t., a tube bent upon 
itself, used to relieve pressure in distillation, 
saf'flow-er. =Carthamus tinctorius. 
saf'fron. = Crocus sativus. American s. = car- 
thamus. Meadow s. i^Colchicum. S. substi¬ 
tute = dinitrocresol. S.ssugar = crocose. 
saf'ra-nine. A pink dye, CigHjgN^, used in stain¬ 
ing histological specimens and as a test for glu¬ 
cose; aniline pink: violently poisonous, acting 
upon the heart and respiratory organs, fsa-fran'- 
o-phile, having especial affinity tor safranine. 



Front View of Sacrum.— t. 
Transverse ridges. 2. Sacral 
foramina. 3. Promontory. 4. 
Articular surface for the hiii 
bone. 5. Sacral border. 6. Base. 
7. Wing. 8. Prearticular proc¬ 
ess. 9. Apex. (Leidy.) 


SAFRANUM 


846 SAL 


saf'ra-num. =Carthamus tinctorius. 
saf'rene. An aromatic hydrocarbon, CjoHjg, from 
the volatile oil of sassafras, 
saf'rol. =Safrolum*. 

saf'ro-lum*. The methylene ether of allyl pyro- 
catechol, CjgHigOg, found in oil of sassafras, cam¬ 
phor oil, and other volatile oils; safrol; sassafrol: 
used in neuralgia. Dose, 0.3 Cc. (5 mins.), 
sa'ga. I. A midwife. 2. A wise woman. [L.] 
sag-a-pe'num, -be'num, sag'a-pin. The gum=resin 
of an uncertain plant, probably Fer'ula per'sica. 
It resembles galbanum and asafoetida and is an 
antispasmodic stimulant. 

sage. = Salvia*. S.sbrush, various species of 
Artemisia. Indian s., Eupato'rium perfolia'ium. 
Jerusalem s. = pulmonaria. 
sagesfemme (sazh-fam). A midwife. [F.] 
sag'it-tal. Relating to, or shaped like, an arrow; 
anteroposterior; sagiiialis*. S. axis. i. The an¬ 
teroposterior axis of the cerebrum. 2. The an¬ 
teroposterior diameter of the eye. S. crest, the 
parietal crest. S. fissure, the great longitudinal 
fissure of the brain. S. groove or furrow, a fur¬ 
row upon the inner surface of the vault of the 
cranium for the reception of the superior longitu¬ 
dinal sinus; sulcus sagittalis*. S. layer, an occa¬ 
sional accessory bundle of the transversus perinasi 
profundus muscle, running forward and inserted 
into the upper surface of the bulb. S. line, the 
line of intersection of any sagittal with a horizon¬ 
tal plane. S. medullary tract, a tract of the brain 
coming from the posterior third of the posterior 
limit of the internal capsule, running along the 
outer side of the posterior horn of the lateral ven¬ 
tricle, and extending to the cortex of the poste¬ 
rior portion of the cerebrum; sagittal tract of 
Wernicke, intracerebral optic tract. S. nucleus, 
the middle part of the oculomotor nucleus. S. 
plane, the median plane of the body, or any 
plane parallel to it. S. section, a section made in 
a sagittal plane. S. semicircular canal, the pos¬ 
terior semicircular canal. S. sinus, the longitu¬ 
dinal sinus. S. sulcus = S. groove. S. suture, 
the interparietal suture; suiura sagiiialis*. 
sa'go. The name for the prepared fecula obtained 
from the pith of Sa'gus rum'phi and other spe¬ 
cies of Sagus. It is used as a nutritious and 
easily digestible food in febrile affections and in 
convalescence from acute disorders. S. grain, 
one of the granulations on the lid seen in 
granular ophthalmia. S. spleen, a spleen in which 
the malpighian corpuscles, from amyloid degen¬ 
eration, resemble sago grains; amyloid spleen; 
lardaceous spleen; waxy spleen. [< Malay.] 
Sago'tia racemo'sa. A species of Euphorhia'cea 
yielding an aphrodisiac and a tonic, 
sa'gur. A gall of an astringent nature which forms 
on certain East Indian tamarisks. 

Sa'gus. A genus of palms furnishing sago. 

Sah'li’s desmoid test or reaction. A test for gastric 
activity based on the principle that raw catgut is 
soluble in the gastric secretions but not in the 
pancreatic juices. A pill of methylene blue, 
0.05 Gm., or iodoform, o.i Gm., or both, in ex- 
tractum glycyrrhizae, is placed in a rubber sack 
securely tied with raw catgut. After allowing 
time for the gastric juices to operate the urine is 
tested for methylene blue or iodine. [Hermann 
Sahli, German diagnostician, 1856- .] 

Sah'lisNen'cki test. The administration of salol to 
be excreted as salicylic acid: a test for the lipo¬ 
lytic activity of the pancreas. 


Sai'gon cinnamon. =Cinnamomum saigonicum*. 

sail. = Velum*. 

sai'lor’s colic. A form of colic seen among sailors. 
S.’s knot = reef knot. 

Saint Agatha’s disease. Any disease of the mammae. 
Saint Aignan’s disease, tinea. Saint Andrew’s 
cross=AscYRUM CRUX ANDREW. Saint Anthony’s 
dance, chorea. Saint Anthony’s fire, erysipelas. 
Saint Apollonia’s disease, toothache. Saint Aver- 
tin’s disease, epilepsy. Saint Barthelemy’s fever 
liniment, a preparation of oil of turpentine, tinc¬ 
ture of opium, camphor, and olive oil. Saint 
Bartholomew’s tea. Paraguay tea. Saint Blaise’s 
disease, quinsy; sore throat. Saint Clair’s disease, 
ophthalmia. Saint Dymphna’s disease, insanity. 
Saint Erasmus’s disease, colic. Saint Fiacre’s dis¬ 
ease, hemorrhoids. Saint Francis’s fire, erysipe¬ 
las. Saint Germain tea = species laxantes. 
Saint Gervasius’s disease, rheumatism. Saint 

Gete’s disease, leprosy or cancer. Saint Giles’s 
disease, cancer. Saint Gothard’s disease, ankylo¬ 
stomiasis. Saint Guy’s dance, chorea. Saint 

Hubert’s disease, hydrophobia. Saint Ignatius’s 
bean, Ignatia. Saint Jacob’s oil, a proprietary 
liniment said to contain aconite. Saint Job’s dis¬ 
ease, syphilis. Saint John’s bread = CAROB. Saint 
John’s dance, chorea. Saint John’s evil, epilepsy. 
Saint John Long’s liniment = Linimentum tere- 
BiNTHiN.® ACETicuM. Saint Kilda cold = 
Strangers’ cold. Saint Lazarus’s disease, lep¬ 
rosy; hog^measles. Saint Lucia bark = Carib¬ 
bean BARK. Saint Main’s evil, itch. Saint Mar¬ 
tin’s evil, drunkenness. Saint Mathurin’s disease, 
insanity; epilepsy. Saint Modestus’s disease, 
chorea. Saint Roch’s disease, bubo. Saint 
Sement’s disease, syphilis. Saint Thomas’s bal¬ 
sam, balsam of Tolu. Saint Valentine’s disease, 
epilepsy. Saint Vitus’s dance = chore.\. Saint 
Vitus’s dance of the voice, stammering. Saint 
Zachary’s disease, dumbness. 

sa-ji'na. A preparation from the Morin'ga ptery- 
gosper'ma: used in dyspepsia and rheumatism. 

sa'jo-din, sa-i'o-dine. The calcium salt of mono* 
iodobehenic acid, containing about J iodine, and 
used like potassium iodide. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 

sak6, sakee, saki (sak'ke). A Japanese alcoholic 
beverage or ricesbeer. 

sal, gen. sa'lis. i. A salt. 2. Sea=salt. 3. Any¬ 
thing like salt. S. absin'thii, potassium carbo¬ 
nate. S. acetosel'la, potassium binoxalate (gen¬ 
erally oxalic acid is meant). S. aera'tus, sodium 
bicarbonate (formerly potassium bicarbonate). 
S. al'embroth = alembroth. S. ama'rum, mag¬ 
nesium sulphate. S. ammo'niac = ammonii 
CHLOR iDUM*. S. ammoni'acum martia'le, iron 
ammonioschloride. S. ammoni'acum secre'tum 
glaube'ri, ferrous sulphate. S. ammoni'acum 
vola'tile, ammonium, carbonate. S. ammoni'acus, 
ammonium chloride. S. an'glicum, “English 
salt,” magnesium sulphate. S. aperiti'vum, sodi¬ 
um sulphate. S. argen'ti, silver nitrate. S. ar'- 
tis, a mixture of mercuric and ammonium 
chlorides. S. Ben'jamin or ben'zoin, benzoic 
acid. S. caroli'num facti'tium, the N. F. name 
for artificial Carlsbad salt, containing in 100 
parts: dried sodium sulphate, 44 parts; sodium 
bicarbonate, 36 parts; sodium chloride, 18 parts; 
and potassium phosphate, 2 parts. S. cathar'- 
ticus ama'rus (anglica'nus), “bitter (English) 
cathartic salt,” magnesium sulphate. S. cathar'- 
ticus glaube'ri, “cathartic salt of Glauber,” sodi¬ 
um sulphate, S. chal'ybis, iron sulphate. S. 


SALA’S CELLS 


847 


SALICYLHYDRIDE 


commu'nis, “common salt”=soDii chloridum*, 
S. cor'nu cer'vi, “ salt of hartshorn,” ammonium 
carbonate. S. culina're, sodium chloride. S. de 
duo'bus, potassium sulphate. S. diuret'icus, 
“diuretic salt,” potassium acetate. S. duplica'- 
tus, potassium sulphate. S- enix'um, potassium 
bisulphate. S. essen'tiale tarta'ri, tartaric acid. 
S. ethyl, ethyl salicylate, the salicylic acid ester 
of ethyl alcohol. Dose, 3 to 6 Cc. (5 to 10 mins.). 
[H J• A. M. A. ij. ’06.] S. fos'silis, sodium chloride. 
S. fulig'inis, ammonium carbonate. S. gem'mae, 
sodium chloride. S. glaube'ri, sodium sulphate. 
S. kis'singen facti'tium, the N. F. name for arti¬ 
ficial Kissingen salt, a powder composed of 
potassium chloride, 17 parts; sodium chloride, 
357 parts; magnesium sulphate (anhydrous), 59 
parts; and sodium bicarbonate, 107 parts. S. 
lac'tis, milk*sugar. S. mari'num, sea^salt. S. 
mar'tis, ferrous sulphate. S. microcos'micum = 
MiCROCosMic SALT. S. Hiirab'ile glaube'ri, sodium 
sulphate. S. mirab'ile perla'tum, sodium phos¬ 
phate. S. ni'tri, potassium nitrate. S. os'sium, 
ammonium carbonate. S. panchres'tum, potas¬ 
sium tartrate. S. pe'trae, potassium nitrate. 
S. polychres'tus glase'ri = polychrestssalt. S. 
prunelle (prd-nel). i. =Potassii nitras*. 2. 
Potassium nitrate fused with sulphur. S. rupel- 
len'sis* Rochelle salt. S. ru'pium, rock-salt. S. 
sapien'tiae or scien'tiae, sal alembroth. S. satur'ni, 
lead acetate. S. sedati'vus homber'gi, boric acid. 
S. seignette (sen-y^t), potassium and sodium tar¬ 
trate. S. Senner'ti, potassium acetate. S. sodae, 
sodium carbonate. S. succi'ni, succinic acid. 
S. tar'tari, potassium carbonate. S. tar'tari essen- 
tia'le, tartaric acid. S. uri'nae, sodium phosphate. 
S. vegeta'bile, potassium tartrate. S. vichya'num 
facti'tium, the N. F. name for artificial Vichy salt, 
a powder composed of sodium bicarbonate, 846 
parts; magnesium sulphate (anhydrous) and 
potassium carbonate, each, 38.5 parts; and 
sodium chloride, 77 parts. S. vi'tae, sal alembroth. 
S. vitri'oli, zinc sulphate. S. volat'ile, ammo¬ 
nium carbonate. S. vomito'rium vitri'oli, zinc sul¬ 
phate. [< (iAf salt.] 

Sala’s cells. Cells of stellate connective tissue in 
the network of fibers which form the sensory 
nerve=endings in the pericardium. [^1 G. ’07.] 
sa-laam' convulsion or spasm. = Nodding spasm. 
sal-ac'e-tin. A proprietary remedy said to consist 
of acetanilide, 43 parts; sodium bicarbonate, 21 
parts; and sodium salicylate, 20 parts, 
sal-ac'e-tol. A crystalline compound of salicylic 
acid and acetone, proposed as a substitute for 
salicylates and salol; salicylacetol; salantol. It 
is antirheumatic. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 
sal-ac'i-ty. Abnormal sexual desire, is* Nympho¬ 
mania; SATYRIASIS. fsal-a'ci ous. 
sa-lac'tol. A preparation of sodium salicylate, 
sodium lactate, and hydrogen peroxide solution, 
applied in diphtheria with a brush or spray, 
sal-a-man'da-rin, sal-a-man'de-rin, sal-a-man'- 
drine. A poisonous compound, Cg^HgoNjOg, de¬ 
rived from the warts on the salamander’s skin. 
sal'a-man-der*s blood. Fuming nitric acid, 
sal-am'ide. A derivative of salicylic acid closely re¬ 
sembling it but acting more vigorously, 
sal-an'tol. =Salacetol. 

sal-a'zo-lon. A substance that seems chemically 
identical with salipyrine. 
sal-bo'rol. A compound of boric acid and phenyl* 
salicylate: antirheumatic, 
sal-bro'ma-lide. = Antinervine. 


sal'da-nine. An alkaloid said to be from the Mex¬ 
ican plant Datu'ra arbo'reum: a local anaesthetic, 
sa'len. A preparation of glycocholic and salicylic 
acid used externally in rheumatism, 
sa'lep. The tubers of several species of orchids: 
used as a food, and regarded as nervine and 
aphrodisiac. They are very mucilaginous; 4 
grains are sufficient to make i fluidounce of 
water gelatinous. Otahei'te s., arrowroot of 
Tahiti. R. ’05.] [< Arab, sahleb.] 

sal-e-ra'tus, sal-se-ra'tus. Crude sodium or potas¬ 
sium bicarbonate. 

sal'fene. A proprietary antispasmodic, analgesic, 
and antiseptic. 

sal-hyp'none. A benzoylmethylsalicylic ester, CgH^- 
0(C0CgH5)C00CH3: used as antiseptic, 
sahic-a-mar'. A glycerol ether of glycerosalicylic 
acid: stomachic and antirheumatic, 
sal'i-cin. =Salicinum*. 

sal-i-ci'num*. A glucoside, CjgHjgO^, obtained from 
several species of Salix and Populus; salicin: 
antipyretic, antirheumatic, and tonic. Dose, i 
Gm. (15 grs.). [L.] 

sal'i-col. A proprietary antiseptic cosmetic of sali¬ 
cylic acid, methyl alcohol, and oil of wintergreen 
in water. 

sal'i-cule. Salicyl. 

sal'i-cyl. The hypothetical radical, CyHgOg, from 
which salicylic acid is derived. S. acetate, aceto- 
salicylic anhydride, C2Hg.0.C7H5020 [If G. ’07.] 
S. aldehyde, r. A derivative of helicin. [H R- 
’05.] 2. =Salicylal. S.sanilide = salifebrin. 

S.sanilidbromacetanilid = antinervine. S.screo- 
sote, a paste made of creosote, salicylic acid, 
cerate, and wax: prescribed in skin diseases by 
Unna. [Tf G. ’07.] S.sp=phenetidin = malacin. 
S.squinine salicylate = saloquinine salicylate. 
S.sresorcinol, an antipyretic, analgesic, and anti¬ 
septic, CjgHjgO^, obtained by heat from salicylic 
acid and resorcinol. Dose, 0.32 to i.o Gm. (5 to 
15 grs.). S. urate, a salt of salicyluric acid, 
sahi-cyl-ac'e-tol. =Salacetol. 
sa-lic'y-lage. Food preservation by salicylic acid, 
sal'i-cyl-al. A colorless, fragrant, oily substance, 
C7Hg02, found in the flowers of various species of 
Spircea, and made by oxidizing salicin, saligenin, 
etc.; salicyl aldehyde; salicylol; salicyl hydride; 
salicylic aldehyde; salicylous acid, 
salicyl-a-methylphenylhydrazone. = Agathin. 
saM-cyl-am'ide. A substance, C7H7NO2, obtained 
by the action of ammonia on methyl salicylate. 
It is antiseptic, and possesses other properties of 
salicylic acid. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). 
sal'i-cyl-ase. An animal enzyme oxidizing salicyl 
aldehyde to salicylic acid, 
sal'i-cyl-ate. A salt of salicylic acid, i^ Ammonii 

SALICYLAS*. LITHII SALICYLAS*, METHYLIS SALI- 
CYLAS*, PHENYLIS SALICYLAS*, PH YSOSTIGMIN.E 
SALICYLAS*, QUININE SALICYLAS*, SODII SALI* 

CYLAS*, and strontii salicylas*. Betanaph- 
thol s. = BETOL. R. ’05.] Bismuth s., 
BISMUTH. Naphthol s. = betol. [If G. ’07.] 
Phenyl s. = salol. 

sal'i-cy-la-ted. Treated or impregnated with sali¬ 
cylic acid, as 5 . gauze or cotton: used for anti¬ 
septic surgical dressings. S. camphor, an antisep¬ 
tic preparation made by heating together 66 parts 
of salicylic acid with 84 parts of camphor: solid 
when cold, tsal'i-cyl-a'tion. 
saFi-cyl-bro-man'i-lide. = Antinervine. 
sal*i-cyl-guai'a-col. = Gu ai acolsalol, 
sal*i-cyl-hy'dride. =Salicylal. 


SALICYLIC 


848 


SALIVA 


sal-i-cyl'ic. Relating to or derived from willow or 
salicyl. S. acid, a monobasic organic acid, HC-- 
H5O3, existing naturally in combination in various 
plants, as Gaulthe'ria, but usually prepared syn¬ 
thetically from phenol; orthohydroxybenzoic 
acid; acidum salicylicum*. It occurs as a bulky 
white, crystalline powder, or in prismatic needles, 
light, fine, and white. It is antiseptic and anti¬ 
pyretic and used chiefly in rheumatism and gout. 
An overdose has powerful depressing effects. 
Dose, 0.5 Gm. (74 grs.). Among the derivatives 
used medicinally are acetopyrine (antipyrine 
calicylacetate), aspirin (acetysalicylic acid), di¬ 
aspirin (salicyl succinate), diplosal (salicylo- 
salicylic acid), malakin (salicylparaphenetidin), 
sodium salicylate, novaspirin (methylenecitryl- 
salicylic acid), pyramidon salicylate (dimethyl- 
amidoantipyrine salicylate), saloquinine salicyl¬ 
ate, salipyrine (antipyrine salicylate), saloquinine 
(quinine salicylate), salocoll (phenocoll salicyl¬ 
ate), salol, and salophen (acetylparaminophenyl 
salicylate). S. acid glycerolester, an antirheu¬ 
matic remedy. S. alcohol = saligenin. S. al¬ 
dehyde = sALicYLiDE. S. amide = salicylam- 
iDE. S. anhydride = SALicYLAL. S. cream, an 
antiseptic mixture of glycerin, phenol, and sali¬ 
cylic acid. S. ether, an ether formed by the 
combination of salicylic acid with an alcohol 
radical. S. fermentation, fermentation produced 
in salicin by ptyalin and emulsin, resulting in the 
production of glucose and saligenin. S. naphthyl- 
ic ester = BETOL. S. phenylester = salol. S. 
silk, silk waste impregnated with a little glycerin 
and 10% salicylic acid: used as a dressing. S. 
thymolsester, thymol acetate. S. wool, cotton 
impregnated with equal parts of glycerin and 
salicylic acid, 4 to 10% each. [< L. sa'lix willow 
matter or material.] 

sal'i-cyl-ide. A white, amorphous substance, C7H4- 
O2, the anhydride of salicylic acid. S.sphenetidin 

= MALACIN. 

sal'i-cyl-ism. Poisoning from salicylates. It causes 
chiefly dyspnoea or delirium with hallucinations, 
sal'i-cyl-ize. To bring under the influence of or to 
treat with salicylic acid, 
sal'i-cyl-ol or sal'i-cyl-ous acid. = Salicylal. 
sahi-cyl-re-sor’ci-nol-ke'tone. An antiseptic and 
antipyretic; tri*oxybenzophenone. Dose, 0.3 to 
I Gm. (5 to 15 grs.). 

sal*i-cyl-sul-phon'ic or saPi-cyl-sul-phur'ic acid. A 

crystalline substance used as a test for proteids, 
which it precipitates; sulphosalicylic acid, 
sal-i-cyl-u'ric acid. An acid found in urine after 
the ingestion of salicylic acid, 
sal-i-feb'rin. A white permanent powder, 

NO2; salicylanilid: used as an antineuralgic and 
antipyretic. Dose, 0.3 to i Gm. (5 to 15 grs.). 
sa-lif'er-ous. Saltsproducing. 

sal'i-fi-a-ble. Having the property of forming a 
salt by combination with an acid, fsal-i-fi-ca'- 
tion. 

sal-i-for'min. Hexamethylenetetramine salicylate; 
urotropin salicylate. A genito=urinary antiseptic 
and uric*acid solvent. Dose, 0.3 to 2.0 Gm. (5 
to 30 grs.). 

sal-i-gal'lol. A resinous solid, sold as a 33% solu¬ 
tion in acetone; pyrogallol disalicylate: used 
chiefly as a vehicle for dermic preparations, 
sa-lig'e-nin, sa-lig'e-nol. A substance, C^HgOg = 
CgH4(OH) (CH2.OH), which with glucose forms 
salicin: antirheumatic and antipodagric. Dose, 
0.5 to I Gm. (8 to 15 grs.). 


sal-i-men'thol. A menthyl ester of salicylic acid 
which is decomposed in the intestines, 
sa-lim'e-ter. A hydrometer for determining the 
strength of saline solutions. 

sal-i-naph'thol. =Betol. 

sa'line or sa-line'. i. Belonging to or resembling 
salt ; salty. 2. A cathartic inorganic salt, espe¬ 
cially a sulphate. S. cathartics, salty purgatives, 
which act by osmosis. S. diuretics, salts (such 
as those of sodium, potassium, and lithium) which 
act as diuretics by carrying water to the blood. S. 
infiltration, the deposition of various salts in the 
tissues. S. injections or infusions are either in¬ 
travenous or subcutaneous and have been recom¬ 
mended in diabetic coma. Common salt, 4 Gm., 
to a litre of distilled water, is efficacious as a sub¬ 
cutaneous injection in cholera, ts- Salt solution. 
[H O. ’06.] S. purgative, a salt with purgative 
properties, such as magnesium or sodium sul¬ 
phate. S. solution = SALT SOLUTION. S. waters, 
(^MINERAL W.\TERS; ScHOTT’s METHOD. 

sal-i-nig'rin. A substance from the bark of Sa'lix 
ni'gra said to be a glucoside. G. ’03.] , 

sal-i-py'rine, sal-i-py-raz'o-lon. A crystalline sub¬ 
stance, CigHjgNoO^, or antipyrine salicylate. It 
is antipyretic, and used in rheumatism, neuralgia, 
etc. The toxic symptoms are tachycardia, dys¬ 
pnoea, flushing of face, sweating, sense of impend¬ 
ing death, etc. Dose, 0.3 to i Gm. (5 to 15 grs.). 
sal-i-re'tin. A yellowishswhite resinous substance, 
CJ4HJ4O3, formed by treatmg saligenin or salicin 
with dilute acid. 

Salisbury’s method or treatment (solz'b^-rtz). A 
treatment of obesity consisting in the use of 
large amounts of beef (finely chopped preferred), 
and codfish, preceded by draughts of hot water, 
sal'it. A proprietary preparation consisting chiefly 
of the salicylic=acid ester of borneol: an external 
antiseptic and antineuralgic. [Tf J. A. M.A. j. ’09.] 
sal-i-tan'nol. A condensation*product, Cj4H,(,07, of 
gallic and salicylic acids, insoluble in ether, 
water, benzol, and chloroform, but slightly solu¬ 
ble in alcohol: a surgical antiseptic, 
sal-i-thy'mol. A white, crystalline, antiseptic pow¬ 
der; thymol salicylate, 
sal-i-to'ni a. A proprietary saline tonic, 
sa-li'va*. The mixed secretion of the mouth; spit¬ 
tle ; spit; the colorless ropy fluid secreted by the 
parotid, sublingual, submaxillary, and buccal 
glands contained within the mucous membrane 
of the mouth. s^Ptyalo-; salivary. It con¬ 
sists of an alkaline fluid containing globulin, 
mucin, serum=albumin, and certain salts; also 
various suspended matters, as leucocytes (so* 
called SALIVARY corpuscles) and epithelial 
cells. Potassium sulphocyanate is generally 
present. Bacteria may be present. Saliva has 
a specific gravity of from 1002 to 1008; 5 to 10 
parts per 1000 are of solids; from 300 to 1500 
grammes are secreted daily. The saliva moistens 
the tongue and mouth, softening and lubricating 
the food, thus aiding in mastication and degluti¬ 
tion. Only soluble substances excite the sense 
of taste. It forms tartar and salivary calculi. It 
also converts starch into maltose by means of 
the diastatic enzyme, ptyalin. The salivas se¬ 
creted by the various salivary glands are dis¬ 
tinguished as Lingual, Parotid, Sublingual, and 
Submaxillary, and differ somewhat in character. 
Chorda s., saliva secreted by the submaxillary 
gland on stimulation of the chorda tympani 
nerve. S.sejector = dental pump. Ganglionic 



SALIVANT 


849 


SALPING- 


s., saliva produced by irritating the submaxillary 
gland. S.spump = dental pump. Sympathetic 
s., saliva secreted by the submaxillary gland on 
stimulation of the sympathetic nerves. [L. allied 
to aia^Mv.] 

sal'i-vant. Exciting an increased flow of the saliva; 
salivating. [< L. saliva're to salivate.] 

sal'i-va-ry, sa-li'val. Producing or relating to saliva; 
formed from saliva. [< L. saliva'rius.] S. albu¬ 
min = ptyalin. Buccal s. papilla, the promi¬ 
nence in the cheek at the opening of the duct of 
the parotid gland. S. calculus, a concretion con¬ 
sisting of calcium and magnesium carbonates and 
calcium phosphate, sometimes found in the sali¬ 
vary glands or their ducts. S. corpuscles, small, 
spherical cells found in the saliva. They are leu¬ 
cocytes, derived from the adenoid tissues of the 
oral cavity, which have become swollen by the 
action of the saliva. S. diastase = ptyalin. S. 
digestion, the conversion of starchy bodies into 
saccharine substances by ptyalin. S. ducts, the 
ducts of the salivary glands, including Stenson’s 
duct, Wharton’s duct, Bartholin’s duct, and the 
rivinian ducts. S. fistula, an abnormal opening 
into the excretory duct of a salivary gland. S. 
fiux, salivation. Abdominal s. gland = pancreas. 
S. glands, the parotid, submaxillary, sublingual, 
and buccal glands. S. tubes of Pfiiiger, the inter¬ 
lobular ducts of the salivary glands 

sal-i-va'tion. An excessive flow of the saliva due 
to reflex action upon the salivary nerves in bul¬ 
bar paralysis, stomatitis, lyssa, etc., or produced 
by medicines; sialorrhoea; ptyalism. Psychics., 
general disorder and debility from loss of oxi¬ 
dases due to excessive expectoration. [< L. 
saliva'iio, fr. sali'va spittle.] fsal'i-vate. sal'i-va- 
tor, an agent which produces salivation, sal'i- 
va-to-ry, stimulating salivary secretion; salivant. 

sal'i-vin. = Ptyalin. 

sal*i-vo-li-thi'a-sis. The forming of salivary calculi. 
[< S.YLivA*-h Atdog stone.] 

Sa'lix. A genus of salicaceous trees and shrubs, 
nearly all species of which contain salicinum*; 
willow. [L.] 

SalkowskisLudwig method (sal-cdv'sci-lud'vtcii). A 
method of determining uric acid by precipitating 
it by a solution of silver ammonionitrate and 
ammonium and magnesium chlorides. 

Salkowski’s modification of HoppesSeyler’s test for 
CO in the blood, (sal-cov'sciz). Add 20 volumes 
of water and an equal quantity of a solution of 
sodium hydroxide of a specific gravity of 1.34, to 
the blood. The mixture soon becomes milky if 
carbon monoxid be present, changing to bright 
red. Red flakes collect on the surface if allowed 
to stand. A dirty brown coloration is seen if 
normal blood be treated in this way. [T[ G. ’07.] 
S.’s reaction for cholesterin, the substance is dis¬ 
solved in chloroform, and an equal volume of 
sulphuric acid added. The cholesterin solution 
changes gradually from the bluish red first seen 
to a violet red; while the appearance of the sul¬ 
phuric acid is red, with a green fluorescence. 
S.’s test for indol, a few drops of nitric acid are 
added to the solution suspected to contain indol, 
and then a 2% solution of potassium nitrite is 
added, drop by drop. A red color evidences the 
presence of indol, and, finally, a nitrosoindol 
nitrate occurs as a red precipitate. [Ernst Leo¬ 
pold Salkowski, German physician, 1844- .] 

sal'len-ders. A scab form of eczema about the 
knee and forefoot of a horse; mallenders. 

54 


Salle’s (de) line. == Nasal furrow. 
sal'lis. — Adeps*. 

sal'low. Pale; pallid; yellowish; having a sickly 
color. [< F. sale dirty'.] 
sal'ly. =Salix. 

sal'lysswitch fracture. Greenstick fracture, 
sal'mi-ac. =Ammonii chloridum*. 
sal'mine. A protamine obtained from fishssperm. 
saFmon disease, Saprolegnia ferox. S. patch, 
a dull redscolored patch formed in the cornea 
from ciliary'^ injection in interstitial keratitis. 
SalmoneFla. A class of bacteria typified by Ba¬ 
cillus SALMONI. 

sal-mon'ic acid. A reddish, fatty substance found 
in the red muscles of certain kinds of salmon. 
Sal'mon’s backscut or operation. =Back*cut of 
Salmon. 

sa'lo. A proprietary deodorizer and disinfectant, 
sal'o-chin-ine. = Saloquinine. 
sal'o-coll. A proprietary combination of salicylic 
acid and phenocoll. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
sal-o-cre'ol. A derivative of beechstar creosote 
phenols by means of salicylic acid: used in ery¬ 
sipelas, rheumatism, and gout, 
sal'ol. The 1890 U. S. P. name for phenylis sali- 
CYLAS*, CjgHjoO^, a white, crystalline powder; 
phenyl salicylate; phenol salicylate; phenylic 
ether of salicylic acid. It is a substitute for sali¬ 
cylic acid in rheumatism, etc., and locally an 
antiseptic in gonorrhoea and ozaena, etc.; also 
pharmaceutically, fused at a low temperature, to 
coat pills. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (74 grs.). S. camphor, 
a local anaesthetic, a mixture of salol and 
camphor. S. sulphoricinate, the salol salt of 
sulphoricinic acid: used as a local application in 
diphtheria. S. test = SiEWER’s test. Tribro¬ 
mide s. = coRDOL. tsa-lol'ism, poisoning with 
salol, i. e., combined salicylism and carbolism. 
Sal'o-mon’s test. Esbach’s test for albumin in the 
stomach*washings after 24 hours without proteid 
food: a sign of ulcerative cancer. [1 Gt. ’09.] 
sa-loop'. Sassafras tea. 
saFop. =Salep. 

sal'o-phen. A crystalline substance, C15HJ3NO4; 
the salicylic ester of acetaminophenol: used like 
salol. Dose, 0.3 to i Gm. (s to 15 grs.); exter¬ 
nally in a 10% ointment. 

sal-o-quin'ine. The salicylic ester of quinine, con¬ 
taining 73.1% quinine; salochinine: used instead 
of quinine. Dose, 0.5 to 2 Gm. (8 to 30 grs.). S. 
salicylate, a tasteless white powder; salicylate of 
the salicylic acid ester of quinine; rheumatin. 
Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). 

sal-o-san'tal. A solution of phenyl salicylate, 33%, 
in oil of sandabwood. to which is added a little 
oil of peppermint: indicated in prostatitis, cysti¬ 
tis, etc. Dose, 10 to 20 drops, 
sal-ping'-, sal-pin'go-. Relating to the fallopian 
tube or to the eustachian tube: a combining 
form, f < on'kiziy^ tube.] sal-pin-gec'to-my, ex¬ 
cision or cutting out of one {single s.) or both 
{double s.) oviducts.— sal-pin-gem-phrax'is, ob¬ 
struction of the eustachian tube or the oviduct. 
— sal-pin'gi an, belonging to the fallopian or to 
the eustachian tube, as 5 . dropsy, dropsy of the 
fallopian tube.— sal-pin'gi on, a craniometrical 
point situated at the apex of the petrous bone 
on the inferior surface.— sal-pin-gi'tis. i. In¬ 

flammation of the oviduct, always in conjunc¬ 
tion with oophoritis and therefore more cor¬ 
rectly called salpingo*o6phoritis. Specially 
named varieties are Chronic parenchymatous (=» 


SALPINX 


850 


SALUDADOR 


pachysalpingitis), Chronic vegetating, Hem¬ 
orrhagic ( = HAEMATOSALPINX), INTERSTITIAL, 
IsTHMic, Mural (= pachysalpingitis). Nodu¬ 
lar, Parenchymatous, Pneumococcous, Pseu- 
DOFOLLicuLAR, and Tuberculous. S. pro'fluens, 
a form in which the discharge is evacuated after 
having been locked up in the tube for a time. 2. 
Inflammation of the eustachian tube.— sal-pin*- 
go-cath'e-ter-ism, application of the catheter to 
the eustachian tube.— sal-pin'go-cele, hernia of 
the fallopian tube.— sal-pin’go-cy-e'sis, tubal 
pregnancy.— sal-pin-go-mal'le us, the tensor tym- 
pani muscle.— sal-pin-go-na'sal fold, the fold of 
mucous membrane extending from the opening 
of the eustachian tube to the posterior nares.— 
sal-pin-goso*oph-o-rec'to-my, -o*va-ri-ot'o-my, 
removal of the oviduct and the ovary.— sal-pin- 
gosO'6ph-o-ri'tis, sal-pin-goso-va-ri'tis, inflamma¬ 
tion of the oviduct and the ovary.— sal-pin*gos 
o-o-phor'o-cele, hernial protrusion of the oviduct 
and ovary.— sal-pin*go-pal'a-tal fold, the fold of 
mucous membrane over the levator palati muscle; 
plica salpingopalatina*. — sal-pin*go-per-i-to-ni'- 
tis, inflammation of the peritoneal covering of the 
oviduct.— sal-pin'go-pex-y, a fixative operation on 
the fallopian tube.— sal-pin‘go-pha-ryn'ge al, per¬ 
taining to the pharynx and eustachian tube.— 
sal-pin'go-phar-yn-ge'us, the muscle arising from 
the mouth of the eustachian tube and joining 
the pharyngeal constrictors; M. salpingopharyn- 
geus*. — sal-pin-go-pter'y-goid ligament, a slip of 
the buccopharyngeal fascia between the spine of 
the sphenoid and the hamular process.— sal-pin- 
gor'rha-phy, suture of the fallopian tube.— sal- 
pin'go-scope, a modified form of cystoscope pro¬ 
vided with a lowsvoltage electric lamp for explor¬ 
ing the nasopharynx.— sal-pin'go-staph'y-line, 
relating to the eustachian tube and the uvula.— 
sal-pin*go-staph-y-li'nus, the tensor palati mus¬ 
cle; sphenosalpingostaphylinus. S. internus, the 
levator palati muscle; petrosalpingostaphylinus. 

— sal-pin'go-sto-mat'o-my, the operation of form¬ 
ing a new abdominal ostium by resecting a portion 
of the oviduct.— sal-pin-gos'to-my, the surgical 
operation of making an artificial fistula to connect 
the oviduct with the exterior of the body.— sal- 
pin-got'o-my, the surgical incision into the oviduct. 

— sal-pin-gys'te-ro-cy-e'sis, pregnancy or fetation 
partly in the oviduct and partly in the uterus. 

sal'pinx (sarpfngcs). i. The eustachian tube. 2. 
The oviduct. [< oaXirty^ trumpet or tube.] 

sal-py'rine. =Salipyrine. 

sal'se-dine. A variety of pellagra. [T[ Lt. ’08.] 

sal-se'do. Saltness. S. mu'crum = potassii ni- 
TRAS*. f< L. sal'sus salted.] 

sal-se-par'in. =Parillin. 

salt. I. Sodium chloride, or common salt. 2. A 
compound, in definite proportions, of an acid 
with a base or a radical. 3. In the plural, a 
popular name for any aperient or cathartic 
mineral salt, especially Epsom, Glauber’s or 
Rochelle salts, ts- Sal. Among the specially 
named varieties of salt are Acid, Alkaline (= 
basic), Aperient of Frederick (=sodii sulphas*). 
Bakers’, Basic, Bay, Carlsbad (t^SAL caroli- 
NUM pactitium). Common (=sodii chloridum*). 
Crab Orchard, Diuretic (=potassii acetas*). 
Double, Epsom (= magnesii sulphas*), Ev- 
eritt’s, Fruit, Gettysburg, Glauber's (=so- 
Dii SULPHAS*), Halogen or haloid, Herapaih's 
(= herapathite), Kissingen (t^SAL kissingen 
factitium), Microcosmic, Neutral or Normal, 


POLYCHREST*, PrESTON’S, Rochelle ( = POTASSII 
ET soDii T.\RTRAS*), RocK, Secondary (= neu¬ 
tral), Smelling*, and Vichy (t^ sal vichyanum 
factitium). S. cake, crude sodium sulphate. 
S.sfrog, a frog the blood of whose vascular system 
has been artificially removed and been replaced 
by a normal salt solution; Cohnheim’s frog. S. of 
bone, ammonium carbonate. S. of colcothar, 
sulphate of iron. S. fever. Monatsschr. f. Kin- 
derheilk. ’10.] Ss. of hartshorn = smelling* 
SALTS. S. of lemons, i. Oxalic acid combined 
with potash; acid oxalate of potassium or salt 
of sorrel ; Essential s. of lemons: employed to re¬ 
move iron stains from linen. 2. Crystallized 
citric acid. S. rheum, a popular name for various 
cutaneous diseases or eruptions, especially of the 
herpetic and eczematous forms. S. of Riverius, 
potassium citrate. S. of Saturn, lead acetate. 
S. of seignette = POTASSii et sodii tartras*. 
S.ssickness, a starved condition due to pastures 
of inferior vegetation, as wire grass, upon which 
animals are grazed. S. of soda, sodium carbonate. 
S. solution, a solution of sodium chloride in dis¬ 
tilled water. Such a solution is called normal 
or physiological when it contains about 0.85% of 
salt. Infusions of salt solution are given to restore 
to the system fluids lost by profuse hemorrhage or 
by severe diarrhoea. Sore=throat s. = potassii 
N iTRAS*. R.’05.] S. of sorrel, i. = Potas¬ 
sium BINOXALATE. 2. ^ S. OF LEMONS. Spirit 
of ss. = HYDROCHLORIC ACID. S. Starvation, a 
treatment of epilepsy in which the amount of 
sodium chloride consumed by the patient is 
reduced by one*half or more; hypochlorization. 
S. of tartar, pure potassium carbonate. S. of 
tin, tin chloride. S. of urine, ammonium carbo¬ 
nate. S. of vitriol, zinc sulphate. S.=water bath 
= BRINE BATH. S. of wormwood, a potash pre¬ 
pared from the ashes of wormwood. S. of wisdom 
= ALEMBROTH. [ < L. sal; F. sel salt.] 
sal'tans. Dancing. S. ro'sa, urticaria. [L.] 
sal-ta'tion. Chorea, or the dancing which some¬ 
times accompanies it. Dancing mania. [< 
L. salta'tio, fr. salta're to dance or jump.] fsal'- 
ta-to-ry, sal-ta-to'ric, as 5 . spasm, clonic spasm 
of the leg muscles, producing a peculiar springing 
or jumping motion in the patient; dancing spasm, 
salt'ed. Denoting animals that have recovered from 
the South African horse=sickness. S. plasma, 
the plasma of the blood in a non*coagulated con¬ 
dition, the coagulation being delayed by the ad¬ 
dition of neutral salts. 

Sal'ter’s incremental lines. = Incremental lines. 

S.’s swing, a movable swing for fractured leg. 
salt-pe'tre. = Potassii nitras*. Chile s,, cubic ni¬ 
tre ; sodium nitrate. [< L. sal sddX-kpe'tra rock.] 
salts. =Salt, def. 3. 
sal'u-a-ble iron. A proprietary remedy, 
sal'u-brin. A preparation said to contain alcohol, 
50%; acetic ether, 25%; anhydrous acetic acid, 
2% ; remainder distilled water. It is hemostatic, 
astringent, and antiseptic: used on compresses, 
and as a gargle diluted with water, 
sa-lu'bri-ty. Wholesomeness; healthfulness; the 
quality of being salubrious, fsa-lu'bri ous. 
sal'u-brol. An orange*yellow powder, C23H24O2N4- 
Br^; methylenediantipyrine tetrabromide: used 
like iodoform. 

saludador (sa-lfi-dha-dhor'). A term applied in 
Spain to a person professing to be able, by 
means of mysterious natural powers, to restore 
health. [Sp., “ a healer.”] 


SALUFER 


851 


SANG 


sal'u-fer. A solution of sodium silicofluoride; anti¬ 
septic and astringent. 

saFu-min. An antiseptic powder, of a reddish* 
white color, used in nasal and pharyngeal dis¬ 
eases; aluminum salicylate: termed Insoluble 
when pure and Soluble when ammoniated. 
sal'u-sol. A proprietary antiseptic; astringent and 
germicide; a compound spirit of acetic ether, 
sal-u-ta'ri um. A health*resort. 
sal'u-ta-ry. Healthy; wholesome; favorable to 
health. [< L. saluta'ris, fr. sa'lus health.] 
sal'var-san. The proprietary name for arseno- 
benzol. Six*hundredsandssix preparation. 
sal-va-tel'la. A small vein of the dorsum of the 
hand and little finger. 

sal-va'tion surgeryT = Conservative surgery. 
salve. = Ointment ; UNGUENTUM*. k^Deshler’s 
s.; fetron. S. mull, an ointment of a high melt¬ 
ing point spread on mull or gauze, and faced by a 
protective as paraffin paper; plaster mull; un- 
guentum externum. S. pencil, ointment in the 
shape of a stick or pencil. [ < A. S. sealf ointment.] 
sal've ol. A solution of sodium 
creosotate in cresol, used as an 
antiseptic. 

Sal'vi a*, i. Sage, a genus of labi¬ 
ate plants. 2. The U. S. P. 
name for the dried leaves of S. 
offictna'lis. They are astrin¬ 
gent, aromatic, and tonic. 

Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). S. lyra'- 
ta, a North American species, 
the juice of whose leaves has 
been used to destroy warts and 
cancerous growths; meadow* 
sage. 

sal'vi ol. A liquid compound, CjoHjgO, found in the 
volatile oil of salvia. 

Salvio'li’s micrococcus. = Diplococcus pneu¬ 
monia. 

Sal'zer’s operation. Excision of the whole of the 
third division of the fifth nerve. 

Samade'ra in'dica. A species of simarubaceous 
trees furnishing niepa bark, from which is ob¬ 
tained sam-a-de'rin, a bitter principle, quicken¬ 
ing respiration and paralyzing voluntary muscle, 
sa-man'da-rin. A toxic alkaloid obtained from the 
skin of various salamanders, fsam-an-da'ri-din, 
an alkaloid less poisonous than samandarin. 
sa-ma'rium. A metallic element; at. wt. 148.9: 

symb. Sm (Sa). ^Elements, table of. 
Sambu'cus. i. A genus of caprifoliaceous plants; 
elder. 2. The 1890 U. S. P. name for the flowers 
of S. canaden'sis, which are sudorific, as are also 
the berries. In syphilis and rheumatism the lat¬ 
ter are used as an alterative. A'qua sambu'ci of 
the B. P. is a distillate from an infusion of fresh 
elder flowers and is used as a vehicle. The bark 
of 5. pu'bens or the red berried elder in decoction 
is said to be a valuable hydragogic cathartic. 
From the bark of 5 . ni'gra or European elder a 
proprietary diuretic tincture called sam-bu'cin is 
obtained and from its leaves sam-bu-ni'grin, a 
glucoside. 

samp. Coarselysground maize. Pellagra. 
sam-shiu'. A Chinese spirit from fermented rice. 
Sam'u el’s position. Extreme flexion of the hips 
and knees in difficult labor: believed to widen 
the pelvic outlet. ^ Walcher’s position. S.’s 
theory, the theory that inflammation is due to a 
vascular irritant, the exudation being secondary. 
San Jos6 scale (ho-ze'). A sap*sucking parasite of 


plants introduced into America in 1870 from 
China by way of Japan, 
san'a-ble. Curable. 

sa'nal. A proprietary antiseptic used in surgery. 
Sanarel'li’s bacillus. An organism thought by him 
to cause yellow fever; Bacil'lus icteroi'des. 
san'a-tive. Having a tendency to heal, 
sa-nat'o-gen. A proprietary dietetic of casein and 
sodium phosphoglyceride. Dose, 5 Cc. (i dr.), 
san'a-tol. A proprietary disinfectant and anti¬ 
septic said to contain sulphuric acid and phenol 
esters; Artmann’s creolin. 
san-a-to'lyn. A disinfectant resembling san.\tol. 
san-a-to'ri um, pi. sanatoria or sanatoriums. r®* 
Sanitarium. [< L. sana're to heal.] 
san'a-to-ry. Having power to heal; sanative, 
san'a-tose. A nutritive glycerin phosphate of sodi¬ 
um casein. 

sand. Pulverized rock*substance; fine grains of 
silicic acid in aggregation. [<A. S.] S.sbath. 

1. A receptacle, heated from below, containing 
sand in which glass vessels may be safely heated: 
used for evaporating at a low heat to prevent 
burning a residue. 2. In therapeutics, the im¬ 
mersion of a limb or other affected part in a bath 
of heated sand; balneum arenee. m- Psammo- 
therapy. S.=bodies, a granular substance some¬ 
times occurring in papillomatous masses; corpora 
arenacea. S.sbox tree = Hura brasiliensis. S.s 
burn, skin disease of Texas 
cattle: probably allied to 
TRiFOLiosis. S.scrack, a 
split in the hoof of a horse. 

S.sflea ^r sworm = Pulex 
PENETRANS. S.stumOt = 

Psammoma. 

san'dal=wood. i. The wood of 
San'talum al'bum (yellow or 
white sandahwood), from 
which oil of sandabwood 
(oleum s antali*) is distilled. 

2. =Santalum rubrum*. 
san'da-rac, san'da-rach. A resin from the bark of 

Cal'litris quadrival'vis, a tree of Africa; gum 
juniper: formerly used in ointments and plasters, 
and given internally, now used chiefly as a var¬ 
nish and as incense, [^f R. ’05.] When it is 
treated with alcohol, san-dar'a-cin, a resinous 
substance, is formed. Greek s. = orpiment, red. 
S. varnish, a solution of sandarac in alcohol, used 
in dentistry on plaster casts, 
sand'ed gum. Gum arabic in sand*like powde^. 
San'ders’s sign. The markedly wavy character of 
the heart’s impulse, especially in the epigastric 
region, in adhesion of the pericardium. S. type 
of paranoia, a form of paranoia appearing in 
youth; paranoia originaria. 
san'ders wood. = Sandal*wood. 
san'di-ver. The scum forming on the surface of 
melting glass; glass*gall. 

san'dy sweat. A sweat secretion containing the 
elements of the urine, particularly urea, which 
leaves upon the skin a whitish coating. S. urine, 
urine with a “ sandy ” or crystalline sediment, 
san'dyx. Red lead oxide. 

sane. Of sound mind. [< L. 5a'«z<5 sound, healthy.] 
Sanfeli'ce’s cancer serum. An antitoxic serum 

made by inoculating dogs with poisonous prod¬ 
ucts of cancer (considered to be a saccharomy- 
cosis ). 

San'ford’s mixture. =Chloramyl, def. 2. 
sang. I. Ginseng. 2. Sangaree. 3. Blood. [Fr.] 






SANGAREE 


852 


SANSEVIERA 


sang'-a-ree'. A drink, often prescribed as a tonic, 
containing porter or wine; sang. [ < Sp. sangria.] 
Sang'er’s macula. See as if spelled Saenger. 
Ssangle. = Sigma angle. J. A. M. A. j. ’09.] 

san'go-gen. A proprietary compound of manganese 
and predigested iron albuminate with arsenic 
and strychnine. Dl. ’06.] 
san'go-stol. Liquor calcii iodoferrati. [TI G. ’07.] 
sang're-nal. A cardiac stimulant and tonic and a 
hemostatic and astringent prepared from the ex¬ 
sanguinated adrenal glands of sheep, 
san-gues'tine. A proprietary remedy prepared 
from a principle derived from the suprarenal 
glands. [TI Dl. ’06.] 

san-guic'o-lous. Living in the blood, as a parasite. 

[< L. san'guis hlood+ co'lere to inhabit.] 
san-guif'e-rous. Containing or conveying blood, 
san-gui-fer'rin. A preparation of iron, manganese, 
and haemoglobin in a liquid form, 
san'gui-fi-ca'tion. The formation of blood; the 
conversion of chyle into blood, or of venous into 
arterial blood. 

san-gui-mo'tion. The circulation of the blood. [ < 
L. san'guis + motion.] fsan-gui-mo'to-ry. 
san'gui-nal. Defibrinated and dried fresh blood, so 
prepared as to contain, it is said, 44% of mus- 
cle*albumin and 10% of haemoglobin; recom¬ 
mended in anaemia and chlorosis. 

Sanguina'ria*. i. A genus of papaveraceous plants; 
bloodroot. 2. The U. S. P. name for the dried rhi¬ 
zome of 5 . canaden'sis . It has 
emetic and narcotic proper¬ 
ties. Dose, 0.125 (2 grs.). 

^ Fluidextractum sangui- 

NARI^*; TINCTURA SANGUI- 
NARI.E*. From it are obtained 
san-gui-na'ri in, a proprietary 
expectorant and emetic, and 
san-guin'a-rine. i. A pearly 
alkaloid, C20HJ5NO4, of which 
the nitrate and sulphate are 
also used: stimulant, tonic, ex¬ 
pectorant, and emetic. Dose, 

0.01 Gm. gJ*-)' 2. A pre¬ 

cipitate from the tincture. 

Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). 
san'guine. i. Abounding with 

blood; warm; ardent, as 5 . temperament, an 
active, hopeful disposition, characterized usually 
by a fair complexion, light hair, full muscular 
development, and an active pulse. 2. = San¬ 
guineous. 

san-guin'e-ous. i. Relating to the blood; bloody; 
of the color of blood, ts- Consanguinity. S. 
apoplexy, hemorrhage of the brain. i3-Apoplexy. 
S. cataract, a bloodsclot in the pupillary 
aperture. S. cyst, a cyst containing bloody fluid. 
S. infiltration, extravasation of blood. S. mole 
== fleshy mole. 2. = Sanguine, def. i. 
san'gui-no. A proprietary preparation of blood, 
san-guin'o-form. A therapeutic preparation con¬ 
taining nucleated erythrocytes and haemoglobin, 
said to be obtained from the blood=forming 
organs of embryonic animals: used in anaemia 
and rhachitis. 

san'gui-nol. i. A proprietary liquid prepared from 
petrolate with antiseptics and sanguinaria. 2. A 
darksbrown powder from the blood of calves, 
san-guin'o-lent. Of a blood^red color; bloody, or 
tinged with blood. 

san'guis, gen. san'guinis. = Blood, §. draco'nis 
=;Draqon’s blood. [L.] 


san-gui-suc'tion. The sucking of blood, as by a 
leech. [< L. san'guis blood-f-5w'g^r^ to suck.] 
Sanguisu'ga. The genus Hiru'do, or a subgenus of 
it; a LEECH. S. deco'ra, the American leech. S. 
interrup'ta, an African species used in medi¬ 
cine. S. medicina'lis (oflBcina'lis), a European 
species of leech; hiru'do medicina'lis (officina'lis). 

Leech. S. troc'tena, a medicinal species found 
in Algiers. [ < L. san'guis blood + su'gere to suck.] 
san'i-cle. A plant of the genus Sanic'ula, especially. 
Sanic'ula marilan'dica. 

Sanic'ula marilan'dica. An umbelliferous plant; 
sanicle or black snake=root. The powdered root 
is given in intermittent fever and chorea, 
sa'ni es. A thin, greenish, serous, and foetid dis¬ 
charge from fistulae, ulcers, etc;; sometimes tinged 
with blood. ^Gangrenous s. fsa'nious, as 
S. pus, a greenish, stinking pus. 
san-i-ta'ri an. One skilled in sanitary matters. [< 
L. san'itas health.] 

san-i-ta'ri um, san-i-to'ri um, san-a-to'ri um, pi. 

-urns or -ia. A retreat for invalids or convalescent 
' persons, selected with reference to the salubrity 
of its situation; an institution for the treatment 
of the sick; a private hospital, for which,the 
spelling sanatorium is to be preferred. Ocean s., 
a sea*going ship especially adapted in its con¬ 
struction to the requirements of convalescents 
and invalids. 

san'i-ta-ry. Pertaining to, or promoting, health. 
S. cordon, a line of guards controlling the en¬ 
trance to and exit from an infected locality. G. 
’07.] S. police, i^medical police. S. science, the 
science which treats of methods of preventing 
disease and promoting health; public health, 
san'i-tas. A proprietary disinfectant and deodor¬ 
ant, consisting largely of oxidized turpentine 
dissolved in water. [L.] 

san-i-ta'tion. The act of rendering wholesome or 
healthful; the application of sanitary laws so as 
to secure the conditions necessary for health; 
assanation. 

san-i-to'ri um. = Sanitarium. 
san'i-ty. Health or soundness, especially of the 
mind. [< L. san'itas, fr. sa'nus sound, healthy.] 
san-meth'yl. A proprietary antigonorrhoeic said to 
consist of phenyl salicylate, methylene blue, 
copaiba, oils of cinnamon and sandahwood, and 
the oleoresins of matico and cubeb. Dose, 0.66 
Cc. (10 mins.) in capsules. Dl. ’06.] 
san-met'ra. A combination of antipyrine, ichthyol, 
zinc sulphate, and fluidextract of hydrastis. 
san-met'to. A proprietary combination of santal 
oil and saw palmetto; used in bladder affections, 
sa'no. A proprietary dietetic, said to consist of 
dextrinated barley flour with a high percentage 
of proteids. 

san-o-der'ma. A bandage made of muslin, steril¬ 
ized and saturated with bismuth nitrate, 
san'o-form. A proprietary odorless combination 
of iodine and salicylic acid: used like iodoform, 
san'o-lith. A proprietary disinfectant of calcium 
sulphate with formaldehyde, 
san'one, san'ose. A white, tasteless, odorless die¬ 
tetic powder containing casein, 80%, and albu- 
minose, 20%. Dose, 30 Gm. (i oz.) in milk, 
san'o-sin. A proprietary preparation made of euca¬ 
lyptus leaves, charcoal, flower of sulphur, and oil 
of eucalyptus; used in pulmonary tuberculosis by 
inhaling the fumes of the ignited preparation. 
Sansevie'ra. An East Indian liliaceous plant: used 
in pulmonary, rheumatic, and urethral affection?. 



Sanguinaria 

(Bloodroot). 








SANSOM’S SIGN 


853 


SAPINDUS 


San'som’s sign. i. In pericardial effusion dulness 
of considerable area in the second and third in¬ 
tercostal spaces. 2. A rhythmical murmur, 
heard in cases of aortic aneurism, which is trans¬ 
mitted through the air in the mouth when the 
lips of the patient are applied to the chestspiece 
of the stethoscope. S.’s pleximeter, a narrow, T* 
shaped pleximeter adapted to fit into the costal 
interspaces and to enable resistance to be easily 
felt. 

Sanson’s images, SansonsPurkin'je’s images (sah- 
sohz). = Purkinje=Sanson’s images. [ L. J. 
Sanson, French physician, 1790-1841.] 

San'ta An'na bark. = Cusco bark. S. Lu^cia 
bark, the bark of a rubiaceous tree, Exosiem'ma 
floribun'dum, of the Antilles, 
san'tal. A constituent of the heartswood of Piero- 
car'pus ru'brum. ts- Sandalswood ; Santal- 
UM. S. Midy, a widely advertised, internal pro¬ 
prietary remedy for gonorrhoea. S.smonal, a 
proprietary preparation said to consist of 
methylene blue and balsamic oils; used in dis¬ 
eases of the urino=genital system. S. oil = ole¬ 
um SANTALi*, from which are obtained san'ta-lal, 
CjsHg^O, and san'ta-lol, CjgHgoO. 

San'talum al'bum. A species of santalaceous trees 
furnishing oleum santali*. ^ Sandalswood, 
def. I. S. ru'brum*, red saunders, the hearts 
wood of Pterocar'pus saniali'nus, a coloring agent, 
imparting a red color to alcohol, but not to 
water and containing san-tal'ic acid or san'ta-lin, 
CgHj^Oj, a red, crystalline dye. 
san'tan. Bismutan. 
san-the'ose. Theobromine. 

san'tol. I. A crystalline substance, CgH^Og, ob¬ 
tained from sandal=wood. 2. A proprietary anti- 
gonorrhoeic said to consist of 10 parts of salol 
and 90 parts of santalol. 

san'to-lin. A proprietary preparation of the oleo- 
resins of copaiba, matico, and cubebs, and of 
diastase, oil of sandal, and salol: used in cystitis 
and urethritis. 

santoli'na. A genus of the Compositce, as 5 . chamcB- 
cyparis'sus, the herb and fruit of which are anti- 
spasmodic, anthelmintic, and stomachic, 
san-ton'i-ca*. The dried unexpanded flowersheads 
of Artemis'ia pauciflo'ra {marii'ima) ; levant 
wormseed: it is anthelmintic. Dose, 0.65 to 
2 Gm. (10 to 30 grs.). It contains san-ton'ic 
acid, C15H20O4, the salts of which are known as 
san'to-nates, those of atropine and calcium being 
used in medicine, and the important principle 
san'to-nin == santoninum*. 
san-to-ni'num*. A crystalline, neutral principle, 
CjgHjgOg, the intramolecular anhydride or lac¬ 
tone of santonic acid, obtained from santonica*; 
santonin; used in treatment of lumbricoid worms. 
Dose, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.). cs-Trochisci santo- 
NiNi*. When treated with alkalies there is 
formed san-to-nin'ic acid, Cj5H2q04, the salts of 
which are known as san-to'ni-nates, that of 
sodium having been used in the preparation of 
trochisci sodii santoninatis (1880 U. S. P.). 
From it is also derived san'to-ni-nox'im, a white, 
crystalline substance, C15H19NO,, less toxic and 
used as a substitute for santonin in three times 
the dose, fsan'to-nism, poisoning with santonin. 
Santori'ni ve'nae emisso'riae. The small veins which 
pass through the foramina of the cranium, con¬ 
necting the sinuses of the dura mater with the 
external veins of the head. [L., “ emissory (or 
emunctory) veins of Santorinus.”] 


Santorini’s canal (s 4 n-to-ri'niz). = Santorini’s 
DUCT. S.’s Capitulum = CORNICULUM LARYNGIS. 
S.’s cartilage = coRNicuLUM laryngis. S.’s cir¬ 
cular muscle, involuntary muscular fibres, be¬ 
neath the constrictor urethrae, and encircling the 
urethra. S.’s concha = concha santoriniana. 
S.’s duct, the accessory duct of the pancreas 
Santorini’s canal; Bernard’s canal. S.’s fissure 
= INCISURA SANTORINI. S.’s muscle, the risorius 
muscle. S.’s plexus, i. A plexus of veins sur¬ 
rounding the female urethra in front and at the 
sides; the plexus of veins of the urinary gland 
and prostate in the male. 2. An anastomotic 
network formed by the filaments of the two 
roots of the inferior maxillary nerve at the fora¬ 
men ovale, S.’s tubercle = coRNicuLUM laryn¬ 
gis, S.’s veins = Santorini ven.e emissoria: 
[G. D. Santorini,'an Italian anatomist, 1681-1737.] 
san-to'ze a. A proprietary genitosurinary tonic and 
diuretic.- Dl. ’06.] 

san'tyl. The neutral salicylicsacid ester of santalol; 
said to pass the stomach unchanged. It is used 
in gonorrhoea. Dose, 0,5 Cc. (8 mins.), 
sap'a-col. A proprietary alcohol soap, 
sap'answood, sap'pan=wood. The wood of CcEsal 
pin'ia sap'pan: used as a dye to take the place 
of haematoxylon. 

Sapellier’s serum or solution (s 4 -pel-li-ez). Sodium 
chloride, 60 Gm.; potassium chloride, 5 Gm.; so¬ 
dium carbonate, 31 Gm.; sodium phosphate, 4.5 
Gm.; potas.sium sulphate, 3.5 Gm.; and boiled 
water, 100 Cc. 

sa-pha'da. The reddish scales which adhere to the 
hair in certain eruptions of the scalp, 
sa-phe'na. ■ The name given to two large superficial 
veins of the leg, the internal or long and the ex¬ 
ternal or short. is"Saphenous. [< cra^r/f plain.] 
saph*e-no-tib'i al vein. A vein extending from the 
long saphenous vein to one of the tibial veins, 
sa-phe'nous. Of or pertaining to the saphena. S. 
artery, an occasional branch of the common fem¬ 
oral artery accompanying the saphenous vein. 
Dorsal s. artery, a branch of the subscapular 
artery to the muscles of the infraspinous fossa. 
Small s. artery, an occasional branch of the pop¬ 
liteal artery to the external malleolus. S. fora¬ 
men = S. OPENING. S. nerve, either of two 
nerves, the internal or long {nervus saphenus*) 
or the external or short, accompanying the 
saphenous veins. S. opening, the opening in the 
fascia lata through which the internal saphenous 
vein and one or more of the superficial arteries 
pass; fossa ovalis*. External or posterior (short) 
s. vein, a branch of the popliteal vein which 
arises on the dorsum of the foot; V. saphena 
parva*. Internal or long s. vein, a vein com¬ 
mencing on the dorsum of the foot and passing 
up along the inner side of the leg and thigh to 
the saphenous opening, through which it runs to 
empty into the femoral vein; V. saphena magna*. 
saph'ism. = Sapphism. 

sap'id. Having or imparting taste, especially an 
agreeable taste; savory, fsa-pid'i-ty. 
sa'pin. A ptomaine, C5Hj4N2, isomeric with neuri- 
din and cadaverin, but not poisonous. 

Sapin'dus. The typical genus of Sapinda'cecs; (In¬ 
dian) soapworts. S. sapona'ria, the soap*berry 
(or soap^nut) tree of tropical America, has some¬ 
what acrid and astringent fruits which contain a 
saponaceous tonic pulp; used in mucous dis¬ 
charges and in intermittent fevers, etc. The 
bark End root are regarded as tonic. 


SAPIPHORE 


854 


SARCEPIPLOCELE 


sap'i-phore. Any one of a series of atomic groups 
influencing taste. A sweet taste results when 
these are suitably mated; a hitter taste, if discor¬ 
dantly mated, 
sa'pium. = Stillingia*. 

sa'po*, gen. sapo'nis. i. Soap; a combination of a 
salifiable base with a fatty acid. 2. The U. S. P. 
name for soap made from sodium hydroxide and 
olive oil; white Castile soap. t3“ Emplastrum 
SAPONis*; LiNiMENTUM SAPONis*. S. anima'lis, 
soap made of animal fat and soda’. S. butyri'- 
nus, butter soap. S. cine'reus, a soap to which 
benzoinated fat and quicksilver are added; mer¬ 
curial salve^soap; gray soap. S. domes'ticus, a 
soft soap made of soda and animal fat. S. du'- 
rus, “ hard soap.” S. medica'tus, neutral white 
Castile soap of a good quality. R. ’05.] S. 
mol'lis*, ” soft soap,” a soap made of potassium 
hydroxide, linseed oil, alcohol, and water; sapo 
viridis; green soap. It is a detergent stimulant, 
and is used as a remedy for skin diseases, 
Linimentum SAPONIS MOLLIS*. S. vir'idis or 
vulga'ris —S. mollis*. [L.] 
sa'po-. Relating or pertaining to soap: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< L. sa'po soap.] sa-po-car'bol, an 
antiseptic or disinfectant soap of uncertain ac¬ 
tion, containing cresols.— sa-po-cri'nin, an intes¬ 
tinal product of saponification which, according 
to Fleig, stimulates the secretion of the pancre¬ 
atic juice.— sa-po-der'min, a super=fatted mer¬ 
curial soap: used in syphilitic and other skin 
affections.— Sapodil'la, the Ach'ras sapo'ta, or its 
fruit.— sa'po-form, an antiseptic solution of soap 
and formaldehyde.— sa-pog'e-nin, a crystalline 
substance, Cj^H^202. formed by decomposing sap¬ 
onin with acids; esculic acid; saponic acid; sap- 
oretin.— sap'o-lan, a compound of soap, lanolin, 
and a naphtha derivative: used in skin diseases. 

— sa-po-lan'o-Iin, a preparation used in acne and 
eczema, said to consist of 4 parts of soft soap and 
5 parts of lanolin. — sa-po-men'thol, a proprietary 
preparation of stearin soap, 500 ; absolute alcohol, 
1550; camphor, 150; caustic liquor ammonii, 100; 
and aromatics, 300 parts.— sa-po-na'ce ous. i. 
Soapy. 2. Belonging to the order of plants Sap- 
ona'cece. — sap'o-nal, a cleansing compound said to 
consist of sodium carbonate, soap, sodium chlor¬ 
ide, and water, G. ’07.] — Sapona'ria, a genus 
of caryophyllaceous herbs of which 5 ". officina'- 
Us, or soap wort, bouncing bet, contains a glu co¬ 
side, SAPONIN. — sa-po-na'rius, of a soapy nature. 

— sa-po-na'tus, mixed or charged with soap.— 
sa-po-ne'tin, a derivative of saponin. R. ’05.] 

— sa-pon'ic acid = sapogenin. — sa-pond-fi-ca'- 

tion, the conversion of fats into soap by the 
action of alkalies; one of the processes of diges¬ 
tion. S. value, the relative amount of fatty acids 
liberated in the saponification of a given kind 
of fat or oil. fo convert into soap, 

sa-pon'i-fy-ing, as 5 . fermentation, fermentation of 
fats produced by steapsin and several vegetable 
ferments, and resulting in the formation of fatty 
acids and glycerin.— sa-pon'i-form, like soap in 
consistency and appearance.— sa-pon'i-ment, a 
compound soap liniment.— sap'o-nin, a glucoside, 
CjgHg^Ojg, obtained from the root of Sapona'¬ 
ria officina'Us , from Quillaja*, and from other 
plants; quillain. Its watery solution becomes 
frothy when agitated. It is a powerful poison, 
and locally very irritant. It is sometimes used 
in the preparation of emulsions, CoalsTar s. 
tsa-po'nin-ism, poisoning with saponin.— sap'o- 


nul, sa-pon'u-lus, a soap^like substance formed 
by heating an essential oil with an alkali.— sap- 
o-re'tin, sap-or-rhe'tin = sapogenin. — sap'o-tin, 
a white, crystalline substance, C29H52O20. found in 
the seeds of the sapodilla plant, Ach'ras sapo'ta: 
when boiled with dilute sulphuric acid, sap'O-ti- 
re'tin,Cj7H320jo, is formed.— sap-o-tox'in, a poi¬ 
sonous, glucosidal principle, Cj^HggOjQ, found in 
quillaja bark and saponin, 
sap-o-rif'ic. Producing taste or flavor, fsap-o-ros'- 
i-ty. sap-o'rous. 

sap'pa-nin. A substance obtained by fusing an ex¬ 
tract of sapan*wood with caustic soda, 
sap'panswood. =Sapan=wood. 

Sap'pey’s accessory portal system (veins). A system 
of small vessels formed around the liver and galb 
bladder in cases of cirrhosis of the liver for the 
purpose of compensatory circulation. S.’s fibres, 
smooth musclesfibres in the check ligaments of 
the eyeball near their orbital attachments. [H 
G. ’07.J S.’s orbitopalpebral muscle, the superior 
palpebral muscle of Muller. [ M. P. C. Sappey, 
French anatomist, 1810-1896.] 
sap'phism, sap-phis'mus. Unnatural sexual love 
between women; tribadism; saphism. [ < Sa'pho, 
Greek poetess.] 

sa-prse'mi a. A condition of blood-poisoning due to 
entrance of septic material (not micro-organisms) 
into the blood; a febrile condition resulting from 
the absorption of putrefactive products caused by 
saprophytic bacteria, fsapraemic. 
sap'rine. A non-poisonous ptomaine, CjHj^Ng, 
found in decaying flesh (in one case seven days 
after death). It is isomeric with cadaverine. 
sa'pro-. Relating to or signifying putridity, decay, 
etc.: a combining form. [< craTrpdf putrid.] sap- 
ro-don'ti a, caries of the teeth.— sap-ro-gen'ic, 
sa-prog'e-nous. i. Causing putrefaction. 2. En¬ 
gendered in putrefying substances.— sap'rol, ai 
disinfectant consisting principally of crude 
cresols.— Saproleg'ni a, a genus of the order of 
Saprolegnia'cece. S. asteroph'ora, S. dice'ca, S. mo~ 
noi'ca, and 5 . fe'rox are the four known species 
of this fungus. All are saprophytic on dead 
plants and animals, especially flies in water. 
The last named is a facultative parasite as well, 
and is the cause of salmon or fish disease. G. 
’07.]— sa-proph'a-gous, living on putrefying mat¬ 
ter.— sa-proph'i-lous, attracted by dead matter: 
applied to micro-organisms which develop on 
dead matter.— sap'ro-phyte, a vegetable organ¬ 
ism or bacterium developed on decaying organic 
matter. It does not thrive on living organisms. 

Bacterium; parasite, fsap-ro-phyt'ic, as 5 . 
bacteria. — sa-prop'y-ra, putrid fever; typhus fe¬ 
ver; saprotyphus. — sa'prous, rancid., putrid. — 
sa-pros'to-mous, having a foul breath. — sap-ro- 
ty'phus = SAPROPYRA. 

sar, sa'ra. Native East Indian terms for trypan¬ 
osomiasis. Surra. 

Sar'aca in'dica. = Jasundi. 
sar-am'pi on. =Serempion. 

sar'a-pus. A person having a flat foot. [< oa'ipeiv 
to sweep-f TTOPf foot.] 

Sa-ra-to'ga water. A mineral water from Saratoga, 
N. Y. 

Sar'bo’s sign. Insensibility to pain in the peroneal 
nerve, noticed occasionally in tabes dorsalis. 

G. ’07.] 

sarc. The fleshy parts of a muscle, the body, or 
the belly. 

sar-ce-pip'lo-cele. = Sarco-epiplocele. 


SARCHYDROCELE 


855 


SARCO- 


sar-chy'dro-cele. = Hydrosarcocele. 
sar-cid'i um. Caruncle. 

Sar'cina, pi. sarci'nce. A genus of schizomycetous 
plants or cocci dividing in three directions and 
thus producing cubic masses. Merismopedia ; 
TETRACoccus. S. al'ba, is found in air and water. 
S. auranti'aca, found in the air, water, and white 
beer, producing linoxanthin, a golden yellow pig¬ 
ment. S. au'rea, occurs in pulmonary exudates 
of pneumonia, producing a brightsyellow pig¬ 
ment. S. botuli'na, found in cases of sausage 
poisoning and thought to be the active agent. S. 
can'dida, occurs in the water and brewery air. 
S. cervi'na, has been found in gastric contents in 
carcinoma. S. e'qui, found in urine of horses. 
S. fla'va, found in cheese and beer, producing a 
yellow pigment. S. ful'va, found in gastric con¬ 
tents and preputial smegma. S. fusces'cens, found 
in the human stomach. S. hyali'na, found in 
marshswater. S. intestina'lis, found in human 
faeces. S. littora'lis, met with in putrid sea=water. 
S. livi'do lutes'cens, occurs in stools of enteritis. 
Lowenberg’s s., a pathogenic form found in a 
case of ozaena. S. of the lungs = S. pulmonum. 
S. lu'tea, found in the air, earth, and the surface 
of the body. S. max'ima, a large species found 
in malt=mash. S. minu'ta, a small species found 
in malt=mash. S. mo'bilis, found in old ascitic 
fluid, producing a bricksred pigment. S. mor'- 
rhuae, a species found in cod=fish. S. paludo'sa, 
found in marsh=water. S. pulmo'num, occurs in 
the sputum of phthisical patients. S. reiten- 
bach'i, found in fresh water on decaying plants; 
Merismope'dia reitenhach'i. S. re'nis, found in 
the lungs and kidneys of persons who have died 
of pulmonary tuberculosis. S. ro'sea. i. Found 
in the air, producing a red pigment having the 
same reaction as that of S. auranii'aca. 2 . Found 
in milk and other foodstuffs. S. uri'nae, a non* 
pathogenic form found in the human bladder. S. 
variab'ilis, found in gastric contents. S. ventric'- 
uli, found in the stomach and lung cavities; 
Merismope'dia ventric'uli or good'siri. S. viola'- 
cea, found in water, producing a violet color. S. 
virchow'i, found in the lungs. S. welck'eri, found 
in the human bladder and voided for months at 
a time in a urine unusually rich in phosphates, 
sar'cine. = Hypoxanthine. [< trdpf flesh.] 
sar-cin'ic. Pertaining to sarcine or sarcina. 
sar-ci-nu'ri a. The presence and secretion of Sjar- 
ci'nce in the urine, 
sar-ci'tes. Anasarca. [F.j 

sar-ci'tis. Inflammation of fleshy tissue; myositis, 
sar'co-. Relating to or composed of flesh: a com¬ 
bining form. [< crdp^ flesh.] sar’co-ad-e-no'ma 
== ADENOSARCOMA. — sat'co-blast. I. (In Biology.) 
A germinal mass of protoplasm. 2 . =Sarco- 
PLAST. — sar*co-car-ci-no'ma, a tumor having the 
characteristics of both a sarcoma and a carci¬ 
noma; haemangiosarcoma.— sar'co-cele, a fleshy 
tumor, especially of the testicle; hernia carnosa 
(“fleshy hernia”), as 5. malleo'sa, farcinous 
nodules in the skin of the scrotum, due to Bacil'- 
lus mal'lei and 5. syphilit'ica = orchitis syphi¬ 
litica.— Sarcoceph'alus, a genus of rubiaceous 
plants. The species 5. esculen'tus, a West African 
shrub, yields an astringent and tonic febrifuge 
bark (doundakd or doundaki); Guinea or Sierra 
Leone peach; among the French, it is the Kina 
du Rio Nunez or quinquina africane. The wood 
(njimo) is astringent and tonic and contains 
doundakin. G. ’ 07 .] — sar-co'col, sar-co-col'la, 


a nauseous gum*resin obtained from Pence'a sar- 
cocol'la and P. mucrona'ia, African shrubs: former¬ 
ly used as an astringent and said to be purgative 
When it is treated with ether sar-co-col'lin, a 
brownish, amorphous substance, CjgHggOg, is ob¬ 
tained.— Sarcocys'tis, a group of protozoan para¬ 
sites, 5. horn'inis, a species found in man: S. im'- 
mitis, a species found in the liver: 5. lindeman'ni, 
a species found in the muscles: and S. mies'cheri, 
a species of myxomycetous bacteria found in 
the muscular fibre of hogs and other animals.— 
sar'co-cyte = ectoplasm. — sar'code, protoplasm, 
fsar-co'dic, as S. movement = a^czboid move¬ 
ment. — sar-co'des, like flesh; fleshy; sarcous. 

— sar’cosen-chon-dro'ma, sarcoma and enchon- 
droma combined.— sar*co=e-pip'lo-cele, epiplocele 
combined with sarcocele.— sar’cosep-i-plom'pha- 
lus, a hernia at or near the umbilicus, which 
forms a fleshy mass from the thickened omen¬ 
tum. — sar-co-gen'ic cell = sarcoglia, def. 2.— 
sar-cog'lia. r. The granular protoplasmic mat¬ 
ter composing an eminence of Doy^re. 2. A cell 
which develops into a muscle*fibre; a sarcogenic 
cell.— sar-cog'no-my, the science of the relation 
between the surface of the brain and the surface 
of the body.— sar-co-hy'dro-cele = hydrosar¬ 
cocele. — sar'coid. i. Resembling flesh. 2 . A 
fleshy polyp, as 5^. of Baeck, a painless derma¬ 
tosis, marked by the growth of multiple, small 
nodules on the back and the extensor sides of the 
limbs, leaving depressed cicatrices.— sar-co-lac'- 
tic acid = paralactic acid, fsar-co-lac'tate.— 
sar-co-lem'ma, the homogeneous membranous 
sheath which encloses each fibre of striated 
muscle, fsar-co-lern'mic, sar-co-lem'mous. — 
sar-col'o-gy, the part of anatomy which treats 
of the fleshy parts of the body, Myology. — 
sar-col'y-sis, the process of disintegration of soft 
tissues, as muscles. [17. M.’ 03 .] — sar'co-lyte, 
a cell concerned in the disintegration of soft tis¬ 
sue.— sar-co'ma, see in vocabulary place below.— 
sar'co-mere, any one of the divisions or segments 
into which it is assumed that the membranes of 
Krause divide a muscular fibril (sarcostyle); the 
contractile element of a muscle; sarcous disk. 

— sar-co-mos'che-o-cele, a fleshy tumor of the 

scrotum.— sar-com-phal'o-cele, sar-com'pha-lon, 
sar-com'pha-lus, a fleshy tumor at or near the 
umbilicus.— sar-co-pep'tone, a proprietary prep¬ 
aration of peptonized meat; meat peptones. [1 
R. ’os.]- Sarcoph'aga carna'ria, magnif'ica, and 
ruficor'nis, spe¬ 
cies of flesh flies 
which occasion¬ 
ally deposit 
their larvae in 
the subcutane¬ 
ous or deeper 
tissues.— sar- 
coph'a-gous, 
sar-coph'a-gy, Sarcophagus. 

fleshseating.— 

sar-coph'a-gus, an ancient form of coffin.— 
sar-co-phy'ma, a fleshy tumor.— sar'co-phyte, 
a bioplast.— sar'co-plasm, sar-co-plas'ma, hya¬ 
line or granular interfibrillar matter of striated 
muscle, fsar-co-plas'mic. — sar'co-plast, a cell 
found between the fibres of a muscle, and sup¬ 
posed to be a developing stage of a musclesfibre. 

— sar-co-plas'tic, relating to the formation of 
flesh.— sar’co-poi-et'ic, fleshs or musclesproduc- 
ing.— Sar-cop-syl'la = PuLEX, as S. pen'etrans 

















SARCOMA 


SARZA 


85r> 


= PuLEX PENETRANS. — sarcop-te-iyg'i um = 
PTERYGIUM CARNOSUM. — Sarcop'tcs, a genus of 
acarids, including 5 . hom'inis or scabie'i, the itch= 
mite. gtAcarus. fsar-cop'tic. — sarco-py-o'- 
des, resembling pus mixed with flesh.— sar-co- 
sep'sis, sepsis caused by bacteria being present in 
the tissues.— sar-co'sine, a crystalline substance, 
C3H7NO2, methylglycocoll, obtained by the chem¬ 
ical decomposition of creatin and caffeine.— sar- 
co'sis, formation of flesh in sarcoma.— Sarcospo- 
rid'i um, pi. -rid'i a, a micro=organism belonging 
to a genus of psorosperms, of which various spe¬ 
cies are found in mammals: cattle, swine, sheep, 
etc. ts- Miescheria. fsar-co-spo-ri-di'a-sis, -rid- 
i-o'sis. — Sar-co-sto'sis, ossification of fleshy tis¬ 
sues. Osteosarcoma. — sar'co-style, one of 

the primitive fibrillae into which a musclesfibre 
can be broken up; musclescolumn; musclesfibril. 
— sar*co-ther-a-peu'tics, therapeutics based upon 
animal extracts.— sar-cot'ic. i. Making, or in¬ 
ducing the growth of flesh: applied to medicines. 
2. Belonging to sarcoma.— sar'co-tome, an appa¬ 
ratus or kind of ecraseur for cutting through soft 
tissue by a ligature worked by a spring.— sar-co- 
trip'sy == ECRASEMENT. tsar-co-trip'tor = ^cra- 
SEUR. — sar'cous, fleshy; pertaining to flesh or 
muscle, as 5 . disks, the segments into which a 
muscular fibril is divided by Krause’s mem¬ 
branes; sarcomeres: 5 . element, one of the minute 
elements or dark prisms into which a muscular 
fibril, or sarcostyle, may be resolved: S. matter — 
myolin: S. prtsm = S. element: and S. substance, 
the substance composing a sarcous element, 
jar-co'ma, pi. sarcom'ata, sarcomas. A fleshy tumor; 
a malignant tumor consisting of embryonic con¬ 
nective tissue the cells of which do not advance 
beyond their embryonic state, but multiply as 
such. A well-defined new growth made up of 
cells belonging to the connective*tissue group, 
but sharply differentiated from connective tissue 
by the more marked development of cellular 
elements (Virchow). Coley’s fluid. Spe¬ 
cially named varieties are Abernethy’s, Adi¬ 
pose, Alveolar, Angiolithic (= psammoma), 
Angioplastic, Botryoid, Chloromatous, Cyl¬ 
indromatous, Encephaloid ( = medullary ), 
Fascicular or fasciculated (=spindlesCelled), 
Giantscelled, Glandular (= Hodgkin’s dis¬ 
ease), Globocellular or granulation (= medul¬ 
lary cancer), M acrocellular (= giant»celled). 
Medullary, Melanotic ( = melanosarcoma ), 
Mixed celled (= polymorphic). Mucous (= myxo¬ 
sarcoma), Muller’s, Myelogenic, Myeloid, Os¬ 
sifying (=osteosarcoma),Osteoid, Parosteal, 
Polymorphic, Round>celled (= medullary can¬ 
cer), Serocystic, SpindlesCelled, and Wither¬ 
ing (= mycosis fungoides). S. carcinomato'des, 
a cancer of a scirrhous character. S. deciduocellu- 
la're = DECiDUOMA malignum. S. lipomato'des, 
a tumor marked by fat infiltration. S. lymphad- 
enoi'des = LYMPHOSARCOMA. S. mol'le, cs- lym¬ 
phosarcoma. S. mollus'cum, connective*tissue 
tumors occurring multiple in the skin but contain¬ 
ing few spindle cells. 5. myxomato'des — myxo¬ 
sarcoma. S. phyllo'des= Muller’s s. S. scro'ti 
= SARCOCELE. S. u'teti deciduocellula're, ma¬ 
lignant deciduoma. [< (Top/cof flesh.] fsar- 
co-ma-to'sis, the formation of sarcomata, or a 
condition of body leading to their formation, as 
S. cu'tis, a sarcomatous growth developed on the 
skin, sar-com'a-tous, as 5. polypus, a sarcoma 
of polypoid form. 


sar-dinfl an or sar-don'ic laugh, sar-do-ni'a-sis. — 

RiSUS SARDONICUS. 

sar'di-nin. A ptomaine found in putrefied sardines 
by Griffiths. [1 G. ’04.] 
sar-don'ic laugh. = Risus s.\rdonicus. 
sar'kine. = Hypoxanthine. 

Sarotham'nus. A genus of Legumino'sce found in 
Europe. S. scopa'rius = CYTisus scoparius. 
Sarrace'ni a. A genus of the order of Sarracenia'- 
cecB, known as pitcher^plants and sidesaddle* 
flower. S. fla'va, a species having a bitter, as¬ 
tringent root used in diarrhoea. S. purpure'a, 
the most common of North American pitcher* 
plants: used by the Indians as a preventive and 
cure of smallpox: a diuretic and stimulant, 
sar'sa, gen. = Sarsaparilla*. 

sar*sa-pa-ril'la*. The dried root of Smi'lax med'- 
ica, Smi'lax orna'ta, Smi'lax papyra'cea, or a 
dried root known com¬ 
mercially as Honduras 
s., which is probably 
obtained from the 
Smi'laxofficina'lis, and 
of other undeter¬ 
mined species of Smi- 
lax. In the B. P. it is 
known as Sar'sce ra'- 
dix. It is an altera¬ 
tive, much employed 
in the treatment of 
secondary syphilis, 
chronic rheumatism, 
and scrofulous affec¬ 
tions. Sarsaparilla 
contains a glucoside 
termed parillin, 
which is analogous to, 
if not identical with, 

SAPONIN. R. ’05.] 

Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 
tm- Fluid EXT R ACTUM 
SARSAPARILL.®* ; FLU- 
IDEXTRACTUM SARSA- 
PARILLyE COMPOSI- 
TUM*; SYRUPUS SARSAPARILL.E COMPOSITUS*. 

Among other species used in medicine are: Ameri¬ 
can s., S. de Rios (China japicanga), Jamaica s.. 
Red s., and Texas s. [< Sp. sar'fa or sar'za brier 
paril'la little vine.] tss^r-sa-pa-ril'lin = pa¬ 
rillin. sar-sa-sap'o-nin, a poisonous glucoside 
found in sarsaparilla. 

sartian disease (sar'shan). An infectious skin dis¬ 
ease endemic in Asiatic Russia and the tropics, 
characterized by nodules on the face, or red in¬ 
durated spots, which, degenerating, leave crusted 
ulcers. Paschachurda. [< 5 ar/, a people 
of Central Asia.] 

sar’ti-cru-rae'us. The sartorius muscle. 

Sar-to'li’s columns. The columns of sustentacular 
epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules, 
sar'ton. Soja^bean meal deprived of the carbo¬ 
hydrates; a nutrient for diabetics, 
sar-to'rius. Belonging to a tailor: applied to a 
muscle (the longest of the human body), so called 
because supposed to be used by a tailor in cross¬ 
ing his legs. It arises from the anterior superior 
spinous process of the ilium, and is inserted into 
the inner and upper aspect of the shaft of the 
tibia; iliopretibialis; sarticruraeus; tailor*muscle; 
M. sarto'rius*. 
sarx. Flesh. [< odp^.] 
sar'za. Brier. [Sp.] 



Sarsaparilla. 




SASSAFRAS 


857 


SAVIOTTI’S CANALS 


sfls'sa-fras*. The dried bark of Sas'safras variifo'- 
lium, collected in early spring or autumn and de¬ 
prived of its periderm. It is aromatic, stimulant, 
astringent, and sudorific and used as an adjuvant 
to other more efficient medicines. Dose, 8 Gm. 
(i2ogrs.). S. goesia'nuni = MASSOiA aromatica. 
S. medul'la*, sassafras pith, the dried pith of 
Sas'safras variifo'lium, from which is obtained 

MUCILAGO SASSAFRAS MEDULLA*. S. nut = PI- 
CHURiM BEAN. S. officina'lis (officina'le), or Lau'- 
rus sas'safras, S. variifo'lium, from which sas'- 
sa-frid is derived. S. oil = oleum sassafras*. 
S. pith = S. MEDULLA*, 
sas'sa-f rol. = S a f ro l . 

sas'so-line. Boric acid extracted from deposits in 
the lakes of Tuscany; native boric acid, 
sas'sy bark. The bark of Eryihrophlce'um guineen'- 
se; saucy bark, Ordeal bark. 

Sat. Abbr. for L. satura'tus saturated, 
sa-ta-mu'li or sa'ta-mul. The native name for A5- 
par'agus racemo'sus of India: used as a sedative 
and diuretic in nervous pain, 
sa-tan-o-pho'bi a. Insane fear of the devil. [< 
iardv Satan + ^o/ 3 of fear.] 
sat'el-lite. i. One of the satellite veins. 2. A 
minor lesion located near a larger one. S. veins, 
veins that accompany arteries, especially those 
belonging to the brachial artery. 
sat'el-Ut-ism. = Symbiosis; mutualism. 
sa'the, sa'thon. The penis. [< oa 6 r].'\ 
sa'ti. In India the suicidal burning of a widow at 
the funeral pyre of her husband, 
sa-ti'e-ty. Surfeit; state of being satisfied. 
Sat'tler’s vascular layer. The layer of blood=vessels 
of the chorioid which lie to the inner side of the 
tunica vasculosa of Haller, 
sat-u-ra'tion. i. The act of filling to a full capacity; 
the state of a solvent which has dissolved as 
much of a soluble body as it is capable of dis¬ 
solving; or the state of a compound in which its 
elements are combined in such proportions that 
a fresh quantity of either cannot be added with¬ 
out excess. 2. The G. P. name for an efferves¬ 
cing draught made by mixing an alkaline carbo¬ 
nate with a vegetable acid. [< L. saiura'tio.] 
tsat'u-rate. is-T ablet saturates. 
sat'u-rat-ed. i. Filled to a full capacity, as 5 . com¬ 
pound, a chemical compound in which the com¬ 
bining capacities of all the elements are satisfied, 
and 5 . solution, a solution which at a given tem¬ 
perature cannot contain more of the substance 
than it already contains. 2. A term especially 
applied to hydrocarbons having all the chemical 
affinities satisfied. 

Saturdaysnight paralysis. = Sunday morning pa¬ 
ralysis. 

Sature'ia, Sature'ja. A labiate herb as 5 . horten'sis 
= summer savory. 
sa-tur'ni a. Lead poisoning. 

sat'ur-nine (sat'ur-nm or -nain). Relating to or 
produced by lead; plumbic. i^Lead; plumbum. 
S. amblyopia, amblyopia due to atrophy of the 
optic nerve from lead poisoning. S. arthralgia, a 
painful disease of the joints, especially of the 
knee-joint, seen in chronic lead poisoning. S. 
breath, a peculiar odor of the breath observed in 
lead poisoning. S. cachexia, the moderate degree 
of anaemia usually present in chronic lead poison¬ 
ing. [If O. ’06.] S. cerebritis=S. encephalop¬ 
athy. S. colic, lead colic, P^lumbism. S. 
encephalitis, inflammation of the brain due to 
lead poisoning. S. encephalopathy, a variety of 


lead poisoning in which there are severe symp¬ 
toms referable to lesions of the brain, but with 
negative post-mortem appearances. S. epilepsy, 
a condition sometimes seen in chronic lead poison- 
ing, marked by epileptoid convulsions. S.- intox¬ 
ication = plumbism. S. nephritis, nephritis due to 
chronic lead poisoning. S. neuritis, neuritis due 
to lead poisoning. S. palsy or paralysis, paraly¬ 
sis due to lead poisoning. S. poisoning = plum¬ 
bism. S. red = LEAD TETRoxiDE. S. stomatitis, 
8^STOMATITIS. [< L. Saiur'nus Saturn; also a 
term for lead.] tsat'urn-ism = plumbism. 
sat-y-ri'a-sis. i. Excessive or inordinate sexual 
desire in men; erotic insanity, Nymphomania. 
2. = Priapism. 3. Lepra. [< satyr.] 

sat-y-ro-ma'ni a. = Satyriasis, def. i. [< adrvpog 
satyr -f- pav'ia madness.] fs^t'y-ro-ma'ni ac. 
sau'cy bark. = Sassy bark. 

Sauerbruch’s cabinet (zau'^r-bruCHs).' A specially 
made cabinet for increasing or diminishing the 



Original Form of Sauerbruch’s Cabinet. 


external air pressure in operations upon the chest, 
the patient’s head being without, and his body 
and the surgeon within, the cabinet, 
saun'ders. Santalum. Red s. =Santalum 

RUBRUM*. S. wood = SANDAL-WOOD. 

Saun'ders’s disease. Alimentary intoxication, 
sau-ri'a-sis. = Ichthyosis. [< craDpof lizard.] 
sau-ri-der'ma, sau-ri-o'sis. = Darier’s disease. 
Saurop'sida. A primary division, by Huxley, 
of vertebrates, comprising reptiles, birds, and 
mammals. 

sau'sage poison. = Allantotoxicon. S. poison¬ 
ing. = Allantiasis. 

sau'sar-ism, sau-sa-ris'mus. i. A condition in 
which the tongue is paralyzed. 2. A dry condi¬ 
tion of the tongue. [ < aavaaptafio^.] 

Sau'ter’s operation. = Colpohysterectomy. 
Sauvineau’s ophthalmoplegia (s6-vi-n6z). Combined 
paralysis of the internal rectus muscle on the one 
side and spasm of the external rectus on the 
other side. i^Parinaud’s ophthalmoplegla. 
Sa'vill’s disease. An epidemic skin disease with a 
papular rash and branny desquamation, and 
marked constitutional symptoms; epidemic ecze¬ 
ma; dermatitis exfoliativa epidemica: it may be 
fatal. 

sav'in. i. A coniferous shrub, Junip'erus sahi'na, 
of America and Europe. 2. =Sabina*. S. cerate 
= CERATUM SABINA. S.oil = OLEUM SABINA*. 
Saviotti’s canals (sa-vi-ot'iz). Artificial slits be¬ 
tween the glandular cells of the pancreas, formed 
by forcibly injecting fluid into its ducts. 












































SAVORY 


858 


SCALPRUM 


sa'vor-y. sr Summer, fsa'vor, taste, 
saw. An instrument with a serrated cutting edge 
used for cutting through bone. c^Rhachiotome. 
Specially named varieties are: Adams’s, Ampu¬ 
tating, Butcher’s, Chain, Crown, Gigli’s 
WIRE*, Hemp, Key’s, String. S. palmetto, a 
palm, Sereno'a serrula'ta, of the Southern United 
States. The fruit is known as sabal*. fsaw'ing, 
as 5 . murmur or sound, a heart* 
murmur resembling the sound of 





sawing, saw'yer, as S.'s cramp, 
incoordination of the muscles of 
the arm used in sawing, 
saw'bones. A colloquial or slang 
term for a surgeon, 
saw'wort. =Serratula tincto- 
RIA. 

Saxif'raga, sax'i-frage. A genus of Saxifrage. 
saxifragaceous herbs, compris¬ 
ing many species, with doubtful medical prop¬ 
erties. Pimpinel'las, or Burnet = Pimpinella 

SAXIPRAGA. 

sax-if'ra-gant, sax-if'ra-gous. i. Preventing the 
formation or promoting the breaking up of 
calculi. 2. A remedy for calculus, 
sax-o-li'num. = Petrolatum*. 

Sayre’s apparatus, bandage, or jacket (s6rz). A 
plaster*of=Paris jacket used as a spinal support, 
as in spondylitis and Pott’s disease. S.’s shoe, a 
high shoe used in the treatment of hip*joint dis¬ 
ease. [L. A. Sayre, American surgeon, 1820-1901.] 
Sb. The chemical symbol for antimony {l^.stih’ium). 
Ssbone. A bone in the shape of the letter S; the 
episternum; manubrium. 

Sc. I . The chemical symbol for the element scandi¬ 
um. 2. Abbr. for scapulo-. 
scab. A crustslike substance formed on superficial 
ulcerations or wounds by the concretion of the 
fluid matter secreted from them. S.smite, the 
itch*mite, Sarcop'tes scabie'i. 
scab'bard. The prepuce of the horse, 
sca'bies. The itch, a contagious, parasitic disease 
of the skin caused by the burrowing of the itch* 
mite {Sarcop'tes or Ac'arus scabie'i) in the skin. 

Rubbers; unguentum sulphuris*. S. ag'ria, 
lichen. S. bceck'i = Norwegian itch. S. cap'- 
itis, a disease characterized by exuding pustules 
which form crusts; achores capitis. S. crusto'sa 
= Norwegian itch. S. fe'ra = ecthyma. S. 
feri'na = MANGE. S. hispan'ica = syphilis. S. 
hu'mida or milia'ris = eczema. S. lymphat'ica, 
that which is accompanied by eruption of vesicles; 
watery itch. S. norwe'gica = Norwegian itch. S. 
papulifor'mis, papulo'sa, a form characterized by 
efflorescence in the form of papules; rank itch. 
S. pecori'na, a variety of scabies affecting sheep; 
sheep itch. S. purulen'ta or pustulo'sa, a form 
occurring on the wrists of children in which the 
large pustules formed resemble those of small¬ 
pox; rocky itch. S. sic'ca papulo'sa = prurigo. 
[< L. sca'bere to scratch.] 
sca’bi-o-pho'bi a. Morbid dread of scabies. 
Scabio'sa. Scabious. A genus of dipsaceous plants 
said to have medicinal virtues, 
scabrities (sce-br«sh'i-iz). The condition of being 
rough or covered with scales. S. un'guium, a 
morbid condition of the nails in which they are 


thick, rough, and distorted, as in syphilis and 
leprosy. [< L. sca'ber rough.] 
sca'brous, sca'brate. Rough; rugged; rough or 
harsh to the touch. [< L. sca'bere to scratch.] 
scab'wort. In'ula hele'nium. 

sca'la, pi. sca'lae. A ladder or staircase. S. ante'- 
rior coch'leae, or exter'na coch'leae = S. vestib- 
ULi*. S. clau'sa, infe'rior coch'leae, or inter'na 
coch'leae = S. tympani*. S. of Lowenberg or S. 
media = cochle.ar canal. S. rhyth'mica = 
NUCLEUS NERVI HYPOGLOssi*. S. tym'pani*, 
“stairway of the tympanum,” the space lying 
below the lamina spiralis and the wall of the 
membranous cochlea; the tube situated below 
the cochlear canal; tympanic canal. S. vestib'- 
uli*, “ stairway of the vestibule,” the space in 
the osseous cochlea shut off from the cochlear 
canal by the membrane of Reissner; the tube sit¬ 
uated above Reissner’s membrane and the cochle¬ 
ar canal; vestibular canal. [L.] fsca-lar'i-form. 
scald. I. A lesion of some part occasioned by the 
application of hot fluid or steam. cs-Burn. 2. 
A skin disease in which scabs form; scaldshead. 
S.shead, a common name for porrigo, or ring¬ 
worm of the scalp, and similar affections, as favus. 
scale. I. Any dry, plate=like, semisopaque layer of 
horny epidermis, shed from the skin in various 
diseases and in health, Pepsin. [< A. S. scala 
a husk; a scale.] 2. A graduated measure used as 
a standard. k^Tallquist. [< L. sca'la a ladder.] 
sca'lene. Having sides which are unequal. S. 
muscle = scalenus. S. tubercle, a prominence 
on the inner border of the first rib, giving attach¬ 
ment to the tendon of the scalenus anticus 
muscle; Lisfranc’s tubercle; tuberculum scaleni 
[Lisfranci]*. [ < aKa’krjvoQ uneven.] 
sca-le'nus, pi. scale'ni. A longish muscle having 
sides of unequal length. [< CKaTirjvoq uneven.] 
S. ante'rior or anti'cus, a muscle arising from the 
anterior tubercles of the third, fourth, fifth, and 
sixth cervical vertebrae, and inserted into the 
scalene tubercle on the first rib; prescalenus; M. 
scalenus anterior*. S. me'dius, a muscle arising 
from the posterior tubercles of the cervical ver¬ 
tebrae and inserted into the first rib behind the 
5 . anterior; mediscalenus; M. scalenus medius*. 
S. poste'rior or posti'cus, a muscle arising from 
the transverse processes of the two or three lower 
cervical vertebrae and inserted into the second 
rib; postscalenus; M. scalenus posterior*. 
sca'ler. A dentist’s instrument for removing tartar, 
scaring, i. Forming scales; desquamating. 2. A 
method, in pharmacy, of drying concentrated 
drug solutions on glass plates. S. of teeth, an old 
dental term for removing tartar from the teeth, 
scall. A scaly or scabby disease of the skin, 
scal'lard. = Porrigo. 
scalled head. =Scald=head. 

scal'ma. An infectious disease of horses affecting 
the nasal cavities and the bronchia, and marked 
by cough, fever, and dyspnoea, 
scalp. The integuments of the skull which bear 
the hair. S. tumor = caput succedaneum. [< 
M.E.] fscalp'ing, depriving of the scalp, 
scal'pel. A small knife, usually wdth a straight 
blade fixed firmly in the handle; used in dissect¬ 
ing and in surgical operations, 
scal'per. =Scalprum. 

scal'prum. A raspatory, or strong knife with which 
to remove carious bone, and to trephine. S. 
chirur'gicum, a lancet. S. denta'rium, a file used 
by the dentist. S. raso'rium, a raspatorium. 








SCALY 859 

sca'ly. Furnished with scales, or scaledike in text¬ 


ure; SQUAMOSE. S. epithelium = SQUAMOUS epi¬ 
thelium. S. pepsin, purified pepsin in the form of 
yellowish scales. S. skin, ichthyosis. S. suture 
= SUTURA SQUAMOSA*. S. tetter = PSORIASIS, 
scam'ma. = Fossa. 
scam-mo'nia. ts-S cammonium*. 
scam-mo'ni um*. Scammony, a gumsresin ob¬ 
tained by incising the living root of Convol'vulus 
scammo'nia, a native of Syria, an active cathartic 
which uncombined is apt to gripe. Dose, 0.25 
Gm. (4 grs.). 13 !- Resina scammonii*. From it 
are obtained scam-mon'ic or scam-mo-nin'ic acid 
==Jalapic acid, and scam'mo-nin, a glucoside, 
^34^56016- said to be identical with jalapin. 
scam'mo-ny. = Scammonium*. Factitious or 
Montpellier s., a spurious factitious preparation 
consisting of various resins and purgatives. 
Scan-di-na'vi an syphilis. =Radesyge. 
scan'di um. A metallic element: at. wt., 43.8; 

symb.. Sc. ^Elements, table of. 
scan'ning speech or utterance. A pathological form 
of speech in which the syllables are separated by 
prolonged pauses, occurring in multiple sclerosis 
and various other nervous affections, 
scan-so'ri us. A muscle of apes, occasionally seen 
in man, arising from the edge of the ilium and 
inserted into the great trochanter of the femur, 
scan'ty menstruation. = Amenorrhcea. 
scaph-, scaph'o-. Shaped like a trough, boat, or 
keel: a combining form. [< OKaxp// a light boat 
or trough.] sca'pha. i. The scaphoid fossa of 
the external ear. 2. A trough or hollowedsout 
place. [L. “skiff,” fr. GKa(p 7 } a light boat or 
trough.]— scaph'ion, cranium.— scaph'ium oc- 
ula're, a vessel of metal or porcelain for applying 
lotions to the eye. — scaph‘o-ce-phal'ic, scaph'- 
o-ceph'a-lous, having a boat=shaped head, due 
to ossification of the sagittal suture, thus pre¬ 
venting transverse and increasing vertical and 
longitudinal growth, tscaph-o-ceph'a-lism; 
scaph-o-ceph'a-ly.— scaph-o-cu'boid, pertaining 
to the scaphoid and cuboid bones.— scaph-o-cu'- 
ne-i-form, appertaining to the scaphoid and 
cuneiform bones.— scaph*o-hy-dro-ceph'a-lus, a 
form of hydrocephalus in which the head is 
shaped like a boat, fscaph’o-hy-dro-ceph'a-ly. 

— scaph'oid, resembling a boat; navicular, as 
S. abdomen, the concave depression of the front 
wall of the abdomen, observed in certain cerebral 
diseases and in great emaciation; boatsshaped 
abdomen: 5 . bone. i. The outer bone of the 
first row of carpal bones; os naviculare manus*. 
2. The bone on the inside of the tarsus in front 
of the astragalus and behind the cuneiform 
bones; os naviculare pedis*: and S. fossa = na¬ 
vicular FOSSA. — sca-phoi'di um, the scaphoid or 
navicular bone.— sca-phoi*dosas-trag'a-lan, per¬ 
taining to the scaphoid and astragalus bones. 

— sca-phoi-do-cu'boid = scaphocuboid. — sca- 
phoi-do-cu-ne'an, pertaining to the scaphoid 
bone and to the cuneiform bones. — scaph-o-lu'- 
nar, relating to the scaphoid and semilunar 
bones.— scaph'u-la = navicular fossa. 

3 cap'u-la*, pi. -Ice. The shoulder=blade, a flat trian¬ 
gular bone applied to the back, overlying the ribs 
from the second to the seventh, and articulating 
with the clavicle and the humerus. (See illus¬ 
tration, next column.) S. ala'tae, the wingdike 
appearance of the shoulder-blades in persons of 
sight musculature and especially in paralysis of 
the serratus anticus major muscle. 


SCAPULEN 

scap-u-la-cro'mi al. Both acromial and scapular, 
scap-u-lal'gi a. Pain in the region of the scapula 
or in the circumflex nerve, 
scap'u-lar. i. Of or belonging to the scapula; 
scapulary: applied to arteries, veins, etc.- 2 . — 
ScAPULARY, 
def. 2 . S. apo¬ 
neurosis, the 
infraspinous 
fascia. S. arch 

= PECTORAL 
ARCH. S. ar¬ 
teries, arteries 
supplying the 
scapular re¬ 
gion. Thepc>5- 
terior (ramus 
descendens*) 
is a continua¬ 
tion of the 
transversalis 
colli, descend¬ 
ing along the 
vertebral bor- 
derof the 
scapula. The 
transverse, su¬ 
perior, or su¬ 
prascapular 
(A. transversa 
scapulae*) is a 
branch of the 
thyroid axis 
and supplies 
the supraspi¬ 
nous fossa. 

The common, inferior or subscapular (A. subscapu- 
laris*) is derived from the axillary, and sends a 
branch (the dorsal s. artery or A. circumflex scap¬ 
ulae*) to the infraspinous fossa. The external is 
the acromial branch of the suprascapular artery. 
S. foramen, the suprascapular notch when con¬ 
verted into a foramen by ligament or bone. S. 
gland, one of the lymphatic glands near the axil¬ 
lary border of the scapula. S. hyoid muscle, the 
omohyoid muscle. S. line, a vertical line drawn 
on the back from the lower angle of the scapula; 
linea scapularis*. S. murmur, a systolic heart- 
murmur heard at the angle of the left scapula, 
and caused by mitral regurgitation. S. notch, a 
notch on the superior edge of the scapula, con¬ 
verted into a foramen by means of a ligament, 
and giving passage to the suprascapular nerve; 
coracoid notch; suprascapular notch; incisura 
scapulae*. S. point, a tender point at the inferior 
angle of the scapula, seen in neuralgia of the 
brachial plexus. S. reflex, contraction of the 
scapular muscles due to superficial irritation in 
the interscapular region. S. region, the portion 
of the back over the scapulae; regio scapularis*. 
S. spine = SPINE of the scapula. Transverse s. 
vein, a branch of the transverse cervicoscapular 
vein from the dorsal and upper scapular regions; 
V. transversa scapulae*. 
scap-u-la'ris. A suprascapular nerve. [L.] 
scap'u-la-ry. i. = Scapular. 2. A bandage 
divided for part of its length, the divided parts 
passing over the shoulders like suspenders, and 
the ends being attached to a body-bandage to 
prevent its slipping down, 
scap-u-lec'to-my. Surgical removal of the scapula 
scap'u-len. Belonging to the scapula in itself. 


I'Z 



Scapula of Left Side, Posterior 
View. — i. Supraspinous fossa. 2. 
Infraspinous fossa. 3. Superior 
border. 4. Coracoid notch. 5. In¬ 
ferior border. 6. Glenoid cavity. 
7. Inferior angle. 8. Neck. 9. Pos¬ 
terior border or base. 10, ii. 
Spine. 12. Acromion. 13. One of 
the nutrient foramina. 14. Cora¬ 
coid process. (Leidy.) 






SCAPULO- 


860 


scap'u-lo-. Relating to the scapula or shoulder: 
a combining form, scap’u-lo-cla-vic'u-lar, per¬ 
taining to the scapula and the clavicle, as 5 . 
arch = PECTORAL ARCH and S. muscle, a rare band 
of muscle fibres, outside of the subclavius, joined 
to the upper border of the clavicle and scapula. 

— scap'u-lo-cor'a-coid, relating to the scapula and 
the coracoid process, as S. arch = pectoral arch. 

— scap*u-lo-dyn'i a, pain in the region of the 
scapula or the shoulder, as 5 . rheumai'ica = 
OMALGIA. — scap’u-lo-hu'me-ral, relating to the 
scapula and the humerus, as 5 . amputation, am¬ 
putation of the arm at the shoulder=joint; 5 . 
artery, the posterior circumflex artery, and 5 . 
atrophic myopathy, progressive muscular atrophy 
involving the muscles of the upper arm and 
shoulder and of the thighs and buttocks.— scap’- 
u-lo-ra'di al, relating to the scapula and radius. 

— scap'u-lo-ver'te-bral, relating to the scapula 
and the vertebral column.— scap-u-lo-zo'na, the 
shoulder-girdle. 

sca'pus pi'li. A shaft of hair. The body or main 
part of a hair, distinguished from the root, or 
the part implanted in the skin. [L.] 
scar. = Cicatrix. [< fcr;:t;dpa scab.] 

Scarenzio’s treatment or method (sca-rmt'si-6z). 
Treatment of syphilis by subcutaneous injections 
of calomel suspended in a menstruum, 
scarf'sskin, scurfsskin. The cuticle or epidermis. 
scar*i-fi-ca'tion. The operation of making small 
superficial incisions or punctures through the 
skin or the mucous membrane with a lancet or 
scarificator, usually with a view to local deple¬ 
tion. [ < L. scarifica're to scratch open.] 
scar'i-fi-ca-tor. i. i3- Scarification. 2. An in¬ 
strument with a blunt edge used in tooth*extrac- 
tion for separating the gum from the tooth, 
scar'i-fi-er. fscar'i-fy. 

scar-la-ti'na. Scarlet fever, an acute, specific, con¬ 
tagious febrile disorder with a marked scarlet 
coloration of the body, desquamation, and sore 
throat, and often followed by acute nephritis or 
otitis. It begins with chills, vomiting, sore throat, 
and fever, the rash appearing on the second day 
on the chest and spreading over the whole body. 
The fever increases with the eruption, the tongue 
becomes swollen and red (“ strawberry tongue ”), 
and frequently there are delirium and great 
prostration, Dukes’s disease. S. angino'sa, 
scarlatina with marked throat symptoms. S. 
lasviga'ta, the common variety with confluent 
spots. S. la'tens, a form manifested in kidney 
disease, or some resulting complication, but one in 
which no rash or fever is noticed. S. malig'na, a 
variety with severe symptoms and great prostra¬ 
tion, often ending fatally. S. milia'ris, a variety 
accompanied by miliary papules with turbid con¬ 
tents. S. papulo'sa, a variety in which the spots 
are point*like and develop into innumerable small 
papules. S. petechia'lis (haemorrhag'ica), a form 
complicated with hemorrhages from the skin and 
the body-cavities. S. puerpera'lis, a variety con¬ 
sidered by some as a special form of puerperal 
septic infection and by others as scarlatina which 
has been suppressed during pregnancy; erythema 
diffusum; porphyra. Vesication and pustulation 
of the affected parts sometimes follow it. S. sim'- 
plex, simple scarlet fever, a mild form of scarla¬ 
tina, attended with little or no soreness of the 
throat. S. si'ne exanthem'ate, a form which has 
only very slight discoloration of the skin or lacks 
it entirely, but has all the other symptoms. S. 


SCARPA’S FASCIA 

variega'ta, a form with non-confluent spots. [L. 
Feminine singular of scarlati'nus scarlet, fe'bris 
being understood.] fscar-la-ti'nal or scar-lat'i- 
nous, as 5. angina, the throat complications 
occurring in scarlatina: S. nephritis, acute catar¬ 
rhal nephritis occurring as a sequel of scarlatina; 
5. rheumatism, a variety of rheumatism some¬ 
times proceeding to suppuration, occurring in 
scarlet fever. 5. sepsis, sepsis resulting from 
scarlatina: S. synovitis , synovitis due to an attack 
of scarlet fever: and S. tongue, the red, swollen 
tongue (“strawberry tongue”) of scarlatina, 
scar-la-tin'i-form; scar-lat'i-noid. scar-la-ti-no'- 
sis, the poisoned condition caused by the specific 
scarlatinal toxin. 

scar'let fever. = Scarlatina. S. red, an important 
histological stain for fat, with a stimulating 
action on growing epithelial cells, as in the heal¬ 
ing of chronic ulcers and sluggish skin conditions ; 
ponceau (Fr.); Scharlach Roth (Ger.); used thera¬ 
peutically in 8% ointment for healthy, granulat¬ 
ing ulcers, etc. Sudan. S. rash. i. Scarlet 
fever. 2. A scarlet eruption seen in some cases 
of septicaemia. 

scar-li-e'vo. =Scherlievo. 

Scar'pa’s fascia. That part of the deep layer of the 
superficial abdominal fascia which crosses Pou- 
part’s ligament. S.’s fluid, the endolymph of the 
ear. S.’s foramen, ^-pal¬ 
atine canal, anterior. 

S.’s ganglion, a ganglion 
in the internal auditory 
canal where the facial 
nerve and the vestibu¬ 
lar branch of the audi¬ 
tory nerve join: facial 
ganglion; geniculate 
ganglion; intumescentia 
gangliformis. S.’s hab¬ 
enula, Haller’s habenula. 

S.’s hiatus. i.= Helico- 


Scarpa’s Triangle. 
A. Poupart’s liga- 
.4, T A ment. B. Adduc- 

A. Scarpa, Italian An.\to- tor longus. C. Sar- 

mist, 1747—1832. torius. 

TREMA*. 2. =WiNSLOw’s foramen. S.’s ligature, 
a ligature in which a fold of linen is placed around 
the vessel, the ligature being tied above. S.’s liq¬ 
uor, the endolymph. S.’s membrane, the membrane 
closing in the fenestra rotunda. S.’s nerve, the 
nasopalatine nerve. S.’s shoe, a shoe devised by 
Sca:^a to correct club-foot with inward distortion 
{talipes varus) . S.’s staphyloma, posterior staphy¬ 
loma (Staphyloma of the posterior scleral segment. 
S.’s triangle or larger fossa of Scarpa, the triangular 
depression in the thigh bounded by Poupart’s 
ligament, t^e inner edge of the sartorius, and the 
outer edge of the adductor longus; trigonum 
remorale [fossa Scar pee major]*. 








SCAT 


861 


SCHIFF'S TEST 


scat. An hermaphrodite. G. ’07.] 

Scat. An abbr. for L. scat'ula a box. 

scat-, scat'o-. Relating to faeces or dung; skat-; 

a combining form, Copr-, copro-. CKarog 
, dung.] sca-tae'mi a, sca-te'mi a, autointoxication 
due to retained faeces; scoraemia; scoretaemia.— 
scat-i-at'ri a, medical treatment based upon the 
character of the fecal matter.— scat-o-col'i-ca, 
fecal colic.— scat-o-cy'a-nin, a crystalline sub¬ 
stance derived from chlorophyll, discovered by E. 
Schunck (1901); by transmitted light, pale brown 
in color; by reflected light, purplish blue.— scat- 
o-di-ar-rhoe'a, fecal diarrhoea.— sca'tol = sKATOL. 

— sca-tol'o-gy, the study of the faeces. — sca- 
toph'a-gy == COPROPHAGY. fsca-toph'a-gous.— 
sca-tos'co-py, inspection of the faeces; formerly, 
divination of diseases by examination of the faeces. 

— scat'o-sin, a base, CioHigN202. 
scatt. Malignant anthrax. 

scat'u-la. A box used for pills or powders. [L.] 
scat-u-la'tion. The state of being encased. S. 

theory = EMBOiTEMENT. [< L. scat'ula a box.] 
Scau'rus stria'tus. A beetle; the host of the larval 
stage of Hymenole'pis diminu'ta. 
scav'en-ger cell. i. A lymph*cell in the neuroglia of 
the nervous tissue, said to assist in carrying off 
effete and destructive material. 2. = Phagocyte. 
seel-, scelo- (sd-, sd'o-). Relating to the legs: a 
combining form. [< cKeTiog leg.] sce-lal'gia, 
pain in the leg.— sceTi-des, a mammal’s posterior 
limbs.— sceho-cam-bo'sis = genu varum. — scel- 
o-did'y-mus = ischiopagus. — sce-lom'e-ter, an 
apparatus for measuring the lower limbs in dis¬ 
locations or fractures.— scel-o-tyr'be, literally, 
“ leg*commotion,” a form of shaking palsy 
usually attended with a contracted state of the 
limbs. S. ag'itans (f esti'nans) , paralysis agitans. 
S. febri'lis = SUBSULTUS tendinum. S. pituito'sa 
= PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS ENTERITIS. S. Spas'tica, 

ataxia due to chronic spasms of the lower limbs. 
S. tarantis'mus = chorea. 

Schacher’s ganglion (shaen'^rz). The ophthalmic 
ganglion. 

Schachowa’s spiral tubule (sha-CHo'vaz). = Spiral 
TUBULE OF SCHACHOWA. 

Schaefer’s dumbsbells ( she'ierz ). Microscopical, 
dumbsbelbshaped bodies found in striated mus¬ 
cular tissue. S.’s method, a method of artificial 
respiration in which the patient is laid prone on 
the ground, the head being placed so as to fall 
downward and to one side, with the tongue hang¬ 
ing out of the mouth. The manipulator kneels 
at the side of the patient, or perhaps across his 
buttocks, and presses firmly upon the back over 
the lower ribs. By relieving the pressure, the 
normal elasticity of the ribs draws air into the 
lungs. In this way from 6,000 to 12,000 Cc. of 
air interchange per minute can be brought about, 
and this is amply sufficient to maintain efficient 
respiration. S.’s reflex or sign, slight flexion of the 
foot and toes in organic hemiplegia, on pinching of 
the Achilles tendon at its middle or upper third. 
Babinski’s toe phenomenon has the same signifi¬ 
cance as this reflex. 

Schafhirt’s tapeworm remedy (shaf'hirts). A mix¬ 
ture of pomegranate, 240 grs.; magnesia, 80 grs.; 
vinegar of colchicum, 4 fl. drs.; syrup of saffron, 
4 fl. drs.; and peppermint water, 5 fl. oz. 
Scharlach Roth. = Scarlet red. [Ger.] 

Schatz’s method. A variety of external manipula¬ 
tions by which a face or brow presentation is con¬ 
verted into one of the vertex. 


Schau-dinn’s' organism. =Treponema pallidum. 
[Fritz Schaudinn, German bacteriologist, 1871- 
1906.] 

Schede’s method (sh^'dfz). A method of treating 
necrosis of bone by scraping away the dead bone 
and keeping moi.st and aseptic the clot of blood 
that fills the cavity. 

Scheele’s green (she'kz). = Copper arsenite. 

[K. W. Scheele, Swedish chemist, i742-’86.] 
schee'lite. j^Tungsten. tschee'lium = tungsten. 
Scheibler’s reagent (shai'bkrz). Phosphotungstic 
acid: used as a precipitant for alkaloids. 
Scheiner’s experiment (shai'n^rz). The viewing of 
an object with one eye through two pin=holes not 
over 2 mm. apart in a card. If the needle placed 
behind the card is in focus, only one image is 
seen; if not, blurring is produced, 
sche'ma. i. A simple diagram by which to illus¬ 
trate a complex mechanism. 2. The plan or 
arrangement of a subject. [<iGxvpo, form.] 
fsche-mat'ic, as S. eye, a model or diagram 
showing the proportions, etc., of an eye. 
sche'mo-graph. An instrument by which the out¬ 
line of the field of vision is traced, the perimeter 
being used to measure the field. 

Schenck’s method (shencs). Determination of the 
sex of infants by regulating the diet before and 
during pregnancy: based on the theory that 
“ when no sugar is secreted, not even the smallest 
quantity, then the ovum will be developed which 
is qualified to become a male child.” 

Scherer’s tests for inosite, leucine, and tyrosine (she'- 
r^rs). Treatment of these substances with nitric 
acid and evaporation on a platinum foil: inosite 
showing after addition of calcium chloride solu¬ 
tion with ammonia, a rose=red residue; leucine, 
after the addition of sodium hydroxide, a pale 
yellow to brown residue; and tyrosine forming a 
yellow residue (nitrotyrosine) which upon the ad¬ 
dition of caustic soda turns deep reddish yellow. 
Scher'ing’s lamp. A lamp for generating formalde¬ 
hyde gas in the presence of vapor, 
scherlievo (sc^r-li-e'v6). The local name in Illyria 
and Dalmatia for a disease of syphilitic char¬ 
acter, analogous to the Norwegian radesyge; 
scarlievo; morbus croatus; morbus flumeniensis: 
morbus illyricus; mal or maladie de Fiume 
sche-ro'ma. Dryness of the eye, owing to a de¬ 
ficiency of the lachrymal secretion. [< 
dry land, or ^ffpog dry.] 

-schesis. A suffix denoting suppression, as in 

SIALOSCHESIS. 

Scheut'zia laughli'ni. A micro*organism in the 
blood which has been found in dengue. 

Schiassi’s operation (shgs'siz). Formation of an 
omental anastomosis establishing a collateral 
circulation for the portal blood. 

Schiefferdecker’s ax'oplasm (shif'er-d^CH-^rz). The 
interfibrillary substance by which the fibril- 
lae of the axis^cylinders of nerve=fibres are sur¬ 
rounded. S.’s intermediate disk, the assumed 
filling*in substance of the space between the 
sheath of Schwann and the axis*cylinder at 
Ranvier’s nodes. On staining with silver nitrate 
it appears as a black line, forming the horizontal 
branch of Ranvier’s Latin cross. 

Schiess’s serum (shis-tz). Sodium chloride, 75 Gm.; 

sodium bicarbonate, 50 Gm.; and water, 1000 Cc. 
Schiff’s test (shffs). i. A test for carbohydrates in 
the urine, made by warming the urine with sul¬ 
phuric acid and exposing to the fumes of the 
urine a paper dipped in a mixture of equal 


SCHINDYLESIS 


862 SCHLESINGER’S TYPE OF SYRINGOMYELIA 


volumes of xylidin and glacial acetic acid with a 
little alcohol, and dried: a red color will be pro¬ 
duced. 2. A test for cholesterin, made by add¬ 
ing a reagent consisting of 2 parts of sulphuric 
acid with i part of dilute solution of ferric 
chloride, when a violet color will be produced. 
3. A test for cholesterin, made by evaporating 
with nitric acid and adding ammonia, when a red 
color will be produced which is not alterable by 
fixed alkalies. 4. A test for urea, made by add¬ 
ing a mixture of solution of furfurol with hydro¬ 
chloric acid, when a purple color will be formed, 
turning to brownish black. 5. A test for uric 
acid, made by treating silver nitrate paper with 
an alkaline solution of uric acid, when a brown 
stain will be formed. 

schin-dy-le'sis, schin-da-le'sis. A variety of synar¬ 
throsis, in which one bone is received into a 
slit in another, as the vomer into the sphenoid. 
[< oxLvdbTitjGiq a splitting.] tschin-dy-let'ic. 

Schi'nus. A genus of anacardiaceous trees, of which 
S. mol'le, the pepper=tree of tropical America, 
and cultivated in California, furnishes a fruit 
which is a stimulant and diuretic: the gum is 
purgative and said to remove corneal opacity. 

schis'ma. Fissure; rima. 

schisto-, schiz-, schizo- (scfs'to-, sciz-, scfz'o-). Re¬ 
lating to a fissure or split: a combining form. 
[< axioTog cleft.] schis-to-ceph'a-lus. i. A mon- 
stersfoetus having the head cleft or fissured. 2. 
The quality or state of having a cleft head.— 
schis-to-coe'li a, schis-to-ce'li a, congenital fissure 
of the abdomen.— schis-to-coe'lus, a monster with 
fissure of the abdomen.— schis-to-cor'mus, a 
monstrosity with fissure of the abdomen, neck, or 
thorax.— schis-to-cys'tis, fissure of the bladder. 

— schis'to-cyte or schiz'o-cyte, a blood^corpuscle 
which is undergoing structural decay and frag¬ 
mentation. Parasitiferous s., the divided half of 
the blood^corpuscle containing the parasite.— 
schis'to-cy-to'sis or schiz*- 
o-cy-to'sis. I. An accu¬ 
mulation of schistocytes 
in the blood. 2. The proc¬ 
ess of splitting bloods 
vessels. — schis-to-glos'- 
si a, fissure of the tongue. 

— schis-to-meTi a, con¬ 
genital fissure of one or 
more extremities, fschis- 
tom'e-lus. — schis-tom'e- 
ter, an instrument by 
which the distance be¬ 
tween the vocal chords is 
measured.— schis'to-pro- 
so'pi a, fissure of the face 
due to defective develop¬ 
ment; prosoposchisis. 

Aprosopia. fschis'to-pro- 
so'pus.— schis-tor'rha- 
chis, schis-to'rha-chis, 
spina bifida.— Schistoso'- 
ma. A genus of trema- 
todes, of which the most 
important species is S. haemato'bium, the African 
bloodsfluke of Egypt, the Transvaal, etc., also oc¬ 
curring sporadically in other countries. Infec¬ 
tion occurs through the skin or by way of the 
drinking-water, and the adults live in pairs in the 
portal veins, the filiform female being enclosed 
in the gynaecophoric canal of the shorter and 
broader male. They may infect the intestine 


and genito-urinary tract, producing eggs (150/^ 
by 60/ii, with a terminal or lateral spine) which 
work through the tissues, being found especially 
in the submucosa of the bladder and rectum, 
cause haematuria, and are discharged in the urine 
and faeces. S. japon'icum or cattoi, an Asiatic 
blood-fluke causing a disease endemic in certain 
parts of China and Japan, resembling bilhar- 
ziosis or cirrhosis of the liver. The organism 
has also been found in the Philippine Islands.— 
schis-to-so'mus, a monster with eventration of 
the entire abdomen, and with the lower extrem¬ 
ities absent or only little developed, fschis-to- 
so'mi a.— schis-to-ster'ni a, -tho'rax, fissure of the 
sternum or chest.— schis'to-tra-cheTus, congen¬ 
ital fissure of the neck.— schiz-a-trich'i a or schiz- 
o-trich'i a, splitting of the ends of the hair.— schi- 
zax'on, an axon whose two branches are equal or 
nearly so.— schiz-o-ble-pha'ri a, fissure of an eye¬ 
lid.— schiz'o-cyte = schistocyte. fschiz-o-cy- 
to'sis = scHisTOCYTOsis.— schiz-o-gen'e-sis, fis¬ 
sion reproduction.— schiz'o-gone, the asexual 
generation in the malarial parasite. [T| E. ’06.]— 
schi-zog'o-ny, schiz-o-go'ni a. i. =Schizogene- 
sis. 2. The eventual splitting up of the contents 
of the oocyst into swarm spores, fschiz-o-gon'ic. 
— Schizom'yees or Schizomy'cete, pi. Schizomyce'- 
tes, an individual of a group or order of Fun'gi, 
including Bacteria, Bacilli, etc.; fission-fungus. 
It is an achlorophyllous unicellular vegetable or¬ 
ganism reproducing either by a process of fission 
or by spore-formation or in both ways, fschiz*- 
o-my-cet'ic. schiz-o-my-co'sis, disease due to the 
presence of Schizomyce'tes in the body.— Schizo- 
neu'ra lani'gera, the woolly aphis, the cause of 
canker of the apple tree.— schiz'ont, a malarial 
parasite of the asexual generation; monont;ou- 
deterospore; sporocyte: so termed by Schaudinn. 
The coccidian mother-cell gives rise, by multiple 
division, to merozoits t3r Malaria.— Schizosac- 
charomy'ces octos'porus. — Schizosi'- 

phon, a genus of schizomycetes with flagellated 
filaments.— schiz-o-trich'i a = schizatrichia. 

Schlammfieber (shlam'fi-ber). A disease prevalent 
in the summer of 1891 among the young people 
working in the flooded districts near Breslau. 

Schlange’s sign (shlang'ez). Dilation above and 
absence of peristaltic movements below the point 
obstructed in cases of obstruction of the intestine. 

Schlatter’s operation (shlat-^rz). Total extirpation 
of the stomach for cancer. 

Schleich’s infiltration anaesthesia (shlaicHs). The in¬ 
duction of anaesthesia by causing ischaemia by 
pressure of injected fluid; compression of ter¬ 
minal nerve filaments and direct paralysis of sen¬ 
sory nerves by cocaine. S. method of producing 
general anaesthesia, the administering of small 
doses of sulphuric and petroleum ethers, and 
chloroform. G. ’07.] S.’s solution, common 
salt, 3 grs.; cocaine hydrochloride, grs.; and 
morphine hydrochloride, ^ gr. dissolved in 3 ozs. 
and 3 drs. sterilized water. [Tf G. ’07.] 

Schlemm’s canal (shlemz). The minute annular 
venous canal situated at the junction of the 
cornea and the sclerotica; scleral sinus; circular 
sinus; Lauth’s canal; venous corneas; sinus veno- 
sus sclerae [canalis Schlemmi, Lautht]*. S.’s 
ligaments = glenoideobrachial ligaments, 
[F. Schlemm, German anatomist, 1795-1858.] 

Schlippe’s salt (shh'p'^z). Sodium sulphantimoniate. 

Schlesinger’s type of syringomyelia (shks'ing-gerz; 
Dprsolqmbar type. 



Schistosoma H.®mato- 
BiUM. (Braun.) 


SCHULTZE’S CELLS 


SCHLOSSER'S METHOD 863 

SchlSsser’s method or treatment (shlos'erz)- The 
treatment for neuralgia by injection of alcohol 
into the affected nerve. 

Schmerz'freu-de. = Pain^joy. [Ger.] 
SchmidtsLantermann’s lines (shmt'tslanPfr-manz). 
Lines in the medullary sheath running obliquely 
to the axisscylinder. S.sL.’s segments, elongated 
pieces apparently making up the medullary sub¬ 
stance of nervesfibres. They are seen after treat¬ 
ment of the fibre with osmic acid. 

Schmidt’s arrow=markings (shmfts). Unexplained 
lines sometimes observed upon the axis^cylinders 
of nerves. S.’s horizontal plane, a plane tangent 
to the superior roots of the zygomatic arches and 
the inferior border of the orbits. S.’s incisures, 
fissures separating the segments of Lantermann. 
S.’s method, demonstration of functional disturb¬ 
ances of the intestines by determining the 
amount of fecal fermentation, after a prescribed 
diet. S.’s modiolus, a modiolus for estimating 
the volume of the cranium, obtained by multiply¬ 
ing together the maximum length, breadth, and 
height, and dividing by three. S.’s nodes, medul- 
lated interannular segments of nerve=fibres. S.’s 
test. I. A test for sugar, in which lead acetate is 
added and then precipitated with ammonia. On 
heating the white precipitate remains unchanged 
if cane* or milk-sugar is present, but is changed 
to orange if glucose is present. 2. The absolute 
weight of the lungs of a child which has breathed 
is more than those of one which has not: an 
unreliable static test. S.’s theory of coagulation, 
fibrinoplastin (paraglobulin) 4-fibrin-ferment 
(thrombin) + fibrinogen = fibrin. 

Schmiedeberg’s ferratin (shmi'de-bergz). A nuclein 
of the liver containing iron; Zaleski’s hepatin. 

Schmiedel’s ganglion (shmi'dflz). The inferior ca¬ 
rotid ganglion. 

Schneiderian membrane (shnai-di'ri-an). The mu¬ 
cous membrane lining the interior of the nose 
and cavities directly connected with it; pituitary 
(olfactory) membrane; memhrana mucosa nasi*. 
[<C. V. Schneider, German anatomist, 1614-1680.] 

Scholler’s method (schol'erz). Induction of prema¬ 
ture labor by tamponing the vagina with charpie. 

Schbnbein’s reaction for copper (schon'bainz). Pro¬ 
duction of a blue coloration when tincture of 
guaiac and potassium cyanide is added to a solu¬ 
tion of copper salt. 

Schonlein’s disease, peliosis, or purpura (schon'lainz). 

A disease marked by multiple arthritis, fever, and 
an eruption of varying character sometimes pur¬ 
puric, but often erythematous or associated with 
urticaria; purpura rheumatica; peliosis rheuma- 
tica. S.’s triad or sign, the gastro*intestinal dis¬ 
orders, purpuric eruption, and rheumatic symp¬ 
toms, in Schonlein’s disease. [J. L. Schonlein, 
German physician, 1793-1864.] 

Schon’s theory of accommodation (shonz). That 
the same effect is produced on the lens by the 
contraction of the ciliary muscle as the compres¬ 
sion of the fingers produces on a rubber ball when 
held in both hands. 

Scholl’s method. Percussion upon the middle one 
of three of the fingers applied to the chest. 

school'smade chorea. Chorea due to overstimula¬ 
tion, overwork, or overstudy at school. 

Schott’s method or treatment (shots), i. Saline car¬ 
bonated baths with resistance exercises: used in 
the treatment of myocardial heart disease at Nau¬ 
heim, Germany, but employed also at the home 
of the patient. 2. Treatment of anaemia, chronig 


rheumatism, and heart disease by resistant gym¬ 
nastic exercises and baths which contain artificial 
Nauheim salts. 

Schrapnell’s membrane. c^Membrana tympana. 

Schreger’s lines (shre'gerz). Curved lines on the 
dentin of a tooth, concentric with the surface; 
contour lines. The simultaneous curvature of the 
dentinal fibres produces the optical effect to 
which they are due. 

Schreiber’s maneuver (shrai'bcrz). Reinforcement 
of the patellar and Achilles tendon reflexes by 
friction of the skin of the inner side of the leg. 

Schrei'ner’s base. = Spermine. ^Buzzard’s. 

Schroder’s contraction ring (shro'dcrz), = Bandl’s 
RING. S.’s operation, i. An operation for col- 
porrhaphy, done by removing a long strip of the 
vaginal wall and suturing. 2. An operation for 
trachelorrhaphy, done by exsecting the whole 
erosion and suturing. 3. Removal of the entire 
body of the uterus by coeliotomy, with intraperi- 
toneal treatment of the pedicle. 4. Excision of 
the diseased mucous membrane of the cervix 
when affected with catarrh. S.’s test for urea, 
broihine in chloroform liberates nitrogen. 

Schrdn’s organism (shronz). A phthisiogenic mi¬ 
cro-organism found in the caseous masses of tu¬ 
berculous lungs: not the tubercle bacillus. 

Schroth’s method (shrots). Treatment of pleurisy 
with effusion by abstinence from fluids. 

Schiile’s sign (shii'kz). = Omega melancholicum. 

Schuller’s ducts (shiilVrz). Ducts of Skene’s glands 
in the female urethra. 

Schtiss'ler’s remedies. = Tissue remedies. 

Schuller’s bodies (shul'krz). Bodies found in cancer. 
[H J.A.M.A. j. ’06.] 

SchultzesChvostek’s sign (shulfse-CHvos'tecs). = 
Chvostek’s sign or symptom. 

Schultze’s cells (shult'sez). Specialized neuro-epi- 
thelial cells in the olfactory membrane, closely 
related to the beginnings of the olfactory nerve- 
fibres; olfactory cells. S.’s clearing method. 

J. H. Bui. ’06.] S.’s commasshaped tract, a small 
tract of descending fibres near the gray commis¬ 
sure in the postero-external column of the spinal 
cord. S.’s fold, a sickle-shaped fold of the amnion, 
extending from the point of insertion of the cord 
into the placenta to the remains of the umbilical 
vesicle. S.’s granular masses, granular masses 
found in the blood and consisting largely of 
broken-down blood-platelets. S.’s method, re¬ 
suscitation of the still-born fetus by holding by 
the axilla, throwing the legs of the child upward, 
thus bending the body and compressing the 
thorax, and then resuming the straight position. 
S.’s phantom, a model of the female pelvis used 
in teaching obstetrics, ^’s position of the pla¬ 
centa, the position which tne placenta takes when 
the periphery is not expelled until after the 
central part. S.’s reagent, iodine dissolved to 
saturation in a chloride of zinc solution to which 
the iodide of potassium has been added. A blue 
color is given by cellulose. [T[ Raymond.] S.’s 
test for cholesterin, with nitric acid evaporate to 
dryness. If cholesterin be present the residue is 
yellow, changing to yellowish red on adding am¬ 
monia. [H G. ’07.] S.’s test for proteids, add a 
few drops of a dilute solution of cane-sugar to a 
solution of the proteid; then add concentrated 
sulphuric acid. A bluish-red color is produced 
when warmed and kept at a temperature of 60° 
C. (140° F.). S.’s vibrations = Chvo§tpk’s sign 
qr symptom. 


SCHUMBERG’S METHOD 


8(54 


SCIRRHUS 


Schum'berg’s method. A method of sterilizing 
drinking water with bromine and ammonia. 
Schuster’s method (shus'terz). Treatment of syph¬ 
ilis by inunction of the skin with mercurial soap. 
Schwabach’s test or sign (shwa'bacHs). The short¬ 
ening of the perception of a vibrating tuning* 
fork placed upon the cranium when the deafness 
is due to a central cause and its prolongation in 
cases of middle=ear disease. 

Schwalbe’s convolution (shwal'bez). The middle 
parieto*occipital convolution. S.’s fissures, the 
anterior occipital and supercentral fissures. S.’s 
limiting ring, a ring formed next the cornea by 
certain of the fibres of the pectinate ligament, 
which pursue a circular course. S.’s sheath, a 
sheath covering elastic fibres of delicate texture. 
S.’s space, the space beneath the sheath of the 
optic nerve. S.’s supravaginal space, the lymph* 
space around the optic nerve. 

Schwann’s membrane or nucleated sheath (shwanz). 
The neurilemma. S.’s primitive bundle, muscular 
fibre. S.’s theory = Rokitansky’s THEORY. S.’s 
white substance = myelin. [Theodore Schwann, 
German physiologist, 1810-1882.] 

Schwartze’s operation (shwarts'ez). Opening of the 
mastoid cells by hammer and chisel. 

Schwarz’s reaction for sulphonal (shwarts'fz). 
Heating the sulphonal with charcoal evolves the 
odor of mercaptan. S.’s serum or solution. So¬ 
dium chloride, 6 Gm.; solution of cau.stic soda, 
2 drops; water, 1000 Cc. 

Schweinerothlauf (shwai-nf-rot'lauf). An infectious 
disease of hogs, due to Bacil'lus erysipel'atos 
su'is, characterized by reddish blotches and by 
fever; hog erysipelas; rouget du pore. [Ger.] 
Schweinfurth green (shwain'furt). Copper aceto* 
arsenite; Paris green. 

Schweizer’s reagent (shwait'serz). Solution of hy¬ 
drated cupric oxide in ammonia, which is a 
solvent of cellulose. 

Schwel'le (shvH'f)- = Threshold. [Ger.] 
Schweninger’s cure (shwm'mg-crz). A method of 
treatment for obesity closely resembling Ortel’s 
method: based on decrease of the amount of 
. liquid taken, with regulated exercise. 
Schwimmer’s ointment (shv/fm'erz). A mixture of 
carbolic acid, chalk, and olive oil: applied in 
smallpox to prevent pitting, 
sciage (si-azh). A massage movement consisting of 
a sawing with the ulnar border of the hand. [F.] 
sci-ag'ra-phy, etc. = Skiagraphy, etc. 

3ci-at'ic. I. Belonging to the ischium. r^IscHi- 
ATic. 2. Relating to the sciatic nerve. S. artery, 
one of the terminal branches of the internal iliac 
artery, emerging from the great sacrosciatic fora¬ 
men and supplying principally the miiscles on the 
back of the pelvis. S. dislocation, dislocation of 
the femur upon the ischium. S. foramen, the 
sacrosciatic foramen. S. hernia, hernia through 
the sacrosciatic foramen. Great s. nerve, a large 
nerve*trunk formed by union of the lumbosacral 
cord with the first three sacral nerves; N. ischia- 
dicus*. It runs down the back of the thigh and 
divides into the external and internal popliteal 
nerves. Small s. nerve, a branch of the sacral 
plexus supplying the skin of the thigh, leg, but¬ 
tocks, and perineum. S. neuralgia or neuritis = 
SCIATICA. Great s. notch = sacrosciatic notch, 
GREAT. Small s. notch = sacrosciatic notch, 
small. S. plexus, the upper part of the sacral 
plexus, made up of the lumbosacral cord and the 
anterior branches of the first two sacral nerves. 


S. region, the region of the hips. S. scoliosis == 
SCOLIOSIS. S. spine = SPINE OF THE ischium. S. 
tuber = tuber ischiadicum’’'. S. veins, veins 
having the same general course as the sciatic 
arteries, emptying into the internal iliac veins, 
sci-at'i-ca. Neuralgia of the great sciatic nerve; 
sciatic neuralgia; ischiagra. Sciatica is signal¬ 
ized by paroxysmal pain, with numbness, tin¬ 
gling, and tenderness, in any or all of the follow¬ 
ing localities: the buttock; the back of the thigh; 
the knee; the front, back, and outside of the leg; 
and the whole foot except its inner border. 
Among the exciting causes of sciatica are expo¬ 
sure of the limb to a draught of cold air for a 
long time; sitting on a cold or damp seat; strains; 
concussion of the spine. It is dependent upon 
inflammation of the nerve, 
sci'ence. Knowledge; learning; skill. The knowb 
edge of many persons methodically digested and 
arranged so as to become attainable by one. 
The knowledge of reasons and their conclusions 
constitutes abstract, that of causes and effects and 
of the laws of nature concrete science, fsci-en- 
tif'ic. 

sci-e-ro'pi a. A visual defect in which objects seem 
dark. [< GKiepog shadowy + cn}) eye.] 

Scil'la*, gen. scU'Icb. i. Squill, a genus of liliaceous 
plants. 2. The U. S. P. title of the bulb of Ur gin'- 
ea marit'irna, deprived of its dry, membranaceous 
outer scales, cut into thin slices and carefully 
dried, the central portions being rejected. It has 
expectorant and diuretic properties, and in large 
doses is emetic and purgative. Dose, 0.125 Gm. 
(2 grs.). ^Acetum scillaj*; fluidextr.yctum 

SCILLAE*; SYRUPUS SCILL.^:*; SYRUPUS SCILLAi 

compositus*; tinctura scill/e*. From scilla 
are obtained scil-la'in, an amorphous, poisonous 
glucoside; scil-la-ma'rine and scil-la'nine, bitter 
principles; scil'lin, a yellowish, crystalline gluco¬ 
side; scil-li-pic'rin, a yellow, amorphous, bitter 
principle; scil'li-tin, an active diuretic principle; 
and scil-li-tox'in, a brown, amorphous compound 
which acts as a cardiac poison somewhat resem¬ 
bling digitalis. S. nu'tans, harebell, a species 
furnishing a gum having the properties of gum 
arabic. [< OKilTia squill.] fscil-Ut'ic. scil'lism, 
poisoning with tinctures or extracts of scilla. 
scil-lo-ceph'a-lous. Having a pointed, bulb*shaped 
head. [< (TKl? 2 .a squill KE<pal 7 j head.] 
Scindap'sus officina'lis. An Oriental mediciflal plant. 
Scinde boil, Oriental sore. 
scin-til-la'tion. i. Emission of sparks. 2. Subjec¬ 
tive visual sensation of sparks, fscin'til-la-ting, 
as 5 . scotoma = Scotoma scintill.\ns. 
scirrh-, scir'rho-. Denoting hardness: a combining 
form. c®-ScLERO-. [<f7/iv'ppor hard.] scir-rhen- 
can'thus, a hard tumor of the lachrymal gland.— 
scirTho-bleph-a-ron'cus, a hard tumor of the eye¬ 
lid.— scir-rho-gas'tri a, scirrhus of the stomach. 
— scir'rhoid, resembling scirrhus.— scir-rho'ma 
= SCIRRHUS. S. caminiano'rum, chimneyssweep- 
ers’ cancer; soot*cancer.— scir-rhoph-thal'mi a, 
scirrhus of the eyeball.— scir-rho-sar'ea, sclero¬ 
derma ; sclerema neonatorum. — scir-rho'sis = 

SCIRRHUS. 

scir'rhus, scir-rho'sis. A hard indolent tumor; 
more particularly, scirrhous cancer, with dense 
fibrous stroma. [<c7A:/ppof hard tumor.] tscir'- 
rhous, as S. bronchocele, cancer of the thyroid 
gland: 5 . cancer, alveolar cancer in which connec¬ 
tive tissue predominates: and S. polypus, a hard, 
carcinomatous polypus. 


SCISSION 


SCLERO- 


8Ho 


scis'sion. Splitting; fission. [< L. scin'dere to 
cut.] tscis'sile, capable of being split or divided. 
8cis-si-par'i-ty. Reproduction by fission; fissip- 
arism. tscis-sip'a-rous. 
scis'sorsleg. =Cross*leg deformity. 
scis'sors. A cutting instrument consisting of two 
blades crossing each other and moving on a 
pivot. Specially named varieties are Canalic¬ 
ular, Cannula, Craniotomy, Jewish, Skin» 
grafting. S. probe, a slim surgical scissors which 
may be used like a probe, 
scis'sum lin'teum. = Split cloth. [L.] 
scis-su'ra. A fissure or cleft. [L.] S. pilo'rum, 
splitting of the hair, 
scit'ta. Dysentery. 

Scivoletto’s test (shtv-o-kt'oz). A test for hydri- 
odic acid in the urine, made by dipping filter* 
paper in starch paste and drying it, then 
sprinkling it with urine and hanging it in a flask 
containing a solution of strontium acetate, when 
a blue color will be formed. 

Scla'vo’s serum. A blood*serum employed in the 
treatment of anthrax. 

scle'ra*. The sclerotic coat of the eye; white of 
the eye; sclerotica. Scleral. S. tes'tis, 
the tunica albuginea of the testis. [ < L.] 
scle-rac'ne. =Acne indurata. 
scleTad-e-ni'tis. Induration of a gland. es'Buno. 
scle'ral. Pertaining to the sclera or sclerotic coat. 
S. foramen = OPTIC foramen of the sclerotic. 
Anterior s. foramen, the opening in the anterior 
portion of the sclera in which the cornea is set; 
corneal interval; foramen corneae; rima cornealis*. 
S. nerves, fine branches of the ciliary nerves, 
without medullary sheaths, in the substance of 
the sclerotica. S. portion, cornea. S. proc¬ 
esses, the edges of the sclera overlapping the 
comeal margin. S. raph6 = RAPH6 scler.®. S. 
rim, a crest=like edge surrounding the internal 
opening of the sclerotica; pecten sclerae. S. ring, 
a whitish circle, seen with the ophthalmoscope, 
immediately surrounding the optic disk, being an 
edge of the sclera which shows through the cho¬ 
roidal aperture. S. sinus = Schlemm’s canai.. 
S. staphyloma = staphyloma scler.^e. S. sulcus, 
a shallow depression running around the cornea 
and marking the junction of the surfaces of the 
cornea and the sclerotic; sulcus sclerae*. 
scle-ran'gi a. The sense of hardness of a vessel, as 
felt J)y the finger. i^Angiosclerosis. 
scle-ra-ti'tis. =Sci.eritis. 

scle-rec-ta'si a. Scleral bulging, t®* Staphyloma. 
scle-rec'to-my. Excision of a part of the sclerotic 
coat, or of the sclerosed parts in the middle ear 
after otitis media. 

scle-re'ma, scle-re'mi a, or scle-re'mus. Hardening, 
or sclerosis, of a tissue, especially of the skin; 
scleroma; sclerodermia; sclerostenosis cutanea. 
S. adipo'siim, a grave form of sclerema neonato¬ 
rum, characterized by an extremely hard skin, 
adherence to the subcutaneous tissues, and 
atrophy. S. adultor'um, sclerema in adults; true 
keloid, according to Addison. S. cu'tis = scle¬ 
roderma. S. neonato'rum, “ sclerema of new* 
born children,” a disease of early infancy, usually 
incurable, characterized by hardening and tight¬ 
ening of the skin, so that all movement becomes 
impossible; divided into S. adiposum and S. 
cEDEMATOStJM. S. oedemato'sum, a form of sclere¬ 
ma neonatorum usually fatal, characterized by 
oedema of the skin, with induration, subnormal 
temperatuD. and impairment of muscular action; 

56 


compact oedema of infants. S. partia'le, a form 
of sclerema limited to certain portions of the skin. 
is- Sclerodactylia. S. universa'le, a variety in 
which the entire skin is attacked simultaneously, 
or in which the hardening spreads over the entire 
skin; carcinus eburneus; cutis tensa chronica; 
elephantiasis sclerosa; sclerosis corii. 
scle-ren-ce-pha'Ji a. Sclerosis of the brain, 
scle-ren'chy-ma, scler'en-chyme. Bast*fibres, or 
hard bast, in botany: by some the term is made 
to include all lignified fibrous cells or cellsderiva- 
tives. tscle-ren-chym'a-tous. 
scle-rer'y-thrin. A red pigment found in ergot, 
scle-ri'a-sis. Scleroderma; sclerema, 
scle-ri-rit'o-my. Incision of the sclera and the iris, 
followed by excision of a piece of the iris and of 
the anterior capsule, for anterior staphyloma, 
scle-ri'tis. Inflammation of the sclera; sclerotitis. 
When it exists alone it is known as Simple s. or 
episcleritis. It may be combined with inflamma¬ 
tion of the chorioid, iris, or cornea. Annular s., 
a brawny infiltration of the sclera. Anterior 
deep s. = sclerokeratitis. Anterior superficial 
s., episcleritis. 

scle'ro-. Relating to the sclera or sclerotica; de¬ 
noting hardness: a combining form. [< OKhjpoc 
hard.] scle*ro-cat-a-rac'ta, a hard cataract.— 
sclc’ro-cho-ri-oi-di'tis, scle’ro-cho-roi-di'tis, simul¬ 
taneous inflammation of the sclerotica and the 
chorioid. It is distinguished as anterior and pos¬ 
terior, the former involving the anterior portions 
of the sclera and connected with anterior staphy¬ 
loma, the latter associated with progressive myo¬ 
pia and connected with posterior staphyloma.— 
scle'ro-con-junc-ti'val, relating to the sclera and 
the conjunctiva.— scle’ro-con-junc-ti-vi'tis, scle- 
ritis and conjunctivitis occurring simultaneously. 
— scle-ro-cor'ne a, the sclera and the cornea 
taken together. Jscle-ro-cor'ne al, as 5 . juncture, 
the edge of juncture of the cornea and the scle¬ 
rotica.— scle-ro-crys'tal-line, a crystalline body, 
CjHjOj, obtained from ergot.— scle-ro-cy-clot'o- 
my, division of the ciliary muscle by Hancock’s 
operation.— sclcTO-dac-tyl'i a, -dac'tyle, -dac'ty- 
ly, scleroderma limited to the fingers and toes: 
occurs chiefly in women, is usually symmetrical, 
and gives rise to deformity. S. annula'ris ain- 
humoi'des, a form in which the terminal phalanges 
may be destroyed. i^-Ainhum. fscleTO-dac'tyl- 
ism. — scle-ro-der'ma, -der'mi a, a disease of the 
skin in which hard and rigid patches occur, often 
producing immobility of the underlying parts, 
S. adultorum; sclerema; scleriasis; hide*bound 
disease; dermatosclerosis. S. circumscrip'tum = 
morphcea. S. diffu'sa, a form which symmetri¬ 
cally involves the skin. S. neonato'rum = scle¬ 
rema neonatorum. S. oedemato'sa = sclerema 
cedematosum. Jscle-ro-der'ma-tous. — scle'ro- 
der'mites, chronic inflammations which cause 
hardening of the skin.— scleTo-der-mi'tis, cutane¬ 
ous inflammation with induration, tscle'ro-der- 
mit'ic.— scle-rosce-de'ma = sclerema cedemato¬ 
sum. — scle-ro-gen'ic, scle-rog'e-nous, producing 
.sclerous tissue, as 5 . method, i. Treatment of 
tuberculous disease of the joints by injection of 
zinc chloride. 2. According to Lannelongue, the 
treatment of tuberculous disease of joints and 
bones by placing around the tuberculous focus a 
hard, non*vascular wall, which makes the bacilli 
and their toxic products harmless, tscle-rog'e-ny, 
sclerous tissue formation.— scle'roid, having a 
hard texture.— scle-ro?i'o-dine, a bluish*biack 


SCLERO- 


866 


SCLEROSIS 


powder obtained from ergot. — scle-rosi-ri'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the sclerotica and the iris. — scle*- 
ro-ker-a-ti'tis, inflammation of the sclerotica and 
the cornea. —scle*ro-ker‘a-tosi-ri'tis, inflammation 
of the sclerotica, cornea, and iris. — scle-ro'ma, 
an abnormal hardness of a part, especially of the 
nasal and the laryngeal tissues; scleropathia, as 
5 . adM//o'rMW = scLERODERM.\, and 5 . respirato'- 
riMm = RHiNOSCLEROM.\. — sclc-ro-ma-to-cys'tis, 
induration of a cyst; induration of ’the urinary 
bladder; or of the galbbladder. — scle-ro-me'ninx, 
the dura mater. — scle'ro-mere, a skeletal segment 
or metamere. — scle-rom'e-ter, a device for the 
measurement of the hardness of substances.— 
scle-ro-mu'cin, a nonscrystallizable principle from 
ergot: said to possess ecbolic properties and con¬ 
sidered one of its active principles. [T| R. ’05.] — 
scle-ro-nych'i a, a persistent condition of the 
nails, characterized by considerable thickening, 
inelasticity, hardness, roughness, opacity, and by 
a yellow color and disappearance of the lunula. 

— scle-ro-nyx'is = scleroticonyxis. — scle*- 

roso-bph-o-ri'tis, sclerosing inflammation of an 
ovary. — scle-ro-path'i a, scleroma.— scle-roph- 
thal'mi a, xerophthalmia.— scle-ro-pro'te ins, pro¬ 
teins of skeletal origin and often insoluble, as gel¬ 
atin and keratin. The word takes the place of the 
word albuminoid in the limited sense in which the 
majority of physiologists have been using it. [T| 
Halliburton.'] — scle'ros, hard.— sclcTO-sar-co'ma, 
a firm, fleshy growth on the gums.— scle-ro'sis, see 
in vocabulary place below.— scle-ro-skel'e-ton, 
those parts of the skeleton that are formed by 
ossification of ligaments, tendons, or fasciae, fscle- 
ro-skel'e-tal.— scleTO-ste-no'sis, contraction and 
hardening combined; scleroderma. S. cuta'nea, 
scleroderma.— -Scleros'toma duodena'le = anky- 
LOSTOMA DUODENALis. S. pinguic'ula, one of the 
most important parasites of swine, found in the 
fat about the viscera and spare ribs and in the 
mesentery; Siephanu'rus denta'tus; the crown* 
tail strongyle. [If ( 7 . ’03.] — scle-ro'tal, Owen’s 
name for the material of the sclera.— scle'ro-thrix. 
I. Abnormal hardness of the hair. 2. An organ¬ 
ism. tscle-ro-thri'ci al. — scle-rot'ic. i. Hard; 
tough. 2. Relating to sclerosis: see entries under 
that word. 3. A medicine which hardens the 
parts to which it is applied. 4. Relating to 
ergot, as S. acid, an uncrystallizable active prin¬ 
ciple of ergot, occurring as a yellowishsbrown, 
tasteless substance; sclerotinic acid: used hypo¬ 
dermically as an ecbolic. Dose, 0.03 to 0.05 Gm. 
(i to f gr.). 5. The SCLEROTICA or relating to 

the sclerotica, as 5 . caai = sclerotica: S. fora¬ 
men. I. The opening of the sclerotica which is 
filled in by the cornea; anterior s. foramen. 2. 

— Optic foramen of the sclerotic: and 5 . 
zone, the zone of injected blood-vessels surround¬ 
ing the comeal margin, seen in iritis; arthritic 
ring, fscle-rot'i-cal. — scle-rot'i-ca, the hard, 
dense, fibrous membrane of the eye, which with 
the cornea forms the external coat or tunic 
of that organ; the white of the eye; sclerotis; 
sclera*. S. ceratoi'des, the cornea. — sclcTot- 
i-cec'to-my, excision of a portion of the scle¬ 
rotica for the formation of an artificial pupil.— 
scle-rot-i-ci'tis = scleritis. —scle-rot'i-co-cho-ri- 
oi-di'tis, scle-rot*i-co-cho-roi-di'tis = sclerocho- 
RioiDiTis.— scle-rot*i-co-nyx'is, scleTO-to-nyx'is, 
incision into the sclerotica behind the ciliary region 
and depression of a cataractous lens through the 
opening; scleronyxis; sclerotidectomy. — scleTot- 


i-cot'o-my, cutting through the sclerotic coat 
for the extraction of cataract.— scle-rot-i-dec'to- 
my = SCLEROTICONYXIS. — scle-ro-tin'ic acid = 
SCLEROTIC ACID. — scle-ro'tis. I. = Sclerotica. 
2. Ergot of rye.— scle-rot-i-sec'to-my = sclerot- 
ICECTOMY. — scle-ro-ti'tis, inflammation of the 
sclerotic coat of the eye; scleritis. fscle-ro-tit'ic. 
— scle-ro'ti um, the hard, black mass of hyphae 
formed by certain fungi which constitutes a rest¬ 
ing stage in their development, as ergot.— scle'- 
ro-tized, indurated.— scleTo-tome. i. An instru¬ 
ment for cutting into the sclerotica. 2. In embry¬ 
ology, the skeletal tissue of a metamere. [If G. 
’07.] 3. In certain of the lower vertebrates the 

hard tissue which divides the myotomes. [If G. 
’07.] — scle-rot'o-my, incision into the sclerotica, 
termed anterior when made into the anterior 
chamber of the eye, and posterior when made into 
the vitreous, as in detachment of the retina and 
for the extraction of foreign matters, Qua- 
GLINO’s OPERATION. -SCleTO-tO-ny x'iS = SCLE¬ 

ROTICONYXIS. — scle-ro-trich'i a, a dry and hard 
condition of the hair.— scleTous, as S. tissue, a 
term applied collectively to fibrous, cartilaginous, 
and osseous tissue.— scle-ro-xan'thin, a yellow^ 
crystalline body obtained from ergot.— scle'ro- 
zone, that part of a bone surface which gives 
attachment to a muscle from a given myotome, 
scle-ro'sis. Hardening; especially, induration of a 
structure due to hyperplasia of its connective 
tissue. The term is applied chiefly to such a 
process in the nervous system. Amyotrophic 
lateral s., sclerosis of the lateral columns of the 
cord, with muscular atrophy, which may invade 
the medulla. Annular s., sclerosis of the spinal 
cord, forming a band around the cord. Antero¬ 
lateral s. = SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA. Arteriocapillary 
s., m- ARTERIOCAPILLARY. Atrophic s., sclerosis 
with atrophy. Cerebral s., multiple sclerosis of 
the brain. Cerebrospinal s., multiple sclerosis of 
the brain and cord. Combined s., sclerosis of both 
the posterior and lateral columns of the cord. S. 
co'rii = SCLEREMA UNIVERSALE. Diffuse s., scle- 
rosis of the brain or cord occurring in masses. 
Disseminated, focal, or insular s., multiple s. 
Lateral s., sclerosis of the lateral columns of the 
cord, resulting in spastic paraplegia. Lobar s., 
sclerosis involving a lobe of the brain. Miliary 
s., sclerosis occurring in minute spots. Multiloc- 
ular s., multiple s. Multiple s., a disea'se in 
which patches of sclerosis are scattered over the 
brain or spinal cord, or both. It is marked by 
peculiar jerky spasms of the arms, weakness of 
the muscles, incoordination, atrophy of the optic 
nerve, mental derangement, headache and ver¬ 
tigo, and staccato speech; disseminated s.; focal 
s.; insular s.; multilocular s.; Charcot’s disease; 
sclerose en plaques. Multiple cerebral s., a form 
of multiple s. in which the brain alone is affected. 
Multiple cerebrospinal s., a form of multiple 
sclerosis in which both the spinal cord and brain 
are affected. Neural s., sclerosis in which there 
is chronic neuritis. S. of middle ear, otitis media 
hypertrophica, so named by V. Troltsch. Para¬ 
nephritic s. [^J.A.M.A.]. ’06.] Posterior s., 
sclerosis of the posterior columns of the cord, 
such as occurs in locomotor ataxia. Posterior 
spinal s., locomotor ataxia. Posterolateral s., 
Friedreich’s ataxia ; ataxic paraplegia. Pul¬ 
monary s., interstitial pneumonia. Renal s. 

J. A . M. A. j. ’06.] Spinal s., multiple sclerosis 
of the cord. S. te'lae cellula'ris adipo'sae = 


SCLEROTH’S METHOD 


867 


SCOPOLETIN 


SCLERODERMA. S. tcs'tis = SARCOCELE. TubCf- 
ous s., sclerosis characterized by hypertrophy, 
with the involved areas increased in density. 
Ulcerating s., the primary lesion of syphilis, ac¬ 
cording to Baumler; indurated chancre. Vascu¬ 
lar s., narrowing of the calibre of the small arteries 
and capillaries from a fibrous growth in their 
walls; arteriocapillary s. Ventrolateral s. = 
sp.\STic PARAPLEGIA. [ <C (7/cA?7pdf hard.] fscle- 
ro'sal, relating to or of the nature of sclerosis, 
scle'rose, affected with sclerosis, scldrose en 
plaques, multiple sclerosis, scle'rosed, affected 
with sclerosis, hardened, as 5. artery, an artery 
whose coats have become thickened, scleros'ing, 
causing or undergoing sclerosis, as S. inflamma¬ 
tion — atrophic inflammation; S. keratitis, 
keratitis: S. mastoiditis, is-'m.astoxoitis: S. mye¬ 
litis, myelitis: and S. = condensing 

OSTEITIS, scle-rot'ic, scle-rot'i-cal, as 5 . arteritis 
= arteriosclerosis; S. endocarditis, hyperplasia 
of the endocardium: S. gastritis, inflammation of 
the stomach with thickening of its walls: 5. mye¬ 
litis. sclerosing myelitis; 5 . myocarditis, hyper¬ 
plasia of the connective tissue of the heart; 5. 
otitis, chronic otitis media with thickening of the 
tissue: and 5 . rhinitis = ozjeha. 

Scleroth’s method (scle'rots). Treatment of pleu¬ 
ritic effusions by withdrawing fluids from the diet, 
scle-rys'ma. Induration of the liver, 
scle-rys'te-ra. Malignant induration of the uterus, 
sclopeta'ria. (sclopet'ica) vul'nera. Gun*shot wounds, 
sco'bin-ate. Rough. [< L. sco'bus a file.] 
scobs. An alkali; a shaving; dross of any metal, 
sco-le-ci'a-sis. i. Infection with scolices. 2. Acci¬ 
dental infection with the larvae of beetles, 
sco-lec'i-form. Resembling a scolex. 
sco-le-ci'tis, sco'le-coi-di'tis. = Appendicitis. 
sco-le'coid. Resembling a worm; vermiform, fsco- 
le-coi-di'tis = appendicitis. (Nothnagel.) 
sco-le-col'o-gy. Helminthology, 
sco-lec'to-my. Appendicectomy. 
sco-le'sis. = Scoliosis. 

sco'lex, pi. scole'ces. That stage of a cestode when 
it consists of a head and vesicular body without 
trace of organs, ts- Cysticercus ; echinococcus ; 
T^NIA. [< worm.] 

sco-li'a-sis. = Scoliosis. 

sco-li-coi-di'tis, sco*li-o-coi-di'tis.=AppENDiciTis. 
sco'lio-. # Denoting curvature; bent: a combining 
form. [< (JKo^iog curved.] sco*li-o-lor-do'sis, 
combined scoliosis and lordosis.— scol-i-o'ma = 
SCOLIOSIS. — scol-i-om'e-ter, an apparatus for 
measuring curvatures of the spine. — scol'i-o- 
rha-chit'ic, of, relating to, or caused by scoliosis 
or rickets.— scol'i-o-si-om'e- 
try. Measurement of degree 
of deformity or curvature, 
especially that of the spine in 
scoliosis. t scol*i-o-si-om'e- 
ter, scobi-o-som'e-ter.— sco'- 
li-o-tome, a device used in 
lateral curvature for elongat¬ 
ing the spine and lessening 
the amount of rotation, 
scol-i-o'sis. Curvature of the 
spine, especially in a lateral 
direction; scoliasis; scolioma. 

S. brace, a brace for correct¬ 
ing lateral curvature of the 
spine. Cicatricial s., scoliosis due to cicatricial 
contraction the result of caries or necrosis. Em- 
pyematic s., scoliosis caused by empyema. Habit 


s., scoliosis due to improper position of the body 
Inflammatory s., scoliosis due to vertebral caries. 
Ischiatic s., scoliosis due to hip disease. Myo¬ 
pathic s., scoliosis due to paralysis of the muscles 
which support the trunk. Osteopathic s., scol¬ 
iosis caused by vertebral disease. Paralytic s., 
myopathic s. Rhachitic s., curvature of the spine 
caused by rickets. Rheumatic s., scoliosis due to 
rheumatism of the spinal muscles. Sciatic s. = 
SCOLIOTIC SCIATICA. Static s., scoliosis caused by 
differences in the lengths of the legs. [ < okoAlu- 
(JLg fr. GKolLoq curved.] fscol-i-ot'ic, as 5. pelvis, 
a pelvis whose oblique diameter is diminished; 
and 5 . sciatica, curvature of the spine caused by 
an extension of inflammation from the great 
sciatic nerve to the nerves of the pelvic muscles; 
ischias scoliotica. 

Scolopen'dra, Scolopen'drium. ts* Asplenium. 
scobo-po-ma-chae'ri-on, -um. A very long, curved, 
button*pointed bistoury. 

sco-lop'si a. A suture between two bones movable 
upon each other. [< aKoTioxj) a pointed thing.] 
Scol'ymus. A genus of composite plants having 
slight medical properties. 

scom'brin. A ptomaine which crystallizes in yellow 
needles; from putrefying mackerel, 
scom'bron. A histon from mackerel sperm, 
scoop. An instrument shaped like a spoon, for ex¬ 
tracting bodies from a cavity, Mules’s s. ; 
PLACENTAL s. S. extraction, removal of the lens 
in cataract by a scoop. 

scoop'er’s pneumonia. A form of pneumonia found 
in grain=handlers. 

sco-pa'ri us*. Broom, the dried tops of Cyt'isus 
scopa'rius, depending for its action on sco'pa-rin, 
a crystalline glucoside, C2,H^2^jo, and on sparte¬ 
ine, and having diuretic, cathartic, and emetic 
properties. Dose, i.o Gm. (15 grs.). 
scope. Slang for microscope, stethoscope, etc. 
-scope. A suffix denoting an instrument for obser¬ 
vation, as otoscope. f-scopy. -scopic;-scopical. 
Scopo'la*. I. A genus of solanaceous plants. 2. 
The U. S. P. name for the dried rhizome of 5 . car- 
niol'ica, yielding, when assayed according to the 
U. S. P. process, not less than 0.5 per cent, of its 
alkaloids. Dose, 0.045 Gm. (f gr.). S. atropoi'- 
des (carniol'ica), a species having anaesthetic 
and mydriatic properties like those of Hyoscya- 
nius niger. S. japon'ica, a native of Japan, the 
source of Japanese belladonna. S. luri'da, a na¬ 
tive of Asia having properties like belladonna. 
[< J. A. Scopoli, an Austrian botanist.] 
sco-po-la-mi'nae hydrobro'midum*. Scopolamine 
hydrobromide, the U. S. P. name for the hydro¬ 
bromide, Cj^HoiNO^.HBr-f 3H2O, of an alkaloid 
obtained from the plants of the Solana'cece: chem¬ 
ically identical with hyoscine hydrobromide. 
Dose, 0.0005 Gm. gr.). 
sco-po-lam'ine, sco-po-le'ine. A crystalline alka¬ 
loid, C17H21NO4, found in Scopola, Belladonna, 
Stramonium, and Duboisia. It is a powerful 
mydriatic, more active and more sedative than 
atropine and according to recent investigations 
chemically and physiologically identical with 
HYOSCINE. It is used principally in the form of 
the hydrobromide. S. ethyl=ether anaesthesia 
J.A.M.A. j. ’06.] S.=morphine anaesthesia, 
anaesthesia produced by a combination of scopo¬ 
lamine and morphine: said to be without danger 
to life. S. narcosis, ts- narcosis. 
sco-po-le'tin. A colorless, crystalline substance, 
CjoIIgO^, found in Scopo'la, especially S. japon'ica. 




SCOPOLIN 


868 


SCROFULA 


t»co'po-lin. An alkaloid, CgHj^NO^, obtained by 
decomposing scopolamine, 
sco-po-pho'bi a. A morbid dread of being seen, 
scor-a-cra'ti a, scor-a-cra'si a. Involuntary defeca¬ 
tion. [< (JKfop faeces + OKparia lack of control.] 
scor-ae'mia, scor-e-tae'mi a, -te'mi a. = Scatemia. 
scor-bu'tus. Scurvy, a disease characterized by 
extreme debility, dejection of spirits, bloated 
countenance, livid spots on the skin, offensive 
breath, spongy gums, with occasional hemor¬ 
rhage from the mouth and nostrils, swelling of 
the legs, etc.; porphyra. It is principally caused 
by lack of fresh vegetable food, and prevails 
among sailors and soldiers. Lemon juice is an 
excellent remedy for this disease. S. alpi'nus, 
pellagra. S. infanti'Us = scurvy, infantile. [L.] 
fscor-bu'tic, as 5 . cancer, cancrum oris: S. dysen¬ 
tery, a form of dysentery affecting those who 
have scurvy: 5 . fever, the fever of scurvy: 5 . 
rheumatism, swelling of the joints in scorbutic 
patients: 5 . stomatitis, stoma¬ 
titis due to scurvy: 5 . ulcer, 
an indolent ulcer occurring in 
scurvy: and 5 . uliiis, gingi¬ 
vitis due to scurvy, 
scor-de'in. A yellow, aromatic 
substance derived from Teu'- 
crium scor'dium. 
scor-di-ne'ma, scor-di-nis'mus. 

= Pandiculation. 
scored! um. otTeucrium scor- 

DIUM. 

scor-o-dos'min. =Cystin. 
scor'pion. A member of the class 
Arach'nida, having an elon¬ 
gated body, lobsterslike claws, 
and a poisonous sting in the 
tail. 

sco-tas'ma. Amblyopia. [< to darken.] 

Scotch douche. A douche of hot and cold water 
alternating. S.sfiddle, a vulgar term for scabies. 

S. pine = PiNus sylvestris. 

sco'to-. Denoting darkness: a combining form. 
[< aKOTog darkness.] sco-to'dia, amblyopia. 

— scot-o-din'i a, dizziness associated with the 
appearance of black spots before the eyes, with 
obscurity of vision and with headache; scotomy. 

— scot'o-graph, scot'o-gram. i. An instrument 
to aid the blind in writing. 2. = Rontgenogram. 

— sco-to'ma, see in vocabulary place below.— 
sco-tom'e-ter, sco-tom'me-ter, sco-to-mom'e-ter. 

T. An instrument for determining the existence, 
location, and measurements of scotomata. 2. An 
instrument used in detecting central scotomata.— 
scot'o-my = scotodinia. — sco-top'si a = muio- 
DESopiA. — sco-tos'co-py = rontgenoscopy. — 
sco-to'sis = scotoma. — sco-to-ther'a-py, the 
keeping of a patient in a dark room, and clothing 
him in garments through which light cannot pene¬ 
trate during the periods between the attacks, in 
the treatment of malaria and other diseases. 

sco-to'ma, pi. scotom'aia. A blind area in the field 
of vision. It is either fixed or movable. Abso¬ 
lute s., a scotoma in which there is absolutely no 
perception. Annular s., ring s. Aural s., fail¬ 
ure of the sense of sound at certain distances 
from the ear. Central s., a scotoma confined to 
the point of fixation, due to affections of the 
macula lutea or the optic nerve. Color s., color* 
blindness limited to one region of the visual 
field. Flimmer s., a scotoma in which the glim¬ 
mering spreads outward from the centre of vision, 


its place of origin. Flittering s. = S. scintil- 
LANS. Insular s., a scotoma which occurs as a 
spot surrounded by the visible part of the 
field. Negative s., a scotoma which is not ap¬ 
parent to the patient as a spot (positive S.), but 
within which objects simply disappear. Para¬ 
central s., that in which the edge of the scotoma 
passes through the fixation*point. Positive s., a 
scotoma apparent to the patient as a dark or 
hazy spot in the field of vision. Relative s., a 
scotoma in which perception is only partially 
impaired and objects may be seen imperfectly 
Ring s., a scotoma surrounding the fixation* 
point like a ring; annular s. S. scintil'lans or 
Scintillating s. i. The sudden appearance of a 
luminous cloud before the eyes. 2. A large sco¬ 
toma having serrated margins which extend 
peripherally; fortification spectrum; teichopsia 
[f G. ’07.] fsco-tom'a-tous. 

Scott’s acid bath. A bath of diluted aqua regia, 
employed in jaundice. S.’s emulsion, a proprie¬ 
tary emulsion of cod*liver oil. S.’s ointment, an 
ointment of mercury and camphor, 
scour. Diarrhoea in cattle. [T[ G. ’03.] 
scourge, i. To strike the skin in order to produce 
counter*irritation. 2. Any epidemic disease of 
a fatal nature. fscourg'ing, flagellation, as S. 
mania, self*flagellation by persons affected with 
religious mania: epidemic during the thirteenth 
and fourteenth centuries. 

Scoutetten’s operation (scu-te-tonz). Oval ampu¬ 
tation. [R. J. Yi.Scoutetten, French surgeon, 1799- 
1871.] 

Scr. Abbr. for scruple. 
scraped lint, Lint. 

scra'per. An instrument for scraping a surface, 
scratch mark. Excoriation. 

scrattage (scra-tazh). The oldest method of me¬ 
chanical treatment in trachoma; ophthalmoxysis' 
the scratching out of the granules; brassage, 
scream'ing fits. Infantile convulsions, 
scre-a'tus. i. Hawking and spitting. 2. A neu¬ 
rosis in which there are paroxysms of “ short, 
noisy inspirations or snortings,” usually accom¬ 
panied by emaciation, and due to local irritation 
of the nasopharynx. [L.] 
screw joint. = Cochlearthrosis. S.=driver teeth 
= Hutchinson’s teeth. S.sworm, the larva of 
the fly Chrysomy'ia (Lucil'ia) macella'ria, of 
America, which hatch from eggs deposited in the 
nose of domestic animals and man. and cause se¬ 
vere symptoms. ^Myiasis. 
scri-bo-ma'ni a. An irresistible impulse to write 
disconnected words: seen in insanity, 
scrive'ners’ cramp, palsy, or paralysis. = Writers’ 
cramp. 

scro-bic'u-lus. A little ditch; a pit or hollow. S. , 
cor'dis*, “pit of the heart”; the hollow on the 
anterior surface.of the chest near the region of the 
heart; the pit of the stomach. S. variolae, pock 
mark. S. ventric'uli quar'ti, a median furrow on 
the floor of the fourth ventricle. [< L., dim. of 
scro'bis ditch.] fscro-bic'u-late, -la-ted. 
scrof'u-la, scroph'u-la. A condition characterized 
chiefly by chronic swelling of lymphatic glands, 
particularly of the neck, behind the ears, and 
under the chin, tending slowly to imperfect sup¬ 
puration, with a disposition to caries and necrosis 
of the bones and joints, and a general cachectic 
state, usually due to tubercular infection; 
struma; king’s evil. ^Scrofulous. S. ereth'- 
ica, emaciation and moderate redness of the skin. 



SCROFULARIA 


SCUTELLARIA 


sr,9 


with scrofulous symptoms and disposition to 
early suppuration. S. tor'pida, a variety showing 
a bloated face, thick nose and lips, a dirtyswhite 
skin, small extremities, etc. [<C L. scro'ja sow: 
because resembling a similar disease of swine.] 
scrof-u-la'ri a. =Scrophularia. 
scrof-u-lel-co'sis. Scrofulous ulceration, 
scrof'u-lide. = Scrofuloderm. [F.] 
scrof'u-lism. A scrofulous condition or diathesis. 
scroFu-lo-. Relating to scrofula: a combining 
form. [< L. scro'fa sow.] scrof'u-lo-denn, a 
skin affection of scrofulous origin, especially one 
in which there are suppuration and softening 
nodules. It is due to the tubercle bacillus. 
Among the specially named varieties of scrofulo¬ 
derm are Gummatous (= tubercular), Papular 
(= lichen scrofulosus). Pustular, Squamous, 
Tubercular, and Ulcerative (= mycosis fun- 
GoiDEs). tscrof*u-lo-der'ma, -der'mia, as S. vcr- 
= LUPUS verrucosus. — scrof-u-lo'ma, 
a scrofulous tumor.— scrof‘u-lo-nych'i a, malig¬ 
nant onychia.— scrof*u-lo-phy'ma, tubercular 
scrofuloderm. S. diffu'sum, elephantiasis scrofu- 
losa.— scrof-u-lo'sis, scroph-u-lo'sis, the morbid 
condition or progress of scrofula; scrofulous dis¬ 
position or diathesis.— scrof‘u-lo-tu-ber-cu-lo'- 
sis, tuberculosis, characterized by attenuation. 
tscrof*u-lo-tu-ber'cu-lous. 
icrof'u-lous. Having scrofula; of the nature of, 
or produced by, scrofula. S. abscess, an abscess 
produced by inflammation of a lymph=gland, 
especially of the neck. S. bubo, one of the en¬ 
larged glands characteristic of scrofula. i^-Bubo. 
S. (tuberculous) diathesis, an indication of a type 
of conformation in which the tissues are more 
vulnerable and less capable of resisting tubercular 
or scrofulous infection. O. ’o6.] S. gumma, 
ty GUMMA. S. inflammation, tubercular inflam¬ 
mation. S. keratitis, inflammation of the cornea, 
often occurring in scrofulous subjects. S. kidney, 
a tuberculous kidney in which the substance is 
almost entirely destroyed or degenerated, noth¬ 
ing ultimately remaining but a thickened, fibrous 
sac containing a yellow, creamy substance. S. 
lymphoma, tuberculous swelling of lymphatic 
glands. S. ophthalmia, phlyctenular conjunc¬ 
tivitis. S. pneumonia, pneumonia secondary to 
tuberculosis. S. ringworm, lupus erythematosus. 
S. teeth, large, irregular, rough teeth, of a muddy 
white color, observed sometimes in scrofulous 
persons. S. testicle = tuberculous orchitis. 
S. ulcer, a tubercular ulcer, 
scroll^bone. A turbinated bone, 
scroph'u-la. = Scrofula. 

Scrophula'ria. A genus of scrophulariaceous plants. 
5 . marilan'dica of North America is diuretic, 
deobstruent, and anodyne. S. nodo'sa furnishes 
scroph-u-la'rin and scroph*u-la-ros'min. 
8croph-u-lo'sis. = Scrofulosis. 
scro'tal. Relating to or contained in the scrotum. 
S. arteries, an anterior, derived from the external 
pudic, and a posterior, from the internal pudic, 
distributed to the anterior and posterior surfaces 
of the scrotum. S. cancer = cancer scroti. S. 
flstula, a urethral fistula opening externally into 
the scrotum. S. hernia, hernia in the scrotum. 
S. hypospadias, hypospadias. S. ligament, a 
fibrous band by which the testis is attached to 
the lower part of the scrotum. S. nerve, the 
genital branch of the genitocrural nerve. S. 
septum = septum scroti. 

»cro'ti-form. Pouch*shaped. 


scro-ti'tis. Inflammation of the scrotum, 
scro'to-cele. = Scrotal hernia. 
scro'to-pex-y. The preservation of the scrotum re¬ 
sulting, in cases of varicocele, from the extra- 
serous transplanting of the testicle; a term used by 
Longuet. i^Colpopexy ; orchidopexy. [ 1 ( 7 .’07.] 
scro'tum*, pi. scro'ta. A pouch consisting, from 
without inward, of integument, dartos, spermatic 
fascia, cremaster, infundibuliform fascia, and 
tunica vaginalis, and containing the testicles and 
a portion of the spermatic cords. It is developed 
from the genital ridges growing out as folds and 
uniting: analogous with labia majora. S. cordis, 
pericarditis. S. lapillo'sum, diffused calcareous 
atheroma of the scrotum, lymph s., lymph. 
scrub'stick. An acarine parasite of dogs, horses, 
and man, living in the scrub of Australia, 
scruff. The nucha; nape of the neck, 
scrum'pox. A name for impetigo contagiosa used 
among schooUchildren in England, 
scru'ple. A weight of twenty grains or one-third 
of a drachm: often expressed by the symbol Q. 
scru-pu-los'i-ty. A morbid conscientiousness. 
Scud'a-more’s mixture. A mixture of magnesium 
sulphate, magnesium oxide, vinegar of colchicum, 
syrup of saffron, and peppermint water given in 
gout. Dose, I to 3 tablespoonfuls every two 
hours. R. ’05.] 

scuFco-pin. A proprietary local astringent prepared 
from skullcap and hydrastis. 
sculp'tured hymen. A hymen showing an irregu¬ 
larly curved edge, as if carved out. 

Scul-te'tus’s bandage. A bandage applied in strips 
overlapping one another in shingle fashion; a 
many-tailed bandage; a compound fracture ban¬ 
dage in which the short pieces which compose it 
are so arranged as to be removed without motion 
to the limb. [The Latin name of Johann Schultz, 
German surgeon, 1595-1645.] 
scurf. Small exfoliations of the cuticle, or bran-like 
scales, which occur on the scalp or skin in desqua¬ 
mation; dandruff. S.sskin == epidermis.* 
scur'vy. = Scorbutus. Button^s., a skin disease 
characterized by button-like excrescences, former¬ 
ly prevalent in Ireland. S.=grass, Cochlea'ria offi- 
cina'lis, a cruciferous littoral plant having diuretic 
and antiscorbutic properties. Infantile s., a dis¬ 
ease affecting children from i year to 18 months 
old, marked by extreme tenderness, swelling, and 
immobility of the limbs, especially the lower ones, 
a spongy condition of the gums with a tendency 
to bleed, a pale, sallow complexion, and fret¬ 
fulness, and sometimes cutaneous hemorrhage; 
Barlow’s disease; hemorrhagic rickets; scorbutus 
infantilis. It is due to improper food. Landss., 
purpura haemorrhagica. S. of the Alps, pellagra. 
S. rickets, a scurvy-like condi¬ 
tion observed in improperly fed, 
rickety children. Seass., scor¬ 
butus in sailors. S. sclerosis, 
brawny infiltration of the subcu¬ 
taneous tissue and muscles, espe¬ 
cially of the legs. Jscur'vi-ness. 
scute. I. A squama; a scale. 2. 

The crescent-shaped plate form¬ 
ing the outer wall of the upper 
portion of the tympanic cavities. 

[L. scu'tum shield.] fscu'tate, Scutate Leaf. 
shield-shaped. 

Scutella'ria*. i. Skullcap, a genus of labiate herbs. 
2. The U. S. P. name for the dried plant of S. lateri- 
flo'ra, a native of the United States. It is reputed 



4 


SCUTELLATE 


870 


SEBORRHCEA 


to be an efficacious nervine. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 

Fluidextractum SCUTELLARIAE*. From the 
root is obtained scu-tel-la'rin, a non^toxic princi¬ 
ple, CjoHgOg: used in chorea and insomnia. Dose, 
0.05 to 0.25 Gm. (f to 4 grs.). 
scu'tel-late. Saucer^shaped. 

scu-tel'lum. =Scutulum. [< L. platter.] 

Scu'tia circumci'sa or inMica. A species of rham- 
naceous plants having oxytocic properties, 
scu'tu-la. Plural of scutulum. 
scu-tu-la'ti o. = Ichthyosis congenita. 
scu'tu-lum, pi. scu'tula. A shieldsshaped crust, as 
found in favus. [Dim. of L. scu'tum shield.] 
scu'tum. I. A shield, or shieldslike structure. 2. 
The patella. S. ge'nu, the patella. S. pec'toris, 
the sternum. S. tympan'icum = scute, def. 2. 
[L.] fscu'ti-form, scu'tu-lar, scu'tu-la-ry, scu'- 
tu-late, shieldsshaped; thyroid 
scyb'a-lum, pi. scyh'ala. Dry, hard excrement that 
has formed into little, rounded balls like sheep’s 
dung, or somewhat larger. [ < (TKvSaluv ordure.] 
tscyb'a-lous. 
scyl'la. = SciLLA*. 

scyl'lite. A white, crystalline glucose, CgHjjO^, 
found in the kidneys, liver, etc., of cartilaginous 
fishes, as the shark, dogfish, and skate, 
scym'nol. An organic base, C27H^g05 or Ca^Hg^Og,, 
obtained from the bile of sharks by Hammarsten. 
Scyphoceph'alus. A genus of Dihothriocephal'idcB, a 
parasite found in the adult stage in intestines of 
birds, reptiles, and mammals, other than man. 
scy'phus. A depression in the anterior portion of 
the convex surface of a cerebral hemisphere. S. 
vieussen'ii, a cup*shaped depression formed arti¬ 
ficially when the cupola of the cochlea is broken 
in and the lamina modioli removed. [< anvdog 
cup.] fscy'phi-form, scy'phoid. 

Scyth'i an disease. Atrophy of the testicles and 
penis, with loss of virility, resulting from sexual 
perversion, and leading to the assumption of the 
dress of women. 

scyth-ro-pas'mus. A dull, fatigued look, regarded 
as a grave symptom in serious diseases. [< 
OKvHpog sullen -h wi/' face.] 
scy-ti'tis. = Dermatitis. [< skin ] 

scy'to-. Relating to skin or leather: a combining 
form. {^GKVToq skin.] scy-to-blas'ta, scyto-blas- 
te'ma, embryonic skin.— scyto-blas-te'sis, skin 
formation.— scy-to-dep'sic or scy-to-de'phic, tan¬ 
nic; relating to tannin, as 5 . ac 7 (i = ACiDUM t.\n- 
NicuM* and 5 . principle=ACiDvu tannicum*. — 
scyto-mor-pho'sis, pathological formation of skin. 
Scytone'ma. A genus of schizomycetes whose fila¬ 
ments are cylindrical and phycochromous. 

Se. The symbol for the element selenium. 
seasmoss. i^Chondrus*. S.=oak — Fucus vesic- 
ULOSUS. S.sonion, Scil'la mdrit'ima, or squill. 
S.ssalt, common salt obtained by evaporating 
sea*water. S.ssickness, nausea, vomiting, ano¬ 
rexia, giddiness, and malaise, set up by the pitch¬ 
ing and rolling of vessels or by motions resembling 
it; mal de mer; nausea marina or navalis. 
Car=sickness. Land s.ssickness, a variety of 
sea-sickness often attended with severe headache, 
which comes on after landing, from a short pas¬ 
sage, as over the English Channel. S.stangle = 
Laminaria digitata. S.swater bath, a bath of 
sea-water or of artificially prepared brine. It is 
stimulating in chlorosis and strumous diseases. 
S.swrack = Fucus vesiculosus. 
seal oil. An oil consisting chiefly of olein and cer¬ 
tain volatile acids, as valerianic. 


seam. = Raphe*, c®-Suture. 
seam'stress-es’ cramp. An occupation neurosis 
analogous to writers’ cramp, affecting the finger- 
muscles of seamstresses. 

search'er. i. A sound to search the bladder for 
calculi. 2. = Searching ocular. 
searching. The operation of introducing a metallic 
instrument through the urethra into the bladder 
to ascertain the presence of a calculus. S. ocular, 
a low-power ocular used for a finder; searcher, 
sea'side grape. =:Coccoloba uvifera. 
sea'son-ing fever. A remittent fever, endemic in 
certain localities, which affects unacclimated per¬ 
sons; strangers’ fever. 

seat. I. Nates; buttocks; anus. S.sbone, the is 
chium. S.sworm = OxYURis vermicularis. 2. 
Location, locus, focus, as of pain, lesion, etc. 
sebaceous (si-be'shus). Fatty; .suety: applied to 
glands which secrete an oily matter resembling 
suet; resembling or pertaining to sebum, or fat. 
S. cyst, a retention-cyst developing in a sebaceous 
gland; wen. S. flux, seborrhoea. S. gland, crypt, 
or follicle, one of the small racemose glands {glan- 
dulae sebaceae*) in the substance of the skin, 
usually opening into hair-follicles, and secreting 
a greasy substance (sebum) which lubricates the 
skin. S. grub, comedo. S. humor, the oily 
matter secreted by the sebaceous glands. S. 
secretion, sebum. S. tumor = S. cyst. 
se-bac'ic acid. A white, crystalline substance, 
CjgHjgO^, contained in various oils, and usually 
obtained from castor oil by distillation with a 
caustic alkali; sebic acid; pyroleic acid, 
seb'a-cin. i. A white, oily substance obtained from 
Negri s'tica sebif'era. 2. A hydrocarbon formed 
by distilling calcium sebate with lime. 
seb-a-dilTa. =Sabadilla. 

se-bas-to-ma'ni a. Religious insanity. [aefiaarog 
reverend -f- pavia madness.] 
se'bate. A salt of sebacic acid, 
se'bic acid. = Sebacic acid. 

se-bif'e-rous. Bearing or producing fat or oil. S. 
gland, a sebaceous gland. 

Sebileau’s sublingual hollow (se-bi- 16 z). A pyram¬ 
idal area formed by the sublingual glands and 
oral mucosa, extending along beneath the tongue, 
its base upward and its apex below at the point 
where the geniohyoid is covered by the mylo¬ 
hyoid muscle. 

se-bip'a-rous. Producing, forming, or secreting fat 
or oil. S. gland, a sebaceous gland, 
seb'o-lite, seb'o-lith. A concretion formed in a 
sebaceous gland. [< Sebum -f A/6’of stone.] 
seb-or-rha'gi a. =Seborrhcea. 
seb-or-rhoe'a. A disease marked by a morbid and 
excessive discharge from the sebaceous glands, 
which collects on the surface in greasy scales or 
as an oily coating; fluxus sebaceus; steatorrhoea. 
It is usually attended by an itching and burning 
sensation. When the secretion is oily, the disease 
is known as S. oleo'sa; when scaly or scabby, as 
5 . sic'ca; when waxy, as 5 . ce'rea; and as 5 . ec'zema 
or eczemifor'mis and 5 . psoriasifor'mis when re¬ 
sembling eczema or psoriasis. S. adipo'sa, sebor¬ 
rhoea oleosa. S. amiantha'cea = S. capillitii. 
S. capilli'tii, S. cap'itis, seborrhoea of the scalp. 
Concrete s., greasy crusts of the smooth parts or 
of the scalp. S. congesti'va, lupus erythematosus. 
S. cor'poris, seborrhoea of the trunk; lichen circi- 
natus. S. crusto'sa, seborrhoea sicca. Eczematoid 
s. = S. ECZEMA. S. facieT, seborrhoea of the face, 
often following variola and other exanthematous 


SEBUM 


871 


SECRETAGOGUE 


affections. S. flaves'cens = S. nasi. S. furfura'- 
cea, the scaly form of seborrhoea sicca, producing 
dandruff. S. genera'lis, seborrhcea occurring on 
the whole body. S. genita'lium, the accumulation 
of a cheesy secretion under the prepuce of the 
male and within the labia of the female or the 
glans clitoridis. S. na'si, a form affecting the seba¬ 
ceous glands of the nose. S. ni'gra, S. ni'gricans, 
a variety in which the secretion is dark colored. 
S. oleo'sa, seborrhoea in which there is great oil¬ 
iness of the skin, especially upon the nose and 
forehead. S. pityriasifor'mis = S. furfuracea.' 
S. sic'ca, the most common form, characterized by 
brownishsgray, greasy scales or scabs. S. squa- 
mo'sa = S. SICCA. S. squamo'sa neonato'rum, 
ichthyosis congenita, a fatal disease of newsborn 
infants, in which the skin is covered with horny 
plates separated by thin and red epidermis. [< 
L. se'bum suet -|- pola flux.] fseb-or-rhoe'ic, seb- 
or-rhoe'al, as S. dermatitis , dermatitis associated 
with seborrhoea capitis, and due to direct trans¬ 
ference of the infection from it. 
se'bum. i. Secretion of the sebiparous glands. It 
is a thick, semi=liquid substance discharged upon 
the surface of the skin, and is composed of fat, 
cholesterin, albumin, and broken=down epithelial 
cells. It is similar to vernix caseosa. S. cuta'- 
neum*, the sebum secreted by the sebaceous glands 
of the skin. S. palpebra'le, the secretion of the 
palpebral glands. S. praeputia'le, smegma. S. 

■ salicyla'tum, the G. P. name for an ointment 
containing 2% of salicylic acid. 2. =Sevum. 
se-ca-cor'nin. The active principle of ergot freed 
from sphacelic acid, producing gangrene in .ex¬ 
periments upon animals, [^f Eu. ’08.] 

Seca'le. Rye. A genus of edible graminaceous 
plants. S. cornu'tum, the ergot of rye from 
which are obtained sec''a-lin = trimethylamine, 
and sec'a-lin-tox'in, an active principle probably 
identical with cornutine. [Perhaps from L. 
seca're to cut.] tsec'a-line. 
sec'a-lose. A carbohydrate obtained from green 
rye. Dl. ’06.] 

se'cant. One performing an anatomical dissection 
or a post=mortem examination, 
secateur (se-ca-tcr). An instrument for breaking 
up hard foreign bodies in the bladder, 
se-cer'nent. i. Secreting. 2. Any surface or organ 
which secretes. [< L. secer'nens separating.] 
se-ces'sus. = Defecation. S. ni'ger, melaena. S. 

involunta'rii, involuntary excretions. 

Be-clu'sion of pupil. Annular posterior synechia. 
sec'ond cuneiform bone. = Os cuneiforme secun¬ 
dum*. S. intention, cr- healing. S. occipital 
angle, OCCIPITAL angle. S. nerve or pair = 
OPTIC NERVE. S. phalanx, phalanx. S. sight, 
a return of the power of accommodation, which 
sometimes occurs in old age. It is frequently due 
to an increase of the index of refraction of the 
eye=media. S. sound, the basic or diastolic sound 
of the heart. S. stage, the expulsive stage of labor, 
sec'on-da-ry. Second in order of time or place; 
inferior in importance; subordinate; hence, su¬ 
pervening, as S. symptoms of a disease, those 
which supervene on the primary. The term is 
also applied to symptoms which are more or less 
remote from the seat of mischief, or are only indi¬ 
rectly caused by the disease with which they are 
associated. S. abscess, an abscess caused by in¬ 
fective matter brought from a distance, as by 
metastasis or embolism. S. adhesion, 1®* healing 
BY THIRD intention. S. amide, ^ amide. S. 


amputation, amputation done after the subsidence 
of inflammatory symptoms. S. anaemia, simple 
anaemia. S. areola, areola. S. battery, a 
storage battery. S. bronchopneumonia, i. Bron¬ 
chopneumonia occurring as a sequence of the 
infectious fevers. 2. Aspiration or deglutition 
pneumonia. O. ’06.] S. cataract, an opacity 
occurring after an operation for cataract. S. 
cause = predisposing cause. S. cerebral vesicle, 
CEREBRAL VESICLE. S. coil, the coil of flne 
wire in an induction coil in which the induced or 
secondary current is generated. S. color, a color 
produced by the union of two primary colors. 
The three colors so produced are green, purple, 
and scarlet. S. contracture, a late rigidity occur¬ 
ring in the chronic stage of hemiplegia, in which 
a limb, usually the arm, becomes permanently 
flexed at the elbow and resists extension. S. 
current, an induced current. S. cyst, a daughter 
cyst. Parent CYST. S. degeneration, wallerian 
degeneration. S. dentin, dentin developed in or 
upon the dental pulp after complete formation 
of the tooth, as by ossification of the pulp. 
S. dentition, dentition. S. deviation, i^stra- 
Bis.Mic deviation. S. diarrhoea, diarrhoea sec¬ 
ondary to some diseased stafe of the intestine, as 
in pyaemia, typhoid fever, etc.: symptomatic diar¬ 
rhoea. S. diphtheria, diphtheria secondary to 
some other disease, as scarlatina, typhoid fever, 
etc. S. disease, a disease which is due to another 
disease. S. fever, the febrile condition ensuing 
after a crisis, or after the discharge of some mor¬ 
bid matter, as in smallpox. S. flocculus = ac¬ 
cessory FLOCCULUS. S. focal line, the posterior 
focal line. S. gangrene, gangrene which has been 
preceded by inflammation. S. hemorrhage, hem¬ 
orrhage occurring several days or weeks after 
its primary cessation or after an operation. S. 
hyperplastic osteitis, hypertrophic pulmonary 
OSTEOARTHROPATHY. S. infection, the occurrence 
of a second microbic invasion in a body already 
the seat of an existing or primary infection, as a 
bacterial infection which may take place in pro¬ 
tozoan disease. S. keratitis, keratitis due to dis¬ 
ease of some other part of the eyfe. S. lesions, 
lesions or changes following precedent ones, es¬ 
pecially those of secondary .syphilis. S. myocar¬ 
ditis = fragmentation, def. 2. S. nucleus = 
PARANUCLEUS. S. optic vesicle, a two*layered 
cup formed by the indentation of the primary 
optic vesicle; optic cup. S. pleurisy, pleurisy 
consequent upon the attack of some other disease. 
S. position, that position of the eyes in which the 
vertical axis is rotated away from its vertical 
position. S. presentation, a presentation devel¬ 
oped during the progress of labor. S. pustule, 
PUSTULE. S. salt = NEUTJiAL s.\LT. S. sensa- 
tion = RADIATED SENSATION. S. shock, a second 
shock following the first, usually due to heart* 
clot. S. substance of Rollet, an accessory disk of 
a muscle=fibre. S. suture, a suture introduced at 
some time subsequent to that of the operation. 
S. syphilis, rs* syphilis. S. tympanic membrane 
= MEMBRANA TYMPANI SECUNDARIA*. S. X=ray, 
an X*ray which has passed through a substance, 
se'cre-cy. Professional secrecy. 
se'cret remedy. A remedy the formula of which 
has not been,' or will not be, disclosed to the med¬ 
ical profession. [1 L. ’07.] 
se-cre'ta. The secretions. 

se-cre'ta-gogue, -to-gogue. i. An agent which 
stimulates secretion. 2. Stimulating secretion. 


SECRETE 


872 


SEDATIVE 


se-crete'. To separate; to fonn a substance termed 
SECRETION out of material? furnished by the 
blood, or from the blood itself. [< L. secer'nere 
to separate.] 

se-cre'tin. A hormone described by Bayliss and 
Starling in 1901, formed by the gastric juice or a 
dilute acid acting on the mucosa of the duodenal 
glands, and said, when absorbed, to produce pan¬ 
creatic stimulation definitely as to the external 
secretion and probably as to the internal secre¬ 
tion, and thus permitting its use in diabetes, 
se-cre'ting cells. Cells from which the secretion 
proper of a gland is derived. S. epithelium = 
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM. S. fringes, folds of 
synovial membrane projecting into the cavity of 
a joint; synovial fringes or folds. S. glands, 
glandular organs in which the blood circulating 
in capillary vessels comes into close relation with 
epithelial cells, whereby certain elements are 
separated from the blood, forming a secretion, 
se-cre'tion. A function of the body by which 
various fluids or substances are formed from the 
blood for the use of the body, differing in differ¬ 
ent organs according to their peculiar functions; 
thus, the liver .secretes the bile, the salivary 
glands the saliva, etc. 2. The substance secreted. 
IS-Antilytic, External, Internal, and Para¬ 
lytic s. tse-cre-ti'tious. 
se-cre'to-. Relating or pertaining to secretion: a 
combining form. [ < L. secre'tio, fr. secer'nere to 
secrete.] se-creffo-der-ma-to'sis. i. A derange¬ 
ment of the secreting function of the skin. 2. A 
skin disease combined with increase of the normal 
secretions. — se-cre'to-gogue = secretagogue. 
— se-cre'to-mo'to-ry, se-cre-to-mo'tor, a term 
applied to nerves which influence secretion in the 
manner of excitomotory nerves.— se-cre'to-ry, 
secreting, as S. aura, an excessive flow of saliva 
and other secretions preceding an epileptic attack: 
5 . capillaries, a network of simple or branched 
minute canaliculi enveloping the gland cell which 
discharges its secretion into them, as in the fundus 
glands of the stomach where the parietal cells are 
enveloped^by the capillary network, in the liver, 
etc.: 5 . duct, one of the smaller ducts of a gland 
which conveys the secretion to the excretory duct: 
5 . gland, ^secreting glands: and 5 . nerve, an 
efferent nerve which excites activity of the gland 
to which it is distributed, 
sec'tile. Capable of being cut. 
sec'tio, pi. -tio'nes. = Section. S. abdom'inis, 
laparotomy. S. agrippi'na = caesarean section. 
S. al'ta, suprapubic lithotomy. S^bilatera'lis, 
bilateral cystotomy. S. cadav'eris, necropsy. S. 
caesa'rea = c.ESAREAN section. Sectiones cere- 
bel'li*, sections of cerebellum. Sectiones cor'- 
porum quadrigemino'rum*, sections of quadri¬ 
geminal bodies. S. franconia'na or hypogas'trica, 
suprapubic cystotomy. Sectiones hypothal'ami*, 
sections of hypothalamus. Sectiones isth'mi*, 
sections of isthmus, as of cerebral peduncle. S. 
lateraTis, lateral cystotomy. S. maria'na or 
media'na, median cystotomy. Sectiones medul'- 
lae oblonga'tae*, transverse sections of medulla ob¬ 
longata. S. nympha'rum, ly NYMPHOTOMY. Sec¬ 
tiones pedun'culi cere'bri*, sections of cerebral 
peduncle. Sectiones pon'tis*, sections of the pons. 
S. postrolan'dica, transverse section of the brain 
through the posterior margins of the ascending 
frontal convolutions. S. praerolan'dica, trans¬ 
verse section of the brain just anterior to the as¬ 
cending frontal convolutions. S. rolan^dica, trans¬ 


verse section of the brain through the fissure 
of Rolando. Sectiones telenceph'ali*, sections of 
endbrain. Sectiones thalamenceph'ali*, sections 
of the thalamic brain. [L.] 
sec'tion. A cutting ; dissection. A line made by 
the intersection of two planes; also the surface 
formed when a solid body is cut by a plane. 
Especially, an extremely thin piece of tis¬ 
sue or organ, usually stained and rendered 
transparent for the purpose of microscopi¬ 
cal examination. Abdominal s., laparot¬ 
omy; COELIOTOMY. Ss. of the 
brain, transverse vertical sec¬ 
tions made at definite points 
of the brain. is^Pitres’s sec¬ 
tions; SECTio. Caesareans., 
ts- C.ESAREAN. S.scutter, an 
instrument for making sec¬ 
tions in microscopical work; 
a microtome. Frontal s., a 
section of the body at right 
angles to its median antero¬ 
posterior plane. Frozen s., 
ry FROZEN. S. knife, a large 
knife, of varying form, used 
in cutting sections for mi¬ 
croscopical examination. 

S.slifter, an instrument for 
handling wet celloidin sec¬ 
tions. Ss. of Pitres = Pitres’ s 
SECTIONS. Postsmortem s., a 
section made of some part of the body after death. 
Sagittal s., a section of the body through or 
- parallel to its anteroposterior plane. Serial s., 
arrangement of sections in the order in which 
they are made. Sigaultian s., symphyseotomy, 
-section. A suffix denoting cutting, as hominisec- 
tion; -tomy. t"Sect, as dissect. 
sec'tor. The area included between an arc of a 
circle and the radii limiting it. S. for the cavum 
nasopharyngeum, a sector bounded by radii from 
the punctum alae vomeris to the posterior nasal 
spine and the punctum foraminis magni posteri- 
oris. [< L., fr. seca're to cut.] fsec-tor'i al. 
se^cund. One*sided: applied to certain flowers, or 
other organs of plants. 

se-cun’da-grav'i-da. A woman pregnant for the 
second time. 

se-cun-di'na cer'e-bri. Pia mater. S. oc'uh, the mid¬ 
dle coat of the chorioid. S. u'teri, the chorion, 
sec'un-dine. The after=birth. In plural used col¬ 
lectively for the after=birth, blood =clots, etc., 
which, while normally expelled after the birth 
of a child, are sometimes retained and cause 


Section-Lifters. 


sepsis. 

sec-un-dip'a-ra. A woman in childbirth for the 
second time; II=para. Multipar.\. [< L. 
secun'dus second -f- pa'rere to bring forth.] fse- 
cun-di-par'i-ty. se-cun-dip'a-rous. 
se-cun'dum ar'tem. According to art; artistically; 
professionally; in the best approved manner: a 
phrase used in prescriptions; abbr. sec. art. [L.] 
Sed. Abbr. for L. se'des a stool, 
se'dans, pi. sedan'tia. A sedative medicine. [L.] 
sed'a-tin. i. Antipyrine. 2. Paravalerylamido- 
phenetol: used as a sedative, 
sed'a-tive. i. Allaying irritability or excitement. 
2. A remedy having that effect by reducing 
functional activity. According to the organs or 
function on which they act, sedatives are dis¬ 
tinguished as Cardiac, Cerebral, Gastric, 
Gener.\l, Genit,\l, Tntestinai,, NeRVEsTRUNK, 









SEDATOL 


SEGMENTELLUM 


S 78 


Respiratory, Spinal, and Vascular, S. diapho¬ 
retic. Diaphoretic. S. poison, t*- poison, S. 
salt, boracic acid. S. water, a wash or lotion com¬ 
posed of spirit of camphor, ammonia, common 
salt, and water. ®‘Aqua sedativa. fse-da'- 
tion. Calming; the action of a sedative, 
sed'a-tol. A proprietary preparation of heroin: 

used in respiratory diseases, 
sed en-ta-ry. Sitting habitually; requiring a sitting 
posture. [ <C L. sedenta'rius, fr. sede're to sit.] 
se'des. = Stool; anus. [L.] 

S6dillot s operation (se-di-y6z). i. Amputation of 
the leg at the middle, made with side flaps, the 
outer one being longer 
than the inner, a. 

Staphylorrhaphy in 
which liberating incis¬ 
ions are made on each 
side of the .suture. 3. 

Plastic restoration of 
the upper lip by quad¬ 
rangular flaps extending 
below the level of the 
mouth and attached 
above. 4. Ligation of 
the innominate artery 
between the heads of the 
sternocleidomastoid 
muscle, [C. E. S^dillot, 

French surgeon, 1804- 
1883.J 

sed'i-ment. The particles 
in liquids which by their 
weight fall to the bot¬ 
tom; a deposit formed 
by the precipitation of 
one or several sub¬ 
stances held in solution 
or suspension in a liq¬ 
uid. Urinary s., the 
solid matters thrown 
down from the urine, 
tsed-i-men'ta-ry, as 5 . 

cataract, a soft cataract whose denser parts have 
subsided. sed*i-men-ta'tion, the act of causing a 
sediment to be deposited, especially the rapid 
deposit made by a centrifugal apparatus, known 

as a sed-i-men-ta'tor. 

se-din'ha. In homoeopathy, a Brazilian herb prep¬ 
aration. [Port.] 

Sedlitz powder. ==Seidlitz powder. 
se'dox. A wound*dressing similar to cotton, 
se'dum. A genus of crassulaceous plants, of which 
S. ac're, small house^leek, or walbpepper, is 
emetocathartic and externally vesicant and ir¬ 
ritant. 5 . tele'phium was formerly used as a 
poultice in cuts, corns, haemorrhoids, etc. [L.] 
SeebecksHolmgren’s test (ze-bec»h 61 m'grenz). = 
Holmgren’s test. 

seed, eg- Semen. S. emulsion, an emulsion made 
by rubbing seeds which contain a fixed oil with 
water, the emulsifying agent being a gummy 
substance occurring in the seed, 
see'dystoe. A disease affecting the horse’s hoof, in 
which the hoof=wall is separated at the toe from 
the bone by a horny body containing a reddish 
mass of dry serous and bloody exudation. 
Seegen’s method (sFgenz). Treatment of diabetes 
by a diet consisting of meats, eggs, cheese, vege¬ 
tables, and gluten bread. 

see'hear. A stethoscopic device which, by means of 
a fluorescent screen and sound chamber, renders 



Si'dillot’s Amputation 
OF THE Leo. 


the heart and lungs visible as well as audible. 
Seeligmiiller’s sign (se-hg-mu'lerz). Dilatation of 
the pupil of the eye on the side affected in neu¬ 
ralgia. 

see'saw eczema. Eczema alternating with some 
other disease. 

Seesel’s pouch or pocket (si-sflz). A pouch in the 
embryo behind the top of the hvpophysis. 
seg. castrated bull, 
se'ge-rin. I. M. ’06.] 

se-ges'tor. A proprietary embalming fluid for in¬ 
jection into the veins of the cadaver, 
seg'ment. A piece cut oft', either actually or by an 
imaginary line. Segments besides those given 
below are Ceratobranchial, epihranchial, and 
hypobranchial (tar stylohyoid arch), Interan- 
NULAR, Lower, Medullary, Pharyngobrachial 
(lar stylohyoid arch), Rivinian, Rod*, Sacral, 
Schmidt-Lantermann’s, and Vertebral (= soma¬ 
tome, def. i). S. of Bandl, Bandl’s ring. Pubic 
s. of the pelvis, the portion of the floor of the 
pelvis between the symphysis pubis and the 
anterior wall of the vagina, which it includes. 
Sacral s. of the pelvis, the portion of the floor of 
the pelvis between the sacrum and the posterior 
wall of the vagina. Lower s. of the uterus, the 
portion of the uterus below the ring of Bandl. 
seg'men-tal, seg'men-ta-ry. Pertaining to a seg¬ 
ment or segmentation; undergoing segmentation. 
S. arteries, arteries which are distributed within 
the region where they originate. S. ducts, two 
canals of the embryo, extending from the primary 
head*kidney or pronephron in front to the cloaca 
behind; afterward they split longitudinally along 
their posterior part, forming the two ducts of 
Muller and the two wolffian ducts. S. neuritis, 
neuritis limited to an interannular segment. S. 
organ, the primitive excretory organ in the em¬ 
bryo of the lower types, consisting of coiled tubes 
repeated in every segment. S. paralysis, hyp¬ 
notic paralysis in which only a segment of a limb 
is affected. S. sphere = segmentation sphere. 
S. tubules, the tubules of the wolffian body, 
seg-men-ta'tion. The process of division by which 
the fertilized ovum divides before differentia¬ 
tion into layers occurs. S. cavity, the cavity in 
a fertilized ovum formed during its segmentation ; 
a blastoccele. S. cell. = S. sphere, def. 2. Cen- 
trolecithal s., segmentation in which a central 
mass of nutritive yolk is surrounded by the seg¬ 
mentation spheres. Cerebral s. \^J.A.M.A. 
j. ’06.] Complete or holoblastic s., total s. In¬ 
complete or meroblastic s., partial s. S. nucleus, 
the nucleus of an impregnated ovum formed 
by the junction of a male with a female pro¬ 
nucleus and afterward undergoing segmenta¬ 
tion ; cleavage nucleus ; conjugation ^nucleus. 
Partial s., a variety in which the formative yolk 
alone undergoes segmentation. S. pronucleus, 
the nucleus of a fertilized germ. S. sphere, r. 
The mass of cells produced by segmentation of 
the nucleus of the ovum; a morula. 2. One of 
the cells resulting from division of the ovum; 
a blastomere. S. spindle, the striated, spindle* 
shaped appearance assumed by a celLnucleus 
during karyokinesis. Total s., a variety in which 
the entire ovum undergoes segmentation. Un¬ 
equal s., a variety in w'hich the spheres of one 
pole are smaller and more numerous than those 
of the opposite pole. 

seg-men-teFlum. A blastomere. [< Dim. of L. 
segmen'tum segment.] 



SECOND’S ANGLES 


874 


SEMEN 


S^gond’s angles (se-gonz). Angles made by lines 
from the basion to the principal points on the 
median surface of the skull. 5 .’5 facial angle is 
the angle included between a line joining the 
basion to the mental points and one joining the 
basion and the ophryon. S.'s cerebral angle is 
that between a line from the basion to the oph¬ 
ryon and one from the basion to the opisthion, 
seg're-ga-tor. An instrument for securing, without 
danger of mixing, the urine from each kidney. 
Seguin’s signal symptom (seg'wfnz). Involuntary 
contraction of the muscle or muscles usually af¬ 
fected in epilepsy, occurring as a warning just 
before the beginning of an epileptic attack. 
[Edouard S^guin, French alienist, 1812-1880.] 
Seidel’s reaction for inosite (zai'dflz). The substance 
to be tested is evaporated to dryness with nitric 
acid. If inosite be present, after the residue is 
treated with ammonia and strontium acetate solu¬ 
tion, a green color and a violet precipitate result. 
Seidlitz powder (sed'h'ts). A compound of Rochelle 
salt and sodium carbonate (usually wrapped in 
blue paper) and tartaric acid (usually wrapped in 
white paper) which, when dissolved separately in 
water, forms when r_.ixed an effervescing aperient 
liquid similar to Seidlitz water. Pulvis effer- 
VESCENS COMPOSITUS*. 

Seignette’s salt (sen-y^ts). =Potassii et sodii 
TARTRAS*. 

Seiler’s method (sai'Rrz). Treatment of phthisis by 
inhaling fumes of hydrofluoric acid. S.’s tablets. 
An alkaline tablet containing sodium salts, eu- 
calyptol, menthol, and oil of gaultheria from 
which to prepare with water a nasal douche or a 
mouth wash. M.R. j. ’88.] 
sei-ses-the'si a. The sensation of concussion, 
seis-mo-ther'a-py. Mechanic vibration used thera¬ 
peutically; vibrotherapeutics; shaking cure. 
Seitz’s sign (zaitsTz). Inspiration beginning harshly 
bronchial, and then becoming faintly bronchial, 
denotes a pulmonary cavity, 
sei'zure. Disease occurring suddenly or a recur¬ 
rence of an attack. Cerebellar s., cerebellar. 
Epileptic s., epileptic. 
se-junc'tion. A psychological term for interruption 
of the continuity of the association complexes, 
which tends to break up personality, 
se-lec'tion. The act of selecting or choosing. Nat¬ 
ural s., NATURAL. SeXUal S., SEXUAL. [< 
selig'ere, selec'tum, to choose.] fse-lec'tive, as 5 . 
stain, one which colors one tissue=element more 
vividly or to the exclusion of another. Because 
various tissue^elements show different affinities 
for stains, a tissue may be stained by several 
pigments, as in Double, Triple, or Multiple stain¬ 
ing. se-lec'tor, as Cell s., i^-cell, def. ,3. 
se-le'ne. The lunule of a nail. [acMjvri moon.] 
se-le-ni'a-sis, -ni-as'mus. = Epilepsy. 
se-len'ic acid. A colorless liquid, HgSeO^, obtained 
by decomposing'a seleniate with hydrogen sul¬ 
phide. tse-le'iii ate, an oxygen salt of selenic acid, 
sel'e-nide. A compound of selenium. fS"-lDE. 
se-len'in. An antitoxin from Diplococ'cus semilu- 
na'ris: used in tuberculous affections, 
se-le'ni-ous acid. A substance, HjSeOg, formed by 
the action of nitric acid upon selenium, 
se-le'ni um. A nonsmetallic element having prop¬ 
erties like sulphur: at. wt., 78.87; symb,, Se. 

Elements, table of. fse-len-if'er-ous. 
se-le'no-dont. Having crescentic ridges on the 
crown, as molar teeth, 
sel-e-no-gam'i a. Somnambulism. 


se-le-no-ple'gi a, -plex'i a. An apoplectic state as- 
cribed to the influence of rays of the moonlight, 
sel-e-no-py'rine. A derivative of antipyrine. 
self. One’s own person. Auto- S.sabuse = mas¬ 
turbation. S.sdigestion = autopepsia. S.=fer- 
mentation, fermentation developed without the 
addition of yeast, as by germs derived from the 
air; autofermentation. S.sfertilization, the fertil¬ 
ization of the ovum of a plant by means of pollen 
derived from the same plant. S.sincasement, en¬ 
closure of the small intestine in a pouch of the 
mesentery. S.sinfection, infection of another part 
or of the whole organism from some already ex¬ 
isting local and infectious lesion; autosinfection. 
S.-inflation, puncture of the mucous membrane 
of the mouth at the lower gingival reflection, and 
the forcing of air into the subcutaneous tissues by 
powerful blowing efforts, suggested as a life-sav¬ 
ing measure in cases of drowning. S.sinoculation 
= AUTo-iNocuLATioN. S.slimited disease, a dis¬ 
ease which runs a definite and limited course 
without respect to treatment. S.=mutilation, the 
maiming of one’s own person: common in certain 
forms of insanity or done for purposes of malin¬ 
gering. S.spollution=MASTURBATioN. S.stegister- 
ing thermometer, a thermometer which automat¬ 
ically registers the highest or the lowest temper¬ 
ature to which it has been exposed: respectively 
Maximum thermometer and Minimum thermom¬ 
eter. S.ssuggestion = autosuggestion. S.ssus- 
pension, suspension of the body by the head 
(Cephalic s.ss.), or by the axillae and the head 
(Axillocephalic s.ss.), for stretching the spine, 
se-li'bra. Half a pound. [< L. se'mis li'bra.] 
Seli'num palus'tre. = Peucedanum palustre. 
Se-li'wa-noff’s test. Careful heating with hydro¬ 
chloric acid and resorcin produces a bright red 
color if levulose is present, 
sel'la, pi. sel'lce. The sella turcica. S. equi'na, the 
sella turcica. S. tur'cica*, “Turkish saddle,” the 
depression within the three clinoid processes of 
the sphenoid bone, lodging the pituitary body. 
Selters or Seltzer water (z^l't^rz, seWzev). An ef¬ 
fervescing mineral water obtained from springs 
at Selters, Prussia, containing sodium carbonate, 
sodium chloride, and various sulphates; also an 
artificial water closely resembling it. 

Sem. Abbr. for L. se'men or sem'ina'“ seed.” 
se-mei-og'ra-phy. A description of the signs or 
symptoms of disease. [< OJifielov sign or symp¬ 
tom 4- }'pd(j)eiv to write.] fse-niei-ol'o-gy, se-mi- 
ol'o-gy, se-mei-o'sis. =Semeiotics. 
se-mei'on. A small, irregular, red spot, probably a 
vascular naevus. 

se-mei-ot'ics. That branch of medicine which 
treats of the signs or symptoms of disease; 
semeiology, semiology; semeiosis; symptomatol¬ 
ogy. tse-mei-ot'ic. 

se-mel-in'ci-dent. Attacking a person only once: 

said of a disease. [< L. sem'el once-f- incident.] 
se'men, pi. sem'ina. i. A seed or a seed-like fruit. 
S.scon'tra. The seed of a species of Artemis'ia: 
used as a vermifuge. 2. The fluid secreted by the 
testes, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate, 
Cowper’s glands, and the muciparous glands of 
the urethra, and ejaculated during coition. It is 
a thick, whitish, viscid, neutral, or alkaline albu¬ 
minous fluid, having a characteristic odor, con¬ 
sisting of the clear liquor seminis, which contains 
spermatozoa, seminal granules, fine granular 
matter, columnar epithelial cells, cholesterin, leci¬ 
thin, nuclein, protamine, proteids, salts, spermine, 


SEMENCINA 


875 


SEMINAL 


xanthine, and oiLglobules. tsr- Biological test ; 
Florence test; spermatozoon. S. viri'le, the 
semen. [L.] 

se-men-ci'na. Levant wormseed; santonica. 
se-men-u'ri a, se-mi-nu^ri a. Occurrence of semen 
in the urine. [< L. se'men semen + ovpov urine.] 
se-mes'ter. One of the halLyearly courses* in Ger¬ 
man universities [ < L. sex six -I- men'sis month.] 
tse-mes'tral. 

sem'i-. A prefix signifying one^half or partially, 
sem-i-ac'id. Half acid! 
sem-i-bulb'. = Bulbus vestibuli. 
semd-ca-nal', sem-i-ca-na'lis. A canal open at one 
side, thus forming an incomplete tube. Semi- 
cana'lis hu'meri, the bicipital groove of the hume¬ 
rus. Semicana'lis tubae auditivae* = Eustachi¬ 
an CANAL. 

semu-car-ti-lag'i-nous. Partly cartilaginous, 
sem'i-cas-tra'tion. Removal of one testicle, 
sem-i-ceph'a-lus. Anencephalia. 
sem-i-cir'cu-lar. Shaped like a half circle. S. 
canals or ducts, three curved bony passages form¬ 
ing the posterior part of the labyrinth of the 
internal ear, and containing the membranous 
canals, developed from the walls of the auditory 
vesicle; ductus semicirculares*. They are termed 
the superior, having its convexity directed 
toward the upper surface of the pyramid, the 
posterior, having its convexity directed backward 
and its plane parallel to the posterior wall of the 
pyramid, and lateral or external, having its con¬ 
vexity directed backward and its plane horizon¬ 
tal. S. line (fold of Douglas), the lower curved 
border of the internal layer of the aponeurosis of 
the internal oblique muscles of the abdomen 
where it no longer covers the posterior face of 
the rectus abdominis muscle; Douglas’s line; 
linea semicircularis [Douglasi\*. 
sem-i-coc'ti infan'tes. Children suffering from 
PE.MPHiGUS syphiliticus, SO called because of the 
scalded appearance of the skin, 
sem-i-con'flu-ent. Halfsconfluent; partly conflu¬ 
ent. 

sem-i-cor'date. Having the shape of the half of a 
longitudinally divided heart, 
sem-i-cre'tin-ism. Cretinism in which the patient 
is able to receiv'^e impressions on the senses and 
to appreciate the bodily wants, fsem-i-cre'tin. 
sem-i-cris'ta. An elevation which with a similar 
one on a bone adjoining forms a ridge, 
sem-i-cu'ne-i-form compress. A form of graduated 

COMPRESS. 

sem-i-cu'pi um. A half=bath, or hip-bath. [< L. 
se'mis ha.\i + cu'pa tub.] 

Semid. or Semidr. An abbr. for L. semidrach'ma, 
half a drachm. 

semd-de-cus-sa'tion. Half or partial decussation, 
sem-i-di-a-gram-mat'ic. Diagrammatic in part; 

illustrative rather than an exact copy, 
sem-i-fib-u-la'ris. The peronaeus brevis muscle, 
sem-i-flex'ion. That position of a limb midway 
between flexion and extension which minimizes 
muscular tension: important in fractures, 
sem-i-glu'tin. A substance resembling peptone, 
derived from gelatin. 

Semih. An abbr. for L. semiho'ra, half an hour, 
sem-i-lu'nar, sem-i-lu'nate. Resembling a half* 
moon, or crescent. S. bodies — gianuzzi s cres¬ 
cents. S. bone, the second one of the first row 
of carpal bones, counting from the outside, or 
thumb side; lunar bone; os lunatum*. S. carti¬ 
lages, the two crescentic disks of fibrocartilage of 


the knee=joint, lying each on top of one of the 
tuberosities of the tibia. They consist of an 
external cartilage (meniscus lateralis*), almost 
circular in form and an internal cartilage (menis¬ 
cus medialis*) . S. cavity, the sigmoid cavity of the 
radius. S. fascia = bicipital fascia. S. fissure 
= calcarine fissure. S. fold of Douglas. i 
The concave border of the posterior wall of the 
sheath of the rectus abdominis. 2. =Semilu- 
NARES DouGLAsi. S. fold of the eye = PLICA 
semilunaris conjunctivae*. S. folds of colon 
= PLICAE semilunares coLi*. S. ganglion, i. 
Either one of the large sympathetic ganglia 
situated beneath the diaphragm and forming an 
important part of the solar plexus. 2. = Gas¬ 
serian ganglion. S. hiatus= hiatus semiluna¬ 
ris*. S. line, the curved and thickened portion of 
the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle 
along the outer edge of the rectus abdominis; 
Spigelius’s line; linea semilunaris [Spigeli]*. S. 
\ 6 \iQSy superior and inferior, divisions of the dorsal 
and ventral surfaces of the cerebellum; the 
crescentic lobes. S. notch. i. The suprascapu¬ 
lar notch. 2. The interclavicular notch. 3.= 
Greater sigmoid cavity (of ulna). S. opening 
== hiatus semilunaris*. S. plexus, the solar 
plexus. S. plica = PLICA semilunaris conjunc¬ 
tivae*. S. space of Traube, a portion of the 
lower left thoracic region corresponding to the 
tympanitic resonance of the stomach. S. surface, 
the smooth portion of the acetabulum surround¬ 
ing the acetabular fossa. S. tract, a tract of 
white fibres in the lateral part of the hemi¬ 
sphere of the cerebellum. S. valves, the three 
valves at the commencement of the aorta; val- 
vulae semilunares aortas* or the three at the be¬ 
ginning of the pulmonary artery; valvulae semi¬ 
lunares arteriae pulmonalis*. 

sem*i-lu-na're. The semilunar bone of the wrist. 

sem-i-lu-na'res dougla'si. The folds of the perito¬ 
neum forming the rectovesical pouch; plicae 
semilunares. 

sem*i-lux-a'tion. = Sublu.xation. 

semu-ma-lig'nant. Somewhat malignant: applied 
to tumors which, like the sarcomata, recur locally 
without infecting distant parts. 

sem'i-mem-bra-no'sus. A muscle arising from the 
tuber ischii and inserted into the head of the 
tibia and into the ligaments and fascia of the 
knee; membranosus; ischiopoplitibialis; muscu- 
lus semimembranosus*. 

sem-i-mem'bra-nous. Partly membranous. 

sem-i-mol'e-cule. A radical which in composition 
has oneshalf the atoms it had in the free state. 

sem'i-mute. One whose speech is defective on 
account of deafness. 

sem'i-nal. Belonging to seed, or to the semen; re¬ 
lating to seed. S.5air = AURA seminalis. S. 
animalcule, the older name of the seminal ele¬ 
ment, originating from the erroneous concep¬ 
tions formerly held concerning the nature of such 
cells. S. canal, the seminiferous tubules. S. 
capsule, a seminal vesicle. S. cells, cells lining 
the seminiferous tubules, the innermost of which 
are termed spermatoblasts. S. cyst, a cyst of the 
testicle or the spermatic cord containing semen. 
S. duct, the ejaculatory duct. S. emission, 
ejaculation. S. filaments, spermatozoa. S. fluid 
= SEMEN. S. gland, a testicle. S. globules, sem¬ 
inal granules. S. granules, minute refracting glob¬ 
ules found in the semen. S. losses = spermator- 
RHCEA. S. protuberance = CAPUT gallinaginis. 


SEMINALISM 


SEIIKI 


87 () 


S. receptacle= RECEPTACULUM seminis, S. tubes, 
the tubes composing the lobes of the testicle. 
S. vesicles, the two convoluted receptacles of 
the semen situated at the back and lower part 
of the bladder; vesiculae semtnales*. S. ves¬ 
iculitis, IS- VESICULITIS. [< L. semina'lis, fr. 
se'men seed.] tsem-i-na'tion, intromission of se¬ 
men into the uterus; insemination, sem-i-nif'- 
e-rous, bearing seeds; also conveying seminal 
fluid: applied to certain vessels, as 5 . tubules — 
TUBULi SEMiNiFERi*. sem-i-niric,forming semeii. 
sem'i-nal-ism. The theory which designates the 
intelligence of man as that of abstraction and 
that of beasts as instinct; proposed by Bouchet, 
of Paris, as a means of differentiation, 
sem'i-nar. A students’ conference in which orig¬ 
inal investigations of a special nature are dis¬ 
cussed under the guidance of an expert. 
sem*i-ner-vo'sus. = Semitendinosus. 
sem'i-nex. Half dead. 

sem-i-nor'mal solution. A .solution half as strong 
as a normal solution, 
se-mi-nu'ri a. =Semenuria. 
se-mi-og'ra-phy. = Semeiographv. 
se-mi-ol'o-gy. == Semeiotics. 
sem'i-or-bic'u-lar. Half round; semicircular, 
sem-i-os'se ous. Somewhat bony, 
se-mi-ot'ics. == Semeiotics. 

sem-i-ox'i-dized. Combined with half the oxygen 
necessary to complete oxidation, 
sem-i-ple'gi a. = Hemiplegia 

sem'i-prone. Midway between pronation and supi¬ 
nation. S. posture or position = Sims’s position. 
tsem-i-pro-na'tion. 
sem-ip-to'sis. Partial ptosis, 
se'mis. Half: abbr. in prescriptions ss. [L.] 
semu-sid-e-ra'ti o. = Hemiplegia. [L.] 
sem-i-sol'id. Intermediate between liquid and solid, 
sem-i-som'nis, -so'por. — Coma, def. i. fseni-i- 
som'nous, -so'po-rous. 

sem-i-spec'u-lum. An instrument shaped like a 
halfsspeculum: used in lithotomy for widening 
the incision made in the neck of the bladder; a 
blunt gorget. 

sem-i-spi-na'lis, -na'tus. The superficial part of 
the transversospinal muscles of the back; muscu- 
lus semispinalis*. S. cap'itis = complexus. S. 
col'li, a muscle arising from the transverse proc¬ 
esses of the upper six dorsal vertebrae and in¬ 
serted into the spines of the second to the fifth 
cervical vertebra; musculus semispinalis cervicis*. 
S. dor'si, a muscle arising from the sixth to the 
tenth dorsal vertebra and inserted into the spines 
of the last two cervical and six upper vertebrae; 
musculus spinalis dorsi*. S. inter'nus, the lon- 
gissimus dorsi. [L.] 
sem*i-star-va'tion. = Hunger cure. 
sem-i-sul'cus. A depression which forms with its 
fellow on the opposite side a complete sulcus, 
sem-i-su'pine. =Semiprone. tsemd-su-pi-na'tion. 
semfi-ten-di-no'sus. A long muscle arising, together 
with the long head of the biceps femoris, from 
the tuberosity of the ischium, and inserted into 
the inner surface of the shaft of the tibia; ischio- 
pretibialis; seminervosus; tendinosus; musculus 
semitendinosus*. [L.] 

sem-i-ten'di-nous. Half or partly tendinous, 
sem-i-ter'ti an. Partly tertian and partly quotidian. 

lyT ertian; quotidian. 
se-miv'a-lent. Of half the normal power, 
sem'i-vir. Eunuch. [< L. se'mis half -f vir man.] 
sem-i-vi'vus. Half*alive. 


sem-o-li'na. A proprietary food made from wheat. 
Se'mon’s law. In progressive organic lesions of 
the centres or the trunks of the motor laryngeal 
nerves, the abductors of the vocal cords succumb 
more frequently than the adductors. S.’s sign or 
symptom, decreased mobility of the vocal cords 
in cancer of the larynx. 

se-nal'bin. A glucoside, C;,oH,,N2S20,n, found in 
Bras'sica al'ba. 

se-nar-mon'tile. = Antimony. 
se-iia'sal. A preparation of sodium phosphate and 
senna: used as a cathartic, 
sen'e-ca. = Senega*. S. oil = petroleum. 
Sene'cio. A genus of composite plants, from certain 
species of which, as S. gra'cilis and 5 . vul'garis, 
are obtained sen'e-cin and sen-e-ci-o'nin (se-ni'- 
o-cin): used in dysmenorrhoea and as tonic, diu¬ 
retic, and emmenagogue. S. jacobae'a, a species 
of Europe and Asia; ragwort. Dose of fluidex- 
tract in amenorrhoea, i Cc. (15 mins.), 
se-nec'tus. Old age, usually reckoned from about 
the sixtieth year, Oslerize. [< L. se'nex o\d.] 
sen'e-ga*. The dried root of Polyg'ala sen'ega, a 
plant growing wild in many parts of the United 
States, especially in the Southern and Southwest¬ 
ern States; senega snakeroot. It is stimulating, 
expectorant, and diuretic; in large doses emetic 
and cathartic: formerly regarded as a remedy for 
the bite of a rattlesnake, whence the popular name 
snakeroot. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). i^Fluidex- 
tractum senega*; syrupus seneg.e*. Senega 
contains the active principle sen'e-gin (polygalic 
acid) which is analogous to saponin if not identical 
with it. [If R. ’05.] False, large, northern, or 
white s., a variety said to be obtained from Polyg'¬ 
ala al'ba or P. sen'ega. Western species, 
se-nes'cence. The state or process of growing old. 
seng. A proprietary preparation: said to be the 
active principle of Asiatic ginseng, 
se'nile. Of or belonging to old age; old. S. arcus 
= ARCUS senilis. S. atrophy, diminution of size 
and weight due to old age. Atrophy. S. bron¬ 
chitis, chronic bronchitis of aged persons. S. 
cataract, cataract due to old age. S. chorea = 
paralysis agitans. S. degeneration, degenera¬ 
tive changes, chiefly fibroid, accompanying old 
age. S. dementia or insanity, dementia due to 
senile degeneration of the brain. S. gangrene, 
gangrene caused by deficiency of the blood* 
supply due to the cardiac weakness of old age. 
S. involution, shrivelling up of an organ in 
aged people. S. mania, insanity due to old age. 
S. marasmus = senility. S. neuritis = neuritis 
senilis. S. osteomalacia, osteomalacia coming 
on in old age and involving usually the bones of 
the thorax and pelvis. S. phthisis, a form of fibroid 
phthisis common in old people, usually latent 
and running a chronic course: often complicated 
with emphysema or bronchitis. S. pulse, the 
pulse peculiar to old age, due to inelasticity of 
the arteries. S. respiration, the feeble respira¬ 
tion of old age. S. scrofula, a strumous condi¬ 
tion developing in advanced life. S. tremor, the 
trembling or shaking movement seen in old 
people. S. ulcer, an ulcer occurring on the limbs 
of aged persons, due to degeneration of the 
arteries. S. vaginitis, ly vaginitis 
se'nil-ism. Progeria. 
se-nil'i-ty. Old age. 
se-ni'o-cin. i^Senecio. 

sen'ki. A Japanese disease, described by Kompfer 
in 1713, resembling lepra associated with colic. 


SENNA 


877 


SENSORY 


sen'na*. The dried leaflets of Cas'sia acuiifo'lia 
{Alexandria s.), and of C. angustifo'lia (India s.), 
although those from C. elonga'ta, C. obova'ta, C 
lanceola'ia, and C. ova'ta are as 
effectual as the official variety. 

It is a mild purgative, apt to 
gripe. Dose, 4 Gm. (60 grs.). 

It is also denominated Alexan¬ 
dria, India (Mocha), and Tripoli 
s., from the points whence it 
reaches commerce. ^Confec- 
TIO SENN.E*; FLUIDEXTRACTUM 
SENN.E*; INFUSUM SENN 4 E COM 
POSITUM*; PULVIS GLYCYRRHIZ^ 

COMPOSITUS*: SYRUPUS SENN^*. 

American s.,Ca5'5fa tnarilan'dica. 

[Arab.] fsen'na-crol, sen-na-pic'- 
rin, bitter principles of senna. 

sen'nine. i. A proprietary disinfectant. 2 . A 
proprietary syrup of senna. 

sen'nite. Cathartomannite. 

Senn’s bone plates (senz). Plates of decalcified bone: 
used in intestinal anastomosis. ^ Murphy’s 
BUTTON. S.’s test, the introduction of hydrogen 
into the intestines by the rectum, to aid in 
diagnosis of intestinal perforations. 

sen-sa'tion. The consciousness of an impression 
made by an external body on the organs of sense; 
the immediate effect produced on the mind by 
the contact of an external object (Objective s. or 
External s.) with the nerves of sensation, or by 
some change going on within the body (Sub¬ 
jective s.. Internal s.. General s., or Visceral s.). 

Girdle*s. ; RADIATED s. Circle of s., a portion 
of the skin to which a single nerve*fibre is dis¬ 
tributed. Transference of s., clairvoyance. 

sense, i. A faculty by which the properties or con¬ 
ditions of external things are perceived. There are 
usually reckoned five senses: sight, hearing, taste, 
touch, and smell. Other specially named senses 
are Acid, Color*, Genesic (— reproductive), 
Kincesthetic (= muscular). Light, Muscular, 
Posture, Pressure*, Reproductive, Respiratory 
(— BESOIN DE RESPIRER), SEVENTH, Sixth (— CCE- 

NiESTHESis), Space, Stereognostic, Tempera¬ 
ture, Time*, Tone*, and Visceral (= seventh). 
2 . A feeling or sensation. S.sbody, a peripheral 
sensesorgan. S.scapsule or cavity, a hollow organ 
of special sense, as the eye, ear, and nose, especially 
in the embryo. S.scentre, a portion of the brain* 
cortex or a ganglion of gray nerve*matter relating 
immediately with some special sensation. S.» 
epithelium, epithelium connected with a special 
sense*organ; neuro*epithelium. S.sfilament, a 
thread*like termination of a peripheral nerve* 
fibre. S.sjudgment, the intelligent perception 
and appreciation of a sensation. S. of locality or 
of space, the faculty by which the forms, etc., of 
objects in space are recognized. S.sorgan, an 
organ which receives a stimulus which is con¬ 
verted into a sensation. Sense*organs consist of 
nerve*cells (central sense*organs) and special 
sensory nervesendings (peripheral sense*organs). 
S.sseta, a bristle*like termination of a sensory 
nerve*fibre. S.sshock, a feeling like an epileptic 
aura, beginning in the extremities and proceeding 
to the head, observed upon wakening by hyster¬ 
ical or fagged persons. 

sensibilisatrice. Bordet’s term for the amboceptor. 

sen-si-bil'i-ty. Susceptibility of feeling; that fac¬ 
ulty by which the brain perceives an impression 
made upon it; the power by which living parts 


receive impressions from the different bodies 
placed in contact with them. tsen"sib-il-i-za'tion. 
I. The process of making more sensitive. 2. 
= Sensitization, sen-sib'i-li-zer, a substance 
conducing to chemism by acting as a screen, 
sen’si-ble. Capable of sensation; perceptible by 
the senses; capable of exciting sensation, 
sen-sif'e-rous. Transmitting sensory impressions, 
sen-sig'e-nous, -gen'ic. Causing sensory impulses, 
sen’si-tive. i. Endowed with feeling; easily af¬ 
fected; sentient. 2. Reacting to stimulation. 
S. dentine, a sensitive condition of the dentine 
due to irritation of the dentinal tubules. S. 
muscle, an irritable muscle. S. soul, (of Stahl) 
the principle which is immortal. ts®ii^si-tized. 
sen’si-tiv-i-za'tion. A phenomenon of hypnotism, 
in which the hypnotized person is supposed to be 
influenced by actions performed on indifferent 
media, e. g., air or any object, 
sen'si-ti-zer or sen'si-ti-zing substance. The ambo¬ 
ceptor of Ehrlich, jsen-si-ti-za'tion, treating 
with amboceptor in order to render susceptible 
to the action of complement, 
sen-si-tom'e-ter. Sensitive photographic plates 
used to test light*ray penetration of the body, 
sen'so-. Denoting sense or sensation: a combining 
form. [< L. sen'sus, fr. senti're to perceiv'e, 
think, or feel.] sen-so-mo'bile, denoting move¬ 
ment in response to a stimulus, fsen-so-mo- 
bil'i-ty. — sen-so-mo'tor, belonging to both sen¬ 
sory and motor.— sen-so'ri al, belonging to the 
sensorium, as 5 . power, the power of receiving 
and emitting impulses.— sen*so-ri-di-ges'tive, re¬ 
lating to sensation and digestion. — sen’so-ri- 
glan'du-lar, glandular activity consequent upon 
sensory*nerve stimulation.— sen’so-ri-me-tab'o- 
lism, metabolic action resulting from sensory* 
nerve stimulation.— sen*so-ri-mo'tor, both senso¬ 
ry and motor, as S. centre, a sensory centre closely 
connected with motor centres, and 5 . nerve, a 
mixed nerve; a nerve composed of both sensory 
and motor fibres.— sen*so-ri-mus'cu-lar, effecting 
muscular action in response to sensory^nerve 
stimulation.— sen-so'ri um. i. A sensory nerve* 
centre. 2. The whole sensory apparatus of the 
body. S. commu'ne, that part of the cerebral 
cortex which receives and regulates the impulses 
brought to the various sensory nerve*centres.— 
sen‘so-ri-vas'cular, effecting ^’^ascular changes 
through sensory*nerve stimulation.— sen‘so-ri- 
vo-li'tion-al, partaking of volition and sensation, 
sen'so-ry. Relating to sensation. S. amusia, in¬ 
ability to appreciate musical sounds; musical 
deafness. S. aphasia, aphasia in which the 
patient has lost the memory for words; amnesia. 
S. area, the sensorium commune. S. aura, any 
bodily sensation, such as pain, pressure, heat, 
cold, flashes of light, tastes, etc., preceding an 
epileptic attack. S. cells, the highly specialized, 
often rod*shaped cells, frequently bearing hair* 
like appendages, which serve as the end*organs 
of nerves. S. centre, a nervescentre which re¬ 
ceives sensations from the sensory nerves and 
sensory tract. S. crossway, the posterior third of 
the internal capsule of the brain, so called because 
there the fibres conveying general and special 
sensations cross to the opposite side. S. deafness. 
I. = WoRD*DEAFNESS. 2. The defect of speech 
due to wordsdeafness. S. decussation, the superior 
pyramidal decussation. Decussation. S. 
epilepsy, epilepsy in which delusions of the senses 
take the place of convulsions. S. epithelium 



SENSUALISM 


878 


SEPTICAEMIA 


SENSEsEPITHELIUM. S. fibre = S. NERVEsFIBRE. 
S. ganglia, ganglia at the base of the brain con¬ 
nected with sensory nerves, as the corpora quad- 
rigemina, optic thalami, etc. S. image, an image 
or a representation of an external object formed 
by the sense=organs. S. impression, ^ impression, 
def, 2. S. lobe, (^physiological lobes. S. 
nervesfibre, a nervesfibre transmitting sensory 
impulses. Sensory nervesfibres are distinguished 
as general, or those which convey impulses of a 
general character, and special, or those which 
convey a special and particular variety of sensa¬ 
tion. as of taste or of vision. S. nerves, efferent 
nerves which convey sensations from the periph¬ 
eral sense*organs to the central sensescentres. S. 
neuron, a neuron transmitting impulses from the 
skin to the cortex of the brain. S. nucleus, i. 
The smalbcelled nucleus of origin of the glosso¬ 
pharyngeal nerve. It is situated on the floor of 
the fourth ventricle, external to the chief nucleus 
of the auditory nerve; smalbcelled nucleus; 
accessoriovagoglossopharyngeal nucleus. 2. A 
cluster of nerve=cells in the gray matter of the 
upper third of the fourth ventricle, connected 
with the ascending root of the trigeminal nerve; 
accessory sensory nucleus. S. organ = sensed 
ORGAN. S. paralysis = ANESTHESIA. S. path, 
the path of nerves, spinal cord, and cerebral cor¬ 
tex along which a sensory impression is conveyed; 
centripetal path. S. region, the sensorium com¬ 
mune. S. root, a nerve*root which excites only 
sensation. S. sphere, the region of the central 
nervous system which appreciates sensory im¬ 
pressions. S. system, the sensory nerves taken as 
a system. S. tract, the path to the brain taken 
by a sensation. [< L. sen'sus sense.] 
sen'su-al-ism. The state of being dominated by 
bodily or animal passions. [< L. sen'sus sense.] 
sen'ti-ent (sen'shi-fnt). Having sensation or feeling; 
that which is particularly susceptible of sensation, 
as the extremities of the nerves, 
sen-ti'na. i. = Pineal body. 2. = Pituitary 

BODY. 

Sen-ti-nel'li’s powder. Subcarbonate of magnesia. 
sen'ti-neUpile. A peculiar 
pile found at the lower 
end of an anal fissure 
consisting of the hyper¬ 
trophied wall of the anal 
pocket. 

sen-ti-sec'tion. Vivisec¬ 
tion without anaesthesia. 

[ < L. senti're to feel -f 
-SECTioN.] Calli- 

SECTION. 

sep'al. A leafslike division 
of the calyx of a flower, 
sep'a-ra-to-ry, sep'a-ra- 

tor, sep'a-ra-to'ri um. i. A strainer. 2. An in¬ 
strument for separating the tissues or teeth. 3. 
An instrument for removing the pericranium or 
periosteum. 

se-ped-o-gen'e-sis, se*ped-o-no-gen'e-sis. Putres¬ 
cence. [< G 7 ]TTELv to be rotten + yeveatg origin.] 
se'pe-don. Putridity. [< ayireiv to be rotten.] 
se'pi a. The cuttlesfish; also the fine brown pig¬ 
ment obtained from the ink-bag of several species 
of cuttlesfish, especially 5 . ofjicina'lis. The osse¬ 
ous part of the cuttlesfish, se'pi-ost or se'pi um, 
is used as an antacid and in toothspowders. 
sep'sine. Any ptomaine, as that from decaying 
veast. capable of causing blood-poisoning. 



Flower, with Sepal, s, 
OF Calyx; and Petal, 
p, OF Corolla. 


sep'sis. I. Putrefaction. 2. Infection and poison¬ 
ing by putrefactive matter. S. intestina'lis, poi¬ 
soning by eating putrefactive food. [< cf/xjnc.] 
sep-som'e-ter, se-pom'e-ter. An apparatus for de¬ 
tecting organic matter in the air; septometer. 
sep'ta, gen. septo'rum. The plural of septum. S. 

of Bertin = Bertin’s columns. 
sep-tae'mi a. .= Septicemia. 

sep'tal. Relating to a septum. S. area, the mesal 
surface of each half of the septum lucidum. S. 
artery, the nasopalatine artery. Ascending s. 
arteries, branches of the nasopalatine artery run¬ 
ning upward and forward and giving small twigs 
to the mucous membrane of the nasal septum. 
S. cartilage = SEPTUM cartilagineum*. S. fissure, 
an occasional fissure in the cuneus, posterior to 
the calcarine fissure. S. nerve, i. One of several 
branches of the internal division of Meckel’s gan¬ 
glion, terminating in the back part of the nasal 
septum. 2. The internal branch of the nasal 
nerve, running downward and forward to the 
upper and front part of the nasal septum, 
sep'tan. Recurring every seventh day, including 
the day of occurrence, as S. fever. 
sep'tate uterus. A uterus divided in two parts by 
a septum; uterus bilocularis. 
sep'tem. Seven. [L.] 
sep-te'mi a, -tae'mi a. = Septicemia. 
sep'te-na-ry. Consisting of seven ; seven days, 
sep-ten'tri-o-na'lin. An alkaloid from Aconi'tum 
lycoc'tonum: used in the treatment of hydro¬ 
phobia, tetanus and str)'-chnine poisoning, 
sep-the'mi a, -thae'mi a. = Septicemia. 
sep'tic. Tending to putrefy; causing, or due to, 
putrefaction. S. arthritis, a form of arthritis oc¬ 
curring in the course of pyaemia, and particularly 
in puerperal fever, the inflammation passing 
rapidly on to suppuration wdth more or less de¬ 
struction of the joints. [U O. ’ 06 .] S. endo¬ 
carditis, ulcerative or infective endocarditis, 
Endocarditis. S. endometritis, cr endometri¬ 
tis. S. fever = septicemia. S. infection, in¬ 
fection with septic material. S. intoxication, 
poisoning with septic matter. S. laryngitis = in¬ 
fective LARYNGITIS. S. meningitis, meningitis 
due to septic infection. S. nephritis, nephritis 
caused by septic germs. S. peritonitis, (sr 
PERITONITIS. S. pestilence, the plague. S. phle¬ 
bitis, PHLEBITIS. S. poisoning = SEPTICEMIA. 
S. stomatitis, m- stomatitis. S. tank, a large 
closed chamber for the slow passage of sewage 
where by sedimentation and putrefaction the 
solid portion is largely removed. S. toxaemia, 
sapraemia, or septic intoxication. 
sep-ti-c(h)ae'mia, sep*ti-co-(h) 8 e'mi a. Fever and 
prostration, due to the entrance of micro-organ¬ 
isms or ptomaines into the circulation. ^ Iciio- 
rhemia; Malta fever; pyemia. Bacillar s. of 
chickens, a disease of chickens due to a specific co¬ 
lon bacillus. Cryptogenic or cryptogenetic s., sep¬ 
ticaemia in which the foci of infection may not de¬ 
velop and may not be found even at autopsy. [T 1 O. 
’ 06 .] Gonorrhceal s., general infection due to the 
gonococcus, probably always associated with foci 
of suppuration in the urinary, tract. [1 O. ’ 06 .} 
Goose s., an infectious disease of geese, speedib 
fatal, due to a specific microbe. Hemorrhagic s., 
septicaemia marked by hemorrhage and local 
oedema, intestinal lesions, and infectious pleu • 
ropneumonia; due to the Bacil'lus cuniculic'idus. 
Mouse s., an infectious disease of mice produced 
by the Bacil'lus murisep'ticus. Phlebitic s., py- 


SEPTICIDIN 


879 


aemia. Poststyphoid s., slight fevers with sweats 
occurring after defervescence in protracted cases 
of typhoid fever. [T| O. ’o6.] Progressive s., 
septicaemia due to the appearance of cocci in the 
blood and throughout the tissues. [H O. ’o6.] 
Puerperal s., septicaemia due to puerperal septic 
intoxication. Rabbit s., a peculiar kind of sep¬ 
ticaemia in rabbits produced by Bacil'lus cunicu- 
Uc'idus. Sputum s., septicaemia from inoculation 
with sputum. Vibrio s., septicaemia in chickens 
due to Vih'rio metschnik'ovi. [< arj-TiKoc putre¬ 
fying-fol/za blood.] tsep-ti-cae'mic, as S. menin¬ 
gitis, meningitis due to the transference of in¬ 
fection from a distant part in septicaemia, 
sep-ti-ci'din. A proprietary serum for treating 
chickenscholera and swine=plague. 
sep'ti-cine. A ptomaine of putrid flesh; said to be 
a mixture of amylamine and caproylamine. 
sep-ti-co-gen'ic. A term applied to micro-organ¬ 
isms producing ordinary putrefaction in contra¬ 
distinction to PATHOGENIC micro-organisms. 
sep’ti-co-phle-bi'tis. Phlebitis due to sepsis. 
sep*ti-co-py-ae'mi a. Septicaemia and pyaemia com¬ 
bined. It is primary when the bacteria produc¬ 
ing the primary lesions produce the general 
infection, and secondary when different bacteria 
produce the two conditions. Cryptogenic s., 
spontaneous s. Metastatic s., a form marked 
by septic deposits in the lungs caused by embo¬ 
lism from putrid thrombi. Spontaneous s., a va¬ 
riety developing without obvious cause, or from 
a slight wound of the skin; cryptogenic s. 
tsep'ti-co-py-e'mic. 

sep‘ti-co-zy'moid. A substance supposedly supply¬ 
ing the necessary septic process feeding-ground, 
sep'tile, sep'tal. Of or belonging to a septum, 
sep-ti-mes'tris. A foetus born at the seventh month, 
sep'ti-me-tri'tis. Metritis due to sepsis, 
sep-ti-mip'a-ra, sep-tip'a-ra. ^ Multipara. 
sep'tine. =Sepsine. 

sep-tiv'a-lent. Having a valence of seven. [< L. 

sep'tem se.ven-\-vale're to be able.] 
sep-to-chym'i a. A putrid state of the body fluids. 

sep*to-dex-trau-ric‘u-lo-lev-au-ric'u-lar heart=block. 

Heart-block. 

sep‘to-di-ar-rhoe'a. Septic diarrhoea, 
sep'to-form, sep-to-for'ma. A condensation-prod¬ 
uct of formaldehyde dissolved in an alcoholic 
linseed-oil potassium soap: used as an antiseptic 
in veterinary medicine and as a disinfectant, 
sep-to-mar'gin-al. Of the margin of a septum, 
sep-tom'e-ter. i. An instrument for measuring 
the thickness of the nasal septum. [< Septum 
perpov measure.] 2. =Sepsometer. 
sep-to-na'sal. Pertaining to the nasal septum, 
sep'tone. A supposititious ferment believed to 
cause a contagious disease. [< C'^Treiv to rot.] 
sep-to-pneu'ma. A micro-organism said to have 
been found in the earth and air of cemeteries and 
to cause typhoid symptoms, 
sep'to-py-ae'mi a. = Septicopy.,emia. 
sep-top'y-ra. Malignant typhus, 
sep'tu-la. Plural of sep'iulum, a little septum, S. 
fibro'sa, fibrous septa or trabeculae extending 
into the corpus cavernosus from the deep fascia 
of the penis. S. interalveola'ria, the septa which 
divide the alveoli of the lungs. S. meduriae 
spina'lis, the septa or trabeculae of the connec¬ 
tive tissue of the spinal cord. S. re'num=BER- 
tin’s columns. S. tes'tis*, testicular septules. 
sep'tum, pi. sep'ta. A partition, especially a parti¬ 
tion "between two similar or corresponding 


SEQUARDIN 

cavities, i^vSeptal; septula. S. aor'ticum, the 
anterior segment of the mitral valve. S. atrio'- 
rum*, at'rium, or auricula'rum, the partition 
which separates the right from the left auricle of 
the heart. Bigelow’s s. = calcar femorale. 
S. cartilagin'eum*, the cartilaginous plate form¬ 
ing the forepart of the nasal partition; septal 
cartilage. S. cerebel'li, “ partition of the cere¬ 
bellum,” the falx cerebelli. S. cer'ebri, ‘‘ parti¬ 
tion of the cerebrum,” the falciform process of 
the dura mater. Cloquet’s s. = S. femorale 
[Cloqueti]*. S. cor'dis, “ partition of the heart,” 
the septum or partition between the ventricles of 
the heart. S. crura'le = S. femorale [Clo- 
QUETi]*. Douglas’s s., the embryonic septum 
formed by the union of two projecting folds of 
the mesoderm which transform the rectum into a 
complete canal. S. femora'le [Cloqueti]*, the layer 
of tissue closing the femoral ring; Cloquet’s 
septum; crural septum; S. crurale. S. glandis*. 
septum of glans of penis. S. intermuscula're, in¬ 
termuscular septum; the bluish-white, glistening 
connective-tissue membrane intervening between 
contiguous muscles, usually affording origin to 
some of the muscular fibres. S. lin'guae*, the 
fibrous longitudinal partition dividing the tongue 
more or less completely into lateral halves. S. 
lu'cidum. I. A partition between the two lateral 
ventricles of the brain, consisting of two layers 
enclosing the so-called fifth ventricle. 2. The 
stratum lucidum of the epidermis. S. membrana'- 
ceum*, NASAL SEPTUM. S. membrana'ceum 
au'ris, MEMBRANA TYMPANi*. S. na'rium, the 
partition separating the nose into lateral halves. 
S. na'rium mo'bile, the fleshy lower portion of the 
septum narium. S. na'rium os'seum, the perpen¬ 
dicular plate of the ethmoid and the vomer com^ 
bined. Nasal s., nasal. S. na'si* = nasal 
SEPTUM. S. na'si os'seum*. nasal septum. S. 
orbita'le. i. The partition between the orbits. 
2. The membrane which attaches the tarsal 
plates to the orbit. S. os'seum coch'lea, e^lam- 
in.\ SPIRALIS ossE.\. S. pectinifot'me, “comb¬ 
like partition,” an imperfect tendinous septum 
separating the corpora cavernosa of the penis. 
S. pe'nis*, septum of penis. S. pon'tis, the sep¬ 
tum of the pons varolii. S. posti'cum, an incom¬ 
plete membranous septum, extending from the 
arachnoid to the pia mater, opposite the posterior 
fissure of the spinal cord, and serving to conduct 
blood-vessels to the cord. S. rectovagina'le, the 
wall which separates the rectum from the vagina. 
S. scro'ti*, a partition formed by the dartos, 
dividing the scrotum into two equal cavities and 
separating the testes. S. si'nuum fronta'lium*, 
the septum of frontal sinuses of the frontal bone. 
S. si'nuum sphenoida'lium*, the mesial partition 
between the sphenoidal sinuses. S. thora'cis 
= MEDIASTINUM, def. I. S. transver'sum. i. The 
diaphragm. 2. The tentorium cerebelli. S. tubee 
= cocHLEARiFORM PROCESS. S. ventiiculo'rum*. 
I. The muscular partition which separates the 
right from the left ventricle of the heart; the 
intraventricular septum. 2. = Septum lucidum, 
def. I. [L.] 

sep'tu-plet. One of seven children born at the same 
time from one mother: no undoubted case is on 
record. 

sep'ul-chre. A burial vault; tomb, tse-pul'chral. 

sep'ul-ture, interment; burial. 

Seq. luce. Abbr. for L. sequen'ti lu'ce, the next day. 
s6-quar'din. An opotherapeutic testicular extract. 


SEQUELA 


880 


SEROUS 


sequela (si-cwil'aj, pi. segue'Ice, gen. pi. -a'rutn. A 
consequence or sequel; a morbid affection suc¬ 
ceeding to an acute or .severe disease after the 
latter has abated; complication; relapse. [< 
L. se'qui to follow.] tse-quen'ti al, as 5 . insanity, 
insanity consequent upon some other disease, 
se-ques-tra'tion. i. Seclusion or isolation, as of a 
patient or part. S. anaemia, the production of 
anaemia preparatory to operations; advised not 
only as to limbs but also as to operations on the 
head and trunk, by keeping the blood in the 
lower limbs, [^f An. Surg. Feb. ’07.] S. dermoid 
cyst, a congenital dermoid cyst, separated from 
the rest of the skin. 2. Sequestrum formation, 
se-ques-trec'to-my, -trot'o-my. cr Necrectomy. 
se-ques'trum, -ter. i. Any dead portion of bone in 
a wound, abscess, or ulcer, separated in the proc¬ 
ess of necrosis. 2. A fragment of bone separated 
in a compound comminuted fracture; a splinter. 
S. forceps, a forceps used in removing a seques¬ 
trum. Primary s., a fragment which is entirely 
detached. Secondary s., a splinter which is par¬ 
tially detached and may be pushed into place. 
Tertiary s., a splinter only cracked, and remaining 
in its place, tse-ques'tral. 
sequoiene (si-cwoi'in). A white, crystalline sub¬ 
stance, CjjHjo, distilled from the needles of the 
California redwood, Sequoi'a gigan'tea. 
ser-al-bu'min. = Serum=.\lbumin. 
se-ran-gi'tis. The etymologically correct form for 
CAVERNITIS. [<^aT]pay^ cavern-f -itis. H 
se-raph'thin. A proprietary serum said to be pro¬ 
phylactic and curative in foot*andsmouth disease, 
se'reh disease. A disease of sugar=cane, due to 
Hypocre'a sac'chari. 

se-rem'pi on. An unusually fatal type of measles 
sometimes prevalent in the West Indies, 
se-rene' drop. =Gutta serena. 

Sere'noa serrula'ta. cf-S.abal*. 
se'rial sections. Microscopic sections cut from the 
same piece and mounted consecutively as cut. 
S. symmetry, the symmetry between like parts 
which succeed one another in the direction of the 
long axis of the body; metamerism. 
s 6 rib 61 e (se-ri-bel). A taenifuge. [Fr.] 
ser'i-ceps. A cloth or silkensbag or loop=of=ribbon 
device applied to the fetal head: formerly used 
in traction to deliver the head, 
ser'i-cin. An amorphous powder, C,5H2,,N50y, con¬ 
tained in silk; silk=gelatin; silk=glue. 
ser-i-cis'sion. Cutting tissues with a silk ligature, 
ser'i-cum. Silk, the product of several animals, but 
chiefly of the Bom'byx mo'ri, or silkworm. S. 
olea'tum, oiled silk. [L. fr. ar/pcKog silken.] 
se'ri-flux. A disease characterized by watery dis¬ 
charges, or the discharge itself, 
ser'in. i. A white, crystalline substance, C3H7NO3, 
formed by boiling sericin with dilute sulphuric 
acid; amidoglycerol. 2. =Serum*albumin. fser- 
i-nu'ria. 3. An amino^acid, obtained from pro¬ 
teins by hydrolytic cleavage; asaminos/ 3 *oxypro- 
pionic acid. 

Serja'nia. A genus of sapindaceous shrubs, several 
species of which are active narcotic poisons, 
se'ro-. Relating to serum; serous: a combining form. 
[< L. se'rum.] se-rosal'bu-min = serum*albu¬ 
min. — seTO-al-bu-mi-nu'ri a, the presence of se- 
rum*albumin in the urine.— se'ro-chrome, the 
color pigments (lipochrome, lutein) found in 
normal serum. — seTO-co-li'tis, inflammation 
of the peritoneum of the colon.— se'ro-cyst, a 
serous cyst. fse-ro-cys'tic, as 5 . sarcoma or 


tumor, a proliferating .sarcoma or tumor made up 
of cysts containing serous fluid.— seTO-der-ma- 
to'sis, cutaneous disease with serous effusion into 
the skin.—• seTO-der-mi'tis, dermitis with serous 
infiltration. — seTO-di-ag-no'sis, diagnosis by 
means of observing the agglutination of a bacillus 
culture. er Widal’s reaction. fscTO-di-ag- 
nos-tic'i an. — seTosen-ter-i'tis, inflammation of 
the serous coat of the intestines. — se-ro-fi'bri- 
nous, composed of or producing serum and fibrin, 
as 5 . pericarditis, ^ pericarditis, and 5 . pleurisy, 
OB- PLEURISY.— se-ro-fi'brous, belonging to sur¬ 
faces which are both serous and fibrous, as 5 . 
apposition. — se-ro-flu'id, a fluid containing or 
producing serum.— se-ro-for'ma-lin, a dusting* 
powder prepared from dried coagulated blood* 
serum with formalin: used as an antiseptic.— 
se-ro-ge-lat'i-nous, both serous and gelatinous.— 
se-ro-glob'u-lin = paraglobulin. — seTO-hep-a- 
ti'tis, inflammation of the peritoneum covering 
the liver.— se'roid, resembling a serous mem¬ 
brane.— seTO-lac-tes'cent, resembling both serum 
and milk.— se-ro-lem'ma, the outer layer of the 
amnion, which later forms the false amnion or 
serous membrane.— ser'o-lin, a crystalline com¬ 
pound in the serum of the blood.— se-ro-li'pase, 
lipase contained in blood*serum.— se-rol'o-gy, 
the science of the serum of the blood. fse-roFo- 
gist. se-ro-log'i-cal. — se-ro-mem'bra-nous, se¬ 
rous and membranous. — se-ro-mu'coid, -mu'- 
cous, having the character of both serum and 
mucus.— se-roph'thi-sis, deficiency of serum in 
the blood, as 5 . pernicio'sa endem'ica — ber¬ 
iberi. — seTo-pneu-mo-tho'rax, pneumothorax 
with serous effusion.— se-ro-pu'ru-lent, composed 
of serum and pus.— se'ro?pus, serum and pus 
mixed.— se-ro'sa, a serous membrane.— se-ro-sa- 
mu’cin, a substance found in exudates precipitated 
by acetic acid not coagulated by heat, containing 
14% of nitrogen.— scTO-san-guin'e ous, resem¬ 
bling both serum and blood.— seTO-san-guin'o- 
lent, composed of serum and blood; resembling 
bloody serum.— se-ro-se'rous, relating to two or 
more serous membranes, as 5 . suture, a suture of 
two serous membranes or of parts of one.— ser'o- 
sine, a proprietary antiseptic consisting of 
bromo*anilide.— se-ro-si'tis, inflammation of a 
serous membrane.— se-ros'i-ty. i. The quality 
or condition of being serous. 2. The watery 
ingredient of any animal fluid.— se-ro-sub'li-mate 
gauze, antiseptic gauze impregnated with a solu¬ 
tion of corrosive sublimate and albumin.— scto- 
sy-no'vi al, resembling both serum and synovia. 
— scTO-sy-no-vi'tis, synovitis with serous effusion. 
— se-ro-tax'is, the bringing of the blood to the 
skin by application of a caustic soda solution for 
diagnosis.— se-ro-ther'a-py. i. The whey cure. 
2. Treatment by injections of blood*serum. 
se-rot'i-na. = Decidua serotina. [L.] 
se^rojjs. Of the nature of serum; secreting serum. 
S. apoplexy, a morbid condition, resembling true , 
apoplexy, in which there is an effusion of serum 
about the brain. S. atrophy, atrophy marked by 
the exudation of serum in the place of the atro¬ 
phied fat, giving the part a gelatinous appearance. 
S. bronchorrhcea, a form of chronic bronchitis in 
which the bronchial secretion is liquid and watery 
and in extraordinary amount; bronchorrhcea 
serosa. [^] 0 . ’06.] S. canal, a small canal con¬ 
nected with lymphatic vessels. S. cavity, one of 
the larger lymphatic spaces lined with serous 
membrane. S. cells, albuminous cells. S. cyst. 


SERPEDO 


881 


SERUM 


tx cyst arising in lymphatic spaces. S. diarrhoea, 
a diarrhoea in which the stools are very watery. 
S. effusion, a pouring out of serum. S. exudate, 
an exudate mostly made up of serum. S. fluid, 
the normal lymphatic fluid of the serous cavities. 
S. gland, a gland with a clear serous secretion. 
S. infiltration, an infiltrate of serum. S. inflam¬ 
mation. I. Inflammation of a serous membrane. 
2. Inflammation in which the exudate is of a 
serous nature. S. iritis, iritis. S. laryngitis, 
laryngeal oedema. S. layer, the internal endo¬ 
thelial layer of a serous membrane. S. membrane 
or coat, ^MEMBRANE. S. otitis, otitis with 
abundant serous exudation. S. pleurisy, pleurisy 
marked by free serous exudation. S. sac, the 
closed cavity, as the pleura or peritoneum, formed 
by any serous membrane, 
ser-pe'do. = Psoriasis. 
ser'pens. Creeping. [L.] 
ser'pent nut. = Avila. S. poison = viperine 
ser-pen-ta'ri a*. Virginia snakeroot, or serpentary, 
the dried rhizome and roots of Aristolo'chia ser- 
penta'ria {Virginia s.) or of Aristolo'chia retic¬ 
ula'ta {Texas s ). Serpentaria is a stimulant 
tonic, sometimes acting as a diaphoretic and diu¬ 
retic. Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). c®' Fluidextrac- 

TUM SERPENTARI.E*; TINCTURA CINCHON.E COM- 
POSITA*; TINCTURA SERPENTARIA*. [< L., fr. 
ser'pens serpent: because a reputed antidote.] 
ser'pen-tine. Sinuous or snake=like. 
scr'pes. = Herpes, def. 2. 

ser-pig'i-nous. i. Having serpigo. 2. Creeping 
from one part to another. S. chancre, a variety 
of phagedenic chancre spreading over the surface 
in curved lines. S. ulcer, an ulcer which moves 
from place to place and which while healing at 
one edge develops at anoth^-^. 
ser-pi'go. Tinea; herpes. [< L. ser'pere to creep.] 
ser'po-let oil. A fragrant oil distilled from wild 
thyme, Thy'mus serpyl'lum: used in perfumery, 
ser-pyl'lum. Wild thyme {Thy'mus serpyl'lum). 
Ser'ra sal'via. An herb reputed to have antiperi- 
odic properties; mountain sage, 
ser'ra-go. Saw^dust: sometimes used in preparing 
surgical dressings. [L.] 

ser'rate, ser'rat-ed. Beset with teeth pointing for¬ 
ward like those of a saw; having sharp, straight* 
edged teeth pointing to the apex. S. suture, a 
suture with sawslike edges, as the cranial sutures; 
sutura dentata; sutura serrata*. tser-ra'tion. 
Serrat'ula tincto'ria. The European sawwort, whose 
leaves yield a yellow dye. The root and herb 
were formerly used externally as a vulnerary, 
ser-ra'tus. One of several muscles of the thorax. 
S. magnus or Great s., a broad muscle occupying 
the side of the chest; costoscapularis; magniser- 
ratus; M. serralus anterior*. It arises by nine 
serrations from the outer surface of the eight 
upper ribs, and is inserted into the vertebral 
border of the scapula. It is an important muscle 
of respiration. S. paralysis, palsy of the serratus 
magnus due to lesion of the long thoracic nerve, 
as from direct pressure in carrying loads. O. 
’06.] S. posti'cus infe'rior, a thin, flat muscle 
situated on the lower part of the back beneath 
the latissimus dorsi, arising from the two lower 
dorsal and two upper lumbar vertebrae and in¬ 
serted into the last four or five ribs; infraserratus; 
M. serratus posterior inferior*. S. posti'cus supe¬ 
rior, a thin, flat muscle on the upper part of the 
back beneath the rhomboidei muscles, arising 
from the last cervical and two upper dorsal ver- 
5 t) 


tebras and inserted into the second to fifth ribs; 
supraserratus; M. serratus posterior superior*. 

serrefine (s^r-fin). A small spring forceps, chiefly 
used for compressing bleeding vessels. [F.] 

serrenoeud (ser-nu). i. An instrument used in 
surgery to tighten a ligature, so as to cause it to 
cut through a tissue. 2. An instrument for tying 
a knot in a deep cavity. [F.] 

Serres’s angle (ser2). = Metafacial angle. S.’s 

glands, pearlslike masses of epithelial cells near 
the surface of the gum of the infant, the remains 
of the connection of the dental sac with the su¬ 
perficial epithelium; dental glands, [Antoine 
Serres, 1786-1868.] 

ser'ru-late. Marked with small serrations. [< L. 
serrula'tus, fr. ser'rula a small saw.] 

Sertoli’s cells (ser'to-li2). Cells of the second layer 
of the seminiferous tubules which develop into 
spermatoblasts. S.’s column, an elongated sus- 
tentacular cell in the parietal layer of the semi¬ 
niferous tubules, holding together the spermato- 
genetic cells. 

se'rum, pi. se'ra. The clear liquid which separates 
in the clotting of blood from the clot and the 
corpuscles, or any clear liquid resembling it, as 
whey, Opsonic index. Various forms of 
serum are: Adamkiewicz's (=cancroin). Anti* 
amarillic, Anti*anthrax, Anticancerous, An- 
ticrotalus antivenomous), Antidiphiheritic (= 
S. ANTIDIPHTHERICUM*), AntIDYSENTERIC, AnTI* 
EPiTHELioMATous, Antigonococcus, AntUep- 
rous (=LEPROLiN), Antimeningitic, Antimor¬ 
phine, Antisophidic antivenomous). Anti- 
pest, Antipneumonococcic, An/t5ar£r(?watoM5 (= 
Coley’s fluid), Antiscarlatinal, Antispermo- 
toxic (= antispermotoxin), Antistaphylococ- 
cic or antistaphylococcous, Antistreptococcic or 
antistreptococcous, Antisyphilitic (= serum anti- 
syphiliticum), Antitetanic, Antithyroid, Anti¬ 
toxic, Antituberculous (i^ tuberculin). Anti¬ 
typhoid, Antivenomous, Artificial, Bacteri¬ 
cidal, Bardel’s, Behring's or Behring^Roux's {t^ 
SERUM ANTIDIPHTHERICUM*), Bichloruretted {— 
Chi^ron’s bichloruretted), Blood'-^ blood), 
Calmette's (= antivenomous). Cancer (= anti¬ 
cancerous), Cantani’s, Cerebrospinal, Cha¬ 
ron’s, ChAron’s bichloruretted. Cholera {or 
Kitasato’s, Yersin’s), Clumping, Crocq’s, Cy¬ 
totoxic, Doyen’s, Dunbar's (== pollantin), 
Globulicidal, Haffkine’s prophylactic, Hay- 
em’s, Hoffmann's (= anti*epitheliomatous), 
Huchard’s, Huchard’s concentrated, Inac¬ 
tive, Inorganic, Isotonic, Jequiritol. Kita¬ 
sato’s, Kronecker and Lichtenstein’s, Lat- 
ta’s, Leclerc’s, Leucotoxic, Leyden's (is^von 
Leyden’s), Loffler’s, Luton’s, Maragliano’s, 
Marmorek’s, Mathieu’s, Moser's (= antiscar¬ 
latinal), Muscle*, Myotoxic, Nephrotoxic {— 
nephrotoxin). Neurotoxic (= neurotoxin). 
Normal, Normal antitoxic, Pane’s (=anti- 
pneumonococcic), Paquin’s, Parascandolo’s, 
Physiological, Prophylactic, Richet and 
H^ricourt’s, Roussel’s, Roux’s, Schiess’s, 
ScL.wo’s, Seraphthin, Surgical, Sydmann’s, 
Trunecek’s, Vandervelde’s, von Leyden’s, 
Yersin’s. S.salbumin, albumin occurring in the 
serum of the blood; serin. According to Halli¬ 
burton, there are three varieties depending upon 
the temperatures at which they coagulate, viz., a 
(72°C. or 161.6° F.), (3 (77° C. or 170.6° F.), and 
7 (84° C. or 183.2° F.). S. antidiphther'icum*, 
diphtheria antitoxin, a fluid separated from the 


SERUMURIA 


882 


SETA 


coagulated blood of the horse, E'quus cabal'lus 
Linn6, immunized through the inoculation of 
diphtheric toxin. It should be kept in sealed 
glass containers, in a dark place, at temperatures 
between 4.5® and 15° C. (40° and 59° F.). It is 
a yellowish or yellowishsbrown, transparent or 
slightly turbid liquid, odorless or having a slight 
odor due to the presence of the antiseptic used 
as a preservative. Specific gravity, 1.025 to 1.040 
at 25° C. (77° F.). Antidiphtheric serum gradu¬ 
ally loses its power, the loss in one year varying 
between 10% and 30%, but on this account the 
manufacturers make the dose stronger than the 
label would indicate. Each container should be 
furnished with a label or statement giving the 
strength of the antidiphtheric serum, expressed in 
antitoxic units, the name and percentage by vol¬ 
ume of the antiseptic used for the preservation of 
the liquid (if such be used), the date when the 
antidiphtheric serum was last tested, and the date 
beyond which it will not have the strength indi¬ 
cated on the label or statement. The standard of 
strength, expressed in units of antitoxic power, 
should be that approved or established by the 
United States Public Health and Marine Hospital 
Service. Dose, 3000 units; immunizing dose for 
well persons, 500 units. S. antisyphilit'icum, an 
antisyphilitic serum from animals inoculated with 
human blood of secondary and tertiary syphilis. 
Dose, 2 Cc., every second day by injection. S.s 
casein = serumsglobulin. S.sdiagnosis, ts- bi¬ 
ological BLOOD test; widal’s test. S.sdisease 
or sickness, the urticarial exanthema sometimes 
occurring 8 to 12 days after the administration 
of the serum of another animal, as in the ad¬ 
ministration of the horse’s serum contained in 
antitoxin. It starts at the seat of inoculation and 
spreads over the body, attended with elevation of 
temperature, glandular enlargement and albu¬ 
minuria. S.sfast, a natural or acquired property 
of a bacterium to resist the action upon it of 
serums containing antibodies, specific for its 
species, isr an S.sglobulin, globulin occurring in. 
bloodsserum, connective tissue, and lymph; para- 
globin. It is precipitated by magnesium sulphate, 
whereas serumsalbumin is not. S. of Hoffmann = 
ANTisEPiTHELiOMATOUS s. S. lac'tis, whey. S.s 
lutein, the yellow coloring matter of serum. S.s 
paste, dried and sterilized blood=serum, prepared 
as a paste and used as a dressing for wounds. S.s 
powder, an antiseptic dressingspowder of zinc ox¬ 
ide prepared with serum and dried. S.sreaction 
= AGGLUTINATION. S. sublima'tum, corrosive 
sublimate, i part; serum 50 to 100 parts: used 
to impregnate bandages and as a subcutaneous 
antiseptic. S. therapy. i. The treatment of 
disease with sera from animals or human beings 
which have been rendered immune; orrhotherapy. 
2. ^Whey=cure. S. of Tizzoni and Cattani, the 
powdered residue of the serum of an immunized 
horse, each gramme of which is equal to 10 Cc. of 
the serum; obtained by evaporating the serum 
in a vacuum. S. toxin, a serum obtained by 
growing a bacillus in a mixture of broth and 
serum, using thus both the toxin and albumi- 
nOSe. S.sUnit = ANTITOXIC IMMUNITY UNIT. [L.] 
tse'rum-al, as S. calculus, tartar on the teeth 
formed by serum from diseased gums. 

se-rum-u'ri a. = Albuminuria. [< L. se¬ 

rum -f ovpov urine.] 

Serv. Abbr. for L. ser'va keep, preserve. 

serviette (ser-vi-^t). A napkin or towel. [F.] 


sesame (s^s'a-mi) =Sesamum. S. oil = oleum 
SESAM i, in which is contained ses'a-min, a crystal¬ 
line body, CjjHjgOg. 

ses'a-moid, ses-a-moi'dal. Resembling a grain of 
sesamum. S. bones, ossicles developed in tendons; 
ossa sesamoidea*. S. cartilages of the larynx, small 
nodules of cartilage {cartilagines sesamoideae*) at 
the anterior ends of the true vocal cords {anterior 
s. cartilages) and at the outer side of the union of 
the arytenoid cartilages with the cornicula laryn- 
gis {posterior s. cartilages) . S. cartilages of the nose, 
small cartilages in the side of the alae of the nose; 
cartilagines sesamoideae nasi*'. Plantar s. plate, a 
ligament helping to deepen the shallow facet of a 
phalanx for the head of the metatarsal bone. It 
corresponds to the glenoid ligament of the fingers 
and prevents dorsal dislocation of the phalanx. 
[<L. sesamoi'des, fr. arjaapov seed of the sesamum 
+ eldog form.] fses’a-moi-di'tis, inflammation of 
the sesamoid bones and the surrounding structures 
of a horse’s foot. 

Ses'amum. Sesame, a genus of pedaliaceous plants, 
of which 5 . orienta'le 
and S. in'dicum furnish 
sesame oil. Oleum 
SESAMI. From the seeds 
a mucilage is obtained 
which is used as a 
demulcent in dysentery. 

[L., fr. aijaafiov.'] 
ses'qui-. Signifying “one and a half,” as in sesqui- 
granum, a “grain and a half ”: a combining form. 
It is used in chemistry to indicate that one and a 
half equivalents of one ingredient are combined 
with one equivalent of another. i^Sesquiox- 
IDE. [< L. semis'que, fr. se'mis \\di[i+que also : 
because a half is added to the whole.] ses-qui- 
ba'sic, formed by the substitution of two atoms 
of a base or radical for three of hydrogen of an 
acid.— ses-qui-car'bo-nate, a carbonate in which 
the carbonic acid radical is united to a base in 
the proportion of three to two.— ses-qui-chlo'- 
ride, a chloride in which the chlorine is united to 
a base in the proportion of three to two.— ses- 
qui-ho'ra, an hour and a half; abbr. Ses'quih.— 
ses-qui-ox'ide, a compound of one and a half pro¬ 
portions of oxygen with one proportion of some 
other body, or, which is the same, of three equiv¬ 
alents of oxygen and two equiva¬ 
lents of another body.— ses'quis 
salt, salt containing one and a half 
times as much of a base as a pro¬ 
tosalt.— ses-qui-sul'phate, three 
parts of sulphuric acid combined 
with two of another element to 
form a sulphate.— ses-qui-sul'- 
phide, three parts of sulphur com¬ 
bined with two of another element 
to form a sulphide, 
ses'sile. Nonspedunculated; having 
a broad base. S. hydatid = h yda- 
TID OF MORGAGNI, def. 2. 
ses-un'ci a. An ounce and a half; 

abbr. Sesunc. [L.] 
set. I. In surgery to fix in its 
proper place, as a fractured limb. 

2. A series, collection, or assortment, as a set of 
teeth or a set of instruments, 
se'ta, pi. se'tce. A bristle. [L.] fse-ta'ci ous, like 
bristles; slender and rigid. se-ta'ceum = sETON, 
def. 2. se-tif'e-rous or se-tig'e-rous, bristle* 
bearing. 



Sesamu.m. 



Sessile 

Leaves. 





<1 


SETARIA 883 

Seta'ria. A genus of grasses. From the species 5 . 
iial’ica (millet) se-ta'rin, a toxic glucoside, was 
isolated by E. F., Ladd, in 1899. 
se'ton. I. A small canal, or artificial passage, 
made under the skin by means of an instrument 
called a S.sneedle, carrying with it a number of 
threads of linen, silk, or other material, which 
are daily moved forwarder backward, in order to 
keep up a constant irritation and discharge; 
setaceum. 2. The thread or threads so used. 

[< L. se'ta bristle or coarse hair.] 
se'tose. Covered with bristles or stiff hairs; bristly. 

[< L. seto'sus, fr. se'ta bristle.] 

Setschenow’s centres (setsh'e-nofs). Reflex in¬ 
hibitory centres situated in the medulla ob¬ 
longata and the spinal cord, 
set'ter-wort. Helleb'orus jcet'idus. 
sev-a-dil'la. =Sabadilla. 

sev'en barks. The root=bark of the common hy¬ 
drangea, Hydran'gea arbores'cens. 
sev'ensday disease. = Tetanus neonatorum. S.sd. 
fever, septan fever, as relapsing fever or typhoid. 
S.sglass test, a variety of irrigation test in which 
the anterior urethra, compressed at the suspen¬ 
sory ligament, is washed out and the water caught 
in a glass. When it is clear it is caught in a 
second glass; the irrigating tube is then pushed 
back into the bulbous urethra which is washed 
clear in the same manner (glasses 3 and 4). The 
urine is then voided into three more glasses, 
the fifth containing material from the posterior 
urethra; the sixth, bladder urine free from urethral 
contamination; and the last, matter squeezed out 
of the prostatic ducts. Other varieties of the test 
are known as three^glass test, fives glass test, etc. 
sev'en-teensday fever. Fever with relapses every 
seventeen days. 

sev'enth pair. The facial nerves or parseptimum; 
these together with the auditory nerves were 
formerly regarded as a single pair of cranial 
nerves divided into two parts, the portio dura 
(“hard portion”) being distributed to the face, 
and hence termed the facial nerve, and the portio 
mollis (“ soft portion”), called the auditory nerve, 
sending its filaments to the ear. Cranial 
NERVES. S. sense, the instinctive sensations aris¬ 
ing from the ganglionic department of the ner¬ 
vous system; visceral sense, 
sev'e-tol. Emulsum sevi compositus; a proprietary 
remedy of mixed fats (33% of butter fat, beet 
fat, olive oil, lard, and peanut oil), with proteids 
and carbohydrates, 
se-vip'a-rous. =Sebiparous. 

sev-rage. The weaning of children from the breast. 

[F. fr. sevrer to wean.] 

se'vum ce'ti. “ Fat of the whale,” spermaceti, ob¬ 
tained from Physe'ter macroceph'alus. S. ovil'lum, 
mutton suet. S. praeparatum*, “ prepared suet,” 
the internal fat of the abdomen of the sheep, 
O'vis a'ries, purified by melting and straining; 
tallow; fat; sebum; sevum of the 1890 U.S. P. 

It should not be employed when rancid. [L.] 
sew'age. Any substance that contains any of the 
waste products or excrementitious or other dis¬ 
charges from the bodies of human beings or 
animals: the word is universally given by the 
authorities as synonymous with sew'er-age, a sys¬ 
tem of sewers or of sewer construction, but in 
practice the terms are always distinguished as de¬ 
fined above, cs- Drainage, fsew'er gas or air, 
the combination of noxious gases found in sewers: 
often considered to be poisonous and sometimes 


SHADOWGRAPH 

causing S.sg. pneumonia or S.sg. throat (tonsillitis) 
sew'ing cramp or spasm. Seamstresses’ cramp 
sex. The distinctive character of male and female: 
differences which in all organized beings exist be¬ 
tween the male and the female. The process of sex= 
determination is fundamentally automatic, being 
controlled by factors internal to the germscells 
and not arising primarily as a response of the 
developing germ to corresponding external con¬ 
ditions. (Wilson.) ^Hermaphrodite. [<L. 
sex'us, perhaps from seca're to cut, divide, or sep¬ 
arate.] fsex-oFo-gy, the science which treats of 
the sexes and their relations, sex'u al, S. act, co¬ 
itus: S. bondage, an abnormal dependence of a 
person upon another of the opposite sex, which is 
not perverse in its nature: S. cords, cylindrical 
epithelial masses formed by grouping of the early 
mesothelial masses of the embryonic male sexual 
gland, and containing the large primordial sexual 
cells: 5 . disease, any disease of the genital organs: 
S. functions, the functions of generation: 5 . gland, 
an ovary or a testicle: 5 . hypercusthesia, abnor¬ 
mally increased sexual desire: S. intercourse = 
coitus: 5 . instinct, the instinct which prompts to 
procreation: S. inversion, sexual perversion in 
which the patient is gratified sexually by another 
person of the same sex: 5 . involution, the period 
of cessation of menstruation: 5 . metamorphosis, 
sexual perversion in which the patient has the feel¬ 
ings of the opposite sex and sometimes assumes 
its dress and habits: 5 . neurasthenia, neurasthenia 
attended with irritable weakness of the sexual 
organs and characterized by nocturnal emissions, 
depression after intercourse, dread of impotence, 
and many nervous manifestations O. ’06.]: 
5 . organs, the genital organs: S. perversion, a 
condition in which the patient experiences sex¬ 
ual gratification from acts which normally are 
indifferent or repulsive: 5 . power, the ability 
to perform coitus: 5 . reflex, the reflex action 
produced by stimulation of the genital organs, 
resulting in erection and ejaculation in the male 
and the orgasm in both sexes: 5 . selection, the 
choice resulting from the preferences of the one 
sex for specially endowed members of the other: 
and S. shock, a shock caused by rape or by 
normal coitus, fsex-u-al'i-ty. 
sex-. Denoting six: a combining form. [< h. sex 
six.] sex-dig'i-tate, having six fingers on a hand 
or six toes on a foot.— sex-iv'a-lent, able to dis¬ 
place or combine with six atoms of hydrogen.— 
sex'tan, recurring every sixth day, reckoning the 
day of occurrence as one (that is, on the sixth, 
eleventh, sixteenth, etc., days), as S. fever .— 
sex-ti-grav'i-da, a female pregnant for the sixth 
time.— sex-tip'a-ra, a woman who has given birth 
to six’ children, Multipara. — sex-tu'plet, one 

of six children bom at one time from the same 
mother.— sex'va-lent = sexivalent. 
sex'to-nol. A proprietary mixture of glycerophos¬ 
phates. 

shab'by pulse. A pulse showing a combination of 
weak heart and relaxed arteries, 
shad'dock. A large fruit, resembling the orange, 
obtained from Cit'rus decuma'na, growing in the 
East and West Indies. It has a slightly bitterish 
or astringent taste. 

shad'ow corpuscle. A red blood*corpuscle, faded or 
colorless; Ponfick’s corpuscles. S.stest, retinos- 
copy; SKIASCOPY, def. i. ^Rontgenoscopy. 
shad'ow-graph,-gram. = Rontqjbnqgram. tshad'- 
ow-graph-y. 


SHOEMAKER’S CRAMP 


884 


SHAFT OF BONE 
shaftofbone. =Diaphysis*. S. of hair== scapus 

PILI*. 

shag'gy chorion, c®- Chorion. S. hair = villus*. 
S. pericardium, a pericardium covered with loose, 
shaggy layers of fibrin, due to fibrinous pericar¬ 
ditis. S. tongue, a tongue with elongated papil¬ 
lae, giving it a shaggy appearance, 
shake culture. [T[ M. and H. ’o6.] 
shakes. Intermittent fever; ague; also delirium 
tremens. Smelterss. = brass=founders’ ague. 
sha'king cure. Treatment of disease by vibratory 
or shaking movements; seismotherapy. S. palsy 
(paralysis) == PARALYSIS agitans. 
shale oil. =Benzinum*. 
sham Abraham. To feign sickness, 
sham-poo'ing. i. The employment of friction, 
kneading, and extension of the muscles, tendons, 
and ligaments; massage. 2. The thorough wash¬ 
ing of the hair and scalp. Dry s., cleansing the 
scalp with certain fat*solvents, as carbon tetra¬ 
chloride: not free from danger, 
sham'rock. A popular name of Trifo'lium re'pens 
(white clover), or, according to others, of Ox'alis 
aceiosel'la (wood sorrel), 
shank. The leg; the tibia, 
sharesbone. The os pubis. 

shark-oil. Oil from shark’s liver: substituted for 
codsliver oil. 

sharp spoon. A spoon with a sharp edge, for scoop¬ 
ing out granulations, etc. S.=pointed probe, a 
probe with a sharp point, for introduction into a 
wound or sinus. S. pulse, a pulse which strikes 
the finger suddenly. 

Shar'pey’s fibre. = Perforating fibre. [William 
Sharpey, a Scotch physician, 1802-1880.] 
sha'vensbeard appearance. The appearance pre¬ 
sented by intestinal glands in typhoid fever when 
dark colored with fine white stfiations. 
shear'ing. i. =Headsmould shot. 2. Wearing 
off of the incisor portion of the lower jaw by con¬ 
tact with the upper in those without teeth, 
sheath. A tubular body enclosing or surrounding 
some other; vagina*. t 5 -Membrane, tunica. 
Specially named varieties are Adventitial, Ar- 
achnoidean. Capillary, Dentinal, Dural, 
Femoral, Henle’s, Lamellar (= perineurium), 
Mauthner’s, Medullary or myelin, Neumann's 
(= dentinal), Perivascular, Pial, Primitive, 
Roots. Schwalbe’s, Schwann’s (=neurilemma). 
Synovial, Tangential. Ss. of the optic nerve, 
the envelopes formed by the continuation of the 
membranes of the brain which surround the optic 
nerve; vaginae nervi optici*. S. of the rectus, the 
sheath formed by the splitting of the aponeurotic 
tendon of the internal oblique and enclosing the 
rectus muscle between its layers; vagina musculi 
recti abdominis*. 

sheath'ing canal. The canal in the embryo be¬ 
tween the cavity of the tunica vaginalis of the 
testicle and the peritoneal cavity, 
shed'ding teeth. The teeth of the first dentition; 
the temporary teeth. 

sheep. A ruminant mammal, O'vis a'ries. S.sbot, 
the botfly, CE'strus o'vis, or its larva. The larvae 
are deposited in the nasal passages of sheep, and 
feed on the nasal mucous membrane, often caus¬ 
ing great damage. S.=COUgh, kS-STRONGYLUS FI- 
LARIA. S.sitch = SCABIES PECORINA. S.spOX, a 
contagious disease of sheep, resembling small¬ 
pox. Varicella. S.5staggers = water=brain. 
tsheep’s'swool, asS.’s^w. /a/= lanolin and S.’s=‘ 
w. sponge, the finest variety of sponge, obtained 


from the Bahamas and from the Florida keys, 
sheet bath. A bath in which the body is wrapped 
in sheets or cloths. S. lint, lint made in sheets 
by machinery. 

Sheldon’s method of haemostasis in disarticulation of 
the hipsjoint. The head of the femur is disartic¬ 
ulated, the artery forceps introduced into the 
femoral wound, and the femoral vessels clamped, 
shel-lac', shelDlac. Lac, def. 2. 

Shep'herd’s fracture. Fracture of the astragalus, 
with detachment of the outer projecting edge. 
S.’s purse, i. The genus 2. The plant 

Capsel'la hur'sa^pas'ioris. 

Sher'ring-ton’s law. The overlapping of the dis¬ 
tribution of the peripheral branches of the nerve* 
roots of the spine, thus supplying the branches 
of three roots to any given region of skin, 
sher'ry. A white or brown Spanish wine. [L. 

vi'num Xer'icum, fr. Xeres, a town of Spain.] 
shield. Anything which protects or covers, as a 
metal or rubber tube, particularly a tube of metal 
covering the core which is placed within the pri¬ 
mary coil of a faradic battery and serves to di¬ 
minish the strength of the induced current. Spe¬ 
cially named forms of shield are: Antithermic, 
embryonal, nipple*, phallic, sims’s, and vacci¬ 
nation. S. bone, the scapula. S. fern, Aspid'- 
ium. [< A. S.] fshield'slike, as 5 . cartilage, 
the cartilago scutiformis, or cartilago thyroides. 
shield'sshaped. 

Shiga’s bacillus (shi'gaz). = Bacillus shig.e. 
shi-ki-me'ne. A poisonous body found in the leaves 
of Illi'cium religio'sum. 

shima=mushi (shi-ma-mush'i). A febrile constitu¬ 
tional disease in Japan; Japan river fever: be¬ 
lieved to be due to the bite of an insect, 
shi-mo'se. A high explosive. [Jap.] 
shin. The crest, or prominent anterior edge, of 
the tibia; the bone itself. S.=bone, the tibia*. 
shin'gles. = Herpes zoster. 

ship fever. Typhus fever occurring in overcrowded 
steerages of ships. 

shirt'ed cannula, Rectal chemise. 
shirt'sstud abscess. An abscess with a superficial 
cavity which is connected by a sinus with a 
deeper one; dumb*bell or hour*glass abscess, 
shiv'er. A trembling or shaking of the body due to 
cold, etc.; rigor. [< M. E.] fshiv'ering, as 5 . fit 

= RIGOR, def. I. 

shock. I. A condition of sudden depression of the 
whole of the functions of the body, due to power¬ 
ful impressions upon the system by sudden phys¬ 
ical injury {Surgical s.) or mental emotion {Men¬ 
tal s.). Some varieties of shock are: Apoplectic, 
Cardiac (= heart*), Deferred, Epigastric, 
Erethismic, Fetal, Heart*, Railway, Second¬ 
ary, Sense, Sexual, Testicular, and Trau¬ 
matic. 2. A sudden discharge of electricity, pro¬ 
ducing a depressing or exciting effect on the 
system, as a Faradic s. and Static s. [< F. shoe.} 
shod'dy fever. A disease characterized by headache, 
dyspnoea, and cough, caused by the inhalation of 
dust of shoddy*factories. 

shoe=andsstock'ing position. A position in which 
one limb is crossed upon the other, with the ex¬ 
ternal malleus of one on the patella of the other. 
Inability to assume this position may be an indi¬ 
cation of hip*joint disease, 
shoe'sboil. Swelling of the joint of a horse’s elbow, 
due to pressure of the heel; capped elbow, 
shoe'ma-ker’s cramp or spasm. Spasm of muscles 
of the forearm and hand occurring in shoemakers 


SHOE*SALESMEN’S DISEASE 


886 


SICK 


shoe'ssales-men’s disease. Paralysis of the anterior 
tibial muscles, with degenerative changes in them 
or in their nerves, due to the squatting posture, 
shoot^ing pain. = Fulgurant pain. 
shore oil. The best quality of codsliver oil, pre¬ 
pared by recognized methods on land, 
short bone. Any one of the bones of the carpus and 
tarsus; os brevis*. S. buchu,the leaves of Baros'- 
tna betuli'na. c»"Buchu*. S. circuit, is" circuit. 
S. commissure = coMMissuRA brevis. S. fever, 
relapsing fever. S. limb = S. process, def, i. S. 
neuron, a local process which reaches only from 
a brains or nervescell to a gray mass near by. S. 
process, i. A conical projection from the incus 
attached to the wall of the tympanum; crus 
breve*. 2. A short projection from the foot of 
the manubrium of the malleus, lying in contact 
with the tympanic membrane. S. pulse, a pulse 
having a short systolic wave. S. ribs, the floating 
ribs. S.ssight or sightedness = myopia. S.swind- 
edness = DYSPNCEA. 

shot'scom-pres-sor. Forceps to compress split shot 
on to sutures. S.ssilk phenomena, reflex, or ret¬ 
ina = watered silk reflex. 
shot'gun prescription. A prescription containing a 
number of medicines, given in the hope that one 
may be effective. S. quarantine, forcible preven¬ 
tion by a mob of intercourse with infected 
districts where no regular quarantine exists, 
shot'ted suture. A suture whose ends are fastened 
by passing through a perforated shot, which is 
then pressed together. 

shouFder. The scapulohumeral articulation and 
the parts surrounding it. S.=blade = scapula*. 
S.sgirdle = pectoral arch. S.sjoint, a balband* 
socket joint, in which the rounded head of the 
humerus is received into the glenoid cavity; 
articulatio humeri*. Noisy s., the harsh sound, 
as of the muscles grating over the scapula heard 
on moving the shoulder up and down: due to a 
snapping tendon or bursa. S.=presentation, pres¬ 
entation of the shoulder of the foetus in labor. 
Slipped or splayed s., sprained or dislocated 
shoulder. S.swrench, dislocation, sprain, or 
wrench of the shoulder. 

show. I. Popularly, the redscolored mucus dis¬ 
charged from the vagina shortly before childbirth; 
labor=show. 2. The menses, 
show'ersbath. A mode of bathing which consists 
in allowing a column or spray of water to fall 
with more or less violence upon the surface of 
the body. 

Shrapnell’s membrane (shrap'n^lz). i^Membrana 

TYMPANl*. 

shroud. The dress or windingssheet of the dead, 
shrunk'en cataract. A variety of lenticular cata¬ 
ract in which the lens becomes contracted, 
shucks. A remedy for chronic malaria, consisting 
of a strong tea made from corn=husks: used in 
the southern United States. G. ’07.] 
shunt. A switch or side=track; a branch circuit. 
ShurlysGibbes method or treatment (shur-li-gtbz'). 
Treatment of tuberculosis by hypodermic injec¬ 
tions of glycerin solutions of iodine or gold, 
shut'tle bone. The scaphoid bone. S. pulse, a 
pulse which feels as if something solid passed 
under the finger with the pulse*wave; Corrigan’s 
pulse; water*hammer pulse. 

Si. The chemical symbol for silicon, 
si non val. Abbr. for L. si non va'lent, if it does not 
answer. 

■i op. sit. Abbr. for L. si o'pus sit, if necessary. 


si vir. perm. Abbr. for 5 f vi'res permit'tant, if the 
strength will permit. [L.] 
si'a-gon-ag'ra. Rheumatic pain in the lower jaw. 
si*a-gon-an-tri'tis or si-a-gan-tri'tis. Inflammation 
of the antrum of Highmore, 
si'al-, si'a-lo-. Relating or pertaining to the saliva ; 
PTYALO-: a combining foim. [Kolakov saliva.] 
si-al'a-den, a salivary gland. — si’al-ad-e-ni'tis, 
inflammation of a salivary gland. — si*al-ad-e- 
non'cus, a tumor of a salivary gland. — si-al'a- 
gogue, si-al'o-gogue. i. Increasing the flow of 
the saliva. 2. An agent having that effect. The 
principal sialagogues are jaborandi, pilocarpine, 
potassium iodide, and mercury in large doses. 
a- Ptyalism ; salivation, fsi'al-a-gog'ic or si’al- 
o-gog'ic. I. Increasing the flow of saliva. 2. A 
sialagogue.— si‘al-a-poTi a, insufficient saliva. — 
si-al-em'e-sis, the hysterical vomiting of saliva. 

— si'a-lin = ptyalin. tsi-a'lic, si'a-line.— si-a- 
lis'mus, salivation. — si'a-lo-ci-net'ic = siala¬ 
gogue. — sra-lo-do-chi'tis, -duc-ti-li'tis, -duc-ti'- 
tis, inflammation of the salivary ducts. — si-a-log'- 
e-nous, producing saliva. — si-aFo-gogue = sial¬ 
agogue. tsi*al-o-gog'ic.— si'a-loid, resembling 
saliva. — si-a-lol'i-thus, si'a-lo-lith, salivary calcu¬ 
lus. tsi'a-lo-li-thi'a-sis, the formation of salivary 
calculus. — si'a-lon, saliva ; spittle. — si-a-lon'cus 
= RANULA. — si’a-lor-rhoe'a = salivation. — si- 
a-los'che-sis, suppression of the salivary secretion. 

— si*a-lo-se-mi-ol'o-gy, the chemical pathology 
of the saliva and pharyngeal secretions. — si’a-lo- 
ste-no'sis, narrowing of the salivary duct. — si'a- 
lo-syr'inx. i. A salivary fistula. 2. A syringe 
for rinsing out, or a drainage tube for, the salivary 
ducts. — si'a-lo-ze'mi a, involuntary, and often 
excessive, flow of saliva. 

Si-am' fever. Yellow fever. 

sibbens (sib'enz). A Scotch term for a disease re¬ 
sembling syphilis, framboesia, or radesyge; si wens. 
Si-ber'i an plague. Anthrax of horses and cattle, 
sib'i-lant. Making a hissing sound, or whistling. 

S. rale = RALE sibilant. 
sib'i-lus. = Rale sibilant. [L.] 

Sib'son’s aortic vestibule. A chamber below the 
aortic orifice in the left ventricle in which the 
semilunar valves are received during diastole. 
[U G. ’07 .] S.’s groove, the furrow caused by prom¬ 
inence of the lower border of the pectoralis major 
muscle. S.’s notch, an inward curvature of the 
superior left border of dulness in the pericardial 
region, when there is acute pericardial effusion. 
[American physician, 1814-1876.] 
sic'cant, sic'ca-tive. Having power to dry ; drying, 
sic-cha'si a. Nausea, particularly of pregnancy, 
sic'co. Dried haematogen in form of a crystalline, 
red powder. It contains about 90% of chemically 
pure haemoglobin, and is soluble in cold water, 
sic'col. Preparations of ilbtasting fluids, as cre¬ 
osote, castor oil, etc., in dried form, 
sic'cose. Dried meat juice in the form of a taste¬ 
less, reddishsbrown powder, soluble in water; 
used as an appetizer and like extract of beef, 
sick. I. Not in good health; ill. 2. Sick at the 
stomach; affected with nausea. 3. Menstruat¬ 
ing. 4. Parturient. S.sflag, a yellow flag displayed 
on quarantine stations and houses in which there 
is a contagious disease, to warn the public of the 
presence of the disease. S. headache, headache 
in which nausea is a prominent symptom; mi¬ 
graine; hemicrania. S.snurse,one who has charge 
of sick persons. S.sroom, the room occupied by 
the sick. S.stime, the menstrual period. 


SICKINGIA 


886 


SIGMOID 


Sickin'gia. A genus of plants of the order of 
Ruhia'cecc. From 5 . ru'bra, casca de arariba, is 
obtained arariba bark, used in intermittent fever, 
the alkaloid ar'i-bin, and a red coloring matter; 
from 5 . viridifio'ra, casca de arariba branca, a 
bark used in malaria. [< Count v. Sickingen.'\ 
sick'ness. In a general sense, any kind of disease 
or malady involving the whole body, but more 
particularly a nauseated state of the stomach, 
with or without retching and vomiting. Various 
forms of sickness are: African (= trypanosomia¬ 
sis), African horses (= cedemamycosis). Car*, 
Ceylon ( = beriberi). Country ( = nostalgia). 
Creeping, Falling ( = epIlepsy), Green ( — 
chlorosis). Jumping, Leaguer ( = typhus). 
Milk*, Monthly, Morning, Mountain, Rail¬ 
way, Salt*, Sea*, Spotted (= pinta), 
(=trypanosomiasis), and Swaging (c^-anglicus). 
sic-o-pi'rin, sic-o-py'rin. A glucoside, CjgHjgOg, 
found in the root*bark of Bowdich'ia virgiloi'des. 
Si'da. A genus of malvaceous plants having demul¬ 
cent and diuretic properties. 5 . asiat'ica is used 
in India in the treatment of sores; S. panicula'ta, 
of Peru, has vermifuge properties, thought to be 
due to minute, resisting bristles covering its 
leaves; S. rhombifo'lia (Queensland hemp), is 
mucilaginous and is used in Australia in pulmo¬ 
nary complaints, for snake*bites, and for poul¬ 
tices; S. rhomboi'deais used in India in dysentery, 
side. The lateral half of the body or any two*sided 
organ. S. bone. i. The ilium. 2. An enlarge¬ 
ment resulting from the conversion into bone of 
the elastic lateral cartilage in a house’s foot. 
S.schain theory = Ehrlich’s lateral*chain 
THEORY. S. posture = Sims’s position. S. presen¬ 
tation, presentation of the side of the fetal trunk, 
sid-e-ra'tion. A sudden attack supposed to be the 
result of sidereal influence, as apoplexy or facial 
erysipelas, tsid'e-rant, sid-e-ran'te. 
sid'e-rism, sid-er-is'mus. A form of metallother- 
APY in which the curative influence is exerted by 
the magnet. 1®- Perkinism. {< cidrjpoq iron.] 
sid'e-ro-. Relating or pertaining to iron: a com¬ 
bining form. [< (T/dz/pof iron.] sid'e-ro-drom-o- 
pho'bi a, dread of railway travel, often a symptom 
of neurasthenia.— sid'e-ro-phile. i. Having a 
tendency to absorb iron: said of cells, as red 
blood*corpuscles. 2. A structure or tissue which is 
siderophilous.— sid-e-roph'i-lous = siderophile, 
def. I. — sid'e-ro-phone, an electric device of 
Martin Jannson (1902) for detecting small splinters 
of iron: designed as an improvement upon Asmus’ 
sideroscope.— sid'e-ros, iron, fsid'e-rous. — sid'- 
e-ro-scope, an instrument (as a magnet) for deter¬ 
mining the presence of iron in a part, fsid-er-os'- 
co-py. — sid-e-ro'sis. i. A form of pneumonia 

caused by lodging of metallic particles, especially 
iron, in the lungs. 2. An excess of iron in the 
system. Pigmentation due to an iron compound 
derived from the blood is known as Hcematogenous 
s.; due to iron oxide derived from a foreign body, 
as Xenogenous s. S. bul'bi, iron pigment deposit 
within the eye. 

si'do-nal. The normal salt of quinic acid and piper¬ 
azine; a solvent of gouty concretions. Dose, i 
to 1.3 Gm. (5 to 20 grs.). 

Siebold and Bradbury’s test (si'bold and brad'b^r- 
tz). A test for salicylic acid in the urine, made 
by alkalinizing with potassium carbonate, adding 
an excess of solution of lead nitrate, filtering, and 
adding a dilute solution of ferric chloride, when a 
violet color is formed. S.’s operation, pubiotomy. 


Siegle’s otoscope (si'glz). A speculum so arranged 
as to compress or exhaust the air in the auditory 
canal and at the same time give a view of the 
tympanic membrane. 

Siemens and Halske cell (zi'm^nz and hal'sc?). A gal¬ 
vanic battery*cell in which the collecting plate is 
copper and the fluids are a solution of copper sul¬ 
phide and water, separated by a porous dia¬ 
phragm packed with papier*mache. 

Siemerling’s nucleus (zi'm^r-k'ngz). A nucleus, be¬ 
longing to the group of anterior oculomotor nuclei, 
lying in the gray matter below the sylvian aque¬ 
duct. 

Si er'ra (Ser'ra) sal'via. = Artemisia frigida. 

Sieur’s sign (si-^rz). The metallic sound occasion¬ 
ally heard, in cases of pleural effusion, upon per¬ 
cussion of the chest in front with two coins and 
auscultation behind; “ signe du sou.” 

sieve (sfv). A vessel with a woven hair or wire 
bottom to separate the fine from the coarse. S.slike 
spot == MACULA cribrosa. S.splate, a cribriform 
plate of the ethmoid bone. 

Siewer’s test (zi'verz). A test for the activity of 
the stomach, made by giving 2 Gm. (30 grs.) of 
salol with the meal, when in an hour’s time if 
there be no motor inactivity salicyluric acid will 
be found in the urine; Ewald’s test. 

Sig. Abbr. for L. sig'na, mark thou, write, or for 
signe'tur, let it be labelled. 

Sigault’s (sigaultian) operation or section (si-goz, si- 
go'tian). = Symphyseotomy. []. K. Sigault, a. 
French obstetrician.] 

sigh. To inhale and respire with long, deep, and 
audible breathing. [ A. S. sican.] Jsigh'ing, as 
5 . respiration, deep respiration with sighing: seen 
in dyspepsia and congestion of the lungs. 

sight. =VisiON. ^ Day*sight; far*sight; LONG* 
sight; near*sight; night*sight; old*sight; 
and short*sight. Point of s., the point from 
which an object is viewed. 

sig'ma angle. The angle between the radius fixus 
and a line from the hormion to the staphylion. 

sig'ma-tism. Incorrect, or difficult, or too frequent, 
pronunciation of the 5 sound, ts- Parasigma- 

TISM. 

sig'moid. i. Curved like the letter S; resembling 
the Greek letter 2 (sigma). S. catheter, a female 
catheter shaped like the letter S. 2. Relating to 
the sigmoid flexure. S. arteries, branches of the 
inferior mesenteric artery running downward to 
the left over the psoas muscle and entering the 
sigmoid mesocolon, where it separates into two 
branches; arteriae sigmoideae*. S. cartilages, two 
fibro*cartilages between the condyles of the 
femur and the articular surfaces of the tibia; the 
semilunar cartilages. Greater s. cavity, the cav¬ 
ity between the olecranon and the coronoid proc¬ 
ess of the ulna, conforming to the trochlea of 
the humerus, with which it articulates; incisura 
semilunaris^. Lesser s. cavity, the small depres¬ 
sion at the upper end of the ulna, on the outer 
side of the coronoid process, for articulation with 
the border of the head of the radius; incisura 
radialis*. S. colon = S. flexure. S. convolution, 
aU*shaped convolution surrounding the cruciate 
fissure of carnivorous animals. S. flexure, i. 
That portion pf the large intestine which is 
between the descending colon and the rectum; 
colon sigmoideum*. 2. The S*shaped curve of the 
spinal column. S. folds, folds made by the cir¬ 
cular muscle*fibres and mucous membrane be¬ 
tween the sacculi of the colon. S. fossa = fossa 


SIGMOIDITIS 


887 


SIGN 


siGMOiDEA. S. kidney, a deformed kidney re¬ 
sembling the horseshoe variety, but more nearly 
fused. S. mesocolon, a fold of peritoneum bind¬ 
ing down the sigmoid flexure to the left iliac 
fossa. S. notch, the semicircular interval at the 
top of the perpendicular portion of the inferior 
maxilla, between the coronoid and condyloid 
processes. S. sinus, the Ssshaped portion of the 
jugular sinus, lying on the mastoid portion of the 
temporal and the jugular portion of the occipital 
bone. S. valves, the semilunar valves of the 
aorta and of the pulmonary artery, fsig-moi- 
dec'to-my. 

sig-moi-di'tis. Inflammation of the sigmoid flexure, 
usually caused by constipation. 

sig-moi'do-. Relating to the sigmoid flexure: a com¬ 
bining form, sig-moi-do-pex'y, an operation for 
rectal prolapse by fixation of the sigmoid flexure. 
— sig-moi*do-proc-tos'to-my, the forming of a 
communication between the sigmoid flexure and 
the rectum.— sig-moi'do-scope, an appliance 
having greater length and diameter than the 
proctoscope, used to inspect the sigmoid flexure, 
tsig-moid-os'co-py.— sig-moi-dos'to-my, forma¬ 
tion of an artificial anus in the sigmoid flexure. 

sign. A mark or other appearance characterizing 
anything. It is often used interchangeably with 

PHENOMENON, REFLEX, SYMPTOM, SYNDROME, 

TEST, etc. Signs of disease may be Objective or 
Physical (that is, apparent on examination of the 
patient), or Subjective (that is, apparent only to 
the patient). Among the numerous signs are: 
Abadie’s, Accessory ( = assident), Ahlfeld’s, 
Allis’s, Andral’s', Antecedent, ArgyllsRob- 
ERTSON, Assident. Atony {intestinal) ( = Boas’s), 
Auenbrugger’s, Aufrecht’s, Babinski’s, Bac- 
CELLi’s,B amberger’s,Baruch’s, Beaume’s, Bec- 
caria’s, Bechterew’s, BehiersHardy’s, Bell’s, 
Bernhardt's ( = meralgia paraesthetica), Be- 
zold’s, Bieg’s entotic, Biermer's ( = Ger- 
hardt’s), Biernacki’s, Bird’s, Boas’s, Bolo- 
GNiNi’s, Bordier^^Frdnkel's (= Bell’s phenom¬ 
enon), Borsieri’s, Bouillaud’s, Bouveret’s, 
Bozzolo’s, Brach^^Romberg s ( = Romberg’s), 
BraunsFernwald’s, Braxton Hicks’s, Brights 
Beatty’s friction sound, BrissaudsMarie’s, 
Broadbent’s, Brodie’s, Browne’s, Browns 
Sequard’s, Bryson’s. Burger's ( = Garel’s), 
Burton’s, Callaway’s, Cardarelli’s or Castel- 
lino's ( = Oliver’s), Cathelineaus ( = Tou- 
rette’s disease), CharcoUMarie' s (= Marie’s), 
Charcot’s, CharcoUVigouroux' s (= Vigouroux’s 
symptom), CheynesStokes, Chvostek’s, 
Clark’s, Cleemann’s, Clings (= Gersuny’s), 
Comby’s, Commemorative, Corrigan’s (see also 
C.’s line; C.’s pulse), Crichton^Browne's (= 
Browne’s), Dalrymple’s, Dance’s, David- 
sohn’s, Davis’s, De Morgan’s, De Mussey’s, 
Diaphragmatic ( = Litten’s), Dietl’s crises, 
Doane’s, Drummond’s, Duchenne’s, Dugas’s, 
Duncan^Bird’s ( = Bird’s), Duroziez’s, Echo*, 
Eitelberg’s, Ellis’s, Erben’s, Erb’s, Erb-West- 
phal's (= Westphal’s), Erichsen’s (c^ railway 
spine) , Ewart’s, Farre's (=F arre’s tubercles), 
First rib (= Ewart’s), Fisher's (r^F.’s brain 
murmur), FiskefBryson' s (= Bryson’s), FlindU 
Koplik's (=Koplik’s spots), (t^ Flint’s 

murmur), Flushstank, Frankel’s, Frederici s, 
Friedreich’s, Furbringer’s, Gangolphe s,Gar- 
dinersBrown’s, Garel’s, Garland's {= Ellis s 
line)', Gelle’s, Gerhardt’s (see also G.’s change 

OF sound), Gersuny’s, Glasgow’s, Golonboff s. 


Goodell’s, Gould’s bowed head, Gousset’s, 
Gowers’s, Graefe’s, Grancher’s ( see also 

G. ’s triad), Graves’s, Greene’s percussion, 
Griesinger’s, Grisolle’s, Gubler's (^ G.’s 
tumor), Guye’s, Guyon’s, Haab’s, Hahn’s, 
//a//’ 5 (=MARSHALL 5 H all’s facies), Hamilton’s, 
Hardy=^Behier's (= Behier=Hardy’s). Heberden's 
(i^ H.’s nodes), Hegar's, Heim^Kreyssig's {— 
Kreyssig’s), Heim^Sanders's (= Sanders’ s) , 
Heryng’s, Hicks's (= Braxton Hicks’s), Hip¬ 
pocratic (l®* FACIES HIPPOCRATICA, H. NAIL, H. SUC¬ 
CESSION), Hochsinger’s, Hoffmann’s, Hope’s, 
Howship=Romberg's (= Romberg’s), Huchard’s, 
Huebl’s, Hveter's, Hutchinson's (t^H.’s patch; 

H. ’s pupil; H.’s teeth; H.’s triad), Jaccoud’s, 
Jacksonian, Jacquemier’s, Jadelot's (i^J.’s 
lines), Jaffe’s, Joffroy’s, Jorissenne’s, Josse- 
raud’s, Justus’s, Keen’s, Kelley’s, Kellock’s, 
Kennedy’s, Kernig’s, Klebe's (= Gersuny’s), 
Konig’s, Koplik’s, Kreyssig’s, Krisowski’s, 
Kussmaul’s, Kuster’s, Laborde’s, Laennec's 
( ts- L.’s pearls; L.’s rales), Lagoria’s, 
Lancisi’s, Landou’s, Lasegue’s, Lehman’s, 
Lennhoff’s, Levasseur’s, Leyden’s, Litten’s, 
Lloyd’s, Lucas’s, McBurney's (t^M.’s point), 
Macewen’s, Magnan’s, Magnus’s, Mannkopf’s, 
Marie^Kaider's or Marie’s, Mayor’s, Meunier’s, 
Meyer’s, Mobius’s, Monteverdi’s, Morris's 
(e^M.’s point), Muller’s, Murat’s, Musset’s, 
Nothnagel’s, Oliver’s, Oppolzer’s, Osian- 
der’s, Palmoplantar (== Filipovitch’s), Parkin¬ 
son's (exp.’s facies). Parrot’s (see also P.’s 
nodes), Paul’s, Perez’s, Pfuhl’s, or PfuhU 
Jaffe's, Pinard’s, Pitres’s, Plumbdine (= 
PiTREs’s, def. i), Politzer’s, Porter's ( = Oli¬ 
ver’s), Pott’s boss, Prevost’s, Przewalski’s, 
Putnam=Dana’s, Quincke’s, Quinquaud’s, 
Rasch’s, Raynaud’s, Reichmann's (e^ Reich- 
mann’s disease), Remak’s, Reusner’s, Revil- 
liod’s, Richardson’s, Rinmann’s, Rinn:^’s, Ri- 
pault’s, RittersRollet, Ritter’s tetanus, 
Roger’s, Romberg=Howship’s, Romberg’s, 
Rommel^re’s, Rosenbach’s, Rosenheim’s. 
Rosenthal’s (see also R.’s hyperacid vomit¬ 
ing), RosersBraun’s, Rotch’s, Roth's (e^ R.’s 
spots), Roussel’s, Roux’s, Rovighi’s, Rumpf’s, 
Sanger's (i®-S.’s Macula; S.’s pupilsreaction), 
Sanders’s, Sansom’s, Sarbo’s, Schaefer’s, 
Schla'nge' s, Schdnlein's (i®* S.’s triad), Schiile's 
( = OMEGA melancholium), Schultze^Chvostek' s 
(= Chvostek’s), Schwabach’s, Seeligmuller’s, 
Seguin's (e^ S.’s signal symptom), Semon’s, Sib- 
son's (es”S.’s notch), Sieur’s, Silex’s, Simon’s, 
Skeer’s, Skoda’s (see also S.’s consonating 
rales). Smith’s, Somatic, Spiegelberg's, 
Squire’s, Stair, Steele’s, Stellwag’s, Stil- 
ler’s, Stokes’s, Straus’s, Strauss’s, Tarnier’s, 
Testivin’s, Thornton’s, Traube’s, Tresil- 
lian’s, Troisier’s, Trousseau’s, Uhthoff’s, Ul¬ 
nar, Unschuld’s, Valleix's {ts- V.’s points), Vig¬ 
ouroux’s, Vincent's (= Argyll^Robertson 
pupil), Vital, Vohsen^Davidsohn s ( = David- 
sohn’s), VoltolinGHeryng's ( = Heryng's), von 
Graefe's (== Graefe’s), von Wahl’s, Weber’s, 
Wegner’s, Weill’s, Weiss’s, Wernicke’s, 
Westphal’s or WestphaUErb's, Williams’s, and 
Wintrich’s. Ss. of adherent pericardium, 
Broadbent’s; Kreyssig’s; Kussmaul’s; San¬ 
ders’s: Williams’s. S. of alcoholism, Quin¬ 
quaud’s. S. of anaesthesia, ly Lehman’s. Ss. of 
aneurism, is- Bozzolo’s; Gerhardt’s; Glas¬ 
gow’s; Hope’s; Oliver’s, Perez’s; Sansom’s. S. 


SIGNA 


88 S 


SILK 


of angina pectoris, iir Beaume’s. Ss. of aortic 
insufficiency, Muller’s; Musset’s; Traube’s. 
Ss. of cancer, Boas’s; canceroderm; Rom- 
mel^re’s; Semon’s; Spiegelberg’s. S. of cere¬ 
bral hemorrhage, Prevost’s. S. of chlorosis, 
c®- Golonboff’s. S. of coxalgia, Erichsen’s. 
Ss. of dementia, ly Biernacki’s; Browne’s. S. 
of diabetes, ts- Unschuld’s. Ss. of dislocation, 
Dugas’s; Hamilton’s. S. of echinococcus cyst, 
Lennhoff’s. S. of enteroptosis, is-S tiller’s. 
Ss. of goitre, exophthalmic, is-Bryson’s; Dal- 
rymple’s ; Joffroy’s, def. i; Graefe’s ; Mobius’s ; 
Stellwag’s; Vigouroux’s; Weiss’s. S. of hy¬ 
datid cyst, is-Rovighi’s. Ss. of hysteria, ts- Put- 
namsDana’s ; Weiss’s. Ss. of intestinal obstruc¬ 
tion, is-B ouveret’s ; Gangolphe’s; Gersuny’s; 
Schlange’s; von Wahl’s. Ss. of measles, ts- 
Bolognini’s; Comby’s; Koplik’s; Meunier’s. 
Ss. of meningitis, IS- Kernig’s ; Roger’s ; Simon’s ; 
Squire’s. Ss. of middle=ear disease, is-Politzer’s ; 
Schwabach’s test. S. of myocarditis, is-Lan- 
cisi’s. S. of myopia, IS-Weiss’s. S. of nephro¬ 
lithiasis, IS-Thornton’s s. Ss. of neuralgia, is- 
Gousset’s; Seeligmuller’s ; Trousseau’s. Ss. 
of neurasthenia, cs-B ryson’s; Erben’s; Rosen- 
bach’s; Stiller’s ; Weiss’s. S. of neurosis, trau¬ 
matic, IS- Rumpf’s. Ss. of palsy or paralysis, is- 
Joffroy’s; Revilliod’s. Ss. of pericardial effu¬ 
sion, IS-Auenbrugger’s; Ewart’s; Rotch’s; 
Sansom’s; Sibson’s notch. Ss. of pericarditis, 
IS-Graves’s; Josseraud’s; Oppolzer’s. S. of 
perigastritis, is- Rosenheim’s. S. of peritonitis, ts- 
Frederici’s. Ss. of pleural effusion, ts- Greene’s ; 
Kellock’s; Litten’s; Pitres’s; Przewalski’s , 
Sieur’s. Ss. of pleurisy, is-A ndral’s; De Mus- 
sey’s. Ss. of pneumothorax, is-L eyden’s ; 
Pfuhl’s. Ss. of pregnancy, es-Ahlfeld’s ; Becca- 
ria’s; Goodell’s law; Huebl’s; Jacquemier’s; 
Kennedy’s; Mayor’s; Osiander’s; Rasch’s; 
Reusner’s; Schaefer’s. Ss. of retinitis, is- 
Gould’s ; Roth’s spots. S. of rickets, is- Lucas’s. 
Ss. of scarlatina, is-B orsieri’s line; Meyer’s. 
Ss. of sciatica, is-B abinski’s; Joffroy’s ; La- 
segue’s. S. of smallpox, IS-Grisolle’s s. Ss. of 
stenosis, IS-Aufrecht’s ; Reichmann’s ; Tr.\ube’s 
phenomenon. Ss. of syphilis, ts-JusTUs’s; Kri- 
sowsKi’s; SiLEx’s; Wegner’s. Ss. of tabes, is- 
Bechterew’s; Biernacki’s; Frankel’s; Gow- 
ERs’s ; Pitres’s ; Remak’s ; Romberg’s ; Sanger’s 
PUPIL reaction ; Sarbo’s. Ss. of tetany, is-Bech- 
TEREw’s reaction; Erb’s; Hoffmann’s; 
Weiss’s. Ss. of tuberculosis, is-Bareggi’s re¬ 
action; Grancher’s; Hochsinger’s; Murat’s; 
Roussel’s. Ss. of tumor, is- Nothnagel’s; 
RosersBraun’s ; Steele’s. Ss. of typhoid, cm- 
Doane’s. 

sig'na. “ Mark,” or “ write.” A word added toward 
the end of prescriptions and followed by directions 
in English which are to be copied by the drug¬ 
gist for the guidance of the patient: abbrs. S. 
and sig. 

sig'nal symptom. A painful or numb feeling, or any 
symptom that gives warning of lesion of the ner¬ 
vous centres. 

sig-nal-i-za'tion, sig'nal-ment. i^Bertillon’s sys¬ 
tem; ANTHROPOMETRY. Jsig-nal-et'ic. 

sig'na-ture. i. That part of a prescription contain¬ 
ing the directions to be marked on the receptacle 
for the medicine. This part is preceded by the 
letter S. (= L. sig'na mark or signe'tur let 
there be marked: abbr. 5 . or sig.). 2. Any char¬ 
acteristic feature of a substance, formerly con¬ 


sidered an indicant of its medicinal use, as the 
yellow color of dock root, indicating its use in 
jaundice; the stony seeds of groundsel, considered 
good for gravel. tsig'ii3-~tur-ist. 

Signorini’s tourniquet (sm-yo-ri'niz). i^ Tourni¬ 
quet. 

Sig. n. pr. Abbr. for L. sig'na nom'ine pro'prio, 
label with the proper name, 
siguatera (si-gwa-te'ra). i. A severe, often fatal, 
disease of the tropics, caused by eating certain 
kinds of fish. 2. Poisoning from fresh food, not 
infected with bacteria, the toxin being a leuko- 
maine which the physiologic activity of the 
tissues forms. [Sp. If 6^. ’07.] 
sik'i-min. The poisonous principle of the fruit 
Illi'cium religio'sum. [Japanese name Sikitni.] 
sil'ba-mine. A preparation used as a gonococcicide. 

Oceident M. Times, San Fran., 1903, xvii, 179.] 
sil'ber-ol. = Silver phenolsulphonate. 
si'lent region of the brain. The white matter. S. 

spirit, distilled spirit destitute of flavor or smell, 
si'lex, gen. sil'icis. Silica, as found in nature, oc¬ 
curring as flint, quartz, rock-crystal, etc. [L.] 
Si'lex’s sign or symptom. Furrows radiating from 
the mouth, and at the same time in other parts 
of the face: said to be a characteristic sign of 
syphilis. 

sil'i-ca. Silicon dioxide, .SiOg, a white or colorless 
substance forming the principal ingredients of a 
variety of silicious minerals, among w'hich quartz, 
flint, rock-crystal, and chalcedony may be con¬ 
sidered as silica nearly pure. S. bandage, a ban¬ 
dage moistened with sodium silicate after having 
been applied. [ < L. si'lex.) fsil'i-cate, as S. of 
sodium, INSOLUBLE GLASS. si-Uc'ca, a homoeo¬ 
pathic preparation of silica, si-lic'ic acid, an acid, 
HjSiO^, forming the silicates; orthosilicic acid, 
sil-i-cif'e-rous, containing silica, si-li'ci ous, as 
S. waters, waters containing silica in solution, 
sil'i-con, si-lic'i um. A simple, non-metallic, infu¬ 
sible element which forms the base of silica, and 
is one of the elements found in the body: at. wt., 
28.2 ; symb.. Si. i^ Elements, table of. S. 
carbide, a compound of silica and carbon, next to 
the diamond in hardness; corundum: used as a 
polishing or abrasive agent. Specific gravity, 
3.22 ; index of hardness, 9.5. S. dioxide = silica. 
tsil*i-co-flu'o-ride, a salt of sibi-co-flu-o'ric acid, 
H^SiFe. 

sil-i-co'sis. Lung disease caused by inhaling fine 
particles of flint; stone-mason’s lung, 
si-lic'u-lose cataract. =Siliquose c.\taract. 
sil'i-qua o-li'v£e. The fibres which appear to encir¬ 
cle superficially the inferior olive of the brain. 
Their outer and inner portions are termed Funi¬ 
culi siliquce. [L., “ husk of the olive.”] 
si-lique'. A slender pod of a cruciferous plant, like 
the pods of the mustard and radish. [L. sil'iqua 
podj tsil'i-quose, sil-i'qu ous, as S. cataract, a 
cataract in which there is absorption of the lens 
with calcareous deposit within the capsule, so 
that the atrophied lens resembles a silique; dry- 
shelled cataract; siliculose cataract; aridosiii- 
quate cataract: and 5 . desquamation, i»- desqua¬ 
mation. 

silk. The delicate, soft textile fibre produced by 
the silkworm (Bom'byx mo'ri) ; thread or cloth 
woven from it. The silk-fibre consists of a nitrog- 
enous principle fibroin and the silk-glue cover¬ 
ing or sericin. S.scotton, BOMBAX. S.sfloss, 
dentists’, loose filaments of fine silk: used to clean 
the surfaces of teeth. S.sgelatin or S.sglue = 


SILKWORM GUT 


889 


SIMILAR 


8ERICIN. S.sgrass, fibre of pineapple. S.«suture, 
a thread of silk made in various thicknesses for 
use in sutures and ligatures. Tait’s silk, cable 
-silk. [1 G. 07.1 S.* 

weed, Ascle'pias cor- 
nu'ti. tsil'ken, as 5. 
crepitus, a sensation 
like that produced by 
rubbing two pieces of 
silk between the fin¬ 
gers: felt on moving 
a joint affected with 
hydrarthrosis. 

silk'worm gut. The 
fibre drawn out of 
the silkworm killed 
when it is just ready 
to spin its cocoon: 
used for ligatures and 
sutures. 

sillonneur (si-y6h-n?r). A three»bladed ophthalmol¬ 
ogist’s scalpel. 

sil'ly-how. A popular term for the caul. 

Sil'pha sinua'ta. An animal organism found on 
bodies long dead. Dl. ’06.] 

Sil^phium. A genus of American composites with 
resinous juice. S. lacinia'tum, the North American 
compasssplant; used in malaria and coughs. 

sil-pho-log'ic. Pertaining to larvae. 

sil'ver. A precious metal of white color, mal¬ 
leable, ductile, and tenacious. Its specific gravity 
is 10.5; atomic weight, 107.12; symbol, Ag. It 
is not altered by air or moisture, but is tarnished 
by sulphuretted hydrogen, and is soluble in nitric 
and in sulphuric acid. When pure, it is softer 
and is tarnished less readily than the silver of 
coin or plate. It is a monad, or monatomic ele¬ 
ment. Argentum; argyria. The great im¬ 
portance of the silver salts in medicine has led 
to the introduction of a large number, often 
under fanciful names. S. acetate, Ag.C2H302, less 
soluble than the nitrate: used in 1% solution as 
a preventive of purulent ophthalmia in the new¬ 
born. S. albuminate, t^S. PROTEiD S. arsenite, 
a poisonous yellow antiseptic and alterative 
powder, AgjAsOg, soluble in alcohol, insoluble 
in water; used in skin diseases. Dose, 0.0006 
to 0.001 Gm. to S’*-) • benzoate, a white 

powder, AgCyHjOj, soluble in hot water. S. bo¬ 
rate, a white powder, 3Ag20.4B203 (when freshly 
made), decomposing when kept too long. S. 
caseinate = ARGONiN. S. chloride, a compound, 
AgCl, which has been used internally in syphilis, 
diarrhoea, dysentery, and epilepsy, S. citrate, a 
white powder, AgjCjHjO^; itrol; used in solution 
as a surgical antiseptic. Colloidal s. = collar- 
GOL. S. cyanide =ARGENTi CYANiDUM*. S. eoso- 
late, silver salt of trisulpho-acetylguaiacol con¬ 
taining 50% silver: antiseptic and used in gon¬ 
orrhoea, S. ethylenediamine, ^ argentamine. 
S. fluoride = TACHiOL. S. foil, silver in thin,sheets. 
S.sfork deformity or fracture, fracture of the lower 
end of the radius, so»called from the shape of the 
deformity it causes ; Colles’s fracture. S. 
gelatose = albargin. S. ichthyol (ichthyolate) 
= ichthargan. S. iodate, a white, astringent 
powder, Agio,: used in diarrhoea. S. iodide = 
argenti iodidum. S. lactate, a germicide and 
astringent, actol; aktol, containing 50% silver: 
used in a i to 1000 solution in gonorrhoea. S. 
leaf = argentuu foliatum. S. lysalbinate, a 
weak acid formed along with protalbumic acid by 


acting on albumen with dilute sodium hydrox¬ 
ide. S. nitrate = ARGENTI nitras*. S. nitrate, 
fused or moulded = argenti nitras fusus*. S. 
nitrate, mitigated = argenti nitras mitigatus*. 
S. nucleate = NARGOL. S. oxide = argenti oxi- 
DUM*. S. oxyquinolinesulphonate = ARGENTOL, 
S. phenolsulphonate, a surgical antiseptic and 
astringent in the form of a crystalline white 
powder, CgH^.OHSOjAg; silberol; silver sulpho- 
phenylate; silver sulphocarbolale: used in oph¬ 
thalmia in 2 to 1000 aqueous solution; half the 
strength of silver nitrate and sometimes used 
in its stead. S. phosphate = argenti phosphas. 
S. picrate = picratol. S. protalbin or protalbin- 
ate = LARGiN. S. proteid, a proteid preparation 
containing the equivalent of about 8% of metal¬ 
lic silver; novargan; protargol: used in conjunc¬ 
tivitis, gonorrhoea, wounds, etc., in a i to 5% 
solution. S. quinaseptolate = argentol. S. 
staining, staining of tissue, especially nerve ele¬ 
ments, with silver nitrate for histological study. 
S. sulphocarbolate = s. phenolsulphonate. S. 
sulphosichthyolate = ichthargan. S. sulpho- 
phenylate = s. phenolsulphonate. S. test, a 
test for glucose in the urine, made by boiling the 
urine with a mixture of silver nitrate solution 
with an excess of ammonia, when metallic silver 
will form. S. trinitrophenolate = picratol. S. 
vitellin = ARGYROL. S. wattle, wattle gum. 
S.sweed = poTENTiLLA ANSERiNA. fsil'ver-y. 

Sil -ves'ter’s method. A method of producing arti¬ 
ficial respiration, in which the patient is laid upoc 



his back, the elbows forced against the chest so 
as to compress it, then raised upward and out 
ward, and then slowly replaced, 

Simaba (st-me'ba). A genus of simarubaceous trees 
and shrubs. The bark and leaves of 5 . ferru- 
gitt'ea and S. floribun'da are employed as reme¬ 
dies for fever and dropsy. From the seeds of 5 . 
ce'dron the bitter cedrin is obtained, 
sim-a-bo-lee' oil. A clear oil extracted from the 
seeds of curry, Marra'ya koe'nigi. 

Simaru'ba. i. A genus of simarubaceous trees, 
several species of which have bitter properties. 
S. ama'ra, the plant which affords simaruba^root 
bark, a native of the West Indies. S. glau'ca, 
a native of Cuba, affording a glutinous juice 
which is used in certain cutaneous diseases. S. 
officina^lis, the plant which affords simaruba* 
root bark; mountain damson; bitter damson; 
paradise tree. Quas'sia sintaru'ba. It is bitter 
and tonic, and has been used as a remedy for 
dysentery and diarrhoea. S. versic'olor, a tree, a 
native of Brazil, having bitter tonic properties. 
Its bark and fruit are anthelmintic. 2. Tlie bark 
of the bitter root of Sintaru'ba ojficina'lis. 
sim'i an. Like an ape; anthropoid, 
sim'i-lar. Like; resembling; homogeneous; of the 
same nature. [< L. sint'ilis.] 



7 ' 

Silk. 














SIMILIA SIMILIBUS CURANTUR 


890 


SINAPIS 


si-mil'ia simil'ibus curan'tur. The homoeopathic 
doctrine that like cures like, i. e., that a disease 
is cured by those medicines which produce an 
effect like the symptoms of the disease. [L.] 

si-mil'i-um. In homoeopathy, the remedy most 
nearly reproducing given symptoms. 

Si-mon'art’s bands or threads. Drawn out adhe¬ 
sions forming amniotic bands between the amnion 
and the foetus where through the fluid accumu¬ 
lated there isMistention of the cavity. 

Si'mon’s operation or suture. The operation of 
suturing incomplete rupture of the perineum. 
The mucous membrane is first sutured; after¬ 
ward the other parts are brought together. S.’s 
position, that position in which the patient lies 
flat on the back, with legs and thighs flexed, 
hips elevated somewhat, and thighs abducted; 
Edebohls’s position; exaggerated lithotomy posi¬ 
tion. S.’s sign or symptom, umbilical retraction 
or immobility during inspiration: seen in tuber¬ 
culous meningitis. S.’s test, a test for xanthine, 
made by dissolving the substance in a fixed alkali 
and adding sodium chloride or calcium chloride, 
when nitrogen will be evolved, with the forma- 

. tion of a blue, then a brown, and finally a yellow, 
color. S.’s triangles, BRACHIAL and femoral 
TRIANGLES. [John Simon, an English surgeon, 
1824-1876.] 

si-mooI'stree. Bombax. 

si-moon', si-moom'. A hot suffocating wind of the 
deserts of Arabia and Africa; samiel. 

sim'ple. Unadulterated; pure; homogeneous; not 
complex; not consisting of distinct parts: the 
opposite of compound. S. apoplexy, apoplexy 
without visible structural lesion. S. atrophy. 
I. Atrophy with wasting, but without degenera¬ 
tion. 2. Atrophy in which the parts decrease in 
size, but not in number. 3. Atrophy of the sub¬ 
stance of a hollow organ without change in the 
size of its cavity. S. body, an element. S. bubo, 
13 * BUBO. S. cancer, scirrhous cancer which, from 
excessive celbgrowth, resembles encephaloid can¬ 
cer. S. catarrhal inflammation, catarrhal 
INFLAMMATION. S. Cerate, a cerate prepared by 
melting together 8 parts of lard and 4 parts of 
white wax: formerly much used as a mild and 
emollient application to inflamed surfaces. S. 
chancre, soft chancre. S. cholera = cholera 
MORBUS. S. commissure of the cerebellum, a 
small lobe near the posterior incisura. S. con¬ 
tinued fever, Bombay or Calcutta fever; pyrexia 
of uncertain origin; febricula. S. cyst = uni¬ 
locular CYST. S. dislocation, cs- dislocation. 
S. elixir, elixir of orange. S. embedding, gt em¬ 
bedding. S. emulsion, emulsion of almond. S. 
epithelium, cs- epithelium. S. ether, an oxide of 
an organic compound. S. flat pelvis, a pelvis in 
which the anteroposterior diameter is shorter 
than normal. S. fracture, fracture with only two 
fragments and without any external wound. S. 
gland, a gland which consists of a single tube 
or sac. S. glaucoma = glaucoma simplex. S. 
hypertrophy, «3 -hypertrophy. S. inflammation, 
inflammation without flow of pus or other prod¬ 
ucts of inflammation. S. jaundice, g3-jaundice. 
S. medicine, a medicine consisting of a single drug. 
S. melancholy, a mild form of melancholy having 
neither delusions nor great excitement. S. men¬ 
ingitis, meningitis in which the exudate consists 
of fibrin and serum. S. ointment = unguentum*. 
S. oxymel = oxymel. S. pregnancy, the devel¬ 
opment of a single foetus, as normally. S. pus¬ 



Simpson’s For¬ 
ceps. 


tule, cr pustule. S. solution, solution. S. 
squamous epithelium, e3-squamous epithelium. 
S. stricture, a stricture which causes no pain or 
interruption of function. S. syrup = syrupus*. 
S. tissue, tissue whose cells are all of the same 
structure. S. ulcer, a mild form of ulceration 
not connected with systemic disease nor with 
sepsis. S. urethritis, urethritis. S. vesicle, 
a vesicle consisting of a single chamber. S. 
wound, an uncomplicated divis¬ 
ion of parts. 

sim'ples. A general name for all 
herbs of any medicinal virtue, 
fsim'pler, sim'plist, an herbalist, 
sim'plex oc'ulus. A bandage cov¬ 
ering one eye; monoculu§, def. i. 

Simp'son’s forceps, i. The long 
forceps of Sir James Y. Simpson. 

2. A forceps introduced by Sir 
Alex. R. Simpson in which Tar- 
nier’s axis=traction principle is 
applied to the Simpson for¬ 
ceps, def. I. S.’s operation, i. 

Oophorectomy by acupressure 
of the pedicle inside the abdom¬ 
inal wall. 2. Bilateral incisions 
through the whole length of the 
cervical canal in stenosis of the 
cervix uteri. 

Sims’s blunt hook. Sims’s volsella 
hook. S.’s depressor, a loop 
of stout wire for depressing the 
anterior vaginal wall in ex¬ 
aminations. S.’s feeder = S.’s 
SHIELD. S.’s operation, colporrhaphy by the de¬ 
nudation of a V*shaped surface on the anterior 
wall of the vagina and drawing together the 
sides by sutures. S.’s position, that position in 
which the patient lies upon the left side and 
front of the left chest, with the right leg strongly 
flexed: semi prone position; side position. S.’s 
shield, an instrument for steadying sutures. S.’s 
speculum, a vaginal speculum with duck=bill 
blades: by it the posterior wall of the vagina is 
held up, while the anterior is depressed, the pa¬ 
tient being placed in Sims’s position. S.’s suture, 
a shotted suture. [J. Marion Sims, American 
gynaecologist, 1813-1883.] 

.si'mul. Together, at once. [L.] 
sim-u-la'tion. A counterfeiting, or pretending to 
be suffering under, diseases; malingering. 
Simu'lium rep'tans. The creeping gnat, a parasite, 
the bite of which may kill animals. i3- Pellagra. 
sim'u-lo. The fruit of a species of Capparis: used 
in Peru in epilepsy, hysteria, etc. [Sp.] 
si'nal. Pertaining to the sinus. 

Sina'pis. i. A genus of cruciferous plants. 2. = 
Mustard. S. al'ba*, “ white mustard,” the seed 
of Sina'pis al'ba. Its properties are similar to 
those of Sina'pis ni'gra. Dose, as an emetic, 8 
Gm. (120 grs.). S. ni'gra*, “black mustard,” 
the seed of Bras'sica ni'gra. It is stimulant, 
emetic, and applied externally is epispastic or 
rubefacient. Dose, as an emetic, 8 Gm. (120 grs.). 
C®*ChARTA SINAPIS*; OLEUM SINAPIS VOLATILE*. 
S. sem'ina, mustard seeds. Among the constit¬ 
uents found in Sina'pis are sin-al'bin, a white, 
crystalline principle, C3oH4^N2S20,g, from the seeds 
of S. al'ba, which when decomposed with myrosin 
forms the compound, sin-aPbinsmus'tard oil, 
C^H-O.NCS, or sinalbinssulphocyanate; sin-am'- 
ine, a compound, C^H6N2== CN.NHC3H5, or allyl 






SINAPOL 


891 


SINUS 


cyanamide, from crude oil of mustard; sin-a'pic 
acid, a white, crystalline substance, CjjHj205; 
sin'a-pine, an unstable alkaloid, CigHa^NOg, from 
5 . aL'ha; sin*a-po-le'ic acid, a compound, C20H38O2, 
from the fixed oil of black and white mus¬ 
tard; si-nap'o-lin, a white, crystalline compound, 
^7^12^20’ from oil of mustard; myrosin; and 
siNiGRiN. oivijTTL or OivaTVL.\ Isin-a-pis'co-py, 
a test for sensory disturbance, made by applying 
mustard, sin'a-pism, a plaster or poultice made 
of mustard, usually i part to 4 of flour or linseed 
meal and vinegar: used as a rubefacient, sin'a- 
pized, containing or mixed with mustard, as a 5. 
bath, sin'a-pous,, as S. fermentation, a variety 
of fermentation produced by myrosin in potas¬ 
sium myronate with the formation of glucose, 
allyl thiocyanide, and potassium sulphate, and in 
sinalbin with the formation of glucose, sinapine 
bisulphate, and acrinyl thiocyanate, 
sin'a-pol. A proprietary preparation containing 
aconitine, spiritus sinapis, menthol, castor oil, 
and spirit of rosemary: used as an analgesic for 
external use in headache, migraine, etc. 
sin'ca-line. = Choline. 

sin'ci-put*. I. The fore and upper part of the 
head; bregma. 2. =Skullcap. tsln-cip'i-tal, as 
S. angle, a craniometrical angle formed by the in¬ 
tersection of the facial line of Camper with a line 
from the root of the nose to the suture between 
the sphenoid and occipital bones, and S. fontanel, 
frontal fontanel. 

sin'ew. A fibrous cord connecting a muscle with a 
bone; tendon. Weeping s. = ganglion, def. 2. 
Sing. Abbr. for L. singulo'rum, of each, 
sing'ers’ node or nodule. A fibrous swelling between 
the arytenoid cartilages or on one of the vocal 
cords. i^Chorditis tuberosa. 
single fracture. Fracture of a bone in which there 
is only one break. S. harelip, ts* harelip. S. 
vision = MONOBLEPSis, def. i. 
sin'gulis die'bus. “ Every day,” a phrase employed 
in directions for taking medicines. [L.] 
sin'gult. A sigh. [< L. singul'tus a sob, a hiccup.] 
fshi-guFti ent, affected with hiccup; sighing, 
sin-gul'tus, sin-gul-ta'tion. = Hiccough. [L.] 
tsin-gul'tous. 

sin'i-grin. A body, potassium myronate, found in 
black mustard. 

sin'is-ter*, sin'is-tral. Belonging to, or situated on, 
the left; also unlucky, inauspicious. [< L. sin- 
istra'lis, fr. sinis'ter left.] fsin'is-trad, toward the 
left side, sin-is-tral'i-ty, preference for perform¬ 
ing certain acts with the left hand, foot, etc. 
sin-is-tra'tion. i. Sinistrality. 2. A turning 
toward the left, sin-is-trau'ral, left^eared. sin'- 
is-tren, belonging to the left side itself, 
sin-is'trin. A Isevorotatory carbohydrate, CgHj^Og, 
found in squill and In'ula hele'nium: sometimes 
considered synonymous with inulin. 
sin'is-tro-. Relating to or turning toward the left, 
as in sinistra car dial, sinistra cerebral, sinistr ocular, 
sinistrogyric, sinistrohepatal, sinistromanual, sin- 
istropedal, sinistrophoria{^=i^'EWO' pw.oria), sinistra- 
splenic, sinistrotorsion; LiEVO-: a combining form. 
[ < L. sin'ister left.] sin'is-trose, left-handed sugar, 
sin-is'trous. The opposite of dextrous; on the left 
side; wrong. 

sin'ka-line. An alkaloid, identical with choline, 
derived from mustard. 

sink'ing. Loss of strength or activity. S. of the 
foetus, the lowering of the child towards the end 
of pregnancy into the basin of the pelvis. 


sin-nam'in. A sulphur^free base produced artifi¬ 
cially from thiosinamine. 

si'no=au-ric'u-lar heartsblock. cs- Heart-block 
S.sa. groove, the groove between the sinus 
venosus and the auricle proper, as in the frog’s 
heart. 

si-noi'dal. = Sinusoidal. 
sin'toc. The aromatic bark of a Malayan tree, 
sin-u-a'tion. A gyrus. [< L. sinua'tia bending.] 
sin'u=au-ric'u-lar. Relating to the sinus venosus 
and the auricle of the heart, 
sin-u-i'tis. = Sinusitis. 

sin'uous. Having sinuses; bending in and out; 
winding. S. line, the winding line at the junc¬ 
ture of the mucous membrane of the rectum 
with the integument of the anus; inferior sinu¬ 
ous line. 

si'nus*, pi. si'nus or si'nuses. i. A cavity the in¬ 
terior of which is wider or more expanded than 
the entrance. 2. In surgery, a long, narrow, 
hollow track leading from some abscess, diseased 
bone, or the like, Fistula. 3. An air-cavity 
in the cranial bones. 4. A dilated channel con¬ 
taining blood. Specially named sinuses are 
Accessory (of the nose). Air-, Aartic (= Val¬ 
salva’s), Basilar (=transverse), Breschet’s 
(= sphenoparietal), Cavernous, Cerebral (= 
cranial). Circular, Coronary, Cranial, C'u- 
vier’s, Ethmoidal, Facial (= longitudinal si¬ 
nus, inferior). Frontal, Guerin's (= lacuna 
magna). Lateral, Lieutaud’s ( = straight), 
Littre's (=transverse). Longitudinal, Lymph, 
Mastoid, Maxillary, Morgagni’s, Occipital, 
(= Valsalva’s), Petrosal, Petrosqua¬ 
mous, Pilonidal, Placental, Precaval (= Cu¬ 
vier’s), Prostatic, Pulmonary, Rhambaid (— 
S. RHOMBOiDEUs), Ridley’s {= circvlar) , Sag¬ 
ittal (= longitudinal). Sigmoid, Sphenoidal, 
Sphenoparietal, Straight, Tarsal, Terminal, 
Transverse, Urogenital, Uterine, Uteropla¬ 
cental, and Valsalva’s. S. al'ae par'vae = 
SPHENOPARIETAL SINUS. S. of the anterior cham¬ 
ber, the narrow space at the edge of the anterior 
chamber of the eye, between the margin of the 
cornea and the base of the iris. S. of the aor¬ 
ta or S. aortae [Valsal'vae]* = Valsalva’s si¬ 
nuses. S. arcua'tus, a groove separating the lat¬ 
eral walls of the fore gut from the tuberculum 
impar. S. atlan'tis, a depression on the upper 
surface of the posterior part of the arch of the 
atlas for the passage of vessels and nerves. S 
of the auricle = s. venosus, def. i. S. caverno'- 
sus* = CAVERNOUS SINUS. S. circula'ris*. i. A 
venous sinus surrounding the pituitary body and 
emptying into the cavernous sinus on each side. 
2. A venous plexus in the maternal placenta emp¬ 
tying into the uteroplacental sinus. S. circu¬ 
la'ris foram'inis mag'ni, a plexus of veins sur¬ 
rounding the posterior edge of the foramen mag¬ 
num. S. circula'ris i'ridis = ScHLEMM’s canal. 
S. coch'leae, a vein in the cochlear aqueduct open¬ 
ing into the internal jugular vein. S. of the con¬ 
junctiva, the space between the ocular and pal¬ 
pebral conjunctivas. S. corona'rius cor'dis* = 
CORONARY SINUS. S. cox'as, the acetabulum. S. 
of Cuvier = Cuvier’s sinuses. Sinuses of the 
du'ra ma'ter, certain channels which traverse the 
dura mater in various points for the reception of 
the venous blood; sinus durae matris*. S. epi- 
didym'idis*, a deep recess between the body of the 
epididymis and surface of the testis lying near it; 
digital fossa. S. frae'nuli, the depression at the 


SINUS 


892 


SITIO- 


side of the fraenum of the penis. S. fronta'lis* = 
FRONTAL SINUS. S.sganglion, a group of nerve* 
cells around the junction of the venous sinus and 
the auricle of the heart. S. genita'lis = sinus 
pocuLARis. S. of the kidney, the intrarenal cav¬ 
ity containing the renal blood*vessels, nerves, 
lymphatics, and the dilated commencement of 
the ureter or the pelvis of the kidney. S. lactif'- 
erus* = AMPULLA LACTiFERA. S. luna'tus, the 
lesser sigmoid cavity of the ulna. S. maxilla'ris* 

= MAXILLARY SINUS. S. media'nUS = UTRICLE, 

def. I. Ss. of Morgagni = Morgagni’s ss. S. 
mulie'bris, the vagina. S. obli'quus = straight 
SINUS. S. occipita'lis* = occipital sinus. S.pa- 
ranasa'les* = accessory sinuses (of the nose). 
S. pe'dis, the cavity formed between the fore part 
of the calcaneum and the astragalus. S. perpen- 
dicula'ris = STRAIGHT sinus. S. petro'sus infe'- 
rior* and supe'rior*, tr petrosal sinus. S.s 
phlebitis, inflammation of a sinus of the cranium. 
fs- Phlebitis. S. pleu'rae*, the spaces in the 
pleural sac along the lower portions of the lung 
which are not occupied by lung*tissue. S. poc- 
ula^ris, “ cupslike sinus,” a large lacuna in the 
centre of the prostatic portion of the urethra; 
prostatic vesicle; uterus masculinus; utricle; si¬ 
nus genitalis; uiriculus prosiaticus*. S. praecer- 
vica'lis (of His), the depression or fossa of the 
embryo, in the lower or lateral part of the future 
neck region, produced by the sinking in of the 
arches and the included furrows. S. prostat'- 
icus, a depression on either side of the verumonta- 
num in the floor of the prostatic portion of the 
urethra. S. pulmona'lis, the atrium of the left au¬ 
ricle. S. pyrifor'mis, a shallow depression in the 
larynx, bounded internally by the arytenosepi- 
glottidean fold and externally by the wing of the 
thyroid cartilage. S. rec'tus* = straight sinus. 
S. reu'niens = S. venosus, def. 2. S. rhomboi'deus 
(rhomboida'lis), ‘‘rhomboid sinus.” i. The fourth 
ventricle. 2. An air*cavity in the cranial bone 
communicating with the nasal cavity. S. sagit- 
ta'lis infe'rior* and supe'rior*, f3r longitudinal 
SINUS, inferior and superior. S. sep'timus, the 
superior longitudinal sinus. S. sphenoida'lis* 
= sphenoidal sinus. S. sphenoparieta'lis* = 
sphenoparietal sinus. S. sulcifor'mis, a furrow 
on the inner surface of the vestibule of the ear, 
below the hemispherical and hemielliptical fossae, 
opening into the aquaeductus vestibuli; sulcus ad 
aquaeductus vestibuli; recessus labyrinthi. S. 
tar'si* = TARSAL sinus. S. tento'rii = straight 
sinus. S. termina'lis = terminal sinus. S. 
thrombosis, thrombosis of a cranial sinus, marked 
by fever, chills, pain in the neck and occiput, 
and swelling along the jugular vein. S. transver'- 
sus*. I. =Transverse SINUS. 2. =Lateral 
SINUS. S. tym'pani*, a depression in the tym¬ 
panic cavity, below and behind the oval window, 
between the niche of the round window and the 
pyramid, [^j P. ’07.] S. urogenita'lis*, a sinus 
existing in the mammalian embryo. It is a cav¬ 
ity or canal opening externally, into which the 
excretory ducts of the wolffian bodies, the ure¬ 
ters, and the efferent parts of the generative ap¬ 
paratus terminate internally. Ss. of Valsalva 
= Valsalva’s ss. S. veno'sus. i. The main 
part of the cavity of either auricle of the heart. 
It is the portion into which the veins pour their 
blood; atrium; sinus of the auricle. 2. The 
common venous receptacle in the embryo, at¬ 
tached to the posterior wall of the primitive 


auricle: it receives the umbilical and vitelline 
veins and the ducts of Cuvier. S. veno'sus cor'- 
neae or S. veno'sus scle'rae [Cana'lis Schlem'- 
mi, Lau'thi]* = 

Schlemm’s canal. 

[L.] 

si-nus-i'tis. Inflam¬ 
mation of the sinus, 
as chronic catarrhal, 
frontal, and serous s. 
isr Mucocele. 
si-nu'soids. The em¬ 
bryonic circulatory 
system in the su¬ 
prarenal gland, con¬ 
sisting of relatively, 

Inrtrp <;r>arp<; DIAGRAMS OF Al- 

Jarge spaces or ternating Currents. — a. 



tubes: also found in Sinusoidal current, b. Non 
the liver. G. ’07.] sinusoidal current. 

tsi-nu-soid'al, as S. 

current, an alternating electric current whose 
voltage diagram is a sine curve, 
si-o-na'gra. Gouty pains in the jaw*bone. 
siph'il-is. = Syphilis. 

si'phon. A bent tube with arms of unequal length 
for drawing a liquid from one vessel into another; 
used in lavage of the stomach and in drainage of 
wounds. S. trocar, a trocar fitted with a long 
tube, used in evacuating collections of fluid, such 
as ovarian cysts. [ < a'Kpuv tube.] tsi'phon-age. 
si'phon-ing. 

si-pho-no'ma. A variety of cylindroma composed 
of a series of tubes ; Henle’s tubular tumor, 
sip'i-ri bark. The bark of Nectan'dra rodice'i, from 
which is obtained the alkaloid sip'i-rine. 
si-ren'i-form foetus. A monster with webbed feet, 
si-re-nom'e-lus. A monster whose legs are fused 
and end in a point without a foot. 

Siret’s disinfectant (sl-rez). A disinfectant contain¬ 
ing iron and zinc sulphates, coabtar, sawdust, 
and rape*seed oil. 

si-ri'a-sis. i. Insolation. 2. Heliotherapy, 

sir'itch. Oleum sesami. Dl. ’06.] 

si'ro, sy'ro, pi. siro'nes, syro'nes. A vague term for 
a number of animal parasites, including Sarcop'- 
tes scabie'i. 

si-roc'co. A dust=laden wind blowing over the sea 
from Africa into Italy. [It.] 
sir'o-lin. i. A proprietary preparation of thiocol 
and syrup of black orange. 2. A proprietary 
remedy; a form of creosote: used in pulmonary 
diseases and intestinal catarrh, 
sir'up. = Syrup. 

-sis. A suffix denoting condition or process, as in 
FIBROSIS. -Ma. 
sis'ter cell. = Daughter cell. 

Sisym'brium. Hedge mustard; a genus of cruci- 
feras, of which 5 . officina'le, a European species, 
is expectorant, diuretic, and laxative: used in 
acute laryngeal catarrh, colds, and hoarseness, 
site. Position; situation; place, as the placental 
site, that part of the uterine wall to which the 
placenta is attached. 

sit-i-ir'gi a, sit-e-ir'gi a. A term for hysterical ano¬ 
rexia: proposed by Sollier. 
sit'i 0-, si'to-. Relating to food: a combining form. 
[< GLTiov, gItoq food.] sit-i-ol'o-gy, si-tol'o-gy, 
the science of food and nourishment; dietetics.— 
sit-i-o-ma'ni a, si-to-ma'ni a, excessive hunger, or 
insane craving for food.— sit-i-o-pho'bi a, si-to- 
pho'bia, morbid dread of taking food, so great 
that often the sight or smell produces vomiting. 










SITODREPTA PANICEA 


893 


SKIN 


As 

/C'' 


= As 


H 

HO 


c 

c 

H 

H 

C 

C 

c 

c 

H 

H 

C 

C 


C 
NHa 


H 

HO 


NH2 


— si'to-gen, a foodsproduct from vegetables, to 
replace meat=extracts.— si'tos, food.— si-to-tox'- 
i-con, the active poisonous agent in sitotoxism. 

— si-to-tox'in, any basic poison generated by a 
micro-organism in vegetable food.— si-to-tox'ism, 
si-to-tox-is'mus, grain poisoning, as ergotism, 

LATHYRISM, PELLAGRA. 

Sitodrep'ta panice'a. The booksworm. 
sit'ting attitude or posture. The position of a patient 
sitting propped up or upright in bed. 
si'tus. Situation; a site. The position occupied by 
an organ. S. perver'sus, abnormal position of 
an organ. S. [vis'cerum] inversus, S. [vis'cerum] 
transver'sus, transposition of the viscera from one 
side of the body to the other, Heterotaxia. 
sitzsbath. A bath in which the user sits and bathes 
only to the hips; half-bath; hip-bath‘. 
siv'vens. =Sibbens. 

sixshundredsandssix preparation. A synthetic rem¬ 
edy, dioxydiamino-arsenobenzene or -benzol, hav¬ 
ing the graphic formula 
This preparation 
was devised by 
Ehrlich for de¬ 
stroying Spiro- 
chce'tes without in¬ 
juring the tissues, 
and possesses 
most remarkable 
curative effects on many syphilitic manifestations; 
Ehrlich’s preparation; Ehrlich’s new antisyphili¬ 
tic ; Ehrlich-Hata preparation; Hata preparation; 
substance 606; salvarsan. i^Therapeia magna 
STERILISANS. It is given in a single dose of about 
0.6 Gm. (9 grs.) subcutaneously, intramuscularly, 
or preferably intravenously in a carefully prepared 
solution. The dose may have to be repeated 
several times, and it is advisable, tmless contra¬ 
indicated, not to discontinue mercurial treat¬ 
ment. Untoward results may occur from its 
use, and the Wassermann’s reaction should al¬ 
ways be employed as an index for the treatment, 
sixth pair. A pair of cranial nerves distributed one 
to each rectus externus oculi muscle; abducentes. 

Cranial nerves. S. sense, CcENiESTHESis. 
S. ventricle = Verga’s ventricle. 
skat-, skat'o-. =Scat-, scato-. 
skat'ol. Beta-methyl indol, a crystalline, sharp¬ 
smelling substance, C9H9N, found in tryptophan, 
in human faeces, and derived, like indol, from the 
decomposition of albuminoids by the action of 
bacteria in the intestine: to it the characteristic 
odor of the faeces is due. 

ska-tox'yl. A compound, C9H9NO, an oxidation- 
product of skatol. It is found in the urine in 
disease of the large intestine. 

Skeer’s sign or symptom. A small circle in the 
iris, surrounding the pupil: said to be pathogno¬ 
monic of tubercular meningitis, 
skein. A figure formed of chromatin fijprils in kary- 
OKiNESis. Close s.; loose s. 
skel'e-tal. Of, or relating to, a skeleton. S. arches 
= visceral arches. S. muscle, a striated mus¬ 
cle attached to, or moving, some part of the 
skeleton; musculus skeleti*. S. musculature, the 
muscles attached to the skeleton considered col¬ 
lectively. S. tissue, a term including bony, car¬ 
tilaginous, fibrous, and ligamentous tissues, 
skel'e-tin. Any one of a series of gelatinoid sub¬ 
stances found chiefly in invertebrate tissues, in¬ 
cluding chitin, spongin, sericin, etc. 
skel*e-ti-za'tion. Extreme emaciation. 


skel'e-ton. i. In a general sense the frame-work of 
a body, supporting, enclosing, or protecting soft 
parts, as the bones, cartilages, and ligaments of 
an animal. 2. In the usual and restricted sense, 
the bony frame-work of an animal, designed for 
the support and protection of the soft parts: 
developed from the mesoderm in three stages, 
membranous, cartilaginous, and bony. The 
skeleton is subdivided into the Exoskeleton, Der- 
moskeleton, or Dermal skeleton, and the internal 
frame-work Endoskeleton or Neuroskeleton. The 
osseous tissue associated with certain organs, as 
the tongue, heart, eye, penis, etc., of certain ani¬ 
mals constitutes the Splanchnoskeleton. Living s. 
A greatly emaciated person, as of the museums 
and side-shows: usually a case of progressive 
muscular atrophy. [< OKsT^erdv, fr. gkeTiAelv to 
dry, to dry up.] fskel-e-tog'e-nous, as 5. cells, 
cells which produce skeletal structures, particu¬ 
larly the osteoblasts, skel-e-tog'ra-phy, a de¬ 
scription of the skeleton, skel-e-tol'o-gy, that 
branch of anatomy which treats of the skeleton, 
skel'e-ton-ize. skel-e-to-poe'i a, skel-e-to-pe'i a, 
anatomy which treats of the preparation and con- 
stnjction of skeletons, skebe-to-troph'ic, relating 
to the skeleton and its blood-supply, 
skel-e-tot'o-py, skel-et'o-py. A term used by Wal- 
deyer for the relation between a part or organ and 
the whole bony skeleton, fskel-e-to-top'ic. 
Skene’s gland or tube. Either of two tubular glands 
situated just within the urinary meatus of the 
female; paraurethral ducts. They are probably 
the rudiments of the wolffian duct, developing 
into the seminal vesicles, 
skew sight. = Dysopsia lateralis. 
ski'a-graph, ski'a-gram. = Rontgenogram. [< 
OKid shadowto write. ^I.M.M.’g6.] 
tski-ag'ra-pher. 

ski-ag'ra-phy. =R6 ntgenography. 
ski-am'e-ter. A device for measuring the intensity 
of X-rays and recognizing the differences in 
RONTGENOGRAMs; actinometer. fski-am'e-try. 
ski*ap-o-res'co-py. = Skiascopy, def. i. 
ski-as'co-py. i. A method of determining the re¬ 
fraction of the eye by examining the movements 
of light and shadow across the pupil when the 
retina is illuminated by light thrown into the 
eye from a moving mirror; skiaporescopy; reti- 
noscopy. 2. = Rontgenoscopy, fski'a-scope. 
ski-a-ther'a-py. = Rontgenotherapy. 
skim milk. Milk from which the cream has been 
removed, leaving only i or 2% of fatty matter. 
Skim'mia. A genus of rutaceous plants. From 
the bark of 5 . japon'ica is obtained a glucoside, 
skim'min, similar to scopoleine and esculin. Its 
alkaloid, skim-mi'a-nine, in sufficient doses causes 
paralysis of the heart. 

skin. The external investment of the Vjody, made 
up of the epidermis and the corium. The epi¬ 
dermis or epithelial layer (called also cuticle and 
scarf-skin) is made up, from without inward, ot 
the homy layer (stra'tum cor'neum) ; several 
layers of transparent cells (stra'tum lu'cidum, 
Oehl's layer) ; a granular layer {stra'tum granu- 
lo'sum, Langerhans's layer) ; and the mucous 
layer {stra'tum muco'sum, Malpighian layer, 
re'te muco'sum, re'te Malpi'ghii), the more super¬ 
ficial cells of which are connected by prickle- 
cells {prickle-layer). The true skin, or corium 
(called also derma and cutis vera), separated from 
the epidermis by a basement membrane, consists 
of connective tissue in two layers. Of these the 






SKLERODERMA 


894 


SLING 


superficial or papillary layer consists of small 
papillae filled with the terminations of nerves and 
blood-vessels, the deeper or reticular layer is made 
up of closely interlacing fibrous bundles. Beneath 
the corium lies the subcutaneous tissue, usually 
containing fat. ^Glossy s.; goldbeaters’ s.; 

PARCHMENT S. ; WASH-LEATHER S. S.sbone, a 

bony plate or scale found within the skin. S.= 
bound, having the skin drawn tightly over the 
flesh. S.sbound disease, a peculiar condition of 
infants, in which the skin becomes tense, and as 
if too tight for the body, which is swelled and 
hard beneath its surface, Sclerema neona¬ 
torum. S. cracks, lineaj albicantes. S.s 
flap, a flap cut from tVie skin in amputations or 
in plastic operations. S.sgrafting, the operation 
of transplanting healthy skin from the body of 
the same or another person to a wounded sur¬ 
face, in order to form a new skin. S.sgrafting 
scissors, combined forceps and scissors, the for¬ 
mer for holding while the latter cuts off a piece 
of skin. S.splanting = S. -GRAFTING. S.spupillary 
reflex, dilatation of the pupil upon stimulation of 
the skin of the neck. S. reflex — platysma re¬ 
flex. S.sshedding — keratolysis. S.=trans- 
plantation = DERMATOPLASTY. [Old Ger. schin.] 
skle-ro-der'ma. = Scleroderma. 

Sko'da’s (sko-da'ic) consonating rales. Bronchial 
rales observed in pneumonia. S.’s resonance, sign, 
or tympany. A hyper-resonant percussion-note 
having a certain amount of tympanitic quality: 
heard characteristically over the relaxed lung 
above a pleural exudate (especially just below 
the clavicle), also in some cases of consolidation 
of the lower lobe, as in pneumonia. It is usually 
considered to be due to the atonic condition of 
the lung tissue in these conditions, the air as a 
whole vibrating as if confined in a loose bag. 
[Joseph Skoda, Bohemian physician, 1805-1881.] 
sko’li-o-si-om'e-ter. Scoliosiometry. 
sko-li-o'sis. = Scoliosis. 

Skoo'kum chuck. A homoeopathic remedy prepared 
from the salts of a spring of the same name: used 
in cutaneous diseases. 

skop-o-pho'bia. Fear of spies, 
sko'to - graph, sko'to-gram. = Rontgenogram. 
t sko-tog'ra-phy. 

skull. The bony frame-work of the head; the cra¬ 
nium and the bones of the face. (See illustration, 
next column.) S.ssaw, a trephine, 
skullcap. I. The upper part of the skull; the cal¬ 
varia*', sinciput*', bregma. 2. = Scutellaria*. 
skunk cabbage. =Dracontium fcetidum. 
slack of the optic nerve. The surplus length of the 
optic nerve, admitting a certain amount of play 
of the ball. It averages 5.6 millimetres, 
slake. I. To quench. 2. To separate into integrant 
parts. Jslaked, as 5 . lime, white powder ob¬ 
tained by pouring water on quicklime, 
slant. A test-tube sloping surface of agar; used 
also for S.sculture, a bacterial culture-tube allowed 
to solidify while slanted. 

slap'ping. A manipulation in massage. S. pulse = 

JERKING PULSE. 

slaugh'tershouse. A place for killing animals for 
food. e^ABATTOIR. 
slav'er-ing. Salivary dribbling, 
sleep. That state of the body in which the func¬ 
tions of sensation and volition are suspended, 
while the vital functions retain their usual ac¬ 
tivity: the operations of the mind, if not at 
perfect rest, are disconnected from external ob¬ 


jects. Sleep has been divided into four stages- 
preliminary, hypnagogic, dream-, and deep sleep, 
r®- Hypnotism. S.sdrunkenness, incoherent ex¬ 
citement in persons partially asleep. ^ Night 

TERRORS. S.sepilepsy = NARCOLEPSY. S.sinducing, 
HYPNOTIC. S.sparalysis, paralysis caused by 
pressure during sleep. S.5walking = somnambu¬ 
lism. fsleep'ing, as 5 . sickness or dropsy = 
TRYPANOSOMIASIS. slcep'less-ness = insomnia. 
slee'py, as S. disease = narco'lepsy , and S. stag¬ 
gers, drowsiness in the horse, with staggering 
gait, symptomatic of brain disease. 



Skull. — i. Frontal bone. 2. Parietal bone. 3. Squamous 
portion of temporal bone. 4. Great wing of sphe¬ 
noid bone. 5. Ethmoid bone. 6. Maxilla. 7. Malar 
bone. 8. Lachrymal bone. 9. Nasal bone. 10. Man¬ 
dible. a. Orbital plate of the frontal bone. b. Tem¬ 
poral surface, c. Orbital surface of the great wing of 
the sphenoid bone. d. Mastoid portion of the temporal 
bone. e. Orbital surface of the malar bone. f. Orbital 
plate of the maxilla, g. Infra-orbital foramen, h. 
Mental foramen, i. Symphysis, j. Ramus, k. Coro- 
noid process. 1 . Condyloid process, m. Angle, n. 
Lachrymal fossa. (Leidy.) 

slen'der column or fasciculus. = Funiculus gra¬ 
cilis. S. fasciculus of Go11 = Goll’s column. 
S. lobe, that portion of the inferior surface of the 
cerebellar hemisphere which is between the bi¬ 
ventral and posterior inferior lobes. S. process, 
a long, slender spiculum of bone projecting from 
the anterior aspect of the neck of the malleus; 
folian process; gracile process; long process; pro¬ 
cessus gracilis; processus tenuis; processus ante¬ 
rior \Folii\*. 

slide. A plate of glass on which objects are placed 
for examination by the microscope, fs- Hanging- 
drop; WARM STAGE. S.sculture, abacterial cul¬ 
ture made on a microscopic slide. 

sli'ding flap. An amputation flap which is moved 
into its new position by sliding. S. microtome, 
a MicROToitE in which the knife is clamped to a 
metal block which slides upon a track and carries 
the cutting edge over the tissue to be sectioned. 

slime'sbath. A bath containing the slimy deposits 
of organic matter found in stagnant water. 

sling. A bandage or apparatus used to support the 
weight of the upper extremity, usually with the 
forearm bent on the arm, and, more rarely, the 
weight of the lower limb. S.sbone, the astrag¬ 
alus'. S. of the lenticular nucleus, a tract of 
nerve-fibres passing beneath the optic thalamus 
to enter the lenticular nucleus; ansa nuclei len- 
ticularis; ansa lenticularis*. 






SLIPPERY ELM 


895 


SNAP FINGER 


slip'per-y elm. =Ulmus. Fremontia. 
sloe. = PRUNUS SPINOSA. 

slough (sluf). A sphacelated part of the body, 
eventually separating from the rest, the dead 
material being pushed off by granulations form¬ 
ing beneath it. tsloughing, as 5. phagedcEna = 
HOSPITAL GANGRENE and 5 . ulcer, an ulcer which 
rapidly enlarges and spreads by inflammatory 
destruction of its edges, with a dark, bloody dis¬ 
charge and formation of a gray, shreddy slough; 
phagedenic ulcer. It is also accompanied by 
headache, fever, thirst, and deranged secretions, 
slow fever. A continued fever occurring almost ex¬ 
clusively during the warm months and lasting 
from one to ten weeks; typho*malarial fever; 
simple continued fever; remittent malaria fever; 
Willacoochee fever; continued fever; bilious 
fever; typhoid fever. [Tj J.A.M.A. ij. ’07.] S. 
heart = bradycardia. S.pulse = pulsus tardus. 
sludge. The solid residue remaining after sewage 
has been treated chemically. ^ A. B. C. method. 
sluggish layer. The layer of bloodscorpuscles which 
in their passage through the capillaries move 
slowly and temporarily adhere to the sides, 
slurred speech. An abnormality of speech in which 
the words are slurred over and uncompleted or 
“clipped” off; clipped speech: seen in general 
paralysis of the insane. 

Sm. The symbol for samarium. 
small of the back. The lumbar region. S. intestine, 
intestine. S. omentum, omentum. S. 
pancreas, a small mass having a structure similar 
to that of the pancreas, sometimes seen beneath 
it. S. pelvis = pelvis, true. S, pulse, a pulse 
in which the pulsations are both slender and 
weak. S. red granular kidney = arterioscle¬ 
rotic KIDNEY. S. white kidney, a kidney in the 
last stage of lardaceous degeneration after the 
loss of substance from atrophy, 
small'age. = Apium graveolens. 
small'scelled nucleus, i. —Principal auditory 
NUCLEUS. 2. = Sensory nucleus, def. i. 
small'pox. = Variola. 
smart'sweed. = Polygonum hydropiper. 
smear culture. A bacteriological culture made by 
smearing the bacteria over a culture. 

Smee cell. A galvanic cell in which the generating 
plate is zinc, the collecting plate platinized silver, 
and the fluid dilute sulphuric acid, 
smeg'ma. Sebum, especially, the offensive soap^like 
substance produced from the sebaceous follicles 
around the glans penis and prepuce ( 5 . prcepu'- 
tii*) and in the region of the clitoris ^S. cliior'- 
idis*) and labia minora. S. bacillus = bacillus 
smegmatis. S. embryo'num = vernix casrosa. 
[< soap.] fsnieg-mat'ic. 

smeg*ma-tor-rhoe'a. = Stearrhcea. 
smell. I. The sense by which odor is perceived. 
Anosmia; olfaction; parosmia. 2. An odor, 
tsmell'ing, as = olfactory centre, 

and S.^salts, any pungent, irritant salt, especially 
ammonium carbonate prepared with some agree¬ 
able perfume: used as a stimulant by inhalation. 
SpIRITUS AMMONI/E aromaticus*. 

Smel'lie's forceps. A form of locked midwifery 
forceps. S.’s scissors, a form used in craniotomy, 
smelt'ingshouse smoke. Crude arsenious acid. 
Smi'lax. A genus of smilaceous climbing shrubs or 
herbs. ^Sarsaparilla*. S. as'pera, the plant 
supposed to produce Italian sarsaparilla. S. 
chi'na, Chinasroot. S. glau'ca, a plant, a 
native of New Jersey, Virginia, etc. It is said to 


have virtues similar to those of sarsaparilla. S. 
med'ica, a native of Mexico, one of the plants 
from which sarsaparilla is obtained. S. oflicina'- 
lis, one of the species from which sarsaparilla* 
is obtained. It furnishes smi'la-cin = parillin. 
S. pseudo=chi'na, a species of North America, re¬ 
puted to be more efficacious in syphilis than the 
imported sarsaparillas. [ < aplAa^ bindweed.] 
smile. A happy or joyful expression. Levator or 
nasal s., a term given by W. R. Gowers to the 
peculiar expression resulting from absence of 
normal movement at the corners of the mouth. 
Smith’s fracture. Fracture of the lower end of the 
radius an inch or more from the articular surface. 
S.’s operation in, i. The crushing of hemorrhoids 
with a clamp and subsequent application of 
Paquelin’s cautery. 2. An operation for cataract. 
S.’s sign, the murmur heard over the sternum 
when the chin is drawn up: it occurs in bronchitis. 
S.’s solution of bromine = liquor bromi. S.’s 
test, a green color on treating bile pigment with 
tincture of iodine. 

Smith’s (Eustace) disease. = Mucocolitis. 
smiths’ cramp or spasm. Spasm of the muscles of 
the arm and hand, analogous to writers’ cramp, 
due to the occupation of blacksmithing. 
smoke nuisance. Abnorrhally great pollution of 
the air by smoke from chimneys, 
smo'kers’ cancer. = Clayspipe cancer. Ss. ’ dys¬ 
pepsia = NICOTIANIC DYSPEPSIA. Ss.’ patchcS, 
white patches on the mouth, lips, and tongue, an 
affection of the mucous membrane due to exces¬ 
sive tobaccossmoking. Ss.’ sore throat, a catar¬ 
rhal condition of the pharynx and larynx in 
habitual smokers. Ss.’ tongue. Ss.’ vertigo, verti¬ 
go in smokers, occurring usually after middle life, 
and affecting those smoking before meals, 
smo'ky urine. Darkscolored urine, sometimes seen 
in nephritis, and due to the presence of a small 
quantity of blood: it also occurs in carboluria. 
smooth. Free from asperities or hairs or any un¬ 
evennesses; glabrous. S. leprosy = lepra an.es- 
thetica. S. muscle, non=striated muscle. S. 
wart = VERRUCA glabra. 

smudg'ing. Omission or slurring of difficult con¬ 
sonants: a defect of speech, 
smut. =USTILAG0. 

Smyr'na galls. An inferior quality of galls from 
Turkey. S. opium, Turkish opium exported from 
Smyrna: the most abundant variety. 

Sn. The symbol for tin (L. stan'num). 
snag tooth. A long, irregular tooth. Jsnag'gles 
teeth, irregular or oblique dentition, 
snail track. An aphthous patch or streak on the 
throat sometimes seen in secondary syphilis, 
snake. A reptile of the order Ophidia. Besides the 
RATTLESNAKE only three poisonous species of 
snake exist in the U. S.: (i) the coral snake, 
having only a narrow range of distribution in the 
southern part of the country and characterized 
by its brilliant markings, (2) the water moccasin, 
and (3) the copperhead, both of which latter are 
distinguished by a deep pit between the eye and 
nostril and by undivided ventral scales on the 
tail, r®- Antivenomous SERUM ; VENOM. S.shead, 
the plant Chelo'ne gla'bra. S.spoison, ^ venom. 
S.sweed, a name for Polyg'onum Bistor'ta. 
snake'sroot. (S- Polygala senega; Sanicula mar- 
iLANDiCA. Black s. = CiMiciFUGA racemosa; 
Sanicula marilandica. Virginia s., a common 
name for Aristolo'chia serpenta'ria. 
snap finger. = Spring finger. 


SNARE 


SODII 


89 () 


Snares. 

sneez'ing. A convulsive action of the respiratory 
muscles, caused by irritation of some part of the 
lining membrane of the nostrils: sternutation. It 
may usually be reflexly controlled by pressing 
with the fingers on both sides of the nose, on the 
upper lip, on the palate, etc. S. centre, the nerve* 
centre controlling sneezing: it is the expiration* 
centre. Pregnancy s., spasmodic sneezing fits due 
to hyperaemia of the nasal mucosa during preg¬ 
nancy, 

Snel'len’s forceps. A forceps for fixing the eyelid 
while removing a tumor from it. S.’s types, a 
variety of oculists’ teststypes. 
sniff'ing bronchophony, Bronchophonv. 
snif'fles. = Snuffles. 

snore, ts- Stertor. fsnor'ing, as 5 . rAle — sono¬ 
rous r.Ile. 

snow'ballstree. = Viburnum opulus 
snow'sblind-ness. Dimness of vision and irrita¬ 
tion from the glare of the sun on snow, 
snow'sshoe disease. A painful affection of the feet 
occurring in those who take long journeys on 
snowsshoes. 

snuff. Any medicinal powder to be snuffed up the 
nose. S.sbox space = anatomists’ snuff-box. 
snuf'fles. Inflammation of the nasal mucous mem¬ 
brane in infants, especially those affected with 
congenital syphilis, Coryza syphilitica. 
so'a-min. = Atoxyl. 

soap'* A compound of one or more fatty acids with 
a salifiable base, formed by the action of an 
alkali upon a fat or oil. es- Sapo*. Soaps may be 
soluble or insoluble. In the former class the 
alkali is either potash, .soda, or ammonia; in the 
latter it is an earth or a metallic oxide. The 
sodium soaps are “hard”; those of potassium, 
“ soft.” Soaps are named according to the alkali 
used in saponifying, as Potash s., Soda s., etc., or 
according to the medicinal substance incorpo¬ 
rated in them, as Arsenical s.. Carbolic acid s., 
Guaiac s,. Zinc s., etc. S.sbark = Quillaja*. 
•S.sberry = Sapindus saponaria. Castile s. = 


SAPO*, def. 2. Cerate s. = ceratum saponis. 
Gray s. = sapo cinereus. Green s. = sapo 
MOLLIS*. S. of guaiac, soap of potash and guaiac. 
Hard s., soda soap. S. liniment = linimentum 
SAPONIS*. S.snut = Sapindus saponaria. S. 
plaster = EMPLASTRUM SAPONIS*. Soft s., potas¬ 
sium soap, fsoap'y, as S. = large white 

KIDNEY, def. 2, [if J. M. Research, xx. ’09.] 
soap'wort. = Saponaria officinalis. 
sob. A convulsive inspiration due to contraction of 
the diaphragm and closure of the glottis, 
so-cal'o-in. A variety of aloin, CjjHjgO-, obtained 
from Socotrine aloes. 

so'ci a parot'idis. An accessory portion of the 
parotid gland which is frequently found upon the 
masseter and is connected with the duct while on 
that muscle; glandula paroiis accessorial. 
so'ci al evil. = Prostitution. 

so-ci'e-ty screw. A standard thread for objectives. 
Socin’s paste (so-sanz'). A mixture of i part of 
zinc chloride with 10 parts each of zinc oxide 
and distilled water. 

so-ci-ol'o-gy. The science of social relations and 
phenomena. 

sock'et. A hollow in a part into which another part 
fits, as 5 . of the hip, S. of the eye, etc. S. artic¬ 
ulation = GOMPHOSIS. 

so-cor'dia. = Hallucination. [< L. silly.] 

soc'o-trine aloes. = Aloe socotrina. 
so'da. I, The 1890 U.S.P. name for soDii hydrox- 
IDUM*. 2 One or another of the sodium salts, 
especially the carbonate or the bicarbonate. S. 
alum, the double sulphate of aluminum and 
sodium. S. ash, impure sodium carbonate. 
Baking s., sodium bicarbonate. Caustic s. — 
SODII HYDROxiDU.M*. Chlorinated s., liquor 

soD^ chlorinate*. S. cum cal'ce, the N. F. 
name for London paste. S. mint, a mixture of 
sodium bicarbonate anti spearmint water, cr- 
Mistura sode et menthe. S. paper, paper 
saturated with sodium carbonate: used as a test- 
paper. S. soap, soap in which soda is the saponi¬ 
fying alkali. Washing s., sodium carbonate. S.* 
water, a beverage formed by water which is im¬ 
pregnated with more carbonic acid than is suffi¬ 
cient for saturation. It is more properly called 
Carbonic acid water, fso-da'ic; so'dic. 
so-dam'ide. A crystalline substance, NHjNa, formed 
from ammonia gas and sodium, 
so'dii. The genitive of L. so'diurn. S. ace'tas*, 
sodium acetate, NaC2H302-f-3H20, a salt in the 
form of colorless crystals, efflorescent in dry air, 
and wholly soluble in water. It is diuretic, but 
is rarely used as a medicine. Dose, i Gm. (15 
grs.). 15 - Kaiserling’s SOLUTIONS. S. ar'senas* 
sodium arsenate, Na2HAsO^-f-7H2O. It is in the 
form of colorless, transparent, monoclinic crystals, 
soluble in r to 2 parts of water at 25® C. (77° F.). 
In medical properties this salt agrees with the 
other preparations of arsenic. Dose, 0.005 
(tV g^-)- Liquor sodii arsenatis*. S. ar'¬ 
senas exsicca'tus*, exsiccated or dried sodium 
arsenate, i. e., deprived of the water of crystalli¬ 
zation and hence nearly twice as strong as the 
crystals. Dose, 0.003 Gm. gr.). S. ben'toas*, 
sodium benzoate, NaC7H502, a white, semi=crys- 
talline, or amorphous powder, soluble in 1.6 parts 
of water: used in phthisis, gout, and rheumatism, 
for the purpose of eliminating uric acid. It is 
also commended in puerperal fever. Dose, i Gm. 
(15 S. bicarbo'nas*, sodium bicarbonate, 

NaHCO,, a white, opaque powder, permanent in 



snare. A noose or loop of wire which can be thrown 
around a tumor or other growth in order to 
remove it. Galvanocaustic or hot s., a galvano- 
cautery loop used to burn its way 
through a growth. 

snarl'ing muscle. The levator labii 
superioris. 

sneer'ing muscle. The levator labii 
superioris alaeque nasi muscle, 
sneeze. A sudden and violent expi¬ 
ration through the nose and mouth 
with an audible sound, 
sneeze'weed. Any plant of the genus 
Hele'nium. 










SODII 


897 


SODIUM 


the air, and soluble in 12 parts of cold water. It 
is antacid. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). Mistura 

RHEI ET SOD^*; TROCHISCI SODII BICARBONATIS*. 

S. bicarbo'nas vena'lis, “ commercial sodium bi¬ 
carbonate.” S. bisul'phis*, sodium bisulphite, 
NaHSOg, a salt which occurs in opaque, prismatic 
crystals, or a crystalline or granular powder, sol¬ 
uble in four parts of water. Its medical proper¬ 
ties are those of the sulphites generally. Dose, 
0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). S. bo'ras*, sodium borate, 
Na2B,0--hioH20. or borax, a white, crystalline 
substance, soluble in water. When brought in 
contact with a mucous membrane it exerts a 
peculiar detergent, mild stimulant, or alterative 
action. It is a useful remedy in infantile diar¬ 
rhoea, in ulcerations of the mouth, etc. It is said 
to be diuretic. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). S. 
boroben'zoas, the N. F. name for a mixture of 3 
parts of sodium borate with 4 parts of sodium 
benzoate. S. brom'idum*, sodium bromide, NaBr, 
occurring in small, colorless or white, cubical 
crystals, or a crystalline powder, permanent in 
dry air, and soluble in 1.7 parts of water. Its 
medical properties are like those of potassium 
bromide, but less powerful in action and much 
less depressant to the circulation. Dose, i Gm. 
(15 grs.). S. carbo'nas, the 1890 U. S. P. name for 
SODIUM CARBONATE. S. carbo'nas monohydra'- 
tus*, monohydrated sodium carbonate, Na-^COgF 
H2O, a white, crystalline, granular powder, hav¬ 
ing a strongly alkaline taste. It should contain 
not less than 85% of pure anhydrous sodium car¬ 
bonate, corresponding to not less than 99.5% of 
the crystallized monohydrated salt. It is soluble 
in 1.6 parts of water. It is an antacid, and is 
much employed in diseases attended with acidity 
of the stomach, such as gout, uric*acid gravel, 
and certain forms of dyspepsia. Dose, 0.25 Gm. 
(4 grs.). S. carbo'nas exsicca'tus,the 1890 U. S. P. 
name for exsiccated sodium carbonate. S. chlo'- 
ras*, sodium chlorate, NaClOg, a salt occurring 
in colorless tetrahedrons, permanent in dry air, 
and soluble in water. Its medical properties are 
similar to those of potassium chlorate and the 
same precautions to avoid explosions must be 
taken. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs,). S. chlor'idum*, 
sodium chloride, NaCl, or common salt, a white 
salt, permanent in dry air, and almost equally 
soluble in cold and in boiling water. In large 
doses salt is purgative and emetic. Dose, as an 
emetic, 16 Gm. (240 grs.). S. cit'ras*, sodium 
citrate, 2Na3CgHgOy-}-1 iHgO: antilithic, diuretic, 
refrigerant. DovSe, i Gm. (15 grs.). S. hydrox'- 
idum*, sodium hydroxide or hydrate, NaOH; 
soda of the 1890 U. S. P.: caustic soda. It is a 
white, hard, opaque solid, having an intensely 
acrid and caustic taste and an alkaline reaction 
and is soluble in about i part of cold water. It 
is used externally as a caustic. S. hypophos'phis*, 
sodium hypophosphite, NaPH^Og-l-HgO, a salt 
having the same general effects as the other 
hypophosphites. Dose, i Gm, (15 grs.), la- 
Syrupus hypophosphitum*; syrupus hypophos- 
PHiTUM coMPOSiTus*. S. hyposul'phis, the 1890 
U. S. P. name for sodii thiosulphas*. S. iod'- 
idum*, sodium iodide, Nal, colorless or white, cu¬ 
bical crystals, or a crystalline powder, soluble in 
water. It has the same therapeutic effects and is 
used in the same diseases as potassium iodide. 
Dose, 0.5 Gm.(7^grs.). S. ni'tras*, sodium nitrate, 
NaNOg, a salt formerly used in the treatment of 
dvsentery. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). S. ni'tris*, 
57 


sodium nitrite, NaNOg, a white, crystalline com¬ 
pound, used in epilepsy and angina pectoris. Dose, 
0.065 Gm. (i gr.). is-Spiritus >etheris nitrosi*. 
S. phenolsul'phonas*, sodium phenolsulphonate, 
NaCgHg04S-i-2H20; the sodii sulphocarbolas of 
the 1890U. S. P.; sodium paraphenolsulphonate. 
It has been used in zymotic diseases. Dose, 0.25 
Gm. (4 grs.). S. phos'phas*, sodium phosphate 
or disorthophosphate, NagHPO^ + 12H2O, a salt of 
phosphoric acid and sodium. It occurs in color¬ 
less, monoclinic prisms, which speedily effloresce 
on exposure to air, and are soluble in water. It 
is a mild purgative, of a pure saline taste, and is 
well adapted to the cases of children and per¬ 
sons of delicate stomach. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 
S. phos'phas efferves'cens*, effervescent sodium 
phosphate, made of 200 parts by weight of ex¬ 
siccated sodium phosphate, 477 parts of sodium 
bicarbonate, 252 parts of tartaric acid, and 162 
parts of citric acid. Dose, 8 Gm. (120 grs.). S. 
phos'phas exsicca'tus*, exsiccated sodium phos¬ 
phate, Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). S. pyrophos'- 
phas*, sodium pyrophosphate, Na^PgO^-f loHgO, 
a salt of pyrophosphoric acid and sodium. It oc¬ 
curs in colorless, monoclinic prisms, permanent in 
the air, and soluble in water. It was introduced 
into the Pharmacopoeia on account of its use in 
the process for making iron pyrophosphate. Do.se, 

2 Gm. (30 grs.). S. salicy'las*, sodium salicylate, 
NaC^HgOg. It occurs in small, white, crystalline 
plates, or a crystalline powder, permanent in the 
air, and soluble in water. Its therapeutic action 
and use are those of salicylic acid, except that the 
salt is not locally irritating, and, being soluble, is 
more rapidly absorbed. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). S. 
santoni'nas, the 1880 U. S. P. name for sodium 
santoninate. S. sul'phas*, sodium sulphate, 
Na2S04-f loHgO, called also Glauber's salt, a 
substance in colorless crystals, which rapidly 
effloresce on exposure to the air and ultimately 
fall into a white powder. It is one of the most 
efficient saline cathartics, nearly resembling in its 
general properties magnesium sulphate, or Ep¬ 
som salt; but the latter is less disagreeable to the 
taste and therefore more generally used. Dose, 

8 to 16 Gm. (120 to 240 grs.). S. sul'phis*, sodi¬ 
um sulphite, NagSOg-f 7H2O, a salt in white, ef¬ 
florescent, monoclinic, prismatic crystals, soluble 
in 4 parts of cold and in less than i part of boil¬ 
ing water. This salt has been used in cases of 
yeasty vomiting with success. Dose, i Gm. (15 
grs.). S. sulphocarbo'las, the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for SODII PHENOLSULPHONAS*. S. thiosul'phas*, 
sodium thiosulphate, NagSgOg-f-5HgO; sodii hy- 
posulphis of the 1890 U. S. P. It occurs in large, 
colorless, monoclinic prisms or plates, efflorescent 
in dry air, and soluble in water. It is used ir 
lotions as a remedy for eczema, lichen, and psori¬ 
asis. Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). 
so'di 0-. Relating to or containing sodium: a com¬ 
bining form. [KG. so'dium.] so’di-o=au'ric, con¬ 
taining sodium and gold, as S.^a. chloride = wm 
ET SODII CHLORIDUM*. — so*di-o-ben'zo-ate, a ben¬ 
zoate of sodium and another element, as S. of caf¬ 
feine = CAFFEINE SODIOBENZOAS. - S 0 ‘di- 0 -Cit'- ' 

rate, so’di-o-tar'trate, a citrate (or tartrate) of 
sodium and another element, 
so'di um, gen. so'dii. A brilliant, monatomic silvers 
white metal, discovered by Davy in 1808, resem¬ 
bling potassium in its general characters. It is 
soft, malleable, fusible at 96° C. (204° F,), and 
burns when heated in contact with air. Its sp. 


SODIUM 


898 


SODIUM 


gr. is 0.97; at, wt., 22.88; symb., Na (L. natri¬ 
um). Besides the sodium compounds given below 
many others are used in medicine and in the arts, 
S. acetanilide sulphonate, a white crystalline com¬ 
pound used in place of antipyrine. S. acetate = 
soon ACETAS*. S. acetsulphanilate = cosAPRiN. 
S. amalgam, a silverswhite mass obtained by add¬ 
ing small pieces of sodium to mercury heated to 
198° C, (388° F.). S. aniline arsenate = atoxyl. 
S. anisate, an antipyretic, antirheumatic, and 
analgesic. S. anthrapurpurate, a compound 
used as a dye. S. arsan'ilate = atoxyl. S. 
arsenate = sbnii arsenas*. S. arsenotartrate, a 
soluble compound of sodium and arsenic: used 
in skin diseases, etc. S. asparaginate, NaC^HgNO^- 
-fHjO, in form of rhombic needles. S. aurate, a 
nonsirritant local antiseptic prepared by dissolv¬ 
ing I Gm. of gold chloride in 50 Cc. of distilled 
water and adding a 5% aqueous solution of sodium 
hydrate until a faintly alkaline reaction results. 
S. aurochloride = AURi et sodii chloridum*. S. 
benzoate = soDii benzoas*. S. benzosulphinide, 
a sodium salt of saccharin used as an antiseptic. 
Dose, as intestinal antiseptic, i Gm. (15 grs.); in 
ocular affections applied in i to 3 to 6% aqueous 
solution. S. bicarbonate = SODII bicarbonas*. 
S. bismuth citropyroborate, a compound used in 
dyspepsia and gastralgia. S. bisulphate, colorless 
crystals, NaHSO^ + HgO: added to drinking water 
(3 parts to 10,000) to prevent typhoid infection 
among troops. S. bisulphite = sodii bisulphis*. 
S. bitartrate, NaHC4H40g-t-H20, used chiefly as a 
reagent. S. bisurate, a salt found in certain 
gouty deposits and held to be the etiologic factor 
in the arthritic manifestations of gout. S. borate 
= sodii boras*. S. borobenzoate = sodii boro- 
BENZOAS. S. borosalicylate = borsalyl. S. boro- 
tartrate, a mixture of sodium tartrate and borax: 
antiseptic and diuretic. Dose, 2 to 8 Gm. (30 to 
120 grs.). S. bromide = SODII bromidum*. S. 
cacodylate, a white, amorphous powder, (0113)2- 
AsO.ONa + 3H2O; sodium dimethylarsenate: 
used in anaemia, chlorosis, etc., like the arsenates 
but far less toxic. S. and caffeine sulphonate = 
SYMPHOROL. S. cantharidate, a white, crystal¬ 
line antiseptic and antituberculous powder, Na2- 
CjoHj^Og-l-2H2O. Hypodermic dose, 0.2 to 0.36 
Cc. (3 to 6 mins.) of a 6 to 10000 solution. S. 
carbamate =THERMiFUGiN. S. carbolate = S. 
PHENATE. S. carbonate, sodii carbonas of the 
1890 U. S. P,, Na2C03-l-10H2O, a salt in large, 
colorless, monoclinic crystals which rapidly efflor¬ 
esce in dry air and fall into a white powder. 
S. carbonate, monohydrated = sodii carbonas 

MONOHYDRATUS*. S. Chlorate = SODII CHLORAS*. 
S. chloride = SODII CHLORIDUM*. S. chloroborate, 
a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, 
and boric acid: used in typhoid fever and dysen¬ 
tery and as a preservative. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs). 
S. choleate, a yellowish»white powder from ox* 
gall: tonic, laxative, and cholagogic. Dose, 0.3 
to 0.6 Gm. (5 to 10 grs.). S. cinnamate, a syn¬ 
thetic cinnamate used hypodermically in phthisis. 
Dose, 0.01 Gm. gr.) gradually increased to 
0.06 Gm. (i gr.). S. citrate = SODII citras*. S. 
citrobenzoate, a mixture of sodium citrate and 
sodium benzoate: antiseptic, diuretic, antilithic. 
Dose, 0.5 to I Gm. (8 to 15 grs.). S. citrophos- 
phate, MELACHOL. S. copaivate, a crystalline 
compound, NaC2oH2902, made by combining 
copaivic acid and soda: said to be the most 
efficient preparation of copaiva. S. corallinate 


= S. ROSOLATE. S. cresotate, car S. paracreso- 
TATE. S. cresoxylacetate, cs- kresin. S. cresy- 
late, an alkaline antiseptic. S. cyanide, a 
white, crystalline powder used as a sedative. 
Dose, 0.003 to 0.015 Gm. to \ gr.). S. diaph- 
tholate, a disinfectant. S". dichromate, an anti¬ 
septic, astringent, corrosive, and alterative, used 
in syphilis. Dose, 0.005 to 0.01 to 0.02 Gm. (y\ 
to i to ^ gr.). S. disiodosalicylate, an antiseptic 
and analgesic, used externally in parasitic skin dis¬ 
eases. Dose, in rheumatism, 0.2 to 0.36 Gm. (3 
to 6 grs.). S. dimethylarsenate = S. cacodylate. 
S. dioxide = S. peroxide. S. dithionate = S. hypo- 
sulphate. S. dithiosalicylate = dithione. S. 
ethylate, a white powder, C2H50Na, with escha- 
rotic properties: u.sed in some forms of naevus. 
Chloroform arrests its action. S. ethylsulphate, a 
cathartic, NaCjHgSO^-l-HjO; sodium sulphovin- 
ate. Dose, 4 to 30 Gm. (i to 8 drs.). S. fluoben- 
zoate, an antiseptic powder used in lupus and 
tubercular processes. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (8 grs.). 
S. fluoride, NaF, used internally in epilepsy, 
malaria, tuberculosis, etc., and externally in skin 
diseases. Dose, 0.005 to o.oi Gm. to ^ gr.); 
as a mouth*wash and in vaginitis, in a 0.5% to 
1% solution. S. fluosilicate = S. silicofluor- 
IDE. S. formate, a white, deliquescent, crystalline 
powder, NaCH02-l-H2O: antiseptic, diuretic, anti¬ 
tuberculous, etc. S. glycerinoborate, an antiseptic 
mixture obtained by heating 40 parts of borax 
with 60 parts of glycerin. S. glycerinophosphate, 
a yellowish viscid liquid, Na2C3HYPOg-f H2O: used 
in neurasthenia, Addison’s disease, phosphatu- 
ria, etc. Dose, 0.25 to 0.6 Gm. (4 to 10 grs.). 
S. glycocholate, a sodium salt of glycocholic 
acid, NaC25H42NOg: given to increase the flow of 
the bile. Dose, 4 to 5 Gm. (60 to 75 grs.) a 
day. S. gynocardate, a yellowish powder, NaC,^- 
H23O2, used in leprosy. Dose, 0.3 to i Gm. (5 to 
15 grs.). S. hippurate, a white powder, NaCgHg- 
NO3: said to be a solvent for urates in gout 
and gravel. S. hydroxide or hydrate = sodii 
HYDRoxiDUM*. S. hypophosphite = SODII hypo- 
phosphis*. S. hyposulphate, rhombic crystals of 
Na2S203; sodium dithionate. S. hyposulphite = 
SODII thiosulphis*. S. ichthyol, sodium ichthy- 
olsulphonate, a derivative of ichthyol containing 
sodium instead of ammonium. S. indigotin sul¬ 
phonate = indigo*carmin. S. iodate, a white 
powder, NalOg: may be used instead of potas¬ 
sium iodide and iodoform. S. iodide = sodii 
lODiDUM*. S. kousseinate, a sodium salt of kous- 
sein: taenifuge. Dose, i to 4 Gm. (15 to 60 grs.) 
in 4 parts at intervals of ^ hour. S. lactate, a 
thick, syrupy liquid, NaC3H503: hypnotic. Dose, 
8 to 15 Gm. (2 to 4 drs.) in water. S. lygosinate, 
the sodium salt of disortho»oxydibenzylacetone; 
lygosine: the powder may cause sneezing and is 
used similarly to the silver salts in gonorrhoea. 
S. metavanadate, an alterative and anticachectic. 
NaVOj. Dose, 0.001 to 0.008 Gm. to ^ gr.). 
S. methylarsenate, a very active arsenical prepa¬ 
ration. Dose, 0.03 to o.i Gm. to i gr.) per 
day hypodermically. S. methylarsenite = neo* 
ARSYcoDiL. S. naphthol or naphtholate = micro- 
ciDiNE. S. nitrate = SODII NiTRAS*. S. nitrite = 
SODII NiTRis*. S. nitroprusside, ruby»red crystals: 
used in photometry, in testing silk, and in Legal’s 
TEST. S. nucleinate, a white powder from yeast 
nuclein: tonic and antitubercular. Hypodermic 
dose, I Cc. (15 mins.) of a 5% solution. S. 
oleate, a compound of sodium and oleic acid. 


SODIUM 


SOFTENING 


899 

S. ossalinate, a salt of an acid from ox»marrow, 
used as a substitute for codsliver oil. S. para- 
cresotate, an antiseptic crystalline compound of 
sodium and paracresotic acid. S. paraphenolsul- 
phonate or parasulphocarbolate == soon phenol- 
suLPHONAs*. S. perborate, an antiseptic, bacteri¬ 
cide, and deodorant: used as a powder or in solu¬ 
tion. S. peroxide, a white powder, NajOj: a very 
active oxidizer used in bleaching. S. persul¬ 
phate, an aperient and eupeptic salt, NajSjOg: 
used also in photography. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). 

S. phenate, an antiseptic, NaCgH^O, used inter¬ 
nally in typhoid fever, diarrhoea, etc., and exter¬ 
nally like carbolic acid; sodium carbolate. Dose, 
0.12 to 0.6 Gm. (2 to 10 grs.). S. phenolsulpho- 
nate = soDii phenolsulphonas*. S. phenol sul- 
phoricinate, a mixture of synthetic phenol (20%) 
and sodium sulphoricinate 80%: used in a 20% 
aqueous solution in skin diseases and as an applica¬ 
tion in pseudomembranous diphtheritic growths. 

S. phenosuccinate, phenosuccinate. S. phos¬ 
phate = soon PHOSPHAS*. S. phosphate, efferves¬ 
cent = soon PHosPHAs effervescens*. S. phos- 
phate, exsiccated = soDii phosphas exsiccatus*. 

S. pyrophosphate = soDiI pyrophosphas*. S. 
rosolate, the sodium salt of tri=oxydiphenyl- 
tolylcarbinol, NaCjgHjjOj: used in microscopy. S. 
saccharate, a white powder, CijHjiNaO,,, used 
hypodermically as a powerful cardiac tonic and 
in acute anaemia. Dose, 250 to 330 Cc. (8 to ii 
fl. ozs.) of a solution containing 0.033% sodium 
saccharate and 0.08% sodium chloride. S. sali¬ 
cylate = SODII sALicYLAS*. S. santoiunate, white 
crystals, mildly saline and somewhat bitter: an¬ 
thelmintic. Dose, 0.015 to 0.06 Gm. (J to i gr.). 

S. silicate, an antiseptic compound, NajSiOj. Its 
solution {liqiior sodii silicatis of the 1890 U. S. P., 
liquid glass, soluble glass, or water-glass), which 
hardens on drying, is used in making immovable 
bandages and splints. S. silicofluoride, a com¬ 
pound, NajSiFg, is used in an antiseptic solution 
called salufer. S. and silver h)rposulphite, a 
white, crystalline substance, 2Na2S203-|-Ag2S203, 
said to act locally like silver nitrate but more 
mildly. S. sozoiodolate, sozoiodolate. S. 
stearate, a white powder with a soapy touch, 
NaCj8H3502, used in the preparation of Unna’s 
ALCOHOL pencils. S. succinate, monoclinic 
prisms: used in catarrhal jaundice. Dose, 0.3 
Gm. (5 grs.). S. sulphanilate, lustrous leaflets 
recommended in coryza, acute catarrh, and 
iodism. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.) in water. S. 
sulphantimoniate= Schlippe’s salt. S. sulphate 

= SODII SULPHAS*. S. sulphite = SODII SULPHIS*. 

S. sulphobenzoate, a compound, CgH^(NaS03)- 
COONa, said to be a non-poisonous antiseptic: 
used in a solution of 50 grains to a quart of 
water. S. sulphocaffeate = symphorol. S. sul- 
phocarbolate = sodii phenolsulphonas*. S. 
sulphosichthyolate, ichthyol. S. sulpho¬ 
ricinate, a clear, yellowish-brown, syrupy liquid: 
used in skin diseases and as a solvent for phenol, 
iodine, pyrogallol, iodoform, etc. S. sulpho- 
salicylate, a white, crystalline powder used like 
sodium salicylate, less strong but free from the 
after-effects. Dose, 0.6 to 2 Gm. (10 to 30 grs.). 

S. sulphovinate == S. ethylsulphate. S. tartrate, 
a crystalline substance, NaoC^H^jOg-f 2H2O: a 
tasteless substitute for Epsom and Rochelle salts. 
Dose, 15 to 30 Gm. (4 to 8 drs ). S. taurocholate, 
a sodium salt of taurocholic acid, used in deficient 
biliary secretion. Dose, 0.12 to 0.36 Gm. (2 to 6 


grs.). S. tellurate, an antihidrotic, antiseptic, 
and antipyretic: used in the night sweats of 
phthisis, etc. Dose, 0.015 to 0.05 Gm. (^to| grs.). 
S. tetrasiodophenolphtalein = antinosin. S. thio- 
antimoniate = Schlippe’s salt. S. thiophene- 
sulphonate, a white antiseptic and dermic powder 
containing 30% of sulphur: used in a 5 to 10% 
ointment in prurigo and 
skin diseases. S. thiosul- 
phate = soDii thiosul- 
phas*. S. tumenol sul- 
phonate, tumenol. S. 
tungstate, colorless prisms 
or rhombic plates, Naj- 
WO^-f2H20: used princi¬ 
pally as a reagent for 
bile-pigments, peptones, 
alkaloids, etc. S. urate, a 
white, granular powder of 
caustic taste. S. valerate 
or valerianate, a white, crystalline powder, Na- 
€511^02, used like valerianic acid. Dose, 0.06 to 
0.3 Gm. (i to 5 grs.). S. vanadate, a white, crys¬ 
talline powder, Na3V04. used chiefly as a seagent. 
S. xanthogenate, a yellowish antiseptic and ger¬ 
micide. 

sod'o-my. Sexual connection by the anus or with 
animals. Masturbating s., production of sexual 
excitement by the insertion of objects into the 
rectum. [< Sodom a city of ancient Palestine.] 
tsod'o-mist; sod'o-mite. sod-o-mis'tic. 

so'dor. A proprietary name for capsules of liquid 
carbonic acid gas: used in preparing drinks. 

Soemmering’s bone (zom'fr-ingz). The marginal 
process of the malar bone. S.’s crystalline swell¬ 
ing, ly CRYSTALLINE SWELLING', S.’s SWELLING. 
S.’s foramen = foramen centrale. S.’s ganglion 
or gray substance, the substantia nigra of the cere¬ 
bral peduncle; stratum nigrum or intermedium; 
substantia nigra soemmeringi. S.’s ligament, a 
strong, fibrous process connecting the capsule of 
the lachrymal gland with the peri-orbital mem¬ 
brane; suspensory ligament of the lachrymal 
gland. S.’s nerve, the long pudendal nerve. S.’s 
spot = PUNCTUM AUREUM. S.’s Swelling, a swell¬ 
ing posterior to the iris, due to proliferation of 
the cells of the capsule of the lens after cataract 
operations. S.’s yellow spot = macula lutea*. 
[S. T. von Soemmering or Sommering, German 
anatomist, 1755-1830.] 

soft cancer. = Medullary cancer. S. cataract == 
FLUID CATARACT. S. chancre, chancre. S. 
commissure = COMMissuRA media. S. corn, a 
corn between the toes, kept soft by moisture and 
frequently becoming inflamed. S. occiput = 
CRANioTABES. S. palate, IS- PALATE. S. passage, 
the parts lining the pelvis through which the 
child passes in labor, in contradistinction to the 
harder bony portions. S. papilloma, a papilloma 
on a mucous membrane, especially of the rectum, 
uterus, or bladder. S. paraffin = petrolatum*. 
S. pharyngeal ganglion, is-pharyngeal ganglion, 
SOFT. S. polypus, a mucous polypus. S. pulse, 
a pulse that may be readily compressed. S. soap 
= SAPO MOLLIS*. S. sore, chancroid. S. water, 

cr AQUA FONTANA. 

soft'en-ing. The breaking down and conversion 
into a less cohesive or solid state of a tissue or an 
organ. larC olliquative s.; hemorrhagic s.; 
MUCOUS degeneration. S. of the bones = osteo¬ 
malacia. S. of the brain, fatty degeneratioi . of 
the substance of the brain, resulting in progres- 







Sodium Urate. 


I 


SOILsDISEASE 900 SOLITARY BUNDLE 


sive dementia and general paresis of the insane. 
In many instances it would seem to be pro¬ 
duced by embolism of the arteries which supply 
the brain, by a previous hemorrhage, or by defi¬ 
cient Ijloodssupply (Anaemic s.). Softening of the 
brainssubstance is distinguished, according to the 
color of the patch, as Red or Inflammatory, Yellow 
or Pyriform, White, Gray, and Green. S. of the 
h^art, softening of the cardiac muscle, due to 
arterial anaemia; cardiomyomalacia. S. of the 
stomach = GASTROMALAciA. S. of the spinal cord 

= MYELOMALACIA. 

soIDdisease. Any disease produced by effluvia from 
decomposing matter in the soil. 

so'ja, soy, or so'ya bean. The bean of the legumi¬ 
nous plant So'ja. his'pida or Gly'cine so'ja. It is 
sometimes made into a diabetic flour. 

sok'ra. An East Indian local name for trypano¬ 
somiasis. 

Sol. Abbr. for solution. 

so-lae'us. =Soleus. 

sol'a-nine. An alkaloid, C42H75Njg, obtained, in the 
form of a white, opaque powder or delicate acic- 
ular crystals, from the sprouts of Sola'num tuber- 
o'sum (the potato) and other species of Solana'- 
ceae, as 5 . dulcama'ra and S. ni'grum. Rotting 
potatoes contain large quantities of it. It is 
bitter, inodorous, soluble in alcohol, but only 
slightly so in water and is used as an analgesic 
and nerve sedative. Dose, o.oi to o.o6 Gm. (-^ 
to I gr.). When decomposed, so-lan'i-cin, C26- 
H39NO, and so-lan'i-dine, C2(jH^jN02. are formed, 
tso'la-nism, poisoning with solanine. 

sol'a-noid. Resembling a potato: as of cancer. 

sol-a-no'ma. A rapidly growing carcinoma sup¬ 
posed to resemble a potato in appearance. 

Sola'num. A genus of solanaceous herbs and 
shrubs. S. carolinen'se, the horse^nettle, a species 
sometimes recommended in epilepsy. Dose of 
fluidextract, 0.6 to 2 Cc. (10 to 30 mins.). S. 
dulcama'ra, the woody nightshade, cm- Dulca¬ 
mara. S. cris'pum, S. gaya'num, and S. toma- 
til'lo, a South American species. es-Natri. S. 
esculen'tum = S. tuberosum. S. foet'idum 
Datura stramonium. S. insidio'sum and S. 
panicula'tum of Brazil contain jurubebine. S. 
letha'le, At'ropa helladon'na. e^ Belladonna. 
S. ligno'sum, “woody nightshade.” e^ Dulca¬ 
mara. S. ni'grum, common nightshade, a poison¬ 
ous weed of Europe, and naturalized in the 
United States. S. tubero'sum, the common 
POTATO. [L.] 

30'lar asphyxia. Sunstroke. S. fever = dengue. S. 
ganglion, cm- S. plexus. S. plexus, the great sym¬ 
pathetic plexus, composed of the solar ganglia, 
the greater splanchnic nerves, part of the lesser 
splanchnic nerves, and the right pneumogastric 
nerve. It gives off nerves to the abdominal vis¬ 
cera. S. spectrum, the band of colors seen by 
passing a sunbeam through a glass prism, cm 
Fraunhofer’s lines; spectrum. 

so-la'rium. A glass*enclosed apartment in which 
sunsbaths may be taken. 

Solayre’s obliquity (so-l^rz). The position of the 
child’s head with its long diameter in an oblique 
diameter of the pelvis. 

Soldaini’s test (sol-dai'niz). A test for sugar in the 
urine, made by heating the urine with oneshalf 
its volume of a reagent consisting of a solution 
of cupric carbonate in potassium bicarbonate, 
when a yellow precipitate will be formed if glu- 
C-ose is present. 


sol'der. In dentistry, a fusible alloy by which two 
metallic substances or surfaces are joined, tsol'- 
der-ing, as S. = reducing flame. 

sol'dier erysipelas. = Rouget, def. i. 
sole. The plantar surface of the foot; planta*. S.s 
plate. I. A nucleated mass of soft granular pro¬ 
toplasm in which motor nervesterminations are 
embedded. 2. A steel plate introduced into the 
sole of the shoe in the apparatus for clubsfoot. 
etc. S. reflex = plantar reflex, so'le a. A 
Latin word signifying a “ sandal ”; the sole, 
so'len. I. A surgical cradle. 2. A channel or 
canal, especially the canal of the spinal cord, 
so'le-no-. Denoting a channel or canal: a combin¬ 
ing form. [<crw/i//p channel.] so*le-no-chal'a- 
sis, enlargement of a canal.— so'le-noid, a helix 
of conducting wire without a magnetic core. So¬ 
lenoids have been used in medicine, especially in 
the form of a cage large enough to contain the 
body or a limb, but their value is very uncertain. 
so*le-no-steg-no'sis, constriction of a canal, 
so'le us. A muscle, extending the foot; gastrocne¬ 
mius internus; arises principally from the oblique 
line of the tibia and the head and upper third of 
the fibula and is inserted by the tendo Achillis 
into the os calcis. [ < L. so'lea sole of the foot.] 
sol-fe-ri'no. =Fuchsin. 
so-li-cic'tus. = Insolation. 

sol'id. I. Firm; not liquid. 2. Not hollow. S. 
bath, a bath in which the body is enveloped in 
some solid or semisolid substance, as mud, sand, 
dung, etc. S. medium, a bacterial culture* 
medium consisting of a solid substance, as gelatin, 
agarsagar, etc. S. ocular, .a microscopical eye* 
piece consisting of a solid piece of glass moder¬ 
ately curved at one end for a field lens, and much 
curved at the eye=end. S. oedema = myxcedema. 
S. opodeldoc = LINIMENTUM SAPONATOsCAMPHO- 
RATUM. S. paraflan, paraffin in the form of a 
white, crystalline solid. S. turpentine, white tur¬ 
pentine. S. vision, the binocular perception of 
depth or distance; stereoscopic vision. 

Solida'go. Goldensrod, a genus of composite plants; 
also a name for the leaves of 5 . odo'ra. It is 
aromatic, moderately stimulant, and carminative. 
S. vir'ga=au'rea, a perennial plant, a native of 
Europe and the United States, reputed to be 
astringent. S. ri'gida, a perennial, said to be 
astringent and tonic. 

so-lidd-fi-ca'tion. The act of making solid, a result 
of cohesive attraction, tso-lid'i-fied, as S. copaiba 

= MASSA COPAIBA. 

sol'i-dists. Followers of a sect in medicine which 
referred all diseases to a morbid change in the 
solid parts. They maintained that the solids 
alone were endowed with vital properties. This 
theory is termed Solidism. fsol-i-dis'tic, as 5 . 
pathology, general pathology which attributes dis¬ 
ease to condensation or rarefaction of the solid 
tissues, fsol'i-dism. 
so'lis ic'tus. Sunstroke. 

sol'i-ta-ry bundle or fasciculus. A longitudinal bun¬ 
dle of fibres in the medulla and cord, forming the 
ascending root of the glossopharyngeal nerve; 
fasciculus rotundus; fasciculus solitarius; fascicle 
of Krause; solitary bundle of Stilling; ascending 
root of the vagus; respiratory bundle. S. glands, 
small lymphoid nodules, made up of adenoid 
tissue, occurring in the mucous membrane of the 
small and the large intestine; noduli lymphatici 
solitarii*: when aggregated they are termed 
Peyer’s patches. S. kidney, a single kidney 


SOLIUM 


901 


SOLVENT 


formed by the congenital fusion of the two 
kidneys. S. tubercle, a large tubercular nodule 
made up of several miliary tubercles, occasionally 
occurring in the central nervous system. 
So'lium. £^T.€:nia solium. 

Sol'o-mon’s seal. A popular name for several spe¬ 
cies of Polygonatum. 

Sol'o-mon’s test for cancer of the stomach. 

J. A. M. A. ij. ’o6.] 

sol'phi-nol. An antiseptic preparation of boric 
acid, borax, and alkaline sulphates, 
sol'u-ble. Susceptible of solution. S. albumins = 
NATIVE ALBUMINS. S. bougie, a bougie made of 
substances melting at the temperature of the 
body. It is used for applying medicines to the 
mucous membrane of the urethra. Bougie. 
S. ferment, m- ferment. S. glass, sodium or 
potassium silicate: used in making immovable 
bandages or splints. S. gunscotton = pyroxy- 
LiNUM*. S. ligature, a ligature of animal matter, 
which becomes absorbed after insertion. S. 
starch, a body, CgHj^O^, obtained by digesting 
Starch paste with saliva. S. stool, fasces of a 
semisolid consistency. [< L. solu'bilis, fr. sol'- 
vere, solu'tum to loosen.] tsol-u-bil'i-ty, suscep¬ 
tibility of solution in any menstruum. The fol¬ 
lowing terminology has been suggested (Wilbert): 
Articles that are soluble in less than their own 
weight of the solvent are very soluble; 

i-io parts, freely soluble; 
lo-ioo parts, soluble; 

100-1000 parts, slightly soluble; 

1000-10,000 parts, very slightly soluble; 

10,000-100,000 parts, nearly insoluble; 
more than ioo,ooo parts, practically insoluble. 
sol'u-rol. The proprietary name of a solution of 
thyminic acid: used to increase the excretion of 
uric acid in gout. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 
sol'ute. The substance dissolved by a solvent, 
s >-lu'ti o. = Solution. S. arsenica'lis fow'leri = 
LIQUOR POTAssii ARSENiTis*. S. douova'ni = 
liquor ARSENI ET HYDRARGYRI lODIDI*. S. Tet'- 
inae, detachment of the retina. 
f4-lu'tion. I. The act of dissolving a solid body; 
the diffusion of the particles of a solid through a 
liquid; also the state of a solid body which has 
been dissolved; figuratively, the termination or 
crisis of a disease. S. of contiguity,' &■ con¬ 
tiguity. S. of continuity, the breaking down, 
or division, of the skin and other textures by 
a blow, a cutting instrument, or ulceration, m- 
Continuity, 2. A clear, homogeneous liquid 
having molecules of a solid, another liquid, or 
a gas uniformly diffused through it, so that 
they are invisible and do not separate upon 
standing. Solutions are distinguished as Simple 
or Physical, or those in which the dissolved sub¬ 
stances undergo no chemical alteration, and 
Chemical, or those in which the dissolved sub¬ 
stances are changed by the chemical action of 
the solvent. According to the solvent they are 
named Alcoholic, Aqueous, Ethereal, etc. A Sat¬ 
urated s. is one in which the solvent has taken up 
all the dissolved matter that it can hold. 3. Of 
the U. S. P., an aqueous solution of a non=volatile 
substance, excepting sugar, Liquor. Specially 
named solutions are Boulton's ( = liquor iodi 
CARBOLATUS), BuRNETT’s, BURROW’S, CeNTINOR- 
MAL, Channing’s ( = liquor hydrargyri et po- 
TASSii lODiDi), Clemen's ( = liquor potassii 
ARSENatis et bromidi), Decinormal, Deodorant 
(=liquorzinci etferri compositus), Dobell’s, 


Donovan's ( = liquor arseni et hydrargyri 
lODiDi*), Dujardin s Beaumetz’s, Dunham’s,, 
Ehrlich’s, Farrant’s, Fehling’s, Fowler's 
( = LIQUOR potassii ARSENITIS*), GaBBET’o, 
Gannet's ( = liquor alumini acetatis), Gow- 
ERs’s, Gram’s, Gulland’s, Hayem’s, Huchard’s, 
Kaiserling’s, Koppeschaar’s, Labarraque's ( = 

LIQUOR SOD^ CHLORINAT^E*), LaNG’s, LoFF- 

ler’s, Lowe’s, Lugol's ( = liquor iodi compos¬ 
itus*), Magendie's ( = liquor morphin.® hy- 
PODERMicus), Mathieu’s, Mayer’s, Monsel's 
( = LIQUOR ferri subsulphatis*), Naegeli’s, 
Normal, Normal salt, Pacini’s, Panas’s, 
Pavy’s, Pearson’s, Plenck’s, Sachsse’s, Salt, 
Sapellier’s. Saturated, Schwartz’s, Seminor¬ 
mal, Standard, Supersaturated, Suzmann’s, 
Sydmann’s, Test®, Thiersch’s, Thompson's 
( = liquor phosphori), Toisson’s, Vleminckx's 

( = LIQU 0 R CALCIS SULPHURAT.E), VOLUMETRIC, 
and Watersglass. S. of acetate of iron =liquor 
FERRI ACETATIS. S. of ammonium acetate = 
LIQUOR AMMONii ACETATIS. S. of arsenous acid 
= LIQUOR AciDi ARSENosi*. S. of arsenous and 
mercurous iodides = liquor arseni et hydrar¬ 
gyri lODiDi*. S. of basic ferric sulphate = liquor 
FERRI SUBSULPHATIS*. S. of calcium hydrate = 
LIQUOR CALCIS*. S. of chloride of iron = liquor 
FERRI CHLORiDi*. S. of chlorinated lime=BLEACH- 
iNG LIQUID. S. of chlorinated soda = liquor 
soD.^ CHLORINAT.E*. S, of citrate of iron=LiQUOR 
FERRI CITRATIS. CompOUnd S. of cresol = LIQUOR 
CRESOLis COMPOSITUS*. S. of ferric acetate = 
LIQUOR FERRI ACETATIS. S. of fertic chloride = 
LIQUOR FERRI CHLORIDI*. S. of ferric citrate 
= LIQUOR FERRI CITRATIS. S. of ferric nitrate = 
LIQUOR FERRI NITRATIS. S. Of ferriC SUbsul- 
phate = LIQUOR ferri subsulphatis*. S. of 
ferric sulphate = LIQUOR ferri tersulphatis*. 

S. of formaldehyde = liquor formaldehydi*. 

S. of gutta=percha = liquor gutt^sperch,e. 
Compound s. of iodine = liquor iodi compos¬ 
itus*. S. of iron and ammonium acetate = 

LIQUOR FERRI ET AMMONII ACETATIS*. S, Of lead 
subacetate = LIQUOR plumbi subacetatis*. S. 
of lead subacetate, diluted = liquor plumbi 
SUBACETATIS DILUTUS*. S, Of lime = LIQUOR 
CALCIS*. S. of magnesium citrate = liquor 
MAGNES ii CITRATIS*. S. of mercuric nitrate = 
LIQUOR HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS*. S, of nitrate of 
iron or S. of pernitrate of iron = liquor ferri 
NITRATIS. S. of pepsin = LIQUOR PEPSINI. S. of 
persulphate of iron = liquor ferri persulpha- 
Tis*. S. of potassium arsenite = liquor potassii 
ARSENITIS*. S. of potassium citrate = liquor 
POTASSII CITRATIS*. S, of potassium hydroxide or 
S. of potassa = LIQUOR POTASSII HYDROXIDI*. S. 
of sodium arsenate = liquor sodii arsenatis*. 

S. of sodium hydroxide or S, of soda = liquor 
SODII HYDROXIDI*. Compound s. of sodium phos¬ 
phate = liquor SODII phosphatis compositus*. 

S, of sodium silicate = liquor sodii silicatis. 

S. of subsulphate of iron == liquor ferri subsul¬ 
phatis*. S. of zinc chloride = liquor zinci 

CHLORIDI*. 

sol'u-tol. A disinfectant solution of cresol in an 
excess of sodium cresotate. 

Solv. Abbr. of L. sol've dissolve. 

sol'vent. I. Able to dissolve. 2. A fluid capable 
of dissolving bodies: also applied to a medicine 
that has the property of dissolving or removing 
obstructions. S. treatment, treatment of calculi 
by substances intended to dissolve them. 


SOLVEOL 


902 


SONCHUS 


SOlVe ol. A solution of sodium cresotate in excess 
of cresol. It is a powerful germicide, and is used 
as an antiseptic in 0.5% to 3% solution, 
sol'vine. A viscid liquid resulting from the action 
of sulphuric acid on a fixed oil: powerfully sol¬ 
vent, irritant, and hsemolytic. Polysolve. 
so'ma-cule. A chemical molecule of protoplasm, 
so-maes-thet'ic. Relating to bodily sensations. S. 
area, a region in the cortex in which the termina¬ 
tions of the axons of the general sensory conduc- 
tionspath lie. S. path, the general sensory con- 
ductionspath which leads to the cortex, 
so-mat'ic. Relating to the body. S. cavity, the 
bodyscavity, or coelom. S. cells, undifferentiated 
bodyscells; cells of somatoplasm. S. centre, the 
pituitary body: so named on the supposition 
that this organ influences the growth of the body. 
S. death, death of the whole body, as distin¬ 
guished from that of its parts. S. mesoderm = 
SOMATOPLEURE, def. I. S. musculature, the 
muscles developed from the somatopleure. S. 
nerves, the nerves which supply the somatic, or 
body, structures, such as skin, subcutaneous tis¬ 
sues, muscles, and bones, as contrasted with the 
splanchnic nerves, or those which supply the vis¬ 
cera and blood-vessels. S. plasma, the fluid part 
of the lymph; lymph-plasma; histogenetic plasm. 
S. signs or symptoms, those presented by the 
trunk and limbs, in contradistinction to those 
furnished by the sensory apparatus. S. stigmata, 
bodily symptoms of certain nervous affections, 
tso'ma-tist, one who believes in the inheritance 
of acquired characters. [Tf Darwin. ’08.] 
so-mat'i-co-vis'ce-ral. Of the body and the viscera, 
so'ma-to-. Relating to the body: a combining 
form. [< aCifxa body.] so'ma-to-blast, any one 
of the cytoblasts aggregated in the protoplasm of 
a cell outside of its body.— so'ma-to-chrome, 
Nissl’s term for nerve-cells which have a well- 
defined cell-body, completely surrounding the 
nucleus, the protoplasm having a distinct contour. 
— so'ma-to-dym'i a, that condition of double 
monstrosity in which the two bodies are so closely 
united that they might seem to enter into each 
other. When the union is chiefly by the vertebrae, 
it is called vertehrodymia; when by the bones of 
the ischium, ischiodymia; when by the sternum, 
sternodymia. fso'ma-to-did'y-mus. — so'ma-tos 
e‘ti-o-log'i-cal, relating to mental diseases having 
a physical cause.— so‘ma-to-ge-net'ic, aiding in 
the reproduction of the body.— so'ma-to-gen'ic, 
produced in or by the body itself, as S. cytoioxin, 
a toxin produced by injection, into an alien 
animal, of cells from certain parts of the body, 
as the liver, etc.: found in the antisera.— so-ma- 
tol'o-gy. I. A treatise on the human body; 
anatomy. 2. That part of physical science which 
treats of the general properties of bodies or 
masses of matter.— so'ma-tome. i. Anyone of 
the segments into which the body may be theo¬ 
retically divided. A transverse segment of an 
organized body is known as a Vertebral s. 2. An 
instrument for cutting the body of the foetus to 
facilitate delivery, fso-ma-torn'e-try.— so-ma- 
tom'ic.— so-ma-top'a-gus, a double monstrosity 
with separate trunks.— so'ma-to-par-al-lel'us, 
a double monster with separated bodies, the axes 
of the two bodies being parallel.— so'ma-to-plasm, 
the protoplasm of a body*cell, as distinguished 
from germ-plasm. — so'ma-to-pleure. i. The 
outer of the two layers of the mesoblast lying 
next the epiblast, the inner layer being the 


splanchnopleure. In this sense, however, it is 
more accurately called Somatic, Somatopleuric, or 
Parietal mesoblast. 2. A layer formed by the 
union of the somatopleure (def. i) and the epi¬ 
blast: from it the body walls and amnion are 
developed, m- Splanchnopleure. fso*ma-to- 
pleu'ral, -pleu'ric, as S. mesoblast = som\to- 
PLEURE, def. I. — so*ma-to-psy'che, the sum total 
of experience and memory of conditions within the 
body, as visceral sense; contrasted with allopsyche, 
the content of ordinary objective consciousness. 
^ Allopsychosis. — so'ma-tose, a proprietary al¬ 
buminous food. — so'ma-to-splanch-no-pleu'ric, 
relating to the somatopleure and splanchnopleure. 

— so-ma-tot'o-my, anatomy or dissection.— so*- 
ma-to-trid'y-mns, a three-bodied monstrosity. 

so-mes-thet'ic. =Som^sthetic. 

so'mite. A segment of the body; also one of the 
embryonic segments into which the paraxial 
mesoblast differentiates; mesamere; metamere; 
proto vertebra; mesodermic and mesoblastic 
somite. [ < aupa body.] fso-mit'ic. 

Sommering’s. = Soemmering’s. 

som'nal. A crystalline substance, C^HjjNOsClj, 
composed of urethane, alcohol, and chloral. It is 
an hypnotic and diuretic. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 

som-nam'bu-lism, som-nam'bu-lance, sommam-bu- 
la'tion. Sleep-walking, or walking in one’s sleep; 
also an hypnotic state in which there is full pos¬ 
session of the senses, the person being under the 
control of the hypnotizer. Hypnotism, fsom- 
nam'bu-list; som-nam'bu-la-tor. 

som'ni-, som'no-. Relating to sleep: combining 
forms. [< L. som'nus sleep.] som'ni al, relat¬ 
ing to dreams.— som-ni-a'ti o, dreaming, as S. 
morbo'sa, uneasy dreaming; nightmare.— som- 
nic'u-lous, drowsy; sleepy.— som-ni-fa'ci ent. i. 
Causing sleep; hypnotic. 2. A medicine which 
causes sleep.— som-nif'e-ra, agents w’hich cause 
sleep; hypnotics.— som-nif'e-rine. i. A deriv¬ 
ative of morphine, said to be stronger than 
morphine and without bad effects upon the 
heart. 2. A narcotic alkaloid from Witha'nia 
somnif'era, a solanaceous plant of Asia.— som- 
nif'e-rous, causing or inducing sleep; hypnotic. 

— som-nif'u-gous, preventing sleep.— som-nil'o- 
quism, som-nil'o-quence, sleep-talking, fsom- 
nil'o-quist.— som-nip'a-thy, a condition of hyp¬ 
notic sleep or trance, tsom-nip'a-thist. — som'- 
no-form, a local anaesthetic composed of ethyl 
chloride (65%), methyl chloride (30%), and 
ethyl bromide (5%).— som'nol, a synthetic pro¬ 
prietary product of chloralurethane with a poly¬ 
atomic alcohol radical: hypnotic and sedative. 
Dose, 10 to 15 Cc. (2 to 4 fl. drs.).— som'no- 
lence, sleepiness; an unnatural drowsiness, r®* 
Stupor, fsom'no-lent. — som-no-len'ti a, sleep- 
drunkenness, a state of incomplete sleep.— som- 
no-len'za. Leffmann, Anal, of Foods.] — som- 
no-les'cent, drowsy; inducing drowsiness.— som'- 
no-lism, hypnotic trance.— som'none, a propri¬ 
etary hypnotic containing opium, lupulin, and 
lactucarium. Dose, i to 2 Cc. (15 to 30 mins.). 

— som-nop'a-thy = somnipathy. — som'nos, a 
proprietary hypnotic, the elixir containing in 
each 15 Cc. (4 fl. drs.), 1.2 Gm. (18 grs.) of a 
73% solution of chloral glyceride in glycerin. 
Dose, 15 1-0 30 Cc. (4 to 8 fl. drs.).— som-no-vig'il 

= COMA VIGIL. 

Somomy'ia montividen'sis. The screw-worm. 

Son'chus. A genus of composite plants, contain¬ 
ing the common sow thistle, a galactagogue. 


SONDE 


903 


SOUND 




.i 


Mercier’s 

Sonde 

COUDEE. 


aonde (sond). = Sound- catheter. S. coud 6 e,a 
urethral catheter with a flexible stem, but stiff at 
the end, where it has a sharp bend like a beak; 
catheter coud6; elbowed catheter: used 
for passing obstructions on the floor of 
the urethra, particularly for enlarged 
prostate. S. d dard, a sonde with a 
sharp grooved point for perforating 
the bladder from within. S. a piston, 
a catheterslike sound with a piston, for 
introducing remedies. [Fr.] 
son'i-fer. A form of earstrumpet. 
son'i-la-cin. =Parillin. 
son'i-tus. A sounding, as 5 . au'rium, a 
sounding in the ears due to hallucina¬ 
tions or to actual entotic sounds, cs- 
Tinnitus. 

Sonnenburg’s operation (zdn'en-burcHs). 

A treatment of ectopia of the bladder 
by removing the bladder and uniting 
the ureters to the dorsum penis. 

Sonnenschein’s reagent (z($nVn-shainz). 
Phosphomolybdic acid: used as a test 
for alkaloids, with which it gives a 
yellowish precipitate. S.'s test. i. A 
test for alkaloids made by dissolving 
in sulphuric acid and adding a small 
quantity of cerosoceric oxide, when 
color reactions will be given, 2. A 
test for blood made by precipitating 
an extract with a solution of sodium 
tungstate and acetic acid, and adding ammonia, 
when a reddishsgreen fluorescence will appear, 
so-nom'e-ter. i. An instrument for measuring the 
ratios of the vibrations of different sonorous bod¬ 
ies, 2. An instrument for testing the hearing, 
so-no'rous. Sounding; resonant; producing sound. 
S. rale = RALE SONORE. 

sootscan'cer or sootswart'. = Cancer scroti. S.s 
drops, hysteric mixture, tincture of soot, consist¬ 
ing of woodssoot, asafetida, and proof spirit, 
so-phis-ti-ca'tion. Adulteration, as of a medicine, 
so'phol. A combination of silver with formonu- 
cleinic acid, in form of a yellowish=white powder: 
recommended for gonorrhoeal ophthalmia, 
soph-o-ma'ni a. A form of mania in which the 
patient believes that he has great wisdom. 
Sopho^ra. A genus of leguminous trees and shrubs: 
from the seeds of various species so-pho'rine, 
resembling eserine, is obtained, 
so'piens. Assuaging; anodyne, 
so'por. I. Sound, deep, or profound sleep. 2. Un¬ 
naturally deep sleep, formerly divided, accord¬ 
ing to intensity, into coma, lethargy, and earns. 

Somniferous. [L.] tso'po-rate; so-po-rif'e- 
rous; so-po-rif'ic. so'po-rous, -rose, 
sor-be-fa'ci ent. A remedy that promotes absorp¬ 
tion. 

sor'bic acid. An acid, CgH802. obtained from vari¬ 
ous species of Pyrus. ty Sorbus. 
sor'bi-lin. [T[ I. M. ’ 03 .] 

sor'bite. The hexatomic alcohol corresponding to 

DEXTROSE. lyMANNITE; DULCITE. 

Sor'bus. The generic name given by Linnaeus to 
the mountainsash, service*tree, etc.: now re¬ 
ferred to the genus Py'rus. From the berries are 
obtained sor'bin or sor'bi-nose, a crystalline 
sugar, CgHj^Og, and sor'bite, a crystalline princi¬ 
ple, CoHj^Og-f-HjO, isomeric with mannite. [L.] 
sor'des. Literally, “filth”: applied to the foul 
matter discharged from ulcers; to the brownish 
putrefying deposit, made up of bacteria, shed 



Sorghum. 


epithelium, remnants of food, etc., which collect 
on the teeth, particularly in certain low fevers; 
to foul accumulations in the stomach, etc, S. 
gas'trica, undigested food; saburra gastrica. [L.] 
sor'di-din. A crystalline principle, CjgHjgO^, from 
the lichen Zeo'ra sor'dida. 

sore. I. Painful; tender to the touch. 2. A popu¬ 
lar term for ulcer; a wound. Veldt sore. 
Sore feet of Assam, of coolies. == Ground itch. 
Hard s. = CHANCRE. S. mouth, stomatitis; 
CANCRUM oris. Oriental s., oriental. Soft s. 
= chancroid, def. 2. S. 
throat, catarrhal inflamma¬ 
tion of the throat. Clergy¬ 
men’s s. throat, chronic fol¬ 
licular pharyngitis. Foth- 
ergill’s s. throat = scarla¬ 
tina ANGINOSA. Putrid s. 
throat = CYNANCHE MALIG¬ 
NA. Ulcerated s. throat = 

CYNANCHE MALIGNA. 

sor'ghum. The plant A«dro- 
po'gon sor'ghum, from which 
a syrup is obtained, 
so'ri. The plural of so'rus 
Heaps, or patches, as those 
of the spore»cases of most ferns, called in English 
fruiUdois. [< oupoq heap.] 
sor'i-sin. Thiocol (10%) dissolved in syrup of 
orange*peel: used in catarrh and tuberculosis, 
sor-o-che', sor-ro-che'. =Puna. [Sp.J 
so-ror-i-a'tion. Development of the female breasts 
at puberty. [< L. sorori're to swell together.] 
sor'rel. A popular name applied to Ox'alis acetosel'- 
la and to Ru'mex aceio'sa. Salt of s., potassium 
oxalate. S.stree = oxydendron arboreum. 
sor-roe'eo. = Vet a, 

so'son. A powdered preparation of meat»albumin. 
sos'trum. A physician’s fee. [L.] 
sou-dan'. = Sudan. 

Soucques’s phenomenon (stjcs). An involuntary 
movement of the fingers in hemiplegia with con¬ 
tracture when attempting to lift the arm. 
sou'da-nite. A fever of tropical Africa: often 
marked by homicidal mania, 
souffle (sfi'fl). A breath or soft blowing sound; a 
bruit; especially, such a sound heard by auscul¬ 
tation of the pregnant abdomen. Varieties of 
souffle are Cardiac, Electric, Fetal, Funic or 
funicular (= umbilical). Placental, Splenic, 
Umbilical, Uterine (= placental). 
soul. The spiritual, rational, and immaterial part 
of man’s nature. The ancients assigned its seat 
to the liver and heart and later to the brain. S.s 
blind, unable to perceive or conceive an image 
or idea of light. S.sblindness, visual aphasia due 
to some injury of the cerebral visual centre. S.s 
deafness, auditory aphasia. S.sparalysis, motor 
paralysis from cortical or subcortical disease, 
sound. The effect produced on the organ of hearing 
by the vibrations of the air or other ponderable 
medium; perception of the impression produced 
on the acoustic nerve by the undulations which 
the sensible and periodical vibrations of an elastic 
body excite in the ambient medium. Varieties of 
sound are Bandbox, BeattysBright’s, Bottle (= 
amphoric rale). Bronchial, Cracked=metal or 
*pot. Flapping, Friction, Heart* (seealso third) , 
Hippocratic, Hollow (i^ amphoric). Kettle¬ 
singing, Muscle*, Respiratory, Sawing, Sub¬ 
jective phonism), To»and*fro, Tubular, and 
Water»wheel (= bruit de moulin). For other 





SOUND 


904 


SPARK 


varieties of sound see Bruit, Fremitus, Murmur, 
Rale, Respiration, and Souffle. — S.scon- 
ducting apparatus, the parts of the auditory 
apparatus external to the cochlea.— 

S. of new leather = BRUIT de craque- 
MENT. — S.sperceiving apparatus, the 
cochlea and the auditory nerve with 
its terminations and connections with 
the auditory nucleus and auditory 
centre. S.spho'tism, a sensation of 
light or colors accompanying sounds. 

Phonism. 

sound. An instrument for introduction 
through the urethra into the bladder 
or into any canal, Catheter; 

Bellocq’s s.; siphon; sonde; ure¬ 
thral s. tsound'ing. 
sour'sdock. Ru'mex aceto'sa. S. stom¬ 
ach, an acid dyspepsia. S.=tree = 

OxYDENDRON ARBOREUM. 
sour'wood. =OxYDENDRON ARBOREUM. 

South African horsessickness. =ailDE- 

MAMYCOSIS. 

south'ern fever. = Texas fever. 
south'ernswood. 0* Abrotanum. Tar¬ 
tarian s., Artemis'ia santon'ica. 

South'ey’s drainagestubes. Tubes or 
cannulae employed in the removal of 
anasarcous fluid, 
sow bread. The plant Cyc'lamen europas'um. S. 
thistle, SoNCHUs. 

Sox'hlet’s apparatus. A sterilizing apparatus for 
the preparation of milk. 

soy or soy'a bean, ts- Soja. S. bread, a proprie¬ 
tary diabetic bread. 

Soyka’s plates (soi'caz). Certain dishes employed in 
cultures of bacteria. 

Soy’s disease. Horsespox. 

so'zal. Aluminum paraphenolsulphonate u.sed 
in a 1% solution as an antiseptic, 
so-zal'bu-mose. = Antiphthisin. 
so'zin. A normal proteid of the animal body, 
which is protective against diseases; a defensive 
proteid. The sozins include mycosozins, which 
destroy the microbes themselves, and toxosozins, 
which destroy the microbic toxins, 
so-zo-bo'ral. A proprietary mixture containing 
sozoiodol, borates, and aristol: used in coryza, 
so-zo-der'ma. A proprietary antiseptic soap, 
so'zo-dont. A proprietary soapy dentifrice, 
so-zo-i'o-dol, so*zo-i-o-dol'ic acid. A crystalline 
compound, CgH^SO^Ig = CgH2(0H)l2S02.H20, of 
iodine and phenosulphonic acid ; diiodopara- 
phenolsulphonic acid; it combines with many 
metals and is antiseptic and disinfectant. S.s 
aluminum, aluminum diiodoparaphenolsulpho- 
nate. [< to save+ 10DOL.] fso'zo-i-od'o- 

late, a salt of sozoiodolic acid, as Mercury s., a 
compound, (CgH3S04l2)2Hg, used hypodermically 
in syphilis: Sodium s., a compound, CgH3S04- 
l2Na + 2H20, applied externally to wounds, and 
used in 1% solution for washing out the bladder: 
and Zinc s., a compound, (CgH3S04l2)2Zn + 6H2O, 
used in gleet in 1% solution, 
so-zol'ic acid. =Aseptol. 

Sp., Spir. Abbr. for L. spir'itus spirit, 
spa (spa), A place where watersdrinking, baths, and 
hygienic measures are practised, 
space. Any area or extension, especially an en¬ 
closed or half=enclosed place within or about the 
body; spatium*. Specially named spaces are 
Arachnoid subarachnoid and subdural 


sp.\ce). Axillary ( = axilla, def. 2), Bogros’s, 
Bregmatic (= anterior fontanelle), Burns’s, 
Cardiac, Cell*,Chyles,Circumlental, Colles’s, 
CoMPLEMENTAL, Comeal ( = corneal lacuna), 
Cupola, Czermak’s ( = interglobular), Doug¬ 
las's ( = rectovaginal pouch). Epidural, 
Fontana’s, Haversian, His’s, Intercostal, 
Interfascial (= Tenon’s), Interglobular, 
Interlamellar, Interosseous, Interpedun¬ 
cular, Interseptal, Intervaginal ( = sub- 
vaginal), Intervalvar, Kuhnt’s, Lesshaft's 
(= lumbocosto*abdominal triangle). Lymph, 
Magendie’s, Meckel’s, Mohrenheim’s, Nuel’s, 
Parasinoidal, Perforated, Pharyngomaxil- 
LARY, Poiseuille’s, Popliteal, Preperitoneal, 
Prevesical, Prussack’s, Retroperitoneal, 
Retzius’s ( = preperitoneal), SchwaLbe’s su 

PRAVAGINAL, SeMILUNAR, SuB ARACHNOID, SUB- 
DURAL, SUBUMBILICAL, SUBVAGINAL, TeNON’S, 
Traube’s, VirchowsRobin, Yolk*, and Zang’s. 
S. feeling. ^ Space sense. S. nerves, the fibres 
of the auditory nerve which convey impressions 
of space, being the branches to 
the semicircular canals. S. sense, 
that sense by which position and 
relation are perceived. S. cf 
Tenon =Tenon’s space. [< L. 
spa'tium space.] 

spade'sbone. The scapula. S.slike 
hands, the large, peculiarly shaped 
hands of myxoedema. 
spa'dix. A fleshy head or spike with 
the flowers often small and im¬ 
perfect. Usually surrounded by 
a partially enveloping leaf, the 
spathe. 

Spaeth and Braun’s iodoform ba¬ 
cilli (shpet and braunz). = Iodoform bacilli. 
spag'i-rist, spag'y-rist. An alchemistic physician; 
an iatrochemist; a paracelsian. fspa-gir'ic. 
spag'i-rism. 

spa-men-or-rhoe'a. Scanty menstruation, 
spa-nae'mia. Poverty of blood; cachaemia. [< 
(TTravdf scarce-I-al//a blood.] spa-nae'mic. i. Per¬ 
taining to spanaemia; impoverishing the blood. 
2. A medicine tending to impoverish the blood, 
spa'ni-o-car'di a. = Bradycardia. 

Spanish broom. =Spartium junceum. S. catarrh, 
influenza. S. fever, the cattle fever of Texas. S. 
fly = Cantharis*. S. licorice, a coarse or com¬ 
mon licorice, because chiefly brought from Spain. 

Glycyrrhiza*. S. soap, Castile soap. S. white, 
bismuth subnitrate. S. windlass, a tourniquet 
formed by a handkerchief tied round the limb 
and tightened with a stick, 
spamo-men-or-rhoe'a. = Spamenorrhcea. 
span-op-noe'a. = Brachypncea. 

Span'ton’s operation. The use of the strephotome 
in the operation for radical cure of hernia, 
sparadrap (spar'a-drap, F. spa-ra-dra'). A plaster, 
or medicated bandage. [F.] 
spa-rag'mus. A violent spasm; a cramp, 
spa-rat-to-sper'min, A crystalline compound, Cjg- 
^24^10' from caroba leaves, 
spar-go'sis, spar-ga-no'sis. i. Excessive distention 
of the breasts with milk. 2. Elephantiasis. 3. 
Wrapping a child in swaddling clothes, 
spark. The flash of light, accompanied by a crack¬ 
ing sound, made by the discharge from an electric 
machine or coil, across an air*gap. Direct s., one 
passing from the electrodes through the body 
directly. 



Sound. 



Spadix and 
Spathe. 








SPARKLING SYNCHYSIS 


905 


SPATIUM 


spark'ling synchysis. A form of synchysis in which 
sparks flash before the eye. 

spar-te-i'nae sul'phas*. Sparteine sulphate, a white, 
crystalline substance, CisHagNaHgSO^ + sHp. It 
is a cardiac poison, and is used like digitalis. 
Dose, o.oi Gm. (i gr.). 

spar'te ine. A colorless, liquid alkaloid, Ci 5 H 26 N 2 , 
from Scoparius (broom). It is poisonous and 
used only in form of the salts, principally the 
Sulphate {— sparteine sulphas*): the Hydrio- 
dide. Hydrochloride, and Triiodide are also used. 

Spar'tium jun'ceum or Genis'ta hispan'ica. vSpanish 
broom, a leguminous plant, the seeds of which are 
diuretic and tonic. 

spasm. The sudden, involuntary contraction of 
muscles or of muscular fibres; a motor reaction to 
local irritation somewhere in a spinal or spinobul- 
bar arc; a convulsion; cramp; spasmus : a term ap¬ 
plied to abnormal contraction occurring in muscu¬ 
lar organs, in single muscles, or in groups of mus¬ 
cles. A spasm is called Clonic when the rigidity 
is immediately followed by relaxation. Tonic or 
Tetanic when the rigidity continues for some con¬ 
siderable time, and Co-ordinate or Spastic when 
characterized by certain definite involuntary mo¬ 
tions. ^Chorea; convulsion; cramp; eclamp¬ 
sia; epilepsy; tic; tremor. Specially named 
varieties of spasm are Athetoid, Bell's (== con¬ 
vulsive tic), Bronchial, Canine (=cynic). Car¬ 
popedal, Cerebral, Cynic, Drivers’, Facial, 
Fixed, Functional (= occupation neurosis). 
Habit, Handicraft (= occupation neurosis). 
Histrionic, Inspiratory, Lingual (= apthon- 
gia). Locked, Mobile, Myopathic, Nictitating, 
Nodding, Perineal (= vaginodynia). Phonetic, 
Respiratory, Retrocollic, Romberg's (= tris¬ 
mus), Salaam (= nodding). Saltatory, Sewing 

(=SEAMSTRESSES’CRAMP), ShOEMAKERS’, SMITHS’, 

Spinal accessory (=tic rotatoire), Synclonic, 
Toxic,.Winking, and Writers’. S. of accommo¬ 
dation, spasmodic contraction of the ciliary mus¬ 
cle, causing increased convexity of the crystalline 
lens. S.scentre, a centre in the medulla oblonga¬ 
ta above the ala cinerea, which controls general 
spasms. S. of the glottis = laryngismus strid¬ 
ulus. S. of the muscles = cramp. 

spas^ma. = Spasm, fspas-mat'ic. 

spas'mo-. Relating to a spasm: a combining form. 
[< aTTaofxbg spasm, fr. arrav to draw.] spas-mo- 
der'mi a, a spasmodic affection of the muscles of 
the skin, as in cutis anserina. fspas-mo-der'- 
mic. — spas-mod'ic, see in vocabulary place be¬ 
low.— spas'mo-dism, a spasmodic nervous state 
originating in medullary excitation.— spas*mo- 
dysp-noe'a, convulsive dyspnoea or difficulty of 
breathing. — spas'mo-lip-o-py'ri a, a disease in 
which death‘is due to convulsions: supposed to 
be a form of yellow fever.— spas-mol'o-gy, that 
branch of pathology which treats of spasms or 
convulsions.— spas-mo-lyg'mus, spasmodic hic¬ 
cough.— spas-mo-phil'i a, tendency to convul¬ 
sions due to the increased excitability of the re¬ 
flex centres of the nervous system.— spas'mo- 
tin, a poisonous compound, Ca^HgiOg, from ergot, 
and having properties similar to it; sphacelo- 
toxin.— spas-mo-tox'in, a ptomaine obtained 
from bacillus tetani and from the extremities of 
those who have died of tetanus. It causes con¬ 
vulsions in animals.— spas'mous. 

spas-mod'ic. Relating to, or characterized by, 
spasm; convulsive. S. asthma, asthma caused 
by spasm of the bronchial tubes. S. cholera. 


Asiatic cholera attended with severe cramp; 
cholera morbus. S. colic = cramp colic. S. croup 
= LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS. S. dopsal tabes, 
Charcot’s disease. S. dysmenorrhoea, ts- dys- 
MENORRHCEA. S. laryngitis, laryngitis with 
spasm of the glottis. S. mydriasis, spastic mydri¬ 
asis. S. neurosis, epilepsy. S. paralysis, spastic 
paralysis. S. retraction, irregular contraction of 
the uterus. S. rigidity, rigidity of the cervix uteri 
due to spasmodic contraction of the cervix. S. 
spinal paralysis, primary lateral sclerosis. S. 
squint or strabismus, m' strabismus. S. stricture, 
a temporary stricture caused by spasmodic mus¬ 
cular contraction. S. tabes = tabes dorsalis 
SPASMOD iCA. S. talipes, non*congenital talipes 
caused by muscular spasm. S. theory of inflam¬ 
mation, the theory that hyperasmia is the impor¬ 
tant element, and that it is due to spasmodic 
contraction of arteries. S. tic, facial paralysis 
with tonic contractions. S. torticollis or wrys 

neck, TORTICOLLIS SPASTICA. 

spas'mus. = Spasm. S. cani'nus or cyn'icus, 
CYNIC spasm; risus sardonicus. S. clonicus, 
13 ^ SPASM. S. facia'lis = TIC convulsif. S. 
glot'tidis or lar5m'gis = laryngismus. S. inspira- 
to'rius = INSPIRATORY SPASM. S. nic'titans = 
NICTITATING SPASM. S. nu'tanS=NODDING SPASM. 
S. oc'uli = NYSTAGMUS. S. universa'lis = SYN¬ 
CLONIC SPASM. [L.] 

spas'tic. Drawing to or from; spasmodic. S. albu¬ 
minuria, albuminuria due to a convulsive attack. 
S. anaemia, anaemia due to spasmodic contraction 
of the arteries. S. diplegia, a form of birthspalsy 
in which both arms and legs are affected; infan¬ 
tile spasmodic paraplegia. S. hemiplegia, hemi¬ 
plegia with choreiform movements of paralyzed 
muscles, and even with epileptic convulsions. S. 
meiosis, meiosis due to spasm of the sphincter 
pupillae. S. mydriasis, mydriasis. S. paral¬ 
ysis, paralysis with constrictive spasm of muscles. 
S. paraplegia, paraplegia with increase of the re¬ 
flex irritability and tonic spasm of the affected 
muscles, due to sclerosis of the anterolateral 
columns of the cord; tetanoid paraplegia; antero¬ 
lateral sclerosis. It also exists as a primary dis¬ 
ease (Primary s. paraplegia), due to degeneration 
of the pyramidal tracts, and as a congenital con¬ 
dition (Congenital s. paraplegia), from birthspalsy. 
There are also Hereditary, Hysterical, Secondary, 
and Syphilitic types, fspas-tic'i-ty. 

spathe. ^ Spadix. 

spa-tho-log'ic. •Denoting the rapid proliferation of 
leucocytes. [< OTiaddv to go fast-j-iloyof science.] 

spa'ti al. Relating to space, as 5. error. 

spa-ti-om'e-ter. A septimeter. [1/.A.M.A. ij,’lo.] 

spa'ti um*, pi. spa'tia. = Space. Spa'tia an'guli 
ir'idis [Fonta'nae]* = Fontana’s spaces. Spa'tia 
intercosta'lia = INTERCOSTAL spaces. S. inter- 
fascia'le [Teno'ni]* = Tenon’s space. Spa'tia 
intermuscula'ri'a, spaces in the region of the 
poples between the hamstring muscles and the 
quadriceps extensor. S. interpeduncula're = in¬ 
terpeduncular SPACE. S. intersepta'le = inter- 
septal SPACE. Spa'tia intervagina'lia* = sub- 
vaginal SPACES. S. intervalvula're, the space 
between the sinuses of Valsalva on the outer side 
of the aorta. S. o'ris, the cavity of the mouth. 
S. praeperitonaea'le [Ret'zii]* = preperitoneal 
SPACE. S. retroperitonaea'le* = retroperito¬ 
neal SPACE. Spa'tia zonula'ria*, a series of spaces 
between the zonula and the hyaloid membrane; 
zonular spaces: segments of the canal of Petit. [L.l 


SPATULA 


906 


SPECTRO- 


spat'u-la. A broad instrument like a knife with 
blunt edges, for spreading ointments, depressing 
the tongue, smoothing the iris into place 
after iridectomy, etc, S. mal'lei, the 
flat extremity of the handle of 
the malleus, attached to the mem- 
brana tympani. fspat'u-late; spat'- 
u-lat-ed. 

spav'in. A swelling of the hocksjoint 
of horses, or that joint between the 
knee and the fetlock. Blood s., a 
swelling on the inside of a horse’s 
hock, formed by a dilated vein. Bog 
s., an encysted tumor on the inside of 


a horse’s hock. Bone s., disease of 



SPATULAIE 

Leaf. 


the bones of a horse’s hocksjoint. 

High s., an enlargement or tumor on 
the upper part of the inside of the neck, j-spav'ined. 
spawl. = Saliva*. 

spay. To remove the ovaries, especially of an ani¬ 
mal. ^Emasculate; oophorectomy, -j-spay'ing. 
speak'ers’ cramp. =Dysphonia clericorum. 
speak'ing pulse. = Watershammer pulse. 
spear. An unibarbed protoplasmic projection from 
the apex of the head of a spermatozoon, 
spear'mint. = Mentha viridis*. 
spe'ci al anatomy, c®- Anatomy. S. lamellae = Ha¬ 
versian lamellae, S. pathology, the pathology 
of special organs, S. reagent, reagent, S. 
sense, any one of the five senses, 
spe'ci-a-list. A person devoted to a specialty or a 
particular pursuit, or to the treatment of a special 
disease or of a particular organ, as the eye, the 
ear, etc. fspe'ci-a-lism. spe'ci-al-ty. 
spe*ci-al-i-za'tion. The act of specializing: a term 
employed in medicine either to denote the deter¬ 
mination of a disease or symptoms at first con¬ 
founded with others, or to indicate that a symp¬ 
tom assumes a welLdefined or special character, 
spe'cies. i. One of the constituent groups of a 
genus including connected or coherent groups of 
organisms which do not differ from one another 
beyond a slight individual variation. 2. A me¬ 
dicinal preparation, usually a powder, of dried 
herbs, used in making infusions, decoctions, etc.; 
a teaspowder. S. ad infu'sum pectora'le = S. pec- 
torales. S. anthelmin'ticae, a preparation of 
equal parts of chamomile, absinthium, santonica, 
and tansy. S. aromat'icae, a mixture of 2 parts 
each of garden thyme, wild thyme, peppermint, 
and lavender and i part each of cubeb and cloves. 
S. diuret'icae, a preparation made of equal parts 
of roots of asparagus, fennel, lovage, parsley, and 
butchers’ broom. S. emollien'tes, the N. F. name 
for emollient species, a powder made from equal 
parts of althaea leaves, mallow leaves, melilot tops, 
matricaria, and flaxseed; emollient cataplasm. S. 
laxan'tes, the N, F. name for a mixture of 16 parts 
of cut senna, 10 parts of elder flowers, 5 parts of 
bruised fennel, 5 parts of bruised anise, and 4 
parts of potassium bitartrate; St. Germain tea. S. 
ligno'rum = wood tea. S. pectora'les, the N. F. 
name for a mixture of 8 parts of peeled althaea, 
4 parts of colt’s=foot leaves, 3 parts of Russian 
glycyrrhiza, 2 parts of anise, 2 parts of mullein 
flowers, and i part of orris root; breast tea; species 
ad infusum pectorale. S. sudorif'icae =wood tea. 
jpe-cif'ic. I, Relating to a species; distinguishing 
one species from another. 2. Suited for a partic¬ 
ular purpose, as a S. remedy. 3. Produced by a 
special cause. 4. A specific remedy; a remedy 
supposed to have a peculiar efficacy in the cure 


of a particular disease, or one which has a special 
action on some particular organ. S. agglutinin, 
AGGLUTININ. S. cause, a cause which will pro¬ 
duce some special or specific disease. S. disease, 
any disease produced by a special cause, as syphi¬ 
lis and the eruptive fevers. (This term is fre¬ 
quently used as a euphemism for syphilis.) S. 
germ, a micro-organism. S. gravity, the weight 
of a body compared with that of another of equal 
volume taken as a standard: hydrogen is the 
standard for gases, and distilled water for fluids 
and solids. ^Gr.avity. S.sgravity beads=Lovi’s 
BEADS. S. heat, the amount of heat necessary to 
raise the unit volume of a given substance through 
1° C. S. inflammation, any special type of bac¬ 
terial inflammation, such as erysipelatous inflam¬ 
mation and syphilitic inflammation. S. intensity, 
the number of persons living at a given age divi¬ 
ded by the number dying at that age. S. medi¬ 
cine — SPECIFIC, def. 4. S. myositis, syphilitic 
myositis. S. name, the spECiES-name in zoology 
or botany. S. remedy = specific, def. 4. S. ro¬ 
tation, the polariscopic dextrorotation produced 
by a 10 cm. column of 100% solution of a given 
substance at a standard temperature: usually re¬ 
ferred to the wave length of the sodium flame. 
S. stain, a stain which has a peculiar affinity for 
certain tissues. S. treatment, treatment by a 
specific remedy; antisyphilitic treatment. S. 
urethritis, gonorrhoea. S. volume, the volume of 
a body compared with the volume of an equal 
weight of another body taken as a standard, ts- 
Atomic VOLUME, tspe-ci-fic'i-ty; spe-cif'ic-ness. 
spe-cil'lum ce'reum. A bougie. [L., “waxy probe.”] 
spec'i-men. An example; a sample; especially a 
microscopic one. S.scooler, a small water-cell, 
directly beneath a microscopic specimen, 
speckled leech. = Sanguisuga medicinalis. 
spec'ta-cles. An optical instrument consisting of 
two lenses set in a frame and designed to remedy 
imperfections of the eye or to increase its power 
of vision; “glasses.” Varieties are Bifocal, 
Compound, Decentred, Divided or Franklin 
(— bifocal). Pantoscopic, Periscopic, Pris¬ 
matic, and Stenopeic. 

spec'tral. Relating to or produced by the spectrum. 
S. analysis = spectroscopic analysis. S. ocular, 
an ocular having a direct vision spectroscope con¬ 
nected with it. S. fortification = TEicHOPsiA. 
spec'tro-. Relating to a spectrum: a combining form. 
spec'tro-co-lo-rim'e-ter, a form of ophthalmospec- 
troscope used in detecting color-blindness limited 
to one color.— spec-trol'o-gy, the science of spec¬ 
tra and of spectrum analysis.— spec-trom'e-try, 
ts- SPECTRUM ANALYSIS.— spec*tro-mi'cro-scope = 
MICROSPECTROSCOPE.— spcc'tro-phone, an appa¬ 
ratus for the production of sounds by means of 
spectrum rays. — spec’tro-pho-tom'e-ter. i. An 
apparatus for determining the amount of color in 
spectrum analysis. 2. An instrument for meas¬ 
uring the light-sense by means of the spectrum. 
3. An apparatus for mixing colors devised by 
Helmholtz. fspec’tro-pho-tom'e-try.— spec’tro- 
po-la-rim'e-ter, a combined polariscope and spec¬ 
troscope.— spec'tro-scope, an instrument designed 
for the formation and examination of the spec¬ 
trum formed by the passage of luminous rays 
through a prism or a series of prisms, fspec-tro- 
scop'ic, as S. analysis, the determination of the 
composition of a body by means of the spectro¬ 
scope.— spec-tros'co-py, the art or science of 
using the spectroscope; the science of the radiant 



SPECTRUM 


90 / 


atom, having for its object the general description 
of radiation, including the production, analysis, 
registration, and the measurement of radiation.—. 
spec-tro-ther'a-py, therapeutic use of spectral rays, 
spec'tnim, pi. spec'tra. A band, consisting of red, 
orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, 
into which a beam of white light is decomposed 
during its passage through a prism (Dispersion s.) 
or diffraction grating (Diffraction s.). ^ Absorp¬ 
tion s.; CHEMICS.; CHROMATICS.; CONTINUOUS 
s. ; OCULAR s. ; solars.; therm.\l s. ; teichopsia. 
S. analysis, a method of qualitative analysis 
based on the combustion of different bodies. S. 
of consciousness, the comparison of the range of 
man’s consciousness to the solar spectrum, 
spec'u-lum, pi. spec'ula. i. An instrument, usually 
tubular, for widening natural openings of passages, 
or keeping parts separate, so as to obtain a view 
of what is within, as 
an EARS, RECTAL, or 
VAGINAL SPECULUM. 

IS"Endoscope; Cus¬ 
co’s S.; DUCKsBILLED 

s.; Sims’s s. 2. The 
shining surface of an 
aponeurosis. S. lu'- 
cidum, the septum lu- 
cidum. S. helmon'ti, the central tendon of the dia¬ 
phragm. S. rhomboi'deum, the aponeurosis be¬ 
tween the shouldersblades, formed by the trapezii 
muscles, fspec'u-lar, as 5. trow = hematite. 
spe-dalsk'hed. The local name for a form of lepra 
endemic around Bergen, Norway. i^Radesyge. 
speech. The faculty of uttering articulate sounds; 
the act of speaking, is- Aphasia; dysphonia; 
SCANNING s. S.scentre, the cerebral centre which 
regulates the organs of speech; Broca’s convolu¬ 
tion. Situated in the third left frontal convolution 
surrounding the ascending and horizontal rami of 
the anterior limb of the sylvian fissure. S.sreading, 
the reading of the movements of the lips by deaf* 
mutes. S.stract, fibres uniting the speech*centre 
with the nuclei of the nerves controlling phonation. 
speed mania. An explosion of physical and psy¬ 
chical energy seen in the hurry of modern life, 
as in the fast driving of an automobile, 
speed'well. = Veronica officinalis. 
speed'y cut. An injury on the inner side of a 
horse’s front leg caused by the opposite foot. 
Spee’s embryo. A 2 mm. embryo described by 
Count V. Spec. 

Spen'cersWells face. The suffering expression in 
cases of ovarian disease, especially when of a 
malignant nature; facies ovarica. 
spend. To ejaculate semen. 

Spen'der's lime ointment. An ointment made by 
incorporating 4 parts of washed slaked lime 
with I part of fresh lard and 3 parts of olive oil. 
spent acid. A battery^acid too weak for use. 
Sperino’s operation (spe-n'noz). Repeated para¬ 
centesis of the aqueous humor for cataract, 
sperm. = Semen, def. 2. S.sball, a spherical mass 
of spermatozoa. S.scell. i. A spermatozoon. 2. 
A cell which develops into a spermatozoon; a 
spermatoblast. S.smorula = spermosphere. S.s 
mother cell, Lankester’s term for the spherical 
male germs of the malaria parasite, as found in 
the mosquito. [H G. ’07.] S.snucleus, the nucleus 
of a spermatozoon. S.soil, a yellow oil obtained 
from the blubber of the sperm-whale. S.spronu- 
cleus, a male pronucleus. S.srope, a string of 
spermatozoa in a spermatophore. 


SPERMATI5 

sper'ma*, gen. sper'matis. i. Semen. 2. Incor¬ 
rectly, spermaceti. [<aTtepfj,a seed or semen.] 

sper-ma-cet'i. =Cetaceum*. S. cerate = cera- 

TUM CETACEI. 

sper-ma-cra'si a. That condition in which the se 
men lacks spermatozoa. 

sper'ma-duct. A spermatic duct; a male seminal 
passage; the vas deferens. 

sper'ma-gem. = Spermosphere, 

sper'ma-list. = Spermatist. 

sper'ma-ry. The male germsgland in the lower ani¬ 
mals in which spermatozoa are generated. 

sper-ma-ta-cra'si a, sper-ma-ta-cra'ti a. = Sperma- 

CRASIA. 

sper’ma-tem-phrax'is. Obstruction to the discharge 
of semen. 

sper-ma-than'a-ton. A proprietary pastille for in¬ 
sertion into the vagina to prevent conception. 

sper-mat'ic. i. Relating to the semen; seminal. 
2. Conveying the semen. S. animalcule = sper¬ 
matozoon. S. artery, or internal s. artery, a 
branch of the abdominal aorta accompanying the 
spermatic cord and distributed to the testicle; 
A. spermaiica interna*. External s. artery, the 
cremasteric artery. S. calculus, a concretion in a 
seminal vesicle. S. canal, i. The inguinal canal. 
2. Any spermatic duct, as the vas deferens. S. 
cartridge = spermatophore. S. cone = conus 
VASCULOSUS. S. cord, the cord by which the 
testicle is suspended; funiculus spermaticus* 
It passes through the inguinal canal to the tes¬ 
ticle, and consists of the vas deferens, the sper¬ 
matic and cremasteric arteries, the artery of the 
vas deferens, the spermatic veins, lymphatics, 
and the spermatic nerve-plexus. These are en¬ 
closed in a sheath which consists, from within 
outward, of an offshoot of the transversalis fascia 
{internal spermatic fascia, infundibuliform fascia, 
or fascia propria), the cremasteric fascia, con¬ 
taining bundles of the cremaster muscle, the ex¬ 
ternal spermatic fascia or intercolumnar fascia, 
dartos, and skin. S. crystals = prostatic crys¬ 
tals. S. cyst, a cyst in the testicle filled with 
liquid containing spermatozoa and other bodies. 
S. duct, the vas deferens. External s. fascia = in¬ 
tercolumnar FASCIA. Internal s. fascia, a layer 
of fascia derived from the transversalis fascia and 
forming the innermost sheath of the spermatic 
cord; infundibuliform fascia. S. filament, a 
spermatozoon. S. ganglia, several ganglionic 
masses seen in the aortic and spermatic plexuses 
where branches join from the sympathetic trunk. 
External s. nerve, the genital branch of the gen- 
itocrural nerve, passing through the inguinal 
canal and supplying the cremaster and dartos; 
N. spermaticus externus*. S. nucleus, the male 
pronucleus. S. passages, the passages that con¬ 
vey the semen, including the seminiferous tu¬ 
bules, straight tubules, rete testis, vas deferens, 
and ejaculatory duct. S. plexus, i. A branch of 
the renal nerve-plexus extending down upon the 
spermatic artery; plexus spermaticus*. 2. The 
pampiniform plexus. S. rete = rete testis. S. 
sac, a sac containing a number of spermatozoa. 
S. veins, veins corresponding to the spermatic 
arteries and emptying into the inferior vena cava, 
sper-mat'i-co-re'nal ganglion. A plexus formed by 
the inferior branches of the renal plexus and dis¬ 
tributed to the spermatic artery and the kidney 
sper'ma-tid. A seminal cell. 

sper'ma-tin. An albuminoid substance obtained 
from the seminal fluid of animals. 



SPERMATISM 


908 


SPERMO- 


sper'ma-tism. i. The emission ot semen, 2. The 
doctrine which maintains that the germ in ani¬ 
mals is produced by spermatozoa, fsper^ina-tist. 

sper-ma-ti'tis. Inflammation of the spermatic cord; 
funiculitis. 

sper'ma-to-. Relating to semen; spermo-; a com¬ 
bining form. [<o-7rfp//a seed.] sper-ma-to'al, re¬ 
lating to a spermatozoon.— sper'ma-to-blast, a 
bud=like cell, the transformed daughter cell, 
formed by division of a spermatospore, from which 
a spermatozoon is produced; spermatocyte; nema- 
toblast. fsper’ma-to-blas'tic. — sper'ma-to-cele, 
a cyst of the testicle or epididymis containing 
spermatozoa. — sper’ma-to-clem'ma, involuntary 
escape of semen in the daytime.— sper'ma-to-cyst. 
I. A seminal vesicle; also a spermatic cyst. 2. 
The germinal cell (daughter cell) from which the 
spermatozoon develops, fspefma-to-cys'tic. — 
sper-ma-to-cys-tec'to-my, the excision of a sper¬ 
matic cyst. — sper-ma-to-cys’ti-dor-rha'gi a, the 
discharge of bloody semen.— sper’ma-to-cys'tis 
= sperm ATOCYST. — sper'ma-to-cys-ti'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of a seminal vesicle.— spefma-to-cys-tot'- 
o-my, incision of a seminal vesicle.— sper'ma-to- 
cyte, one of the daughter cells whose nuclei form 
the spermatoblasts; less correctly, a spermato¬ 
blast. tsper*nia-to-cy'tal. — sper‘ma-to-gem'ma, 



Diagram Illustrating Phases of One Complete 
Cycle of Spermatogenesis. —Sequence of figures 
shows in detail growth (1-6) and division (7-8) of 
spermatophore; growth and division of primary sper¬ 
matocyte (9-19) into secondary spermatocytes; divi¬ 
sion of latter (20-21) into spermatids (22-24) ; fusion 
of these with Sertoli cell to form spermatoblast (25- 
26); differentiation (27-31) and final liberation (32)of 
spermatozoa. (From Piersol, after Ebner.) 

a mass of spermatocytes.— sper'ma-to-gen'e-sis, 
sper-ma-tog'e-ny, the development of spermato¬ 
zoa. tsper-ma-to-ge-net'ic, sper-ma-to-gen'ic, 
sper-ma-tog'e-nous, as 5 . c£’//s= seminal cells, 
— sper‘ma-to-go'ni a, sper-ma-tog'o-ny, secretion 
of semen. fsper'ma-to-go'ni um, a spermato¬ 
spore.— sper'ma-toid. i. Resembling semen. 
2. The flagellated or male form of the malarial 
microparasite.— sper-ma-toFo-gy, that branch 
of physiology which treats of the secretion and 
nature of semen. fsper-ma-to-log'i-cal.— sper- 
ma-tol'y-sis, the dissolution of spermatozoa.— 
sper'ma-to-mere, an element formed by the seg¬ 
mentation of a spermatospore. — sper‘ma-to- 


mer'i-ten, -mer'ite — merit. — sper-ma-to'on, a 

nucleus from which a spermatozoon may be de¬ 
veloped; a spermatoblast.— sper’ma-to-path'i a, 
sper-ma-top'a-thy, a disordered or diseased con¬ 
dition of the semen.— sper-ma-to-pho'bi a. i. 
An anxious state of mind of persons who be¬ 
lieve themselves to be affected with sperma¬ 
torrhoea. 2. A morbid dread of coming in 
contact with semen.— sper'ma-to-phore. i. A 
spermatospore, or rather that part of a sper¬ 
matospore which does not develop into sper¬ 
matoblasts. 2. A case, or sheath, enclosing 
spermatozoa, sper-ma-toph'o-ral, -ous. — sper-- 
ma-to-pla'ni a, metastasis of semen.— sper*ma-to- 
poi-et'ic, producing or promoting the secretion 
of semen.— sper'ma-tor-rhoe'a, an involuntary 
emission of semen without copulation; especially, 
such an emission when without sexual desire. 
It is termed False when the fluid contains no 
spermatozoa (prosiatorrhaea), and Truepivhen sper¬ 
matozoa are present. S. dormien'tum, nocturnal 
emission of semen. S. ring, a ring of metal, 
furnished with sharp points, to be worn on the 
penis during sleep, to prevent emissions of semen 
by waking the patient upon the occurrence of 
erection.— sper-ma-tos'che-sis, want or suppres¬ 
sion of semen.— sper'ma-to-some = spermato¬ 
zoon. — sper'ma-to-sphere = spermatoblast. — 
sper'ma-to-spore, a cell developed in the seminal 
tubules and breaking up into spermatocytes 
whose nuclei form the spermatoblasts; a ger¬ 
minal or seminal cell.— sper*ma-to-tox'in, sper- 
ma-tox'in, a cytotoxin produced by the injec¬ 
tion of spermatozoa of one animal into a differ¬ 
ent species of animals; spermolysin: it dissolves 
spermatozoa.— sper-ma-to'vum, an impregnated 
ovum.— sper'ma-to-ze'mi a = spermatorrhcea. 
— sper'ma-to-zo'i-cide, an agent which destroys 
spermatozoa.— sper-ma-to-zo'id. i. = Sperma¬ 
tozoon. 2. One of the filiform bodies of the 
microgametocyte. Malaria. — sper*ma-to- 

zo'dn, pi. -zo'a, the microscopic male sexual 
element resembling in shape an elongated tad¬ 
pole, about $oju in length, consisting of an en¬ 
larged portion, or head, 3 to sp, an inconspicu¬ 
ous middle piece, and an elongated flagellum, or 
tail. It is found in semen in large numbers (100,- 
000,000 or more in a single ejaculation), fsper’- 
ma-to-zo'al, -zo'ic. 

sper-ma-tu'ri a. The presence of semen in the urine. 
sperm'=cen-tre. The spermatic centrosomes during 
the fertilization of an ovum, 
sper'mic. = Spermatic. 
sper'mi-duct. = Vas deferens. 
sper'min. A preparation of the prostate gland and 
testicle of animals; testicle=juice, 
sper'mine. A crystalline leucomaine, C^HgN, ob¬ 
tained from human semen, sputum, and viscera. 
S. phosphate, Charcot=Neumann crystals. 
sper'mism. =Spermatism. tsper'mist. 
sper'mo-. Relating to semen; spermato-: a com¬ 
bining form. {KaTri'piia seed.] sper'mo-blast = 
spermatoblast. — sper-mo-coc'cus, the “ nu¬ 
cleus ” of a spermatozoon. — sper-mog'e-nous, 
producing spermatozoa.— sper'mo-lith, a seminal 
calculus. — sper-mol'o-gy = spermatology. — 
sper-mo-lor'o-pex-y, the introduction of the tes¬ 
ticle into the scrotum and the fixation of the 
spermatic cord in cases of retention of the tes¬ 
ticle within the inguinal canal.— sper-mol'y-sin, 
Metchnikoff’s term for spermatotoxin. — sper- 
mol'y-sis, dissolution of spermatozoa.— sper'mo- 






SPERMULE 


909 


SPHENO- 


neu-ral'gi a, neuralgic pain in the spermatic 
cord. sper-mo-nu'cle us, the male pronucleus. 

— sper-mo'on, an impregnated ovum.— sper*mo- 
phleb-ec-ta'si a, varicosis of the spermatic veins. 

— sper-moph'o-rum, a seminal vesicle.— sper'mo- 
plasm, the protoplasm of a spermatoblast.— sper- 
mor-rhoe'a =spermatorrhcea. — sper'mo-sphere, 
a mass of spermatoblasts formed by segmentation 
of a spermatospore.— sper'mo-spore =spermato- 
SPORE. — sper-mo-tox'in = spermatotoxin. — 
sper-mo-zo'dn = spermatozoon. 

sper'inule. = Spermatozoon. 
spes phthi'sica. The hopeful temperament found 
in the consumptive. [L.] 

Sp. gr. Abbr. for specific gravity. 

Sph. Abbr. for spherical lens. 

sphac-e-la'tion, sphac'e-lism. Mortification of some 
part; gangrene; necrosis; sloughing, fsphac'e- 
late. sphac'e-lated. 

spha-cel'ic acid. An active principle of ergot, 
sphac'e-lo-der'ma. Gangrene of the skin. ^ Ray¬ 
naud’s DISEASE. 

sphac'e-lo-tox'in. i. = Spasmotoxin. 2. Impure 
ergotoxin. 

sphac'e-lus. i. Cold gangrene attended with putre¬ 
faction of all or of a large portion of an extremity. 

Mummification. 2. Also, the gangrenous 
part. 3. A slough, fsphac'e-loid; sphac'e-lous. 
sphaer-aes-the'si a. Sensation as of the presence of 
a spherical body. 

Sphaeran'thus in'dicus. An East Indian plant 
abounding in an essential oil: deobstruent, aphro¬ 
disiac, alterative, and tonic, 
sphae'ro-. =Sphero-. 

sphae-ro-bac-te'ri a. Approximately spherical bac¬ 
teria: a group of bacterial micro=organisms to 
which the micrococci belong. 

Sphaerococ'cus. i. A genus of bacteria, of which 
5. a'cidi lac'tici causes lactic acid fermentation in 
milk. 2. A genus of algae, as 5 . compres'sus,ivir- 
nishing agar-agar. [<o-paZpa ball-t-zcd/c/fo^- berry.] 
Sphaerogy'na ventrico'sa. An acarid parasitic upon 
the larvae of certain insects, but sometimes troub¬ 
ling laborers in wheatsfields. 
sphae-ro'ma. Any globular body. [< a(/>aZp« sphere.] 
spha-gi-as'mus. i. Contraction of the muscles of 
the neck in epilepsy. 2. = Petit mac. 
spha-gi'tis. Inflammation of the jugular vein. 
Sphag'num. A genus of mosses, called bog mosses 
or peat mosses, various species of which are 
used in antiseptic “ moss dressings” for surgery, 
sphe-nen-ceph'a-lus. = Sphenocephalus. 
sphe-neth-moi'dal. = Spheno=ethmoidal. 
sphe'ni on. A craniometrical point situated at the 
apex of the sphenoidal angle of the parietal bone 
on the surface of the skull, 
spheno-, sphenoido- (sfi'no-, sfi-noi'do-). Denoting 
(i) relation to the sphenoid bone; (2) wedge* 
shaped: combining forms. [<cr^//p wedge.] sphe- 
no-bas'i-lar, relating to the sphenoid bone and the 
basilar part of the occipital bone, as 5 . groove, the 
groove on the body of the sphenoid bone and the 
basilar portion of the occipital bone, on which 
the pons rests.— sphe-noc-cip'i-tal, pertaining to 
the sphenoid and the occipital bone.— sphe-no- 
ceph'a-lus, a monster with a wedge*shaped head, 
due to a projection of the region of the anterior 
fontanel. fsphe'no-ce-pha'li a. — sphemoseth- 
moi'dal, pertaining to both the sphenoid and 
the ethmoid bone, as 5 . cells, that group of the 
ethmoidal cells which occupies the lower pos¬ 
terior part of tlie ethmoid bone: 5 . nerve, the 


posterior ethmoidal nerve: S. recess, a recess in 
the angle formed by the cribriform plate of 
the ethmoid and the body of the sphenoid; 
recessus sphenoethmoidalis*: and 5 . suture, the 
suture between the sphenoid and ethmoid 
bones; sutura sphenoelhmoidalis*. — sphe-no- 
fron'tal, pertaining to both the sphenoid and 
the frontal bone, as S. articulation or suture, 
a long, horizontal suture between the orbital 
plates of the frontal bone and the orbitosphe- 
noids and between the external angular proc¬ 
esses of the frontal and the alisphenoids; sutura 
sphenojrontalis* : S. crest, that edge of the malar 
bone which articulates with the sphenoid below 
and the frontal above: and S. foramen, a foramen 
in the cartilaginous base of the skull between 
the labyrinths of the ethmoid, the small wings 
of the sphenoid, and the anterior sphenoid; 
Spondel’s foramen.— sphe'noid and sphe-noi'dal, 
see in vocabulary place below.— sphe-noi'de um 
= SPHENOID BONE. — sphe-noi-di'tis, inflamma¬ 
tion of a sphenoidal sinus.— sphe-noi'dosau-ric'- 
u-lar index, the ratio of the least sphenoidal 
diameter of the skull to the least auricular 
diameter.— sphe-noi*do-fron'tal index, the ratio 
of the least sphenoidal diameter of the skull 
to the least frontal diameter. — sphe-noi'do-pa- 
ri'e-tal index, the ratio of the least sphenoidal 
diameter of the skull to the greatest parietal 
diameter. — sphe-no-ma'lar, pertaining to the 
sphenoid and the malar bone, as 5 . fissure, a 
vertical fissure in the orbit between the sphenoid 
and malar bones. It contains a very small 
foramen ( 5 . foramen) which transmits the 
temporal branch of the orbital nerve.— sphemo- 
man-dib'u-lar ligament, a thin, loose, ligamentous 
band attached above to the alar spine of the 
sphenoid and the temporal bone, and inserted 
into the mandibular spine of the lower jaw; 
sphenomaxillary ligament; long internal lateral 
ligament; ligamentum sphenomandihulare*. — 
sphe-no-max'il-la-ry, pertaining to the sphenoid 
and maxillary bones, as 5 . crest, the ridge 
separating the sphenomaxillary and infra¬ 
temporal surfaces of the sphenoid bone: S. fis¬ 
sure, the interval at the back part of the orbit 
between the body of the superior maxillary bone 
and the great wing of the sphenoid; fissura 
orbiialis inferior"^'. S. foramen, the long, elliptical 
aperture formed by the external border of the 
orbital surface of the superior maxilla and the 
lower border of the great wing of the sphenoid, 
opening into the outer and back part of the 
orbit: S. fossa, a wedge*shaped cavity at the an¬ 
gle where the pterygomaxillary and sphenomax¬ 
illary fissures meet: 5 . ligament = sphenoman- 
dibular ligament: and S. surface, that part of 
the external surface of the great wing of the 
sphenoid presented to the zygomatic fossa; 
facies sphenomaxillaris* . — sphe-nom'e-ter, an in¬ 
strument for measuring a wedgesshaped piece of 
bone removed in operations for the correction of 
curvatures.— sphe’no=oc-cip'i-tal, relating to the 
sphenoid and occipital bones.— sphe-no=or'bi- 
tal, relating to the sphenoid bone and the orbit. 
— sphe-no-pal'a-tine, relating to the sphenoid and 
the palate bone, as S. artery, a continuation of 
the internal maxillary artery passing through the 
sphenopalatine foramen and distributed to the 
walls of the nasal fossae and associated air¬ 
spaces; A. sphenopalatina*-: S. cana/=PTERVGO' 
PALATINE canal: 5 . forameu, a foramen imme- 


SPHENOID 


910 


SPHERE 


diately below the superior turbinal crest of the 
palate bone, transmitting the sphenopalatine 
vessels and the superior nasal and nasopalatine 
nerves; foramen sphenopalatinum*: S. ganglion, 
a small, reddish*gray body situated in the sphe¬ 
nomaxillary fossa, connected with the superior 
maxillary branch of the trifacial nerve, the 
facial nerve, and the sympathetic, and sending 
branches to the orbit, the palate, and the nose; 
Meckel’s ganglion; ganglion sphenopalatinum*: 
S. nerves, branches from the superior maxillary 
nerve to the sphenopalatine ganglion; nervi 
sphenopalatinae* : S. notch, the space between the 
orbital and sphenoidal processes of the palate 
bone which goes to form the sphenopalatine 
foramen; incisura sphenopalatina*: S. plexus, a 
plexus of fine nerves sometimes seen in place of 

• the sphenopalatine nerves: and5. wt«5, branches 
of the pterygoid plexus accompanying the spheno¬ 
palatine artery.— sphe*no-pal-a-ti'nus, the leva¬ 
tor palati or petrosalpingostaphylinus muscle.— 
sphemo-pa-ri'e-tal, relating or pertaining to the 
sphenoid and parietal bones, as S. index = sphe- 
NoiDOPARiETAL INDEX: 5. sinus, the anterior part 
of the cavernous sinus of the dura mater where 
it communicates with the ophthalmic vein; sinus 
sph^noparietalis*: and 5. suture, the suture be¬ 
tween the great wing of the sphenoid and the 
anterior and inferior angle of the parietal bone; 
sutura sphenoparietalis*. — sphe*no-pe-tro'sal, per¬ 
taining or relating to the sphenoid and petrosal 
bones, as 5. fissure, the fissure at the base of the 
skull between the apex of the petrous bone and 
the great wing of the sphenoid; fissura spheno¬ 
petrosal: S. lamina, the horizontal lamina of 
bone projecting back from the foramen spinosum 
of the sphenoid bone: and 5. suture = petro- 
SPHENOIDAL SUTURE. — sphemo-phar-yn-gc'us, 
an occasional portion of the elevator of the 
pharynx arising from the spine of the sphenoid. 

— sphe-no-pter'y-goid, relating or pertaining to 
the sphenoid and pterygoid bones.— sphe*no-pter- 
y-go-pal-a-ti'nus or sphemo-sal-pin’go-staph-y-li'- 
nus, the tensor palati muscle.— sphe-no'sis, a wedg¬ 
ing of the foetus in the pelvis.— sphe-no-spi'nous, 
relating to the spinous process or foramen of the 
sphenoid bone, as 5. artery, the middle meningeal 
artery, and S. foramen, the spinous foramen. — 
sphemo-squa-mo'sal, sphe-no-squa'mous, relating 
to the sphenoid bone and the squamous portion 
of the temporal, as 5. suture. — sphe'no-staph-y- 
li'nus, the levator palati muscle.— sphe-no-tem'- 
po-ral, relating or belonging to the sphenoid 
and temporal bones, as 5. suture, the suture 
between the sphenoid and temporal bones. 

— sphe-not'ic, a bone of the foetus which 
afterward forms the parts of the sphenoid bone 
around the carotid groove. — sphe-no-tre'si a, 
destruction of the base of the fetal skull in crani¬ 
otomy.—■ sphe'no-tribe, an instrument for crush¬ 
ing the base of the fetal skull, fsphe-no-trip'sy. 

— sphe-no-tur'bi-nal bone, the thin, curved plate 
of bone in front of each of the lesser wings of the 
sphenoid; pyramid of Wistar; cornet of Bertin; 
cornu sphenoidale.— sphe-no-vo'me-rine, relating 
to the sphenoid bone and the vomer, as 5. artic¬ 
ulation. 

sphe'noid. i. Resembling a wedge ; cuneiform. 2 . 
Sphenoidal. S. bone, the irregular bat=shaped 
bone at the base of the skull between the occip¬ 
ital and ethmoid bones; os sphenoidale*. It aids 
in forming the orbits, the nasal, sphenomaxillary. 


and zygomatic fossae, and the superior wall of the 
pharynx. S. plexus, the upper part of the inter¬ 
nal carotid plexus. [ < L. sphenoi'des, fr.' a(f>T]v 
wedge-t-fMof form or resemblance.] 



Front View of Sphenoid Bone. — i. Ethmoidal process. 
2. Sphenoidal crest and rostrum. 3. Sphenoidal sinus. 

4. Small wing. 5. Optic foramen. 6. Sphenoidal for¬ 
amen. 7. Rotund foramen. 8. Orbital surface of great 
wing. 9. Temporal surface of same. 10. Ridge sep¬ 
arating the temporal and zygomatic surfaces. 11. Vag¬ 
inal process. 12. Pterygoid canal. 13. Entoptery- 
goid process. 14. Hamular process. 15. Ectoptery- 
goid process. 16. Angular process. 17. Oval foramen. 
18. Spinous foramen. (Leidy.) 

sphe-noFdal. i. Belonging to the sphenoid bone. 
2. Relating to the temporosphenoidal lobe of the 
brain. S. angle, i. An angle formed by lines 
from the ephippiumto the basion and the nasion; 

5. angle of Welcker. 2. The anterior and inferior 
angle of the parietal bone; angulus sphenoidalis*. 
S. artery, a branch of the middle cerebral artery 
to the sphenoid lobe. S. cells, those of the eth¬ 
moidal cells formed by union with the sphenoid 
bone. S. cornua = sphenoturbinal bone. S. 
crest, the median ridge on the anterior surface of 
the sphenoid bone running downward from the 
ethmoid spine; crista sphenoidalis*. It articulates 
with the ethmoid nasal plate to form the partition 
of the nose. S. diameter, the least transverse 
diameter of the skull measured in the temporal 
fossa. S. fissure, the space between the great and 
the small wing of the sphenoid bone; fissura orbi- 
talis superior*. S. fontanel, an occasional fon¬ 
tanel in the region of the antero*inferior angle of 
the parietal bone; fonticulus sphenoidalis*. S. 
foramen, the opening by which the sphenoidal 
sinus communicates with the nasal fossa; aper- 
tura sinus sphenoidalis*. S. ganglion = spheno¬ 
palatine GANGLION. S. lobe = TEMPOROSPHE- 
NoiDAL LOBE. S. plane, the flattened region on 
the upper surface of the sphenoid bone in front 
of the optic groove. S. process. 1. An irregular 
process surmounting the posterior border of the 
palate bone and articulating with the sphenoid 
bone; processus sphenoidalis*. 2. A triangular 
plate on the middle line of the horizontal surface 
of the ethmoid bone, in front of its articulation 
with the sphenoid. S. rostrum = rostrum sphe¬ 
noidale. S. septum, the median laminae of bone 
separating the sphenoidal sinuses; septum sinuum 
sphenoidalium*. S. sinus, one of the large cavities 
subdivided by thin, bony plates, seen in the 
sphenoid bone; sinus sphenoidalis*. S. spine = 
spine of the sphenoid. S. turbinal bone = 

SPHENOTURBINAL BONE. 

sphere, i. A globe or globular body. 2. The cir¬ 
cuit or range of action or influence. Attrac¬ 
tion s.; segmentation s. S.sgranule, a large 
granular cell found in serous exudations. [ < L. 
sphoe'ra fr. G<f>alpa sphere.] tspher'ic, spherT-cal, 


SPHERESTHESIA 


911 


SPICA 


as 5. aberration, aberration: 5 . lens, a lens 
whose concavity or convexity is alike in all 
directions: and S. nucleus = nucleus globosus* 
spher-es-the'si a. = Sph^r^sthesia. 
sphe*ri-o-car-ci-no'ma. A spherical cancer, 
sphe'ro-. Shaped like a sphere; spherical; spH/ERo- , 
a combining form. [ < atpalpa a ball.] spheTo- 
bac-te'ri a = spiiyEROBACTERiA.— sphe-ro-cer'e- 
brin, a compound found in brain^tissue.— sphe- 
ro-cy-lin'dric lens, a spectacle or other lens 
having a spherical surface on one side and a 
cylindrical surface on the other: used for the cor¬ 
rection of hyperopia or myopia associated with 
astigmatism. — sphe'roid, a sphere^like body, 
fsphe-roi'dal, -die, as S. cell, a round cell, and 5 . 
epithelium, epithelium made up of cells approach¬ 
ing the spherical form.— sphe-ro'ma, a spherical 
tumor.— sphe-rom'e-ter, an instrument for meas¬ 
uring the curvature of a surface, as that of a lens, 
spher'ule. A little sphere. 

sphinc'ter. A ring-shaped muscle which by its con¬ 
traction closes a natural orifice. ks-Nelaton’s 
s. ; O’Beirne’s s. S. a'ni, a thin layer of volun¬ 
tary muscular fibres surrounding the anus like an 
ellipse, called AI. sphincter ani externus*', another 
layer of involuntary muscle embracing the lower 
extremity of the rectum, called M. sphincter ani 
internus*. S. a'ni ter'tius, an inconstant circular 
bundle of muscular fibres above the sphincter ani 
internus. S. of Henle = sphincter prostaticus. 
S. of Hyrtl = Nelaton’s s. S. il'ei, the ileo- 
caecal valve. S. i'ridis, the circular muscular 
fibres of the iris; S. pupillaris; musculus circu- 
laris iridis; contractor pupillae; musculus sphinc¬ 
ter pupillcB^. S. labio'rum = SPHINCTER ORIS. S. 
oc'uli, the palpebral portion of the orbicularis 
palpebrarum muscle; S. palpebrarum. S. o'ris, 
the orbicularis oris muscle, situated around the 
mouth. S. palpebra'rum = SPHINCTER ocuLi. S. 
prostat'icus, muscular fibres surrounding the pros¬ 
tatic part of the urethra; S. vesicae externus; S. 
of Henle S. pupilla'ris = S. iridis S. pylo'ri, 
the muscular ring surrounding the pylorus; M. 
sphincter pylori*. S. rec'ti intesti'ni, the sphinc¬ 
ter ani internus. Third s- = Kohlrausch’s fold. 
S. vagi'nae, an elliptical muscle surrounding the 
orifice of the vagina and inserted upon the cor¬ 
pora cavernosa of the clitoris It is the homo- 
logue of the bulbocavemosus in the male. S. 
ves'icse, the thick circular layer of muscle round 
the neck of the bladder. S. ves'icae exter'nus = 
SPHINCTER prostaticus. fsphinc-te'ri al. 
sphinc-te-ral'gi a. Pain at the sphincter ani. 
sphinc-te-rec'to-my. Oblique blepharotomy. 
sphinc-te-ris'mus. Spasm of the sphincter ani. 
sphinc'te-ro-. Relating to a sphincter: a combining 
form, sphinc-te-rol'y-sis, separation of the iris 
from the cornea in anterior synechia.— sphinc'- 
ter-o-plas-ty, plastic formation of an artificial 
sphincter.— sphinc'ter-o-scope, a speculum for in¬ 
spection of the sphincter ani. fsphinc-te-ros'co-py. 
— sphinc-te-rot'o-my, the cutting of a sphincter, 
sphing'o-ine. A leucomaine, Cj^HggNOg. found in 
brain-tissue. fsphing-o-my'e-lin, a compound 
found in brain-substance, sphing'o-sine, an alka¬ 
loid occurring in brain-tissue, 
sphyg'mic, sphyg'mi-cal. Belonging to the pulse, 
sphyg'mo-. Relating to the pulse: a combining 
form. pulse.] sphyg*mo-bo-lom'e- 

ter, an instrument for testing and recording 
the force of the pulse. [If J. A. M. A. j. ’07.] 
sphyg-mo-car'di-o-scope. [If /• A. M. A. j. 06.] 


— sphyg‘mo-ce-pha'li a, throbbing pain in the 
head.— sphyg-mo-chro'no-graph, a registering 
sphygmograph. tsphyg*mo-chro-nog'ra-phy. — 
sphyg-mo-gen'in, a proprietary extract from 
the suprarenal body, contracting the blood¬ 
vessels and increasing arterial tension.— sphyg'- 
mo-gram, the tracing made by a sphygmograph. 
The sphygmogram consists of an abrupt up-stroke 
(primary elevation), followed by an abrupt down- 
stroke, which is succeeded by a more or less 



Marey’s Sphygmograph. 



notched descent.— sphyg'mo-graph, an instru¬ 
ment devised to record the form and force of the 
movements of the arterial pulse: those of Vierordt 
(1853) Marey (i860) being the earliest, 

tsphyg-mo-graph'ic, as 5 . /ra(riwg=sPHYGMOGR am. 
sphyg-mog'ra-phy.— sphyg'moid, resembling the 
pulse; throbbing like the pulse.— sphyg-mol'o- 
gy, the doctrine or science of the pulse.— sphyg*- 
mo-ma-nom'e-ter, an instrument for measuring 
the pressure of 
blood in an ar¬ 
tery: the best 
known varieties 
are those of v. 

Basch, Potain, 

RivaRocci,Stan¬ 
ton, J a n e w a y, 

Faught, Roger, 
and Erlanger. 
fsphyg-mo - ma - 
nom'e-try.— 
sphyg-mom'e-ter, Erlanger’s 

an instrument for Sphygmomanometer 

measuring the frequency or force of the pulse; or, 
according to Hoblyn, an instrument rendering the 
action of the arteries apparent to the eye.— sphyg'- 
mo-pal-pa'tioii, the act of feeling the pulse.— 
sphyg'mo-phone, an instrument employed to en¬ 
able the ear to perceive the rhythm, force, and 
frequency of the pulse.— sphyg'mo-scope, an in¬ 
strument for rendering arterial pulsations visible, 
fsphyg-mos'eo-py. — sphyg-mo-sys'to-le, the time 
during which the systole of the heart modifies or 
influences the pulsation.— sphyg-mo-tech'ne, the 
art of examining the pulse.— sphyg'mo-to-nom'- 
e-ter, an instrument measuring arterial tone, 
sphyg'mus. The pulse, fsphyg'mous. 
sphy'ra. The malleus. [< (Tpvpa hammer.] 
sphy-rec'to-my. The removal of the malleus, 
sphy-rot'o-my. Excision of a portion of the mal¬ 
leus of the ear*with or without part of the mem- 
brana tympani. 
spi'ea. A bandage 
applied in a 
figure-of-8 man¬ 
ner so that the 
turns cross each 
other like the 
branches of the 
letter X: usually 
ascending or descending. 5. nar'di, spikenard. 
[L., “ ear of wheat.”] 



Spica Bandage of Thumb. 
applied to joints, and either 













SPICEsBUSH 


912 


SPINAL 


spicesbush. = Lindera benzoin. 
spice plaster or poultice. A plaster made of cloves, 
cinnamon, ginger, capsicum, camphor, cottonseed 
oil. and lead plaster; aromatic plaster; emplas- 
trum aromaticum. 

spic'u-la. I. The plural of spiculum. 2. An osse¬ 
ous neoplasm which is permeated by ray=like. 
splinters of bone radiating like a crown, 
spic'u-lum, pi. spic'ula. A little spike; a spikelet: 
also applied to a needle=like splinter or fragment, 
as of bone, etc. fspic'u-lar. 
spi'der. Any one of the numerous species of 
Arachnid A comprising the order Aranei'na. 
Among the poisonous species are Taran'tula 
fasciven'tris, Latrodec'ius malmigna'tus, L. mac'- 
ians, Phydip'pus tripuncta'ius, Ana'me heni'zii, 
and A. riley'i. S. cancer, acne rosacea. S.scells, 
Deiters’s neuroglia=cells. GliasCells. S. nae- 
vus, acne rosacea. 

spi'ders’ web. The web of several species of 
spiders: used as a styptic, and formerly as a 
remedy for ague and various nervous disorders, 
spi'der-wort. Tradescan'tia virgin'ica. 

Spiegelberg’s sign (spi'gd-bargz). The sensation 
as of wet Indiasrubber felt by the finger in pass¬ 
ing over the cervix uteri in malignant disease. 
Spiegler’s test (spi'gkrz). A corrosive*sublimate 
and acetic*acid test for albumin. 

Spige'lia*. i. Pink*root, a genus of loganiaceous 
plants. 2. The U. S. P. name for the dried rhi¬ 
zome and roots of S. marilan'dica: used as 
an anthelmintic against As'caris lumbricoi'des. 
Dose, 4 Gm. (60 grs.). Fluidextractum 
SPiGELi^*. S. anthel'mia, a tropical American 
species, having the same properties as 5 . marilan'¬ 
dica. From both these species is obtained spig'- 
e-line, a bitter, nauseous, and purgative principle 
or alkaloid. [ < A. van den Spieghel, Dutch anato¬ 
mist and botanist.] 

Spigelius’s (spigelian) line (spai-ji'li-ts-fz, spai- 
ji'li-an). = Semilunar line. S.’s lobe, a small 
lobe of the liver, extending from the back part of 
the under surface of the right lobe. [Adrianus 
Spigelius, an Italian anatomist and surgeon, 
1578-1625.] 

spike lavender. = Lavandula spica. 
spike'nard. A perfume and stimulant medicine 
procured from Nar'dus in'dica (or Nardos'tackys 
jataman'si), an Indian plant. Spikenard is also 
a popular name ior Ara'lia racemo'sa. American 
S., the plant Ara'lia racemo'sa. 

Spilan'thes. The herb of Spilan'thes olera'cea, a 
tropical composite plant: antiscorbutic, siala- 
gogue, and also used in toothache. 

Spill'man’s soap. ' An olive oil and potash soap 
containing mercury: used in syphilis, 
spi'lo-. Denoting a spot or blemish: a combining 
form. [< (jTriXog stain or blemish.] spi-lo'ma, 
pi. spilom'ata = n^evus maternus. — spi-lo- 
pla'ni a. i. Elephantiasis Graecorum. 2. A 
transitory erythema. — spi-lo-plax'i a, one of 
the red spots seen in various skin diseases, as 
elephantiasis Graecorum, leprosy, pellagra, etc. — 
spi-lo'sis, a discoloration of the skin, 
spi'lus. = N.EVUS MATERNUS. [ < OTT/'/lof Spot.] 
spVnSi*, pX. spi'ncB. = Spine. S. accesso'ria is'chii, 
an occasional projection into the great sciatic 
notch where the ischium and ilium join. S. 
angula'ris* = SPINE of the sphenoid. S. bif'- 
ida, congenital deficiency of some portion of the 
vertebrae, most frequently in the lumbar region, 
with protrusibn of the spinal meninges and usu¬ 


ally of the spinal nerves or spinal cord; hiatus 
spinalis congenitus ; hydrorrhachis dehiscens; 
rhachischisis. nsr Cranioschisis. S. bif'ida oc- 
cul'ta, spina bifida in which the tumor is very 
small or scarcely noticeable. S. dorsa'lis or 
dor'si, the vertebral column. S. ethmoida'lis == 

ETHMOIDAL SPINE. S. ffOntaliS*, NASAL SPINE. 

S. hel'icis*, the spinous process of the helix of 
the ear. Crista helicis. Spi'nae ili'acae* = 
ILIAC SPINES. S. ischiad'ica* or is'chii = SPINE 
OF THE ISCHIUM. S. menta'lis*, mental spine, 
one of the processes on the internal surface of 
the body of the mandible behind the pro- 
TUBERANTiA MENTALis* to which the geniohyo- 
glossus and geniohyoid muscles are attached; 
genial tubercle; spina mentalis interna. e^Tu- 
BERCULUM MENTALE*. S. menta'lis exter'na = 
PROTUBERANTiA MENTALIS. S. menta'lis inter'- 
na = S. MENTALIS*. S. nasa'lis = NASAL spine. 
S. nasa'lis ante'rior* and poste'rior*, e^ nasal 
SPINE. S. nodo'sa = RICKETS. S. scapulae* = 
spine of the scapula. N. sphenoida'lis = 
SPINE OF THE SPHENOID. S. su'pra mea'tum*, 
an eminence just over the superior angle of the 
mastoid process of the temporal bone. S. teg'- 
minis, a bony process above the entrance to the 
mastoid antrum in the middle ear. S. trochlea'- 
ris* = TROCHLEAR SPINE. Spi'nae tympan'icae*, 
the two projecting points of the tympanic plate. 
S. vento'sa, “ windy projection,” a name formerly 
used for various conditions of bone, inflam¬ 
matory or malignant, w'hich had in common the 
expansion of the osseous tissue as if it contained 
air. E^ Arthrocace. [L.] 
spi'nal. Pertaining to the spine or backbone, or to 
the spinal cord. S. abscess, abscess of the spinal 
cord. S. accessory nerve, the eleventh cranial 
nerve. S. accessory nucleus = accessory nu¬ 
cleus. S. accessory spasm = TIC ROTATOiRE. S. 
amaurosis, e^ amaurosis. S. anaemia, i. Insuf¬ 
ficient blood*supply to the spinal cord. 2. = 
Spinal irritation. S. anaesthesia, anaesthesia 
due to lesion of the spinal cord or to the injection 
of various substances, as cocaine, scopolamine, 
etc., into the spinal cord. S. analgesia, analgesia 
due to lesion of the spinal cord or produced by 
the injection of various substances into the spinal 
cord. S. apoplexy, hemorrhage into the spinal 
oord; haematomyelia. S. arteries, the arteries 
supplying the membranes and the substance of 
the spinal cord. The anterior and posterior are 
branches of the vertebral artery, and pass down 
the median line from the foramen magnum; the 
lateral enter the canal by the intervertebral fora¬ 
mina. The substance of the cord is supplied by 
the median, which enter by the anterior and pos¬ 
terior median fissures, the radicular which enter 
at the points of exit of the nerve*roots; and the 
peripheral, which are small branches rtmning 
from the pia mater around the whole circumfer¬ 
ence. S. bulb, the medulla oblongata. S, canal, 
the canal extending through the vertebral column 
and lodging the spinal cord. S. centres, motoi 
centres in the spinal cord. S. column = Verte¬ 
bral column. S. commissure, the transverse 
portion connecting the lateral halves of the spinal 
cord. S. concussion = concussion of the spine. 
S. congestion, congestion. S. convulsion, a 
tetanic convulsion. S. cord, that part of the 
cerebrospinal nervous axis lodged within the 
vertebral canal between the upper border of the 
atlas and the first lumbar vertebra, continuous 


SPINAL 


SPINI- 


above with the medulla and below with the filum 
terminale made up of white nerve»tissue ex¬ 
ternally and gray within, divided in each half 
by the anterior, posterior, and two lateral fissures 
into the anterior, posterior median, posterior. 



Transverse Sections of Spinal Cord. 


and lateral columns; medulla spinalis^. S. cord 
localization, the locating in the spinal cord of 
centres which control certain acts or functions. 
S. curvature, j^scoliosis. S. embolism, embolism 
of an artery of the spinal cord. S. epilepsy, a 
condition seen in spastic paraplegia in which the 
tonic spasm is followed by clonic spasms. S. 
foramina, the intervertebral foramina. S. furrow, 
the furrow which lies exterior to the row of 
lamellae of the vertebral column. S. ganglion, 
any one of the nervesganglia on the posterior 
roots of spinal nerves; ganglion spinale*. S. 
gray, the gray matter of the spinal cord. S. 
gutter, the vertebral groove. S. hemianaesthesia, 
HEMIANESTHESIA. S. hemiplegia, HEMIPLE¬ 
GIA. S. hyperaesthesia, excessive sensitivity of the 
spinal cord. S. incurvation = lordosis. S. ir¬ 
ritation, any condition of functional derangement 
and nervous irritability accompanied by tender¬ 
ness over the spine. S. marrow, the spinal cord. 

Myel-, MYELO-. S. membranes, arachnoid 
mater; dura; pia. S. meningitis, inflammation 
of one or all of the membranes of the spinal cord. 

Meningitis. S. meningocele, meningocele. 
S. muscles, SPINALIS COLLI; spinalis dorsi. S. 
mydriasis, mydriasis. S. myosis, myosis due 
to disease of the spine, such as locomotor ataxia. 
S. nerves, the 31 pairs of nerves which arise in 
the spinal cord and pass out between the verte¬ 
brae; Nn. spinales*. There are 8 cervical (Nn. 
cervicales*) , 12 dorsal or thoracic (Nn. thoracales*), 
5 lumbar (Nn. lumhales*), 5 sacral (Nn. sacrales*), 
and I coccygeal (N. coccygeus) pairs. S. neuras¬ 
thenia == S. irritation. S. pachymeningitis, 
pachymeningitis. S. paralysis, acute anterior 
poliomyelitis. S. point, a craniometrical point 
situated at the anterior nasal spine of the skull, 
or at the middle of the lower border of the ante¬ 
rior nares; the subnasal point. S. reflex, a reflex 
action having its centre in the spinal cord. S. 
region, the region on each side of the spine 
bounded by the outer edges of the vertebral 
groove. S. rheumatism, a mild form of spinal 
meningitis. S. sclerosis, ta- sclerosis. S. seda¬ 
tive, one which lessens the abnormal or func¬ 
tional action of the spinal cord, as the bromides, 
gelsemium, chloral, calabar bean, and the nitrites. 
3. soul, a supposed consciousness in the spinal 
cord, S. stimulant, stimulant. S. syphilis, 
(disease of the spinal cord of syphilitic origin. 
S. system, the spinal cord with its nerves. S. 
tracts, tractus. S. veins, the veins of the 
ppine, forming plexuses around and within the 
bS 


spinal canal along the entire length of the spinal 
column. They may be divided into the following 
sets; (i) veins of the spinal cord; (2) veins of 
the vertebral bodies; (3), (4) anterior and pos¬ 
terior longitudinal, within the vertebral canal on 
the anterior and posterior walls respectively; (5) 
the dorsal, within the vertebral grooves, 
spi-nal'gi a. Painful sensitivity of the vertebral spine 
to pressure. 

spi-na'lis, pi. spina'les. A muscle connected with a 
spinous process of a vertebra. S. cap'itis = rectus. 
CAPITIS POSTICUS major. S. col'li, a small muscle 
connecting the spinous processes of the cervical 
vertebrae; M . spinalis cervicis*. S. dor'si, a muscle 
connecting the spinous processes of the upper lum¬ 
bar and dorsal vertebrae; M. spinalis dorsi*. [L.] 
spi^nant. A medicine which increases the reflex 
excitability of the cord, as strychnine, etc. 
spi'nate. Having thorns; shaped like a spine, 
spin'dle. i. Any spindle=shaped or fusiform part 
or organ. 2. The inner segment of a rod or cone 
of the retina. 3. = 

Nuclear spindle. 

S.::cataract = fusi- 
form cataract. 

S.scell, a spindle* 
shaped or fusiform 
cell. S.scell layer, 
the deep layer of the 
gray matter of the 
cerebral cortex.— 

S.scelled sarcoma, a 
recurrent tumor of 
the connective*tis- 
sue type, chiefly 
composed of elon¬ 
gated fusiform cells. 

There are two varie¬ 
ties, the large-‘celled 
and the smalUcelled 
It corresponds with 
the recurrent fibroid 
of Paget. S.splate, 
that part of a celbplate which lies within the 
nucleus. S.sshaped =»= fusiform. S.stree, a pop¬ 
ular name for the Euon'ymus. 
spine. I. A process or projection of bone. 2. The 
vertebral column, on account of its numerous 
spines or projections, Kyphosis; lordosis; 

RAILWAY BRAIN ; SCOLIOSIS; SPINA. S.sRChe, 

pain in the spine. S. of Civini, a small spine on 
the external border of the outer pterygoid plate, 
giving attachment to the pterygospinous liga¬ 
ment. Concussion of the s., ^ concussion. S. 
of Henle = SPINA supra meatum *. Spines of 
the ilium, iliac spines. S. of the ischium, the 
prominence near the centre of the posterior edge 
of the ischium, for the attachment of the lesser 
sacrosciatic ligament; spina ischiadica*. S. of 
the pubis = pubic spine. S. of the scapula, the 
prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the 
scapula; spina scapulae*. S. of the sphenoid, the 
sharp, pointed, backward prolongation from the 
lower angle of the great wing of the sphenoid; 
spina angularis*. S. of Spix, a spine at the edge 
of the inferior dental foramen, for the attach¬ 
ment of the internal lateral ligament of the jaw. 
S. of the tibia, an eminence projecting upward 
from the head of the tibia. [< L. spi'na spine.] 
spi'ni-, spi'no-. Relating to the spine or spinal 
cord ; rhachi- ; rhachio- : combining forms. 
[<L. spine.] spi-ni-cer'e-bral = cerebro- 



Small Spindle-cell Sarco¬ 
ma.— a. Blood-vessel; b. 
Transverse section of spin¬ 
dle-cells. 



SPINOL 


914 


SPIRANTHES 


SPINAL. — spi-ni-cer'e-brate, possessing both a 
brain and spinal cord. — spi-ni-del'toid, that 
portion of the deltoid muscle which arises from 
the spine of the scapula.— spi-nif'u-gal, moving 
away from the spinal cord.— spi-nip'e-tal, moving 
toward the spinal cord.— spi-ni-rec'tor = erec¬ 
tor spiN^. — spi-ni'tis = MYELITIS, def. 2.— spi*- 
ni-tra-pe'zi us, the spinal portion of the trapezius. 

— spi-no-bul'bar, relating or pertaining to the 
spinal cord and the medulla oblongata, as S. 
neuroses, chorea, tetanus, and paralysis agitans. 

— spi'no-gal-van-i-za'tion, galvanization of the 
spinal cord.— spi-no-glen'oid, pertaining to the 
spine of the scapula and the glenoid cavity, as 
5 . ligament, the ligament connecting the base of 
the spine of the scapula with the margin of the 
glenoid cavity.— spi-no'la = spina bifida. — 
spi-nom'e-ter == scoliometer. — spi-no-mus'cu- 
lar, relating to the spinal cord and the muscles, 
as 5 . segment, motor cells in the medulla and 
cord, and the nerves which originate from them, 
and 5 . paralysis, paralysis in which the lesion is 
in the gray matter of the cord or in the nerves 
arising from it.— spi-no-neu'ral, relating to. or 
having origin in, the spinal cord and the periphe¬ 
ral nerves, as S. atrophy or paralysis, atrophic 
muscular paralysis due to impairment of the 
function of some part of the lower segment of 
the motor tract of the spinal cord; degenerative 
atrophy or paralysis. 

spi'nol. A proprietary extract from spinach leaves, 
containing about 2.6% of iron: used in anaemia, 
spi^nous, spi'nose. i. Having thorns or spines; 
thorny, or shaped like a thorn. 2. Relating to a 
spine or to a spinous process. S. foramen = 
FORAMEN SPiNosuM*. S. point, a point over a 
spinous process of a vertebra, pressure on which 
causes pain, a condition seen in spinal irritation, 
neuralgia, etc. S. process, that part of a vertebra 
which projects backward from the arch and gives 
attachment to muscles; processus spinosus*. S. 
process of the sphenoid = spine of the sphe¬ 
noid. S. processes of the ilium = iliac spines. 
spin-thar'i-scope. An instrument containing a small 
amount of radium in front of a fluorescent screen: 
first used by Sir William Crookes to show the phys¬ 
ical properties of radium. [ < 07 rtvdr/p spark + 
CKOTzelv to view.] 

spin'ther-ism, spin-the-ro'pi a. = Photopsy. 
spin-the-ro'ma. Photopsy due to cholesterin 
deposits. 

spi'ra-cin. Methylcarboxylsalicylic acid: used like 
salicylic acid. Dose, 0.5 to i Gm. (7^ to 15 grs.). 
spi-rad-e-ni'tis. A rare disease of the sweat»glands 
characterized by the appearance of shot«>like 
nodules which soften, suppurate, and crystallize, 
spi-rad-e-no'ma. An adenoma of a sweat-gland. 
Spire'a. A genus of rosaceous herbs and shrubs, 
many species of which have astringent and tonic 
properties. S. ulma'ria, of Europe, also cultivated 
in the U. S., is tonic, vermifuge, diuretic, and as¬ 
tringent; queen of the meadow; meadow-sweet, 
spi'ral. 1. Winding like the worm of a screw; 
winding around a cylinder and at the same time 
rising or advancing. 2. A spiral curve; a curve 
which winds around a moving point in succes¬ 
sive convolutions. (See cut under helix.) or 
Curschmann’s spirals. S. bandage, the com¬ 
mon roller applied spirally round a limb. S. 
canal, the spiral canal of the cochlea, enclosing 
the scala vestibuli, scala media, and scala tym- 
pani; canalis spiralis cochleae*. S. cast, a renal 


cast twisted into a spiral shape. S. crest = 
CRISTA SPIRALIS. S. cribriform tract = macula 
CR iBROSA QUARTA. S. fibre, a process of a bipolar 
nerve-cell that is wound around another process. 



S. fissure, a fissure between the plates of the lam¬ 
ina spiralis of the cochlea, through which fila¬ 
ments of the cochlear nerve pass. S. fracture, an 
oblique fracture in which the plane of fracture 
winds spirally around the axis of the bone, so 
that the broken ends have a somewhat screw-like 
appearance. S. ganglion, a ganglion in the spiral 
canal of the modiolus in the course of the cochlear 
nerve; Corti’s ganglion; cochlear ganglion; gan¬ 
glion spir ale*. S. groove = SULCUS SPIRALIS*. S. 
lamina, cr lamina spiralis. S. ligament = liga- 
mentum spirale. Accessory s. ligament = prom¬ 
inentia SPIRALIS. S. line = intertrochanteric 
LINE, ANTERIOR. S. nerve, the musculospiral 
nerves. S. papilla, the convex spiral ridge formed 
by the organ of Corti. S. plate, the lamina 
spiralis. S. process, a peculiar arrangement of 
the processes of certain bipolar nerve-cells by 
which one of the processes becomes wound about 
the remaining straight process. S. reversed ban¬ 



Spiral Reversed Bandage op the Arm. 


dage, a spiral bandage in which every turn or 
every other turn is reversed upon itself so as to 
lie smoothly upon a conical limb. S. schizo- 
mycetes. Spirilla. S. sulcus = sulcus spira¬ 
lis*. S. suture— glovers’ suture. S. tract, a 
depressed tract at the bottom of the internal 
auditory meatus, at which filaments of the coch¬ 
lear nerve enter the internal ear; tractus spiralis 
foraminosus*. S. tubule of Schachowa, the por¬ 
tion of a uriniferous tubule between the first con¬ 
voluted tubule and the descending limb of the 
looped tubule of Henle. S. valve = Heister’s 

VALVE. 

spi'rals of Curschmann. =Curschmann’s spirals. 

spi-ram'i-na palpebra'rum. The lachrymal puncta. 

Spiran^thes. A genus of orchidaceous plants. 5. 
autumna'lis is said to be aphrodisiac and S. 
diuret'ica, of Chile, is reputed to be diuretic. 









SPIRASOMA 


915 


SPIRIT 


Spiraso'ma. A genus of spirillaceous, nonsflagel- 
lated bacteria with rigid cells, 
spire. A spiral line; a wreath, 
spi^rem, spi-re'ma. The skeinslike figure formed in 
karyokinesis by chromatin fibrils becoming 
arranged in a convoluted mass, at first closely 
wound, later more loosely contorted, constitut¬ 
ing respectively the close and loose skeins. 
spi-ril-lo'sis. i. Any disease due to the presence 
of spirilla, tar Relapsing fever 2. A disease 
of cattle in the Transvaal. S. of fowls, a disease of 
fowls, marked by diarrhoea, pale combs, loss of ap¬ 
petite, and death from convulsions. t^SpiROCH^xA 
GALLiNARUM. fspi-ril-lo-tro'phic. spi-ril'lo-cide, 
any agent destructive to spirilla, spi-ril-lo-ci'dal. 
Spiril'lum, pi. spiriVla. A genus of schizomycetes 
with flagella occurring in spiral or screw=like fila¬ 
ments; spirobacterium. ^ Spiroch^ta. S. 
amylif'erum, a species found in water: gives a 
blue reaction with iodine. S. an'serum, a patho¬ 
genic species from geese affected with a fatal 
form of septicaemia. S. aquati'le, a saprophytic 
species from riverswater. S. attenuatum, found in 
sea*water. S. au'reum = Vibrio aureus. S. 
berolinen'se, a saprophytic species from water. 
S. bonhof'fi, a saprophytic species from water. 
S. bucca'le, a species from the tartar of teeth. 
S. chol'erae asiatficae, the comma bacillus, the 
active agent in the production of Asiatic cholera. 
S. concen'tricum, found in putrifying blood of 
cattle. S. danu'bicum, saprophytic species from 
water. S. dentic'ola or den'tium, a species from 
under the margins of the gums of a healthy person: 
does not thrive in culture fluids. S. desulphur'i- 
cans, a species from pitswater. S. dunbar'i, a sap¬ 
rophytic species from river^water. S. andopara- 
gog'icum, a saprophytic species from the exudate 
of poplar-trees. S. fever = relapsing fever. S. 
fink'leri or of Finkler=Prior = Vibrio proteus. 
S. flaves'cens or fla'vum = Vibrio flavescens. 
S. gin'dha, a long curved rod*like species with a 
single terminal flagellum from water: patho¬ 
genic to guineaspigs. S. heleog'enes, a species re¬ 
sembling Vib'rio pro'teus: from stools of diarrhoea. 
S. of hospital gangrene, a pathogenic species from 
the pulpy membranes covering the ulcers in 
hospital gangrene. S. jenen'si, a saprophytic 
species from water. S. leukomelanae'um, a 
species from water in which are contained decay¬ 
ing algae. S. lin'guae = Vibrio lingualis. S. 
litora'le, a species from bog=water. S. maas'ci, 
a pathogenic species from river^water. S. mari'- 
num, a species from sea=water. S. massau^ah, a 
pathogenic form from cases of sporadic cholera in 
man. S. metchniko'vi = Vibrio metchnikovi. 
S. nasa'le = Vibrio nasalis. S. nu'dula, a 
species from stagnant water. S. obermei'eri = 
SPIROCH.ETA OBERMEiERi. S. pUcati'le, a spccies 
from water containing decaying algae. S. of 
pseudocholera, a species from welhwater. S. 
rec'ti physe'teris, a species from ambergris. S. 
of relapsing fever = Spiroch.eta obermeieri. 
S. rosenber'gi, a species from brackish water. S. 
ro^seum, a species forming a reddish pigment, 
found in faeces and gonorrhoeal pus. S. ru'brum, 
a species found in putrefying mice. S. lu'gula, a 
species found in swamp*water, in the alimentary 
canal, in the mouth, etc.: they have terminal 
bunches of flagella: S. saproph'iles = Vibrio 

SAPROPHILES. S. ser'pens, a large species with 
terminal bunches of flagella: found in stagnant 
water. S. smithfl, a non*pathogenic species from 


the intestines of swine. S. sputig'enum, a com¬ 
mon species from the neglected mouths of 
healthy persons. S. stomach'i, a species from the 
stomach of dogs, cats, and rats. S. ten'ue, a 
species from putrefying infusions of plants. S. 
tener'rimum, found in the intestines. S. terrig'- 
enum, a species from the soil. S. tyrog'enum, a 
species from old cheese. S. un'dula, a species 
from stagnant water containing decaying vegeta¬ 
ble matter. S. of Vincent, a species found along 
with the fusiform bacillus in Vincent’s angina. 
S. viola'ceum, a species with violet celbcontents: 
found in brackish water. S. vol'utans, a very 
large species with flagella at each end: found 
in bog*water and infusions. S. of Wernicke, a 
pathogenic species from water, 
spir'it. I. An essential part. 2. A liquid product 
of distillation. 3. A solution of a volatile sub¬ 
stance in alcohol. i^SpiRiTUS. 4. Alcohol. 5. 
Whisky, cy Liquor; methylated s. ; proof*s. , 
and under the adjectives, as corn s., potato 
s., etc. S. of ammonia = spiritus ammonia*. 
Aromatic s. of ammonia = spiritus ammoni.® 
AROMATICUS*. S. of anise = SPIRITUS ANISI*. S. 
of ants = SPIRITUS acidi formici. S. of bitter 
almond — SPIRITUS amygdal.® amar^e*. S. of 
bone = BONE*s. S. of camphor = spiritus cam- 
PHOR.E*. Compound s. of cardamom = spiritus 
CARDAMOMi coMPOsiTus. S. of chloroform or of 
chloric ether = SPIRITUS chloroformi*. S. of 
cinnamon = SPIRITUS cinnamomi*. S. of curagao 
== SPIRITUS CURASSAO. S. of ether = SPIRITUS 
vETHBRis*. Compound s. of ether = spiritus 
.ETHERis COMPOSITUS*. S. of formic acid — spir¬ 
itus ACIDI FORMICI. S. of Garus, a liquid made 
of aloes, clove, cinnamon, 
myrrh, nutmeg, alcohol, and 
water. S. of gaultheria = 

SPIRITUS GAULTHERIA*. S. of 

glyceryl trinitrate or of glono- 

in = SPIRITUS GLYCERYLIS NI- 
TRATis*. S. of juniper = SPIR¬ 
ITUS jUNiPERi*. Compound 
s. of juniper = spiritus ju- 
NiPERi COMPOSITUS*. S.slamp, 
a lamp in which alcohol is 
burned: it produces heat rather 
than light, owing to the com¬ 
plete combustion of the carbon. S. of lavender = 

SPIRITUS LAVANDULA*. S. of lemon = SPIRITUS 

LiMONis. S. of mindererus = LIQUOR ammonii 
ACETATis*. S. of mustard = spiritus sinapis. S. 
of myrcia = SPIRITUS myrcia. S. of nitre, crude 
nitric acid. Sweet s. of nitre = spiritus atheris 
NiTROSi*. S. of nitroglycerin = spiritus glyc- 
ERYLis NiTRATis*. S. of nitrous ether — SPIRITUS 
ATHERIS NITROSI*. S. of nUtmeg = SPIRITUS 
MYRISTICA. S. of orange = SPIRITUS AURANTII. 
Compound s. of orange = spiritus aurantii com- 
posiTUS*. S. of peppermint = SPIRITUS mentha 
PIPERITA*. S. of phosphorus = SPIRITUS PHOS- 
PHORi. S.sproof, containing not less than 49% 
of absolute alcohol. S. of salt, crude hydrochloric 
acid. S. of soap = SPIRITUS saponatus. S. of 
spearmint = SPIRITUS mentha viridis*. S. ther¬ 
mometer, ty THERMOMETER. S. of turpentine, oil 
of turpentine. Rectified s. of wine, alcohol. S. 
of wintergreen = spiritus gaultheria*. [< L. 
spir'itus, fr. spira're to breathe.] fspir'i-tu-ous, 
containing alcohol, or relating to bodies contain¬ 
ing it or made by its aid, as 5 . drinks, alcoholic 
liquors, especially distilled liquors. 



Spirit Lamp. 
(Remington.) 


SPIRITUS 


<)16 


SPIRITUS 


spir'i-tus. Alcohol, or a liquor containing a large 
proportion of it. Of the U. S. P., a preparation 
made by distilling or dissolving a volatile body 
in alcohol, Liquor. S. a'cidi for'mici, “spirit 
of formic acid,” the N. F. name for a mixture of 
250 mins, of formic acid with 3^ fl. ozs. of dis¬ 
tilled water and enough alcohol to make 16 
fl. ozs.; spiritus formicarum; spirit of ants. S. 
ae'theris*, “ spirit of ether,” a mixture of 325 Cc. 
of ether and 675 Cc. of alcohol. Its medical 
properties are similar to those of ether. Dose, 
4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). S. ae'theris compos'itus*, “com¬ 
pound spirit of ether,” Hoffmann’s anodyne, 
containing stronger ether, 325 Cc.; alcohol, 650 
Cc.; ethereal oil, 25 Cc. A very popular remedy 
as an anodyne and an antispasmodic. Dose, 4 Cc. 
(i fl. dr.). S. ae'theris nitro'si*, “spiritof nitrous 
ether,” commonly called “ sweet spirit of nitre,” 
an alcoholic solution of ethyl nitrite, yielding not 
less than 4% of ethyl nitrite. It is a volatile, 
inflammable liquid, of a pale yellow color inclin¬ 
ing slightly to green, having a fragrant ethereal 
odor free from pungency, and a sharp, burning 
taste. It is diaphoretic, diuretic, and antispas¬ 
modic, and is much used in febrile affections, 
especially such as are accompanied with nervous 
excitement. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). S. ammo'- 
niae*, “spirit of ammonia,” an alcoholic solution 
of ammonia containing 10% by weight of the 
gas; the preparation formerly known as ammo- 
niated alcohol. It is stimulant and antispasmodic, 
but is little used internally. Dose, i Cc. (15 
mins.). S. ammo'niae aromat'icus*, “aromatic 
spirit of ammonia,” a preparation made from 34 
Gm. of ammonium carbonate, 90 Cc. of ammonia 
water, 10 Cc. of oil of lemon, i Cc. of oil of 
lavender flowers, i Cc. of oil of nutmeg, 700 Cc. 
of alcohol, and a sufficient quantity of distilled 
water to make 1000 Cc. It is advantageously 
employed as a stimulant antacid in sick head¬ 
ache. It is more used than the simple spirit, on 
account of its grateful taste and smell. Dose, 
2 Cc. (30 mins.). c^Tinctura guaiaci ammo- 

NIATA*; TINCTURA VALERIANS AMMONIATA*. S. 

ammo'nias foe'tidus, a mixture containing asafet- 
ida, 75 Gm.; strong solution of ammonia (32.5%), 
100 Cc.; and alcohol (go%) to make 1000 Cc. 
S. amyg'dalae ama'rae*, “ spirit of bitter almond,” 
a mixture of oil of bitter almond, 10 Cc.; 
alcohol, 800 Cc.; and water enough to make 
1000 Cc.; essence of bitter almond. It is used as 
a flavoring agent. Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). S. 
ani'si*, “spirit of anise,”-a preparation made of 
oil of anise, 100 Cc.; deodorized alcohol, 900 Cc. 
It is carminative and stomachic. Dose, 4 Cc. (i 
fl. dr.). S. aromat'icus, “aromatic spirit,” the 
N. F. name for a mixture of 8 fl. oz. of compound 
spirit of orange with 7^ pints of deodorized 
alcohol. S, auran'tii, “spirit of orange,” the 
1890 U. S. P. name for a preparation made of oil 
of orange peel, 50 Cc.; deodorized alcohol, 950 
Cc. It is identical in properties with the tincture 
of sweet orange peel. S. auran'tii compos'itus*, 
the compound spirit of orange, an agreeable 
vehicle for addition to prescriptions, containing 
oil of orange peel, 200 Cc.; oil of lemon, 50 Cc.; 
oil of coriander, 20 Cc.; oil of anise, 5 Cc.; and 
alcohol enough to make 1000 Cc. S. cam'phorae*, 
“ spirit of camphor,” a preparation made of cam¬ 
phor, TOO Gm.; alcohol, a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc. It is used chiefly as an anodyne 
embrocation in rheumatic and gouty pains, chil¬ 


blains, etc. Dose. i Cc. (15 mins.). S. carda¬ 
mom'! compos'itus, the N. F. name for compound 
spirit of cardamom, containing oil of cardamom, 
2 Cc.; oil of caraway, 0.75 Cc.; oil of cinnamon, 
0.5 Cc.; alcohol, 500 Cc.; glycerin, 65 Cc.\ and 
water to make 1000 Cc. S. chlorofor'mi*, “ spirit 
of chloroform,” a mixture of 60 Cc. of chloroform 
with 940 Cc. of alcohol. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 
S. cinnamo'mi*, “ spirit of cinnamon,” the U. S. P. 
name for a mixture of 100 Cc. of oil of cinnamon 
with 900 Cc. of alcohol. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 grs.). 
S. curassa'o, the N. F. name for spirit of curafao, 
containing oil of curagao orange, 165 Cc.; oil of 
fennel, 3 Cc.; oil of bitter almond, 0.75 Cc.; 
and deodorized alcohol, 832 Cc. S. formica'- 
rum = S. ACiDi FORMici. S. frumen'ti*, “spirit 
of grain,” whisky, is defined by the U. S. P. 
as being “an alcoholic liquid obtained by the 
distillation of the mash of fermented grain, such 
as Indian com, rye, wheat, or barley, or their 
mixtures,” at least 4 years old, and containing 
from 44 to 55% by volume of absolute alcohol¬ 
ic Whisky. S. gal'licus, “French spirit,” S. 
viNi GALLici*. S. gaulthe'riae*, “spirit of gaul- 
theria,” a preparation made of oil of gaultheria, 
50 Cc.; alcohol, 950 Cc. It is used for imparting 
flavor to prescriptions. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 
S. glonoi'ni, the 1890 U. S. P. name for spiritus 
GLYCERYLis NiTRATis*. S. glycety'lis nitfa'tis*, 
“spirit of glyceryl trinitrate or of nitroglycerin,” 
spiritus glonoini of the 1890 U. S. P. It is an 
alcoholic solution containing 1% by weight of 
glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin! and may, even 
in small doses, produce headache. If the alcohol 
is lost by evaporation it is violently explosive and 
if spilled a solution of potassium hydroxide should 
be poured over it to effect decomposition. Dose, 
0.05 Cc. (i min.). S. inflamma'bilis, alcohol or 
other preparations, as whisky, containing much 
alcohol. S. Jamaicen'sis, “Jamaica spirit,” rum. 
S. junip'eri*, “spirit of juniper,” a mixture of 50 
Cc. of oil of juniper with 950 Cc. of alcohol. Dose, 
2 Cc. (30 mins.). S. junip'eri compos'itus*, “com¬ 
pound spirit of juniper,” a preparation containing 
8 Cc. of oil of juniper, i Cc. of oil of caraway, i Cc. 
of oil of fennel, 1400 Cc. of alcohol, and water to 
make 2000 Cc. This spirit is a useful addition 
to diuretic infusions and mixtures in cases 
of dropsy with debility. It corresponds closely 
to Holland gin. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). S. 
lavan'dulse*, “spirit of lavender,” a mixture of 
50 Cc. of oil of lavender flowers with 950 Cc. of 
alcohol. It is used as a perfume and as an ingredi- 
. ent in other preparations. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 
S. letha'lis, carbolic acid. S. limo'nis, “ spirit 
of lemon,” the 1890 U. .S. P. name for essence of 
lemon, a mixture of 50 Cc. of oil of lemon, 50 
Gm. of grated lemon peel, and alcohol to make 
1000 Cc.: used as a flavoring. S. men'thae piperi'- 
tae*, “spirit of peppermint,” essence of pepper¬ 
mint, consisting of oil of peppermint, 100 Cc.; 
bruised peppermint, 10 Gm.; and alcohol, suffi¬ 
cient to make 1000 Cc. It is carminative. Dose, 
2 Cc. (30 mins.). S. men'thae vir'idis*, “spirit 
of spearmint,” essence of spearmint, made of 
oil of spearmint, too Cc.; bruised spearmint, i-- 
Gm.; and alcohol enough to make 1000 Cc. 
Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). S. mindere'ri = liquor 
AMMON 11 ACETATis*. S. muriaticosaethc'reus 
martia'tus = TiNCTURA ferri chloridi ^therea. 
S. myr'eiae, “spirit of myreia,” or bay rum, the 
1890 U. S. P. name for a preparation made of 


SPIROBACTERIA 


917 


SPIX’S ANGLE 


oil of myrcia, i6 Cc.; oil of orange peel, i Cc.; 
oil of pimenta, i Cc.; alcohol, 1220 Cc.; water, a 
sufficient quantity to make 2000 Cc. It is used 
as a refreshing perfume in cases of nervous head¬ 
ache, faintness, etc. S. myris'ticae, “ spirit of nut¬ 
meg,” the 1890 U. S. P. name for the essence of 
nutmeg, containing oil of nutmeg, 50 Cc., and 
alcohol, 950 Cc. It is used for its flavor, in addi¬ 
tion to other medicines. Dose, i to 4 Cc. 
(15 to 60 mins.). S. ni'tri du'plex, ni'tri fu'mans, 
or ni'tri glau'beri = nitric acid, S. odora'tus, 
perfumed spirit,” cologne water. S. ophthal'- 
micus, “ophthalmic spirit,” the N. F. name 
for a mixture of 10 mins, of oil of lavender, 
30 mins, of oil of rosemary, and i fl. oz. of alco¬ 
hol; alcoholic eye-wash. S. phos'phori, “spirit 
of phosphorus,” the 1890 U. S. P. name of a 
preparation made from 1.2 Gm. of phosphorus 
and absolute alcohol enough to make 1000 Cc. 

Elixir phosphori. S. pyroxyl'icus = methyl 
ALCOHOL. S. rectifica'tus, “ rectifled spirit,” di¬ 
lute alcohol of the speciflc gravity 0.838, con¬ 
taining 16% of water. S. sac'chari, “spirit of 
sugar,” rum. S. sapona'tus, the N. F. name of a 
preparation made by dissolving 2^ tr. ozs. of 
Castile soap shavings in 9 fl. ozs. of alcohol and 
adding enough water to make 16 fl. ozs. S. sina'- 
pis, the N. F. name for a mixture of 190 mins, of 
volatile oil of mustard in enough alcohol to 
make 16 fl. ozs. S. ve'neris = acetic acid. S. vi'- 
ni gal'lici*, brandy, an alcoholic liquor obtained 
by distilling the fermented, unmodified juice of 
fresh grapes, and at least four years old. It has 
a specific gravity not above 0.941 nor below 
0.925, corresponding approximately with an alco¬ 
holic strength of 46 to 55% by volume. S. vi'ni 
ten'uis = PROOF spirit, S. vino'sus, ardent spirit. 
S. vitrio'li, diluted sulphuric acid. S. vitrio'li 
dul'cis =SPIRITUS ^THERIS COMPOSITUS*. 

spi‘ro-bac-te'ria. ts- Spirillum; Spiroch.,eta; 
Vibrio. 

Spirochae'ta, Spirochae'te, pi. -tcB, -tes. A genus of 
schizomycetes occurring in long, flexible, spirally 
twisted threads, ew- Spirillum. The form Spiro- 
cha3ta was proposed by Ehrenberg in 1834. S. 
anodontae, a large variety found in muscles. S. 
anserina, a spirochaete found in the blood of geese 
suffering from an epizootic. S. balbianii, a va¬ 
riety seen in oysters. S. bucca'lis = S. dentium. 
S. cohn'i, found in the mouth and on the teeth. 
S. den'tium, or denti'cola, a species from carious 
teeth, .stomatitis, abscesses of the mouth, etc. S. 
dut'toni, a species causing South African tick fever, 
a disease resembling relapsing fever. 5 . ’09.] 



Chicken Affected with Spirochceta gallinarunt. 
(Balfour.) 


S. ev'ansi = Trypanosoma evansi. S. gallina- 
rum, a spirochaete found in the blood of chickens. 


often fatal and transmitted by a variety of ticks. 
fs- Argas. S. lavera'ni. L. ij. ’06.] S. ober- 
mei'eri, found in the blood of patients suffering 
with relapsing fever, and when injected into 
healthy persons causing relapsing fever; Spirillum 
oberrneieri. S. pal'lida, or Pale s., the organism 
causing syphilis, Treponema pallidum. S. 
pallid'ula or S. perten'uis, ts- frambcesia. S. pli- 
cat'ilis = Spirillum plicatile. S. recurren'tis = 
S. obermeieri. S. refrin'gens, a refractive species 
found in superficial ulcers: longer and broader; 
the spirals are more woohlike, and not so uniform, 
numerous, or close=set as those of S. pal'lida and 
the organism is not specific for syphilis. S. 
theileri, Trypanoso'ma thei'leri. S. vincen'ti, a 
very delicate spiral=shaped organism which has 
been found in Vincent’s angina along with Vin¬ 
cent’s bacillus. S. zieman'ni = Leucocytozoon 
ziEMANNi. [< (TTreZpa coil 4- bristle.] fspi'- 
ro-chee-to'sis, any morbid condition or disease 
due to the presence of SpirochcB't<B. 
spi-ro-cho'lon, spy-ri-co'lon. A local name for a 
form of lepra (also syphilis) endemic in Greece, 
spi'ro-don. A device to prevent mouthsbreathing. 
spi'ro-graph. i. An instrument registering the re¬ 
spiratory movements. 2, A nasal breath=picture 
taken by breathing through the nostril upon 
polished vulcanite held horizontally on the lip, 
spi'roid canal. The aqueduct of Fallopius, 
spi-roi'dal suture. A continuous spiral suture of the 
intestines. 

spi-ro'ma. Multiple benign cystic epithelioma of 
the sweat-glands 

spi-rom'e-ter. An instrument for ascertaining the 
quantity of air inhaled or exhaled by the lungs; 
an instrument for measuring the vital capacity 
of the chest, ^ Pneumatometer. tspi-ro-met'- 
ric, as S. readings in stutterers, spi-rom'e-try. 
Spirom'onas. A genus of biflagellate micro-organ¬ 
isms: spiral in form. S. cohn'i, found in stagnant 
water. S. volu'bilis, found in stagnant water, 
spi'ro-phore. A form of apparatus for artificial res¬ 
piration. 

Spirop'tera. A genus of filarial parasites of which 5 . 
hom'inis is found in salt-water fishes, 5 . megas'- 
ioma in tumors in the gastric mucous membrane 
of horses, S. reticula'la in the muscles and connec¬ 
tive tissues of the horse, and S. sanguinolen'ta in 
various viscera of the dog. 
spi'ro-scope. = Spirometer. 

spi'ro-sal. A proprietary external antirheumatic 
derived from salicylic acid. 

Spiroso'ma. A genus of non-motile, non-flagellated, 
rigid bacteria, allied to the Spiril'la and Vi'brios. 
spiruli'na. A micro*organism in the form of coiled 
filaments. [< L. spi'rula a twisted cake.] 
spis'si-tude. The state of being inspissated. [< L, 
spissa're to thicken.] fspis'sa-ted. 
spis'sus. Hard; dense. [L.] 
spit'alshouse. = Hospital. 

spit'ting. Expectorating, as 5 . of blood = hjemop- 
TYSis. fspit'tle, saliva*; sputum. 
SpitzkasLissauer column (spttz'ca-h's'au-fr). A col¬ 
umn of the spinal cord consisting of a group of 
nerve-fibres lying just in front of and just behind 
the apex of the posterior horns. 

Spitzka’s bundle. A cerebral tract passing from the 
cortex to the opposite oculomotor nuclei through 
the pyramidal region of the crus cerebri. S.’s 
nucleus = Perlia’s central nucleus. 

Spix’s angle (spfcs'iz). i. A craniometrical angle 
included between the basinasal line and the ah 






SPL. 


SPLENECTASIS 


yj8 


veolocondylean plane. 2. A craniometrical angle 
included between the alveolonasal line and the 
coronal line. S.’s horizontal or plane, the alveo- 
locondylean plane. S.’s spine = spine of Spix. 
Spl. An abbr. for L. sim'plex simple, 
splanchna (splangc'na). Viscera; entrails, 
splanch-na-poph'y-sis. An element of the skeleton 
which is connected with the alimentary canal, as 
the hyoid bone, fsplanch’nap-o-phys'i al. 
splanch-nec-to'pi a. Misplacement of the viscera, 
splanch-nem-phrax'is. Obstimction of a viscus, espe¬ 
cially of the intestine. 

splanch-neu-rys'ma. Dilatation of a viscus, espe¬ 
cially of the intestine. 

splanch’nic. Pertaining to the viscera. S. cavi¬ 
ties, the cavities of the cranium, chest, and ab¬ 
domen. S. ganglion, a ganglion on the great 
splanchnic nerve over the eleventh and twelfth 
dorsal vertebrae ; ganglion splanchnicum*. S. 
mesoblast or mesoderm = splanchnopleure, 
def. I. S. musculature, the muscles of the 
splanchnopleure. S. nerves, branches of the 
great sympathetic, three on each side. The 
Great s. nerve is formed by branches from the 
sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and sometimes 
tenth thoracic ganglia, which branches descend 
along the vertebral column to unite in a single 
trunk, which passes through the diaphragm and 
then divides into several branches to the semi¬ 
lunar ganglion ; N. splanchnicus major*. The 
Lesser or Small s. nerve is formed by branches 
from the tenth and eleventh thoracic ganglia 
which unite into a single cord that passes 
through the diaphragm to enter the abdomen, 
where it divides into two branches, one anas¬ 
tomosing with the great splanchnic nerve, the 
other giving branches to the renal and solar 
plexuses; renal splanchnic nerve; N. splanch- 
. nicus minor*. Smallest s. nerve, a branch of the 
small splanchnic nerve going to the renal plexus; 
posterior renal nerve. S. stasis, stasis in a vis¬ 
cus, especially in the intestines. [*[[ L. j. ’06.] 
Superior s. nerve, an occasional nerve derived 
from the cardiac plexus and vagus and running 
down the right side of the aorta to the coeliac 
plexus. S. wall, the splanchnopleure. 
splanch'ni-ca. i. Diseases of the viscera directly 
concerned in the function of digestion. 2. Med¬ 
icines given for disease of the bowels, 
splanchno- (splangc'no-). Relating or pertaining to 
the viscera: a combining form. [< G 7 r 2 .dyxvov 
viscus.] splanch'no-blast, the primary rudiment 
or anlage of a viscus.— splanch'no-cele, hernia 
or protrusion of an abdominal viscus.— splanch'- 
no-ccele, that part of the coelom from which the 
pericardial, pleural, and abdominal cavities de¬ 
velop; ventral or unsegmented coelom; pleuro¬ 
peritoneal cavity or space.— splanch‘no-di-as'ta- 
sis, separation or displacement of a viscus.— 
splanch-no-dyn'i a, pain in the bowels.— splanch- 
nog'ra-phy, a description of the viscera.— 
splanch'no-lith, an intestinal calculus, fsplanch’- 
no-li-thi'a-sis, the formation of intestinal calculi. 
— splanch-nol'o-gy, the science which treats 
of the structure and functions of the vis¬ 
cera. tsplanch-no-log'i-cal. — splanch'no-me-ga'- 
li a, splanch-no-meg'a-ly, enlargement or over¬ 
growth of the viscera.— splanch-no-pa'thi a, dis¬ 
ease of the viscera. — splanch'no-pleure. i. The 
inner or visceral of the two layers into which the 
mesoblast divides, separated from the somato- 
PLEURE by the pleuroperitoneal space. In this 


sense more properly called Splanchnic or Visceral 
mesoblast or mesoderm. 2. The layer formed by 
the junction of the splanchnopleure with the 
hypoblast. It develops into the musculature 
and the connective tissue of the intestinal tracts, 
fsplanch-no-pleu'ral.— splanch-nop-to'sis, pro¬ 
lapse of the viscera, including enteroptosis, 

GASTROPTOSIS, HEPATOPTOSIS, NEPHROPTOSIS, and 

splenoptosis. — splanch*no-scle-ro'sis, indura¬ 
tion of the viscera.— splanch-no-sco'pi a,splanch- 
nos'co-py, exploration of the viscera.— splanch- 
no-skel'e-ton. i. Special bony segments which 
develop within certain organs in various animals, 
as within the heart, tongue, penis or eye. 2. 
That part of the skeleton which is connected 
with, or supports, the viscera.— splanch-no- 
S3an'pa-thy, the reflex influence of the vis¬ 
cera upon each other and upon other organs. 
— splanch-not'o-my, dissection of the viscera, 
tsplanch-no-tom'i-cal.— splanch'no-tribe, an in¬ 
strument for compressing the intestines, similar 
to the angiotribe. tsplanch-no-trip'sy. 
splash'ing fremitus or sound. A peculiar succussion 
sound heard in pleural effusion. S. pulse = jerk¬ 
ing PULSE. 

splay'sfoot. A flat, broad foot; talipes valgus, 
spleen, i. A purple or livid^colored organ situated 
below the diaphragm in the left hypochondriac 
region and beneath the cardiac end of the 
stomach; lien*: weight about 195 Gm. (7 ozs.); 
length about 12.3 Cm. (4^ ins.) but varying greatly 
according to the state of digestion or marked 
processes (1^ Splenomegaly). It is the largest 
of the soscalled “ ductless ” glands. In it the 
blood undergoes certain changes in regard to the 
corpuscles. Except at the hilum (hilus lienis*) 
the spleen has a complete covering of peritoneiun 
{tunica serosa*) and in addition is completely in¬ 
vested with a capsule {tunica albuginea*), com¬ 
posed of fibro=elastic tissue which gives off a net¬ 
work of fine fibres or trabeculae {trabeculae lienis*). 
The interspaces of this network are filled with 
the splenic pulp {pulpa lienis*), a reddish*brown 
substance, which is made up of an adenoid retic¬ 
ulum containing and supporting sustentacular 
cells, malpighian corpuscles {noduli lymphat- 
ici lienales {Malpighii)*), blood=corpuscles, and 
blood-vessels. The splenic artery enters the hilum 
on the under side accompanied by nerves de¬ 
rived from the coeliac plexus and the right 
vagus. Occasionally there is one or more acces¬ 
sory spleen (splenculus) in the greater omentum 
or in the pancreas, Splenectomy ; spleno-. 
For abnormalities of the spleen see bacon s. ; sago 
s.; WANDERING s.; WAXY s. S.spulp, Splenic 
pulp. 2. Ill humor, malice, etc. S. mixture = 
mistura splenetica. S.ssick, affected with the 
spleen; in an ill humor, 
spleen'wort. = Asplenium. 

splemad-e-no'ma. Lymphadenoma of the spleen. 

sple-nae'mi a. Splenic leukemia. 

sple-nal'gi a. Pain in the region of the spleen. S. 

phlegmono'dea = splenitis. fsple-naFgic. 
sple-naux'e. Enlargement of the spleen. 
splen*cer-a-to'sis. = Splenokeratosis. 
splen'cu-lus. An accessory spleen ; a spheroidal 
mass of splenic tissue, ranging from the size of a 
pea to that of a walnut, attached to the gastro- 
splenic omentum near the spleen; lienculus; lien 
accessorius*, tsplen'cu-lar. 
splen'did line. =Linea splendens. 
sple-nec'ta-sis. Enlargement of the spleen. 


SPLENECTOMY 


919 


SPLENO- 


sple-nec'to-my. Excision or extirpation of the 
spleen, as in leukaemia, splenomegaly, etc. fsple- 
nec'to-mize. 

sple-nec-to'pi a, sple-nec'to-py. Dislocation or dis¬ 
placement of the spleen. 

Bple-nel-co'sis. Ulceration of the spleen, 
sple-nel'cus. An ulcer of the spleen, 
sple-ne'mi a. Splenic leukemia. 
sple-nem-phrax'is. Congestion of the spleen, 
splen-ep-a-ti'tis. Splenitis and hepatitis, 
sple-net'ic. i. Relating to, or affected with, the 
^ spleen (def. 2); fretful; splenic. S. fever = texas 
FEVER. 2. A medicine for disease of the spleen. 
S. mixture = mistura splenetica. 
sple^ni al. Relating to the splenium or to the sple- 
nius muscle. S. bones, the dermal or membrane 
bones of the embryonic head lying close against 
the cartilage of the primordial skull; splint* 
bones. S. centre, one of the ossification centres 
of the mandible, forming the inner plate of the 
mandible from near the symphysis to the mandib¬ 
ular foramen. S. fissure, a fissure in the dog’s 
brain near the splenium. 

splen'ic. Pertaining to the spleen. S. ansemia, anae¬ 
mia of the spleen, Banti’s disease; Hodg¬ 
kin’s DISEASE. S. apoplexy, i. Hemorrhage into 
the substance of the spleen. 2. Anthrax. S. 
artery, the largest branch of the coeliac axis, dis¬ 
tributed to the spleen, stomach, and neighboring 
regions; A. lienalis*. S. cachexia, a scurvy habit of 
body accoippanied by enlargement of the spleen. 
S. corpuscles = malpighian corpuscles, def. 2. 
S. fever, malignant anthrax. S. extract, a medici¬ 
nal extract from spleens: used in anaemia, leukae¬ 
mia, etc. S. flexure, the curved portion of the 
colon, between the transverse and descending por¬ 
tions. S. hernia, protrusion of the spleen through 
an opening in the abdominal walls. S. leucocythae- 
mia, or leukaemia, leukemia. ' S. lymphatics, 
the absorbent vessels of the spleen. S. lymphs 
nodules = malpighian corpuscles, def. 2. S. 
plexus, a nervous plexus derived from the coeliac 
plexus and accompanying the splenic artery ; 
plexus lienalis*. S. pouch, a pouch of the perito¬ 
neum receiving the spleen. S. pulp, ^ spleen. 
S. retinitis, retinitis. S. soufiOie, a blowing 
sound heard over the spleen in leukaemia, malaria, 
and biliary calculus. S. tumor, ague*cake. S. 
vein, a branch of the portal vein which receives 
the blood from the spleen, pancreas, duodenum, 
descending colon, stomach in part, omentum, and 
part of the rectum; V. lienalis*. 
splen‘i-co-gas'tric. Both splenic and gastric. 
splen*i-co-pan-cre-at'ic artery. = Pancreatic ar¬ 
tery, def. 2. S. glands, lymphatic glands situ¬ 
ated along the splenic vessels, 
sple-nic'te-rus. Splenitis associated with jaundice, 
splen-i-fer'rin. A proprietary haematinic of the 
spleen of the ox and iron albuminate, 
sple’ni-fi-ca'tion. The conversion of the lung or 
liver, etc., into a substance like that of the spleen, 
sple^nin. A proprietary extract of the spleen, 
sple'ni ous. Pertaining to or resembling the spleen, 
sple-ni-ser'rate muscles. The splenii and serrati. 
splen'i-sis. A form of lung degeneration seen in 
certain yellow*fever patients, marked by dark 
spots resembling spleen^tissue. 
sple-ni'tis. Inflammation of the spleen. Acute 
primary splenitis is of rare occurrence. i»- Peri¬ 
splenitis. tsple-nit'ic. 

Iplen'i-tive. Able to act upon the spleen, 
sple'nium. i. A compress; a splint. 2. =«Asplb- 


NiUM. 3. The posterior rotmded extremity of 
the corpus callosum; splenium corporis callosi*. 
sple'ni us. A muscle extending from the upper 
part of the thorax on the back and sides of the 
neck, below the trapezius. It divides above into 
two parts, the S. cap'itis (M. splenius capitis*), 
inserted into the occipital bone beneath the supe¬ 
rior curved line, and the S. col'li (M. splenius 
cervicis*), inserted into the transverse processes 
of several of the upper cervical vertebrae. S. 
accesso'rius, the rhombo*atloideus muscle, 
sple-ni-za'tion. The state of tissues, especially of 
the lung, in which they resemble the spleen. It 
may occur in hypostatic pneumonia {Hypos¬ 
tatic s.). i 3 - Carnification ; hepatization. 
sple'no-. Relating to the spleen: a combining 
form. [< (777spleen.] sple'no-cele = splenic 
HERNIA. — sple-no-clei'sis, occlusion of the spleen. 

— sple-no-col'ic, relating to the spleen and to 
the colon, as S. ligament, a fold of the peritoneum 
between the spleen and the colon.— sple'no-cyte, 
one of the peculiar uninuclear cells of splenic 
tissue.— sple-no-d3m'i a, pain in the spleen.— 
sple-nog'ra-phy, a description of the spleen.— 
sple-no-hae'mi a, -he'mi a, sanguineous congestion, 
or hyperaemia, of the spleen. — splemo-hep'a-to- 
meg'a-ly, enlargement of the spleen and liver.— 
sple'noid, resembling the spleen.— splemo-ker- 
a-to'sis, morbid hardening of the spleen.— 
sple*no-lap-a-rot'o-my = laparosplenotomy.— 
sple-nol'o-gy, the doctrine of the spleen; that 
branch of anatomy (or physiology) which treats 
of the spleen.— splemo-lym-phat'ic, relating to 
the spleen and lymphatics.— sple-no-lymph's 
gland, a h.emolymph gland resembling spleen* 
substance.— sple-no'ma, tumor of the spleen. 

— sple*no-ma-la'ci a, softening of the spleen.— 

sple*no-med'ul-la-ry, pertaining to the spleen 
and the bonesmarrow, as 5 . leukcemia. — 
sple'no-me-ga'li a, sple-no-meg'a-ly, hypertrophy 
of the spleen, as in leukaemia, pernicious anae¬ 
mia, Hodgkin’s disease, cirrhosis of the liver, 
syphilis, and chronic malaria; splenic anaemia; 
Banti’s disease; pseudoleukaemia; megalosplenia 
(which word is etymologically more correctly 
formed). It may be simple, with marked ancemia, 
of family or infantile form, or epitheliomatous. S. 
primiti'va, hypertrophy combined with progres¬ 
sive anaemia of the spleen, Splenectomy. — 

sple'non, a tannin compound from the spleen of 
pigs. Dose, o.I Gm. (i^ grs.).— sple-non'cus, tu¬ 
mor of the spleen.— sple*no-pa-rec'ta-ma, -ta-sis, 
enlargement of the spleen.— sple-nop'a-thy, dis¬ 
ease of the spleen.— sple-no-pex'y, -pex'ia, -pex'is, 
fixation of the spleen, as to the abdominal wall. 

— sple-no-phrax'i a, obstruction of the spleen.— 
sple-no-phren'ic, relating to the spleen and dia¬ 
phragm, as 5 . ligament, a fold of the peritoneum 
between the spleen and the diaphragm; the sus¬ 
pensory ligament of the spleen; ligamentum phre- 
nicolienale*. — sple-noph'thi-sis, atrophy of the 
spleen.— sple*no-pneu-mo'ni a, a variety of pneu¬ 
monia with splenization of the lung.— sple-nop- 
to'sis, prolapse of the spleen.— sple-nor-rha'gi a, 
hemorrhage from the spleen.— sple-nor'rha-phy, 
suture of the spleen.— sple-no-scir'rhus, scir¬ 
rhous cancer of the spleen. — sple-not'o-my. i. 
Dissection of the spleen. 2. The operation of 
cutting into or of excising the spleen, fsple-no- 
tom'ic. — sple-no-tox'in, a substance which de¬ 
stroys splenic cells.— sple-no-ty'phoid, typhoid 
fever with splenic involvement. 


SPLENT 


920 


SPONGIOPILENE 


( 


splent. An old spelling of splint. 
sple'nule, sple-nuc'u-lus. =Splenculus. 
sple‘ny-per-tro'phi a. Hypertrophy, or morbid en¬ 
largement, of the spleen. 

splint. I. A thin piece of wood, tin, pasteboard, or 
other material, used to retain fractured bones in 
apposition during the process of reunion, 
Fracture. Specially named varieties are Ag- 
NEw’s, Anchors, Ashhurst’s, Bavarian, Bond’s, 
Bracketed, Coaptation, Dental, Dupuytren’s, 
Fox’s, Gordon’s, Jones’s nasal, Levis’s, Stro- 
meyer’s, Thomas’s knees, and Thomas’s pos¬ 
terior. S.sbox, an adjustable fracturesbox for 
the leg. S. technology, the scientific study of 
splints as applied in surgery. 2. Periostitis of 
the inner small metacarpal bone and of the can¬ 
non bone of the horse. 3. An exostosis on the 
inner surface of the metacarpal bone of a horse. 
S.sbone. i. The fibula, 2, =Splenial bones. 
3. One of the reduced lateral metacarpals or 
metatarsals of a horse. 

splin'ter. A sharpsedged fragment of bone; also a 
small piece of wood which, imbedded in the flesh, 
causes irritation. S.sbone, the fibula, 
split cloth. A bandage for the head, consisting of 
a central part and six or eight tails or heads; 
capistrum. S. pelvis, congenital lack of union of 
the pubic bones at the symphysis. S. tongue = 
BIFID TONGUE. tspHt'ting. Hydrolysing: often 
in combination, as FaUs. 

spod*i-o-my-e-li'tis. Acute anterior poliomyelitis, 
spo'di um. I. Bone charcoal. 2. Zinc oxide, 
spo-dog'e-nous. Caused by waste products: said of 
a variety of splenic enlargement caused by the 
presence of degenerated red bloodscorpuscles. 
spo-doph'a-gous. Destroying waste=products. 
spo-doph'o-rous. Carrying waste s pro ducts, 
spod'u-mene. A silicate of soda, lithium, and al¬ 
uminum. 

Spdn'del’s foramen. = Sphenofrontal foramen. 
spo'gel seed. The seed of Planta'go ispaghu'la, 
used as a demulcent in intestinal irritation, 
spoke'sbone. The radius. 

spoke'sshave. A circular knife for nasal operations, 
spo'li-a-tive bloodletting. Bloodletting to diminish 
the number of corpuscles. 

Spon'dias. A genus of anacardiaceous trees having 
edible plum^like fruit with poisonous seeds. 
Other portions of the tree are used in medicine, 
spon'dyl-, spon'dy-lo-. Relating to a vertebra; 
VERTEBRO-; Combining forms. [< <T 7 rdpdt>Aof ver¬ 
tebra.] spon-dy-lal'gi a, pain in a vertebra.— 
spon*dy-lar-thri'tis, inflammation of an articula¬ 
tion of the vertebrae, as S. synovia'lis, inflamma¬ 
tion of the synovial coverings of the articular 
processes of the vertebrae; synovitis vertebralis. 

— spon*dy-lar-throc'a-ce, caries of a vertebra.— 
spon'dyle, a vertebra. — spon‘dy-lex-ar-thro'sis, 
dislocation of a vertebra. — spon-dy-li'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of one or more of the vertebrae, especially 
common in scrofulous and tuberculous individu¬ 
als. Rhachiagra. S. cervica'lis, inflammation 
of the cervical vertebrae. S. defor'mans, spondy¬ 
litis with atrophy and ossification of cartilages, 
resulting in deformity. S. tuberculo'sa, tuber¬ 
cular disease of a vertebra. fspon-dy-lit'ic. — 
spon*dy-li-ze'ma, the settling of a vertebra into 
the place left by the destruction of one below it. 

— spon*dy-lo-di-dym'i a, a condition of mon¬ 
strosity in which twins are united by the ver¬ 
tebrae. fspon-dy-lod'y-mus. — spon*dy-lo-dyn'i a, 
pain in the body of a vertebra.— spon'dy-lol-is- 


the'sis, forward displacement^ of'the lumbar ver«- 
tebrae, causing contraction of; the pelvis, fspon*— 
dy-lol-is-thet'ic, as 5 . pelvj&,^ a pelvis which haa 
been contracted by spoadylolisthesis ; Fragile 
pelvis; Rokitanski’s pelvis.— spon*dy-lo-my‘-e'-li'^- 
tis, simultaneous spondylitis and myelitirs. — 
spon*dy-lo-pa'thi a, spon-dy-dop'a-thy, disease of 
the vertebral column., — sptm'dy-lo-py-o'sis, a 
formation of pus in a vertebra.:— spon-dy-los'- 
chi-sis, fissure of a. vertebral arch,, especially of 
the last lumbar vertebra.— spon-dy-lo'sis, anky¬ 
losis of the vertebra^., ^ Rhizomelic s. — spon-» 
dy-lot'o-my, the operation of cutting through the 
spine, especially when performed on the foetus, 
to facilitate delivery, Embryotomy.— spon*- 

dy-lo-ze-matflc = spondylolisthetic. 

sponMy-lus. A vertebra, especially the second 
cervical. [Gr. dcpovdvAog or CTrdvdvlog.] 

sponge. The hairy or fibrous skeleton of various 
species of spongia: used as an absorbent and for 
the application of liquids, and in 
making sponge tents. Since the 
introduction of antiseptic surgery 
sponges are largely replaced by 
swabs of sterilized gauze. Cal¬ 
cined sponge was formerly used in 
the treatment of goitre, Spon¬ 
gia. S.sbath, the copious applica¬ 
tion of water to the surface of the 
body by means of a sponge. S.s 
graft, a piece of sterilized sponge 
inserted to-act as a frames work for 
granulations. S.sgrafting, the ap¬ 
plication of sterilized sponge to 
ulcerated surfaces, etc., to promot 
granulation. S.sholder, an instru¬ 
ment for holding small pieces of sponge, used fo 
swab out cavities, apply remedies, etc. S.spaper, 
paper made of pulp which has finely divided 
sponge mixed with it, rendering it very absorbent: 
used for wound dressing. S.stent, a tent made 
of compressed sponge, Spongia compressa; 
TENT. S.swork, reticulum; spongioplasm. 
fsponge'sflsh’ers’ disease, a gangrenous disease 
caused by the poisonous secretion of a sponge 
parasite, the Sagar'sia ro'sea, a sea^anemone.. 
spon'gi-form. 

Spon'gia, pi. Spon'gice. = Sponge. S. cera'ta =- 
S. PR^PARATA. S. compres'sa, “ compressed 
sponge,” the N. F. name for sponge>=tent, made 
by immersing pieces of sponge in a mixture of 
I volume of mucilage of acacia with 9 volumes of 
water. These tents are made of the desired shape 
by wrapping with twine. S. decolora'ta, “ de¬ 
colorized sponge,” the N. F. name for bleached 
sponge. S.praepara'ta, “ prepared sponge,” sponge 
dipped into melted wax and pressed between iron 
plates, then, when cold, cut and used as tents; 
5 . cerata. S. us'ta = burnt sponge. 

spon'gin. The horny substance of sponge. 

spon'gi-o-blast. i. One of the cells differentiated 
from the ectodermic wall of the neural canal of 
the embryo, which afterward develops into the 
sustentacular tissue or neuroglia. 2. One of the 
cells found in the internal reticular layer of the 
retina, formerly regarded as producing the neu¬ 
roglia, but now considered as nervous elements. 

Amacrines. 

spon'gi-o-cyte. A glia or neuroglia cell. 

spon'gi-oid. =Spongoid. 

spon’gi-o-pi'lene. A fabric formed of sponge and ' 
wool felted together, and a layer of caoutchouc: 



Sponget. 

(X20); 


SPONGIOPLASM 


921 


SPORULATION 


applied to one surface, which, renders it imper¬ 
vious to water, etc.: used like a poultice, 
spon'gi-o-plasm. The reticulated network pervad- 
ing the substance of a cell; the chromatin of a 
cell; reticulum; spongeswork. Protoplasm. 
spon-gi-o'sa. = Substantia spongiosa*. 
spon'gi ose. Having pores like sponge; spongy, 
spon'gi-o-si'tis. Inflammation of the corpus spon- 
giosiun. 

spon'go-blast. = Spongioblast. 
spon'goid. Resembling a sponge. S. inflammation 
= FUNGUS H^MATODES. S. tissuc, the peculiar 
spongy tissue of rickety bones, 
spon'gy. I. Resembling a sponge; of the nature of 
sponge, that is, very cellular or porous. 2. Re¬ 
lating to the corpus spongiosum. S. aneurism, 
an angioma. S. body = corpus spongiosum. S. 
bone of Bertin == sphenoturbinal bone. S. 
bones == TURBINATED BONES. S. Cartilage, elastic 
cartilage. S. platinum, platinum. S. polypus, 
a mucous polypus. S. portion of the urethra, or 
S. urethra, that portion of the urethra which 
traverses the spongy body of the penis; caver¬ 
nosa urethrae; corpus spongiosum urethrae*. S. 
tissue, reticulated or cancellated bone, 
spon-ta'neous. Voluntary; instinctive; occurring 
without external influence. S. abortion, abor¬ 
tion. S. amputation = intrauterine ampu¬ 
tation. S. aneurism, an aneurism whose for¬ 
mation is not due to injury or other external 
cause; an endogenous aneurism. S. anklesclonus, 
a clonic movement of the foot resembling ankles 
clonus, but produced spontaneously. S. combus¬ 
tion, ignition and combustion of the bodies of 
chronic alcoholics; a somewhat apocryphal acci¬ 
dent. S. convulsion, a convulsion that is not ex¬ 
cited by any external cause, but is due entirely to 
a lesion of the central nervous system. S. 
cretinism = sporadic cretinism. S. evolution, 
the spontaneous expulsion of a foetus in a trans¬ 
verse position without its having undergone 
version. S. fracture, fracture of a bone from 
some unknown cause, or one produced by a slight 
force, as in diseased condition of the bone. S. 
generation = abiogenesis. S. hemorrhage, hem¬ 
orrhage which is not consequent upon a wound or 
injury. S. labor, labor which takes place with¬ 
out obstetric assistance. S. movement, any move¬ 
ment originating within the organism itself, such 
as muscular movements, reflex movements, amoe¬ 
boid movements, etc. S. murmur, a murmur 
heard over a wide area: chiefly due to aortic 
insufficiency. S. septicopyaemia, ^septicopye¬ 
mia. S. version, version accomplished by uterine 
contractions, without the aid of the hand 
opool'worm. = Oxyuris vermicularis. 
rpoon. Spoonful. In surgery, a spoon^shaped 
instrument with a sharp cutting edge, used for 
scraping diseased surfaces. Daviel’s s. S. 
diet = LIQUID DIET. S.snail, a nail whose outer 
surface is concave instead of convex. S.ssaw, a 
curette with serrated edges, 
spoon'ful, pi. spoonfuls. The quantity which a 
spoon contains: a teaspoonful being about 5 Cc. 
(i fl. dr.); a dessertspoonful, about 10 Cc. (2 fl. 
drs.); and a tablespoonful, about 15 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). 
spoon'wood. Kal'niia latifo'lia. 
spo-rad'ic. A term applied to diseases that are not 
epidemic, but attack one or at most but a few 
persons at a time, from causes peculiar to each 
case. Endemic; epidemic. S. cholera, cholera 
morbus. S. cretinism, cretinism seen in a person 


whose parents were not cretins and who has nov 
lived in a region where cretinism is prevalent; 
spontaneous cretinism. S. dysentery, a mild form 
of dysentery occurring in temperate climates. S. 
ganglia, swellings along peripheral nerves, formed 
by groups of nerve«cells. [< L. sporad'icus.] 

spo-rad'o-neure. An isolated nervescell occurring 
in any of the tissues. 

spo-ran'gi um, pi. -gia. A capsule enclosing or pro¬ 
ducing spores, fspo-ran'gi al. 

spore. The germ, or seed, of one of the lower 
animals and of cryptogamous plants. t^-Asco- 
spore; endospore; exospore; oospore; zoo¬ 
spore. S. staining, a method of staining apply¬ 
ing especially to spores. [< (TTropd seed.] fspo-- 
rif'e-rous; spo-rip'a-rous. spo-ri-fi-ca'tion. 

spo-rid'i um. i. A protozoan organism during one 
of the spore=stages of its development: often- 
found in vertebrates as a parasite. 2. A provi- 
sional genus of Sporozoa. S. vaccina'le, Funck’s 
name for a protozoan found in the pustules of 
vaccinia and believed to cause the disease. 

spo'ro-. Relating to a spore or seed: a combining 
form. [< GKopd seed.] spo'ro-blast. i. One of 
the globular bodies produced in a coccidium by 
endogenous celbformation. 2. A sporocyst in 
the malaria parasite; oocyst; zygote. [H E. ’06.] 
— spo'ro-cyst. i. A sac or pocket containing 
many spores, especially one in a plant or low 
animal organism. 2. =Scolex. 3. That stage 
of a sporozoon which follows the development of 
sporoblasts and is in its turn succeeded by two 
sporozoits.— spo'ro-cyte, a form of malarial para¬ 
site. — spo-ro-gen'e-sis, spo-rog'e-ny, reproduc¬ 
tion by means of spores. tspo~ro-gen'ic; spo- 
rog'e-nous.— spo-rog'o-ny. i. =Sporogenesis. 
2. The sexual development of the malaria para¬ 
site. 3. A form of exogenous sporulation occur¬ 
ring in coccidia.— spo'ro-gone, the cycle of the 
malarial parasite in the mosquito.— spo'ront. i.. 
= ObcYST. ScHizoNT. 2. A gregarine with¬ 
out an attaching process, as distinguished from 
one with a head or hooks (cephalont). — spo'ro- 
phore, the sporesbearing part of a fungus.— spo'- 
ro-plasm, the protoplasm of asexual reproductive 
cells, fspo-ro-plas'mic.— spo-ro-the'ca. i. = 

Sporangium. 2. The encasement of a sporulat- 
ing cell.— Spo'rothrix schenck'i, a mouldsfungus 
fouiid in certain infective granuloma.— Sporo- 
trich'ium, -chum, pi. -ia, -a. A genus of micro* 
organisms resembling the yeast*fungi. S. der- 
mato'des, a fungus infesting certain reeds, which 
excites a dermatitis in those handling them, 
fspo-ro-tri-cho'sis, any morbid condition due to 
the presence of Sporotrich'ia. — Spo-ro-zo'a, a 
class of Protozo'a parasitic in animals. It includes 
the Coccid'ia, Gregari'na, Microsporid'ia, Myxo- 
sporid'ia, and Sarcosporid'ia. fspo-ro-zo'dn.— 
spo-ro-zo'it, the young sexual form of the malarial 
parasite which develops in the sporoblast, and 
which, when inoculated into the blood, becomes 
a hyaline; germinal rod; gametoblast; zygoto- 
blast. It is sickle*shaped and nucleated.— spo- 
ro-zo'oid, a falciform body sometimes seen in 
carcinoma: believed to be protozoan. 

sport. A deviation from the normal; nutant. &• 
LUSUS NATURE. 

spor-u-la'tion. The formation of spores. Arthrog- 
enous s., the change in bacteria into resistant 
forms under conditions unfavorable to their 
existence, retaining, however, their power of ger¬ 
minating again under favorable conditions. 


SPORULE 


922 


SQUAMO- 


spor'ule. A small spore. 

spot. A mark; a stain; a bit of surface, Mac¬ 
ula; point; punctum; tache. For the various 
kinds of spots, see the adjectives. S. of Soem¬ 
mering = macula LUTEA*. S. of Wagner, the 
nucleolus of the ovum, fspot'ted, as S. i. 
= CEREBROSPINAL FEVER. 2 . = RoCKY MOUNTAIN 

fever; 5 . geranium = Geranium maculatum: 
S. kidney, the mottled kidney seen in acute 
Bright’s disease: and 5 . = pInta. 

sprain. Injury of a joint, accompanied by partial 
rupture of ligamentous structures, usually with 
effusion of blood, and caused by violence insuffi¬ 
cient to produce dislocation. S. fracture, the 
breaking away of a tendon from its insertion, 
carrying a piece of bone with it. 
spray. A fluid so minutely subdivided by air or 
steam pressure as to float in the air: sometimes, 
as in the case of Ether^s., applied for the produc¬ 
tion of local anaesthesia by chilling the part. S. 
cure, treatment by means of a douche of spray. 
S. instrument, an atomizer, 
spread'ing. In bacteriology, denoting a growth, 
extending much beyond the line of inoculation, 
fspread. 

Spreng'el’s deformity. Congenital elevation of the 
scapulae. 

sprew. = Thrush. 

spring conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis recurring each 
spring, and continuing during the summer, but 
abating with cold weather. S. fever, erono- 
sus. S. finger, a condition in 
which extension and flexion of a 
finger beyond certain points are 
difficult. S. halt, a nervous af¬ 
fection of horses characterized 
by an involuntary twitching of 
the hind legs; string®halt. S. 
lancet, a lancet which is made to 
cut by the action of a spring. 

S. ligament, a ligament of the 
foot connecting the os calcis with 
the scaphoid bone; inferior cal- 
careoscaphoid ligament. It also 
helps to form the articular cavity for the head 
of the astragalus. S.snail, a hangnail. S. ophthal¬ 
mia =S. CONJUNCTIVITIS. S. worm=OxYURis 
VERMICULARIS. 

spruce. A popular name of several species of Abies. 

S. gum, a resinous exudate from spruce trees, 
sprue. I. = Thrush. 2 . =Psilosis. 
sprung knee. That condition in which the knee 
(wrist) of a horse is bent forward. 

Spt. Abbr. for L. spir'itus spirit, 
spud. A sharp, narrow spade^like instrument, used 
for various purposes, as for loosening the mucosa 
in flaps, etc. [< Dan. spyd spur.] 
spun glass. A feltwork of fine glass threads; for 
filtering caustic fluids or as a drain; glass wool, 
spunk. Surgeons’ agaric impregnated with KNO,. 
spur. I. Any sharp projecting spineslike out¬ 
growth, as the S. of a cock's leg. S.sblind, my¬ 
opic. S.sgall, a hairless, callous place on a 
horse’s side, due to use of the spur. 2. Ergot, 
spurge. A common name of several species of 
Euphorbia. S.sfiax = Daphne gnidium. 
ipu'ri ous. False; simulated; bastard. S. aneurism, 
a false aneurism. S. ankylosis, cs- ankylosis. S". 
hermaphroditism, hermaphroditism in which the 
genital organs are really those of one sex, 
though they may appear to be of the opposite 
sex or of doubtful sex; apparent hermaphrodit- 



Spring Lancet. 


ism. S. labor, false LABOR. S. melanosis = anth- 
RACosis. S. membrane = FALSE MEMBRANE. S. 
pregnancy = FALSE pregnancy. S. septum, a 
small septum in the fetal heart above the open¬ 
ing of the sinus reuniens. S. tubescast = cylind- 
ROiD. S. valgus or talipes valgus == splay*foot. 
spurred rye. Ergotized rye. 

spu-ta'men, spu-ta-men'tum. Saliva; sputum, 
spu'tum, pi. spu'ta, gen. pi. sputo'rum. The matter 
which is expectorated from the mouth. It may 
consist of saliva, secretions from the pharyngeal 
and nasal regions, and matter from the larynx 
and lower airspassages. ^ Expectoration. Va¬ 
rieties are ^ruginous, Anchovyssauce, Egg* 
YOLK, Globular, Green, Icteric, Nummular, 
Pearly, Prunesjuice, Rusty, and Yellow. S. 
coc'tum, opaque, yellowish, purulent sputum with 
many cells, as seen in the 
later stages of bronchitis. S. 
cro'ceum, the lemonscolored 
sputum seen in the third 
stage of pneumonia. S. cru'- 
dum, a homogeneous, clear, 
mucous sputum, as seen in 
earlier stages of bronchitis 
and catarrh. S. cruen'tum, 
sputum mixed with blood. 

S. cup, see illustration for 
a popular variety. S. foe'ti- 
dum, or pu'tridum, an abund¬ 
ant greenish or yellowish, 
fetid sputum, seen in gangrene of the lungs, pneu¬ 
monomycosis, and sometimes in simple bron¬ 
chiectasis. S. fun'dum pe'tens, sputum which 
sinks in water. S. margaritace'um = pearly 
SPUTUM. S. mucopurulen'tum, a viscid, muco- 
serous sputum containing small lumps: seen in 
bronchitis. S. pneiunon'icum, a rustysbrown, 
viscid sputum characteristic of croupous pneu¬ 
monia and containing mucin, fibrin, and red 
bloodscorpuscles. S. purifor'me, sputum which 
looks like pus. S. rotun'dum == nummular spu¬ 
tum. S. septicaemia, septicaemia caused by in¬ 
oculating animals with sputum containing vari¬ 
ous organisms, as Diplococ'cus pneumo'nice. S. 
tuberculo'sum, purulent sputum in tuberculosis. 
spy-ro-koTon. A pustular eruption upon the nates, 
observed in Greece and believed to be syphilitic, 
squa'ma, pi. squa'mce. 1. A scale, as of the epi¬ 
dermis. Desquamation. 2. A scaleslike 
plate of bone. S. fronta'lis, the vertical plate of 
the frontal bone. S. occip'itis, the suprasoccipital 
bone; the squamous portion of the occipital bone. 
S. tempora'lis, the squamous portion of the tem¬ 
poral bone. 3. The squamous portion of the 
temporal bone. [L., “ a scale.” ] fsqua'mate. 
squa'mo-. Denoting a scale or a scaleslike plate of 
bone: a combining form. [< L. squa'ma a scale.] 
squa-mo-cel'lu-lar, having squamous cells.— 
squa’mo-man-dib'u-lar, relating to the squamosa 
and the mandible.— squa-mo-mas'toid, pertain¬ 
ing to the mastoid and squamous portions of the 
temporal bone, as 5 . furrow, an irregular furrow 
crossing the surface of the mastoid process of the 
temporal bone; often dotted with holes, and rep¬ 
resenting the line of junction of the squamosal 
and the petrosal bone.— squa*mo50C-cip'i-tal bone, 
one of the four elements making up the occipital 
bone of the child. It is the largest of the four, 
making up the greater portion of the bone, 

BAsisocciPiTAL; ExocciPiTAL. — squa*mo-pa-ri'- 
c-tal, pertaining to both the squamous portion of 
















SQUAMULOSE 


928 


STAGE 



Squamous Epithelium 
FROM Frog’s Skin,Viewed 
FROM THE Free Surface. 


the temporal bone and the parietal bone, as 5. 

= squamous suture. — squa‘mo-pe-tro'- 
sal, pertaining to the squamous and petrous 
portions of the temporal bone.— squa-mo'sa = 
SQUAMOUS BONE. — squa-mo^sal, a term applied 
by Owen to the homologue of the squamous por¬ 
tion of the temporal bone. S. suture = squa¬ 
mous SUTURE. — squa'mose == squamous. — squa- 
mo-so-tem'po-ral area, the squamous part of the 
temporal bone. — squa-mo-sphe'noid, squa*mo- 
sphe-noiMal, relating to the squamous bone and 
the sphenoid, as S. suture, the line of junction 
between the anterior border of the squamous and 
the great wing of the sphenoid bone.— squa*mo- 
tym-pan'ic, pertaining to the squamous and tym¬ 
panic portions of the temporal bone.— squa'- 
mous, relating to or resembling a scale; hav¬ 
ing scales; scaly, as S. bone, the upright circular 
plate which forms the 
upper fore part of the 
temporal bone; squa¬ 
mosal bone; squamo¬ 
sa; pars squamosa*'. 

S. •celled carcinoma = 
epithelioma: S. cells, 
dry, thin cells, such as 
occur in the superficial 
strata of the epider¬ 
mis. S. eczema = ec¬ 
zema squamosum: 5 . 

epithelium, epithelium made up of thin flat cells 
like scales, with the cells either in a single layer 
(simple squamous epithelium) or in several layers 
(stratified squamous epithelium): 5 . portion of the 
temporal bone = S. bone: 5 . scrofuloderm, a furfur- 
aceous desquamation affecting scrofulous patients: 
S. suture, the suture between the squamous portion 
of the temporal bone and the parietal bone; squa- 
moparietal suture: and S. syphilide, papulosqua¬ 
mous SYPHiLiDE. — squa*mo-zy-go-mat'ic, of or 
relating to the squamous and zygomatic portions 
of the temporal bone, as S. bone, the squamous 
portion and the zygomatic process of the temporal 
bone. 

squam'u-lose. Covered with small scales, 
square cap. A kind of temporary handkerchief 
dressing for the head. S. knot= reef knot. S. 
lobe. I. The lobus quadratus of the liver. 2. The 
quadrangular lobe of the cerebellum. S. muscle, 
a quadrate muscle. 

squar'ra tonMens. Alopecia areata. [L.] 
squar'rous, -rose. Scurfy. [ < L. squarro'sus.] 
Squibb’s diarrhoea mixture. A mixture of one 
oz. each of tinctures of opium and capsicum and 
spirit of camphor, three drs. of chloroform, and 
alcohol to make five ozs. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 
S.’s podophyllum pills = pilul.e podophylli, 
BELLADONN/E, ET CAPSici*. S.’s rhubarb mixture 
= mistura rhei composita. 
squill. — SciLLA*. [< L. squil'la.'] tsquil-lit'ic. 
squin'an-cy, squin'cy. = Quinsy. 
squint. = Strabismus. S.shook, a hooked instru¬ 
ment for lifting the tendon in operating for stra¬ 
bismus. fsquint'ing, as 5 . angle, the angle indi¬ 
cating the amount of divergence of the affected 
eye in strabismus. 

Squire’s catheter. = Vertebrate catheter. S.’s 
operation. The treatment of port wine stains by • 
multiple parallel incisions. S.’s (G. W.) sign, 
rhythmic hippus: observed in basilar meningitis, 
squir'rhus. =Scirrhus. 
squirt'ing cucumber. =Ecballium. 


Sr. The chemical symbol for strontium. 

S. roma'num. The sigmoid flexure of the colon. 
Ss. Abbr. for L. se'mis half. 

St. I. Abbr. for L. stet, let it stand, or for L. stent, 
let them stand. 2. Abbr. for saint. 
stab. To pierce or wound with a pointed weapon. 
^ Wound. S. culture, a bacterial culture made 
by thrusting a point inoculated with the material 
under examination into the culturesmedium; 
puncture culture; stick culture; thrust culture. 
S.swort = OXALIS ACETOSELLA. 
sta'bile. Unmoved. &- Labile. S. current, an 
electric current passed through the body with 
both electrodes kept stationary. [< L. stab'ilis.] 
sta'blesfly. =Stomoxys calcitrans. 
stac-ca'to utterance. A defect of speech in which 
syllables are uttered in a quick, jerky manner 
with intervals between. ^Scanning speech. 
Sta'chys. A genus of labiate herbs having un¬ 
important medical properties. 5 . palus'tris fur¬ 
nishes stach'y-drin, C-Hj^NOj, a crystalline alka¬ 
loid, and 5 . tuberif'era supplies stach'y-ose, a 
crystalline sugar. 

Stacke’s operation (stac'ez). An operation for dis¬ 
ease of the middle ear, consisting of excision of 
the superior and posterior walls of the meatus, 
the malleus and incus, and other structures, so 
that the attic, tympanum, antrum, and meatus 
form one large cavity. 

stac'te. A variety of myrrh which has fallen in 
drops from the tree. Hb. ’09.] 
stac-tom'c-ter. A drop=measuring instrument, 
standi um. A Latin word signifying a “ race*course,” 
or a measure of length. In medicine, a stage or 
PERIOD of a disease, as 5 . calo'ris (“ stage of 
heat,” or hot stage), S. frig'oris (cold stage). 
S. ac'mes, the acme or crisis of a disease. S. 
augmen'ti, the stage of increase, in the intensity 
of a disease. S. cri'seos, the critical stage. S. 
decremen'ti, defervescence of a fever, or the stage 
of decrease in the intensity of a disease. S. flor- 
escen'tiae, the stage of development of the erup¬ 
tion in an exanthematous fever. S. incremen'ti, 
the stage of increase in the intensity of a disease. 
S. invasio^nis, the stage of the breaking out of a 
disease. S. prodromo'rum, the prodromal or pre¬ 
monitory stage. S. reconvalescen'tiae, the stage 
of recovery or convalescence. S. ul'timum, the 
final stage of a febrile disease. 

Stadthagen’s test (shtat'ha-genz). A test for uric 
acid, made by warming the substance with some 
alkaline solution of arsenous acid and solution of 
copper sulphate, when crystals will be formed of 
red cuprous oxide or white copper urate, 
staff. A grooved steel instrument introduced 
through the urethra into the bladder for lithotomy. 
S. cell. I. A cell shaped like a rod or staff, as 
the olfactory cells or the rods of the retina. 2. 
A cell apparently made of a number of rods or 
fibrillae: seen in the kidney and in the salivary 
ducts. S.stree = Celastrus scandens. 
Staf'ford-shire knot. A knot used for tying pedicles, 
as of the ovary, made by passing a ligature 
through the pedicle by a needle, which is with¬ 
drawn so as to leave a loop, which is drawn over 
the pedicle ; Tait’s knot. One of the free ends of 
the ligature is passed through the loop, and the 
two ends are tied by a reef knot, 
stage. I. The period or stadium, as of a disease. 
Specially named varieties are Algid, Amphibclic, 
Asphyxial, Cold, Eruptive ( = stadium flores- 
CENTiiE), Expulsive, First ( = initial). Hot, 




STAGsEVIL 


924 STAPES 


Initial, Placental ( = third), Second, Step* 
LADDER, Sweating, and Third. S. of invasion, 
that period of a disease during which the system 
comes under the influence of a morbiflc agent. 
S. of latency, the period of incubation of a dis¬ 
ease, i. e., that which intervenes between the en¬ 
trance of a virus and the first manifestation of 
the symptoms to which it gives rise. 2. The 
plate on a microscope carrying the object. S. 
micrometer, fs-MICROMETER, def. 2. 
stag'se-vil. Lockjaw affecting the horse, 
stag'shorn calculus. = Coral calculus. 
stag'ger=bush. = Andromeda mariana. 
stag'gers. es-Blind staggers. 
stagiaire (sta-zhdr).» The official name of a medi¬ 
cal student in a French hospital. [F.] 
sta'gi um. The sixth part of an ounce, 
stag'ma. A drop; also, a distillate, 
stag’mo-de-op-so-ri'a-sis. Psoriasis guttata, 
stag-na'tion. i. A stoppage or retardation of the 
circulating fluids in any portion of the body. 2. 
Venous engorgement. 

stag'nin. A physiological styptic prepared from 
spleenspulp by a process of antiseptic autoly.sis. 
stag'num chy'li. = Receptaculum chyli. 
stah'li-an-ism. = Animism, fstah'lian. 

Stahl’s ear (stalz). An ear having the helix flat¬ 
tened and blended with the anthelix so that the 
fossa ovalis and the fossa scaphoidea do not 
show. S.’s pills, aperient pills containing aloes, 
rhubarb, and iron. S.’s theory, animism, 
stain. I. A spot or discoloration. 2. A dye or re¬ 
agent used to color tissues, etc., for microscopic 
work; a staining agent, Contrast s.; nu¬ 
clear s.; plasmatic s.; protoplasmic s.; se¬ 
lective s. 3. To color a tissue. S. of blood = 
BLOOD^STAiN. fstain'able. stain'ing, as Differ¬ 
ential s., staining with the contrast stain: Double 
s., differential staining produced by the employ¬ 
ment of two dyes at the same time: Metachro- 
matic s., the impartation of different colors to 
different tissue*elements by the same pigment: 
and Multiple s., staining with several pigments 
at the same time. 

stair'case. A series of responses to stimuli extend¬ 
ing from the minimum to the maximum in inten¬ 
sity. e^Treppe. S. temperature, the peculiar 
condition of the temperature which gives the 
temperature*curve the appearance of a staircase. 
S. of tympanum = sc ALA tympani*. S. of ves¬ 
tibule = SCALA VESTIBULI*. 

stair sign. Difficulty or awkwardness in descend¬ 
ing stairs: symptomatic of locomotor ataxia, 
stal-ag-mom'e-ter. An instrument, as that of 
Traube, for measuring surface tension and the 
size of drops. Meiostagmin reaction. 
sta-lax'is. = Stillicidium. 

stalked hydatid. = Hydatid of Morgagni, def. i. 
stal'ti-ca. Astringent medicines, 
sta'men, pi. stamens. One of the male organs of a 
flower which produce the pollen, 
stam'i-na. Vigor; endurance; strength. [L.] 
stam'mer-ing. Hesitancy in articulation; stut¬ 
tering. In stammering there is difficulty with 
starting the word; in stuttering in ending it, the 
first portion being repeated and repeated. S. 
bladder, a bladder in which, through lack of co¬ 
ordination, the muscles act spasmodically, caus-* 
ing irregular and painful urination ( 5 . micturi¬ 
tion). S. fingers, writers’ cramp. 

Stam'per. A patient affected with locomotor ataxia; 
so called because of the peculiar stamping gait. 


stanch. To check the flow of blood from: as, to 
stanch a wound. 

stand'ard. Something established, as by authority, 
to serve as a means of comparison. S. candle, 
originally the light of a spermaceti candle burn¬ 
ing under standard conditions. The present 
English standard is a 10 c. p. lamp burning pen¬ 
tane (yernon^Harcourt) ; the German standard is 
an amyl acetate lamp (Hefner) ; and the French 
use a colza*oil standard of about 10 c. p. (Bee 
Carcel). The different candle*powers according 
to these four standards are nearly proportional 
to 60:58:53:57 respectively. A new international 
standard has recently been adopted by England, 
France, and the United States, which is related 
to the German Hefner by a simple ratio, i Inter¬ 
national Candle being equal to Hefner. S. 
solution, a solution which contains a definite 
amount of a reagent, fstan-dar-di-za'tion, the 
act of comparing with or making to conform to 
a standard, as of medicines, reagents, pharma¬ 
ceutical preparations, etc. stan'dar-dize. 
gtand'sstill. The quiet state resulting from sus¬ 
pended activity. Respiratory s., suspension of 
the movements of respiration. When it occurs 
at the end of an expiration it is termed Expiratory 
s. ; when at the end of an inspiration. Inspiratory s. 
Stan'nius’s experiment. The application of a liga¬ 
ture between the sinus and the auricles of the 
frog’s heart to show that the sinus usually orig¬ 
inates the rhythmical contractions, 
stan'num, gen. stan'ni. = Tin. S. glaciaTe = 
BISMUTH. S. in'dicum = ziNC. stan'ni pul'vis, 
“powder of tin”; granulated tin: used as a 
remedy for tapeworm. [L.] fstan'nic, contain¬ 
ing tin as a quadrivalent element, as 5 . acid, a 
white, vitreous substance, H2Sn03: 5 . anhydride, 
tin oxide. S. chloride, SnCl^, or tin tetrachloride, 
formed by passing chlorine gas over tinsfoil or 
fused tin and formerly used as an antispasmodic 
and a taenifuge: and S. sulphide, a goldensyellow, 
crystalline compound SnSg, used as a taenifuge. 
stan'nate, a salt of stannic acid, stan-neth-yl'i um, 
an additive compound of tin and ethyl iodide. 
[1 Hb. ’09.] stan-nif'e-rous, bearing or contain¬ 
ing stannum or tin. stan'ni ol, tinsfoil. stan'nite, 
tin sulphide; bell=metal. stan'nous, containing 
tin, as 5 . chloride = tin chloride. 
sta-pe-dec'to-my. Excision of the stapes, 
sta-pe'dial. i. Stirrup=shaped. 2. Relating to the 
stapes. S. ligament, the ligament connecting the 
base of the stapes with the margin of the fenestra 
ovalis. S. muscle, the stapedius. S. nerve, the 
tympanic branch of the facial nerve which sup¬ 
plies the stapedius muscle; N. stapedius"^ 
sta-pe'dic artery. A branch of the stylomastoid 
division of the posterior auricular artery, running 
forward to the stapedius muscle. 
sta-pe*di-o-te-not'o-my. Cutting of the tendon of 
the stapedius muscle. 

sta-pe'di-o-ves-tib'u-lar. Pertaining to the stapes 
and the fenestra ovalis. 

sta-pe'di us. A muscle of the ear arising from the 
eminence of the pyramid and inserted into the 
neck of the stapes; M. stapedius"^. It rotates 
the stapes and draws its head backward, 
sta'pes*. I. The innermost of the ossicles of the 
internal ear, resembling somewhat a stirrup in 
shape. It is inserted by its base into the fenestra 
ovalis, and articulates by its head with the incus. 
2. A form of spica bandage for the foot. (See 
illustration, next page.) 


STAPHISAGRIA 


925 


STAPHYLOMA 


staph-i-sag'ri a*. The ripe seeds of Delphin'ium 
staphisag'ria or stavesacre: taken internally they 
are a violent drastic, and applied externally they 
are parasiticide. Dose, 0.65 Gm. (i gr.). 
Fluidextractum staphisagrIvE*. From it are 
obtained staph-i-sag'rine, a poisonous alkaloid, 
^22H53N05: used locally in scabies and staph-is- 
a'ine or staph'i-sine, an alkaloid soluble in ether. 


A 



I 



Right Stapes. — A. Seen from above. 1. Neck. 2. Pos¬ 
terior crus. 3. Foot-plate. 4. Anterior crus. 5. Head. 
B. Mesial surface of foot-plate, i. Upper edge. 2. 
Posterior. 3. Lower edge. XaH- (Piersol.) 

staph'yl-, staph'y-lo-. Relating to the uvula; 
shaped like a grape; denoting a grape: combining 
forms, staph-y-lag'ra, a forceps for holding the 
uvula.— staph'y-le, the uvula.— staph‘yl-hae-ma- 
to'ma, haematoma of the uvula.— staph'y-line. 
I. Having the shape of a bunch of grapes. 2. 
Relating to the uvula, as S. artery, the posterior 
palatine artery: and 5 . glands, the palatine glands. 

— staph-y-li*no-phar-yn'ge us — palatopharyn- 
. GEUS. — staph-y-li*no-ther-a-peu'tics, grape-cure. 

— staph-y-li'nus, belonging to the uvula, as 5. 
exter'nus, the tensor palati muscle, and 5 . inter'- 
nus, the levator palati muscle.— sta-phyl'i on, a 
craniometrical point situated on the posterior 
edge of the hard palate at the median line.— 
staph-y-li'tis, inflammation of the uvula.— sta- 
phyl'i um, the nipple.— Staphyloangina, Sta- 
phylococ'cus, and connected words, see in 
vocabulary place below.— staph*y-lo-di-al'y-sis, 
relaxation of the uvula.— staph-yl-oe-de'ma, 
enlargement of the uvula.— staph-y-lo'ma, and 
connected words, see in vocabulary place 
below.— staph-y-lon'cus, a tumor or swell¬ 
ing of the uvula.— staph'y-lo-pha-ryn'ge al, 
relating to the uvula and the pharynx. — 
staph‘y-lo-pha-ryn'geus =palatopharyngeus. — 
staph'y-lo-plasty. i. The operation of restoring 
the uvula when defective. 2. An operation for 
cleft palate in which the gap is filled by a flap taken 
from the wall of the pharynx, fstaph'y-lo-plas'- 
tic. — staph‘y-lop-to'sis, elongation of the uvula. 

— staph-y-lor'rha-phy, the operation of suturing 
the edges of a cleft palate; cionorrhaphy; palator¬ 
rhaphy.— staph-y-lot'o-my, staph*y-lo-to'mi a. 
I. Amputation of the uvula. 2. Excision or in¬ 
cision of a staphyloma, fstapfl'y-lo-tome. 

staph*y-lo-an-gi'na. Pseudomembranous inflam¬ 
mation of the throat resulting from infection 
with staphylococci, fstaph-y-lo-coc-cae'mia, the 
presence of staphylococci in the blood. staph- 
y-lo-coc'ci a. i. General infection with staphy¬ 
lococci. 2. Suppuration of the skin due to 
staphylococci, staph-y-lo-coc'cic. staph-y-lo- 
co'sis, infection by staphylococci. staph-y-lo- 
hae'mia = staphylococcemia, staph-y-lo-ly'- 
sin, a haemolysin derived from various staphy¬ 
lococci, as 5 . al'bus and 5 . au'reus. staph-y-lo- 
my-co'sis, a diseased state due to staphylococci, 
staph’y-lo-plas'min, a culture of living staphy¬ 


lococci with their poisonous constituents, staph- 
y-lo-strep-to-coc-cid'i a, mixed* infection with 
staphylococci and streptococci. staph*y-lo-tox'- 
in, a filtrate of a staphylococcus culture. 

Staphylococ'cus. A genus of bacteria characterized 
by cocci gathered into irregular masses. S. al'¬ 
bus, a species found in milk and'in the pus of 
osteomyelitis: not known to be pathogenic. S. 
au'reus, a saprophytic species from cancers. S. 
bis'krae, a species from the serum and pus of Bis¬ 
kra button and from the blood and excreta of 
patients affected with it. It is probably the 
cause of the disease; Micrococ'cus bis'krce. S. ce'- 
reus albus, a species found in pus. S. ce'reus 
au'reus, a species producing an orange pigment: 
from the nasal discharge in coryza. S. ce'reus 
fla'vus = S. PASSETi. S. of dengue, a species 
found in the blood of patients suffering with den¬ 
gue ; Scheut'zia laughli'ni. S. ful'vus, a species 
producing a rose-red pigment: from the lungs of 
horses and rabbits. S. hae- 
morrha'gicus, a pathogenic 
species from the vesicles of 
sheep affected with garget. 

S. manfre'di, a species from 
the sputum of lobar pneu¬ 
monia, producing that dis¬ 
ease when injected into 
animals. S. passet'i, a 
species found in pus, form¬ 
ing a yellow pigment. S. 
of pemphigus, a species 
from the skin, kidney, and 
spleen in a case of chronic 
pemphigus. S. plicat'ilis, 
a species believed to cause 
perleche. S. pyo'genes, any 
one of several species caus¬ 
ing suppuration. S. pyo'¬ 
genes al'bus, a species found in pus; Micrococ'cus 
pyo'genes al'bus: it produces suppuration when 
injected subcutaneously. S. pyo'genes au'reus, a 
species found in earth, air, and pus; Micrococ'cus 
pyo'genes au'reus. It produces abscesses on sub¬ 
cutaneous injection, and nephritis, endocarditis, 
and arthritis when introduced into the peritoneal 
cavity; it produces a golden-yellow pigment and 
phlogosin, and also peptonizes albumin. S. pyo'¬ 
genes cit'reus, a species resembling Staphylococ'cus 
pyo'genes au'reus, but producing a lemon-colored 
pigment; Micrococ'cus pyo'genes cit'reus. S. pyo- 
sep'ticus, a species found in a cutaneous tumor of 
a dog: it caused suppuration in rabbits. S. rind- 
fleisch'i, a species from the capillaries in mycosis 
fungoides; it occurs in chains of colorless cocci. 
S. saliva'rius pyo'genes, a species derived from an 
abscess under the meninges of a guinea-pig inocu¬ 
lated with sputum from a patient with scarlatinal 
angina: it causes suppuration when injected. S. 
vir'idis flaves'cens, a non-pathogenic species found 
in the vesicles of varicella: it forms a greenish 
pigment. 

staph-y-lo'ma, staph-y-lon'chi a. Outward bulging 
of the cornea or sclera, due to thinning or ulcera¬ 
tion, often with protrusion of the parts beneath. 
Annular s. i. A staphyloma surrounded by an 
atrophic choroid coat. 2. Staphyloma of the 
sclera in the ciliary region, extending around the 
corneal”margin. Anterior s., staphyloma of the 
cornea or of the anterior segment of the sclera. 
Ciliary s., staphyloma in that part of the sclera 
covered by the ciliary body. S. cor'neae. i 


•••<■• V-vft. % ■- :S . . 

■ ^ " I 




’v/ 




r .jg -j,, ..a.- , 

,% *•'* * • * •*’ 


S'. 


%• * "v * 

^ Hf. s . • •>. 






*••• * 7 ^ .. •• •: 

• * * V 


Staphylococcus. 





STAPLE SUTURE 


926 


STATIC 


Protrusion caused by the cornea losing its trans¬ 
parency and projecting beyond the eyelid; 
conical cornea; prolapsus corneae; projecting 
staphyloma. 2. Staphyloma formed by an altered 
iris which has protruded through a wound in 
the cornea. S. cor'neae racemo'sum, S. corner 
( def. 2) in which there are several perforations 
from which small portions of iris protrude. Equa¬ 
torial s., staphyloma of the sclera in the equatorial 
region of the eye. Intercalary s., staphyloma 
sclerae anterior to the insertion of the ciliary 
body. S. latera'le, staphyloma on one side of the 
equator of the eyeball. S. pellu'cidum = S. cor¬ 
ner®, def. I. Posterior s., staphyloma of the sclera 
or of its posterior segment. S. posti'cum, poste¬ 
rior staphyloma. Projecting s. = S. corners, 
def. I. Scarpa’s s.,i^ Scarpa. S. scle'rae, pro¬ 
trusion of the sclera which has become thin and 
given way before the intra^ocular pressure. 
Uveal s., protrusion of a portion of the uvea 
through the ruptured sclera, fstaph-y-lom'a-tous. 

Eta’ple suture. A suture consisting of a U=shaped 
wire, which is passed through both lips of the 
wound and fastened. 

star. I. A figure or structure with radiating, star* 
like points, especially applied to granules, cells, 
and organisms. ^ Diaster; polar s.; ven.b 
STELLAT.E; WiNSLow’s ss. S. anise, Illicium 
AN isATUM. S. of Bethlehem = Ornithogalum. 
S.scells, endothelial cells of vessels having the 
power to enclose various granules. S.sgrass = 
Aletris farinosa. Ss. of Verheyen = ven.« 
STELLAT.E. Ss. of WinslOW = WiNSLOW’s STARS. 
Yellow s. = Helenium autumnale. 2. =Stella. 

starch. A carbohydrate, CgHioOg, found in nearly 
all plants, and used in the arts and as a food. 
It occurs in the form of variously shaped gran¬ 
ules and is converted into 
sugar by the action of heat in 
the presence of dilute acid, 
into dextrin by dry heat, and 
into dextrin and malt*sugar 
by the action of various fer¬ 
ments. i^Amylose; amy- 
LUM*. Animal s.= Glyco¬ 
gen. ly Corpora AMYLACEA. 

S. bandage, a bandage moist¬ 
ened with starchspaste so that 
it may become stiff after it 
has been applied. S.sbath, a 
bath containing a pound of 
starch to thirty gallons of 
water: used like the bran* 
bath. S.scell, a vegetable cell 
containing starch. S. cellulose, the insoluble por¬ 
tion of starch. Corn s.= amylum*. S. enema, an 
enema prepared by boiling one tablespoonful of 
starch in a pint of water: if indicated a tablespoon¬ 
ful of laudanum may be added. S. equivalent, a 
number, 2.4, expressing the amount of oxygen 
required for the combustion of a given weight of 
fat as compared with the quantity required for the 
same weight of starch. Glycerite of s. = glyceri- 
TUM AMYLI*. S.sgrain = S.*CELL. S.sgUm = DEX- 
trin. Iodized s. = amylum iodatum. S.=paste = 
MUCILAGO AMYLI. Soluble S., SOLUBLE. S. sugar 
= glucose, def. i. S. water, a mixture of wheat* 
starch and water: used as an enema. 

start'er. A term given to a pure culture of bac¬ 
teria for starting particular kinds of fermenta¬ 
tion, as in the ripening of cream, gv Lactone. 

startling pain. = Jumping pain. 


Star'tin’s lotion. A mixture of zinc oxide, 
calamine, glycerin, and lime water: used in treat¬ 
ment of eczema. S.’s mixture, a combination of 
iron and magnesium sulphates, dilute sulphuric 
acid, and infusion of quassia: used in the treat¬ 
ment of acne vulgaris. S.’s tubular needle, a 
hollow needle for introducing silver wire, 
star-va'tion. Deprivation of food. Fasting. S. 

cure = HUNGER cure. 
star'wort. =Callitriche verna. 

Stas=Otto method (stas-ot'6). A method of separat¬ 
ing alkaloids and ptomaines. It consists in 
treating the substance with twice its weight of 
90% alcohol and about 20 grains of tartaric or 
oxalic acid, filtering, evaporating, dissolving the 
residue in absolute alcohol, filtering and evapo¬ 
rating again, dissolving in weak alkali, and ex¬ 
tracting the alkaloid with ether, 
sta-sim'e-try. Measurement of the consistence of 
soft organic bodies (Bitot). [Tf G. ’07.] 
stas'i-mor-phy. Deviation from the normal due to 
arrested development, 
sta-si-pho'bi a. =Stasophobia. 
sta^sis. Stoppage of the flow of any of the fluids 
of the body, especially of the blood. Bier’s 
passive hyperemia. S. dermatosis, a skin dis¬ 
ease marked by disturbance of the circulation 
and of lymphatic absorption. Diffusion s., stasis 
in which there is diffusion of lymph or serum. 
Inflammatory s., the apparent stoppage of an en¬ 
tire blood»column and especially the clinging of 
white blood*corpuscles to the inner walls of the 
smallest vessels of inflamed parts. Venous s., 
stasis of blood due to venous congestion. 
sta‘so-ba-so-pho'bi a. An insane distrust of one’s 
ability to stand or walk. Abasia; astasia* 

ABASIA. 

sta-so-pho'bi a. Morbid fear of standing upright. 
Stat. Abbr. for L. sia'tim immediately, 
state. Condition; situation; predicament; status 
In pathology, a crisis or fastigium. 
state medicine, i. That part of medical science 
which deals with the health of the community. 
2. Medical jurisprudence. 

stat'ic, stat'i-cal. Having the power of keeping in 
a stationary condition: applied by some writers 
to the physical phenomena exhibited in organized 
bodies, as contradistinguished from the organic 
or vital phenomena. S. ataxia, extreme unsteadi¬ 
ness and uncertainty of gait, or even lack of the 
power to stand without falling; a condition seen 
in tabes. S. breeze, the brush or fan*shaped 
spark passing between the patient and the appli¬ 
cator in applying static electricity, if a pointed 
electrode be used. S. electricity, that variety of 
electricity which is generated by friction or other 
mechanical means, and which does not produce 
currents; frictional or franklinic electricity. S. 
gangrene, gangrene resulting from stasis of the 
circulation. S. machine, a machine for generat¬ 
ing static electricity. S. medicine, medical obser¬ 
vation based on the accurate determination from 
time to time of the weight of the body and of its 
nourishment and excreta. S. pelvis, the bony 
or anatomic pelvis. S. reflex spasm, saltatory 
spasm. S. refraction, the refractive power of the 
eye when its accommodation is completely at 
rest. S. scoliosis, er scoliosis. S. shock, the 
application of a discharge of static electricity to 
a patient. S. symptom, a symptom indicative 
of the condition of a single organ, without regard 
to the rest of the body. [< L. stat'icus.] 



Potato Showing 
Starch Gran¬ 
ules. (Low mag¬ 
nification.) 


STATICE 


927 


STEATO- 


■tat'i-ce. Marsh rosemary, the 1880 U. S. P. name 
for the root of Stat'ice limo'nium, variety caro~ 
linia'na. It is astringent and antiseptic, 
stat'ics. That department of mechanics which 
treats of matter in a state of rest or equilibrium, 
sta'tim. Immediately; abbr. stat. [L.] 
sta'tion. The steadiness with which a person 
stands; position. S. test, a test for disturbances 
of coordination, made by placing the patient in 
an erect posture with the heels and toes of the 
two feet together: if the swaying of the body is 
beyond normal, coordination is defective. [< 
sta’tio, fr. sia're to stand.] fsta'tion-a-ry, stand¬ 
ing still; immovable, as 5. afr= residual air: 
5 . cataract, an opacity of the lens of the eye 
which remains stationary and does not increase 
in size: and 5 ". diseases, diseases which prevail in 
a certain district for a considerable length of time, 
sta-tis'tics, medical. Classified facts relating to 
some department of medicine; vital statistics, 
stat'o-cyst. One of the vestibular sacs of the laby¬ 
rinth of the ear: supposed to be the organ on 
-which the static equilibrium of the body depends, 
sta-tom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
amount of exophthalmia; an exophthalmometer, 
stat'ure. The height of the human body, 
sta'tus. A condition or state. S. angino'sus, acute, 
fatal angina of arterial origin. S. arthrit'icus, the 
condition of the system preceding and predispos¬ 
ing to an attack of gout. S. bilio'sus, a bilious 
state ; biliousness. S. cribro'sus, a cribriform 
condition, especially of the substance of the 
nerves or brain, perhaps vascular and due to the 
resorption of small vessels. S. eclamp'ticus, the 
condition of a person in eclampsia. S. epilep'- 
ticus. I. A condition in which epileptic attacks 
follow each other in rapid succession, often 
ending in death. 2. Hystero^epilepsy. S. gas'- 
tricus, a disordered condition of the stomach; 
gastricism. S. hemisepilep'ticus. [T] N. Y. Med. 
Jr. vol. 84.] S. hyster'icus, the hysteric state. 
S. lymphat'icus, a condition found especially in 
children and young persons, marked by hyper¬ 
plasia of the thymus, spleen, lymphoid bone-mar¬ 
row and of the lymphatic glands and vessels 
throughout the body, and associated with dimin¬ 
ished powers of resistance to infections, injuries, 
and narcotics with liability to sudden death from 
trifling causes, as an operation for adenoids, etc.; 
lymphatism, status thymicus. [^f L. ij. ’08.] S. 
nervo'sus, a nervous condition or disposition of 
body. S. parturien'di, parturition. S. prae'sens, 
the present condition of a patient, i. e., at the 
time of making the observation. S. rap'tus = 
ECSTASY. S. thy'micus = vS. lymphaticus. S. 
typho'sus = TYPHOID state. S. vertigino'sus, 
a prolonged condition of vertigo. [L.] 
sta-tu'vo-lence, sta-tu'vo-lism. A self-induced hyp¬ 
notism. tsta-tu'vo-lent; sta-tu-vol'ic. 

Staub’s fluid (stobz). An albuminous solution of 
corrosive sublimate, used hypodermically, 
stau'ri on. A craniometrical point situated at the 
crossing of the median and transverse palatine 
sutures. [ < aravpoq cross.] 
stau-ro-ple'gi a. Crossed hemiplegia. 
Stauungshyperamie (shtau-ungs-hii-pIr-^-mi a). == 
Bier’s passive hyperemia. [Ger.] 
sta'ver-wort. The plant Sene'cia jacobce'a. 
staves'a-cre. The plant Delphinium staphisagria. 
stax'is. =Stillicidium. [ < ordfeiv to drip.] 
staysknot. A knot made with two or more liga¬ 
tures, each being tied with the first half of a reef* 


knot; then all the ends on one side are taken 
in one hand and all the ends on the other side 
in the other hand and tied together. 

Steam=bath. (^Russian bath; Turkish bath. 
S. doctor, a thomsonian physician. S.stug 
murmur, murmur of aortic obstruction and in¬ 
sufficiency which resembles the sound of the ex¬ 
haust of a steam-tug. 

steam'y cornea. A cornea showing slight superficial 
opacity and appearing like glass which has been 
breathed upon. It is seen in the early stages of 
corneal inflammations. 

ste-ap'sin. An emulsifying ferment found in the 
pancreatic juice, having fat-splitting (lipolytic) 
properties, the result being glycerin and a free 
fatty acid; pialyn. 

ste'ar, gen. ste'atis. =Sevum; originally, solid fat. 
ste-ar-al'de-hyde. = Stearic aldehyde. 
ste-ar'e-in. A fatty compound from wool fat. 
ste-ar'ic acid. A firm, white, solid, wax-like sub¬ 
stance, CjgHjgOj, fusible at 157® F., insoluble in 
water, but soluble in alcohol and ether, contained 
in the more solid animal fats; acidum steari- 
cum*. It is used as a substitute for wax in 
making wax candles. S. aldehyde, a compound, 
CigHggO, obtained by distilling calcium stearate 
with calcium formate. [< creap solid fat or tal¬ 
low.] fste'a-rate, a combination of stearic acid 
with a base, as 5 . of glycerol — stearin. 
ste'a-rin. A whitish, concrete glyceride, C3H5- 
(CigHjgOgjj, fusible at 67° C. (152° F.), found in 
many fats and oils, Stearic acid. 
ste'a-ro-. Relating to fat; steato-: a combining 
form. [< areap solid fat or tallow.] ste’a-ro- 
co-no'tum, a peculiar, yellow, pulverulent fat, 
found in brain tissue, and said to contain 
phosphorus and sulphur.— ste*a-ro-co-der'mi a, 
a disease of the skin involving the sebaceous 
glands.— ste'a-rol, a medicine prepared with fat 
as an excipient.— ste-a-rol'ic acid, a crystalline 
substance, CJ8H32O2, from oleic acid. — ste'a-rone, 
a pearly, crystalline substance, CjgH^oO, obtained 
in various ways, as by distilling stearic acid.— 
ste-a-rop'ten, the concrete or solid portion of 
volatile oils.— ste’a-ro-ri-cin'ic acid, one of three 
acids produced during saponification of castor 
oil {oleum ricini). tste*a-ro-ric'i-nate. — ste-a- 
ro'sis = steatosis. 

ste-ar-rhce'a. i. = Seborrhcea. S. cseru'lea, 
stearrhoea in which the secretion is of a blue 
color. S. flaves'cens, stearrhoea in which the 
secretion is of a yellow color. S. ni'gricans, stear¬ 
rhoea with a blaok secretion. 2 . Stools with 
much fat often observed in pancreatic diseases. 
[< creap fat + pelv to flow.] 
ste'a-tin. i. = Stearin. 2 . A cerate containing 
a large amount of tallow. 

ste-a-ti'num. =Steatin, def. 2 . S. iodofor'mi, a 
steatin containing 18 parts of mutton tallow, 2 
parts of expressed oil of nutmeg, and i part of 
powdered iodoform, 
ste'a-tite. = Talcum*. 

ste-a-ti'tis. Inflammation of the fatty tissues, 
ste'a-to-. Relating to fat; stearo-: a combining 
form. [ < areap fat.] ste'a-to-cele, fatty tumor 
in the testicle.— ste‘a-to-cryp-to'sis, derangement 
of the fimction of the sebaceous glands.— ste-a- 
tog'e-nous, causing or tending to cause steatosis. 
— ste-a-toFy-sis, the emulsifying process fats 
undergo preparatory to absorption, fste’a-to- 
lyt'ic. — ste-a-to'ma. 1. An encysted tumor con¬ 
taining a fatty substance; a sebaceous cyst. a. 


STECHIOLOGY 


928 


STENT’S MASS 


A lipoma. S. miil'leri, lipofibroma. S. testic'uh, 
:steatocele. fste-a-tom'a-tous. — ste’a-to-my'ces, 
•a fatty, fungus outgrowth.— ste-a-top'a-thy, dis- 
•ease of the sebaceous glands, fste'a-to-path'ic. 
— ste’a-to-py'ga, ste-a-to-py'gi a, fat buttocks, 
common among the Hottentots, fste'a-to-py'- 
gous. — ste*a-tor-rhoe'a = seborrhcea: etymo¬ 
logically more correctly formed than that word.— 
ste-a-to'sis, pi. steato'ses. i. The progress or 
formation of steatoma; any disease of the seba¬ 
ceous glands. 2. Fatty degeneration. j®“Astea- 
Tosis; HYPERSTEATOSIS. — ste'a-to-zo'on = De- 
MODEX FOLLICULORUM. 

5 tech-i-ol'o-gy, stoech-i-ol'o-gy. The science of ele¬ 
ments, especially the branch of physiology treat¬ 
ing of the elementary tissuescells. 
stech'i-om'e-try, stcech-i-om'e-try. Measurement 
of the proportions in which elements combine to 
form compounds. 

steel. A form of iron, containing 0.5 to 1.5% of 
carbon: intermediate between cast iron and 
wrought iron. S.sgrinders’ phthisis = pneumono- 
coNiosis. S.shammer pulse, an abrupt, forcible 
pulse like the rebound of a hammer from an 
anvil, felt in arteries near a rheumatic joint. S. 
mixture = MiSTURA ferri composita*. S.spen 
palsy = writers’ cramp. Tincture of s. =tinc- 

TURA FERRI CHLORIDI*. Wine Of S. =VINUM 
FERRI*. 

ISteele’s sign. The exaggerated pulsation over the 
entire cardiac region in intrathoracic tumors. 
!steep. I. To macerate. 2. = Rennet. 

■ steep'grass. =Pinguicula vulgaris. 
:stee'ple-bush. =Spir^a salicifolia. 

Steers’s opodeldoc. Solid opodeldoc. 
ste'ge. The internal Corti’s rods. [< areyoq roof.] 
steg'month. The period (usually a month) between 
childbirth and perfect recovery.' 
steg-no'sis. Constriction; stenosis. j-steg-not'ic. 
Stegomy'ia. A genus of CulicidcB: found in most 
tropical and semitropical countries, one species 
in the warmer parts of southern Europe. S. cal'- 
opus, the name officially adopted by the Public 
Health and Marine*Hospital Service and the 
Bureau of Entomology, Dept, of Agriculture, for 
the yellow*fever mosquito. It has also been 
known as Cu'lex fascia'tus, Culex cal'opus, Stego- 
my'ia jascia'ta, and the brindled or tiger mos¬ 
quito. It is the intermediate host for the yellow* 
fever parasite and is distinguished by the harp* 
shaped thoracic ornamentation and the whiteness 
of the last hind tarsal joint. It does not occur in 
cold regions, Anopheles ; Culex; yellow 
FEVER. S. fascia'ta, the name formerly given to 
S. CALOPUS. 

JStel'la. An Xsshaped bandage. [L., “ a star.” ] 
JstelTae vasculo'sae winslo'wi. = Winslow’s stars. 
stel'lar phosphate. Star*shaped groups of crystals of 
calcium phosphate, occurring as a urinary deposit, 
stel'late. Star*shaped. S. bandage = stella. S. 
cells, ramified cells, with radiating branches, 
which give them the appearance of stars, espe¬ 
cially, flattened cells of such a shape occupying the 
outer plexiform layer of the retina. These are 
called also Horizontal cells and Basal cells. S. 
figures, the fine, sinuous, gray lines seen on the 
anterior {anterior s. figures) and posterior {poste¬ 
rior s. figures) surfaces of the crystalline lens, 
radiating from the pole toward the equator. S. 
fracture, a fracture of a star*like form, consisting 
of a central point of injury, from which radiate 
numerous fissures, S. ganglion, the first thoracic 


ganglion. S. hair, a hair split at the end like a 
star. S. laceration, a laceration, in which the 
tissue is split in several directions, especially 
such an injury of the cervix uteri. S. ligament, 
the anterior costocentral ligament. S. neuroglias 
cells, spider*cells or glia*cells. S. veins = vENiB 
STELLATE. fstelTa-ted, as 5 . fracture, a com¬ 
minuted fracture in which the lines of fracture 
emanate from one point like the rays of a star, 
stel'lulae verheye'ni. =Ven^ stellat,®. S. vas¬ 
culo'sae winslo'wi = Winslow’s stars. 
Stell'wag’s sign or symptom. The infrequency and 
incompleteness of nictitation, often limited to 
elevation of the upper eyelid, seen in exophthal¬ 
mic goitre, Dalrymple’s sign. 
stem of the epiglottis. =Petiolus epiglottidis*. 
S. of a hair = HAiRsSHAFT. S. pessary, a pessary 
with a rod which passes into the cervix uteri. 
Sten'der dish. A dish for staining and preparing 
histological specimens. 

sten'i on. A craniometrical point situated at the 
end of the least transverse diameter of the skull 
taken in the temporal fossa. [ < crevdg narrow.] 
sten'o-. Denoting closure or narrowness: a com¬ 
bining form. [< crrevof narrow, close.] sten-o- 
breg'mate, having the upper and fore part of the 
head narrow.— sten-o-car'di a = angina pecto¬ 
ris. — sten-o-ceph'a-ly, narrowness of the head; 
the condition of having a narrow head. fsten- 
o-ceph'a-lous.— sten-o-chas'mus, having an angle 
of from 74° to 94° at the punctum spines nasalis 
posterioris, formed by the intersection at that 
point of the lines from the punctum alae vomeris 
and the basion.— sten-o-cho'ri a, stenosis, espe¬ 
cially of the vagina.— sten*o-co-ri'a-sis, sten-o- 
co'ri a, narrowing of the pupil of the eye. 
i^Mysis. — sten’o-cro-ta'phi a, narrowness of the 
temporal region due to depth of the temporal 
fossa.— sten'o-dont, having narrow teeth.— sten*- 
o-myc-to'ri a, stenosis of the nasal duct.— sten- 
o-pae'ic, containing a narrow slit or opening, as 
5 . disk, an opaque disk having a narrow slit (S. 
slit) used for testing astigmatism: and 5 . specta¬ 
cles, spectacles fitted with oval plates of metal 
having small central apertures.— ste-no'sis, a 
contracted condition of a viscus, or vessel, as of 
the heart, or of the larger vessels near it. ts- 
Dittrich’s s. Some varieties are Aortic, Car¬ 
diac, Cicatricial, Granulation, Mitral, and Pyloric. 
fste-no'sal; ste-nosed; ste-not'ic.— sten-o-sto'- 
mi a, ste-nos'to-my, stenosis of the mouth or any 
aperture.—sten-o-ther'mal, capable of withstand¬ 
ing only a narrow range of temperature.— sten- 
o-tho'rax, a narrow chest, 
stemo-com-pres'sor. An instrument for closing the 
opening of Stenson’s duct in dental operations, 
sten'o-ste-no'sis. Constriction of Stenson’s duct. 
Ste'non’s, Sten'sen’s, Sten'son’s, Ste'no’s (ste-no'- 
ni an, sten'o-nine) canal. The anterior palatine 
canal. S.’s duct, i. The parotid duct, a small 
canal, about the size of a crow*quill and about 
6 cm. long, passing from the parotid gland and 
opening in the mouth, opposite the second upper 
molar tooth, discovered by Stenon; ductus stc- 
nonianus; ductus parotideus [S^cnowu]*. 2. One of 
the pair of lateral canals which open into the an¬ 
terior palatine fossa. S.’s foramen = foramen 
iNcisivuM*. [< N. Stenson (latinized Stenoni- 
a'nus), a Danish anatomist, 1638-1687.] 
sten-to-roph'o-nous. Having a loud voice. 

Stent’s mass. A compound employed in making 
surgical moulds and dental impressions. 



STEPHANION 


929 


STERNAL 


ste-pha'ni on. The point of intersection of the 
coronal suture and the temporal ridge. [Gr. dim. 
of (TTSipavog crown.] fste-pha'ni al, ste-phan'ic, 
as 5 . diameter, the superior frontal diameter of 
Broca: and S. = frontal index, def. t. 
Stephanu'rus denta'tus. = Scl^rostoma pin- 

GUICULA. 

step'lad-der stage. An early stage of enteric 
fever: so named because of the step*like form of 
the temperature=curve. 

step'page, step'ping. The peculiar high*stepping 
gait seen in ataxia and other nervous diseases, 
as multiple neuritis, Demarche de stepper. 
steppe disease. = Rinderpest. 
sterbe disease. A disease of horses in South Africa. 
A serum prepared from animals affected with it 
is said to be valuable in malarial poisoning, 
ster-co-bil'in. The coloring matter of the faeces, 
produced from bilespigment; hydrobilirubin, 
ster-co-ra'ce ous, ster'co-ral. Resembling, pertain¬ 
ing to, or containing faeces. S. abscess = fecal 
ABSCESS. S. fistula = FECAL FISTULA. S. tumor, 
a tumor formed by collected faeces. S. ulcer, an 
intestinal ulcer caused by pressure of hardened 
masses of faeces. S. vomiting, fecal vomiting, 
ster-co-rae'mi a. A toxic condition of the blood due 
to absorption of poisonous elements from faeces, 
ster'co-ral, ster'eo-ra-ry. Fecal, 
ster'eo-rin. A crystalline substance resembling 
cholesterin, obtained from faeces, 
ster'eo-rous . Fecal. 

ster'eus, pi. 5/cr'cora. Dung; excrement. S. ca'nis 
= ALBUM CANis. S. diab'oH, asafetida. [L.] 
stere. = Kilolitre. [< crrfpedf solid.] 

3ter'e-o-. Denoting or relating to solidity: a com¬ 
bining form. [< rrrepede solid.] ster’e-o-aes-thet'ic 
== STEREOGNOSTIC.— ster*e-osag-no'sis, inability 
to recognize objects by the sense of touch; tac¬ 
tile aphasia; astereognosis.— ster*e-o-blas'tu-la, a 
solid blastula.— ster*e-o-chem'is-try, a chemical 
theory assuming the atoms of certain molecules 
to be arranged in three dimensions; chemistry 
dealing with the space^relations of atoms. tst®r*e- 
o-chem'i-cal, as S. /orwM/a = glyptic formula: 
and 5 . isomerism, a variety of isomerism in which 
the atoms are the same and similarly connected 
but differently arranged in the molecule.— ster'e- 
o-cyst, a solid, encysted tumor.— ster*e-og-no'sis, 
the ability to recognize the form of objects by 
touch, tster'e-og-nos'tic, as 5 . sense, the sense by 
which form and solidity are perceived. ^ Sy¬ 
ringomyelia. — ster'e-o-gram, the picture made 
by a stereoscope.— ster'e-o-graph, an instrument 
for making outline drawings of the cranium, 
tster-e-og'ra-phy.— ster*e-o-graph'ic dermato- 
neurosis, factitious urticaria.— ster-e-om'e-try, 
the measurement of the volume of a hollow body, 
as the skull.— ster*e-o-mon'o-scope, a stereo¬ 
scope in which two images are thrown upon the 
same spot.— ster’e-o-phan'to-scope, a panoramic 
stereoscope in which rotating disks are substi¬ 
tuted for pictures.— ster*e-o-phor'o-scope, a form 
of zoetrope used in investigating visual percep¬ 
tion. — ster'e-o-plasm, the more solid part of 
protoplasm. fster-e-o-plas'mic. — ster*e-o-ra- 
di-og'ra-phy = stereoskiagraphy. — ster'e-o- 
scope, an apparatus by means of which the images 
of two pictures taken with separate lenses are 
placed upon the retina with the .same effect as 
if both eyes were looking at the object repre¬ 
sented in the photograph, fstefe-o-scop'ic, as 
S. microscope, a microscope with one objective 

69 


and two eyespieces, giving a stereoscopic view of 
the object: 5 . ra(itogra/>/iy = stereoskiagraphy; 
and 5 . vision, vision by which objects are seen 
to have their solid form and not to be mere 
flat pictures, and which enables the observer to 
judge of shape and distances; solid vision, fster- 
e-os'eo-py. — ster‘e-o-sen-sor'ic = stereognos¬ 
tic.— ster-e-o-ski-ag'ra-phy, making a pair of 
skiagrams of the part under examination, in 
such a way that by means of a stereoscope the 
observer obtains perfect perspective. — ster-e- 
ot'ics, lesions or wounds of the harder portions 
of the body.— ster'e-o-ty-py, ster-e-o-typ'i a, mor¬ 
bid persistence of a voluntary impulse when once 
started among the insane, 
ster'e-sol. A preparation of shellac, balsam of tolu, 
benzoin, oil of cinnamon, carbolic acid, and ah 
cohol: used in skin diseases and diphtheria, 
ster'i-form. A proprietary powder of sugar of milk 
and formaldehyde, 5%. S. chloride, a mixture 
of sugar of milk, 65% ; pepsin, 20% ; ammonium 
chloride, 10% ; and formaldehyde, 5%. S. iodide, 
a mixture constituted like S. chloride, except 
the ammonium iodide replaces the chloride, 
sto-rig'ma. ry Basidiomycetes. 
ster'ile. i. Affected with sterility; barren. 2 
Free from micro=organisms or spores; aseptic, 
ste-ril'i-ty. Inability, whether natural or as the 
result of disease, to procreate offspring. Facul¬ 
tative s., sterility from the prevention of concep¬ 
tion. Idiopathic s., azoospeimia. Relative s., 
sterility due to imperfection of the semen or of 
the ovum. [ < L. steril'itas, fr. ster'ilis barren.] 
sterdl-i-za'tion. The process of rendering an object 
sterile or free from micro=organisms or their 
germs, as milk by heating, Milk, sterilized ; 
disinfection; asepsis; pasteurization. Frac¬ 
tional or intermittent s., repeated heatings with 
intervals of time between: done to allow any un¬ 
destroyed spores to develop into adult micro* 
organisms, which are much more susceptible to 
heat, fster'i-lize. ster'il-i-zer, sterdl-i-za'tor, 
an apparatus for sterilizing objects, m- Auto¬ 
clave. 

ster'i-sol. A preparation of formaldehyde and sugar 
of milk: used as an antiseptic, 
ster'nad. Toward the sternum or sternal aspect, 
ster'nal. Belonging to the sternum. S. arteries, 
small branches from the internal mammary 
artery to the anterior and posterior surfaces of 
the sternum and the triangularis stemi. S. 
aspect, the aspect of the body on which the ster¬ 
num is. S. bend, the bend at the sternal end of 
the clavicle. S. end, the end of the clavicle next 
the sternum. S. foramen, an opening sometimes 
occurring between the third and fourth segments 
of the gladiolus, due to arrested development. 
S. glands, small lymphatic glands situated along 
the internal mammary blood*vessels ; lympho- 
glandulae sternales*. S. groove, the depression 
in the median line of the chest between the great 
pectoral muscles. S. ligaments, ligaments con¬ 
necting the two upper portions of the sternum. 
S. line, the middle vertical line of the sternum. 
S. nerves, descending branches of the cervical 
plexus, going to the sternal region. S. region, 
the region overlying the sternum. It is divided 
into a superior and an inferior sternal region by 
an imaginary line passing through the topmost 
points of the junctions of the third costal carti¬ 
lages with the sternum. S. rib, a rib that joins 
the sternum; a so*called true rib. [L. sterna'lis.'] 


STERNALGIA 


930 


STETHO- 


ster-nal'gi a. Pain in the sternum, fster-nal'gic. 

ster-na'lis. The rectus sternalis muscle of various 
animals: occasionally seen in man. 

Stern'barg’s disease. A tuberculous variety of pseu¬ 
doleukaemia. 

ster'ne-bra, pi. siernebroB. Any one of the segments 
or pieces constituting the sternum, fster'ne-bral. 

ster'nen. Relating to the sternum itself. 

ster'no-. Relating to the sternum or breastsbone: 
a combining form. [< crepvov breast^bone.] 
ster’nosab-dom-i-na'lis, the triangularis sterni 
and transversus abdominis regarded as one mus¬ 
cle.— ster*no-chon*dro-scap-u-la'ris, an occasional 
muscle arising from the sternum and the first 
costal cartilage and extending to the superior 
border of the scapula.— ster*no-cla-vic'u-lar, re¬ 
lating to the sternum and the clavicle, as 5. 
angle, the angle between the sternum and the 
clavicle, and 5. ligament, the ligament joining the 
sternum and the clavicle; ligamentum sterno¬ 
clavicular e*. There are two, the anterior and the 
posterior. — stefno-cla-vic-u-la'ris, an occasional 
muscle in man. The S. anti'cus arises from the 
sternum near the attachment of the stemomastoid, 
and is inserted upon the anterior surface of the 
clavicle. The S. posti'cus is a slip passing from 
the inner end of the manubrium to the clavicle 
behind the joint. The 5. supe'rior arises from 
the sternum above the stemoclavicularis anticus 
and runs to the clavicle.— ster-no-clei'dal = ster¬ 
noclavicular. — ster*no-clei*do-mas-toi'de us, a 
muscle arising by two origins, the sternal portion 
from the anterior surface of the manubrium and 
the clavicular portion from the sternal portion of 
the clavicle and inserted into the mastoid process 
of the temporal bone; mastoideus colli; nutator 
capitis; stemomastoid; M. sternocleidomastoi- 
deus*. It turns the head to one side and flexes 
laterally the head on the neck.— ster-no-cos'tal, 
relating to the sternum and the ribs.— ster*no- 
cos-ta'lis, a thin, fansshaped muscle behind the 
sternum and the costal cartilages, arising from 
the lower part of the sternum; triangularis 
stemi; M. transversus thoracis*. — ster-no-d5rm'i a, 
somatodymia with the union at the sternum, 
tster-nod'y-mus.—ster-no-dyn'i a = sternalgia. 
— ster-no-fa'ci al, relating to the sternum and 
the face.— ster-no-glos'sal, relating to the ster¬ 
num and the tongue. — ster-no-hy'oid, relat¬ 
ing to the sternum and the hyoid bone, as 5. 
muscle = STERNOHYOiDEus. — ster*no-hy-oi'de us, 
a muscle arising from the sternum and inserted 
into the os hyoides; M. sternohyoideus*. It de¬ 
presses the larynx, and furnishes a fixed point 
for the depressors of the jaw.— ster'noid, re¬ 
sembling the sternum.— ster-no-mas'toid, relat¬ 
ing to the sternum and the mastoid process of the 
temporal bone, as S. arteries, arteries supplying 
the stemomastoid muscle; the superior, a branch 
from the occipital artery, the middle, a branch 
from the superior thyroid, and the inferior, a 
branch from the suprascapular. 5. line, a line 
from the mastoid process to a point midway be¬ 
tween the two heads of a sternocleidomastoid 
muscle: and 5. muscle, i. =Sternocleidomas- 
TOiDEUS. 2 . A portion of the sternocleidomas- 
toideus arising from the sternum.— ster'non= 
STERNUM*. — ster*nosom-pha-lo-d 5 rm'i a, somato¬ 
dymia with union both in the sternal and umbili¬ 
cal regions.— ster-nop'a-gus, a twin monstrosity 
united at the sternum, fster-no-pa'gi a. — ster*- 
no-per-i-car'dial, relating to or connecting the 


sternum and the pericardium, as S. bands oi 
ligaments, two ligamentous bands extending from 
the ensiform process of the sternum to the peri¬ 
cardium; ligamenta sternopericardiaca*. — ster- 
no-scap'u-lar muscle, a muscle extending from 
the sternum to the scapula.— stermo-scap-u-la'- 
ris, the sternoscapular muscle.— ster-no-thy'roid, 
relating to or connecting the sternum and the 
thyroid cartilage, as S. = sternothvroi- 

DEUS. — ster-no-thy-roi'de US, a muscle arising 
from the sternum and inserted into the thyroid 
cartilage; M . sternothyreoideus* . It draws the 
larynx downward.— ster-no-tra'che al, relating 
to the sternum and trachea.— stermo-try-pe'- 
sis, perforation of the sternum.— ster-no-ver'te- 
bral rib, a rib connected with both vertebrae 
and sternum: a so*called true rib.— ster-no-xi'- 
phoid ligaments, ligamentous bands connecting 
the sternum with the xiphoid cartilage, 
ster'num*. The oblong, flat bone at the fore part 
of the thorax; the breast=bone: made up of the 
manubrium or presternum {manubrium sterni*), 
the gladiolus or mucro or mesosternum {corpus 
sterni*), and the ensiform or xiphoid cartilage or 
appendix or metastemum {processus xiphoides*). 
ster-nu-ta'tio. A sneeze; a convulsive respiratory 
spasm. S. convulsi'va, a nervous paroxysm of 
repeated sneezing. [L.] 

ster-nu-ta'tion. The act of sneezing. [< L. 
sternuta'tio, fr. sternuta're to sneeze frequently.] 
fster-nu'ta-to-ry. i. Causing to sneeze. 2. A 
remedy having that effect, as snuff; an errhine. 
ster'tor. The loud, grating sound produced in the 
larynx by the flapping of the vocal cords when 
released, by accumulation of mucus in the air* 
passages or otherwise: seen in apoplexy, poison¬ 
ing by opium and alcohol, etc. Change of posi¬ 
tion or rhythmical motions of the tongue may 
cause it to cease. The term is also applied to 
the snoring in natural sleep caused by relaxation 
of the velum palati. ^Stridor; wheezing. 
tster'to-rous, as 5. respiration = stertor. 
stet or stent. Let it or them stand: abbr. st. [L.] 
ste-thas'mi a. Congestion of the lungs, 
steth-ar-te-ri'tis. Inflammation of the arteries of 
the thorax. [< chest -t- arteritis.] 

steth'o-. Relating to the chest: a combining form. 
[< chest.] steth-o-cyr'to-graph = sTETHO- 



KYRTOGRAPH. — steth’o-go-ni-om'e-tcr, an appa 
ratus for measuring the curvature of the chest. 
— steth'o-graph, an instrument for recording the 
movements of the chest, fsteth-o-graph'ic. ste- 
thog'ra-phy. — steth-o-kyr'to-graph, an instru¬ 
ment for measuring and recording the dimensions 
of the chest.— steth-o-me'ni a, vicarious menstru¬ 
ation into the bronchial tubes.— ste-thom'e-ter, 
an instrument for measuring the expansion of 
the chest. (See illustration, next page.) is- Cyr- 
TOMETER. tste-thom'e-try.— steth*o-my-i'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the chest muscles.— ste-thon'o- 
scope, an apparatus for auscultation: it may be 
attached to a binaural stethoscope.— steth‘o-pa- 



































































STETHOSCOPE 


STILLICIDIUM 


931 



Stethometer of Quain. 


ral'y-sis, paralysis of the muscles of the chest. 
—steth'o-pho-nom'e-ter, an instrument for re¬ 
cording the intensity of the soimd heard on 
auscultation.— 
steth-o-pol'y- 
scope, a stetho¬ 
scope adapted to 
use by several 
persons simulta¬ 
neously.— steth'- 
o-spasm, spasm 
of the chest mus¬ 
cles. 

steth'o-scope. A tu¬ 
bular instrument 
of various size, 
form and mate¬ 
rial, for transmit¬ 
ting to the ear of 
the observer the sounds created by the movements 
of the air in the lungs, the valves of the heart, 
the passage of the blood through the vessels, 
etc., of a patient. i^Phonendo- 
scopE. Binaural s., a stethoscope 
with two tubes, designed one for 
each ear. Differential s., a stetho¬ 
scope by which sounds at two dif¬ 
ferent portions of the body may be 
compared. Monaural s., a stetho¬ 
scope for one ear: usually rigid, and 
enabling one to perceive resistance 
as well as sounds: much used in Con¬ 
tinental Europe, fsteth-o-scop'ic, 
as 5 . probe, a probe with a stetho¬ 
scope attached to the observer’s 
end. ste-thos'co-pist. ste-thos'co-py. 

Ste've-nin’s test. The use of a glycerin 
extract of the petals of the violet or 
mallow in testing for acids (which 
turn it red) or alkalies (green). 

Ste'ven-son’s test. A delicate test for 
haemoglobin in the urine, made by 
adding i drop of tincture of guaiac 
and a few drops of ozonic ether to 
I drop of urine, shaking and allow¬ 
ing to settle, when the ozonic ether 
will show a blue color. 

Ste'vens’s mixture. A mixture of 20 grains of so¬ 
dium chloride, 7 grains of potassium chlorate, 
and 30 grains of sodium carbonate, in 12 flui- 
drachms of water: given in malignant cholera. 

sthe'nia. Exaltation of organic action; strength. 

sthen'ic. i. Strong; active; robust. 2. Character¬ 
ized by morbid over^action of the vital processes 
(especially heart»action and nervous irritability). 
^Adynamic, asthenic. S. diseases, diseases 
which are accompanied by sthenic symptoms. 
S. fever, fever characterized by quick, strong 
pulse and very high temperature. S. theory, the 
theory of treatment by stimulation, 

sthe-nom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring mus¬ 
cular strength, fsthe-nom'e-try. 

sthen-o-py'ra. Sthenic fever. 

stib'ium. The ancient name for antimony: 55^1- 
bol, Sb. [< L. fr. GTi(iL or GTiixfii.] ^ fstib'a-mine 
= hydrogen antimonide. stib-i-ac'ne, acne 
caused by antimony, stib'ial, relating to anti¬ 
mony. stib'i-al-ism, the toxic effects and symp¬ 
toms produced by an overdose of, or by excessive 
use of, antimony, stib'iated, containing antimony, 
stib-i-a'tion, treatment by large quantities of 
antimony and bringing the patient under their 


Binaural 

Stetho¬ 

scope. 


influence, stib'ine, sti-bo'ni a = hydrogen anti¬ 
monide. sti-bo'ni um, the radical SbH^. 
stib'o-gram. A record of footsteps, 
stich'o-chrome. Nissl’s term for a somatochrome 
nerve=cell in which the chromophilic bodies are 
placed in more or less regular layers or striae, 
stick cul'ture. = Stab culture. 
stick'er’s disease. = Erythema infectiosum. 
sticking plaster. Adhesive or resin plaster; court 
plaster; emplastrum adh.esivum*. 

Stic'ta. A genus of lichens or a homoeopathic prep¬ 
aration from 5 . pulmona'ria or lungwort, 
stic-tac'ne. Acne punctata. 

stiff. I. Not easily bent; unyielding. S.sjoint, 
synostosis; osseous ankylosis. S.=neck = torti¬ 
collis. S.sneck fever, epidemic cerebrospinal 
meningitis. 2. A body for dissection (slang) 
fstiff'ness. 

sti'fie=bone. The patella of a horse, 
sti'flesjoint. The femorotibial joint of a horse, 
stig'ma, pi. stig'mata. i. A punctiform spot, often 
red, upon the skin, especially, a spot of bleeding 
points on the skin of hysterical persons. 2. Any 
one of the characteristic marks or signs of a state 
or condition. 3. Any one of the deeply stained 
areas seen in stained epithelium at the points of 
union of several cells, by some regarded as 
stomata filled with stained albuminous sub¬ 
stance, by others as protruding processes of 
stained connective^tissue cells; a smaller opening 
in the intercementular substance of the walls of 
the blood-vessels than a stoma; pseudostoma. 
4. A naevus, or birth-mark. 5. That part of the 
pistil of a flower which receives the pollen. 

Bakers’ s.; Cohn’s s.; degeneracy, stig¬ 
mata of; Giuffrida-Rugiera’s s.; hysterical 
s.; psychic s. ; somatic s. S. of the graafian 
follicle, the point on the surface of an ovary 
where a ripe graafian follicle ruptures. Stig'mata 
malpi'ghii, small venous openings along the course 
of the large veins of the spleen. Stig'mata ma'- 
ydis = CORN-SILK. Stig'mata ovario'rum, the 
corpora albicantia fs- Corpus luteum*. fstig'- 
mal; stig-mat'ic. 
stig'ma-tism. =Emmetropia. 
stig*ma-ti-za'tion. The formation of stigmata, 
stig'ma-to-der'mi a. A morbid condition of the 
prickle-layer of the skin. 

stil'bene. A crystalline substance, Ci4Hj2, formed 
by passing toluene over heated lead oxide; di- 
phenylethylene; toluylene. 

Stiles’s test. A test for carcinomatous tissue, made 
by washing for ten minutes in a 5% solution of 
nitric acid and then in cold water for five 
minutes. Carcinomatous tissue will be dull- 
white; normal tissue, translucent, 
stilette (sU'-kt'), sty'let. i. A small, sharp-pointed 
instrument enclosed in a cannula, or sheath. 2. 
A wire kept in the flexible catheter, to give it 
firmness and a proper degree of curvature, 
stil-la'tim. By drops or in small quantities, 
still'birth. The birth of a dead child, fstill^born. 
Stil'ler’s sign. Exceptional mobility of the tenth 
rib in enteroptosis and neurasthenia, 
stil-li-cid'ium. A dropping or trickling down; a 
flowing drop by drop: applied especially to the 
urine in stricture, strangury, etc. (S. uri'nae). S. 
lacrima'rum, overflow of tears due to obstruc¬ 
tion of the nasal duct or canaliculi; epiphora. S. 
na'rium, coryza. S. san'guinis, a trickling ex¬ 
travasation of blood, usually in the form of nose¬ 
bleed. Epistaxis. 





STILLINGIA 


932 


STOKES’S DISEASE 


fitil-lin'gi a*. The dried root of 5 . sylvat'ica, a 
euphorbiaceous indigenous plant, also known as 
Queen’s delight or root: alterative and emeto- 
cathartic. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). ^Fluidex- 
TRACTUM STiLLiNGi^*. From it are obtained 
stil-lin'gin, a precipitate from an alcoholic tinc¬ 
ture, and stil-lin'gine, an alkaloid. 

Stirling’s bundle. = Solitary fasciculus. S.’s 
canal = hyaloid canal. S.’s diffused nuclei pyra- 
midales, nuclei on the inner side of the anterior 
pyramids of the medulla, connected with the 
fibres of the stratum zonale. S.’s gelatinous sub¬ 
stance, the gelatinous substance which surrounds 
the central canal of the spinal cord. S. s isochro- 
matic plates, isochromatic. S.’s nucleus = 
TEGMENTAL NUCLEUS. S.’s Sacral UUCleUS = SA¬ 
CRAL NUCLEUS. S.’s solitary bundle =solitary 
FASCICULUS. 

still layer of Poiseuille. A very thin layer (or 
stratum) of liquid in contact wdth the walls of 
a small blood*vessel in which the white corpus¬ 
cles of the blood seem to be retarded, and free 
from red corpuscles, Poiseuille’s space. 

StilFman’s operation. An operation for hemorrhoids 
done by reducing each mass by manipulation, 
and inserting a pile bougie. 

Still’s disease. A form of infective polyarthritis 
deformans in which the spleen and lymph^nodules 
are enlarged: seen in children during the second 
dentition and possibly due to tubercle bacilli. 

sti'lus. = Stylus. 

stim'u-lant. i. Stimulating. 2. A medicine hav¬ 
ing power to excite organic action or to increase 
the vital activity of an organ. A stimulant dif¬ 
fers from atonic in that its action is more speedy, 
more transitory, and usually followed by a re¬ 
action. Alcoholic s., alcohol in any form used 
as a stimulant. S. balsam, oil of turpentine, 
8 parts, and flour of mustard, i part. Bronchial 
s., a stimulant expectorant. Cardiac s., a hearts 
stimulant, such as ammonia, belladonna, digita¬ 
lis, ether, strophanthus, and strychnine. Cerebral 
s., a brain stimulant such as alcohol, caffeine, 
ether, opium, phosphorus, and strychnine. Cu¬ 
taneous s., a diaphoretic. S. diaphoretic, is- dia¬ 
phoretic. Diffusible s., a stimulant with a 
prompt but transient action. S. diuretic, a diu¬ 
retic which acts by stimulating the secreting 
power of the kidneys. S. expectorant, an expec¬ 
torant which expels an alreadysformed secretion 
from the air*passages. Gastric s., a stomach 
stimulant, such as alcohol and the pungent aro¬ 
matics. General s., a stimulant affecting the 
whole body, as alcohol. Genital s., an aphro¬ 
disiac. Hepatic s,, a cholagogue. Intestinal s., 
a drastic cathartic. Local s., a stimulant which 
acts immediately on the end=organs of the sen¬ 
sory nerves of the skin. Nervous s., a stimulant 
to the nervous system, including cerebral and 
spinal stimulants. Renal s., a stimulating diu¬ 
retic. Respiratory s., a medicine which stimulates 
respiration, such as ammonia, arsenic, belladonna, 
and strychnine. Spinal ss. include caffeine and 
strychnine. Stomachic s.= gastric s. Topical 
s., local s. S. treatment, treatment of disease 
by stimulation. Vascular or Vasomotor s., a 
medicine which stimulates the vasomotor centre 
and raises the blood^pressure, such as ammonia, 
belladonna, ergot, opium, and strychnine. Uter¬ 
ine s., an emmenagogue or ecbolic. 

stim-u-la'tion. The action of stimulants, or the act 
of stimulating. S. cells, leucocytes (5 to 15// in 


diameter), containing a round basic nucleus and 
a nonsgranular protoplasm and found in conjunc¬ 
tion with the myelocytes and most other cells; 
German, Reizungsformen. •fstim'u-late, to excite 
the organic action of a part; to excite, stim'u- 
lat-ing, as 5 . bath, a bath containing astringent 
and tonic ingredients, stim'u-la-tor. 
stim'u-lin. Metchnikoff’s name for a hypothetical 
substance probably the same as opsonin. 
stim’u-lism. The doctrine and practice of treating 
disease by stimulation. 

stim'u-lus, pi. stim'uli. A Latin word signifying a 
“goad,” “sting,” or “whip.” In physiology, 
that which rouses or excites the vital energies, 
whether of the whole system or of a part. 
Varieties are Adequate, Chemic, Electric, 
Heterologous, Homologous (= adequate). 
Mechanical, Subliminal, and Thermal. S. 
difference, the difference in strength between two 
stimuli. S. receptivity, the ability to appreciate 
stimuli. S. susceptibility, the power of perceiving 
a stimulus. S. threshold, the minimal stimulus 
producing a sensation, is" Threshold. [L.] 
stink'sbush. Illi'cium florid'anum. 
sti'pa. A genus of grasses, of which the species S. 
vasey'i or virid'ula (sleepy grass) of New Mexico 
causes stupor lasting several days in horses, 
sti'pate. Crowded; pressed together, 
stip'pled tongue. A tongue on which each papilla 
is covered with a whitish coating; also the bluish* 
black* or black*dotted tongue of pellagra, cr 
Dotted tongue. S.scell, an erythrocyte showing 
basophilic stip'pling. ts- Polychromatophilia. 
stir'pi-cul-ture. The breeding of special stocks ; the 
improvement of a stock or race by attention to 
the laws of breeding. 

stir'rup, stir'rupsbone. = Stapes. S.smuscle, the 

stapedius. 

stitch. I. An acute, sudden pain, like that caused 
by the thrusting in of a sharp needle; especially, 
a stitch in the side, as in pleurisy or pneumonia. 

Pleurodynia. 2. A surgical suture. S. ab¬ 
scess, an abscess forming around a stitch or 
suture; a suture abscess, 
stock'ing. Elastic stocking. 
stoe-chi-o-. = Stechio-. 

Stoerck’s blennorrhcea (stores). A variety of lar¬ 
yngitis sicca with adhesion of the vocal bands. 
StokessAdams’s disease or syndrome. A complex 
of symptoms consisting of a permanently slowed 
pulse (true bradycardia, hemisystole, and allor- 
rhythmia), nervous symptoms, vertigo, syncope, 
epileptiform attacks, etc., and secondary svmp- 
toms, as CheynesStokes’s breathing, cardiac 
asthma, angina pectoris, etc.; paroxysmal brady¬ 
cardia. There is pathological change in the auri- 
culosventricular bundle of His. ^ Heartsblock. 
Stokes’s disease. Exophthalmic goitre. S.’s expec¬ 
torant, a mixture containing in each 4 Cc. (i fl. 
dr.) about 0.06 Gm. (i gr.) ammonium carbo¬ 
nate, 0.12 Gm. (2 grs.) each of seneca and squill, 
and 0.6 Cc. (10 mins.) tincture of opium cam¬ 
phorated, in syrup of tolu; mistura pectoralis. 
S.’s law, the law that every muscle connected 
with an inflamed serous or mucous surface be¬ 
comes paralyzed. S.’s lens, a lens used in testing 
astigmatism. It consists of two cylindrical lenses, 
one concave, the other convex, capable of being 
moved over each other so as to vary the refractive 
effect to any desired extent. S.’s liniment = 
linimentum terebinthin^ aceticum. S.’s rea¬ 
gent, a reducing solution, consisting of a solution 


STOLIDITAS 


STOMATITIS 


m 



Stoma in Epi¬ 
dermis OF 
Leaf. 


of ferrous sulphate acidulated with acid and 
rendered alkaline by ammonia. S.’s sign, throb¬ 
bing to the right of the umbilicus, in enteritis. 

sto-lid'i-tas. Stolidity; stupidity. 

[L.] 

Stoltz’s operation (stoltz'iz). An ope¬ 
ration for cystocele, made by de¬ 
nuding a circular patch on the 
anterior vaginal wall, running a 
suture around the edge, and tying; 
purse*string operation; tobaccos 
pouch operation. 

sto'ma, pi. sto'mata. A mouth; a 
minute opening, particularly one 
of the openings between endothelial 
cells which establish communica¬ 
tion with the adjacent lymph* 
channels. [ < ard/na mouth.] 

sto-mac'a-ce. Any aggravated sto¬ 
matitis. 

stom^ach. The ovoid, musculomembranous bag be¬ 
tween the oesophagus and the duodenum in which 
food is stored and gastric digestion carried 
on; veniriculus*; gaster*. The functions of the 
stomach are: (i) to receive the food after 
mastication and deglutition; (2) to secrete the 
gastric juice, which can act upon the food after 
it has entered the stomach; (3) by means of its 
muscular movements to blend and incorporate 
the gastric juice with the food it has received; 
(4) to absorb such parts as are ready for absorp¬ 
tion. Its greatest length measures some 25 Cm. 
(10 ins.), the breadth is from 10 to 12 Cm. (4 to 
5 ins.), and the diameter from 7.5 to 10 Cm. 
(3 to 4 ins.); the average adult capacity is said 
to range from 600 to 2000 Cc. (i^ to 4^ pints). 
The end joining the oesophagus is the cardiac 
end (pars cardiaca*), that join¬ 
ing the duodenum the pylorus 
or pyloric end {antrum pylori- 
cum*) . The upper concave sur¬ 
face is the lesser curvature {cur- 
vatura ventriculi minor*), the 
lower convex surface the greater 
curvature {curvatura ventriculi 
major*). It consists of four 
coats,— the serous coat {tunica 
serosa*), or enveloping perito¬ 
neum ; the muscular coat {tunica 
muscularis*), made up of longi¬ 
tudinal, circular, and oblique 
fibres: the submucous coat {tela 
submucosa*), of connective tis¬ 
sue; and a lining mucous coat 
{tunica mucosa*). Between the 
mucous and submucous coats 
there is a layer of involuntary 
muscular fibres, called mnscu- 
laris mucosa. The entire mu¬ 
cous coat is filled with minute 
depressions, stomach=pits {foveo- 
lae gastricae*), in which the 
glands of the stomach {glandu- 
lae gastricae [propriae]* and 
glandulae pyloricae*) open. It 
is developed by a bulging of the posterior wall of 
the foregut and a depression of the anterior part. 
The movements of the stomach may be studied 
with the aid of the Rontgen rays and bismuth, rs- 
Corset s.; hour*glass s. S.sache, pain in the 
stomach or bowels. S.sbrush, a brush introduced 
into the stomach to stimulate its action. S.sbuck- 



Transverse Sec¬ 
tion OF THE 
Stomach Wall 
OF Cat. 


et, a bucketslike arrangement used to obtain sam¬ 
ples of the contents of the stomach. S.scells = 
S.spits. S.scough, a reflex cough caused by irri¬ 
tation of the stomach. S.sdrops = tinctura 
AMARA. S.sdacts = S.*PiTS. Pit of the s., PIT. 
S.spits, the openings of the gastric tubules in 
the mucous surface of the stomach; stomach* 
cells; stomachsducts; foveolae gastricae*. S.s 
plaster = SPICE plaster. S.spump, an instru¬ 
ment used to pump out the contents of the 
stomach, or to convey fluids into that organ 
when the patient is unable to swallow. S.sreef- 
ing, folding of the wall of the stomach and 
suturing of the fold: an operation for dilatation 
of the stomach. S. reflex, percussion of the first 
3 lumbar vertebrae or cutaneous irritation on 
Traube’s area causes contraction of the stomach. 
S.steeth, the lower canine teeth, more particularly 
the inferior deciduous. S.stube, a siphonstube, 
made usually of soft rubber with a rounded end, 
for washing out the stomach, to remove a poison, 
or to collect its contents for examination. S.s 
worm, As'caris lumbricoi'des. [< 
stom-a-chal'gi a. Pain in the stomach, 
sto-mach'ic, stom'a-chal. Belonging to the stom¬ 
ach; gastric; also applied to a medicine which 
strengthens the healthy action or increases the 
functional activity of the stomach. S. calculus, 
a bezoar. S. fever, gastric fever. S. stimulant, 
a medicine which stimulates the action of the 
stomach, as alcohol and the pungent aromatics. 
S. tincture, Tinctura amara. S. tonic, a 
medicine which increases the tone of the stom¬ 
ach, as acids, pepsin, and the vegetable bitters. 
S. vertigo, vertigo due to indigestion, 
stom-a-chos'co-py. Examination of the stomach, 
sto'ma-ta. The plural of stoma, fsto'ma-tal. 
sto-ma-tal'gi a. Pain in the mouth, 
sto'ma-tel-co'sis. Ulceration of the mouth, 
sto-mat'ic. Relating to the mouth, 
sto-ma-ti'tis. Inflammation of the mouth. 
Aphtha; cancrum oris; gingivitis; noma; sto- 
MATOMYCOSis; THRUSH. Aphthous s., inflamma¬ 
tion of the mucous membrane of the mouth, 
marked by the formation of small ulcers or 
aphthae. S. arsenica'lis, ulcerative stomatitis due 
to arsenical poisoning. S. catarrha'lis, simple in¬ 
flammatory redness of the mouth; superficial s.: 
common in infants. Corrosive s. = cancrum 
oris; noma. Epidemic or epizootic s. = foot* 
ANDsMOUTH DISEASE. S. exanthemat'ica, a form 
secondary to exanthema. Fetid s. = ulcerative 
s. Follicular s., aphthous s. Gangrenous s. = 
CANCRUM ORis; NOMA. S. herpet'ica, aphthous 
s. S. hyphomycet'ica = thrush. Maternal s., 
stomatitis of nursing women. S. membrana'cea, 
croupous or diphtheritic inflammation of the 
cavity of the mouth. S. mercuria'lis, stoma¬ 
titis due to mercurial poisoning. S. myceto- 
genet'ica, stomatitis due to fungoid micro*organ- 
isms. S. mycot'ica = thrush. Phlegmonous s. 
= ulcerative s. Saturnine s., stomatitis due to 
lead poisoning. Scorbutic s., stomatitis due to 
scurvy. Septic s., stomatitis due to septic in¬ 
fection. S. sim'plex, catarrhal stomatitis with¬ 
out exanthema. Superficial s. = S. catarrhalis. 
S. traumat'ica, stomatitis due to some mechani¬ 
cal, chemical, or thermal effect. S. ulcero'sa, 
idiopathica = STOMACACE. Ulcerative or ulcerous 
s., a variety in which small ulcers form upon the 
buccal mucous membrane: it may be epidemic. 
Vesicular s. = aphthous s. [< crdua mouth ] 


StOMATO- 


984 


STRABISMUS 


Sto^ma-to-. Relating to the mouth: a combining 
form. [< ard//a mouth.] sto-ma-toc'a-ce, ul¬ 

cerative stomatitis.— sto’ma-to-dae'um = sto- 
MOD^UM.— sto’ma-to-dyn'i a, pain in the mouth. 
— sto'ma-to-dy-so'di a, offensive or foul odor of 
the breath.— sto'ma-tosi-a'tri a, therapeutics of 
the diseases of the mouth.— sto'ma-tol, an anti¬ 
septic mouthswash, containing terpineol, soap, 
aromatics, glycerin, alcohol, and water.— sto-ma- 
tol'o-gy, that branch of medicine which treats 
of the mouth, tsto’ma-to-log'ic, sto‘ma-to-log'- 
i-cal; sto-ma-tol'o-gist. — sto’ma-to-ma-la'ci a, 
softening of the structures of the mouth.— sto'- 
ma-to-me'ni a, vicarious menstruation by the 
mouth.— sto-mat'o-my, the surgical incision of a 
mouth, as that of the uterus.— sto'ma-to-my- 
co'sis, disease of the mouth caused by a fungous 
growth, especially of Oi'dium al'bicans. — sto’ma- 
to-ne-cro'sis, m- stomacace; cancrum oris. — 
sto'ma-to-no'ma, noma of the mouth.— sto*ma- 
to-pan'us, swelling of the glands of the mouth.— 
sto-ma-top'a-thy, any disease of the mouth.— 
sto’ma-to-phy'ma, tumor of the mouth.— sto'- 
ma-to-plas-ty, plastic surgery of the mouth or of 
the os uteri, fsto’ma-to-plas'tic. — sto"ma-to-poi- 
e'sis = STOMATOPLASTY.— sto’ma-to-py'ra, aph¬ 
thous STOMATITIS. — sto'ma-tor-rha'gi a, hemor¬ 
rhage from the mouth. S. gingiva'rum, hem¬ 
orrhage from the gums. — sto’ma-tor-rhoe'a, 
discharge of fluid from the mouth. — sto'ma-to- 
scope, an instrument for holding open the mouth 
in order to facilitate examination. — sto*ma-to- 
sep'sis, septic stomatitis. — sto-ma-to'sis, any 
disease of the mouth.— sto'ma-to-spas'mus = 
LOCKED JAW. — sto‘ma-to-syr'inx, the eustachian 
tube.— sto‘ma-to-ty'phus, typhus fever in which 
lesions of the mouth are prominent symptoms. 
sto*men-or-rha'gi a. Hemorrhage from the mouth, 
sto-mo-ceph'a-lus, sto-men-ceph'a-lus. A monster 
with rudimentary jaws. 

sto-mo-dae'um. An invagination of the ectoderm 
of the embryo, which develops into the anterior 
part of the oral cavity; oral sinus or recess; sto- 
matodaeum; primitive mouth, fsto-mo-de'al. 
sto'mo-san. Methylamine phosphate. 
Stomox'ys cal'citrans. A biting fly, resembling the 
domestic fly, but provided with a homy probos¬ 
cis; stablesfly; leg=sticker. It is troublesome to 
man and beast, particularly in warm, sultry 
weather. j^Mal de caderas. 

-stomy. The operation of making an artificial 
opening, as in enterostomy, f-stome. 
stone. A hardened mass of mineral matter; a con¬ 
cretion; calculus; lapis. i^Litho-. S.binder 
= OSTEOCOLLA. S.sblind, complete and hopeless 
blindness. Bluess., copper sulphate. S. bruise, a 



bruise produced by a stone; a painful bruise of 
subcutaneous parts without breaking the skin. 
S. cancer = scirrhous cancer. S.schild = li- 
THOP^DioN. S.scrop = Sedum. S.scutters’ phth¬ 
isis, pulmonary disease in stone-cutters caused^ by 
inhaling fine particles of stone. GalUs., biliary 
calculus. S. in the bladder = urinary calculus. 
S.smasons’ lung = silicosis. S.smasons’ neuro¬ 
sis, loss of control over the muscles of the hand, 
sometimes seen in stone-masons. S. mole, a fleshy 
mole which has undergone calcareous degenera¬ 


tion. S.spock, acne. S. pox = variola vaccika 
atrophica. S.ssearcher, a probe for exploring 
the bladder for calculi, fsto'ny, as 5 . polypus, a 
polypus which has undergone calcareous change, 
stool. The faeces discharged from the bowels; a 
dejection; an evacuation. The amount of the 
stool is about ^ of the ingested food. The color 
is due to STERCOBiLiN and the odor to skatol. 

Constipation; diarrhoea; f.a:ces; intes¬ 
tinal SAND. Varieties are Caddy, Fatty, Pea- 
soup, and Rice-water. 

stop. I. An annular diaphragm with an opaque 
centre. 2. = Diaphragm, def. 3. 
stop'per dropper. A bottle-stopper provided with a 
dropping pipette. 

stop'ping needle or stop'sneedle. A needle made 
with a collar to limit the depth of penetration, 
stor'age albumin. = Circulating albumin. S. 

battery = accumulator. 

Sto'rax. =Styrax*. 

Sto'rer’s method. A method by which the rectal 
mucous membrane is exposed for inspection by 
pressure with the finger in the vagina, 
sto-res'in. A compound, C3gH55(OH)3, the chief 
constituent of storax. 
sto-res'i-nol. A resinol from storax. 
stork’s'sbill. Ero'dium cicuta'rium and Gera'ntunt 
macula' turn. 

Stough'ton’s elixir. A tincture made of 25 parts 
each of rhubarb, gentian, wormwood, germander, 
and bitter orange peel, 5 parts each of aloes and 
cascarilla, and alcohol, q. s. 
stout'ness. Obesity; polysarcia. 
stovaine (sto'va-in). The trade name of a synthetic 
local anaesthetic in action similar to cocaine, 
except that it dilates the blood-vessels; ben- 
zoyldimethylaminopentanol hydrochloride; CgHj- 
COOC(CH3)(C2Hg)CH,N(CH3),HCl. Dose, 0.002 
Gm. gr.); hypodermically in a 0.75 to 1% 
solution. i^JoNNEsco’s METHOD. [< Stove, be¬ 
cause first synthesized by Foumeau.j 
Stow'ing’s curve of the pulse. The curve formed by 
plotting as ordinates the volumes of blood driven 
by the pulse against the pressures of a pneumatic 
manchette shown as abscissae, 
stra-bis'mic, stra-bis'mal. Relating to or affected 
with strabismus. S. deviation, the deviation of 
the eye in strabismus. It is primary when the 
squinting eye is deviated and the sound eye fixed; 
secondary when the sound eye is deviated, the 
squinting eye being fixed. [< OTpa^iafid^ squint.] 
strab-is-mom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring 
strabismus, fstrab-is-morn'e-try. 
stra-bis'mus. Squinting; an affection of the eyes 
due to a deviation of one of the eyes, so that its 
axis of vision does not pass through the fixation- 
point. It is caused by greater tension of one of 
the external ocular muscles than its associated 
muscle in the other eye. Absolute s., strabismus 
occurring no matter what the distance of the 
object looked at may be. Accommodative s., 
strabismus due to excessive effort at accommoda¬ 
tion in hypermetropia or deficient effort in myo¬ 
pia. Alternating s., strabismus affecting either 
eye alternately. Bilateral s., strabismus affect¬ 
ing both eyes alternately. Concomitant s., stra¬ 
bismus in which one eye accompanies the other 
in its movements, so that the deviation remains 
the same for all positions: due to faulty insertion 
of the muscles. Constant s., strabismus existing 
continuously. Convergent s., strabismus in which 
the eyeball is turned inward, causing convergence 








STRABOMETER 


935 


STRATUM 


of the visual axes; internal s. S. deor'sum ver'- 
gens or Downward s., strabismus with downward 
turning of the eyeball. Divergent or external s., 
strabismus with the eyeball turned outward, 
causing divergence of the visual axes. Dynamic 
s- = dynamic squint. Intermittent s., strabis¬ 
mus occurring only at intervals. Internal s. = 
CONVERGENT S. Latent S.= DYNAMIC SQUINT. 
Manifest s., strabismus occurring when both eyes 
are open. Mechanical s., strabismus produced 
by traction or pressure upon the eye, as by a 
tumor. Monocular s., unilateral s. Paralytic s., 
strabismus due to paralysis of one of the ocu¬ 
lar muscles. Periodic s., strabismus which occurs 
only in accommodation. Relative s., strabismus 
occurring only when the object looked at is at 
certain distances. S. scissors, scissors for divid¬ 
ing muscles whose contraction causes strabis¬ 
mus. Spasmodic s., strabismus due to spasm of 
one of the ocular muscles. S. sur'sum ver'gens, 
strabismus with turning upward of the eyeball *, 
upward or vertical strabismus. Unilateral s., 
strabismus affecting only one eye. Upward or 
vertical s. = S. sursum vergens. 

stra-bom'e-ter. = Strabismometer. fstra-bom'- 
e-try. 

strab-o-scop'ic disk. An instrument used in exami¬ 
nation of the eye to produce visual distortion. 

stra-bot'o-my. The operation of dividing an ocular 
tendon for the relief of strabismus, fstrab'o-tome. 

straddling disease. A disease of horses and pigs 
in the island of Marajo, Brazil, said to be similar 
to beriberi; hip pestilence; quebrabunda. 

straight arterioles. =Arteri^ rect^. S. con¬ 
volution, a convolution on the frontal lobe of the 
brain between the olfactory fissure and the edge 
of the great longitudinal fissure; gyrus rectus*. 
It is continuous in front with the superior frontal 
convolution. S. fissure or sulcus = Olfactory 
FISSURE. S. intestine, the rectum. S.sjacket = 
STRAITsJACKET. S. mUSCleS, ( S - RECTUS. S.spin 
teeth, artificial teeth with the pins arranged 
parallel with the long axes of the teeth. S. sinus, 
the dural sinus lying along the junction of the 
falx cerebri with the tentorium cerebri and 
formed by the union of the great veins of Galen 
and the inferior longitudinal sinus; sinus tentorii; 
sinus obliquus; sinus perpendicularis; sinus rec¬ 
tus*. S. tubes = DUCTUS recti. S. tubules = 

TUBULI RECTI. 

strain, i. To separate by 
filtration a liquid from 
undissolved solids con¬ 
tained in it. 2. To over* 
exert; to injure by 
oversuse. 3. To draw 
tense or tight. 4. Any 
special variety of bac¬ 
teria. Eyess., fs- eye* 

STRAIN, fstrain'er, an 
apparatus foi>straining 
liquids. strain'ing, a 
manipulation in mas¬ 
sage. 

strait. A narrow path, as 
S. of the pelvis, either 
opening of the true 
pelvis, distinguished as 
superior and inferior. 

strait'cjacket, strait'swaistcoat. An apparatus for 
restraining the limbs of the violently insane. 

stra-mo'ni i fo'li a, stra-mo'ni i se'men. The 1890 



U. S. P. names for stramonium* and its seeds, 
stra-mo'ni um*. i. The dried leaves of Daiu'ra 
stramo'nium, yielding when assayed according 
to the U. S. P. process not less than 0.35% of 
mydriotic alkaloids, containing chiefly atropine 
(daturine). They are narcotic, and are used, like 
belladonna, for spasms, hemorrhoids, muscular 
rheumatism, etc. Dose, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.). ts- 
Fluidextractum stramonii*; tinctura stra- 
MONii*. 2. The solanaceous plant Datu'ra stra¬ 
mo'nium, of Europe and America; Jamestown 
weed; Jimson weed; thorn apple, 
stran’gal-aes-the'si a. A morbid sensation as of the 
binding of a part; zon^esthesia. 
stran'ga-lis. An indurated spot. [< CTpayyaX'ig.] 
stran'gers’ cold. A form of influenza occurring in 


the Hebrides; Saint Kilda cold. 
SEASONING FEVER. 


S.’s fever = 


stran'gles. A streptococcic infectious catarrh of the 
upper air*passages of the horse and mule, 
stran-gu-la'tion. The state of choking; the ultimate 
results of constriction or pressure on a part. In 
law, an act of violence whereby constriction is 
applied to the neck (air*passages and blood* 
vessels) by some other means than the weight of 
the victim’s body, cs- Hanging; throttling. 
fstran'g^u-lated, as 5 . hernia, ^ hernia. 
stran'gu-ry. A painful difficulty in passing urine: due 
to spasm of the muscles of the bladder and urethra, 
as in tenesmus vesicae and in certain cases of 
cystitis, fstran-gu'ri ous. 
strap. I. A band of adhesive plaster or other 
material for fastening parts together. 2. To 
apply such bands, fstrap'ping, dressing of wounds, 
etc., with adhesive straps or plaster in order 
to produce pressure or approximation. 

Strasburg turpentine. A turpentine resembling 
Canada balsam, from A'bies pectina'ta, of Europe. 
Strassburg’s test (stras-bfirgz). A test for bile acids 
in the urine, made by dipping filter*paper into 
the urine to which cane sugar has been added, 
drying it, and applying a drop of sulphuric acid, 
which will produce, a violet color. 

Strassburger’s celbplate (stras'burg-erz). The equa¬ 
torial plate in karyokinesis. 
strat*i-fi-ca'tion. Arrangement in layers, 
strat'i-fied, strat'i-form. Arranged in layers. S. 
cartilage, ordinary fibrocartilage. S. epithelium, 
epithelium composed of 
several distinct layers of 
cells, arranged one above 
the other. S. fibrocarti¬ 
lage, a layer of fibrocar¬ 
tilage, as that lining a 
groove in a bone through 
which a tendon passes. 

S. squamous epithelium, 

^SQUAMOUS EPITHELI¬ 
UM. S . thrombus, a 
thrombus made up of 
layers of different colors, 
stra'tum*, pi. stra'ta. A bed 
or layer of matter, a cov¬ 
ering. A stratum may 
consist of many layers. 

S. albocine'reum, either of 
two layers (distinguished 
as inferius and superius) 
of gray and white matter 
within the corpus quadrigeminum. S. of Arlt = 
S. RETicuLATUM. S. bacilla'tum or bacillo'sum, 
the bacillary layer of the retina; the layer of rods 



Stratified Ciliated 
Columnar Epitheli¬ 
um from Trachea of 
Child.— i. Ciliated 
border. 2. Goblet- 
cells. X 550. (Pier- 
sol.) 
















STRAUS’S SIGN 


936 


STREPTOCOCCUS 


and cones. S. bowman'i, the anterior clastic lami¬ 
na of the cornea. S. calcari'num, that area of the 
cerebral cortex which unites the lips of the calca¬ 
rine fissure. S. cine'reum*. i. The second layer 
of the corpus quadrigeminum. 2. =Claustrum. 
S. compac'tum*, the superficial layer of the de¬ 
cidua basalis. S. cor'neum*, the outer layer of 
the epidermis; homy layer. S. cor'neum un'guis*, 
horny layer of nail. S. cylindro'rum = S. bacil- 
LATUM. S. dorsa'le, one of the layers represent¬ 
ing the prolongation of the tegmentum beneath 
the posterior part of the optic thalamus. S. 
ganglio'sum*, a narrow layer of ganglionscells 
(Purkinje’s cells) in the cerebellar cortex between 
the stratum cinereum* and the stratum granulo- 
sum*. S. gelatino'sum, one of the four layers of 
the olfactory bulb, consisting of ganglionscells in 
a network of white nervesfibres. S. germinati'- 
vum [Malpi'ghii]* = RETE MUCosuM. S. germina- 
ti'vum un'guis*, germinativ^e layer of na.il. S. 
glomerulo'sum, the layer of olfactory glomeruli- 
Olfactory glomerulus. S. granulo'sum*. 
I =Membrana granulosa, def. i. 2. A layer 
of pyramidal cells of the olfactory lobe of the 
brain. 3. A layer of the epidermis between the 
stratum lucidum and the rete mucosum. 4. 
Either of the granular layers of the retina. 5. 
A layer of the cerebellar cortex. S. gri'seum 
centra'le*, the central gray layer of tegmentum, 
as of sections of cerebral peduncle. S. gri'seum 
collic'uli superio'ris*, the gray layer of the superior 
colliculus, as of sections of quadrigeminal bodies. 
S. interme'dium, the bundles of nerve^fibres 
within the cerebral crus lying near the substantia 
nigra. S. interoliv'are lemnis'ci*, the interolivary 
layer of lemniscus, as of transverse sections of 
medulla oblongata. S. lacuno'sum, a layer of 
the hippocampus major above the stratum 
radiatum, consisting of reticulated neuroglia. S. 
lemnis'ci, the deepest layer of the stratum alboci- 
nereum of the corpus quadrigeminum. S. lu'- 
cidum, “ shining layer,” a layer of the epidermis 
between the rete mucosum and the cuticle. S. 
malpi'ghii = rete mucosum. S. molecula're, the 
molecular layer of the cerebral cortex. S. muco'- 
sum = RETE MUCOSUM. S. netvo'sum, Bowman’s 
membrane. S. nigrum = substantia nigra*. 
S. of Oehl, the stratum lucidum of the epidermis. 
S. olfactorium, one of the four layers of the 
olfactory lobe. S. op'ticum, a layer of nerve* 
fibres in the corpus quadrigeminum between the 
stratum cinereum and the stratum lemnisci; 
stratum albocinereum superius. S. pigmen'ti*, 
layer of pigment. S. pigmen'ti cor'poris cilia'- 
ris*, pigment layer of ciliary body. S. pigmen'ti 
ir'idis*, pigment layer of iris. S. pigmen'ti ret'- 
inae*, pigment layer of the retina. S. radia'tum, 
a layer of the hippocampus major, crossed at 
right angles to its surfaces by the processes of 
large pyramidal cells which lie along its border. 
S. reticula'tum, a network of fibres connecting 
the occipital lobe and the thalamus. S. spino'- 
sum = RETE MUCOSUM. S. spongio'sum, the 
deep layer of the decidua basalis. S. zona'le*, a 
stratum of white nervesfibres covering the ven¬ 
tricular surface of the optic thalamus; zonal 
layer. 

Straus’s sign. Marked retardation of perspiration 
on the affected side after a hypodermic injection 
of pilocarpine: in severe peripheral paralysis but 
not from central facial paralysis. 

Strauss’s reaction. A reaction for glanders. S.’s 


sign, increase of fat in chylous ascites after the 
administration of fatty food, 
straw itch, ts- Pediculoides ventricosus. 
straw'ber-ry bush. A popular name for Euon'ymus 
america'nus. S. mark, a reddish, vascular naevus. 
S. piles, vascular hemorrhoids, presenting a gran¬ 
ular appearance. S. tongue, a tongue on which 
the fungiform papillae are enlarged and red, as in 
scarlet fever. S. tree = Arbutus unedo. 
streak. A line, furrow, or groove. Varieties are 
Medullary (= medullary groove), MeningitiO, 
Primitive or germinal. S. culture, a bacteriolog¬ 
ical culture made by stroking the medium. 
Stre'bel’s lamp. A lamp which generates blue, vio¬ 
let, and ultramarine rays: so constructed as to 
send them into the urethra, uterus, etc. 
Streck'er’s test. A test for xanthine made by evap¬ 
orating to dryness with nitric acid, when a yellow 
residue will be formed. This residue will be 
turned reddishsyellow on the addition of sodium 
or potassium hydrate, and this color will be 
changed to a reddish violet on warming, 
strength of pole. The relative strength of a mag¬ 
netic pole, as compared with one of unit inten¬ 
sity'• symbol, M. 

strength'en-ing plaster. =Emplastrum ferri. 
streph'o-tome. A corkscrew*shaped instrument 
which is twisted through the inguinal canal in an 
operation for radical cure of inguinal hernia. 
^ Spanton’s operation. 
strep'i-tus. A noise: sometimes applied to the 
sound heard on auscultation or percussion. S. 
au'rium, ringing in the ears; tinnitus aurium. 
S. coria'ceus, a sound like creaking leather, heard 
in pericarditis, etc. S. uteri'nus = placental 
SOUFFLE. [ L., ” a noise.” ] 
strep‘tosan'gi-na. A pseudomembranous deposit in 
the throat due to streptococci, ts- Diphtheroid. 
strep‘to-ba-cil'lus, -bac-te'ri um. A bacillus or bac¬ 
terium twisted or linked together in a sort of 
chain as 5 . pseudotuberculo'sis rodentium — Bacil¬ 
lus PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS, 
strep-to-coc'cal, -coc'cic, -coc'cous. Relating to or 
caused by streptococci, as 5 . diphtheria, diph¬ 
theria chiefly due to the streptococcus, 
strep‘to-coc-cae'mia. That condition of the blood 
in which streptococci are present in it. 
Streptococ'cus. A genus of micro*organisms, con¬ 
sisting of cocci arranged in long or short chains. 
^ Micrococcus. S. ac'idi lac'tici, a species found 
in curdled milk: it causes precipitation of the 
casein. S. aethe'bius, a species found in the urine. 
S. al'bus, a species from hydrant water. S. am- 
bra'tus, a species causing pneumonia in young 
calves. S. angino'sus, a form of 5 . lon'gus caus¬ 
ing angina. S. aphthic'ola, a species found in the 
blood, milk, and skin of cattle affected with foot* 
and*mouth disease. S. articulo'rum, a species 
found on diphtheritic membranes and causing 
fatal disease of the joints in rabbits. S. aureo- 
la'tus, a species found in a casC of a patient in¬ 
fected with the poison of horse*colic. S. bomby'- 
cis, a species producing a diseased condition in 
silkworms. S. bre'vis, a nonsvirulent species 
from normal human saliva. S. cadav'eris, a 
species from the liver of the cadavers of persons 
who have died from yellow fever. S. charri'ni, a 
species obtained from rabbits affected with con¬ 
tagious anthrax: it is pathogenic. S. cinnaba'- 
reus, a species found in water and air, producing 
a red pigment; Micrococ'cus cinnaba'reus. S. 
co'li gra'cilis, a species found in the faeces and 


STREPTOCOCCUS 


STREPTOTHRIX 


98 ; 


intestines of carnivorous animals and in meconi¬ 
um. S. conglomera'tus, a species from scarlatina 
patients: pathogenic to mice. S. corona'tus = 
Micrococcus coron.\tus. S. cory'zae contagio'sae 
equo rum, a species found in the abscesses of 
contagious coryza of horses: it is pathogenic. 
S. des'idens, a species occurring in air and water, 
and forming a yellowishsbrown coloring matter; 
Micrococ'cus fla'vus des'idens. S. dis'sei, a patho¬ 
genic species found in the blood of syphilitic Japa¬ 
nese. S. endocardit'icus, a species found in 
ulcerative endocarditis. S. enteritis, enteritis due 
to the presence of streptococci, resembling, in 
acute form, cholera and in mild form typhoid 
fever. S. e'qui = S. coRvzaj contagios.^: equo- 
RUM. S. erysipel'atis, -tos, S. of Fehleisen, a 
species found in the lymiihatics of the skin in 
erysipelas, and producing that disease. The cocci 
are in short chains of from 6 to lo or in longer 
ones sometimes containing hundreds of individu¬ 
als. S. fermen'ti, a species causing the vinous 
fermentation of wines; Micrococ'cus visco'sus. S. 
flexuo'sus, a species found in the mouth and in 
erysipelatous pus. S. gigan'teus ure'thrae, a 
species found in the healthy urethra and in nor¬ 
mal urine. S. haematosa'prus, a species found 
in putrefying blood. S. havanien'sis, a species 
which has been found in the acid vomit of a 
yellow=fever patient. S. hollan'dicus, a species 
from ropy milk. S. hydrophobo'rum, a species 
obtained from the brain of rabietic animals. S. 
impetigTnis, a species from the vesicles of con¬ 
tagious impetigo. S. insecto'rum, a species from 
diseased insects. S. intercellula'ris = S. men¬ 
ingitidis. S. involu'tus, a species found in 
footsandsmouth disease: probably non=patho- 
genic. S. koch'i, a species from the blood of 
rabbits having artificial septicaemia. S. lance- 
ola'tus pasteu'ri = Diplococcus pneumoniae. 
S. laughli'ni, a species found in dengue. S. 
liquefa'ciens, a species from the intestines and 
liver of yellowsfever cadavers. S. lon'gus, a 
general name for various species, as S. angino'- 
sus, S. pyog'enes, etc., arranged in long chains 
of small cocci: usually very virulent. S. lu'- 
cae, a species found in soft chancre. S. Man- 
fre'di, a species from the sputum of lobar 
pneumonia: it is pathogenic. S. margarita^ceus, 
a species from putrid blood. S. meningitidis, 
a species found in cerebrospinal meningitis and 
in pulmonary apoplexy: pathogenic for mice, 
rabbits, dogs, and guinea-pigs. It seems mor¬ 
phologically and biologically identical with 5 . 
erysipel'atis. c®- Diplococcus intracellularis 
MENINGITIDIS. S. mescnterioi'des, a species 
found in beets and in sugar solutions, causing the 
dextrin-fermentation of cane-sugar. S. mira'- 
bilis, a saprophytic species from sewage. S. 
monomor'phus, a species from benign pharyngeal 
ulcers. S. morbillo'sus, a species found in 
measles. S. nocar'di, a species causing nodular 
induration of the udder in cows and goats. S. 
no'mae, a species found in gangrenous stomatitis. 
S. ochroleu'cus, a species found in the urine; 
Micrococ'cus ochroleu'cus. Its cultures produce 
a yellow pigment and emit a sulphuric odor. 
S. peritonit'idis e'qui, a pathogenic species from 
horses which have died from peritonitis. S. 
pemicio'sus psittaco'rum, a pathogenic species 
from a disease of gray parrots resembling fowl 
cholera. S. plicat'ilis, a species found in drink¬ 
ing-water and in a disease of the lips of 


children. S. pneumo'nise == pneu.mococcus. S. 
putrefa'ciens, a species obtained from various 
putrefying substances. S. pyo'genes, a patho¬ 
genic species found in progres¬ 
sive erysipelatoid suppuration. .. 

S. pyo'genes malig'nus, a species ^ ^ 

obtained from necrotic spots in 
the spleen in leukaemia: produces 


suppuration and disease of the -h 
spleen in rabbits. S. lindfleisch'i, 
a species found in the capillaries Streptococcus 
in mycosis fungoides. S. seifer'- Pyogenes. 
ti, a species from the nasal mucus 
and sputum in influenza. S. sep'ticus, a species 
found in impure earth: produces paralysis and 
death in mice and rabbits. S. sep'ticus liquefa'¬ 
ciens, a pathogenic species found in scarlatinal 
sepsis and in bronchiectasis. S. septopyae'micus = 
S. ERYsiPELATis. S. suspec'tus, a species from the 
blood and spleen of cattle affected with haema- 
turia. S. toxica'tus, a species found in an infu¬ 
sion of Rhus ioxicoden'dron: once thought to cause 
ivy poisoning. S. t)rrog'enes, a species from ripe 
cheese. S. ure'ae, a species found in the air and 
in ammoniacal urine: it decomposes urea, form 
ing ammonium carbonate. S. ure'ae liquefa'ciens, 
a zymogenic species from urine. S. va'rians, a 
species from water and producing a green pig¬ 
ment. S. varicel'lae, a species from the lymph 
and blood of varicella. S. vari'olae, a species 
found in the blood and lymph in smallpox. S. 
vermifor'mis, a species from water producing a 
green pigment. S. viniper'da, a species from 
spoiled wine. S. viola'ceus, a species found in 
water: forms a violet coloring matter. S. weiss'i, 
a pathogenic species from the lungs of cattle with 
infectious pneumonia. S. zy'thi, a species found 
in various malt liquors. 

strep-to-col'y-sin, strep-tol'y-sin. A haemolysin 
produced by growing virulent streptococci in 
mutton and rabbit sera. The filtrate when dilu¬ 
ted with physiological serum breaks down the 
red blood-cells of animals of a different species, 
fstrep-to-col'y-sis. -co-lyt'ic; strep-to-l5rt'ic. 

strep-to-co'sis. Infection with streptococci. 

strep'to-cyte. A cell-like body having a twisted 
or chain-like appearance. 

strep •to-my-co'sis. A diseased condition due to 

streptococci, Actinomycosis. 

strep•to-sep-ti-cae'mi a. Streptococcus septicaemia. 

Strep'tothrix. A genus of schizomycetes with minute 
filaments growing together in masses. ^ Clad- 
othrix. S. al'ba, a species said to cause actino¬ 
mycosis. S. asteroi'des, a mould-fungus found 
in certain cases of actinomycosis in man; Acii- 
nomyco'sis eppin'geri. S. aurea = S. foersteri. 
S. bo'vis commu'nis or actinomycot'ica=AcTiNO- 
myces bovis. S. bronchit'idis, a species causing 
gangrenous bronchitis and closely resembling 
Actinomy'ces bo'vis, except that ends of the rays 
are not knobbed. S. car'teri = S. madur^. S. 
cuniculi, a variety often found in necrotic and 
gangrenous tissues. S. eppin'geri, ^ S. aster- 
oiDES. S. farcin'ica, a pathogenic variety from 
farcy of cattle. S. foer'steri, a species found in 
concretions in the lachrymal glands. S. hoff- 
man'ni, a species found in the air, causing ab¬ 
scesses in guinea-pigs and rabbits. S. isra'eli, a 
species closely resembling Actinomy'ces hov'is 
found in actinomycosis in man. S. madu'rae, a 
mould-fungus found in the soft tissues of the 
hand and foot in Madura disease or mycetoma' 


STRETCHER 


938 


STROMA 


Actinomyces madu'rce; Chiony'phe car'ieri. S. 
proteus, a pathogenic variety. S. pseudo- 
tuberculo'sa, a branching form from the lungs; 
imperfectly acid proof. fstrep-to-thri'ci al. strep *- 
to-thri-co'sis. 

stretch'er. A light litter for carrying the sick. 

stretch'ing convulsions. Tetanic convulsions with 
the limbs extended. 

stri'a*, pi. stri'cB. A Latin word signifying a 
" groove,” “ furrow,” stripe, ridge, or “ crease ” : 
applied in anatomy and zoology to linear marks 
or lines, and sometimes, in pathology, to the 
purple spots which appear under the skin in 
certain fevers. ^Vibex. Striae acus'ticae == 
STRIAE MEDULLARES*. Striae albican'tes, de¬ 
pressed white streaks in skin of abdomen. S. 
anaesthet'ica, neurodermatrophia. Striae of Amici 
= Krause’s membranes. Striae atro'phicae, 
white lines caused by atrophy of the skin. Striae 
cilia'res, the ciliary processes. S. cor'nea, the 
taenia semicircularis. Striae cu'tis, scar^like lines 
or stripes on the skin due to spreading of cuticular 
bundles, as on the abdomen during pregnancy, 
ascites, etc., or on the breasts during the puerpe- 
rium. S. for'nicis = stria medullaris*. Striae 
gravida'rum = Line^ albicantes. Striae of Hei- 
denhain, Heidenhain’s rods. Striae of Hensen = 
Krause’s membranes. Striae Lanci'si=LANCisi’s 
NERVES. S. latera'lis, ^ STRIA longitudinalis 
LATERALIS*. Striae longitudina'les = Lancisi’s 
NERVES. S. longitudina'lis latera'lis*, one of two 
white lines crossing the upper surface of the corpus 
callosum at the sides; lateral longitudinal stria; 
taenia tecta; ligamentum tectum. S. longitudina'¬ 
lis media'lis*, m- Lancisi’s nerves. S. malleola'- 
ris*, a whitish stripe on the tympanic membrane 
passing from the malleolar prominence to the 
umbo: due to the handle of the hammer situated 
there showing through. S. medulla'ris*, medullary 
stria, either of the two white lines within the 
third ventricle proceeding from the peduncle of 
the pineal body to the inner side of the tubercle 
of the thalamus; stria fomicis; stria pinealis; 
taenia thalami: taenia ventriculi tertii. Striae 
medulla'res*, medullary striae, transverse white 
lines uniting with the roots of the auditory nerve 
about the middle of the floor of the fourth ven¬ 
tricle; auditory striae; taeniae acusticae; acoustic 
striae; striae acusticae. Meningitic s., men¬ 
ingitic. Striae muscula'res, the transverse stripes 
of striped muscular fibre. Striae olfacto'riae, the 
roots of the olfactory nerve. S. pinea'lis = 
STRIA MEDULLARIS*. Striae of Retzius = RET- 
zius’s PARALLEL STRI.E. Striae of Schreger == 
Schreger’s lines. Striae tec'tae = T^Ni^ tect^. 
S. termina'lis* =T^NiA semicircularis. S. vas- 
cula'ris*, a vascular strip on the outer wall of 
the membranous labyrinth. 

stri'ate, stri'a-ted. Grooved; furrowed; marked 
with lineal streaks or furrows {strice). S. arteries, 
branches from cerebral arteries supplying the 
corpus striatum. S. bodies = corpora striata. 
S. hair = ringed hair. S. muscular fibre, striped 
muscular fibre, ts- Muscular tissue. S. nail, a 
nail having longitudinal furrows. 

stri-a'tion. i. The condition of being streaked. 
^ TabbysCat s. 2. A streak or series of streaks. 
S. of Heidenhain = Heidenhain’s rods. 

stri-a'tum. The corpus striatum. 

Strick'er’s theory. The theory that inflammation 
is due to a retrograde metamorphosis of tissue, 
the part returning to an embryonic state. 


stric'tum. A designation for a supposed force caus^ 
ing inflammations, contractures, etc. Lt. ’o8.] 
stric'ture. A contraction in a canal, tube, or duct, 
as in the.; oesophagus, urethra, colon, 
bilesduct, lachrymal duct, etc. ^ 

Stenosis. Specially named varieties 
.are Annular, Bridle, Cicatricial, 
Contractile, False or functional (= 
spasmodic), HoursGlass, Imperme¬ 
able, Irritable, Organic, Perme¬ 
able, Recurrent (= contractile). 

Resilient, Simple, and Spasmodic or 
temporary. S. cutter, ts- stricturo- 
TOME. S. fever, febrile symptoms from 
urethral stricture. 

stric'tu-ro-tome. An instrument for cut¬ 
ting a stricture, fstric'tu-re-ot'o-my; 
stric-tur-ot'o-my. 

stri'dor. A name given to a peculiar 
noisy form of breathing produced in 
the larynx, varying greatly in its char¬ 
acter, being either harsh, musical, or 
crowing, and due to various forms of 
obstruction. S. den'tium, “ grinding 
of the teeth,” the grating noise pro¬ 
duced by powerful attrition of the 
teeth of the lower jaw on those of Stricture 
the upper: a common symptom in Dilator. 
gastric affections of children. S. inspi- 
rato'rius congen'ita, inspiratory croaking in 
infants. S. serrat'icus, a sound resembling that 
caused by filing a saw, as from expiration through 
a tracheotomy tube, fstrid'u-lous, as 5 . angina 
or laryngismus = laryngismus stridulus. 
strig'il. A fleshsbrush. fstrig-i-la'tion. 
stri-gi-men'tum cap'i-tis. = Pityriasis. [L.] 
string'shalt. = Spring-halt. 

string method. The treatment of an oesophageal 
stricture by passing a string, called a string saw, 
up through it from below, through a gastric fis¬ 
tula, and then, by pulling the string up and 
down, cutting the stricture so that a bougie 
may be passed; Abba’s string method, 
stri-o-cel'lu-lar. Composed of striated muscle-fibres 
and cells. 

stripe. A streak, ^ifrfa*. Ss. of Baillarger = Bail- 
larger’s LINES. S. of Bergmann = CONDUCTOR 
soNORus. S. of Dobie = Krause’s membrane. 
Ss. of Gennari = Baillarger’s lines. S. of 
Hensen = Krause’s membrane. S. of Retzius = 
Retzius’s lines. Ss. of Vicq 
d’Azyr = Baillarger’s lines. 
fstriped, as 5 . lamella, the darker 
striated granular part of a bone 
lamella: S. mus'cle tumor = khab - 
domyoma: and 5 . muscular fibre, 
t®" muscular tissue. fstripped, 
free from clothes. 

stro-bi'la, stro-bi'lus. An adult tape¬ 
worm. 

strob'ile. A cone, as of the Conif'erce. 
strob'o-scope. =Zoetrope. fstrob- Strobile. 
o-scop'ic. 

stroke. Any sudden attack of disease, especially of 
apoplexy or paralysis. Back s. = diastolic im¬ 
pulse. S.sculture =SMEAR CULTURE, tstrok'ing, 
a manipulation in massage, 
stro'ma*. The tissue which forms the bed. or sub¬ 
stance of an organ; the interstitial tissue of an 
organ, Rollet’s s. S. of the cornea, the 
connective-tissue layer or substantia propria of 
the cornea. S.sfibrin, fibrin formed from stroma 











STROMEYER’S SPLINT 939 STRUMPELL’S DISEASE 


of blood*corpuscles. S. of His, the trabeculated 
frameswork of the mammary gland. S. of the 
ovary, the firm connective tissue which separates 
the graafian follicles from one another; stroma 
ovarii*. S.splexus, a network formed by the 
ramifications of the nerves of the cornea within 
the substantia propria. This plexus is made up 
of two parts, the deep stromasplexus {primary 
plexus, fundamental plexus), and a layer made up 
of finer fibres beneath the anterior limiting mem¬ 
brane, called superficial stroma=plexus (subbasal 
plexus, accessory plexus of Ranvier). S. of the 
red bloodscorpuscles, that part of the red blood* 
corpuscles which remains after the haemoglobin 
has been removed. S. vit^reum*, the frame=work 
of very delicate fibres which makes up the vit¬ 
reous body of the eye. fstro'mal; stro-mat'ic. 
Stromeyer’s splint (shtro'mai-frz). A splint consist¬ 
ing of two hinged portions which can be fixed at 
any angle. It is used against stiffness of the 
joints in cases of fracture, etc. [ G. F. L. Stro- 
meyer, German surgeon, 1804-1876.] 

Stromuhr (shtrom'ur). An instrument by Ludwig 
to determine the rate of the flow of blood. [Ger.] 
strong pulse. A hard pulse. 

strong'er alcohol. The 1880 U. S. P. name for spirit 
of the specific gravity 0.817. 

Strongyloi'des stercora'lis. A small nematode worm 
believed to be the cause of an endemic diarrhoea 
of tropical countries. It presents two genera¬ 
tions: a parasitic or intestinal (also known as 
Anguillula intestinalis in this state), and a 
free living or fecal form. 5 . ’09.] 

Stron'gylus. A genus of nematode entoparasitic 
worms, common among lower animals and occa¬ 
sionally found in man. S. Amfiel'di, a species 
found in the trachea of the horse and ass. S. 
bronchia'lis, a nematode parasite having its 
habitat in the bronchial tubes; Fila'ria bronchia'- 
Us. S. contor'tus, found in the abomasum of 
sheep and cattle. S. convolu'tus, found in the 
abomasum of cattle. S. duodena'lis = Anky- 
LOSTOMA DUODENALis. S. fila'ria, a species 
found in the trachea of sheep and cattle, produc¬ 
ing “sheep*cough.” S. gi'gas, the palisade worm, 
a very large species sometimes found in the hu¬ 
man kidney; Eustron'gylus gi'gas. S. longivagina'- 
tus, a species found in the lungs of a child, pos¬ 
sibly a cause of inflammation of the lung. S. 
paradox'us, a species found in the bronchial tubes 
of swine and in man. S. sub'tilis, an Egyptian 
nematode parasite having its habitat in the in¬ 
testine: no symptoms are assigned to it. 
stron'ti a, stron'ti an. Strontium oxide, 
stron'ti i. The genitive of strontium. S. bro'- 
midum*, strontium bromide, SrBrj + dHgO, a 
colorless, crystalline substance, used like other 
bromides. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). S. iod'idum*, 
strontium iodide, Srl2 + 6H20, a colorless, crys¬ 
talline substance, used like potassium iodide. 
Dose, 0.5 Gm. (7^ grs.). S. lac'tas, the 1890 
U. S. P. name for strontium lactate, Sr(C3H503)2 
-I-3H2O, a white, granular powder, used as a 
diuretic. Dose, i Gm, (15 grs.). S. salicy'las*, 
strontium salicylate, Sr(C5H503)2+zHgO: anti* 
rheumatic and tonic. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
stron'ti um. A dark*yellow metallic element: at. wt., 
86.94; sp. gr., 2.5; symb., Sr. S. acetate, a white, 
crystalline powder, Sr(C2H302)2")" rised as 

a tonic and anthelmintic. Dose, 0.6 to 2.6 Gm. 
{10 to 40 grs.). S. arsenite, a white powder, 
Sr(As02)2 + 4H20: used as a tonic and alterative 


in skin diseases and malaria. Dose, 0.002 to 0.004 
Gm. (3^^ to yb gr.). S. bromide = STRONTii bro- 
MiDUM*. S. and caffeine sulphonate, symphy- 
ROL. S. glycerinophosphate, a white, crystalline 
powder used in phosphaturia, tabes, etc. S. iodide 
= STRONTII lODIDUM*. S. lactate = STRONTII LAC- 
TAS. S. phosphate, a white, tasteless powder, 
Sr3(POj2: used as a nutritive and tonic. Dose, 
0.6 to 2 Gm. (10 to 30 grs.). S. salicylate = 
STRONTII SALICYLAS*. 

^tro-phan'the in. A product of the decomposition 
of strophanthin by acids, 
stro-phan'thin. = Strophanthinum*. 
stro-phan-thi'num*. Strophanthin, a glucoside or 
mixture of glucosides obtained from Strophan- 
THUS*. The strength may be accurately deter¬ 
mined by the dose that will be fatal to a frog of 
given weight. Dose, 0.0003 Gm. ( gr.). The 

tannate is also used. 

Strophan'thus*. i. A genus of apocynaceous shrubs, 
natives of tropical Africa and Asia. Several of 
the species are cultivated for ornament. 2. The 
1890 U. S. P. name for the ripe seed of 5 . komb^ 
(S. his'pidus in the 1890 U. S. P,), deprived of its 
long awn: used like digitalis. Dose, 0.065 Gm. 
(igr.). i^Tinctura STROPHANTHi*. fstro-phan'- 
tism. 

stro-phan'tin. = Strophanthinum*. 
stroph-o-ceph'a-lus. A monster having portions of 
the head and face displaced, tstroph-o-ceph'a-ly. 
stroph'u-lus. A papular eruption of various species 
and form, peculiar to infants and usually harm¬ 
less; gum*rash; tooth*rash: red gum. S. al'bidus 
or al'bus, the white gum, a name for a variety of 
strophulus intertinctus. S. can'didus, “ shining 
strophulus,” a variety of strophulus in which the 
papulae are larger, are not inflamed,, but have a 
smooth, shining surface, which gives them a 
lighter color than the cuticle near them. S. 
confer'tus, ‘‘thick or crowded strophulus,” a 
variety of strophulus in which numerous papillae, 
varying in size, appear on different parts of the 
body in infants during dentition, and which is 
therefore caWedtooth^rash. S. intertinc'tus, ‘‘ spot¬ 
ted strophulus,” a variety of strophulus in which 
the child’s skin appears like printed cotton, from 
the various disposition of the characteristic pap¬ 
ules, or seems covered with a red gummy exuda¬ 
tion: therefore popularly termed red gum and 
red gown. S. prurigino'sus, a variety of strophu¬ 
lus affecting children and marked by the presence 
of papules and intense itching. S. volat'icus, 
‘‘ flying strophulus,” the wild*fire rash, a species 
of strophulus having small circular patches or 
clusters of papules arising successively on differ¬ 
ent parts of the body. 

struc'tu-ral diseases. Diseases attended by recog¬ 
nizable anatomical changes, as distinguished from 
functional diseases. S. formula, chemical 
FORMULA. S. lesion, a lesion or injury involving 
changes of the structure of a part; an organic 
lesion. S. rigidity, the final, irreducibly con¬ 
tracted condition of a hemiplegic limb, 
struc'ture. Manner of organization. 

Striimpell’s disease (strum'pflz). Polio*encephalo- 
myelitis; acute hemorrhagic encephalitis. S.’s 
paralysis, the hereditary form of spastic spinal 
paralysis. S.’s phenomenon or sign, marked 
dorsal flexion of the great toe in a paretic ex¬ 
tremity. S.’s reflex, movement of the leg and 
adduction of the foot caused by stroking of the 
abdomen or thigh. 


STRUMA 


940 


STUN 


itru^ma. i. = Scrofula. 2. —Goitre. S.amy- 
loiMes, amyloid metamorphosis of the thy¬ 
roid parenchyma and vessels. S. aneurismatTca, 
a goitre which has unusual vascular development 
and pulsates. S. collordes = S. gelatinosa. S. 
cys'tica, a goitre in the form of a cyst. S. fibro'- 
sa, goitre in which the development of fibres is a 
principal element. S. ganglio^sa, an irregular, 
knotty development of a goitre. S. gelatino^sa, 
a variety of goitre in which the individual folli¬ 
cles are filled with a jellyslike substance. S. 
malig'na, carcinoma of the thyroid gland. S. 
moblis, goitre in which the development of 
stromata does not keep pace with that of the 
follicles. S. os'sea, goitre in which the con¬ 
nective tissue stromata ossify. S. substerna^lis, a 
goitre which partially lies behind the manu¬ 
brium and causes difficulty in breathing. S. 
suprarena^lis, a fatty tumor of the suprarenal 
capsule. S. vasculo'sa = S. aneurismat'ica. [L.] 
tstru-mat'ic; stru'ma-tous. stru'mi-form. 
stru-mec'to-my. Excision of strumous glands, of a 
bronchocele, or of the thyroid gland: in the lat¬ 
ter case not less than one-fifth of the organ must 
be left to prevent cachexia strumipriva. 
stru-mi-pri'val, -vous. Caused by removal of the 
thyroid gland; deprived of the thyroid gland; 
thyroprival, is-C achexia strumipriva. 
stru-mi'tis. Inflammation of a goitre. Inflamma¬ 
tion of the thyroid gland is termed thyreoitis. 
stru-mo-der'ma. Cutaneous manifestations of scrof¬ 
ula; SCROFULODERM. 

stru-mos'i-tas. Tendency to struma or goitre, 
stru'mous. Having scrofula; scrofulous. S. ab¬ 
scess, a tuberculous abscess. S. bubo, an indo¬ 
lent bubo due to tuberculosis; scrofulous bubo. 
S. keratitis, phlyctenular keratitis. 

Struve’s lotion (stru'vfz). A preparation consist¬ 
ing chiefly of tartarized antimony and tincture 
of cantharides: used in whooping-cough. S.’s 
test, a haematin test for haematuria. 
strych'ni a. — Strychnina*. 

strych'nic acid. An acid prepared by heating 
strychnine with sodium, tstrych'nate. 
strych-ni'na*, gen. strychni'nce. Strychnine, Cjj- 
H22N2O2, a colorless, crystalline alkaloid ob¬ 
tained from Nux VOMICA* and other species of 
loganiaceous plants. It will impart a bitter 
taste to water even in the proportion of i part 
to 700,000. Dose, 0.001 Gm. gr.). Strych- 
ni'nae ni'tras*, strychnine nitrate, C21H22N2O2.- 
HNO3. Dose, 0.001 Gm. ( gr.). Strychni'nae 

sul'phas*, strychnine sulphate, (C2iH22N202)2.- 
H2SO4. This form of strychnine is the one most 
commonly employed, it being soluble in 31 parts 
of water, while the alkaloid itself requires 6400 
parts of water. Dose, 0.001 Gm. gr.). 
strych'nine. = Strychnina*. S. acetate, a diffi¬ 
cultly crystallizable salt of strychnine. S. arsenate, 
a white, crystalline, tonic, alterative, and antitu- 
bercular powder. Dose, 0.001 to 0.004 Gm. (^^4 to 
tV 8^-)- ^rsenite, a powder used like the pre¬ 
ceding. Dose, 0.001 to 0.004 Gm. ( -jV tV Sr.) . S. 
citrate, a salt used in the pharmaceutical prepara¬ 
tion of ferri et strychninae citras*. S. hydride, 
a salt obtained by the action of metallic sodium 
on strychnine: physiologically different in action 
from strychnine and may be used as a physiolog¬ 
ical antidote to strychnine poisoning. S. hydro¬ 
chloride, a crystalline compound, 2(C2iH22N202- 
HCl) -f 3 HjO. S. hypophosphite, a white crystalline 
powder used as a tonic and tissue-builder. Dose, 



Strychnine Chromate. 


0.002 to 0.005 Gm. ( to Y.2 g**-)- iodate, color 
less needles, C2iH22N2G2. HIO^, used in paralysis, 
anaesthesia, etc., chiefly hypodermically. Dose, 
0.006 Gm. gr.), 
which should not 
be exceeded. S. ni¬ 
trate = STRYCH¬ 
NINE NITRAS*. S. 
oleate, a mi.xture 
of strychnine and 
oleic acid, used for 
the external ad¬ 
ministration of 
strychnine. S. or¬ 
thos u Ip ha mine- 
benzoate = S. SAC- 

CHARINATE. S. 

phosphate, a salt of 
strychnine present 

in SYRUPUS FER¬ 
RI, QUININE, ET 
STRYCHNINE PHOS- 
PHATUM*. S. SaC- 

charinate, a true salt of saccharin and strychnine. 
It is sweet instead of bitter and is used like the 
alkaloid in doses about one-third larger. S. sul¬ 
phate = strychnine sulphas*. [< 'L. strychni'- 
na, fr. arpvxvo^ a species of nightshade.] fstrych'- 
nin-ism or strych'nism, the toxic condition caused 
by overdose of, or excessive use of, strychnine, 
strych’nin-i-za'tion, a condition due to the use of 
strychnine, or nux vomica. strych‘nin-o-ma'ni a, 
delirium or insanity due to strychnine, strych'- 
nize, to bring under the influence of strychnine, 
strych-ni'num. i. = Strychnine. 2. A homoe¬ 
opathic preparation of strychnine. 

Strych'nos. A genus of loganiaceous trees or shrubs, 
many species of which have medicinal prop¬ 
erties. S. colubri'na, an East Indian species 
whose bark and wood contain brucine and strych¬ 
nine and, are used as febrifuges and against 
snake-bites. S. crevaux'i, a species from French 
Guiana used in making curare. S. guble'ri, a 
species from the upper Orinoco used in the prep¬ 
aration of curare. S. igna'tia, a species fur¬ 
nishing ignatia. S. ligustri'na, a species reputed 
to be a remedy for snake-bites. S. nuxsvom'ica, 
a species furnishing nux vomica: the bark, or 
false Angostura bark, is used as a febrifuge and 
against snake-bites. S. potato'rum, nirmuli, a 
tree of India bearing a fruit called clearing»nut, 
which is used to purify muddy water, which it 
renders potable and agreeable. It is also used 
as an emetic. S. pseu'dosqui'na, a tree or shrub, 
a native of Brazil, yielding the copalchi hark, 
which is febrifuge, and is largely used by the 
Brazilians, who consider it equal to quinine in 
virtue. It is stated that this species does not 
contain strychnine. S. tieut6 = Upas tieut6 . 
S. toxif'era, a South American species, 
stryph'na. Astringents. [< aTpv(j)v 6 q astringent.] 
stub^sthumb. A short clubbed thumb, 
stu^dent’s placenta. A placenta which has been 
retained on account of unskilful manipulation. 
Stiitz’s test (stut'ziz). =Furbringer’s test. 
stul-ti'ti a. Foolishness; folly, or a certain dulness 
of the mind: formerly used for fatuity. [L.] 
stump. The part of a limb or other solid body 
remaining after a part has been cut off. ts- N eu- 
roma; recurrent bandage. S.sfoot, club-foot, 
stun. To render unconscious, as by a blow, fstunned, 
as 5 . wc/awc/j(3/y = melancholia attonita. 


STUPE 


941 


STYPTIC 


stupe, stu^pa. i. Tow used in surgical dressings. 
2. A cloth wrung out of hot water and used locally 
as a fomentation, especially such a cloth moist¬ 
ened with some irritant liquid, as turpentine, 
stu-pe-fa^ci ent. Having power to stupefy: formerly 
u.sed in the same manner as narcotic. 
stu-pe-ma'ni a. Stuporous insanity, 
stu'por. A suspension or diminished activity of 
the mental faculties due to decrease of cerebral 
reflex activity; loss of sensibility. Sopor; 
TORPOR. S. aner'gica, a variety of dementia 
marked by listlessness, quiet, and non=resistance 
of the patient. S. ar'tuum, the condition of the 
limbs when they are said to be asleep. S. den'- 
tium, the affection of the teeth when they are 
popularly said to be “on edge.” S. vi'ghans, 
catalepsy. [ < L. stupe're to be stupefied.] tstu'- 
por-ous, as S. insanity, acute dementia, and S. 
melancholia = mel.\ncholia attonit.\. 
stu'prum, stu-pra'tion. = Rape. [L.] 
stu'rine. An active, bactericidal ptomaine from 
the sperm of sturgeons. 

Sturm’s focal interval. = Focal interval. 
stut'ter. I. = Stammering. 2, To make repeated 
ineffectual efforts to articulate. S.sspasm = 
Lalophobia. tstut'ter-ing. Penmanship 5. [1 J. 
A. M. A. j. ’09.] 
sty, stye. = Hordeolum. 

sty'cer-i-nol, sty'cer-in. A yellowish, gummy sub¬ 
stance, C9Hj203; phenylglycerinol. 
style, sty'let. = Stilette. 
sty'li-form. Resembling a style or bodkin, 
sty-lis'cus. A tent in the form of a bodkin; also 
the channel which passes from the stigma through 
the style into the ovary of a plant, 
sty'lo-. Shaped like a style or bodkin; styliform; 
particularly relating to the styloid process of the 
temporal bone: a combining form. [< 
pillar.] sty-lo-glos'sal, relating to the styloid 
process and the tongue, as 5 . nerve, a branch of 
the facial nerve supplying the styloglossus mus¬ 
cle.— sty-lo-glos'sus, a muscle arising from the 
styloid process and the stylomaxillary ligament 
and inserted into the root of the tongue, which it 
moves laterally and backward; M. styloglossus*. 

— sty-lo-hy'oid, -hy'al, relating to the styloid proc¬ 
ess and the hyoid bone, as 5 . arch, an embryonic 
arch made up of 4 segments, (i) the Pharyngo- 
branchial, which develops into the styloid proc¬ 
ess, (2) the Epibranchial, which develops into the 
stylohyoid ligament, and (3) the Ceratobranchial 
and (4) Hypobranchial, which together develop in¬ 
to the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone: 5 . ligament, 
a fibrous cord, sometimes ossified, extending be¬ 
tween the styloid process of the temporal bone 
and the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone; ligamen- 
tum stylohyoideus*'. S. muscle^^ stylohyoidevs: 
and 5. nerve, a branch of the facial nerve supply¬ 
ing the stylohyoid muscle; ramus stylohyoideus*. 

— sty*lo-hy-oi'de us, a muscle arising from the 
styloid process and inserted into the hyoid bone, 
which it helps to raise; M. stylohyoideus*. — sty'- 
loid, resembling a style or bodkin: especially ap¬ 
plied to a process of the temporal bone, etc.; styli¬ 
form, as S. cornua, the small horns of the hyoid 
bone; the epihyals: 5 . nucleus, a bony nodule in 
the cartilages uniting the lesser cornua with the 
body of the hyoid: 5 . process of the fibula, the 
conical eminence behind the head of the fibula: 
5. process of the radius, the conical outer part of 
the lower end of the radius: 5 . process of the tem¬ 
poral hone, the long, tapering spine which projects 


downward from the inferior surface of the teni 
poral bone: and 5 . process of the ulna, a projec¬ 
tion on the inner side of the distal end of the ulna. 
— stylo-lar-yn-ge'us, that part of the stylo- 
pharyngeus muscle which is inserted into the 
thyroid cartilage and epiglottis.— stylo-man-dib'- 
u-lar ligament — stylomaxillary ligament.— 
sty-lo-mas'toid, relating to the styloid and 
mastoid processes of the temporal bone, as 5 . 
artery, a branch of the posterior auricular artery 
to the stylomastoid foramen, supplying the fal¬ 
lopian canal; arteria stylomastoidea*: S. fora¬ 
men, a foramen situated between the styloid and 
mastoid processes, through which the seventh 
cranial nerve escapes from the skull; foramen 
stylomastoideum*: and S. vein, a small vein 
emptying into the posterior auricular vein.— sty- 
lo-max-il-la'ris. i. = Stylomaxillary. 2. = 
Digastric. — sty-lo-max'il-la-ry, relating to the 
styloid process of the temporal bone and the in¬ 
ferior maxilla, as S. ligament, a broad band be¬ 
tween the styloid process of the temporal bone 
and the lower portion of the posterior border of 
the ramus of the inferior maxilla; ligamentum 
stylomandibulare*. — sty-lo-my'loid, relating to 
the styloid process of the temporal bone and the 
molar region of the lower jaw, as 5 . ligament, 
stylomaxillary ligament. — stylo-pha-ryn'- 
ge al, relating or pertaining to the styloid process 
of the temporal bone and the pharynx.— stylo- 
phar-yn-ge'us, a muscle arising from the styloid 
process and inserted into the pharynx and the 
back part of the thyroid cartilage; M. stylo- 
pharyngeus*. It raises the pharynx and draws up 
the thyroid cartilage. S. inter'nus, an occasional 
duplicature of the stylopharyngeus.— stylo-pha- 
r3^'go-la-ryn-ge'us = stylopharyngeus. — sty- 
lo-staph'y-line, relating to the styloid process of 
the temporal bone and the velum palati.— sty- 
los'te-o-phyte, a pillar^shaped exostosis.— sty-lo- 

Stix'is = ACUPUNCTURE. 

sty'lus. I. = Stilette. 2. One of the masses of 
fibres joining the optic thalamus with the cere¬ 
bral cortex; peduncle of the optic thalamus, 
sty-ma-to'sis. Priapism with hemorrhage, 
sty'pe. A tampon of cotton, etc., used, when 
charged, as with methyl chloride, for the pro¬ 
duction of local anaesthesia, fsty'page, appli¬ 
cation of a stype to produce local anaesthesia, 
styph'nic acid. A yellow, crystalline substance, 
CgHgN-jOg, made in various ways, as by the action 
of nitric acid on galbanum, extract of Brazil 
wood, etc.; oxypicric acid; trinitroresorcinol. 
styp'sis. Employment of styptics; constipation, 
styp'tic. Having the power of stopping hemor¬ 
rhages by controlling the blood-vessels or by 
causing the blood to clot more completely or 
rapidly, through an astringent quality; haemo¬ 
static. The chief styptics are ice, very hot 
water, antipyrine, adrenalin, nitrate of silver, the 
actual cautery, iron perchloride, iron persulphate, 
tannin, matico, strong acids, alum, and lead 
acetate, Binelli’s s. = aoua binelli. S. col¬ 
lodion =collodium stypticum*. S. colloid, a 
preparation made by saturating ether with tan¬ 
nin and gun-cotton, used as a dressing for 
wounds, and acting as a styptic, antiseptic, and 
air-excluder; xylostyptic ether. S. cotton, cot¬ 
ton soaked in a styptic solution and dried. S. 
liquid of Pagliari = Pagliari’s styptic, S. pow¬ 
der, a powder consisting of alum, colophony, and 
gum arabic. Warren’s s. =lotio adstringens. 


STYPTICIN 


942 SUBCEREBELLAR 


styp'ti-cin. Cotarnine hydrochloride, an oxidation 
prodact of narcotine, similar to hydrastinine: 
haemolytic, analgesic, and uterine sedative. Dose, 
0.05 Gm. (f gr.); as an external styptic, pure; 
hypodermically it has been used in a 10% solu¬ 
tion to control uterine hemorrhage. Dose, 2 Cc. 
(30 mins.). 

styp'to-gan. A potassium permanganate paste pre¬ 
pared with petrolatum and Kieselguhr: used in 
hemorrhages. Dose, 0.065 Gm. (i gr.). 
styp'tol. Cotarnine phthalate: used in uterine 
hemorrhages. Dose, 0.05 Gm. (f gr.). 
styr'a-cin. A crystalline substance, CjgHjgOg, con¬ 
tained in STYRAX, def. 2. 

styr'a-col. Guaiacol cinnamate or cinnamyl guaia- 
col, CjgHj^Og, an intestinal antiseptic used in 
phthisis, etc. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 

Sty'rax*. I. A genus of styracaceous trees, several 
species of which furnish balsamic gums. 2. The 
U. S. P. title for storax, a balsam obtained from 
the wood and inner bark of Liquidam'bar orienta'- 
Its: a stimulant expectorant. Dose, i Gm. (15 
grs.). S. ben'zoin, a species furnishing benzoin, 
sty'rene. i. =Styrol. 2. =vStyrone, def. i. 
sty'rol, sty'ro-lene. A colorless, oily, aromatic 
hydrocarbon, CgHg, phenylethylene, found in 
storax and in coabtar, and obtained by heating 
cinnamic acid with water to 93° C. (200° F.); 
cinnamene; cinnamol; styrene, 
sty'rone. i. Cinnamyl alcohol, or styryl alcohol, 
CgHjgO, a white, crystalline compound, obtained 
by treating styracin with caustic potash. 2. An 
antiseptic containing styrax andT balsam of Peru. 
S. method, the use of styrone for bleaching micro¬ 
scopic preparations, 
sty'ryl alcohol. = Styrone, def. i. 

Su. Abbr. for L. su'met, let him take. 

Sua'kim gum. An inferior variety of acacia gum 
produced by Aca'cta stenocar'pa. 
sub. A Latin preposition signifying “ under,” or 
“from beneath,” also “near,” also “slightly,” 
“ moderately.” In chemistry, it denotes either 
the lower of two compounds of the same ele¬ 
ments or a basic salt. ^ Hvpo-; infra. 
sub fin. coct. Abbr. for L. sub fi'nem coctio'nis, 
when the cooking is nearly finished, 
sub-ab-dom'i-nal. Situated below the abdomen, 
sub-ac'e-tate. A basic acetate, as the 5 . of lead. 

ts - Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus*. 
sub-ac'id. Somewhat acid; moderately acid, 
sub-a-cid'i-ty. Diminished acidity, 
sub-ac'rid. Moderately acrid. 

sub-a-cro'mi al. Beneath the acromion. S. bursa, 
the upper portion of the deltoid bursa, situated 
below the acromion; bursa subacromialis*. 
sub-a-cute'. Intermediate between acute and 
chronic, whether in course or in intensity. S. 
disease, a disease which is more continued and 
less active than an acute disease. S. myelitis, 
myelitis which develops in from two to six weeks. 
S. rheumatism, rheumatism. S. spinal atro¬ 
phy, progressive muscular atrophy, 
sub-a-gi-ta'trix. A person who practises tribadism, 
sub-a'nal. Below the anus, 
sub-an-ces'tral. Of indirect line of descent, 
sub-an-co-ne'us. A muscle of the back of the 
elbow, lying beneath the anconeus. fsub-an- 
co'ne al. 

sub-a-or'tic stenosis. Narrowing of the aortic ori¬ 
fice at the base of the heart, 
sub-ap'i-cal. Below or beneath the apex. • 
sub-ap-o-neu-rot'ic. Beneath an aponeurosis. 


sub-a'qual technic. The palpation of the abdomen 
under water. 

sub-a-rach'noid. Beneath the arachnoid. S. con¬ 
fluents = cistern.® ARACHNOIDALES. S. fluid, 
the cerebrospinal fluid, i®* Subarachnoid space. 
S. septum, a longitudinal membranpus parti¬ 
tion connecting the spinal arachnoid with the 
pia mater, opposite the posterior median As¬ 
sure; septum subarachnoideale*. S. space, the 
interval between the arachnoid membrane and 
the pia mater; cavum subarachnoideale*. It is 
filled with a clear liquid, the cerebrospinal fluid 
{liquor cerebrospinalis*). S. space of the optic 
nerve, the space between the arachnoidal and 
pial sheaths of the optic nerve. S. tissue, tra¬ 
beculae of delicate connective tissue bridging 
across the space from pia to arachnoid, 
sub-ar'cu-ate. Somewhat bowed. S. fossa, a fossa 
on the posterior internal surface of the petrous 
portion of the temporal bone, beneath the semi¬ 
circular canal; fossa subarcuata*. 
sub-a-re'o-lar. Beneath the areola. S. abscess, a 
subcutaneous abscess of the areola of the nipple, 
sub-as-trag'a-lar, -as-trag'a-loid. Below or beneath 
the astragalus. S. amputation, amputation of 
the foot removing all the tarsal bones except the 
astragalus. S. dislocation, separation of the cal- 
caneum and scaphoid from the astragalus; as- 
tragalocalcaneoscaphoid dislocation. S. osteo¬ 
plastic amputation = Hancock’s operation. 
sub-as-trin'gent. Moderately astringent, 
sub-at-loi'de an. Situated below the atlas, 
sub-au'ral. Beneath the ear. 

sub-au-ric'u-lar. Below the auricle of the ear. S. 
gland, a lymphatic gland below and behind the 
ear. S. region, the space below the ear. 
sub-ax'i al. Below an axis. 

sub-ax'il-la-ry. Below the armpit. S. region == 
infrasaxillary region. 

sub-ba'sal. Below the base. S. plexus = stroma* 

PLEXUS. 

sub-bra'chi al, -bra'chi ate. Beneath the brachium. 
sub-brach-y-ce-phal'ic. Somewhat brachycephalic; 

having the length=breadth index from 78 to 79®. 
sub-cae'cal fossa. A depression formed by a pouch 
of peritoneum on the under side of the caecum, 
sub-cal'ca-rine. Situated below the calcarine fis¬ 
sure. S. convolution, a narrow convolution on 
the occipital and temporal lobes of the brain, 
bounded above by the calcarine fissure and below 
by the collateral fissure. 

sub-cal-lo'sal convolution. A convolution on the 
mesial surface of the cerebrum, between chiasm 
and rostrum; Zuckerkandl’s convolution; gyrus 
subcallosus {pedunculus corporis callosi]*. 
sub-cap'su-lar. Beneath a capsule or the capsule 
(in cerebral anatomy). S. epithelium, i. The 
internal lining of the capsule of a spinal ganglion. 
2. A single layer of epithelium covering the pos¬ 
terior surface of the anterior capsule of the lens, 
sub-car'bo-nate. A basic carbonate, as Bismuth s. 
tsub-car-bon'ic. 

sub'car-ti-lag'i-nous. Lying beneath cartilage; not 
entirely cartilaginous. 

sub-cen'tral. i. Nearly in a centre. 2. Below the 
central fissure or a vertebral centrum. S. arch = 
h^mal arch. S. fissure, an occasional fissure at 
the ventral end of the postcentral fissure, 
sub-cer-e-bel'lar. Beneath the cerebellum. S. 
artery, a branch of the basilar artery to the infe¬ 
rior and anterior part of the cerebellum, tsub- 
cer'e-bral. 


SUBCHLORIDE 


943 


SUBECTOPIC 


sub-chlo'ride. A chloride containing less chlorine 
than a normal chloride, 
sub-chon'dral. Beneath a cartilage, 
sub-chor'dal. Below or beneath the notochord, 
sub-cho-ri-on'ic. Beneath the chorion, 
sub-cho-roi^dal. Beneath the choroid. S. dropsy, 
accumulation of fluid beneath the choroid, 
sub-chron'ic. Between chronic and subacute. S. 
disease, a disease less protracted than a chronic 
disease, but of longer duration than an acute one. 
sub-cla'vi an, sub-cla'val, sub-cla-vic'u-lar. Be¬ 
neath the clavicle. S. aneurism, aneurism of the 
subclavian artery. S. artery, one of the two 
large arteries lying beneath the clavicles, arching 
over the first rib, and terminating in the axillary 
arteries, the right arising from the innominate 
artery and the left from the arch of the aorta; 
arteria subclavia*. S. bursa, an inconstant bursa 
within the fibres of the rhomboid ligament. S. 
fossa, the depression on the lower surface of the 
clavicle, near the outer end. S. glands, lymphatic 
glands beneath the arch of the right subclavian 
artery: infraclavicular glands. S. groove, i. A 
groove on the inferior surface of the clavicle for 
the subclavian muscle. 2. A groove on the first rib 

for the subclavian artery; sulcus suhclavius*. S. 
murmur, a murmur heard over the subclavian 
arteries: sometimes present in pulmonary tuber¬ 
culosis. S. muscle, the subclavius. S. nerve, a 
branch of the brachial plexus supplying the 
subclavius muscle. S. triangle, a triangle of the 
neck bounded by the clavicle, the omohyoid, and 
the steirnocleidomastoideus; trigonum omoclavicu- 
lare*. S. vein, a continuation of the axillary 
vein behind the clavicle to its inner extremity, 
where it joins the innominate; vena subclavia*. 
sub-cla-vic'u-la. The first rib. 

sub-cla'vi us. A muscle arising from the cartilage 
of the first rib and inserted into the lower surface 
of the clavicle, which it depresses and carries for¬ 
ward; M. subclavius*. S. posti'cus, the sterno- 
chondroscapularis muscle, 
sub-col-lat'e-ral. Beneath or below the collateral 
fissure. S. convolution, a convolution on the 
temporal lobe of the brain, connecting the occip¬ 
ital and temporal lobes, between the collateral fis¬ 
sure and the subtemporal fissure, 
sub-com-mis'su-ral organ, Reissner’s fibres. 
sub-con-junc-ti'val. Below or beneath the con¬ 
junctiva. S. gland = MEIBOMIAN GLAND, 
sub-con'scious-ness. Imperfect consciousness; that 
state in which the mind is not distinctly conscious 
. of its activity in forming mental processes, fsub- 
con'sci ous, as S. ego, that portion of cerebral 
activity unnoticed by the mind; subliminal 
consciousness. 

sub-con-tin'u al, -uous. Nearly continuous. S. 
fever, malarial fever. 

sub-cor'a-coid. Below the coracoid process, 
sub-cor'tex. That portion of the brain beneath the 
cortex, fsub-cor'ti-cal, ag 5 . motor aphasia. 
sub-cos'tal. Beneath a rib or the ribs. S. angle, 
the angle formed at the median line of the body 
by the outward inclination of the false ribs. S. 
artery, the superior intercostal artery. S. groove 

= SULCUS COST/E. 

sub-cos-ta'lis. A muscle extending from the lower 
surface of a rib to succeeding ribs; M. subcostalis*. 
sub-cra'ni al. Beneath the skull, 
sub-crep'i-tant. Not clearly crepitant. S. rale, a 
rale approaching a crepitant rale in its character, 
■{■sub-crep-i-ta'tion. 


sub-cru-rae'us, sub-cru-ra'lis. A muscle of the 
femur beneath the cruraeus inserted into the 
capsule of the knee=joint; subfemoralis; M. 
articularis genu*. 

sub-crus-ta'ce ous. Below a scab. S. cicatriza¬ 
tion = healing BY SCAB. 

sub-cul'ture. A secondary bacterial culture ob* 
tained from a previous culture, 
sub-cu-ne'us. A group of convolutions below the 
cuneus and continuous with the gyrus fomicatus. 
sub-cu-ta'ne ous. Situated, introduced, or living just 
under the skin; subdermal. tsr Hypodermic; hy- 
PODERMOCLYSis. S. abscess, an abscess occurring 
beneath the skin. S. emphysema, ts- emphysema. 
S. fascia, superficial fascia. 

S. feeding, the administer¬ 
ing of nutrient substances 
by hypodermic injection 
when ordinary feeding is 
impossible. S. fracture, a 
simple fracture. S. ingui¬ 
nal ring, the external ab¬ 
dominal RING. S. injec¬ 
tion, ^ HYPODERMIC INJEC¬ 
TION. S. laceration, de¬ 
struction of the subcutane¬ 
ous tissue by introducing a 
knife or needle and twist¬ 
ing it around. S. nerve= 
stretching, i^nerves 
STRETCHING. S. operation, 
an operation performed with the smallest pos¬ 
sible opening through the skin. S. surgery, sur¬ 
gery in which operations are performed under 
the skin, the instruments being inserted through 
a small opening in the skin. S. tissue, areolar 
tissue immediately beneath the skin; tela sub- 
cutanea*. S. transfusion, injection of blood into 
the subcutaneous tissue. S. wound, a wound with 
a very small surface opening, 
sub-cu-ta-ne'us col'li. Platysma myoides. 
sub-cu-tic'u-lar. Beneath the cuticle. S. suture, 
a suture applied beneath the epidermis, 
sub-cu'tin. A white, crystalline powder, paraphe- 
nolsulphonicsacid ethyl ester of para=aminoben- 
zoic acid: used as a local anaesthetic (12.5%). 
sub-cu'tis. The deeper portion of the cutis vera. 
sub-de-lir'ium. A partial delirium in which a patient 
is easily rendered rational for a time, 
sub-den'tal. Beneath the teeth, 
sub-der'mal. = Subcutaneous. 
sub-di-a-phrag-mat'ic. Beneath the diaphragm. S. 
abscess, an accumulation of pus between the 
upper surface of the liver and the diaphragm; 
subphrenic abscess. When there is air also it is 
Subdiaphragmatic or Subphrenic pyopneumothorax. 
sub-di-crot'ic. Indefinitely dicrotic. 
sub-doPi-cho-ce-phal'ic. Moderately dolichocephal¬ 
ic; with a lengthsbreadth index from 75° to 78®. 
sub-dor'sal. Below the dorsal region, 
sub-duc'tion. = Deorsumduction. fsubsduct'. 
sub-du'ral. Below or beneath the dura mater, as 
S. hemorrhage. S. artery, the meningeal branch 
of the ascending pharyngeal artery, Menin¬ 
geal .4 RTERY. S. space, the interval between the 
dura mater and the arachnoid membrane; cavum 
subdurale*. S. space of the optic nerve, the space 
between its dural and arachnoidal sheaths, 
sub-ec-to-der'mal. Beneath the ectoderm, 
sub-ec-top'ic. Displaced to a moderate degree. S. 
pregnancy, pregnancy in the lower section of the 
uterine cavity below Bandl’s ring. 


r 



Subcutaneous 

Ligature. 


SUBEHCEPHALON 


944 


SUBLINGUAL 


sub-en-ceph'a-lon. The basal parts of the brain; 

medulla, pons, crura, and corpora quadrigemina. 
sub-en-do-car'di al. Situated beneath the endocar¬ 
dium. S. tissue, that portion of the heart tissue 
which is immediately beneath the endocardium, 
sub-en-do-the'li al. Beneath any endothelium, 
sub-en-do-the'li um. Debove’s membrane. 
sub-ep-en'dy-mal nucleus. The internal nucleus of 
the auditory nerve: beneath the ependyma, 
sub-ep-i-der'mal. Beneath the epidermis, 
sub-ep-i-the'li al. Beneath the epithelium. S. en¬ 
dothelium, the basement or D 6 bove’s membrane. 
S. layer of the cochlea, a layer of cells near the 
inner rods of Corti, at the exit of the filaments of 
the cochlear nerve. S. plexus, a plexus of fine 
nervesfibres between the stratum and the epithe¬ 
lium of the cornea. S. stratum, the anterior limit¬ 
ing membrane of the cornea, 
su'ber. Cork. [L.] 

su-ber'ic acid. A crystalline substance, CgHj^O^, 
obtained from corks and from certain fatty oils 
by boiling with nitric acid, 
su'ber-in. A kind of cellulose, derived from cork, 
su'ber-one. An aromatic liquid, obtained 

by distilling suberic acid with lime, 
su-bes'ton. Dibasic aluminum acetate, Al2(C2H3- 
02)2(014)antiseptic, astringent, deodorizant. 
sub-fal'ci al. Beneath the falx cerebri. S. fissure, 
a small fissure on the mesal surface of the frontal 
lobe. 

sub-fas'ci al. Situated beneath the fascia, 
sub-fe'brile. Somewhat febrile, 
sub-fem-o-ra'lis. =Subcrur^us. 
sub-fis'sure. A fissure covered over by the over¬ 
lapping of two convolutions, 
sub-fla'vous. Yellowish. S. ligament, the elastic 
ligament of yellow color situated between the 
laminas of the vertebrae; ligamentum flava*. 
sub-fo'li um. One of the elementary divisions of a 
cerebellar folium fsub-fo'li ar. 
sub-for'ni-cal. Below a fornix, 
sub-fron'tal. Beneath or below a frontal lobe, 
convolution, etc. S. artery, a branch of the an¬ 
terior cerebral artery to the olfactory groove. S. 
convolution, inferior frontal convolution. S. 
fissure, a fissure between the middle and inferior 
frontal convolutions. 

sub-gal'late. A basic salt of gallic acid, as Bis¬ 
muth S . = DERMATOL. 

sub-gem'i-nal. Situated beneath a taste=bud. 
cub-ge'nus. A subdivision of a genus higher than 
a species, fsub-ge-ner'ic. 
sub-ger'mi-nal. Under the germ. S. cavity, i. 
The cavity beneath the germ in an oviim of an 
early stage; the yolk^cavity. 2. The segmentated 
cavity. S. processes, outgrowths from the inner 
surface of the epiblast. 

sub-gle'noid. Occurring beneath the glenoid fossa 
of the scapula, as a S. dislocation of the humerus, 
sub-glos'sal. = Sublingual. 
sub-glos-si'tis. Inflammation under the tongue, 
sub-gron-da'tion. The depression of a part of one 
bone beneath another, as in cranial fracture, 
sub-gy'rus. A gyrus partially covered by another, 
sub-he-pat'ic. Below the liver, 
sub-hu'mer-al. Below the humerus, 
sub-hy'a-loid. Below the hyaloid membrane, 
sub-hy'oid, sub-hy-oi'de an. Below or beneath the 
hyoid bone. S. bursa, a bursa situated between 
the conjoint insertion of the omohyoid, sterno¬ 
hyoid, and stylohyoid muscle and the thyrohyoid 
membrane and hyoid bone; Boyer’s bursa. S. 


laryngotomy, laryngotomy. S. pharyngot- 
omy, ^ PHARYNGOTOMY. 
sub-ic-ter'ic. Jaundiced to a moderate degree, 
su-bic'u-lum. The uncus or uncinate gyrus, fsu- 
bic'u-lar, as 5 . region, the anterior portion of the 
temporosphenoidal lobe. 

sub-il'i um. The bottom of the ilium, tsub-il'i ac. 
sub-in-fec'tion. Auto»infection due to the decrease 
of the resistant power of the cells of the body 
from their constant effort to combat toxic cells, 
sub-in-flam-ma'tion. A mild or incipient inflam¬ 
mation. fsub-in-fiam'ma-to-ry. 
sub-in-teg-u-men'ta-ry. Beneath the integument, 
sub-in-tes'ti-nal. Below the intestines. S. ganglia 
= Meissner’s ganglion. 
sub-in'trance. Anticipation of recurrence, 
sub-in'trant. i. Marked by the anticipation of 
recurrences. 2. Beginning before the cessation 
of a process or of an action. S. fever, an inter¬ 
mittent fever in which the paroxysms follow one 
another so closely that they overlap, 
sub-in-vo-lu'tion. Partial or incomplete involu¬ 
tion. S. of the uterus, imperfect retrograde 
metamorphosis of the enlarged uterus after preg¬ 
nancy. Involution ; superinvolution. 
sub-i'o-dide. i. That iodide of a base which con¬ 
tains least iodine. 2. An oxyiodide. 
sub-ja'cent. Lying below. 

sub'ject. I. Something placed under one’s notice. 
2. In anatomy, a body for dissection. 3. As an 
adjective, liable, as to certain diseases, 
sub-jec'tive. Relating to the subject; originating 
within the being; internal, Objective. S. 
image, i. A photism. 2. An hallucination of 
vision. S. sensation, a sensation which has its 
origin within the organism and does not repre¬ 
sent an external stimulus. S. sign == S. symptom. 
S. sound = PHONisM. S. symptom, a symptom 
perceived by the patient only. S. vertigo, ver¬ 
tigo in which it seems to the patient that he is 
being moved around, fsub-jec-tiv'i-ty. 
sub-jec'ti-vism. = Passivism. 
sub-jec'to-scope. An instrument designed for the 
examination of subjective visual sensations, 
sub-ju'gal. Situated below the malar bone, 
sub'la-mine. Ethylenediamine sulphate of mer¬ 
cury, 3HgS04.8C2H4(NH2)2, containing about 
44% of mercury. It is disinfectant, in a 0.5 to 2% 
solution; antisyphilitic and gonococcicide, in a 
3% solution hypodermically; and fixative, 
sub-la'ti o. A lifting out or loosening; detachment, 
as 5 . ret'ince, detachment of the retina. [L.] 
sub-li-ma'tion. The process by which solid sub¬ 
stances are volatilized or raised by heat and again 
condensed, the product being called a sublimate 
when concreted in a hard mass, and flowers when 
powderslike. tsub'li-mate, as corrosive s. — hy- 

DRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM*. SUb-Umcd', 

as S. sulphur— sv'LVHVK sublimatum*. 
sub-li-ma'tus. A sublimate. S. corrosi'vus = hy- 

DRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM*. [L.] 

sub-lime'. =Sublimis. 

sub-lim'i-nal. Below the limen, or threshold, of 
sensation. S. consciousness = subconscious 
EGO. S. stimulus, one which is too weak to pro¬ 
duce any obvious effect. 

sub-li'mis. “ High,” the opposite of low or deep; 

hence, “ superficial.” [L.] 
sub-lin'gu al. Situated beneath the tongue. S. 
artery, a branch of the lingual artery supplying 
certain parts beneath the tongue; arteria sublin¬ 
gualis'*^. S. calculus, a salivary calculus of the 


SUBLINGUITIS 


945 


SUBPARIETAL 


sublingual gland. S. caruncle = caruncula sub¬ 
lingualis*. S. cyst -= RANULA. V S. ducts, the 
excretory ducts of the sublingual glands; the 
rivinian ducts. S. fossa, an oval depression on 
each side of the mental tubercle for lodging the 
sublingual gland. S. frog = ranula. S. gan¬ 
glion, a small ganglion on the branch of the sub¬ 
maxillary ganglion to the sublingual gland. S. 
gland, a salivary gland situated beneath the mu¬ 
cous membrane of the floor of the mouth on each 
side of the fragnum linguae and discharging by the 
rivinian ducts; glandula sublingualis*. S. nerve, 
a branch of the submaxillary ganglion supplying 
the sublingual gland and the floor of the mouth; 
nervus sublingualis*. S. saliva, saliva. S. 
ulcer, an ulcer on the fraenum of the tongue due 
to irritation by the lower incisor teeth r often pres¬ 
ent in whooping*cough. S. vein = ranine vein. 
sub-lin-gui'tis. Inflammation of the sublingual 
gland. 

sub-lo'bar. Situated under a lobe, 
sub-lob'u-lar. Beneath or at the base of a lobule. 
S. veins, branches of the hepatic vein into which 
the intralobular veins empty 
sub-lum'bar. Below the loins, 
sub-lux-a'tion. A partial dislocation in which the 
normal relation of the articulating surface is but 
slightly changed. ^ Sprain. 
sub-mal-le'o-lar. Below the malleoli. S. amputa¬ 
tion, amputation of the foot at the anklesjoint. 
sub-mam'ma-ry. Beneath the mammary gland. S. 
mastitis, paramastitis. 

sub-man-dib'u-lar ganglion. = SuBM.\xiLLAkv 
ganglion. 

sub-mar'gi-nal. Situated below or near a margin, 
sub-max-il'la. The inferior maxilla, 
sub-max-il-la-ri'tis. Mumps of the submaxillary. 
sub-max'il-la-ry. Beneath the jaw; relating to 
the lower jaw. S. artery, a branch of the facial 
artery supplying submaxillary parts. S. bone, 
the inferior maxilla: the mandible. S. duct 
Wharton’s canal. S. fossa, a depression on the 
internal surface of the body of the inferior max¬ 
illa, below the mylohyoid ridge, for lodging the 
submaxillary gland; fovea submaxillaris*. S. 
ganglion, a small, fusiform, reddish ganglion situ¬ 
ated between the mylohyoid and hyoglossus 
muscles, outside of the duct of Wharton; .sub¬ 
mandibular ganglion; lingual ganglion; ganglion 
submaxillare*. S. gland, a salivary gland situ¬ 
ated on the inner side of the ramus of the lower 
jaw and discharging into the mouth through 
the duct of Wharton; glandula submaxillaris*. 
S. region = suprahyoid region. S. saliva, m- 
SALIVA. S. triangle, an area between the middle 
line of the neck, the lower border of the inferior 
maxilla, the parotid gland, the mastoid process, 
the posterior belly of the digastric, and the sty¬ 
lohyoid. S. veins, veins from the submaxillary 
gland emptying into the facial vein, 
sub-max-il-li'tis. Inflammation of the .submaxillary 
gland. 

sub-me'di al. Beneath or near the middle, 
sub-mem'bra-nous. Moderately membranous, 
sub-me-nin'ge al. Below the meninges, 
sub-men'tal. Beneath the chin. S. artery, a 
branch from the facial artery in the submaxillary 
region, distributed to the surrounding muscles 
and integument; arieria submentalis*. S. region, 
the space just beneath the chin. S. vein, a 
branch of the facial vein accompanying the sub- 
mental artery; vena submentalis*. 

60 


sub-mer'sion. The act of placing or the condition 
of being under the surface of a liquid. 
sub-mes*a-ti-ce-phal'ic. Somewhat mesaticephalic; 

having a cephalic index of 75 to 79®. 
submis'sio cor'dis. The heart’s systole. [L.] 
sub-mor'phous. Intermediate between a crystalline 
and an amorphous substance, as a 5. calculus. 
sub-mu-co'sa. A submucous layer of areolar tissue; 
the second layer of the walls of the digestive 
tube, Submucous layer. [L.] 
sub-mu'cous. Beneath the mucous membrane; 
also partly composed of mucus. S. cystitis, in¬ 
flammation of the submucosa of the urinary 
bladder. S. layer, a layer of fibrosconnective 
tissue attaching mucous membranes to subjacent 
parts, as of the intestines, stomach, urethra, etc.; 
tela submucosa*. S. rale, a rale approaching a 
mucous rale in character. R.\le muqueux. 
S. septal resection. J. A. M. A. ij.’o6.] 
sub-mu'ri ate. A subchloride. 
sub-mus'cu-lar. Beneath a muscle, 
sub-nar-cot'ic. Moderately narcotic, 
sub-na^sal. Beneath the nose. S. point, the cen¬ 
tral point of the lower border of the orifice of 
the nose at the base (centre) of the nasal spine, 
sub-neu'ral. Beneath a nerve or the neural axis, 
sub-ni'trate. A nitrate with an excess of the basic 
element, as Bismuth s.^bi^tavtiu subnitras*. 
sub-no'dal. Beneath a node. 

sub-nor'mal. Less than normal, as S. temperature. 
sub-no-to-chor'dal. Beneath the notochord, 
sub-nu'cle us. A secondary nucleus, or a partial 
nucleus made by the division of a large nucleus, 
sub-oc-cip'i-tal. Under the occiput. S. angle, a 
craniometrical angle at Broca’s auricular point, 
between two lines, one to the posterior border of 
the occipital foramen, and the other to the ex¬ 
ternal occipital protuberance; cerebellar angle. 
S. fissure, an occasional fissure on the occipital 
convolution of the brain. S. glands, lymphatic 
glands near the lower part of the occipital bone. 
S. nerve, the first cervical nerve. S. triangle, 
the space bounded by the rectus capitis posticus 
major and the inferior and superior obliques. 
sub-oc-cip‘i-to-breg-mat'ic diameter. The distance 
from midway between the occipital protuberance 
and foramen magnum to the bregma, 
sub-oc'u-lar. Beneath the eye. S. region, the an¬ 
terior end of the temporosphenoidal lobe, 
sub-o-per'cu-lum. A cerebral convolution between 
the presylvian and subsylvian fissures; the 
orbital operculum, fsub-o-per'cu-lar. 
sub-op'tic. = Suborbital. 

sub-or'bi-tal, sub-or'bi-tar. Beneath the orbit. S. 
artery, the infrasorbital artery. S. canal = infra* 
orbital canal. S. fissure, the infra*orbital fis¬ 
sure. S. foramen, the anterior orifice of the in- 
fra*orbital canal. S. fossa, the canine fossa. S. 
nerve, a branch of the second part of the fifth 
nerve, passing under the orbit and out through 
the suborbital foramen. 

sub-ox'ide. That one of several oxides of the same 
base which contains the least oxygen, 
sub-ox-i-da-tion. Incomplete oxidation, 
sub-pap'il-la-ry network. The net*like layer of 
capillaries beneath the skin, 
sub-pap'u-lar rash. An indistinctly papular rash. 
sub*par-a-lyt'ic. Slightly paralytic, 
sub-pa-ri'e-tal. Below or beneath the parietal 
bones, convolution, or fissure. S. convolution, a 
convolution of the parietal lobe of the brain, 
bounded above by the intraparietal fissure, pos- 


SUBPATELLAR 


946 


SUBSPLENIAL 


teriorly by the paroccipital fissure, and continu¬ 
ous with the marginal and angular convolu¬ 
tions. S. sulcus, a small, inconstant sulcus run¬ 
ning back from the callosomarginal sulcus, 
sub-pa-tel'lar. Beneath or below the patella, 
sub-pec'to-ral. i. Beneath the chest. 2. Below 
the pectoral muscle. 

sub-pe-dun'cu-lar. i. Situated beneath a pedun¬ 
cle. 2. Having an imperfect peduncle. S. lobe, 
the flocculus. 

sub-per-i-car'di al. Beneath the pericardium, 
sub-per-i-cra'ni al. Beneath the pericranium, 
sub-per-i-os'te al. Beneath the periosteum. S. 
amputation, amputation in which the periosteum 
is slit up and the bone removed, so that a flap 
of periosteum is left to cover the cut end of the 
bone. S. blastema, the osteogenetic layer of the 
periosteum. S. resection, resection with the peri¬ 
osteum separated and preserved. 
sub-per*i-to-ne'al. Beneath the peritoneum. S. 
abscess, an abscess behind the peritoneum. S. 
artery, a branch of the common iliac artery dis¬ 
tributed to the subperitoneal fat. S. fascia or 
tissue, the layer of tissue which attaches the 
peritoneum to the surface which it covers. 
sub-per*i-to-ne‘osab-dom'i-nal. Situated beneath 
the abdominal peritoneum. 
sub-per*i-to-ne-o-pel'vic. Situated beneath the 
pelvic peritoneum. 

sub-per'so-nal. Having only slight individuality, 
sub-pe-trp'sal sinus. The inferior petrosal sinus, 
sub-pha-ryn'ge al. Beneath or below the pharynx, 
sub-phren'ic. Beneath the diaphragm, subdia- 
phragmatic; hypodiaphragmatic. S. abscess = 
SUBDIAPHRAGMATIC ABSCESS. S. pyopUCUmotho- 
rax, ra* SUBDIAPHRAGMATIC ABSCESS, 
sub-pi'al. Beneath the pia mater, 
sub-pla-cen'ta. = Decidua vera. 
sub-pleu'ral. Lying beneath the pleura. S. medi¬ 
astinal plexus, a minute plexus of arteries be¬ 
neath the pleura, formed by the mediastinal, 
pericardiac, and sternal arteries and branches 
from the intercostal and bronchial arteries, 
sub-plex'al. Beneath the cerebral plexus, 
sub-pon'tine. Below the pons varolii. S. arteries, 
branches of the basilar artery to the lower part 
of the pons varolii. 

sub-pre-pu'ti al. Situated beneath the prepuce. S. 
calculus. I. A mass of hardened smegma under 
the prepuce. 2. A deposit from urine retained 
under the prepuce in some cases of phimosis, 
sub-pros-tat'ic. Beneath the prostate gland, 
sub-pu'bic. Beneath the pubes. S. angle, the 
angle made by the union of the two pubic bones 
at the median line. S. arch, the arch formed by 
the junction of the ascending rami of the pubic 
bones. S. fascia, the triangular ligament of the 
urethra. S. hernia, obturator hernia. S. liga¬ 
ment, the triangular band beneath the symphysis 
pubis binding together the pubic bones. S. mem¬ 
brane, the obturator membrane, 
sub-pul'mo-na-ry. Situated beneath the lung, 
sub-py-ram'i-dal. Below a pyramid, or somewhat 
pyramidal. S. fossa, a fossa on the internal wall 
of the middle ear, behind the round window and 
below the pyramid. 

"ub-ret'i-nal. Beneath the retina. S. dropsy, de¬ 
tachment of the retina. 

sub-sa'cral. On the ventral side of the sacrum. S. 
artery, the lateral sacral artery. S. foramen, the 
anterior sacral foramen. 

sub-sal'i-cy-late. A basic salicylate, as Bismuth s. 


sub'salt. A basic salt; one which is partly oxide or 
hydroxide, as bismuth subcarbonate, 
sub-sar-to'ri al plexus. A nervesplexus situated at 
the posterior edge of the sartorius below the 
thigh, formed by branches of the obturator, long 
saphenous, and internal cutaneous nerves, 
sub-scap'u-lar. Beneath the scapula, or shoulder* 
blade. S. angle, the deepest part of the subscap¬ 
ular fossa, corresponding with the position behind 
the spine of the scapula. S. aponeurosis, the thin 
aponeurosis attached to the subscapular fossa and 
giving attachment to a portion of the subscapu- 
laris muscle. S. artery, a branch of the axillary 
artery supplying the scapular muscles and the 
latissimus dorsi; arieria subscapularis*. S. fossa, 
a broad concavity of the anterior surface of the 
scapula, occupied by the subscapular muscle, 
fossa subscapularis'^. S. glands, lymphatic glands 
along the course of the subscapular artery; lym- 
phoglandulae subscapulares*. S. groove, a furrow 
on the costal surface of the scapula, separated 
from the subscapular fossa by a ridge. S. muscle 
= SUBSCAPULARIS. S. nerves, three nerves de¬ 
rived from the posterior cord of the brachial 
plexus supplying respectively the subscapularis, 
the teres major, and the latissimus dorsi muscles, 
and distinguished as upper, lower, and middle or 
long; nervi subscapulares*. S. region = infra- 
scapular REGION. S. vein, the subscapular 
branch of the axillary vein, 
sub-scap-u-la'ris. “ Subscapular [muscle].” A mus¬ 
cle arising from all the internal surface of the 
scapula and inserted into the lesser tuberosity of 
the humerus; M. subscapularis*. It pulls the 
arm backward and downward. S. mi'nor, an 
occasional muscle arising on the axillary border 
of the scapula and inserted above the point of 
insertion of the teres major; infraspinatus secim- 
dus; subscapulohumeralis. sub-scap‘u-lo-hu-me- 
ra'lis. = Subscapularis minor. 
sub-scle-rot'ic. Situated beneath the sclerotic. S. 
dropsy, an accumulation of fluid between the 
choroid and sclerotic coats of the eye. 
sub-scrip'tion. That part of a prescription which 
gives the directions for compounding, 
sub-sep'tal fissure. A fissure on the cimeus be¬ 
tween the calcarine and collateral fissures, 
sub-sep'tate. Partially divided, 
sub-se'rous. i. Beneath a serous membrane. 2. 
Somewhat serous. S. cystitis, cystitis in which 
the subserous tissue of the bladder is chiefly in¬ 
volved. S. tissue, the tissue lying beneath a 
serous membrane; tela subserosa*. 
sub-sib'i-lant respiration. A muffled whistling 
sound over bronchi obstructed with mucus, 
sub-sid'i-a-ry. Tributary; furnishing assistance. 
S. centre, a centre which assists a principal 
centre, as in the case of the subsidiary centres 
to the respiratory centre. S. placenta = pla¬ 
centa SUCCENTURIATA. 

sub-sig'moid. Beneath a sigmoid cavity or the 
sigmoid flexure of the colon. S. fossa, a fossa 
included between the mesentery of the sigmoid 
flexure and that of the descending colon, 
sub'ssoil. A stratum of earth bounded above by 
the permeable surface layer and below by an 
impermeable layer. S.ss. water, ground water, 
sub-spi'nous dislocation of the humerus. Disloca¬ 
tion of the head of the humerus into the space 
below the spine of the scapula. S. fossa = in- 
FRASPINOUS FOSSA. 

sub-sple'ni al. Beneath the splenium, def. 3. 


SUBSTAGE 


947 


SUBUNGUIAL 


sub'stage. The pan of a microscope which is sit¬ 
uated below the stage, for the support of special 
illuminating and other accessory apparatus. 
Bub'stance. Essence; reality; matter; body; some¬ 
thing palpable, real, or substantial; substan¬ 
tia*. Specially named substances other than 
those given below and under substantia* are 
Contractile, Dotted, Gray, Ground?, Hcb- 
tnolytic ( = cytase), Haptophorous ( = toxoid), 
Immune (= amboceptor), Interfilar (= enchy- 
lema), Rovidas’s hyaline, Sarcous, Soemmer- 
gray (= substantia nigra). Stilling’s 
GELATINOUS, and Tigroid (t^ nerve?cell). S. of 
Nissl, Nissl’s bodies. Gelatinous s. of Ro¬ 
lando, cs- substantia gelatinosa. S. sensibili- 
satrice, Bordet’s term for the amboceptor of 
Ehrlich. [F.] White s. of Schwann = myelin. 
sub-stan'ti a*. A substance or body. S. adamanti'- 
na*, the enamel of the teeth. S. al'ba* = white 
substance. S. cineri'tia = substantia medul- 
laris*. S. compac'ta*, the compact substance of 
a bone. S. cortica'lis*. i. The substance which 
makes up the cortex or superficial part of an 
organ or gland, as of the lens of the eye, the 
cerebrum, lymphatic glands, etc. 2. The super¬ 
ficial part of the kidney, embracing about one* 
third of its thickness, and divided into the 
medullary rays and the labyrinth, in which lat¬ 
ter the malpighian bodies are embedded; cortex. 
S. ebur'nea*, the dentine of the teeth. S. fer- 
rugin'ea, “ ferruginous substance,” the pigmented 
nerve?cells of the locus caeruleus. S. gelatino'sa, 
the apparently homogeneous gelatinous substance 
within the gray matter of the cord. It covers 
the posterior horn ( 5 . gelatinosa [Rolandt]*) , and 
suiTounds the central canal (S. gelatinosa centra¬ 
lis or 5 . grisea centralis*). S. gelatino'sa [Rolan'- 
di]*, ly S. GELATINOSA. S. glandulo'sa = S. cor- 
TiCALis*. S. gri'sea* = GRAY MATTER. S. gri'sca 
centra'lis*, ts- S. gelatinosa. S. interme'dia, the 
part of the cerebellar substance between the cor¬ 
tex and the central gray matter. S. len'tis*, 
substance of the lens. S. medulla'ris*, the sub¬ 
stance composing the medulla of the kidney, 
principally made up of the malpighian or renal 
pyramids; medulla. S. ni'gra*, “black sub¬ 
stance,” the locus niger, situated within the cere¬ 
bral peduncles; Soemmering’s ganglion. S. os'- 
sea*, the cement of the teeth. S. perfora'ta 
ante'rior*, anterior perforated substance of sub¬ 
callosal convolution of posterior part of rhinen- 
cephalon, as of the medial surface of hemisphere. 
S. perfora'ta poste'rior*, posterior perforated sub¬ 
stance, as of the midbrain. S. pro'pria, the lam¬ 
ina propria of the tympanic membrane. S. pro'¬ 
pria cor'neae*, the connective?tissue parenchyma 
of the cornea. S. reticula'ris = reticular for¬ 
mation. S. reticula'ris al'ba*, a fine network of 
white fibres derived from the striae longitudinales 
laterales and covering the uncinate convolution. 
S. rubicun'da = S. corticalis*. S. spongio'sa*. 
I. The spongy substance of bone. 2. The spongy 
variety of the gray matter of the cerebrospinal 
axis, forming supporting substance of the gray 
matter; spongiosa. S. tubulo'sa = S. medulla- 
Ris*. S. vit'rea, the enamel of the teeth, 
sub'stan-tive disease. A disease whose phenomena 
are complete in themselves and are in relation 
with one single cause; a morbid entity. S. em¬ 
physema, a form marked by distention of the air? 
cells and atrophy of their walls, 
sub-ster'nal. Beneath the sternum, S. gland = 


STERNAL GLAND. S. tendemcss, tenderness upon 
pressure over the lower part of the sternum: said 
to be pathognomonic of constitutional syphilis, 
sub'sti-tol. A specially prepared dry fibrin, 
sub-sti-tu'tion. Replacing of one thing by another, 
as in the filling of a prescription; assumption of 
a function not customary. S. compound, a chem¬ 
ical compound formed theoretically by replacing 
one or more atoms in a molecule by other atoms 
or radicals, fsub'sti-tu-tive, making substitution; 
capable of being substituted as 5 . medication, the 
use of irritating agents to change the mode of 
inflammation in certain cases, so that an acute 
malady is substituted for a chronic one. 
sub-stra'tum. A lower stratum, 
sub-sul'phate. A basic sulphate, 
sub-sul'tus. A start or twitching. S. clo'nus or 
ten'dinum, “ starting, or leaping, of the tendons,” 
convulsive twitchings of the tendons of the hands 
or feet, common in low nervous and typhus fevers: 
scelotyrbe febrilis. fsub-sul'to-ry. 
sub-syl'vi an. i. An occasional fissure on the ven¬ 
tral surface of the frontal lobe of the brain. 2. 
The horizontal limb of the fissure of Sylvius, 
sub-sy-no'vi al. Within a synovial sac. S. cyst, a 
cystic enlargement within a synovial bursa, 
sub-tae'ni al. Situated below the teenia. 
sub-tar'sal. Beneath the tarsus, 
sub-teg'men for'nicis. The layer beneath the super¬ 
ficial longitudinal nerve?fibres of the fornix, 
sub-teg-u-men'tal. Subcutaneous, 
sub-tem'po-ral. Beneath the temple or any struct¬ 
ure or part termed temporal. S. convolution, the 
inferior temporal convolution. S. fissure, an 
occasional fissure in the inferior and middle tem¬ 
poral convolutions. S. point, the point of inter¬ 
section of the sphenotemporal suture and the in¬ 
fratemporal crest, 
sub-tep'id. Lukewarm. 

sub-tha-lam'ic. Beneath the thalamus opticus. S. 
body, ganglion, or nucleus = subthalamus. S. 
region, the portion of the tegmentum beneath the 
optic thalamus. S. tegmentum, an extension of 
the TEGMENTUM* beneath the thalamus, 
sub-thal'a-mus, sub-tha-lam'i-cum. A small, yel¬ 
lowish, spindle?shaped mass in the brain, just be¬ 
low the optic thalamus; corpus subthalamicum; 
subthalamic body, nucleus, or ganglion: nucleus 
amygdalaeformis; nucleus of Luys; nucleus hypo- 
thalamicus [corpus Luysi]*. 
sub-thy-roi'de us. A muscle formed by the con¬ 
junction of the superior and inferior portions of 
the thyro?arytenoid muscle, 
sub-ti'lis. Fine; subtle, Bacillus subtilis. 
sub-to'tal. Incomplete; as 5 . hysterectomy, in con¬ 
trast to panhysterectomy, 
sub-tra-pe'zi al. Situated below the trapezium. S. 
plexus, a nervesplexus situated under and sup¬ 
plying the trapezius muscle: formed by branches 
of the spinal accessory and the cervical plexus, 
sub-tro-chan-ter'ic. Situated beneath a trochanter. 
S. amputation, amputation of a thigh just below 
the trochanters. 

sub-troch'le ar. Situated below the trochlea, 
sub-tu'ber-al. Situated below a tuber, 
sub-tym-pan'ic sound. The peculiar low, muffled 
sound elicited by percussion over normal lung? 
tissue; the normal pulmonary sound, 
sub-u'ber-es. Children not yet weaned, 
sub-um-bil'i-cal space. A triangular space in the 
bodyscavity with its base at the navel, 
sub-un'gui al, sub-un'gual. Under a nail. 


SUBURETHRAL 


948 


SUDORIFIC 


sub-u-re'thral. Situated beneath the urethra. S. 
gland, Cowper’s gland. 

sub-vag'i-nal. Situated within a sheath or sheath¬ 
ing membrane, or below the vagina. S. space, 
a lymphsspace within the sheath of the optic 
nerve; intervaginal space, 
sub-ver'te-bral. i. Under a vertebra. 2. On the 
under or ventral side of the vertebral column, 
sub-vir'ile. Having deficient virility, 
sub-vit'ri-nal. Situated below the vitreous humor, 
sub-vo'la. The region between the second and 
fifth fingers. 

sub-vo-lu'tion. A method of treating a pterygium 
as by suturing the apex of the growth, 
sub-zo'nal. Beneath the zona pellucida. S. mem¬ 
brane, the false amnion. 
sub-zy-go-mat'ic. Below the zygoma, 
suc'ca-gogue. A drug which stimulates the secre¬ 
tory function, fsuc-ca-gog'ic. 
suc-ce-da'ne um. i , A medicine substituted for 
another of like properties. 2. An amalgam sub¬ 
stituted for gold as a toothsfilling. S. caput = 
CAPUT succEDANEUM. fsuc-ce-da'ne o«s. 
suc-cen-tu'ri ate. Accessory. S. placenta = pla¬ 
centa SUCCENTURIATA. 
suc'ci. The plural of suc'cus juice. [L.] 
suc'cin. = Amber. 

suc-ci-nam'ic acid. A white, crystalline substance, 
C4H7NO3, an amide of succinic acid, 
suc-cin-am'ide. A white, crystalline substance, 
C4HgN202, formed by the action of ammonia 
water on the ester of succinic acid, 
suc-cin'ic acid. An acid, C^HgO^, obtained from 
amber by dry distillation; acid of amber. It is a 
delicate reagent for separating red oxide of iron 
from compound metallic solution. S. fermenta¬ 
tion, fermentation of calcium malaie produced by 
the bacillus of alcoholic fermentation, and result¬ 
ing in the formation of succinic acid. tsuc'ci- 
nate, a salt of succinic acid with a base, 
suc-ci-nim'ide. A white, crystalline substance, 
C 4 H,N 02 . 

suc'ci-none. An oily liquid compound produced 
by the dry distillation of calcium succinate, 
suc-cin-o-ni'trile. Ethylene dicyanide, 
suc-cin-o-res'i-nol. A resinol from amber, 
suc'ci-num. = Amber. [< L. suc'cus juice.] 
suc-cor-rhoe'a. Excessive flow of secretions, as in 
ptyalism, etc. 
suc'co-ry. = Cichorium. 

suc'cu-ba. An imaginary female monster formerly 
supposed to cause nightmare in males, 
suc'cu-bus. An imaginary male monster formerly 
believed to cause nightmare in females. 

suc'cu-lent. Juicy. 

suc-cur'sal. Tributary to, as 5 . hospital. 
suc'cus*, pi. suc'ci. The juice of fruits, plants, roots, 
etc.; sap: also applied to certain animal fluids. 
In pharmacy, the expressed juice of a fresh plant 
preserved by the addition of alcohol. S. al'ter- 
ans, a proprietary vegetable compound for the 
treatment of syphilis. S. enter'icus* = intes¬ 
tinal juice. S. gas'tricus* = GASTRIC JUICE. S. 
inspissa'tus, the juice of a plant inspissated to the 
consistence of an extract. S. limo'nis cum pep- 
si'no, the N. F. name for a preparation containing 
pepsin, 256 grs.; water, 3 fl. ozs.; glycerin, 3 fl. 
ozs.; alcohol, fl. ozs.; purified talcum, 120 
grs.; and lime juice enough to make t6 fl. ozs. 
S. muscula'ris, muscle=plasma. S. nutri'tius, 
chyle. S. pancreat'icus = pancreatic JUICB. S. 
prostat'icus* = prostatic fluid, 


suc-cus'sion. Giving the trunk slight but sudden 
shakes, in order to produce fluctuation of a 
liquid suspected to exist within the chest or ab¬ 
domen, and so to ascertain its presence and 
quantity. S. sound or splash, a sound heard in 
the chest, when air or gas and fluid are present, 
when the patient is shaken; hippocratic sound, 
su’cho-losal-bu'min. A poisonous proteid for cul¬ 
tures of the bacillus of hog cholera; classified 
among the albumoses. 

su'cho-lo-tox'in. A poisonous principle from cul¬ 
tures of the bacillus of hog cholera, 
suck. To draw in, as a liquid; especially to feed 
from the breast, fsuck'ing, as S. bottle, a nurs¬ 
ing bottle: S. centre, a centre supposed to exist 
in the medulla oblongata controlling the act of 
sucking: and 5. pad or cushions, an aggregation 
of fatty lobules surrounded by a capsule over the 
buccinator muscles of children: so named because 
they are supposed to prevent the buccinator mus¬ 
cles from being pressed inward by atmospheric 
pressure between the alveolar arches when a 
vacuum is created in the mouth, 
suck'le. To nourish at the breast; to give suck to. 

fsuck'ling, a young child nursed at the breast, 
su-cram'ine. An amine derivative of saccharin, 
su'crate. A compound of sucrose with a base, 
su'crol. Paraphenetolcarbamide or dulcin: used as 
a sweetening for the food of diabetics, 
su'crose. = Saccharose. ^ Sugar. 
suc'tion. The act of sucking. S. of a cataract, re¬ 
moval by a syringe of the remains of the lens* 
substance after discission for cataract. S. curette, 
an instrument for removing a soft cataract by 
suction. S. plate, in dentistry, a plate so ar¬ 
ranged as to be held in place by atmospheric 
pressure; a pressure plate, fsuc-to'ri al. 
su-cu'pi-ra. =Bowdichia major. 
su-dam'i-na. Vesicles formed by retention of sweat, 
due to obstruction of the sweat-glands; miliaria 
crystallina. Prickly heat, fsu-dam'i-nal. 
su-dan' brown. A diazo-compound from alpha- 
naphthylamine with alphanaphthol: used as a fat 
dye. S. red = magdala red. S. [red] III, a diazo¬ 
compound from amino-azobenzene with beta- 
naphthol, CjzHjgN^O: used for staining fats and 
substances like wax, resin, cutin, etc. S. yellow 
G, a brown powder, metadioxy-azobenzene: used 
for coloring fats, fsu-dan-o-phil'i a. 
su-da'rium. = Sudatorium. [L.] 
su-da'tion. A sweating. 

su-da-to'ri a. A morbid sweating; ephidrosis. 
su-da-to'ri um. A sweating-bath or -room, 
su'da-to-ry. Belonging to perspiration or sweat. 

S. fever = anglicus sudor. [< L. sudato'rius.'\ 
su'dol. An antihidrotic of wool fat, glycerin, oil 
of wintergreen, and formaldehyde (3%). 
su'dor*. Sweat, or sensible perspiration; a sweat¬ 
ing; diaphoresis. S. anglica'nus or an'glicus 
= ANGLICUS SUDOR. S. cruen'tus, sweating of 
blood; haemathidrosis. S. dul'cis, saccharine per¬ 
spiration. S. lac'teus = galactidrosis. S. san- 
guin'eus = SUDOR cruentus. S. urino'sus, urin¬ 
ous sweating; uridrosis. [L.] fsu'do-ral, as 5 . 
typhoid, typhoid fever attended by sweating, 
chills, and fever, and simulating malaria, 
su-do-re'sis. Excessive sweating, 
su-do-rif'e-rous. Bearing sweat; serving to carry 
off sweat. S. gland = sudoriparous gland. 
su-do-rif'ic. Inducing or causing sweat; diapho¬ 
retic. S. centre, a spinal nerve-centre controlling 
diaphoresis. S. species = wood tea. 


SUDORIPAROUS 949 

Bu-do-rip'a-rous. Producing or secreting sweat. 

S. abscess, an abscess of a sweat-gland. ^ Hi- 
drosadenitis, S. gland, a sweat-gland consist- 
ing of a minute tube, coiled up in a globular 
form, situated in the subcutaneous areolar tissue 
and connected by means of a duct with the sur¬ 
face of the skin; glandula sudorifera’^. 
su et. The fat from the abdominal cavity of a 
ruminant animal, especially the sheep or the ox. 
CB“SeVUM PR^PARATU.M*. 

suf-fi-men turn, pi. sujfimen'ta. A perfume that is 
burned or smoked; a suffiment. 
suf-fi'tus. Fumigation. [L.] 
suf-fo-ca'ti o hyster'ica or uteri'na. The globus 
hystericus; hysterical or uterine suffocation. S. 
muli'erum, hysteria. S. strid'ula, quinsy, 
suf-fo-ca'tion. The act of suffocating; death or 
suspended animation from privation of breath; 
cessation or stoppage of the breath. The term 
suffocation is sometimes employed as synonymous 
with asphyxia. In the strict medicolegal sense 
it signifies asphyxia induced by obstruction of 
the respiration otherwise than by direct pressure 
on the neck (hanging, strangulation) or by sub¬ 
mersion (drowning), fsuf-fo-ca-tive, as 5. catarrh, 
asthma, and 5 . laryngitis, diphtheria, 
suf-frag'i-nis. The large pastern bone of the 
horse. [L.] 

suf-fra'go. The hock or heel of a horse’s hind leg. 
suf-fu-mi-ga'tion. Literally, a “fumigation from 
beneath”; hence, simply, fumigation, 
suf-fu'sion. The spreading over of a fluid; super¬ 
ficial hemorrhage; the pouring of a fluid in con¬ 
siderable quantities over a person. S. of blood, 
diffuse superficial extravasation of blood under 
the surface of tissues, especially traumatic sub¬ 
acute hemorrhages of the skin, 
sugar. I. = Saccharum*. 2. A carbohydrate of 
a sweetish taste, widely distributed among plants, 
and occurring as cane-s., glucose, inosite, and 
lactose. Specially named varieties of sugar are 
Barlex-, Beets, Brains (= cerebrose). Cane-, 
Diabetic, FruiU ( — fructose). Grapes ( = glu¬ 
cose),(= inosite). Invert-, Liver-, Malu 
{= maltose), Meat (= inosite). Mucins (= lev- 
ulose). Muscle^ (= inosite), and Starch:^ ( = 
glucose). Acid of s., and Essence of s., names 
for oxalic acid. S.scoated, coated or covered 
with sugar. S. drops, congealed drops of melted 
sugar impregnated with a volatile oil; sugar loz¬ 
enges; pastilles; rotulae. S. of gelatin = glyco- 
COLL. S.shouse eczema, a variety of eczema 
sometimes observed in those working in sugar- 
houses, etc. S.siced liver = perihepatitis 
CHRONICA HYPERPLASTic.A. S. of lead, the com¬ 
mon name of plumbi acetas*. S.sloaf cornea 
= STAPHYLOMA CORNER, dcf. I. S.sloaf Stump, 
a conical-pointed stump, caused by extreme 
muscular retraction, or, in a young person, 
growth of the bone, after amputation; coni¬ 
cal stump. S. lozenges = S. drops. S. maple = 
Acer saccharinum. S. of milk = lactose ; 

s.\ccHARUM LACTis*. S. pastilles, a kind of 

troche made by mixing sugar and a medicinal 
substance, moistening with alcohol, and compress¬ 
ing; compressed tablets; pastilli. S.=puncture = 
diabetic puncture. S. teat, a bag containing 
sugar, somewhat resembling a woman’s teat; 
given to an infant to quiet it. 
sug'a-rine. Methyl benzosulphinidum*. 
sug-ges'tion. Production in a person of a condi¬ 
tion or state by suggesting it to him. Auto- 


SULCUS 

suggestion; hypnotic s.; posthypnotic s.; 
TRAUMATIC s. S.=therapy, the employment of 
hypnotic suggestion in the treatment of disease. 
tsug*ges-ti-bil'i-ty, a condition of especial sus¬ 
ceptibility to suggestion. sug-ges'tible. sug- 
ges'tion-ist. sug-ges'tion-ize. sug-ges'tive. 
sug-gil-la'tion. A bruise; an ecchymosis; the mark 
left by a leech or a cupping-glass ; also livid 
spots of various size noticed on dead bodies. ^ 
Suffusion, fsug'gil-lat-ed. 
su'i-cide. The voluntary taking of one’s own life; 

one who has killed himself. tm- Felo de se. 
suint. Impure wool fat. 
suites de couches (siiit de cush). = Lochia. 
sul'cal artery. A branch of the anterior spinal artery 
occupying the anterior median fissure of the spi¬ 
nal cord and giving off branches which supply the 
gray substance of the cord, 
sul'cate, sul'ca-ted. Having deep lines lengthwise; 

furrowed; grooved. [< L. sulca're to furrow.] 
sul'ci, gen. sulco'rum. The plural of sulcus. 
sul'ci-form fossa. = Sinus sulciformis. 
suFco-com-mis-su'ral arteries. Branches of the sul¬ 
cal artery to the anterior horns of gray matter of 
the spinal cord. 

sul'cu-lus. A small sulcus. [L. dim. of sul'cus.] 
sul'cus. A groove, furrow, or trench; applied in 
the plural {sul'ci) to grooves on the surface of the 
brain, bones, and other organs, but especially to 



Laterat. View of Left Human Brain. — F. Frontal 
lobe. P. Parietal lobe. T. Temporal lobe. S. Fissure 
of Sylvius. S'. Horizontal, S". Ascending ramus of the 
same. c. Sulcus centralis. A. Anterior, B. Posterior 
central convolution. Fi. Superior, F2. Middle, Fs. 
Inferior frontal convolution, fi. Superior, f2. Inferior 
frontal sulcus, fs. Precentral sulcus. Pi. Superior 
parietal lobule. P2. Inferior parietal lobule, including 
P2, supramarginal gyrus. P2'. Angular gyrus, ip. In¬ 
terparietal sulcus, cm. Termination of the calloso- 
marginal fissure. Oi. First, O2. Second, O3. Third oc¬ 
cipital convolution, po. Parieto-occipital fissure, o. 
Transverse occipital sulcus. 02. Inferior longitudinal 
occipital sulcus. Ti. First, T2. Second, Tj. Third 
temporal convolution, ti. First, t2. Second temporal 
fissure. 

fissures of the brain. ^ Fissura. The sulci or 
fissures of the brain are Adoccipital, Amygdaline, 
Anterior, Anteroparietal, Antorbital, Arcuate, Ba~ 
sirhinal, Basisylvian, Bichat's, Broca’s, Calcarine, 
Callosal, Callosomarginal, Central, Choroidal, Cir- 
cuminsular, Clevenger’s, Collateral, Dentate, Eck- 
er’s, Ectoccipital, Ectofrontal, Ectorrhinal, Ectosyi- 
vian, Ectotentorial, Entoccipital, Entolamhdoid, Erd- 
orbital, Entorrhinal, Episylvian, Falcial, Fimbrtai, 




SULCUS 


950 


SULCUS 


Frontal, Frontomarginal, Glaserian, Glenoid, Hip¬ 
pocampal, Horizontal, Hyposylvian, Inferolateral, 
Inflected, Infra^orhital, Insular, Intercerebral, In- 
tergyral, Interhemispheral, Interlobar, Intermedian, 
Inter palpebral. Interparietal, Interpeduncular, Jen¬ 
sen's, Lambdoid, Lateral, Limbic, Longitudinal, 
Marginal, Maxillary, Medial, Mediofrontal, Medi- 
temporal, Meso-exognathic, Midfrontal, Midgracile, 
Midoccipital, Midorbital, Occalcarine, Occipital, 
Occipitotemporal, Olfactory, Orbital, Orbitojrontal, 
Pansch’s, Paracentral, Parallel, Parietal, Parieto^ 
occipital, Paroccipital, Perpendicular, Petrobasi- 
lar, Petroso==angular, Petrosquamosal, Petrotym¬ 
panic, Paste ale arine. Postcentral, PosteroHnter- 
mediary. Posterolateral, Posteromedian, Postfrontal, 
Posthippocampal, Postoccipital, Postorbiial, Post- 
paroccipital, Postseptal, Postsylvian, Precentral, 
Precuneal, Pre^occipital, Pre^^orbital, Preparoc- 
cipital, Presylvian, Pterygoid, Pterygomaxillary, 
Pterygopalatine, Reil’s, Reticular, Rhinal, Rolan¬ 
do's, Sagittal, Schwalbe's. Semilunar, Septal, 
Sphenoidal, Splenial, Subcentral, Subfalcial, Sub- 
frontal, Suboccipital, Suborbital, Subparietal, Sub- 
septal, Subsylvian, Subtemporal, Superior, Super- 
callosal, Supercentral, Superfrontal, Superoccipi- 
tal, Superseptal, Supersylvian, Supra^orbital, Syl¬ 
vian, Temporal, Temporos^occipital, Temporosphe- 
noidal. Tentorial, Transinsular, Transtemporal, 
Transverse, Triradiate, Uncinate, Wernicke's, Wil¬ 
der's, and Zygomaticosphenoid. S. ad aquaeduc'- 
tum vestib'uli = sinus sulciformis. S. ampulla'- 
ris*, a transverse groove on the membranous am¬ 
pullae of the membranous labyrinth, which the 
ampullary nerve enters. S. anthel'icis transver'- 
sus*, the transverse groove of the anthelix. S. 
aor'ticus, the impression made by the descending 
aorta on the mediastinal surface of the left lung, 
S. arcua'tus praecu'nei, an occasional fissure on 
the mesial surface of the cerebral hemisphere, be¬ 
tween the parietal gyrus and the gyrus fornicatus. 
S. arte'ria occipitalis*, a groove in the mastoid 
part of temporal bone for the occipital artery. S. 
arte'ria tempora'lis me'diae, a groove in the tem¬ 
poral squama of the temporal bone for middle tem¬ 
poral artery, S. arte'ria vertebra'lis*, a groove 
in the atlas for the vertebral artery. Sul'ci ar- 
terio'si*, grooves upon the inner surfaces of the 
cranial bones for the reception of arteries. S. au- 
ric'ulae poste'rior*, the posterior sulcus of auricle. 
S. basila'ris*, the median furrow on the pons 
varolii which accommodates the basilar artery. 
S. bicipita'lis, the bicipital groove of the humerus. 
S. bicipita'lis latera'lis* and media'lis*, grooves 
between the biceps and triceps muscles in which 
lie the brachial vessels and median nerve. S. cal- 
lo' sus, a fissure between the corpus callosum and 
the gyrus fornicatus. S. canalic'uli mastoi'dei*, 
a sulcus in the petrous part of the temporal 
bone for the mastoid canaliculus. S. carot'icus* 
= CAVERNOUS GROOVE. S. centra'lis in'sulae 
= TRANSINSULAR FISSURE. S. ccntra'lis [Ro- 
lan'di]* = Rolando’s fissure. S. chias'matis* 
= OPTIC GROOVE. S. choroi'deus. i. A groove 
on the superior surface of the optic thalamus, 
extending from the anterior tubercle outward 
and backward and corresponding to the attach¬ 
ment of the choroid plexus. 2. The fissure of the 
embryonal brain through which the invagination 
of the choroidal plexus takes place. S. cin'guli*= 
CALLOSOMARGINAL FISSURE. S. circula'ris [Rei'li]*, 
the circular sulcus of Reil, a slitslike groove run¬ 
ning between the island of Reil and the operculum. 


S. COrona'riuS* = AURICULOVENTRICULAR GROOVE 

S. cor'poris callo'si* — callosal fissure. S. cor'-* 
porum quadrigemino'rum longitudina'lis, the me¬ 
dian longitudinal furrow on the upper surface of 
the corpora quadrigemina, S. cor'porum quadri¬ 
gemino'rum transver'sus, the transverse sulcus 
separating the nates from the testes of the brain. 
S. cos'tae* or costa'lis, a groove along the inner 
surface of the posterior part of the body of a rib 
for the intercostal vessels and nerve; subcostal 
groove. S. cru'ris hel'icis*, the groove of the 
crus of the helix: as of the external ear. sul'ci 
cu'tis*, the grooves of skin, S. digita'tus, a fis¬ 
sure on the floor of the descending cornu of the 
lateral ventricle, between the eminentia collater- 
alis and the hippocampus major. S. ethmoida'lis* 
= ETHMOIDAL FISSURE. S. extrc'mus, an occa¬ 
sional vertical furrow on the median surface of 
the cerebral hemisphere, near the occipital end of 
the calcarine fissure. S. fronta'lis infe'rior* = 
suBFRONTAL FISSURE. S. fronta'Us supe'rior* = 
SUPERFRONTAL FISSURE. S. glutaCUS* = GLU¬ 
TEAL FURROW. S. gra'cilis, a sulcus between the 
slender lobe and part of the posterior lobe of the 
cerebellum. S. habe'nae or haben'ulae, a small 
fissure on the upper surface of the optic thala¬ 
mus, S. hippocam'pi, the hippocampal fissure, 
S. hypothalam'icus [Monro'i]* = S. of Monro. 
S. infrasorbita'lis* = iNFRAsORBiTAL groove. S. 
infrapalpebra'lis*, a gutterslike groove bounding 
the lower eyelid. It begins at the inner angle of 
the eye and passes lateralward and downward to 
a point somewhat above the infrasorbital margin. 
S. interme'dius = TRANSVERSE fissure, def. i. S. 
interme'dius ante'rior* and poste'rior*, para¬ 
median SULCUS. S. inter'nus oli'vae, the up¬ 
ward extension of the anterolateral sulcus of 
the spinal cord, passing by the median ridge 
of the olivary body. S. interparieta'lis*, a 
sulcus between the superior and inferior parie¬ 
tal lobules, S. intertubercula'ris* = bicipital 
GROOVE. S. jacobso'ni, a small groove on the 
promontory of the middle ear, lodging branches 
of the tympanic plexus. S. lacrima'lis*, a 
groove of the external surface of the lachrymal 
bone in front of the crista lachrymalis lodging 
the lachrymal sac. This groove is continuous 
with the lachrymal groove of the maxilla. S. la¬ 
tera'lis dorsa'lis = POSTEROLATERAL GROOVE. S. 
latera'lis posti'cus = posterior lateral fissure. 
S. lim'itans, the depression between the corpus 
striatum and the optic thalamus. S. longitudina'¬ 
lis ante'rior* and poste'rior*, the anterior and the 
posterior interventricular grooves of the heart. S. 
longitudina'lis os'sis fronta'lis = frontal sulcus. 
S. ma'tricis un'guis*, the groove of the matrix of 
the nail. S. media'nus lin'guae*, the median 
sulcus of the tongue. S. mentolabia'lis* = men- 
TOLABiAL FURROW. S. of Monro, a vertical 
cleft at the anterior and lower part of the 
third ventricle of the brain, from which diverge 
the foramina of Monro establishing communica¬ 
tion with the lateral ventricles; 5 . hypothalami- 
cus [Monroi]*. S, mus'culus flex'oris hallu'cis 
lon'gi*, the groove on the ankle bone and heel 
bone for the long flexor muscle of the great toe. 
S. mus'culus peronae'i*, a groove on the cuboid 
and heel bone for the peroneal muscle. S. mylo- 
hyoi'deus*= mylohyoid furrow. S. nasolabia'- 
lis*, a furrow separating the region of the mouth 
from the cheek. S. ner'vus oculomoto'rii* = S. 
ocuLOMOTORii. S. ner'vus petro'si superficia'lis 


SULFO- 


951 


SULPHO- 


majo^ris*, the groove for the greater superficial 
petrosal nerve in the petrous part of temporal 
bone. S. ner'vus petro'si superficia'lis mino'ris*, 
the groove for the lesser superficial petrosal 
nerve in the petrous part of temporal bone. S. 
ner'vus radia'lis* = MuscuLospiRAL groove. S. 
ner'vus spina'lis*, the groove for spinal nerve in 
the vertebral column. S. ner'vus ulna'ris, the 
groove for ulnar nerve on the humerus. S. ob- 
turato'rius* = oBTURATOR GROOVE. S. occipita'- 
lis = OCCIPITAL FISSURE. S. oculomoto'iii, a 
sulcus on the median side of the crus cerebri 
from which the third nerve issues. S. olfacto'rius* 
= OLFACTORY FISSURE. S. Otbita'lis* = ORBITAL 
FISSURE. S. postcentra'lis =: postcentral fis¬ 
sure. S. postoliva'ris, a furrow on the side of the 
medulla oblongata by the side of the olivary 
body. S. praecentra'lis* = PRECENTRAL fissure. 
S. promonto'rii*, a groove on the promontory of 
the tympanum for the reception of tympanic 
plexus. S. pterygopalati'nus* = PTERYGOPALA¬ 
TINE groove. S. pulmona'lis* = pulmonary 
GROOVE. S. rec'tus = OLFACTORY FISSURE. S. 
sagitta'lis* = SAGITTAL GROOVE. S. scle'rae* = 
SCLERAL SULCUS. S. sigfmoi'dcus*, a deep groove 
on the internal surface of the mastoid portion of 
the temporal bone in which the lateral sinus lies. 
S. spira'lis*, a groove in the spiral crest of the 
cochlea of the ear; spiral sulcus. S. subcla'viae* 
= SUBCLAVIAN SULCUS, del. 2. S. subparfeta'lis* 
= SUBPARIETAL SULCUS. S. triradia'tus = trira- 
DiATE SULCUS. S. tympan'icus*, the groove in 
the petrous part of the temporal bone which re¬ 
ceives the membrana tympani. [L.] 

SUl'fo-. =SuLPHO-. 

sul-lac'e-tin. A potassiosodium compound of 
pyrocatechinmonoacetic and guaiacolsulphonic 
acids: antitubercular. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (8 gr.). 
sulph-ac'id. An acid in which the place of oxygen 
is taken by sulphur. 

sulph'aem-o-glo'bin. = Sulphmeth^moglobin. 
sulph’aem-o-glo-bi-nae'mi a. The presence of sulph- 
methaemoglobin in the blood, 
sulph-al'de-hyde. An oil with a disagreeable smell, 
obtained by treating an aqueous solution of 
ethylic aldehyde with sulphuretted hydrogen; 
thio*acetaldehyde; thiosaldehyde: a hypnotic, 
sul-pham'i-nol. A yellow powder, CjgHgNOgS, or 
thioxydiphenylamine, without taste or odor: it is 
antiseptic and absorbent. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). 
sul-pha-nil'ic acid. A crystalline substance, CgH^- 
NSO3, slightly soluble in water: used to prevent 
iodism and in Ehrlich’s reaction, 
sul-phar'sin. A colorless, inflammable liquid, 
(CH3)2A.S2S, with a fetid odor, 
sul'phate, sul'phas. A combination of sulphuric acid 
with a base; a salt of sulphuric acid. Acid s., a 
sulphate in which only one*half the hydrogen is 
replaced by the base; a bisulphate. Basic s., a 
compound in which the normal sulphate of a 
base is combined with the hydrate or oxide of 
the same base; a subsulphate. Conjugate or ethe¬ 
real s., the sulphate, as in the urine, which is in 
organic combinations such as indoxyl potassium 
sulphate, CgHgNKSO^: usually about of the 
urinary sulphate, the remainder being the Neutral 
or preformed sulphates of inorganic bases, ts- Sul¬ 
phur, NEUTRAL. Normal or neutral s., a sulphate 
in which all the hydrogen of the acid is replaced 
by a base. Conjugate s. Preformed s., &■ 
conjugate s. S. of quinine = QUININE sulphas*. 
S. of 2inc=ziNci SULPHAS*, fsul'pha-ted, con¬ 


verted into a salt by combination with sulphuric 
acid. 

sul'pha-tine. A proprietary insecticide containing 
the oxides of copper and calcium, sulphur, and 
sulphuric acid. 

sulphdch-thy-ol'ic acid. The principal constituent 
of ichthyol. Several of its salts are recommended 
for use in diabetes, cystitis, and nephritis. 

sul'phide. A combination of sulphur with a base 
or radical. 

sul-phin-di-got'ic acid. An acid, CgHsNO.SOa, 
formed by the action of sulphuric acid on indigo, 
t&ul-phin-dig'o-tate. 

sul'phine. A dull, yellow powder used in dyeing; 
aureoline; primulin yellow. 

sul'phi-nide. = Benzosulphinidum*. 

sul'phite, sul'phis. A combination of sulphurous 
acid with a base. 

sulph*meth-aem-o-glo'bin. A compound formed by 
the action of hydrogen sulphide upon blood; 
sulphaemoglobin. 

sul'pho-. Relating to or containing sulphur; sulfo-: 
a combining form. [< L. sul'phur.] sul-phos 
ac'id, an acid in which the carbon or oxygen can 
be displaced by sulphur.— sul-pho=a'zo-tized, 
containing sulphur and nitrogen.— sul-pho-car'- 
ba-mide == thiosUrea. — sul-pho-car'bol = sul- 
PHOCARBOLic ACID. — sul-pho-car'bo-late, any 
one of a group of salts formed by heating to¬ 
gether pure carbolic and sulphuric acids, diluting 
with water, and saturating with the base; sul- 
phophenate. The sulphocarbolates of calcium, 
magnesium, potassium, sodium, and zinc have 
been employed in therapeutics as antiseptic and 
antipyretic agents. Soon phenolsulphonas*. 
— sul’pho-car-bol'ic acid, a soluble crystalline 
substance, C6HgS04 = C6H4(0H)(S020H), ob¬ 
tained by dissolving one part of crystallized car¬ 
bolic acid in an equal weight of strong sulphuric 
acid; sulphocarboT, sulphophenoT, phenolsul- 
phonic acid. It is antiseptic and disinfectant.— 
suhpho-car-bon'ic acid, carbon disulphide, fsul- 
pho-car'bo-nism, poisoning with carbon disul¬ 
phide.— suhpho-cy-an'ic acid, thiocyanic acid, 
HSCN, a colorless liquid, with vinegar=like odor; 
rhodanic acid. It forms salts called Sulphocya- 
nates or Thiocyanates, fsul-pho-cy'a-nate. — sul'- 
phoid, colloidal sulphur, a grayishswhite powder, 
yielding a milky liquid with water: used in 
alopecia, etc.— suhphosin-di-got'ic acid = suL- 
PHiNDiGOTic ACID. — sul-pho-lc'ic or sul-pho-Un'ic 
acid, a substance produced by the action of sul¬ 
phuric acid upon oils, and sometimes substi¬ 
tuted for vaseline.— sul-pho-lith'in, a proprietary 
remedy, J. A. M. A. ij. ’06.] — sul'pho-nal = 
SULPHOMETHANUM*. fsul'pho-na-lism, the toxic 
effects of sulphonal.— sul-pho-naph'tha-lene, a 
compound, S02 (C,qH.j) 2, formed by treating 
naphthalene with sulphuric anhydride. — sul- 
pho-naph'thol, a proprietary antiseptic.— sul'- 
phone, a compound containing the group (SO2), 
thus diethylsulphone is (C2H5)2S02.— sul-phon'ic 
acid, a compound containing the group (SO2.OH) 
and derived from sulphuric acid, OH.SO2.OH, 
by abstraction of (OH), thus phenolsulphonic 
acid is CeH4(0H)-(S02.0H).— suhphon-eth-yl- 
meth'a-num*, sulphonethylmethane or diethyl- 
sulphonemethylethylmethane, C8HjgS204, a prod¬ 
uct of the oxidation of the mercaptol obtained 
by the condensation of methylethylketone with 
ethylmercaptan; trional: used as a hypnotic 
and sedative. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.).— sul-phon- 


SULPHUGATOR 


952 


SULPHYDRAL 


meth'a-num*, sulphomethane, sulphonal, or di- 
ethylsulphonedimethylmethane, CYH,gS204, the 
product of the oxidation of mercaptol obtained 
by the condensation of acetone with ethylmer- 
captan. It is a crystalline substance, soluble in 
alcohol and somewhat in water, and is used as a 
hypnotic, sedative, and antihidrotic. Dose, i 
Gm. (15 grs.).— sul'pho-pa-ral'de-hyde, a crys¬ 
talline hypnotic, (€411482)3.— sul-pho-phe'nate = 

SULPHOCARBOLATE.- SUl-pho-phc'nol = SULPHO- 

CARBOLic ACID. — sul-pho-py'rine, a proprietary 
remedy said to be a mixture of 86.5% of anti- 
pyrine and 13.5% of sulphanilic acid. Dose, 
0.5 Gm, (7^ grs.).— sul*pho-ri-cin'ic or sul-pho- 
ri-cin-o-lin'ic acid, a syrupy liquid obtained 
from castor oil by the action of sulphuric acid: 
used in ozaena, skin diseases, etc.— sul'pho-sal- 
i-cyl'ic acid = salicylsulphonic acid. — sul'pho- 
salt, a compound both elements of which contain 
sulphur, forming with one an acid, with the other 
a base.— sul'pho-sot, a proprietary preparation 
of potassium creasote sulphonate: antitubercu¬ 
lous. Dose, 0.3 to 1.3 Gm. (5 to 20 grs.).— 
sul-pho=u're a = THio*UREA. — sul-pho-vin'ic or 
sulph-e-thyl'ic acid, a compound formed by the 
action of sulphuric acid on alcohol. It is an oily 
liquid of a sour taste. Ethyl sulphuric acid. 
— sul-phox'ism, sulphuric acid poisoning, 
sul'phu-ga-tor. A roll of muslin impregnated with 
sulphur: used for fumigating purposes, 
sul'phur, gen. sul'phuris, pi. sul'phura. A non® 
metallic element existing in various forms: sp. 
gr., from 1.96 to 2.05; at. wt., 31.83; symb., S. 
It occurs naturally as a brittle, crystalline sub¬ 
stance having a resinous lustre. When obtained 
by sublimation from the crude substance, it is 
called Sublimed s. or Flowers of s. (= sulphur 
SUBLIMATUM*) when obtained by washing. 
Washed s. ( = sulphur lotum*) ; and when by 
precipitating an alkaline sulphide with an acid. 
Precipitated s. or Milk of s. (= sulphur pr^- 
ciPiTATUM*). Refined sulphur is used as a lax¬ 
ative, diaphoretic, and resolvent, and is also much 
employed, both internally and externally, in 
cutaneous affections, especially in scabies, for 
which it is regarded as a specific. Dose, 0.65 Gm. 
(10 grs.), or as a laxative, 4 to 12 Gm. (i to 3 drs.). 
S. acid, an acid in which sulphur replaces the 
oxygen of the acid radical; thio^acid. S. alcohol 
= MERCAPTAN. S. antimonia'tum fus'cum, pre¬ 
cipitated sulphuret of antimony. S. balsam, bal¬ 
sam made by dissolving i part of sulphur in 8 
parts of olive oil or linseed oil. S.=bath, a bath 
containing potassium sulphide: used in scrofu¬ 
lous conditions. S. bodies, colonies of ray^fungi. 
S. confection, a mixture of sulphur and cream of 
tartar with sugar or syrup: used as a laxative. 
Dose, 4 to 8 Gm. (i to 2 drs.). S. dioxide, a gas, 
SO2, with a pungent, suffocating odor, produced 
by the combustion of sulphur in the air. It has 
a strong affinity for oxygen, and is therefore de¬ 
structive to lower forms of animal life, by depriv¬ 
ing them of oxygen. Used as a germicide and 
disinfectant. It combines with water to form 
Sulphurous acid. S. ether, an ether in which sul¬ 
phur replaces oxygen; a thiosether. S. hydride 
= hydrogen disulphide. S. iodide == sulphu- 
Ris lODiDUM*. S. lo'tum*, “ washed sulphur,” a 
fine citron*yellow powder, without odor or taste, 
prepared by treating sublimed sulphur with water 
of ammonia and water. Dose, 4 Gm. (60 grs.). 
Neutral s., the unoxidized sulphur of such com¬ 


pounds as cystin. Sulphate. S. ni'grum or 
vi'vum, impure native sulphur. S. praecipita'- 
tum*, “ precipitated sulphur,” a fine, amorphous, 
yellow powder prepared by chemical precipita¬ 
tion of sulphur from a solution of one of its 
compounds. Dose, 4 Gm. (60 grs.). S. rotun'dum, 
“ round sulphur,” a name for roll brimstone. S. 
sublima'tum*, sublimed sulphur which is wholly 
volatilized by heat. Dose, 4 Gm. (60 grs.). S. 
vaporsbath, the fumes from burning sulphur, 
sometimes used for scrofula and scabies. S. water, 
a mineral water which contains sulphur. [L.] 
sul-phu'ra in. =Glairin. 

sul-phu-ra'ri a. A sediment from certain springs: 
used in skin diseases and said to contain sulphur 
and mineral salts. 

sul'phu-ra-ted. Combined with sulphur. S. anti¬ 
mony = antimonium suLPHURATUM. S. lime = 
CALX SULPHURATA*. S. linseed oil = THIOLINIC 
ACID. S. oil == BALSAM OF SULPHUR. S. potassa 
= potassa SULPHURATA. [< L. sulphura'tus, fr. 
sul'phur.^ 

sul-phu-ra'tion. The state of a simple substance 
combined with sulphur; also the act of combin¬ 
ing sulphur with another body, 
sul-phu-re'a. =Thiosurea. 

sul-phuTe ous. Belonging to, or having the qual¬ 
ities of, sulphur. S. waters, t®- mineral waters. 
sul'phu-ret. = Sulphide. 

sul'phu-ret-ted. Made into a sulphuret, or com^ 
bined with sulphur. S. bath, a bath containing 
a sulphide of an alkali: used in the treatment of 
eczema, etc. S. hydrogen, hydro sulphuric acid, 
a noxious gas, HgS, consisting of hydrogen and 
sulphur and prepared by acting on FeS with sul¬ 
phuric acid: used as a reagent and formerly as a 
rectal injection in phthisis. ts~ Pyrites. 
sul-phu'ric. Relating to sulphur: applied to an 
acid obtained from it. S. acid, a limpid, colorless, 
and caustic fluid, H2SO4, containing not less 
than 92.5% by weight of absolute sulphuric acid; 
acidum sulphuricum*. It is intensely acid in all 
its characters, even when largely diluted. It is 
used as an astringent in cholera and diarrhoea, in 
lead colic, and in the nightssweats of phthisis. 
Aromatic s. acid = acidum sulphuricum aro- 
MATicuM*. Commercial s. acid contains 91% of 
the pure acid, and is known as oil of vitriol. Con¬ 
centrated s. acid contains 92.5 to 98% of the pure 
acid. Diluted s. acid = acidum dilutum sul¬ 
phuricum*. S.s;acid lemonade, a sweetened solu¬ 
tion of sulphuric acid. S.sacid mixture, a mixture 
of sulphuric acid with three times its volume of 
alcohol. S. caustic, a caustic composed of strong 
sulphuric acid made into a paste with lint, plaster 
of Paris, etc. S. ether, c®- ether. S. peroxide = 
PERSULPHURIC OXIDE. 

sul-phu-rif'e-rous. Bearing or containing sulphur, 
sul'phu-rine. A proprietary preparation of some 
of the higher sulphides of sodium and potassium 
with sulphur. 

sul-phu'ris iod'idum*. Sulphur iodide, prepared by 
treating washed sulphur with iodine, 
sukphu-ri-za'tion. =Sulphuration. tsul'phurize. 
sal-phu-ro'sa. A class of resolvent spanaemics, in¬ 
cluding sulphur, the alkaline sulphurets, etc. 
sul'phu-rous. Of the nature of sulphur, or contain¬ 
ing sulphur: applied to an acid obtained from it. 
S. acid == ACIDUM sulphurosum*. S. anhydride 
= sulphur DIOXIDE. 

sul'phu-ryl. The radical, SOj, of sulphuric acid, 
sulph-y'dral. A proprietary antiseptic. 


SUPERFICIAL 


SULPHYDRATE 


•ulph-y'drate. A combination of a base with SH. 
or sulphydryl. 

sulph-y'dric acid. —Sulphuretted hydrogen. 
sulph-y'dril. The radical HS-. 

Sum. I. Abbr. for L. su'nte, take; sunten'dus, to 
be taken; su'fnat, let him take; sutna'tur, let it 
be taken; suntan'tur, let them be taken. 2. 
Abbr. for L. summita'les, the tops, 
sumach, sumac (shu'inac). A name of several 
species of Rhus. Also a dyestuff obtained from 
Rhus coria'ria and Rhus coti'nus. Pennsylvania 
or scarlet s. = Rhus glabra*. Swamp s. = Rhus 

VENENATA. 

Su-ma'tra camphor. = Borneo camphor. 
sum'bul*. The dried rhizome and root of an unde¬ 
termined plant, probalffy of the family Umbellif'- 
€rcB, often called Fer'ula sum'bul, having anti- 
spasmodic and nervine properties. Dose, 2 (Im. 
(30 grs.). c®-Extractum sumbul*; fluidex- 
tractum sumbul*; tinctura sumbul*. 
sum-ma'tion. The accumulative effects of several 
stimuli applied to a muscle, 
sum'mer bronchitis or catarrh. Hay fever. S. 
cholera = cholera morbus. S. complaint, a 
popular name for diarrhoea or cholera infantum. 
S. diarrhoea, cholera morbus. S. fever. =1. Hay 
fever. 2. = Dog disease. S. granulations == 
HORNY EPITHELIUM. S. prurigo, an eruption of 
bullae, tending to relapse, occurring in summer; 
prurigo aestivalis. S. rash, lichen tropicus. S. 
savory, the plant Sature'ia horten'sis: stimulant, 
and emmenagogue. S. spots, ephelides. 
sum'mit. The top; the apex; the highest part; the 
peak of a mountain. [ < L. sum'mus highest.] 
sun^sbath. Exposure of a sick or ailing person to 
the influence of the sun’s rays for their thera¬ 
peutic effect, as in the treatment of psoriasis; or 
the exposure of a well person to the sun’s rays 
for their hygienic effect. S.sbox, a small hut 
constructed of boards and opening southward: 
used in the open-air treatment of tuberculosis. 
S.sburning = ESTATES. S.sdew, the popular 
name of Drosera. S.sfever = dengue. S. mix¬ 
ture = MisTURA contr.a diarrhceam. S.spaiu, 
suprasorbital neuralgia during daylight, aggra¬ 
vated by sunlight. S.s:rash, lichen. S.strauma- 
tism, a morbid condition usually characterized 
by sudden death after exposure to the sun’s 
rays; sometimes by symptoms resembling menin¬ 
gitis. (Manson.) 

sun'burn. A kind of dermatitis marked by redness 
and burning, caused by exposure to the sun. 
Sun’daysmor'ning paralysis. A form of musculo- 
spiral paralysis met with in drunkards who have 
fallen asleep after a .Saturday^night’s debauch; 
Saturdaysnight paralysis. 

sun'flow-er. — Helianthus annuus. S. appear¬ 
ance, a radiated appearance of the macular region 
of the eye, somewhat resembling sunflower petals, 
sunk suture. A suture uniting the deep tissues of 
a wound, the superficial tissues being sutured 
over them; buried suture, 
sun'stroke. = Insolation 

su'per. A Latin preposition, signifying “above,” 
“ upon,” “ beyond,” “in addition to,” or “more 
than ”; hyper- ; supra, eg- Sub ; hypo-. 
su‘per-ab-duc'tion. Excessive abduction, 
su-per-ac'id. Excessively acid, 
su-per-a-cid'i-ty. = Hyperacidity. 
su’pet-a-cro'mi al. Above or upon the acromion, 
su'per-a-cute'. Very acute, 
su-per-ad'ded cells. — Delomorphous cells. 


su-per-al'bal. In the upper part of the white sub 
stance of the brain, as 5 . veins. 
su*per-al-bu-mi-no'sis. Excessive production ol 
albumin. 

sup’er-al-i-men-ta'tion. Stuffing with food beyond 
the natural appetite; a method of treatment in 
some wasting diseases. i^Gavage. 
su-per'bin. A poisonous, bitter principle from the 
leaves of Gloria'sa super'ba. 
su-per'bus. A Latin word signifying “proud”; 
sometimes applied to two muscles, the levator 
menti and the rectus superior, from the expres¬ 
sion of pride which their action imparts. Rec¬ 
tus OCULI SUPERIOR. 

su'per-cal-lo'sal. Above the corpus callosum, callo¬ 
sal fissure, etc. S. convolution, a rudimentary 
gyrus on the upper ^surface of the corpus callo¬ 
sum, represented by the longitudinal striae and 
their anterior and posterior prolongations. S. 
fissure. I. The central part of the callosomar- 
ginal fissure. 2. The callosomarginal fissure. 
su*per-ca-lo-ri-ne'sis. Disease due to increase of 
the animal heat. 

su-per-car'bo-nate. = Bicarbonate. 
su-per-cen'tral. i. Above a centre. 2. Above the 
central sulcus of the brain. S. fissure of Schwalbe, 
a fissure of the cerebrum, situated parallel to and 
above the dorsal part of the central fissure, 
su-per-cer'e-bral. At the top of the cerebrum. 
su‘per-cil-i-a'ris. =Corrugator supercilii. 
su-per-cil'i-a-ry. Belonging to the supercilium. S. 
arch. I. The supra^orbital arch. 2. The super¬ 
ciliary ridge. S. artery, a twig from the frontal 
artery to the region above the eyebrow. S. en¬ 
tropion, curving of the hairs of the eyebrow into 
the palpebral fissure and against the conjunctiva. 
S. eminence = S. ridge. S. muscle, the super- 
ciliaris. S. ridge, the prominence of the frontal 
bone above the supra-orbital arch; the promi¬ 
nence of the eyebrow: arcus superciliaris*. 
su-per-cil'i um*. The eyebrow, 
su’per-con-cep'tion. = Superfetation. 
su'per-dis-ten'tion. Excessive distention, 
su'per-duct. To draw upward or elevate, 
su-per-duc'tion. = Sursumduction. 
su-per-du'ral. Upon the dura, as the 5 . veins. 
su'per-e-vac-u-a'tion. Excessive evacuation. 
su‘per-ex-ci-ta'tion. Extreme excitation, 
su’per-ex-ten'sion. Excessive extension. 
su*per-fe-cun-da'tion. Fecundation of more than 
one ovule of the same ovulation, resulting from 
separate coitions. 

su'per-fc-ta'fioii* A second impregnation taking 
place before the first has run its course. 
While its occurrence is possible during the earlier 
months of gestation, it is probable that the un¬ 
equal development of twins, resulting in the de¬ 
layed birth of the weaker, furnishes the real 
explanation in most cases. 
su*per-fib-ri-na'tion. Excess of fibrin in the blood, 
su-per-fic'i al. Pertaining to the surface; found on 
the surface; confined to the surface, shallow; 
superficialis*. S. cardiac dulness, cr- cardiac 

DULNESS. S. expansion, c®- expansion. S. fascia, 
a thin fibrous membrane, often containing fat. 
which covers the muscles immediately under the 
skin. In places, as in the abdomen and perine¬ 
um, it is separable into a superficial and a deep 
stratum. S. necrosis, necrosis of bone affecting 
the portion just below the periosteum. S. origin, 
the point at which a nerve emerges from the 
surface of the brain or cord: apparent origin: 


SUPERFICIALIS 


954 


SUPERSATURATION 


ectal origin, Deep origin, S. palmar arch, 

PALMAR ARCH. S. rcflcX, C®-CUTANEOUS RE¬ 
FLEX. S. respiration, blood respiration. S. sto¬ 
matitis, catarrhal stomatitis. S. stromasplexus, 
STROMAsPLEXUS. S. SUtUTO = HARMONY. S. 
temporal artery, temporal artery. S. tem¬ 
poral veins, TEMPORAL VEINS. S. ulnar veins, 
^ ULNAR VEINS. S. volar artery, volar 
ARTERY. [< L. superfi'cies surface.] 
su‘per-fi-ci-a'lis*. Superficial. S. col'li. i. A 
branch of the cervical plexus distributed to the 
side and front of the neck. 2. The platysma 
myoides. S. vo'lae, a branch of the radial artery 
forming part of the superficial palmar arch. [L.] 
su-per-fi'ci es. A surface. S. articula'ris, the artic¬ 
ular surface. 

su-per-fis'sure. A fissure farmed by the overlap¬ 
ping of two cerebral convolutions, 
su-per-flex'ion. Excessive flexion, 
su’per-foe-ta'tion. = Superfetation. 
su-per-fron'tal. At the upper part of a structure, 
or the part denominated frontal. S. area, the 
anterior of the divisions into which the upper 
frontal area of the skull is divided by the line 
passing from the orbit through the frontal 
eminence. S. convolution, the superior frontal 
convolution. S. fissure, a fissure on the lateral 
aspect of the frontal lobe, demarcating the 
second frontal convolution, 
su-per-func'tion. Excessive activity of an organ, 
su-per-gen'u al. Above the knee, 
su'per-gyre. A gyrus overlapping another, 
su-per-heat'ed. Overheated, as 5 . steam, steam 
heated under pressure, above 100° C.; used for 
disinfection; and S. air. [% J. A. M. A. j. ’06.] 
su-per-hu'me-ral. Situated above the humeims. 
su’per-im-preg-na'tion. i. = Superfetation. 2. 
Superfecundation. 

su'per-in-duce'. To bring on in addition to a con¬ 
dition already existing. 

su*per-in-vo-lu'tion. Extreme or excessive involu¬ 
tion. ts- Subinvolution. 
su-pe'rior*. Higher; situated above. S. auditory 
nucleus = Deiters’s nucleus. S. auricular mus¬ 
cle or S. au'ris = ATTOLLENS aurem. S. bulbar 
paralysis, external ophthalmoplegia. S. calcaneo- 
scaphoid ligament, i®- calcaneoscaphoid liga¬ 
ments. S. carotid triangle, carotid triangle. 
S. constrictor, the upper one of the constrictores 
pharyngis muscles. S. convolution, the superior 
TEMPOROSPHENOIDAL CONVOLUTION. S. CUrved 

line, ^CURVED line. S. decussation, decus¬ 
sation. S. dental artery, dental arteries. 
S. fissure of Burdach, a cerebral fissure between 
the insula and the internal surface of the opercu¬ 
lum. S. frontal convolution, frontal convo¬ 
lution. S. ganglion=jUGULAR ganglion, def. 2, 
S. intercostal artery, intercostal arteries. 
S. intercostal vein, intercostal veins. S. 
laryngotomy, ts- laryngotomy. S. ligament. i 
(Of ihe incus.) = Suspensory ligament of the 
INCUS. 2, (Of ihe malleus.) = Suspensory liga¬ 
ment OF THE MALLEUS. 3. (Of the cUtoris.) A lig¬ 
ament running from the clitoris to the peritoneum. 
S. lobe, TEMPOROSPHENOIDAL LOBE. S. longi¬ 
tudinal sinus, a venous sinus in the upper edge 
of the falx cerebri. S. maxillary bone, the superior 
MAXILLA*. S. maxillary process or protuberance, 
ts- M.YXILLARY PROCESS. S. meatUS = MEATUS NASI 
SUPERIOR*. S. mediastinum, ts- mediastinum*. 
S. nasal spine, nasal spine. S. nuclear paral¬ 
ysis = ophthalmoplegia. S. oblique muscle = 


OBLiQUUS superior. S. olive or olivary body, 
^ OLIVARY BODY. S. pancreaticoduodenal artery, 
PANCREATICODUODENAL ARTERIES. S. parietal 
convolution = PARIETAL CONVOLUTION. S. pel- 

vis, the false pelvis. S. petrosal sinus, a venous 
sinus in a groove on the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone, uniting the cavernous and lateral 
sinuses; sinus petrosus superior*. S. pharyngot- 
omy, ts- PHARYNGOTOMY. S. pyramidal decussa¬ 
tion, ts- DECUSSATION. S. rectus muscle = rectus 
ocuLi SUPERIOR. S. Tegioii, the region of the 
skull included within the limits of the superior 
curved line of the occipital bone, the supra* 
orbital ridge and the temporal bones. S. rotun'- 
dus clitor'idis, the ischiocavemosus. S. septum, 
a septum between the right and left auricles of 
the embryonic heart. Anterior s. spine of the 
ilium, the anterior termination of the crest of the 
ilium. S. strait, straits of the pelvis. S. 
temporosphenoidal convolution= inframarginal 
CONVOLUTION. S. thyroid artery, the descending 
THYROID ARTERY. S. thyroid plexus, r®* THYROID 
PLEXUS. S. turbinated bone, ts- turbinated 
BONES. S. vermiform process, vermiform 
PROCESS. S. vena cava = vena cava superior*. 
su'per-lac-ta'tion. Excessive secretion of milk. 
su‘per-li-ga'men. A bandage applied over surgical 
dressing to keep it in place, 
su-per-max’il-lo-den'tal artery. The superior den¬ 
tal artery. 

su-per-me'di al. Situated above the middle, 
su-per-mol'e-cule. A compound molecule, 
su'per-mo-til'i-ty. Excessive motility, 
su-per-na'tant. Floating upon the surface, 
su’per-ni-da'tion. Hypernidation; undue prolifer¬ 
ation of the menstrual decidua, 
su-per-nor'mal. Beyond the normal, especially in 
the mental sphere. 

su-per-nu'me-ra-ry. More than sufficient; above 
the regular number, as 5 . thyroid, S. spleen, S. 
pancreasietc. Accessory. S. digit = polydac- 
TYLiA. S. kidney, a mass resembling a kidney 
in structure, situated near, but not joining, the 
kidney. s-S. mamma or breast = polymastia. 
su‘per-nu-tri'tion. Excessive nutrition, 
su'per-oc-cip'i-tal. Situated at the upper part of 
the occiput. S. fissure, a fissure in the upper 
part of the occipital portion of the posterior lobe 
of the cerebrum. 

su‘per-o-fron'tal. = Superfrontal. 
su-per-ox'ide. = Peroxide. 

su’per-ox-y-ge-na'tion. Excessive oxygenation. 
tsu‘per-ox-y-ge-na'ted, as 5 . uric acid = oxvric 

ACID. 

su‘per-pe-tro'sal sinus. A sinus of the dura mater 
at the upper part of the petrous portion of the 
temporal bone; the superior petrosal sinus, 
su-per-phos'phate. A phosphate containing an ex¬ 
cess of phosphoric acid; an acid phosphate, 
su-per-posed'. Stationed above another object, 
su'per-pur-ga'tion. Excessive purgation, 
su-per-sa'cral. Above the sacrum. S. foramen, 
the posterior sacral foramen, 
su'per-salt. A salt having acid in excess, 
su'per-sat-u-ra'tion. i. The action of dissolving in 
a liquid a quantity of a body greater than 
that which suffices to saturate it in ordinary 
conditions. 2. The state of holding such a 
quantity of any substance in solution, fsu-per- 
sat'u-ra-ted, as S. solution, a solution containing 
more of the dissolved substance than it will ordi¬ 
narily dissolve. 


SUPERSCAPULAR 


965 


SUPRABUCCAL 


su-per-scap'u-lar. == Suprascapular. 
su-per-scrip'tion. The sign li, or the word Recipe, 
meaning “ take,” written on a prescription. 
'SU'per-se-cre'tion. Hypersecretion, 
su-per-sen'si-tive. Excessively sensitive, 
su-per-sep'tal fissure. A fissure in the cuneus, run- 
ning nearly parallel with the occipital fissure, 
su-per-sphe'noid. Above the sphenoid bone or any 
structure denominated sphenoidal, 
su-per-syl'vi an fissure. A fissure of the brain lying 
above the sylvian fissure. 

su-per-tem'po-ral convolution. = Inframarginal 
CONVOLUTION. S. fissure, a fissure in front of and 
parallel to the sylvian fissure; parallel fissure, 
su-per-ten'sion. Excessive tension. 
su*pcr-tu-ber-cu-li-za'tion. The incidence of a sec¬ 
ond tuberculous infection during the course of a 
former one. Lt. ’o8.] 

su'per-ve-nos'i-ty. A condition of extreme venos- 
ity of the blood. 

su-per-ven'tion. The coming on of some unex¬ 
pected condition in addition to a previous one, 
as the S. of blood-poisoning from a wound, 
su'pi-nate. To move the hand or arm so that the 
palm is directed upward. 

su-pi-na'tion. The act of turning the palm of the 
hand upward; the position of a person lying on 
his back. ^ Pronation. 
su'pi-na-tor. A muscle that turns the palm of the 
hand upward. S. bre'vis = S. radii brevis. S. 
bre'vis accesso'rius, an occasional variation of the 
brachialis having the form of a slip of muscle in¬ 
serted into the semilunar fascia of the biceps; 
brachiofascialis. S. lon'gus = S. radii longus. 
S. longus refiex, flexion of the forearm produced 
by tapping of the tendon of the supinator radii 
longus. S. ma^nus, the extensor ossis metacarpi 
pollicis muscle. S. ra'dii bre'vis, a muscle arising 
from the external, posterior, and upper portion 
of the ulna and adjacent structures and inserted 
into the outer and anterior aspects of the middle 
third of the radius; musculus supinator*. S. 
ra'dii lon'gus, a muscle arising from the lower 
outer aspect of the humerus and inserted into the 
lower end of the radius near the styloid process; 
musculus hrachioradialis*. S. ridge, the external 
supracondylar ridge. • 

su'pine. Lying on the back with the face upward. 

su-pla-gal'bu-min, su-pla'gosal-bu'min. = Sucho- 

LOsALBUMIN. 

su-pla-go-tox'in. = Sucholotoxin. 
sup-pe-da'ni a. Medicines applied to the feet, as 
baths and mustardsplasters. 
sup-ple-men'tal, sup-ple-men'ta-ry. Additional; 
accessory. S. air, the air (about 1500 Cc.) which 
can be expelled from the lungs by a forced expi¬ 
ration in excess of that expelled by an ordinary 
expiration; reserve air. S. bladder, a diverticu¬ 
lum of the bladder. S. respiration, puerile res¬ 
piration. S. spleen = splenculus. 
sup-port' suture. = Relaxation suture. 
sup-por'ter. An arrangement for supporting a pro¬ 
lapsed part or a pendulous abdomen, 
sup-por'ting cells. The sustentacular cells of the 
splenic pulp. 2. Deiters’s cells. 3. =Hensen s 
prop-cells. S. fibres, certain curved bands of 
fibrous tissue in the anterior layers of the cornea. 
S. treatment, treatment directed chiefly toward 
sustaining a patient’s strength. 

Suppos. Abbr. for L. suppositoriunt, suppository, 
sup-pos'i-tor. An instrument for introducing sup¬ 
positories into the rectum, etc. 


sup-pos-i-to'ri um, pi. supposito'ria. A suppository; 
a solid body prepared usually with oil of theo- 
broma, glycerinated gelatin or sodium stearate, 
the weight and shape varying, adapted for intro¬ 
duction into different orifices of the body and 
melting at blood*heat. Rectal suppositories are 
usually conesshaped or spindle-shaped; urethral 
suppositories (bougies), pencil-shaped; and vag¬ 
inal suppositories, globular or oviform. See the 
U. S. P. for method of making. Suppositoria gly- 
cerini*, suppositories of glycerin, each supposi¬ 
tory containing 3 Gm. of glycerin. [L.] 
sup-pos'i-tory. =Suppositorium. S. tube=sup- 

POSITOR. 

sup-pressed' breathing. Breathing in which breath- 
sounds are wanting, as in pleuritic effusion, 
sup-pres'sio. =Suppression. S. al'vi, ” suppres¬ 
sion of the excrement,” constipation. S. men'- 
sium, “ suppression of the menses.” S. sudo'ris, 
” suppression of sweat.” [L.] 
sup-pres'sion. The act of repressing or destroying. 
The complete stoppage of a natural secretion or 
excretion, such as the urine, or of a normal dis¬ 
charge, as of the menses: the word is used in 
contradistinction to retention, which signifies that 
these fluids merely remain in the body unex¬ 
pelled. S. of the menses, amenorrhoea not due 
to pregnancy or the climacteric. S. of the urine, 
anuria; ischuria: urine. [< L. suppres'sio.\ 
sup-pu-ra'tion. The formation of pus or the proc¬ 
esses giving rise to it. Abscess; inflamma¬ 
tion; phagocytosis; ulceration, fsup'pu-rate, 
to form pus; to fester. 

sup'pu-ra-tive, sup'pu-rant. i. Producing or dis¬ 
charging pus. 2. A medicine which promotes 
suppuration. S. bubo, bubo. S. choroiditis, 
CHOROIDITIS. S. encephaUtis, suppurative in¬ 
flammation of the brain; brain-abscess. S. fever, 
fever attending suppuration; also pyaemia. S. 
inflammation, inflammation attended with the 
formation of pus, and due to the action of cer¬ 
tain bacteria. S. keratitis, inflammation of the 
cornea attended with the formation of pus. S. 
laryngitis, phlegmonous laryngitis. S. menin¬ 
gitis, meningitis accompanied with the formation 
of pus. S. myositis, suppurative inflammation 
of the muscles, occurring in pyaemia, typhoid 
fever, influenza, and other infectious diseases. 
S. nephritis, 1^ nephritis. S. osteitis, inflamma¬ 
tion of bone, with suppuration. S. phlebitis, 
septic PHLEBITIS. S. pneumonia, pneumonia. 
S. tonsillitis = quinsy. 

su'pra. A Latin preposition signifying “above”; 

SUPER. ^Hyper-; hypo-; sub; infra. 
su'prasa-cro'mi al. Above the acromion. S. artery, 
the superior acromial artery. S. nerves, descend¬ 
ing branches of the cervical plexus, derived from 
the third and fourth spinal nerves, which cross 
the clavicular insertion of the trapezius and the 
acromion process, and are distributed to the skin 
over the deltoid muscle, 
su-prasa'nal. Above the anus. 
su‘prasa-nom'a-ly. A structural or functional 
anomaly in which there is excess, as polydactyl- 
ism, in contradistinction to infra-anomaly, where 
the malformation is by defect, as syndactylism, 
su'prasau-ric'u-lar. Over or above the auricle. S. 
diameter, the inferior parietal diameter. S. point, 
a point on the zygomatic process over the centre 
of the external auditory meatus, 
su-prasax'il-la-ry. Situated above the axilla, 
su-pra-buc'cal. Situated above the buccal region. 


SUPRACHOROID LAMINA 


950 


SUPRAsORBITAL 


su-pra-cho'roid lamina. = Suprachoroidea, S. 
lymph::space, a system of intercommunicating 
lymphatic spaces between the layers of the su¬ 
prachoroidea. S. space, the interval between the 
velum interpositum and the fornix. 
su‘pra-cho-roi'de a, su*pra-cho-ri-oi'de a. The layer 
of loose tissue between the sclerotic and the 
choroid coat of the eye; the layer of the choroid 
next the sclera: ectochoroidea; suprachoroid 
lamina; tunica suprachoroidea, arachnoidea, or 
cellulosa; lamina suprachorioidea*. 
su-pra-cil'i-a-ry. == Superciliary. 
su’pra-cla-vic'u-lar. Above or upon the clavicle. 
S. fossa, the depression in the chest just above 
the clavicle. S. gland, the lower group of deep 
cervical glands in the supraclavicular fossa. S. 
nerves, descending branches of the cervical 
plexus, derived from the third and fourth cervi¬ 
cal nerves, crossing the clavicle underneath the 
platysma, and distributed to the skin of the up¬ 
per part of the pectoralis major muscle; nervi 
supraclaviculares"^. S. point, a point above the 
clavicle at which, if stimulation be applied, the 
deltoid, biceps, brachialis anticus, and supinator 
longus muscles may be made to contract; Erb’s 
point. S. region, the region above the clavicle. 
su*pra-cla-vic-u-la'ris. An occasional muscle aris¬ 
ing by a slender tendon from the upper edge of 
the manubrium, passing outward over the sterno¬ 
clavicular joint, and inserted into the clavicle, 
su-pra-com'mis-sure. A cerebral commissure just 
in front of the stalk of the pineal body, 
su-pra-con'dy-lar, su-pra-con'dy-loid. Above a 
condyle or the condyles. S. foramen, i. The 
posterior condyloid foramen. 2. A foramen in 
the internal supracondylar ridge of the humerus. 
S. lines, prolongations of the linea aspera on 
each side to the condyles of the femur, distin¬ 
guished as internal and external. S. osteotomy, 
osteotomy performed just above the condyles of 
the femur. S. process, an occasional small, 
hooksshaped process in front of the inner con¬ 
dyle of the humerus. S. ridges, two ridges, 
an internal and an external, on the shaft of the 
humerus running up from the condyles. S. tu¬ 
bercles, tubercles at the edges of the popliteal 
surface above the tuberosities of the femur. 
The internal gives attachment to the medial 
head of the gastrocnemius, the external to the 
plantaris. 

su-pra-cor'o-nal ligament. A continuation of the 
supraspinous ligament upon the coccyx, 
su-pra-cos'tal. A groove sometimes seen along 
the upper edge of the body of a rib at its pos¬ 
terior end. 

su"pra-cos-ta'les. A designation of the levatores 
costarum muscles, from their lying upon the ribs, 
su-pra-cot'y-loid. Above the cotyloid cavity, 
su'pra-di-a-phrag-mat'ic. Above the diaphragm, 
su-pra'din. A proprietary dry preparation of su¬ 
prarenal glands containing iodine: used in neuras¬ 
thenia, diabetes insipidus, etc. 
su'pra-du'ral artery. A branch of the occipital 
artery sometimes passing through the parietal 
foramen. 

su’prasep-i-con'dy-lar. Above an epicondyle. 
su-pra-gle'noid tubercle. A rough excrescence 
above the glenoid cavity, for the attachment of 
the long head of the biceps; tuberositas supra- 
glenoidalis*. 

su-pra-glot'tic. Noting a part of the larynx above 
the true glottis or vocal cords. 


su‘pra-he-pat'ic. Above the liver. S. abscess, an 
abscess in the suspensory ligament between the 
liver and diaphragm. 

su-pra-hy'oid. Placed above the hyoid bone. S. 
aponeurosis, the fascia between the hyoid bone 
and the tendon of the digastric muscle. S. artery, 
a branch of the lingual artery to the muscles 
above the hyoid bone. S. glands, lymphatic 
glands of the neck, situated between the anterior 
bellies of the digastric muscles. S. ranula, a 
cystic tumor above the hyoid bone. S. region, 
the area within the limits of the hyoid bone, the 
lower border of the inferior maxilla, and the ster¬ 
nocleidomastoid muscles. S. triangle = submax¬ 
illary TRIANGLE, 
su-pra-il'i ac. Above the ilium. 
su*prasin'gui-nal region. The region bounded by 
Poupart’s ligament, a horizontal line through the 
crest of the ilium, and the rectus abdominis, 
su'prasin-tes'ti-nal. Above the intestine, 
su'pra-la-bi-a'lis. The muscle that lifts the upper 
lip; the levator labii superioris. 
su‘pra-lim'i-nal. Above the limen or threshold, as 
5. consciousness, the ordinary consciousness of 
self. IS-Subliminal CONSCIOUSNESS, 
su-pra-lum'bar. Above the loin, 
su'pra-mal-le'o-lar. Situated or occurring above 
the malleolus. S. amputation, amputation of the 
leg above the malleoli. 

su-pra-mam'ma-ry. Above the mammae. S. mas¬ 
titis, inflammation of the superficial connective 
tissue of the mammary gland. S. region = in- 

PRACLAVICULAR REGION. 

su-pra-man-dib'u-lar nerve. A branch of the cer¬ 
vicofacial division of the facial nerve emerging at 
the parotid gland and supplying the risorius, the 
depressor anguli oris, the depressor labii inferioris, 
and the levator menti; supramaxillary nerve, 
su-pra-mar'gi-nal convolution. That part of the 
inferior parietal convolution which curves around 
the upper end of the sylvian fissure; gyrus supra- 
ynarginalis*. 

su-pra-mas'toid crest. A bony ridge running 
across the squamosal just above the external 
auditory meatus. 

su‘pra-max-il'la. The superior maxilla, 
su-pra-max'il-la-ry. i. Relating to the upper jaw. 
2. The superior maxilla. S. artery, a branch from 
the posterior dental artery to the upper molar 
and bicuspid teeth. S. ganglion = Bochdalek’s 
GANGLION. S. nerve=SUPRAMANDIBULAR NERVE. 
su*pra-me-a'tal triangle. = Macewen’s triangle 
su-pra-men'tal. Above the chin, 
su-pra-na'sal point. = Ophryon. 
su-pra-neu'ral. Above a nerve or neural axis, 
su-pra-nu'cle ar. Above (i. e., on the cortical side 
of) a nucleus. S. paralysis, paralysis of the facial 
nerve due to lesion of the cortex or facial fibres 
of the capsule or corona radiata. [*[1 DC. ’06.] 
su'prasob-li'quus. The superior oblique muscle of 
the eye 

su'prasoc-cip'i-tal. i. Above the occipital bone. 
2. The tabular portion of the occipital bone. S. 
angle, the craniometrical angle included between 
auricular radii to the inion and to the lambda, 
su-prasor'bi-tal. Above the orbit; supraorbitary. 
S. arch, the curved ridge on the lower edge of the 
frontal bone, which forms the upper border of 
the orbit. S. artery, a branch of the ophthalmic 
artery as the latter crosses the optic nerve; 
artena supra^orhitalis*. It passes through the 
suprasorbital foramen to the forehead and the 


SUPRAPATELLAR 


957 


SUPRASPIirOUS 


eyelids. External s. artery, a branch of the super¬ 
ficial temporal artery to the outer suprasorbital 
region. S. convolution, the inferior frontal 
CONVOLUTION. S. foramen, a foramen sometimes 
formed by the junction of the edges of the supra* 
orbital notch; foramen supraorbitale*. S. line, a 
horizontal line drawn across the narrowest part 
of the forehead, that is, just above the root of 
the external angular process of the frontal bone. 
S. nerve, the larger of the two branches of the 
frontal division of the ophthalmic nerve, passing 
through the suprasorbital notch over the edge of 
the orbit to the eyelid, brow, and forehead, giv¬ 
ing off two branches, a cutaneous and a pericra¬ 
nial; nervus supraorhitalis* . S. notch, a notch 
near the middle of the supra*orbital arch; inci- 
sura supraorhitale*. S. point, the middle point of 
the suprasorbital line. S. ridge = superciliary 
RIDGE. S. sulcus, a furrow on the median surface 
of the cerebral hemispheres, running forward from 
the anterior edge of the callosomarginal sulcus 
parallel with the orbital edge of the brain. S. 
vein, a branch of the facial vein to the forehead 
and the upper eyelid; vena supraorhiialis*. 
su’pra-pa-tel'lar. Lying above the patella, 
su-pra-pel'vic. Occurring above the pelvis. 
su*pra-pha-ryn'ge al. Above the pharynx, 
su-pra-pi'ne al. Situated above the pineal gland, 
su-pra-pon'tile, su-pra-pon'tine. Above the pons 
varolii. S. arteries, branches of the basilar artery 
to the upper edge of the pons varolii. 
su-pra-prom'on-to-ry. A conspicuous convex emi¬ 
nence overhanging the promontory of the tym¬ 
panic atrium. 

su-pra-pu'bic. Situated above the pubis. S. cys¬ 
totomy or lithotomy, lithotomy in which the inci¬ 
sion is above the pubis. S. nerve, the internal 
branch of the ilio*inguinal nerve. S. region, the 
hypogastric region, Abdomen. 
su-pra-rec'tus. The superior rectus of the eye. 
su-pra-ren'a-den. A proprietary extract from the 
suprarenal bodies of animals; used in diabetes 
mellitus, Basedow’s disease, etc. 
su-pra-re'nal. i. Above the kidney. 2. Supply¬ 
ing the suprarenal body. 3. The suprarenal 
body. S. alkaloid, the active alkaloid of the 
suprarenal (epirenal or adrenal) glands. It con¬ 
stricts the blood-vessels, causing increase of the 
blood-pressure, and may produce arteriosclerosis, 
gangrene, and glycosuria if it 
has been too freely employed. 

A convenient test is found in 
the odor resembling phosphu- 
retted hydrogen, when a solu¬ 
tion containing this alkaloid is 
mixed with a solution of so¬ 
dium hydroxide. S. artery, a 
branch of the abdominal aorta 
which supplies the suprarenal 
capsule. Accessory s. bodies, 
masses sometimes present in 
the areolar tissue surrounding 
the suprarenal body, and com¬ 
posed of similar tissue. S. 
body, capsule, or gland, the flat, 
triangular, brownish-yellow 
organ situated on the upper 
extremity of each kidney: 
glandulasuprarenalis*. It con¬ 
sists of an internal medullary substance and an 
external cortex, enclosed in a sheath. The cortex 
is made up of three layers of cells, the zona fas- 



SUPRARENAL BODY. 

(Magnified.) 


ciculata, the zona glomerulosa, and the zona retic¬ 
ularis. Glandule supRARENALEs sicc.«*. S. 
extract, S. alkaloid. S. ganglion, a ganglion at 
the junction of the great splanchnic nerves, distrib¬ 
uted to the suprarenal plexus. S. melasma = Ad¬ 
dison’s DISEASE. S. nerves, a number of short 
branches from the solar plexus supplying the 
suprarenal bodies. S. plexus, a sympathetic plexus 
distributed to the suprarenal bodies, formed by 
branches from the solar and semilimar ganglion 
and phrenic and great splanchnic nerves; plexus 
suprarenalis*. S. syndrome. J. A. M. A.'06.] 

S. veins, veins from the suprarenal capsules, that 
from the right emptying into the inferior vena 
cava, that from the left into a phrenic or renal 
vein; venae suprarenales*. 
su-pra-re'na-lin, su-pra-re'nin. Proprietary names 
for preparations of the active alkaloid of supra¬ 
renal glands. IS-Adrenalin ; ADRiN 
su-pra-rene'. A suprarenal body, 
su-pra-ri'mal portion of the larynx. That portion 
of the cavity of the larynx which is above the 
glottis and within the thyroid cartilage, 
su-pra-scap'u-la. That portion of the vertebral 
border of the scapula which is formed by a sepa¬ 
rate centre of ossification, 
su-pra-scap'u-lar. Above the scapula, or shoulder- 
blade. S. artery, a branch from the thyroid axis 
of the subclavian artery running across the root 
of the neck to the supraspinous fossa; trans- 
versalis humeri; A. transversa scapulae*. S. 
fascia, the fascia on the back of the scapula, 
covering the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus, 
and the teres muscles. S. foramen, the foramen 
formed from the suprascapular notch by the 
transverse or coracoid ligament. S. ligament, 
the fibrous band bridging the suprascapular 
notch; coracoid ligament. S. nerve, a branch 
from the superior division of the brachial plexus, 
passing through the suprascapular notch and 
supplying the supraspinatus, the infraspinatus, 
and the shoulder-joint; N. suprascapularis*. S. 
notch, CORACOID NOTCH. S. region, the region of 
the back above the scapular spine. S. veins, 
veins attending the suprascapular arteries and 
emptying into the subclavian or the external 
jugular; Vv. transversa scapulae*. 
su-pra-scle'ral space. Tenon’s space. 
su-pra-sep'tal. Above a septum. 
su*pra-ser-ra'tus. The serratus posticus superior, 
su-pra-sig'moid. Above the sigmoid flexure of the 
colon. Albutt considers angina pectoris due to 
changes in the suprasigmoid portion of the aorta, 
su-pra-spi'nal. Above a spine or spinous process. 

S. ligament = supraspinous ligament. 
su‘pra-spi-na'lis. i. Any one of the small muscles 
passing between the spinous processes of the cer¬ 
vical vertebrae. 2. Supraspinatus. 
su'pra-spi-na'tus. A muscle arising from the 
greater part of the supraspinous fossa of the 
scapula and inserted into the greater tuberosity 
of the humerus; musculus supraspinatus*. It 
raises the arm. 

su-pra-spi'nous. i. Situated above the spine of 
the scapula. 2. Above the spinous process of a 
vertebra. S. aponeurosis, the thick fascial ex¬ 
pansion helping to enclose the supraspinatus 
muscle. S. artery, a branch of the posterior 
scapular or transverse cervical artery to the su¬ 
praspinous fossa. S. fossa, the upper of the two 
recesses on the posterior surface of the scapula: 
fossa supraspinata*. S. ligament, one of the 



SUPRASTAPEDIAL 


958 


SURGICAL 


longitudinal bundles of fibres connecting the tips 
of the spinous processes of the vertebrae, and 
forming a continous band from the seventh cer¬ 
vical vertebra to the sacrum; ligamentum su~ 
prasptnale*. S. muscle, the supraspinatus. S. 
region, the region of the supraspinous fossa, 
su'pra-sta-pe'di al. Situated above the stapes, 
su-pra-ster'nal. Above the sternum, or breast* 
bone. S. artery, a branch of the suprascapular 
artery passing over the sternum. S. bones, a 
pair of bones occasionally seen articulating with 
the sternum on either side of the interclavicular 
notch; epistemal bones; ossa supra stern alia*. 
S. fossa, a depression in’ the neck above the ster¬ 
num. S. nerves = SUPRACLAVICULAR NERVES. S. 
notch, the notch at the upper end of the sternum. 
S. region, the region of the suprasternal notch, 
su-pra-syl'vi an convolution. = Supramarginal 

CONVOLUTION. 

su-pra-tem'po-ral. Above the temple or a structure 
denominated temporal. 

su-pra-tho-rac'ic. Situated above the thorax, 
su-pra-troch'le ar. Situated above the trochlea. S. 
depression, a slight depression on the anterior 
surface of the femur, above the trochlea. It con¬ 
tains fat and synovial processes. S. foramen, an 
occasional perforation in the plate of bone sep¬ 
arating the coronoid fossa and the olecranon 
fossa of the humerus. S. fossa, a shallow de¬ 
pression on the orbital surface of the frontal 
bone for the pulley of the superior oblique mus¬ 
cle. S. nerve, the smaller of the two branches of 
the frontal division of the ophthalmic nerve, 
which passes above the pulley of the superior 
oblique muscle and out of the orbit and upward 
to supply the integument of the forehead; nervus 
supratrochlearis*. 

su-pra-tur'bi-nal. The superior turbinated bone. 
su"pra-tym-pan'ic. Situated above the tympanum, 
su-pra-vag'i-nal. Situated above or outside of a 
sheath or the vagina. S. hysterectomy, hys¬ 
terectomy. 

sup'tol. A bacterial product used in the treatment 
of swine plague. Dose, 5 Cc. (75 mins.), injected 
behind the ear. 

su'ra*. I. The calf of the leg. 2. The fibula. [L.] 
su'ral. Relating to the calf of the leg. S. arteries, 
branches of the popliteal distributed to the 
gastrocnemius and the calf of the leg; arteriae 
surales*. S. nerve, a nerve formed by the junc¬ 
tion of the external cutaneous branch of the 
peroneal and the communicantes fibulares; nervus 
suralis*. S. vein, a branch of the popliteal vein 
just beneath the skin of the calf of the leg. 
sur-al-i-men-ta'tion. = Superalimentation. 
sur'cin-gle. A prolongation forward of the corpus 
striatum, uniting with the amygdala, 
sur'di-tas. = Surdity. S. verba'lis, word*deaf- 
ness. [L.] 

sur'di-ty. Deafness; dulness of hearing, 
sur-do-mu'ti-tas. The state of a deaf*mute; deaf* 
mutism: usually congenital or acquired in early 
childhood, fsur'do-mute. 
sur'dus. Deaf. [L.] 

sur-ex-ci-ta'tion. Over=excitation; superexcitation, 
sur'face. The superficial part of anything that has 
length and breadth, in anatomy, especially of a 
bone; facies*. S. evaporation. [R. ’05.] S. ther¬ 
mometer, a thermometer for taking the tempera^ 
ture of the surface of the body. (See illustration, 
next column.) S.swell, one which derives its sup¬ 
ply from the sub*soil water (S.=water). 


surfeit (.sur'fft). Excess of food or drink, or the 
unpleasant sensations attendant upon excess, 
sur'geon. A practitioner in surgery. Bar- 
ber*s. ; contractus. S. accoucheur, one practis¬ 
ing midwifery. Ss.’ agaric, Agari- 
cus CHiRURGORUM and A. quercus. S.s 
apothecary, one who unites the practice 
of surgery with that of the general prac¬ 
titioner; in England, a surgeon who has 
passed the requirements of the Royal 
College of Surgeons and of the Apoth¬ 
ecaries’ Hall. S.sdentist, a dentist. S.s 
general, the chief surgeon of an army or 
navy. Ss.’sknot = surgical knot. Ss.’ 
plaster, adhesive plaster. [< h. chirur'- 
gus, ;\;eipovpy6g, fr. hand + epyov 

work.] tsur'geon-cy; sur'geon-ry; sur'- 
geon-ship. 

sur'ger-y. That branch of medicine which 
relates to conditions in which operations 
or manipulations may be indicated. 

Specially named varieties are Abdomi¬ 
nal, Antiseptic or aseptic, Cerebral, 

Clinical, Conservative, Major, Mi¬ 
nor, Pelvic, Plastic, Railway, Subcu¬ 
taneous, and Veterinary. [< L. chi- 
rur'gia, x^^povpyia, fr. x^'-P hand -f epyov 
work, performance, exploit.] 
sur'gi-cal. Relating to surgery. S. anat- Surface: 
omy, ANATOMY. S. anaesthesia, an- ^ome" 
aesthesia produced by anaesthetic agents ter. 
for preventing pain during a surgical 
operation. S. aneurism, one which can be ope¬ 
rated upon surgically. S. disease = external 
DISEASE. S. emphysema = aerodermectasia. 
S. erysipelas, erysipelas. S. fever, fever oc¬ 
curring after an injury or a surgical operation, 
sometimes due to septic poisoning. S. insanity, 
insanity following surgical operations. S. kidney, 
suppurative nephritis due to some disease of, 
or operation on, the lower part of the urinary 



tract. S. knot, a knot in which the thread is 
passed twice through the loop. S. neck, that part 
of the humerus which extends from the junction 
of the upper epiphysis to the insertion of the 
latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major muscles; 
collum chirurgicum*. S. pathology, ^ pathology. 
8. serum, a solution of sodium chloride, 7^ parts, 
in 1000 parts of boiled distilled water: used for 
injection in surgery. S. shock, shock. S. sore 
throat, sore throat excited by inhalation of dis¬ 
ease germs in surgical wards of hospitals. S. 
treatment, treatment in which the means em¬ 
ployed are chiefly surgical. S. triangle, a triangu¬ 
lar region or area beneath which are situated cer¬ 
tain vessels and nerves: used for reference in 
surgical operations. S. tuberculosis, tubercular 
disease of parts which can be reached by opera¬ 
tion, as joints, glands, etc. S, typhus, pyaemia 
tsur'gi-cal-ly. 










SURINAM 


959 


SUTURATION 


The antheltnintic bark of Andi'rci r.etu'- 
sa, from which the alkaloid, su-ri-na'mine, is ob¬ 
tained. S. colic = LEAD COLIC, 
sur-me-nage. Mental and physical overexertion, 
sur-prise^ bath. A cold bath into which the patient 
is unexpectedly plunged: formerly used for insane 
and hysterical patients. 

sur'ra. A disease of the horse, mule, elephant, etc., 
of India and the Philippines, due to Trypanoso'ma 
ev ansi, transmitted by Taban'nus irop'icus and 
T . liue'ola, and by Stowox'ys cal'citrans. 
sur-re'nal. = Suprarenal. 

sur'ro-gate. A remedy substituted for another on 
the ground of expense, etc. 
sur-sum-duc'tion. The directing of one eye above 
the other, or the degree to which it can be per¬ 
formed, distinguished as right and left according 
as the right or the left eye is affected, 
sur-sum-ver'gence. The turning upward of the 
eyes. [< L. sur'sum \x-p-\-ver'gere to bend.] 
sur-sum-ver'sion. Simultaneous turning upward of 
both eyes. [< L. sur'sum \xp+ver'tere to turn.] 
sur-vey', medical. Physical examination of a dis¬ 
abled person in the navy by a medical officer or 
board. 

sur-vi'vor-ship. In legal medicine, the presumption 
of the survival of a certain individual longer than 
any others, when all have been involved in the 
same catastrophe or all have been killed, 
sus. Swine. [L.] 

sus-cep'ti-ble. Impressible; capable of receiving, 
or predisposed to receive, influences, impressions, 
or affections, fsus-cep-ti-bil'i-ty; sus-cep-tiv'i-ty. 
sus-ci-ta'tion. The act of exciting, 
sus-o-tox'in. A ptomaine derived from cultures of 
hogscholera bacillus. [< L. sus hog-f- toxin.] 
sus-pen'ded animation. = Asphyxia. S. matter, 
undissolved particles diffused through a liquid. 
S. percolation. R. ’05.] 
sus-pen-dic'u-lum. The cremaster muscle. [L.] 
sus-pen'sion. i. A method of treatment in which 
the weight of the body is partially or wholly sup¬ 
ported by the neck or elbows, thus stretching the 
spinal cord: used in tabes, compression para¬ 
plegia, and diseases of the central nervous sys¬ 
tem. 2. A method of treatment for painful in¬ 
flammation of the extremities in which they 
are raised and kept in that position. S. of the 
uterus = HYSTEROPEXY. [ < L. suspen'dere to 
hang.] 

sus-pen-so'ri um. Anything which suspends. S. 
hep'atis, the broad ligament of the liver. S. 
mam'mae, a bandage for the support and com¬ 
pression of female breasts. S. scro'ti, a bag=like 
arrangement for holding up the testicles: kept in 
position by a band around the waist. [L.] 
sus-pen-so'ri us"* tes'tis. The cremaster muscle, 
sus-pen'so-ry. i. Suspending or holding up, as a 
S. bandage. 2. Any device or arrangement for 
holding up a part, as the testicles. S. bandage,, 
a bandage for supporting the scrotum, that the 
weight of the testicles may not draw on the sper¬ 
matic cord. S. ligament of the axilla, a layer of 
the axillary fascia extending down to the clavicle. 
S. ligament of the axis, fibres of ligament extend¬ 
ing from the edge of the foramen magnum to the 
odontoid process of the axis. S. ligament of the 
bladder, the superior false ligament of the blad¬ 
der. S. ligament of the clitoris, a band of fibres 
extending from the back of the clitoris to the 
symphysis pubis; ligamentum suspensorium cli- 
toridis*. S. ligament of the diaphragm, offshoots 


. , of the prevertebral fascia fastening the diaphragm 
to the last cervical and first dorsal vertebrae. S. 
ligament of the humerus, the coracohumeral liga¬ 
ment. S. ligament of the incus, a ligament ex¬ 
tending from the roof of the tympanum to the 
incus. S. ligament of the lachrymal gland = 
SoEMMERiNn’s LIGAMENT. S. ligament of the 
lens = ZiNN’s ZONULE. S. ligament of the liver, 
the broad or falciform ligament of the liver. S. 
ligament of the malleus, a ligament descending 
from the roof of the tympanum to the head of the 
malleus. S. ligament of the mamma, a fibrous 
band extending from the superficial pectoral 
fascia over the anterior surface of the gland. S. 
ligament of the penis, a triangular band of fibros 
elastic tissue passing from the dorsum of the 
penis to the pubic symphysis; ligamentum sus¬ 
pensorium penis*. S. ligament of the spleen, a 
fold of peritoneum connecting the spleen with 
the diaphragm. S. ligaments of the thyroid 
gland, two ligamentous bands extending from the 
inner and back part of the lateral lobes of the 
thyroid gland to the sides of the cricoid cartilage 
of the larynx. S. ligaments of the uterus, a 
name usually applied to the broad ligament of 
the uterus: the sacro*uterine bands are of far 
greater importance in supporting this organ. S. 
muscle of the duodenum = musculus suspen- 
soRius DuoDENi. S. muscle of the eye, the 
choanoid muscle. 

sus-ten-tac'u-lar. Supporting; sustaining. S. cells, 
a delicate interlacement of stellate connective* 
tissue corpuscles, which with intercellular sub¬ 
stance forms the proper substance of the spleen, 
OT splenic pulp. S. fibres = Muller’s fibres. S. 
tissue, supporting tissue. 

sus-ten-tac'u-lum. A support. S. lie'nis*, the 
suspensory ligament of the spleen. S. ta'li*, the 
process of the calcaneum which supports the in¬ 
ner part of the astragalus or talus, 
sus-ten-ta'tion. The act of giving food or medi- 

. cines capable of maintaining one’s strength tem- 

, porarily or permanently. 

su-sur'rus. A whispering sound, as that heard 
over an aneurism. S. au'rium = tinnitus 
aurium. 

su'tho. A variety of leprosy endemic in Corea, 
sut'i-ka. Puerperal diarrhoea of Bengal: a quite 
fatal disease of unknown etiology. [TJ L. ij. ’08.] 
su-tu'ra. = Suture. S. arcua'lis = coronal su¬ 
ture. S. bimaxilla'ris, the intermaxillary suture. 
S. biparieta'lis, the sagittal suture. S. corona'lis* 
= coronal suture. S. cor'poris callo'si, the 
stria longitudinalis medialis. S. denta'ta, a suture 
whose edges interlock by processes like saw* 
teeth. S. harmo'nia*, a suture in which the ad¬ 
jacent edges are simply opposed. S. limbo'sa, a 
suture in which the articulating surfaces overlap 
and are bevelled. S. no'tha, “false suture,” a 
suture in which ^ the edges do not interlock, but 
are simply opposed or overlap. S. occipita'lis, the 
lambdoidal suture. S. os'sium spu'ria* = har¬ 
mony. S. Sagitta'Us* = SAGITTAL SUTURE. S. 
serra'ta* = S. dentata. S. squamo'sa, a suture 
in which the bones overlap but do not interlock. 
S. ve'ra, “ true suture,” a suture whose opposed 
edges interlock. 

su'tu-ral. Relating to, or having, a suture. S. 
bones, wormian bones. S. ligament, fibrous tis¬ 
sue sometimes found between the surfaces in 
articulation by suture. 

su-tu-ra'tipn. The act or process of suturing. 


SUTURE 


900 


SWIETEWIA FEBRIFUGA 


su'ture. I. The junction of the bones of the cra¬ 
nium by a serrated line resembling the stitches of 
a seam. Some of the varieties of cranial suture are 
Basilar, Coronal, Dentated, Ethmoidal, Eth- 

MOIDOFRONTAL, EtHMOLACHRYMAL, EtUMOSPHE- 
NoiD, Frontal, Frontomalar, Frontomaxil- 
LARY, Frontonasal, Frontoparietal, Fronto- 

SPHENOIDAL, FRONTOTEMPORAL, INTERMAXIL¬ 
LARY, Internasal, Interparietal ( = sagittal), 
Lambdoid ( = occipitoparietal). Longitudinal 
f = sagittal), Mastosoccipital, Mastoparie- 
TAL, Maxillolachrymal, Maxillopremaxil- 
LARY, M ediofrontal OT metopic ( = frontal), Na¬ 
somaxillary, Neurocentral,Occipitomastoid, 
Occipitoparietal, Palatine, Palatomaxil¬ 
lary, Parietomastoid, Petrosoccipital, Pe- 

TROSPHENOIDAL, SAGITTAL, SERRATED, SPHENO¬ 
PARIETAL, Sphenopetrosal, Sphenosquamous or 
SQUAMOSPHENOIDAL, SqUAMOUS, TeMPOROsOCCIP- 

ITAL, Temporoparietal, Transverse (= cor¬ 
onal), True (= SUTURA vera), and Zygomatic. 
2. A stitch used to draw together the lips of a 
wound. 3. The thread or material used in mak¬ 
ing a stitch. Some of the varieties of surgical 
vsuture are Antiseptic, Appolito’s, Apposition, 
Approximation, Basesball, Beclard’s, Bell’s, 
Bertrandi’s, Bouisson’s, Bozeman’s, Buried, 
Button, Circular, Clamp, Clavate (^quilled). 
Coaptation, Cobblers’, Compound (== quilled), 
Connell’s, Continuous or continued (= glovers’, 
def. 2), CzernysLembert, Czerny’s, Dry, Du- 
puytren’s, Duvergier’s, Emmery’s, G:6ly’s, 
Glovers’, Gussenbauer’s, Halsted’s, Harelip 
(=twisted), Harris’s, Horseshair, Implanted, 
Indiasrubber, Interrupted or Jobert’s, 

Lace, Leadsplate, Ledran’s, Lembert’s, Lit- 
tre’s, LOffler’s, Loop (—interrupted). Mat¬ 
tress, Nerve*, Noose (= interrupted^ Pal- 
fyn’s. Pancoast’s, Petit’s, Pin (c^ twisted). 
Plastic, Primosecondary, Quilled, Quilt, 
Ramdohr, Relaxation or relief, Reybard’s, 
Richter’s, Rigal’s, Ritisch’s, Royal, Saba¬ 
tier’s, Sanger’s, Secondary, Seroserous, 
Shotted, Silkwormsgut, Simon’s, Sims’s, 

(= glovers’), Staple, Subcuticular, Sunk, 
Superficial (= harmony). Support (= relaxa¬ 
tion), Symperitoneal, Taylor’s, Tendon*, 
Tobaccofbag (i^Stoltz’s oper.ation), Tonguee 
and^groove (= plastic), Triangular (= Simon’s 
operation). Twisted, Uteroparietal, Viscero- 
p,\RiETAL, and Wolfler’s. S. abscess, an abscess 
forming around a suture. S. instrument, an in¬ 
strument for directing and fastening wire sutures. 
S. needle, a needle used in applying sutures. S. 
twister, an instrument for twisting the ends of a 
wire suture. 

Suzanne’s gland (su-zanz'). A mucous gland of the 
mouth situated beneath the alveolingual groove. 

Suz'maim’s solution. A saline solution containing 
sodium chloride, 6 parts; sodium carbonate, i 
part; and distilled water, 1000 parts. 

svap'ni a. Denarcotized opium. 

swab, swab'sstick. A stick, one end of which may 
be wrapped with cotton, for making applications 
of medicinal substances, as to the throat. 

swad'dlingscloth. A cloth for wrapping around a 
new*bom child. 

swal'low oil. Infused oil of elderflowers. S.swort, 
the plant Ascle'pias tubero'sa. 

swal'low-ing. = Deglutition. S. centre, a brain* 
centre governing the action of swallowing, situ¬ 
ated in the floor of the fourth ventricle. 


swal'low’s nest. — Nidus avis*. 
swamp'sfe-ver. Malarial fever. S.sgrass — Helen i 
um puberulum. S.sitch, pruritus or scabies. S. 
sassafras = Magnolia glauca. S. sumach = 
Rhus venenata. S. yellow fever, malarial 
haematuria. 

sway. A movement of the body backward and for¬ 
ward, as in tabes: increased by closing the eyes, 
sway'back nose. — Saddle nose. 
sweat. I. The clear, colorless secretion of the 
sudoriparous glands; perspiration; sudor*. Varie¬ 
ties of sweat are Bloody (= h.kmatidrosis). 
English (la^ANGLicus sudor). Green, Night*, 
Phosphorescent ( = phosphoridrosis), Picardy, 
and Red ( = h^matidrosis). S. canal, coil, or 
duct, the excretory tube of a sweat*gland. S.s 
centre, a centre within the medulla which excites 
the excretion of sweat. S. fever or sickness, 
miliaria; anglicus sudor. S.sfibre, a neive*fibre 
which stimulates a sweat*gland. S.::gland = su- 
DORiP.AROUS glands. S.sreflex, localized sweat¬ 
ing occurring from the ingestion or smelling of 
certain pungent articles of food. 2. In dentistry, 
the uniting of two pieces of metal by heating and 
without solder, cs- Welding. [L. su'dor; Gr. trlpwf,] 
sweat'ing. i. Perspiring. 2. The act or process of 
perspiring. lar Anhidrosis ; dyshidrosis; hy- 
PERIDROSIS; COLLIQUATIVE sweat; UNILATERALS. 
S. bath, a bath of air heated to a temperature of 
from 38° to 54® C. (100° to 130® F.); balneum 
sudatorium. S. fever or sickness = anglicus 
SUDOR. S. stage, the third stage of a malarial 
paroxysm. 

Swe'di-auPs disease. Inflammation of the bursae of 
the calcaneum. Talalgia. 

Swedish green. Copper arsenite, or Scheele’s green. 
S. gymnastics = S. movements. S. leech = San- 
GUisuGA medicinalis. S. movements, a system 
of gymnastics used as a therapeutic measure. i3- 
Movement; Zander treatment. S. system = 
i3?- Ling’s system; kinesitherapy. 
swee'ny. Atrophy of the horse’s shoulder muscles, 
sweep’s cancer. =Cancer scroti. 
sweet almond. — Amygdala dulcis. S. basil 
— BASIL. S. bay = LAURUS nobilis. S. birch, 
cv birch. S. cicely. R. ’05.] S. clover = Me- 
lilotus officinalis. S. eczema = seborrhcea. 
S. fern = CoMPTONiA asplenifolia. S. flag = 
CALAMUS*. S. gum, S. gumstree = Liquid- 
AMBAR STYRACIFLUA. S. marjoram = ORIGA¬ 
NUM MARjoR.\NA. S. oil, olive oil. S. oranges 
peel = AURANTII DULCIS CORTEX*. S. precipi¬ 
tate == CALOMEL. S. scabious — Erigeron an- 
NUUM. S.sscented flag = calamus*. S.sscented 
shrub = Calycanthus floridus. S. spirit of 
nitre = spiritus ^etheris nitrosi*. S. viburnum, 
Vibur'num lenta'go. 

sweet'bread. A popular name for the thymus 
gland or pancreas of young animals, as the calf, 
swell'sbo-dies. i. Plexuses of veins found over the 
turbinated bones. 2. The corpora cavernosa. 

swelled head. = Actinomycosis. S. testicle — 
epididymitis. 

swel'ling. i. = Tuber. 2. = Tumefaction. 
Varieties are Blennorrhagic, Cloudy or albu¬ 
minous, Glassy (= amyloid degeneration), 
Soemmering’s, and White. 

Swer'tia chira^ta or chiray'ta. A species of gentian- 
aceous herbs furnishing chirata; Anatho'les 
angustifo'lia. 

Swiete'nia febrif'uga. A tree of the East Indies 
whose bark {Rohun bark) is used as an antiperi- 


SWIMMING-BLADDER 


SYMINGTON’S BODY 


UGl 

odic. The barks of 5 . maha'goni and 5 . senega- 
len'sis are similarly used. 

swim'ming-blad'der. A sense-organ enabling fishes 
to resume a normal position after rising or sink¬ 
ing in the water. 

swine diphtheria. Hog cholera, a disease prob¬ 
ably due to an ultramicroscopic virus; not to 
B. sal'moni, as formerly supposed. S. erysipelas 
= ROUGET, def. I. S. fever, febrile disease of 
swine, including hog cholera. S.splague, an epi¬ 
demic, infectious disease of swine in which the 
respiratory and alimentary tracts are affected, 
and closely resembling hog cholera. S.-pox. i. 

A species of varicella in which the vesicles are 
pointed and the fluid clear throughout. 2. A dis¬ 
ease of swine in which inflammatory tubercles 
occur on the legs and thighs. 

Swiss tapeworm. Dibothriocephalus latus. 
swol'len disk. = Choked disk. S.-head fever. 
[O. iij.] 

swoon. A fainting fit; syncope, tswoon'ing. 
sy-ceph'a-lus. — Syncephalus. 
sych-no-sphyx'i a. = Tachycardia. 
sych-nu-re'sis. Frequent micturition, 
sy'chose. = Benzosulphinidum*. 
sy-co-chy'mase. The chymase of Fi'cus ca'rica. 
sy-co'ma. A wart, or warty excrescence, somewhat 
like a fig, on the eyelid, anus, or other part, 
sy-co'sis. An eruptive disease in which there are 
papules, tubercles, or pustules of the hair-follicles 
(especially the follicles of the bearded part of the 
face), due to the presence of fungoid parasites. 
c^Mentagra. Bacillogenic s., sycosis said to be 
caused by the Bacil'lus sycosif'erus joei'idus. S. 
bar'bae, sycosis of the beard. Coccogenic s., 
sycosis of the hair-follicles of the beard, due to 
inoculation of the follicles by staphylococci; non- 
parasitic sycosis; sycosis barbae or vulgare. S. 
contagio'sa, barbers’ itch, a contagious, inflam¬ 
matory disease of the hairy parts of the face 
caused by the presence of Trichophy'ton ton'su- 
rans; tinea trichophytina barbae; sycosis para¬ 
sitica. S. framboesifor'mis = dermatitis papil¬ 
laris CAPiLLiTii. S. men'ti, sycosis. Non-para- 
sitic s. = COCCOGENIC s. S. parasit'ica = S. 
CONTAGIOSA. Schizomycctic s. or S. vulga're = 
COCCOGENIC s. fsy-co'si-form. 

Syd'en-ham’s chorea or disease. Ordinary chorea. 

S. laudanum = viNUM opii*. 

Syd'mann’s serum or solution. Sodium chloride, 6 
Gm.; sodium bicarbonate, i Gm.; water, 1000 Cc. 
syl-lab'ic speech or utterance. =Scanning speech, 
sylTa-ble-stumbling. A form of dysphasia in 
which there is difficulty of pronouncing particu¬ 
lar syllables, resulting in a sort of stuttering, 
syl'la-bus. An outline of a course of lectures, 
syl-lep'sis. Pregnancy or conception. [K 
syl’vane. A liquid substance, CgHgO, or methylfur- 
furane, formed by dry distillation of pine wood. 
Syl-ves'ter’s method. = Silvester’s method. 
syl-ves^trene. A liquid terpene from turpentine, 
syl'vi an aqueduct. = Aqueduct of Sylvius. S. 
artery, the middle cerebral artery, which lies in 
the fissure of Sylvius. S. fissure, a fissure sepa¬ 
rating the anterior and middle lobes of the cere¬ 
brum ; fissura magni sylvii; fissura cerehralts lat¬ 
eralis [Sylvit]*. It lodges the middle cerebral 
artery. S. fossa, a depression on the cerebral 
hemispheres, particularly in the embryonal brain, 
between the arms of the fissure of Sylvius, fossa 
cerebralis lateralis [Sylvii\*". its bottom is occu¬ 
pied by the island of Reil or central lobe. S. 

61 


line, a line on the surface of the skull indicating 
the position of the sylvian fissure: it is drawn 
from the external angular process of the frontal 
bone to a point three-fourths of an inch below 
the most prominent point of the parietal bone. 
S. point, a point on the surface of the skull from 
29 to 32 millimetres behind the external angular 
process. It marks the point where the fissure of 
Sylvius reaches the convex surface of the cerebral 
hemisphere. S. sulcus, the sylvian fissure. S. 
tract, the region of the brain around the sylvian 
fissure. S. ventricle, the so-called fifth ventricle 
of the brain. [<Franciscus Sylvius, the. Latin 
form for the name of Francois de la Boe, French 
anatomist, 1614-1672: often erroneously referred 
to Jacobus Sylvius, i. e., Jacques Dubois, French 
anatomist, 1478-1555.] 

syl'vic acid. A colorless, crystalline substance, C^q- 
HjqOj, occurring in common rosin. 

syl'vi-duct, syl'vii aquaeduc'tus. = Aqueduct of 
Sylvius. 

Syl'vius’s fissure. =vSylvian fissure. 

Sym. Abbr. for symmetric. 

sym-. = Syn-. 

S3an'bi on, sym'bi-ont. An organism which lives in 
a condition of symbiosis. 

sym-bi-o'sis. The growing together of two organ¬ 
isms, each of which is necessary or advantageous 
for the existence of the other in order to produce 
certain results. i^Commensal. Thus, the bacil¬ 
lus of leprosy may be cultivated along with that 
of the cholera vibrio and an amoeba. Again, two 
non-toxic products from different associated or¬ 
ganisms may unite to form a specific toxic sub¬ 
stance. A parasite may be looked upon as an 
antagonistic (antipathetic) form of symbiosis, 
where the association is to the disadvantage of 
one of the sym'bi-onts. ^Vincent’s angina; 
secondary infection. Jsyni-bi-ot'ic. 

sym-bleph'a-ron, sym-bleph'a-rum, sym-bleph-a- 
ro'sis. Morbid or preternatural adhesion of the 
eyelid, chiefly the upper, to the eyeball, An¬ 
kyloblepharon ; SYNCANTHUS. S. antc'rius, ad¬ 
hesion of the portion of the lids near the edge. 
S. poste'rius, adhesion of the portion of the lids 
near the junction of the eye. S. tota'le, adhesion 
of the whole surface of the lids. [ < avv together -f 
(ile^apov eyelid.] fsyni-bleph'a-ro-pte-ryg'i um, 
an attachment between the lid and the eyeball 
by means of a pterygial growth. 

S3rm'bol. A type; emblem; sign; character. &■ 
R; a; oa; As. tsym'ho-lism, a morbid mental 
condition in which all events are believed to 
have a mystic significance, sym-bol'o-gy. i. = 
Symptomatology. 2. The science of symbols. 

Syme’s amputation 
(saimz). Ampu¬ 
tation of the foot 
above the malle¬ 
oli, the flap being 
made from the 
heel. S.’s oper¬ 
ation, external 
urethrotomy. 

S.’s rhinoplasty, 

English RHiNO- 
plasty, tsr Syme’s Amputation OF the Foot. 
Urethrotomy. 

[James Sywe, Scotch surgeon, 1799-1870.] 

Sy'ming-ton’s body. A collection of muscular 
and fibrous tissue between the coccyx and the 
anal canal; anococcygeal body. 



SYMMELUS 


962 


SYMPTOM 


sym'me-lus, sym'e-lus. A monstrosity with fusion 
of the lower limbs, the feet being double. 
ts3rm-me'li a. sym-mel'ian; sym-mel'ic. 
sym-met'ri-calgangrene. =Raynaud’s gangrene, 
S. nodes, nodes, usually not painful, affecting the 
bones of the upper and lower extremities in con¬ 
genital syphilis. S. points = identical points. 
sym'me-try. Adaptation of one part with another, 
sym-path-ec'to-my, sym-path-ic-ec'to-my. Remov¬ 
al of a portion of the sympathetic nerve, 
sym-path’e-o-neu-ri'tis. Inflammation of the sym¬ 
pathetic nerve. 

sym-pa-thet'ic, sym-path'ic. Having or pertaining 
to sympathy: reflex: specifically, the sympathetic 
nerve or nervous system. S. action = reflex 
ACTION. S. anthrax, anthrax. S. bubo, 
inflammation of an inguinal gland arising from 
mere irritation, not necessarily from venereal in¬ 
fection. t^BuBO. S. epilepsy = REFLEX epi¬ 
lepsy. S. gangrene = Raynaud’s disease. 
Great s. ==trisplanchnic nerve. S. headache, 
headache resulting from distant irritation. S. 
insanity, insanity induced by sympathy with a 
diseased condition of some part not directly con¬ 
nected with the brain. S. iritis, ^ iritis. S. 
irritation — REFLEX irritation. S. nerve = 
TRisPLANCHNic NERVE. S. nervous system, 
^ NERVOUS SYSTEM. S. neuritis, inflammation of a 
nerve on the opposite side from one previously 
inflamed, due to sympathy. S. ophthalmia, 
inflammation of one eye caused by disease of the 
other. S. saliva, saliva produced by the sub¬ 
maxillary gland when the sympathetic nerve is 
stimulated. S. symptom, a symptom for which 
no cause can be assigned except “sympathy.” 
S. system, systema nervorum sympatheticum*. 

Trisplanchnic nerve; vasomotor nerves. 
S. morning sickness or vomiting, nausea or vomit¬ 
ing in the husband of a pregnant woman. 
sym-pa-thet‘i-co-par-a-lyt'ic. Due to paralysis of 
any part of the sympathetic system, 
sym-pa-thet'i-co-ton'ic migraine. Headache caused 
by tonic contraction of the arteries, 
sympathet'icus ma'jor. “ Great sympathetic.” 
Trisplanchnic nerve. S. mi'nor, “ les.ser sym¬ 
pathetic,” the FACIAL NERVE, 
sym-pa-thet'i-plex. = Trisplanchnic nerve. 
sym-path'ic. = Sympathetic. 

sym-path*i-co-trip'sy. Crushing of the superior cer¬ 
vical ganglion for its therapeutic effect, 
sym'pa-thism. Suggestibility, especially as applied 
to hypnotic suggestion, tsym'pa-thist. 
sym'pa-thy. The feeling or suffering in common to 
which different parts of the body are subject. 
^Irradiation; metastasis; reflex. 
sym-per-i-to-ne'al suture. A suture uniting the 
serous surfaces of the peritoneum, 
sym-pex'is, sym-pex'i a. A concretion, 
sym-pho-nal-lax'is. Interchange of consonants. 

Phone^entall.-vxis. 

sym-pho-re'sis. = Congestion, tsym-pho-ret'ic. 
sym'pho-rol. A proprietary name for caffeine sul- 
phonate, when combined with lithium, strontium, 
etc.: diuretic. 

sym'phy-o-ceph'a-lus. A double monster united 
by the head. 

S3mi-phys'e al. Symphysis. 
sym-phys'e-o-tome, sym-phys'i-o-tome. An instru¬ 
ment used in the operation of symphyseotomy, 
sym-phys-e-ot'o-my, s5nn*phys-i-ot'o-my, sym-phy- 
sot'o-my. The operation of severing the liga¬ 
ments and the fibrocartilage of the pubic sym¬ 


physis, done in cases of difficult labor; pubic 
symphyseotomy; sigaultian operation, Pubi- 
OTOMY. [< GvfKpvoig symphysis -I- roprj cutting.] 
S3mi-phys'i on. A point in the middle line of the 
outer border of the alveolar process of the in¬ 
ferior maxilla. 

sym-phys-i-or'rha-phy. Suturing of the divided 
pubic symphysis. 

sym'phy-sis. i. The union of bones by means of 
an intervening substance, r®" Synarthrosis. 2, 
Fusion of parts. S. of the lower jaw, the median 
line of the lower jaw below the middle incisor 
teeth: it is the line of junction of the two portions 
which form the lower jaw; S. mandib'ulae; S. 
men'ti. S. pu'bis, “ symphysis of the pubis,” the 
pubic articulation, or union of the pubic bones, 
which are connected with each other by interar- 
ticular cartilage; symphysis ossium pubis*. S. o^ 
the sacrum and coccyx, the bony junction with 
its cartilages of the sacrum and coccyx. [ < gvv 
togetherto produce.] fsyni-phys'e al, as 
5 . angle, the angle between the line drawn from 
the mental point to the lower incisors and the 
line of the lower border of the lower jaw; and 
5 . 5 Mr/ace=sYMPHYsis PUBIS, sym-phys'ic, as 5 . 
teratism, a monstrosity in which there is con¬ 
genital or acquired fusion of parts or of organs, 
sym-phys-o-dac-tyl'i a. Fusion of the fingers, 
sym-phy-so'pi a. Fusion of the eyes into one: 
cyclopia. 

sym'phy-so-ske'li a. Monopodia. 
sym-phy-sot'o-my, sym-phy-trot'o-my. = Sym¬ 
physeotomy. 

sym'phy-tism. Coalescence, Symbiosis. 
Sym'phytum officina'le. A plant, the root of which 
is demulcent and astringent; comfrey^root. 
sym-pi'e-sis. Compression, 
sym-pi-e-som'e-ter, -zom'e-ter. A barometer. 
Symplocar'pus foe'tidus. = Dracontium fcetidum. 
Sym'plo-cos. A genus of trees, the leaves and bark 
of which are used as a digestive, a diaphoretic, 
sym-po'di a. Monopodia. 

S5mip'tom. A concurring circumstance happening 
simultaneously with the disease, and serving to 
point out its nature, character, and seat: it is a 
subjective manifestation, in contradistinction to 
a physical sign which is objective, m- Syndrome. 
Some of the varieties of symptoms not referred 
to under sign are Accidental, Complex of 
SYMPTOMS, Concomitant, Constitutional, De¬ 
layed (1®-DEFERRED SHOCK), DIRECT, DISSOCIA¬ 
TION, Equivocal, General (= constitutional), 
Labyrinthine, Local, Objective, Passive 
(= static). Pathognomonic, Physical, Pre¬ 
cursor, Premonitory, Pressure, Rational, 
Static, Subjective, and Sympathetic, for which 
see the adjectives or nouns. S.scomplex, S.s 
group, a number of morbid symptoms frequently 
occurring together; syndrome. [< L. sympto'ma, 
fr. Ghfinruiia chance; hence, something acciden¬ 
tal.] ts3rmp-to-mat'ic, relating to symptoms, or 
a disease which is a symptom of another, as 5. 
abscess, an abscess caused by, and indicative of, 
some other disease: S. anthrax, anthrax: S. 
cure, the disappearance of the manifestations of 
the disease, without effecting a cure, as from the 
application of the X-rays in leukaemia. S. diag¬ 
nosis, a diagnosis consisting in the determination 
of the most prominent symptoms: 5. diarrhoea — 
SECONDARY DIARRHOEA : S. disease, a disease which 
is a symptom of some prior disorder existing in 
some part of the body: opposed to idiopathic 


SYMPTOMATIATRIA 


963 


SYNCYTIOLYSIN 


disease. S. epilepsy, Jacksonian epilepsy: 5. 
fever, fever forming one of the symptoms of a 
disease. S. /iea(iac/te = reflex headache; S. in¬ 
dication, an indication for diagnosis and treatment 
given by the symptoms which arise: S. palpita¬ 
tion, palpitation of the heart sometimes seen when 
there are taeniae in the intestine: 5. parotitis, 
parotid bubo: opposed to specific parotitis 
(mumps): 5. purpura, hemorrhagic spots on the 
skin, due to welbrecognized causes, such as in¬ 
fectious and poisonous diseases, nutritive and 
vasomotor disturbances, etc.; 5. saliva, altered 
saliva secreted by the submaxillary gland upon 
stimulation of its sympathetic nerve=supply: S. 
treatment, treatment of the symptoms of a disease 
rather than of the disease itself: and 5. ulcer, an 
ulcer indicative of some general disease, 
symp-to-mat-i-a'tri a, symp-to-mi-a'tri a. Treat¬ 
ment directed to the symptoms of a disease only, 
symp'to-ma-tize. To present the symptoms of. 
symp'to-ma-tog'ra-phy. A description of the signs 
or symptoms of disease. 

symp’to-ma-tol'o-gy. That branch of medicine 
which treats of symptoms or signs; semeiotics. 

tsymp-to-mat-o-log'i-cal. 

symp-to'sis. Gradual wasting of an organ or part, 
sym'pus. A monstrosity with fusion of the lower 
limbs and the feet ; sirenomelus. S. dipus. 

J. A. M. A. ’o6.] [< together-f-7ropf foot.] 

syn-. With; together with; at the same time as; 
often implying union, harmony, or symmetry; 
sometimes intensive: it becomes sym- before 
p, b, and m, and syl- before 1 . 
syn-a-del'phus. = Syndelphus. 
syn-ae-re'ma. A wrinkled state of the skin, 
syn-aes-the'si a. Secondary or associated sensation 
in one place when another is stimulated; the 
constant association of a sensation with another 
of a different kind, as in color=sound, where there 
is a definite association of color with some defi¬ 
nite sound (phonism) or with light (photism). 
syn-ae'tion. The secondary cause of a disease. 

Dl. ’o6.] 

syn-al'gi a. Sensation of pain in one part when an¬ 
other part is irritated; sympathetic pain, fsyn- 
al'gic. 

syn-a-nas-to-mo'sis. The anastomosis of several 
vessels, . 

sy-nan'che. =Cynanche. 

syn-an-the'ma. A local eruption of the skin, con¬ 
sisting of a group of papules, 
syn-an'thene. A yellowish, crystalline compound, 
Ci 4 H,j, found in crude anthracene; phosene. 
syn-an'the-rin. A hydrocarbon in Jerusalem arti¬ 
choke; inulin, 

syn-an'throse. A sugar, CeHijOg, from dahlia root 
and other tubers. 

syn-aph-y-me-ni'tis. = Conjunctivitis. 
sy-nap'se. A region between the axon and the 
DENDRON in which there is clasping of the 
arborizating dendrites of a Purkinje cell: it pos¬ 
sesses different properties from the rest of the 
nervous arc. [L.] 

sy-nap'sis. The pairing of the chromosomes at a 
period just before the germ*cells are formed, 
which is followed by cleavage or reduction in 
which the maternal and paternal chromosomes 
again separate. [L.] 
sy-nap'tase. = Emulsin. 

syn-ar-thro'sis, syn-ar-thro'di a. An immovable 
joint: applied to a class of articulationshaving 
four varieties,— SUTURA, schindylesis, gompho- 


sis, and synchondrosis. [<, avv together-f- 
apOpov joint.] fsyn-ar-thro'di al, 5. cartilage, the 
cartilage of an immovable articulation 
syn-can'thus. Adhesion of the eyeball to the orbit. 

Symblepharon. 

syn-car-y-o'sis. Syncytial growth, 
syn-ceph'a-lus. A twin monstrosity with fused 
heads; janus; janiceps; it may be symmetrical or 
asymmetrical. ^ Craniopagus. 
syn-chei'ral, syn-chi'ral. A movement of the right 
and left foot in unison. 

syn-chil'i a. Malformation of the face in which the 
lips are fused: it is usually acquired as the result 
of scalds, tumors, etc. 

syn-chon-dro'sis. A union of bones by intervening 
cartilage; a variety of synarthrosis or immovable 
articulation, as in the symphysis pubis. [ < ovv 
together-f-;^fdpdpo^■ cartilage.] fsyn-chon-dro'si al. 
syn-chon-drot'o-my. The operation of dividing a 
cartilaginous union of bones: particularly the 
division of the symphysis pubis, 
syn-cho-pex'is, syn-cho-pex'i a. = Tachycardia. 
syn'chro-nism. The concurrence in time of two or 
more events or phenomena; simultaneousness, 
tsyn'chro-nous or syn-chron'i-cal, as 5. amputa¬ 
tion, amputation of two parts by two different 
operators operating at the same time, 
syn'chy-sis. Liquefaction or fluidity of the vitreous 
humor, as from inflammatory disease of the ureal 
tract. c^Hyalitis; muiodesopsia. S. scintil'- 
lans or sparkling s., softening of the vitreous hu¬ 
mor with glittering particles of cholesterin or 
tyrosine floating in it. 

Synchy'trium. A genus of Chytri'dece, as S. mies- 
cheri'num, c^Miescher’s tubes. [^I/. M. ’o6.] 
syn-clei'sis. =Synclitism. 

syn-cli'nal. Inclining or bending together or to¬ 
ward each other 

syn'cli-tism, syn-clit'i-cism. The maintenance of 
parallelism of the axis of the fetal head and that 
of the pelvis, fsyn-clit'ic. 
syn'clo-nus, syn-clo'ne-sis. A genus of Good’s 
nosology, comprising diseases characterized by 
tremulous and simultaneous clonic agitation of 
the muscles, particularly when exerted under the 
influence of the will. S. ballis'mus, S. tre'mor = 

PARALYSIS AGITANS. S. beribe'lia = BERIBERI. 

S. sal'tans = chorea, fsyn-clon'ic, as S. spasm, 
clonic spasm of more than one muscle, 
syn'co-pe. A suspension of respiration and the 
heart’s action, which may be complete, without 
being fatal, as in severe forms of hysterical leth¬ 
argy, or partial, as in certain forms of appar¬ 
ent death; swooning; fainting. S. cardi'aca 
angino'sa = angina pectoris. Catss., fainting 
caused in extremely susceptible persons by the 
presence of a cat, ^ Ailurophobia. S. laryn'- 
gea, laryngeal vertigo. Local s., a disease in which 
the affected part becomes white and apparently 
devoid of blood and the skin loses its sensibility, 
the temperature of the part being diminished 
and power of movement lost; acute Raynaud’s 
disease; local asphyxia; anginose syncope. [ < avv 
intensive -f Koirrstv to cut short.] fsyn'co-pal, 
relating to, or attended by, syncope, syn-cop'ic, 
relating to or causing syncope, syn-cop'tic, be¬ 
longing to or causing syncope, 
syn-cra'ni us. The superior maxillary bone, 
syn-cy'anin. A blue pigment from the Bacil'lus 
syncya'neum. 

.syn-cy-ti-o-ly'sin. A lysin destroying syncytial 
cells. Jsyn-cy-ti-o-ly'sis. 



SYNCYTIOMA 


964 


SYNOTUS 


syn-cy-ti-o'ma. i. A tumor developing during or 
after pregnancy whose parenchyma consists of the 
epithelial cells covering the chorionic villi; decid- 
uoma malignum. ^Langhans’s layer. 2. A 
tumor made up of syncytial cells and a frame* 
work; due to mechanical irritation of the mucous 
membrane. 

syn-cy-ti-o-tox'in. A cytotoxin -against syncytium, 
syn-cyt'i-um. i. A single cell with many nuclei. 
2. The undifferentiated mass of endothelial 
cells of the capillaries which go to produce new 
blood-vessels in granulation tissue. 2. The ag¬ 
gregation of epithelial cells of the chorionic villi. 
[< aw together+ /ct'rof cell.] tsyn-C3rt'i al. syn- 
cyt-i-o'ma-tous. [Tf J. H. B. ’07.] 
syn-dac'ty-lism, syn-dac-tyl'i a. Coherence of the 
fingers or toes: a monster thus deformed is called 
syn-dac'ty-lus ; webbed fingers or toes. [< ovv 
together + daKTvXog finger.] tsyn-dac'tyl. syn- 
dac'ty-lous. 

syn-dec'to-my. Excision of a circular strip of the 
conjunctiva from around the cornea with the ob¬ 
ject of cutting off the blood=supply of the cornea 
for the cure of pannus; peritomy; circumcision 
of the cornea. 

syn-del'phus, syn-a-del'phus. A twin monster with 
a single head and pelvis, thoraces united, and 
eight lirhbs. [< cvv together -f- brother.] 

syn-des-mec-to'pi a. Displacement or unusual sit¬ 
uation of a ligament. 

syn-des-mi'tis. i. Inflammation of a ligament. 2. 

Conjunctivitis. [< cvydeG/iog ligament 4 - -itis.] 
syn-des'mo-. Denoting a ligament: a combining 
form. [< avv^eofiog ligament.] syn-des*mo-di- 
as'ta-sis, separation of the ligaments.— syn-des- 
mog'ra-phy, a description of the ligaments.— 
syn-des-mol'o-gy, syn-des-mo-lo'gi a, a treatise 
on ligaments; the science of ligaments.— syn- 
des-mo'ma, new growth consisting principally of 
connective tissue. — syn-des'moso-don'toid, the 
posterior of the two atlo-axoid articulations, 
formed between the anterior surface of the trans¬ 
verse ligament and the back of the odontoid proc¬ 
ess.— syn-des-mop'a-thy = desmopathy. — syn- 
des*mo-phar-yn-ge'us, an occasional muscular slip 
extending from the lateral thyrohyoid ligament 
to the middle constrictor of the pharynx.— syn- 
des^mos, that which binds together: hence, a lig¬ 
ament.— syn-des-mo'sis*, union of bones by liga¬ 
ments, fasciae, or membranes, a variety of amphi- 
arthrosis or mixed articulation. S. basila'ris, the 
connective tissue joining the fibrous portion of 
the temporal bone to the basilar process of the 
occipital and the body of the sphenoid. fsyn- 
des-mot'ic. — syn-des’mo-thy-roi'de us, the sub- 
thyroideus muscle when inserted upon the vocal 
bands.— syn-des-mot'o-my, dissection of the artic¬ 
ular ligaments. 

syn-det'i-con. A proprietary fish-glue adhesive, 
syn'drome, pi. syndromes. The combination of 
symptoms in a disease; a group of symptoms; 
symptom-group; symptom-complex. Dis¬ 

ease; sign; symptom. For the various varieties 
of syndrome, see the adjectives or proper names. 
S3m-e-chi'a. i. Adhesion of the iris to the cornea, 
termed Synechia anterior; or to the capsule of the 
lens, called Synechia posterior. Annular or Circu¬ 
lar s., adhesion of the whole rim of the pupil to 
the lens: called also Exclusion of the pupil. Total 
s., adhesion of the whole surface of the iris to 
the lens. 2. Any adhesion, as of the tympanic 
membrane to the tympanum, tsyn-e'chi al. 


syn-e-chot'o-my, syn-e-chi-ot'o-my. The operation 
of cutting a synechia: the instrument for so doing 
is called a syn-ech'o-tome. 
syn'ec-ten-te-rot'o-my. The cutting of an intestinal 
band; the instrument for so* doing is a syn-ec- 
ten'te-ro-tome. Enterotome. 
syn-en-ce-pha'li a. A condition in which there are 
two bodies and one head: such a monster is a 
syn-en-ceph'a-lus. 

syn-en-ceph'a-lo-cele. Fetal encephalocele with 
adhesions to the adjoining parts, 
syn'er-gist. In medicine, an agent or remedy that 
cooperates with another and promotes its action: 
opposed to ANTAGONIST, tsyn-er-glst'ic. 
syn'er-gy. The perfect cooperation of the vital 
forces or of drugs in order to produce a beneficial 
result which individually would be impossible of 
accomplishment, fsyn-er-get'ic or syn-er'gic, act¬ 
ing in harmony, as 5 . muscles, muscles which 
work together to produce a certain movement, 
syn-er'gi a. syn-er'gism. 
syn'e-sis. Sagacity; intelligence, 
syn-ae'tion. That which aids in producing disease. 
Syn'gamus trachea'lis. A worm causing gapes in 
chickens. 

syn-gen'e-sis. i. That form of reproduction in 
which the embryo is formed by a union of the 
spermatozoon of the male with the ovum of the 
female, each element being essential for the de¬ 
velopment of the embryo, tsr Ovarism ; sper- 
MATiSM. 2. The theory that every germ contains 
in itself the germs of all future generations, 
fsyn-ge-net'ic; syn-gen'ic. 
syn-gig'no-scism. = Hypnotism. 
syn-i-dro'sis. Concurrent perspiration, 
syn-i-nen'sis. Syndesmosis. 
syn-i-ze'sis, syn-e-zi'sis. Occlusion of the pupil, 
syn-ki-ne'sis, syn-ki-ne'si a. Reflex movement of 
a part associated with movement in another part, 
as where the patient is unable to use one hand 
without making the same movements with the 
other hand, fsyn-ki-net'ic. 
syn-neu-ro'sis. Ligamentous union of bones; syn¬ 
desmosis. [ < Gvv together + vevpov tendon.] 
syn'o-chus, S5ni'o-cha. A continued fever. i^Sthen- 
ic. S. bilio'sa = GASTRIC fever. S. ictero'des = 
YELLOW FEVER, fsyn'o-chal ; syn'o-choid. 
syn-oph-thal'mi a. The state of a syn-oph-thal'mus, 
a monster with one eye; cyclops. 
syn-op'si a, syn-op'sy. Union of the eyes, 
syn-or'chism. Union or fusion of testicles. tsy*i“Or- 
chidT a; s3m-or'chi-dism. 

sjrn-os'che-os. Partial or complete adhesion of the 
penis to the scrotum. 

syn-os-te-og'ra-phy. Description of the joints, 
syn-os-te-ol'o-gy, syn-os-tol'o-gy. The science of 
the joints or articulations ; arthrology. 
S3rn-os-te-oph'y-tum. Congenital osseous growth; 
s5m-os'te-o-ph5rte. 

syn-os-te-o'sis, syn-os-to'sis. i. synarthrodial 
joint in which two adjacent bones are united by 
their ossified interconnecting cartilage. 2. Union 
of originally separated bones by ossific deposit, 
as in the case of a permanently ankylosed joint, 
tsyn'os-tosed, joined by osseous material, syn- 
os-tot'ic. 

syn-os-te-ot'o-my. Dissection of the joints: a knife 
so employed is called a syn-os'te-o-tome. 
syn-o'ti a. Union of the ears; as in agnathia. 
sy-no'tus, sy-no'tis. A double monster with par¬ 
tially fused head, having a face on one side and 
an ear or two ears on the other. 


SYNOVECTOMY 


965 


SYPHILELCOSIS 


S3rn-o-vec'to-my. Excision of a synovial membrane, 
sy-no'vi a. The unctuous fluid secretion in the 
joints with which the cartilaginous surfaces of 
the articulating heads of bones are lubricated 
and their motions facilitated; jointsoil. [Sup¬ 
posed to be derived from avv, perhaps implying 
union or close resemblance-f wov egg, on account 
of its resemblance to the white of an egg.] fsy- 
no'vi al, relating to the synovia; secreting or con¬ 
taining synovia, as 5 . bursa, a pouch of mem¬ 
brane interposed between surfaces which move 
upon each other to diminish friction: bursa mu¬ 
cosa: 5 . capsule, articular S. membrane: 5 . 
cyst, cystic enlargement of a synovial sheath or 
bursa: 5 . fluid, synovia: 5 . fold, a fold of syno¬ 
vial membrane which projects into the cavity of 
a joint around the periphery of articulation; plica 
synovialis; ligamentum mucosum; haversian 
fringe: 5 . frcena, folds of synovial membrane in 
tendonssheaths, stretching from the outer surface 
of the tendon to the inner surface of the sheath: 
5 . /n«ge = SYNOVIAL fold: 5 . glands, fringed 
folds of the synovial membranes, formerly sup¬ 
posed to secrete synovia; glands of Havers; Ha¬ 
vers’s mucilaginous glands: S. hernia, hernia of 
the synovial membrane of a joint through a 
laceration in the capsular ligament; Birkett’s 
hernia: 5 . layer, the joint*capsule; stratum syno- 
viale*. S. ligaments, large folds of synovial 
membrane within joints: S. membrane, a mem¬ 
brane secreting synovia and lining the cavities of 
joints, acting as sheaths for tendons, or forming 
synovial bursae: Articular s. membrane, the serous 
membrane lining the capsular ligament and ex¬ 
tending upon the edges of the articular cartilages 
of a joint; synovial capsule: Bursal s. membrane, 
the synovial lining of a bursa mucosa; vesicular 
s. membrane: Vaginal s. membrane — S. sheath: 
5 . rheumatism, synovitis with rheumatic pains; 
gonorrhoeal rheumatism: S. sheath, a synovial 
membrane lining certain cavities in which ten¬ 
dons lie: and 5 . villi or tufts, delicate connectives 
tissue filaments projecting from a synovial mem¬ 
brane into a jointscavity; villi synoviales*. 
sy-no-vi-a'lis. i. Synovial. 2. A synovial mem¬ 
brane. [L.] tsy-no'vi-al-ly. 
syn'o-vin. Mucin found in synovia, 
syn-o-vip'a-rous. Producing synovia. S. crypts, 
diverticula of synovial membranes, 
syn-o-vi'tis. Inflammation of a synovial membrane; 
arthromeningitis. It is attended with pain, es¬ 
pecially on movement, and with swelling of the 
joint, due to effusion within the synovial sac. If 
the effusion be purulent, there may be fever and 
other constitutional symptoms. Croupous s., syn¬ 
ovitis with fibrinous deposits upon the synovial 
membrane and the formation of pus. Dry s., 
synovitis with little or no effusion; fibrinous s. 
Exanthematous s., synovitis due to one of the 
exanthemata, as scarlatinal s., in which the joints 
of the fingers are especially attacked. Fibrinous 
s., dry s. S. fungo'sa, fungous arthritis. S. 
gonorrhoe'ica, gonorrhoeal rheumatism. S. hyper- 
plas^tica, synovitis combined with hyperplasia of 
the synovial membrane. S. hyperplas'tica granu¬ 
losa, tuberculous synovitis. S. hyperplas'tica 
panno'sa, synovitis in which the membrane grows 
up over the articular cartilage, so as to look like 
pannus. Lipomatous s., synovitis with fatty de¬ 
generation of the deposit. Metritic s., synovitis 
set up by absorption of septic material from the 
uterus. Puerperal s., synovitis due to septic in¬ 


fection after childbirth. S. purulen'ta, inflam* 
mation of synovial membrane with purulent 
effusion. S. rheumatisma'lis, acute articular 
rheumatism. Scarlatinal s., exanthematous s. 

S. serofibrino'sa, synovitis producing a serofi¬ 
brinous exudate in the synovial cavity; hydrops 
articuli. S. sep'tica or pyae'mica, synovitis 
caused by septic or pyaemic affections. S. sero'- 
sa, hydrarthrosis; suppurative s.; acute synovitis 
with formation of pus; pyarthrosis; arthropyosis; 
empyema articuli. Syphilitic s., synovitis due to 
syphilis. S. tendino'sa, inflammation of the 
sheath of a tendon. Tuberculous s., synovitis in 
which there are tuberculous deposits. Urethral 
s., gonorrhoeal rheumatism. S. vertebra'lis = 
spondylarthritis, 
syn-sar-co'sis. = Syssarcosis. 
syn'ta-sis. Tension of parts, tsyn-tat'ic. 
syn-te-cop'y-ra. Hectic fever, 
syn-te-no'sis. Syndesmosis. 

syn-te-re'sis. Preventive treatment. [< avv to¬ 
gether + to watch over.] fsyn-te-ret'ic, 

prophylactic. 

syn-tex'is. Wasting of the body; consumption, 
tsyn-tec'tic. 

syn'the-na. A kind of epilepsy attended by griping 
of the bowel and burning pain in the stomach, 
syn-ther'mal. = Isothermal. 

syn'the-sis. i. The formation of a compound sub¬ 
stance by the union of several distinct elements 
or radicals, as in the manufacture of acetanilide 
from benzol; an operation by which compound 
substances are combined to form others more 
complex; composition: opposed to analysis. 2. 

A surgical operation which consists in uniting 
parts that have been divided. [ < avv together + 
TiOivai to place.] fsyn-thet'ic. Relating to syn¬ 
thesis, or effected by synthesis, as S. medicine, 
medicine of the intelligent individual in contra¬ 
distinction to preventive medicine of the com¬ 
munity: and S. remedy, any synthetic chemical 
compound used in medicine, 
syn'the-tism, syn-the-tis'mus. The complete opera¬ 
tion of setting a broken bone, beginning with 
extension and ending with bandaging, 
syn'thol. A synthetic preparation presenting some 
of the characters of an alcohol, 
syn-tho'rax. = Thoracopagus. 

syn'to-nin. An acid albumin, especially muscle* ’ 
fibrin, Cj44H224N3eS042. or that derived from 
muscle, or that formed in the stomach during 
digestion. [ < cvvreiveiv to stretch or draw: re¬ 
ferring to the property of muscular fibre.] 
syn-tox'oid. A toxoid having as much affinity for 
antitoxin as did the original toxin, 
syn'to-py. The connection existing between a part 
and the viscera. Idiotopy ; skeletotopy. 

fsyn-top'ic. 

syn-trip'sis. A comminuted fracture, 
syn-trop'ic. Turned in the same direction, as the 
vertebrae or ribs. 

syn-tro'phus. A disease of congenital origin, 
syn-u-lo'sis. Cicatrization. [< avvovKovv to cause 
to cicatrize.] fsyn-u-lo-dyn'i a, pain in a cicatrix. 
s5m-u-lot'ic. 

syn-y-men'sis. = Syndesmosis. 

sy'phac. An obsolete term for the peritoneum. 

syph'a-li-dol'o-gy, syph-a-lol'o-gy. = Syphilidol- 

OGY. 

syph-i-lel'cos, syph-i-lel'cus. A chancre, 
syph’i-lel-co'sis. The growth or progress of a 
chancre. 


SYPHILICOMA 


906 


fijrph-il-i-co'ma. A place to care for syphilitics. 
53 rph'i-lide. i. A syphilitic cutaneous affection ; 
syphiloderm. Tuberculide. 2. Syphilitic 

lesion of a mucous membrane. Acneiform s., 
acneslike eruption, with infiltration at the bases 
of the pustules, usually leaving pigmented spots. 
Annular s., circinate s. Bullous s., bullous 
ulcerating syphilitic cutaneous lesion. Circinate 
s., a squamous variety occurring in circular 
patches; syphiloderma circinatum. Ecthymatous 
s., pustular syphilide occurring among the ca¬ 
chectic. Erythematous s., syphilitic roseola. 
Follicular s., papular syphilide of the hair=folli- 
cles; miliary syphilide; syphilitic lichen. Her- 
petiform s., vesicular syphilide in which the 
lesions are grouped in irregular serpiginous 
forms. Impetiginous s., small pustules covered 
by yellowish or brownish crust on the scalp; 
syphilitic impetigo. Late s., a tertiary syphilitic 
disease of the skin. Lenticular s., an early form 
of syphilide, in which the lesions are raised, con¬ 
vex, and sharply defined. Macular s., syphilitic 
roseola. Miliary s., follicular syphilide. Nodular 
s., tubercular syphiloderm. Nummular s., a 
papular variety in which large scales of the 
epidermis exfoliate; syphiloderma papulossqua- 
mosum. Orbicular s., circinate s. Papular s., 
lichen syphiliticus. Papulosquamous s., a cuta¬ 
neous manifestation of tertiary syphilis con¬ 
sisting of scaly papules. Pemphigoid s., syph¬ 
ilitic pemphigus. Pigmentary s., syphilitic leuko¬ 
derma. Pustular s., an ulcerating syphilide usu¬ 
ally resulting in a pigmented scar or depression. 
Rupial s., syphilitic iMpia. Secondary s.,a syph¬ 
ilide formed in secondary syphilis. Squamous s., 
papulosquamous s. Tertiary s., a syphilide occur¬ 
ring in tertiary syphilis. Tubercular s., tuber¬ 
cular syphiloderm. Varicelliform s., a variety of 
vesicular syphilide in which the vesicles are situ¬ 
ated on a raised surface, of a dull red color, 
contain a cloudy fluid, and dry into thick, green¬ 
ish crusts. Vesicular s., a cutaneous manifesta¬ 
tion of secondary syphilide consisting of vesicles, 
syph-i-lid'i-a-ter. A physician who makes a special¬ 
ty of treating syphilis. 
syph‘i-li-doch'thus. A syphilitic tubercle, 
syphd-li-do-col-pi'tis. Syphilis of the vagina, 
syphd-li-dog'ra-phy. A treatise on syphilis. 
8 yph*i-li-dol'o-gy. The doctrine or science of syph¬ 
ilis and its treatment, fsyphd-li-dol'o-gist. 
syph*i-lid-oph-thal'mi a. Syphilitic ophthalmia, 
syph'i-lin. The morbific contagium of syphilis. 
syph*i-li-on'thus. = Syphionthus. 
syphd-li-pho'bi a. = Syphilophobia. 
gyph'i-lis. A contagious disease of long duration, 
due to the Spiroch^ta pallida of Schaudinn, in 
which the primary lesion originates by contact of 
an abraded surface with the virus, in coition or 
otherwise {acquired syphilis), or by hereditary 
transmission {congenital syphilis) ; lues venerea; 
pox. Syphilis first appears as a hard chancre at 
the point of infection, with indolent enlargement 
of the neighboring lymphatic glands {primary 
syphilis) ; this is followed by constitutional symp¬ 
toms consisting in slight fever, ulcers in the 
throat, blotches on the skin, loss of hair, and pain 
in the bones, due to diffusion of the morbific 
matter through the system {secondary syphilis)- 
The third stage {tertiary syphilis) is characterized 
by granulomatous changes in the bones, arteries, 
viscera, etc. Lastly, para* or meta*syphilitic 
lesions, such as locomotor ataxia and paresis, ap- 


SYPHILIS 

pear {quaternary syphilis) . The serum diagnosis 0/ 
syphilis may be made in about 90% of all cases. 
Apes, rabbits and guinea-pigs may be inoculated 
with syphilis, the latter animals in the testicle. For 
Ehrlich’s newtreatment, see six hundred and six. 



Treponema pallidum as 
seen by dark-stage illu¬ 
mination. (X 1500.) 


The disease was probably known to the ancients. 
The word itself is first used in a Latin poem by 
Fracastori (1521) whose hero, Syphilus, was at¬ 
tacked by the disease, Wegner’s sign. S. 
brephotroph'ica, syphilis among infants and their 
attendants. Congenital s., syphilis existing at 
birth, either hereditary or due to infection from 
the mother. Constitutional s., secondary or ter¬ 
tiary SYPHILIS. S. d’embl6e, syphilis without 
any clear history of a preliminary sore. [Fr.] 
Equine s., a very fatal disease of horses, in which 
inflammatory lesions of the genital organs are 
prominent. Experimental s., syphilis induced 
intentionally as in certain of the apes. Extra- 
genital s., syphilis in which the chancre occurs 
elsewhere than on the genitalia. S. insontium, 
syphilis of the innocent, i. e., acquired without 
sexual intercourse. Gonorrhoeal s., chancre of 
the urethra. Hereditary s., constitutional syphilis 
communicated to the foetus in utero or due to 
the infection of the sexual elements; congenital 
syphilis; inherited syphilis. Infantile s., heredi¬ 
tary syphilis appearing in the infant. S. inno- 
cen'tium or inson'tium, syphilis not acquired by 
coitus. Malignant s., syphilis running a very 
rapid course and with extremely grave symptoms. 
S. oeqonom'ica, syphilis acquired by contact 
with articles used,by syphilitics. S. pandem'ica, 
syphilis occurring as an epidemic. Primary s. 
See under Syphilis. Secondary s. See under 
Syphilis. S. tech'nica, syphilis acquired by 
physicians or others in the exercise of their voca¬ 
tions. Tertiary s. See under Syphilis. Vac¬ 
cination s., syphilis due to infection at time of a 
vaccination wound. Visceral s., syphilis affect¬ 
ing the viscera. [Etymology uncertain. See 
under Syphilis.] tsyph-i-lit'ic. Pertaining to. 
caused by, or affected with syphilis; one who has 
syphilis, as S. arteriosclerosis, sclerosis of an 
artery due to syphilis. S. arthritis, is“ arthritis: 
5 . bubo, bubo: S. chancre, hard chancre: 5 . 
diathesis, the bodily state or condition caused by 
constitutional syphilis: S. endometritis, 1®* endo¬ 
metritis: S. exanthem, roseola syphilitica; 
5 . fever, fever manifested as a symptom of syph¬ 
ilis: S. gangrene, gangrene resulting from syph- 



Spiroch^te refringens, 
under similar conditions. 
{Oxf.Med.Publ., Vol.j.) 


SYRUPUS 


SYPHILIZE 


967 


o 

It- ^ 

tj . 

o <? 


ilitic infection and degeneration of arteries: S. 
hybridism, the simultaneous occurrence of syph¬ 
ilis and some other disease, giving rise to a 
state which resembles neither 
syphilis nor the other disease: a b 

S. impetigo, impetiginous 
syphilide, i^syphilide: 5 . 
kidney, a kidney marked by 
gummata or by scars result- 
ing from them: S. laryngitis, 
chronic laryngitis caused by 
syphilis: S. lichen, follicular 
syphilide: 5 . liver, a liver 
marked by syphilitic lesion, 
such as gummata or the re¬ 
sulting scars, or cirrhotic atro¬ 
phy: S. meningitis, meningitis 
due to syphilis: 5 . myositis, a. Outlines of hard 
inflammation of muscular tis- chancre, b Of 

sue due to syphilis. S. necro- ( Dardenne .) 
sis, necrosis of bone of syph¬ 
ilitic origin. S. nephritis, ^nephritis: 5 . nod.’, 
a nodular swelling on a bone produced by syphilitic 
periostitis: 5 . paronychia, ulcerative paronychia 
due to syphilis: S. rheumatism, periostitis with 
rheumatic pains, due to syphilis: S. rhinitis, rhini¬ 
tis due to syphilis and associated with ulceration, 
caries of bone, and fetid ozaena: S. roseola, eillo- 
rescence, varying in color from a pale rose to a 
dark red, occurring most commonly on the trunk 
and flexor aspects of the limbs, which is the 
earliest and most common cutaneous symptom 
of syphilis: 5 . rupia, a rupial eruption of an 
echthymatous nature: S. synovitis, is* synovitis. 
5 . teeth, Hutchinson’s teeth: and 5 . ulcer, 
ulceration due to syphilis, 
syph'i-lize. To inoculate with syphilis, especially 
in order to render the system immune to its ef¬ 
fect. tsyph*i-li-za'tion. 

syph*i-lo-ce'lis. Syphilitic patches on the skin. ^ 
Syphionthus. 

syph*i-lo-cer-e-bro'sis. Cerebral syphilis, 
syph'i-lo-derm, syphd-lo-der'ma. = Syphilide. 

fsyph-i-lo-der'ma-to us. 
syph’i-10“dogTa-phy. = Syphilidography. 
syph-i-log'e-ny, syphd-lo-gen'e-sis. The origin of 
syphilis. 

syph-i-log'ra-pher. A writer upon syphilis, tsyph- 
i-log'ra-phy = Syphilidography. 
syph'i-loid. i. Resembling syphilis. 2. An en¬ 
demic, tubercular and ulcerous skinsdisease, re¬ 
sembling syphilis, or the malady itself, and 
denominated Canadian, Courland, Hessian, etc., 
according to the country where it has prevailed 
at different periods. ^Radesyge; sibbens. 
syph-i-lol'e-pis. Syphilitic scaly eruption, 
syph-i-lol'o-gy. That department of medicine 
which treats of syphilis, fsyph-i-lol'o-gist. 
syph-i-lo'ma. A tumor of syphilitic origin, as of 
the brain or heart. 

syph-i-lo-ma'ni a. i. Mania for ascribing diseases 
to syphilis. 2. Syphilophobia. 
syph-i-lom'a-tous. Relating to, or of the character 
of, syphiloma. 

syph*i-lo-niy'ces. = Condyloma. 
s)rph'i-loso-nych'i a. Onychia due to syphilis, 
syph-i-lop'a-thy. Disease of syphilitic origin, 
syph-i-loph'ly-sis. A vesicular syphilitic eruption. 
syph*i-lo-pho^bi a. Morbid fear of contracting 
syphilis, or insane belief that one has contracted 
syphilis, tsyph'i-lo-phobe. syph-i-lo-pho'bic. 
syph'i-lo-phy'ma. Any syphilitic growth. 



Syringe 


syph-i-lo'sis. A syphilitic disease, 
syph-i-on'thus. Copper* or fawn»colored, scaly syph¬ 
ilitic eruptions, 
syph'ite. Somnambulism, 
sy'phon. = S i p ho n . 
sy-pho-no'ma. = Siphonoma. 

Syr. Abbr. for L. syru'pus syrup. 

Syr'i ac ulcer. Diphtheria. 

Syr'i an plague, Oriental sore. 
sy-rig-mo-pho'ni a. A high, whistling voice, 
sy-rig'mus. Tinnitus aurium. [< to hiss.] 

Syrin'ga. A genus of oleaceous shrubs, reputed to 
be tonic and antiperiodic. From the bark of 5 . 
vulga'ris is obtained sy-rin'gin, which when 
heated forms sy-rin'ge-nin. 
sy-rin-gad-e-no'ma. A benign tumor of a sweat 
canal. 

syr'inge. An instrument for injecting liquids into 
any vessel or cav- 
ity: denominated 
ear, hypodermic, 
etc., according to 
its uses. ^Anel’s s. ; Davidson’s s. ; fountain*; 
Pravaz's s. fsy-rin'gal, as S. hemorrhage. 
syr-in-gi'tis. Inflammation of the eustachian tube, 
sy-rin'go-. Denoting a tube or canal: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< avpiy^ tube.] sy-rin-go-bul'bi a, a 
syringomyelic condition in which the cavity ex¬ 
tends up to the internal capsule. [^| B. M.J. ij. 
’06.] — sy-rin'go-cele, the canal in the centre 
of the spinal cord of the embryo.— sy-rin*go- 
cys-tad-e-no'ma = hydradenoma. — sy-rin'goid, 
resembling a pipe or tube; fistulous.— sy-rin*- 
go-me-nin'go-cele, a meningocele which resem¬ 
bles a syringomyelocele.— sy-rin'go-my-e'li a, a 
condition in which abnormal cavities exist in 
the gray substance of the spinal cord, due to 
degeneration of the cord*substance, caused by 
hemorrhage followed by softening and necrosis. 
The disease is always congenital and develops 
very slowly, appearing usually between the ages 
of 20 to 30. It is marked by progressive atrophy 
of the muscles, loss of the pain and temperature 
senses, and vasomotor and trophic changes in 
the skin, joints, etc. A similar condition, but 
occurring in children, is called hydromyelia. 
IS- Morvan’s disease.— sy-rin'go-my-e-li'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the spinal cord together with 
formation of cavities in its substance.— sy-rin’- 
go-my-el'o-cele, tumor consisting of protrusion of 
the membranes and substance of the cord, in¬ 
cluding a cavity which is continuous with the 
central canal of the cord, through the spina 
bifida; hydromyelocele.— sy-rin*go-my'e-lus, dila¬ 
tation of the central canal of the spinal cord, the 
gray matter being converted into connective 
tissue.— syr-in-got'o-my, the operation of laying 
open a fistula. The instrument with which this 
is done is called a sy-rin'go-tome. 
syr'inx. A pipe or fistula; syringe; eustachian tube. 
Syr'ski’s organ. The male parts of the eel. 
syr'up. I. =Syrupus*. 2. Any composition of 
the juice of herbs, flowers, or fruits, boiled with 
sugar to a thick consistence, 
sy-ru'pus*. Syrup, containing 85% of sugar dis¬ 
solved in water either by heat or by percolation: 
specific gravity 1.313 at 25° C. (79° F.). S. aca'- 
ciae*, syrup of acacia; made from 10% acacia 
and 80% sugar dissolved in water. As this 
syrup quickly deteriorates, it should be made 
only in small quantities and stored in small, 
tightly stoppered bottles, in a cool place. It is a 











SYRUPUS 


968 


SYRUPUS 


good demulcent. S. a'cidi cit'rici*, syrup of citric 
i^cid; made from lo Gm. of citric acid. lo Cc. of 
water, lo Cc. of tincture of fresh lemon peel, and a 
sufficient quantity of syrup to make looo Cc. It 
is much employed as an agreeable and refrigerant 
addition to drinks, especially carbonic acid water. 
&- S. LiMONis. S. a'cidi hydriod'ici*, syrup of hy- 
driodic acid: a thick liquid containing about i% 
by weight of absolute hydriodic acid. It is trans¬ 
parent, nearly colorless, odorless, and has a sweet 
and acidulous taste. Specific gravity, 1.19. It 
is an alterative, and it may be given in all cases 
to which iodine is applicable. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. 
dr.). S. al'lii, syrup of garlic: the 1890 U. S. P. 
name for a syrup made from 200 Gm. of fresh 
garlic, sliced and bruised, 800 Gm. of sugar, and 
diluted acetic acid enough to make 1000 Cc. It 
is given in chronic catarrhal affections of the 
lungs, and is particularly beneficial in infantile 
cases. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). S. althae'ae, syrup 
of althaea: the 1890 U. S. P. name for a syrup 
made from 50 Gm. of althaea cut into small 
pieces, 700 Gm. of sugar, 30 Cc. of alcohol, 100 Cc. 
of glycerin, and water enough to make 1000 Cc. 
This syrup should be freshly made when re¬ 
quired for use. It is an agreeable demulcent. 
S. amyg'dalae*, syrup of almond: made from spirit 
of bitter almond, orangesfiower water, and syrup. 
This syrup is demulcent, nutritive, and slightly 
sedative. Dose, 4 Cc. (iff. dr.). S. as'ari com- 
pos'itus (N. F.), compound syrup of Canada 
snakeroot. This is an aromatic stomachic and 
a good vehicle for the iodides. Dose, 4 Cc. (iff. 
dr.), containing 0.23 Gm. (3^ grs.) of asarum. 
S. auran'tii*, syrup of orange; made from the 
tincture of sweet orange peel, citric acid, mag¬ 
nesium carbonate, sugar, and water. This 
syrup has an agreeable flavor, for which alone 
it is employed. Dose, ^ to i fl. oz. (7.5 to 30 Cc.). 
S. auran'tii flo'rum*, syrup of orange flowers: 
made from orange^flower water and sugar. This 
syrup is used chiefly for flavoring mixtures. S. 
bromido'rum (N. F.), syrup of bromides. Dose, 
4 Cc. (i fl. dr.), containing about i Gm. (15 grs.) 
of the mixed bromides of potassium, sodium, 
ammonium, calcium, and lithium, in compound 
syrup of sarsaparilla. S. cal'cii iod'idi (N. F.), 
syrup of calcium iodide, alterative and anti» 
asthmatic. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). S. cal'cii lac- 
tophospha'tis*, syrup of calcium lactophosphate: 
made from precipitated calcium carbonate, lactic 
acid, phosphoric acid, orange^flower water, sugar, 
and water. This syrup affords an excellent means 
of administering calcium phosphate. Dose, 8 Cc. 
(2 fl. drs.). S. cal'cis*, syrup of lime, syrup of 
calcium hydroxide: made from lime, sugar, and 
water. This syrup should always be largely di¬ 
luted when administered. It may be given 
in diarrhoea with acidity, and for all other 
therapeutical purposes to which lime is applied. 
Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). S. fer'ri brom'idi, syrup 
of bromide of iron; the 1880 U. S. P. name for a 
syrupy liquid containing 10% of ferrous bromide. 
It has been recommended as a sedative chalyb¬ 
eate tonic. S. fer'ri citrosiod'idi, a N. F. prepa¬ 
ration without disagreeable taste. Dose, 2 Cc. 
(30 mins.). S. fer'ri iod'idi*, syrup of ferrous 
iodide, a syrupy liquid containing about 5% by 
weight of ferrous iodide. It is tonic, alterative, 
diuretic, and emmenagogue. Dose, i Cc. (15 
mins.). S. fer'ri, quini'nae, et strychni'nae phos- 
pha'tum*, syrup of the phosphates of iron, qui¬ 


nine and strychnine; made from glycerite of the 
phosphates of iron, quinine, and strychnine, and 
syrup. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). S. fus'cus, brown 
syrup; molasses; the impure, dark^colored syrup 
obtained in making sugar from Sac'charum offici 
na'rum. S. hypophosphi'tum*, syrup of hypo- 
phosphites: made from calcium hypophosphite, 
potassium hypophosphite, sodium hypophos¬ 
phite, diluted hypophosphorous acid, sugar and 
water. This syrup affords an excellent means of 
administering the hypophosphites. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 
fl. drs.). S. hypophosphi'tum compos'itus*, com¬ 
pound syrup of hypophosphites, a syrup of com¬ 
plex composition containing calcium hypophos¬ 
phite, potassium hypophosphite, sodium hypo¬ 
phosphite, ferric hypophosphite, manganese 
hypophosphite, quinine, strychnine, sodium ci¬ 
trate, diluted hypophosphorous acid, sugar, and 
water. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). S. hypophosphi'¬ 
tum cum fer'ro, syrup of hypophosphites with 
iron; the 1890 U. S. P. name for a syrup made 
from ferrous lactate, syrup of hypophosphites, 
and potassium citrate. This syrup unites the 
therapeutic powers of a chalybeate with those of 
the hypophosphites. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). • S. 
ipecacuan'hae*, syrup of ipecac: made of fluid- 
extract of ipecac, acetic acid, glycerin, sugar, and 
water. It is used as an emetic and expectorant. 
Dose, as an expectorant, i Cc. (15 mins.): as an 
emetic, 15 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). S. krame'riae*, syrup 
of krameria; a mixture of fluidextract of krame- 
ria with syrup. It affords a convenient mode of 
exhibiting krameria. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). S. 
lactuca'rii*, syrup of lactucarium; prepared from 
tincture of lactucarium, glycerin, citric acid, 
orangesflower water, and syrup. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. 
drs.). S. limo'nis, syrup of lemon; a syrup made 
from lemon juice recently expressed and strained, 
fresh lemon peel, sugar, and water. This syrup is 
used as a vehicle. S. pectora'lis (N. F.), pectoral 
syrup; Jackson’s pectoral (or cough) syrup; 
made from 4 grs. of morphine hydrochloride, 4 
mins, of oil of sassafras, and enough syrup of 
acacia to make 16 fl. ozs. S. pi'cis liq'uidae*, 
syrup of tar: made from tar, alcohol, magnesium 
carbonate, sugar and water. This syrup affords 
an excellent method of administering tar. Dose, 
4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). S. pi'ni stro'bi compos'itus (N. F.), 
white pine compound. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.), 
containing white pine bark, wild cherry bark, 
morphine gr.), spikenard, balm of Gilead 

buds, sanguinaria, sassafras, and a little chloro¬ 
form. S. pru'ni virginia'nae*, syrup of wild 
cherry. It is largely used as a basis for cough 
mixtures. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). S. rhe'i*, 
syrup of rhubarb: made of fluidextract of rhu¬ 
barb, spirit of cinnamon, potassium carbonate, 
water, and syrup. It is a mild cathartic adapted 
to the case of infants. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). S. 
rhe'i aromat'icus*, aromatic syrup of rhubarb: a 
mixture of 15% aromatic tincture of rhubarb 
with potassium carbonate and syrup. It is a 
warm stomachic laxative, too feeble for adult 
cases, but well adapted for the bowebcomplaints 
of infants. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). S. ro'sae*, 
syrup of rose: a mixture of fluidextract of rose 
with syrup, diluted sulphuric acid, sugar, and 
water. It is mildly astringent, but is valued more 
for its fine red color, and is used to color mix¬ 
tures. S. ru'bi*, syrup of rubus; a mixture of 
25 parts of fluidextract of rubus with 75 parts of 
syrup. It is useful in acute diarrhoea of relaxa- 


SYRUPY 


<)69 


SYZYGY 


tion and in chronic diarrhoea. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. 
dr.h S. ru'bi idae'i, syrup of raspberry; the 1890 
U. S. P. name for a syrup made from fresh ripe 
raspberries and sugar, S. sarsaparil'lae compos'- 
itus*, compound syrup of sarsaparilla; prepared 
from fluidextract of sarsaparilla, fluidextract of 
glycyrrhiza, fluidextract of senna, sugar, oil of 
sassafras, oil of anise, oil of gaultheria, and 
water. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). S. scil'lae*, 
syrup of squill: made from vinegar of squill, 
sugar, and water. This syrup is employed as an 
expectorant, especially in combination with a 
solution of tartarized antimony. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 
mins.). S. scil'lae compos'itus*, compound syrup 
of squill: made from fluidextract of squill, fluid- 
extract of senega, antimony and potassium 
tartrate, purified talc, sugar, and water. This 
syrup combines the virtues of senega, squill, and 
tartar emetic. It is emetic, diaphoretic, and ex¬ 
pectorant. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). S. sen'egae*, 
syrup of senega: made from fluidextract of 
senega, and syrup. It is a stimulant expectorant, 
and affords a very convenient mode of exhibiting 
senega. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). S. sen'nae*, syrup 
of senna: made from the fluidextract of senna, 
oil of coriander, and syrup. It is cathartic. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). S. toluta'nus*, syrup of 
Tolu: prepared from tincture of Tolu, magnesium 
carbonate, sugar, and water. This is a feeble 
preparation, and is used chiefly to impart its 
agreeable flavor to mixtures. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 
fl. drs.). S. zingib'eris*, syrup of ginger: made 
from fluidextract of ginger, alcohol, magnesium 
carbonate, sugar, and water: much u.sed as a 
warm stomachic addition to tonic and purgative 
infusions or mixtures. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. dr.). 

syr'up-y. Resembling syrup. 

sys-pa'sia. Convulsion. [< aytogether-i-(T7rrtr to 
draw.] 

sys-sar-co'sis. Union of bones by connecting mus¬ 
cle. tsys-sar-co'sic, -cot'ic. 

sys-so'ma, sys-so'mus. A monster with separate 
heads, but fused bodies, tsys-so'mic. 

sys-tal'sis. = Systole, fsys-tal'tic. 

sys-tat'i-ca. The name of an order in Good’s nos¬ 
ology, comprising diseases which affect the differ¬ 
ent sensorial powers simultaneously, as sleepless¬ 
ness, torpor, etc. 

sys'tem. A methodical collection, arrangement, or 
classification of many things together; a con¬ 
nected statement of the truths of some depart¬ 
ment of science or art, as S. instruction at a 
medical school in contradistinction to clinical 
instruction. In anatomy and medicine the 
term is applied to a group of organs similar 
in function irrespective of their structure, as 
the Nervous system, the Muscular system, etc. 
ts - Apparatus. Specially named varieties of 
system are Absorbent (= lymphatic). Accessory 
portal (==Sappey’s accessory portal). Adipose, 
AilsTHESODic, Alimentary, Association, Blood* 
VASCULAR, Cerebrospinal, Circulatory, Denti¬ 
nal, Dermoid, Dosimetric dosimetry), Glan¬ 
dular, Haversian, Kinesodic, Lymphatic, Mus¬ 
cular, Nervous, Pedal, Sappey’s accessory 
portal. Sympathetic, and Vascular. S. de¬ 
generation, degeneration affecting a single .system 
of nervesfibres, as di.stinguished from an insular 
or a scattered degeneration. S. disease, a disease 
in which the lesion affects a nerve*tract. fsys- 
tem'a-tist, one who adheres to a system. 

sys-te'ma. = System. [L.] 


sys-te-mat'ic. According to or pertaining to system 
or regular arrangement; methodical; formed ac¬ 
cording to system, as a 5 . name, one which is 
generally recognized by naturalists as the proper 
name of an animal or plant. S. anatomy, anato¬ 
my of various systems of parts or organs, with 
reference to topographical or surgical anatomy. 
S. lesion = SYSTEMIC lesion. 
sys'tem-a-tol'o-gy. A treatise on the various sys¬ 
tems ; the doctrine of systems or arrangements in 
science. 

sys-tem'ic. Pertaining to the whole system; be¬ 
longing to the general system: as, systemic circu¬ 
lation, used in contradistinction to pulmonic cir¬ 
culation. S. circulation, the flow of blood from 
the left ventricle of the heart through the aorta, 
the arteries, the capillaries, and the veins, back 
to the right auricle; greater circulation. S. death, 
death of the body as a whole. S. disease — con¬ 
stitutional DISEASE. S. emetic, emetic. S. 
lesion, a lesion of a distinct system or tract, or of 
a set of organs having a common function. S. 
myelitis, myelitis in which the inflammation is 
confined to a distinct system or tract of the cord. 
S. poison, a poison which exerts its effect after 
absorption, as distinguished from an irritant 
poison. S. veins, all the veins save those of the 
portal and pulmonary systems, 
sys'te-moid. Resembling a system: said of neo¬ 
plasms containing several tissues, 
sys'to-le. The contraction of the heart, by which, 
with its alternate dilatation {diastole), the circu¬ 
lation of the blood is carried on. The sy.stole of 
the ventricles (which is usually meant by the 
term systole) forces the blood into the aorta and 
pulmonary artery, and occurs synchronously with 
the first heartssound. The systole of the auricles, 
which occurs just before the systole of the ven¬ 
tricles, forces the blood into the ventricles, fsr 
Heartsblock. Aborted s., Abortic s., a systole 
of the heart which is not appreciable in the pulse 
on account of mitral regurgitation. Anticipated 
s., an aborted systole caused by an imperfectly 
filled ventricle. Arterial s., the depression of an 
artery following the systole of the heart. Auric¬ 
ular s., contraction of the auricle. Catalectic s., 
imperfect systole; aborted systole. Ventricular 
s., the contraction of the ventricles. [ < avnroMf, 
fr. GvaTeTJiCLV to draw together, to contract.] 
tsys-tol'ic, as S. depression, a falling of the pre¬ 
cordial region of the chest, observed during the 
systole of the heart: 5 . murmur, a sound as of 
blowing heard in infants over the fontanel, for¬ 
merly thought to be indicative of rhachitis: 5 . 
sound, systole: and 5 . thrill, a thrill or quiv¬ 
ering motion felt over the heart during the sys¬ 
tole in mitral regurgitation or aortic obstruction, 
sys-to-lom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
quality of cardiac sounds, 
sys-trem'ma. Cramp in the muscles or the calf of 
the leg. [ < GVGTpe(j>eiv to twist or roll together.] 
Syzyg'ium. A genus of trees or shrubs of the order 
Myrta'cece, natives of Asia and tropical Africa. S. 
guineen'se, a native of Guinea or Senegal, is used 
for the cure of rheumatism, and is a fetich, or 
object of worship. 5 . jambola'num, a native of 
India, bears an edible fruit, and its bark is an 
astringent medicine. 

syz'y-gy. i. The conjunction and partial fusion of 
two organisms or organs without loss of their 
identity. 2. The conjoined body so formed, as 
the sternum. [< av^vyia conjunction.] 


T 


970 


TACHE 


T 


T. An abbr. for do'sis tolera'ta, the tolerated dose, 
iNTRAsOCULAR TENSION, Tn denoting normal ten¬ 
sion, T + I, T + 2, etc., progressive stages of in¬ 
creased tension ,an dT-i ,T-2, etc., progressive stages 
of decreased tension; 
temperature; time. 

T.d., T.i.d. An abbr. 
for L. ter in di'e, three 
times a day. 

T.R. Tuberculin. 

Tsban'dage. A bandage 
shaped like the letter 
T; Tsfas'cia: espe¬ 
cially, one in which 
the transverse limb is 
fastened around the 
body and the longi¬ 
tudinal part passes 
under the perineum. Double Tsbandage, a Ts 
bandage with two longitudinal bands. 

Tsfi'bre. A fibre given off at right angles from the 
axisscylinder process of a unipolar ganglionscell. 
Ta. Symbol for tantalum. 

tab-a-ci'nus. Of the color of tobacco; light brown, 
tab-a-co'sis. A form of poisoning produced by the 
excessive use of tobacco; nicotinism; marked by 
dimness of vision, palpitation, indigestion, etc. T. 
pulmo'nis, a chronic pulmonary disease due to the 
inhalation of tobacco=dust. 
ta-ba'cum. The 1890 U. S. P. name for the com¬ 
mercial dried leaves of Nicotia'na taba'cum. ts- 
Tobacco. 

tab'a-nid. One of the family of Tahan'idce; gad» 
fly; there are many hundreds of species, the 
female alone biting, Tsetse fly; surra. 

Tab' anus. A genus of flies, as T. atra'ius of the 
horse: and T. bovinus of cattle, 
tab-ar-dil'lo. An asthenic form of South American 
fever: probably typhus fever. [Sp.] 
tab-a-sheer', tab-a-shier'. An amorphous variety 
of silica found in the joints of bamboo: used in 
the East Indies as a tonic, aphrodisiac, etc. 
tabatilre anatomique (ta-bat-i-^r a-na-to-mic). = 
Anatomist’s snuffsbox. [Fr.] 
tab'byscat striation. Markings on muscles, as of 
the heart, affected with fatty degeneration, 
tab-e-fac'tion. Wasting away; tabes, ft^h'e-fy. 
ta-bel'la, pi. -Icb. A small, solid mass composed of 
mucilage, sugar, and the desired medicinal mat¬ 
ter; tablet; lozenge; troche. Tabel'lae trini- 
tri'ni, the B. P. name for tablets of nitro¬ 
glycerin, each containing 0.00065 Gm. gr.) 
of pure nitroglycerin. [L., dim. of tabu'la table.] 
taber'na med'ica. A pharmacy. 

Tabernaemonta'na. A genus of trees, one of the 
species furnishing yohimbe bark. 
ta'bes. I. Consumption, or wasting, of the body; 
marasmus; cachexia; tabescence. Macies. 
T. atroph'ica = PHTHISIS. T. coxa'ria, “ hip con¬ 
sumption or wasting,” a wasting of the thigh 
and leg from hipsjoint disease. T. diabet'ica, T. 
diuret'ica, or T. urina'lis = diabetes mellitus. 
T. glandula'ris = scrofula. T. lac'tea, emacia¬ 
tion due to excessive secretion of milk by nursing 
women. T. mesenter'ica, T. mesara'ica, tuber¬ 



culosis of the mesenteric glands of small children, 
attended with digestive derangement and ema- 
ciation. T. saturni'na, cachexia of chronic' 
PLUMBiSM. 2. Locomotor ataxia. T. atac'tica, 
T. dorsua'lis, or T. dorsa'lis = locomotor ataxia. 
T. dorsua'lis spasmod'ica, spastic paraplegia caused 
by primary lateral sclerosis; spasmodic tabes. 
T. ergot'ica, a condition due to ergotism which 
resembles locomotor ataxia both in its clinical 
symptoms and in the posterior sclerosis of the 
cord. Hereditary t. = Friedreich’s ataxia. 
[L.] fta-bet'ic, tab'ic, tab'id. i. Relating to, or 
affected with, tabes (especially tabes dorsualis). 
2. One who is affected with tabes. Examples: 
T. arthropathy, the joint disease characteristic of 
locomotor ataxia; Charcot’s joint disease: T. 
dementia, dementia due to. or attended by, tabes 
dorsualis; T. foot, distortion of the foot occurring 
in tabes dorsualis: and T. neuritis, degeneration 
of the posterior roots of the spinal nerves, 
ta-bes'cence. = Tabes. 
ta-bes'cent. Wasting; shrivelling, 
tab-et'i-form. Resembling tabes, 
tab'ic, tab'id. = Tabetic. emaciation. 

tab'id-ly. tab-i-fi-ca'tion. tab'i-tude, emaciation, 
tab'la-ture. One of the tabular plates of bone form¬ 
ing the cranial walls, Table. 
ta'ble. A board; a plate; a thin piece of stone or 
other material with a flat surface ; a tablet. 
ts - Operating*table, postmortem table. Also 
a list; an index; a synopsis. In anatomy, the 
term is applied to the plates of compact tissue 
separated by the diploe forming the bones of the 
skull, denominated inner or vitreous, and outer or 
superficial. T. salt, sodium chloride. 
ta'ble-spoon-fuL The capacity of a tablespoon: 

about 15 Cc. (f§ss). ts*T easpoonful. 
tab'let. A small, disk=like, solid medicinal body, 
having sugar for a base. T. machine, an inge¬ 
nious machine for making tablets in large quanti¬ 
ties. T. saturates, tablets made of sugar of 
milk, acacia, and alcohol, which can be medicated 
by dropping upon them a definite quantity of 
liquid medicine. T. triturates, moulded tablets 
containing a triturated medicine, 
ta'bo. Paralysis, tt^-bo-pho'bi a, the morbid fear 
of locomotor ataxia. 

tab'u-la, pi. -Ice. A table or board. T. vit'rea, the 
internal plate of the cranial bone; “ glossy table.” 
T. voti'va, an offering hung up in a church 
or shrine by the sick, by those cured, or by those 
saved from great danger. [L.] as 

T. bones, flat bones, such as the scapula, the 
ilium, and the bones of the cranium, and T. 
crystals, crystals arranged in the form of columns, 
ta'bum. A fetid mixture of pus and blood. [L.] 
tac. I. = Influenza. 2. =Sheep scabies. 
tac'a-hout. The gall of the tamarisk=tree of Arabia, 
tac'a-ma-hac. A gum*resin of South America ob¬ 
tained chiefly from Faga'ra octan'dra, but also 
from some species of Calophyllum. 

Tac'ca. A genus of taccaceous plants, several spe¬ 
cies of which furnish arrow*root. 
tache (tash). A discoloration of the skin, or of the 
surface of an organ, whether natural, as a birth* 


















TACHIA 


971 


T^NIA 


mark or a freckle, or morbid, as a disease* 
blotch. Taches blanches, white spots seen on the 
liver in certain infectious diseases. Taches bleu- 
atres, bluish spots upon the thorax, thighs, and 
nates, observed in various diseases, especially 
typho’d fever: said by Osier to be caused by 
Pediculus pubis. T. cer^brale. i. A transient 
flushing, as of the eyelid in Graves’s disease, or 
of the abdomen in inflammation of the brain 
or its membranes; elicited by drawing the finger 
over the skin and considered as a sign of vaso¬ 
motor irritability; cerebral macula. 2. The 
germinal spot. T. embryonnaire, the embryonic 
area. Taches laiteuses. i. Small spots, of a 
milky appearance, seen in the omentum of a 
new»born rabbit; made up of groups of vasofor¬ 
mative cells. 2. Lymphangeal nodules. T. 
m^ning^ale. = Meningitic streak. [Fr.] 

Fach'i a. A genus of shrubs, of which T. guianen- 
sis is a bitter tonic. 

tach'i-ol. Silver fluoride; an antiseptic, 
ta-chis'to-scope. A form of stereoscope in which 
vision is interrupted by a movable lid or dia¬ 
phragm. tta-chis-tos'co-py. I. M. ’06.] 
ta-chom'e-ter. = H.«motachometer. 
tach'y-. Swift; rapid; speedy: a combining form. 
[< Taxvc swift.] tach-y-car'di a, a disturbed 
condition of the heart’s action in which great 
acceleration of the pulse occurs; pyknocardia; 
probably due to functional disturbances of the 
cardiac ganglion, is- Bradycardia. Essential t., 
tachycardia due to a nervous affection of the 
heart. Paroxysmal t., tachycardia occurring in 
periodical attacks. T., strumo'sa exophthal'mica 
= exophthalmic goitre, ft^ch-y-car'di-ac. — 
tach'y-graph = h^motachometer. — tach-y-i- 
a'ter, one who cures quickly.— tach-y-i-at'ri a, 
the act of curing rapidly.— tach-y-ot'o-my, 
rapid dissection; the art of operating quickly.— 
tach-y-pha'gi a, hasty eating.— tach-y-phra'si a, 
extreme rapidity and volubility of speech: a fre¬ 
quent symptom of mental disorder.— tach-y- 
phre'ni a, marked mental activity.— tach-yp- 
noe'a, extremely rapid respiration: usually so 
called when the respirations are 40 or over. 
IS- Dyspncea. — tach-ys'to-scope. [If I. M. ’03.] — 
tach-y-than'a-tous, speedily fatal. — ta-chyt'o- 
my. =Tachyotomy. 

tac'i-turn. Short of speech, ftac-i-turn'i-ty. 
tack'y. A poor. Unconditioned horse, 
tac'tile. Pertaining to touch; tangible; palpable; 
tactual. T. anaesthesia, loss of the sense of touch 
in a part. T. apparatus, the terminations of the 
nerves of touch. T. cells or bodies, cells which 
form the termination and end*organ of sensory 
nerves. Two varieties are distinguished,— the 
simple, consisting of oval, nucleated elements, 
resembling ganglionscells, and the compound, con¬ 
sisting of two or more associated cells. T. centre, 
a centre for sensation of touch, situated in the 
hippocampal region of the brain. T. corpuscle 
or body, a peculiar elliptical or rounded body, 
about 150// long, containing the termination of 
one or two medullated nerve*fibres, and found in 
the connective tissue beneath the skin of the 
hand and foot, especially on the palmar surface 
of the tips of the fingers, outer surface of the fore¬ 
arm, nipple, eyelids, lips, glans penis, and clitoris; 
Meissner’s corpuscle; Wagner’s corpuscle; 
tactile elevation; torulus tactilis*. i^ Merkel’s 
CORPUSCLE. T. disk, a diskslike termination of 
the axisscylinder of a nerve of special sense in 


endsorgans or tactile cells. T. fremitus, the thrill 
felt by the hand applied to the chest of a speak¬ 
ing person, and produced by the transmission of 
the voicessounds, as in pleural effusion. T. hairs, 
hairs having special delicacy of touch, as the 
whiskers of the cat. T. image, is- mental image. 
T. menisci, expansions of the terminations of the 
axisscylinders of nerves situated among the cells 
of the epidermis in regions of special sensibility. 
T. papillae, small eminences of the true skin con¬ 
taining tactile corpuscles and nervesfibres. T, 
reflex, reflex movement induced by stimulation 
of the nerves of touch. T. sense, tac-til'i-ty, 
tac'tion, the sense of touch, tac'tor, an organ of 
touch, tac'tual = TACTILE, as T. agnosia. 
tac-tom'e-ter. = ASsthesiometer. 
tac'tus erudi'tus. The nice, delicate touch acquired 
by constant practice; skilled touch. [L.j 
tae'da. Medicine applied by fumigations, 
tae'dium vi'tae. A morbid disgust with life; wean> 
ness of life: often with suicidal tendencies. 

Tae'ni a, pi. -ce. A genus of cestode worms having 
a segmented body and a small head or attached 
extremity with four suctorial disks, with or with¬ 
out booklets; a tapeworm, i^ Dibothrioceph- 
ALUs; Cysticercus; helminthiasis; Tinea, with 
which word Tcenia should not be confused. 
T. abieti'na=T. saginata. T. acantho'trias, a 
species of tapeworm found in the cysticercus 
stage in a patient in Virginia. T. acutis'sima = 
Hymenolepis lanceolata. T. aegyptia'ca = 
Hymenolepis NANA. T. africa'na, a species found 
in German East Africa: habitat of adult worm 
in intestine of man. T. albopuncta'ta, albopunc- 
ta'ta homffnis, or albopuncta'ta = Cysticercus 
CELLULOSE. T. algeria'na (algerien'sis) = T. 
SAGINATA. T. an'serum (an'seris) = Hymeno¬ 
lepis LANCEOLATA. T. arma'ta hom'inis = T. 
SOLIUM. T. asiat'ica = Davainea asiatica. T. 
bo'vina = T. marginata. T. cani'na = T. el- 
LiPTicA. T. capen'sis = T. sagina'ta. T. ca- 
tenifor'mis = T. elliptica. T. cellulo'sa = 
Cysticercus cellulose. T.schain, the con¬ 
nected joints of a tapeworm. T. confu'sa, a 
species found in Nebraska: habitat, intestines of 
man. T. 
contin'ua = 

T. SAGINA¬ 
TA. T. cras- 
sicol'lis=T. 

TENI^FOR- 
MIS. T. CU- 
cumeri'na 
= T. ELLIP¬ 
TICA. T. CU- 
curbiti'na= 

T. SOLIUM. 

T. cucurbi- 
ti'na sagi¬ 
na'ta, T. 
gran'dis sa¬ 
gina'ta =T. 

SAGINATA. 

T. demari- 
en'sis = T. 

MAD AGAS- 
CARIENSIS. 

T. denta'ta. 

I. = Di- 

BOTHRIOCEPHALUS LATUS. 2 . =T. SOLIUM. T. di- 

minu'ta = Hymenolepis diminuta. T. echino- 
coc'cus, a species found in the dog and wolf, the 



I. Taenia echinococcus. 2. Hydatid 
cysts. 3, Hooklets. The agglutina¬ 
tion test is positive. Wilson.) 



TiENIA 


972 


TiENIA 


larva of which is the echinococcus of man and 
cattle. T. ellip'tica, a species of tapeworm com¬ 
mon in dogs and cats and found occasionally in 
infants and young children; Dipylid'ium cani'- 
num; T. catenifor'mis; T. cani'na; T. cucumeri'na; 
T. monilifor'mis. This worm measures lo to 30 
Cm. (4 to 12 ins.) in length, with a small 
head having a conical rostellum armed with sev¬ 
eral rows of very minute hooks. The larval stage 
is passed in lice and in fleas. T. fe'lis = T. teni.-e- 
FORMis. T. fenestra'ta, forms of T. solium or T. 
saginata exhibiting an anomalous perforated con¬ 
dition. T. fera'rum = Cysticercus tenuicollis. 
T. fimbria'ta = Thysanosoma actinioides. T. 
fin'na = Cysticercus cellulose. T. flavapunc- 
ta'ta, flavomacula'ta, or flavopuncta'ta = Hyme- 
NOLEPis DiMiNUTA. T. fu'sa, an anomalous form 
of T. solium or T. saginata, in which the segments 
are more or less fused. T. globo'sa = Cysticercus 
TENUICOLLIS. T. gran'dis =T. saginata. T. gri'- 
sea (gry'sea) = Dibothriocephalus latus. T. 
hamolocula'ta =T. solium. T.shead,the scolex of 
a tapeworm. T. hom'inis, a species of tapeworm 
reported only from Asiatic Russia: habitat in in¬ 
testine of man. T. huma'na arma'ta = T^nia 
SOLIUM. T. hydatig'ena, a species of tapeworm 
found in the intestines of canines and wolves: 
cysticercus in body cavity of various domestic 
animals. T. iner'me uma'na or iner'mis=DiBOTH- 
RiocEPHALUS LATUS. T. lanceola'ta = Hymen- 
OLEPIS LANCEOLATA. T. la'ta or la'ta hom'inis = 
Dibothriocephalus latus. T. leptoceph'ala = 
Hymenolepis DIMINUTA. T. lophoso'ma, prob¬ 
ably an anomalous form of T. solium. T. lupi'na 
= Cysticercus tenuicollis. T. madagascarien'- 
sis, a w’idely distributed species in the tropical 
regions of the old and new world: habitat intes¬ 
tines of man, chiefly children. T. margina'ta, 
the largest species found in the dog and wolf; T. 
bovina. ^Cysticercus tenuicollis. T. me- 
diocanella'ta (mediocancella'ta) = T. saginata. 
T. megaloon'= T. saginata. T. melanoceph'ala 
= T. SOLIUM. T. membranace'a = Dibothrio¬ 
cephalus LATUS. T. min'ima = Hymenolepis 
DIMINUTA. T. monilifor'mis = T. elliptica. T. 
mummifica'ta =T. saginata. T. muscula'ris = 
Cysticercus CELLULOSVE. T. na'na = Hymeno¬ 
lepis nana. T. ni'gra = T. SAGINATA. T. ofldci- 
na'lis = T. solium. T. os'culis marginal'ibus = T. 
SOLIUM. T. ovil'la = Cysticercus tenuicollis. 
T. pellu'cida=T. solium. T. perfora'ta=T. sagi¬ 
nata. T. pisifor'mis, the widely distributed pisi¬ 
form tapeworm; T. serrata: habitat the small intes¬ 
tines of canines; acquired by eating rabbits in¬ 
fected with Cysticercus pisiformis. T. pla'na 
= T. SOLIUM. T. sagina'ta, beef tapeworm, an 
unarmed species occurring in man and found in 
the larval state in the muscles, etc., of cattle. 
Among the numerous synonyms for this species 
are T. abien'ta, T. algeria'na (algerien'sis), T. 
capen'sis, T. contin'ua, T. cucurbiti'na sagina'ta, 
T. gran'dis sagina'ta, T. gran'dis, T, mediocanel- 
la'ta {mediocancella'ta), T. megaloon, T. mummi¬ 
fica'ta, T. ni'gra, T. perfora'ta, T. trop'ica, and T. 
vulga'ris. Sometimes it is also used for T. solium. 
T. sagina'ta abien'ta, the Chippewa tapeworm: 
habitat in intestine of man. T. scalarifor'me = T. 
solium. T. septoceph'ala = Hymenolepis dimi- 
NUTA. T. serra'ta = T. pisiformis. T. solita'- 
ria = T. SOLIUM. T. so'lium, the long or pork 
tapeworm, an important species infecting the in¬ 
testines of man and by autoreinfection leading to 


CYSTiCERCOSis of various other parts of the body, 
as of the eye. It is armed with a double row of 
booklets on its suctorial disks and exists in the 
larval state in swine. Among the numerous syn- 
onvms for this species are T. arma'ta hom'inis. 



A. T^nia SAGINATA.— I. Egg. 2. Segment, showing 
many-branched uterus. 3 . Head. B . T.enia solium 
— I. Egg. 2 . Segment showing uterus with few 
branches. 3 . Hooklet. 4 . Head. (Wilson.) 


T. cucurbiti'na, T. hamolocula'ta, T. huma'na ar¬ 
ma'ta, T. melanoceph'ala, T. officina'lis, T. pellu'- 
cida, T. pla'na, T. scalarifor'me, T. solita'ria, T. 
so'lium, and T. vulga'ris. Sometimes it is also used 
for T. SAGINATA. T. tenel'la, probably an anom¬ 
alous form of T. solium. T. teniaefor'mis, the 
thicksnecked catstapeworm, found in various 
felines, with its larva in liver of brown and black 
rats; T. crassicollis; T. felis. T.stoxin. A toxin 
derived from tapeworms, to which in part the in¬ 
testinal disturbances are due. T. tro'pica = T. 
SAGINATA. T. turbina'ta = T. solium. T. va- 
resi'ma = Hymenolepis diminuta. T. vulga'ris 
= T. saginata or T. solium. [< raivia a band.] 
tae'ni a, pi. -ce, tae'ni a*, pi. -ae. A band or fillet; 
especially the fimbria of the hippocampus. Tae¬ 
niae acus'ticaB= striae MEDULLARES*. T. Chof- 
ioidea*, chorioid taenia, as of lateral ventricle of 
medial surface of cerebral hemisphere. Taeniae 
co'li*, bands of the colon, as of the large intes¬ 
tine, consisting of longitudinal muscle fibres. 
T. fimbriae*, taenia of fimbria, as of lateral ven¬ 
tricle of medial surface of cerebral hemisphere; 
edge of fimbria after the chorioid plexus is torn 
away. T. fornicis*, ribbon of the fornix, as of 
medial surface of cerebral hemisphere, it being 
the sharp edge which defines the upper limit of 
the vertical mesial surface of the optic thalamus 
from the dorsal. T. hippocam'pi = corpus fim- 
BRIATUM. T. li'bera, free band of the colon. T. 
mesoco'lica, the mesocolic band of the colon 
T. nervo'sa haller'i = gasserian ganglion. T. 
omenta'lis, omental band of colon. T. pon'tis, a 
bundle of fibres arising from the furrow between 
















T^NIACIDE 


973 


TALIPES 


the superior and middle peduncles of the cere¬ 
bellum, and running outward and downward 
m front of the pons on the surface of the crusta 
into the sulcus pedunculi medialis. T. semicir- 
cula'ris, a narrow band of white matter situated 
m the groove between the optic thalamus and the 
corpus striatum of the brain. T. synovitis = 
TENOSYNOVITIS. T. tec'ta, one of the bundles of 
fibres derived from the cingulum, passing over 
the upper surface of the corpus callosum under 
cover of the gyrus fornicatus, and running back¬ 
ward over the splenium to the isthmus of the 
gyrus fornicatus and uncinate convolution; striae 
tectae. T. tela'rum*, band of the telae. T. thal'- 
ami* = STRIA MEDULLARIS. T. tu'bae, the thick¬ 
ened band of the peritoneum along the upper 
border of the oviduct. T. valsal'vae co'li = T. 
COLI*. Taenia ventric'uli quar'ti, narrow strips 
of white matter projecting from the inner edges 
of the clavae at the junction of the epithelial part 
of roof with the compact nerve substance; lin¬ 
gulae of the fourth ventricle. T. ventric'uli ter'- 
tii = STRIA MEDULEARIS. T. viola'cca, a streak of 
bluish color running longitudinally on each side 
of the floor of the fourth ventricle, 
tae'ni-a-cide. =T^nicide. 
tae'ni al. Pertaining to a tapeworm, 
tae-ni-ar-rhyn'cus. =T^nia mediocanellata. 
tae-ni'a-sis. Infection with Tce'nia. 
tae'ni-ate. Shaped like, or resembling, a ribbon, 
tae'ni-cide, tae'ni-a-cide. i. Fatal to taeniae. 2. A 
medicine which kills taeniae, 
tae'ni-form. Ribbon=like; tae'ni-oid. 
tae'ni-fuge, tae'ni-a-fuge. i. Having the power to 
expel taeniae. 2. An agent having that effect, 
tae'ni-in. =Brayerin. 
tae'ni-oid. Resembling a tapewonn. 
taeni'ola cine'rea. A thin gray ridge on the floor of 
the fourth ventricle at each lateral extremity of 
the striae medullares. [L., “ gray ribbon.”] 
tae*ni-o-pho'bi a. Morbid dread of taeniasis. 
taf'fe-ta. A thin fabric for spreading plasters, 
ta'fi a. A distilled liquor from fermented sugar* 
cane. 

taft. In plumbing, the spreading out of the ends 
of a lead pipe like a funnel, 
tag'a-tose. An artificial hexose from galactose. 
Tage'tes. A genus of composite plants, of which T. 
pat'ula, or African marigold, and T. erec'ia, or 
French marigold, have properties similar to those 

of CALENDULA*. 

tagliacotian operation (tal-ya-c6'shian). Tagliaco- 
tian RHINOPLASTY. [< Tagliacozzi, a Bolognese 
.surgeon, 1546-1599.] 

tag'ma. The smallest particle of living matter: 

it corresponds to the molecule of the chemists, 
tagssore. A disease of sheep, having certain re¬ 
semblances to smallpox, in which the tail is ex¬ 
coriated by diarrhoea; ovine variola, 
taguasnut (tag'wa). The nut of Phytel'ephas mac- 
rocar'pa, which furnishes vegetable ivory, 
ta-gul'a-way. = Parameria vulneraria. 
tail. The caudal extremity; cauda*: applied to the 
smaller or slenderer ends of organs, or to a tail* 
like appendage. T.sbone, the coccyx. T. of the 
caudate nucleus, the cauda nuclei caudati* in the 
lateral ventricle. T. of the epididymis, the globus 
minor*, cauda epididymis*. T. of the eye, the 
outer canthus of the eye. T.sfold, the fold at the 
caudal end of the early embryo, enclosing the 
hindsgut. T.sgut, a prolongation of the archen- 
teron at an early stage into the tail of the em¬ 


bryo. T. of an incision, that part of a surgical 
incision at the beginning and at the end which 
does not go through the whole skin. T. of a mus¬ 
cle, the tapering attached extremity of a muscle. 
T. of the pancreas, the splenic end of the pan¬ 
creas; cawda pawcreo/w*. [L. cattda.] ftailedsmen. 
* [1 /. M. ’03.] 

Tail'le-fer’s valve. A fold of the nasal duct, 
tai'lor’s ankle. Morbid pressure giving rise to 
changes in the ankle: due to the crossslegged 
posture of tailors while at work. T. cramp or 
spasm. A spasm of the muscles of the hand and 
arm of tailors: it is of similar nature to writers’ 
cramp. T.’s muscle, the sartorius. 
taint. I. Color; hue; stain; spot; blemish. 2. A 
trace of a disease, especially an hereditary infec¬ 
tion. 3. A tincture. 4. Putrid; tmfit for food. 
Tait’s dictum (tets). Those dying from chloro¬ 
form come under the care of the coroner [f. e., 
die at the operation], while those dying from 
ether narcosis have their certificate of death 
signed by the surgeon [i. e., die later, as from in¬ 
spiration pneumonia]. T.’s knot=STAFFORDSHiRK 
KNOT. T.’s law, the rule that in severe abdomi¬ 
nal or pelvic disease, except carcinoma, an ex¬ 
ploratory operation should be done. T.’s opera¬ 
tion, the operation of removing uterine append¬ 
ages when they are diseased but not cystic. 
tak*asdi'as-tase. A proprietary ferment of great 
diastatic power obtained by Takamine from Eu- 
ro'tium {Aspergil'lus) ory'zoe or tak'asmo-a'shi, a 
Japanese fungus, grown upon rice or bran: used 
as a digestant. Dose, 0.16 Gm. (2^ grs.). 
take. To contract a disease or an infection, ft^ke 
of, recipe; I^.; tak'ing, contagious; catching; as 
applied to vaccination meaning successful, 
ta-ko'sis. A contagious disease of goats due to the 
Micrococ'cus capri'nus. Malta fever. 
ta-lal'gi a. Pain in the heel; tarsalgia, 
talc. = Talcum*. 

tal'cum*. A native hydrous magnesium silicate 
containing iron and aluminium; talc; powdered 
soapstone: used as a dusting powder and as a 
cooling application to inflamed surfaces. T. puri- 
fica'tum*, talcum purified by washing with hydro¬ 
chloric acid and water: used in filtering turbid 
liquids, and with salicylic acid as a powder, 
taliacotian operation. = Tagliacotian operation. 
tal'i-pes. Distortion of the foot; club*foot; cyllo- 
sis. Besides the older methods for the cure of 
this deformity, various ingenious methods have 
been recently introduced of transplanting the 
tendon of one muscle to another or even strips 
of muscular tissue, ts- Pes. T. arcua'tus = T. 
CAVus. T. calcaneoval'gus, talipes calcaneus 
combined with talipes valgus. T. calcaneova'rus, 
talipes calcaneus combined with talipes varus. 
T. calca'neus, talipes in which the toes and foot 
are elevated so that only the heel rests on the 
ground. T. ca'vus, ” concave talipes,” exaggera¬ 
tion of the plantar arch of the foot. T. equino- 
val'gus, talipes equinus combined with talipes 
valgus. T. equinova'rus, combined talipes equi¬ 
nus and talipes varus. T. equi'nus, a variety in 
which the heel is elevated, the weight of the 
body resting upon the fore part of the foot. 
T. perca'vus, excessive plantar curvature. T. 
planoval'gus, talipes valgus combined with flat* 
foot. T. pla'nus, the condition in which the 
plantar arch is flattened; flatsfoot; splaysfoot; 
pes planus. Spasmodic t., talipes due to muscu¬ 
lar spasm. T. val'gus, talipes in which the inner 


TALIPOMANUS 


974 


TANNATE 


side of the foot, or of its sole, rests upon the 
ground; inversion of the foot. T. va'rus, the re¬ 
verse of T. valgus, always associated with a slight 
degree of talipes equinus; eversion of the foot, 
ftal'i-ped, a person affected with talipes; in 
some animals, as the sloth, it is a normal condi¬ 
tion. tal-i-pe'dic, relating to talipes. 
tal-i-pom'a-nus. Distortion of the hand upon the 
wrist; club*hand: the condition is analogous to, 
but less frequent than, talipes and may be con¬ 
genital or acquired, ftal-i-pom'a-nous. 
ta'lis. Such; like this. [L.] 

Tal'lerman’s treatment. The treatment of disease, 
especially rheumatic troubles, by an oven ar¬ 
ranged for the direct local application of intense 
dry heat (250-350° F.). 

tal-li'a-nin. A proprietary solution which liberates 
ozone and terpene when injected intravenously: 
recommended for various respiratory and circu¬ 
latory conditions. Dose, 5 Cc. (i fl. dr.), 
tal'low. The concrete fat obtained from animals, 
especially from cattle and sheep, Sevum. 
Tall'quist’s scale. A colorimetric scale for haemo¬ 
globin. 

Tal'ma’s disease. Acquired myotonia. T.’s opera¬ 
tion, surgical irritation of the peritoneum with 
the object of establishing collateral circulation 
for the removal of ascitic fluid, as from cirrhosis 
of the liver; epiplopexy; omentopexy, 
ta'lo-. Indicating, or pertaining to, the astragalus: 
a combining form. [< L. ialus ankle.] taflo-cal- 
ca'ne al, taflo-cal-ca'ne an, belonging or relating 
to the astragalus and the calcaneum; astragalo- 
calcaneal; astragalocalcanean; as the T. liga¬ 
ments, the calcaneosastragaloid ligaments, and 
the T. joint, the articulatio talocalcanea*. — 
ta’lo-cal-ca*ne-o-na-vic'u-lar, as the T. joint, ar¬ 
ticulatio talocalcaneonavicularis*. — ta-lo-cru'- 
ral, relating to the astragalus and the leg bones, 
as the T. joint. — ta-lo-fib'u-lar, relating to the 
astragalus and fibula, as the T. ligaments, parts 
of the external lateral ligaments of the ankle, 
extending between the astragalus and the fibula. 
— ta*lo-na-vic'u-lar, pertaining to the astragalus 
and the scaphoid bone; taloscaphoid, as the T. 
ligament, the superior calcaneoscaphoid ligament, 
joining the calcaneum and the scaphoid bone.— 
tal'on=toe = hammer=toe. — ta-lo-scaph'oid = 
astragaloscaphoid; talonavicular. —ta-lo- 
tib'i al, appertaining to the astragalus and the 
tibia; astragalotibial, as T. ligaments, the por¬ 
tions of the deltoid ligament of the ankle-joint 
between internal malleolus and astragalus, 
tal'on. I. A low cusp or posterior prolongation of 
a tooth, tta'lo-nid, the heel of the lower molar 
crown. 2. The claw of a bird of prey, 
tal'ose. Artificial aldohexose, 
tal'pa, tal-pa'ri a. A wen. ftal'pi-form. 
ta'lus. I. Astragalus; ankle bone. 2. The ankle. 
3. Talipes calcaneus. 

ta^ma. Swelling of the lower limbs. [L.] 
tamar indien. A French proprietary laxative med¬ 
icine said to contain confection of senna, anise, 
and oil of lemon; tropical fruit laxative, 
tam'a-rac, tam'a-rack. A popular name for the 
American larch (La'rix america'na; Pi'nus pen'- 
dula; Pi'nus microcar'pa; Ab'ies america'na), of 
the natural order of Conif'erce: laxative; tonic; 
diuretic; and alterative. Dose, of the decoction 
of the bark, 60 Cc. (2 fl. ozs.). 
tam'a-rind. =Tamarindus*. T. water, a refriger¬ 
ant infusion of tamarind in cold water. 


tam-a-rin'dus*. The preserved pulp of the fruit of 
the leguminous tree, Tamarin'dus in'dica: laxa¬ 
tive. Dose, 16 Gm. (240 grs.). ^ Confectio 
SENN^*. [L.J 

tam'a-risk manna. A variety of manna found upon 
Tam'arix mannif'era near Mount Sinai, 
tambor oil. A purgative oil from the seeds of 
Ompha'lea oleij'era, of tropical America, 
tambour (tam'bur or tam'bpr). i. A drum. 2. An 
instrument, resembling a drum, used to transmit 
movements to a recording apparatus with which 
it is connected; recording tambour, 
tam'pan. A biting insect of South Africa: a mem¬ 
ber of the Acar'idce. 

tam'pi-cin. An amorphous, resinous substance. 
C34H54OJ4, obtained from Tampico jalap (the prod¬ 
uct of Ipomoe'a sim'ulans): purgative, 
tam'pon. i. A portion of gauze, sponge, etc., medi¬ 
cated or not, used in plugging a cavity or canal, 
as a vaginal tampon. 2. To apply a tampon to a 
natural aperture of the body or to a wound. T.s 
cannula, a cannula for inserting tampons. Kites 
tail t., several pledgets of absorbent material tied 
by a string as in the tail of a kite. T.sscrew, an 
instrument provided with a sharp screwspoint for 
removing a tampon. Trendelenburg’s t., an in¬ 
flatable rubbersbag used in tracheotomy. T.s 
tube, a piece of stout rubber tubing wound about 
with iodoform gauze: used in plugging the rec¬ 
tum to control oozing and at the same time per¬ 
mit the escape of flatus. tt^™"po-nade' ; tam'- 
pon-age; tam'pon-ing; tam'pon-ment. 
tan. A yellowish-brown discoloration of the skin 
induced by exposure to the sun or electric light, 
as in the form of the Finsen lamp, 
tan-a-cet'ic rabies. A condition resembling rabies, 
produced in rabbits by injecting oil of tansy. 
Tanace'tum. i. Tansy, a genus of composite plants, 
containing in its flowers and leaves tan-a-ce'tine, 
a bitter principle, CjjHjgO^, and in the oil of tansy, 
tan-a-ce'tone, a ketone, CjgHjgO, identical with 
THUjOL. 2. The 1890 U. S. P. title of the leaves 
and tops of T. vulga're: used as an emmenagogue 
and anthelmintic. Dose, 2 to 4 Gm. (30 to 60 grs.). 
T.=tannic acid, a variety of tannic acid, €231129034, 
found in tansy, 
tan'a-col. [H 7 . M. ’06.] 

tan-al'um. Aluminum tannotartrate: astringent, 
tan'gent galvanometer, Galvanometer. 
tan-gen'ti al sheath. The fibrocellular sheath en¬ 
closing the carotids. 

Tanghin'ia venenif'era. A species of apocynaceous 
trees of Madagascar, the seeds of which, in the 
form of an extract (tan'ghin), are used as an 
ordeal poison. The active principle is a glu- 
coside, tan-ghin'ine, a powerful cardiac and re¬ 
spiratory agent resembling strophanthine in its 
therapeutic action upon the heart, 
tang'kong. A form of counter-irritation, practised 
in the Philippines, as for headache; it consists in 
stretching the skin of the neck, 
tang'le. Lamina'ria digita'ia, an edible seaweed, 
from which a surgical tent is made, 
tan'nal. Aluminum t annate. 

tan-nal'bin. A well-dried albuminate of tannin; 
used as an intestinal astringent and antidote. 
Dose, I to 4 Gm. (15 to 60 grs.). 
tan-nal'bo-rin. [^[ 7 . M.’o3.] 

tan-nase'. A soluble ferment formed naturally in 
certain plants giving tannin and some organisms, 
tan'nate. A combination of tannic acid with a 
base, as the tannate of iron. 







TANNIC ACID 


975 


TAR 


tftn nib acid. i. =Acidum tannicum*; tannin’, 
gallotannic acid; digallic acid. 2. Any one of a 
class of astringent vegetable derivatives resem¬ 
bling tannic acid. T.sacid ointment = unguen- 

TUM ACIDI TANNICI*. 

tan'ni-gen. The acetic acid ester of tannin, 
diacctyltannin: an astringent when in 
the alkaline intestine. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.), 
avoiding warm or alkaline drinks, 
tan^nin. = Acidum tannicum*. 
tan'ning sumach. Rhus coria'ria. 
tan-nis'mut. = Bismuth bitannate. 
tan'ni-sol. A proprietary preparation similar to 
or identical with tannoform. 
tan'no-. Pertaining to tannin: a combining form. 
[< Tannin.] tan-no-ca'sum, a combination of 
tannic acid and casein: intestinal astringent.— 
tan-no-chlo'ral = captol. — tan'no-col, a com¬ 
bination of tannic acid and gelatin; tannogela- 
tin.— tan’no-cre-o'so-form, a compound consist¬ 
ing of tannin, creosote, and formaldehyde.— 
tan'no-form, a condensation product of formalde¬ 
hyde with gallotannic acid, C29H2oOjg; tannin* 
formaldehyde; methylenditannin: astringent and 
antiseptic. Dose, 0.25 to 0.5 Gm. (4 to 7^ grs.). 
Externally, it is employed in hyperidrosis.— tan- 
no-gel'a-tin, a combination of tannin and gelatin; 
TANNOCOL. — tan-no-hse-mo-fer'rin, a compound 
of iron, blood albumin, and tannin.— tan’non= 
tan'no-pin, hexamethylenetetramine tannin, C^g- 
H42O27N4: an intestinal astringent.— tan'no-sal, 
a tannic acid ester of creosote.— tan-no-sple-no- 
fer'rin, a compound of iron, spleen albumin, and 
tannin.— tan-no-thy'mol, a condensation product 
of tannin, thymol, and formaldehyde, 
tan-phen'y-form. A proprietary mixture said to 
be composed of tannin albuminate, 63.9 parts; 
hexamethylenamine, 8.3 parts, and salol, 27.8 
parts. Dose, 0.6 to 2 Gm. (10 to 30 gr ). 
Tanret’s reagent or test (tah-rez). A solution of 
1.45 Gm. of mercuric chloride, 3.3 Gm. of potas¬ 
sium iodide, and 20 Cc. of acetic acid, in enough 
distilled water to make 1000 Cc. Proteids give 
it an opaque appearance. 

Tan-si'ni’s method. A method for the cure of can¬ 
cer of the breast in which a large flap is trans¬ 
planted from the scapular region, 
tan'sy. =Tanacetum. 

tan-tal'ic acid. A white, amorphous compound, 
H2Ta206. 

tan'ta-lum. A rare metal discovered in a mineral 
named tan'ta-lite. Symb., Ta; at. wt., 181.6. It 
is not fusible but is obtained as a black powder, 
tap. I. To perform the operation of removing the 
fluid or air contents of a cavity by means of a 
cannula or trocar. Paracentesis. 2. An 
Indian jungle fever; probably trypanosomiasis, 
tape grass. Vallisne'ria spira'lis. 
ta-pei-no-ceph'a-ly. The state of a person who has 
a low skull, flattened at the front, tta-pei’no-ce- 
phal'ic, a skull whose vertical index is below 72°. 
ta-pei-no-cra'ni us. Having the ratio of the great¬ 
est height of the cranial cavity to its greatest 
length as 7.45—82.5 is to 100. 
ta-pei-no-pis'thi us. Having the angle between the 
radius fixus and a line uniting the punctum alae 
vomeris and the occipital point between 24.5° 
and 33°. [< TaireLvdQ low-^-bmcdiog posterior.] 

ta-pe'si um. The spreading mycelium of a fungus, 
ta-pe'tum. A band, membrane, or layer, especially 
the T. corporis callosi. T. alve'oli = peri¬ 
odontal MEMBRANE. T. cellulo'sum, T. chorioi'- 


dea = T. lucidum. T. cor'poris callo'si, the band 
of fibres passing outward from the corpus callo¬ 
sum to the middle lobes of the brain and roofing 
over the middle cornua of the lateral ventricles. 
T. fibro'sum, the intermediate portion of the 
stroma*layer of the chorioid of certain animals, 
as the cow, sheep, and horse, containing wavy 
bundles of connective tissue, which cause the 
metallic glow sometimes seen in such eyes. ^T. 
lu'cidum, a shining, iridescent portion of the 
chorioid in certain animals, composed of strata 
of plate*like cells containing minute crystals; T. 
chorioidea; T. cellulosum: to this is due the 
glistening of the eyes of carnivorous animals in 
the dark. T. ni'grum or T. oc'uli, the pigmen¬ 
tary layer of the retina. T. ventric'uli, a mass of 
white fibres uniting the cortex of the frontal 
lobe of the brain with that of the occipital lobe, 
tape-worm. ®-T^nia; Bothriocephalus; Cysti- 
cercus; hydatid ; proglottis ; scolex. Armed 
t. =T^nia solium. Beef t. =T^nia saginata. 
Broad t. = Bothriocephalus latus. Dog t. = 
T^nia echinococcus. Doublespored dog t. = 
Dipylidium caninum. Dwarf t. = Hymenole- 
pis NANA. Long t., Pork t., or Solitary t. =T^- 
nia solium. Swiss t. = Bothriocephalus latus. 
Unarmed t. = T. saginata. 
taph-o-pho'bi a, taph-e-pho'bi a, taph-i-pho'bi a. 
Morbid fear of being buried alive: sometimes an 
undeveloped form of paranoia, 
taph'o-sote. Creosote tannophosphate. 
ta-pi’no-ce-phal'ic; ta-pi-no-ceph'a-ly, etc. =Ta- 
peinocephalic; tapeinocephaly, etc. 
tap-i-o'ca. The name for the heated starch of the 
root of Manihot utilissima or manioc. As an 
article of food it is mild and easy of digestion, 
and forms an excellent diet for the sick or con¬ 
valescent. ^ ArROWsROOT. 
ta'pir mouth. A state of the mouth in which it 
assumes something of the appearance of a tapir’s 
mouth, the orbicularis oris muscle being atro¬ 
phied, while the lips are thickened and separated: 
a sign of facioscapulohumeral muscular atrophy, 
•fta'pi-roid, as an elongated cervix uteri, 
tapotement (ta-p6t-moh). [Fr.] The movement 
of slapping, or percussion, in massage, as with 
the halDclosed fist or side of the hand. 
Tap-pei'ners’ method. The painting of fluorescent 
substances over diseased parts and exposing the 
patient to concentrated sunlight, 
tap'ping. I. = Paracentesis. 2. A manipulation 
in massage; tapotement. 

tar. A dark*brown or black, viscid liquid or 
semisolid, obtained by heating the wood of the 
pine, fir*tree, birch, etc., or from coal, especially 
in the manufacturing of gas. Woodstar consists 
of resin, empyreumatic oil, and acetic acid, and 
is used in genitosurinary affections and various 
cutaneous disorders, Pix liquida*. T. acne, 
acne caused by application of liquid tar or by tar 
vapor; acne picealis. T. bandage, an antisep¬ 
tic bandage made by saturating a bandage after 
application with a mixture of twenty parts tar 
with one part olive oil. Barbadoes t. = petro¬ 
leum BARBADENSE. T.scamphor, naphthalin. 
Juniper t., oil of cade. T. mixture = mistura 
OLE i picis. T. ointment = unguentum picis 
LIQUIDS*. Compound t. ointment = unguentum 
picis compositum. T. syrup =syrupus picis 
LIQUID.®*. T. water, an infusion of tar in cold 
water: formerly regarded as a sort of panacea. 
T. wine = vinum picis. 


TARA 


976 


TARSO- 


ta'ra, ta'ro. An epidemic disease of Siberia, 
ta-ra-ba-ga'ni a tchu'ma. A fatal disease of Si¬ 
beria said to be contracted from the marmot. 
n Dl. ’o6.] 

tar-a-can'nin, tar-a-ca'num. = Antihydropin. 
tar'a-che, ta-rag'ma, ta-rag'mus. Disorder; dis¬ 
turbance: especially of the eyesight from trauma, 
ta-ra'i. An East Indian name for trypanosomiasis. 
tar=andssoot cancer. =Cance^ scroti. 
ta-ran'ja-bin. A variety of manna yielded by the 
camebthorn, Alha'ji camelo'rum, of Persia, etc. 
tar'an-tism, tar-an-tis'mus, ta-ran'tu-lism. The 
morbid desire of excessive 
motion, or dancing, said to 
be excited by music in those 
affected by the bite of the 
tarantula: in reality, an epi¬ 
demic neurosis, Chorea ; 

DANCING MANIA. 

ta-ran'tu-la. nar Tarantism. 
ta-ras'sis. Hysteria in males. 

Tarax'acum*. i. A genus of 
composite plants of which 
T. ofjicina'le or dens^le'onis 
is the common dandelion. 

2. The U. S. P. name for the 
dried root of T. officina'le 
gathered in autumn: it 
contains ta-rax-a-ce'rine, a 
crystalline substance, C^,- 
HjgO, and ta-rax'a-cine, a 
bitter principle. Dose of 
root, 8 Gm. (120 grs.). 

Extractum taraXaci*; 

ELUIDEXTRACTUM TARAX- 
ACI*. 

ta-rax'is. Any .slight disturb¬ 
ance of the eye. 
tar'co-nine. An alkaloid, CjjHgNOj, derived froin 

NARCOTINE. 

Tardieu’s spots (tar-diez). Spots of ecchymosis 
seen beneath the pleura and pericardium after 
death by suffocation and by infectious diseases, 
tare. i. The weight of the vessel in which a sub¬ 
stance is weighed. 2. To note the weight of a 
vessel which is to contain a substance, in order 
to deduct it from the gross weight, 
tar'en-tism. =Tarantism. 
ta-ren'tu-la. Tarantula, Tarantism. 
tar'fa. An African arrowspoison. [IG.’os.] 
tar'get. = Anticathode. 

Tarinus’s horny band (ta-rai'nus-fz). = Lamina 
CORNEA. T.’s fascia, the fascia dentata. T.’s 
foramen = HIATUS fallopii. T.’s pons = pons 
TAR iNi. T.’s space, the posterior perforated 
space. T.’s valve = VELUM medullare posti- 
CUM. [Pierre Tarin, French anatomist, 1700- 
1761.] 

Tarnier’s hatching cradle (tar-ni-ez). = Incu¬ 
bator. T.’s forceps, an axisstraction form of 
forceps. T.’s sign, obliteration of the angle be¬ 
tween the upper and the lower uterine segments 
in pregnancy: regarded as a sign of abortion, 
tar'nine. An orangescolored, crystalline alkaloid, 
GjjHyN04 + i^H 20, derived from narcotine. 
tar'o. I. A native Indian plant cultivated in 
Hawaii as a food. 2. =Tar.a. 
tar-ro-pet'ro-lin. A salve made from woodstar 
and petroleum: used in various skin diseases, 
tar'ry stools. Tar=like stools from melaena. 
tar-sad-en-i'ti o. A disease of the eyelids in which 
there is inflammation of the tarsus and of the 


meibomian glands: usually called T. meibo'mica. 
tar'sal. Relating to the tarsus: either def. i or 
def. 2. T. amputation, amputation of the foot 
through the tarsal bones. T. arches, arches 
made by the palpebral arteries above and below 
the tarsal cartilages. T. artery, a branch of the 
dorsal artery of the foot, running outward across 
the ankle. Internal t. arteries, twigs from the 
dorsal artery of the foot, running inward over 
the ankle. T. bones = tarsus, def. 2; ossa 
tarsi'^. T. canal, a canal beneath the head of 
the abductor hallucis for the passage of vessels 
and nerves to the sole of the foot. T. cartilages, 
the thin fibroselastic plates which give shape to 
the eyelids; palpebral scutes, palpebral carti¬ 
lages; palpebral plates. T. conjunctiva, the con¬ 
junctiva of the eyelids; the palpebral conjunc¬ 
tiva. T. cyst = CHALAZION. T. gland, a meibo¬ 
mian GLAND. T. ligament = PALPEBRAL FASCIA. 
T. ophthalmia, blepharitis. T. plates, the tar¬ 
sal cartilages. T. sinus, the space between the 
calcaneum and the astragalus filled by the inter- 
os.seous ligament. T. tumor — chalazion. 
tar-sa'le. One of the bones of the tarsus, def. 2. 
tar-sal'gia. Pain in the tarsus; talalgia, 
tar-sa'li a. The tarsal bones, 
tar-sec'to-my. Excision of the tarsus, 
tar-sec-to'pi a. Dislocation of the tarsus, 
tar'sen. Relating to the tansus. 
tar-si'tis. Inflammation of the tarsal cartilages: 
often of syphilitic origin. 

tar'so-. I. Pertaining to the tarsus of the eye: a 
combining form, [rapao^ eyelid.] tar-so-chei'lo- 
plas-ty, plastic surgery of the lower eyelid, ftar*- 
so-chei-lo-plas'tic. — tar’so-con-junc-ti'val, relat¬ 
ing to the tarsus and the conjunctiva, as T. gland 
= MEIBOMIAN GLAND. — tar*so-ma-la'ci a, soften¬ 
ing of the tarsal cartilage.— tar*sosor'bi-tal, re¬ 
lating to the tarsus and the orbit.— tar-so-phy'- 
ma, a morbid growth or tumor of the tarsus.— 
tar-so-pla^si a, tar'so-plas-ty, plastic operation for 
restoring defect of the eyelid, Blepharo- 
PLASTY. — tar-sor'rha-phy, an operation to reduce 
the length or width of the palpebral fissure.— 
tar-sot'o-my, a cutting of the cartilage of the 
eyelid. 2. Pertaining to the tarsus of the foot: 
a combining form, {rapadq tarsus.] tar-soc'a-ce 
= PODARTHROCACE. — tar-soc'la-sis, operative 
fracture of the tarsus: employed in the correc¬ 
tion of talipes and other deformities.— tar'so- 
met-a-tar'sal, relating or pertaining both to the 
tarsus and to the metatarsus, as T. amputation, 
amputation of the foot through the tarsometa¬ 
tarsal articulation: T. articulation, the articula¬ 
tions between the distal row of tarsal bones and 
the metatarsal bones: and T. ligaments, liga¬ 
ments uniting the tarsal and the metatarsal 
bones.— tar'so-pa-tel'lar cravat, g^cravat. — tar*- 
so-pha-lan'ge al, relating to the tarsus and thc; 
phalanges, as T. reflex, dorsal flexion of the 
second and third or second to fifth toes when 
the dorsum of the foot in the region of the 
cuboid or external cuneiform bone is lightly 
tapped: in certain organic brain lesions this 
reflex is absent and in its place there is plantar 
flexion of same toes. [H/. A. M. A. ij. ’07.]— 
tar-so-phy'ma, a morbid growth or tumor of the 
tarsus. — tar-so-tar'sal amputation, amputation 
through the foot ; mediotarsal or Chopart’s am¬ 
putation. — tar-so-tib'i al, relating to the tarsus 
and the tibia; tibiotarsal.— tar-sot'o-my, a cut¬ 
ting of the tarsus. 



Taraxacum. 


TAXINE 


TARSONEMUS MONUNGUICULOSUS 977 


Tarsone'mus monunguiculo'sus. An acarid fre¬ 
quently troublesome to those who work in barley, 
tar'sus, pi. tar'si. i. The tarsal cartilage, or mar¬ 
gin of the eyelid, eyelid.] 2. That por¬ 

tion of the foot which is between the metatarsal 
bones and the leg. comprising the astragalus, 
cuboid and cuneiform bones, os calcis, and sca¬ 
phoid bone; the instep. 

tar tar. i. An earth^like substance deposited from 
the saliva, which becomes incrusted on the 
human teeth near the gumsmargin. Riggs’s 
DISEASE. The washing out of the mouth every 
other day with a weak solution oh hydrogen per¬ 
oxide is prophylactic. If the saliva be acid or 
practically neutral, milk of magnesia may be 
employed. T. gland, one of the supposed glands 
secreting the tartar of the teeth. 2. The sub¬ 
stance found inside of wine=casks: impure potas¬ 
sium and calcium tartrates. Cream of t., acid 
potassium tartrate. T. emetic = antimonii et 
poTAssii TARTRAS*. T. emetic ointment = ANTi- 
MONIAL OINTMENT, ftar'ta-ra-ted, as T. antimony 
= ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TARTRAS*. 
tar-tar'ic acid. An acid, C^HgOg, obtained from tar¬ 
tar, and existing in many plants and vegetables; 
ACIDUM TARTARicuM*. It is refrigerant and anti¬ 
septic, It occurs in the form of a white powder, 
and is used in making effervescing drinks. 
tar"ta-ri-za'tion. The therapeutic use of antimony 
and potassium tartrate, as in syphilis, 
tar'ta-rized. Containing tartaric acid, as T. an/t- 

= ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TARTRAS*, and 
T. soda, POTASSII et sodii tartras*. 
tar-tar-lith'in. A proprietary lithium bitartrate, 
tar'ta-rus. Crude potassium bitartrate; argols; 
more rarely other potassium salts. T. boraxa'tus, 
potassium and sodium borotartrate. T. natrona'- 
tus = Rochelle salt. T. tartarisa'tus, potassium 
tartrate. T. vitriola'tus, potassium sulphate, 
tar'trate. A salt of tartaric acid. The principal 
tartrates used in medicine are those of potassium, 
sodium, antimony, iron and ammonium, and iron 
and potassium. Acid t., a tartrate in which only 
one hydrogen atom of the acid is replaced by the 
base ; bitartrate. Normal t., a tartrate in which 
both of the hydrogen atoms of the acid are re¬ 
placed by the base, f^ar'tra-ted, combined with 
tartaric acid; containing tartar, as T. antimony 

= ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TARTRAS*. 

tar-trel'ic acid. A white, amorphous substance, 
C4H40g, obtained by melting tartaric acid, 
tar-tron'ic acid. A white, crystalline substance, 
CgH^Og^COOH.CHOH.COOH, formed by the 
oxidation of glycerin with permanganate, 
tardro-nylsu-re'a. =Dialuric acid. 
tar'tro-phen. Phenetidin and tartaric acid, 
tash'kend (tash'kent) ulcer. =Sartian disease. 
taste. That sense by which we perceive the savors 
of certain bodies upon the tongue, which is its 
principal organ. In disease, as in facial paraly¬ 
sis, the sense of taste may be abolished. 
Ageustia. T.sbudSjT. bulbs, T. corpuscles, or T. 
goblets, peculiar microscopic gustatory bodies 
embedded in the epithelium at the base of the 
circumvallate papillae of the tongue and in the 
pharynx; calyculi gustatorii*. T.scells, cells 
found in the interior of taste^buds, and supposed 
to be closely related to the nerves of taste. T. 
centre, placed by Perrier near that of smell. 
T.send, a taste=cell forming the terminal end= 
organ of the gustatory nerve. Franklinic or Vol¬ 
taic t., the disagreeable metallic taste induced by 
62 



Taste-bud in Section.— i. 
Taste-bud showing gustatory 
hairs projecting into pore- 
canal. 2. Taste-pore. 3. Epi¬ 
thelium. (X 440.) (Piersol.) 


electricity, as when a copper and silver coin are 
placed in contact one above and the other below 
the tongue. T.=pore, a canal leading into the 
centre of a taste:* 
bud. T.sridges, 
the foliate papillae, 
which contain nu- 
merous taste* 
buds. 

taste'less aguesdrops. 

= Liquor potas- 

SII ARSENITIS*. 

T. quinine, a pro¬ 
prietary prepara¬ 
tion called febri- 
lene. T. salt, a 
name for sodium 
phosphate. T. 
tincture of iron 

= TINCTURA FERRI 
CITROCHLORIDI. 

tat-too'ing. An operation which consists in punc¬ 
turing the skin and introducing into the punctures 
fine powder, such as indiasink, vermilion, or other 
pigment. Syphilis may be transmitted by this 
means, as the saliva is frequently used by the 
operator in order to moisten the stain employed. 
It is sometimes performed to disguise pigmented 
spots upon leucomatous corneae, and to form an 
appearance resembling the iris, ftattoo'age, as 
Electrical t., for birth»marks. 

tat'ze. The fruit of Myrsi'na africa'na: used as a 
taenifuge. 

tau'ra-man. An immunizing tuberculin for cattle. 

tau'rin. i. A crystalline substance, CgH^NSOg, ob¬ 
tained from TAUROCHOLic acid; amidosethylsul- 
phonic acid. 2. A proprietary preparation of 
the bile of the ox. 3. A variety of tuberculous 
virus. [ < ravpoQ bull.] 

tauTO-car-bam'ic acid. A soluble compound, Cj- 
H^NgSOg, formed by fusing taurin with urea. 

tau-ro-chol'ic acid. A crystalline substance, C26- 
H^^NSO^j, found in bile: it precipitates proteids 
in solution. ftau-ro-choTate, as Sodium t., the 
chief salt of human bile. 

tau-ryl'ic acid. A substance found in the urine: 
said to resemble carbolic acid. 

Tausini’s operation (tau-zi'niz). Excision of an 
hepatic cyst, the wound being closed by a double 
series of catgut and silk sutures. 

tau-to-me'ni al. Of the same menstrual period. 

tau-tom'e-ral cells. Nervescells of the gray matter 
of the spinal cord whose axis*cylinders pass into 
the white substance on the side of the cord on 
which the cells exist. Hecatomeral cells; 
HETEROMER.AL CELLS. [<. TaVTO Same + //fpof 
part.] 

tau-tom'er-ism. A kind of metamerism in which 
two structural formulae are possible, but only one 
stable substance is obtainable, ftau-to-mer'ic. 

Tawa'ra’s node. A small node in the auricular 
septum of the heart near the entrance of the coro¬ 
nary vein, the fibres therefrom continuing into 
His’s bundle. 

taw'ny. Dull yellowish with a tinge of brown; 
fulvous; tanscolored. 

tax'i-der-my. The art of preserving and mounting 
the skins of animals so that they resemble nature, 
ftax-i-der'mic. 

tax'ine. An alkaloid occurring in crystals which 
may be extracted from the yew (Taxus) : proposed 
as a remedy for epilepsy. 





TAXIS 


978 


TECTORIUM 


tax'is. The operation of replacing by the hand, 
without instruments, any parts which have quit¬ 
ted their natural situation, as in the reduction of 
hernia, etc.; extension; tension, Reposition. 
Bipolar t., manipulation of a retro verted uterus, 
in which upward pressure is exerted through the 
rectum, the Cervix being pulled down in the 
vagina. Negative t., taxis by traction from 
within brought about by placing the body in 
certain positions, as the reduction of volvulus 
by lowering the head and the turning of the 
body the other way from that of the intestine, 

Taxo'dium. The genus of cypresses. Their growth 
is valuable in malarial districts and their leaves 
and seeds are diuretic. 

tax-d'o-gy, tax-i-coro-gy. The science of classi¬ 
fication. 

tax-on'o-my. The theory of classifications; the laws 
governing their construction. •j■t^X“On'o-mist. 

Tax'us bacca'ta. The common yew, a species of 
taxaceous trees. Its leaves and fruit are poison¬ 
ous. The leaves are sedative, and have been 
employed as a remedy in epilepsy. 

Tay'lor’s operation, i. An operation for cataract 
by making an incision with a broad needle, 
lacerating the capsule, and extracting the lens 
through an artificial pupil. 2. Section of the out¬ 
side of the shaft of the femur for genu valgum 
which is due to curving of the femur. T.’s 
suture, cobblers’ suture used in approximating 
the flaps after amputation of the cervix uteri. 

TaysSachs disease. = Sachs’s disease. 

Tay’s chorioidi'tis. A variety of central chori¬ 
oiditis with changes resembling those of retinitis: 
observed in persons of advanced years. 

ta-yu'ya, ta-yu'ga. The root of Dermophyl'la pen- 
duli'na and other plants of Brazil, containing 
ta-yu'yin. It is emetocathartic. 

Tb. I. The symbol for terbium. 2. An abbr. for 
tubercle bacilli. 

Tc. ^Tulase. 

Tct. Abbr. for tincture, 

Te. I. The chemical symbol for tellurium. 2, An 
abbr. for tetanic contraction or for tetanus. 

tea. I. The dried leaves of a Chinese evergreen 
shrub, of which there are two varieties, the'a 
ni'gra, black or bohea tea, and the'a vir'idis, 
green tea. In the form of an infusion it is used 
more extensively than any other artificial bever¬ 
age. It is slightly astringent, and produces a 
decidedly exhilarating effect on the nervous sys¬ 
tem, and sometimes neuritis and peculiar nervous 
symptoms, especially when employed in the form 
of tea cigarettes. The teasplant contains an 
alkaloid called theine, identical with caffeine; 
also tannin, or an astringent principle resembling 
tannic acid. T.sleaf eye, conjunctivitis caused by 
longscontinued use of tea-leaf poultices on the 
eye. 2. A vegetable infusion used for medicinal 
purposes, as mint tea, sassafras tea, and slippery* 
elm tea; species, def. 2. T.sberry = gaultheria. 
ts-B reast t. ; pectoral species; species emol- 
LiENTES {= emollient t.)', species laxantes ( = 
St. Germain t.)', wood t. T.smixture or T.spow- 
der, SPECIES, def. 2. 3. An extract of beef, 

chicken, etc. Beef tea. 

teach'ers’ node or nodule. =Chorditis tuberosa. 

Teale’s amputation (tilz). Amputation with a long 
and a short rectangular flap, one a perfect square 
half the length of the circumference of the limb 
at the point of amputation, and the other of the 
same width but only one*fourth the length of the 


former. The great vessels are included in the 
short flap. In amputation of the forearm and 
thigh, the posterior flap is long; in that of the 



Amputation op the Leg by Teale’s Method. 


team'sters’ tea. Tea made from Eph'edra antisyph 
ilit'ica: a popular remedy in venereal disease, 
tear. = Laceration. 

tearsduct. = Nasal duct. Tearspuncta, the lach¬ 
rymal puncta. Tearssac, the lachrymal sac. 
tears, i. The secretion of the lachrymal gland 
lacrimae*. 2. Hardened masses of any resinous 
or gummy drug, as asafetida. 
teasffng. The act of separating the fibres of a tissue 
with a T.sneedle for microscopic examination, 
tea'spoon-ful, pi. teaspoonfuls. A measure nearly 
equivalent to a fluidrachm, or about 5 Cc. It 
should be remembered that teaspoons vary much 
in size and in manner of filling, especially if the 
liquid be thick. The U. S. P. recognizes 4 Cc. as 
being the equivalent of a teaspoonful, though 
Wilbert has shown the teaspoon to have a capac¬ 
ity of from 4.6 to 5.5 Cc. For purposes of pre¬ 
scribing, the teaspoonful may be taken as holding 
a fluidrachm or 5 Cc., a dessertspoonful, 2 flui- 
drachms or 10 Cc., and the tablespoonful, half of 
a fluidounce or 15 Cc. 

teat. The nipple of the mammary gland, fteat'ed, 
having mammary glands, teat'ish, peevish, teats 
like, mammilliform. 

te-ber'sa. = Trypanosomiasis. [East Indian word 
denoting 3 years’ duration. ^ G. ’05.] 
te-bi'a-co. Relating to, or made of, opium, 
tech'nic, tech'nique. The skilful method of per¬ 
forming an operation or process. ttech'ni-cal, 
relating to an art or a science, 
tech-no-cau'sis. Actrral cautery. 

Techomy'za fus'ca. A common form of houseafly: 

its larvae are sometimes found in the stools, 
tec-noc'to-ny, tec-no-to'ni a. Child murder, 
tec-nol'o-gy. The science of children. 

Te-co'ma. A genus of bignoniaceous trees or 
shrubs, having unimportant medical properties, 
tec-to-ceph'a-ly. = Scaphocephalism. ttec*to-ce- 
phal'ic = SCAPHOCEPHALIC. 
tec-to-chry'sin. A golden coloringsmatter from pop¬ 
lar buds, 

tec-tol'o-gy. A system of structural morphology, 
tec-to'rium. i. A covering; roof. 2. = Corti’s 
MEMBRANE. [L., fr. te'gere to cover.] ftec-to'- 
ri al, as T. cerebellar = tegmental nu¬ 

cleus: and T. membrane, i. = Corti’s mem¬ 
brane. 2. Posterior occipito*axial ligament. 
3. = OcCIPITOaAXIAL LIGAMENT. 






TEDIOUS LABOR 


979 


TELEORGANIC 


te'di ous labor. Labor taking place slowly and pro¬ 
tracted beyond the usual time, 
teel oil. Sesame oil. Oleum sesami. 
teeth. Dentes’*^. Besides the varieties considered 
under tooth, see auditory t. {=Corti’s t. or hair 
/.); Chiai^’s T. (— black i.) ] block t.; Horner’s 
T. ; Hutchinson’s t. {—notched t. or pegged t.)\ 
mastoid t. {= supernumerary t.). fteeth'ing, 
cutting of the teeth; dentition, 
tee-to'ta-ler. A total abstainer, ftee-to'ta-lism. 
teg'men*, pi. teg'mina. A covering; tegmentum*; 
integument. T. of the crus cerebri = tegmen¬ 
tum*, def. 2. T. mastoideotympan'icum, the 
combined tegmen mastoideum and tegmen tym- 
pani. T. mastoi'deum, the layer of bone roofing 
over the mastoid cells. T. tym'pani*, a layer of 
bone separating the'tympanum from the cranial 
cavity; the roof of the tympanum being a part of 
the petrous portion of the temporal bone. T. ven- 
triculi quarti, the roof of the fourth ventricle. T. 
ventriculo'rum, the centrum ovale majus. [L.] 
teg-men'tum*. i. = Tegmen*. T. au'ris, the tym¬ 
panic membrane. 2. The grayish upper por¬ 
tion of a crus cerebri. Subthalamic t., the exten¬ 
sion of the tegmentum of the crus cerebri beneath 
the thalamus. [L.] fteg-men'tal, relating to 
the tegmentum, as T. ce//5 = cover=cells: T. 
nucleus, a nucleus of gray matter of reddish tinge 
due to numerous ganglionscells of a red color, in 
the tegmental region of the crus cerebri, near the 
optic thalamus, and between the decussating 
fibres of the superior peduncles of the cerebellum; 
nucleus ruber*', red nucleus; superior olive of 
Luys; nucleus tegmenti; roof nucleus; Stilling’s 
nucleus; tectorial cerebellar nucleus: T. part, 
pars tegmentalis*, the pedunculomammillary fas¬ 
ciculi of sections of the hypothalamus: T. ra¬ 
diation, fiVjres radiating from the posterior part 
of the internal capsule and passing to the cortex 
of the cerebrum: T. region, the upper surface of 
the crus cerebri and the corresponding parts of 
the pons varolii and medulla oblongata down to 
the pyramidal decussation: T. syndrome, alter¬ 
nating hemiplegia with disordered eye^move- 
ments: symptomatic of tegmental lesion: T. 
tract, a tract of fibres in the tegmentum back 
of the superior olivary body, believed to connect 
the latter with the midbrain: and T. wall, the 
paries tegmentalis* of the cavity of the tympanum, 
teg'min. A proprietary substitute for collodion, 
teg'one. A proprietary plaster, 
teg'u-ment. = Integument, fteg-u-men'tal, teg- 
u-men'ta-ry, as T. amputation, amputation with 
skinsflaps only, and T. epithelium, the epidermis. 
Teichmann’s crystals (taicn'manz). =H.emin. 
T.’s test, a test for blood, made by treating dried 
blood with glacial acetic acid and sodium chlo¬ 
ride, when microscopic crystals of haemin will 
form. (^Occult blood. 
tei-chop'si a. Temporary and partial blindness, as 
of a cloud before the eyes having a zigzag border 
like a fortified wall; fortification spectrum; sco¬ 
toma scintillans; flittering scotomata.^ Amau¬ 
rosis; Migraine. [< reixog wall -f vision.] 
teigne (te'nif). A collective name for skinsdiseases 
caused by parasites. [F. fr. L. tin'ea a worm.] 
T. achromateuse, alopecia with discoloration of 
the skin. T. d^calvante = alopecia. T. faveuse 
= FAvus. T. tondante = tinea tonsurans. 
tei-no-dyn'i a. = Tenodynia. 
tei-no-phlo-go'sis. Inflammation of a tendon. 
tek“C^don. = Tabes, 


te'la*. A web;web=like tissue; ti.ssue; rete. T. adi* 
po'sa = ADIPOSE MEMBRANE. T. aia'nea, spider’s 
web. T. cellulo'sa, cellular tissue. T. chorioi'dea, 
“choroid web,’’ a membranous prolongation of 
the pia mater in the third ventricle. Velum in- 
TERPosiTUM. T. chorioi'dea infe'rior, T. chorioi- 
dea ventric'uli quarti*, «®-Velum interpositum*. 
T. chorioi'dea supe'rior, the velum interpositum, 
or membranous prolongation of the pia mater in 
the third ventricle; T. chorioi'dea ventric'uli ter'- 
tii*. T. erec'tilis, erectile tissue. T. fibro'sa, 
fibrous tissue. T. haema'lis, lymph*cells, blood* 
corpuscles, or splenic tissue. T. os'sea, osseous 
tissue. T. sexua'lis, ova ; spermatozoids; germinal 
tissue. T. submuco'sa, submucous layer, as of 
bronchi, oesophagus, stomach, urinary bladder, 
etc. T. vasculo'sa, the choroid plexus. 
te-laes'cin. A glucoside, CjgHggOy, found in the horse* 
chestnut. 

tel-aes-the'si a. Perception at a distance; telep¬ 
athy. [< Tf/T^E far offperception.] 
te-lan*gi-ec-ta'si a, te-lan-gi-ec'ta-sis, te-lan-gec'- 
ta-sy. Dilatation of the capillaries and smaller 
blood*vessels, producing a form of angioma, as 
the congenital vascular tumors found on the 
eyelids and in the orbits: it may be associated 
with cirrhosis of the liver, internal cancer, 
scleroderma, X*ray burns, etc. i^N^vus. T. 
circumscrip'ta universa'les. [Tf B. J. H. //.’07.] 
T. lympha'tica, dilatation of the lymphatics as a 
predominating factor, Macroglossia. [< 
Tf/of end -t- ayyelov vessel -h EKraaig extension.] 
fte-lau’gi-ec-ta'tic, relating to, or caused by, 
telangiectasia, as T. glioma, a glioma containing 
an abundance of blood*vessels: T. lipoma, a 
lipoma containing a large number of blood*ves- 
sels: T. nae'vus— 'tiJEVUs vascularis; and T. 
wart, an angiokeratoma. 

te-lan-gi-ec-to'ma. A highly vascular tumor, as a 
birth*mark. 

te-lan-gi-o'ma. A tumor of dilated capillaries, 
te-lan-gi-o'sis. Disease of the capillary vessels. 
tePe-an-gi-ec-ta'si a. = Telangiectasia. 
tel-e-car'di o-gra-phy. In 1859 Upham, Farmer, 
and Pickering obtained tracings four miles away 
from a patient bom with a cleft sternum, ts- 
Electrocardiogram, ftel-e-car'di o-gram. 
tel-e-den'drite. The end*dendrite. 
tel-e-dac'tyl. An apparatus for picking up things 
from the ground without stooping: used in cer¬ 
tain spinal diseases. 

tePe-di-as-tol'ic. At the last part of diastole, 
te-leg'o-ny. The supposed morphological influence 
upon the unborn child of a man who has co¬ 
habited with the mother prior to impregnation 
by its real male parent, ttel-eg'o-nous. 
telegraphers’ cramp or paralysis. A neurosis analo¬ 
gous to writers’ cramp, affecting the hand and 
forearm of telegraph operators; glass*hand. 
tel-e-ki-ne'sis. Causing objects to move without 
contact. ttef-e-ki-net'ic. i®-T el^sthesia. 
tel-en-ceph'a-lon*, tel-en'ce-phal. The end*brain. 
ttel-en-ce-pha'lic. 

tel-e-neu'rite. An end filament of an axis*cylinder. 
tel-e-neu'ron. The end*neuron. 
tebe-o-ceph'a-lus. Having the normal number of 
cranial bones. [< completehead.] 

tel-e-ol'o-gy. The doctrine that the different parts 
of the universe have been created for a special 
end or purpose. ttel*e-o-log'i-cal. 
tel*e-o-mi-to'sis. Complete mitosis. I. M. ’06.] 
tePe-or-gan'ic. Necessary to life; vital, 


TELEOTHERAPEUTICS 


980 


TEMPERATURE 


tel*e-o-ther-a-peu'tics. Suggestive therapeutics. 0" 
Psychotherapy. 

te-lep'a-thy. i. Communication between two minds 
at a distance from each other without the aid of 
words or other signs; mental telegraphy; minds 
reading. 2. A form of hallucination and vision 
whose origin is claimed to be in a mysterious dis¬ 
tant something. tel-e-path'i- 

cal-ly. tel'ep-a-thist. tel'e-pa-thize. 
tel-eph'i um. A chronic indolent ulcer, ftel-eph'ic. 
tel'e-phone. An apparatus for conveying sound, 
especially speech, to a distance; in particular, 
the electric telephone, transforming sound waves 
into electric pulsations which travel with much 
greater rapidity. Its constant use is said to give 
rise to various occupation neuroses as tinnitus, 
otitis, and paralysis. 

tel'e-phote. An instrument for reproducing from 
afar an image by means of electricity: of theoret¬ 
ical use in diagnosis, 
tel'er-gy. Motor automatism. 

Teler'peton. A”genus of fossil reptiles, 
tel'e-scope. An optical instrument for viewing dis¬ 
tant objects; a tube having a convex object-glass 
at one end and a convex (or concave) lens at the 
other, placed at the distance of the sum (or dif¬ 
ference) of their focal lengths. Telescopes are of 
two kinds, refracting and reflecting, — the former 
depending on the use of properly shaped lenses 
through which the rays of light pass, and the 
latter on the use of specula or polished metallic 
mirrors which reflect the rays. T. eye, change 
in the shape of the orbit caused by constant use 
of the telescope or other optical instrument, 
ttel-e-scop'ic, as T. catheterism, passage of a cath¬ 
eter through one of a larger size, or over one of a 
smaller size, previously introduced: and T. eye, 
one which is focussed by protrusion and retrac¬ 
tion, as in certain birds, 
tel-es-pho-re'sis. Foetal maturation, 
tel-e-ster'e o-scope. A stereoscope for observing 
remote objects. 

tel-aes-the'si a. Distant perception; mind reading. 

Clairvoyance. 

tel*e-sys-tol'ic. At the last part of systole, 
tel’e-ther-mom'e-ter. A sensitive thermometer 
which acts from afar. 

tel'lu-rism. i. The influence of the soil in causing 
disease. 2. The poisonous effects produced by 
TELLURIUM. derived from or of the 

earth, as T. effluvia, exhalations or emanations 
arising from the earth. 

tel-lu'ri um. A rare metallic element found in 
the gold-mines of Transylvania, also in Boulder 
County, Colorado. It is white, brilliant, brittle, 
and easily fusible: at. wt., 126.6; symb., Te. 
Native tellurium occurs sometimes in six*sided 
prisms, but is commonly granular massive. It 
belongs to the group of elements which includes 
selenium and sulphur. When a minute quantity 
of this metal or its salts is taken into the system, 
it imparts, like selenium, to the breath and per¬ 
spiration a peculiar fetid odor. This disagreeable 
effect precludes its employment in medicine. 
[< L. tel'lus earth,] ttel'lu-rate, a salt of tel- 
lu'ric acid, H2Te04. tel'lu-ret-ted. tel'lu-ride. 
tel'lu-rite, a salt of tel'lu-rous acid, HjTeOj. 
tel-lu-rif'e-rous. 

tel'o-blast. A segmentation sphere at the end of a 
germinal band, ftel-o-blas'tic. 
tel-o-den'dri on. The terminal part of a dendron, 
especially when possessing motor properties. 


tel-o-lec'i-thal. Having the nutritive yolk concen¬ 
trated at one end: said of an ovum exhibiting an 
animal and a vegetable pole, 
tel-o-lem'ma. The covering of a motor end-plate 
of a nerve-fibre where it enters a muscle-fibre, 
formed by the sarcolemma and the sheath of 
Henle. [< reko^ end + Af/z//a skin.] 
tebo-ma-la'ci a. Phlegmonous erysipelas, 
tel'o-phase. One of the later karyokinetic figures. 

Daughter cells. 

tel'o-tism. The complete achievement of a normal 
function; e. g., perfectly emmetropic vision, 
tem'pe. = Temple. 

tem'per-a-ment. The peculiar constitution of the 
body; that peculiarity of physical organization 
which to a certain extent influences the disposi¬ 
tion and character of men. Bilious (or choleric) 
t., characterized, according to the old physiolo¬ 
gists, by a preponderance of bile, indicated by a 
dark or sallow complexion, black hair, and a slow 
or moderate circulation of the blood. Lymphatic 
(or Phlegmatic) t., resulting from the predomi¬ 
nance of lymph, or phlegm (which was regarded 
as the cold and watery humor of the body), in 
the system. It is characterized by a fair but not 
ruddy complexion, light hair, and a general soft¬ 
ness or laxity of the tissues. The ancients reck¬ 
oned also among the temperaments the Atrabil¬ 
ious or Melancholic, characterized by a predomi¬ 
nance of black bile (which was supposed to be 
secreted by the spleen), rendering the disposition 
melancholy and morose, and, when in great 
excess, producing hypochondriasis. Nervous t., 
characterized by the predominance of the nervous 
element, and by great activity or susceptibility 
of the great nervous centre, the brain. Persons 
possessing this temperament are usually distin¬ 
guished by their impressibility, by their capa¬ 
bility of intense feeling or intense excitement 
(which is often, however, not manifested exter¬ 
nally), and by the general activity of all those 
functions which are directly dependent upon the 
brain and the nervous system. Sanguineous (or 
Sanguine) t., characterized by a fair and ruddy 
complexion, yellow, red, or light auburn hair, a 
full, muscular development, large, full veins, and 
an active pulse, all indicating an abundant supply 
of blood. [ < L. temper amen'turn, fr. tempera're, 
iempera'ium to mix, to temper; because it was 
supposed to depend on the mixture or apportion¬ 
ing of the different humors of the body.] ttem*- 
per-a-men'tal. tem*per-a-men'tal-ly. 
tem'per-ance. The observance of moderation in 
eating, drinking, and all affairs of life; temper¬ 
ateness. 

tem-pe-ran'ti a. Literally, “ tempering ” or “ mod¬ 
erating ” [medicines], medicamenta being under¬ 
stood; agents which reduce the temperature of 
a body when it is unduly augmented, as cold, 
acids, certain salts, etc.; or agents which moder¬ 
ate the activity of the circulatory and nervous 
systems, Paregoric; sedative. 
tem'per-ate. Moderate; without excess; tempered; 

sober. T. bath, Bath. 
tem'per-a-ture. A definite or certain degree of sensi¬ 
ble heat, especially as measured by the thermome¬ 
ter. The normal temperature of the body of an 
adult person is about 37°C. (98.6° F.), being some¬ 
what higher in the rectum and lower in the axilla. 
(^Cold-blooded animals; warm-blooded an¬ 
imals. Absolute t., a temperature of —273° C. 
T, chart, a specially prepared chart for recording 


TEMPLE 


981 


TEMPORAL 



Diagram Showing How Drugs 
MAY Affect Body Tempera¬ 
ture. —H. Heat-regulating cen¬ 
tre. F. Centre for heat forma¬ 
tion. D. Centre for heat dissi¬ 
pation. V. Vasomotor centre. 
S. Centre for sweat glands. C. 
Capillary blood-vessels in the 
skin. G. Sweat gland. T. Tis¬ 
sue cells. Drugs may lower 
body temperature by diminish¬ 
ing chemical activity in T; or 
by increasing heat dissipation 
through dilatation of the skin 
capillaries or greater secretion 
of sweat. (Wood.) 


the temperature of one ill by means of a curve. 
Optimum t., that temperature which is most 
favorable for the growth of a special variety of 
organism. Per¬ 
verse t. sensa- “ 

tions, the pro¬ 
duction of a sen¬ 
sation of cold by 
a hot body, or of 
heat by a cold 
body. T. sense, 
the sense by 
which a person 
is able to appre¬ 
ciate changes of 
temperature or 
different degrees 
of temperature. 

T. spots, IS- COLD 
POINTS; heat 
SPOTS, def. I. 

Subnormal t., a 

diminished tem¬ 
perature below 
the normal, as 
from shock, 
tem'ple. i. The 
lateral region of 
the head above 
a line drawn 

from the eye to the ear; tempe. 2. That part 
of a spectaclesframe which passes back over the 
ears. [L. tern'pus, pi. tent'pora.] 
tem^plin oil. Oil from the cones of Pi'nus pumil'io. 
tem'po-ra*. Temples, the plural of L. tempus, tem¬ 
ple, def. I. 

tem'po-ral. Belonging to the temples. T. angle 
of the eye, the external canthus of the eye. 
T. aponeurosis, the temporal fascia. T. ar¬ 
teries. I. Arteries supplying the temporal region. 
The superficial are derived from the temporal 
branch of the external carotid, the deep are 
branches of the internal maxillary. The temporal 
or superficial temporal artery, the smaller of the 
two terminal branches of the external carotid, 
gives off the anterior temporal arteries to the fore 
part of the head, the middle temporal (arte'ria 
tempora'lis me'dia*) passing through the tem¬ 
poral fascia to the temporal muscle, and the 
posterior temporal to the posterior portion of the 
side of the head. 2. Branches of the posterior 
cerebral artery supplying the tentorial surface of 
the temporal lobe. T. bone, the irregular^shaped 
bone situated at the side and base of the skull, 
containing the organs of the internal ear, and di¬ 
vided into a mastoid, a petrous, and a squamous 
portion; os temporale*. T. canal, a small canal in 
the malar bone for the passage of vessels and a 
nerve from the orbit to the temple. T. convolu¬ 
tions, the convolutions of the temporal lobe of 
the brain. They consist of five convolutions: the 
superior or first; middle, second, or gyrus tempora¬ 
lis medius*', and inferior or third, on the lateral 
surface; and on the under surface the fourth and 
fifth convolutions, which are sometimes called the 
fusiform and the lingual lobule respectively. The 
fifth is also called the infracalcarine gyrus. The 
superior surface of the temporal lobe is crossed 
by two or three transverse convolutions. T. crest, 
a ridge on the frontal bone, beginning at the ex¬ 
ternal angular process and extending upward 
and backward to join the temporal line on the 


parietal. T. diplopia, direct diplopia. T. fas¬ 
cia, a dense sheet of fascia extending from the 
upper temporal line of the skull downward to the 
zygoma, covering over the temporal muscle. T. 
fissures = T. sulci. T. fossa, a broad fossa in the 
side of the skull, bounded above and behind by 
the temporal ridge, and in front by the malar 
bone: it is filled by the temporal muscle; fossa 
temporalis*. T. ganglion, a small sympathetic 
ganglion on the external carotid artery, near the 
origin of the posterior auricular artery. T. hemi- 
anopia, blindness due to loss of function in the 
inner half of each retina. T. line. i. A curved line 
on the outer surface of the parietal bone which 
forms a portion of the upper boundary of the 
temporal fossa. 2. Linea temporalis* of the 
frontal bone. Very frequently two lines, a su¬ 
perior and an inferior, are present. T. lobe = 
TEMPOROSPHENOIDAL LOBE. T. mUSCle = TEM¬ 
PORALIS. T. nerves, nerves supplying the region 
of the temples. The deep are branches of the 
inferior maxillary, and are distinguished as 



External View of the Temporal Bone of the Right 
Side. — i. Squama. 2. Mastoid portion. 3. Apex of 
the petrous portion. 4. Zygomatic process. 5. Glenoid 
fossa. 6. Preglenoid tubercle. 7. Glenoid fissure. 8. 
Mastoid process. 9. Back part of digastric fossa. 10. 
Mastoid foramen, ii. Tympanic plate forming the 
vaginal and auditory processes. 12. Auditory meatus. 
13. Styloid process. 14. Slight impression of the deep 
temporal artery. (Leidy.) 


anterior, middle, and posterior. The superficial 
are from the auriculotemporal. There are also 
temporal branches of the facial and of the su¬ 
perior maxillary. T. operculum = postopercu- 
LUM. T. part, pars temporalis*, as of the radia¬ 
tion of the corpus callosum and of the corona 
radiata in sections of the endbrain. T. plain, 
planum temporale* of the skull. T. pole, polus 
temporalis* of the hemisphere. T. point, a tender 
spot at the back part of the temple, developed 
in neuralgia of the inferior branch of the fifth nerve. 
T. process, i. The posterior angle of the malar 
bone, articulating with the zygoma; zygomatic 
process. 2. {Of the lenticular nucleus.) A mass 
of gray matter extending from the posterior 
end of the outer zone of gray matter downward 
to the roof of the inferior cornu, and uniting with 
the tail of the caudate nucleus. T. rami, rami 
temporales* of the facial nerve. T. ridge, the tem¬ 
poral line. T. squama, squama temporalis* of the 
temporal bone. T. sulci, the fissures on the 
temporal lobe. They are the first superior, or 
parallel, and the second {sulcus temporalis medius) 




TEMPORALIS 


982 


TENDINOUS 


on the lateral surface, and the third and the fourth, 
or collateral, on the ventral surface. T. surface. 
I. The portion of the parietal bone below the 
temporal lines. 2. The external surface of the 
squamous portion of the temporal bone. T. 
suture, the petrosquamous suture. T. vein, a 
vein which unites with the internal maxillary, 
formed by the superficial and middle temporal 
veins. Anterior t. vein, a vein from the diploe 
of the temporal and frontal bones, emptying into 
one or another of the branches of the temporal 
vein, (s- Frontoparietal vein. Middle t. vein, 
a branch of the superficial temporal vein 
which returns the blood from the top and side of 
the head; vena temporalis media*. Posterior t. 
vein, a posterior branch of the temporal vein. 
Superficial t. vein, a branch of the middle tem¬ 
poral vein from the posterior auricular, lateral, 
and upper portions of the skull. [ < L. tempora'lis.] 
tem-po-ra'lis. A muscle arising from the temporal 
fossa and the inner surface of the temporal fascia, 
and inserted into the upper part of the coronoid 
process of the lower jaw. It draws the jaw upward. 
T. mi'nor, occasional fibres arising from the edge 
of the interarticular fibrocartilage of the tem- 
poromaxillary articulation and inserted into the 
sigmoid notch of the lower jaw. [L.] 
tem'po-ra-ry albuminuria. Albuminuria lasting 
only a short time. T. cartilage, cartilage which re¬ 
mains such only in the immature state, becoming 
conv'erted into bone as life advances. T. gland, 
a graafian follicle. T. magnet, a magnet which 
derives its magnetism from some external mag¬ 
netic influence and possesses magnetism only 
while that influence acts on it. T. paralysis, 
paralysis lasting only for a short time, often due 
to drug action, as hypnotics, or to hysterical 
influences. T. stopping, a material for filling teeth, 
consisting of bleached gutta-percha, calcium car¬ 
bonate, and quartz. T. stricture = spasmodic 
STRICTURE. T. teeth, teeth of the first dentition, 
tem'po-ren. Relating to the temporal bone intrin¬ 
sically. 

tem'pori dex'tro. To the right temple: abbr. temp. 

dext. T. sinis'tro, to the left temple. [L.] 
tem'po-ro-. Related to, or connected with, the 
temple: a combining form. [< L. tern'pus, tem'- 
poris temple.] tem’po-rosau-ric'u-lar, temporal 
and auricular at the same time.— tem‘po-ro-cen'- 
tral, as T. tract, a tract of the brain connecting 
the temporal lobe with the central convolutions. 

— tem*po-ro-cer-e-bel'lar, as T. tract of the brain. 

— tem‘po-ro-fa'ci al, temporal and facial at the 
same time. T. nerve, the upper division of the 
facial nerve, distributed to the temple and the 
side of the face.— tem‘po-ro-fron'tal, as T. tract, 
the tract joining the temporal and frontal lobes 
of the brain.— tem'po-ro-hy'oid, relating to the 
temporal region and the hyoid bone.— tem'po- 
ro-ma'lar, relating to the temporal and malar re¬ 
gions, as T. canals, canals in the malar bone giv¬ 
ing passage to nerves to the temples and cheek: 
and T. nerve, a branch of the maxillary division 
of the fifth nerve, passing upward and forward 
through the sphenomaxillary fissure to the orbit, 
and terminating in two branches, the temporal 
and the malar; orbital nerve.— temp‘o-ro-man- 
dib'u-lar, relating to the temporal bone and the 
mandible, as the T. ligament of the jaw-joint.— 
tem'po-ro-max'il-la-ry, pertaining to the tem¬ 
poral bone and the maxilla, as T. articulation, the 
articulation of the lower jaw’, formed between the 


condyle of the mandible and the glenoid fossa 
and articular eminence of the temporal bone: T. 
nerves, branches of the facial nerve supplying the 
temporal and maxillary regions: T. region, the 
region over the junction of the temporal and 
maxillary bones: and T. vein, a vein formed by 
the union of the temporal and internal maxillary 
veins. It divides into two parts, one joining the 
facial, the other uniting with the posterior auric¬ 
ular to form the external jugular.— tem*po-ro=oc- 
cip'i-tal, pertaining to the temporal and occipital 
bones, as T. artery, the temporal artery: T. con¬ 
volutions, the fourth and fifth temporal convolu¬ 
tions: Internal t. convolution, the subcollateral 
convolution: Middle t. convolution, the second 
temporal convolution: T. fissures, the fourth and 
fifth temporal sulci on the inferior and inner as¬ 
pect of a cerebral hemisphere: and T. suture, the 
suture between the temporal and occipital bones. 
— tem‘po-ro-pa-ri'e-tal, as T. convolutions — re- 
TROiNSULAR CONVOLUTIONS and T. suture, the 
suture which connects the temporal and the 
parietal bones of the cranium.— tem'po-ro-sphe- 
noi'dal = SPHENOTEMPORAL, as First or superior 
t. convolution, the inframarginal convolution: 
Inferior t. convolution, the third temporal convo¬ 
lution: Middle t. convolution, the second temporal 
convolution: T. fissures, the first and second 
temporal fissures: Superior t. fissure, the first 
temporal fissure; parallel fissure: and T. lobe, the 
portion of a cerebral hemisphere not separable 
behind from the occipital lobe, and bounded 
above and in front by the posterior limb of the 
sylvian fissure; the temporal lobe.— tem'po-ro- 
zy-go-mat'ic, relating to the temporal region and 
the zygoma. 

tem'pus, pi. tem'pora. x. Temple. 2. Time. 
tem'u-lence. Drunkenness; intoxication. [< L. 

teme'tum strong wine.] fteni'u-len^t, intoxicated, 
te-na'ci ous. Holding fast; adhesive. 
te-nac'u-lum. i. A small, hook-shaped instmment 
for taking up divided vessels, etc. T.,forceps, a 
forceps each blade of which has hooked extremi¬ 
ties; volsella. 2. A band of tissue keeping parts 
in place. T. menis'ci, a band of fibre extending 
from the anterior end of the cartilage of the tem- 
poromaxillary joint to the region of the spheno¬ 
squamous suture. [L., fr. tene're to hold fast.] 
te-nal'gi a. Pain in a tendon. T. cre'pitans = 
TENDOVAGINITIS CREPITANS, 
te'na-lin. A veterinary vermifuge from areca. 
ten'ax. A variety of oakum specially prepared for 
surgical dressings. [L.] 

tench’s mouth or nose (tmtsh'fz). The os uteri. 
ten'der points. =Valleix’s points. 
ten'der-ness. The feeling of pain upon mechani¬ 
cally disturbing a diseased part, 
ten'di-nes, gen. ten'dinum. PI. of tendo*. isr Ten¬ 
don. T. corona'riae = CORONARY tendons. 
ten-di-ni'tis. =Tenontitis. 

ten‘di-no-plas'ty. Plastic surgery of the tendons, 
ten-di-no'sus. The semitendinosus muscle, 
ten’di-no-su'ture. = Tenorrhaphy. 
ten*di-no-tro-chan-te'ri an (ten*di-no-tro-chan-ter'- 
ic) ligament. A strong band between the cap¬ 
sule of the hip-joint and the great trochanter, 
ten'di-nous. Pertaining to tendons, or like ten¬ 
dons; aponeurotic; sinewy; ten'di-nal; ten-di- 
ne'al. T. arch, an arch of fascia extending across 
a muscle or an artery and giving attachment to 
muscular fibres; arcus tendinea*: as the T. arch 
of the pelvic fascia of the perineum and the T. 


TENDMENT 


983 


TENON’S CAPSULE 


arch of the soleus muscle of the foot. T. cords, 
the CHORDAE TENDINEAE* of the heart. T. in¬ 
scriptions, inscriptiones tendineae* of the muscles 
of the abdomen, T. spot = milk=spot. T. s)nQO- 
vitis = SYNOVITIS TENDINOSA. 
tend'ment. Care; attendance; attention, 
ten'do*. A tendon. T. achil'lis, the common 
tendon attaching the gastrocnemius and soleus 
to the os calcis; T. calcaneus*. ^ Achillobur- 
SITIS; ACHILLODYNIA ; ACHILLOTOMY. T. achilUs 
reflex, contraction of the gastrocnemius excited 
by percussing the anterior tibial muscles or the 
tendo achillis, the leg and foot being extended. 
T. calcaneus* =T. achillis. T. cordifor'mis, 
“ heartsshaped tendon,” the central tendon of 
the diaphragm. T. oc'uli, T. palpebra'rum, a 
small fibrous band from the inner ends of the tar¬ 
sal cartilages to the nasal process of the superior 
maxillary bone; the internal palpebral ligament, 
ten-do-mu'cin, ten-do-mu'coid. Varieties of mucin 
derived from tendons, ts- Chondromucoid. 
ten'don. A tough, white, fibrous cord, inelastic 
and inextensible, usually more or less round, 
but sometimes flattened, by which a muscle is 
attached to a bone: sinew; “leader”; “ guider.” 
The tendons of the kangaroo, reindeer, heron, 
etc., are used in the making of sutures. iS" Con¬ 
joined t.; CORONARY T.; HAMSTRING. T.sCarti- 
lage, a form of embryonic cartilage by which 
tendons and bone are united. T.scells, T.»cor- 
puscles, flattened connectivestissue*cells occurring 
in rows between the primary bundles of tendons. 
T. of the diaphragm = CENTRAL tendon. T.s 
grafting, the grafting of tendons; used in case 
of infantile paralysis and in hemiplegia. T. of the 
heel = TENDO ACHILLIS. T.sjerk, T.sreaction, T.s 
reflex, reflex contraction of a muscle induced by 
percussing its tendon. T.ssheath, the covering of 
a tendon, keeping it in place and enclosing a 
lubricating fluid. T.sspindle, a form of nerve* 
ending in tendons, consisting of an elongated 
elliptical mass in the vicinity of the junction of 
tendon and muscle, and pierced by two or more 
medullated nerve*fibres; Golgi’s corpuscle. T.s 
suture = TENORRHAPHY. T.strausplantatiou = T.* 
GRAFTING. Twitching of the tendoni = suBSULTUS 
TENDiNUM, T. of Zinn = Zinn’s ligament. 
ten-doph'o-ny. A sound sometimes heard in aus¬ 
cultation over the tendons or heart, in the latter 
instance considered due to the chordae tendineae, 
ten'do-plas-ty. Plastic surgery of the tendons, 
ten'do-sy-no-vi'tis, ten'do-tome, ten-dot'o-my, etc. 

= Tenosynovitis; tenotome; tenotomy; etc. 
ten-do-vag'i-nal. Relating both to a tendon and 
to its sheath. 

ten*do-vag-i-ni'tis. Inflammation of the sheath of 
a tendon; tenosynovitis, def. 2. T. acu'ta puru- 
len'ta, tendovaginitis with the formation of pus, 
due to wounds (with septic infection) or perfora¬ 
tions of the tendon sheath. T. crep'itans, tendo¬ 
vaginitis accompanied by a crackling sound at 
the place of the swelling when the tendons move; 
tenalgia crepitans. T. granulo'sa, tuberculous 
disease of the sheath of tendons; compound gan¬ 
glion. T. hypertroph'ica, small spindlesshaped 
swellings along the tendons and the sheaths, 
found in lead paralysis. T. sero'sa chron'ica (hy- 
dro'pica), tendovaginitis with serous infusion, 
most common on the flexor tendons of the hand; 
hydrops tendovaginalis. 
ten-ec'to-my. =Tenonectomy. 
te-nes'mus. Painful contraction of the sphincter 


ani and associated muscles with a constant desire 
to go to stool, at which time there are straining 
and burning sensations but little or no faeces are 
expelled: often seen in dysentery. The expulsion 
of no faeces or only small amounts, accompanied 
with straining and burning sensations; rectal 
tenesmus. T. ves'icae, painful excretion of small 
amounts of urine and constant desire to urinate; 
vesical tenesmus: a symptom of many diseases of 
the bladder. Dysuria ; strangury, ftenes'- 
mic, relating to, or affected with, tenesmus. 

Te'nia, te'ni-cide, etc. =T^nia; TiENiciDE; etc. 

Ten'nant’s powder. == Calx chlorinata*. 

ten'nis arm, tennis elbow. Soreness of the forearm 
and elbow caused by excessive tennis*playing. 

ten'ny-sin. An alkaloid found in brainstissue. 

ten'o-, ten'on-, ten'on-to-. Pertaining to a tendon; 
a combining form. [ < tevuv tendon.] ten-o- 
dyn'i a, pain in a tendon,—te-nog'ra-phy=TENON- 
TOGRAPHY, — te-nol'o-gy = TENONTOLOGY.— ten- 
o-my-ot'o-my, the removal of a portion of tendon 
and muscle, as in strabismus, in order to weaken 
one of the recti muscles.— ten-o-nec'to-my, ex¬ 
cision of a part of a tendon.— ten-on-om'e-ter, 
an instrument for measuring eye*tension. [T| G. 
’05.]—ten-on-tag'ra, gouty affection of the ten¬ 
dons.— ten-on-ti'tis, inflammation of a tendon.— 
te-non-to-dyn'i a, pain in the tendons.— ten-on- 
tog'ra-phy, a description or delineation of the 
tendons. — ten-ondo-lem-mi'tis = tendosynovi- 
Tis. Dl. ’09.]—ten-on-tol'o-gy, the doctrine 
or the science of the tendons.— ten-on-to'mi a = 
tenotomy. —te-non-to-phy'ma, tumorous growths 
in a tendon.— ten-on'to-the-ci'tis, inflammation 
of the sheath of a tendon, sometimes leading even 
to calcification.— te-non-tot'6-my, the etymologi¬ 
cally correct form of tenotomy. — ten-oph'o-ny 
= TENDOPHONY.— ten'o-phyte, a calcareous con¬ 
cretion in a tendon.— ten'o-plas-ty, plastic opera¬ 
tion on a tendon, ften-o-plas'tic.— ten-or'rha- 
phy, the union of a divided tendon by a suture: 
the correct form of this word would be tenontor- 
rhaphy.— ten-o-si'tis, inflammation of a tendon. 
— ten-os-to'sis, ossification of a tendon.— ten-o- 
su'ture = TENORRAPHY.— ten*o-sy-no-vi'tis. i. 
Inflammation of a tendon and its sheath. 2. In¬ 
flammation of the sheath of a tendon; tendo¬ 
vaginitis. A special form of tenosynovitis of the 
wrist has been observed in those playing ping* 
pong.— ten*o-to-ma'ni a, propensity to perform 
tenotomy.— ten'o-tome, an instrument for divid¬ 
ing a tendon.— ten-ot'o-mist, one who divides a 
tendon.— te-not'o-mize, to perform tenotomy.— 
te-not'o-my, the cutting of a tendon with a view 
to remedy certain distortions caused by muscular 
contractions, as in club*foot, wry*neck, strabis¬ 
mus, etc. Graduated t., incomplete division of an 
ocular muscle or its tendon for the relief of mod¬ 
erate strabismus.— ten‘o-vag-i-ni'tis = tendo¬ 
vaginitis. 

Tenon’s capsule (te-nSnz). The after part of the 
tunica vaginalis oculi, situated behind the points 
where the tendons of the eyeball muscles pass 
through; Bonnet’s capsule; orbito*ocular fascia; 
orbital aponeurosis; tunica vaginalis oculi; 
vaginal tunic; fascia bulbi; fascia of eyeball. 
T.’s fascia, T.’s membrane, a fibrous envelope 
enclosing part of the eyeball and aiding in the 
formation of the capsule of Tenon. T.’s space, 
the space between Tenon’s capsule and the 
sclerotica; interfascial space; suprascleral space; 
spatium interfasciale. [J. R. Tenon, a french 


TENSE PULSE 


984 


TERATOMA 


surgeon, 1724-1816.] ften-o-ni'tis, inflammation 
of Tenon’s capsule. * 

tense pulse. = Hard pulse. 

ten'sion. The act of stretching or straining; the 
state of being stretched or drawn tight, Elec¬ 
tric T. Applied to a gas, tension signifies the 
elasticity it possesses; the property of overcom¬ 
ing resistance. ts- Boyle’s law. T.scurves, 
curved lines in which the cancellous tissue of 
bones is arranged according to the directions of 
tension exerted on the bones. T. of dissociation, 
the point at which oxygen in combination in the 
blood is given off as the gaseous pressure is re¬ 
duced. Intrasocular t., pressure of the fluids of 
the eye against its envelopes. T.ssuture, a 
suture introduced to relieve traction on the lips 
of a wound, ften'si-ty. ten'sive. 

ten'sor. A stretcher, or extender, or that which 
stretches or makes tense: applied to certain mus¬ 
cles. T. cap'sulae, the muscular band from the 
upper part of the humerus, inserted into the 
capsule of the shoulder^joint. T. chorioi'dea, 
the compact outer layer of the ciliary muscle, 
made up of meridionally lying bundles of mus¬ 
cular fibres to which the outer and anterior por¬ 
tion of the chorioid and the trabeculae of the 
suprachoroidal space are attached. T. fas'ciae 
la'tae (femo'ris)=T. vagina femoris. T. fas'- 
ciae plantains, an occasional muscle, arising below 
the origin of the soleus, from the oblique line of 
the tibia, and inserted into the fascia of the sole. 
T. pala'ti, a muscle from the spinous and internal 
pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone and the 
extremity of the eustachian tube to the palate 
bone and the aponeurosis of the soft palate. It 
stretches the velum. T. tar'si, a small muscle, 
probably a part of the orbicularis palpebrarum, 
at the inner canthus of the eye; Horner’s muscle. 
It extends from the lachrymal bone to the tarsal 
cartilages, and its contractions facilitate the pas¬ 
sage, of the tears through the lachrymal duct. 
T. troch'leae, an occasional muscle extending from 
the levator palpebrgs to the trochlea. T. tym'- 
pani, “ stretcher of the tympanum,” a muscle of 
the inner ear, inserted into the malleus, which 
varies the tension of the membrana tympani; 
malledius. T. vagi'nae fem'oris, a muscle which 
arises from the spine of the ilium and is inserted 
into the fascia lata; fascialis; tensor fasciae latae; 
tensor fasciae femoris; M, tensor fasciae latae*, 
vaginiglutaeus. T. veTi pala'ti = T. palati. 

ten'sure. Stretching; tension. 

ten'sus. The penis. [< L. ten'dere to stretch.] 

tent. I. A roll of lint or piece of prepared sponge, 
LAMINARIA, TUPELO, etc., which swells when 
moistened, for keeping open or dilating sinuses, 
sores, etc., more particularly the cervical canal. 
^ Spongestent. 2. A portable place of abode, 
usually made of canvas stretched on poles. Since 
the introduction of the open*air treatment of con¬ 
sumption, syphilis, and other diseases, most in¬ 
genious contrivances, as window tents, have been 
made for this purpose. 

ten'ta-cle. A general term for any whiplike organ 
used for feeling or motion. [< L. tentac'ulum.] 

tten-tac'u-late. ten-tac-u-lif'e-rous. ten-tac'u- 
li-form. ten-tac-u-lig'e-rous. 

tenta'men med'icum. The Prussian medical exam¬ 
ination. 

len'ta-tive. Experimental; empirical; conjectural. 
T. diagnosis, a diagnosis made from the best 
available source of information, but which may 


be modified or changed as subsequent develop¬ 
ments occur in the course of the disease, opera¬ 
tion, postmortem, etc. 

tenth nerve. = Pneumogastric nerve: usually 
written X nerve. 

tenti'go. Lust; satyriasis. T. vene'rea = nym¬ 
phomania. [L.] ften-tig'i-nous. 
ten-to'ri um. A tense portion of the dura mater; 
dural tent. T. cerebelTi*, the horizontal proc¬ 
ess of the dura mater between the cerebrum 
and the cerebellum. T. hypoph'ysis, the por¬ 
tion of the dura mater above the sella turcica 
which separates the brain from the pituitary 
body. [< L. ten'dere to stretch.] ften-to'ri al, 
as T. angle, a craniometrical angle included 
between the plane of the tentorium and the 
basicranial axis: T. = collateral fis¬ 

sure: T. groove, a groove in the anterior end 
of the uncinate convolution, produced by the 
free edge of the tentorium cerebelli: T. sinus = 
STRAIGHT sinus: and T. surface, that surface of 
the cerebrum against which the tentorium rests, 
ten'tum. == Penis. [L.] 
ten'u-ate. To make thin; to emaciate, 
tenu i-fo'li-ous. Possessing slender leaves, 
ten'uis ma'ter. =Pia. car Bacillus tenuis. 
ten-u'i-ty. The condition of being thin, 
ten'u-ous. Thin; minute. 

tephTo-my-e-li'tis. Inflammation of the gray mat 
ter of the spinal cord; anterior poliomyelitis. 
Tephro'sia. A genus of leguminous plants, several 
species of which are laxative, tonic, etc. 
te-phro'sis. Incineration. [< Gr.] 
teph-ry-lom'e-ter. A graduated glass tube with 
which a circular section of the brain may be 
taken to measure the thickness of the gray matter, 
tep'id. Moderately warm, ts- Bath, 
tep-i-da'ri um. i. A slightly warm or tepid bath. 
2. Among the Romans a hot=air chamber entered 
before taking a hot*water or hot*vapor bath, 
tep-id'i-ty. Lukewarmness, 
tep'o-pote. = Teamsters’ tea. 
tep'or. Moderate heat. [L.] 

ter. I. Three times; thrice. T. in die, three times 
a day: abbr. t. i. d. 2. An abbr. for te'rexnh. 3. 
A prefix to names of salts, denoting that three 
atoms of acid or of oxygen are combined with 
one atom of base. 

ter-ab-del'la, -lum. An instrument for performing 
wet cupping; a mechanical leech. [< repeiv to 
bore -I- fli'ieXka leech.] 

ter-a-cryl'ic acid. A liquid substance, C7HJ2O2, 
formed by the dry distillation of terebic acid. 
te'ras, pi. ter'ata. A monster. T. anacatadid'y- 
mum, a twin monster joined by the trunks, but 
double above and below. T. anadid'ymum, a 
twin monster single below the buttocks and dou¬ 
ble above. T. catadid')anum, a twin monster 
separate above a varying point of the trunk and 
single below it. [<TFpac.] tte-rat'ic. 
ter'a-tism. Any abnormality of bodily formation; 
monstrosity, ts- Atresic t. ; ceasmic t. ; ec¬ 
topic T.; hypergenetic t. ; symphysic t. 
tei’a-to-blas-to'ma. A teratoid tumor; teratoma. 
ter-a-tog'e-ny, ter'a-to-gen'e-sis. The production 
or formation of monsters, fter’a-to-gen'ic. 
ter'a-toid. Resembling a monstrosity. T. tumor 
= teratoma. [< Tspac monster-|-eIdof form.] 
ter-a-tol'o-gy. That branch of science which treats 
of monsters, or the various malformations of the 
organic kingdoms of nature, ttefa-to-log'i-cal. 
ter-a-to'ma, pi. ter atom'ata. Tumors representing 


TERATOPAGUS 


985 


TERMS 


either the whole or part of a second individual, 
or a portion of tissue formed aberrantly or mis¬ 
placed during development. ^ Dermatoid tu¬ 
mor. fter-a-tom'a-tous. 
ter-a-top'a-gus. A. M. ’03.] 
ter’a-to-pho'bi a. Fear of or aversion to monsters or 
deformities. [< repag monster-f^o/Sof fear.] 

sis. Formation of a monster; congenital 
deformity, especially one of the skin, 
ter-a-to-so'ma. [^f /. M. ’08.] 

ter bi um. A name given by Mosander to a metal 
found in gadolinite in Sweden: at. wt., icS.S; 
symb., Tb. 

ter-chlo'ride. == Trichloride. 
ter-e-bel'la, -lum. A trephine. [Dim. of L. ier'ebra 
gimlet.] 

ter'e-bene. = Terebenum*. 

ter-e-be'num*. Terebene, a liquid consisting of 
dipentene and other hydrocarbons, obtained by 
the action of concentrated sulphuric acid on oil of 
turpentine and subsequent rectification with 
steam. It has an agreeable odor like fresh pine 
sawdust, and an aromatic taste. It has antisep¬ 
tic and expectorant properties, and is used in 
catarrh of the throat, bronchitis, flatulent dys¬ 
pepsia, and inflammation of the bladder and of 
the prostate. Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.), 
te-reb'ic acid. A white, crystalline substance, Cy- 
formed by treating oil of turpentine with 
nitric acid. 

te-reb'i-lene. A liquid compound formed by treat¬ 
ing oil of turpentine or a terpene with hydrochlo¬ 
ric acid. 

ter'e-binth. i. A name of Pista'cia terebin'thus, 
the source of Chian turpentine. 2. =Tere- 

BINTHINA*. 

ter-e-bin'thene. A liquid hydrocarbon, CjoHjg, ex¬ 
isting in the turpentine from Pi'nus marit'ima. 
ter-e-bin'thi-na*. Turpentine, a concrete oleoresin 
obtained from Pi'nus palus'tris and other species 
of Pinus. It contains a volatile oil {oil of tur¬ 
pentine) to which its properties are due and in 
which form it is generally used. It is stimulant, 
diuretic, anthelmintic, and, in large doses, laxa¬ 
tive. Dose, i to 3 Gm. (15 to 45 grs.). Linimen- 

TUM TEREBINTHINAE*; OLEUM TEREBINTHIN^*. 

T. canaden'sis*, " Canada turpentine ” or Canada 
balsam, a liquid oleoresin obtained from A'bies 
balsa'mea", balsam of fir: used for a mounting 
medium in microscopic work, and also as com¬ 
mon turpentine. T. chi'a, Chian (or Cyprian) 
turpentine. T. ven'eta, Venice turpentine, ob¬ 
tained from La'rix europce'a, or the larchstree. 
[L.] fter-e-bin'thi-nate, ter-e-bin'thi-na-ted, of 
the nature of turpentine; containing, or derived 
from, turpentine, as T. collodion, collodion ren¬ 
dered flexible by the addition of some fatty or 
waxy ingredient: T, ether, an ethereal solution 
of oil of turpentine: and T. fumigation, a vapors 
bath in which the steam is impregnated with 
turpentine, ter-e-bin'thine, resembling turpen¬ 
tine. ter-e-bin'thi-nism, the poisonous symptoms 
produced by an overdose of turpentine, ter-e- 
bin'thi-nize, to bring under the effect of turpen¬ 
tine. 

ter-e-bra-che'sis. Operative shortening of the round 
ligament. [H Dl. ’09.] 

ter-e-bra'tion. i. The act of boring or trepanning. 
2. A boring pain, fter'e-^rant, ter'e-bra-ting, 
as T. pain, a boring pain. 

te-rene'. A gaseous coabtar derivative, CgHg, used 
for illuminating purposes. 


ter-eph-thal'ic. A white, crystalline substance, 
an oxidationsproduct of turpentine oil. 
te'res, gen. ter'etis. A Latin adjective, signifying 
“long and round,” “terete.” Ligamentum 
teres; pronator radii teres. T. ma'jor, a 
muscle arising from the inferior angle of the 
scapula and adjacent parts and inserted into 
the internal bicipital ridge of the humerus; tere- 
tiscapularis. T. minflmus, a muscle arising from 
the axillary edge of the scapula and inserted upon 
the surgical neck of the humerus just below the 
greater tuberosity. T. mi'nor, a muscle arising 
from the infraspinous fossa and inserted into the 
lower facet of the greater tuberosity of the hu¬ 
merus. fte-rete' or te-re'ti al, as T. funicle or T 
/rac/= FUNICULUS TERES. 

te-re'sis. Observation. 

ter’e-ti-pro-na'tor. = Pronator radii teres. 
ter'e-ti-scap-u-la'ris. = Teres major muscle, 
ter'gal. Relating to the dorsal surface. [< L. ter'- 
gum back.] fter-go-lat'e-ral, dorsolateral, 
term. A limit; a definite period of time during 
which anything lasts. At term, at the end of the 
full period of pregnancy. [< L. ter'minus end.] 
ter'ma. The lamina cinerea of the brain. [< 
rkpfia limit.] fter-mat'ic, as T. artery, a branch 
of the anterior cerebral artery to the terma, or 
lamina terminalis. 

ter'mi-nad. Toward the terminus or end. 
ter'mi-nal. Relating to the end; belonging or re¬ 
lating to the summit or extremity; situated at 
the end or summit. T. acoustic apparatus = 
CoRTi’s ORGAN. T. alveolus, a pulmonary al¬ 
veolus. T. artery, an artery which does not 
anastomose with another before dividing into 
capillaries. T. cone = conus medullaris*. T. 
corpuscles of the nerves, corpuscula nervorum 
terminalia*. T. crest, crista terminalis^ of right 
atrium. T. dementia, dementia which is the final 
stage of various forms of insanity. T. infection, 
a bacterial infection which takes place late in 
another disease, often causing the death of the 
patient. [T[ O. ’06.] T. filum = filum termi- 
NALE*. T.frames = DEiTERs’s terminal frames. 
T. lamina = lamina terminalis"*" of the optic part 
of hypothalarnus. Lamina cinerea. T. neu¬ 
ritis = erythrAmelalgia. T. notch of external 
ear, incisura terminalis auris*. T. organs = 
Ruffini’s end*organs. T. phalanx, the phalanx 
farthest from the metacarpus or metatarsus; distal 
phalanx. T. sinus, a vein surrounding the vascular 
area of the blastoderm. T. stria = T^nia semi- 
ciRCULARis. T. sulcus, sulcus terminalis*, as of 
tongue. T. sulcus of right atrium, sulcus termi¬ 
nalis atrii dextri*. T. thread = filum termi- 
NALE*. T. vein, terminal vein of the corpus 
striatum. T. ventricle, a sac^like expansion of 
the central canal .of the spinal cord in the conus 
terminalis. [< L. ter'minus end.] 

Termina'li a. A genus of combretaceous trees and 
shrubs, as T. bele'rica, some species of which fur¬ 
nish myrobalan. 

ter-mi-na'tion. An end; a limit; the act of termi¬ 
nating ; the cessation of a disease or of a normal 
phenomenon, as a Fatal t. , 

ter-mi-nol'o-gy. The terms used in any art or 
science, as the bna. 

ter-min'thus. A carbuncle, or any cutaneous sore, 
ter'min-us, pi. -i. i. End; extreme point. T. 
supe'rior as'perae arte'riae, the larynx. 2. Term. 
Ter'mini ontogenet'ica, ontogenetic terms, 
terms. = Menses. 


TERNARY 


986 


TEST 


tcr'na-ry. Belonging to the number three, or con¬ 
sisting of three; arranged in threes; applied by 
Dalton to any chemical compound formed by 
the union of three atoms or 
radicals. Among the ter¬ 
nary com pounds are borates, 
chromates, phosphates, sili¬ 
cates, and sulphates, 
ter'nate. In threes; tripartite, 
ter-ni'trate. = Trinitrate. 
ter-ox'ide. = Trioxide. 
ter'pene. Any hydrocarbon of 

the composition the Ternate Leaf. 

terpenes are found chiefly 

in resins and essential oils, and form such com¬ 
pounds as T. hydrochlorate and T. iodide. T. hy¬ 
drate, a hydrocarbon product of terebinthine: 
used in whooping=cough and hay fever, 
ter'pen-ism. Poisoning with terrene, giving rise 
to intestinal pains, vomiting, inflammation of 
the bladder and kidney, etc. 
ter-pe-nyl'ic acid. A white, crystalline oxidation 
product, CgHjgO^, of terpene; terpeniic acid. 
ter'pin. A diatomic alcohol, CjgHgoOj, obtained by 
the action of alcohol and nitric acid on oil of 
turpentine; turpentine camphor: used like tere- 
bene. T. hydrate = Terpini hydras*. 
ter'pi-nene. A liquid terrene obtained from oil 
of CARDAMOM. 

ter-pin'e-ol. An alcohol, CjoHj^OH, from terpin. 
ter-pi'ni hy'dras*. Terpin hydrate, C]oHj8(HO)2.H20, 
the hydrate of terpin: a crystalline body used 
for the same purposes as oil of turpentine. Dose, 
0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). 

ter'pi-nol. A mixture of terpenes and terpineol: 
used for the same purposes as oil of turpentine. 
Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 grs.). 

ter-pin'o-lene. A hydrocarbon, CigHig, formed by 
boiling terpin hydrate, terpineol, and cineol with 
dilute hydrochloric acid. 

ter'ra, pi. -rce. An earth, or earthy body. T. al'ba, 
white clay, or pipe=clay. T. cario'sa, rotten* 
stone. T. folia'ta = sulphur. T. folia'ta min- 
era'lis, impure sodium carbonate. T. folia'ta tar'- 
tari, potassium acetate. T. fullon'ica (fullo'num) 
= Fuller’s earth. T. japon'ica = catechu. 
T. lem'nia, lemnian earth, an argillaceous sub¬ 
stance which has been employed as an astrin¬ 
gent. Terras o'leum, “oil of earth,” a name for 
petroleum. T. orella'na, T. orlea'na = annotto. 
T. os'sea = bonesearth. T. pondero'sa, natural 
barium sulphate, Baryta. T. sigilla'ta (al'ba 
and ru'bra), white and red bole. T. urinae, “earth 
of the urine,” the earthy sediment in urine. [L.] 
ter'rac-ing. Suturing in successive rows, 
ter'rain cure. A method of treatment for weak 
heart, corpulence, neurasthenia, etc., by regular 
exercise, mountain*climbing, and regular diet, 
ter'ra-line. A proprietary preparation of petrole¬ 
um: used like vaseline and cod*liver oil. 
ter-ra'ri um. A vivarium for animals used for in¬ 
oculation purposes. 

Terrillon’s operation (t^r-i-y6hz). Excision of a 
hydatid cyst of the liver with an elastic ligature, 
ter'ri-to-ry. = Regio*. T. of a cell, the region of 
extracellular tissue supposed to be controlled by 
some particular cell. 

ter'ror. Intense fear, Night*terrors ; day* 
mare; nightmare. 
ter'sor a'ni. = Latissimus dorsi. 
ter-sul'phate. A salt containing three molecules of 
sulphuric acid radical. 


ter-sul'phide. = Trisulphide. 
ter'ti an. Occurring every second day. T. ague, T. 
fever, or T. malaria, the common form of malarial 
fever in which the intermission lasts about forty* 
eight hours, and then the paroxysm returns every 
third day. Double t., intermittent fever with 
two paroxysms differing from each other, and 
each recurring every forty*eight hours, 
ter'ti a-rism. = Tertiary syphilis. 
ter'ti-a-ry. Third. T. amide, ^ amide. T. am¬ 
putation, an amputation performed some time 
after the subsidence of the inflammatory reaction. 
T. amyl alcohol = amylene hydrate. T. cur¬ 
rent, an electric current induced in a coil by a 
secondary current. T. degeneration, degenera¬ 
tion of a nerve from disuse. T. projection tract, 
the nervous tract made up of the peripheral 
nerves which arise from the nuclei around the 
aqueduct and the spinal gray matter. T. syphi- 
lide, ^ SYPHiLiDE. T. syphilis, as- syphilis. 
ter-tip'a-ra. A woman who has brought forth her 
third child; a IIDpara. Multipara, 
tip'a-rous. 

ter'ti us. Third. [L.] 

ter'va-lence. Trivalence, fter'va-lent. 

Tes'la current. A therapeutic form of rapidly 
alternating electricity, ftes-la-ri-za'tion. 
tes'sel-la-ted. Having square figures; checkered. 
T. cells, the flat cells composing pavement epithe¬ 
lium. T. epithelium = pavement epithelium. 
tes'se-ra. The cuboid bone. [L.] 
test. I. A means of determining the presence or 
absence of some condition or substance; a reac¬ 
tion ; an examination; a trial; a plan; a procedure. 
For the numerous chemical, therapeutic, physio¬ 
logic, ordeal, etc., tests included in this work, see 
the qualifying words for the descriptive matter, 
but it is well to remember in this connection that 
various cross references have also been inserted 
in order to facilitate the finding of the desired 
information. Thus, the explanation of the tuber¬ 
culin tests of the skin and eye will be found 
respectively under Pirquet’s reaction and Cal¬ 
mette’s REACTION, but cross references thereto 
have been inserted in several places, as under 
TUBERCULOSIS and TUBERCULIN. 2. A substance 
used to detect the presence of some ingredient; a 
reagent. T. breakfast, ts- T. meal. T.scard, a 
card on which teststypes, color*scales, etc., are 
printed. T.sglass, a small vessel of glass, re¬ 
sembling a beaker. T.sletter. = T.*type. T.s 
line, Bryant’s test*line. T.smeal, a meal 
given for the purpose of determining the digestive 
powers, as Ewald’s test^meal; and Boas's tesUmeai. 
T. mixer, a stoppered glass*cylinder. T.spaper, 
paper impregnated wdth litmus, starch, etc., which 
is used to determine the presence or absence of 
certain substances in solution, as acids, iodine, 
etc. Ringstest, a contact test of a reagent and the 
substance to be tested for. T.ssolution, a stand¬ 
ard solution of some chemical substance used in 
testing. ®-Fehling’s solution; Nessler’s 
reagent. T.sspoon, a small spoon with a spat¬ 
ulaslike handle, for taking up small quantities of 
a powder, etc., in chemical experiments. T.stube, 
a tube of thin glass closed at one end, used for 
performing reactions in chemistry with a small 
quantity of the reagent, for growing bacterial 
cultures, etc. T.stypes, printed words or letter* 
press in types of various sizes, employed to 
ascertain the acuteness of a person’s vision: 
Snellen test-types are the best known. 







TESTA 


TETANOID 


987 


tes'ta. A shell: particularly, oyster*shell, the shell 
of Os trea edu'lis. Also the outer seedscoat or 
integument of a seed. T. o'vi, “shell of egg,” 
eggsshell, sometimes used as an antacid or as 
a substitute for other salts of calcium. T. pr£e- 
para'ta, “ prepared oyster^shell,” finely powdered 
and cleaned oystersshells: used for the same pur¬ 
poses as chalk. [L.] ftes-ta'ce ous, belonging 
to, or having, a shell; of the nature of a shell, 
tes ta-den. A proprietary preparation of testicles, 
tes-ta-ment'a-ry capacity. Capability in law of 
writing a valid 
will. 

tes-tec'to-my. = 

Castration. 
tes'tes, gen. ies'- 
tium. I. The 
plural of tes¬ 
tis*; testicles. 

2. The poste¬ 
rior, inferior, 
and smaller 
pair of the cor¬ 
pora quadri- 
gemina. 

tes-ti-bra'chi- 

u m. The su¬ 
perior pedun¬ 
cle of the cere¬ 
bellum. ftes- 
ti-bra'chi al. 
tes'ti-cle. One of 
the two glands 
in the male 
which normal¬ 
ly descends 
before birth 
from the ab¬ 
dominal cav¬ 
ity into the 
scrotum, and 
which fur¬ 
nishes the SE- 



lO 


11 

Diagram illustrating the Course 
AND THE Relations of the various 
Constituents of the Testicle and 
THE Epididymis. — i. Globus major 
epididymidis. 2. Vas deferens. 3. 
Coni vasculosi. 4. Ductus epididym¬ 
idis. 5. Ductuli efferentes. 6. Tu- 
buli recti. 7. Rete testis. 8. Tubuli 
contorti. 9. Vasaberrans. 10. Glo¬ 
bus minor epididymidis. II. Tunica 
albuginea. 12. Septum. (Piersol.) 


MEN after puberty and produces an internal secre¬ 
tion from another part of the gland; testis*. 
The testicle is enclosed in three tunics, viz., the 
tunica vaginalis, a serous sac of peritoneal origin, 
consisting of two layers, a visceral and a parietal 
layer; the tunica albuginea, a strong fibrous tunic; 
and the tunica vasculosa (or pia mater testis), a 
plexus of blood*vessels held together by a delicate 
areolar tissue. This latter covers the inner surface 
of the tunica albuginea and the various septa 
within the testicle. The posterior border of the 
tunica albuginea is reflected into the interior of the 
gland, forming an incomplete septum, the medias¬ 
tinum testis or corpus highmorianum, from which 
numerous septa are given off, dividing the interior 
of the testicle into incomplete cone*shaped spaces. 
The spaces enclose the lobules (lobuli testis), which 
consist of one or more convoluted tubes {seminif¬ 
erous tubules) , which by their union form larger 
tubules {tubuli recti, or straight tubules). The tu¬ 
buli recti enter the mediastinum, there forming 
the rete testis, from which spring twelve to twenty 
efferent tubes {vasa efferentia), piercing the tunica 
albuginea, to form on top of the testicle the head 
of the epididymis, in which the convoluted ducts 
are coiled in the form of conical masses (coni vas¬ 
culosi). They empty into a single convoluted 
tube {tube of the epididymis), which is continued 
into the vas deferens. Some abnormalities of the 


testicle are Accessory, Displaced, Inverted, Irri¬ 
table, Pulpy, Scrofulous, Swelled, Syphilitic, 
and Undescendbd. (^Hydrocele; orchitis; 
varicocele. [< L. testic'ulus, dim. of tes'tis tes¬ 
ticle.] ftes-tic'u-lar, relating to, or derived from, 
the testicles; orchic, as T. artery, the spermatic 
artery: T. cord = sperm.a.tic cord: T. cyst, a 
retentionscyst in a seminal tubercle; a seminal 
cyst: T. duct, the vas deferens: T. fluid or T. 
luice, a fluid extracted from the testicles; sper- 
min: T. shock, the effect upon the nervous sys¬ 
tem induced by a blow upon the testicles: T. 
therapy, the hypodermic administration of the 
testicular fluid in the treatment of nervous dis¬ 
eases and senility: and T. veins, veins running 
from the testicles to the spermatic veins, 
tes'ti-cond. One with undescended testicles. [< L. 

tes'tis testicle -f con'dere to hide.] 
tes-tic'u-lin, tes'ti-din, etc. Proprietary prepara¬ 
tions of the testicular juice, 
tes-tic'u-lus. A testicle; testis. [L. dim. of tes'tis.'] 
tes'ti-mo-ny. The statement under oath of a com¬ 
petent and credible witness or expert. Not all 
testimony is admissible as evidence, although the 
latter includes more than testimony, e. g., exhibits, 
etc. Expert testimony. 
tes'tin. = Spermin. 

tes'tis*, pi. tes'tes. A testicle: sometimes called T. 
viril'is in contradistinction to the ovary, which 
is named T. foemin'eus or T. mulie'bris. 

tes-ti'tis. = Orchitis. 

Testivin’s sign {tes-U-vahz). A collodion*like pel¬ 
licle formed on the urine after the albumin is 
removed and it is treated with an acid and then 
with one*third of its volume of ether: said to 
occur during the incubation of infectious dis¬ 
eases. [Tf Dl. ’06.] 
test'smeal. See under test. 

test'on. A proprietary tannin compound from the 
testicles of steers. Dose, o.i Gm. (i^grs.). 
tes-tu'do. A figure*of=8 bandage around a joint, 
the spirals overlapping like the plates of a tor¬ 
toise’s shell. ^ Spica. T. cer'ebri, the fornix, 
te-ta'ni a. Tetany. T. gravida'rum, tetany during 
pregnancy. T. parathyreopri'va, tetany from re¬ 
moval of the parathyroids. J. A. M. A. j. ’07.] 
te-tan'ic. i. Belonging to, or affected with, tetanus. 
2. A medicine which acts on the muscles through 
the nerves. T. contraction = tonic contraction. 
te-tan'i-ca. Agents which augment the irritability 
of the muscles, as strychnine, etc. 
tet'a-ni-form. Resembling tetanus, 
tet-a-nig'e-nous. Producing tetanus, 
tet-a-nil'la. i. Tetanus. 2. Spasm of the fingers 
and toes, occurring principally in children, 
tet'a-nine. A toxic body, Cj^HgoNjO^, procured 
from cultures of the bacillus of tetanus and from 
the blood of those who have died from tetanus; 
tetanotoxin; spasmotoxin, 
te-ta'ni um. = Strychnine. 

tet’a-ni-za'tion. The act of producing tetanus or 
tetanoid spasms, ftet'a-nize. 
tet'a-no-can'na-bin. A substance resembling strych¬ 
nine sometimes found in Can'nabis in'dica. 
tet'a-node. Literally, “ affected with something 
resembling tetanus”: applied to a patient affected 
with tetanus when in the unexcited state, as 
distinguished from his being excited or tetanic. 
tet'a-noid. i. Resembling tetanus. 2. An attack 
of tetanus. T. fever, cerebrospinal meningitis. 
T. paralysis,T.paraplegia = spastic paraplegia. 
T. pseudoparaplegia, spastic spinal paralysis. 




















TETANOLYSIN 


988 


TETRA- 


tet-a-nol'y-sin. The erythrocyte»destroying body 
occurring in tetanus. Tetanotoxin. 

tet-a-nom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
force and frequency of tetanic movements. 

tet’a-no-mo'tor. An instmment for producing 
tetanic spasm by continued mechanical irri¬ 
tation, as by a hammer hitting the motor nerve 
of the affected muscle. 

tet'a-no-phile. Having an affinity for tetanus toxin, 
as the T. atom groups, side=chains found in the 
nervous system only. 

tet'a-no-spas'min. A body found in tetanus which 
causes the typical spasms, Tetanolysin. 

tet’a-no-tox'in. i. A poisonous ptomaine, CgHijN, 
found after growth of the tetanus bacillus. 2. 
= Tetanine. 

tet'a-nus. i. A disease in which there is spasmodic 
contraction of the muscles of voluntary motion 
and rigidity of the parts affected, due to the 
effects upon the nervous system of a tetano- 
spasmin and upon the blood of a tetanolysin 
elaborated by the Bacillus tetani at the point 
of inoculation. When affecting the muscles of 
the face and of deglutition it is denominated 
lockjaw. All animals are not equally affected: 
thus, it requires 200,000 more toxin, gramme for 
gramme of weight, to kill a chicken than it does 
to take the life of a horse. In those dying from te¬ 
tanus post*mortem rigidity comes on quickly, and 
may last for several weeks, rs* Carbolic acid; 
Fourth s OF s July tetanus; emprosthotonos; 
opisthotonos; pleurothotonus; pseudoteta¬ 
nus; trismus neonatorum. T. anti'cus, tetanus 
producing emprosthotonos. T. antitoxin, an alco¬ 
holic precipitate from the bloodsserum of animals 
rendered immune against tetanus. It may be 
administered subcutaneously or intravenously, 
or applied directly to the brain and the incised 
wound in the form of a powder. It is now con¬ 
sidered good policy to administer tetanus antitoxin 
in those ragged or penetrating wounds in which 
the development of tetanus may be expected, 
1500 units being employed for 
this purpose. Cephalic t., Cere¬ 
bral t., a variety succeeding in¬ 
juries to the cerebral nerves, 
marked by facial paralysis, tris¬ 
mus, and dysphagia. T. com- 
ple'tus, a variety of tetanus, 
consisting in the spasmodic and 
rigid contraction of the greater 
number of the voluntary mus¬ 
cles, which thus antagonize and 
counteract one another. T. dor- 
sa'lis, tetanus producing opisthot¬ 
onos. T. emprosthot'onos, ^ em¬ 
prosthotonos. Extensor t., a 
variety in which the extensor 
muscles are more affected than the flexor. Hy¬ 
drophobic t., cerebral t. Idiopathic t., tetanus 
formerly supposed to be produced by exposure 
to cold and wet, but now limited to those 
cases where no history of injury can be elicited, 
thus preventing the seat of entrance of the 
tetanus organism in the body to be determined: 
rheumatic tetanus. T. latera'lis, tetanus pro¬ 
ducing pleurothotonos. Localized t., tetanus of 
a part. T. neonato'rum, trismus of new-born 
children, c®- Trismus neonatorum. T. opis- 
thot'onos, opisthotonos. T. pleurothot'onos, 

fS - PLEUROTHOTONOS. T. pOSti'CUS = T. DORSALIS. 

Postoperative t., tetanus following operations. 



Bacillus of 
Tetanus, 



Tetanic Spasm in Tetany 
Parathyreopriva Show¬ 
ing Flexion of Wrist. 


Puerperal t., tetanus which is the result of par¬ 
turition or of abortion. Rheumatic t., idiopathic 
T. Traumatic t., tetanus which is the result of 
an injury or a wound. Uterine t., tetanus occur¬ 
ring during the puerperal state. [< reravog, fr. 
reheiv to stretch.] 2. Tonic contraction of a 
muscle induced artificially or from any other 
cause than the products of the Bacil'lus tet'ani. 
Apyretic t., Benign t. = Tetany. T. dolorif'icus, 
cramp. Imitative t., hysteria simulating tetanus. 
Intermittent t., tetany. Secondary t., the second 
contraction in the rheoscopic limb. Toxic t., 
tetanus following overdoses of nux vomica or 
strychnine. ' 

tet'a-ny. A disease, the result of defective func¬ 
tioning of the parathyroid glands, marked by 
painful tonic spasms of 
the muscles, especially 
of the extremities, pro¬ 
ducing contractions, 
but without loss of 
consciousness; arthro¬ 
gryposis. The spasm 
may occur paroxys- 
mally or may be con¬ 
tinuous, diarrhoea, ex¬ 
posure to cold, rickets, 
pregnancy, and exces¬ 
sive lactation being 
predisposing causes. 
fs- Accoucher hand. 

Epidemic t., Rheumat¬ 
ic t., a kind of tetany occurring in epidemics 
in certain parts of Europe during the winter 
season. 

tet-ar'to-cone. The fourth cusp of the fourth up¬ 
per premolar. 

tet-ar-to-co'nid. The posterosinternal cone of the 
lower premolars. 

tet-a-tox'in. =Tetanotoxin. 

tet'mil. Ten millimetres. 

tet'ra-. Four: a combining form. [<rfrptf for 
TEoaapa four.] tet-ra-ba'sic, containing four at¬ 
oms of replaceable hydrogen, as T. phosphoric 
actcf = pyrophosphoric acid. — tet-ra-bo'ric acid 
= PYROBORic ACID. — tet-ra-bra'chi us, a monster 
with four arms.— tet-rac'e-tate, a base or radical 
combined with four acetic acid radicals.— tet-ra- 
chei'rus, a monster having four hands.— tet-ra- 
chlo'ride, a base or radical combined with four 
atoms of chlorine, as Carbon tetrachloride. — tet’- 
ra-chlor-eth'ane, carbon tetrachloride. — tet'ra- 
chlor-meth'ane = carbon tetrachloride. —tet*- 
ra-chlor-quin'one = chloranil. — tet-rac'id, con¬ 
taining four atoms of replaceable hydrogen; able 
to replace four atoms of hydrogen in an acid.— 
tet-ra-coc'cus, a micrococcus occurring in groups 
of four; tabletscocci.— tet’ra-co'de ine, a poison¬ 
ous body formed by the action of acids upon co¬ 
deine.— tet'rad. i. An element of which one atom 
saturates four atoms of hydrogen. 2. A group 
of four similar bodies.— tet-ra-dac'tyl, having four 
fingers or toes.— tet-ra-dec'ane, an oily liquid, 
CnHgg, of the paraffin series.— tet-rad'ic = tet- 
RATOMic. — tet-raseth*yl-am-mo'ni-um hydrate, 
a crystalline compound used, in 10% solution, as 
a solvent for urea and uric acid, te-trag'e-nous, 
producing groups of four by fission: said of 
microsorganisms. Micrococcus tetragenus. 
ttet-ra-gen'ic.— tet-ra-gly-cyl-gly'cin. B. M.J. 

ij. ’06.] — tetrago'num lumbaTe. The space in 
the lumbar region, of quadrangular form, bounded 


TETRA- 


TEXAS FEVER 


989 

te-treth*yl-disam'i-do-tri-phen'yl-car’bi-nol-ox'a- 


internally by the edge of the sacrospinalis, exter¬ 
nally by the origin of the external oblique, above 
by the serratus posticus inferior, and below by 
the upper border of the internal oblique.— tet- 
ra-go^nus = platysma myoides. —tet-rag'y-nous, 
having four styles or pistils.— tet-ra-hy'dric acid, 
an acid containing four atoms of replaceable 

hydrogen.— tefra-hy-dro-be-ta-naph-thyl-arn'ine, 

a local mydriatic, CjqH-H^NHj; thermine; used 
in from i to 5% solution. Administered internally 
the drug elevates the temperature.— tet'ra-hy- 
dro-par-a-qui-nan'i-sol = thallin. — tetTasi-o- 
do-phe-nol-phtha'le-ine, as T. bismuth .— tet-ras 
i'o-do-pyr'rol = iodolum*. — tet'ra-po-sane, a 
waxy solid, C24H5(,, of the paraffin series, formed 
by the fractional distillation and crystallization of 
paraffin.— tet-ra-mas'thous, having four breasts, 
ttet-ra-ma'zi a. ^ Polymastia. tet-ra-mas'- 
thus.—tet-ra-mas'ti-gote, having four flagella, 
as certain micro-organisms.— tet-ra-meth’yl-am- 
mo^ni um, as T. formate, which is used in 
small doses to increase the appetite, and in 
large doses is said to act as curare.' — tefra- 
meth-yl-disap*si-do-ben-zo-phe'no-id, an errone¬ 
ous attempt at a chemical name for benzo- 
PHENONEID, copied into many reference books, 
tet-ra-meth’yl-en-di-am'ine = putrescine. — tet- 
ra-meth*yl-pu-tres'cine, an extremely poisonous 
crystalline compound, C8H2oN2 = C4H8(CH3)4N2, 
derived from putrescine. — tet-ra-meth-yl-thi'- 
o-nine hydrochloride, the common form of meth¬ 
ylene BLUE. — Te-tran'dri a, in the linnaean 
classiflcation of plants, those having four stamens, 
in a flower.— tet'rane = furfurane. — tet-ra-ni'- 
trol, an explosive having a milder but more pro¬ 
longed therapeutic action than nitroglycerin; 
nitro-erythrol. tet-ran-oph-thal'mus, a mon¬ 
strosity with four eyes.— tet-ran-op'si a, a disor¬ 
dered state of vision in which there is obliteration 
of one-quarter of the visual field.— Te-tran'y- 
chus, a genus of acarids, several species of which 
are noxious to man, as T. autumna'lis, the 
harvest bug, whose mite, Lep'tus autumna'lis 
or Trombid'ium autumna'lis, burrows under the 
skin, causing severe itching: T. molestis'simus, 
an acarid attacking man and causing severe itch¬ 
ing: and T. tlalsahuate (tl 41 -sa-hwa't^), a Mexican 
mite which attacks man. tet-ra-o'tus = tetro- 
Tus.— tet'ra-ox-y-va-le'ric = arabonic acid. 
tet-ra-pep'tide, a peptide containing four amino- 
acid radicals in the molecule.— tet-ra-pet'a-lous, 
having four petals or flower-leaves.— tet-ra-phar'- 
ma-con, a medicine composed of four drugs: 
specifically, an ointment made of lard, wax, pitch, 
and resin. — tet-ra-phe'nol == furfurane. — tet- 
ra-phyl'lous, having four leaves.— tet-ra-ple'gi a, 
paralysis of all four limbs at once.— tet'ra-pod, an 
insect having four legs.— te-trap'o-do’us, tet'ra- 
pous, having four feet.— tet'ra-pus, a monster 
with four feet.— te-tras'ce-lus, a monster having 
four legs.— tet-ra-schis'tic, divided by fission into 
four.— te-tras'ter, a figure assumed in karyoki- 
nesis by a fourfold division of the nucleus.— tet’- 
ra-sti-chi'a-sis, a condition in which the eye¬ 
lashes are arranged in four rows.— Tetras'toma 
rena'lis, a trematode entozoon occasionally found 
in the urine.— tet-ra-tom'ic, a term applied to an 
element or radical capable of combining with and 
saturating four monad atoms, or four atoms of 
hydrogen. T. molecule, a molecule which con¬ 
tains four atoms, as phosphorus.— te-trav'a-lent, 
having a valence of four; quadrivalent. 


late. A green, crystalline dye, C 27 H 34 N 20 .C 2 H 20 ^, 
which is blue in aqueous solution. This solution 
is used as a test for hydrochloric acid in the gas 
trie juice, by which it is changed to green. 
Tet'rodon. A genus of Chinese and Japanese fish 
whose roe contains a poisonous base, tet-ro-do'- 
nine, which may prove quickly fatal to man by 
acting on the nervous system, 
tet'role. = Furfurane. 
te-trol'ic acid. A white, crystalline substance, 

Oj, obtained from crotonic acid. 
tet'ro-nal. A useful hypnotic, C9H20S2O4, resem¬ 
bling sulphonal; diethylsulphondiethylmethane. 
Dose, I Gm. (15 grs.). 

tet-ro-ner'y-thrin. One of a number of coloring 
principles found in certain of the lower animals, 
tet-roph-thal'mus. A variety of double-faced mon¬ 
strosity having four eyes but only two ears, 
tet'rose. A subdivision of the class monosaccha¬ 
rides, having the formula C^HgO^, and repre¬ 
sented by erythrose alone, 
tet-ro'tus. A variety of double-faced monster inter¬ 
mediate between a diprosopus and a dicepha- 
LUS. The two heads are nearly separated, and 
there are four eyes and four ears. i^Tetroph- 
THALMUS. [< TETpa- four + opf ear.] 
te-trox'ide. A compound of a base or radical with 
four oxygen atoms, 
tet'ryl. = Butyl. 
tet-ryl-am'ine. =Butylamine. 
tet'ry-lene. = Butylene. 

tet'ter. A popular name for many cutaneous dis¬ 
eases, especially eczema, herpes, and psoriasis. 
f 3 r Salt rheum. Blister t., pemphigus. Brawny 
t., seborrhoea capitis. Dry t., almost any form of 
dry eczema. Eating t., a variety forming ulcer¬ 
ous excrescences, usually in the region of the 
nose; lupus. Honeycomb t., favus. Milky t., 
crusta lactea. Moist t., Running t., moist eczema. 
Scaly t., squamous eczema; psoriasis. Washer¬ 
women’s t., squamous eczema, 
tet'y. An affection common in Madagascar, char¬ 
acterized by a pustular or scaly eruption around 
the mouth and nose. 

teu'erin. A crystalline glucoside, C2iH2^0,,, derived 
from Teu'erium fruc'ticans: has antiseptic prop¬ 
erties. 

Teu'erium. Germander, a genus of labiate herbs 
and shrubs, comprising many widely distributed 
in Asia, Europe, etc. Several of them have been 
used in medicine for their tonic and stimulant 
properties. T. cham8B'dr3rs, wall-germander, a 
species having alterative and febrifuge proper¬ 
ties. T. scor'dium, water-germander, a native of 
Europe. 

teut'lose. A variety of sugar obtained in the juice 
of beet-root. [ < tevtTmv beet.] 
tew'fi-kose. A sugar found in the milk of the 
Egyptian buffalo. Bos bu'balus. 

Tex'as (tex'an) fever. An infectious, contagious 
blood disease of homed cattle in southern lati¬ 
tudes, characterized by haemoglobinuria, rise in 
temperature, destruction of the red blood corpus¬ 
cles, splenic hypertrophy, inflammation of the 
stomach, and the presence in the blood of the 
protozoan parasite, Piroplas'ma (Pyroso'ma) 
bigem'inum, discovered in 1889 by Theobald 
Smith and transmitted, as demonstrated slightly 
later by Kilborne, from animal to animal by the 
cattle tick Booph'ilus bo'vis; redwater fever, 
southern cattle fever; bovine malaria; Spanisl; 


TEXIS 


990 


THEBAIC 


fever; “ bloody murrain.” Therapeutically try¬ 
pan blue is of use. i^Piroplasmosis ; Rhodesian 
CATTLE DISEASE. T. mange = ARMY ITCH. T. 
screwsworm = screw=worm. 
tex'is. Child-bearing. 
text=blind'ness. =Word blindness. 
tex'ti-form. Formed like a tissue or network, 
tex'tile. Formed of interwoven threads; woven, 
tex'ture. A web; structure; disposition or arrange¬ 
ment of the parts of a body; a particular ar¬ 
rangement of the anatomical elements of living 
beings. ^Tissue, ftex'tu-ral. 
tex'tus. A web; a tissue. [L., “ woven.”] 
thaPa-men-ceph'a-lon*. The portions of the brain 
around the third ventricle developed from the 
posterior part of the first primary cerebral vesicle, 
and comprising the thalami, the optic tracts and 
chiasm, the infundibulum, part of the epiphysis, 
the corpora albicantia, the conarium, the lamina 
cinerea, and other portions; thalamic brain; dien¬ 
cephalon, interbrain, ’tween-brain, fthal'a-men- 
ceph'al; thaPa-men-ce-phal'ic. 
thal'a-mi. The plural of Thalamus*. 
tha-lam'ic. Of or relating to the optic thalamus. 
T. artery, a branch of the posterior communi¬ 
cating artery to the optic thalamus; middle 
thalamic artery. T. brain = thalamencepha- 
LON*. T. commissure = commissura media. 
T. epilepsy, a variety of sensory epilepsy due to 
disease of the optic thalamus. T. radiation, ra¬ 
diating fibres in the cerebral hemisphere, derived 
from the optic thalamus. T. syndrome. [^O. vii.] 
thal'a-mo-. Relating or pertaining to the thala¬ 
mus*: a combining form. [< daXafio^ chamber or 
bridal bed.] thal'a-mo-ccele, thal'a-mo-cele, the 
third ventricle of the brain.— thal*a-mo-cor'ti-cal, 
relating to the optic thalamus and the cerebral 
cortex.— thaha-mo-cru'ral, relating to the optic 
thalamus and a crus cerebri.— thaba-mo-len-tic'u- 
lar, relating or pertaining to the optic thalamus 
and the lenticular nucleus, as T. limb, the pos¬ 
terior portion of the internal capsule of the brain. 
— thal-a-mo-mam'mil-la-ry, as T. fasciculus = 
Vicq-d’Azyr’s bundle. — thaha-mo-teg-men'- 
tal, as Crossed t. tract, a tract of nerve-fibres 
passing from the spinal cord through the tegmen¬ 
tum to the optic thalamus, 
thal'a-mus*, pi. thal'ami. The optic thalamus, a 
mass of gray matter at the base of the brain, ly¬ 
ing above the crus cerebri, projecting into and 
bounding laterally the third ventricle, forming a 
part of the wall of the lateral ventricle, and con¬ 
nected with its fellow by the middle commissure 
of the brain and with the cerebral cortex by ra¬ 
diating fibres. It is made up of an anterior and 
a posterior segment, or pulvinar, which contain 
an inner, a lateral, and an anterior nucleus. T. 
ner'vi op'tici, optic thalamus. Thalami nervo'- 
rum optico'rum, “ beds of the optic nerves,” = 
optic thalamus. T. op'ticus = optic thalamus. 
tha-las'sin. The poison of sponge-fisher’s disease, 
tha-las-so-pho'bi a. Dread of the sea. 
tha-las-so-ther'a-py. Treatment consisting in sea¬ 
bathing, sea-voyages, or residence by the sea. 
tha-lic'trine. A yellow crystalline alkaloid resem¬ 
bling aconitine, derived from TItalic'trum macro¬ 
car'pum, a ranunculaceous plant ; macrocarpine. 
thal-lei'o-quin test. A test for quinine, made by 
treating a neutralized solution with chlorine or 
bromine and then with an excess of ammonia, 
when the green substance thalleioquin forms. 
thaFlen^* A solid hydrocarbon, isomeric 


with anthracene, from American petroleum 
thal'lin. A crystalline derivative, CjoHjgNO, of coal- 
tar : used as an antipyretic and bactericide. 
Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 grs.). The best known salts 
are the acetate, hydrochloride, periodide, sali¬ 
cylate, sulphate, tannate, and tartrate, 
lin-i-za'tion, the act of bringing the system 
under the influence of thallin or its salts, requir¬ 
ing, on account of the transitory effect of these 
medicines, their administration in hourly doses, 
thal'lium. A rare element, discovered in 1861 al¬ 
most simultaneously by Lamy in France and 
Crookes in England, by means of the green line 
in the spectroscope. It is a white metal with a 
high lustre, resembling lead, and is so soft that it 
may be welded by pressure at the ordinary 
temperature; at. wt., 202.6; symb., Tl. The 
sulphate is used as an injection in 1% in cys¬ 
titis, and the acetate is administered internally in 
doses of o.i to 0.2 Gm. (i^ to 3 grs.). In over¬ 
doses thallium acts as an energetic poison. [ <. 
daXKoq a green shoot.] fthal'lic. 
thal'lo-chlor. A greenish coloring matter found in 
various lichens, as Cetraria islandica. 
thal'lo-phyte. A member of the lower Cryptogam'ia, 
which include algae, fungi, and lichens; they show 
little or no differentiation of leaf, stem, and root, 
thal-men-ceph'a-lon. = Thalamencephalon*. 
thanat'ici mor'bi. Fatal affections; especially from 
violence. 

than'a-to-. Relating or pertaining to death: a com¬ 
bining form. [< ddvaTog death.] than*a-to-bi- 
o-log'ic, relating to life and death.— than-a-to'- 
des, mortal.— than’a-tog-no-mon'ic, characteris¬ 
tic of death; indicating death.— than'a-toid, re¬ 
sembling death.— than-a-tog'ra-phy, an account 
of one’s death.— than-a-toFo-gy, that branch of 
pathology which treats of the phenomena and 
proximate cause of death, tthan-a-to-log'i-cal. 

— than'a-to-ma'ni a, suicidal mania. — than-a- 
tom'e-ter, a thermometer inserted into cavities 
of the body to ascertain, by reduction of temper¬ 
ature, whether the body is really dead or not. 

— than‘a-to-phid'i a, the poisonous serpents, 
fthan'a-to-phid'e-al. — than*a-to-pho'bi a, fear of 
death.— than-a-top'si a, than-a-top'sy, a post¬ 
mortem examination.— than-a-top'sis, a reflec¬ 
tive view of death.— than-a-to'sis, death of a 
part; mortification; gangrene. 

Thane’s method. A method of locating the fissure 
of Rolando upon the surface of the skull. Its 
upper end is about one-half inch behind the 
middle of a line uniting the inion and the gla¬ 
bella, and its lower end about one and one-quarter 
inches behind the external angular process of the 
frontal bone. 

tha'o. = Gelose. Lt. ’08. Jap.] 

Thap'si a. A genus of umbelliferous plants having 
unimportant medical properties. T. plaster, a 
plaster made from the resin of Thap'sia gargan'- 
ica: used as a counterirritant in dermatoses, 
tharm. Intestine; entrail. [< Tpdpig gut.] 
thau'ma-trope. A form of zoetrope. 
thau-mat'ro-py. The transformation of a part or of 
an organ into another part or organ, 
thau-ma-tur'gic. Marginal. 

The'a. A genus of evergreen shrubs of the order 
Camellia'cecB, comprising several species, natives 
of China, India, Japan, etc., now referred to 
Camel'lia. Tea. T. ni'gra, black tea. T. vir'- 
idis, green tea. tthe'a-ism. 
th?-ba'ic. Pertaining to, or derived from, opium- 


THEBAICINE 


991 


THERAPEUTICS 


Ae-ba'i-cine. An amorphous alkaloid, C19H21NO, 
formed along with thebenine by the action of 
concentrated hydrochloric acid on thebaine. 
the ba-ine. A white, crystalline, poisonous alka¬ 
loid, Cj9H2iN 03, found in opium, resembling 
strychnine in its effects; paramorphine, 
the'ba-ism. Opium poisoning, 
the'be-nine. An amorphous alkaloid, C19H21NO3, 
obtained along with thebaicine. 
the-be'si an foramina. Certain small orifices open¬ 
ing into the right auricle of the heart; while the 
majority end blindly, some are the orifices of the 
thebesian veins. T. valve, a fold guarding the 
entrance of the coronary veins into the right 
auricle of the heart; the coronary valve. T. 
veins, small veins collecting the blood from the 
muscles of the heart and emptying into the right 
auricle; venae minimae cordis. [ < A. C. Thebesius, 
German anatomist, 1686-1732.] 
the-bo-lac'tic acid. A lactic acid from opium, 
the'ca. Literally, “the place where anything is 
kept”; hence, a case, or sheath. In anatomy, 
the investing membranous covering or sheath of 
the spinal cord, nerves, or tendons. T. cordis*, 
“ sheath of the heart,” the pericardium. T. fol- 
lic'uli, the external vascular envelope of the 
graafian follicle; the tunica vasculosa. T. ver- 
tebra'lis, “ vertebral sheath, ” the membranes 
covering the spinal cord; the spinal dura, fthe'- 
cal, as T. abscess, an abscess in a tendonssheath. 
the-ci'tis. Inflammation of the sheath of a tendon. 
Thecoso'ma haemato'bium. = Schistosoma h.®m- 

ATOBIA. 

the*co-steg-no'sis. Contraction of a tendon sheath. 
Theden’s bandage (te'dfnz). A bandage starting at 
the Angers and applied up the arm, for aneurism. 
[J. C. Theden, German surgeon, 1714-1797.] 
the'ic. An immoderate tea=drinker. 

Theile'ria par'va. = Piroplasma parva. 
the'ine, the'ine. Caffeine (from tea leaves), 
the'ism, the'in-ism. A condition induced by the 
immoderate use of tea, characterized by dyspep¬ 
sia, palpitation, headache, insomnia, etc. 
the-lal'gi u. Pain in the region of the nipple, 
the-las'mtts. The act of suckling. 

Th'*5ia'zia rhode'si. A parasite found in the thorax, 
peritoneum, muscles, and eyes of the horse, ass, 
and mule; Fila'ria equi'na; Gor'dius equi'nus; 
A s'carts pellu'cida. 
the'le. The nipple. [Brj'kT).'] 
the-li'tis. Inflammation of the nippier' 
theTi-um. i. A nipple. 2. A layer of cells, 
the-lon'cus. Tumor of the breast, 
thebo-phleb-o-stem'ma. A circle of veins around the 
nipple. 

fhel-or-rha'gia. Hemorrhage from the nipple, 
thel'o-thism. Erection of the nipple, 
thel'y-blast. The supposed female element of a bi¬ 
sexual cell; feminonucleus. Arsenoblast. 

fthel-y-blas'tic. 

thel-y-go'ni a. i . Generation of females. 2. Nymph¬ 
omania. [< Bfj'kvq female -I- yevvav to produce.] 
fhel-y-ma'ni a. = Satyriasis. 
thel-yph'o-nus. [If I. M. ’06.] 

thel'y-plas-ty. Plastic surgery of the nipple; mam- 
millaplasty. 

the-mat'ic paralogia. A perversion of the mind in 
which it dwells unduly on one subject, 
the'nad. Toward the thenal aspect, 
the'nal. i. Belonging to the palm of the hand. 
2. Toward the palm of the hand. T. aspect, the 
thumb side of the palm of the hand. 


the'nar. i. The radial palm of the hand. ^ Hy- 
pothenar. T. eminence, the eminence on the 
palm of the hand at the root of the thumb. T. 
muscles, the abductor and flexor muscles at the 
root of the thumb. 2. The sole of the foot, 
the'nen. Relating to the thenal aspect alone. 
Theobald Smith’s phenomenon. = Anaphylaxis. 
Theobro'ma. A genus of sterculiaceous trees fur¬ 
nishing cacao, from which theobromic acid and 
THEOBROMINE are obtained. T. Caca'o, a species 
furnishing the larger part of the chocolate of 
commerce. [< deog god + ^pC)pa food.] 
the-o-bro'mic acid. A white, waxy, crystalline sub¬ 
stance, Ce4Hj2802, found in cacao butter and in 
peanut oil. 

the-o-bro'mine. An alkaloid, C^HgOjN^, obtained 
from the seeds of Theobro'ma caca'o, Ko'la acu' 
mina'ta, and also made synthetically; i*7sdimeth' 
ylxanthine; formerly called cocaine, but this name 
has been dropped since the introduction of the 
betteraknown alkaloid from Erythrox'ylon co'ca. 
Theobromine is a bitter, colorless, crystalline 
powder, capable of forming salts with acids, and 
sparingly soluble in hot water. Its effects are 
similar to those of caffeine, but its diuretic power 
is greater. Dose, 0.35 to 0.5 Gm. (5 to 7^ grs.). 
the-o-bro'mose. Theobromine lithium: a diuretic, 
the'o-cin. Synthetic theophyllin: a diuretic. i3- 
Theobromine sodium salicylate. Dose, 0.3 Gm. 

(5 grs.). 

the-o-lac'tin. A mixture of theobromine sodium 
and sodium lactate: diuretic. Dose, i Gm. (15 
grs.), or it may be used as a salt for the table, 
the'o-lin. = Heptane. 

the-o-ma'ni a. Religious mania. tfh®“0-nia'ni ac. 
the-o-ma-tur'gic. Supernatural, 
the-op'a-thy. Cure by prayer, ftbe-o-path'ic. 
the-o-pho'bi a. Insane dread of the power of God. 
the-o-phoTin. Theobromine sodium and sodium 
formate: diuretic. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.), it being 
incompatible with acids. [Tf J.A.M.A.y ’07.] 
the-o-phylTine. A crystalline alkaloid, C7H802N^, 
obtained from tea, and also made synthetically; 
is3sdimethylxanthine: it may cause gastric and 
renal disturbances. See theobromine, with which 
it is isomeric. Dose, 0.2 to 0.35 Gm. (3 to 5 grs.). 
the-o-ple'gi a, the-o-plex'i a. = Apoplexy. ^ 
the'o-psy-cho-ther'a-py. A variety of faith cure, 
the'o-ry. The speculative part of a science; a 
general expression of facts properly observed. 
0-Cohnheim’s t. ; Ehrlich’s lateralschain t. ; 
Metchnikoff’s t. ;and natural selection. T. 
of medicine, the study of the principles of the 
art of healing, as distinguished from the practice 
of medicine, or the practical application of 
principles, tthe-o-ret'i-cal. 
the-o-ther'a-py. The application of prayer to the 
cure of disease. 

therapei'a mag'na steril'isans, the killing of all the 
pathogenic organisms in the body, thus curing a 
given disease quickly and permanently. 

ther-a-pei'a, ther-a-pi'a, ther-a-peu'sis. = Thera¬ 
peutics. 

ther-a-peu'tics. That branch of medicine which 
treats of the application of remedies and the 
curative treatment of diseases; the science and 
art of healing. Alimentary t., treatment of dis¬ 
ease by means of the character of food taken 
into the body; alimentotherapy. Mediate t., 
medication of a nursing infant by administering 
a remedy to the mother. Mental t., the employ¬ 
ment of reasoning in the treatment of diseage. 


THERAPHOSA BLONDIS 


992 


THERMO- 


Suggestive t., = suggestive therapy. Vibra¬ 
tory t., the treatment of disease by vibrations; 
many forms of ingenious apparatus have been 
recently introduced for this purpose, fther- 
a-peu'tic, belonging to therapeutics, as T. fasting, 
T. incompatibility, the condition of opposition in 
therapeutic effect existing between two or more 
medicines; and T. test, diagnosis by ascertaining 
if a specific for a certain disease produces its 
effect in a suspected case, as iodide in suspected 
syphilis, ther-a-peu'ti-cal-ly. ther-a-peu'tist, one 
skilled in therapeutics; therapist. 

Therapho'sa blon'dis. A poisonous spider of tropical 
America, a member of the family Therapho'sides. 
ther-a-pi'a. =Therapeia. ftherap'ic. 
ther'a-pist. = Therapeutist. 

ther'a-pol. A proprietary ozonized vegetable oil: 
used in diphtheria. 

ther'a-py. The treatment of disease; therapeutics; 
often in combination, as in serotherapy. 
Mechanoneural ; vaccine t. 
ther-en-ceph'a-lus. Having an angle of from ii6° 
to 129° between the radius fixus and a line unit¬ 
ing the punctum alae vomeris and the punctum 
nasofrontale. tther-en-ceph'a-lous. 
ther-e-o-bro'ma. Summer dietary, 
ther-e-ol'o-gy. The art of caring for the sick; 
therapeutics. 

ther'e-tine. A poisonous glucoside found in certain 
species of There'tia. 

the'ria. =Radesyge. {<iBripiov wild beast.] 
fthe-ri'a-ca. i. Treacle of the B.P, 2. An anti¬ 
dote to poisons or to the bites of venomous ani¬ 
mals; T. androm'achi, Venice treacle, an electu¬ 
ary theriaca prepared from over 70 different in¬ 
gredients, of which opium is one. 
the-ri-at'ri-ca. The practice of veterinary medicine, 
especially in menageries. 

the'ri-o-ca-tar'rhus. Summer catarrh, or hay fever; 

hay asthma. fthcTi o-ca-tar'rhal. 
the-ri-o'ma. A malignant ulcer or tumor. [ < dijp 
fierce+ -OMA.] tthe-ri-od'ic, malignant. 
the*ri-o-mor'pha. =Theromorphia. 
the'ri-o-ther'a-py. The treatment of animals, 
the-ri-ot'o-my. Dissection of the lower animals; 

zootomy. [< Br/piov beast + Tepveiv to cut.] 
therm. A small calorie, ftherm-, is- thermo-. 
ther‘ma-co-gen'e-sis. The action of a remedy in 
affecting the temperature, 
ther'mae. Warm springs, or warm baths; also 
establishments arranged for the therapeutic use 
of warm medicinal springs. [<C deppai.] 
ther-ma-e-ro-ther'a-py. The treatment of disease 
by applying hot air. 

ther-maes-the'sia. The ability to feel heat; the 
power of recognizing the temperature of bodies. 
ther*maes-the-si-om'e-ter. An apparatus for meas¬ 
uring the sensibility to heat or cold of various 
portions of the body, rs- .'Esthesiometer. 
ther'mal. Pertaining to warmth or heat, or to hot 
springs; also hot or warm. T. ataxia, fluctuation 
of the bodily temperature due to incoordination 
of the thermotaxic apparatus of the body. T. 
capacity, the amount of heat which a body ab¬ 
sorbs in undergoing a rise of temperature from 
0° to 1° C. T. fever, fever caused by hotsbath 
treatment. T. hammer = button cautery of 
Corrigan. T. sense, thermaesthesia. T. spectrum, 
that part of the spectrum which is made up of 
heatsrays, comprising some of the visible rays 
and some of the invisible ultra=red rays. T. 
springs, T. waters, a term applied to hot or warm 


springs when the temperature of the water is 
above the mean temperature of the air. T. stim¬ 
ulus, the application of heat, fther'mal-ly. 
ther-mal-ge'si a. That condition of the body in 
which the application of heat causes severe pain, 
ther-mal'i-ty. Excessive generation of heat, 
ther-man-aes-the'si a. =Thermosan.«sthesia. 
ther-man-al-ge'si a. [H 6^.’05.] 
ther'mo-phore. I. M. ’03.] 

ther-ma-tol'o-gy. The science of heat=therapeutics 
ther^mic. Relating to or caused by heat. T. anaes¬ 
thesia, thermo=anaesthesia. T. fever, sunstroke. 
T. nerve, a nerve, stimulation of which increases 
the heat of the parts that it supplies; calorific 
nerve, T. rays, those rays of vibration in the 
ether which produce sensations of heat. T. sensi¬ 
bility, thermaesthesia. 

ther-mif'u-gin. Sodium carbamate; antipyretic. 

Dose, o.i to 0.2 Gm. (i^ to 3 grs.). 
ther'mine. =Tetrahydrobetanaphthylamine. 
ther'mo-. Connected with, or related to, heat: a 
combining form. [< Seppr) heat.] ther-mo-a-e'- 
ro-phore, a form of apparatus for the local appli¬ 
cation of heated air. — ther-mosaes-the'si a = 
thermesthesia. — ther*mosan-aes-the'sia, loss of 
the heatssense.— ther*mosan-al-ge'sia, insensibil¬ 
ity to heat.— ther'mo-cau-te-rec'to-my, excision 
of a part by heat, as by Paquelin’s cautery ; 
ignisextirpation.— ther *mo-cau-te-ri-za'tion. 
[Tf J. A. M. A. j. ’06.]— ther-mo-cau'te-ry, an 
actual cautery. m- Moxa. — ther’mo-chem'is- 

try, the thermal relations of chemistry, ffher*- 
mo-chem'i-cal.—ther-mo-chro'sis,ther-mo-chro'- 
ism, the property of absorbing certain heat^rays 
and allowing others to pass through, fther-mo- 
chro'ic. — ther'mo-chrose, the quality of radiant 
heat corresponding to the light*quality called 
color: heat*color. ther-mo-cur'rent, a current 

of electricity generated by heat; thermo*elec- 
tricity.— ther*mo-dif-fu'sion, diffusion of gases 
due to unequal heating.— ther'mo-din, a crys 
talline substance, C,3Hi704N; acetylparaseth- 
oxyphenylurethane; phenacetin*urethane: anti¬ 
pyretic, analgesic, and antiseptic. Dose, as a 
gastro*intestinal antiseptic, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.); 
as an analgesic, several times this amount.— 
ther*mose-lec-tric'i-ty, electricity produced by 
heat. as T. pile = thermo¬ 

pile. — ther*mosex-ci'to-ry, stimiflating thermo¬ 
genesis. tth®r‘niosex-ci'tant. — ther'mo-fuge, a 
proprietciry anodyne and antiseptic dressing.— 
ther'mo-gen, an electric cushion for applying 
heat during an operation.— ther-mo-gen'e-sis, the 
production of heat, especially its physiological 
production in the human body, tthefmo-ge- 
net'ic, ther-mo-gen'ic, ther-mog'e-nous, heat* 
producing, as T. centres, centres for the genera¬ 
tion of bodily heat, probably situated in the 
corpus striatum, the optic thalamus, and the 
spinal cord: T. fibres, nervesfibres which trans¬ 
mit heatsproducing impulses to the nerve*cen- 
tres: and T. substance, a tissue concerned in the 
heatsproducing functions of an organism.— ther- 
mo-gen'ics, the production of heat considered 
from its scientific aspect.— ther'mo-gram, the 
tracing or record made by a ther'mo-graph, an 
instrument which registers variations in heat, 
tther-mog'ra-phy. — ther-mo-hae'mi a = insola¬ 
tion. — ther'mo-hy-per - aes-the'si a, excessive 
acuteness of the heat*sense.— ther'mo-hy-per- 
al-ge'si a = hyperthermalgesia. — ther*mo-hy- 
pes-the'si a, morbid insensibility to the effects of 



THERMOMETER 


993 


THERMO- 


heat.— ther-mo-hy-po-aes-the'si a, lack of sensi¬ 
bility to heat.— ther-mosin-hib'i-to-ry, retarding 
or preventing thermogenesis, as T. centres, 
centres for preventing the generation of bodily 
heat: situated probably in the tuber cinereum 
and in the gray matter near the fissure of Syl¬ 
vius.— ther'mol, acetylsalicylphenetidin: antipy¬ 
retic and antiseptic.— ther-mo-la'bile, altered or 
destroyed by heat.— ther-mol'o-gy, the science 
of heat.— ther-mo-lu-mi-nos'i-ty, the quality of 
becoming luminous when heated.— ther-mohy- 
sis. I. Decomposition by heat. 2. Dissipation 
of the bodily heat. tther-mo-l5d'ic. i. Pertain- 
ing to thermolysis, as T. albuminuria — myelo¬ 
pathic ALBUMOSURIA. 2. A medicine promoting 
dissipation of heat. T. centre, a nerve-centre 
presiding over dissipation of heat, supposed to 
be in the tuber cinereum and the medulla.— 
ther-mo-mag'ne-tism, magnetism produced by 
heat.— ther-mo-mas-sage, massage with heat, 
ther-mom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring or 
ascertaining temperature consisting in a substance 
which expands on heating and contracts on cool¬ 
ing, and having a scale on which the variations 
are recorded. The expanding substance may 
be mercury (Mercurial t.), alcohol (Alcohol t. or 
Spirit t.), air or other gas (Gas t.), or metal (Metal¬ 
lic t.). In accurate work, such as calorimetric 
and cryoscopic experiments, the readings are made 
in hundredths of degrees, or even less, and many 
corrections must be made, as for barometric 
pressure, moisture, lay of temperature recorded, 
it being either slightly above or below the real 
temperature, etc. Among the different thermom¬ 
eter scales the following are the more impor¬ 
tant: I. Fahrenheit’s thermometer, the scale of 
which, between the melting point of ice and the 
boiling point of water under a medium pressure 
of the atmosphere, is divided into one hundred 
and eighty parts or degrees, the former point be¬ 
ing marked 32° and the latter point 212°. 2. 

Centigrade (Celsius’s or centesimal) thermometer, 
in the scale of which there are one hundred de¬ 
grees between the melting point of ice and the 
boiling point of water, the former being marked 
0° and the latter 100°. If these are marked 273® 
and 373° instead we have the Absolute scale, 
which is approximately the Thermodynamic scale 
in which the volume of a perfect gas is pro¬ 
portional to its temperature. 3. Reaumur’s 
thermometer: the melting point is marked 
0° and the boiling point 80®. These different 
modes of graduation are easily convertible. The 
centigrade reading is reduced to that of Fahren¬ 
heit by multiplying by nine and dividing by five, 
and adding 32°; that of Reaumur to that of 
Fahrenheit, by multiplying by nine and dividing 
by four, and adding 32°; that of Fahrenheit to 
either of these, by reversing the process. Thus, 
37° C. X 9 = 3331 S = 66.6; 32 = 98.6° F. 

In formulae: C = S(F-32)/g = sR/4 

F = 9C/5 + 32 = 9R/4 + 32 
R = 4C/5 = 4(F-3 2)/9 

or, to convert C into F, multiply by 2, deduct 
one-tenth, and add 32. Clinical t., a small max¬ 
imum self-registering thermometer for taking 
the temperature of the body: it is usually grad¬ 
uated to one-fifth of a degree. Differential t., a 
thermometer for measuring very small degrees 
of temperature, as in cryoscopy; thermoscope. 
Halfsminute t., a very sensitive, fine*bore clin¬ 
ical thermometer. Maximum t., one register¬ 

63 


ing the maximum temperature obtained. Minl^ 
mum t., one registering the minimum tempera¬ 
ture reached. Recording t., one which makes a 
graphic record of temperature variations during 
a given time. Selfsregistering t., one in which 
the highest or the lowest temperature, or both, 
are automatically registered. Surface t., a clin¬ 
ical thermometer for taking skin temperature. 


Table of Thermometric Equivalents. 


c.® 

F.® 

C.® 

F.® 

34 

93-2 

39.4444 

103 

34.4444 

94 

40 

104 

35 

95 

40.5556 

105 

35.5556 

96 

41 

105.8 

36 

96.8 

41.1111 

106 

36.1111 

97 

4 1.6667 

107 

36.6667 

98 

42 

107.6 

37 

98.6 

42.2222 

108 

37.2222 

99 

42.7778 

109 

37.7778 

100 

43 

109.4 

38 

100.4 

43.3333 

no 

38.3333 

lOI 

43.8889 

III 

38.8889 

39 

102 

102.2 

44 

III.2 


ther'mo- (coni.). — ther-mo-met'ric, relating 01 
pertaining to a thermometer.— ther-mom'e-try, 
the art of measuring temperatures, especially in 
its relations between the healthy and diseased 
organism. — ther'mon, the vital principle. — 
ther'mo-man-aes-the'si a = thermo-anesthesia. 
ther-mo-mul'ti-plier = thermopile. — ther’mo- 
neu-ro'sis, elevation of temperature of vasomotor 
origin.— ther-mon'o-sus, disease caused by heat. 

— ther-mo-pal-pa'tion, palpation of the body to 
determine its temperature.— ther-moph'a-gy, the 
eating of hot food.— ther-mo-phen'go-scope, an 
apparatus for determining the loss of heat by the 
skin.— ther'mo-phere, a receptacle, as the T. cap, 
and brow bandage, holding chemicals which absorb 
heat on melting and give it off again on recrystal¬ 
lizing.— ther-mo-phil'ic, liking heat, as T. bacteria, 
^bacterium. — ther-mo-pho'bia, fear of heat; 
especially, aversion to warm clothing. [T[ Lt. ’08.] 
— ther-mo-phyl'ic, not acted upon by certain de¬ 
grees of heat, as some bacteria.— ther'mo-pile, 
a thermo-electric battery composed of a pile or 
series of metal bars soldered together. When 
this is exposed to heat, an electric current is 
generated, which acts upon a galvanometer, 
the needle of which registers the amount of heat 
radiated; thermomultiplier.— ther-mo-ple'gia, pa¬ 
ralysis due to excessive heat, Insolation. 

— ther'mo-pol-yp-nce'a, rapid respiration due to 
elevated temperature. f ther-mo-pol-yp-noe'ic, 
as T. centre, the nerve-centre which produces 
panting on the application of heat.— ther-mo- 
po'si a, the drinking of excessively hot drinks.— 
ther-mo-reg'u-la-tor = thermostat. — ther'mos 
flask, an encased vacuum*jacketed flask, which 
will keep heated liquids hot or iced fluids cold 
for many hours.— ther'mo-scope, a differential 
thermometer, f-sco-py,-scop'ic.— ther-mo-sta'- 
ble, not altered or destroyed by heat. T. body = 
AMBOCEPTOR. — ther'mo-stat, an instrument for 
automatically regulating temperature; thermo¬ 
regulator. fther-mo-sta'tic, as T. box, an incu¬ 
bator for premature children.— thermo-ste-re'- 
sis, the deprivation of heat.— ther*mo-sys-taFtism, 














THEROID 


994 THIELMANN’S DIARRHCEA MIXTURE 


muscular contractility due to changes of temper¬ 
ature. t ther*mo-sys-tartic. — ther-mo-tac'tic = 
ther-mo-tax'ic, relating to thermotaxis; regu¬ 
lating the bodily temperature, as T. centres, cere¬ 
bral nerve*centres for the maintenance of the 
balance between the production and the dissi¬ 
pation of heat.— ther-mo-tax'is, regulation of 
the bodily temperature.— ther-mo-ther'a-py, the 
use of heat in the treatment of disease. — ther- 
mot'ics, the science of heat.— ther'mo-to-nom'- 
e-ter, an instrument for measuring the amount 
of muscular contraction caused by heat.— ther- 
mo-tox'in, a toxic substance formed in the body 
from cells injured or destroyed by excessive heat. 
— ther*mo-tra-che-ot'o-my, tracheotomy per¬ 
formed with the actual cautery.— ther-mot'ro- 
pism, the movement of bacteria in the culture 
medium toward a warmer point.— ther‘mo-vi- 
bras-sage. J. A. M. A. ij. ’o6.] 
the'roid. Bestial. [< a wild beast.] 

the-ro-mor'phi a. Abnormity of structure of parts 
of the human body resembling some normal 
structure of lower animals. [ < Srjp wild animal 
+ pop(p// form.] fthe'ro-morph, a monster having 
resemblance to an animal, the-ro-mor'phism. 
the-si-op-noe'a. Marshall Hall’s method of resusci¬ 
tation in asphyxia. It consists in placing the 
person flat on the face with gentle intermittent 
pressure being made on the back, then turning 
the body on the side and on the face rhyth¬ 
mically. [< deaig position - 4 - ttveIv to breathe.] 
the' sis. A proposition, affirmative or negative, 

which is advanced or laid down to be supported 
by argument; also an essay composed by a can¬ 
didate for graduation in medicine or some other 
branch of learning or science. [< deni^ position.] 
the'so-cyte. A reserve cell found in certain sponges, 
the-tis'mus. Lisping. [< dijra the Gr. letter th.] 
the'ur-gy. Cure of disease by divine intervention, 
thev-e-re'sin, thev'e-sin. A poisonous dissociation 
product, + sHjO, from thevetine by the 

action of sulphuric acid and heat. 

Theve'tia. A genus of apocynaceous shrubs and 
trees, some of which, as T. neriifo'lia and T. 
yccot'li, contain the glucoside, the've-tine. 

Ihew. Sinew; muscle, fthewed, having strength, 
thew'less, weak; nerveless, thew'y, brawny; mus¬ 
cular. 

thi-, thi'o-. Containing sulphur; a combining form. 
[< delov sulphur.] thi'al, hexamethylenamine 
oxymethylsulphonate; antiseptic and disinfect¬ 
ant.— thi-al'a-nine, sulphuretted lanolin.— thi- 
al'dine, a crystalline substance, CgHjjNSo, acting 
as a heart stimulant in small doses, and in toxic 
doses as a general paralyzing agent, arresting the 
heart in diastole.— thi'a-lol, a colorless, oily 
compound, with an odor of garlic, 

formed by distilling oxalic ether with potassium 
disulphide ; diethyl disulphide.— thi'a-zole, a col¬ 
orless, volatile liquid, C3H3NS, resembling pyri¬ 
dine. — thi'la-nin = thialanin. — thi'ge-nol, a 
proprietary preparation of organic sulphur com¬ 
pounds. — thi-osac'e-tal = mercaptal. — thi-o- 
ac-et-al'de-hyde, thi-o-al'de-hyde = sulphalde- 
HYDE. — thi-osac'id = sulphacid. — thi-o-al'co- 
hol = MERCAPTAN. — thi-o-al-lyl'ic ether = allyl 
SULPHIDE. — thi'o-camp, a proprietary disinfect¬ 
ant prepared from sulphur dioxide, camphor, 
and other bactericidal substances.— thi-o-car'- 
ba-mide, crystalline substance having a bitter 
taste, CSfNHgja: used in photography as a fixing 
agent and for the purpose of removing stains 


from negatives.— thi-o-chro'mo-gen = primuli-n 
YELLOW. — thi'o-dine, a compound of thiosinam- 
INE and ethyl iodide: diuretic. Dose, o.i Gm. 
(i^ grs.).— thi'o-col, potassium guaiacolsulphon- 
ate, C7H7O5KS, the potassium salt of orthoguaiacol 
sulphonic acid: said to improve nutrition, dimin¬ 
ish nightssweats, and relieve expectoration in 
tuberculosis, pertussis, etc. Dose, 0.3 to 1.3 
Gm. (5 to 20 grs.).— thi*o-cy-an'ic acid=suL- 
PHOCYANic ACID, fthi-o-cy'a-nate.— thi-o=e'ther 
= SULPHUR ETHER. — thi'o-form, basic bismuth 
dithiosalicylate: antiseptic.— thi-o-gen'ic, capa¬ 
ble, as certain bacteria, of converting sulphuretted 
hydrogen into higher sulphur compounds.— thi'ol. 
I. A substance produced by treating brown par¬ 
affin or coabtar oil with sulphur, and occurring in 
two forms, a solid and an aqueous liquid: used 
in the treatment of skin diseases. 2. A sulphur 
alcohol, a, compound in which the oxygen of the 
alcohol group is replaced by sulphur, thus ethane- 
thiol is CH3.CH.2SH. [thi- -f -ol.] — thi'o-lin, 
thi-o-lin'ic acid, a dark=green substance, with 
the odor of mustard, whose sodium salts are 
used like thiol and ichthyol; sulphonated, sul¬ 
phurated, or sulphuretted linseed oil.— thi-on'ic, 
pertaining to sulphur, as T. acids, various forms 
of sulphurssubstituted sulphuric acid. — thi'o- 
nine, a darksgreen dye, CJ2H9N3S, forming salts 
as the hydrochlorate; Lauth’s violet: an impor¬ 
tant histological stain for nuclei, mast cells, 
mucus, etc.— thi'o-nyl, the radical SO.— thi'o- 
phene, an oily liquid, C4H4S, derived from ben¬ 
zene: its iodide is used as a substitute for iodo¬ 
form ; some other of its compounds are also used 
therapeutically. T. diiodide, crystalline substance, 
C4H2I2S, an antiseptic derivative of thiophene. 
T. iodide, iodothiophene, an antiseptic substituted 
for iodoform. T. sodium sulphonate, a white 
powder, C4H3S.NaS03, used for prurigo. T. tetra- 
bromide, C4Br4S.— thi-o-phe'nol = phenyl mer¬ 
captan. — thi'o-phil, liking sulphur, as certain 
organisms.— thi-oph'thene, an oily compound, 
CgH4S2, formed by heating citric acid with phos¬ 
phorus pentasulphide. — thi-o-pi'nol. Thera- 
peutische Neuheiten. ’06.] — thi-o-py'rine, antipy- 
rine with sulphur substituted for its oxygen. 

Lt. ’08.]— thi-o-py'ro-nin. [1 L. ij. ’06.] — thi o- 
re-sor'cin, a gray powder, C6H4(SH2)2; phenyl bi- 
sulphydrate: used in scabies and eczema, and as 
a substitute for iodoform, in powder or as an oint¬ 
ment made by incorporating 5 to 15% in lard.— 
thi-o-sin-am'ine, a condensation product of allyl 
thiocyanate and ammonia, CS(NH2).NHC3H3, 
appearing in colorless crystals having a faint 
garlicslike odor and a bitter taste; allyl sulpho- 
carbamide; allyl sulphosurea; allyl thio*urea: 
rhodalline: used in quickening the absorption o' 
scar tissue, as in lupus, of exudates, etc. Dose, 
0.05 to O.I Gm. (i to i^ grs.): hypodermically in 
10% glycerinated water.— thi’o-sul-phu'ric acid, 
an acid, H2S2O3, forming salts called thi-o-sul'- 
phates; hyposulphurous acid. Thi'othrix, a genus 
of bacteria containing sulphur.— thi*osu-re'a, a 
urea derivative, CS(NH2)2; sulphocarbamide.— 
thi-ox*y-di-phe-nyl-am'ine = sulphaminol. 
thick wind. Rough, obstructed breathing in horses, 
thick-lis'ted. Fat and short of breath; pursy. 
Thielmann’s diarrhoea mixture or drops (til'manz). 
A mixture of i fl. oz. of wine of opium, fl. ozs. 
of tincture of valerian. \ fl. oz. of ether, do mins, 
of oil of peppermint, 15 mins, of fluidextract of 
ipecac, and enough alcohol to make 4 fl. ozs. 


995 


THOMAS’S BALSAM 


THIERSCH’S CARMINE OXALATE 

Thiersch’s carmine oxalate (tir'shtz), A stain made 
from carmine, ammonia, oxalic acid, alcohol, 
and water. T.’s method, a form of skin-grafting 
in which the wound is first scraped free from 
granulations and then broad grafts of skin ap¬ 
plied. T.’s operation, i. An operation for epis¬ 
padias, done by forming a urethra and meatus by 
a combination of flaps. 2. Rhinoplasty in which 
two lateral flaps from the cheeks, with their raw 
sides out, are made to meet in the middle line, 
the whole being covered by a flap from the fore¬ 
head. 3. Uveoplasty done by removing the alve¬ 
olar process by a chisel and closing the hole in the 
hard palate by a flap taken from the whole thick¬ 
ness of the cheek. T.’s salicylic mixture. [ R. 
’05.] T.’s solution, an aqueous antiseptic solu¬ 
tion of boric acid, 1.2%; and salicylic acid, 0.2 %. 

thieves’ vinegar. =Acetum aromaticum. 

thigh. The portion of the leg above the knee: it is 
developed from the leg buds. T.sbone = femur*. 
i®" Os FEMORis. T.sfriction, a variety of mastur¬ 
bation. T.sjoint = HIP-JOINT. 

Thillaye’s bandage (ti-lez). A complex arrange¬ 
ment of bandages for approximating the lips of 
the wound in the operation for harelip. 

thin. Slender; meagre; lean; slim; weak. T. cord, 
T. rope, or T. string = funiculus*, tt^n'ness. 

thi'o-. i^Thi-. 

third bloodscorpuscles. = Blood-platelets. T. 
cuneiform bone, os cuneiforme tertium*. T. eye 
= pineal body. T. eyelid nictitating mem¬ 
brane. Third heartssound, a diastolic heart- 
sound, sometimes humming, in other cases dull 
and short, heard just after the second sound at 
the beginning of ventricular diastole in many 
normal individuals, especially before the age of 
30: probably due to the sudden opening or ten¬ 
sion of the mitral valve by the blood-current. 
T. intention, healing. T. metacarpal bone, 
os metacarpale III* of metacarpus. T. occipital 
nerve, the medial branch of the posterior, pri¬ 
mary division of the third cervical nerve. T. 
pair (of nerves), the motor oculi nerves, c®- 
Cranial nerves. T. perforating artery, a branch 
of the femoral artery; arteria perforans tertia*. T. 
peroneal muscle, a muscle of the lower extrem¬ 
ity; musculus peronaeus tertius*. T. phalanx, 
phalanx tertia* of Angers and toes. T. prepa¬ 
ration, a thomsonian pi'eparation, made by 
macerating i oz. each of lobelia seed and cap¬ 
sicum and 10 grs. of cypripedium powder in 12 fl. 
ozs. of tincture of capsicum and myrrh. T. 
sphincter = Kohlrausch’s fold. T. stage, that 
stage of labor which is occupied by the expul¬ 
sion of the placenta and the fetal membranes; 
placental stage. T. tonsil = Luschka’s tonsil. 
T. trochanter, the gluteal ridge on the femur 
when very prominent; trochanter terttus*. T. 
ventricle, that space of the interbrain between 
the mesial surface and the optic thalami, limited 
by the velum interpositum above, and having its 
floor formed by the posterior perforated space, 
corpora albicantia, infundibulum, tuber cine- 
reum, and part of the lamina cinerea, diacoelia, 
ventriculus tertius*. It communicates with the 
lateral and fourth ventricles. 

thirst. A sensation attended with a desire to 
drink, having its seat chiefly in the mouth 
and fauces, but also felt in the pharynx, 
oesophagus, and, in extreme cases, the stomach, 
ry Hunger. Thirst is increased in fever, diabetes, 
etc. The term is often used in the sense of a de¬ 


sire for alcoholic liquids, or an eager desire for 
anything. When it is morbid, it is usually 
termed dipsosis; when excessive, polydipsia. 
T.scure, ^ Schroth’s method, fthirst'y. 
thirteenth cranial nerve. = Chorda tympani*. 
Thiry’s fistula (thir'fz). 

An experimental fistula 
communicating between 
the surface of the body 
and a separated portion 
of the intestine; Thiry- 
Vella’s fistula, 
thi-u-ret'. A crystalline 
antiseptic, CgH^NgSg. 

Thlap' si. A genus of cru¬ 
ciferous plants with me¬ 
dicinal properties like 
those of mustard. 

Thlap'sis depres'sio. A de¬ 
pressed or “ crushed ” 
mental feeling. [< d?iav 
to bruise. TJ Gn. ’09.] 
thlip-sen-ceph'a-lus. A 
monster with the skull 
open, or with the upper 
part of it lacking, due to 
pressure during fetal life, 
thlip'sis. External com¬ 
pression of vessels. 

Tho'ma’s fluid. A decalci- Blood-counter. 
fying fluid for histolog¬ 
ical work, consisting of 
ninety-five per cent, al¬ 
cohol and pure nitric 
acid in the proportion of 
I Cc. of the latter to 25 



Cc. of the former. T.’s 


To the 
right is the ordinary form 
of pipette for red celLs; 
the other is a leucocyte 
pipette with improved 
markings and point, D. 
The ruled counting 
chamber is shown on 
edge and face view. A. 
The slide. B. The ring. 
C. The “ditch.” D. The 
ruled table. E. The 
cover-glass. (Emerson.) 


counting cell, a recep¬ 
tacle of glass fastened 
to a microscopical slide 

and having the bottom marked with microscopic 
squares: used for counting blood-corpuscles. ts~ 
H.emocytometer; Turck; Zappert. 



Thoma’s Ruled Slide for Blood-Counting. (X21.) 


Thom'as’s balsam. = Balsam of tolu. T. eyes 
water, a mixture of 20 grs. of zinc sulphate, 20 
grs. of sodium chloride, and i fl. oz. of rose water. 












































































THOMPSON’S DIARRHOEA PILLS 


996 


THORACIC 


T.’s kneessplint, a splint so arranged that the 
pressure of the weight of the body is transferred 
from the knee*joint to the ischium and perineum. 
T.’s nippleswash, a preparation made by tritu¬ 
rating together i oz. of alum and i fi. oz. of tinc¬ 
ture of galls. T.’s operation, i. Removal of the 
foetus through incisions in the abdominal wall 
and vagina, without opening the uterus or the 
peritoneum. 2. Removal of the uterus by coeliot- 
omy, with the use of the clamp and galvano- 
cautery for the stump. T.’s posterior splint, a 
splint used in hipsjoint disease. T.’s reduction, 
approximation of fragments of the fractured in¬ 
ferior maxilla by passing a wire through them 
and twisting the two ends of it until the frag¬ 
ments are brought together. T.’s tonic laxative, 
laxative pills made of 24 grs. of powdered aloes, 
24 grs. of dried ferrous sulphate, 6 grs. of alcoholic 
extract of hyoscyamus, 6 grs. of extract of nux 
vomica, and 4 grs. of oleoresin of capsicum. This 
is divided into twenty*four pills. 

Thomp'son’s diarrhoea pills. Pills made of 16 grs. 
of lead acetate, 12 grs. of powdered camphor, 
3 grs. of powdered opium, 12 grs. of bismuth 
subcarbonate, and extract of gentian. Make 
twelve pills. T.’s line, a reddish line along the 
margin of the gums, sometimes seen in pul¬ 
monary tuberculosis. T.’s solution = liquor 
PHOSPHOR i. T.’s sounds, graduated sounds for 
dilating strictures. T.’s test. A clinical test 
which determines with a fair degree of certainty 
the situation of gonorrhoeal inflammation: the 
patient urinates as near equally as possible into 
two vessels, and if the shreds containing the 
gonococci are found only in the first receptacle, 
the inflammation is probably limited to the 
anterior urethra, while if they be present in the 
last receptacle, the lesions will usually be found 
to be deep seated. 

Thom'sen’s disease. = Myotonia congenita. 
Thomsonianism (tom-s6'ni-an-izm). A fanciful or 
empirical system of medicine introduced by 
Thomson, a native of New Hampshire. Thomson 
and his immediate followers rejected all mineral 
medicines: they had frequent recourse to power¬ 
ful emetics (usually of lobelia), to profuse sweats 
from vaporsbaths, and to powerfully stimulating 
compounds, in which capsicum was an abundant 
ingredient, Steam doctor. 

Thomson’s salve (tom'sonz). A mixture of 2 ozs. of 
yellow wax, 2 ozs. of fresh butter, 4 ozs. of turpen- 
- tine, and 2 ozs. of balsam of fir. T.’s theory, a 
theory that the toxic principle in uraemia is a 
substance similar in its action to adrenalin and 
that aconite is its therapeutic opposite, 
tho-rac-ab-dom'i-nal. = T horacicosAbdominal. 

thoTac-al. =■ Thoracic. 
tho-rac-al'gi a. Pain in the thorax, 
tho-ra-ca-or'ta. The thoracic aorta. ^ Aorta*. 
tho-ra-cec'to-my. Opening into the thorax. 
thoTa-cen-te'sis. = Thoracocentesis. 
thoracic (tho-rasTc). Belonging to the thorax*. 
T. aorta, aorta. Alar t. artery, a small branch 
from the second part of the axillary artery, sup¬ 
plying the glandular and areolar tissue of the 
axilla. External t. artery. Inferior t. artery, the 
external mammary artery. Internal t. artery, the 
internal mammary artery. T. axis, the frequent 
common arterial trunk, from which the acromio¬ 
thoracic and superior thoracic arise. T. cage, the 
skeleton of the thorax, made up of the sternum, 
the ribs, and the thoracic vertebrae. T. cavity, 



Thoracic Duct.— Shaded part 
of figure shows area drained 
by right lymphatic duct ; 
lymphatics of remaining ter¬ 
ritory received by thoracic 
duct. 


the space within the thorax and above the dia¬ 
phragm ; cavum thoracis*. T. choke, the presence 
of a foreign substance in the thoracic part of the 
oesophagus of a horse. T. duct, the principal 
trunk of the absorbent vessels lying upon the 
dorsal vertebrae and arising in the foetus from the 
left lymph heart, being at first bifurcated, but 
later fusing to form a single duct; ductus thoraci- 
cus*. It commences at the receptaculum chyli. 
which is formed by the junction of several large 
lymphatic trunks, and its contents are discharged 
into the left subclavian vein where at its termina¬ 
tion there are two valves, which prevent the 
blood from flow¬ 
ing from the vein 
into the duct. T. 
ganglia, the gang¬ 
lia of the sympa¬ 
thetic nerve in the 
thoracic region. 

T. girdle ^PEC¬ 
TORAL ARCH. T.. 
glands, lymphatic 
glands on the ex¬ 
ternal thoracic 
wall. T. grooving, 
the depressions 
along the sternum 
seen in pigeons 
breasted children. 

T. index, ^ T. 

RATIO. T.inlet, the 
elliptical aperture 
which is found at 
the top of the tho¬ 
rax. T. limbs, the 
arms: so called because they are attached to the 
thorax. T. nerves = dorsal nerves. Anterior 
t. nerve, a nerve consisting of two branches, an 
external and an internal, arising from the outer 
and inner cords of the brachial plexus and dis¬ 
tributed to the pectoral muscles. Posterior t. 
nerve, a branch from the upper two or three 
nerves of the brachial plexus, running to the 
side of the chest and there distributed to the 
serratus magnus; long thoracic; external respi¬ 
ratory nerve of Bell. Lower t. opening, apertura 
thoracis inferior*. Upper t. opening, apertura 
thoracis superior*.* T. parietes, the walls of the 
chest, especially of the front and sides. T. aortic 
plexus, a portion of the sympathetic system 
situated in the thorax. T. part or portion, that 
part of a structure lying in or along the thorax, 
as of the oesophagus or spinal cord. T. ratio, 
the ratio between the anteroposterior and trans¬ 
verse diameters of the thorax. T. region, the 
external surface of the thorax. The front sur¬ 
face is divided into nine regions, two infra- 
clavicular, two mammary, two inframammary, 
two shoulder, and one sternal; the back surface 
into eight, two shoulder, two scapular, two 
infrascapular, one interscapular, and one nuchal. 
T. region of the spine, that portion of the spine 
which is made up of thoracic vertebrae. T. 
respiration = COSTAL respiration. External t. 
vein = MAMMARY vein, external. Long t. vein, 
a branch of the axillary vein returning the blood 
of the external mammary artery. Superior t. 
vein, a l^ranch of the axillary vein accompany¬ 
ing the artery of the same name. T. vertebrae 
= DORSAL vertebra. T. viscera, the viscera 
contained in the thoracic cavity. They comprise 


THORACICO- 


THORTER ILL 


997 


the heart, the lungs, the thymus, the bronchial 
glands, and parts of the oesophagus, the trachea, 
and the thoracic duct, together with the thoracic 
aorta, the caval veins, and other large vessels. 

tho-rac'i-co-. Pertaining to the thorax; a combin- 
ing form. Thoraco-. [< L. ihora'cicus .]— 
tho-rac'i-co=ab-dom'i-nal, as T. region, the part 
of the thoracic wall corresponding to the concav¬ 
ity of the diaphragm.— tho-rac*i-cosa-cro'mi al, 
pertaining to the thorax and the acromion, ftho- 
rac‘i~co=a-cro-mi-a'lis, an artery given oft' from 
the axillary above the pectoralis minor, and itself 
dividing into acromial, humeral, pectoral, and 
clavicular branches; acromiothoracic; thoracic 
axis.— tho-rac’i-co-hu'me-ral, pertaining to the 
thorax and the humerus.— tho-rac*i-co-lum'bar, 
relating to the chest and the loins. 

tho-rac-i-spi'nal. Pertaining to the thoracic por¬ 
tion of the spinal column or cord. 

thoraco- (tho-rac'o). Pertaining to the thorax or 
chest: a combining form, Thoracico-. [ < 
Oupa^ chest.] tho-rac'osa-cro'mi al = thoracico* 
ACROMIAL. — tho-rac‘0=a-del'phus = thoradel- 
?HUs. — tho-rac"o-bron-chot'o-my. [^y. A. M. A. 
j. ’07.] tho-rac*o-ce-los'chi-sis, congenital fissure 
of the chest and abdomen.— tho-rac*o-cen-te'- 
sis, a piercing of the thorax, as in the operation 
for empyema; thoracentesis, Paracentesis. 

— tho-rac'o-cyl-lo'sis, deformity of the chest.— 
tho-rac'o-cy-mech'os, a succussion sound heard in 
the chest.— tho-rac’o-cyr-to'sis, abnormal curva¬ 
ture of the thorax, or abnormal prominence of 
the chest. [< Kvprog curved.]— tho-rac’o-del'- 
phus = THORADELPHUS. — tho'ra-co-did'y-mus, a 
double monster joined at the chest.— tho-rac-o- 
dor'sal, as T. artery, a branch of the subscapular, 
and T. nerve = \or\g subscapular nerve. — tho- 
ra-cod'y-ne, tho-rac-o-dyn'i a, pain in the chest, 

— tho-rac*o-gas-tro-did'y-mus, a double mon¬ 
strosity united by the thorax and the abdomen.— 
tho-rac*o-gas-tros'chi-sis, fissure of the thorax 
and abdomen; thoracoceloschisis.— tho-ra-com'- 
e-ter = stethometer. — tho-ra-com'e-try, meas¬ 
urement of the thorax relative to circumference 
and diameter, rar Cyrtometer. — tho-rac'o-my- 
o-dyn'i a, pain in the muscles of the chest.— 
tho-ra-cop'a-gus, a twin monster with fused 
chests, usually in the region of the ensiform 
process; synthorax: the Siamese twins were of 
this order. &- Monster. T. parasit'icus, a variety 
in which one individual is rudimentary. T. 
tribra'chius,a variety with two of the arms fused. 
T. tri'pus, a variety with two of the legs fused.— 
tho-rac'o-pa-thi'a, an affection or disease of the 
chest.— tho-rac'o-plas-ty, plastic operation upon 
the thorax.— tho-rac-o-pneu'mo-plas-ty, plastic 
operation involving the lung and the thorax.— 
tho-ra-cos'chi-sis, fissure of the chest.— tho-rac'- 
o-scope, a stethoscope.— tho-ra-cos'co-py, exam¬ 
ination of the chest by any means.— tho-rac*o- 
ste-no'sis, coarctation or contraction of the chest. 

— tho-ra-cos'to-my, opening the thorax, as for 
empyema.— tho-ra-cot^o-my, incision into the 
walls of the chest.— tho-ra-cot'ro-mus, fremitus 
over the chest^walls. 

tho-ra-cys'tis. i. Encysted dropsy of the thorax. 
2. Hydatids in the chest. 

tho-ra-del'phus. A double monster with single 
head and thorax united above the umbilicus. 

tho'rax. That part of the body which is between 
the neck and the diaphragm, and in the cavity 
of which are contained the lungs, heart, oesopha¬ 


gus, etc., chest, Thoracic; thoracico-: tho¬ 
raco-. The thorax at times assumes strange 
shapes, as in kyphosis. ^ Chickensbreast. 



Front View of the Bones of the Thorax.— i. Manu¬ 
brium. 2. Gladiolus. 3. Ensiform process. 4, s. 
Thoracic vertebras. 6. First rib. , 7. Its head. 8. 
Its neck. 9. Tubercle. 10. Seventh rib. ii. Costal 
cartilages. 12. Floating ribs. 13. Groove for the inter¬ 
costal blood-vessels. (Leidy.) 

tho'ri um, tho-ri'num. A radiosactive metal which 
combined with oxygen forms tho'ria; at. wt., 
230.8; symb.,Th; sp. gr., ii.i: antiseptic, anti- 
fermentative, and used in making incandescent 
mantles. T. paste, a proprietary paste composed 
of chorium, protoxide and sulphate of lead, sul¬ 
phuric acid, and hydrochloric acid: used in the 
treatment of epithelioma. M. R. j. Ti.] 
Thormahlen’s test (tor-mal'enz). A test for mela¬ 
nin, made by treating with a solution of sodium 
nitroprusside, a solution of potassium hydrate, 
and acetic acid. 

thorn. I. A popular name of several species of 
Cratcegus. The hawthorn is Cratce'gus oxyacan'- 
tha. The blacksthom is Pru'nus spino'sa. T.s 
apple = Datura stramonium. T.sapple spher¬ 
ules, masses of urate of ammonium in the form 
of globules, covered with thomslike projections: 
seen in the urine^ T.spoppy = Argemone Mexi¬ 
can a. Purging t., Rhineberfy t. = Rhamnus 
cathartica. fthornshead'ed, as T. worm, acan- 
thocephalic parasites inhabiting the intestines, 
as the Echinorhyn'cus. 2. = Spina*. 

Thorncliffe disinfectant (thdm'chf). = Izal. 
Thorn'ton’s sign. Lumbar pain in renal calculus. 
Thornwaldt’s disease, angina, or bursitis (torn'- 
valts). Inflammation of Luschka’s tonsil, with 
formation of pus and obstruction of the pharynx 
by the swelling; thorn-wald-ti'tis. 
thorny pelvis. = Acanthopelyx. 
thorough joint. An arthrodia or a diarthrosis. T. 
pin, dropsy affecting the sheath of the flexor per- 
forans muscle of the horse, which is connected 
with the hock. 

thor'oughswort. — Eupatorium. 
thoriter ill. A disease of sheep causing them to 
jump up in walking, and due to the presence of 
Caenu'rus cerebra'lis in the spinal cord; leaping 
ill; louping ill. 




THOUGHT-READING 


998 


THRUSH 


thought-reading, thought transference. Perception 
of the thoughts and emotions as by involuntary 
movements, Telepathy. 

Thou-let’s solution. A solution of potassium iodide 
and mercuric iodide for separating minerals, 
thread, Filament. T.-like = filiform. T.-worm 
= OxYURis. tthread'y pulse — FILIFORM pulse. 
three-cleft. —Trifid. T.-cornered bone = cunei¬ 
form BONE OF the wrist. T.-day fever == 
DENGUE. T.sglass test, fs- irrigation test. T.s 
leaved nightshade = Trillium. T.-lobed = tri¬ 
lobate. T.sseeded mercury = Acalypha vir- 
GINICA. 

threm-ma-tol'o-gy. The study of breeding, de¬ 
scent, and heredity. [< dptfifia nursling.] 
threp'sis. Nutrition. [< tfhrep-sol'o-gy. 

thresh'old. i. The lower limit of the perceptibility 
of a stimulus; that intensity of stimulus which 
just produces a sensation: the Schwelle of the 
Germans; absolute or stimulus threshold. Audi¬ 
tory t., the point below which a sound is audible. 
Differential t., the ratio which the difference of 
two stimuli must bear to half their sum in order 
that their difference may be just perceptible. 
Double=point t., the smallest distance apart at 
which two stimuli of touch are felt as distinct. 
T. percussion, faint percussion at the limit of 
audibility. Relational t., the ratio which two 
stimuli must have in order that the difference 
between them^may be just perceptible. 2. En¬ 
trance: Hmen*, as T. of nose, the limen nasi*. 
Thresh’s reagent. A reagent of bismuth citrate, 
ammonia, and potassium iodide: precipitates al¬ 
bumin and alkaloids in acidulated solution, 
thrid'ace. A substance obtained from lettuce, sup¬ 
posed to be identical with lactucarium; French 
lactucarium. [< L. thri'dax, fr. (ip'ida^ lettuce.] 
thrill. A tremor observed in auscultation or palpa¬ 
tion; FREMITUS. cF-A neurysmal t. ; aortic t.; 

PRESYSTOLIC T. 

thrix. Hair, c®- Streptothrix. 
throat. I. An entrance or narrow part of anything. 
2. The common name of the pharynx. 3. The 
anterior part of the neck; jugulum. 4. The 
larynx. 5. = Fauces. Almond of the t. = 

POMUM .\DAMi. T.-cough, a cough dependent 
upon irritation of the pharynx. T.-deafness, 
deafness resulting from inflammation of the eus- 
tachian tubes or from enlargement of the tonsils. 
T. mirror = laryngoscopic mirror. Sore t., &• 
PHARYNGITIS, LARYNGITIS, TONSILLITIS. Clergy¬ 
man’s sore t., a condition in which the mucous 
membrane of the throat becomes relaxed from 
improper or too prolonged use of the voice. 
T.ssweetbread, the thymus gland of the calf, 
fthroat'y, having a peculiar guttural sound; said 
of voicessounds. 

throat'wort. = Campanula trachelium. 
throb. A violent beating; a strong pulsation, as 
of the arteries, fthrob'bing, as a T. pain: and T. 
aorta, one transmitting an epigastric pulsation, 
throe. Agony; anguish; a severe pain, 
throm-bal-lo'sis. The altered state of the venous 
blood caused by coagulation, 
throm'base. The enzyme which causes the coagu¬ 
lation of the blood. 

throm-bec'to-my. Excision of a thrombus, 
throm'bi. Plural of thrombus. 
throm'bin. = Fibrinsferment. 
throm’bo=ar-te-ri'tis. Thrombosis with arteritis. 
Ihrom'bo-cyst, throm-bo-cys'tis. A membranous 
sac sometimes surrounding a blood-clot. 


throm'bo-cyte. = Blood-platelet. 
throm'bo-gen. = Prothrombin. 
throm-bo-gen'ic. Causing thrombi or coagulation, 
as T. enzyme. 

throm'boid. Resembling a thrombus. 
throm-bo-ki-nase'. The enzyme formed in shed 
blood which unites with prothrombin with the 
aid of calcium salts to form fibrin-ferment. 
Blood-platelets. 

throm‘bo-lym-phan-gi'tis. Inflammation and ob¬ 
struction of a lymphatic. 

throm'bo-phle-bi'tis. Thrombosis with inflamma¬ 
tion of a vein. T. purulenta, purulent softening 
of a venous thrombus with pustular infiltration 
of the wall of the vein, as in a cranial sinus, 
throm'bosed. Affected with thrombosis, 
throm-bo'sin. In Lilienfield’s theory to account for 
blood-coagulation the fibrinogen is supposed to 
split up into a globulin and thrombosin, the lat¬ 
ter uniting with calcium to form fibrin. 
throm-bo-si-nu-sFtis. Thrombosis of a dural sinus, 
throm-bo'sis. The formation of a thrombus or 
blood-clot during life in the vessels or heart, as 
in pneumonia, ts- Aneurism. Atrophic t., ma- 
rasmic t. Cardiac t., thrombosis of the heart. 
Compression t., thrombosis due to dilatation of a 
vein from compression. Dilatation t., thrombosis 
due to dilatation of a vein and the slower circula¬ 
tion consequent thereto. Marasmic or marantic 
t., thrombosis due to feeble circulation; atrophic 
m. Placental t., thrombosis of the uterine veins 
due to extension of the normal thrombosis of the 
placenta into the uterine substance. Plate t., 
plate. Traumatic t., thrombosis due to injury 
of a part. Venous t., thrombosis of a vein, 
throm-bo-sta'sis. Stasis producing thrombus, 
throm-bot'ic. Relating to or of the nature of throm¬ 
bosis. T. softening of the brain, softening of the 
brain produced by thrombosis, 
throm'bus, pi. throm'bi. A clot formed in any part 
of the circulatory apparatus. It may be due to 
various causes, as trauma, infection, parasites, 
etc., and differs from an embolus in that it is de¬ 
veloped at the point where it is found, while an 
embolus is brought from a distance. Some varie¬ 
ties of thrombus not given here or under clot and 
THROMBOSIS are Ball t.. Lateral t., Obstruct¬ 
ing T. , Plate t. (blood^plate t.), and Progressive 
T. ; for which see the adjectives. Milk t., a tumor 
of the female breast due to the accumulation of 
milk in the lactiferous ducts. T. neonato'rum, 
cephalaematoma. T. vagina'lis, haematoma be¬ 
neath the vaginal mucosa, 
throt'tle. I. The throat or trachea. 2. To strangle, 
through drainage. A form of drainage in which a 
perforated tube is passed completely through the 
cavity, so that irrigation may be effected by in¬ 
jecting fluid into one aperture and letting it 
escape from the other. T. illumination, the pass¬ 
ing of light through a cavity, as the larynx, etc., 
for diagnosis; transillumination, 
throw up. To vomit, fthrow'ing back = atavism. 
thrush. I. A disease of young children, especially 
nurslings, and of the debilitated and old, charac¬ 
terized by whitish spots (aphtha) on the tongue 
and mucous membrane of the mouth and fauces, 
which split open, leaving ulcers; aphthous stoma¬ 
titis; leucoplacia buccalis; parasitic stomatitis. 
It is due to the T. fungus, the Oi'dium 
al'bicans or Saccharomy'ces al'bicans, which when 
introduced into the vein of a rabbit causes death 
by mvcotic granulations in the lungs and else- 


THRUST CULTURE 


THYMUS GLAND 




where throughout the body: the agglutinative 
test is positive. 2. A disease of the frog of a 
horse’s foot accompanied by a foul discharge, 
thrust culture. =Stab culture, fthrus'ting, a 
manipulation in massage, 
thryp'sis. A comminuted fracture, tthryp'tic. 
Thudichum’s test (thiu'di-cumz). A test for crea¬ 
tinine, made by adding the substance to a dilute 
solution of ferric chloride, when a dark red color 
will form, increasing in intensity on warming. 
Thu'ja. A genus of coniferous trees, of which the 
tops of T. occidenta'lis, the American Ar'hor vi'tce, 
are diuretic, sudorific, anthelmintic, and emmena- 
gogue. Dose, i to 4 Gm. (15 to 60 grs.). Thuja 
contains a volatile oil, thu'jon or thu'jol, 

O, which increases the blood*pressure and lowers 
the temperature, and thu'jin, a yellow, crystalline 
coloring matter, C20H22OJ2, from which thu-jet'ic 
acid, C2gH220j3, is prepared by heating, 
thu'li um. An element having an atomic weight of 
169.7 f^he symbol Tu. 

thumb. The first, or greatest, of the fingers, con¬ 
sisting of two phalanges and situated on the radial 
side of the hand; pollex*\ digitus I. T.scentre, a 
nervous centre in the cerebral cortex controlling 
movements of the thumb. It is the lowest part 
of the centre for movements of the upper limb. 
T. lancet, a lancet with a broad pointed extrem¬ 
ity, having two cutting edges. T.=marks, Ber- 
tillon’s system. T.ssucking, a common habit of 
young children, sometimes leading to deformity, 
thumps. Hiccough in the horse, 
thun'der-struck. Rendered oblivious to external 
influences by the emotion of fear or despair* 
produced by some insane delusion. T. disease, 
apoplexy. 

thus, gen. ihu'ris. i. The olibanum, or true frank¬ 
incense, obtained from Boswel'lia serra'ta. 2. A 
resinous exudate from Pi'nus sylves'tris and 
A'bies excel'sa. T. america'num, American 

frankincense, the Latin name for common frank¬ 
incense, or the concrete turpentine of Pi'nus 
icB'da and Pi'nus palus'tris. tthu-rif'e-rous, bear¬ 
ing or producing frankincense. 

Thu'ya. = Thuja. 

Th=x. A temporarily radio*active substance, 
thylac-i-i'tis. Inflammation of the oibglands of 
the skin, especially of the face, 
thy-mac'e-tine. A white powder, C14H20NO2, de¬ 
rived from THYMOL, and closely allied to phe- 
nacetine: analgesic, hypnotic, and antiseptic. 
Dose, 0.2 to 0.66 Gm. (3 to 10 grs.). 
thy-masth'ma. = Laryngismus stridulus. 
thyme (taim). = Thymus. T.scamphor = thy¬ 
mol. Wild t., Thy'mus serpyl'lum. 
thy-mec'to-my. Excision of the thymus gland. 
thym-el-co'sis. Ulceration of the thymus gl.\nd. 
thym'ene. A colorless, oily substance, CioHje, found 
in the oil of thyme: antiseptic. 
thym-hy*dro-quin'one. A substance found in the 
urine after the administration of thymol. [H Dl. 
’06.] 

thym-i'a-sis. Fumigation. [< dvpiaacg.] 
thym'ic. Belonging to the thymus gland. T. 
artery, i. An occasional branch given off from 
the innominate artery to the thymus gland; 
bronchial branch. 2. The anterior mediastinal 
artery. 3. A branch of the internal mammary 
artery; arteria thyinica*. T. asthma, T. stridor, 
L.\RYNGiSMUS STRIDULUS. T. death, tsr thymus 
gland. T. veins, veins emptying into the right 
and left innominate veins. 


thy'mic. Relating to or contained in Thymus. T. 

acid = THYMOL, 
thy-min'ic acid. =Solurol. 
thy'mi-ode, thy-mi'o-dol, thy'mo-din. =Thymolis 

lODIDUM*. 

thym'i on. A wart, fthym-i-o'sis. =Frambcesia. 
thy-mi'tis. Inflammation of the thymus gland, 
thy'mo-form. A condensation product of thymol 
and formaldehyde: used like iodoform, 
thy-mo-ke'sis. The condition of enlarged thymus, 
as in lymphatism (Lerch). 
thy'mol, gen. thymo'Us. A substance, ap¬ 

pearing in large crystals of the hexagonal sys¬ 
tem, nearly colorless, having an aromatic thyme¬ 
like odor and a pungent aromatic taste; thyme 
camphor; thymic acid; hydroxycymene; para- 
propylmetacresol ; methylnormalpropylphenol. 
It is a phenol occurring in the volatile oils of 
Thy'mus vulga'ris, Monar'da puncta'ta, and Ca'- 
runt aj'owan. It is antiseptic, and has the im¬ 
portant properties of carbolic acid without its 
disagreeable smell. It is used in solution (i to 
1000), or in the form of lotion, for the dressing of 
wounds, and internally in typhoid fever, rheu¬ 
matism, etc. A small crystal added to urine will 
preserve it for microscopic examination. Dose, 
0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). It is incompatible with many 
substances, as acetanilide, antipyrine, camphor, 
carbolic acid, quinine sulphate, spirits of nitrous 
ether, etc. T. gauze, gauze impregnated with a 
1% solution of thymol. T. inhalation, a mixture 
of 20 grs. of thymol, 3 fl. drs. of alcohol, 10 grs. of 
magnesium carbonate, and enough water to make 
3 fl. ozs. Of this one teaspoonful is used in a pint 
of water. T. iodide = thymolis iodidum*. T. 
salicylate, an antiseptic. T. solution, a i to 1000 
solution of thymol used for spraying. T. test == 
Molisch’s test. 

thy-mo'lis iodidum*. Thymol iodide, 

a reddish-brown powder containing 45% of 
iodine obtained by the condensation of 2 mole¬ 
cules of thymol and the introduction of 2 atoms 
of iodine into the phenolic groups of the thymol; 
aristol; dithymol diiodide; thymotol; iodistol; 
iodothymol; iosol; thymiode; thymiodol; thy- 
modin. It is used as a substitute for iodoform, 
as in the treatment of lupus and psoriasis, and in 
the dressing of wounds and burns. As it is sensi¬ 
tive to light it should be kept in dark bottles, 
thy'mo-lol. =Thymolis iodidum*. 
thy-mop'a-thy. Mental derangement or disease, 
thy'mo-tal. Thymol carbonate: taenicide. Dose, 
adults, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 
thy'mo-tol. =Thymolis iodidum*. 

Thy'mus. Thyme, a genus of labiate herbs, of 
which T, vulga'ris, or garden thyme, furnishes 

OLEUM THYMI*. 

thy'mus gland. A bilobed, elongated body which 
develops from the entoderm of the last two vis¬ 
ceral clefts and is situated in the neck and thorax 
of the new-born child; thymus*. During the 
second year after birth it attains its greatest size; 
thereafter it gradually diminishes, and in old 
age is very rarely perceptible. In structure it 
closely resembles a lymphatic gland, consisting 
of lobules enclosed in connective tissue, the lob¬ 
ules being formed of reticulated connective tis¬ 
sue enclosing leucocytes. Sudden death (thymic 
death) in children is sometimes due to its enlarge¬ 
ment. Laryngismus stridulus. In calves, 
the thymus gland is known as the throat-sweet¬ 
bread, the belly-sweetbread being the pancreas. 


THYMYL ACETATE 


1000 


THYROID 


ui 


Accessory t., an occasionally separated portion of 
the thymus gland. T. treatment, the adminis¬ 
tration of extracts from the thymus gland in treat¬ 
ment of progressive muscular atrophy, Basedow’s 
disease, etc. One part of the dried powder is 
equal to six parts of the fresh gland of calves and 
sheep. Dose, 2 to 5 Gm. (30 to 75 grs.) per day. 
tthy'mic. 

thy'myl acetate. Acetylthymol. T. trichloracetate, 
a caustic antiseptic for wounds, 
thy'ra-den. A proprietary standardized lactose trit¬ 
uration of the extract of the thyroid gland, i 
Gm. (15 grs.) containing 0.0007 (sT S^-) 

iodine: alterative and antifat. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 
grs.) three times a day, gradually increased, 
thy-rem-phrax'is. Obstruction of the thyroid gland, 
thy'reo-. Relating or pertaining to the thyroid 
GLAND or its cartilage: a combining form. 
Thyreo- is the correct form, but American usage 
has employed thyro- arbitrarily in many in¬ 
stances. For words not included in thyreo- 
list, see THYRO-. f <^yp£oc shield.] thyre osad-e- 
ni'tis, inflammation of the thyroid gland.— thy- 
re osan-ti-tox'in, a proteid, CgHjjNgO^, believed to 
exist in the thyroid gland.— thyre o=a-pla'si a, 
congenital myxoedema.— thyre osa-ryt-ae-noi- 
dae'us, one of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, 
consisting of a broad, flat muscle arising from 
the alae of the thyroid cartilage and the crico¬ 
thyroid membrane, and inserted into the base 
and anterior surface of the arytenoid carti¬ 
lage. It is divided into an inferior or inner part, 
adjacent to the vocal cord, and a superior or 
outer part. It relaxes the vocal cord, and thus 
widens the glottis.— thy're o-cele, tumor or swell¬ 
ing of the thyroid gland; goitre.— thyreo-cer'- 
vi-cal, as T. trunk, the thyroid axis. — thyre o- 
cri-cot'o-my, tracheotomy through the crico¬ 
thyroid membrane.— thyre osep-i-glot-tid'e us, a 
muscle arising from the inner surface of the 
thyroid cartilage and spreading out on the outer 
surface of the sacculus laryngis, to be inserted 
partly into the arytaeno=epiglottidean fold and 
partly into the margin of the epiglottis; depres¬ 
sor epiglottidis.—■ thyre o-hy-oi'de us, a muscle 
arising from the side of the thyroid cartilage and 
inserted into the body and greater cornu of 
the hyoid bone.— thyre-oi-dec'tin, a proprietary 
remedy prepared from the blood of thyroidecto- 
mized animals.— thyre-oi-dec'to-my = thyroi¬ 
dectomy. — thy-re-oi'din. i. An albuminoid 
from the thyroid gland possessing its functionat¬ 
ing properties and adapted to hypodermic use in 
doses of o.oi Gm. gr.). 2. Thyroid extract.— 
thy-re-oi'dism = thyroidism. — thyre-oi-di'tis = 
THYREOiTis. — thyrc-oi-dot'o-my = thyroidot- 
OMY. — thyre o-i'tis, inflammation of the thyroid 
gland, Strumitis. — thyre o-lyt'ic, injurious 
to the thyroid gland.— thy-re-on'cus = thy- 
REOCELE. — thyre o-pal-a-ti'nus, the portion of 
the palatopharyngeus attached to the thyroid 
gland.— thyre o-phy'ma = thyreocele. — thy¬ 
re o-pri'va, er CACHEXIA STRUMiPRivA. — thyre o- 
pro'te-id, of the thyroid gland, r®* Thyrosanti- 
TOXiN. thyre o-tro'phic, stimulating thyroid 
activity, as fucus vesiculosus. 
thy're-sol. Santalyl methyl ether, 
thy'ro-. Pertaining to the thyroid gland or its 
cartilage: a combining form, Thyreo-. [< 
6 vpe 6 g shield.} thyrosad-e-ni'tis = thyreoitis. — 
thyrosan-ti-tox'in, the active principle of the thy¬ 
roid gland, said to have the formula, C^HjiNgOg. 


— thyrosar-y-ep-i-glot'ti-cus = Thyreosarvt^- 
NOiD^us.— thyrosar-y-te'noid folds or ligaments, 
the folds of mucous membrane, enclosing delicate 
fibrous bands, which form the vocal cords. There 
are two upper, called superior, and two lower, 
called inferior, thyro*arytenoid folds. The upper 
and lower constitute respectively the false and 
true vocal cords. T. muscle = thyreosaryt./E- 
NoiDyEus. thy'roscele = thyreocele. — thyro- 
chon-drot'o-my, incision of the thyroid cartilage. 

— thy-ro-col'loid, the colloid material in the 
thyroid gland.— thyrosep-i-glot'tic, pertaining 
or relating to the thyroid cartilage and the 
epiglottis, as T. ligament, a band between the 
apex of the epiglottis and the notch between the 
alas of the thyroid cartilage: and T. muscle = 
THYREOsEPiGLOTTiDEus.— thyrosex-oph-thal'mic 
neurosis = exophthalmic goitre. — thy-rog'e- 
nous, arising in the thyroid gland.— thy-ro-glan'- 
din, the name of several proprietary remedies 
containing thyroid gland.— thy-ro-glob'u-lin, a 
globulin containing iodine found in the thyroid 
gland.— thy-ro-glos'sal, pertaining to the thy¬ 
roid gland and the tongue, as the T. duct, a duct 
in the embryo, sometimes remaining partially in¬ 
tact in the adult, which extends between the 
thyroid body and the posterior part of the 
tongue: its glossal extremity is afterward rep¬ 
resented by the foramen caecum; ductus thyreo- 
glossus*. — thy-ro-hy'al, as T. cornu, the greater 
cornu of the hyoid bone.— thy-ro-hy'oid, relat¬ 
ing or pertaining to the thyroid cartilage and the 
hyoid bone, as T. arch, the third visceral arch: 

* T. /arywgo^omy, laryngotomy: T. ligament, 
the thyrohyoid membrane: Lateral t. ligaments, 
yellowish cords connecting the superior cornua 
of the thyroid cartilage and the greater cornua of 
the hyoid bone: Aliddle t. ligament, the thyrohyoid 
membrane: T. membrane, a broad, yellow mem¬ 
brane attached to the superior edge of the thy¬ 
roid cartilage below, and to the body and great 
horn of the hyoid bone above; membrana hyothy- 
reoidea*: T. = thyreohyoideus: T. nerve, 

branches from the hypoglossal to the thyrohyoid 
muscle: and T. space, the depressed area between 
the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone in front. 

thy'roid, thy're-oid. i. Resembling a shield; shield* 
shaped; scutiform. T. dislocation, displacement 
of the head of the femur in the T. foramen 
(= obturator foramen). T. hernia, obturator 
hernia. 2. Thyroid gland. Accessory t. artery, 
an occasional branch given off from the innom¬ 
inate artery and ascending in front of the trachea 
to the lower part of the thyroid gland; thyroidea 
ima; and thyroid artery of Neubauer. Ascend¬ 
ing t. artery, a branch of the thyroid axis to the 
larynx, oesophagus, and neck. Descending t. 
artery, a branch of the external carotid artery 
distributed to the thyroid gland and parts in its 
neighborhood. Inferior t. artery, ascending t. 
ARTERY. Middle t. artery, a branch from the in¬ 
nominate artery to the thyroid gland. T. artery 
of Neubauer, accessory t. artery. Superior t. 
artery, descending t. artery. T. axis, a short 
branch of the subclavian artery which gives off 
the inferior thyroid, suprascapular, and trans¬ 
verse cervical arteries. T. bar, one of the two 
branchial bars of the foetus, developing into the 
thyroid cartilage. T. body = thyroid gland. 
T. cartilage, the largest of the cartilages of the 
larynx, forming the pomum adami. T. eminence, 
the prominence on the front of the neck caused 


t 


THYROIDEA IMA 


1001 


TIBIA 


by the thyroid cartilage. T. extract, extract of 
sheep’s thyroid gland, used in thyroid therapy. 
T. foramen, the foramen of the thyroid cartilage 
of the larynx. T. ganglion, the middle cervical 
sympathetic ganglion, Cervical ganglion. 
T. gland or body, a reddish organ, one of the so* 
called “ ductless glands,” giving rise to one or 
more internal secretions and situated in front of 
and on either side of the trachea; glandula thy- 
reoidea*. The thyroid gland consists of two 
lateral lobes and a connecting isthmus known 
as Lalouette’s pyramid (middle or third lobe) 
which, attached to the body of the hyoid bone, 
unites them below. It is enveloped in a thin 
covering of areolar tissue, and is composed of a 
number of closed follicles, surrounded by an open 
vascular network which is supported by the in¬ 
terstitial connective tissue. These follicles are 
usually filled with a colloid material containing 
iodine and phosphorus. Supernumerary glands 
are often present, sometimes situated at the 
base of the tongue, Parathyroid goitre; 
cretinism; myxcedema. T. graft, a piece of a 
thyroid gland transplanted into subcutaneous 
tissue of the body for the cure of myxcedema 
due to absence of the thyroi^. Atrophy rapidly 
takes place. T. nerves, branches from the middle 
cervical ganglion of the sympathetic to the 
thyroid gland. Inferior t. plexus, a nerve^plexus 
derived from the middle cervical ganglion and 
situated around the external carotid and inferior 
thyroid arteries. Superior t. plexus, a nerve* 
plexus derived from the superior laryngeal and 
superior cardiac nerves and situated around the 
thyroid gland. T. therapy or treatment, adminis¬ 
tration of an extract of the thyroid gland of an 
animal in treatment of such diseases as myxoe- 
dema, cretinism, insanity, etc. Inferior t. vein, 
a branch of the innominate vein returning blood 
from the thyroid body, lower larynx, trachea, 
and oesophagus. Middle t. vein, a branch of the 
internal jugular vein from the lower portion of 
the thyroid gland and vicinity, fthy-roi'dal or 
thy-roi'de al = thyroid. 

thyroi'dea i'ma. The accessory thyroid artery. 

thy-roi-dec'to-my. Excision of the thyroid gland or 
of its cartilage; ecthyreosis. ^ Strumectomy. 
tthy-roi-dec'to-mized, having the thyroid gland 
removed: a curative serum known as thy-roi- 
dec'tin is now prepared from animals which have 
been so treated. 

thy-roi'din. i. Thyroid extract. 2. Thyro*iodine. 
3. Various proprietary preparations of the thy¬ 
roid gland or of substances derived therefrom. 

thy-roi'dism. Poisoning by thyroid extract: sim¬ 
ilar to exophthalmic goitre. 

thy-roi-di'tis. =Thyreoitis. 

thy-roi-di-za'tion. Bringing the system for thera¬ 
peutic purposes under the influence of the thy¬ 
roid gland. 

thy-roi-dot'o-my. Cutting or incision of the thy¬ 
roid gland. ‘ 

thy'ro- (cont.). i^Thyreo-. thy-rosi'o-dine. The 
active principle of the thyroid gland, found there 
both in a free and combined state and containing 
9-37% iodine and 0.56% phosphorus; iodothy- 
rine; thyrosi-o-din'ine.— thyro-la-ryn'ge al, per¬ 
taining to the thyroid gland or its cartilage and 
the larynx, as T. artery, a branch of the superior 
thyroid artery to the larynx and the thyroid 
body: and T. fascia, the fascia investing the thy¬ 
roid body and attached to the cricoid cartilage.— 


thy-ro-lin'gual = thyroglossal. —thy'ron, a pro¬ 
prietary tannin compound prepared from the thy¬ 
roid glands of pigs. Dose, o.i Gm. (i^ grs.).— 
thy-ron'cus = goitre. — thyrosoe-so-pha'ge us, 
fibres of muscle from the oesophagus to the thy¬ 
roid cartilage.— thy-ro-pal'a-tine, relating to the 
thyroid gland and the palate, as T. muscle ■= 

PALATOPHARYNGEUS.- thyrO- 

phar-yn-ge'us, the constrictor 
pharyngis inferior. 
pha-ryn'ge al.— thy-ro-phrax'- 
i a = GOITRE. — thy-ro-phy'ma 

= THYREOCELE.-thy-ro-pil'- 

vi a, the state of the system 
after the removal of the thyroid 
gland, tthy-ro-pri'val. — thy- 
ro-pro'te-in, an albuminous 
substance from the thyroid ^ 
gland.— thy-rop-to'sis, dis¬ 
placement of the enlarged thy¬ 
roid gland, as into the thorax. 

—thyro-staph-y-li'nus, ctper- 

ISTAPHYLOPHARYNGEUS. -thy- 

rot'o-my, operative division of 
the thyroid cartilage, as for the 
removal of neoplasms from the 
larynx; laryngosfissure, 

thyr'sus. The penis. [< dvpaog 
a stalk.] 

Thysanoso'ma actinioi'des. A 

parasite of deer and sheep, 
causing most of the cases of 
tapeworm of sheep in the 
Western United States; Tce'- 
nia fimbria'ta; Monie'zia fim- 
bria'ia. fthy-sa-no-zo'on. 

[T[ Cellule ’05.] 

T. i. d. See vocabulary place. 

Ti. Symbol for titanium. 

tib'i a*. The innermost and larg¬ 
est bone of the leg, articulat¬ 
ing with the femur at the knee 
and with the astragalus at the 
ankle: shinsbone. [L.,“pipe,” 

‘ ‘ flute. ’ ’ j ftib'i ad, toward the 
tibial aspect. tib-i-ae'us = tib¬ 
ialis, tib'ial, of, or relating 
to, the tibia, or of a structure 
adjacent thereto, as T. aponeu¬ 
rosis, the fascia investing the 
leg, which is attached to the prominences about 
the knee and is continuous below with the an¬ 
nular ligaments of the ankle: Anterior t. artery, a 
branch of the popliteal artery, distributed prin¬ 
cipally to the anterior aspect of the leg and the 
dorsum of the foot: T. recurrent arteries, small 
branches from the anterior tibial artery which 
turn back up the leg and form arterial anasto¬ 
moses about the knee: Posterior t. artery, a 
branch, the direct continuation, of the popliteal 
artery to the posterior part of the leg, the heel, 
and the sole of the foot: T. aspect, the aspect on 
which the tibia is situated. T. cravat, cravat: 
T. crest, the sharp anterior edge of the tibia; the 
shin: Anterior t. gland, a lymphsgland on the an¬ 
terior surface of the interosseous ligament of the 
leg, T. collateral ligament, internal lateral liga¬ 
ment of the knee*joint: T. muscles, tibialis: 
Anterior t. nerve, a branch of the external popli¬ 
teal nerve, distributed to the leg and foot: T. 
communicating nerve, i. The external saphenous 
nerve. 2. The branch of the internal popliteal 








m 


Tibia and Fibula 
OF Left Leg.— 
I. Shaft of the 
tibia. 2,3.Tuber¬ 
osities. 4. Spine. 
5. Tubercle. 6. 
Crest or shin. 7. 
Lower extremity 
of tibia. 8. In¬ 
ternal malleolus. 
9. Shaft of the 
fibula. 10. Its 
head. ii. Ex¬ 
ternal malleolus. 
(Leidy.) 


















TIBIALE 


1002 


TILMUS 


nerv® which unites with the similar branch of 
the external popliteal to form the external sa¬ 
phenous nerve: Posterior t. nerve, the direct con¬ 
tinuation of the internal popliteal nerve, distrib¬ 
uted to the calf of the leg and the sole of the 
foot: Anterior t. vein, a branch of the popliteal 
vein, having the same distribution as the artery 
of the same name: and Posterior t. veins, branches 
of the popliteal vein accompanying the posterior 
tibial artery, tib'i an or tib'i en, belonging to the 
tibia itself. 

tib-i-a'le. A bone on the tibial side of the embry¬ 
onic tarsus, partly represented in the adult by 
the astragalus. 

tib-i-a'lis. i. Tibial. 2. A muscle connected 
with the tibia. T. anti'cus, a muscle arising from 
the external tuberosity, the upper exterior surface 
of the tibia, and the adjacent part of the inter¬ 
osseous membrane, and inserted into the inner 
surface of the internal cuneiform and first meta¬ 
tarsal bones. T. anti'cus accesso'rius, the tibio- 
fascialis. T. gra'cilis, the plantaris muscle. T. 
posti'cus, a muscle arising from the upper poste¬ 
rior aspect of the tibia, interosseous membrane, 
and fibula, and inserted into the scaphoid, cuboid, 
cuneiform, and second, third, and fourth meta¬ 
tarsal bones. T. socun'dus, an occasional muscle 
extending from the back of the tibia to the liga¬ 
ment of the anklesjoint. 

tib'i 0-. Relating to the tibia*: a combining form. 
[ < L. tib'ia flute.] tibd o-cal-ca'ne an, relating to 
the tibia and calcaneum.— tib’i o-fa-sci-a'lis, a 
small occasional muscle arising from the lower 
part of the tibia and inserted into the annular 
ligament; T. anticus.— tib’io-fem'o-ral, pertain¬ 
ing to the tibia and the femur, as T. index, the 
ratio of the length of the tibia to the length of 
the femur.— tib’i o-fib'u-lar, relating or pertain¬ 
ing to the tibia and the fibula, as T. ligaments, 
an anterior and a posterior superior, on the cor¬ 
responding surfaces of the superior tibiofibular 
articulation; an interosseous, uniting the shafts 
of the two bones; and an anterior inferior, and a 
posterior inferior, or transverse, at the inferior 
articulation : T. joint, superior tibiofibular artic¬ 
ulation: and T. syndesmosis, inferior tibiofibular 
articulation.— tib’i o-met-a-tar'sal, relating to the 
tibia and the metatarsus.— tib’i o-na-vic'u-lar, 
relating to the tibia and the scaphoid, as T. liga¬ 
ment, part of the internal lateral, or deltoid lig¬ 
ament of the ankle.— tib’i o-per-o-ne'al = tibio¬ 
fibular.— tib’i o-plan-ta'ris, an occasional branch 
of the TIBIALIS ANTICUS, which joins the plantar 
FASCIA and through it ends in the great toe.— 
tib’i o-tar'sal, relating to the tibia and the tarsus, 
as T. amputation, amputation of the foot at the 
ankles joint: T. articulation, the ankle* joint: and 
T. ligaments, thin sheets of ligaments passing 
from the tibia to the astragalus; the anterior and 
posterior ligaments of the anklesjoint. 

tic. An involuntary convulsive movement of psy¬ 
chomotor origin, especially of the muscles of the 
face, first provoked by some external cause or an 
idea,^but the meaningless gesture becoming ha¬ 
bitual by repetition; choreic tic; habitsspasm. 
Tic is not identical with chorea or a spasm, 
and disappears during sleep. Various names are 
given to tic from the part affected, as diaphrag¬ 
matic t. and laryngeal t., or from the motion 
made, as bowing t., gesticulatory t., nodding t., and 
saltatory t. T. convulsif (cofi-vul-sif), spasm of 
the facial muscles. T. de Guinon, a degenerative 


complex, consisting of spasms of the face ana ex¬ 
tremities and spasmodic utterance of certain 
words, especially in the form of coprolalia and 
ECHOLALiA. T. doulourcux (du-lfi-ru), neuralgia 
of the trigeminal, trifacial, or fifth nerve, accom¬ 
panied by contraction of the facial muscles; facial 
neuralgia. T. giratoire (zhi-ra-twar) =T. rota- 
ToiRE. T. nonsdouloureux, myoclonus. T. rota- 
toire (ro-ta-twar), rotation of the head due to 
spasm of the splenius muscle; spasmodic torti¬ 
collis. one affected with tic. 

tick. An insect of the genus Acarus ; mite. T. fever. 
I. Spotted fever of Montana or of the Rocky 
Mountains, Japanese river fever. 2. A 
transmissible recurrent fever of Uganda. Orni- 
THODOROS MOUBATA. Spottedsfever t. = Derma- 
CENTOR OCCIDENTALIS. Itch t. — AcARUS SCABIEI. 
tick'ling. Titillation. ft^ck'lish-ness. 

Tico'rea. A genus of rutaceous trees or shrubs. 
The bark of Tico'rea febrif'uga and the leaves of 
T. jasminiflo'ra are used medicinally in Brazil, 
tic-po-lon'ga. A poisonous serpent of India, 
tic-tol'o-gy. The science of parturition, 
ti-cu'na. An arrowspoison of South America. 

T. i. d. Abbr. for L. ter in di'e, three times a day: 

sometimes abbre’^iated to t. d. 
ti'dal air. The mean amount of air inspired and 
then expired: it is subject to wide variations in 
different individuals and in the same individual 
at different times, and varies from 100 to 1000 
Cc. T. breathing, Cheyne*Stokes respir.\tion. 
T. wave, the portion of the descending line of the 
sphymographic tracing between the apex or per¬ 
cussion wave and the dicrotic wave; overflow* or 
outflow*remainder wave; predicrotic wave, 
tide. k^Acid tide; alk.vline tide. 

Tidy’s test (tai'dfz). A test for albumin in the 
urine, made by adding a mixture of equal vol¬ 
umes of carbolic acid and glacial acetic acid (or 
alcohol), when a white precipitate will form, 
tie off. To ligate, 
tie'go. Vertigo; dizziness, 
ti'ger retina. = Leopard retina. 
ti'gers’ milk. The milky juice of Excceca'ria agaV- 
locha, a tree of India: used in treating ulcers, 
tightslace liver. A liver deformed by tight lacing, 
and characterized by thickening vertically, by 
lines made by thfe ribs, and by atrophy, 
tig'lic acid. A white, crystalline acid, C4HJJO2, found 
in croton oil; tiglinic acid; methylcrotonic acid, 
tig'lii gra'na. The seeds of Cro'ton tig'lium. cr 
Croton. T. o'leum = oleum tiglii*. 

Tig'lium. c®-C roton; oleum tiglii*. 
tigretier (ti-gre-ti e). A kind of hysterical dancing 
mania occurring in Abyssinia. [Fr.] 
ti'groid bodies. =Nissl’s bodies. 

Til'ia. A genus of tiliaceous trees with mucilagi¬ 
nous properties and containing aglucoside, til'i-a- 
cine. T. america'na, the basswood or linden, lime; 
a native tree of the United vStates. T. europae'a, 
the linden, or lin, a native of Europe, and planted 
for ornament there and in the United States. 
Til-land’s disease. Multiple fibrous nodes of the 
breast. 

Tilland'sia. A genus of bromeliaceous plants, 
mostly epiphytic, of which T. usneoi'des, Spanish 
moss, is astringent. 

Tille'tia. A genus of ustilagineous fungi causing 
rust or smut on cereals. T. scarlatina'sa was at 
one time announced as occurring in the blood of 
those affected with scarlet fever, 
til'mus. =CARPHOLOGy. 


TIMBO 


TINCTURA 


lOo;- 

tim'bo. A name of PaulUn'ia pinna'ta, a tree of 
Brazil containing an alkaloid, tim'bo-nine, and 
an oily substance, tim'bol: possesses narcotic and 
rubefacient pioperties and is used in Brazil as a 
fishspoison. 

timbre (tafi'br). The peculiar quality of a musical 
note which distinguishes it from other notes of 
the same pitch and intensity. T. m6tallique, a 
very highspitched, amorphic sound of metallic 
character. [Fr.] 

time. A measure or portion of duration; an abstract 
idea or notion of succession; an idea which re¬ 
sults from a comparison between a successive 
state and that of coexistence. Inertia t., the 
time required to overcome the inertia of a muscle 
after the reception of a stimulus from a nerve. 
T.smarker = chronograph. Psychophysical t. = 
REACTION TIME. Reaction t., e§- reaction. Rec¬ 
ognition t., RECOGNITION. T.ssense, T. per¬ 
ception, the sense by which the lapse of time is 
perceived and judgei 

tin. A malleable metal which oxidizes on ex¬ 
posure to the air; at. wt., 118.1; symb., Sn; 
and sp. gr., 7.2. Poisoning symptoms from 
canned foods are due to ptomaines or to 
lead or arsenic as impurities in the tin rather 
than to the metal itself. It is an important re¬ 
agent, and is used in medicine as a disinfectant, 
drastic purge, antigonorrhoeic, and anthelmintic. 
The chief salts are the acetate, chloride (stannic 
and stannous), chromate, citrate, disulphide 
(mosaic gold), iodide, oleate, oxalate, oxide, phos¬ 
phide (phosphor bronze), sulphate, sulphide, 
tannate, and tartrate. T. amalgam, a mixture 
of three parts of tin and one part of mercury: 
used to fill teeth and as an anthelmintic. Butter 
of t., stannic chloride. T.sfoil, tin in extremely 
thin sheets, used for wrapping up small articles 
and in plugging carious teeth. T. glass, bismuth. 
Powdered t., pulvis stanni, finely divided tin, 
used as an anthelmintic. 

ti-nag'mus. i. Concussion. 2. Rectal tenesmus, 
ti-nas'mus. = Tenesmus. 
tin'ca. The tench, Os tinc^. 
tin'cal. Crude borax as it is imported from the 
East Indies in yellow, greasy crystals. [Pers.] 
Tinct., Tr., Tct. Abbrs. for L. itnciu'ra tincture, 
tinc'tion. The act or process of staining. [< tin'- 
gere to dye.] ftinc'ta-ble. tinc-to'ri al. 
tinc-tu'ra, pi. A tincture; a solution of a 

medicinal substance in a menstruum, especially 
in alcohol {T. alcohol'ica, alcoholic tincture or spir¬ 
ituous tincture), prepared by maceration, diges¬ 
tion, or percolation. A solution in spirit of am¬ 
monia is termed an ammoniated tincture, and a 
solution in ethereal spirit, an ethereal tincture. T. 
aconi'ti*, tincture of aconite: made from aconite 
containing not less than 0.5% of aconitine, alcohol, 
and water. It ^s important to remember that the 
strength of this tincture in the 1890 U. S. P. was 
35%> present revision of the pharnia- 

copceia it has been reduced to 10% for the sake of 
uniformity. (^Fleming’s tincture. Dose, 0.6 
Cc. (10 mins.). T. al'oes*, tincture of aloes: a pur¬ 
gative made from purified aloes, 100 Gm.; licorice 
root, 200 Gm.; and diluted alcohol, a sufficient 
quantity to make 1000 Cc. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 

T. al'oes compos'ita = T. al'oes et myr'rhae*, 
tincture of aloes and myrrh; elixir proprietatis: a 
purgative, tonic, and emmenagogue prepared 
from 100 Gm. of purified aloes, 100 Gm. of myrrh, 

100 Gm. of licorice root, and sufficient alcohol 


and water to make 1000 Cc. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 
mins.). T. ama'ra, bitter tincture, stomachic 
tincture; bitter stomach=drops; stomach drops; 
the N. F. name for a tincture made from 384 grs. 
of gentian, 384 grs. of centaury, 256 grs. of bitter 
orange peel, 128 grs. of orange berries, 128 grs. of 
zedoary root, and enough alcohol and water to 
make 16 fl. ozs.; T. antac'rida, antacrid tincture 
(N. F.) ; Fenner’s guaiac mixture; dysmenorrhoea 
mixture: a tincture made from corrosive chloride of 
mercury, 40 grs.; resin of guaiac, 2 tr. ozs.; Canada 
turpentine, 2 tr. ozs.; oil of sassafras, ^ fl. oz.; and 
alcohol, enough to make 16 fl. ozs. Dose, i Cc. (15 
mins.). T. antiperiod'ica, anti periodic tincture; 
Warburg’s tincture: the N.F. name for a prepara¬ 
tion made from 448 grs. of rhubarb, 448 grs. of an¬ 
gelica seed, 224 grs. of elecampane, 224 grs. of 
saffron, 224 grs. of fennel, 112 grs. of gentian. 112 
grs. of zedoary root, 112 grs. of cubeb, 112 grs. of 
myrrh, 112 grs. of white agaric, 112 grs. of 
camphor, 1280 grs. of quinine sulphate, 28 grs. of 
aqueous extract of aloes, and enough diluted 
alcohol to make 8 pints. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). 
The extract of aloes may be omitted when so 
ordered, tsr Pilulae antiperiodic^. T. arnicse 
flo'rum (1890 U. S. P.) =T. ar'nicae*. tincture of 
arnica; a preparation made from 200 Gm. of 
arnica and sufficient diluted alcohol to make 
1000 Cc. This tincture is often applied to 
bruises, sprains, tunjors. and local rheumatic 
pains. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). T. ar'nicae radi'- 
cis, tincture of arnica root: the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for a tincture made from arnica root and alcohol 
and water, each, a sufficient quantity to make 
1000 Cc. Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). T. asafoet'- 
idae*, tincture of asafetida: a preparation made 
from 200 Gm. of asafetida, bruised, and sufficient 
alcohol to make 1000 Cc. It possesses all the 
virtues of asafetida. Dose, « Cc. (15 mins.). 
T. auran'tii ama'ri*, tincture of bitter orange 
peel: the name for a tincture made from 200 Gm. 
of bitter orange peel and sufficient alcohol and 
water to make 1000 Cc. It is employed as a 
grateful addition to infusions, decoctions, and 
mixtures. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). T. auran'tii 
dul' cis, tincture of sweet orange peel: a prepara¬ 
tion made from 200 Gm. of sweet orange peel, 
recently separated from the fresh fruit, and suf¬ 
ficient alcohol to make 1000 Cc. It has no peculiar 
medicinal properties, but is used as a pleasant 
adjuvant. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). T. belladon'- 
nae, tincture of belladonna, the 1890 U.S.P. name 
for what is now called T. belladon'nae folio'rum*. 
tincture of belladonna leaves : a preparation 
made from 100 Gm. of belladonna leaves con¬ 
taining not less than 0.35% of alkaloids and suf¬ 
ficient diluted alcohol to make 1000 Cc. Dose, 
0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). It is well to remember 
that the strength of this tincture has been reduced 
from 15% of the 1890 U.S.P. to its present 
10%. T. benzoi'ni*, tincture of benzoin : a 
preparation made from 200 Gm. of benzoin and 
sufficient alcohol to make 1000 Cc. This tincture 
is added to ointments to prevent rancidity. Dose, 
I Cc. ( 15 mins.). T. benzoi'ni compos'ita*; com¬ 
pound tincture of benzoin; Friar’s balsam; Tur¬ 
lington’s balsam: made from 100 Gm. of benzoin, 
20 Gm. of purified aloes, 80 Gm. of storax, 40 
Gm. of balsam of Tolu, and sufficient alcohol to 
make 1000 Cc. This is a stimulating expectorant, 
sometimes given in chronic catarrhal affections; 
but it is mostly employed as a local application 


TINCTURA 


1004 


TINCTURA 


to indolent ulcers, wounds, etc. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 
mins.). T. bryo'niae, tincture of bryonia, the 
1890 U. S. P. name for a tincture made from 100 
Gm. of bryonia and sufficient alcohol to make 
1000 Cc. It is used as a cathartic. Dose, 4 Cc. 
(i fi. dr.). T. calen'dulae*, tincture of calendula: 
made from 200 Gm. of calendula, and sufficient 
alcohol to make 1000 Cc. It is used externally 
for the same purposes as tincture of arnica. T. 
calum'bae*, tincture of calumba: made from 100 
Gm. of calumba and sufficient alcohol and water, 
in equal parts, to make 1000 Cc. This tincture 
may be added to tonic infusions or decoctions to 
increase their stimulant power, but should be 
used with caution. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). 
T. can'nabis, the 1880 U. S. P. name for T. 
can'nabis in'dicae*, tincture of Indian can¬ 
nabis: made from 100 Gm. of cannabis indica 
and sufficient alcohol to make 1000 Cc. Dose, 
0.6 Cc. (10 mins.). This preparation is now of 
10% strength instead of 15% as in the 1890 U. S. P. 
T. canthar'idis*, tincture of cantharides: made 
from 100 Gm. of cantharides and sufficient alcohol 
to make 1000 Cc. It possesses the virtues of 
Spanish flies to their full extent, and is used 
externally as a stimulant. Dose, 0.3 Cc. (5 
mins.). The strength of this tincture is double 
that of the 1890 U. S. P. T. cap'sici*, tincture 
of capsicum: made from capsicum, 100 Gm., and 
alcohol and water, each sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc. It is a useful stimulant in very 
low states of the system, as in malignant scarlet 
and typhus fevers. Dose, 0.6 Cc. (10 mins.). The 
strength of this preparation is double that of the 
1890 U. S. P. T. cap'sici et myr'rhse, tincture 
of capsicum and myrrh; hot drops; number six: 
the N. F. name for a preparation made from ^ tr. 
oz. of capsicum, 2 tr. ozs. of myrrh, and alcohol 
and water, enough to make 16 fl. oz. T. car- 
damo'mi*, tincture of cardamon: made from 200 
Gm. of cardamon, and sufficient diluted alcohol to 
make 1000 Cc. This tincture is an agreeable 
but strong aromatic, and may be advantageously 
added to tonic and purgative infusions. Dose, 4 
Cc. (i fl. dr ). T. cardamo'mi compos'ita*, com¬ 
pound tincture of cardamom: made from 25 Gm. 
cardamom, 25 Gm. of cinnamon, 12 Gm. of cara¬ 
way, 5 Gm. of cochineal, 50 Cc. of glycerin, and 
sufficient diluted alcohol to make 1000 Cc. This is 
a very agreeable aromatic tincture, sometimes 
used as a carminative, and more frequently as an 
addition to infusions and mixtures. Dose, 4 Cc. 
(i fl. dr.). T. casto'rei, tincture of castor: made 
from castor, bruised, 2 tr. ozs., and alcohol, 2 
pints. Macerate for seven days, express, and 
filter through paper. It is employed for the 
same purposes as castor. Dose, 2 to 4 Cc. 
(30 to 60 mins.). T. cat'echu compos'ita, com¬ 
pound tincture of catechu: an 1890 U. S. P. 
preparation now replaced by T. gambir com- 
POSiTA*. T. chira'tae, tincture of chirata : 
the 1890 U. S. P. name for a tonic made 
from 100 Gm. of chirata and sufficient alcohol 
and water, in equal quantities, to make 1000 
Cc. Dose, 2 to 4 Cc. (30 to 60 mins.). T. cimicif'- 
ugae*, tincture of cimicifuga: a tincture prepared 
from 200 Gm. of cimicifuga and sufficient alcohol 
to make 1000 Cc. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). T. cin- 
cho'nae*, tincture of cinchona: a tonic prepared 
from cinchona yielding not less than 4% of an¬ 
hydrous etherssoluble alkaloids, 200 Gm. ; 
glycerin, 75 Cc.; alcohol and water, each, suffi¬ 


cient to make 1000 Cc. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). T. 
cincho'nae compos'ita*, compound tincture of 
cinchona: a tincture made from red cinchona 
yielding not less than 5% of anhydrous cin¬ 
chona alkaloids, 100 Gm.; bitter orange peel, 80 
Gm.; serpentaria. 20 Gm.; glycerin, 75 Cc.; and 
alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc. This tincture is an excellent 
stomachic cordial tonic, but its too prolonged use 
may cause the alcoholic habit. Dose, 4 Cc. (x fl. 
dr.). T. cincho'nae detanna'ta (N. F.), detannated 
tincture of cinchona. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). Ow¬ 
ing to the removal of the tannin, it may be 
employed with preparations containing iron and 
other substances incompatible with tannin. T. 
cinnamo'mi*, tincture of cinnamon: a tincture 
made from 100 Gm. of Saigon cinnamon, 75 Cc. 
of glycerin, and enough alcohol and water to 
make 1000 Cc. This tincture has the aromatic 
and astringent properties of cinnamon, and may 
be used as an adjuvant to cretaceous mixtures 
and astringent infusions. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 

T. col'chici, “tincture of colchicum,” the 1880 

U. S. P. name for T. col'chici sem'inis*, tinc¬ 
ture of colchicum seed, the present U. S. P. 
name for a tincture made from 100 Gm. of col¬ 
chicum seed, containing not less than 0.55% of 
COLCHICINE, and sufficient alcohol and water to 
make 1000 Cc. It possesses the properties of 
colchicum, and may be given whenever that med¬ 
icine is indicated. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). T. 
cro'ci, tincture of saffron, the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for a tincture made from 100 Gm. of saffron and 
sufficient diluted alcohol to make 1000 Cc. It is 
used to give color to mixtures. T. cube'bae, tinc¬ 
ture of cubeb,the 1890 U. S. P. title of a tincture 
made from 200 Gm. of cubeb and sufficient alco¬ 
hol to make 1000 Cc. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). T. 
digita'lis*, tincture of digitalis, the U. S. P. 
name for a tincture made from 100 Gm. of digi¬ 
talis and sufficient diluted alcohol to make 1000 
Cc. The strength of this preparation has been re¬ 
duced from 15% in the 1890 U. S. P. to 10%. 
Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). T. fer'ri aceta'tis, tincture 
of acetate of iron, tincture of ferric acetate, the 
1880 U. S. P. name for a tincture containing 50 
parts of a solution of acetate of iron, 30 parts 
of alcohol, and 20 parts of acetic ether. Dose, 2 
to 4 Cc. (30 to 60 mins.). T. fer'ri chlo'ridi*, 
tincture of ferric chloride: made of 350 Cc. of 
solution of ferric chloride and sufficient alcohol 
to make 1000 Cc. It is a hydrosalcoholic solu¬ 
tion of ferric chloride, containing not less than 
13.28% of the anhydrous salt, and corresponding 
to about 4.58% of metallic iron. It is a bright 
brownish liquid, of a very astringent, styptic 
taste. This is one of the most active and certain 
preparations of iron, and is particularly com¬ 
mended as a tonic in scrofula, erysipelas, and 
diphtheria. Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.'), taken well 
diluted through a glass tube in order to protect 
the teeth and the gastric mucous membrane. T. 
fer'ri chlo'ridi aethe'rea, ethereal tincture of ferric 
chloride; Bestucheff’stincture ; Lamotte’s drops: 
the N. F. name for a preparation containing 350 
mins, of solution of ferric chloride, 4 fl. ozs. of 
stronger ether, and enough alcohol to make 16 fl. 
ozs. Each fluidrachm represents about oneshalf 
grain of metallic iron. T. fer'ri citrochlo'ridi, the 
N. F. name for a preparation containing 4 fl. ozs. 
of liquor ferri chloridi, 7 tr. ozs. of sodium citrate, 
2^ fl. ozs. of alcohol, and enough water to make 16 


TINCTURA 


1005 


TINCTURA 


fl. ozs.; tasteless tincture of iron. As this prepara¬ 
tion does not react with tannin, it may be admin¬ 
istered with vegetable drugs. T. fer'ri poma'ta, 
tincture of ferrated extract of apples, the N. F. 
name for a preparation containing 800 grs. of 
ferrated extract of apples, fl. ozs. of alcohol, 
and enough cinnamon water to make 16 fl. ozs. 
T. gal'lae**-', tincture of nutgall made from 200 Gm. 
of nutgall, 100 Cc. of gtycerin, and sufficient 
alcohol to make 1000 Cc. It is powerfully astrin¬ 
gent, but is more used as a test than as a med¬ 
icine. Dose, 4 Cc. (r fl. dr.). T. gam'bir compos'- 
ita*, compound tincture of gambir: introduced 
into the present pharmacopoeia to replace the T. 
catechu composita of the 1890 U. S. P. It is pre¬ 
pared from 50 Gm. gambir, 25 Gm. Saigon cinna¬ 
mon and a sufficient quantity of diluted alcohol 
to make 1000 Cc. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). T.- 

gelse'mii*, tincture of gelsemium: made from 
100 Gm. of gelsemium and sufficient alcohol and 
water to make 1000 Cc. Dose. 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). 
T. gentia'nae compos'ita*, compound tincture of 
gentian: made from 100 Gm. of gentian, 40 Gm. of 
bitter orange peel, 10 Gm. of cardamom, and a 
sufficient quantity of alcohol and water, in equal 
parts, to make 1000 Cc. This is an elegant bitter, 
much used in dyspepsia and as an addition to 
tonic mixtures. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). T. guai'- 
aci*, tincture of guaiac: made from 200 Gm. of 
guaiac, and sufficient alcohol to make 1000 Cc. 
This tincture is given in chronic rheumatism and 
gout, and is used as a test for blood. Dose, 4 Cc. 
(i fl. dr.). T. guai'aci ammonia'ta*, ammoniated 
tincture of guaiac: made from 200 Gm. of guaiac 
and sufficient aromatic spirit of ammonia to 
make 1000 Cc. It is employed in the treatment 
of chronic rheumatism and amenorrhoea. Dose, 
2 Cc. (30 mins.). T. guai'aci compos'ita*. com¬ 
pound tincture of guaiac; Dewees’s tincture of 
guaiac: the N. F. name for a preparation made 
from 2 tr. ozs. of resin of guaiac, 45 grs. of po¬ 
tassium carbonate, 240 grs. of pimenta, in 
powder, 7 fl. ozs. of alcohol, 8 fl. ozs. of water 
and enough diluted alcohol to make 16 fl. ozs. 
T. hie'ra, wine of aloes. Tinctu'ras herba'rum 
recen'tium*, tinctures of fresh herbs, when not 
otherwise directed are to be prepared by macer¬ 
ating 500 Gm. of the cut, bruised, or crushed 
fresh herb with 1000 Cc. alcohol in a closed vessel 
in a moderately warm place during 14 days, with 
occasional stirring; then strongly expressing the 
liquid and Altering through paper. T. hu'muli, 
tincture of hops, the 1890 U. S. P. name for a tinc¬ 
ture made from 200 Gm. of welbdried hops and 
sufficient diluted alcohol to make 1000 Cc. It is 
tonic and narcotic, but little reliance can be placed 
upon it. The tincture of lupulin is preferable. 
Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). T. hydras'tis*, tincture 
of hydrastis: made from 200 Gm. of hydrastis, 
containing not less than 2.5% of hydrastine 
and sufficient diluted alcohol to make 1000 Cc. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). T. hyoscy'arai*, tincture 
of hyoscyamus: made from 150 Gm. of hyoscya- 
mus, containing not less than 0.08% of mydriatic 
alkaloids and sufficient diluted alcohol to make 
1000 Cc. It possesses the activities of hyoscya¬ 
mus. Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). T. igna'tiae, tinc¬ 
ture of ignatia, the 1880 U. S. P. name for a tinc¬ 
ture made from 100 Gm. of ignatia, and of alco¬ 
hol and water, each, sufficient to make 1000 Cc. 
It is used for the same purposes as tincture of 
nux vomica. T. io'di*, tincture of iodine, the 


U. S. P. name for a tincture made by dissolving 
70 Gm. of iodine and 50 Gm. of potassium iodide 
in a sufficient quantity of ethyl (not methyl) alco¬ 
hol to make 1000 Cc.: almost exclusively em¬ 
ployed locally. IS* Liquor iodi compositus*. 
When used upon a mucous membrane it should 
be well diluted. Dose, o.i Cc. (i 4 mins.). T. io'di, 
Churchill, Churchill’s tincture of iodine : the 
N. F. name for a tincture made from 2^ tr. ozs. 
of iodine, i tr. oz. of potassium iodide, 4 fl. ozs. 
of water, and enough alcohol to make 16 fl. ozs. 
T. io'di decolora'ta, decolorized tincture of iodine: 
the N. F. name for a tincture prepared from 610 
grs. of iodine, 610 grs. of sodium hyposulphite, 
fl. ozs. of water, 1 fl. oz. of stronger water of 
ammonia, and enough alcohol to make 16 fl. ozs. 
T. ipecacuan'hae et o'pii*, tincture of ipecac and 
opium: made from 1000 Cc. of tincture of de¬ 
odorized opium, 100 Cc. of fluidextract of ipecac, 
and sufficient diluted alcohol to make 1000 Cc. 
It is intended to represent Dover’s powder in a 
liquid form. Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). T. jala'pae, 
tincture of jalap, the 1890 U. S. P. name for a 
tincture made from jalap, in fine powder, 6 tr. 
ozs.; alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quan¬ 
tity to make 2 pints. It possesses the medical 
virtues of jalap. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). T. ki'- 
no*, tincture of kino: made from 50 Gm. of kino, 
10 Gm. purified talc, 150 Cc. glycerin, 650 Cc. 
alcohol, and water a sufficient quantity to make 
1000 Cc. This is used chiefly as an addition to 
cretaceous and other astringent mixtures in 
diarrhoea. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). T. krame'riae*, 
tincture of krameria: made from 200 Gm. of 
krameria, and sufficient diluted alcohol to make 
1000 Cc. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). T. lactuca'rii*, 
tincture of lactucarium: made from 500 Gm. of 
lactucarium (treated with alcohol and purified 
petroleum benzin to remove the lactucerin), 250 
Cc. of glycerin, and sufficient water and diluted 
alcohol to make 1000 Cc. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 

T. lavan'dulae compos'ita*, compound tincture 
of lavender: made from 8 Cc. of oil of lavender 
flowers, 2 Cc, of oil of rosemary, 20 Gm. of Sai¬ 
gon cinnamon, 5 Gm. of cloves, 10 Gm. of nut¬ 
meg, 10 Gm, of red saunders, alcohol, and water 
a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. It is 
much employed as an adjuvant and corrigent of 
other medicines, and as a remedy for nausea, 
flatulence, etc. Dose. 2 Cc. (30 mins.). T. limo'- 
nis corti'cis*, tincture of lemon peel: made from 
500 Gm. of fresh lemon peel, and alcohol to make 
1000 Cc. It is used as a flavoring agent. T. 
lobe'lias*, tincture of lobelia: made from 100 
Gm. of lobelia and sufficient diluted alcohol to 
make 1000 Cc. It possesses the emetic and nar¬ 
cotic properties of lobelia. Dose, as an expecto¬ 
rant, I Cc. (15 mins.); as an emetic, 4 Cc. (i fl. 
dr.). T. mat'ico, tincture of matico: the 1890 

U. S. P, name for a tincture made from 100 Gm. 
of matico and sufficient diluted alcohol to make 
1000 Cc, Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). T. melampo'dii, 
tincture of black hellebore. T. mos'chi*, tinc¬ 
ture of musk: made from 5 Gm, of musk, 45 Cc. 
of alcohol, 45 Cc. of water, and sufficient diluted 
alcohol to make 100 Cc. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.), 
T. myr'rhae*, tincture of myrrh: made from 200 
Gm. of myrrh and a sufficient quantity of alcohol 
to make 1000 Cc. It is used as a local applica¬ 
tion to stimulate indolent ulcers, and, diluted 
with water, is applied to aphthae of the mouth, 
ulcerated sore throat, etc. Dose, i Cc. (15 


• TINCTURA 


1006 


TINCTURA 


mins.). T. nu'cis vom'icae*, tincture of nux 
vomica: the U. S. P. name for a tincture made 
from extract of nux vomica containing 5% of 
STRYCHNiNA*, 20 Gm,; alcohol and water, each, 
a sufficient quantity to make looo Cc. The 
strength of this popular stomachic tonic, as in 
atonic dyspepsia and gastralgia, is, therefore, one* 
tenth of one per cent, of strychnine. Dose, 0.6 
Cc. (10 mins.). T. opii*, tincture of opium; 
laudanum: the U. S. P. name for a tincture made 
from 100 Gm. of granulated opium containing 12 
to 12.5% of crystallizable morphine, and alcohol 
and water, each a sufficient quantity to make 
1000 Cc. One hundred cubic centimetres of this 
tincture, when assayed, should yield not less 
than 1.2%, nor more than 1.25%, of crystalliz¬ 
able morphine. This tincture is used for all the 
purposes to which opium itself is applied. Dose, 
0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). T. o'pii camphora'ta*, cam¬ 
phorated tincture of opium; paregoric: the 
U. S. P. name for a tincture made from 4 Gm. of 
powdered opium, 4 Gm. of benzoic acid, 4 Gm. 
of camphor, 4 Gm. of oil of anise, 40 Cc. of gly¬ 
cerin, and a sufficient quantity of diluted alcohol 
to make looo Cc. It is a pleasant anodyne, 
much used to allay cough, to relieve nausea, 
to check diarrhoea, and in infantile cases to 
procure sleep. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). T. 
o'pii deodora'ti*, tincture of deodorized opium: 
made from 100 Gm. of granulated opium con¬ 
taining 12 to 12.5% of crystallizable morphine, 
75 Cc. of purified petroleum benzene, and alco¬ 
hol and water, a sufficient quantity to make 
1000 Cc. This is an excellent preparation of 
opium, and may be used in all cases, and the 
same doses, in which laudanum is indicated. T. 
papa'veris, tincture of poppy: the N. F. name for 
a tincture prepared from 8 tr. ozs. of poppy cap¬ 
sules, without the seeds, 2 fl. ozs. of glycerin, and 
enough alcohol and water to make 16 fl. ozs. T. 
pectora'lis, pectoral tincture; guttae pectorales; 
pectoral drops; Bateman’s pectoral drops: the 
N, F. name of a tincture prepared from 320 mins, 
of tincture of opium, 240 mins, of compound 
tincture of catechu, 300 mins, of spirit of camphor, 
8 mins, of oil of anise, 120 mins, of caramel, and 
enough diluted alcohol to make 16 fl. ozs. T. 
physostig'matis*, tincture of physostigma: made 
from roo Gm. of physostigma containing 0.15% 
of etherssoluble alkaloids and a sufficient quantity 
of alcohol to make 1000 Cc. Dose, i Cc. (15 
mins.). T. pulsatil'lae, B. P., is used in dysmen- 
orrhoea or amenorrhoea previous to the men¬ 
strual flow in doses of i to 2 Cc. (15 to 30 mins.). 
T. pyr'ethri*, tincture of pyrethrum: made from 
200 Gm. of pyrethrum and a sufficient quantity 
of alcohol to make 1000 Cc. It is a powerful 
local irritant, and is an ingredient in several 
welbknown mouth* and toothswashes. T. quas'- 
siae*, tincture of quassia: made from 200 Gm. of 
quassia and a sufficient quantity of alcohol and 
water to make 1000 Cc. It is a pure and intense 
bitter, and is used as a tonic. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 
mins.). T. quilla'jae*, tincture of quillaja; made 
from 200 Gm. of quillaja, 350 Cc. of alcohol, 
and sufficient water to make 1000 Cc. Used in 
preparing emulsions. T. rhe'i*, tincture of rhu¬ 
barb: made from 200 Gm. of rhubarb, 20 Gm. of 
cardamom, 100 Cc. of glycerin, and sufficient al¬ 
cohol and water to make 1000 Cc. Dose, 4 Cc. 
(i fl. dr.). T. rhe'i aromat'ica*, aromatic tinc¬ 
ture of rhubarb: made from 200 Gm. of rhubarb, 


40 Gm. of Saigon cinnamon, 40 Gm of cloves, 2c 
Gm. of nutmeg. 100 Cc. of glycerin, and a suffi¬ 
cient quantity of alcohol and water to make 1000 
Cc. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). T. rhe'i dul'cis, sweet 
tincture of rhubarb: the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for a tincturfe made from 100 Gm. of rhubarb, 40 
Gm. of glycyrrhiza, 40 Gm. of anise, 10 Gm. of 
cardamom, too Cc' of glycerin, and a sufficient 
quantity of alcohol; water, and diluted alcohol to 
make 1000 Cc. It is preferable to the simple 
tincture for administration to children, on ac¬ 
count of its more agreeable taste. Dose, 4 Cc. (i 
fl. dr.). T. sanguina'riae*, tincture of sanguina- 
ria: made from sanguinaria, 100 Gm.; acetic acid, 
20 Cc.; alcohol and water, each, a sufficient quan¬ 
tity to make 1000 Cc. This tincture is intended 
to act as an alterative or expectorant. It is use¬ 
ful in atonic dyspepsia, acute bronchitis, and 
chronic nasal catarrh. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). 
T, sapo'nis vir'idis, ^-linimentum saponis mol¬ 
lis*. T. scil'lae*, tincture of squill; made from 
100 Gm. of squill, and a sufficient quantity of 
alcohol and water to make 1000 Cc. It is diu¬ 
retic and expectorant, and possesses all the 
virtues of squill. Dose, i Cc. (15 mins.). T. 
serpenta'riae*, tincture of serpentaria: made 
from 200 Gm. of serpentaria and a sufficient 
quantity of alcohol and water to make 1000 Cc. 
It possesses in some degree the properties of the 
root, but is little other than an alcoholic stimu¬ 
lant. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). T. simu'lo, an 
antiepileptic prepared from the seeds of Cappa'ris 
coria'cea. Dose, 2 to 4 Cc. (30 to 60 mins.). 
T. stramo'nii*, tincture of stramonium: pre¬ 
pared from 100 Gm. of stramonium containing 
not less than 0.35% of mydriatic alkaloids, and 
diluted alcohol a sufficient quantity to make 
1000 Cc. This preparation affords a favorite 
method of administering stramonium. Dose, 
0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). T. stramo'nii sem'inis*, tincture 
of stramonium seed: the 1890 U. S. P. name for T. 
stramonii*. T. strophan'thi, tincture of stro- 
phanthus: prepared from 100 Gm. of strophanthus 
and sufficient alcohol and water to make 1000 
Cc. The strength of this tincture is now double 
that of the 1890 U. S. P. Dose, 5 Cc. (8* mins.). 
T. sum'bul, tincture of sumbul: the 1890 U. S. P. 
name for a tincture made from 100 Gm. of sum¬ 
bul and a sufficient quantity of alcohol and 
water to make 1000 Cc. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 
T. toluta'na*, tincture of Tolu: made from 200 
Gm. of balsam of Tolu and a sufficient quantity 
of alcohol to make 1000 Cc. It may be employed 
as an addition to expectorant mixtures in 
chronic catarrhal affections. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 
mins.). T. valeria'nas*, tincture of valerian: 
made from valerian, 200 Gm.; alcohol and water, 
each, a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. It 
possesses the properties of valerian, but cannot 
be given in some cases without stimulating too 
highly, in consequence of the large proportion of 
spirit. Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.). T. valeria'nae 
ammonia'ta*, ammoniated tincture of valerian: 
made from 200 Gm. of valerian and a sufficient 
quantity of aromatic spirit of ammonia to make 
1000 Cc. This tincture is employed as an anti- 
spasmodic in hysteria and other nervous affec¬ 
tions. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). T. vanil'lae*, 
tincture of vanilla: made from vanilla, cut into 
small pieces and bruised, 100 Gm.; sugar, in 
coarse powder, 200 Gm.; alcohol and water, each, 
a sufficient quantity to make 1000 Cc. It is used 


TIRCTURATION 


1007 


TIT 


as a flavoring agent and to make vanilla syrup. 

vera'tri*, tincture of veratrum: made from 
ICO Gm. of veratrum viride and a sufficient 
quantity of alcohol to make looo Cc. The 
strength of this tincture has been diminished to 
one-fourth that of the 1890 U.S.P. A better 
preparation for the administration of veratrum is 
the fluidextract. Dose, r Cc. (15 mins.). T. 
vera'tri vir'idis, the 1890 U. vS. P. name for T. 
veratri, but containing 40 Gm. of veratrum viride 
to the 100 Cc. T. vibur'ni op'uli compos'ita, com¬ 
pound tincture of viburnum: an antispasmodic 
and uterine*sedative preparation of the N. F. 
Dose, 4 Cc. (i fl. dr.), representing 0.25 Gm. 
(4 grs.) each of viburnum opulus and dioscorea 
(wild yam), with Scutellaria and aromatics. T. 
zingib'eris*, tincture of ginger: made from 200 
Gm. of ginger and a sufficient quantity of alcohol 
to make 1000 Cc. Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). 

tinc-tu-ra'tion. The preparation of a tincture. 

tinc'ture. = Tinctura. Mother t. ; Bestu- 
cheff’s t. (= TINCTURA FERRI CHLORIDI ..ETHEREA) ; 
Fleming’s t. of aconite; Golden t. ; Huxham’s 
t. (= tinctura cinchona composita*); Nor¬ 
wood’s T. ; Warburg’s t. (= tinctura antiperi- 
odica) ; Whytt’s t. 

tin'e a, pi. -ce. i. Ringworm. T. axilla'ris, ring¬ 
worm of the axilla. T. bar'bae = T. sycosis. 
T. cap^itis, tinea of the head; pityriasis capitis. 
T. circina'ta, ts- T. sycosis. T. cru'ris, ringworm 
on the inner side of the thighs and perineum. It 
has various local names, as Dhobie itch. T. im- 
brica'ta, a severe form of T. trichophyti'na, occur¬ 
ring in the East Indies; Tokelau ringworm. It 
is marked by an eruption of large circles and by 
The formation of scales. T. ke'rion, ringworm 
of the scalp, with inflammatory symptoms, for¬ 
mation of pustules, etc. T. syco'sis, T. ton'- 
surans, T. trichophyti'na, a contagious disease 
of the skin, caused by Trichophy'ton ton'surans, 
ringworm. It is attended with itching, and ap¬ 
pears on various parts of the body as reddish 
circles, which grow paler toward the centre, 
assuming an annular form. When it occurs on 
the body or limbs, it is called Tin'ea circina'ta, of 
which a severe variety is the Tin'ea circina'ta 
trop'ica, the Burmese, Indian, or Oriental ring¬ 
worm; on the scalp, Tin'ea ton'surans; on the 
beard, Tin'ea syco'sis. Painting of the affected 
part with tincture of iodine, and then exposing it 
to the fumes of formaldehyde gas, is an excellent 
treatment. T. un'guium, ringworm of the nails, 
causing them to become opaque and brittle. 2. 
Almost any pustular contagious disease of the 
skin but especially one due to a vegetable para¬ 
site, T. aminanta'cea, T. asbesti'na, seborrhoea. 
T. decal'vans, alopecia areata. T. favo'sa = favus. 
T. furfura'cea, seborrhoea sicca. T. lupino'sa — 
favus. T. nodo'sa, trichorrhexis nodosa. T. 
polo'nica = plica polonica. T. tarsi, blepharitis. 
T. ve'ra, favus. T. versicolor — pityriasis ver¬ 
sicolor. 3. A genus of small moths. 

ting'i-ble. Capable of being stained. 

ting'ling. A thrilling or prickling sensation, as 
when the ulnar nerve is struck at the elbow. 

dnk'ling. A metallic sound resembling the ringing 
of a small bell, or the clinking of coin. When 
heard with the breathing in pneumothorax over 
a large pulmonary cavity, tinnimen'tum metaV- 
licum; the tintement m^tallique of the French. 
cs - Bouilland’s t. 

tin-ni'tus. A ringing, or tinkling; susurrus aurium. 


tar SoNiTUs. T. au'rium, ringing of the ears; 
subjective sounds of ringing, singing, etc., heard 
in the ears, due to disturbance of the intralaby- 
rinthine pressure from disease of the inner and 
middle ears, or to disturbance of the auditory 
nerve and its connections (Nervous t.). lar Me- 
ni^:re’s disease. Telephone t., tinnitus due to 
constant use of the telephone, 
tin-tom'e-ter. A graded set of glasses or liquids 
used for matching a color, as of the blood, 
tip. Extremity; point; apex, as the top of the ear, 
of the nose, or of the tongue. T. of shoulder, the 
acromion. i»-Woolner’s t. 
tipsfoot. A popular name for talipes equinus. 
ti-quer. One affected with a tic. [Fr.] 
tire. Exhaustion; fatigue. 

tireballe (tir-bal), tirefond (tir-fofi). Corkscrew® 
like instruments for removing foreign bodies, 
elevating depressed portions of bone, etc. 
tires. Milkssickness. 

tiring. The passing of a wire around the fragments 
of a broken bone, as the patella, 
tisane (ti-zan). A decoction or infusion of slightly 
medicinal substances, much employed in France: 
formerly applied, for the most part, to a decoc¬ 
tion of barley. T. de feltz (felts), a cutaneous 
remedy prepared from sarsaparilla, crude anti¬ 
mony, and isinglass, cs- Ptisan. 
tis'ic, tis'i-cal. — Phthisis, phthisical. 
tis'sue. A web®like structure; a collection of 
cells, or elements, of a constant structure and 
function, which although modified by situation, 
etc., may be always clearly identified. Tissues 
may be conveniently classified as follows: (i) 
Those of covering (and secretion), including the 
epithelia. (2) Those of connection and support, 
including the members of the great group of 
connective tissues, as embryonic connective 
tissue, mucoid tissue, adenoid {reticular or lym¬ 
phoid ) tissue, fibrous or areolar tissue,* bone^, car¬ 
tilage^, faU, muscle::, and endothelial tissue. 
Blood and lymph constitute a special group of 
connective tissues often regarded as tissues of nu¬ 
trition. (3) Tissues of motion, represented by 
muscle, also belong genetically to the connective* 
tissue group, since muscle, in common with all 
other members of the connective*tissue group, is 
derived from the mesoderm. (4) Tissues of irri¬ 
tability, as represented by nerve*cells and fibres. 
The epithelial tissues are derived mostly from 
the ectoderm and the entoderm: those of the 
genitosurinary tract (down to the bladder), how¬ 
ever, are derivations of the mesoderm. (For 
other varieties of tissue, see the adjectives.) T.s 
conduction, conduction of sound through the 
tissues of the head to the internal ear; bone* 
conduction. T.selement, any welbdefined struc¬ 
ture, as a cell or a fibre, which combined with 
other similar structures forms a body*tissue; 
anatomical element ; morphological element. 
T.slymph, lymph derived from the tissues. T.s 
metamorphosis, change in the structure of tissue, 
either constructive or destructive, ar Catabolism ; 
METABOLISM. T. remedies, the tw'elve homa?o- 
pathic remedies which, in the system of bio¬ 
chemistry of Schiissler, make up the mineral 
basis of the body, viz., CaFj, Ca3(P04)2, CaS04, 
FePO^, KCl, K^HPOg, KjSO^, Mg3(P04)2, NaCl, 
NajHPOg, NagSOg, and SiOj. T.srespiration, res¬ 
piration by the tissues. T.sspaces, ^ la cun.® of 

CONNECTIVE TISSUE. * 

tit. The nipple; a teat. 


TITANIUM 


1008 


TOLUENE 


ti-ta'ni um. A hard metal discovered by Klaproth 
1111795: at. wt,, 47.7; symb., Ti; sp. gr., 5.8. It 
is used as a mordant, and in the preparation of 
titanium bronze, ti-tan'ic acid, Ti02, 

occurring in three forms, brookite, octahedrite, and 
rutile, tit-a-nif'e-rous. 
tith'ine. A nurse, [< nurse.] 
ti-tho-nic'i-ty. = Actinism. 
tit-il-la'tion. Tickling. 

ti-tra'tion. Volumetric analysis by means of solu¬ 
tions of known strength, Normal solution. 

fti'trate. 

tit-u-ba'tion. i. A staggering or stumbling gait. 
T. lin'guae, stammering. 2. Brownian move¬ 
ment. [< L. tiiuba're to stagger.] 

Tizzoni’s test (tid-z6'niz). A test for the presence 
of iron in tissues, made by treating a section of 
the tissue with a 2% solution of potassium ferro- 
cyanide, and then with a solution of hydro¬ 

chloric acid, when the tissue will be stained a 
blue color if iron be present. 

Tl. Chemical symbol for thallium. 
tlalsahuate (tlal-sa-hwa'te). =Tetranychus tlal- 

SAHUATE. 

Tn. Abbr, for normal intra^ocular tension, T. 
tosandsfro respiration. = Intrinsic respiration. 
T. sound, a friction=sound heard on auscultation 
in pleuritis and pericarditis, 
toad'stool. Any poisonous mushroom, especially 
species of Amani'ta. 

toast water. Water in which toasted bread has 
been soaked: often given as a drink to patients 
suffering with fever. 

to-bac'co. The dried leaves of Nicotia'na taba'cum, 
a solanaceous plant. Tobacco unites with the 
powers of a sedative narcotic those of an emetic 
and a diuretic. Taken moderately, it calms rest¬ 
lessness, and produces a state of general languor, 
or repose, which has great 
charms for those accustomed 
to its use. In large quanti¬ 
ties, however, it causes ver¬ 
tigo, stupor, fainting, nausea, 
vomiting, amaurosis, deaf¬ 
ness, and general debility of 
the nervous and circulatory 
functions. Numerous cases 
are on record of its incautious 
use having been followed by 
a fatal termination (to-bac'- 
co-ism; to-bac-co'sis). i^Ni- 
coTiANA. T. amblyopia, am¬ 
blyopia, or dimness of vision, 
caused by excessive use of to¬ 
bacco. Amblyopi.-v nico- 
TiNicA. T.sbag operation or 
suture=STOLTz’s operation. 

T. dyspepsia = NicoTiANic 
DYSPEPSIA. T. habit, the con¬ 
tinued and excessive use of 
tobacco. T. heart, a disturbed 
state of the heart, with palpi¬ 
tation and often hypertrophy, 
induced by excessive tobaccos 
smoking. Indian t. = lobe¬ 
lia*. T. ointment, an oint¬ 
ment made by percolating one hundred and 
twenty grains of tobacco, in powder, with water, 
evaporating, and mixing the extract with four 
troy ounces of lard. T.spoisoning = nicotinism. 
T.spouch operation = Stoltz’s operation. T. 
wine, a preparation made by macerating two 


hundred and forty grains of tobacco with eight 
fluidounces of white wine, and filtering. 
To-boldt’s apparatus. A form of illuminating appa¬ 
ratus used with a laryngoscope, 
to-ca-rex'i a. Obstetrics. 

toch'il. An incurable, infectious disease of Korea; 

Korean earth disease: now seen in America, 
toc'o-dy-na-mom'e-ter. An arrangement for meas¬ 
uring the force of the uterine contractions during 
labor; to-com'e-ter. ftoc'o-graph. 
to-col'o-gy. That branch of medicine which treats 
of parturition; obstetrics, 
to-co-ma'ni a. Puerperal mania, 
to-co-phe'li a. An arrangement of abdominal and 
sacral pads to relieve the pains of labor. 

Todda'lia aculea'ta or T. asiat'ica. A species of 
rutaceous shrubs, having medicinal properties, 
tod'dy. I. Palmswine, prepared by fermentation 
from palmssugar. This is obtained from many 
species and genera of palmstrees, among which 
are the Boras'sus, Co'cos nucif'era, Phee'nix, 
Aren'ga, Sague'rus, and Raph'ia vinif'era. a. 
Sweetened spirit and water, often with nutmeg, 
toe. A digit of the foot; digitus pedis'*': they be¬ 
come differentiated in the foetus in the sixth 
week. Hammerst. ; Morton’s t. T.sclonus, 
rhythmical contraction of the great toe, caused 
by suddenly extending the first phalanx. T.s 
drop, inability to lift the toes or the anterior por¬ 
tion of the foot. T.snail ulcer, onychia maligna 
affecting the great toe. Ingrowing nail. T.s 
phenomenon, toe=extension when the sole of the 
foot is stimulated. T.sreflex, involuntary flexion 
of the foot and leg, and even of the thigh, in¬ 
duced by forced flexion of the great toe, the 
patient lying on the back with the legs extended, 
toi'let. The cleansing and washing of a wound 
after operation: especially, the cleansing of the 
peritoneum after laparotomy, 
toise (toiz). A French measure of about two yards. 
Toisson’s solution (twa-sohs). A solution for dilut¬ 
ing blood for study: it stains the leucocytes and 
is made of methyl violet, 0.025 Gm.; sodium 
chloride, i Gm.; sodium sulphate, 8 Gm.; neu¬ 
tral glycerin, 30 Cc.; and water, 160 Cc. 
to-kay', to-kai- A sweet, heavy Hungarian wine 
To'ke-lau ringworm. A severe variety of Tinea 
iMBRic.\TA attended with much scaliness seen in 
the islands of the South Pacific Ocean, 
to'ko-. For words so commencing, see toco-. 
to'lane. Diphenylacetylene, Cj4Hiq. 
to'lene.^ A hydrocarbon, contained in bal¬ 

sam of Tolu. 

toFe-rance. A term employed by Rasori to denote 
the power of bearing large doses of powerful 
medicines or of anything affecting the organism. 

^ Immunity. ftoFe-rant; tol-e-ra'tion. 
to'li-dine. A substance used in dye manufacture, 
to'li-dol. A photographic developer. 

Tol'len’s test. i. A silver test for aldehyde. 2. A 
phloroglucin test for pentose. 
toFphite. An English proprietary talcum, 
to'lu. Balsamum tolutanum*. 
toTu-ene. A hydrocarbon, CyHg, obtained by the 
dry distillation of tolu or from coal tar; toluol; 
methylbenzol; phenylmethane; methylbenzene; 
benzylic hydride; used in the making of dyes, 
artificial musk, solvents, etc. From it is derived 
to'luic acid, CgHgOg, any of three white crystalline 
isomeric substances, and to-lu'i-din, C7H9N, 
any one of the three isomeric substances known 
as meta*, ortho*, and paratoluidine. Tolui- 



Microscopical Ap¬ 
pearance OF To¬ 
bacco Stem. 


TOLXnFERA 


1009 


TONOMETER 


dine blue, zincschloride double salt of dimeth- 
yltoluthionine: it is used in ophthalmology for 
its antiseptic properties like methylene blue and 
in detecting corneal defects like fluorescein. 
To-lu-if'e-ra. A genus of the natural order Legumi- 
no'scs; Myrosper'mmn. T. bal'samum, Myrox'ylon 
toluif'era, the tree which affords balsamum iolu- 
tanum. ftol-u-if'e-rous. 
to'lu-ol. = Toluene. 
to-lu-quin'one. A homologue of quinone. 
to-lu'ric acid. A crystalline substance, CjgHjjNOg, 
found in the urine after injection of toluic acid, 
to-lu'y-lene. =Stilbene. T. red, histological stain; 
neutral red. 

to-lu'y-lene-di'a-mine. A poisonous substance hav¬ 
ing marked destructive action on the red blood* 
corpuscles: used in physiological experiments, 
to-ly-py'rine, to-lyl-an-ti-py'rine. A colorless, crys¬ 
talline substance, Cj2Hj4N20, a homologue of anti- 
pyrine; tolylantipyrine; beta=tolyl*dimethylspy- 
razolon: used like antipyrine. The salicylate, 
C,2Hi4N20.C7Hg02, is known as to'ly-sal. 
tom toe. The great toe; pollex; hallux, 
to-ma'to. Lycoper'sicum esculen'tum or its fruit, 
which is said to be of some benefit in sore mouth, 
canker, etc., but the continued eating of which 
may cause stomatitis. 

tom'bac. An alloy of copper and arsenic; white 
copper. 

-tome. A suffix denoting a cutting instrument, as 
TENOTOME. [ < re/zwiF to cut.] f-tomic. 
tomen'tum cer'ebri. A term applied to the very 
numerous small vessels (supposed to resemble the 
fibres of wool) on the inside of the pia mater and 
penetrating the cortical substance of the brain. 
Tomes’s fibres. The branching portions of the odon¬ 
toblasts of a tooth, occupying the dentinal canals, 
tom-o-ma'ni a. The cutting mania of certain 
surgeons, or eagerness to use the knife in cases 
which could be cured without operation, 
tom-o-to'ci a. Caesarean section. 

-tom'y. A suffix denoting incision, cut, or operation, 
as tenotomy, the cutting of a tendon, 
tone. I. Tension; tenor; the renitency and elastic¬ 
ity of each tissue in a healthy state. In medicine, 
tension or firmness. 2. The particular quality of 
any sound, as HearUtones, the sounds elicited by 
ausculting the heart. 3. The quality of the voice 
as modified by the feelings of the speaker. T.scolor, 
quality of a musical note, Timbre. T.ssense, 
the sense by which different tones are distinguished 
from each other. T.sdeafness, lack of power to 
recognize musical sounds; sensory amusia. 
ton'ga. A preparation of barks, made by the natives 
of the Fiji Islands; said to be prepared from Prem'- 
na taiten'sis and Raphidoph'ora viiien'sis. ^ Ton- 
GiNE. Recommended for neuralgia. Dose of fluid 
extract, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). T.sbean = tonka bean. 
tong'a-line. A proprietary preparation said to con¬ 
tain tonga, cimicifuga, colchicine salicylate, and 
pilocarpine salicylate: used for gout, sciatica, rheu¬ 
matism, and neuralgia, 
ton'gine. An alkaloid from tonga. 
tongs. A grasping instrument, as Crucible t. (See 
illustration, next column.) 
tongue. The muscular organ attached to the floor 
of the mouth; lingua^: it is protrusible, assists 
in mastication, articulation, and sucking, and 
contains the terminations of the nerves of taste. 
The tongue is developed from the floor of the 
pharynx. Some abnormalities of the tongue 
are Adherent (— ankyloglossia). Bifid, Black, 
61 



Crucible Tongs. 


Clarke’s, Cleft (= bifid). Coated, Dotted, Dry 
(= xerostomia). Earthy, Fern*leaf, Filmy, 
Furred, Geographical {mapped), Hairy, Par¬ 
rot, Plastered, RcdH. fever 
(= typhus). Shaggy (== hairy). 

Smoker’s, Split (= bifid), 

Stamp=licker’ s, Stippled, Straw¬ 
berry, Triangle of the, and 
Wooden, Koplik’s sign. 

Syphilitic (= Clarke’s t.). T.s 
andsgroove suture = plastic 
SUTURE. T.sbone, the hyoid 
bone. T.scompressor, a clamp 
for holding down the tongue dur¬ 
ing operations on the mouth. T.s 
depressor, an instrument for 
holding the tongue down in ex¬ 
aminations of the throat. T.s 
holder=T.sDEPREssoR. T.sswal- 
lowing, a condition in which the 
tongue slips back into the throat, 
causing symptoms of suffocation. 

T.stie = ANKYLOGLOSSIA. T.s 
traction, the rhythmic pulling in 
and out of the tongue in resusci¬ 
tation from drowning, chloro¬ 
form narcosis, etc. T.sworm = Linguatula. 

ton'ic. I. Improving or strengthening the tone of 
the system. 2. An agent having the above ef¬ 
fect. 3. Contracting continuously. Tonics are 
distinguished as Cardiac, those increasing the 
tone of the heart, such as digitalis, strychnine, 
and strophanthus ; Digestive, those increasing 
the tone of the stomach {Stomachic tonics) or in¬ 
testines {Intestinal tonics), including alcohol, hy¬ 
drochloric acid, pepsin, and the vegetable bitters; 
General, those giving tone to the whole system, 
exercise, cold baths, electricity, and change of 
air; Haematic, those improving the quality of 
the blood, as iron, arsenic, and quinine; Nervine, 
those increasing the tone of the nervous system, 
as strychnine, phosphorus, arsenic, quinine, and 
electricity; and Vascular, those increasing the 
tone of the blood*vessels, as ergot, digitalis, 
strychnine, and belladonna. T. treatment, i. 
Treatment of a disease by the use of tonics. 2. 
A method of treating syphilis by the continued 
use of yellow mercurous iodide for two or three 
years, fto-nic'i-ty, as arterial t., the contractility 
of the muscular fibres in the walls of the arteries 
induced by a stimulus, ton'i-cize. 

Ton'ka (Ton'quin) bean. The seed of various species 
of Dtp'/eryic; coumarouna bean; snuff bean. Its 
active principle (coumarin) is narcotic. 

ton'ol. A trade name for a glycerophosphate, as of 
calcium, iron, or strychnine. 

ton'o-graph. An apparatus for recording the ten¬ 
sion of the blood*cur- 
rent in the arteries by 
means of a tracing 
known as a ton'o- 
gram. 

to-nom'e-ter. i. An in¬ 
strument for measur¬ 
ing the number of 
sonorous vibrations 
given by bodies in a 
unit of time. 2. An in¬ 
strument contrived to 
measure the degree of tension 
Gartner’s t., a variety of finger 

METER. 



ScHiOTz’s Tonometer, 
def. 2. 


of the eyeball. 
sphygmomano- 








TONOMETRY 


1010 


TOOTH 


to-nom'e-try. The measurement of the tension in 
an organ or part. 

ton'o-phant. An instrument for detecting sound* 
vibrations. 

ton'o-plast. An intercellular body, 
ton'o-psy-cha-go'gi a. Restoration of mental vigor. 
Ton'quin bean. — Tonka bean. 
ton'qui-nol. —Musk baur. 

ton'sil. I. A small, oval, almond*shaped, lymphoid 
organ containing crypts (fossulae* or follicles) de¬ 
veloped from the second visceral clefts and situ¬ 
ated on each side in the recess between the pil¬ 
lars or arches of the fauces • faucial tonsil; tonsilla 
palatind^. T. guillotine, m- guillotine. Lin¬ 
gual t., a small mass of lymphoid tissue at the 
base of the tongue; tonsilla lingualis*. Lusch- 
ka’s, Epipharyngeal, Pharjmgeal, Gerlach’s tubal, 
or Third t., Luschka’s tonsil. 2. Either 
of a pair of small lobes on the inferior surface 
of the cerebellum, extending into the fourth 
ventricle; tonsilla cerebelli*', tonsil of the cere¬ 
bellum; amygdala; tonsillar lobe. [< L. ton¬ 
sil'la.] fton'sil-lar, ton'sil-la-ry, or ton-sil-lit'- 
ic, as T. artery. i. A branch from the as¬ 
cending palatine artery to the tonsil and the 
eustachian tube. 2. A branch from the facial 
artery to the tonsil and the root of the tongue: 
T. lobe, tar tonsil, def. 2: T. plexus, a nerve=. 
plexus situated near the tonsil, derived from the 
glossopharyngeal and distributed to the tonsil, 
the soft palate, and the fauces; circulus tonsillaris: 
and T. recess, a triangular space betw’een the 
anterior and posterior pillars of the fauces. 
ton-silTa, pi. Ice. — Tonsil. [L.] 
ton-sil-lec'to-my. The removal of a tonsil, 
ton-sil-li'tis. Inflammation of the tonsils, espe¬ 
cially the palatine; sore throat; angina tonsil¬ 
laris; amygdalitis, Quinsy {acute parenchy¬ 
matous t., phlegmonous or suppurative t .); diphthe¬ 
ria. Acute catarrhal t. occurs along with acute 
catairhal pharyngitis, and has the same symp¬ 
toms. Chronic catarrhal t. is connected with in¬ 
flammation of the follicles, and results in perma¬ 
nent enlargement of the tonsil. Follicular t., 
tonsillitis with involvement of the follicles. Her¬ 
petic t., HERPETIC. Lacunar t., follicular t. 
Mycotic t., tonsillitis due to fungous parasites. 
Necrotic t., tonsillitis in which there is a grayish* 
white discoloration of the mucous membrane due 
to necrosis. Preglottic t., inflammation of the 
lingual tonsil. Pustular t., tonsillitis attended by 
the formation of pustules, 
ton-sil'lo-lith, ton'sil-lith. A calculus of the tonsil, 
ton-sil'lo-tome. An instrument for cutting out the 
whole or a part of the tonsil, 
ton-sil-lot'o-my. Excision of more or less of the 
tonsil: sometimes followed by a rash, 
to'nus. The state of tension; energy. iv To¬ 
nicity; RIGIDITY, 
toohutia (tu-hu'shi-a). Dengue, 
tooth, pi. teeth. The teeth are .small, bone*like 
structures fixed in the alveolar cavities of the 
upper and lower jaws, and are developed from 
the dermis or true skin. They are designed for 
the purpose of seizing, cutting, tearing, or grind¬ 
ing the various articles which form the food of 
animals, and in the human subject are composed 
of two sets. The teeth of the first dentition 
(temporary, shedding, or deciduous teeth; milk* 
teeth; den'tes decid'ui) are twenty in number, 
and consist in each jaw of four incisors, two 
canines, and four molars, of which the central 


incisors appear first about the 7 th month. They 
are shed between the ages of seven and fourteen, 
and their places supplied by the permanent or 


2 



Upper and Lower Permanent Teeth, Exterior 
View.— 1. First incisors. 2. Canines. 3. First pre¬ 
molars. 4. Middle molars. 

adult teeth, thirty*two in number,—that is, six¬ 
teen in each jaw. They consist of four kinds. 
I. Inciso'res (“cutting” or “ incisor ” teeth), of 
which there are eight (four in each jaw). 2. 
Canines or cuspida'ti (“ pointed ” or “ cuspidate ” 
teeth), four in number. m-Eye-teeth; Stomach^ 
teeth. 3. Premolars or bicuspida'ti or bicus'pides 
( “ twospointed,” “ bicuspidate,” or “ bicuspid ” 
teeth), eight in number. 4. Mola'res (“grind¬ 
ing” or “molar” teeth), of which there are 



67 89 

The Temporary Teeth of One Side. — i, 2. Upper 
and lower incisors. 3. Upper and lower canines. 4, 
5. Upper and lower molars. 6, 7. TrituratinR surface 
of the lower molars. 8, 9. Triturating surface of the 
upper molars. 

twelve, six in each jaw’. The first molar appears 
at the fifth to seventh year, and the third molar 
is the wisdom tooth (dens sapientiae), which 
erupts about the iSth year. The body and cor¬ 
onal part of the tooth consist of a very hard and 
firm bone*like texture, termed dentin, that part 
which projects from the alveolus, called the 
CORONA, or crown, being covered with enamel. 













TOOTHACHE 


1011 


TORRICELLIAN VACUUM 


a semis vitreous substance, which is originally 
thickest in those parts which are most exposed 
to friction. The enamel consists of extremely 
minute hexagonal columns radiating from the 
centre toward the surface of the tooth. When 
the tooth first emerges from the gum, the crown 
is covered with a very thin epithelial layer known 
as Nasmyth’s membrane, while the root (fang; 
odontorrhize) is invested by a layer of cementum, 
the minute structure of which corresponds almost 
exactly to that of bone. The former is soon re¬ 
moved by attrition from the crown of the tooth, 
while the latter becomes continuous through life 
to form the covering of the fang or root. The 
lower portion and roots of the teeth contain a 
cavity (pulp^cavity; cavum dentis*) filled with 
the denial pulp {pulpa deniis*), which consists of 
a filament of nerve, with an accompanying artery 
and vein, joined together by connective tissue. 

Dental; caries; tartar; Riggs’s disease; 
pulp; TEETH. T.sbone = DENTIN. T.=cough, are- 
flex cough due to irritation of the teeth. Tooths 
drawer, a dentist. Toothsforceps, strong forceps 
of various shapes employed in the extraction of 
teeth. T.sgerm = DENTAL GERM. T.skey, an old* 
fashioned instrument, turning like a key, for ex¬ 
tracting teeth. T.spaste, a dentifrice in the form 
of paste. T.splugger, a dentist’s instrument for 
filling teeth, Plugger. T.spolypus, a polypus 
in the pulp of a carious tooth. T.spaste, a paste 
for cleansing the teeth. T.spowder, a powder used 
in cleaning the teeth. T.srash, any eruption syn¬ 
chronous with teething; strophulus. T.ssac, 
the sac of connective tissue containing the tooth* 
germ of the developing tooth. T.=tree = Aralia 
SPINOSA. T.swash, a liquid for cleaning the teeth, 
ftoothed, having tooth'like ( = odontoid) pro¬ 
jections on the edge, as T. vertebra, the axis, 
tooth'ache. = Odontalgia. 
tooth'brush. A brush for cleansing the teeth, 
tootspoison. A poison from Coria'ria sarmento'sa of 
New Zealand; said to cause impaired memory, 
top milk. The upper portion of the milk after the 
cream has collected on its surface. T. yeast, the 
yeast found on the surface of fermenting liquids, 
top-aes-the'si a. Determination of locality by touch, 
to-pal'gi a, top-o-al'gi a. A form of neurasthenia in 
which a pain in some particular spot is the sole 
symptom: it may be due to trauma, 
to'phus, pi. tophi. Literally, a loose or porous stone: 
—applied to the calcareous matter which collects 
on the sides of vessels in which water is boiled; 
also to the calcareous matter in the joints of 
those affected with the gout (T. arihrit'icus) or 
in other parts of the body, as in the auricle; 
likewise to the tartar on the teeth {dental t.). In 
surgery, a swelling particularly affecting a bone 
or the periosteum, as T. syphilit'icus, a syphilitic 
node, especially common on the tibia, cranium, 
and sternum. [L.] fto-pha'ce ous, of a sandy 
nature, as T. concretion = chalk*stone. 
to-phy-per-i-dro'sis. Excessive local sweating, 
top'ic. = Topical. 

top'i-ca. Medicines used locally and externally, 
top'i-cal. Pertaining to a particular part or situa¬ 
tion of the body; local; topographical. T. blood¬ 
letting, abstraction of blood by cupping, leeching, 
or scarification. T. diagnosis = topographical 
DIAGNOSIS. T. disease == local disease. T. 
remedy, a remedy for local application. 

Topinard’s facial angle (to-pi-n^rz). =Ophryo- 
SPINAL angle. T.’s line, a line extending be¬ 


tween the most prominent point of the chin and 
the middle of a line joining the most* prominent 
points of the superciliary arches, 
to-pog'ra-phy. A description of a place or region, 
ttop-o-graph'i-cal, as T. anatomy, anatomy: 
and T. diagnosis, the determination of the loca¬ 
tion of a disease; regional or topical diagnosis, 
to-pol'o-gy. I. Topographical anatomy. 2. Rela.- 
tion of the presenting part to the birth canal, 
top’o-nar-co'sis. Anaesthesia of a particular region., 
top'o-neu-ro'sis. Neurosis of a particular region, 
top'o-nym. The name of a region as distinguished 
from an organ, fto-pon'o-my, terminology re¬ 
lating to the position and direction, 
top-o-pho'bi a. Dread of particular places. 
top*o-ther-maes-the-si-om'e-ter. An apparatus to 
determine the local heat*sense. 
tor'cular heroph'ili. “ Herophilus’s wine=press,” a 
venous sinus over the internal occipital protuber¬ 
ance into which the superior longitudinal, lateral, 
posterior occipital, and straight sinuses empty; 
confluens sinuum*. T. tourniquet = Spanish 
WINDLASS. [< L. iorque're to twist, to torture.] 
to'ric. Torus. 

to'ril. A proprietary extract of beef, 
tor'men. Singular of tormina. 
tor'ment. A racking pain; applied to iliac passion, 
on account of its severity. 

Tormentil'la. i. Tormentil, a genus of rosaceous 
plants. 2, The rhizome of Poientil'la iormeniil'la: 
a simple and powerful astringent used in dysen¬ 
tery and in topical applications. T. erec'ta, the 
former name for Poientil'la tormentil'la. 
tor-men'tum. Severe pain or griping. [L.] 
tor'mi-na, pi. of tor'men. Severe griping or twist¬ 
ing pains in the bowels; dysentery. T. al'vi, 
colic. T. cel'si, dysentery. Post=partum t., the 
after*pains of labor. [L.] tfor'mi-nal. 
tor'o-san. A proprietary guaiacoLblood remedy. 
Torn'waldt’s disease. =Thornwaldt’s disease. 
to'rose. Cylindrical, with constrictions and excres¬ 
cences, or bulgings, at intervals, fto-ros'i-ty, 
muscularity; muscular strength, 
tor'pent. i. Not functioning. 2. An agent reduc¬ 
ing irritability, ftor-pes'cence. 
tor'pid. In a state of torpor or numbness; incapa¬ 
ble of action, or deprived of sensibility. T. shock, 
shock with marked depression, -j-tor-pid'i-ty = 
torpor, tor'pi-fy; tor'pi-tude. 
tor'por. Deficient sensation; numbness; torpidity; 
lack of response to ordinary stimuli, etc., espe¬ 
cially physical as opposed to psychical. T. in- 
testino'rum, “torpidity of the intestines,” con¬ 
stipation. T. ret'inae, diminished response of the 
retina to luminous stimuli, ttor-po-rif'ic. 
tor-re-fac'tion, tor-re-fi-ca'tion. The act of drying 
or roasting; the exposing of an organic substance 
to the action of fire, in order to deprive it of 
moisture or volatile matter, or to oxidize it. 
ftor-re-fac'tus, roasted, tor're-fied, as T. bread, 
bread toasted until it is nearly black: and T. 
rhubarb, rhubarb which has been roasted, its 
cathartic properties being thereby diminished. 
Torrey'a. A genus of evergreen trees of the order 
Conif'erce or Taxa'cece, containing a ruminated 
albumin and comprising several species, natives, 
of China, Japan, and the United vStates, as T. 
ftucif'era of Japan, T. calijor'nica, nutmeg tree, 
and T. taxifo'lia, of Florida, 
torricellian vacuum (tor-t-sri'i-qn). The vacuum 
produced by inverting a tube of sufficient length, 
filled with mercury or any other fluid, in a vessel 


TORRID 


1012 


TOWNSEND’S MIXTURE 


containing a portion of the same fluid, and 
allowing the fluid in the tube to descend until 
its weight is counterbalanced by that of the 
atmosphere. In this manner the first barome¬ 
ters were formed by Evangelista Torricel'li, an 
Italian physicist, 1608-1647. 
lor'rid. Parched; burned; scorched; hot. 
tor-si-om'e-ter. = Clinometer. 
tor^sion. A twisting: the rotation of an organ or 
member upon one of its axes, as T. of the arteries, 
an expedient resorted to for arresting or prevent¬ 
ing hemorrhage, Contortion ; distortion. 
Thus we have dextrotorsion, levotorsion, extor¬ 
sion, and intorsion. T. angle, the amount of 
twisting in the shaft of a bone. T. balance, i. 
A kind of balance for weighing, the scale=beam 
being supported by metallic ribbons operated by 
torsion, knife=edges being thus avoided. 2. A 
delicate electrometer, so called because its prin¬ 
ciple consists in the torsion or twisting of a single 
fibre of the cocoon of a silkworm* T. forceps, a 
forceps for twisting the end of a divided artery 
to arrest its bleeding. T. fracture, a fracture 
caused by a twisting force, giving the ends of the 
fracture a screw*like appearance. T. of a tooth, 
the twisting of a tooth in its socket for the pur¬ 
pose of correcting irregularity. T. of the um¬ 
bilical cord, the normal spontaneous twisting of 
the umbilical cord, ftor'sive, twisted, 
tor-so-clu'sion. Acupression in which the pin 
is inserted parallel to the artery, then twisted 
round to a position at a right angle with the 
artery, and then inserted into the tissues beyond, 
tort. In law, a private wrong, especially one other 
than breach of contract. 

tor-ti-col'lis. Contraction of one or other of the 
cervical muscles, causing a twisting of the head; 
wry^neck; caput obstipum. Fixed t., torticollis 
due to permanent contraction of the sternomas- 
toid muscle. Intermittent t.=T. spastica. Per¬ 
manent t., torticollis which is either congenital or 
due to injury at birth. Rheumatic t., stiff=neck 
due to rheumatism of the sternomastoid or adja¬ 
cent muscles. T. spas'tica, “spasmodic torti¬ 
collis,” intermittent torticollis due to spasm of 
the cervical muscles, ftor-ti-col'lar. 
tor-tu-a'lis. Tormented; suffering. [L.] 
tor'tu ous. Bent or twisted irregularly, ftor-tu- 
os'i-ty, as of the arteries. 

Tor'ula. A genus of budding fungi. T. cerevis'iae, 
a species of fungus which causes fermentation in 
beer and saccharine substances, and is sometimes 
found in the stomach contents and faeces; 
yeastsplant; Saccharomy'ces cervis'icB. T. ure'ae = 
Streptococcus ure.e. ftor^u-la'ce a, Strep¬ 
tococcus. tor-u'la-form or tor'u-loid. 
tor'uli tactiles. Tactile elevations, as of the skin, 
tor'ulose. Uneven; knobbed; tor'u-lous. 
fo'rus. I. A round swelling or protuberance, spe¬ 
cifically the brawn, or thick part, of the arm or 
teg and the tuber cinereum. T. fronta'lis, a pro¬ 
tuberance in the middle line of the root of the 
nose on the external surface of the skull. T. 
ma'nus, the metacarpus. T. occipita'lis*, a 
rounded edge occasionally seen on the occipital 
bone in the region of the superior curved line. 
T. palati'nus*, a protuberance on the hard palate 
at the union of the intermaxillary and palato¬ 
maxillary sutures. T. tuba'rius*, the tubal pro¬ 
jection of the pharyngeal opening of the eusta- 
chian tube. Tori spira'les = stri.® medullares. 
T. u'teri, a transverse ridge on the median line 


of the uterus where the peritoneum is reflected 
upon the posterior wall of the vagina. 2. The 
receptacle of a flower, ftor'ic* as T. lens, a lens 
made by a cut of a torus parallel to the axis of 
its formation. 

to'tal accommodation. The change produced in 
the refractive power of the eye when the ciliary 
muscle is exerted to its utmost. T. acidity, the 
sum of the free acid and the acid loosely com¬ 
bined with proteid in the gastric juice. T. 
anaesthesia, complete loss of sensation in the 
affected part. T. aphasia, 1®- aphasia. T. cata¬ 
ract, a cataract which has involved the entire lens. 
T. color=blindness, color=blindness in which colors 
cannot be distinguished from each other. T. fa¬ 
cial index, the ophryomental length X 100 by 
the bizygomatic width. T. hypermetropia, T. 
hyperopia, HYPERMETROPiA. T. lesion, a lesion 
which involves the whole of an organ. T. necro¬ 
sis, necrosis occupying the whole thickness of a 
bone. T. ophthalmoplegia, paralysis of the ocular 
muscles, including the iris and ciliary muscles, as 
well as the external muscles of the eyeball. T. 
segmentation = HOLOBLASTic segmentation. T. 
synechia, synechia. 

touch. I. One of the five senses; that sense by which 
we know the physical or palpable qualities of bod¬ 
ies; sensitiveness to pressure, heat, cold, and pain. 
T.sanaesthesia =*TACTILE anesthesia. T.=body, 
T.scorpuscle, or T.scell, e^Meissner’s corpuscle. 
2. Digital examination of an organ or of a part; 
palpation. Some varieties of touch are abdom¬ 
inal, after*, double, RECTAL, royal, VAGINAL, 
and VESICAL, ftouching, i^Adenochirapsolog v. 
touchsmesnot. i. Noli me tangere. 2. Impa- 

TIENS FULVA. 

touchswood. I®- Agaricus quercus. 
tough'ness. General resistance of the body to dis¬ 
ease, fatigue, etc.: opposed to brittleness, 
tour de maitre (tur'd^-me'tr). A manner of pass¬ 
ing a catheter, in which it is first introduced in 
a position with its stem parallel to the thighs and 
between them, and its convexity upward, and 
then by a sweep is brought to the ordinary posi¬ 
tion and carried on into the bladder. 

Tourette’s disease (tu-rcts')* A nervous disease 
characterized by incoordination, convulsions, 
and disorders of speech. [Gilles de la Tourette.] 
tour'ma-line. A mineral used in polarization, 
tourniquet (tffr'm'-cet) An instrument or appli¬ 
ance for compressing forcibly the principal blood* 
vessels, to prevent hemorrhage in amputations, 
wounds, etc.; torcular. The ordinary form (Field 
t.. Ordinary t., Petit’s t., Signorini’s t.) consists of 
a pad held in place by a band and tightened by a 
screw. (See illustration, next page.) Dupuytren’s 
t., a semicircle of metal with a pad at one end, for 
compressing the abdominal aorta. Esmarch’s t., 
an elastic rubber band or tube for encircling a 
limb above the point of application of an elastic 
bandage. Spanish windlass t., a knotted hand¬ 
kerchief or bandage placed around the part, 
pressure being made by the twisting of a stick. 
tous=les=mois (tu-le-mwa). A starch from Can'na 
edu'lis. 1®* Canna. [Fr., “ every month.”] 
toux (tii). Cough. T. convulsive = PERTUSSIS. [Fr.] 
tow. The coarse part of flax: used in dressings. 
Townsend’s mixture (taun'z^ndz). A mixture of 1 
gr. of red mercuric iodide, 300 grs. of potassium 
iodide, 2 fl. ozs. of syrup of orange peel, 2 fl. drs. 
of compound tincture of cardamom, and enough 
water to make 4 fl. ozs. 


TOXA 


1013 


TOXON 


toxa (toc'sa). Diseases caused by poisons. 
Toxaca'ra ca'nis. The common intestinal eeUworm 
of dogs and cats: no inteimediate host is needed. 
Stiles has found the eggs in the house-fly. 



Double-action Alar Tourniquet. (Lalor.) 


tox-ae'mi a. A variety of blood=poisoning in which 
the organisms remaining at the point of entrance, 
as does the Bacil'lus tet'ani, multiply and elaborate 
a toxin, which being absorbed injures the sys¬ 
tem. ftox-ae'mic, as T. = neuritis tox- 

^mica: and T. paralysis, paralysis due to the 
presence of a poison in the blood, 
tox-al-bu'min. A poisonous albumin: toxin; pto¬ 
maine. 

tox-al'bu-mose. Any poisonous albumose. 
tox-a-nae'mi a. Anaemia caused by poison, ftox- 
a-nae'mic. 

tox-en'zyme. Any poisonous enzyme, 
tox'ic, tox'i-cal. Poisonous; relating to, or caused 
by, poisons. T. albumins, an improper name for 
a class of poisons found in snake*venom. T. am¬ 
blyopia, amblyopia from some toxic influence, as 
alcohol or tobacco. T. convulsion, a convulsion 
induced by poison. T. delirium, caused by a 
poison. T. dementia, dementia due to the ex¬ 
cessive use of some poisonous drug, as digitalis. 
T. epilepsy, convulsion from poisoning. T. gastri¬ 
tis, irritation of the mucous membrane of the 
stomach due to a poison. T. hasmoglobinuria, 
haemoglobinuria due to poisoning, as by potas¬ 
sium chlorate. T. headache, headache caused by 
the presence of systemic poisons, such as alcohol, 
the narcotics, etc. T. inflammation, inflamma¬ 
tion caused by poisons. T. insanity, insanity due 
to systemic poisoning, as by alcohol. T. nephri¬ 
tis, nephritis due to the presence of an irritant 
poison in the blood. T. neuritis == neuritis 
TOXICA. T. paralysis, paralysis due to the influ¬ 
ence of a poison in the nervous system. T. 
spasm, spasm due to poisoning. T. tetanus, 
tetanus caused by certain poisons, as by an over¬ 
dose of nux vomica. T. unit, the amount of a 
given specimen of urine necessary to kill i kilo¬ 
gram of animal (a rabbit weighing i kg.). 2. 

The amount of toxic broth fatal in 4 days to a 
guinea*pig weighing 250 Gm. ftox'i-cal-ly. 
tox-i-cae'mi a. = Toxemia. 

tox'i-cant. i. An intoxicating stimulant, or nar¬ 
cotic, or anaesthetic, injurious when used habit¬ 
ually, a toxical agent. 2. Toxic. 


tox-i-ca'rine. A poisonous alkaloid found in the 
gum*resin of the upas*tree, Bohun upas. 
tox-i-ca'tion. Poisoning. « 
tox-i-chae-mi-to'sis, tox*i-co-hae'mi a. Blood*poison- 
ing. 

tox'i-cide. i. Overcoming toxic agents. 2. An agent 
having the above effect, 
tox-ic'i-ty. The condition of being poisonous, 
toxd-co-den'dron. Rhus toxicodendron. 
tox-ic-o-der'ma, toxd-co-der-mi'tis. Skin disease 
produced by some irritant poison, 
tox’i-co-gen'ic. Producing poisonous bodies, 
tox'i-coid. Resembling poison, 
tox-i-col'o-gy. The science of, or a treatise on, poi¬ 
sons, especially when considered from a medico¬ 
legal standpoint. ftox-i-co-log'i-cal. tox'i-co- 
log'i-cal-ly. tox-i-col'o-gist, one who is versed in 
toxicology. 

tox‘i-co-ma'ni a. i. An insane longing for poison¬ 
ous substances. 2. Morbid fear of being poisoned. 
tox*i-cop'a-thy. A disease caused by a poison. 

ttox*i-co-path'ic. 

toxd-co-pho'bi a. Morbid dread of poisons. 
tox 4 -co-phy-lox'in. A defensive antitoxin. 
Toxicophloe'a. = Acocanthera. 
tox-i-co'sis, pi. toxico'ses. Poisoning or its results. 
^ Autotoxicosis ; exogenic toxicosis ; noso- 

TOXICOSIS; RETENTION TOXICOSIS. 

toxd-der-mi'tis. = Toxicoderma. 
tox-if'e-rous. Bearing or containing poison, 
tox-i-gen'ic ossifying osteoperiostitis. Hypertrophic 
pulmonary osteo*arthropathy. 
tox'in. A soluble poison of bacterial (bacteriotoxin, 
as diphtheria toxin), vegetable (phytotoxin, as ab- 
rin and ricin), animal zootoxin, (as snake*venom) 
or radiation (as from X-rays) origin and of un¬ 
known albuminous structure, which in a susceoti- 

A 

ble animal gives rise to the formation of a specific 
ANTITOXIN capable both in and without the 
body of neutralizing the toxin; toxalbumin. In 
Ehrlich’s side*chain theory the toxin molecule is 
supposed to be composed of two distinct atomic 
groups, the haptophore or binding group, and the 
TOXOPHORE group, through the latter of which it 
exercises its peculiar toxic effect. When the toxin 
becomes old or is altered, as by heat, it becomes 
ToxiD. Coley’s fluid; toxoid, ftox-in'ic. 
tox-i-nae'mi a. Poisoning from toxin in the blood, 
tox-in-fec'tion. Infection by a toxin, 
tox-in'i-cide. Any agent destructive of toxins, 
toxinose du sommeil. = Trypanosomiasis. (Fr.) 
tox-i-no'sis. A morbid lesion induced by a toxin, 
tox-i-pho'bi a. = Toxicomania, def. 2. ftox-i- 
pho'bi ac. 

tox-i-re'sin. A poisonous resin from digitoxin. 
tox'is. Poisoning; especially by toxins, 
tox-i-ther'a-py. Antitoxin therapy, 
tox'osa-lex'in. An alexin which gives rise to im¬ 
munity to bacterial toxins. 
tox-6-glob'u-lin. A poisonous globulin, 
tox'oid. A toxin whose poisonous properties have 
been reduced or modified, as by heat or age; a 
toxin which retains its haptophore group but 
has lost its toxophore group, Epitoxoid; 
syntoxoid; prototoxoid. 
tox-o-lec'i-thin, -ide. A compound of lecithin with 
a toxin, such as a haemolytic venom, the lecithin 
causing activation of the toxin, 
tox-o-mu'cin. A poisonous substance, resembling 
mucin, derived from cultures of tubercle bacilli, 
tox'on. =Epitoxoid. The toxon of diphtheria is 
held accountable for the late paralytic symptoms, 






TOXONOSIS 


1014 


tox-o-no'sis. Disease due to the effect of poison. 

Intoxication. 

tox-o-pep'tone. A poisonous peptone; a substance 
formed by bacterial action upon a peptone, 
tox'o-phore. In Ehrlich’s sideschain theory the 
chain upon which the poisonous properties of a 
toxin depend, Haptophore ; toxoid, ftox- 

oph'o-rous. 

tox'o-phy-lax'in. Phylaxin. 

tox-o'sis. [If G. ’05.] 
tox-o-so'zin, c^SoziN. 

Toynbee’s corpuscles (toin'biz). Corpuscles of the 
cornea. T.’s conic metal tube, a tube used in ir¬ 
rigating the tympanum and mastoid cells. T.’s 
experiment, the rarefying of air in the middle ear 
by swallowing when the mouth and nose are 
closed. T.’s law, the law that, in cases of brain 
disease due to otitis, the cerebellum and the lat¬ 
eral sinus are affected from the mastoid, and the 
cerebrum from inflammation of the tympanic 
roof ; CulbToynbee’s law. T.’s ligament, the ten¬ 
sor ligament. T.’s otoscope, m- otoscope. 

Tr., Tra. Abbr. for tincture or L. tinctu'ra. 
trab'al. Callosal. [L. trahs beam.] 
tra-bec'u-la, pi. -Ice. A septum arising from the 
capsule or envelope of an organ and penetrating 
into its interior; trab'e-cule. Trabec'ulae car'- 
neae* = COLUMNS carnet. T. cer'ebri, the cor¬ 
pus callosum. T. cine'rea, the middle commis¬ 
sure of the cerebrum. Trabec'ulae corpo'rum 
cavernoso'rum*, the trabeculae of cavernous 
bodies of the penis. Trabec'ulae cra'nii = Rath- 
ke’s trabecula. Trabec'ulae lienis* == Trabec¬ 
ulae of the spleen, numerous fibrous bands given 
■ off by the membrana propria of the spleen, which 
unite to form the areolar frame^work of that 
organ. Trabeculae Willis'i = Willis’s chords. 
[L. dim. of trahs beam.] ftra-bec'u-lar, or tra- 
bec'u-late, crosssbarred, as T. region, that region 
or part of the embryonic skull from which the 
sphenoid bone is developed, tra-bec'u-la-rism, 
the condition of having a trabecular structure, 
trabs cer'ebri. The corpus callosum. Tra'bes car- 
ne'ae = MUScuLi PECTINATE Tra'bes cor'dis = 

COLUMNS CARNES. 

trace, i. A track or impression. 2. A very small 
quantity, as a T. of albumin in the urine. Prim¬ 
itive t.= PRIMITIVE GROOVE. 

tra'cer. A dissecting instrument used for isolating 
vessels and nerves. 

trachea* (tre-ci'a, though usually called tre'ci-a), 
pi. - cB . I. The cartilaginous and membranous 
canal in front of the oesophagus, developed from 
the upper portion of the pulmonary anlage and 
extending from the larynx to the primitive bron* 
chi, to and from which it conveys the air; wind¬ 
pipe. 2. In botany certain vessels, ftra'cheal, 
belonging to the trachea, as T. arteries, branches 
of the inferior thyroid to the trachea; T. catarrh 
= tracheitis: T. cartilages, the cartilaginous 
rings of the trachea and bronchi: T. forceps, 
forceps for removing foreign bodies from the 
trachea: T. glands, mucous glands on the rear 
surface of the trachea: T. layer, a layer of the 
deep cervical fascia, lying in front of the longus 
colli muscle: T. membrane, the posterior mem¬ 
branous portion of the trachea: T. murmur, a 
murmur heard in respiration over the trachea; 
tracheal respiration: T. nerves, branches of the 
recurrent laryngeal nerve distributed to the 
trachea and tne bronchi: T. plexus, t\\e anterior 
pulmonary plexus; T. rdle, a bubbling sound 


TRACHELO- 

caused by the presence of liquid in the trachea 
as in the death-rattle: T. r^5nnanc<? — skodaic 
resonance: T. respiration, the peculiar respi¬ 
ration sound heard on 
auscultation at a point 
opposite the trachea 
and the larynx; T. 
rings, the cartilaginous 
rings of the trachea: 

T. triangle, the inferior 
carotid triangle. cs- 
Carotid triangle: T. 
tugging, a pulling sen¬ 
sation experienced in 
aneurism of the arch of 
the aorta when the thy¬ 
roid cartilage is pressed 
upward; T. tympanum, 
the cavity of the tra¬ 
chea; and T. veins, 
branches of the right 
and left innominate 
veins. 

tra*che-a-ec'ta-sy. Dila¬ 
tation of the trachea, 
tra-che-al'gi a. Pain in 
the trachea. 

tra-che-a'li a. Croup. Tracheal Forceps. 

tra-che-a'lis. The fibres 

of unstriped muscle which pass from one end of 
each of the tracheal cartilages to the other, 
tra-che-a'ri-ous. Having tracheae. [L.] ftra-che- 
a'ri us. 

tra-che-i'tis, tra-chi'tis. Inflammation of a catarrhal 
or plastic type of the tracheal mucous membrane, 
and usually of the larger bronchi. ^ Tracheo¬ 
bronchitis. 

tra-che-Iag'ra. Gout, or rheumatism, in the neck, 
tra-che-la'lis. = Trachelomastoideus. 
tra-che-lec-to-mo-pex'i a, -tora'o-pex-y. Partial ex¬ 
cision, together with fixation, of the cervix uteri, 
tra-che-lec'to-my. Excision of the neck of the 
uterus. [< rpdxVAog neck -h tKTOfir] cutting out.] 
tra-che-lem-a-to'ma. A bloody tumor of the neck, 
tra-chel'i an. Relating to the neck; cervical, as 

T. foramm = VERTEBRARTERIAL CANAL. 

tra-che-lis'mus, trach'e-lism, tra-che'li-asm, tra- 
che-li-as'mus. A bending back of the neck; 
specifically applied to the first symptoms of 
epilepsy, consisting in contraction of the muscles 
of the neck; the consequent distention of the 
veins causing cerebral congestion, 
tra-che-li'tis. i. Tracheitis. 2. Inflammation of 
the cervix uteri. 

tra-che'lo-. Pertaining to the neck ; cervical; a 
combining form. [< Tpaxif^oq neck.] tra-che*- 
losa-cro-mi-a'lis, an occasional muscle in man 
arising from the occipital bone and inserted on the 
acromion of the scapula, ttra-chedosa-cro'mi al. 
— tra-chedo-breg-mat'ic, relating to the neck and 
the BREGMA. — tra'che-lo-cele = tracheocele. — 
tra-che*lo-cla-vic-u-la'ris, an occasional muscle in 
man, extending from a cervical vertebra to the 
clavicle. t tra-che*lo-cla-vic'u-lar.— tra-che*lo- 
cyl-lo'sis >= TORTICOLLIS. — tra-chedo-cyr-to'sis = 
trachelokyphosis. — tra-che*lo-cys-ti'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of the neck of the bladder.— tra-chedo- 
di a-phrag-mat'ic, relating to the neck and the dia¬ 
phragm, as T. nerve, the fourth cervical nerve.— 
tra-chedo-dyn'i a, pain in the neck.— tra-che*lo- 
hys-te-rot'o-my. J. A. M . A. {y’oG.] tra-che*- 
lo-ky-pho'sis, anterior curvature of the cervical 






TRACHENCHYMA 


1015 


TRACHOMA 


portion of the spine; trachelocyrtosis.— tra-che- 
lol'o-gy, the study of, or a treatise upon, the 
neck. I tra-che-lol'o-gist. — tra-chedo-mas-toi'- 
de us, a muscle drawing the head backward or 
obliquely and arising from the transverse proc¬ 
esses of the upper dorsal and the last four 
cervical vertebrae, and inserted into the 
mastoid process of the temporal bone, ftra- 
chedo-mas'toid. — tra-chedo-mus'cu-lar, as 7 . 
artery, the inferior cervical artery.— tra-che'- 
lo-my-i'tis, inflammation of the muscles of the 
neck.— tra-chedo=oc-cip-i-ta'lis = complexus. 
ttra-che'lo=oc-cip'i-tal. — tra-che-lo-pa'nus, swell¬ 
ing of the cervical lymphatics.— tra-che-lo- 
pex'i a, fixation of the neck of the uterus.— 
tra-che-lo-phy'ma, swelling of the neck.— tra- 
che'lo-plas-ty, plastic surgery of the neck of the 
uterus.— tra-che-lor'rha-phy, suturing of a lacer¬ 
ation of the neck of the uterus; Emmet’s opera¬ 
tion.— tra-che-lor-rhec'tes, an instrument for 
crushing the cervical vertebra in decapitation. 
tra-che-lo-scap'u-lar, relating to the neck and 
the scapula.— tra-chedo-stro-pho'sis, torsion of 
the neck.— tra-che-lo-sy-rin-gor'rha-phy,an oper¬ 
ation for fistula of the vagina similar to tra¬ 
chelorrhaphy.— tra-che-lot'o-my. i. Amputation 
of the neck of the uterus. 2. Incision of the 
canal of the cervix uteri in order to enlarge it. 
tra-chen'chy-ma. In botany, tissue formed of spiral 
tubes or vessels like tracheae, 
tra-che'o-. Pertaining to the trache.\*: a combining 
form. [< r/>a;\;£'Za trachea.] tra-che*osa-er'o-cele, 
a tracheal hernia containing air.— tra-che*o-blen- 
nor-rhce'a, excessive secretion of mucus from the 
trachea. — tra-che-o-bron'chi al, both tracheal 
and bronchial.— tra-che*o-bron-chi'tis, inflam¬ 
mation of both the trachea and the bronchus.— 
tra-che'o-bron-chos'co-py, viewing of the trachea 
and bronchi by electric illumination. [^[ J.A. 
M.A. j. ’08.] tra-che'o-cele, hernia of the mu¬ 
cous membrane of the trachea; bronchocele; 
aerocele.— tra-che*o-la-ryn'ge al, relating to the 
trachea and the larynx.— tra-che'o-la-ryn-got'- 
o-my, simultaneous incision into the trachea and 
the larynx.— tra-che’osce-so-pha'ge us, a muscle 
connecting the trachea with the oesophagus. 
ftra-che'osCB-so-pha'ge al. — tra-che-op'a-thy, dis¬ 
ease of the trachea. — tra-che‘o-pha-ryn'ge us, 
an occasional offshoot from the inferior con¬ 
strictor of the pharynx inserted upon the tra¬ 
chea. ttra-che’O-pha-ryn'ge al. — tra-che-oph'- 
o-ny, a sound heard in auscultation of the tra¬ 
chea.— tra-che-o-phy'ma = bronchocele. — tra- 
che'o - plas¬ 
ty, plastic 
o pe r ation 
upon the 
trachea.— 
tra-che'o- 
p y-o'sis, 
purulent 
tracheitis. 

— tra-che- 
or - rhag'i a, 
hemorrhage 
from the 
trachea.— 
tra-che-os'- 

chi-sis, fissure of the trachea.— tra-che-os co-py, 
examination of the interior of the trachea, ftra- 
che-o-scop'ic. — tra-che'o-ste-no'sis, contraction 
of the trachea.— tra^che-o-tome, an instrument 



for performing tracheotomy. — tra-che-ot'o-mist, 
one who practises tr.\cheotomy. — tra-che-ot^o- 
mize, to perform tracheotomy. — tra-che-ot'o- 
my, the operation of cutting into or opening the 
trachea, denominated inferior or superior accord¬ 
ing as it is performed below or above the isthmus 
of the thyroid gland. Cricotracheotomy. 

T. tube, a tube inserted into the trachea through 
a tracheotomy incision: used to provide an open 
passage when the larynx is obstructed. 
tra‘chi-el-co'sis. Ulceration of the trachea, -ftra.- 
chi-el'cus, ulcer of the trachea, 
tra-chi'tis. Inflammation of the trachea, 
tra-cho'ma. i. An acute, contagious disease of the 
eyelids, especially 
the upper one, 
characterized by 
the formation of 
papillary over¬ 
growths and pro¬ 
fuse secretion 
upon the r e d- 
dened and swol¬ 
len conjunctiva 
and terminating 
chronically in ul¬ 
cers which on 
healing leave cic¬ 
atricial bands in the palpebral conjunctivae; con- 
tagioxis granular lids; contagious granular, Egyp¬ 
tian. or military conjunctivitis; possibly due to T. 



Trachoma Bodies.— {Below Nu¬ 
clei) IN Cells Scraped from 
THE Conjunctiva in a Case of 
Trachoma. (Pusey.) 


bodies of Halber- 
stadter and Prowa- 
zek, which are 
probably modified 
gonococci. A fre¬ 
quent complication 
is pannus, and the 
affection must be 
carefully differenti¬ 
ated from FOLLIC¬ 
ULAR CONJUNCTIV¬ 
ITIS andVERNALCA- 
• TARRH. Since Octo¬ 



ber 30, 1897, immi¬ 
grants affected with 
trachoma have not 
been admitted into 
the United States. 

Various trachoma 
institutes have re¬ 
cently been formed 
in the large cities, 
and special schools 
for the children so 
affected have been 
connected there- Trachoma.— a. Acute stage, b. 

L> .4’ Chronic stage with lormation 

with. Kaoium nas cicatrices; cicatrization al- 
been used with as- most complete. (Clark.) 
serted benefit, but 

the surgical removal of the affected areas would 
seem to afford the best means for the checking 
of the disease. T. arl'ti, granular trachoma. 
Brawny t., a late stage of trachoma in which 
the conjunctival surface is rather smooth, though 
marked by lymphoid infiltration. T. coc cus, 
Neisse'ria reheVlis. T. diffu'sum, granular tra¬ 
choma in which the conjunctiva is covered with 
large growths. T. glands of Hcnle = Bruchs 
AGGREGATE GLANDS. T. granulations, the granu¬ 
lar masses formed in granular trachoma. T. 
pudendoYum, granular inflammation of the vul- 





TRACHYPHONIA 


1016 


TRANSFUSION 


var mucous membrane. Tiirck’s t., laryngitis 
sicca. [CiTpax'ug rough.] ftra-chom'a-tous, as 
T. conjunctivitis = trachoma: and T. keratitis — 

PANNUS. 

tra-chy-pho'ni a. Roughness of the voice, 
tra-chys'ma. = Trachoma. 

tract. An area; a region; tractus. For the va¬ 
rious anatomical tracts, see the adjectives, 
trac-tel'lum. An anterior locomotive flagellum, 
trac'tion. The act of drawing, Axis traction. 
T. aneurism, an aneurism of the aorta, most 
common in children, due to the contraction of 
the ductus arteriosus. T. diverticulum, a diver¬ 
ticulum from the oesophagus due to traction 
from adhesions. Line of t., the line in which a 
muscle contracts. 

trac'to-graph. An apparatus for traction tests, 
trac'tor. An instrument for making traction. Me¬ 
tallic t., Perkinism. 
trac-to-ra'tion. = Perkinism. 

trac'tus. An extension; space; region; tract. T. 
centra'lis*, central tract, as of thymus gland. T. 
iliotibia'lis [maissia'ti], iliotibial band. T. inter- 
mediolateraflis, the lateral cornu of gray matter 
of the spinal cord. T. intestina'lis, the alimen¬ 
tary canal. T. moto'rius, the motor tract. T. 
op'ticus*, the optic tract. T. olfacto'rius*, the 
olfactory tract. T. respirato'rius* = respi¬ 
ratory TRACT. T. solita'rius*, solitary tract; 
respiratory bundle. T. spira'lis foraminulo'sus, 
the lower and larger fossa of the cribriform 
lamina of the internal auditory meatus. It is 
pierced with numerous minute foramina, which 
transmit the cochlear division of the auditory 
nerve. T. uvea'lis = uveal tract. 
trag-a-can'tha*. A gummy exudation from Astrag'- 
alus gum'mifer and other species of Astrag'alus; 
trag'a-canth ; gum tragacanth; goat’s horn; hog 
gum. It is demulcent, and is used for the sus¬ 
pension of heavy insoluble powders or in making 
emulsions. K^MuCILAGO TRAGACANTHi®. [< 
Tpdyog goat + aKavOa thorn.] ftrag-a-can'thin, 
the substance upon which the properties of trag¬ 
acanth depend; adraganthin. 
tra'gal. Relating to the tragus. 
trag'a-lism. Sensuality. [<rpdyof goat.] 

Tra'gia. A genus of euphorbiaceous herbs or under¬ 
shrubs of India, of which T. cannab'ina and T. 
involucra'ta are tonic, and diaphoretic, 
trag'icus. A muscle of the ear, of triangular form, 
arising from the middle and outer part of the 
concha and inserted into the tip of the tragus, 
which it pulls forward. [L.] 
tra'gi pi'li. The hairs of the ear. [L.] 
tra*go-mas-chal'i a. The strong goatslike odor of 
the armpits. [<rpdyog goat + fiaox^lTj armpit.] 
trag-o-pho'ni a. =^gophony. 
trag-o-po'di a. =Genu valgum. 

Tragopo'gon. A genus of composite plants, of 
which the seeds of T. porrifo'lius or salsify yield 
tra-go-pon'ic acid. 

tra'gus. A projection of the cartilage of the external 
ear over the external auditory meatus, 
trail'ing arbutus. = Epig.®a repens. 
trained. Passed, as of bacteria, through successive 
animals in order to increase their virulence, 
training. The use of proper food and exercise to 
develop the physical strength and powers of 
endurance. T.sschool, an institution, usually in 
connection with a hospital, where persons are 
taught nursing. 

trait. A peculiar feature or characteristic. 


tra-jec'tor. An instrument for locating a bullet, 
trame, tra'mis, tra'ma. The perineum, 
trance. A sleep=like state which comes on sponta¬ 
neously or is induced by hypnotism, but apart 
from any gross lesion of the brain or toxic cause, 
and from which the sleeper cannot be easily 
aroused. ^Lethargy; catalepsy; ecstasy. 
Death t., trance in which the vital phenomena are 
so much suppressed that the condition resembles 
death. T. doctor, a hypnotist. Hysteric t., a 
tranceslike state sometimes seen in hysteria. 
Induced t., trance induced by hypnotism, 
tranchees uterines. The pains due to the contrac¬ 
tion of the uterus after delivery. [F.] 
tran'quil respiration. Normal respiration, 
trans. A Latin preposition, signifying across, over, 
through; from one to another, 
trans-au'di-ent. Permitting the passage of sound, 
trans-ca'len-cy. Transparency to radiant heat, 
trans-cen-den'tal anatomy, Anatomy. 
trans-conMy-loid amputation of thigh. = Car¬ 
den’s amputation. 

trans-cor'ti-cal. From one part of the cortex to 
another, as when a disease affects tracts connect¬ 
ing different parts of the cerebral cortex, 
trans-duc'tor. The transversus pedis, 
tran-sec'tion. Section across the long axis of a 
part; cross-section, 
trans-fer'ence. The passage 
of a morbid symptom 
from one side of the body 
to the other. T.sphenom- 
ena, the transference of 
some hysterical symptom, 
as anaesthesia, amblyo¬ 
pia, and anosmia, from 
one side of the body to the 
other, as when certain 
aesthesiogenic substances, 
such as a plate of metal, 
a magnet, or a mustard- 
plaster, are placed upon 
the area showing the 
symptom, ftrans-ferred', 
as Transferred ophthalmi¬ 
tis = SYMPATHETIC OPH¬ 
THALMIA. 

trans-fix'ion. A method of 
cutting in amputation in 
which the limb is pierced 
with the knife and the 
cut made from within 
outward. 

trans-fo-ra'tion. The act of 

perforating, especially of perforating the fetal 
skull in craniotomy. ffransTo-ra-tor, an instru¬ 
ment for performing transforation, 
trans-for-ma'tion. Change of form; metamorpho¬ 
sis. Degeneration. 
trans-fron'tal. Across any frontal structure, 
trans-fu'sion. The introducing of blood taken from 
the vessels of one living being (donor) into those 
of another (receptor); also the introduction of 
other fluids. In direct or immediate transfusion 
the blood is carried directly from the vessels of 
one person to those of another by means of a 
tube or even by directly suturing the blood-vessel 
of the donor to that of the recipient (donee). In 
indirect or mediate transfusion the blood is drawn 
off into a receptacle and defibrinated before being 
introduced into the vessels of the recipient. In 
Arterial t. the blood is conveyed into an artery; 



Forming Flaps by 
Transfixion. 








TRANSIENT 


1017 


TRANSUDATION 


in Peritoneal, into the abdominal cavity; in Sub¬ 
cutaneous, into the subcutaneous tissue; and in 
Venous, directly into a vein. Nervous t., the 
hypodermic injection of the extract of the brain 
of sheep in cases of neurasthenia. Reciprocal t., 
RECIPROCAL, ftrs^ns-fu'ser or trans-fu'sion- 
ist, one who advocates transfusion, 
tran'sient. Temporary; transitory, T. albumi¬ 
nuria = CYCLIC ALBUMINURIA. T. aphasia, tempo¬ 
rary speechlessness, as in migraine. T. blindness, 
temporary amblyopia. 

trans-il'i ac. Across the ilia or between them, 
tran-sil'i ent. Passing across. T. fibres, nerve* 
fibres passing from one convolution to another 
not next to it. 

trans'il-lu-mi-na'tion. = Through illumination. 
ttrans*il-lu'mi-na-tor. 

trans-in'su-lar. Across the insula, as the T. fissure 
of the brain. 

trans-is'chi ac. Extending across or between the 
ischia. 

trans-isth'mi an. Across the isthmus, as T. comuo- 

/uA’on = ANNECTENT GYRUS. 

tran-si'tion. Passage from one place or state to 
another; change. T. douche = Scotch douche. 
T. epithelium, epithelium which in its successive 
layers passes without sharp differentiation from 
one type to another, as simple into stratified. T. 
resistance, resistance set up in an electric circuit 
by the products of decomposition deposited upon 
the electrodes. T. tumor, a recurrent tumor 
which tends to become malignant, ftran-si'tion- 
al, as T. convolutions — annectent gyri, 
tran'si-to-ry. Continuing but a short time; tran¬ 
sient; not permanent. T. frenzy, T. mania, an 
attack of mania coming suddenly on persons pre¬ 
viously sane, and as suddenly disappearing, 
trans-la'tion. The act of transferring; removal; 

transportation; transfer, Metast.\sis. 
trans-lo'cate. To dislocate, ftrans-lo-ca'tion = 
dislocation. 

trans-lu'cent, trans-lu'cid. Penetrable by luminous 
rays, but too slightly to allow of perceiving ob¬ 
jects; semistransparent. 

trans-lu-mi-na'tion. = Through illumination. 
trans-mi-gra'tion. Passage from one side to 
another: specifically applied to the passage of 
corpuscles through the walls of blood*vessels. 
T. of the ovule, the passage of an ovule from one 
ovary to the fallopian tube or uterine cornu of 
the other side, termed direct or external when it 
passes by way of the abdominal cavity, and in¬ 
direct or internal when it enters the uterus through 
one oviduct and ovary and crosses to the other, 
trans-mis-si-bil'i-ty. The quality or state of being 
transmissible; capability of being communicated 
by contagion. 

trans-mis'si-ble. Capable of being communicated 
or transmitted, as contagious diseases, 
trans-mis'sion. The act of transmitting or com¬ 
municating; a transfer: used to denote the com¬ 
munication of contagious diseases from one 
person to another, and the descent or derivation 
of hereditary qualities or morbid conditions from 
parents to their offspring. Duplex t., the trans¬ 
mission of impulses by nerves in two directions, 
trans-mit'ted light. Light passed through an object, 
trans-mu-ta'tion. The act of changing one thing 
into another. In alchemy, the operation of 
changing base metals into gold or silver. T. of 
force or energy, the conversion from one form of 
force or energy to another. 


trans-oc'u-lar. Across the eye. 
tran'so-nance. The transmission of sound through 
another part, as the heart*beats through the 
lungs and walls of the chest, 
trans-pal-ma'ris. == Palmaris brevis. 
trans-par'ent. Admitting the passage of the rays 
of light, so that objects appear or are seen 
through any medium; diaphanous in the highest 
degree. Substances are transparent when the 
outlines of objects viewed through them are dis¬ 
tinct. T. corpuscles = Norris’s transparent 
CORPUSCLES. T. finger, a round piece of glass or 
small lens set in a frame: used in examining 
lupus, ttrans-par'en-cy. 
trans-per-i-n£e'us. =Transversus perin^i. 
trans-per-i-to-ne'al. Through the peritoneum, as T. 
laparotomy. 

tran-spi-na'lis. Any of the muscles connecting the 
transverse processes of the vertebrae, 
tran-spi-ra'tion. The emission of vapor through 
the skin, or the coverings of a plant; insensible 
perspiration. Pulmonary t., the exhalation of 
water*vapor from the blood circulating through 
the lungs. ftran-spiTa-ble. 
trans-plan'tar. Across the sole, 
trans-plan-ta'tion. Insertion into some part of the 
body of a portion of living tissue taken from 
another part of the body {autogenous t.) or from 
the body of another person {heterogenous t.) or of 
one of the lower animals, for the purpose of 
supplying defects of tissue, is- Skin*grafting. 
Carrel and Guthrie, of Chicago, have carried the 
transplantation of organs and limbs of the dog 
to a high state of perfection. Thus, they have 
transplanted a kidney from one dog to another, 
and an entire limb, and established circulation 
in the transplanted parts. T. of the cornea = 
KERATOPLASTY. T. of a tooth, the insertion of 
an extracted tooth into another alveolus, 
trans-pleu'ral. Extending across the pleural sac. 
trans'port. Delirium. 

trans-po-si'tion. i. Abnormal situation of the vis¬ 
cera in which they occupy the side of the body 
opposite to their normal position ; transposition 
of the viscfera. is- Dexiocardia. 2. == Metas¬ 
tasis. 3. Plastic operation by flap*grafting. 
trans-sec'tion. Cross*section. 

trans-seg-men'tal. Across a segment, as of a limb, 
trans-tem'po-ral. Extending across the temporal 
lobe. T. fissure, an occasional short fissure on 
the lateral surface of the temporal lobe, 
trans-tha-lam'ic. Crossing the optic thalamus, 
trans-tho-rac'ic. Through the thorax, as T. inci¬ 
sion, an incision made across the thorax with 
the object of draining a sub*diaphragmatic or 
hepatic abscess or cyst, ftrans-tho-ra-cot'o-my. 
tran-sub-stan-ti-a'tion. Substitution of one tissue 
for another; metamorphosis, 
tran-su-da'tion. The morbid passing or oozing of 
blood, or other fluid, practically unaltered, 
through the pores of the skin or membranes, 
i^E xudate; perspiration, -j-tran'su-date, the 
fluid with its contents resulting from transu¬ 
dation; such fluids are of lower specific gravity 
and contain less cellular elements and less al¬ 
bumin than do exudates. Rivalta has shown 
that, if a drop of a transudate be added to a 2% 
solution of glacial acetic acid, the fluid remains 
clear, but if an exudate be added a bluish trail 
like a puff of cigarette smoke is seen as the ma¬ 
terial makes its way down through the fluid, 
tran-sude', to pass through the pores of a tissue. 


TRANSVAGI NAL 


1018 


TRANSVERSE 


Srans-vag'i-nal. Across the vagina, 
trans-ver-sa'lis*. Transverse ;transversal: applied 
especially to muscles. T. abdom'inis, a muscle 
arising from the cartilages of the seven lower 
ribs, etc., and inserted into the linea alba and the 
front of the pubis. It supports and compresses 
the bowels. T. cap'itis, the trachelomastoid mus¬ 
cle. T. cervi'cis, the cervical portion of the 
longissimus dorsi, arising from the transverse 
processes of the upper four or five dorsal verte¬ 
brae and inserted into the transverse processes of 
the second to the sixth cervical vertebrae. T. 
cervi'cis posti'cus mi'nor, am occasional muscle 
arising from the transverse process of one of the 
upper dorsal or lower cervical vertebrae, and in¬ 
serted into the transverse process of the atlas or 
into the ma.stoid process. T. collatera'lis col'li, 
the iliocostal muscle. T. col'li. i. A muscle 
arising from the transverse processes of the 
second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical 
vertebrae, and inserted into those of the third, 
fourth, fifth, .sixth, and seventh upper dorsal 
vertebrae; trachelomastoideus. It turns the neck 
obliquely backward and to one side. 2. The 
transverse cervical artery, T. dor'si, the longis¬ 
simus DORSI. T. fascia, the fascia lining the in¬ 
ner surface of the transversalis abdominis muscle, 
continuous above with the fascia covering the 
diaphragm and below with the iliac fascia, being 
also joined below to Poupart’s ligament. T. 
hu'meri, the suprascapular artery. T. lumbo'rum, 
the transversocostal portion of the quadratus 
lumborum. T. na'si, the compressor naris, a 
small muscle lying across the nose. T. pe'dis, T. 
plan'tae= transversus pedis. 
trans-verse'. Directed or placed crosswise; trans¬ 
versus. T. artery, i. A small branch of the 
basilar artery pas.sing outward and distributed to 
the pons varolii; pontal artery. 2. A branch of 
the external circumflex artery to the muscles of 
the upper thigh. 3. A branch of the right coro¬ 
nary artery to the heart muscle. T. artery of the 
face, a branch of the superficial temporal artery; 
arteria transversa faciei*. T. artery of neck — 
TRANSVERSE CERVICAL ARTERY; arteria transversa 
colli*. T. artery of scapula = suprascapular 
artery; arteria transversa scapulae*. T. arytae- 
noid muscle, the musculus arytaenoideus transver¬ 
sus* of the larynx. T. cervical artery, a branch 
of the thyroid axis passing across the neck above 
the clavicle and dividing into the superficial 
cervical and po.sterior scapular arteries. T. colic 
artery, a branch of the middle colie artery to 
the transverse colon, T. facial artery, a branch 
from the superficial temporal artery distributed 
to the side of the face. T. humeral artery, the 
suprascapular artery. T. nasal artery, a branch 
of the nasal division of the ophthalmic artery to 
the root of the nose. T. articulation = medio- 
tarsal articulation. T. carpal ligament = 
anterior annular ligament. T. colon, that part 
of the colon which lies across the body from the 
end of the ascending colon to the beginning of 
the descending colon; colon transversum*. T. 
convolution, the aseending frontal convolution, 
T. crest, a crest at the bottom of the inter¬ 
nal acoustic meatus. T. diameter, a crosswise 
diameter, as of the pelvis. T. disk, the dark, 
transverse layer of a muscular fibre. T. ductules, 
ductules of the longitudinal duct of the par¬ 
ovarium*. T. fascia = transversalis fascia. 
T. fissure, i, A fissure on the under surface of 


the liver starting from the longitudinal fissure 
and running to the right between the quadrate 
and cordate lobes; porta or hilum hcpatis. 2. A 
transverse fissure of the cerebrum beneath the 
hemispheres, through which the pia mater passes, 
apparently into the ventricles of the brain to aid 
in forming the velum interpositum; fissure of 
Bichat. 3. A fissure of the cerebellum. T. folds 
of rectum = Houston’s valves; plicae trans- 
versales recti*. T. foramen, a vertebrarterial 
foramen. T. fossa = transverse fissure, def. i. 
T. fracture, a fracture in which the break runs 
transversely across the bone. T. frontal convo¬ 
lution, FRONTAL CONVOLUTION. T. frontal 
furrow, the precentral sulcus. T. ganglion, the 
semilunar ganglion. T. groove, a groove of the 
anthelix of the ear. T. hermaphrodite, a person 
showing T. hermaphroditism, hermaphroditism 
in which the external genitals are of one sex and 
the internal of the other. T. joint, the medio- 
tarsal articulation of the foot. T. ligament, i. 
{Of the atlas and axis.) A strong band passing 
across the odontoid process of the axis. 2. {Of 
the hip-joint.) A portion of the cotyloid ligament 
extending across the cotyloid notch. 3. {Of the 
knee-joint.) A band uniting the adjacent bor¬ 
ders of the anterior surfaces of the semilunar 
fibrocartilages; ligamentum transversum genu*. 
4. {Of the leg.) The upper or broad part of the 
anterior annular ligament. 5. {Of the metacar¬ 
pal bones.) The ligaments of the metacarpo¬ 
phalangeal joints. 6. {Of the metatarsal bones.) 
The ligaments of the metatarsophalangeal joints. 
7. {Of the pelvis.) A strong ligamentous band 
forming the anterior tendinous part of the ischio= 
urethralis muscle, extending across the subpubic 
angle below the dorsal vein of the penis; median 
puboprostatic ligament of Krause; ligamentum 
transversum pelvis*. 8. {Of the scapula.) A band 
of fibrous tissue passing from the coracoid proc¬ 
ess to the inner margin of the suprascapular 
notch, converting the latter into a foramen; 
coracoid or suprascapular ligament. 9. {Of the 
tarsus.) A ligament extending from the first cu¬ 
neiform to the bases of the third and fourth 
metatarsal bones. T. lines, i. Lines on the ab¬ 
domen marking the tendinous intersections in the 
course of the rectus abdominis muscle, 2. The 
striae acusticae of the fourth ventricle. 3. Ridges 
formed by the union of the sacral vertebrae. T. 
muscle. There are transverse muscles of the ab¬ 
domen, auricle, chin, nape, thorax, and tongue. 
T. myelitis, ^myelitis. T. occipital fissure — 
Ecker’s fissure. T. paralysis, alternate hemi¬ 
plegia. T. peduncle, the middle pedunele of the 
cerebellum. T. peduncular tract, the cimbia. T. 
presentation, presentation in which the fetal axis 
lies transversely; trunk presentation T.process 
of a vertebra, a bony process for the attachment 
of muscles projecting from either side of a 
vertebra at the junction of the lamina and the 
pediele, T. section, a transection, as of the 
medulla oblongata or of the spinal cord. T. sep¬ 
tum = DIAPHRAGM. T. sinus. {Of dura mater.) 
I. Lateral sinus. 2. {Of pericardium.) A sinus 
of the pericardium. T. sulcus, groove for lateral 
sinus of parietal bone. T. suture, the coronal 
suture. T. vein, i, {Of face.) A branch of the 
posterior facial vein. 2. {Of scapula.) The su¬ 
prascapular vein, a branch of the external 
jugular. 3. {Of neck.) Transversalis colli, a 
branch of the subclavian. 


TRANSVERSECTOMY 


TRAUMATIC 


1019 


trans-ver-sec'to-my. The removal of the transverse 
process of a vertebra. 

trans-verse'ly. ^ Across; crosswise. T. contracted 
pelvis = Robkrts’s pelvis. 
trans-ver'sosa-na'lis. =Transversus perin^i. 
trans-ver-so-cos'tal ligament. = Costotrans¬ 
verse LIGAMENT. 

trans-ver-so-spi-na'lis. The series of muscles 
which constitute the deeper layer of the extensor 
dorsi communis passing from the transverse proc¬ 
esses to the spinous processes of the vertebrae; 
T. dor'si or col'li. [L.] 

trans-ver’so=u-re-thra'lis. The superior transverse 
fibres of the compressor urethrae muscle. [L.] 
trans-ver*so-ver'ti-cal index. The number obtained 
by dividing loo times the greatest cranial height 
by the greatest breadth; hreadih^height index. 
trans-ver'sus. Transverse; specifically a muscle 
lying across the long axis of the body or a part. 
T. abdom'inis =TRANsvERSALis abdominis. T. 
au'ris, T. auric'ulae, transverse musculotendinous 
fibres on the posterior surface of the pinna. T. 
bul'bi, transverse fibres of the transversus peri- 
naei profundus below the urethra. T. col'li, a 
muscle arising from the first costal cartilage and 
extending toward the median line of the neck; 
transversospinalis colli or dorsi. T. lin'guae, one 
of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue, its fibres 
arising from the septum and curving outward 
and upward to be inserted into the borders. T. 
mandib'ulae, the mylohyoid muscle. T. ma'nus, 
the internal head of the adductor pollicis; the 
adductor transversus pollicis. T. men'ti, an 
occasional muscle connecting the depressores 
anguli oris and attached to the lower jaw. T. 
na'si = COMPRESSOR naris. T. nu'chae, an occa¬ 
sional muscular fasciculus arising from the ex¬ 
ternal occipital protuberance and inserted into 
the aponeurosis of the sternomastoid; corrugator 
posticus; occipitalis teres. T. or'bitae, an occa¬ 
sional muscle of man crossing the upper part of 
the orbit. T. pec'toris = triangularis sterni. 
T. pe'dis, a muscle arising from the metatarsal 
bone of the great toe and inserted into that of 
the little toe. T. perinae'i. i. A group of mus¬ 
cular bands made up of the transversus perinaei 
profundus and the transversus perinaei super- 
ficialis. 2. T. perin^i profundus, def. 2. 3. T. 

PERiN^i suPERFiciALis. T. perinae'i ante'rior, or 
me'dius, or poste'rior infe'rior, the transversus 
perinaei superficialis. T. perinae'i profun'dus. 
I. Muscular fibres between the layers of the deep 
perineal fascia, or triangular ligament, arising 
from the tuber ischii and uniting in the middle 
line with its fellow of the opposite side. 2. The 
transverse portion of the above. T. perinae'i 
superficia'lis, transverse muscular fibres immedi¬ 
ately beneath the deep layer of the superficial 
perineal fascia, or Colies’s fascia, passing from 
the tuberosities of the ischia to the perineal 
centre! where they unite. T. pros'tatas, the an¬ 
terior fibres of the levator ani embracing the 
prostate gland. T. ure'thrae, fibres from the 
superficial layer of the compressor urethrae pass¬ 
ing between the pubic arch and the urethra. 
Tra'pa na'tans. Waterscaltrops. 
trapsdoor flap. A semicircular flap of the scalp, 
folding up like a trapsdoor: used in trephining, 
tra-pe'zi al nidus. The superior olivary body, 
tra-pe'zi-form. Having the form of a trapezium. 
tra-pe'zi o-met-a-car'pal. Relating to the trape¬ 
zium and the metacarpus. 


tra-pe'zi um. A quadrangle. i. The first or 
outermost bone of the second row of the carpus, 
or wrist; carpale I. 2. A transverse tract of 
fibres to the lower part of the pons varolii, con¬ 
tinuous with the middle peduncle of the cere¬ 
bellum ; T. cerebri. 

tra-pe'zi us, pi. -zii. A muscle, so named from 
its form, arising from the superior curved line of 
the occipital bone, from the ligamentum nuchae, 
and from the spinous processes of the seventh 
cervical and of all the dorsal vertebrae, and in¬ 
serted into the clavicle, the acromion, and the 
scapula; cucullaris (like a hood). It draws the 
scapula in the three directions of its fibres, 
trap'e-zoid. Resembling a trapezium; specifically 
the TRAPEZOID BONE. T. body. I. = Corpus 
TRAPE zoiDES, def. I. 2. =Trapezium, def. 2. T. 
bone, the second bone of the second row of the 
carpus, counting from the thumb side; carpale 
II. T. ligament, the trapezium=shaped portion 
of the coracoclavicular ligament. T. line, a ridge 
upon the clavicle for attachment of the trapezoid 
ligament. 

Trapp’s formula. A formula for determining the 
approximate amount of solids in the urine ex¬ 
pressed in grammes in looo Cc.: multiply the 
last two figures of the specific gravity of the 
urine, carried to four figures, by 2 (Trapp’s co- 
eflicient), or, according to Christison and Haser, 
2.33, or, according to Loebisch, 2.2; Christison's 
formula; Haser’s formula, m- Bird’s formula. 
T.’s test, a hydrochloricsacid test for veratrine; 
a red color ensues if it is present, 
trash. The outer covering of the poppysplant, in 
which Bengal opium is packed. 

Trau'besHe'ring’s curves. =Traube’s curves. 
Trau'bersRo'senstein theory. The theory that pu¬ 
erperal eclampsia is caused by cerebral anaemia 
due to some poisonous element in the blood. 
Trau'be’s corpuscles. Phantom corpuscles. T.’s 
curves, high, bold curves seen in the tracings of 
the sphygmograph when respiration has been 
completely arrested. T.’s phenomenon, a double 
systolic and diastolic murmur, heard in aortic 
insufficiency and occasionally in mitral stenosis, 
at the femoral and other peripheral arteries. 
T.’s plugs = Dittrich’s PLUGS. T.’s (semilunar) 
space, an area on the left side of the chest, 
in which a vesiculotympanic percussion sound is 
normal, caused by air in the stomach, 
trau'lism, trau-lis'mus. Stammering; lisping: the 
consonants are replaced especially by b and 1 . 
trau'ma. A wound. Lesion. [<,Tpavjua.] 
trau-mat'ic. i. Relating to, or caused by, a 
wound; vulnerary. 2. A medicine used for the 
cure of wounds. T. abscess, an acute abscess 
brought on by injury. T. amputation, an ampu¬ 
tation performed on account of injury to the 
part. T. anaemia, anaemia due to hemorrhage 
from a wound. T. aneurism, an aneurism due 
to injury. T. appendicitis, appendicitis due to 
traumatism, as a blow upon the abdomen, or a 
fall. T. asphyxia, asphyxia due to pressure in 
which the face and neck become blue*black: 
due to mechanical venous congestion. T. back, 
a condition marked by tenderness, pain on move¬ 
ment, and spasm of the erector spinae muscle, 
due to a blow or a wrench producing sprain of 
* the fibrous tissues of the back, T. balsam — 
BALSAMUM TRAUMATicuM. T. cataract, a cataract 
due to injury. T. degeneration, degeneration of 
divided nerves up to the nearest node of Ranvier, 


TRAUMATICIN 


1020 


TREMOR 


T. delirium, delirium occurring with excessive 
reaction from shock after injury or surgical opera¬ 
tion. T. dislocation, dislocation of a joint due 
to injury. T. epilepsy, epilepsy resulting from 
injury, especially from fracture of the skull. T. 
erysipelas, erysipelas from trauma. T. fever, 
fever caused by a wound independent of infection 
through the wound. T. hemorrhage, hemorrhage 
from a wound. T. herpes, herpes. T. hysteria, 
i^T. NEUROSIS. T. idiocy, idiocy due to injury 
during birth or in infancy. T. inflammation, in¬ 
flammation due to injury. T. iritis, iritis due to 
injury. T. keratitis, keratitis due to injury of 
the cornea. T. lesion, a lesion caused by injury. 
T. mania, mania developing after injury. T. 
meningitis, acute cerebral meningitis due to 
traumatism. T. myelitis, myelitis. T. ne¬ 
phritis, t®- NEPHRITIS. T. neurasthenia, T. neu¬ 
rosis, a neurasthenic condition, generally with 
hysterical symptoms and local lesions, produced 
by severe injuries. There may be concentric 
contractions of the visual fields with reversion 
of the color=fields. Railway spine. T. neu¬ 
ritis, neuritis due to injury. T. pericementitis, 
inflammation of the tissues around a tooth, 
due to injury. T. peritonitis, i®* peritonitis. T. 
shock, shock due to injury or traumati.sm. T. 
suggestion, a peculiar state of autosuggestion 
often seen after railroad accidents. T. tetanus, 
^TETANUS. [< rpGi'//a wound.] 
trau-mat'i-cin. About 5% solution of gutta=percha 
in chloroform: used as a vehicle for chrysarobin, 
ichthyol, etc.; liquor guttae*perchae. 
trau'ma-tism. i. The condition of the system pro¬ 
duced by a severe wound. 2. A wound. T. of 
motion, injury of a diseased joint through im¬ 
proper protection. 

trau-ma-toc'a-ce. Gangrene resulting from a 
wound; hospital gangrene, 
trau-ma-tol'o-gy. The science of wounds, 
trau'ma-to-ne'sis. Stituring of wounds. 
trau'ma-top-ncB'a. The condition in which air 
passes through a chest wound during respiration, 
trau'ma-to-py'ra. Traumatic fever. 
trau*ma-to-sep'sis. Hospital gangrene, 
trau-ma-ty'phus. Hospital gangrene, 
travail (trav'd)- Parturition; labor. [F.] 
trav'elssick'ness. Car^sickness. 

trav'el-ling of needles. The wandering of needles 
from their point of entrance to even distant parts 
of the body. 

tray. A flat, shallow vessel for holding instru¬ 
ments during operations. 

trea'cle. i. Used in English prescriptions as synon¬ 
ymous with molasses. 2. Venice t.; theriaca. 3. 
Teu'crium chamce'drys. 

tread. The germinating point of a fecundated egg; 
t. of the cock; cicatricula; chalazium; archiblast; 
blastoderm of an egg. 

tread'lers’ cramp. A painful involuntary contrac¬ 
tion of the muscles of the lower extremities, due 
to excessive operating a treadle or the ringing of 
the gong of a trolley-car by the foot, 
treat. To manage disease by the giving of remedies, 
treat'ment. Management; application of remedies; 
therapeutic operation or practice. Among the 
various methods of treatment defined in this 
work may be mentioned: Active, Apostoli’s, 
Baccelli’s, Balfour’s, Banting’s ( = banting- 
ism), Baunscheidt’s (— Baunscheidtism), Ber¬ 
geron’s, Bird’s, Bouchardat’s, Brand’s, 
Browri'Sequard f = organotherapy) , Canta- 


Ni’s, Causal, Dancel’s, Debove’s, Uieteth;, 
Ebstein’s, Empirical ( = empiricism) , Expec¬ 
tant, Finsen (= actinotherapy), Flechsig’s, 
Hygienic (= hygienism). Medical, Mitchell’s, 
Nauheim, Oertel's, Organ (= organother¬ 
apy), Palliative, Politzer’s, Preventive or pro¬ 
phylactic, Rational, Ricord’s, Salisbury’s, 
Schede’s, Schott’s, Schroth’s, Serum, Spe¬ 
cific, Stimulant, String method. Supporting, 
Surgical, Symptomatic, Tallerm.an’s, Ter¬ 
rain, Thymus, Tufnell’s, Valsalva’s, Weir* 
Mitchell's ( = Mitchell’s), and Ziemssen’s. 
treb'le vision. =Triplopia. 

tree. A woody plant with a single trunk, w'hich 
attains at least five times the human stature. 
T.slike, arborescent; dendroid; dendrite. 
tre'foil. Clover, Trifolium pratense. Marsh 
or Water t., the common name for Menyan'thes 
trifolia'ta, or buckbean. T. tendon, the cordiform 
or central tendon of the diaphragm, 
tre-fu'si a. A natural iron albuminate, 
tre-ha'la. A feculent alimentary substance depos¬ 
ited on a syngenesious plant (a species of Ech'i- 
nops) by the beetle, Lar'inus nidif'icans. The 
insect disgorges the trehala from its stomach and 
builds its nest wdth it. The trehala is used as food 
by the Persians and other Orientals, 
tre'ha-lase. A ferment derived from Aspergil'lus 
ni'ger, converting tre'ha-lose, C12H22OJ], found in 
trehala, in manna, and in ergot, into glucose. 
Treil'le’s law. [Rev. med. d. I’Afrique d. nord. ’05.] 
Treitz’s hernia. A hernia in which the upper part 
of the small intestine becomes located behind its 
mesentery; retroperitoneal hernia; duodenojeju¬ 
nal hernia. .. T.’s muscle, a thin, flat muscle of 
unstriped fibres, extending from the connective 
tissue of the coeliac axis to the lower end of the 
duodenum and helping to suspend the latter. 
Tre-lat’s operation. An operation for Dupuytren’s 
contraction, consisting of division of the attach¬ 
ments between the skin and the fibrous bands 
and afterward division of the bands themselves. • 
tre'ma. Foramen; vulva. [L., fr. rpr/jaa hole.] 
Tremato'da. An order of parasitic worms, as Fas¬ 
ciola hepatica; trem'a-tode. 
tremblement (trohbl-moh). Tremor. [F.] 
trem'bles. i. A disease of cattle, cau.sing milk-sick¬ 
ness in the human subject. 2. Paralysis agitans. 
trem'bling. Tremor. T. chair, a chair con¬ 
structed to give a vibratory movement to a per¬ 
son seated in it. T. palsy = paralysis agitans. 
tre-meFlose. Jelly-like. 

tre'mens. Shaking; trembling, Delirium t, 
trem'o-graph. An apparatus for recording tremor, 
the record made being known as a trem'o-gram. 
tremor (tri'mor or trem'dr). An involuntary trem¬ 
bling or quivering: due to slight, but rapid, clonic 
spasms of the involuntary muscles: seen in vari¬ 
ous diseases, as malaria, Graves’s disease, etc., 
and often due to the ingestion of poisons. 

Spasm; nystagmus. Some varieties of tre¬ 
mor not given below are Arsenic, Continuous, 
Convulsive ( = paramyoclonus). Forced, In¬ 
termittent, Mercurial, Muscular, Vihratile 
( = fremitus), and Volitional. T. ar'tuum, 
T. cor'dis, tremor of the heart; palpitation of the 
heart. Fibrillary t., tremor produced by alter¬ 
nate contractions of separate fibrillae of muscle. 
Intention t., a tremor which ceases when the pa¬ 
tient is at rest. T. mercuria'lis, T. metal'licus, 
an affection of the nervous system induced bv 
the inhalation, or other application to the body. 


TREMULOR 


1021 


TRI- 



Trendelenburg’s Position. 


of mercurial vapors, or other metals, like zinc. 
T. opiophago'rum, the trembling characteristic of 
opium-eaters. Persistent t., a tremor occurring 
whether the patient is at rest or in motion. T. 
potato'rum, “trembling of drinkers,” delirium 
TREMENS. Purring t., a thrill like the purring of 
a cat felt over the heart; due to mitral stenosis. 
T. saturni'nus, tremor due to lead-poisoning. 
Senile t., tremor due to old age. T. ten'dinum, 

“ trembling of the tendons,” subsultus tendi- 
NUM. Volitional t., tremor under the control of 
the will, as in some cases of insular sclerosis, 
trem'u-lor. A machine for vibratory massage. 
trem'u-lous. Shaking; trembling, as T. cataract or 
T. iris. T. pulse = pulsus tremulus. 
trench. = Fossa*. 

Trendelenburg’s position or posture (tven-deVen- 
burgz). That position in which the patient is 
placed flat on the 
back with body 
and thighs ele¬ 
vated to an angle 
of about 45°, the 
legs hanging over 
the edge of the 
table: used in 
abdominal sur- 
• gery, so that the 

abdominal viscera may be kept out of the way 
by gravitation. T.’s tampon, a tracheotomy 
tube surrounded by a rubber bag which may be 
inflated so as to prevent the oozing of blood, 
tre-pan'. A small, cylindrical saw used in trephin¬ 
ing like a carpenter’s brace and bit; trephine. 
ttre-pan'ner, one who trephines. Abaptiston. 
trep-a-na'ti o, trep-a-na'tion. Trephining, or the 
removal of bone with a trephine. T. cor'neae, re¬ 
moval of a circular piece from the cornea in cases 
of conical cornea. ^Autotrepanation. 
tre-pan'ning elevator. 

An instrument for 
raising the disk of 
bone cut by a tre¬ 
phine. 

trephine (tr^-fin' or tre- 
fain'). An instrument 
for removing a disk of 
bone, especially from 
the skull; trepan : de¬ 
nominated nasal, cor¬ 
neal, tympanic, etc., 
according to its uses, 
ftre-phi-na'tion; tre- 
phine'ment. tre-phi'- 
ner. tre-phi'ning. 
trep'i-dant abasia. Paroxysmal trepidant abasia. 
tre-pi-da'ti o cor'dis. Palpitation of the heart. [L.] 
ftrep-i-da'tion, a trembling, Tremor. 

Trepone'ma. A genus of recently discovered blood- 
organisms. X. paFlidum, the causative agent in 
syphilis; Spirochce'ta pal'lidum; Schaudinn s or¬ 
ganism; pale spirochaete; Spirone'ma pal’lidum. 
T. perten^ue, an organism found in abundance in 
FRAMBCESiA (yaws); 5 . pallid'ula. [L., “Pale, 
turning thread.” In June, 1905, Vuillemin sug¬ 
gested Spirochce'ta pal'lida as a type of a new 
genus Spirone’ma, using the specific name Spiro 
ne'ma pal'lidum for the organism discovered by 
Schaudinn as the cause of syphilis. As the name 
Spirone'ma is preoccupied in zoology, having 
been used by Meek in 1864 for a genus of mol- 
lusks, Stiles and Pfender under the international 



Trephine. 


code propose the name Microspirone'ma pal'li¬ 
dum, as the type species is Trepone'ma pal'lidum.] 

ftre-po-ne-mo'sis. 

Trep'pe. The step-like appearance of the graphic 
record of the first few contractions of a muscle 
caused by equal maximal stimuli. [Ger.] 

Tre-sil'li an’s sign. The appearance of Stenson’s 
duct as a bright red papilla, in parotitis, 
tre'sis. A wound ; perforation. boring.] 

tri-. Three; thrice : a combining form. The 
strictly chemical and pharmaceutical terms com¬ 
mencing with TRI- are incorporated in a single 
, list: all other words follow in their alphabetical 
place. [< L. tres three, fr. rpe'iq.] tri-a-can'- 
thine, an alkaloid: probably gleditschine.— tri- 
ac-et-am'ide, a white, crystalline substance, 
(C2H30)3N, formed by the action of acetic an¬ 
hydride upon acetonitril.— tri-ae'e-tate, a salt 
of acetic acid containing three molecules of the 
acid radical.— tri-ae'e-tin, a liquid compound, 
glyceryl triacetate, €3115(0021130)3, occurring in 
certain fats, as the oil from the seeds of Euon'ymus 
europce'us. — tri-ac-e-ton-am'ine, a crystalline 
compound, CgHj^NO, formed by the action of 
ammonia on acetone.— tri-a-cet'y-Iene = ben¬ 
zene.— tri-ac'id alcohol, alcohol, def. 3.— tri'- 
a-col, a proprietary preparation of ethylmOrphine- 
guaiacol.— tri'ad, an element or radical, like nitro¬ 
gen, capable of saturating three atoms of a 
monad element or radical.— tri-al-lyl-am'ine, an 
oily, liquid compound, N(C3H5)3.— tri-am'ide, 
Amide. —tri-am'i-do=az-o-ben'zol = Bismarck 
BROWN.— tri-am'ine, an amine made up of three 
ammonia atoms in which all or a part of 
the hydrogen is replaced by basic radicals.— 
tri-amd-no-di-phen’yl-tol-yl-car'bi-nol = rosan- 
ILINE.— tri-am-mon'ic, containing three ammoni¬ 
um molecules.— tri-ar'a-chin, a glyceride, C3H5- 
(OC2oH^, 0)3, found in peanut oil, cocoanut oil, 
and the fat from the seeds of Nephe'lium lappa'- 
ceum. — tri-a-tom'ic, containing or combining 
with three atoms of hydrogen; containing three 
atoms, as T. alcohol, alcohol: and T. molecule, 
a molecule which contains three atoms.— tri-ba'- 
sic, containing three atoms of replaceable hydro¬ 
gen; formed from a tribasic acid: said of salts.— 
tri-be'nin, a glyceride, C3H5(0C22H^30)3, found in 
oil of ben from Morin'ga clcif'era. — tri-brom-a- 
ce'tic acid, a crystalline substance, C2Br3H02, 
derived from acetic acid.— tri-bro-mal'de-hyde = 
BROMA L.— tri-bro-ma-lo'in, a compound from ba r- 
BALOiN and bromine.— tri-bro-man'i-line, a bro¬ 
mine compound with aniline or one of its salts: 
used in neuralgia.— tri-bro-meth'ane, tri-brom- 
meth'ane, tri-bro-mo-meth'ane = bromoform. 
tri-brom-hy'drin=THiosiNAMiNE.— tri-brom'ide, a 
compound containing three atoms of bromine to 
one of the base with which it is combined. — tri- 
bro-mo-phe'nol = bromol. — tri-brom-phe-nol- 
bis'muth =xeroform. —tri-brom-pro'pane, tri- 
brom-pro'pyl-ene = thiosinamine .—tri-brem-re- 
sor'ein, a precipitate by bromine water from a 
solution of resorcin.— tri-brom-sal'ol, an intestinal 
antiseptic which breaks up in the intestinal tract 
to tribromphenol and salicylic acid; cordol. Dose, 
I Grn. (15 grs.) — tri-bu'ty-rin, a liquid com¬ 
pound, €3115(00411-0)3, one of the constitu¬ 
ents of butter, mr Oaprin. — tri-caFcic, con¬ 
taining three atoms of calcium. — tri-cap'rin 
=CAPRiN, def. 2.— tri-ca-pro'in = caproin, def. 
2. — tri-cap'ry-lin, ts- caprylin. — tri-car-bal- 
lyFic acid, a crystalline substance, OgllgOg.— tri- 




TRI- 


1022 


TRI- 


car'bi-mide == cyanuric acid. — tri-cham-o-mil'- 

lol, a blue viscid compound, CgoH^gOg, found in oil 
of chamomile, oil of wormwood, etc.— tri-chlo- 
ra-ce'tic acid, a crystalline substance, C2HCI3O2. 
being acetic acid in which three hydrogen 
atoms are replaced by chlorine; acidum tri- 
CHLORACETICUM*; used as a caustic. i^Raabe’s 
TEST. T. aldehyde = chloral, anhydrous. — 
tri-chlor-al'de-hyde = CHLORAL, anhydrous. T. 
hydrate = CHLORAL hydrate. T.sox*y-phe-nyl- 
di-meth‘yl-py'ra-zol = hypnal. — tri-chlo-rami- 
dose-thyl'ic alcohol = chloralsammonium.— 
tri-chlor-bu’tyl-al'co-hol, tertiary = chloretone. 

— tri-chlo'ride, a compound, as iodine tri¬ 
chloride, containing three times as many atoms 
of chlorine as of the base with which it is com¬ 
bined. — tri-chlo-ro-meth'ane = chloroform. — 
tri-chlo-ro-meth'yl sulphite, an antiseptic.— tri- 
chlor-phe'nol, a substance, C6H2Cl3(OH), derived 
from carbolic acid: used as an antiseptic and a 
disinfectant.— tri-co'de-ine, a substance (CJ8H21- 
^©3)3, formed by the action of sulphuric acid 
upon codeine.— tri'co-sane, tri'ko-sane, a white 
solid, C23H48, contained in petroleum.— tri-cre'- 
sol, tri-kre'sol, an inexpensive disinfectant and 
germicide, said to be composed of 35% ortho* 
cresol, 40% metacresol, and 25% paracresol. 
Though more powerful than carbolic acid, it does 
not injure instruments or benumb the hands.— 
tri-cre-sol'a-mine, a solution containing 2% each 
of ethylene diamine and tricresol.— tri-cy-an'ic 
acid = CYANURIC ACID. — tri-dec'ane, a colorless 
liquid, C13H28, contained in American petroleum. 

— tri-doe'glin, the glyceride, C3H5(0Ci(,H350)3, of 
doeglic acid, forming the chief constituent of 
doegling oil.— tri-e-ni'cin, a glyceride, €3115(0022- 
H^iOja, found in the oil of the white and black 
mustard, in grape*seed oil, and in rape oil.— tri- 
eth'yl phosphine, a reagent used in determining 
disulphide in illuminating gas.— tri-eth-yl-am'- 
ine, a slightly toxic ptomaine, CgHjjN, procured 
from putrefying fish or by acting on ethyl iodide 
by ammonium.— tri-eth-yl-ro-san'i-line = Hoff¬ 
mann’s violet. — tri-fer'rin,an organic compound 
prepared by digesting the casein of cow’s milk 
with pepsin, and precipitating the solution with 
a ferric salt; ferric paranucleinate. It is absorbed 
by the intestines, passing the stomach unchanged. 
Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). tri-fer'rol, a liquid prep¬ 
aration containing 15% triferrin. — Trifo'- 
lium, a genus of leguminous plants including the 
clovers. T. arven'se is the field clover: used in 
gout; T. praten'se, the red clover: used as a 
domestic remedy in coughs; and T. re'pens, th.e 
white clover; an antarthritic.— tri-for'mol = tri- 
oxymethylene. — tri-gem'in, a complex sub¬ 
stance prepared from pyramidon and butylchlo- 
ralhydrate: analgesic and sedative. Dose, 0.3 to 
i.o Gm. (5 to 15 grs.).— tri-gen'ic acid, a white, 
crystalline substance, C3H7N3O2, formed by pass¬ 
ing cyanic acid vapor over aldehyde.— Trigonel'la 
fce'numsgrae'cum = fenugreek. — trig-o-nel'- 
line, FENUGREEK. — tri-hal'oid, a compound 
containing three atoms of hydroxyl to one of the 
base.— tri-hy'dric, containing three hydrogen 
atoms, as T. acid, an acid which contains three 
replaceable atoms of hydrogen.— tri-hy-po-gae'in, 
a glyceride, C3H5(0CigH290)3, from peanut oil.— 
trisim'ide = mellamide. — trisi'o-dide, a com¬ 
pound in which there are three atoms of iodine 
united with one of base or radical as in a com¬ 
pound such astrisiodideof iron, Felg.— trisi-o-do- 


cre'sol, trisi-o’do-met-a-cre'sol = losophan.— 
trisi-o*do-meth'ane = iodoformum*. — trUi-so- 
va-leTine, a compound, C 3 H 5 ( 0 C 5 Hj) 0 ) 3 , found 
in dolphin oil.— tri'ko-sane = tricosane. — tri- 
kre'sol = tricresol. — tri-lau'rin, a crystalline 
glyceride, C3H5(0Cj2H230)3, forming the chief con¬ 
stituent of cocoanut oil, and found in bayberry 
oil and palm*nut oil.— tri-li-no'le-in, a glyceride, 
C3H5 (OCj.8H3iO) 3, found in the drying oils, such 
as linseed oil, hempseed oil, sunflower oil, etc.— 
Tril'lium,.a genus of liliaceous plants, of which 
T. cer'nuum or pen'dulum and T. erec'ium are ex¬ 
amples, and from which latter the eclectic remedy, 
tril'lin or tril'li-in, is prepared by precipitat¬ 
ing the tincture made from its root: uses, 
tonic, expectorant, antiasthmatic, anti.septic, 
and styptic.— tri-mel'lic acid, a crystalline sub¬ 
stance, CgHgOg.— tri-mer-cu'ric, containing three 
atoms of bivalent mercury. — tri-me-sit'ic or 
tri-mes'ic acid, a colorless crystalline substance, 
CgHgOg, formed by the oxidation of mesity- 
lene with chromic=acid mixture.— tri-me-tal'lic, 
containing three atoms of a metal. — tri- 
meth-yl-am'ine. i. A volatile liquid pto¬ 
maine, (CH3)3N, found in various animal and 
vegetable tissues and also in putrefying animal 
matter, and prepared artificially by acting on 
methyl iodide with ammonium. It is a gastro*= 
intestinal irritant, and is isomeric with propyl¬ 
amine. 2. A 10% solution of propylamine in 
water.— tri-meth-yl-ben'zene or -zol = cumene. 
— tri-meth'y-lene. — tri-meth’y-lene-di-am'ine, a 
poisonous ptomaine, C3HjgN2, from cultures of 
cholera bacillus.— tri’meth-yl-eth'y-lene. i. = 
Amylene. 2. Rental. — tri‘meth-yl-gly'co-coll 
= BETAINE. — tri-meth-yl-vi'nyl ammonium hy¬ 
droxide = NEURiNE. — tri-meth-yl-ox-y-eth'yl 
ammonium hydroxide = choline. — tri-meth-yl- 
xan'thine = CAFFEINE. — tri-my-ris'tin, a crystal¬ 
line glyceride, C3H5(0C,3H270)3, found in nutmeg 
butter, palm=nut oil, cocoanut oil, butter, and 
goose*fat.— tri-ni'trate, a nitrate whose molecule 
contains three nitric acid radicals; ternitrate.— 
tri-ni'trin, tri-ni-tri'num = nitroglycerin. 
^ Tabell^ trinitrini. — tri-ni-tro-ben'- 
zene or -zol, a white, crystalline substance, 
CgH3(N02)3, derived from benzene. — tri-ni-tro- 
bu’tyl-a-zo'i-mide = musk Baur. — tri-ni-tro- 
cel'lu-lose, tri-ni-tro-cel'lu-lin, gun*cotton.— tri- 
ni-tro-cre'sol, an antiseptic;, trinitrometacresol. 
tri-ni-tro-glyc'er-in = nitroglycerin. — tri-ni- 
tro-phe'nol = picric acid. — tri-ni-tro-re-sor'ci- 
nol = STYPHNic ACID. — tri-o'le-in = olein. — 
tri'o-nal = sulphonethylmethanum*. — tri'- 
ose, a division of the class of monosaccharides 
having the formula C3Hg03, and represented by 
GLYCEROSE. — Tiios'teum perfolia'tum, an herba¬ 
ceous plant, the root of which is cathartic and 
emetic; fever*root.— tri-ox'ide, a compound con¬ 
taining three atoms of oxygen united with one 
of base or radical.— tri-ox*y-ac-e-to-phe'none = 
GALLACETOPHENOL. — tri-ox'y-ben'zcnc or -zol = 
PHLOROGLuciN. — tri-ox'y-meth-yl-an-thra-qui'- 
none = emodin. — tri-ox-y-meth'y-lene, a poly¬ 
meric condensation product of formaldehyde, 
(CH20)3, paraform; paraformaldehyde: an im¬ 
portant chemical for the purpose of liberating for¬ 
maldehyde gas for purposes of disinfection and 
for the internal administration of this drug by 
inhalations.— trip, iron subcarbonate.— tri-pal'- 
mi-tin = palmitin. — tri-pep'tide, a peptide con¬ 
taining three amino*acid radicals in the chain.— 





TRIACID MIXTURE 


1023 


TRICEPS 


tri-phe-ne-tol-guan'i-din hydrochlorate, a local 
anaesthetic: used in i% solutions in eyeswash.— 
tri-phe'nin, an analgesic and antipyretic com¬ 
pound; propionylphenetidin; methylphenacetin. 
Dose, 0.25 to 0.6 Gm. (4 to 10 grs.).— tri-phe'- 
nyl, the radical, (CgH5)3, tri-phe-nyl-am'ine, 
(C6H5)3N, tri-phe*nyl-di-hy-dro-gly-ox'a-line — 
AMARINE, and the antiseptic tri-phe*nyl-guan'i- 
dine. — tri-plum'bic, containing three atoms of 
lead.— trip'o-li, an earthy mineral used for 
cleansing and polishing metals.— trip'o-lich, a 
mixture used in making splints, composed of 
magnesium sulphate, gypsum, and powdered 
cork.— tri-ric-i-no'le-in, a glyceride, CgHgCOCig- 
H3403)3» l-he peculiar constituent of castor oil.— 
tri'sait, a salt in which there is one molecule of 
acid united to three molecules of base.— tris-ni'- 
trate = trinitrate. — tri-sper'mum, a poultice 
made of the crushed seeds of bay, cumin, and 
smallage. — tri-ste'a-rin = stearin — tri-sul'- 
phide, a compound containing three atoms of 
sulphur united with one element or radical. — 
trit'o-pine, a convulsive alkaloid, C42H5^N207, ob¬ 
tained from opium.— tri-tox'ide = trioxide. — 
trit'y-lene = propylene. — tri'va-lent, capable of 
replacing or combining with three atoms of 
hydrogen, ftri'va-lence. — tri-val'e-rin, a glycer¬ 
ide, 03115(0511902)3, found in the oil of the seal 
and other marine animals, 
tri-ac'id mixture, T. solution, ca- Ehrlich’s. 
tri'ad of Grancher. = Grancher’s triad. T. of 
Hutchinson = Hutchinson’s triad. 
tri-a-kai-dek-a-pho'bi a. Morbid dread of the num¬ 
ber thirteen. [< rpuiKaiSeKn thirteen.] 
tri'al by bier'sright. An ordeal in which the accused 
person was brought into the presence of the one 
murdered by violence. If blood flowed from the 
■wounds, the accused was adjudged guilty. T. 
case, a box containing trial lenses. T. frame, 
an adjustable frame for use with T. lenses or 
glasses, a set of lenses used in testing refraction. 
T. meal = test*meal. 

tri'an-gle. A three=cornered area; irigonum*. Among 
the triangles defined in this -w'ork are: Ass^zat’s, 
Bryant’s (— iliofemoral). Carotid, inferior 
and SUPERIOR, Cephalic, Digastric ( = sub¬ 
maxillary), Facial, Frontal, Grocco’s, Hes- 
selbach's. Iliofemoral, Infraclavicular. In¬ 
guinal {— Scarpa’s), Lesser’s. Macewen’s, 
Occipital, Paravertebral (= Grocco’s), Petit’s, 
Scarpa’s, Subclavian, Submaxillary, Suboc- 
cipital, Suprameatal (= M.vcewen’s), Surgical, 
and vesical (= trigone of the bladder). T. of 
election, the superior carotid triangle, so called 
as being the preferable place for tying the carotid. 
T. of necessity, the inferior carotid triangle, so 
called as being the place for tying the carotid 
when it cannot be tie*d in the superior carotid 
triangle. T. of the neck, anterior = anterior 
triangle. T. of the neck, posterior = posterior 
triangular space. T. of the tongue, the wedge* 
shaped spot seen at the top of the tongue in 
typhoid fever, ftri-an'gu-lar, having three an¬ 
gles or corners, as T. bone — os trigonum*: 
T. cartilage, a cartilage of the nose, one on each 
side of the nasal septum, continuous with the 
lower margin of the nasal bone; upper lateral 
cartilage; T. convolution, a convolution on the 
frontal lobe of the brain, bounded posteriorly by 
the opercular convolution: T. depression, a de¬ 
pression of the arytenoid cartilage of the larynx: 
7 . fascia = T. ligament, def. 2: T. fibrocartilage. 


a ligament of the inferior radio»ulnar articula¬ 
tion, forming with the radius an arch under 
which the first row of carpal bones is received: 
T. fossa, the shallow fossa just above the concha 
of the ear, between the bifurcations of the ant- 
helix ; fossa of the anthelix : T. lamella, a fibrous 
layer joining the choroid plexuses of the third 
ventricle: T. ligament, (i) a dense band of fibres 
stretched across the outlet of the pelvis. It con- 
si.sts of two layers, the superficial or inferior and 
the deep or superior, and is pierced by the 
urethra; (2) a process of the aponeurosis of the 
external oblique muscle, extending upward from 
the attachment of Gimbernat’s ligament and the 
internal pillar of the abdominal ring, behind 
which opening the triangular ligament lies: it is 
united in the midsline with the opposite liga¬ 
ment. Anterior t. ligament, the superficial layer of 
the deep perineal fascia: Posterior t. ligament, 
the deep layer of the deep perineal fascia: T. 
ligament of the liver, the lateral ligament of the 
liver: F. nucleus, the cuneate nucleus: T. pelvis, 
a pelvis having a triangular inlet: T. muscle, the 
depressor angulioris: T. recess, the recess of the 
third ventricle: T. space, the threescornered 
space on the external surface of the bladder in¬ 
cluded between the diverging vasa deferentia 
and the line of reflection of the rectovesical 
pouch of the peritoneum: T. suture — Simo's’s 
operation; and T. swab, a threescornered,. 
pocket*like surgical swab, 
triangula'ris labio'rum. The depressor anguli 
ORIS. T. na'si, the compressor naris muscle. 
T. ster'ni, a muscle depressing the ribs which 
arises from the lower part of the sternum and 
the ensiform cartilage and is inserted into the 
cartilages of the third to sixth ribs; sternocostalis. 
tri-ang'u-lum. = Triangle. T. fluc'tans, the pos¬ 
terior commissure of the cerebrum. T. medulla'- 
re = internal capsule. 

trib'a-dism. i. Masturbation between two fe¬ 
males by mutual friction of the genitals. 2. 
An hermaphrodite with a large clitoris. [ < rpi^eiv 
to rub.] ftrib'as, a practiser of tribadism or one 
affected with hermaphrodism. 
tri-bas'i-lar. Having three bases. T. synosteosis, 
shortening of the bases of the cranium with 
atrophy of the basal portion of the brain: a cause 
of idiocy, cs- Microcephalus. 
tri-bo-lu-min-es'cent. Luminous upon percussion, 
tri-bra'chi us. A monster with three arms, 
tri-bro-mo-phe'nol. = Bromol. T.sbismuth = 

XEROFORM. 

Trib'ulus lanugino'sus. A plant of the order 
Zygophyl'lece, a native of India. Its fruit is 
called by the natives burr.a gookeroo. 
tri-cau-da'lis. = Posterior auris. 
tri-cel'lu-lar. Three*celled. 

tri-ceph'a-lus. A monstrosity with three heads, 
tri'ceps. Having three heads. T. adduc'tor fem'- 
oris, the adductor brevis, adductor longus, and 
adductor magnus muscles, considered as forming 
one muscle. T. au'ris, the retrahens aurem. T. 
brachia'lis (bra'chii) = t. extensor cubiti. T. 
clonus, irregular convulsive movements caused by 
tapping the tendon of the triceps. T. exten'sor 
cru'ris, a large muscle which extends the leg. It 
is made up of—i. The vastus externus, arising 
from the trochanter major and the outer lip of 
the linea aspera and inserted into the patella and 
fascia covering the knee-joint. 2. The vastus in¬ 
terims, arising from the trochanter minor and in- 


TRICHANGEIA 


1024 


TRICHO- 


serted in like manner into the patella and fascia. 
3. The crurceus, arising from between the trochan¬ 
ters and the inner lip of the linea aspera and in¬ 
serted into the patella. T. exten'sor cu'biti, a 
muscle arising by three heads from the anterior 
border of the scapula and from the os humeri and 
inserted into the olecranon. It extends the fore¬ 
arm. T. femora'lis = T. EXTENSOR cruris. T. 
humera'lis = T. extensor cubitl T. mag'nus 
= ADDUCTOR MAGNUS. T. mi'nOT = ADDUCTOR 
LONGUS. T. reflex, a reflex consisting in extension 
of the forearm by tapping the triceps extensor 
cubiti muscle. T. su'rae, the gastrocnemius and 
the soleus considered as forming one muscle. 
[< L. tres three+ ca'put head.] 
tri-chan'gei a. The capillary vessels, 
tri-chan-gei-ec'ta-sis. Dilatation of 
the capillary vessels. [ < dp'i^ hair + 
ayyelov vessel-f e/cracri^' dilatation.] 
tri-chas'mus. = Hypertrichiasis. 
trich-a-tro'phi a. Brittleness of the 
hair, with atrophied condition of 
the hairsbulbs. 

trichauxe (tr«-coc'si). Excessive 
growth of hair, with increase both 
of quantity and of size; hypertri¬ 
chiasis. 

trich'i a. Entropion; trichiasis, 
tri-chi'a-sis. i. An inversion of the 
eyelashes, which irritate the eye¬ 
ball. It is usually the effect of en¬ 
tropion. 2. A disease of the kid¬ 
neys or of the bladder, in which 
bodies like hairs are passed in the 
urine. 3. Any disease of the hair. 

T. of the anus, inversion of the hairs 
in the anal region. T. ves'ic8e = 

PILIMICTION. 

Trichil'ia. A genus of meliaceous trees, 
several species of which are emetic 
or purgative. 

Trichi'na. A genus of nematode 
worms, of which T. spira'lis is com¬ 
monly found as a quiescent encyst¬ 
ed parasite in the tissue of the vol¬ 
untary muscles of swine. When a 
portion of trichinous flesh is de¬ 
voured raw or underscooked by Trichina spi- 
man, the muscular tissue and the EnVy^sted 
encysting capsules are liquefied by larva. 2. 
digestion, and the parasites are set 
free in the cavity of the intestines, ^' 

where they multiply rapidly, the 
* embryo causing trich-i-no'-sis, a disease attended 
with symptoms of acute indigestion, fever, pain 
in the muscles, etc. Eosinophilia. ftrich- 
i-ni'a-sis = trichinosis, trich-i-nif'e-rous, con¬ 
taining Trich'inae. trich'i-ni-za'tion, the act of 
infecting or the state of being infected with 
Trichi'ncB. trichd-no-pho'bi a, morbid dread of 
trichinosis, trichd-no-pho'bist. tri-chi'no-scope, 
an instrument for ascertaining the presence of 
Trichi'n<2 in meat, trich-i-not'ic, relating to 
trichinosis, trich'i-nous, containing Trichi'ncB. 
TrichineTla spira'lis. The zoologically correct term 
for Trichina spiralis. 

tri-chis'mus. A hairslike and scarcely perceptible 
fracture of a bone. 

tri-chi'tis. Inflammation of the hairsbulbs. 
tri-chlor-meth'ane. = Chloroform. 
trich'o-. Relating to, or likeness to, hair: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< hair.] trich-o-aes-the'si a, hair* 


sensibility.— trich’o-bac-te'ri a. i. Thread»like 
bacteria. 2. Forms of bacteria possessing flagella. 

— trich-o-be-zoar', a hairy concretion in the 
stomach, ^^gagropilus ; enterolite.— trich- 
o-car'di a, an affection in which elevations caused 
by exudative pericarditis occur on the heart, giving 
it a sort of hairy appear¬ 
ance ; hairy heart.—Trich- 
oceph'alus, a genus of 
nematode worms, as T. 
af'finis, a species found in 
the large intestine of 
sheep, goats, and cattle: 

T. campan'ula, a species 
found in the intestine of 
the cat: T. crena'tus, a 
species found in the large 
intestine of the dog: and 
T. dis'par, T. hom'inis = 

Trichuris depressuscu- 
LA. ftrich'o-ceph-a-li'a- 
sis, the diseased state due 
to the presence of some 
species of T richoceph'- 
alus. — trich-o-cir'sus, 
pathological dilatation of 
the capillaries.— trich-o- 
cla'sia, tri-choc'la-sis, 
breaking of the hair owing 
to its brittle condition.— 
trich*o-cryp-to'sis, disease 
of the hairsfollicles. — 
trich*o-dan-gei'a, the cap¬ 
illaries. ttrich*o-dan-ge- 
i'tis.—trich'o-dar-te-ri-i'- 
tis, inflammation of the 
arterioles.—Trichodec'tes, 
a genus of parasitic in¬ 
sects, as T. la'tus, the dogslouse, found especially 
on puppies; and T. sphceroceph'alus, the red« 
headed sheep=louse, found in the wool of sheep. 

— trich'o-do-phle-bi'tis, inflammation of the 
venules.— trich'osep-i-the-li-o'ma, a tumor start¬ 
ing from the epithelium of the lanugo=follicles. 

— trich'o-gen, any substance promoting the 
growth of the hair, ftri-chog'e-nous.— trich-o- 
glos'si a, the appearance of the tongue due 
to thickening of the papillae.— trich*o-hy'a-line, 
a substance found by Vorner in the hair^roots, 
which differs from eleidin.— tri'choid, resembling 
hair.— trich-o-lab'i um, tri-chol'a-bis, trich-o-lab'- 
i-on, tweezers for removing hairs.— trich-o-leu- 
co'sis = CANITIES. — trich'o-Uth, a hairy concre¬ 
tion.— trich-o-lo'gi a, pulling or tearing of the 
hair, Carphology. — tri-chol'o-gy, a treatise 
on hair, or the science 
of hair. — tri-cho'ma. 

I. Plica polonica. 2. 

Entropion.— tri-cho'- 
ma-phyte, a vegetable 
growth found in plica, 
def. 2, and believed 
to be its cause.— tri- 
chom'a-tose, affected 

with PLICA POLONICA. 

— tri-chom-a-to'sis = 

PLICA, def. 2. ftri- 

chom'a-tous. — tri'- Trichomonas vaginalis. 
chome, the outgrowth (Emerson.) 

from the epidermis of 

a plant.— Trichom'o-nas, a genus of flagellate 
protozoa, as T. intestina'lis, found in the faeces in 




Trichocephalus dis¬ 
par.— I. Egg. 2. Fe¬ 
male. 3. Male. (Wil¬ 
son.) 














TRICHOSTRONGYLUS INSTABILIS 1025 TRIFACIAL 


cases of acute diarrhoea, typhoid fever, and ente¬ 
ritis: and T. vagina'lis, found in the mucus of the 
vagina in leucorrhoea. tm- Trypanosoma. — trich- 
o-my-co'sis, trich'o-my-ce-to'sis. i. A disease of 
the hair due to vegetable parasites, as T. bar'bcs, 
sycosis parasitica: T. circina'ta, ringworm of the 
hairy scalp: T. favo'sa, favus: T. nodo'sa, T. 
nodula'ris, an affection characterized by the 
formation of black nodes at regular intervals 
upon the hairs; and T. pustulo'sa, parasitic dis¬ 
ease of the hair of a pustular nature. 2. A col¬ 
lective name for skin diseases due to parasites. 

— trich-o-no-do'sis. [If/. M. ’06.] trich-o-no'- 
sis, tri-chon'o-sus, disease of the hair.— tri-chop'- 
a-thy, disease of the hair. ftrich-o-path'ic. — 
tri-choph'a-gy, the habit of hairseating, tri-cho- 
phyt'ics, substances which aid the growth of 
the hair.— Trichoph'yton, a 
genus of fungi parasitic on 
the human skin and causing 
tinea, as T. me galas'poron 
ecto'thrix, a species found in 
Tinea sycosis and in some 
cases of ringworm of the 
nails: T. me gala s'par on endo'- 
thrix, a species found in ring¬ 
worm in man: and T. ion'- 
surans, a species producing 
herpes tonsurans; Micros- 
PORON MENTAGROPHYTES. 
t tri-cho-phyt'ic. — trich'o- 
phy-to'sis, disease due to 
Trichoph'yton ton'surans .— 
trich‘o-po-li-o'sis, grayness 
of the hair; canities.— trich- 
op-ti-lo'sis. I. Trichorrhexis 
nodosa, e. The condition in 
which the hairs are covered 
with featherslike projections; 
due to the macerating effect 
of excessive perspiration.— 
trich-or-rhoe'a, falling out of 
the hair.— trich-or-rhex'is, breaking of the hair, 
as T. nodo'sa, a disease of the hair characterized 
by the formation of one or more swellings along 
the shafts of the hairs, which easily break off at 
these places; Beigel’s disease.— Trichosan'thes, a 
genus of herbaceous plants comprising many 
species, mostly Asiatic, some of which are used 
in medicine. — trich-os'chi-sis, splitting of the 
hairs.— tri-chos'co-py, examination of the hair. 

— tri-cho'sis, a generic term for diseases of the 
hair, as T. a'thrix, alopecia: cervical myelopathic 
t. [T[ L. j. ’07]: T. de'color, discoloration of the 
hair: T. defor'mis, degeneration of the hair: T. 
dis'trix, trichoptilosis: T. pli'ca, plica polonica: 
T. sensiti'va, a sensitive condition of the scalp; 
T. seto'sa, a thick, bristly state of the hair. ^ 
Atrichosis; hypertrichiasis; p.\r.\trichosis. 

— Trichoso'ma contor'tum, a round worm of 
chickens. [^£>.’05.] T. hepat'icum. [^Hyg.buL 
25.]— Trichos'porum beigeffi, a parasite causing 
trichorrhexis nodosa.— T.gigan'teum, c^piedra. 

— trich-o-syph'i-lis, trich'o-syph-i-lo'sis, a dis¬ 
eased condition of the hair due to syphilitic 
infection.— Trichothe'cium, a fungus parasitic 
upon the hair, one species of which, T. ro'seum, 
has been found in the ear.— trich*o-til-lo-nia'- 
ni a, an insane impulse to pull out one’s hair. 

Trichostrongy'lus insta'bilis. =Strongylus sub- 

TILIS. 

tri -chot'o-mous. Divided into threes. 

65 



Trichophyton.— 
The fungus of ring¬ 
worm, as found in 
a broken-off hair- 
stump, the hair be¬ 
ing thoroughly dis¬ 
integrated by the 
invasion. Spores 
and chains of 
spores. ( X about 
400.) 


tri-cho'ton. Scalp. 

tri'chro-ism. The phenomenon of a body seeming 
to be of three different colors, according to the 
way in which the luminous rays traverse it: seen 
in certain precious stones, ftri-chro'ic. 
tri-chro-mat'ic, tri-chro'mic eye. A normal eye; 
an eye by which all colors can be perceived, be¬ 
cause the red, green, and blue sensitive end=organs 
are in a normal condition, ftri-chro'mic vision, 
tri'chro-mats, those who see only red, green, and 
violet in the bright spectrum. 

Trich'ter-brust. Funnebbreast. [Ger.] 
trichu'ris depressus'cula. A parasite present in the 
caecum of most dogs, and sometimes found in the 
large intestines of man, giving rise to anaemia; 
whip=worm; thread*worm: Trichoceph'alus dis'- 
pcir; Trichoceph'alus horn'inis. It is characterized 
by the extremely long filiform neck and the oval* 
shaped eggs with plugs in both ends, 
tri-cip'i-tal. i. Having three heads. 2. Relating 
to the triceps. T. artery, a branch of the pos- 
terior circumflex artery to the triceps muscle, 
tri'color. Having three colors, 
tri' corn. A lateral ventricle of the brain, from its 
threeshorned shape, ftri-cor'nate, tri-cor'nute, 
having three homs or horn*like processes, 
tri-crot'ic, tri'cro-tous. Having three beats. T. 
pulse, a pulse the sphygmographic tracing of 
which shows three elevations. T. wave, a third 
wave in the sphygmographic tracing, ftri'cro- 
tism, the condition of being tricrotic. 
tri-cus'pid. Having three points; specifically ap¬ 
plied to the T. VALVE. T. disease, disease of the 
tricuspid valve. T. incompetence, T. insuffi¬ 
ciency, INCOMPETENCE OF THE VALVES. T. 
murmur, a murmur caused by a lesion of the 
tricuspid valve. T. regurgitation, regurgitation 
of blood occurring at the aperture guarded by 
the tricuspid valve. T. stenosis, narrowing of 
the tricuspid orifice. T. tooth, a tooth with three 
cusps on the crown. T. valve, the valve with 
three cusps, anterior, middle, and posterior, which 
guards the opening from the right auricle to the 
right. ventricle of the heart; right auriculo=ven- 
tricular valve; valvula tricuspidalis*. T. valvu¬ 
lar disease, disease of the tricuspid valve. T. 
vertebra, the sixth cervical vertebra of the lower 
animals, ftri-cus'pi-date. 
tri'dent hand. A divergence of the third and 
fourth fingers at the base of the second phalanx, 
seen in achon¬ 
droplasia, 
tri-den'tate. Hav¬ 
ing three teeth, 
tri • der-o s at - lod'y- 
mus. A triple 
monster combin¬ 
ing the features 
of a derodidy- 
mus and an at- 
lantodidymus. 
trid'y-mus. = 

Triplet mon¬ 
ster. 

tri-el'con. An instrument composed of three flat, 
polished, slender branches, which are about 
twelve inches long and are each terminated by a 
sort of claw, with blunt edges: used to extract 
foreign bodies from wounds, 
tri-en-ceph'a-lus. A monstrosity lacking the or¬ 
gans of smell, hearing, and vision, 
tri-fa'ci al. A term applied to the fifth pair of 



Trident hand. (Fussel.) 




























0 


TRIFID 


1026 


TRIPHTHEMIA 


nerves, their three divisions being distributed on 
the face, lar Trigeminal, T. neuralgia, neural¬ 
gia in the region of the fifth nerve, 
tri'fid. Threescleft. 

tri-fo'li o-sis. A disease of cattle from eating an un¬ 
known fungus along with alsike and Swedish clover, 
tri-gas'tric. Having three bellies, as a muscle, 
tri-gem'i-nal. Threefold ; triple; also, relating to 
the trigeminal nerve. T. cough, a reflex cough 
due to irritation of the fibres of the trigeminal 
nerve distributed to the pharynx, nose, and exter¬ 
nal auditory meatus. T. foramen, a foramen 
formed out of the trigeminal notch by the ten¬ 
torium. T. impression, the depression for the 
gasserian ganglion. T. naevus, a nsevus, usually 
conforming with the distribution of branches of 
the trigeminal nerve. T. nerve, the fifth and 
largest pair of the encephalic nerves: trifacial, as 
its three principal branches, called the ophthalmic, 
the superior maxillary, and the inferior maxillary, 
are chiefly distributed to the face; nervus tri¬ 
geminus*. It has its deep origin by two roots: 
an ascending, sensory root, which arises through¬ 
out the length of the medulla and is associ¬ 
ated with fibres from the sensory nucleus, and a 
descending, motor root, which arises from the gray 
matter of the sylvian aqueduct and the motor 
nucleus and is continuous with the inferior maxil¬ 
lary nerve. T. neuralgia = tic douloureux. 
T. notch, a notch in the superior border of the 
petrosal, near the apex, for the transmission of the 
trigeminal nerve, T. pulse = pulsus trigeminus. 
tri-gem'i-ni, pi. of trigem'inus. The fifth pair of 
nerves. 0-Trigeminal nerve. 
trig'ger area or point. A sensitive area, irritation of 
which may cause pathological or physiological 
changes at another point. T. finger, a spasmodic 
and momentary arrest of the movement of a fin¬ 
ger in performing flexion or extension, followed 
by its snapping into place, sometimes with an 
audible sound. T. material, a hypothetical body 
whose decomposition causes the breaking up 
of protoplasm directly concerned in the per¬ 
formance of a function. 

tri'gone. =Trigonum. Pawlik’s t., that portion 
of the anterior vaginal wall corresponding to the 
trigone of the bladder. T. of the bladder or 
Lieutaud’s t. =^trigonum vesicae [Lieutaudi]*. 
tri'go-nid. The first three cones of a lower molar 
tooth, ftri-gon'o-dont. A tooth having three 
cones in a triangle. 

trig'o-no-ceph'a-ly. Triangular shape of the ante¬ 
rior portion of the cranium, due to compression 
or to the premature imion of the sagittal, frontal, 
or coronal sutures, ttrig-o-no-ce-phal'ic; trig-o- 
no-ceph'a-lous. trig*o-no-ceph'a-lus. 
tri-go'num. Trigone; triangle; a triangular space: 
specifically applied to the trigone of the bladder 
= T. VESICAE [Lieutaudi]* T. acus'tici, a tri¬ 
angular area on the lower half of the dorsal sur¬ 
face of the medulla bounded externally by the 
restiform body, internally by the hypoglossal tri¬ 
angle, and above by the striae acusticae. T. cere- 
bra^le, the fornix of the cerebrum, T. cervi- 
caTe. i. A carotid triangle, 2. The basal por¬ 
tion of the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord. 
T. clavopectora'le, a triangle on the chest bounded 
by the clavicle, the pectoralis minor, and the 
thorax. T. col'li, one of the surgical triangles 
of the neck. T. coracoacromia'le, a triangle 
bounded by the coracoid process, the apex of the 
acromion, and the concave border of the clavicle. 


T. dorsa'le, the space between the anterior pair 
of corpora quadrigemina. T. du'rum, the space 
between the anterior corpora quadrigemina. T. 
fiuc'tans, the posterior cerebral commissure. T. 
haben'ulae, a triangular area in the optic thala¬ 
mus between the pulvinar, habenula, and mid¬ 
brain. T. hypoglos'si, a triangular area marking 
the deep origin of the twelfth nerve, bounded 
above by the striae acusticae, internally by the 
median furrow, and externally by the groove 
separating it from the trigonum acustici; ala alba 
medialis, T. lemnis'ci, the trigone of the fillet. 
T. lieutau'di = T. vesica. T. lumba'le, Petit’s 
lumbar triangle. T. olfacto'rium, the portion of 
cortical gray matter between the two roots of 
the olfactory tract; Broca’s olfactory area. T. 
pal'ati, the palatal triangle. T. pen'sile, the pos¬ 
terior commissure of the cerebrum. T. scar'pae, 
r3- Scarpa’s triangle. T. va'gi, a triangular 
area upon the medulla indicating the origin of 
the pneumogastric nerve, Ala cinerea. T. 
ventric'uli, the collateral trigone of the lateral 
ventricle of the medial surface of the cerebral 
hemisphere. T. vesi'cae [Lieutau'di]*, the trigone 
of the bladder: a triangular area on the interior 
of the bladder between the openings of the 
ureters and the orifice of the urethra, ftrig^o-nal 
or trig'o-nus, threescornered; triangular, 
trisin-i-od'y-mus. A monster with a single body 
and three heads united behind, 
tri'labe. An instrument having at its termination 
three branches, which can be expanded and con¬ 
tracted at-will, with the object of extracting 
foreign bodies from the bladder, 
tri-lam'i-nar. Consisting of three layers, as T. 
blastoderm, the stage of development in which 
the embryo is represented by the three primary 
layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and entoderm. 
tri-lat'e-ral. Three*sided. 
tri-lo'bate, tri'lobed. Threeslobed. 
tri-loc'u-lar. Threescelled. 

tri-man'u-al. Done by the aid of three hands, as 
in certain forms of abdominal palpation, 
tri-mas'ti-gate. Having three flagella, 
tri-men'su al, tri-mes'tri al. Occurring every three 
months. 

tri-met'ric system. The rhombic system of crys¬ 
tallography. 

tri-morph'ic. Existing under three forms, ftri- 
morph'ism. tri-mor'phous. 
tri'neu-ric. Having three neurons, or axisscylinder 
processes: said of nervescells. 
tri-no'dal. Having three nodes, 
tri-o-ceph'a-lus, tri-o-ce-pba'li a. =Triencepha- 
LUS, triencephalia. 

tri-oph-thal'mus. A monster having three eyes, 
tri-o-pod'y-mus. A single^headed monster with 
three faces. 

tri-or'chis, tri-or'chid. A person who has three 
testicles, ftri-or'chi-dy; -dism. 
tri-o'tus. A DiPROSOPUS having three ears, 
trip'a-ra. A woman who has borne three children, 
tripe. The first stomach or “paunch,” the second 
stomach or “ honeycomb,” and the fourth 
stomach or “ reed” of the ox, together with the 
rectum or “ roll.” 

tri'pes. A monstrosity with three feet, 
tri-pha-lan'gi a, -gy. The presence of a third 
phalanx in the thumb or great toe. 
tri-phar'ma-cum. A preparation of three drugs, 
tri-pha'sic. Having three variations, 
triph-the'mi a. The retention of waste matter. 


TRIPIER’S AMPUTATION 


1027 


TROCAR 


Tripier’s amputation (tri-pi-ez). Partial amputa¬ 
tion of the foot, the calcaneum being sawn on a 
level with the sustentaculum tali, 
tri-ple'gia. J. N. M. D. ’o^.] 
trip'le phosphate. = Phosphate, ammonium mag¬ 
nesium. T. placenta, the placenta of triple 
pregnancy. T. stain, Ehrlich’s. T. vision = 

TRIPLOPIA. 

trip'let. I. One of three children born at the same 
birth. 2. A combination of three lenses for mag¬ 
nifying. T. monster, a monster having its parts 
tripled. 

tri'plex. Triple. T. pills, i. The pilulcB triplices oi 
the N. F., each containing 2 grs. of aloes, i gr. of 
mass of mercury, and ^ gr. of resin of podophyl¬ 
lum. 2. Francis’s triplex pill, containing f gr. of 
aloes, f gr. of scammony, ^ gr. of mass of mer¬ 
cury, 77^5- min. of croton oil, ^ min. of oil of cara¬ 
way, and tincture of aloes and myrrh, q. s. 
trip-lo-blas'tic. Having the blastoderm made up 
of three layers. 

trip-lo'pi a. Disordered vision in which objects are 
tripled. [CiTpiTrTioog triple+ dipig sight.] 
tri'pod. A stool, table, or vessel having three feet. 
Haller’s t. = ccELiAC ARTERY. T. magnifier, a 
simple microscope mounted on a three-legged 
stand. Vital t., the brain, the heart, and the lungs, 
each being absolutely essential to life; tripod of 
life. [ < rp£lg three-fTToiOf, Trodog foot.] 

Trip'per. Gonorrhoea. T.sfaden, gonorrhoeal threads. 
[Ger.] 

tri-pros'o-pus. A monster with three fused faces, 
trip'sis. Trituration. [< rpiipig.] 
trip-to-ko'ri a. A condition in which there are three 
pupils. 

trip-u-da'ti o. Chorea. [L.] 

tri'pus coeli'acus or T. hal'leri. The branches of the 
coeliac artery. [L.] 

trique'tra os'sa. Wormian bones. [L.] 
tri-quet'rum. i. The cuneiform bone of the hand. 
2. A wormian bone, ftri-quet'rous, triangular, 
as T. bone— TRiQVETKVM. 
tri-ra'di-ate. Radiating in three directions. T. 
fissure, the orbital fissure or sulcus. T. pelvis = 
ROSTRATE PELVIS. T. sulcus. I. The orbital sul- 
cus. 2. The three-pointed depression marking 
off the corpora albicantia from each other and 
from the tuber cinereum. ftri-ra'di-us, trans¬ 
verse ridges situated on the palm of the hand at 
the base of the fingers; Galton’s deltas. i^*Ber- 
tillon’s system. 

tris'mus. A tetanic spasm, especially one in the 
region of the trigeminal nerve; locked jaw; spe¬ 
cifically TETANUS. T. capistra'tus, a condition 
in which there is inability to open the mouth on 
account of adhesions between the gums and 
cheeks. T. catarrhaTis maxilla'ris, neuralgia of 
the jaw. T. dolorif'icus, tic douloureux. T. nas- 
cen'tium, T. neonato'rum, a variety of tetanus 
usually occurring within two weeks from birth 
and due to infection by way of the umbilicus. 
T. sardon'icus = Risus sardonicus. T. traumat'- 
icus, traumatic tetanus. T. u'teri, spasmodic 
contraction of the neck of the uterus, ■ftris'mic. 
tris'moid, a variety of trismus nascentium once 
thought to be due to pressure upon the occipital 
bone during or after delivery, 
tri-splanch'ni a. = Cholera. 

tri-splanch'nic. Supplying the three great body- 
cavities and their viscera. T. nerve, the great 
sympathetic nerve or gangliated cord, a nerve, 
or, rather, a series of ganglia joined together by 


nervous filaments, which extends the whole 
length of the trunk on each side of the vertebral 
column, and is connected by branches of commu¬ 
nication {rami communicantes) with a majority of 
the spinal nerves, and also with some of the cra¬ 
nial nerves. Bichat considered it to be the ner¬ 
vous system of organic life, as contradistinguished 
from the brain and spinal marrow, which, with 
their appropriate nerves, constitute the nervous 
system of animal life. 

tri-ster'nal bone. The ensiform appendix. 
tri-sti-chi'a-sis. A condition in which there are three 
rows of eyelashes, Distichia. 
tris'tis. Sad; demure. [L.] ftris-ti-ma'ni a, mel¬ 
ancholia. tris-ti'ti a, melancholy, 
tri-sul'cate. Having three grooves. 

Trit. Abbr. for L. triiu'ra triturate, 
trit-a-nop'si a. Blue or violet color blindness, 
tri-tae'us. Tertian fever. [L.] ftri-tae-oph'y-es 
or tri-tae-oph'y-a, a fever of tertian type, 
tri-tic'e-o-glos'sus. = Bochdalek’s muscle. 
tri-tic'e-ous. Resembling a wheat grain; wheat¬ 
like. T. cartilages, small cartilages found in the 
larynx. T. nodule = corpus triticeum. 
Trit'icum. i. A genus of the natural order Gram- 
4 ina'cece; wheat. 2. The U. S. P. name for the 
dried rhizome of Agropy'rum re'pens, or couch- 
grass, gathered in the spring: used in irritable 
bladder, cystitis, etc., in the form of a decoction 
or the officinal fluidextractum tritici*. T. 
repens = Agropy'rum re'pens, see above under 
Triticum. T. vulga're, common wheat, of which 
the chief constituents are starch, gluten, and 
albumin, ftrit'i-cin, a principle extracted from 
Agropy'rum {Trit'icum) re'pens. 
trit'o-cone. The posterior external cone of the 
upper premolar teeth. « 

tri-to'ri um, tri-tu'ri um, trit'ure. A receptacle 
for .separating fluids of different specific gravity, 
tri-to-tox'in. A toxin not readily combining with 
the antitoxin, Deuterotoxin ; prototoxin. 
tri-to-ver'te-brate. ’ A bone of the limbs considered 
as a vertebral element, ftri-to-ver'te-bral. 
tri-to'vum. The ovum in its third stage, 
tri-tu-ber'cu-lar. Having three tubercles; tri¬ 
cuspid. 

trit'u-rant. Serving for division or trituration, as 
the molar teeth. 

tri-tu-ra'ti o, pi. -ratio'nes; trit-u-ra'tions according 
to the U. S. P. are prepared, unless otherwise di¬ 
rected, by thoroughly mixing in fine powder i 
part by weight of the substance with 9 parts of 
sugar of milk. T. elateri'ni*, trituration of 
elaterin. Dose, 0.03 Gm. gr.). trit'u-ra-ble. 
trit'u-rate. trit-u-ra'tion, the process of reducing 
solid bodies to powder by continued rubbing, 
trit'u-ra-tor. 

tri'valve speculum. A three-bladed speculum, 
triv'i a. The intersec¬ 
tion of the semicir¬ 
cular canals, 
tro'car, tro'char. An 
instrument used in 
the operation of tap¬ 
ping, or paracentesis, 
consisting of a tube 
(cannula) through 
which passes a 
sharp-pointed instrument for perforating the tis¬ 
sues. Duchenne’s t. Lancet t., a trocar with 
a lancet-like perforator. Piloting t., a trocar for 
guiding. 



Various forms of Tro- 
chars. 







TROCH. 


1028 


TROCHLEA 


a jointed tracheotomy tube; Durham’s trocar. 
Rectal t., a trocar for tapping the bladder through 
the rectum. 

Troch. Abbr. for L. irochis'cus, a troche or lozenge. 

tro-chan'ter. A term applied originally to the ball 
on which the femur turns in its socket: applied 
to two processes of the femur, a greater (T. 
major*) on the outer side of the bone and a 
lesser (T. minor*) on the inner side. T. ter'tius. 
I. The gluteal tuberosity. 2. An occasional proc¬ 
ess above the outer condyle of the femur. [< 
rpoxav to turn or revolve.] fti'o-chan-ter'ic, as 
r. fossa, a deep pit on the posterior surface of the 
femur behind the trochanter, for insertion of the 
tendon of the internal obturator muscle; digital 
fossa; fossa trochanteric a*. 

tro-chan'tin. The small trochanter of the femur, 
ftro-chan-tin'i an. 

tro'char. =- Trocar. 

tro'che. A tablet or lozenge. i^Trochisci. 

tro-chid'i-form, tro'chi-form. Resembling a wheel. 

tro'chin, troch'i-nus. Chaus.sier’s term for the lesser 
tuberosity of the humerus, ftro-chin'i an. 

tro-chis'ci. The U. S. P. name for troches or lozen¬ 
ges ; the plural of troch iscus. T. a'cidi tan'nici*, 
troches of tannic acid: made from 6 Gm of tannic 
acid, 65 Gm. of sugar, 2 Gm. of tragacanth, and 
a sufficient quantity of stronger orange^flower 
water to make 100 troches. These are useful in 
relaxation of the uvula and chronic inflammation 
of the fauces. Dose, i to 2 troches. T. ammo'nii 
chlo'ridi*, troches of ammonium chloride: made 
from ammonium chloride, 10 Gm.; extract of 
glycyrrhiza, 20 Gm.; tragacanth, 2 Gm.; sugar, 
50 Gm.; and syrup of Tolu, a sufficient quantity to 
make 100 troches. These are largely used in con¬ 
gested conditions of the pharynx and larynx. 
Dose, r to 2 troches. T. cat'echu, troches of cate¬ 
chu: the 1890 U. S. P. name for troches made from 
catechu, 6 Gm.; sugar, 65 Gm.; tragacanth, 2 
Gm.; and a sufficient quantity of orange=flower 
water to make 100 troches. These are useful in 
prolapsus of the uvula and other forms of relaxa¬ 
tion of the fauces. Dose, i to 2 troches, m- T. 
GAMBiR. T. cre'tae, troches of chalk: the 1890 
U. S. P. name for troches made from prepared 
chalk, 25 Gm.; acacia, 7 Gm.; spirit of nutmeg, 
3 Cc.; sugar, 40 Gm.; and a sufficient quantity of 
water to make 100 troches. They are used as a 
gently astringent antacid in diarrhoea. Dose, 
I to 5 troches. T. cube'bae*, troches of cubeb: 
made from oleoresin of cubeb, 4 Gm.; oil of 
sassafras, i Cc.; extract of glycyrrhiza, 25 Gm.; 
acacia, 12 Gm.; and a sufficent quantity of 
syrup of Tolu to make 100 troches. They may 
be used advantageously in ulceration or chronic 
inflammation of the fauces, and in some cases of 
chronic cough. Dose, i to 2 troches. T. fer'ri, 
troches of iron: the 1890 U. S. P. name for troches 
made from ferric hydrate dried at a temperature 
not exceeding 80° C. (176° F.), 30 Gm.; vanilla cut 
into slices, i Gm.; sugar,in fine powder, 100 Gm.; 
mucilage of tragacanth, a sufficient quantity to 
make 100 troches. T- gam'bir*, troches of gambir; 
used in place of the T. catechu of the 1890 U. S. P., 
the gambir replacing the catechu of that prepara¬ 
tion. T. glycyrrhi'zae et o'pii*, troches of glycyr¬ 
rhiza and opium: made from extract of glycyr¬ 
rhiza, 15 Gm.; powdered opium, 0.5 Gm.; acacia, 
12 Gm.; sugar, 20 Gm.; oil of anise, 0.2 Cc.; and 
water, sufficient to make 100 troches. These are 
demulcent and anodyne, and useful in allaying 


cough when the case admits the employment of 
opium. They are equivalent to Wistar’s cough 
lozenges. Dose, i to 2 troches. T. ipecacuan'hae, 
troches of ipecac: the 1890 U. S. P. name for 
troches made from ipecac, 2 Gm.; tragacanth, 

2 Gm.; sugar. 65 Gm.; and a sufficient quantity 
of syrup of orange to make 100 troches. These 
are useful expectorant lozenges in catarrhal com¬ 
plaints. Dose, I to 2 troches, T. krame'riae*, 
troches of krameria: made from extract of krame- 
ria, 6 Gm.; sugar, 65 Gm.; tragacanth, 2 Gm.; 
and a sufficient quantity of stronger orange* 
flower water to make 100 troches. They are 
astringent. T. magne'siae, troches of magnesia: 
the 1880 U. S. P. name for troches made from 300 
grains of magnesia, 15 grains of nutmeg, 900 
grains of sugar, and a sufficient quantity of 
mucilage of tragacanth to make 100 troches. 
They are useful in acidity of the stomach, espe¬ 
cially when attended with constipation. T. 
men'thae piperi'tae, troches of peppermint: the 
1890 U. S. P. name for troches made from oil of 
peppermint, i Cc.; sugar, 80 Gm.; and a suffi¬ 
cient quantity of mucilage of tragacanth to make 
100 troches. They are useful in slight gastric 
or intestinal pains, but are employed mostly for 
their agreeable flavor. T. morphi'nae et ipecacu¬ 
an'hae, troches of morphine and ipecac: the 1890 
U. S. P. name for troches made from morphine 
sulphate, 0.16 Gm.; ipecac, 0.5 Gm.; sugar, 65 
Gm.; oil of gaultheria, 0.2 Cc.; and a sufficient 
quantity of mucilage of tragacanth to make 100 
troches. They are expectorant and anodyne, 
and useful in allaying cough. T. potas'sii chlora'- 
tis*, troches of potassium chlorate: made from 
potassium chlorate, 15 Gm.; sugar, 60 Gm.; 
tragacanth, 3 Gm.; and water, a sufficient quan¬ 
tity. These troches are ^ the strength of those of 
the 1890 U. S. P.. and the spirit of lemon has 
been omitted. They are largely employed and 
are locally useful in cases of sore throat, but 
should not be used continuously owing to the 
bad effect of the chlorate on the kidneys. T. 
santoni'ni*, troches of santonin: made from 
santonin, 3 Gm.; sugar, 90 Gm.; tragacanth, 3 
Gm.; and a sufficient quantity of stronger orange* 
flower water to make 100 troches. T. so'dii bi- 
carbona'tis*, troches of sodium bicarbonate: 
made from sodium bicarbonate, 18 Gm.; sugar, 

54 Gm.; nutmeg, bruised, i Gm.; and a sufficient 
quantity of mucilage of tragacanth to make « 
100 troches. They are used as antacid and 
antilithic in heartburn and uric=acid gravel. T. JH 
so'dii santonina'tis, troches of santoninate of BJ 
sodium: the 1880 U. S. P. name for troches made 
from 100 grains of santoninate of sodium, 2000 
grains of sugar, 50 grains of tragacanth, and a 
sufficient quantity of orange*flower water to^^l 
make 100 troches. T. zingib'eris, troches of gin-’^BI 
ger: the 1890 U. S. P. name for troches mad<o ^ j 
from tincture of ginger, 20 Cc.; tragacanth, 4 • ] 

Gm.; sugar, 130 Gm.; and a sufficient quantity 'Ij 
of syrup of ginger to make 100 troches. They j| 
are used to relieve gastric pains from flatulence. J'l 
Iro-chis'cus, pi. trochis'ci. A troche, or lozenge, usu- ■ I 
ally consisting of some medicinal substance in- ■ I 
corporated with sugar or mucilage. i^Trochisci. 
troch'i-ter. The greater tuberosity of the humerus ? 1 
[ < '^pox6g wheel.] ftroch-i-te'ri an. 
troch'le a. 1. An anatomical pulley. 2. The fibro- ^ 
cartilaginous pulley near the internal angular ^ ^ 
process of the frontal bone, through wffiich the ^ i 



TROCHLEAR 


1029 


TROPHO- 


tendon of the obliquus oculi superior muscle 
passes; T, musculi obliqui superioris oculi*. 3. 
The inner articular process of the humerus, for 
articulation with the ulna; T. humeri*. T. 
labyrin'thi = cochlea*. T. phalan'gis*, pulley of 
the phalanx of the fingers or toes. T. ta'li*, 
pulley of the ankle bone. 

troch'le ar. i. Belonging to the trochlea. 2. Pul- 
leysshaped. T. artery, a branch of the supra* 
orbital artery to the trochlea of the superior 
oblique muscle. T. fossa, a depression on the 
orbital surface of the frontal bone, near the 
internal angular process, for the attachment of 
the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle; fovea 
trochlearis*. T. muscle = trochlearis, def. i. 
T. nerve, the fourth cranial nerve. Anterior t. 
nucleus, one of the nuclei of the trochlear nerve, 
situated behind the posterior longitudinal bundle 
on a level with the posterior corpora quadri- 
gemina. Posterior t. nucleus, a group of small 
nerve*cells just below the anterior trochlear nu¬ 
cleus; Westphal’s nucleus. T. spine, a spineslike 
process on the orbital surface of the frontal 
bone, for the attachment of the trochlea of the 
superior oblique muscle of the eye; spina troch¬ 
learis*. T. surface, i. The inferior articular sur¬ 
face of the humerus and of the femur. 2. The 
superior surface of the astragalus, 
troch-le-a'ris. i. The obliquus oculi superior. 2. 

The fourth cranial nerve. [L.] 
troch-le-a'tor, pi. -io'res. The fourth cranial nerve, 
troch'o-. Shaped like a wheel; denoting rotation: 
a combining form. [< rpo^og wheel.] troch-o- 
car'di a, horizontal displacement of the heart 
caused by a rotary movement on its axis; trocho- 
horizocardia.— troch'o-ce-phaTi a, rounded ap¬ 
pearance of the head caused by synostosis of the 
frontal and parietal bones.— troch-o-gin'gly-mus, 
a combination of trochoid articulation and gingly- 
mus.— troch'o-hor-i-zo-car'di a = trochocardia. 

— troch'oid, resembling a wheel: applied to a 
movable connection of bones in which one ro¬ 
tates upon another; articulatio trochoidea*. — 
tro-choi'des, a rotary joint; a lateral ginglymus. 

— tro'cho-scope. 1 . M. ’05.] 
troi'car. = Trocar. 

Troisier’s ganglion (trwa-zi-ez). An enlarged lym¬ 
phatic gland occasionally seen above the clavicle 
in cases of retrosternal tumor. T.’s sign, enlarge¬ 
ment of the left supraclavicular lymphatic 
glands; indicative of malignant disease of the 
intra*abdominal region, [^f G. ’07.] 

Trolard’s anastomotic vein (tro-larz). The vein 
forming the communication between the superior 
longitudinal sinus, superior cerebral veins, supe¬ 
rior petrosal sinus, and middle meningeal vein, 
trol'leysbuzz. A continuous buzzing sound said to 
be heard by those riding much on electric cars. 
T.seye, chalcitis. T.ssick'ness, a peculiar ill¬ 
ness due to riding on electric cars, Railway 

SICKNESS. 

Troltsch’s corpuscles (trol'tshtz). Apparent cor¬ 
puscular bodies seen among the radial fibres of 
the membrana tympani, caused by connective* 
tissue spaces lined with flattened endothelium. 
Trombid'ium autumna'lis. =Tetranychus au- 
tu.mnalis. T. mus'cae domes'ticae, an acarid 
parasite found on the house»fly; also a homoeo¬ 
pathic preparation of the same. 

Trom'mer’s test. A test for glucose, levulose, 
galactose, lactose, and maltose in the urine, made 
by adding one*third as much sodium or potas¬ 


sium hydrate, then, drop by drop, a 10% solution 
of copper sulphate until it ceases to be dis¬ 
solved, and heating the upper portion of the 
liquid to about the boiling point, when an orange* 
red or yellow precipitate will be formed if these 
substances be present in over 0.2%. Cane*, 
maple*, and beet*sugar do not possess this re¬ 
ducing property and must be converted into 
de.xtrose, as by acids, 
trom-o-ma'ni a. Delirium tremens, 
trom-pa-ti'la. The native name for the stem and 
branches of Bouvar'dia iriphyl'la, a Mexican 
plant, used by the natives for hydrophobia, 
tro'mus. Trembling, Tremor. [<rpd/ioc.] 
tro'na. A mineral containing sesquicarbonate and 
bicarbonate of soda. 

tro-pa-co'ca-ine. An alkaloid resembling cocaine, 
obtained from a variety of coca or synthetically: 
used as a local anaesthetic, principally in the form 
of the hydrochloride, and applied in a 3 to 10% 
aqueous solution containing 0.6% of sodium 
chloride. It is said to be more stable than co¬ 
caine and to be less depressant to the heart, 
tro-pae'o-lin. One of a group of orange or yellow 
aniline dyes, as T. D = dimethylamidoazoben- 
zene; and T. 00 , a test for free mineral acid. 
Tropae'olum. A genus of geraniaceous plants, of 
which T. ma'jus and T. mi'nus, or nasturtium, 
are antiscorbutic. T. tubero'sum produces edible 
farinaceous tubers, 
tro'pate. A salt of tropic acid, 
tro-pe'in. A compound of tropine with an organic 
acid, ttro'pe-i-nism, poisoning by tropeins or 
plants {Solana’cece) containing it. 
tro-pe'o-lin. =Trop^olin. 
tro-pe'sis. Inclination. [<rpo7rr/a turn.] 
troph-e-de'ma. = Tropho*cedema. 
troph'e-sy. Defective nutrition from disorder of 
the trophic nerves. ftto-phe'si al; tro-phes'ic. 
troph'ic, troph'i-cal. Relating to, causing, or increas¬ 
ing nutrition. T. centre, a nerve*centre which 
influences or regulates nutrition. T. fracture, a 
fracture due to trophic disturbances. T. lesions, 
&■ lesion of nutrition. T. nerve, a nerve 
which regulates the nutrition of the part to 
which it is distributed. T. neurosis, a lesion due 
to the influence of trophic nerves. i®-Trophoneu- 
Rosis. T. root, the descending root of the tri¬ 
geminal nerve, ftro-phic'i-ty. troph'ism, direct 
trophic influence. 

troph'o-. Relating to nutrition or nourishment: a 
combining form. [< nourishment.] troph'- 

o-blast, the portion of the epiblast outside of the 
germinal area. t troph-o-blas'tic. — troph'ose- 
de'ma = trophoscedema. — tro-phol'o-gy, the 
sum of scientific knowledge concerning nutrition. 
— troph'o-neu-ro'sis. i. Impaired nutrition due 
to defective nerve*influence. 2. Neurosis due to 
imperfect nutrition. Neurosis. Disseminated 
t., scleroderma. Facial t., facial hemiatrophy. 
Muscular t., trophic alteration of muscular tissue 
dependent on nervous derangement. T. of Rom¬ 
berg, facial hemiatrophy. ftroph'o-neu-rot'ic, 
as T. atrophy, atrophy of a part due to lesion of 
the nerves which supply it.— troph'o-nine, a 
proprietary nutrient of beef, nucleosalbumin, 
gluten of wheat, and digestive enzymes.— troph'- 
o-nose, an affection caused by agents of nu¬ 
trition. — tro-phon'o-sus, any disease or dis¬ 
order of nutrition.— troph’osoe-de'ma, a condi¬ 
tion marked by permanent localized oedemas. 
Chronic t., painless, white swellings on the legs 


-TROPIC 


1030 


TRYPANOPLASMA 


persisting during life but without material effect 
on the health: often hereditary.— tro-phop'a- 
thy = TROPHONOSUS. — troph'o-plasm, the for¬ 
mative or vital substance of a cell.— troph'o- 
plast, a plastid.— troph-o-spon'gi a, the sponge* 
like skeleton of the nervescell.— tro-phot'o-nos, 
rigidity of contractile tissue due to disorder of 
the nutritive function.— troph'o-tro-pism, a va¬ 
riety of chemotaxis characterized by affinity 
for (positive t.) or aversion to {negative t.) nutri¬ 
tive matters, ttroph-o-trop'ic. 

-tropic, -tropous, -tropal. Combining forms denot¬ 
ing turning, as bacteriotropic. 
trop'ic acid. An acid, CgHj^Oa, obtained from atro¬ 
pine by decomposing it with acids or alkalies, 
trop'i-cal. Growing near or between the tropics; 
belonging to the tropics. T. abscess, i®- Amcebac 
.\BSCESS. T. anaemia, a pallor of the skin, often 
without real anaemia, due to residence in tropical 
regions. T. big leg, elephantiasis arabum. T. boil 
= ORIENTAL SORE. T. cachexia, a chronic disease 
of tropical and sub*tropical countries, marked by 
enlarged spleen, anaemia, irregularly remittent 
fever, and associated with a protozoan parasite of 
the piroplasma type. O. ’o6.] T. chlorosis, 
ankylostomiasis. T. disease, a disease w'hich oc¬ 
curs only in the tropics. T. dysentery, a variety of 
dysentery occurring in tropical regions. T. fruit 
laxative, tamar indien. T. hyperpyrexia, inso¬ 
lation with high temperature. T. lichen, prickly 
heat. T. measles, a disease somewhat resembling 
both German measles and dengue, seen among 
foreign residents of China. T. medicine, that 
branch of medical science dealing especially with 
diseases local to warm countries. T. phagedaena, 
a phagedenic ulceration endemic in Tonquin; 
Tonquin ulcer. T. tertian malaria, aestivo*au- 
tumnal malaria. 

tro'pi-dine. An oily liquid, CgHjgN. 
tro'pin. A substance probably identical with op¬ 
sonin. (Neufeld.) 

tro'pine. A crystalline substance, CgHj^NO, pro¬ 
duced in the decomposition of atropine. It has a 
peculiar tobacco*like odor, Hyoscine, def. 3. 
tro'pism. i. The turning or movement of proto¬ 
plasm or organized matter, as toward light, cold, 
etc. 2. = Growth, def. i. 
tro-po-co'ca-ine. = Tropacocaine. 
tro-pom'e-ter. A instrument for measuring the 
rotations of the eyeball or torsion of long bones, 
tro'pon. An albuminoid containing 90% of albu¬ 
men digestible by pepsin: used as a nutrient, 
trop'sin. = Tropacocaine. 

trou'sersleg culture. A bacterial culture shaped 
like a trouser-leg or a stocking-leg. 

Trousseau and Dumontpallier’s test. =Mare- 
chal6’s test. 

Trousseau’s phenomenon, sign, or symptom (trd-s6z). 
Spasmodic contraction of muscles produced in 
tetanic patients by pressure on the nerves which 
supply the affected part. T.’s points apophy- 
saires, points sensitive to pressure over the dorsal 
and lumbar vertebrae in intercostal and lumbo- 
abdominal neuralgias. i®*Valleix’s points. [TJ G. 
’07.] T.’s spots, reddish spots appearing on the 
skin after irritation, due to vasomotor irritability; 
taches c6r6brales. They are of similar nature to 
the meningitic streak. [A. Trousseau, French 
physician, 1801-1867.] 

trouts. Chloasma occurring in Ireland among those 
who use peat fires. 

troy weight, Weights and measures. 


true. Not false; genuine. T. albuminuria, albu¬ 
minuria due to an excretion of albuminous ele¬ 
ments of the blood with the water of the urine. 
T. amnion, ts’AMNiON. T. aneurism, (^aneurism. 
T. cartilage = hyaline cartil.yge. T. chancre 
= chancre, hard. T. corpus luteum, &- corpus 
luteum*. T. croup, membranous croup. T. de- 
ciduoma, a neoplastic hyperplasia arising from a 
part of the true uterine decidua or representing 
a decidual metamorphosis of a pre-existing gland¬ 
ular polyp, [t A. M. ’03.] T. diabetes, diabetes 
mellitus. T. fistula, a fistula through which 
passes a discharge of the secretion of the organ 
into which it runs. T. hermaphroditism — bi¬ 
sexual hermaphroditism. T. hypertrophy, hy¬ 
pertrophy consisting in increase of the muscular 
tissue of the part. T. image, the more distinct 
of the two images in binocular double vision. 

Fuchs,’oS.] T. ligament, a band of fascia 
joining certain viscera to surrounding structures: 
distinguished from false ligaments, which are 
folds of peritoneum performing the same function. 
T. mole = MOLE, def. 2. T. parasite, a parasite 
which derives its nutriment from the tissues of 
its host. T. pelvis, pelvis. T. ribs, the seven 
superior, or the sternal, ribs attached to the ster¬ 
num by distinct cartilages; costae verae*. T. 
skin, the corium. T. spermatorrhoea, o- sper¬ 
matorrhoea. T. suture = SUTURA VERA. T. ver¬ 
tebrae, IS-VERTEBRA. T. VOCal COrds, IS-vocal. 
trum'petstree. = Cecropia peltata. T.=weed = 
Eupatorium purpureum. 
trun'cal. Relating to the trunk or to a trunk, 
trun'cate, trun'ca-ted. Having the end square or 
abrupt as if cut off. 

trun'cus*, pi. trun'ci. = Trunk. T. arterio'sus, 
the main trunk of a series of arteries. T. cor'- 
poris callo'si*, the body of the corpus callo¬ 
sum. T. lumbosacra'lis* = lumbosacral cord. 
T. lymphat'icus intestina'lis, the efferent vessel of 
the principal abdominal lymphatics and lacteals 
flowing to the receptaculum chyli. T. lymphat'¬ 
icus lumba'lis, either of two (a right and left) 
large lymphatic vessels in the loin and abdominal 
region flowing to the receptaculum chyli, T. 
th)rreocervica'lis* = THYROID axis. [L.] 
Trunecek’s serum. An aqueous solution, ten times 
the strength of blood-plasma, of sodium chloride 
(4.92 Gm.), sodium sulphate (0.44 Gm.), sodium 
carbonate (0.21 Gm.), sodium phosphate (0.15 
Gm.), potassium sulphate (0.4 Gm.), and distilled 
water to make 100 Cc.: used in arteriosclerosis, 
uraemia, hysteria, chronic alcoholism, etc. The 
injections are painful and begin with 0.5 Cc., 
rising gradually to 5 Cc. every 3 to 5 days, 
trunk. I. The body, exclusive of head and extrem¬ 
ities. 2. The main stem, as of a vessel or nerve. 
T.spresentation = transverse presentation. 
truss. A support or bandage used to retain a part 
in position, as a hernia, or to exert pressure, 
trux-il'line. =Cocamine. 

try'pan blue. A stain used to destroy the pyriform 
stage of Piroplas'ma in the blood, Texas 
FEVER. T. red, a benzopurpurine dye, used asso¬ 
ciated with arsenic as agent against trypanosomes, 
try-pa-nol'y-sis. The destruction or dissolution of 
trypanosomes, as by a serum. 

Trypanoplas'ma. A genus of haemoflagellates dif¬ 
fering from Trypanosoma in that the organisms 
have two flagella and two masses of about the 
same size: found in the blood and sometimes 
the stomach of fishes. T. borrel'i is the most 



TRYPANOSOMA 


1031 


TSUTSUGAMUSHI DISEASE 


characteristic species and others are T. bar'bi, T. 
intestina'lis, T. piscico'la, T. va'rium, etc 
Trypan-o-so'ma. A genus of haemoflagellates, vari¬ 
ous species of which are pathogenic to man, 
horses, cattle, fish, etc. Trypanosome. T. 
a'vium, a species found in birds. T. bru'cei, a 


12 3 4 



Trypanosoma.— i. T. lewisi. 2. T. brucei. 3. T. 
equinum. 4. T. gambiense. (Magnified.) 


species discovered by Bruce in 1895, causing 
NAGANA or the African cattle disease. T. cunic'- 
uU, a nonspathogenic species found in the blood 
of rabbits. T. douri'na, an old name for T. equi¬ 
ps rdum. T. eber'thi, an important trypanosome 
of chickens. T. equiper'dum, the species which 
causes dourine; T. douri'na; T. rouge'ii. T. 
equi'num, a species causing mal de caderas. 
T. evan'si, a species causing surra. T. gambien'se^ 
the species which causes human trypanosomiasis. 
T. gray'i, a species found in Glossi'na palpa'lis. 
T. lewis'i, a nonspathogenic rat^species: experi¬ 
mentally transmitted by the rat douse, Hcema- 
topi'nus spinulo'sus. T. rhodesi'ense, a human 
trypanosome found in North Eastern Rhodesia 
where the tsetse fly does not exist. T. rotato'rium, 
a species found in the frog. T. rouge'ti = T. equi- 
PERDUM. T. san'guinis, a blood parasite found in the 
frog by Gruby in 1843. sole'i, T. thei'leri, and 
T. transvaalien'se, species causing a comparatively 
harmless disease of cattle in the Transvaal. T. vit- 
ta'tae, a Ceylon species from the tortoise; interme¬ 
diate host a leech, Glossipho'nica. [ < rpvxavov a 
borer -|- afopa body.] tti^y*P^^"0"SO-niat'ic. 

trypan-o-so-ma-to'sis. = Trypanosomiasis. 

try'pan-o-some or try-pan'o-some. One of any 
species of Trypanosoma. The organism is a 
spindle-shaped, more or less elongated, proto¬ 
plasmic body, containing two chromatic masses, 
a centrosome generally placed at the posterior 
end and a larger nucleus mesially situated, with 
a flagellum and an undulatory membrane, start¬ 
ing from the centrosome, and running along the 
protoplasmic body. ^ Histoplasma capsula- 
TUM; TRYPANOSOMIASIS. T. fevcr, the irregular 
fever of trypanosomiasis. 

trypan-o-so-mi'a-sis. A diseased condition, as 

DOURINE, MAL DE CADERAS, NAGANA, Or SURRA, 

produced by trypanosomes; specifically human 
trypanosomiasis, known also as the African sleep¬ 
ing sickness, Negro lethargy, African lethargy, 
nelavan, etc. It is a chronic disorder, usually 
fatal, characterized by fever, lassitude, weakness, 
wasting, and often protracted lethargy. The 
active agent of the disease, Trypanoso'ma gam- 


bien'se, is transmitted to the human organism 
from large game (crocodile, elephant, etc.) by the 
bite of the tsetse fly. The disease may be latent 
for a long period of time (5 or more years), among 
the early symptoms being a dull, apathetic expres¬ 
sion, a gradual difficulty in walking, mumbling 
and uncertain speech, and trembling of the 
hands. The trypanosome itself is found in the 
cerebrospinal fluid. The active course of the 
disease lasts from three to twelve months. Try¬ 
pan RED and ATOXYL have both been used with 
asserted success. 

Try'pan-roth. The German word for trypan red. 
try'par-o-san. Parafuchsin into which chlorine is 
introduced: used in the treatment of sleeping 
sickness. 

try-pe'sis. The operation of trephining. 
Trypoder'ma. A species of botfly, 
tryp'sa-lin. A proprietary digestant. 
tryp'sin. A ferment of the pancreatic juice which 
has the power of converting proteids into pep¬ 
tones, best in alkaline solution, but also active 
in neutral solution: used in 10% solution to dis¬ 
solve false diphtheritic membranes and recently 
recommended for cancer. 

tryp-sin'o-gen, tryp'so-gen. A substance occurring 
in the pancreas which becomes trypsin, 
tryp'tic. Relating to or caused by trypsin, as T. 
digestion. 

tryp-to-lyt'ic. Denoting the peculiar solvent and 
cleavage properties of trypsin, 
tryp-to-nae'mi a. = Peptonemia. 
tryp'tone. Pancreatic peptone; formed by the ac¬ 
tion of trypsin on a proteid. 
tryp'to-phane. An amino-acid belonging to the het¬ 
erocyclic compounds, obtained from proteins by 
hydrolytic cleavage; proteinochromogen. It is a 
constant end-product of tryptic digestion and, 
in cases of cancer and ulcer, occasionally a by¬ 
product of pepsin digestion. T. reaction, the 
appearance of the violet*colored proteinochrome 
on adding bromine water to filtered gastric con¬ 
tents. It shows the presence of tryptophane and 
indicates cancer and ulcer. 

Tscher'ning’s theory. A theory of eye-accommoda- 
tion. I®-Sch6n’s THEORY, 
tsetse or ts6ts6 fly (tsi-tsi). The fly, Glossi'na mor'- 
sitans or G. 
palpa'lis, 
of South 
Africa, 
which , 
when in¬ 
fected, in¬ 
flicts a 
dangerous 
bite on 
cattle, 
horse s, 
and man, 
transmit¬ 
ting try¬ 
panosomes 
and caus- 
i n g N A- 
GANA and 
human 

TRYPANO¬ 
SOMIASIS. T.sfly disease = nagana. 

Tsu'ga canaden'sis. A coniferous tree affording 
Canada pitch. 

tsu-tsu-ga-mu'shi disease. =Japanese river fever. 



Tsetse fly. i. Proboscis. 2. Aristae of 
the antennae. 3. Head. 4. Eye. 5. Tibia. 
6. Costa. 7. Costa. 8. Scutellum. 9. 
Abdomen. 10. Middle leg. ii. Hind 
leg. 12. Five jointed tarsus. 13. Ocelli. 
14. Thorax. 1 5 . Squama. 

















TUBA 


1032 


TUBERCLE 


tu'ba. =Tube. T. auditi'va*[Eusta'chii]*, acus'- 
tica, .or eustachia^na = eustachian tube. T. 
uteri'na [Fallo'pii]*, cae'ca, fallopia'na, or uteri'na 
= FALLOPIAN TUBE. [L.] 

M'bage. Introduction of a tube into a canal or 
cavity; intubation, Drainage. 
tu'bal, tu'bar. Relating or pertaining to a tube, es¬ 
pecially the fallopian tube. T. abortion, abortion 
consisting in the escape of the fertilized ovum into 
the peritoneal cavity through the ostium abdom- 
inale of the oviduct. T. artery, a branch of the 
ovarian artery running along the lower edge of 
the oviduct and giving numerous branches to it. 
T. dropsy, dropsy of the fallopian tube. T. dys- 
menorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea due to narrowness or 
obstruction of the fallopian tubes. T. gestation, 
T. pregnancy, gestation occurring in the oviduct. 
T. mole, a mole formed from an ovum impreg¬ 
nated in the oviduct but destroyed by hemor¬ 
rhage. T. nephritis, nephritis. T. pregnancy 
= T. GESTATION. T. respiration, tubular respira¬ 
tion. T. wall, the anterior wall of the tympanum, 
tub'boe. A contagious disease of tropical countries 
resembling framboesia. 

tube. A hollow cylinder; tuba. Specially named 
varieties of tube are Air»{ =air* 
passage), Auditory, Auricular 
(=EUSTACHi an). Auscultation, 

Bellini’s, Bellocqs (=Bel- 
locq’s cannula), Bochdalek’s, 

Bouchut’s,Bowman’s corneal, 

Cardiac, Cerebromedullary, 

Chaussier’s, Collecting, Cor¬ 
neal (=Bowman’s corneal), 

Crookes (c^Rontgen rays). 

Drainages, Esmarch’s, Eusta¬ 
chian, Fallopian, Feeding®, 

Ferrein’s, Fusion*, Geissler’s 
Rontgen rays), Henle's (= 

Henle’s loop), Hittorf's 
Rontgen rays). Intubation, 

Kobelts’s, Lexter’s, Medullary 
(=M. canal), Miescher’s, Drying tube. 
O’Beirne’s, O’Dwyer’s, 

CEsophageal, Otopharyngeal (= eustachian). 
Ovarian, Pfliiger’s (=salivary), Rainey’s, 
Safety, Salivary, Schachowa s or spiral. Stom¬ 
ach®, Tracheotomy, and Vacuum. T.scasts = 
RENAL CASTS. SpurioUS t.sCast = CYLINDROID. T.s 
culture, a bacterial culture made in a test®tube. 
lumber*, pi. tu'hera. i. A knob or excrescence; 
swelling or hump: applied in anatomy to a hump 
or protuberance. In surgery, a knot, enlarge¬ 
ment, or swelling of any part. 2. = Tuber ci- 

nereum*. T. annula're = pons varolii. T. 
ante'rius = tuber cinereum*. T. calca'nei* or 
cal'cis, “ tuberosity of the heel,” the part of the os 
calcis that projects backward. Tu'bera candican'- 
tia = corpora albicantia. T. cine'reum*, an 
eminence of gray substance, foiming part of the 
floor of the third ventricle of the brain and bear¬ 
ing the infundibulum. T. coch'leae, the promon¬ 
tory OF THE tympanum. T. cor'poris callo'si, the 
splenium of the corpus callosum. T. dorsale == 
coMMissuRA brevis. T. custa'chi, a small prom¬ 
inence on the inner wall of the tympanic 
cavity, below the fenestra ovalis. T. fronta'le* 
= FRONTAL eminence. Tu'bera genicula'ta, the 
geniculate bodies. T. ischia'dicum* or is'chii, a 
round knob forming that point of the ischium on 
which we sit; hence this bone has been named 
os sedentarium (“ sedentary bone ”). T. max- 


illa're* or maxil'lae, the tuberosity of the supe¬ 
rior maxillary bone. T. olfacto'rium = carun- 
CULA MAMMiLLARis. T. omenta'lc*. I. A pro¬ 
tuberance on the posterior portion of the under 
surface of the left lobe of the liver which projects 
against the lesser omentum. 2. A prominence 
on the middle of the pancreas which projects 
against the lesser omentum. T. parieta'le* = 
PARIETAL EMINENCE. T. ra'dii, the tuberosity of 
the radius, to which the biceps is attached. T. 
syphilit'icum, syphiloma. T. tym'pani = tuber 
COCHLEA. T. val'vulus or T. ver'mis* = commis- 
SURA brevis. T. verruco'sum, a callous prom¬ 
inence often seen on the metatarsophalangeal 
joint of the great toe. T. zygomat'icum = 
zygomatic tubercle. [L.] 
tu'be-ra. An earth used in the Sudan in syphilis, 
tu'ber-cle. i. Any rounded eminence or nodule, 
especially one upon a bone or cartilage; the 
rounded extremity of a bone; tuberculum*. 
Nodule; tuber; tuberosity. Varieties of 
tubercle other than those given below and under 
their Latin titles at tuberculum* are Adductor, 
Amygdaloid, Anatomic, Anterior, Arantius’s, 
Carotid or Chassaignac's, Darwinian, Dissection 
( = anatomic), Farre’s, Genial, Gerdy’s, Lach¬ 
rymal ( = LACHRYMAL PAPILLA), LAMINATED, 

Lisfranc’s (=scalene). Lower’s, Montgomery’s, 
Olfactory, Pterygoid, Scalene, and Zygomat¬ 
ic. T. of the clavicle, or Conoid t., a tubercle 
on the posterior border of the clavicle, to which 
is attached the conoid ligament. Deltoid t., a 
prominence on the anterior border of the clavicle, 
from which a portion of the deltoid muscle 
arises. T. of the epiglottis = cushion of the 
epiglottis. T. of the femur = femoral tuber¬ 
cle. Ts. of the femur = CERVICAL tubercles. 
T. of Lower = Lower’s tubercle. T. of a rib, 
an eminence upon a rib articulating with the 
transverse process of a vertebra; tuberculum 
costae*. T. of Rolando, a projection on the pos¬ 
terior surface of the medulla, being a lump of 
gray matter formed by the expansion of the 
posterior horns of the medulla. T. of the thala¬ 
mus, ^tuberculum anterius thalami*. T. of 
the tibia, an eminence upon the upper anterior 
surface of the tibia to which is attached the liga- 
mentum patellae; tuberositas tibiae*. T. of the 
ulna, a rough surface at the base of the coronoid 
process of the ulna, to which the brachialis anti- 
cus muscle is attached; tuberositas ulnae*. Ts. of 
a vertebra, elevations, a superior, an inferior, and 
an external, upon the transverse process of the 
last dorsal vertebra, and represented on the lum¬ 
bar vertebrae by more or less rudimentary struc¬ 
tures. T. of the zygoma, an elevation on the 
anterior root of the zygoma, to which is attached 
the external lateral ligament of the inferior max¬ 
illa. 2. The specific lesion formed by an aggre¬ 
gation of cells which have been produced by 
chronic inflammation, as the result of infection 
of the tissue with the bacillus of tuberculosis. 
These Gray or miliary tubercles are round nodular 
bodies, usually multiple, primarily microscopic, 
but growing by coalescence to the size of a millet 
or mustard seed, of a grayish color, hard, and 
easily separated from tissues. On microscopic 
examination, the typical tubercle, unless caseous 
degeneration has occurred, is shown to be made 
up of: (i) Leucocytes, forming an external or 
peripheral layer and a relatively small part of 
the bulk of the tubercle. (2) Epithelioid cells, 
















TUBERCLE 


1033 


TUBERCULIN 


which are embryonal or granulation tissuescells 
resulting from the division of the formative 
cells of the part. They make up a large por¬ 
tion of the bulk of the tubercle. (3) Giant=-cells, 
about 100 times as large as the white blood^cells, 
and occurring in an inverse ratio to the number 
and virulence of the bacilli. They are finely 
granular, contain a number of nuclei arranged 
around the periphery of the cell, and are probably 
overgrown epithelioid cells. (4) The Reticulum, 
a fine mesh^work supporting the cells and bind¬ 
ing them together. It is assumed to be the old 
connective tissue of the part. Caseous degen¬ 
eration often takes place before the formation 
above described is completed, and in old tubercles 
the giantscells, etc., are replaced by fibrous tissue, 
forming larger yellow masses (Yellow, fibrous, or 
crude ts.). Coagulative necrosis. T. bacil¬ 
lus, the BacilTus tuberctdo'sis: known also as 
Bacil'lus koch'i, Bacil'lus tuber'culi {tuberculo'sus), 
Bacte'rium tuberculo'sum {tuberculo'sis) , bacillus 
of Koch, tubercular bacillus, bacillus of tubercle. 
It was discovered and isolated by Robert Koch 
[1843-1910] and proven to be associated with all 
tuberculous lesions. [T[ Berl. klin ., Wchnschr. 1882.] 
The organism is a .short, slender rod, 2 to 4// in 
length {i. e., essentially smaller than the red blood* 
corpuscle), with rounded ends, often slightly bent 
or curved, and sometimes showing lateral out¬ 
growths or simple branches. It usually occurs 
alone or in pairs and when stained often presents 
a beaded appearance, thought by some to be due 
to spores. It stains slowly with basic acid dyes, 
except at body temperature, but is acid*proof, a 
property recently proven to be also shared by the 
Bacil'lus lep'rce, Bacil'lus smeg'matis, the butter 
bacillus of Rabinowitsch, and the grass and dung 
bacillus of Moeller. Gram’s method. It 
grows best on blood*serum, also on glycerin* 
agar, bouillon, and on potato. The cultures must 
be kept at blood*heat and form thin, grayish* 
white, dry, scale*like, or wrinkled masses on the 
surface of the medium. Tubercle bacilli contain 
water, proteids, fats, a carbohydrate, resembling 
glycogen, cellulose, free and combined nucleic 
acid, and ash. The bacilli occur in a number of 
forms, as small branching, complex (resembling 
the “ Driisen ” of the actinomyces), and invo¬ 
lution forms. &■ Schron’s organism. Several 
specific varieties also exist, as the Bacil'lus tuber¬ 
culo'sis a'vium. Koch (1901) also claimed that 
the bacillus of bovine tuberculosis w^as a specific 
variety which probably did not cause human 
tuberculosis except in the rarest instances, but 
this statement has met with vigorous opposition 
and does not seem to be established, as between 
I and 2% of all children dying from tuberculosis 
in New York die from intestinal tuberculosis due 
to the bovine type of the bacillus. The bacillus 
is practically ubiquitous and it has been estimated 
(Comet) that as many as 7,200,000,000 may be 
thrown off in a single day in the sputum of a 
patient in advanced phthisis. Whenever intro¬ 
duced into the body it produces some lesion 
locally or in the near lymph^glands {Cornet's 
law). Calmette’s reaction; opsonic index; 
phthisis; tubercle; tuberculin; tuberculo¬ 
sis. T. vaccine, a standardized vaccine for tuber¬ 
culosis obtained from sputum, the preparation 
closely resembling an emulsion of a tubercle. 

J. A. M. A. ij. ’07.] [< L. tuber'culum, dim. 

of tu'ber knob.] ftu'ber-cled. 


tu-ber'cu-la. Plural of tuberculum*. [L.] 
tu-ber'cu-lar. Having tubercles; tubercled; tu¬ 
berculous. T. abscess, a cold or chronic ab¬ 
scess. T. arthritis, tuberculosis of a joint. 
T. bacillus = TUBERCLE BACILLUS. T. Consump¬ 
tion = PHTHISIS, def. 2. T. diathesis, a condi¬ 
tion of the system making it liable to tu¬ 
berculosis. T. eruption, an eruption of large 
solid elevations. T. inflammation, inflammation 
produced by the tubercle bacillus. T. laryn¬ 
gitis, ts- LARYNGITIS. T. leproSy = LEPRA NO¬ 
DOSA. T. lupus, lupus in which the eruption 
consists of tubercles. T. meningitis, deposit of 
tubercles in the cerebral meninges, observed 
oftenest in children. A fatal result is very com¬ 
mon, and is due to pressure, etc., upon the 
brain. T. nephritis, nephritis. T. peritoni¬ 
tis, es-peritonitis. T. phthisis = PHTHISIS, def. 
2. T. process, a prominence on the transverse 
process of a vertebra, supporting the facet which 
articulates with the tubercle of the correspond¬ 
ing rib. T. scrofuloderm, a variety in which 
movable circumscribed nodules form under the 
skin and undergo suppuration; gummatous 
scrofuloderm. T. sore throat, tuberculosis of the 
larynx. T. sputum, the sputum of a person 
affected with tuberculosis: it contains bacilli of 
tuberculosis. T. synovitis, e^ synovitis. T. 
syphilide, tubercular syphiloderm. T. ulcer = 

TUBERCULOUS ULCER. 

tu-ber-cu-la'tion. The development of tubercles; 
the becoming affected with tubercles, ft^^ber'- 
cu-la-ted. 

tu-ber'cu-lase. A preparation of tubercle bacilli 
used principally to immunize animals against 
the tuberculous virus, but also in human beings; 
introduced by Von Behring, es- Tulase. Dose 
for cattle, 0.025 Cc. [T[ M. R. Dec. 7, ’07.] 
tu-ber-cule'. = Tubercle, def. i. 
tu-ber'cu-lide. Any tuberculous lesion of the skin, 
tu-ber'cu-lin. A diagnostic and therapeutic prepara¬ 
tion from tubercle*bacilli; Koch’s lymph; para- 
toloid: used in tuberculosis. It occurs in a num¬ 
ber of modifications, the most important being 
given below, e^ Calmette’s reaction; Mara- 
GLiANo’s serum; Moro’s reaction; opsonic in¬ 
dex; Pirquet’s reaction; puncture reaction; 
tuberculocidin. T. a., an alkaline (albumin) 
tuberculin obtained by Koch; tuberculo*albumin. 
It is in form of a clear fluid and free from poi¬ 
sonous toxins and those causing fever. It is 
taken by the drop. Koch’s old or T. O. {Tuber¬ 
culin oberst, or upper or original tuberculin), a 
glycerin extract prepared from cultures of bacilli 
in bouillon with peptone and 5% glycerin. The 
fully developed cultures are evaporated on a 
water*bath to about of their volume and fil¬ 
tered through porcelain. The serum is used hy¬ 
podermically in both man and animals for treat¬ 
ment and diagnostic purposes. In inexperienced 
hands it is one of the most dangerous drugs or 
• agents employed and at first after Koch’s discov¬ 
ery in 1890 was recklessly used, falling into dis¬ 
repute, but now it or its various modifications 
are regarded as valuable curative agents in incip¬ 
ient cases of tuberculosis and as diagnostics. By 
treatment with ammonium sulphate, the albu- 
moses are separated and when taken up again in 
water, dialysed, and washed the product is termed 
modification B. Koch’s new t. or T. R. {residual or 
rest tuberculin) , a preparation prepared by drying 
the cultures in vacuo, pulverizing, then making an 


TUBERCULINE 


1034 


TUBERCULOSIS 


emulsion with distilled water and centrifugating 
it for 30 to 50 minutes. The lower muddy sedi¬ 
ment is again triturated, emulsified, and cen¬ 
trifugated several times until the whole mass is 
an opalescent liquid. It contains the insoluble 
constituents of the bacilli, there being 2 mg. of 
the bacillary substance to each i Cc. Koch’s 
bacillus emulsion or Tuberculin B. E. (Bacillen 
Emulsion), a suspension of pulverized bacilli in 
50% glycerin, containing 5 mg. of the bacillary 
substance to i Cc. Calmette’s tuberculinsophthal- 
mic reagent, a solution in sterilized water of old 
tuberculin precipitated by alcohol, so as to obtain 
a solution free from glycerin. Denys’s t. or tu¬ 
berculin B. F. (bouillon filtri), the filtrate from 
bouillon cultures of the tubercle bacillus. T. 
test, the production of moderate fever and swell¬ 
ing and redness of the tubercular lesion in tu¬ 
berculous patients following the subcutaneous 
injection of 5 mg. of tuberculin: in healthy per¬ 
sons no appreciable effect is produced, 
tu-ber'cu-line. A ptomaine produced by the action 
of the tubercle bacillus. 

tu-ber-cu-lin'ic acid. A nucleic acid from tubercle 
bacilli: it contains thymine and a neutral sub¬ 
stance, tu-ber-cu-lo'sine. tu-ber-cu-lo-sam'ine. 
tu-ber'cu-li-nose. A modified form of tuberculin, 
tu-ber-cu-li'tis. Inflammation of a tubercle. 
tu-ber*cu-li-za'tion. i. Treatment with tuberculin 
or its modification.s. 2. Formation of or conver¬ 
sion into tubercle, ftu-ber'cu-lize. 
tu-ber*cu-losal-bu'min. Tuberculin A. 
tu-ber'cu-lo-cele. Tubercular disease of the testicle. 
tu-ber*cu-lo-ci'din. A preparation of purified tu¬ 
berculin, said to possess its useful properties 
without its reactionary ones, 
tu-ber'cu-lo-der'ma. Any tubercular swelling or 
nodule of the skin. 

tu-ber‘cu-lo-fi'broid. Denoting tubercular tissue 
which has undergone fibroid degeneration, 
tu-ber'cu-loid. Of the nature of tubercle, 
tu-ber-cu-loi'din. A modification of tuberculin in 
which it is treated with alcohol and thus cleared 
of its bacilli. 

tu-ber'cu-lol. A tuberculous toxin free from second¬ 
ary products. It contains the toxins of both 
the culture fluid and the bacillus cells and is used 
hypodermically. 

tu-ber-cu-lo'ma. A neoplasm caused by the tuber¬ 
cle bacillus. 

tu-ber'cu-losop-son'ic index. ^ Opsonic index. 
tu-ber*cu-lo-pho'bi a. A morbid dread of tubercu¬ 
losis. 

tu-ber*cu-lo-plas'min. A preparation of the proto¬ 
plasm of tubercle bacilli obtained by submitting 
them to hydraulic pressure and filtering the 
product through porcelain, 
tu-ber-cu-lo'sis. A specific infectious disease due 
to the presence of the tubercle bacillus {Bacil¬ 
lus tuberculo'sis) and marked by the deposit of 
TUBERCLES or diffuse infiltration of tuberculous 
tissue which undergoes caseation or sclerosis and * 
may finally ulcerate or in some places calcify. 
The lungs are most frequently attacked and 
hence the term alone is often used in the sense of 
pulmonary tuberculosis or phthisis (def. 2). In 
children the lymphatic glands, bones, and joints 
are most frequently attacked. The brain, spleen, 
intestines, kidneys, liver, skin, generative organs, 
mucous membranes, peritonaeum, etc., are also 
subject to attack. The stomach is exempt. On 
skin and mucous membranes ulceration is usual. 


and anaemia, loss of strength, fever, and sweats 
are common to most forms. The modes of 
infection are: (i) By Inhalation, in which the 
bacilli gain entrance into the system by 
being inhaled into the lungs, in form of 
finely divided particles of sputum, suspended in 
the air, or attached to particles of dust. (2) 
By Ingestion, either through the intestines or 
tonsils. This method is claimed to be very com¬ 
mon. [See Sir William Whitla, The Etiology of 
Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Lancet, July 18, 1908.] 
(3) By Hereditary Transmission, possibly by the 
ovum but most commonly by the blood^current 
by way of the placenta. (4) By Inoculation, 
usually localized: seen chiefly in those whose 
occupation brings them in contact with dead 
bodies. Tuberculosis is practically universally 
distributed. The influence of sex is slight, though 
women are somewhat more frequently attacked. 
In race the North American Indian and the Negro 
(but not in Africa) are especially prone to it. The 
Jews are relatively immune. Environment is the 
most important factor in predisposing toward the 
disease. Crowded and ilbventilated dwellings or 
workshops, dampness, darkness, close confine¬ 
ment, exposure, intemperance, etc., lessen resist¬ 
ing power. Certain specific fevers, catarrh, 
chronic diseases, etc., also predispose toward it. 
There are also certain individual predispositions 
in the formation of the bodily organism, as the 
long, narrow, flat chest, relatively small heart, etc. 
car Calmette’s reaction; Moro’s reaction; 
opEN=AiR treatment; opsonic index; phthisis; 
Pirquet’s reaction; pseudotuberculosis; 

PUNCTURE REACTION ; TUBERCLE ; TUBERCLE BACIL¬ 
LUS ; TUBERCULIN. Acutc miliary t., a rapidly fatal 
form of tuberculosis spreading rapidly to various 
parts of the body by auto=infection; disseminated 
t.; general t. It occurs in three principal forms: 
(i) a general or typhoid form; (2) a pulmonary 
form; and (3) a meningeal form. Anatomical t. 
= ANATOMICAL TUBERCLE. T. aspergilU'na, a 
disease resembling tuberculosis but caused by a 
species of Aspergillus. Attenuated t., tuber¬ 
culosis in which there are caseous and gummatous 
skinscomplications and a tendency toward cold 
abscess. Avian t., tuberculosis in birds. T. 
bacillus = TUBERCLE bacillus. Bovine t., 
tuberculosis of cattle, which whether transmis¬ 
sible to man or not has not yet been definitely 
settled; the “grapes”; pearl disease; Perlsucht 
(Ger.). ^ Tubercle BACILLUS. Cerebral t. i. 

= Tuberculous meningitis. 2. Tuberculosis of 
the brainssubstance. Cestodic t., a disease 
resembling tuberculosis but due to cestode para¬ 
sites. Chicken t. or T. of fowls, a variety of 
tuberculosis affecting chickens, produced by 
Bacillus tuberculo'sis gallina'rum. Closed t., 
INCLOSED. T. cu'tis. I. A manifestation of 
general tuberculosis in which tubercular infiltra¬ 
tions of the skin occur. 2. Lupus, anatomical 
tubercle, scrofuloderma, or any cutaneous affec¬ 
tion due to the tubercle bacillus. T. cu'tis pruri- 
gino'sa = urticaria perstans. Disseminated t. or 
T. dissemina'ta, acute miliary tuberculosis. 
General t., acute miliary tuberculosis. Laryn¬ 
geal t., Laryngitis, TUBERCULAR. Latent t., 
tuberculosis in which the original infection took 
place in the uterus, the bacilli lying dormant in 
the lymphatic glands for some time after birth. 
T. of the lungs = phthisis, def. 2. Open t., &■ 
OPEN. Primary or local t., tuberculosis confined 


TUBERCULOTOXIN 


1085 


TUBO- 


to individual organs or parts. Pulmonary t. = 
PHTHISIS, def, 2. Secondary t., the spreading of 
primary tuberculosis to other parts of the body 
than that first affected. T. of the skin = T. 
CUTIS. Surgical t., tuberculosis of parts which 
may be treated surgically. T. verruco'sa cu'tis, 
verruca necrogenica occurring in butchers and 
slaughtershouse employees. T. zooglce'ica = 
PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS. 

tu-ber*cu-lo-tox'in. A toxin from tubercle bacilli. 

tu-ber'cu-lous. i. Having nodes or tubercles; tu¬ 
bercular. 2. Relating to tuberculosis. Cor¬ 
rectly, the term should only be used for lesions 
due to the tubercle bacillus, reserving tubercular 
for the equivalent of nodular or tuberous, as 
tubercular leprosy. T. abscess, an abscess due to 
tuberculosis. T. adenitis, tuberculous inflamma¬ 
tion of lymphatic glands, especially the cervical. 

O. ’o6.] T. arthritis, tuberculosis of a joint. 
T. cirrhosis, cirrhosis due to the formation of con¬ 
nective tissue on the eruption of miliary tubercles 
in tuberculosis of the liver. [T[ O. ’o6.] T. diar¬ 
rhoea, diarrhoea due to tuberculosis of the bowels. 
T. diathesis = TUBERCULAR diathesis. T. disease 
of the foot, fungus foot. T. hydrocephalus, tsr tu¬ 
bercular MENINGITIS. T. infiltration, infiltra¬ 
tion of a part with tuberculous granulations. T. 
inflammation, inflammation caused by the tuber¬ 
cle bacillus. T. laryngitis, ts- laryngitis. T. 
leptomeningitis, inflammation of the pia mater of 
the brain due to the tubercle bacillus. T. menin¬ 
gitis, inflammation of the pia mater of the brain 
due to the tubercle bacillus. T. nephritis, ts- ne¬ 
phritis. T. neuritis, polyneuritis from a toxin 
produced by the tubercle bacillus. T. orchitis, a 
scrofulous disease in which suppuration and case¬ 
ation with enlargement of the spermatic cord and 
seminal vesicles are apt to occur. T. pericarditis, 
ts- PERICARDITIS. T. peritonitis, peritonitis due to 
infection with the tubercle bacillus. T. phthisis = 
phthisis, def. 2. T. pneumonia, ts- pneumonia. 
T. salpingitis, nodular salpingitis due to in¬ 
vasion of the tubercle bacillus. T. scrofuloderm 
== GRANULOMA. T. SynOVitis, 13 ^ SYNOVITIS. T. 
ulcer, an ulceration due to tuberculosis. 

tu-ber'cu-lum*, pi. tuber'cula. A tubercle, espe¬ 
cially in the sense of def. i ; a tuberosity. T. 
acus'ticum*, a collection of nervescells in con¬ 
nection with the fibres of deep origin of the audi¬ 
tory nerve, and situated beneath the floor of the 
fourth ventricle above the trigonum acustici. T. 
annula're, the pons varolii. T. ante'rius atlan'- 
tis*, the conical eminence on the front of the an¬ 
terior arch of the atlas. T. ante'rius thal'ami*, 
the anterior prominent extremity of the thala¬ 
mus; corpus album subrotundum: one of the an¬ 
terior pair of corpora quadrigemina. Tuber'cula 
arthrit'ica = CALCULOUS concretions. T. auric'- 
ulae [Darwin'i]* = Darwinian tubercle. T. 
cine'reum [Rola-n'dij* = TUBERCLE of Rolando. 
T. cornicula'tum [Santori'ni]* = corniculatum 

LARYNGIS. T. cos'tae* = TUBERCLE OF A RIB. 

Tuber'cula doloro'sa, small, subcutaneous, painful 
neuromata. T. epiglot'ticum* = cushion of the 
EPIGLOTTIS. T. ephip'pii, the olivary body. T. 
hypoglos'si = trigonum hypoglossi. T. im'par, 
a small median tubercle on the floor of the phar¬ 
ynx of the embryo, between the ends of the man¬ 
dibular and hyoid arches: the rudiment of the 
tongue. T. interveno'sum [Lowe'ri]* = Lower’s 

TUBERCLE. T. jugula're* = JUGULAR TUBERCLE. 

T. Lisfranc'i = SCALENE tubercle. T. lowe'ri = 


Lower’s tubercle. T. majus*, the greater tu¬ 
berosity of the humerus, situated below the outer 
part of the head. To it are attached the supra¬ 
spinous, infraspinous, and teres minor muscles. 
T. mal'lei, the short process of the malleus. T. 
menta'le*, a small prominence on the mandible, 
at its lower border where it changes from the 
transverse to the more or less anteroposterior 
direction; mental tubercle. T. mi'nus*, the tu¬ 
berosity situated below the front of the head of 
the humerus for the insertion of the subscapu- 
laris muscle. T. obturato'rium ante'rius* and 
posterius*, obturator tubercle. T. pha- 
ryn'geum* »= PH.\RYNGEAL tubercle. T. pos- 
te'rius, the posterior extremity of the thalamus. 
It forms a bolsterslike process, and is therefore 
usually called the Pulvinar. T. pu'bicum* or 
pu'bis= PUBIC SPINE. T. quadrigem'ina, the 
corpora quadrigemina. T. scale'ni [Lisfranc'i]* 
= SCALENE TUBERCLE. T. Sel'laC* = OLIVA R V 
EMINENCE, def. I. T. syphilit'icum, a syphiloma 
of the skin. [L.] 

tu-be-rif'e-rous. Bearing or having tubers, 
tu-ber'i-form. Resembling a tuber, 
tu'be-rose. i. Tuberous. 2. The plant Polian'thes 
tubero'sa, furnishing a volatile oil. 
tu-be-ros'i-tas*. = Tuberosity. is- Tubercu- 
LUM*. T. coracoi'dea* = conoid tubercle. T. 
costa'lis* = RHOMBOID IMPRESSION. T. deltoi'- 
dea* = deltoid ridge. T. glutae'a* = gluteal 
RIDGE. T. ili'aca* = ILIAC tuberosity. T. in- 
fraglenoida'lis* = infraglenoid tubercle. T. 
maxil'lae, the eminence at the lower part of 
the posterior surface of the superior maxillary 
bone above the wisdom tooth. T. ra'dii* = 
bicipital tuberosity. T. supraglenoida'lis* = 

SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE. T. tib'iae* = TUBER- 
CLE OF THE TIBIA. T. ul'nae* = TUBERCLE OF 
THE ULNA. 

tu-be-ros'i-ty. Any rounded or blunt eminence or 
process of a bone; tuberositas*-. T. of the femur, 
an internal and an external, situated above the 
respective condyles of the humerus. Greater t. 
of the humerus = TUBERCULUM majus*. Lesser 
t. of the humerus = TUBERCULUM minus*. T. 
of the ischium = TUBER ischii. T. of the palate 
bone = PYRAMIDAL PROCESS. T. of the radius = 
BICIPITAL TUBEROSITY. T. of the tibia = TUBER¬ 
CLE OF the tibia. [< L. tuber os'it as.] 
tu'ber-ous. Marked by tuberosities; tuberose, as 
T. sclerosis. 

tubes of Ferrein. =Ferrein’s tubes. 
tu-bif'e-rous. Bearing tubes, 
tu'bi-form. Formed like a tube, 
tu'bing. The act of furnishing with a tube; intu¬ 
bation ; also the tube itself, 
tu'bo-. Relating to a tube, especially the fallopian 
or eustachian tube: a combining form. [< L. 
tu'bus tube.] tu'bosab-dom'i-nal, relating to both 
oviduct and abdomen, as T. pregnancy, extra* 
uterine pregnancy in which the ovum develops 
partly within the oviduct and partly in the ab¬ 
dominal cavity.— tu'bosad-nex'o-pex-y, opera¬ 
tive fixation of the adnexa of the uterus.— tu’bo- 
lig-a-men'tous, relating to the oviduct and the 
broad ligament.— tu'boso-va'ri an, both tubal 
and ovarian, as T. /fgamewi = fimbria ovarica*, 
and T. pregnancy, pregnancy in which the ovum 
develops between the fimbriae of the oviduct and 
' the ovary.— tu’boso-va-ri-ot'o-my, excision of 
the oviducts and ovary.— tu’bo-par-o-va'ri an, 
both tubal and parovarian.— tu*bo-per-i-to-ne'- 


TUBULAR 


103(5 


TULLY’S POWDER 


al, relating to the oviducts and peritoneum. 
— tu-bo-tym'pa-nal, -tym-pan'ic, relating to the 
eustachian tube and the tympanum, as T. canal 
or sac, the evagination of the hypoblast forming 
the eustachian tube and the tympanum. It cor¬ 
responds to the first inner visceral furrow.— tu- 
bosu'te-rine pregnancy, pregnancy in which part 
of the embryo is within the oviduct and part 
in the uterus.— tu-bo-vag'inal, both tubal and 
vaginal. 

tu'bu-lar, tu'bu-late, tu'bu-la-ted, tu'bu-lous. Re¬ 
sembling a tube. T. adenoma, an adenoma resem¬ 
bling a tubular gland in structure. T. aneurism 
= CYLINDROID ANEURISM. T. breathing = bron¬ 
chial RESPIRATION. T. CanCer = ADENOID CAN¬ 
CER. T. carcinoma, scirrhous cancer of the skin, 
resulting in the formation of large nodules. T. 
enteritis = mucocolitis. T. epithelioma, cylin¬ 
droma. T. gland, a gland consisting of tubules, 
either simple or compound. T. looseness = muco¬ 
colitis. T. Ijnnphangitis, inflammation of the 
chief lymphatics attended with the formation of 
red lines on the skin. T. membrane = neuri¬ 
lemma. T. pneumonia, catarrhal PNEUMONIA, T. 
rale, a rale produced in a bronchial tube. T. res¬ 
piration = BRONCHIAL RESPIRATION. T. SOUnd, 
the sound heard in tracheal respiration. T. tis¬ 
sue, vascular tissue. 

tu'bu-la-ture. The short tube of a retort. 

tu'bule. A small tube; iubulus*. tubuli. 

tu'bu-li. “ Little tubes”; plural of tubulus*: ap¬ 
plied to several sets of minute vessels in different 
situations of the body; also to the pores of cer¬ 
tain fungi. T. Belli'ni = ductus recti. T. bilif'- 
eri = BILIARY canaliculi. T. ferreini, the tu¬ 
bules which make up Ferrein’s pyramids. T. 
galactoph'ori = TUBULI lactiferi. T. lactif'eri, 
the excretory ducts of the mammary gland" 
galactophorous ducts. T. rec'ti, ‘‘ straight tu¬ 
bules,” from 12 to 20 small tubes which pass 
in parallel lines to the back and upper part of 
the testicle, forming there an oblong eminence 
termed corpus highmori, or corpus highmorianum 
(“ highmorian body”); tubuli seminiferi recti*. 
T. rena'les* = T. uriniferi. T. semicircula'res, 
the membranous semicircular canals. T. seminif'- 
eri, ‘‘seminiferous tubules,” the small, fine, tu¬ 
bular threads, about the two=hundredth of an 
inch in diameter, which, folded on one another, 
compose the substance of the testicle. T. seminif'- 
eri contor'ti*, any one of the several long, mani¬ 
foldly twisted, tortuous seminal canals, found in 
the lobules of the testicle and anastomosing with 
each other. T. seminif'eri recti* = T. recti. T. 
urinif'eri, minute tubes in the kidney which com¬ 
mence in the malpighian corpuscles and after 
running a complicated course empty into the 
pelvis of the kidney; tubuli renales*. In their 
course through the cortex, they are partly tor¬ 
tuous {tubuli renales coniorti*) and partly straight 
{tubuli renales recti*) ; in the pyramids they are 
straight only. [L.] ttu-bu-lif'e-rous. tu'bu-li-form. 

tu'bu-lo-cyst. Any cyst formed in a fonticulus, 
canal, or tube. 

tU"bu-lo-der'moid. A dermoid tumor resulting from 
the persistence of some fetal bone. 

tu*bu-lo-rac'e-mose. Both tubular and racemose: 
said of glands. 

tu'bu-lose, tu'bu-lous. = Tubular. 

tu'bu-lus*, pi. iu'buli. A little tube; a tubule, 

Tub u LI. T. laqueifor'mis, the looped tubule of 
Henlc. l^Henle’s loop. T. prox'imus con- 


volu'tus, the proximal convoluted urinary tubule, 
tu'bus. A tube or hollow cylinder. T. alimenta'- 
rius, or ciba'rius, the alimentary canal. T. med- 
ulla'ris, the spinal canal. T. vermicula'ris cae'ci, 
the vermiform appendix. T. vertebra'lis, the 
spinal canal. [L.] 

tuck'a-hoe, tuck'a-hoo. The vernacular name of a 
fungoid tuberous production {Pach'yma co'cos) 
composed almost entirely of pectose: usually 
found on plant roots; used as a food, 
tu'cum oil. An oil obtained from the fruit=pulp of 
Astroca'ryom vulga're, a plant of South America. 
Tubingen heart (tii'bfng-en). Dilatation and hyper¬ 
trophy of the heart from excessive consumption 
of alcohol: first observed in Tubingen. 

Tiirck’s column (tiircs). i. The anterior pyramidal 
TRACT. 2. The sensory bundles occupying the 
outer part of the crusta of the cerebral peduncle. 
T.’s fasciculus, the crossed pyramidal tract. T.’s 
ruling, the preferable haemocytometer ruling for 
counting both red and white corpuscles. 



Turck’s Ruled Slide for Blood-Counting. (X 19.) 


Tuf'nell’s bandage. A bandage made stiff and im¬ 
movable by applying a mixture of flour and 
white of eggs. T.’s method or treatment, a 
method of treating aneurism by complete rest 
and reduction of the quantity of food and drink, 
tuft. A cluster; a clump. Malpighian t. 
tug'ging. ^Tracheal tugging. 
tu'lase. A tuberculosis remedy introduced by Von 
Behring. It is a clear liquid, resembling thin 
honey, which contains all the constituents of the 
tubercle bacillus and is prepared by a compli¬ 
cated process. Dose given by Von Behring, 
0.01 Cc. The substance derived from the tu¬ 
bercle bacilli is called TC, and TX when modified 
by cellular activity. TV is a fermentative, cata¬ 
lytic substance which represents the toxic factor 
of Koch’s tuberculin, and TGL a globulin soluble 
in 10% solution of sodium chloride. ftuTase* 
lac'tin, a milky, emulsiondike form of tulase. 
tu'li-pine. A poisonous sialagogue alkaloid from 
the garden tulip. Dose, 0.002 Gm. {-^q gr.). 
tu'lipstree. A common name for Liriodendron 
tulipifera: said to contain the alkaloid tu- Up'- 
e-rine. 

Tul'ly’s powder. =Pulvis morphine compositus*. 




















































































TULPIUS’S VALVE 


1037 


TUNICA 


TuTpius’s valve. = Ileocecal valve. 
tu-me-fac'tion. A swelling or enlargement, from 
whatever cause, ttu-me-fa'ci ent. 
tu'me-nol. A crude mixture of sulphones and sul- 
phonic acids derived from bituminous shale. It 
occurs in form of a syrupy oil, Oil of t. or tume- 
nolsulphone, and in a powder, T. powder or tume- 
nolsulphonic acid. It is antiseptic and used in 
skin diseases, in 5 to 10% solution or ointment, 
tu-mes'cence. = Tumefaction. 
tu'mid. Swollen, distended, or inflated. [< L. 

tu'midus, fr. tume're to swell.] ttu-mid'i-ty. 
tu'mor, pi. tumo'res. i. A swelling. 2. A morbid 
growth of new tissue in any part of the body, 
not due to inflammation and differing in struc¬ 
ture from the part in which it grows; neoplasm; 
new growth. Tumors may be solid or hollow 
(cystic t.). When a tumor tends to recur after 
removal, and to infect the system, it is called 
malignant; when it does not, benign, innocent, 
or nonsmalignant. is-C arcinoma; cyst; epi¬ 
thelioma; fibroma; lipoma; neuroma; sar¬ 
coma. etc. Specially named varieties of tumors 
are Adenoid ( = adenoma). Adipose ( = lipoma). 
Blood, Butyroid, Cartilaginous ( = enchon- 
droma). Cavernous, Cock’s peculiar, Connec- 
tivestissue. Dermoid, Desmoid, Eiloid, Em- 
BRYOPLASTic, Encysted, Erectile, False, Fatty 
(=lipoma), Fibrocalcareous, Fibrocellular, 
Fibrocystic, Fibroid or fibrous ( = fibroma). 
Fibroplastic, Floating, Follicular, Fun¬ 
gating, Glandular, Grawitz’s, Gubler’s, 
Gummatous, Heterochronic, Heterologous, 
Heteroplastic, Histoid, Homceoplastic, Ho¬ 
mologous, Lacteal, Margaroid, Melanotic, 
Mixed, Mucous ( = myxoma). Muscular ( = my¬ 
oma), Myeloid, Myoid, Nerves ( = neuroma). 
Osseous or osteoid ( = osteoma). Papillary ( = 
papilloma), Pearl, Phantom, Pott’s, Recur¬ 
rent, Rokitanski’s, Sand {— psammoma). 
Scalp { — CAPUT succedaneum). Sebaceous, 
Serocystic, Splenic, Stercor.\l, Teratoid ( = 
teratoma). Transition, Vascular, Villous { = 
papilloma), and Warty cicatricial. T. al'bus, 
white swelling, especially of the knee-joint. T. 
car'neus, sarcoma. T. ova'ri, ovarioncus. 
ttu'morous. 

tu-mul'tU3 cor'dis. Irregular action of the heart. 

T. sermo'nis, aphasia with stuttering on reading, 
tung'state. A combination of tungstic acid with a 
base. T. of calcium is used to coat the screens 
in the fluoroscope. T. of soda, &■ soda. 
tungs'ten. A hard, brittle metal, very difficult of 
fusion: sp. gr., 18.7; at. wt., 182.6; symb., W. 
(Wolfra'mium) . Its color is iron-gray or whitish, 
like tin. It occurs in a mineral called wolframite, 
which is iron and manganese tungstate, and in 
scheeliie, a calcium tungstate. T. lamp, an elec¬ 
tric glow lamp containing a filament of sintered 
tungsten used at a white-hot temperature, 
tung'stic acid. An acid, H2WO4-WO3, obtained from 
tungstates by hot mineral acids, 
tu'nic. A coat or lining membrane; tunica*. 
tu'ni-ca*. A Latin word signifying a “coat,” a 
“ tunic ” : applied to a covering or a lining mem¬ 
brane, etc. T. acinifor'mis, aciria'lis, or acino'sa, 
the middle or vascular coat of the eye. T. ad- 
na'ta, that part of the conjunctiva which is in 
contact with the eyeball. T. adna'ta tes'tis, a 
portion of the tunica vaginalis testis covering the 
testicle and epididymis. T. adventi'tia*, the ex¬ 
ternal coat of an artery; adventitious (external) 


coat; adventitia, def. 2. T. albugin'ea cor'porum 
cavernoso'rum*, albugineous coat of the corpora 
cavernosa. T. albugin'ea oc'uli, “ white tunic 
of the eye.” i. The expansion of the ten¬ 
dons of the recti muscles upon the sclerotic. 
2. The sclerotic. T. albugin'ea ova'rii, “ white 
coat of the ovary,” the condensed outer portion 
of the stroma of the ovary. T. albugin'ea tes'- 
tis*, “ white coat of the testicle,” a strong, 
white, dense membrane forming the immediate 
covering of the testicle. T. arachnoi'dea == su- 
prachoroidea. T. arachnoi'des, “ arachnoid 
tunic or membrane,” the fine, thin membrane of 
the brain, situated between the dura mater and 
the pia mater. T. cadu'ca = decidua. T. car'- 
nea. i. The dartos. 2. The cremaster. T. cel- 
lula'ris, or T. cellulo'sa, the external coat of an 
artery. T. cer'ebri, the dura mater. T. cho- 
roi'des = choroid membrane. T. cceru'lea, 
“blue coat,” the iris. T. conjuncti'va, con¬ 
junctiva*. T. conjuncti'va bul'bi*, conjunctival 
coat of eyeball, as of conjunctiva. T. conjunc¬ 
ti'va palpebra'rum*. conjunctival coat of eye¬ 
lids, as of conjunctiva. T. cor'nea opa'ca, the 
sclerotic. T. cor'nea pellu'cida, the cornea. T. 
cras'sa, “thick tunic,” = decidua. T. dar'tos* 
= DARTOS. T. decid'ua reflex'a = decidua re- 
FLEXA. T. decid'ua u'teri = decidua vera. T. 
elas'tica = T. media*. T. erythroi'des, the cre¬ 
master. T. ex'tima. i . The external coat of a 
vessel. 2. The sclerotic. T. fibro'sa*. i. A 
fibrous MEMBRANE. 2. The outer coat of the 
eye, comprising the sclera and the cornea [BNA]. 
T. fibrosa oculi*. T. gla'bra = T. intima*. 
T. granulo'sa, the membrana granulosa, or an 
epithelial layer lining the follicle of a graaf¬ 
ian vesicle. T. hyaloi'dea = hyaloid mem¬ 
brane. T. inter'na*, internal coat, as of the 
theca of the follicle of ovary. T. in'tima*, 
inner coat; the internal tunic, or coat, of the 
vessels. T. jaco'bi = membrana jacobi. T. la'bii 
superio'ris*, mucous membrane of mouth. T. 
me'dia*, the middle, muscular coat of arteries 
and veins. T. muco'sa*, a mucous membrane. 
T. muscula'ris*, muscular coat. T. musculo'sa of 
the stomach, the muscular coat of the stomach. 
T. ner'vea oc'uli, the retina. T. nervo'sa = T. 
suBMUCosA*. T. pro'pria*, proper coat or tunic, 
as of the corium and straight seminiferous tu¬ 
bules of testicle. T. reflex'a, the portion of the 
tunica vaginalis testis lining the scrotum. T. 
retifor'mis, “ net-like coat,” the retina. T. ret'- 
ina, the retina. T. rhagoi'des, the choroid coat 
of the eye. T. ruyschia'na = entochoroidea. 
T. sero'sa*, a serous membrane. T. submuco'sa*, 
the submucous layer of intestines, female urethra, 
etc. T. suprachoroi'dea = ectochoroidea. T. 
uve'a = UVEA. T. vagina'lis, a serous (peri¬ 
toneal) sac forming a closed investment of the 
testicle. It is made up of two layers, a visceral 
and a parietal. T. vagina'lis commu'nis [tes'tis et 
funic'uli spermat'ici] * = tunica vaginalis. T. 
vagina'lis oc'uli = T. albuginea oculi. T. vas- 
culo'sa, the choroid coat proper of the eye; the 
mesochoroidea. T. vasculo'sa len'tis, the vascr 
lar envelope which surrounds and nourishes th^ 
young developing lens in the foetus. T. vasculo'sa 
oc'uli*, vascular coat of eye. T. vasculo'sa tes'¬ 
tis, the vascular layer on the inner side of the 
tunica albuginea of the testicle. T. villo'sa, the 
villous surface of the intestines. T. vit'rea, the 
hyaloid membrane. 


TUNICIN 


1038 


TWELFTH NERVE 


hi'ni-cin. An amorphous substance resembling cel¬ 
lulose found in the tissues of certain low animals 
{Ascid'ia) ; animal cellulose, 
tu'ningsfork. ^Diapason; Rinn^’s test. 
tun'nel anaemia. = Ankylostomiasis. T. of Corti, 
the tunnel formed by the arches of Corti and the 
basilar membrane; zona arcuata. T. disease, i. 
= Caisson DISEASE. 2. = Ankylostomiasis. T.s 
worm = Ankylostoma duodenale. 
tun'nelled sound. A grooved metallic sound 
bridged over at its extremity in order that it 
may be passed over a slender guide which has 
been previously introduced: used in stricture, 
tunctun. [T[/. Cla. ’10.] 

tu'pe-lo. Nyssa. T. tent, a tent made from the 
wood of Nys'sa muliifio'ra. 
tu'ra-cin. A red pigment from the feathers of the 
turacou, an African bird. 

tu'ra-nose. A sugar, C12H22O11, formed by the 
partial hydrolysis of melezitose. 
tur'ban tumor. A rare sarcoma of the scalp, 
tur'bid pneumonia. The indefinite pneumonic 
symptoms following injections of tuberculin; in¬ 
jection pneumonia. 

tur'bi-nal. i. Turbinated. 2. A turbinated bone. 
T. crests, two ridges on the internal surface of 
the palate bone. They are distinguished as 
superior and inferior. T. process, a narrow 
downward prolongation from the lachrymal bone 
joining the lachrymal spine of the inferior turbi¬ 
nated bone. [< L. turhina'lis.'] 
tur'bi-nate, tur'bi-nated. Formed like a top; 
wreathed conically from a base to a sort of apex; 
top*shaped. T. bodies, the bodies formed by the 
turbinated bones covered by spongy, vascular 
tissue. They form the upper boundaries of the 
superior, middle, and inferior meatuses of the 
nose. T. bones, “ top=shaped bones,” several 
bony plates situated in the nasal fossse. i. Su¬ 
perior turbinated hone or concha nasalis superior* 
is the highest, overhanging the superior nasal 
meatus. 2. Middle turbinated hone or concha 
nasalis media* is formed by the lower part of the 
lateral mass of the ethmoid bone. 3. Inferior 
turbinated bone or concha nasalis inferior* is the 
lowest, overhanging the inferior nasal meatus 
and articulating with the maxilla and the palate 
bone. The T. bones are called also spongy bones 
and concha. T. crests = turbinal crests. 
tur-bi-nec'to-my. Excision of a timbinated bone, 
tur-bin'o-tome. An instrument designed for the 
incision into or removal of a turbinated bone, 
tur-bi-not'o-my. Incision into a turbinated bone, 
tur'bo cer'ebri. The pineal gland. [L.] 

Tiirck’s. See as if spelled tuerck’s. 
tur-ges'cence. Swelling or distention of a part; 

turgor; turgidity. ftur-ges'cent. 
tur'gid. Swollen; congested, ftur-gid'i-ty. 
tur'gor. Fulness or turgidity, normal or otherwise. 

T. vita'lis, the normal fulness of blood=vessels. 
Tur'ke-stan ulcer. An ulceration marked by pro- 
, fuse suppuration and adenitis: seen among Per¬ 
sian soldiers in Turkestan, Oriental sore. 
Tur'key corn. The plant Dicen'tra canaden'sis, of 
North America, cr- Corydalis. T. galls, nuts 
galls from Turkey. T. gum, a fine quality of 
gum arabic, obtained from Aca'cia sen'egal. T. 
rhubarb, rhubarb formerly reaching commerce 
through Turkey. T. sponge, fine Levant sponge, 
obtained from the Mediterranean and Adriatic. 
Tur'kish bath. A bath in which the subject under¬ 
goes profuse perspiration in a heated room, is 


then soaped and rubbed all over, and finally 
takes a cold plunge or showersbath. Russian 
bath; achicolum. T. saddle = sella turcica*. 
Tur'ling-ton’s balsam. =Balsamum traumaticum. 
tur'me-ric. The root of Cur'cuma lon'ga. Cur¬ 
cuma. T. oil, the oil of turmeric. T. paper, 
white, bibulous paper impregnated with turmeric 
and used as a test for alkalies, which, when in 
solution, turn it reddish brown. T. yellow = 

CURCUMIN. 

tur'me-rol. An oily substance derived from oil of 
turmeric by the action of light petroleum, 
turn of life. The change of life; the menopause. 
Turn'bull’s blue. Ferrous ferricyanide, Fe5Cj2Nj2. 
Turne'ra microphyl'la. A plant supposed to be 
one of the sources of the drug damiana. 

Tur'ner’s cerate. = Unguentum calamin.®, 
turn'ing. = Version. 

turn'key. An old fashioned instrument for ex¬ 
tracting teeth, 
turn'sole. = Litmus. 

tur'pen-tine. =Terebinthina*. T. camphor = 
terpin. T. confection, the Confec'tio terebin'- 
thincBoi the B. P.: used as a styptic and carmin¬ 
ative. T. liniment = linimentum terebinthi- 

N^*. Oil of t. = OLEUM TEREBINTHIN.^*. 

tur'pen-tole. A variety of purified petroleum, 
tur'peth. = Turpethum. T. mineral = hydrar- 

GYRI SUBSULPHAS FLAVUS. 

tur'pe-thum. Turpeth, or turbeth, a product ob¬ 
tained from Ipomoe'a tur'pethum or Thomce'a 
tur'pethufk, a plant, a native of India. The root 
of the plant contains 10% of resin, called tur'pe- 
thin, which is its active principle and is purga¬ 
tive. T. ni'grum, black mercurous oxide (Hy- 
drar'gyri ox'idum cine'reum or ni'grum). 
turps. Oil of turpentine. 

tur'tlesback nail. A nail curved in all directions, 
like the shell of a turtle; seen after nerve^injuries. 
T.slung, bronchiectasis. T. oil, an oil prepared 
in South America from the eggs and the fat of 
turtles; used as a substitute for cod=liver oil. 
tu-run'da, pi. turun'dce. A tent or suppository; 

also a kind of paste made of fine flour. [L.] 
tusche (tMsh'e). India ink. [Ger.] 

Tussila'go far'fara. Colt’s foot, a composite plant 
of Europe, naturalized in the United States; 
used as a demulcent, expectorant, and astringent, 
tus'sis. A cough. T. convulsi'va, feri'na, quin'ta, 
stomacha'lis, or stran'gulans, terms for whooping* 
cough or PERTUSSIS. T. hyster'ica, a sharply 
accentuated cough occurring in hysteria, due to 
irritation of the superior laryngeal nerve. [L.] 
ftus'sal; tus-sic'u-lar. tus-sic-u-la'tion, a short, 
hacking cough, tus'sive, relating to or caused 
by cough, as T. fremitus, the vibration of the 
chest produced by coughing, 
tus'sol. A mandelate of antipyrine, phenylglycol- 
antipyrine: used in whooping*cough and as an 
antipyretic and analgesic. Dose, 0.05 to 0.5 Gm. 
( ^ to 8 grs.), according to the age of patient, 
tu-ta'men, pi. tutam'ina. A defence or safeguard: 
applied to parts which protect or defend others, 
as Tutam'ina cer'ebri, the pericranium, bones of 
the skull, etc. Tutam'ina oc'uli, the eyelids, eye¬ 
brows, etc. [L.] 

tut'ty. Impure zinc oxide. [H R- ’05.] 

Tv. tS-TULASE. 

twang. A harsh, sharp, often nasal, voice sound, 
tween'sbrain. The interbrain; diencephalon, 
twee'zers. =Volsella. 
twelfth nerve. The hypoglossal nerve. 











TWIN 


TYMPANO- 


1039 

twin. I, Geminate; growing in pairs. 2. One of 
two born at the same birth. T.scones, a modi¬ 
fied form of a conescell of the retina in which two 
cells are blended so as to form one element. T.s 
labor, tedious labor due to the presence of two 
foetuses. T.sleaf = Jeffersonia diphylla. T.s 
pole, that part of a spirabfibred nervescell from 
which both the straight and the spiral fibres 
start. T.spregnancy, pregnancy with twins, 
twins. Two children born at one birth, 
twinge. A sharp sudden pain, as of rheumatism, 
twist'ed suture. A suture made by piercing the 
wound transversely with a needle around and 
over which a thread is wound in the shape of the 
figure 8; harelip suture. 

twitch. A simple muscular contraction, ttwitch'- 
ing. 

twitch'sgrass. =Triticum repens. 

’twixt'sbrain. =Thalamencephalon*. 
two'sfin-ger version. Version performed by intro¬ 
ducing two fingers into the uterus. T.sneedle 
operation, removal by two needles of the opaque 
capsule of a lens which has been extracted. 

TX. ^ Tulase. 

ty-lar'sin. Acetybatoxyl; less toxic than atoxyl. 
Ty'le. A callus or callosity. [< rvlog knot.] 
tyl'i on. A craniometrical point situated on the an¬ 
terior edge of the optic groove in the middle line, 
tyl'ma-rin. A crystalline antirheumatic powder; 

acetylorthocumaric acid. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 
ty-lo'ma. A callus. [< rp/loc callus.] 
ty-loph'o-rine. An alkaloid from the root of Ty- 
loph'ora asthmat'ica, a plant whose leaves are used 
in India as a substitute for ipecacuanha, 
ty-lo'sis. The formation of calluses upon the skin. 

T. cilia'ris = PACHYBLEPHARON. T. lin'guae = 
LEUCOPLACIA BUccALis. T. pal'mae or palma'ris, 
a callous place on the hands. T. plan'tae or 
planta'ris, a callosity on the foot, fty-lot'ic. 
ty-lo-ste-re'sis. Excision of a callosity, 
tym'pa-nal. = Tympanic. 

tym-pa-nec'to-my. Excision of the membrana tym- 
pani. 

tym-pan'ia. ==Tympanites. 

tym-pan'ic. i. Relating to the tympanum. 2. The 
tympanic bone. T. angle, the angle in the duct 
of the cochlea where the basilar membrane joins 
the wall of the cochlea. T. arteries, the arteries 
supplying the tympanum: the anterior is a branch 
of the internal maxillary, passing through the 
glaserian fissure; the posterior is a branch of the 
stylomastoid; the superior is a branch of the mid¬ 
dle meningeal, passing through the upper opening 
of the tympanic canaliculus; the inferior is a 
branch of the ascending pharyngeal; and the ca¬ 
roticotympanic is from the internal carotid. T. attic 
= ATTIC OF THE TYMPANUM. T. body, a node of 
vessels and connective tissue around the tympanic 
branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. T. bone, 
the incomplete ring of bone surrounding the ex¬ 
ternal auditory canal; T. plate or ring. T. canal 
— scALA TYMPANi*. T. Canal, T. canaliculus, a 
small foramen in the ridge of bone between the 
jugular fossa and the carotid canal for the tym¬ 
panic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve ; 
canaliculus tympanicus*. T. cartilage, a cartilag¬ 
inous extension of the cartilage of the external 
ear, attached to the edge of the bony external 
auditory meatus. T. catheter, an elastic tube of 
silk and rubber for introducing into the tympanic 
cavity through the mouth and eustachian tube. 

T. cavity, the cavity of the middle ear: canum 


tympani*^. T. ganglion, a ganglion formed by a 
branch of the glossopharyngeal, situated in the 
canal between the lower surface of the petrosa 
and the tympanum, and distributed to the tym¬ 
panum. T. gland, a swelling on the tympanic 
nerve, near the tympanic canal, similar to the 
coccygeal gland. T. lamina, the tympanic plate of 
the petrous portion of the temporal bone. T. 
membrane = MEMBRANA tympani*. T. nerve, a 
branch from the petrous ganglion of the glosso¬ 
pharyngeal to the tympanum; Andersch’s nerve; 
Jacobson’s nerve; nervus tympanicus*. T. notch 
== notch OF Rivinus. T. orifice, the aperture 
at the inner end of the external auditory meatus, 
opening into the tympanum. T. passage, that 
passage of the cochlea which communicates with 
the tympanum. T. plate, the plate of bone form¬ 
ing the sides and floor of the auditory meatus. T. 
plexus, a nervesplexus formed by the branches of 
the glossopharyngeal nerve on the promontory 
and inner wall of the tympanum; plexus tym¬ 
panicus*. T. resonance = tympanitic reso¬ 
nance. T. ring, the tympanic bone in its early an¬ 
nular condition. T. roof = T. tegmen. T. scute, 
a crescentsshaped surface on the temporal bone 
forming the external boundary of the upper por¬ 
tion of the tympanic cavity. T. sound = tym¬ 
panitic resonance. T. tegmen, the plate of 
bone forming the roof of the tympanum; tegmen 
tympani*. T. tensor, the tensor tympani. T. 
trephine, a trephine consisting of a solid shaft 
with a tubular cutting end. ftym-pa-nic'i-ty. 

tym-pan'i-chord. The chorda tympani nerve, 
pan-i-chor'dal. 

tym-panu-co-lin-gua'lis. The common trunk com¬ 
posed of the chorda tympani and lingual nerves. 

tym-pan’i-co-mas'toid fissure. A fissure or groove 
behind the tympanic part of the temporal bone, 
marking the place where it is joined to the mas¬ 
toid process; fissura tympanicomastoidea*. 

tym-pa-ni'tes, tym'pa-nism. Distention of the ab¬ 
domen by gas in the intestines or the peritoneal 
cavity; meteorism; drumsbelly. T. hyster'ica, 
distention of the abdomen in hysteria. T. uni- 
versa'lis, general emphysema. Uterine t., tym¬ 
panism of the uterus, due to physometra from 
putrefaction of a dead foetus, ftyni-pa-nit'ic, as 
T. abscess, an abscess containing gas: T. dulness, 
tympanitic resonance which has a dull quality: 
and T. resonance, high=pitched resonance heard 
upon percussion over intestines, cavities, etc. 
filled with air or gas. 

tym-pa-ni'tis. Inflammation of the lining mem¬ 
brane of the tympanum; otitis media. 

tym'pa-no-. Relating to the tympanum: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< TVpnavov drum.] tym'pa-no-cer'- 
vi-cal abscess, an abscess beginning in the tym¬ 
panum and extending toward the region of the 
neck.— tym'pa-no-disk, the membrana tympani. 
— tym'pa-noseu-sta'chi an, relating to the tym¬ 
panum and the eustachian tube.— tym*pa-no-hy'- 
al. I. Relating to the tympanum and the hyoid 
bone. 2. A bone of the foetus and of early life, 
which lies anterior and internal to the stylomas¬ 
toid foramen, afterward fusing with adjacent 
parts. — tym’pa-no-ko-ni-an'tron, an instrument 
for insufflation into the middle ear.— tym-pan-o- 
mal'le al, relating to the tympanic bone and 
the malleus.— tym'pa-no-man-dib'u-lar, relating 
to the tvmpanum and the inferior maxilla 
as T. cartilage — Meckel’s cartilage. — tym-pa- 
no-mas'toid, relating to the tympanum and the 


TYMPANOUS 


1040 


TYPHOID 




mastoid portion of the temporal bone, as T. ab¬ 
scess, an abscess involving the tympanum and 
the mastoid cells, ftym’pa-no-mas-toi-di'tis. 
tym‘pa-no-pho'ni a = autophony. —-tym-pa-no- 
squa-mo'sal, relating to the tympanic and squa¬ 
mosal portions of the temporal. — tym'-pa-no- 
tem'po-ral, relating to the tympanum and tem¬ 
poral bone. — tym-pa-not'o-my, paracentesis 
tympani. 

tym'pa-nous. Relating to tympanites, 
tym'pa-num. The middle ear, or excavation in the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone, containing 
the ossicles and their muscles and ligaments: con¬ 
nected with the pharynx by the eustachian tube, 
and limited externally by the membrana tympani. 
tym'pa-ny. = Tympanites. 
tyn'dal-i-za'tion. Intermittent sterilization. 
Tyn'dall’s phenomenon. The visibility of a light* 
ray passed through a colloidal suspension con¬ 
taining only ultramicroscopic particles, Ul- 
TRAsMiCRoscoPE. [John Tyndall, i82o-’93.] 
type. I. A figure; an image; a model; a charac¬ 
ter. Snellen’s ts ; test*types. 2. A sub¬ 
stance whose graphic formula serves as a model 
for constructing the formulas of other com¬ 
pounds: chemical type. [< L. ty'pus form.] 
typesem'bry-o. An embryo in that stage of devel¬ 
opment at which the characteristics of the type 
to which it belongs may be seen, 
type'wri-ters’ backache. A peculiar pain in the 
back occurring in typewriters. Ts.’ cramp, an 
occupation neurosis occurring in typewriters: 
analogous to writers’ cramp. 
typh, typh'sfe-ver. Either typhoid or typhus fever, 
ty-phae'mi a. The morbid state of the blood char¬ 
acteristic of typhus; eberthaemia. 
ty'phase. A bacteriolytic enzyme formed by the 
bacillus of typhoid fever, 
ty'phi a. =Typhoid fever, fty'phic. 
ty-phin'i a. Relapsing fever. 

typh'len-te-ri'tis. A word proposed as a substitute 
for appendicitis. [< tv(^\ 6 v caecum.] 
typh-li'tis. Inflammation of the caecum, Ap¬ 
pendicitis; PERITYPHLITIS. T..stercora'lis, typh¬ 
litis due to fecal concretions. Jtyph-lit'ic. 
typh'lo-. Relating to the caecum or blind gut; de¬ 
noting blindness; caeco-: a combining form, 
typh'lo-cele, hernia of the caecum.— typh'lo-co- 
li'tis. [T[ A. y. M. Jr., vol. 84.] — typh'lo-dic-li- 
di'tis, inflammation of the valve between the 
caecum and the ileum.— typhdosem-py-e'ma, 
typhlitis accompanied by abscess.— typh‘lo-:en- 
te-ri'tis = TYPHLITIS.— typh'lo-graph, an instru¬ 
ment enabling the blind to write.— typh-lo- 
lex'i a* = woRD*BLiNDNESs.— typh'lo-pex-y, fix¬ 
ation of the caecum.— typh’lo-li-thi'a-sis, the for¬ 
mation of concretions in the caecum.— typh-lol'- 
o-gy, that branch of medical science which treats 
of blindness.— typh'lon, the caecum.— typh-lo'sis, 
blindness.— typh*lo-ste-no'sis, constriction of the 
caecum.— typh-los'to-my, a variety of colostomy 
with the opening made in the caecum.— typhdo- 
te-ri'tis = typhlo*enteritis. — typh-lot'o-my, 
surgical cutting of or into the caecum. Ente- 
rotomy; laparotomy. 

ty-pho-bac-il-lo'sis. The state of typhoid infection, 
ty-pho'des. In a typhoid state; typhous, 
ty-pho-gen'ic. Causing typhus. 
ty-pho-hae'mi a. = Typhus. 

ty'phoid. Resembling typhus; specifically, typhoid 
FEVER. T. agglutometer, an agglutometer for 
use in typhoid. T. bacillus = bacillus typhosus. 


T. carrier, carrier. T. condition = t. state. 
T. face = FACIES hippocratica. T. fever, an 
exanthematous fever caused by the bacillus 
TYPHOSUS, which up to the time of Huxham and 
Louis was considered as being the same as 
typhus; enteric fever; abdominal typhus; ileo- 
typhus; dothrenteritis; autumnal fever. Hyper¬ 
plasia and ulceration of the intestinal lymphsfol- 
licles, especially of the Peyer’s patches, enlarge¬ 
ment of the spleen and mesenteric glands, and 
changes in the parenchymatous organs are present. 
It is a continued fever, usually coming on with 
weariness, headache, backache, cough, epistaxis, 



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Typhoid Fever Chart with Hemorrhage on 13 TH 
Day. Recovery. (Wilson.) 


and tenderness in the ileocaecal region. See illus¬ 
tration for the temperature and pulse in a typical 
case of typhoid fever, with hemorrhage. With the 
fever established, the initial headache is dimin¬ 
ished or wholly disappears. The pulse is ex¬ 
tremely weak. As the disease advances, there is 
usually on the chest and abdomen an eruption 
consisting of small rose=colored spots disappear¬ 
ing upon pressure. There is often diarrhoea, the 
stool being of a peculiar peassoup color and con¬ 
sistency. Relapses are common, and the complica¬ 
tions, such as bone lesions, orchitis, nephritis, per¬ 
foration, and cholecystitis, are many. Typhoid 
fever is transmitted by drinking water, flies, 
milk, shellfish, and dust, as from the bed of 
railroads. It has been shown that the typhoid 
bacillus may remain virulent for years in the 
gallbladder, and one so affected, though in appa¬ 
rent health, may be a source of infection for a 
longtime, Carrier: paratyphoid; Widal's 
reaction. Abortive t. fever, a form in which 
the symptoms are compressed into a very few 














































































































































TYPHOIDETTE 


1041 


TYSON’S GLANDS 


days; typhus levissimus. Afebrile t. fever, apy- 
retic T. FEVER. Ambulatory or Walking t. fever, 
a variety in which the symptoms are not severe 
enough to confine the patient to the house: a 
very common source of epidemics. Apyretic t. 
fever, a form in which the temperature does not 
rise above too° F., and may even remain normal; 
afebrile t. fever. Ataxic t. fever, a form in which 
from the beginning there are great exhaustion 
and high fever. Bilious t. fever, gastric t. fever. 
Foudroyant t. fever, a very severe form coming on 
with convulsions and other nervous disturbances. 
Gastric t. fever, typhoid fever in which there is 
severe and prolonged vomiting. Hemorrhagic t. 
fever, a very fatal form of typhoid fever, marked 
by profuse hemorrhage from the mouth, nose, 
bowels, and kidneys. T. lymphoma, a condition 
seen in typhoid fever in which small lymphoid 
masses are developed in the peritoneum, liver, 
and kidneys. T. measles, a severe form of 
measles, marked by hyperpyrexia and great pros¬ 
tration. T. meningitis, cerebrospinal meningitis. 
T. pneumonia, pneumonia in which the typhoid 
state exists. T. spine, a sequel of typhoid fever 
in which movements of the spine give rise to 
acute pain. T. state, a condition sometimes oc¬ 
curring in depressing diseases, in which there 
are great muscular weakness, brown tongue, 
muttering delirium, feeble pulse, involuntary 
passage of urine and faeces, etc. Walking t., 
ambulatory typhoid fever, fty-phoi'dal. 
ty-phoi-dette'. A mild form of typhoid fever, 
ty'pho-in. A vaccine of dead typhoid bacilli, 
typho-ma-la'ri al. An indefinite term applied to 
a group of fevers in which the typhoid and 
malarial symptoms are variously blended; Chick- 
ahominy fever, Typhopaludism. 
ty-pho-ma'ni a, ty-pho'ni a. A low, lethargic state, 
with muttering delirium; subdelirium. 
Typho'nium triloba'tum. A medicinal plant much 
used in Asia. 

ty-pho-pal'u-dism. Malarial fever in which the pa¬ 
tient assumes a typhoid state. 
typho-pneu-mo'ni a. Pneumonia occurring with 
typhoid fever or with a typhoid state, 
typho-re-mit'tent. Remittent fever assuming a 
typhoid state. 

typho-ru-be'o-loid. Typhus fever in which the rash 
resembles that seen in rubeola, 
ty-pho-sep'sis, ty-pho-sep-to'sis. Poisoning of the 
system caused by typhus fever, 
ty-pho'sis. The typhous condition, as syphilitic t. 
fty-pho'sus = typhodes. 

ty-pho-tox'in. A poisonous ptomaine, C7HJJNO2, 
from cultures of the BaciVlus typho'sus. 
typh'poi-son. The virus which produces typhus, 
ty'phus. An acute, highly contagious, febrile dis¬ 
ease, having no discoverable lesions other than 
those from the high temperature, and marked by 
abrupt onset, high fever, great prostration, ner¬ 
vous disturbances, and an eruption of erythema¬ 
tous patches, which usually appear from the third 
to the fifth day; hospital fever; spotted fever; 
jail fever; camp fever; ship fever; exanthematic 
(exanthematous) typhus; petechial typhus; Irish 
fever; fourteen^day fever; putrid fever; petechial 
'^fever. The exciting cause is not known. Its 
development is favored by starvation, over¬ 
crowding, bad ventilation, etc., as in jails, emi¬ 
grant ships, and during sieges. Its onset is at¬ 
tended by malaise, severe headache, excruciating 
pains 'in the back and thighs, a peculiar dusky 
66 


hue of the skin, accelerated pulse and rapid rise 
of temperature, and a peculiar, putrefactive odor. 
The eruption appears on the front of the chest 
and abdomen, and spreads rapidly over the entire 
surface of the body. It consists partly of dusky, 
non=elevated patches of erythema and partly of 
small, pink, elevated papules, which at first dis¬ 
appear on pressure, but soon become petechial. 
Typhus terminates by crisis about the fourteenth 
day, or results in death from exhaustion and 
coma. T. abdomina'lis = typhoid fever. T. 
ambulato'rius, walking typhoid fever. T. face, the 
dull, stuporous expression, marked by a dark* 
reddish tint of the face and conjunctiva, char¬ 
acteristic of typhus fever. T. ictero'des, a name 
sometimes applied to yellow fever. T. le'vis, 

“ light typhus,” a mild form of typhus fever. T. 
mi tior, “ milder typhus,” the milder form of 
typhus, or low fever; febris lenta; febris nervosa; 
typhus nervo'sus. fty'phous, as T. deposit, a 
deposit of peculiar new matter sometimes formed 
during typhus between the mucous and submu¬ 
cous coats of the glands of the intestines, 
typ'i-cal, typ'ic. Forming a type; expressing well 
the characteristics of a genus, order, disease, etc. 
ty'po-scope. A device used over print to exclude 
extraneous light in reading, 
ty-ram'ine. A proprietary ergot preparation, 
tyr'an-nism. Morbid or insane cruelty, as in sadism. 
tyr'a-tol. = Thymolis iodidum*. 
ty'rein. Coagulated casein. [< rvpdg cheese.] 
tyrem'esis infan'tium. Caseous vomiting of babes, 
ty-ri'a-sis. i. Alopecia. 2. Elephantiasis Arabum. 
Tyrog'lyphus. A genus of acarids, as T. entomoph'- 
agus, T. mencou'sti, and T. si'ro, the cheese=mite. 
ty'roid. Cheesy. 

ty-ro-leu'cin. A body, Cj4H22N204, derived from 
the decomposition of albumin, 
tyr'o-line. A violet aniline dye. 
ty-ro'ma. i. Alopecia. 2. Caseous tumor of the 
lymphatic glands, 
ty-ro-ma-to'sis. Caseation, 
ty'ro-sal. =Salipyrine. 
ty-ro'sin-ase. A ferment oxidizing tyrosine, 
ty'ro-sine. A colorless, crystalline substance, CgH^- 
NO3, obtained in the decomposition of organic 
matter by putrefaction or pancreatic digestion, 
or prepared synthetically by heating albuminoids 
with potassium hydroxide; /?=paraoxyphenyl* 
a*aminopropionic acid. ^ Leucine. 
ty-ro-sin-u'ri a. The presence of tyrosine in the urine, 
ty-ro'sis. i. The curdling of milk. 2. =Tyrem- 
ESis. 3. The process of caseous degeneration. 
Ty'rothrix. A genus of schizomycetes whose species 
correspond with those of the genus Bacil'lus. 
ty-ro-tox'i-con. A ptomaine found in cases of 
poisoning from milk, cheese, and ice*cream. It 
is a product of putrefaction, or it may be formed 
by the action of trypsin or of certain bacteria, 
ty-ro-tox'in. Any poisonous principle developed in 
milk or its products, tty-ro-tox'ism. 
ty-rox'in. An albuminous decomposition product. 
Tyrrel’s fascia (tir'elz). = Rectovesical fascia. 
T.’s hook, a blunt hook for drawing the iris 
through a hole in the cornea. 

Ty'son’s (ty-so'ni an) antimonial powder. A mix¬ 
ture of 20 grs. of antimony oxide with 180 grs 
of calcium phosphate. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 grs.). 
Ty'son’s (ty-so'ni an) glands. Small sebaceous glands 
round the corona of the penis, labia pudendi, and 
nymphas; glandulae odoriferas. [Edward Tyson, 
an English anatomist, 1630 - 1708.1 


u 


1042 


ULCUS 



C7 i*The chemical symbol for uranium. 2. Abbr. 
for^NiT, 

U.S.P. Abbr. for United States Pharmacopceia. 
The older decennial revisions are referred to by 
the year, but the latest, that of 1900. is desig¬ 
nated by an asterisk (*) after the title, 
u-a'ba in. = Ouabain. 
u-a-ka'ri. =Sake. 
u-ar-thri'tis. Gout due to uric acid, 
u-a-te'ri um. A medicine for introduction into the 
ear [<oj’,-ear.] 

u'bar. = Mamma* [L.] iu'ber-ty, fertility, u'be- 
rou3j proliiic. 

u-biq'ui-tous. Found everywhere, as of bacteria, 
u-cam'bm. =Ukambin 

u-cu-hu'la nut. The nutmeg*like seed of Myris'iica 
surinamen' sis. 

U-dran'sky’s test. A furfurol and sulphuric acid 
test for bile acids or for tyrosin. 

Uffelmann’s test (uf'^l-manz). i. A test for hydro¬ 
chloric acid in the stomach: the blue colorings 
matter of the huckleberry turns red if acid is 
present 2. A test for the hydrochloric and lactic 
acids in the gastric juice: 3 drops of ferric chloride 
solution and 3 drops of saturated solution of car¬ 
bolic acid in 2 Cc. of water are added; decoloriza- 
tion shows hydrochloric acid, yellow color shows 
lactic acid. 

Uhlenhuth’s test (a'kn-huts). K serum precipitin 
test for the differentiation of human blood, 
Biological bloodstest. 

Uht'hoff’s sign. Nystagmus found in multiple cere¬ 
brospinal sclerosis. 

Uhyae'a schim'peri. ts- Zerechtit. 
u-kam'bin. An African arrowspoison like digitalis, 
u'l-. Relating to the gums, a combining form. 
[< olikov gum.] u-laem-or-rha'gi a, bleeding from 
the gums.— u-la-ga>nac-te'sis, pain in the gums, 
especially the pain of teething.— u-la-tro'phi a, 
wasting or shrinking away of the gums, 
ul'cer. A loss of substance on an internal or ex¬ 
ternal surface, from gradual disintegration and 
destruction of the tissue; ulcus, sore, Fu¬ 
runcle. Among the specially named varieties 
of ulcer are Aden, Aleppo (= oriental sore). 
Amputating, Arrosion*, Arterial, Atheroma¬ 
tous (t^ atheromatous abscess). Atonic, 
Autochthonous (= chancre). Callous (= indo¬ 
lent), Cancroid (—rodent). Carcinomatous, 
Carious, Chancroidal (= chancroid, def. 2), 
Chronic (= indolent), Clarke’s, Cochin^^China 
(= oriental sore), Cock’sscomb, Cold, Con¬ 
stitutional, Corroding, Crateriform, Creep¬ 
ing (= serpiginous), Curling’s, Decubital (= 
bedsSore), Delhi (= oriental sore). Diph¬ 
theritic, Endemic, Erethistic (= irritable). 
Fistulous, Follicular, Fungous, Gastric, 
Gouty, Healthy, Hemorrhagic, Indolent, In¬ 
flamed, Intractable (= indolent). Irritable, 
Jacob’s, Lupoid, Lymphatic, Malabar (= ori¬ 
ental sore), Malignant, Marjolin’s, Men¬ 
strual, Mercurial. Oriental (= oriental 
sore), Parrot’s, Phagedenic (=slough- 

ing). Phlegmonous (= inflamed). Putrid, Ro¬ 
dent, Round (= gastric), Saemisch’s, Scor¬ 


butic, Serpiginous, Simple, Sloughing, Ster- 
coraceous. Sublingual, Symptomatic, Syphi¬ 
litic, Syriac, Tashkend ( = sartian disease), 
Toesnail, Tuberculous, Turkestan, Un¬ 
healthy, Varicose, Warty ( = Marjolin’s), 
Weak, and Yemen (= oriental sore). Per¬ 
forating u. of the foot, an ulcer occurring usually 
on the plantar surface of the foot. It involves 
the deep tissues and bones, and is marked by a 
thin, unhealthy discharge, a callous condition of 
the skin for some distance around the sore, and 
often anaesthesia of the foot. Perforating u. of 
the stomach, an ulcer of the stomach due to ob¬ 
struction of bloodsvessels, and associated with 
pain, nausea, and vomiting. It causes a perfora¬ 
tion of the serous coat of the stomach, and is 
often fatal. [< L. ul'cus, ulcer.] 
uF ce-rate. i. To form an ulcer in. 2. To become 
affected with ulcers. ful'ce-rat-ed, as U. sore 
throat = cynanche maligna and U. tooth, ulce¬ 
ration of the gums about a decayed tooth, 
ul-ce-ra'tion. Formation of an ulcer, or the proc¬ 
ess by whj,ch ulcers are formed; molecular death 
of a part with casting off of minute portions of 
tissue, a stage of inflammation. Suppura¬ 
tion. U. of the stomach = gastric ulcer. 
uFce-ra-tive. Pertaining to or causing ulceration. 
U. diarrhoea, a severe diarrhoea due to intestinal 
ulceration. U. endocarditis, endocarditis. U. 
keratitis, keratitis marked by ulceration. U. 
laryngitis, laryngitis with ulcers. U. pharyngi¬ 
tis, £3-PHARYNGITIS. U. SCrofuloderm = MYCOSIS 
FUNGOIDES. U. Ulitis, ULITIS. 
ul'ce-rou3. Having ulcers; of the nature of an 
ulcer. U. stomatitis, STOMATITIS, 
ul'cus, pi. w/'cera. = Ulcer. U. am'bulans, “ per¬ 
ambulating ulcer.” = Sloughing ulcer. U. 
ambustifor'me, a chancroid resembling a simple 
excoriation. U. aphtho'sum, ulcerative aphtha. 
U. arthrit'icum,a persistent ulcer of the skin due to 
arthritic concretions. U. callo'sum = indolent 
ULCER. U. cancro'sum (carcinomato'sum) = car¬ 
cinomatous ULCER. U. cario'sum = CARIOUS 
ULCER. U. catarrha'le, ulceration (usually cir¬ 
cular) in the mucous membrane in catarrhal 
affections. U. chron'icum = indolent ulcer. 
U. condylomato'sum, molecular disintegration of 
mucous papules. U. cor'neae, inflammatory ul¬ 
ceration of the cornea, Keratitis. U. corro'- 
dens clark'i, a phagedenic ulcer of the vaginal re¬ 
gion, occurring only in old age. U. ex cuban'do, 
a bedssore. U. diphthe'ricum = diphtheritic 
ULCER. U. du'rum, a ‘‘hard ulcer”; a true 
chancre. U. dysente'ricum, an ulcer remaining 
after a dysenteric infiltration is thrown off. U. 
ereth'icum = irritable ulcer. U. ero'dens, U. 
ex'edens = rodent ulcer. U. fistulo'sum = 
FISTULOUS ULCER. U. fungo'sum = FUNGOUS 
ULCER. U. granulo'sum, an ulcer covered with 
granulations. U. lenticula're, a flat lenticular 
ulcer of the mucous membrane. U. lupo'sum = 
LUPOID ULCER. U. mcrcuria'le = MERCURIAL UL¬ 
CER. U. pep'ticum, an intestinal ulcer (especially 
in the upper end of the small intestine) caused 
by the gastric juice and analogous to ulcer of the 


ULCUSCULE 


1043 


ULTIMATE 


stomach. U. per'forans, a perforating ulcer. U. 
phagedaen'icum corro'dens, a gangrenous phage¬ 
denic ulcer of the vaginal part of the uterus. U. 
puerpera'le, an ulcer due to puerperal fever, super¬ 
ficial but often wide*spread along the vulva and 
the vaginal and uterine mucous membrane. U. 
ro'dens = rodent ulcer. U. scorbu'ticum =- 
SCORBUTIC ULCER. U. sciofulo'sum, an ulcer due 
to scrofula, especially an open ulcer of the lym¬ 
phatics of the neck. U. serpigino'sum = ser¬ 
piginous ULCER. U. sim'plex, a chancroid. U. 
sinuo'sum, an ulcer with sinuous edges. U. in 
sum'mo, a superficial ulcer. U. syphilit'icum = 
SYPHILITIC ULCER. U. tuberculo'sum, an ulcer 
arising out of softened tuberculous infiltrations. 
U. typho'sum, a typhoid ulcer, especially of the 
mucous membranes of the larynx and intestines. 
U. varico'sum, an ulcer complicated with varix, 
especially in the thigh. U. ventric'uli per'forans 
(rotun'dum), a perforating ulcer of the stom¬ 
ach. [L.] 

ul-cus'cule. A small ulcer. [< L. ulcus'culum.] 
u'le. A cicatrix. [ < scar.] fu-le-gy'ri a, irreg¬ 
ularity in the cortical convolutions, caused by 
scar formation. u-le-ry-the'ma = lupus ery¬ 
thematosus. 

-ule. Diminutive termination. [< L. -ulus.] 
u-lem-or-rha'gi a. Ul^morrhagia. 
u-let'ic. Relating to the gums. [< ovTiov gum.] 
U'lex europae'us. Common furze or gorse, a prickly, 
leguminous shrub, native of Europe, from the 
seeds of which u-lex'ine, a diuretic and tonic 
alkaloid, CjjHj^NgO, is obtained. Dose. 0.0065 
Gm. (xV g^-)- Cytisine. 
u-li'tis. Inflammation of the gums. Aphthous u., 
ulitis combined with aphthae. Fungous u., ulitis 
in which the gums have a fungous appearance. 
Mercurial u., ulitis due to mercurialism. Scor¬ 
butic u., ulitis due to scurvy. Ulcerative u., 
ulitis with ulceration. [< ov 7 .ov gum.] 
ul'lem. A form of dyspepsia occurring in Lapland, 
ul'ma-rene. A proprietary mixture of salicylic 
acid ethers from aliphatic alcohols: used in rheu¬ 
matism, neuralgia, etc. 

Ulma'ria. j^Spir^a. 

ul'mic acid, ul'min. A black, gummy substance, 
CjoHi^Og, found in the excrescences of the elm 
and other trees, and in certain decaying vege¬ 
table matters, and made by heating sugar with 
sulphuric acid. [< L. ul'mus elm.] ful'mate, 
a salt of ulmic acid. 

Ul'mus*. I. A genus of ulmaceous trees of the 
U. S. and Europe. 2. The U. S. P. name for 
slippery elm, the dried bark of Ul'mus ful'va, de¬ 
prived of its periderm. U. campes'tris, a European 
elm, the bark of which has demulcent, tonic, as¬ 
tringent and diuretic properties. U. ful'va, slip¬ 
pery or red elm, a tree native in many of the 
Northern States: its bark is mucilaginous and a 
good demulcent. 

ul'na*. The larger and inner bone of the forearm. 

[L.] ful'nad, toward the ulna, 
ul'nar. Relating to the ulna. U. artery, the larger 
of the two divisions of the brachial artery, 
branching at the elbow; A. ulna'ris*. It runs 
along the inner side of the forearm to the palm 
of the hand, forming there the superficial palmar 
arch. Deep u. artery, a branch joining the ulnar 
artery with the deep palmar arch; ramus volaris 
profundus*. U. aspect, that aspect which looks 
in the same direction as the ulna. U. carpal 
artery, either of two arteries, an anterior (ramus 


carpeus volaris*) and a posterior (ramus carpeus 
dorsalis*), branches of the ulnar artery to the 
carpal region. U. collateral nerve == Krause’s 
ULNAR collateral NERVE. U. condyle, the in¬ 
ternal condyle of the humerus. U. digital arte¬ 
ries, the arteries of the ulnar border of the 
fingers. U. glands, lymphatic glands placed 
above the internal condyle of the humerus, in 
front of the elbow. U. groove, the groove be¬ 
tween the epitrochlea and trochlear surface of 
the humerus, which receives the ulnar nerve. U. 
nerve, a branch from the brachial plexus supply¬ 
ing the muscles of the forearm and hand; N. 
ulnaris*. U. recurrent arteries, small branches 
from the ulnar artery running up in front of 
and behind the humeral condyles to anastomose 
with branches of the brachial; arteriae recurrentes 
ulnares*. U. sign or phenomenon, onessided 
analgesia of the trunk of the ulnar nerve: usually 
absent in general paralytics and present in other 
insane patients. U. veins, two venous trunks, 
an anterior and a posterior (called Superficial u. 
veins), collecting the blood from the hand and 
ulnar border of the forearm and discharging it 
into the basilic vein. Common u. vein, an occa¬ 
sional vein formed by the union of the superficial 
ulnar veins. Deep u. veins, veins accompanying 
the ulnar artery. [< L. ulna'ris, fr. ulna*.] 
ul-na're. The cuneiform bone of the wrist. [L.] 
ul-na'ris. The name of two muscles of the fore¬ 
arm: an internal arising from the inner condyle 
of the humerus and inserted into the pisiform 
bone; M. flexor carpi ulnaris*, and an external 
arising from the outer condyle of the humerus 
and inserted into the little finger; M. extensor 
carpi ulnaris*. U. gra'cilis = palmaris longus. 
ul'nen. Relating to the ulna alone or in itself, 
ul'no-. Relating to the ulna: a combining form, 
[< L. ul'na.] ul-no-car'pal, both ulnar and car¬ 
pal, as U. ar^^r>’ = ULNAR carpal artery. — ul- 
no-ra'di al, both ulnar and radial, 
u'lo-. Relating to the gums: a combining form. 
[< ovlov gum.] u-loc'a-ce, ulceration of the 
gums. — u-lo-car-ci-no'ma, carcinoma affecting 
the gums. — u-lon'cus, tumor of the gums.— 
u-lor-rha'gi a, a hemorrhage from the gums.— 
u-lor-rhoe'a, oozing of blood from the gums, 
u'lo-. Denoting a scar; scardike: a combining 
form. [< ovki] scar. ] udo-der-mi'tis, inflamma¬ 
tion of the skin producing cicatrices.— u'loid. 
I. Resembling a scar; scardike, as U. cicatrix, a 
skin lesion looking like a scar, but caused by 
subcutaneous degeneration without the breaking 
of the skin. 2. A spurious or deceptive cicatrix. 
— u-lo'sis, the formation of a scar; cicatrization, 
tu-lot'ic. 

u-lot'ri-chous. Having woolly or kinky hair: op¬ 
posed to leiotrichous. [< ovAddpi^ woollyshaired.] 
fu-lot'ri-chus, a member of the ulotrichi, the 
races having woolly or kinky hair, 
ult. praes., ult. praesc. Abbr. for L. ul'timo (ultima) 
prcescrip'tus, the last ordered, 
ul'ti-mate. The last or farthest; extreme. U. 
analysis, the resolution of substances into their 
absolute or simple elements. Proximate analy¬ 
sis resolves them merely into secondary com¬ 
pounds. U. cause, cause previous to an immedi¬ 
ate cause. U. elements or principles, elements 
or principles found by ultimate analysis. U. 
phenomena, natural phenomena which we have 
no means of analyzing further, as the cohesion 
and elasticity of matter. [< L. ul'timus last,] 


ULTIMISTERNAL 


1044 


UNAVOIDABLE HEMORRHAGE 


ul‘ti-mi-ster'nal. Relating to the lowest segment 
of the sternum. 

urtimo (ul'tima) praescrip'tus. The last ordered; 
abbr. uli. press. [L.] 

ul'ti-mum mo'riens. i. The right auricle of the 
heart, the last part of the organism to cease con¬ 
tracting at death. 2. The upper portion of the 
trapezius muscle, generally not affected in pro¬ 
gressive muscular atrophy. [L., “ dying last.”] 
ul'tra-. Beyond; further; extremely or excessively: 
a combining form. [< L. ul'tra beyond.] ul- 
tra-bra-chy-ce-phal'ic, extremely brachycephalic; 
having a cerebral index of 90 or over, ful-tra- 
bra-chy-ce'phal-y. — ul-tra-dol-i-cho-ce-phal'ic, 
extremely dolichocephalic; having a cephalic in¬ 
dex of 64 or less, f^l-tra-dol-i-cho-ce'phal-y.— 
ul-tra=fil'ter, a filter of unglazed porcelain cov¬ 
ered with some colloidal substance, as gelatin. 

PasteursCh.\mberland filter. ful-tra-fil- 
tra'tion.— uhtra-gas'e ous, having the properties 
shown by gases under pressures of one mil¬ 
lionth of an atmosphere or less: matter in this 
condition is sometimes called radiant matter.— 
ul-tra-mi'crons, ultramicroscopic particles smaller 
than \i.i. Submicrons or hypomicrons are submi- 
croscopic particles which may be counted by the 
ultra«=apparatus; amicrons or amicroscopic parti¬ 
cles, those which may not be so counted. — 
ul-tra-mi'cro-scope. i. = ultraviolet micro¬ 
scope. 2. The dark=stage illuminator, ful-tra- 
mi-cros'eo-py.— • ul-tra-mi-cro-scop'ic. i. Relat¬ 
ing to the ultramicroscope. 2. Too small to be 
seen with an ordinary microscope. — ul-tra-quin'- 
ine, homoquinine. — ul-tra-red' = infra=red. 
— ul-tra-tox'on, a toxin of a low degree of avidity, 
ul-tra-vi'o-let rays, the invisible rays of the 
spectrum beyond the violet rays. U. micro¬ 
scope, a microscope which by means of ultra¬ 
violet rays takes photomicrographs of unstained 
particles with a diameter of 0.000001 millimetre, 
ul-tra-ma-rine'. A blue powder or pigment ob¬ 
tained from lapis lazuli, and highly prized for 
the beauty and permanence of its color. Almost 
all of that now used is made artificially from 
silica, alumina, and soda and is much le.ss expen¬ 
sive than the natural pigment; it is of a rich 
azure blue color. 

ul-tro-mo-tiv'i-ty. Ability to move spontaneously. 
Ultzmann’s test (ults'manz). A test for bilespig- 
ments: to 10 Cc. of urine 3 or 4 Cc. of potassium 
hydrate solution and an excess of hydrochloric 
acid are added, yielding an emerald green color 
if bile pigments are present, 
ul-u-la'tion. Crying or wailing of hysterical pa¬ 
tients. [< L. ulula're to howl.] 

-ulus, -ula, -ulum. Diminutive terminations, as in 

TUBULUS, SPICULA, ANIMALCULUM. [L.] 

Ul' va. A genus of Al'gae, comprising many species, 
mostly marine. U. lactu'ea is found on oyster* 
shells: used as an external remedy for headache, 
u-lyp'tol. A proprietary antiseptic containing sali¬ 
cylic acid, carbolic acid, and oil of eucalyptus. 
Umb. Abbr. for umbilicus*. 

um-bel'lic acid. i. A yellow, amorphous substance, 
C9 Hj, 04, formed by treating unbelliferone with 
potassium hydroxide. 2. = Anisic acid. 
um-bel-lif'er-one. A substance, CiiHgOg, obtained 
by the dry distillation of mezereum bark and of 
various gtim*resins, as asafetida and galbanum; 
oxycoumarin. 

Umbellula'ria califor'nica. The spiceAree of Cali¬ 
fornia: its leaves are used in diarrhoea, colic, and 


neuralgic headache, and its bark yields um-bel- 
lul'ic acid. Dose of fluidextract, 2 Cc. (30 mins.), 
um'ber. A brown clay iron*ore, composed chiefly 
of ferric oxide, manganese, silica, and water, and 
used as a pigment. [< Umbria, in Italy, whence 
it is said to have first come.] 
um-bil'i-cal. Pertaining to the umbilicus, Om- 
PHALO-. U. arteries, the arteries which accom¬ 
pany and form part of the umbilical cord; Aa. 
umbilicales*. U. cord, the cord connecting the 
placenta of the mother with the umbilicus of 
the child, and at the close of gestation princi¬ 
pally made up of the two umbilical arteries and 
the umbilical vein, encased in a mass of gelat¬ 
inous tissue, the gelatin of Wharton; funicu¬ 
lus umbilicalis*. U. duct = omphalomesenteric 
DUCT. U. fissure, the groove of the umbilical 
vein, situated between the large and small lobes, 
at the upper and fore part of the liver; incisura 
umbilicalis’^. In the foetus this 
groove contains the umbilical vein. 

U. fistula, a fistula which commu¬ 
nicates with the navel. U. hernia, 
hernia at or near the umbilicus. U. 
region, the portion of the abdomen 
two or three inches above, below, and 
on each side of the umbilicus ; regio 
umbilicalis*. ts- Abdomen. U. ring, 
a fibrous ring around the navel; 
annulus umbilicalis*. Through this Umbilical 
ring umbilical hernia occurs. U. sac Scissors. 
= U. VESICLE. U. scissors, scissors 
for cutting the umbilical cord. U. soufile, a hiss¬ 
ing sound occurring at the same time with the 
fetal souffle, and believed to have its origin in the 
umbilical cord. U. stalk = omphalomesenteric 
CANAL. U. vein, a vein which in the foetus collects 
the blood from the placenta and, passing through 
the umbilical cord, empties it into the ascending 
vena cava.;vena umbilicalis*. There are originally 
two umbilical veins, which later fuse into one. U. 
vesicle, that portion of the yolk=sac of the embryo 
which forms a pouch hanging from the umbilicus 
and communicating with the intestinal cavity by 
a duct. It is the organ of nutrition during early 
fetal life. U. vessels, the arteries and veins which 
accompany the umbilical cord, 
um-bil-i-ca'le hep'atis. = Round ligament, def. 3. 
um-bil-i-ca'tion. A navehlike depression or dimple. 

fum-bil'i-cate; umbil'i-ca-ted. 
um-bi-li'cus*. The navel; the pit in the centre of 
the abdomen left by the shrinking of the umbil¬ 
ical cord. Posterior u., a depression in the region 
of the spine caused by imperfect closure of the 
vertebral groove. [L.] fum-bi-lic'u-lar. 
um'bo. I. A prominence; the deepest part or apex 
of the arched membrane of the tympanum {umbo 
membrana tympani*), corresponding to the end of 
the handle of the malleus. 2. = Stigma, def. i. 
[L.] tum'bo-nal. um'bo-nate. um-bo-na'tion, 
the formation of a rounded prominence, 
um-bras'eo-py. = Rontgenoscopy. [< L. um'bra 
shade + crA:o7r£iv to view.] 

un-. A prefix denoting the negative. i®"A-; in-; 

NON ; UN-. 

u-na'da. A proprietary diuretic, tonic, and anti¬ 
rheumatic. 

un-ad-jus'ta-ble objective. A microscopical ob¬ 
jective the lenses of which are fixed, 
un-armed' tapeworm. = Taenia saginata. 
un-a-voi'da-ble hemorrhage. Hemorrhage caused 
by detachment in placenta prsevia, 










UNAZOTIZED 


1045 


UNGUENTINE 


un-az'o-tized. Deprived of nitrogen, 
un-branched' process. A term formerly applied to 
an axisscylinder process: many of these processes, 
however, are richly branched. 

Unca'ria gam'bir. ^ Gambir*. 
un'cate. Hooked; unciform. [< L. wn'cMs hook.] 
un'cia. An ounce, tun'cial. 
un'ci-form, un'ci-nate. Shaped like a hook. U. 
bone, the last bone of the second row of the 
carpus ; os hantatum*. U. convolution or gyrus, 
any one of the short insular convolutions. U. 
eminence, the hippocarhpus minor. U. fascicu¬ 
lus = fasciculus UNciFORMis. U. process, a 
plate of bone projecting from below the orbital 
plate of the ethmoid bone and closing the upper 
part of the maxillary antrum; processus uncina- 
tus*. Lesser u. process, a hook=like process similar 
to the above, projecting backward from the in¬ 
terior inferior angle of the orbit¬ 
al plate of the ethmoid, 
un-ci-for'me. The unciform bone, 
un'ci-nal. Uncinate; supplied with 
hooks. [< L. un'cus hook.] 

Uncina'ria. A genus of parasit¬ 
ic, intestinal nematode worms, 
the eggs of which escape with 
the faeces and develop rapidly 
in the presence of moisture. 
m- Ankylostoma. U. duode- 
naTis = Ankylostoma duode- 
nalis. U. america'na, a species 
peculiar to America: fcnmd by 
Stiles to be widely distributed 
in the Southern States, 2,000,000 
persons being affected with it. 

It causes hook=worm disease. 

Rockefeller, in 1909, appointed 
a special commission for the 
eradication of the hook-worm 
disease, contributing $1,000,000 
to cover the expenses therefor. 



Uncinaria. — a. 
Anus. e. Egg, 
X ISO. V. Va¬ 
gina. 


un-ci-na-ri'a-sis, un-ci-na-ri-o'sis. 

A diseased condition due to the 
presence of Uncina'rice, as hooks 
worm disease; ankylostomiasis. 
un'ci-nate. = Unciform. U. artery, i. One of 
the cortical branches of the posterior cerebral 
artery to the anterior part of the uncinate con¬ 
volution. 2. A branch of the posterior commu¬ 
nicating artery to the uncinate convolution. U. 
convolution or gyrus, a convolution running 
from the posterior extremity of the occipital 
lobe to the apex of the temporosphenoidal lobe 
and including the hippocampal and infracalcarine 
gyri. Its anterior end is like a hook. U. fascic¬ 
ulus = fasciculus UNCIFORMIS. U. fissure = 
COLLATERAL FISSURE. U. group of fits, seizures 
characterized by hallucinations of smell and taste 
and corresponding motor disturbance. (Hugh- 
lings Jackson.) U. process = unciform process. 
un-ci-na'tum. = Unciform bone. [L.] 
un-ci-pres'sufe. A method of arresting hemorrhage 
by compressing the artery with a hook, 
un-con'scious cerebration, Cerebration. U. 
pregnancy, pregnancy of which the woman is not 
aware, jun-con'sci-ous-ness. 
un-con-trol'la-ble. Not to be restrained, as the U. 
vomiting of pregnancy. 

un-crossed' fibres- Those fibres of the optic nerve 
which do not cross the median line, 
unc'tion. i. ^Inunction; ointment. 2. Mild 
mercurial ointment. 


unc'tu ous. Oily, greasy, or having a surface which 
feels greasy; adhesive, 
unc'ture. An unguent. 

un'cus. I. A hook. 2. The hook-shaped end of 
the uncinate gyrus; crochet. U. gy'ri fornica'ti, 
the hook^shaped end of the gyrus fornicatus, or 
uncinate gyrus. [L,] 

un-de-co'ic or un-de-cyl'ic acid. A colorless, crys¬ 
talline substance, CjjH2202. formed by heating 
undecylenic acid with hydriodic acid and amor¬ 
phous phosphorus. 

un-dec-y-len'ic acid. A white, crystalline sub¬ 
stance, CjjH2o 02, formed by distilling castor oil 
under lessened pressure; hendecensic acid, 
un'der-horn. The descending cornu of the lateral 
ventricle of the brain. 

un'der-jawed. Possessing a prominent lower jaw. 

fun'der-hung jaw. 

un'der-shrub. A shrubby plant, or low shrub, 
un'derstoe. A deformity of the foot in which the 
great toe lies under the others. 

Un'der-wood’s disease. = Sclerema neonatorum. 
un-de-scen'ded testicle. A testicle retained in the 
^ abdominal cavity, Cryptorchis. 
un-de-vel'oped pelvis. —Funnel-shaped pelvis. 
un-due' influence. In law, improper power exerted 
on another, as in the making of a will, 
un-du-la'tion. A formation of waves; a motion 
like that of waves; a fluctuation; a vibration. 
In physics, the advancement through a medium 
(solid, liquid, gas, or luminiferous ether) of a 
displacement or disturbance of it, the condition 
progressing or spreading while the elements of the 
medium itself merely move to and fro within a 
short distance of their position of equilibrium. 
The displacement may be transverse to the direc¬ 
tion of wavespropagation, as with light waves, in 
an elastic solid, but in a mobile liquid or gaseous 
medium can be only a longitudinal compression 
and expansion. [< L. undula'tio, fr. un'da wave.] 
fun'du-late, in bacteriology, having a border, 
waved with shallow sinuses, un'du-la-ting, as 
U. pulse, a pulse which feels like a series of waves, 
un'du-lant, characterized by wave-like fluctu¬ 
ations, as U. = Malta fever, un'du-la- 

to-ry, as U. theory, the theory (first proposed by 
Huyghens) of the undulatory character of light, 
in contradistinction to the corpuscular theory that 
it was an actual transfer of material particles, 
un-e'qual. Not equal: said of things not corre¬ 
sponding in size, form, or duration. U. pulse, a 
pulse in which the force of the beats varies. U. 
segmentation, segmentation of an ovum in which 
the segmentation-spheres of one pole are smaller 
and more numerous than those of the other pole, 
un'fit. A person unable to cope with the everyday 
world, as the feeble-minded, the epileptic, and 
the drug habitue. 

Ung. Abbr. for L. unguen'tum ointment, 
un'gual. Relating to the nails, or resembling a 
finger-nail. U. bone, the iUchrymal bone. U. 
matrix, the matrix of a nril. t®-N ail-bed. U. 
phalanx, the terminal pha.’anx or bone of the fin¬ 
gers and toes on which tVe nail grows. U. proc¬ 
ess, the distal end of a terminal phalanx, 
un-guard'ed. Hypersusceptible. Anaphylaxis. 
un'guent. An ointment or preparation usually oi 
the consistence of bi-tter; a salve; unguentum. 
[< L. un'guere to anJ^T^t.] fun'guen-ta-ry. 
un-guen'tine. A poprietary surgical dressing, 
containing alum, phenol, ichthyol, and petrola¬ 
tum. 


1 






UNGUENTUM 


104f) 


UNGUENTUM 


un-guen'tum*. i. An ointment or salve. 2. TheU. 
S. P. name for a mixture of 80 Gm. of benzoinated 
lard a^d 20 Gm. of white wax. Melt the wax, 
and add the lard and heat gently until liquefied, 
then stir the mixture constantly until cool. U. 
a^cidi bo'rici*, “ ointment of boric acid,” a mix¬ 
ture of 10% by weight of boric acid, 1% of 
paraffin, and 8% of white petrolatum. U. a'cidi 
carbol'ici, the 1890 U. S. P. name for U. phe- 
NOLis*. U. a'cidi tan'nici*, “ointment of tannic 
acid,” a preparation made of tannic acid, 20 Gm.; 
glycerin, 20 Gm.; and unguentum*, 60 Gm. 
This ointment is an excellent application in 
many cases of piles and prolapsus ani. It may 
be used also in flabby ulcers. U. aegypti'acum, a 
mixture of honey with copper acetate. U. anti- 
mo'nii tartara'ti, of the B. P., ^ antimonial 
OINTMENT. U. a'quae ro'sae*, “ointment of rose 
water,” or cold cream, an ointment made of sper¬ 
maceti, 125 Gm.; white wax, 120 Gm.; expressed 
oil of almond, 560 Cc.; stronger rose water, 190 
Cc.; and sodium borate, 5 Gm. When used as a 
vehicle for metallic salts, the sodium borate is 
omitted. This is a pleasant, cooling application 
to irritated and excoriated surfaces, and may be 
used with great advantage for chapped lips and 
hands. U. belladon'nae*, “ belladonna ointment,” 
an ointment made from 10 Gm. of extract of 
belladonna leaves, 5 Gm. of diluted alcohol, 20 
Gm. of hydrous wool=fat; and 65 Gm. of benzoin¬ 
ated lard. U. calami'nae, the N. F. name for cala- 
min ointment, prepared by mixing i part of pre¬ 
pared calamin with 5 parts of ointment; Turner’s 
cerate; unguentum zinci carbonatis (impuri). 
U. cam'phorae, the N. F. name for camphor oint¬ 
ment, prepared from 2 parts of camphor, i part 
of white wax, and 6 parts of lard. U. chrysarobi'- 
ni*, “ chrysarobin ointment,” a mixture of 6 Gm. 
of chrysarobin with 94 Gm. of benzoinated lard. 
It is used in psoriasis, ringworm, and other 
diseases of the skin, but leaves a permanent 
stain on linen. U. Cred6, a proprietary oint¬ 
ment containing 15% collargol: used in septic in¬ 
fection. inflammations, lymphangitis, etc. U. 
diach'ylon*, “diachylon ointment,” anointment 
containing 50 Gm. of lead, plaster, i Gm. of 
oil of lavender flowers, and 49 Gm. of olive oil ; 
Hebra’s ointment: used in eczema and other skin 
diseases. U. diapomphol'ygos, ointment of im¬ 
pure zinc oxide. U. fus'cum, the N. F. name for 
brown ointment prepared from 2 parts of 
camphorated brown plaster, r part of olive oil, 
and I part of suet; mother’s salve; unguentum 
matris. U. gal'lae*, “ nutgall ointment,” an oint¬ 
ment prepared from 20 Gm. of nutgall, and 80 
Gm. of ointment. This is used chiefly in piles and 
prolapsus ani. It may also be advantageously 
applied to flabby and indolent ulcers. U. hydrar'- 
gyri*, “ mercurial ointment,” a preparation made 
from 500 Gm. of'y mercury, 20 Gm. of oleate bf 
mercury, 230 Gm.'yf prepared suet, and 250 Gm. 
of benzoinated larfl, to make 1000 parts. This 
ointment (frequent!^ sold in a rancid condition), 
when rubbed on th^ surface of the body, pro¬ 
duces, in consequenceVf its absorption, the gen¬ 
eral effects of mercurjK It is resorted to, either 
alone or conjointly witl\the internal or hypoder¬ 
mic use of the medicineX It may also be advan¬ 
tageously employed as aVesolvent in local affec¬ 
tions, as in the case of venereal buboes and of 
chronic glandular swellingiy “ Blue ointment,” 
as this preparation was foriWly known, is now 


a weaker preparation, the U. hvdrargyri di- 
LUTUM*. U. hydrai'gyri ammonia'ti*, “ointment 
of ammoniated mercury,” a mixture of 10 Gm. 
of ammoniated mercury, 50 Gm. of white 
petrolatum, and 40 Gm. of hydrous wool*fat. 
It is used chiefly in cutaneous eruptions, such 
as herpes, porrigo, psora, etc. U. hydrar'gyri 
dilu'tum*, blue ointment, a mixture of 67% 
of mercurial ointment and 33% of petrola¬ 
tum. U. hydrar'gyri nitra'tis*, “ ointment of 
mercuric nitrate” or citrine ointment, an oint¬ 
ment made from 70 Gm. of mercury, 175 Gm. of 
nitric acid, and 760 Gm. of lard free from water. 
This ointment is much and advantageously em¬ 
ployed, as a stimulant and alterative application, 
in porrigo, crusta lactea, psoriasis, chronic ecze¬ 
ma, and various other ulcerative and eruptive 
affections. U. hydrar'gyri ox'idi fla'vi*, “ oint¬ 
ment of yellow mercuric oxide ” or Pagenstecher’s 
ointment, a mixture of 10 Gm. of yellow mercu¬ 
ric oxide, 10 Gm. of water, 40 Gm. of hydrous 
woobfat, and 40 Gm. petrolatum. This ointment 
is much employed in indolent and foul ulcers, 
psorophthalmia, and chronic conjunctival oph¬ 
thalmia. U. hydrar'gyri ox'idi ru'bri*, “oint¬ 
ment of red mercuric oxide,” a mixture of 10 
Gm. of red mercuric oxide,” 10 Gm. of water, 40 
Gm. of hydrous woobfat, and 40 Gm. of petrola¬ 
tum. This is a useful stimulating ointment, 
much employed in indolent and foul ulcers, por¬ 
rigo of the scalp, and psorophthalmia, but it is 
rapidly being supplanted by the ointment of yel¬ 
low mercuric oxide. U. io'di*, “ iodine ointment,” 
an ointment made from 4 Gm. of iodine, 4 Gm. 
of potassium iodide, 12 Gm. of glycerin, and 
80 Gm. of benzoinated lard. This is useful as a 
local application in goitre, scrofulous swellings of 
the glands, and other chronic tumefactions, in¬ 
ternal or external. U. iodofor'mi*, “iodoform 
ointment,” a mixture of 10 Gm. of iodoform, in 
very fine powder, with 90 Gm. of lard. U. ma'- 
tris = U. FUSCUM. U. nervi'num, compound 
ointment of rosemary. U. ophthal'micum, mild 
mercuric oxide ointment: used as a mild antiseptic 
ointment about the eyes. U. phe'nolis*, “ oint¬ 
ment of phenol,” the U. acidi carholici of the 
1890 U. S. P., made of 3 Gm. of phenol and 97 
Gm. of petrolatum: long continued use may pro¬ 
duce gangrene of the fingers. U. pi'cis compos'- 
itus, the N. F. name for compound tar ointment, 
containing in each ico parts 4 parts of oil of tar, 
2 parts of benzoin, and 2 parts of zinc oxide: 
antiseptic and antipruritic. U. pi'cis liq'uidae*, 
“tar ointment,” a mixture of 500 Gm. of tar 
with 150 Gm. of yellow wax and 350 Gm. of lard. 
This ointment is highly useful as a stimulant 
application in various scaly and scabby erup¬ 
tions, as lepra and psoriasis and tinea capitis. 
U. plum'bi carbona'tis, “ointment of lead carbo¬ 
nate,” the 1890 U. S. P. name for an ointment 
made from 10 Gm. of lead carbonate, in very 
fine powder, and 90 Gm. of benzoinated lard. 
This is used as a dressing to burns, blistered or 
excoriated surfaces, etc. U. plum'bi iod'idi, 
“ointment of lead iodide,” the 1890 U. S. P. name 
for a mixture of 10 Gm. of lead iodide, in very 
fine powder, with 90 Gm. of benzoinated lard. It 
has been used for the cure of obstinate ulcers 
and scrofulous tumors. U. potas'sii iod'idi*, 
“ointment of potassium iodide,” the U. S. P. 
name for an ointment made from to Gra. of po¬ 
tassium iodide, 0.6 Gm. of potassium carbonate, 







UNGUICULUS 


1047 


UNIT 


lo Gm. of water, and 8o Gm. of benzoinated lard. 
It should be freshly prepared and is used for the 
discussion of goitres, scrofulous tumors, and other 
indolent swellings. U. resor'cini compos'itum, 
the N. F. name for a soothing ointment contain¬ 
ing, to each loo parts, 6 parts each of resorcinol, 
zinc oxide, and bismuth subnitrate and 12 parts 
of oil of cade. U. scytodep'sicum, moist lead 
tannate. U. stramo'nii*, “ stramonium oint¬ 
ment,” an ointment made from 10 Gm. of extract 
of stramonium, 5 Cc. of diluted alcohol, 20 Gm. 
of hydrous woohfat, and 65 Gm. of benzoinated 
lard. This is a useful anodyne application in 
irritable ulcers, painful hemorrhoids, and certain 
cutaneous eruptions. U. sul'phuris*, “sulphur 
ointment,” a mixture of 150 Gm. of washed sul¬ 
phur with 850 Gm. of benzoinated lard. It is an 
excellent remedy for scabies, especially when bal¬ 
sam of tolu is added, U. sul'phuris compos'itum, 
the N. F. name for an ointment made from 10 
parts of precipitated calcium carbonate, 15 parts 
of sublimed sulphur, 15 parts of oil of cade, 30 
parts of green soap, and 30 parts of lard; Wil¬ 
kinson’s ointment; Hebra’s itch ointment. U. 
veratri'nas*, “ veratrine ointment,” an ointment 
made from 4 Gm. of veratrine, 6 Gm, of ex¬ 
pressed oil of almond, and 90 Gm. of benzoinated 
lard. U. zin'ci carbona'tus (impu'ri) =U. cala- 
MiN.,®. U. zin'ci ox'idi*, “ointment of zinc oxide,” 
an ointment made from 200 Gm. of zinc oxide and 
800 Gm. of benzoinated lard. This remedy has a 
wellsdeserved popular reputation in the treat¬ 
ment of many irritated conditions of the skin, 
either alone or combined with other remedies, 
U. zin'ci steara'tis*, “ ointment»of zinc stearate,” 
an ointment made from 50 Gm. of zinc stearate 
and 50 Gm. of white petrolatum. [L.] 
un-guic'u-lus. A young or little nail or claw, [L. 

dim. of un'guis nail or claw.] fun-guic'u-late. 
un'gui-form bone. The lachrymal bone. [< L. 

un'guis nail +for'ma shape.] 
un'guis*, pi. un'gues. i. The nail of a finger or toe. 
2. In surgery, a collection of pus in the eye. U. 
adun'cus, a curved or ingrowing nail. U. a'vis, 
“ bird’s claw,” the hippocampus minor. U. os, 
“ naihbone,” a small, very thin, and semi-trans¬ 
parent bone at the inner side of the orbit of the 
eye. [L., fr. bvv^.] fun'gui-nal. 
un'gu-la. An instrument for extracting a dead 
foetus. [L., “a claw.”] 

un-heal'thy inflammation. Inflammation which 
shows a tendency to disorganization. U. ulcer, 
an ulcer which does not progress toward cure, 
including such varieties as chronic or indolent, 
inflamed, sloughing, and fungous ulcers, 
u'ni-. A prefix denoting “ one ” or “single.” ly 
Mono-, multi-. [< L. u'nus one.] 
u-nisax'i al. Having one axis; growing or devel¬ 
oping in a straight line, 
u-ni-ba'sal. Having only one base, 
u-ni-cam'e-rate. Having only one chamber or 
cavity. [< L. u'nus one -f- cam'era chamber.] 
u-ni-cel'lu-lar. Composed of a single cell, 
u-ni-cen'tral. Having a single centre of growth, 
u'ni-cep-tor. An antitoxin or receptor having only 
one uniting radical, cs- Amboceptor. 
u'ni-cism. The doctrine that there is only one 
venerea] poison, which produces both the true 
chancre of syphilis and the chancroid; opposed 
to Dualism. [ < L. uni'cus single. ] fti'ni-cist. 
u'ni-corn root. = Aletris farinosa. U. uterus, 
a uterus which has only one horn. 


u-ni-cus'pid. i. Having only one cusp. 2. A 
tooth having only one cusp, 
u-ni-e'ri balsam. A balsam prepared from the 
juice of Humi'ria floribun'da oi Brazil: taenifuge 
and antirheumatic. 

u-ni-fi'lar. Having one thread or filament, 
u-nif'o-rate. Having one opening, 
u'ni-form. Alike in all parts or at all times, 
u-ni-glan'du-lar adenoma. Adenoma involving a 
^single gland, 

u-ni-grav'i-da. A woman pregnant for the first 
time, ts- MUwTigravida. 

u-ni-lam'i-nar, -lam'i-nate. Occurring in a single 
layer. 

u-ni-lat'e-ral. One-sided; relating to or affecting 
one side only. U. amblyopia, amblyopia limited 
to one side. U. anaesthesia = hemianesthe¬ 
sia. U. atrophy of the face, a disease marked by 
progressive wasting of one side of the face, 
usually without anaesthesia and with little paral¬ 
ysis of motion; facial atrophy; progressive facial 
atrophy; laminar aplasia. U. chorea, is- hemi- 
CHOREA. U. furring, furring of one side of the 
tongue: seen in conditions which restrict attrition 
of the tongue to one side, as in hemiplegia, 
absence of teeth on one side, etc. U. hermaph¬ 
roditism, hermaphroditism in which there are 
both a testicle and an ovary on one side, and 
only one organ, either testicle or ovary, on the 
other. U. myelitis, ts- myelitis. U. squint or 
strabismus, is- strabismus. U. sweating, sweat¬ 
ing on one side of the body, due to disease of 
the nervous system, especially of the sympa¬ 
thetic, [< L. u'nus one + la'tus side.] 
u-ni-lo'bar. Having only one lobe, 
u-ni-loc'u-lar. Having only one cell or • compart¬ 
ment, one-celled. Multilocular. U. cyst, 
a cyst with only one compartment; simple cyst, 
un-in-ter-rup'ted suture. = Glovers’ suture.' 
u-ni-nu'cle ar, u-ni-nu'cle ate. Having only one 
nucleus. 

u-ni-oc'u-lar. Having only one eye; monocular; 

relating to one eye. U. diplopia, i^ diplopia, 
u'ni on. The act of uniting, or the state of being 
united; combination; intimate connection. Dis¬ 
solved U., union of a fractured bone in which the 
callus is dissolved and absorbed. U. by first in¬ 
tention, U. by granulation, and U. by second 
intention, &- healing. Vicious u., union with 
deformity. [ < L. u'nus one.] 
u-nip'a-ra. A woman who has borne only one child. 

ly Multipara, fu-nip'a-rous. 
u-ni-po'lar. r. Having but one pole, as a nerve¬ 
cell. 2. Performed with one pole of an electric 
battery. U. application, a method of applying 
the electric current in which one electrode is 
placed on the selected spot and the other at a 
point so distant that the effects of the two poles 
cannot commingle. U. filaments, the star-like 
rays of achromatin extending from the poles of 
the nuclear spindle, or amphiaster, in karyoki- 
nesis: polar rays; cytaster. U. rete, ^ retb 

MiRABiLE. [<L. u'nus One + po'lus pole,] 
u-ni-sep'tate. Having only one septum, 
u-ni-sex'u al. Having only one sex. 
u'nit. I, One; the least wliole lurrbcr, a single 
thing regarded as a whole. The species is the 
unit in natural history. 2. A quantity taken as 
a standard by the repetition or division of which 
other quantities of the same nature are meas¬ 
ured. U. character, the characteristic of the 
hereditary properties to behave as though they 


UNITARY 


1048 


URAMIL 


were material bodies. &- Blending. U. of elec¬ 
tricity, ampere ; coulomb; farad; ohm; volt; 
and WATT. U. of heat, the quantity of heat re¬ 
quired to raise a kilogram of water one degree 
centigrade. Immunizing u. = antitoxic immu¬ 
nity UNIT. S. unit = ANTITOXIC IMMUNITY UNIT, 
u'ni-ta-ry. Relating to, or composed of, a unit; 
single. U. formula, an empirical formula, 
is- Chemical for.mula. U. monster, a monster 
consisting of a single individual, 
u-ni'ted vertebrae. = False vertebra. 
u'ni-ty. Oneness; state or property of being one; 

concord; harmony; agreement, 
u-niv'a-lent. Having the power of replacing, or of 
combining with, one hydrogen atom. tu-niv'- 
a-lence. 

u'ni-valve. Having only one valve, 
u-ni-ver'sal. Pertaining to, or affecting, all, or the 
whole ; pervading or operating in all parts of the 
universe. U. joint, a joint movable in any 
direction. U. leucopathy, albinism, 
un-named'bone. = Os innominatum. 

Un'na’s alcohol pencils. Pencils containing sodium 
stearate, 6 parts; glycerin, 2.5 parts; and alcohol 
to make 100 parts: used in impetiginous derma¬ 
toses. U.’s bandage, a bandage stiffened with 
gelatin. U.’s dermatosis = seborrhcea. U.’s 
paste, a paste made from i oz. of zinc oxide and 
2 ozs. each of mucilage of acacia and glycerin; 
applied with a brush to eczematous patches. 
[P. G. Unna, German dermatologist, 1850- .] 

un-nat'u-ral anus. = Prater-natural anus. U. 
offence, any perverted sexual act, as bestiality, 
masochism, masturbation, necrophilia, sad¬ 
ism, SODOMY, and tribadism. 
un-of-fi'ci al. Not recognized by the pharmaco¬ 
poeia: abbr. unof. 
un-of-fic'i-nal. Not officinal. 

Uno'na aethiop'ica or Habze'lia aethiop'ica. An ano- 
naceous shrub of Western Africa. Its dried fruit 
{Guinea or Ethiopian pepper) is used as a substi¬ 
tute for pepper. A fine purple dye is obtained 
from the fruit of Uno'na dis'color, a tree, a na¬ 
tive of India and China. 

un-or'gan-ized. Not organized: without organs. 

U. ferment, enzyme. U. virus, virus. 
un-o'ri-en-ta'tion. = Disorientation. 
un-po'lar-i-za-ble. Not permitting polarization. 

tun-po'lar-ized, not polarized, 
un-sat'u-ra-ted compound. A compound in which 
the combining capacities of all the constituents 
are not satisfied, and which is capable of com¬ 
bining with still other atoms. 

Un'schuld’s sign. The tendency to cramps in the 
calf of the leg; an early indication of diabetes, 
un-seg'men-ted coelom. = Splanchnoccele. 
un-sex'. To render sexless, as by castration, 
un-sound'. Defective, as U. food or U. mind. 
un-stain-a-bil'i-ty. Inability to take up stains: said 
of certain tissues. 

un-stri'a-ted, un-striped'. Not striped. U. muscle, 
muscular tissue. 

un-sus-tained'pulse. = Water-Hammer pulse. 
un-sym-met'ric kidney. A kidney normal in shape 
and position, but larger than its fellow, 
un-u-ni'ted fracture. A fracture which has not 
united in from two to three times the period that 
is commonly required for consolidation, 
un-vas'cu-lar. Not vascular; devoid of vessels. 
U. dentin, dentin composed of calcareous and 
gelatinous matter, without vessels other than 
nutrient tubes. 


un-well'. A popular term for menstruating, 
u'pas. A name given in Java to several deadly 
poisons the most remarkable of which are Upas 
tieuU and Bohun upas. 

The systematic name of the 
upasstree is Antia'ris toxica'- 
ria. U. tieut^, a poison, the 
product of Strych'nos iieu'ie, 
which owes its deadly power 
to strychnine. 

up'per. = Superior. U. gan¬ 
glion = jugular ganglion, 
def. 2. U. lateral cartilage, 

ly LATERAL CARTILAGES, 

TRIANGULAR CARTILAGE. U. 

parietal convolution = 

PARIETAL CONVOLUTION. U. 

pharyngeal artery, a small 
branch from the sphenopalatine artery to the 
upper pharynx. U. polar circle, the upper third 
of the cavity of the uterus. U. sacral notch, cv 

HIATUS SACRALIS*. 

up'si-loid. Shaped like the Greek letter upsilon (v). 
up'stroke. =Line of ascent. 
up'ward strabismus, ts- Strabismus. 

Ur. Abbr. for urine. 

u'ra-chus*. A fibrous canal or cord which extends 
from the bladder to the umbilicus. It is the re¬ 
mains of a part of the allantoic stalk in the 
fcetus connecting the bladder and the allantois 
and sometimes persists beyond fetal life. [< 
ovpax^q, fr. ovpov urine -f to have or con¬ 

tain; because it was formerly supposed that in 
the fcetus it was a passage for the urine.] Ju'ra- 
chal, as U. foid, the fold of peritoneum which 
encloses the urachus: and U. fossa, a small pocket 
in the peritoneum above Poupart’s ligament, 
caused by the urachal fold; internal inguinal fossa, 
u-ra-cer'ic, as U. artery, a branch of the superior 
vesical artery passing upward along the urachus, 
u-ra-cra'si a. i. A bad quality of the urine. 2. 
— Enuresis. {<^ ovpov + aKpaaia (i) bad mix¬ 
ture, (2) debility.] 
u-ra-cra'ti a. = Enuresis. 
u-raem'a-tin. =Uroh^matin. 
u-rae'mi a. The presence of urinary constituents 
in the blood, due to suppression of the urine, 
affecting chiefly the nervous system and also 
marked by headache, nausea, vertigo, eclampsia, 
and a peculiar odor of the skin. It may be 
acute or chronic. [< owpov urine-|-a///a blood.] 
Ju-rae'mic, as U. amaurosis, ts- amaurosis; U. 
asthma, a part symptom of uraemia: U. coma, 
coma due to uraemia: U. convulsions, uraemic 
eclampsia: U. dyspncea, dyspncea due to uraemia: 
U. eclampsia, eclampsia: and U. respiration 
= CHEYNEsSTOKES RESPIRATION, 
u'ra-gogue. i. Increasing or stimulating the secre¬ 
tion and flow of urine. 2. A medicine that in¬ 
creases the secretion of urine, a diuretic. 
u'ral, u'ra-lin, u-ra'li um. A crystalline substance, 
CjHgNO^Cl.,, formed by the combination of ure¬ 
thane and chloral hydrate; chloraburethane; it 
has hypnotic properties. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). 
u-ramd-dosa-ce'tic acid. = Hydantoic acid. 
u-ram'il. A white, crystalline substance, C^HgNgO,, 
formed in various ways, as by boiling alloxantin 
with a solution of ammonium chloride; dialuram- 
ide; murexan. When heated with cold dilute 
sulphuric acid, u-ra-mil'ic acid, or dialuramic 
acid, CgHgNgO^, a transparent, crystalline sub¬ 
stance, is formed. 



Upas. 










URAMINE 


1049 


UREIDE 


u-ram'ine. = Guanidine. 
u-ra-nal'y-sis. = Urinalysis. 
u'rane. Uranium oxide; used to produce a yellow 
fluorescence in glass 

u-ran'ic acid. A red substance, UOjHjO, formed 
by dissolving uranium in nitric acid and heating 
the hydrate which results; uranium trioxide. 

fu'ra-nate. 

u-ran i-dine. Any one of a group of yellow animal 
pigments. [^! Dl. ’o6.] 

u'ra-nine. A yellow powder; fluorescein=sodium; 
used as a test for death. Injection of a solution 
causes yellow discoloration of the mucosa within 
a few minutes if life is present; in case of death 
discoloration also takes place but only after an 
interval of at least an hour, 
u-ra-nis'co-. Relating to the palate; urano-; pal- 
.\TO-: a combining form. [< ovpav'iaKoq palate.] 
u-ra-nis-co-chas'ma, fissure of the palate; cleft 
palate. — u-ra-nis-co-ni'tis, inflammation of the 
palate.— u-ra-nis'co-plas-ty, the artificial forma¬ 
tion of a palate; uranoplasty.— u-ra-nis-cor-ra'- 
phi a, u-ra-nis-cor'rha-phy, suture of the palate. 

Staphylorrhaphy. 

u-ra-nis'cus. The roof of the mouth; the palate, 
u'ra-nism. Homosexual impulse, especially in the 
male, Homosexuality, fu'ra-nist. 
u-ra'ni um. A hard and heavy metal, which is 
somewhat malleable and resembles iron in color: 
sp. gr., i8.6; at. wt., 236.7; symb., U. cr Ele¬ 
ments, Table of. U. nitrate, a yellow, crystal¬ 
line substance, used as an astringent spray for 
the throat. U. trioxide = uranic acid. [From 
the planet U'ranus, discovered at about the same 
time as the metal.] 

u'ra-no-. Relating to the palate; uranisco-; pala- 
TO- ; a combining form. [ < ovpavoq palate.] 
u-ra-no-col-o-bo'sis, -col-o-bo'ma = cleft pal¬ 
ate. —u'ra-no-plas-ty == URANiscopLASTY. fu-ra- 
no-plas'tic. — u-ra-nos'chi-sis, u-ran'o-schism, 
fissure of the palate; cleft palate. — u'ra-no- 
staph'y-lo-plas-ty, uraniscoplasty extended so as 
to include the soft palate.— u'ra-no-staph-y-lor'- 
rha-phy = uraniscorrhaphy. — uTa-no-sto-ma- 
tos'co-py, examination of the palate or roof of 
the mouth. 

u-ra-no-ma'ni a. A form of exalted mania in which 
the patient believes he is a divine being, 
u'ra-nyl. = Uranium. 

u-rap-o-ste'ma. A tumefaction due to the escape of 
urine or an abscess containing urine, 
u-ra'ri. = Curare, fu-rar'ine = curarine. u'ra- 
rize = cuRARizE. 

u-ra-ro'ma. The peculiar spicy odor of the urine 
of gouty patients. [<,ovpov urine Tapw/za spice.] 
u-rar-thri'tis. Arthritis due to gout, 
u'rase. = Urease. 

u'ra-sin. An enzyme obtained from urea by the 
action of various bacteria, 
u'ra-sol. Acetylmethylene=disalicylic acid: used as 
a uric*acid solvent, diaphoretic, and antiseptic, 
u-ra-tas'mi a. The presence of urates in the blood, 
u'rate. A salt of uric acid. Urates are distin¬ 
guished as Biurates, Hyperacid urates or Quad- 
rurates, and Normal urates. U.stest, a test of 
turbid urine, made by heating the upper part of 
a teststube containing the urine, when, if the 
turbidity be due to urates, it will clear up. On 
adding potassium hydrate the urates will diS' 
solve. [<L. u'ras fr. ovpov urine.] fu-rat'ic, as 
U. diathesis, that condition which tends to the 
deposition of urates; gouty diathesis; and U. in¬ 


farct, an infarct of crystals of sodium biurate- 
u-ra-to-lyt'ic. Having the power to dissolve urates, 
u-ra-to'ma. A uratic deposit in the tissues of the 
body. 

u-ra-to'sis. The deposition of crystalline urates in 
the bodily tissues. 

u-ra-tu'ri a. The presence of an excessive amount 
of urates in the urine. 

ur*ban-i-za'tion. The tendency of people to live in 
cities, with the resulting influence upon health, 
ur'ce-i-form. Formed like a pitcher: applied to 
certain polypi. [< L. ur'ceus pitcher -f -form.] 
u'rea. A white, transparent, crystallizable solid, 
CON2H4, the principal solid constituent of urine; 
carbamide. It is produced by the decomposition 
of proteids, and carries off most of the nitroge¬ 
nous products of the body. Urea is found also in 
the blood, lymph, and liver. It has been used in 
tuberculosis, as a uric acid solvent, etc. U. en¬ 
zyme or ferment = urease. U. nitrate, white 
leaflets, C0(NH2)2.HN03. 



Heinz Modification 
OF Hufner Appa¬ 
ratus FOR Urea 
Determination. 
(Emerson.) 



Doremus’s Ureameter. 
(Da Costa.) 


u-re-am'e-ter. An instrument for ascertaining the 
amount of urea in the urine; ureometer. fu-re- 
am'e-try. 

u-re'ase. An enzyme existing in mucous urine 
passed during inflammation of the bladder, and 
capable of causing ammoniacal fermentation; 
urase; urea ferment. It is associated with vari¬ 
ous bacteria. 

u-rec'chy-sis, u-rech'y-sis. The effusion of urine 
into the cellular tissue. [ < ovpov urine + CKXvaiQ 
pouring out.] 

Urechi'tes suberec'ta. Savannah flower, an apocy- 
naceous plant of the West Indies, whose leaves 
are poisonous and used in medicine in intermit¬ 
tent and other fevers. Dose of fluid extract, 0.13 
to 0.65 Cc. (2 to 10 mins.). From it are obtained 
the poisonous glucosides u-re-chi'tin, C28H420g, 
and u-re-chi-tox'in, Ci^HgoOg. 

u-re-ci'din. A proprietary preparation of the ci¬ 
trate of lithia and lemonsjuice; used in gouty 
diathesis. 

u-re-de'ma. =Urcedema. 

u-re'do. An itching or burning sensation of the 
skin; nettle-rash. U. foetida, a form of rust due 
to a fungus attacking flour, f'l-red'i-nous. 

u're ide. A compound of urea with an acid radical. 


















UREINE 


1050 


URETHRiEMORRHAGIA 


u-re'ine. i. A yellow, oily mixture of nitrogenous 
extractives of the urine wrongly supposed by 
Moor to cause uraemia. 2. An alcoholic ferment: 
said to be the principal cause of ammoniacal fer¬ 
mentation of the urine, [T| A. M. j. ’04.] 
u-rel-co'sis. i. Ulceration of the urinary passages. 
2. Ulcer due to derangement of the urinary ap¬ 
paratus. [< ovpov urine -f- eil/vwcr/f ulceration.] 
u-re'mia. = Uraemia, fu-re'mic. 

Ure'na. A genus of malvaceous plants. U. loha'ta 
and U. sinua'ta are weeds or herbs having mu¬ 
cilaginous properties. They have been used me¬ 
dicinally. 

u-re'ni um. = U rea. 

u-re-om'e-ter. = Ureameter, tii"J‘®"Oni'e-try. 
UTe-or-rhoe'a. i. Excessive secretion of urine. 
2. = Diabetes. 

u-rer'y-thrin. = Uro^erythrin. 
u-re‘sisaes-the'sis. A frequent or constant desire 
to urinate. 

u-re'sin. A compound of citro=urotropin dilithate: 

used as a uric acid solvent, 
u-re'sis. Micturition, or the act of passing urine. 

[Gr., fr. ohpelv to void urine.] 

-uret. A terminal formerly denoting combination 
of simple inflammable bodies with one another, 
or with metals; as, sulphuret, carburet, etc. 

-IDE. [L, -ure'tum.] 

u'ret. The group CHgNO, by the substitution of 
which for one atom of hydrogen in ammonia 
urea is formed. 

u-re'ter*. The narrow, flattened, flbromuscular 
tube running from the hilum of the kidney to the 
bladder and conveying the urine. It has an aver¬ 
age length of 27 Cm. (roj ins.) and is divided into 



Transverse section of Ureter. — i. Inner longitudinal 
muscular bundles. 2. ^Mucous coat, thrown into longi¬ 
tudinal folds. 3. Epithelium. 4. Fibrous coat. 5. 
Outer longitudinal muscular bundles. 6. Circular 
muscular bundles. X 12.5, (Piersol.) 

an abdominal and a pelvic part. There are two 
ureters and sometimes either or both are doubled, 
usually uniting before entering the bladder, 
tu-re'tal. u-re'te-ral, as U. hcematuresis or hcema- 
turia, ts- h^maturesis. 
u-re-te-ral'gi a. Pain in the ureter, 
u-re-ter-cys'to-scope. = Ureterocystoscope. 
u-re-te-rec'to-my. Excision of a ureter, 
u-re-ter'ic. Pertaining to a ureter. U. arteries, 
the arteries supplying the ureters. The superior 
are branches of the renal, the middle are from 
the aorta or spermatic artery, and the inferior 
from the superior vesical or uterine arteries, U. 
calculus, a ureterolith. U. fold, the fold of peri¬ 
toneum covering over a ureter, 
u-re-te-ri'tis. Inflammation of the ureter, 
u-re'te-ro-. Relating to the ureter: a combining 
form. [< ureter.] u-re'te-ro-cer'vi-cal, 

relating to the ureter and the cervix uteri, as a 


U. fistula. — u-re-te-ro-cys'to-scope, an electrical 
CYSTOSCOPE with a catheter for insertion into the 
ureter within its grooved wall.— u-re'te-ro-cys- 
tos'to-my, u-re*te-ro-cys-to-ne-os'to-my, the op¬ 
eration of forming an artificial communication 
between the ureter and bladder.— u-re'te-ro-di- 
al'y-sis, rupture of the ureter.— u-re'te-roscn- 
te-ros'to-my, an operation performed for the 
purpose of opening the ureter into the intestine. 

— u-re'te-ro-lith, calculus in the ureter.— u-re*- 
te-ro-li-thi'a-sis, the formation of a calculus in 
the ureter.— u-re'te-ro-li-thot'o-my, the opera¬ 
tion of removing a calculus from the ureter by 
incision into it.— u-re-te-rol'y-sis. i. Paralysis 
of the ureter. 2. Rupture of the ureter.— u-re*- 
te-ro-ne-o-cys-tos'to-my = ureterocystostomy. 

— u-re'te-ro-ne-o-py-e-los'to-my, an operation 
for stricture in the ureter, made by excising the 
affected portion and inserting the upper end of 
the lower segment of the ureter into a new open¬ 
ing into the pelvis of the kidney.— u-re*te-ro-ne- 
phrec'to-my, extirpation of a kidney and its 
ureter.— u-re*te-ro-phleg'ma, the collection of 
mucus in the ureter.— u-re'te-ro-plas-ty, plastic 
surgery on the ureter.— u-reffe-ro-proc-tos'to- 
my, the operation of forming an artificial open¬ 
ing between the ureter and the anus.— u-reffe- 
ro-py-e-li'tis, inflammation of a ureter and the 
renal pelvis.— u-re'te-ro-pye-lo-ne-os'to-my, the 
formation of an ureteral orifice into the pelvis 
of the kidney in hydronephrosis or occlusion 
of the kidney.— u-re’te-ro-pye-lo-ne-phri'tis, in¬ 
flammation of the ureters and the pelvis of the 
kidney.— u-re*te-ro-py-o'sis, purulent inflamma¬ 
tion of the ureter.— u-reffe-ro-rec-tos'to-my, the 
operation of forming an artificial opening be¬ 
tween the ureter and the rectum.— u-re’te-ror- 
rha'gi a, hemorrhage from the ureter.— u-re-te- 
ror'rha-phy, suture of the ureter.— u-re*te-ro- 
steg-no'sis, -ste-no'ma, -ste-no'sis, constriction 
or stricture of the ureter.— u-re-te-ros'to-ma, 
a ureteral fistula.— u-reffe-ro-sto-mat'ic, relating 
to a ureteral opening.— u-re-te-ros'to-my, the 
formation of a ureteral fistula.— u-re-te-rot'o- 
my, surgical incision of the ureter.— u-re'te-ros 
u-re'te-ral, relating to both ureters, or to two 
portions of the same ureter, as U. anastomosis 
== URETEROsURETERosTOMY.— u-re'te-ro=u-re-te- 
ros'to-my, the formation of an artificial commu¬ 
nication between one ureter and another, or 
between the two portions of a divided ureter.— 
u-re*te-rosu'te-rine, relating to the ureter and 
the uterus.— u-reffe-ro-vag'i-nal, relating to the 
ureter and the vagina. 

u're-thane. i. =^thylis carbamas*. 2. Any 
ester of carbamic acid. 

u-re'thra*. The membranous canal forming a com¬ 
munication between the neck of the bladder and 
the external surface, passing in the male through 
the entire length of the penis, and consisting of 
a prostatic portion {pars prostatica*), one and a 
half inches long, into which the ejaculatory and 
prostatic ducts open, a membranous portion {pars 
memhranacea*), one^half to four*fifths of an inch 
long, and a spongy or penile portion {pars caver¬ 
nosa*), enclosed in the corpus spongiosum. The 
female urethra does not exceed two inches in 
length, and the passage is considerably larger 
and more dilatable than that of the male. [ < 
ovprjdpa fr. ovpelv to pass urine.] 

u-reth-raem-or-rha'gi a. Hemorrhage from the 
uterus. 


URETHRAL 


1051 


URIC ACID 


u-re'thral. Belonging to the urethra. U. artery, 
a branch of the internal pudic artery supplying 
the urethra; A. urethralis*. U. calculus, a calcu¬ 
lus occurring in the urethra. U. caruncle, a 
small excrescence in the urethra, particularly a 
painful one at the orifice of the female urethra. 
U. chancre, a chancre situated within the lips of 
the urethra. U. crest = caput gallinaginis. 
U. crisis, a sudden and severe seizure of pain in 
the urethra. (^Visceral crisis. U. cryptitis, 
phlegmasia of the mucous follicles of the urethra. 
U. fever, fever caused by some surgical operation 
on the urethra, especially the passing of a 
catheter. U. fistula, a fistulous opening into the 
urethra. U. forceps, a forceps designed especially 
for operations on the urethra. U. gland, Lit- 
tre’s gland; Skene’s gland. U. haematuria, 
H^MATUREsis. U. Uthotomy, incision into the 
urethra and the removal of a calculus from it. 
U. plug, a tube containing a removable plug, 
used for dilating the urethra, and, after with¬ 
drawal of the inner plug, as an endoscope. U. 
rheumatism, gonorrhoeal rheumatism. U. shock, 
a state of collapse sometimes caused by an opera¬ 
tion on the urethra. U. sound, an elongated, con¬ 
ical instrument for dilating and examining the 
urethra. U. stricture, stricture of the urethra. 
U. synovitis, gonorrhoeal rheumatism. U. tri¬ 
angle, the anterior triangle of the perineum, that 
portion of the perineum in front of an imaginary 
line joining the two ischial tuberosities, 
u-re-thral'gi a. Pain in the urethra, 
u-re-thram'e-ter. An instrument for measuring 
urethral calibre or distensibility; urethrometer. 
u-re'thra-scope. = Urethroscope. 
u-reth-ra-tre'si a. An imperforate condition of the 
urethra. 

u-re-threc'to-my. Surgical removal of the urethra, 
u-reth-rem-phrax'is. Obstruction of the urethra; 
urethrophraxis. 

u-reth-reu-ryn'ter. An instrument or bougie for 
dilating the urethra. 

u-reth-ri-pres'sor. The compressor urethrae, 
u're-thrism, u-re-thris'mus. Urethral irritability, 
u-re-thri'tis. Inflammation in the urethra. It is 
marked by ardor urinae, pain, and a mucopuru¬ 
lent discharge. It may be simple inflammation 
{Simple, Non^speci-fic, or Catarrhal u.), or due to 
gonorrhoeal poison {Specific or Gonorrhoeal u.). 
Anterior u., inflammation of the urethra in front 
of the anterior layer of the triangular ligament. 
U. petrif'icans, a variety in which calcareous 
matter forms within the urethral wall. Poste¬ 
rior U., inflammation of the prostate and mem¬ 
branous part of the urethra. U. vene'rea, gon¬ 
orrhoea. [<L. ure'thra.] fu-re-thrit'ic. 
u-re*thri-t05or-chi'tis. Gonorrhoea and orchitis, 
u-re’thri-to-syph'i-lis. Gonorrhoea and syphilis, 
u-re'thro-. Relating to the urethra: a combining 
forin. [<^ovp 7 / 6 pa urethra.] u-re-thro-bul'bar, 
relating to the urethra and the bulb of the corpus 
spongio.sum, as U. artery, the artery of the bulb; 
the transverse perineal artery.— u-re-thro-ca- 
tarrh', catarrh of the urethra.— u-re'thro-cele, a 
thickening of the cellular tissue which surrounds 
the female urethra.— u-reflhro-cys-ti'tis, com¬ 
bined urethritis and cystitis.— u-re'thro-graph, 
an instrument for detecting and indicating on a re¬ 
corder the situation and degree of variations in the 
calibre of the urethra.— u-re'thro-haem-or-rha'- 
gi a, hemorrhage from the urethra.— u-re-throm - 
e-ter = urethrameter. — u-re-thro-pe'nile, relat¬ 


ing to the urethra and the penis.— u-re'thro-per-i- 
ne'al, relating to the urethra and the perineum.— 
u-re'thro-per-i-ne‘o-scro'tal, relating to the ure¬ 
thra, perineum, and scrotum.— u-re-thro-phrax'- 
is, obstruction of the urethra.— u-re-thro-phy'- 
ma, a tumor or swelling of the urethra.— u-re'- 
thro-plas-ty, an operation by which a new urethra 
is formed in the male: applicable to the repair of 
any lesion of the urethra by supplying the defi¬ 
ciency from the healthy parts, fti-re-thro-plas'tic. 
—u-re-thro-rec'tal, relating to the urethra and the 
rectum.— u-re-thror-rha'gi a, a sudden discharge 
of blood from the urethra.— u-re-thror'rha-phy, 
suture of the urethra.— u-re-thror-rhce'a, a flow, 
as of mucus, pus, semen, etc., from the urethra. 
— u-re-thros'co-py, examination of the interior 
of the urethra by means of an especially designed 
instrument, known as a u-re'thro-scope. fu-re- 
thro-scop'ic. — u-re'thro-spasm, spasm of the 
muscles of the urethra, resulting in temporary 
stricture.— u-re'thro-ste-no'sis, stricture of the 
urethra, which may be spasmodic or may be the 
result of an organic lesion.— u-re-thros'to-my, 
the surgical formation of a permaneat opening 
into the membranous urethra through the peri¬ 
neum.— u-re-throt'o-my, division of the urethra 
by a cutting instrument (u-re'thro-tome) , for the 
cure of urethral stricture ,or the removal of for¬ 
eign bodies. It may be external, performed by 
external section, or internal, by an instrument 
inserted into the urethra. Cock’s external u., 
opening of the urethra at the apex of the pros¬ 
tate without a guide. Syme’s external u., in¬ 
cision of the urethra through the perineum upon 
a grooved staff passed through the stricture. 
Wheelhouse’s external u., urethrotomy in which 
the incision is made upon the end of a staff in¬ 
troduced as far as the stricture, the staff being 
then made to protrude through the wound and 
turned so as to hold the urethra forward and ex¬ 
pose the face of the stricture.— u-re‘throsu-re'te- 
ral, relating to the urethra and the ureter.— 
u-re-thro=vag'i-nal, relating to the urethra and 
the vagina. — u-re-thro-ves'i-cal, relating to the 
urethra and the bladder, 
u-ret'ic. i. Relating to the urine. 2. Diuretic, 
u-ret'i-ca. Medicines which promote a discharge of 
urine. [Ciovpov urine.] 

Urgin'ea marit'ima. One 
of the systematic names 
of squill. i^*SciLLA. U. 
scil'la, a systematic 
name of the plant which 
produces squill, 
ur'go-san. A proprietary 
preparation marketed in 
gelatin capsules, each 
containing 0.3 Gm. gon- 
osan and 0.15 Gm. hexa- 
methylenamine: used in 
cystitis, gonorrhoea, etc. 

Dose, 2 capsules, 
ur-hi-dro'sis. = Uridro¬ 
sis. 

-uria. A suffix implying an abnormal or diseased 
condition of the urine or of urination, as albu¬ 
minuria AND POLYURIA. [< OVpOU.] 
u'rian. = Urochrome. 

u'ric acid. A crystalline substance, CgH^N^O^, ob¬ 
tained from urine; lithic acid. It crystallizes in 
rhomboidal tablets, which are white (yellow, from 
the urine), transparent, insoluble in alcohol and in 




URICACID-®MIA 


1052 


URINE 


ether, but soluble in 1700 parts of boiling water. 
It forms the principal portion of certain urinary- 
calculi. U. acid diathesis = GOUTY diathesis. 
U. acid group of leucomaines, a group of leuco- 
maines related in structure to uric acid, and in¬ 
cluding adenine, carnine, gerontine, guanine, hete¬ 
roxanthine, hypoxanthine, paroxanthine, pseudo¬ 
xanthine, spermine, and xanthine, tsr Pur in. 
u-ri-cac-i-dae'mi a. The presence or accumulation 
of uric acid in the blood. 

u-ri-cac-i-du'ri a. The presence of an abnormal 
amount of uric acid in the urine, 
u-ri-cae'mi a, u-ri-ce'mi a. The presence of uric 
acid in the blood; lithaemia. 
u'ri-case. A specific enzyme of mammals (except 
man) which oxidizes uric acid into the more 
soluble ALLANTOIN. 

u-ri-ce'din. A proprietary preparation containing 
sodium chlorate, sodium sulphate, sodium citrate, 
and sodium tartrate: used in gouty diathesis, 
u-ri-com'e-ter. An apparatus devised by Ruhe- 
mann for estimating uric acid by measuring the 
amount of urine required to decompose a given 
quantity of iodine solution. [^ /. A. M. A. ij. ’09.] 
u-ri-ce'mi a. = Uric^mia. 

u-ri-coTy-sis. J. A. M. A. j. ’07.] tti-ri-co-lyt'ic. 
u-ri-com'e-ter. An apparatus for the quantitative 
measurement of uric acid in the urine, 
u'ric-sol. A proprietary solvent of uric acid, 
u-ri-dro'sis. The excretion of urinous sweat, as in 
uraemia; sudor urinosus. U. crystalli'na, sweat¬ 
ing of uric acid which becomes crystallized on 
the skin in the form of a white powder. [< 
ovfjov urine'+Wpwf sweat.] 
u'ri-form. A compound elixir of hexamethylene¬ 
tetramine, santal, and saw palmetto, 
u-ri'na. = Urine. U. chy'li or ci'bi, “urine of 
food,” the urine secreted after a full meal. U. 
galacto'des, urine of a milky color. U. hyster'ica, 
“ hysterical urine,” urine passed after an attack 
of hysteria. It is watery and of a pale color. 
U. jumento'sa, an opaque, cloudy urine like that 
of the horse. U. po'tus, “ urine of drink,” urine 
secreted after copious drinking. U. san'guinis, 
“ urine of the blood,” urine passed after a night’s 
rest, and so not influenced by food or drink, 
U. spas'tica = U. hysterica. [L.] 
u-ri-nac-cel-e-ra'tor. The accelerator urinae muscle, 
u-ri-nae'mi a. = Uremia. 

u-ri'nae suppres'sio. Suppression of the urine. [L.] 
u'ri-nal.' A vessel to receive urine. [L., fr. uri'^ta.] 
u-ri-nal'y-sis, u-ra-nal'y-sis. Chemical analysis of the 
urine, fti'ri-na-list, one who makes such analyses, 
u'ri-na-ry. Relating to the urine. U. apparatus, 
the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra con¬ 
sidered as a whole. U. bladder, a membranous 
bag immediately behind the symphysis pubis, of 
a flattened, triangular form when contracted, of 
an oval figure when distended, composed of four 
coats, the peritoneal, muscular, cellular, and mu¬ 
cous, the serous being but partial; vesica urina¬ 
ria*. Bladder. U. calculus, a variety of cal¬ 
culus, commonly called “stone,” or “gravel,” 
varying in composition according to the diathesis 
of the patient. Sometimes urinary calculi are of 
a reddish or brick color, consisting usually of am¬ 
monium lithate or of crystals of lithic and uric 
acid. At other times they are white, or whitish, 
and consist for the most part of magnesium and 
ammonium phosphates, occasionally mixed with 
calcium phosphate. Ammonium urate and cal¬ 
cium oxalate sometimes occur in a crystalline 


form. U. canal, a urinary passage of the embryo. 
U. cast = RENAL CAST. U. deposit. Solid matter, 
whether undissolved or dissolved, secreted in the 
urine. Some of the chief urinary deposits or 
sediments are blood, which appears as a red 
deposit in disease of the bladder, kidneys, or 
urethra; a whitish deposit of calcium carbonate, 
of no special significance; a cloudy, whitish 
deposit of calcium oxalate, seen in oxaluria and 
lithaemia, and also caused by vegetable diet; a 
whitish or yellowish deposit of calcium phosphate, 
seen in phosphaturia and dyspepsia; cholesterin 
crystals, in cases of cystitis and pyelitis; a white 
or yellowish deposit of cystin; whitish crystals of 
hippuric acid, seen in diabetes and after vege¬ 
table diet; a blue deposit of indigo, seen in de¬ 
composing urine; leucine and tyrosine, in acute 
yellow atrophy of the liver; crystals of magnesi¬ 
um phosphate, which have no particular signifi¬ 
cance; mucin, which appears as a cloudy turbid¬ 
ity or as a gluey deposit in inflammation of the 
genito=urinary tract; a white deposit of crystals 
of triple phosphate, seen in cystitis, dyspepsia, 
and alkaline fermentation; a thick deposit of pus, 
in cystitis, pyelitis, etc.; a bricksdust deposit of 
urates, seen in fever, lithaemia, and rheumatism; 
small grains of uric acid, resembling cayenne pep¬ 
per, in rheumatism and lithaemia; very rarely 
xanthine crystals. U. fermentation = ammoni- 
ACAL FERMENTATION. U. fever, fevcr sometimes 
following operations upon the urinary apparatus. 
U. fistula, fistula of some one of the urinary pas¬ 
sages, generally communicating with the surface 
of the body but sometimes opening into the 
uterus or the vagina. U. intestine = urogaster. 
U. leucophlegmasia, anasarca due to suppression 
of the urine. U. meatus, the distal orifice of the 
urethra; external u. meatus. Internal u. meatus, 
the internal opening of the urethra. U. organs, 
the organs concerned in secreting the urine and 
in carrying it off from the system. U. reflex = 
VESICAL REFLEX. U. Sediment = U. DEPOSIT. U. 
tubule, URiNiFERous TUBULES. U. vesiclc, the 
allantois. 

u-ri-na-se'rum. A precipitinscontaining serum 
formed by immunizing an animal with albumi¬ 
nous urine. 

u-ri-na'tion. The act of passing urine. Precipitant 
u., urination in which the desire comes on very 
suddenly and powerfully. Stuttering u., inter¬ 
mittent urination due to spasm of the bladder. 
[ < L. urina'tio, fr. uri'na urine.] f^^ri-nate, to 
pass urine, u'ri-na-tive, diuretic. 

u'rine. The saline secretion of the kidneys which 
flows from them through the ureters into the 
urinary bladder. Urine, in health, has an amber 
color, a slight acid reaction, a peculiar odor, and 
a bitter saline taste. The average quantity 
secreted in 24 hours in a man in health is about 
three pints, or from 1000 to 2000 Gm. Specific 
gravity, about 1.024, varying from 1.005 1-030. 

The urine excreted in the morning has a different 
composition from that passed in the evening. 
One thousand parts of healthy urine contain 
about 960 parts of water and 40 parts of solid 
matter, which consists chiefly of urea, 23 parts; 
sodium chloride, ii parts; phosphoric acid, 2j^j 
parts; sulphuric acid, parts; uric acid, 
part; also hippuric acid, leucomaines, urobilin, 
and certain organic salts, Purin. For ab¬ 
normal constituents of the urine see urinary 
deposits; H^MATURESis; peptonuria; phospha- 




URINEMIA 


1053 


URO- 


TURiA, etc. Some other abnormal conditions of 
the urine are Anemic, Black, Chylous, Dia¬ 
betic, Dyspeptic, Gouty, Mucilaginous, and 
Residual. Difficult discharge of u. =dysuria. 
Incontinence of u.= enuresis. U. indigo = 
UROGLAuciN. Retention of u. = ISCHURIA. Sup¬ 
pression of u. = ANURIA. [ <C L. uri'na.^ 
u-ri-ne'mi a. = U r^e m i a. 

u-rine=mu'coid. A substance resembling mucin 
found in the urine. 

u-ri-nettes'. Public urinals for women in large 
cities. 

u-ri-ni-dro'sis. = Uridrosis. 
u-ri-nif'e-rous. Bearing, or conveying, urine. U. 
tubules, the minute canals, composed of base¬ 
ment membrane lined with epithelium, which 
form the substance of the kidneys. They begin 
in the cortex of the kidney as the fnalpighian 
corpuscles; continuing, they extend as tortuous 
canals {first or proximal convoluted tubules), then 
as spirals {spiral tubules of Schachowa) in the 
cortex, then down into the medulla and back 
again, forming the descending and ascending 
limbs of Henle’s loop, then as zigzag tubes in the 
cortex {irregular or zigzag tubules), then in coils 
{secondary or distal convoluted tubules), then join¬ 
ing by curved tubules {conjunctional tubules) with 
other curved tubules to form in the medulla the 
straight tubes {straight or collecting tubes), which 
join other straight tubes to form the discharging 
tubes or ducts of Bellini, which open on papillae in 
the calices of the pelvis of the kidney, 
u-ri-nif'ic. Producing or secreting urine, 
u-ri-nip'a-rous. Producing urine. U. tubules, the 
uriniferous tubules of the cortical part of the 
kidney. [< L. uri'na nrine -f to produce.] 

u'ri-no-. Relating to urine; URO-: a combining 
form. [< L. Mrf'wa urine.] UTi-no-cry-os'co-py, 
cryoscopy applied to the urine.— u*ri-no-gen'i- 
tal = UROGENITAL, as U. siuus, the ventral por¬ 
tion of the embryonic cloaca which becomes 
separated by the formation of the perineum and 
into which the urinary bladder and wolffian ducts 
open. — UTi-no-glu'co-som'e-ter, an instrument 
for ascertaining the amount of glucose in the 
urine. — u-ri-nol'o-gy = urology, fu-ri-nol'o- 
gist. — u-ri-no'ma, a urinous cyst.— u-ri-nom'e- 
ter, an araeometer or hydrometer for ascertaining 
the specific gravity of urine. fuTi-no-met'ric; 
u-ri-nom'e-try. — u-ri-nos'co-py = uroscopy, 
fuTi-no-scop'ic. — uTi-no-sex'u al, relating to 
both the urinary and sexual apparatus.— u'ri- 
nous, -nose, relating to urine, or like urine, as 
U. abscess, an abscess which contains urine, and 
U. infiltration, deposit of urine in the substance 
of a tissue.— UTi-no-vag'i-nal, relating to the 
urinary apparatus and the vagina, 
u-ri-sep'tin. A proprietary, genito^urinary anti¬ 
septic and diuretic solution, containing lithium 
methaminate and formaldehyde, 
u-ri-sol'vin. A proprietary uric acid solvent, con¬ 
taining acid lithium citrate and urea, 
u-ri'tis. Inflammation caused by a bum. [< L. 
u'rere to burn.] 

u'ri-tone. = Hexamethylenamina* 
urn'ism. = Uranism. [Ger.] furn'ing = uranist. 
u'ro-. Relating to urine or to uric acid; urino-: 
a combining form. [ < ovpov urine.] UTosac-i- 
dim'e-ter, an instrument for determining the 
acidity of urine.— uTosam-mo^ni ac calculus, a 
calculus composed of uric acid and ammonium. 
— UTOsaz-o-tom'e-ter, an instrument for deter¬ 


mining the quantity of nitrogen in urine.— uto- 
ba-cil'lus, a bacillus occurring in decomposed 
urine, as U. duclaux'i, a species found in sewage 
and contaminated river water: U. freudenreich'i, a 
species found in sewage, dust, and air; U. liquefa'- 
ciens sep'ticus, a species resembling Bacil'lus sep'- 
ticus ve'sicce, but it does not liquefy gelatin and 
produce spores: U. maddox'i, a species found in 
sewage and contaminated water: U. pasteu'ri, a 
species found in decomposing urine: and U. 
schuizenber'gi, a species found in sewage and 
river water. — u‘ro-ben-zo'ic acid = hippuric 
ACID. — u-ro-bil'in, a coloring matter, 
occurring normally {Normal u.) in the urine in 
small quantities, almost always as a chromogen, 
but occurring in larger amounts in the deep® 
colored urine of fevers {Febrile u.). It is a deriv¬ 
ative of haemoglobin. U. jaundice = urobilin- 
icterus. Pathologic u., the abnormally deep 
coloring matter of the dark urine seen in certain 
diseases. U. test, a test for urobilin in the urine, 
made by alkalinizing with ammonia, adding eight 
or ten drops of a ten per cent, solution of zinc 
chloride, and filtering, when the filtrate will ap¬ 
pear green by reflected, red by transmitted, light. 

— UTo-bil-i-nae'mi a, the presence of urobilin in 
the blood.— UTo-bil-in-ic'te-rus, a form of jaun¬ 
dice due to the presence of urobilin in the blood. 

— UTo-bi-lin'o-gen, a chromogen whose decom¬ 
position produces urobilin.— UTO-bil-i-noi'den, a 
pigment resembling urobilin found in the urine in 
certain pathological conditions.— uTo-bil-i-nu'- 
ri a, the presence of a large quantity of urobilin 
in the urine.— uTo-bro-mo-haem'a-tin, a coloring 
matter found in the urine of those affected with 
leprosy: closely allied to the coloring matter of 
the blood.— UTo-ca-nin'ic or u-ro-can'ic acid, 
a crystalline substance, Ci2Hj2N.,04, sometimes 
found in the urine of dogs, forming when fused 
the compound u-ro-can'ine, CjjHjqN^O.— u'ro- 
cele, urinous oedema of the scrotum.— u-ro-ce'li a 
= uroccelia. — u-roch'e-ras, the sand, or sedi¬ 
ment, of the urine.— u-ro-che'si a, the discharge 
of urine through the anus.— uTo-chrome, the 
principal coloring matter of the urine. It is 
yellow, amorphous, and soluble in water.— u-ro- 
clep'si a, involuntary passing of urine.— u-ro- 
coe'li a, a distended condition of the abdomen 
caused by infiltration of urine.— u-ro-cri'si a, 
diagnosis of disease by means of the urine.— 
u-roc'ri-sis, a change in the course of a disease 
coming on with a copious discharge of urine.— 
UTO-cri-te'ri on, the indication resulting from 
inspection of the urine which determines the 
diagnosis.— u-ro-cy'a-nin = UROGLAUCiN. — u-ro- 
cy-an'o-gen, u-ro-cy'a-nose, blue pigment of the 
urine sometimes deposited as a sediment. — 
UTO-cy-a-no'sis, blue coloration of urine due to 
the presence of indican.— u'ro-cyst, u-ro-cys'tis, 
the urinary bladder, fu-ro-cys'tic. — UTo-cys- 
ti'tis, inflammation of the urinary bladder.— 
UTo-di-al'y-sis, a cessation of the secretion of the 
urine, as U. neonato'rum, delayed secretion of 
urine in new shorn infants.— UTO-do-chi'um = 
URINAL. — u-ro-drym'i-tes, an acid condition of the 
urine.— u-ro-dyn'i a, pain during the passing of 
urine.— u-roe-de'ma, urinous swelling.— u-roser'- 
y-thrin, a coloring matter giving a red color to 
the urine in rheumatic fever (u-ro=er'y-thri-nu'- 
ri a) ; deposited as a darksred precipitate.— 
u*ro-fus-co-h£em'a-tin, a reddish-brown coloring 
matter seen in the urine in certain diseased con- 


URO- 


1054 


URSONE 


ditions.— u-ro-gas'ter, the urinary passages of the 
embryo which are developed from the cavity of 
the allantois ; the urinary intestine, Pepto- 
GASTER. fu-ro-gas'tric. — u-ro-ge-net'ic, arising 
in the urinary passages, as U. inflammation. 

— u-ro-gen'i-tal, pertaining to the urinary and 
genital apparatus, as U. canal, the urethra: 
U. cord, the embryonic corddike structure 
formed by the combined lower ends of the 
mtillerian and wolffian ducts: U. ducts, the 
duct of the wolffian body and the duct of 
Muller in the embryo: U. oriflce, the common 
orifice of the urinary and genital ducts of the 
embryo: U. ridges, the ridges formed by the 
uniting of the wolffian and genital ridges: U. 
sinus, a cavity in the embryo representing the 
ventral part of the cloaca, into which the uro¬ 
genital organs open: U. tract, the genitosurinary 
apparatus: and U. tuberculosis, tuberculosis of 
the urinary and genital tracts.— u-rog'e-nous, 
producing urine.— u-ro-glau'cin, a bluish pigment 
occurring in the urine, as in scarlatina.— u-ro- 
gly-co'sis = DIABETES MELLiTUS. — u-Fo'go-san, a 
proprietary urinary antiseptic and antigonor- 
rhoeic, containing 66.6% of gonosan and 33-3% 
of hexamethylenamine.— UTo-gra-vim'e-ter = 
URiNOMETER. — u-ro-haem'a-tin, the hagmatin or 
coloring matter of the urine.— UTo-haem-a-to- 
por'phy-rin, haematoporphyrin derived from the 
urine.— u'rol, quinate of urea: used as a diuretic 
and in gout.— u-ro-leu'cic acid, a crystalline sub¬ 
stance, CqHjqOj, occurring in the urine in al¬ 
kaptonuria.— uTo-leu-cin'ic acid, trioxyphenyl- 
propionic acid found in the urine.— UTo-leu-cor- 
rhoe'a, the presence of white mucous matter in 
the urine.— u'ro-lith, -lite, a urinary calculus. 
UTo-li-thi'a-sis = LiTHiAsis. u-ro-lith'ic acid, an 
acid derived from urinary calculi. UTo-li-thol'- 
o-gy.— u-rol'o-gy, the science of the urine, 
fu-ro-log'ic; u-ro-log'i-cal. u-rol'o-gist.— u-ro- 
lu'te in, yellow coloring matter frequently occur¬ 
ring in the urine.— u-ro-lyt'ic, capable of dissolv¬ 
ing urinary calculi.— UTo-man-ti'a, u'ro-man-cy, 
prognostication from inspection of the urine. 
IS- Uroscopia. — u-ro-mel'a-nin, a black coloring 
matter, Cj^H^gNyOig, sometimes found in the 
urine: formed by the decomposition of uro- 
chrome. — u-rom'e-ter = urinometer. — u-rom'- 
pha-lus, protrusion of the navel resulting from in¬ 
filtration of urine due to a closed urachus.— 
u-ron'cus, a tumor containing urine.— u*ro-ne- 
phro'sis = HYDRONEPHROSIS. — u-ro-nol'o-gy = 
UROLOGY. — u-ro-phae'in, u-ro-phe'in, a gray sub¬ 
stance found in the urine and said to be identical 
with urobilin.— u'ro-phan, a term applied to sub¬ 
stances taken into the body which reappear 
chemically unchanged in the urine, fu-ro-phan'- 
ic, appearing in the urine.— u-ro-pher'in, a pro¬ 
prietary diuretic compound, containing theobro¬ 
mine, lithium, and sodium salicylate. Dose, 0.3 
to I Gm. (5 to 15 grs.). U. B, theobromine and 
lithium benzoate, containing 47% of theobro¬ 
mine. U. S, theobromine and lithium salicylate. 

— u'ro-phore. [^Deutsche Arzte^Zeitung ’06 .]— 
u’ro-phos-phom'e-ter, an instrument for deter¬ 
mining the amount of phosphorus in the urine.— 
u-ro-pit'tin, a resinous product, CgHjoNgO,, from 
the decomposition of urochrome.— u-ro-pla'ni a, 
literally, “ a wandering of the urine,” a secretion 
of urine from other parts than the proper urinary 
organs.— UTo-poi-e'sis, secretion of the urine. 
tuTo-poi-et'ic. — u-rop-sam'mus, sand or sedi¬ 


ment of the urine; urocheras. — u-ro-pyg'ial 
glands, a group of glands in the rump of birds, 
which secrete the oily matter with which they 
anoint their plumage.— u-ro-ro'se in = uror- 
RHODiN. — u-ror-rha'gi a, an excessive flow of 
urine; diabetes.— u-ror-rho'din, rosescolored pig¬ 
ment found in urine in certain diseased condi¬ 
tions.— u*ror-rho-din'o-gen, a homogeneous sub¬ 
stance by the decomposition of which urorrhodin 
is formed.— u-ror-rhoe'a, an involuntary dis¬ 
charge of urine; enuresis: also applied to dia¬ 
betes.— uTor-rho-rhoe'a, excretion of serum (or 
albumin) with the urine, or albuminous urine, 
constituting Bright’s disease.— u-ro-ru'bin, red 
coloring matter found in urine, obtained by treat¬ 
ing urine with hydrochloric acid.— uTO-ru-bro- 
haem'a-tin, a red coloring matter found in the 
urine in certain constitutional diseases, as lepro¬ 
sy; UROBROMOH.EMATIN.— u-ro'sa-cin = uror¬ 
rhodin. — u-ro-sa'cral= postsacral. — u-ro-sa'- 
nol, a proprietary prophylactic against gonor¬ 
rhoea containing i to 5% protargol and gelatin.— 
u-ros'che-o-cele = UROCELE. — u-ros'che-sis, re¬ 
tention of the urine; ischuria.— u-ro-sco'pi a, 
u-ros'co-py, inspection of the urine as a means of 
diagnosis and sometimes of prognosis, t^-ros'co- 
pist.— u-ro-sem'i-nal duct == urogenital duct. 

— UTo-se-mi-ol'o-gy, diagnosis of disease by 
study of the conditions of the urine.— u-ro-sep'- 
sis, septic poisoning due to the decomposition of 
urine collected in the tissues. The poison so 
formed is called u-ro-sep'sin. fu-ro-sep'tic. — 
u'ro-sine, a mixture of quinic acid and lithium 
citrate; lithium quinate; used as a solvent for 
gouty concretions. Dose, 2 to 5 Gm. (30 to 75 
grs.) a day.— u-ro'sis, any disease of the urinary 
apparatus.— u-ro-spas'mus, spasm of the urinary 
organs, or of any part of them.— u-ro-spec'trin, 
a coloring matter similar to haematoporphyrin, 
occurring in the urine and obtained by shaking 
normal urine with acetic ether.— u-ros'te-a-lith, 
a fatty constituent of urinary calculi.— u*ro-the- 
o-bro'mine == parax anthine. — u-ro-tox'i a, u'ro- 
tox-y. I. The toxic power of the urine; the toxic 
substance of the urine. 2. The unit of the tox¬ 
icity of the urine, i. e., the quantity sufficient to 
kill one kilogramme of living substance.— u-ro- 
tox'ic, relating to the poisonous elements of the 
urine, as U. coefflcient, the quantity of toxic mat¬ 
ter which a unit of weight produces in a unit of 
time; the number of toxic units produced in 24 
hours by one kilogramme of the individual.— 
UTO-tox-ic'i-ty, the toxic quality of the urine.— 
u-ro-tox'in, the poison of the urine.— u'ro-tox-y 
= urotoxia. — u-rot'ro-pine = hexamethylen- 
AMiNA.* New u., hexamethylenamine methylene 
citrate.— u'rous, having the character of urine. 

— u-rox-an'ic acid, a white, crystalline substance, 
CjN^HgOg, formed by exposing uric acid dissolved 
in potassium hydroxide to air freed from carbon 
dioxide.— u-rox-an'thine, a yellow urinary pig¬ 
ment oxidizable to indigosblue.— u-rox'in = al¬ 
loxantin. — u-ro-ze'mia, diabetes. 

u-rom'e-lus. A monstrosity with the lower limbs 
fused together and ending in a single foot. [ < 
oppd tail-I-//i’Aof limb.] 

u-rosu-re'ter. A ureter which does not perform 
the normal function of passing the urine. 

urTho-din, ur-rho'sa-cin. = Urorrhodin. 

ur'sin. =Arbutin. 

ur'sone. A principle, CgyHj.^O^, found in Epigce'a re'' 
pens and in U'va ur'si. 


URTICA 


1055 


UTERINE 


Urtica. i. Nettle, a genus of herbaceous plants. 
They are armed with stinging hairs, and secrete 
an acrid, poisonous fluid. 2. A wheal ; a 
pomphus. [L.] 


ur-ti-ca'ri a. An exanthema¬ 
tous fever characterized by 
an eruption like the elevations 
produced on the skin by the 
sting of a nettle, and attended 
with burning and itching; 
hives; nettle-rash; cnidosis; 
febris urtica: known accord¬ 
ing to the color of the erup¬ 
tions as U. al'ba, U. ru'bra, 
etc. It is usually due to gastro¬ 
intestinal or genito-urinary 
disorder, or to external irrita¬ 
tion. ^Erythema; uredo. 

U. bullo'sa = U. VESICULOSA. 

U. chron'ica = U. perstans. 

U. confer'ta, urticaria in which Urtica (Nettle). 
the lesions form in groups. U. 
discre'ta, urticaria with scattered, non-confluent 
efflorescences. U. endem'ica, urticaria occurring 
as an endemic in certain regions, and caused by 
certain species of caterpillars. U. epidem'ica, 
a severe form due to caterpillar-poisoning. U. 
evan'ida, urticaria in which the eruptions disap¬ 
pear soon after the remission of the accompanying 
fever. U. facti'ta = autographism. U. gigan'- 
tea = U. CEDEMATOSA. U. haemorrha'gica, urti¬ 
caria with hemorrhage. U. intermit'tens, urti¬ 
caria in which the eruptions occur at intervals 
with accompanying fever. U. maculo'sa, a va¬ 
riety in which the red color of the eruptions is 
retained. U. marit'ima, a form of urticaria 
caused by salt-water bathing. U. medicamento'- 
sa, a form due to the use of certain drugs. U. 
nodo'sa, a form in which the eruptions appear in 
nodules. U. oedemato'sa, urticaria marked by 
the sudden development of large, soft, oedema¬ 
like swellings of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, 
especially about the eyelids; giant urticaria; 
acute circumscribed oedema; angioneurotic oede¬ 
ma. U. papulo'sa, urticaria with a papular erup¬ 
tion. U. per'stans, urticaria without fever and 
of long continuation; tuberculosis cutis prurigi- 
nosa. U. pigmento'sa, urticaria which leaves 
persistent pigmented stains. U. subcuta'nea, ex¬ 
tended swelling on any part of the body from 
subcutaneous oedema. U. tubero'sa = angio¬ 
neurotic OEDEMA. U. vesiculo'sa, urticaria with 
an eruption of blisters and vesicles. [ < L. urtica 
nettle.] t^^-ti-ca'ri al; ur-ti-ca'ri ous. 

ur-ti-ca'tion. r. The whipping of a part, as a 
paralytic limb, with nettles, with the view of 
restoring sensation. 2. = Urticaria perstans. 
fur'ti-ca-ting, causing a stinging sensation. 

u-rush'ic acid. A volatile acid, the active principle 
of Rhus vernicifera, a Japanese species with 
properties similar to those of the poisonous rhus 
of America. 

u'sane. A local anaesthetic used in dentistry. 

Uschinsky’s solution (us-cfn'sciz). Either of two 
bacteriological culture solutions. The first con¬ 
sists of a solution of 40 Gm. of glycerin, 6 Gm. 
of sodium chloride, o.i Gm. of calcium chloride, 
0.2 Gm. of magnesium sulphate, i Gm. of dipo- 
tassic phosphate, and 10 Gm. of ammonium 
lactate in 1000 Cc. of water. The second consists 
of a solution of 30 or 40 Cc. of glycerin, o.i Gm. 
of calcium chloride, 6 Gm. of sodium chloride. 



0.3 Gm. of magnesium sulphate, 2 Gm. of dipo- 
tassic phosphate, 6 or 7 Gm. of ammonium lactate, 
and 3.4 Gm. of sodium asparaginate in 1000 Cc. 
of water. 

Us'kow’s pillars. The two embryonic folds passing 
from the dorsolateral region of the body-wall 
and uniting with the transverse septum to form 
the diaphragm. U. theory, a theory of common 
origin of leucocytes. 

Us'nea. A kind of lichen, Li'chen saxat'ilis, par¬ 
ticularly that adhering to the human skull when 
exposed to the air in damp places. U. cra'nii 
huma'ni, a plant formerly believed to possess 
anti-epileptic and anti-hemorrhagic virtues, 
us'nic acid. A yellow, crystalline substance, CjgHjg- 
O7, found in various lichens, 
usquebaugh (us-cwi-bo'). Irish name for whisky, 
us-ti-la'go. Smut, a disease of plants in which the 
natural tissue is replaced by black powder. Also 
the name for corn-smut, U. ma'idis, grown upon 
Ze'a ma'ys. It is a plant of the order Fun'gi. It 
has been used with asserted success in uterine 
inertia and from it the white, crystalline alkaloid, 
us-ti-la'gine, is said to be obtained, 
us'ti on. A burning; formerly used for incinera¬ 
tion and combustion; in surgery, for cautery. 
us-tu-la'tion. Burning: specifically applied to the 
drying of moist substances to make them fit for 
pulverization. 

us'tus. Burnt; calcined or dried by fire. [L.] 
u'sure. Circumscribed disappearance of a part or 
organ either because of approaching neoplasms 
and aneurisms or because of primary fatty de¬ 
generation. [< L. usu'ra, fr. u'ti to use.] 
ut diet. Abbr. for L. ut dic'tum, as directed. 

Utend. Abbr. for L. uien'dus, to be used, 
u-te-ral'gi a. Pain in the uterus; hysteralgy; me 
tralgia. 

u-te-rec'to-my. = Hysterectomy. 
u'te-rin. A hypothetical substance, originating in 
the uterus, which is alleged by some to act 
upon the internal secretion of the ovaries and 
which may without the presence of ovarian tissue 
maintain the uterus in functional activity, 
u'te-rine. Relating to the uterus. U. anteflexion, 
U. anteversion, anteflexion and antever- 
sioN. U. appendages, the ovaries and fallopian 
tubes. U. artery, a branch of the internal iliac 
artery supplying the uterus; A. uterina*. U. 
asthma, asthma due to reflex in uterine disease 
or hysteria without any pathological change in 
the respiratory or circulating organs. U. brothers, 
sons of the same mother by different fathers. 
U. cake, the placenta. U. calculus, a concretion, 
usually a degenerated tumor, within the uterus. 
U. canal, the entire canal of the uterus. U. 
catarrh, endometritis. U. colic, paroxysms of 
pain in the uterus, due to menstruation or to 
other cause. U. cornua, the upper external an¬ 
gles of the uterus. U. decidua = decidua vera. 
U. dyscinesia, pain in the uterus on movement, 
significant of uterine displacement. U. dysmenor- 
rhoea, dysmenorrhoea due to disease of the uterus. 
U. elevator, an instrument for replacing a 
prolapsed uterus. U. face = facies uterina. 
U. fury = FUROR uterinus. U. gestation — 
uterogestation. U. glands, glands within the 
mucous lining of the uterus; glandulae uie- 
rinae*. U. haematoma, a tumor of the uterus 
formed by effusion of blood into the tissue of the 
organ or upon its outer surface. U. hemorrhage 
= metrorrhagia. U. hemorrhoids, a roughened 



UTERISM 


1056 


UTERUS 


and congested condition of the cavity of the 
cervix uteri resembling a hemorrhoid. U. inertia, 
deficiency of contractile power of the uterus in 
labor. U. involution, the process by which after 
childbirth the uterus reassumes its normal size 
and shape. U. lameness, lameness caused by 
uterine disease. U. leucorrhoea, leucorrhcea. 
U. lyra, the arbor vitae of the uterus. U. mad¬ 
ness, FUROR UTERINUS; NYMPHOMANIA. U. 
mask = MASK, def. 2. U. milk, a white, milky 
liquid found between the chorionic villi of the 
placenta of the gravid uterus. U. mole, a mass 
sometimes occurring in the uterus, consisting of 
a dead foetus which has undergone degeneration. 
U. murmur = placental souffle. U. mutation, 
anteversion of the womb which occurs normally 
about the second month of pregnancy. U. phle¬ 
bitis, puerperal fever. U. plexus, a venous plexus 
at the sides of the uterus and broad ligament 
emptying into the ovarian veins. U. pregnancy, 
normal pregnancy occurring in the uterus. U. 
probe, a long, flexible, graduated probe for ex¬ 
ploring the cavity of the uterus. U. redresser, an 
instrument for replacing an inverted uterus. U. 
segments, the two parts into which the uterus is 
divided by Bandl’s ring. U. sinuses, cavities 
formed by the uterine veins in the walls of the 
uterus: they are especially conspicuous in the preg¬ 
nant uterus. U. souffle = placental souffle. 
U. sound, an instrument somewhat resembling 
a urethral sound, used in making examinations 
of the uterus; a uterine probe. U. stimulant, an 
emmenagogue or ecbolic. U. strangury, dysmen- 
orrhoea. U. tetanus, tm- tetanus. U. thrombosis, 
the formation of clots in the uterine sinuses. U. 
tubes, the fallopian tubes. U. tympanism, U. 
tympanites, distention of the uterus by gas. 

Physometr.v. U. vagitus = vagitus uteri- 
Nus. U. veil, a rubber shield fitting over the 
cervix uteri, used to prevent conception. U. 
wound, the area of the uterus from which the 
placenta has been removed, 
u'te-rism, u-te-ris'mus. =Uteralgia. 
u-te-ri'tis. Inflammation of the womb; hysteritis 
metritis. [< L. ti'terus womb.] 
u'te-ro-. Relating to the uterus or womb; metro- 
HYSTERO-: a combining form. [< L. u'terus 
womb.] u’te-ro=ab-dom'i-nal, relating to the 
uterus and the abdomen.— u*te-ro-cer'vi-cal, re¬ 
lating to both the uterus and the cervix uteri, as 
U. canal, that part of the cavity of the uterus 
during labor which represents the cervix uteri. 

— u-te-ro-col'ic, relating to the uterus and the 

colon.— u’te-rosep-i-cho'ri al membrane — de¬ 
cidua VERA. -U'te-ro-fix-a'tion — HYSTEROPEXIA. 

— u’te-ro-gas'tric, relating to the uterus and the 
stomach. — u*te-ro-ges-ta'tion, the period of preg¬ 
nancy, commencing with conception and terminat¬ 
ing with delivery.— u‘te-ro=in'gui-nal ligaments, 
the round ligaments of the uterus.— u*te-ros 
in-gui-nor'rha-phy = Alexander’s operation. 

— u*te-ro-in-tes'ti-nal, relating to the uterus and 
the intestines, as U. fistula, one passing from the 
uterus to the intestine.— u'te-ro-lith, a calculus or 
.stony concretion within the uterus, cs- Lithop.e- 
Diu.M. — u'te-ro-ma'ni a = nymphomania. — u-te- 
rom'e-ter, an instrument for measuring the uterus. 

— u’te-ro=o-va'ri an, pertaining to the uterus and 
the ovary, as U. artery, an artery of the female 
analogous to the spermatic artery of the male: 
U. ligaments, short, round cords continuous with 
tlie external fibres of the uterus at the superior 


angle of that organ, and extending to the inner 
end and edge of each ovary; ligaments of the 
ovaries; ligamenta ovarii propria* and U. vari¬ 
cocele, csr VARICOCELE.— u'te-ro-pa-ri'c-tal su¬ 
ture, suturing of the uterus to the abdominal 
incision after laparotomy.— u‘te-ro-pel'vic liga¬ 
ments, expansion of muscular tis.sue in the broad 
ligament, radiating from the fascia over the ob¬ 
turator internus to the sides of the uterus and 
the vagina.— u'te-ro-pex'i a, u'te-ro-pex-y = hys- 
TEROPEXiA.— u-te-ro-pla-cen'tal, relating to the 
uterus and placenta, as U. artery, a branch of 
the uterine artery to the pregnant uterus and 
placenta: U. murmur = placental souffle: U. 
plate, the decidua serotina: U. sinuses, placental 
veins which return the maternal blood to the 
uterine veins: and U. vacuum, the vacuum pro¬ 
duced between the placenta and the uterine wall 
by traction for its detachment.— u'te-ro-rec'tal, 
relating to the uterus and the rectum, as U. liga¬ 
ments = UTEROSACRAL LIGAMENTS and U. pOUch 

or = Douglas’s culsde=sac. — u’te-ror- 

rha'gi a = metrorrhagia. — ude-ro-sa'cral, per¬ 
taining to the uterus and the sacrum, as U. liga¬ 
ments, fibromuscular bands extending from the 
upper part of the cervix uteri to the sides of the 
sacrum.— u'te-ro-scope, a uterine speculum.— 
u'te-ro-tome = hysterotome. — u-te-rot'o-my, 
the cutting into the uterus, as wdien the lips have 
become united by adhesive inflammation; hys- 
TEROTO.MY. — u'tc-ro-ton'ic, furnishing muscular 
tone to the uterus.— u’te-ro-trac'tor, a forceps 
with projections on the side of each blade: used 
to exert traction on the uterus, especially at the 
cervix.— u'te-ro-vag'i-nal, relating to the uterus 
and the vagina, as U. canal, i. The common canal 
of the uterus and vagina. 2. The duct of Muller: 
and U. plexus, a continuation of the pelvic plexus 
at the sides of the upper part of the vagina and 
the cervix uteri; plexus uterovaginalis*. — u'te- 
ro-ven'tral, pertaining to the uterus and the ab¬ 
dominal cavity.— u'te-ro-ves'i-cal, pertaining to 
the uterus and the bladder, as U. fisUda, a fistula 
passing from the uterus to the bladder: U. liga¬ 
ments, two poorly defined folds of peritoneum 
extending, one on each side, from the cervix 
uteri to the bladder; anterior peritoneal liga¬ 
ments: and U. pouch, a pouch of peritoneum 
lying between the uterus and the bladder, 
u'te-rus*. The womb, a hollow muscular organ 
designed for the lodgement and nourishment of 
the foetus during its development until birth. In 
its ordinary condition it is a compact, fleshy body, 
about three inches in length, two inches in its 
greatest breadth, shaped somewhat like a flat¬ 
tened pear, the narrower portion being below. 
The upper or broader part is termed the fundus 
(fundus uteri*), the contracted portion is called 
the cervix or neck (cervix [tderi]*), and the exter¬ 
nal orifice, communicating with the vagina, the 
os tincce or os uteri (orificium uteri externum*) . At 
the superior angles it sends off the fallopian tubes, 
which, when conception takes place, receive the 
ovule or ovules from the ovary and convey them 
to the uterus. The uterus is one of the most 
movable parts of the body. It is lineil within by 
mucous memhirane, continuous with that of the 
vagina, containing within its body tube^like 
glands (glandulae uterinae*) which secrete mucus, 
and covered without with peritoneum. U. arcua'- 
tus, “ arched uterus,” a uterus in which the for¬ 
mation into two horns is indicated only by a do- 



UTRICLE 


1057 


UVULO- 


pression in the centre of the body. U. bicor'nis, 

“ twoshorned uterus,” a uterus divided into two, 
the result of imperfect union of the right and left 
mullerian ducts. U. bi'foris, a uterus in which 
the external os is divided by a septum, the cavity 
above being undivided. U. bilocula'ris or biparti'- 
tus, a uterus whose cavity is divided into two 
by a partition, due to imperfect fusion of the 
miillerian ducts. U. cordifor'mis, ” heartsshaped 
uterus,” a uterus in which the fundus is depressed 
in the middle, giving it a heart ^shaped appear¬ 
ance. U. diadel'phus or du'plex, two distinct 
uteri in one woman. U. foeta'lis or infanti'lis, a 
normally formed but exceptionally small uterus. 
U. masculi'nus, ‘‘masculine uterus,” the sinus 
pocularis in the male urethra. U. parvicol'lis, a 
uterus in which the cervical portion is unusually 
small. U. saep'tus = U. bilocularis. U. sub- 
saep'tus, a bilocular uterus in which the partition 
is only partial. U. unicor'nis, “ oneshorned ute¬ 
rus,” a uterus of which only one lateral half 
is developed. [L., fr. u'ter bottle of skin or 
leather.] 

u'tri-cle. i. A minute cell or vesicle. 2. The larger 
of the two sacs of the membranous labyrinth of 
the ear, communicating with the membranous 
semicircular canals; sacculus communis; utriculus 
vestibuli; utriculus*. Us. of Miescher = Sarco- 
CYSTis MiESCHERi. [ < L. utrtc'ulus, dim. of u'ter 
bottle.] tu-tric'u-lar, as U. glands, the uterine 
glands, and U. state, a condition marked by the 
presence of small hollow globules filled with liquid, 
assumed by sulphur and certain other elements 
after sublimation, u-tric'u-late. 

Utricula'ria. A genus of aquatic plants; the blad- 
derworts. Some species are diuretic, and are ap¬ 
plied to wounds and bruises. 

u-tric-u-li'tis. Inflammation of a utricle, especially 
inflammation of the prostatic utricle or sinus 
pocularis. 

u-tric’u-lo-sac'cu-lar canal. A canal passing from 
the utricle and joining a similar canal from the 
saccule to form the endolymphatic duct; ductus 
utriculosaccularis*. 

u-tric'u-lus*. = Utricle. U. hom'inis = sinus 
POCULARIS. U. lachrymaTis = sacculus lach- 
RYMALis. U. lac'teus, the receptaculum chyli. 
U. prostat'icus* = sinus pocularis. U. ure'- 
thrae, the prostatic vesicle, or sinus pocularis. U. 
vestib'uli = utricle, def. 2. [L.] 

u'tri-form. Having the form of a bottle, as U . 
hacilli. 

u'va. A name for the dried fruit of Vi'iis vinif'era, 
the raisin. U. pas'sa, “ dried grape,” or raisin, a 
name for the dried fruit of Vi'tis vinif'era. 
Raisins are laxative. U. ur'si*, the dried leaves 
of Arciostaph'ylos u'va^ur'si, or bearberry. It is 
astringent and tonic, used in affections of the 
urinary tract, and has been extolled as an anti- 
lithic. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). Fluidex- 

tractum uv^e ursi*. [L., a‘‘grape.”] 

u-vae-for'mis. The middle layer of the choroid 
coat. 

Uva'ria na'rum. A plant, a native of India, hav¬ 
ing fragrant and aromatic roots, which are used 
in intermittent fevers, etc. U. trilo'ba is said to 

contain a powerful acid and emetic seeds. The 
fragrant flowers of U. longifo'lia furnish an oil 
used as a perfume. 

u-va'ti o. Staphyloma of the cornea; kerato- 

CELE. 

u've a. I. The posterior surface of the iris of the 

67 


eye, supposed to resemble the skin of a grape. 

2. The iris, ciliary body, and choroid taken to¬ 
gether. [<L. u'va grape.] tu'veal, as U. ar¬ 
teries, the posterior and short ciliary arteries: U. 
gland, those parts of the eye which secrete the 
aqueous humor, comprising the ciliary portion of 
the retina, with its rich blood^supply, and the 
ciliochoroidal muscle: U. portion, cornea: U. 
sarcoma, a sarcoma of the uvea: U. staphyloma, 
staphyloma: and U. tract, the middle or vas¬ 
cular coat of the eye; the iris, ciliary body, 
and choroid considered as together forming 
one tract. 

u-ve-i'tis. Inflammation of the uvea or pigmentary 
layer of the iris, in contrast to iritis, the inflam¬ 
mation of the tissues of the iris. U. ante'rior, 
parenchymatous keratitis involving the anterior 
part of the uvea, fu-ve-it'ic. 
u've-o-plas-ty. Plastic surgery upon the uvea, 
u'vic acid. A white, crystalline substance, C^HgO,, 
formed along with pyrotartaric acid by the dry 
distillation of tartaric acid, 
u'vi-form. Having the form of a grape, 
u'vi ol. = Ultraviolet rays. U. lamp, a lamp 
for supplying ultraviolet rays for therapeutic 
treatment. J. A. M. A. j, ’07.] 
u-vit'ic acid. A white, crystalline substance, CgHgO^. 
formed by the oxidation of mesitylenic acid; 
mesidic acid. 

u-vi-ton'ic acid. A white, crystalline substance, 
CgH^NO^, formed by heating pyroracemic acid 
with barium hydrate. 

u'vu-la*. The small fleshy body hanging from the 
soft palate, above the root of the tongue. It is 
sometimes of abnormal length, interfering with 
the functions of the voice, and producing a 
tendency to cough. In these cases amputation 
may become necessary. U. of the bladder = U. 
VESICAE*. U. of the cerebellum, the lobe of the 
inferior vermiform process of the cerebellum in 
front of the pyramid; lobus intertonsillaris; uvula 
vermis*. U. of Lieutaud, a ridge extending lon¬ 
gitudinally across the trigone of the bladder. U.s 
spoon, a spoonsshaped instrument for lifting up 
the uvula. U.stwitch, an instrument for liHing 
the uvula in posterior rhinoscopy. U. ver'mis* 
= U. OF THE CEREBELLUM. U. vesFcae*, ‘‘uvula 
of the bladder,” the small eminence forming the 
apex of the trigone of the bladder and projecting^ 
into the orifice of the urethra, fi^^vu-lar. 
u*vu-lap-to'sis. = UvuLOPTOsis. 

Uvula'ria. A genus of liliaceous plants; bellwort. 
U. grandiflo'ra, bellwort, a native of New York, 
Ohio, Illinois, etc.: said to be a remedy for the 
bite of the rattlesnake. U. perfolia'ta, bellwort, 
a native of the Middle and Southern States. Its 
root is mucilaginous. 

u-vu-la'ris. A muscle arising from the posterior 
nasal spine, which forms with its fellow the 
fleshy part of the uvula; azygos uvulae; musculus 
uvulae*. 

u'vu-la-tome, u-vu-lat'o-my. = Uvulotome, uvu- 

LOTOMY. 

u-vu-li'tis. Inflammation of the uvula: better 
termed staphylitis. 

u'vu-lo-. Relating to the uvula; staphylo-: a com¬ 
bining form. [< L. u'vula.] u*vu-lop-to'sis, a 
relaxing and falling down of the palate; staphy¬ 
loptosis. — u-vu-lot'o-my, the operation of cut¬ 
ting off the uvula or a part of it, the instrument 
employed for this purpose being known as a 
u'vu-lo-tome. 


V 


1058 


VACCINIA 



2 . 


V. I. Abbr. for vision; visual acuity; volt. 
Symbol for v.\nadium. 

V.F. Abbr. for field of vision; vocal fremitus. 

V.M. Abbr. for voltmeter. 

V.o.s. or Vit. ov. sol. Abbr. for L. vitel'lo o’vi solu'- 
tus, dissolved in yolk of egg. 

V.S. I. Abbr. for L. vencesec'iio venesection. 2. 
Abbr. for volumetric solution and for veteri¬ 
nary SURGEON. 

vac-cig'e-nous. Producing vaccine. [< Vaccine- h 
yevvav to produce.] 

vac-ci'na. = Vaccinia. [< L. t;ac'ca cow.] 
vac'ci-na-ble. Susceptible of being vaccinated, 
vac'ci-nads. Vaccine organisms, 
vac'ci-nal. Relating to vaccine or caused by vac¬ 
cination. V. erythema = v.\cciNATiON rash. 
V. fever, slight fever sometimes occurring after 
vaccination. V. scar, the permanent scar left 
after a successful vaccination; vaccine cicatrix, 
vac'ci-nate. To inoculate with any vaccine with 
the object of insuring immunity against disease, 
vac-ci-na'tion. Inoculation with vaccine of any 
kind: specifically that of cow-pox to secure im¬ 
munity against smallpox, is- Vaccine therapy. 
Animal or Bovine v., inoculation with vaccine 
derived from the calf. Armstosarm v., inocu¬ 
lation of vaccine from the arm of one person 
to that of another. Autosv., vaccination of an¬ 
other part of the body from an already existing 
inoculation. Bacterial v., inoculation with vac¬ 
cine, def. 3. Compulsory v., vaccination required 
by law, as of infants in Germany at an early age, 
or of those acquiring certain rights, as emigrants 
entering the United 
States or children at¬ 
tending school. Jen- 
nerian v., vaccination 
proper, VaccinE; 

def. 2. V. lichen, an 
eruption, usually pap¬ 
ular, occasionally pus¬ 
tular or vesiculopustu- 
lar, sometimes accom¬ 
panying vaccination. 

V. mark = vaccinal 
SCAR. V. pulp, a vac¬ 
cine made by grinding 
up the whole lesion, 
epithelium, leucocytes, 
red corpuscles, fibrin, 
fat, etc. V. rash, an 
erythematous rash often appearing soon after 
vaccination. V. scar = vaccinal scar. V. shield, 
a shield to protect a vaccination vesicle. V. syph¬ 
ilis, syphilis. V. tetanus, tetanus following 
vaccination either from an impure virus or from 
contamination of the wound by the BaciVlus tet'- 
ani. V. vesicle, a grayish, circular blister with a 
depressed centre, forming at the point of vacci¬ 
nation on about the eighth day after inoculation. 
[ < L. vacci'nus from cows, fr. vac'ca cow.] fvac- 
ci-na'tion-ist, one who believes in the practice of 
vaccination. Anti-vaccinationist, vac'ci- 
na-tor. i. One who vaccinates. 2. An instru¬ 
ment used in vaccination. 



Edward Jenner, English 
Physician, 1749-1823. 


vac'cine. i. Pertaining to vaccinia or vaccination; 
derived from a cow. V. bodies, cytorrhyctes. 
Bovine v., vaccine (def. 2) taken from the cow or 
calf. V. cicatrix = VACCINAL scar. V. farm, a 
place where calves are kept for the production of 
vaccine virus. V. lymph, the lymphslike fluid 
obtained from the vesicles of vaccinia, used for 
vaccination. V. matter = vaccine, def. 2. V. 
point, a thin slip of ivory, quill, or bone covered 
with virus for vaccination. V. rash = vaccina¬ 
tion RASH. 2. Lymph, scab, or any substance 
obtained from the vesicles of vaccinia capable of 
reproducing the disease and establishing its 
characteristic eruption, etc. 3. A vaccine is any 
chemical substance which when introduced into 
the organism causes there an elaboration of pro¬ 
tective substances; bacterin. The usual vaccine 
is a culture, or product, of micro-organisms used 
by inoculation to increase the opsonic activity of 
the serum. The dose varies much (500,000 to 1,000,- 
000,000) and should be determined in each individual 
case, preferably by the use of the opsonic index. 

Opsonin. The principal varieties of vaccine, 
def. 3, are Anti-cholera, Antigonococcus, An- 
TiMALTA FEVER, Antiplague (= Haffkine’s pro¬ 
phylactic fluid), Antipneumococcic, Anti- 
staphylococcic, and Antityphoid, and Tuber¬ 
culin. Autogenous v., one prepared from mate¬ 
rial obtained directly from the patient who is to be 
inoculated with it. Heterogenous v., a non- 
autogenous vaccine. Homologous v. = auto¬ 
genous VACCINE. Humanized v., vaccine obtained 
from vaccinia in man. Mixed v., a vaccine con¬ 
taining products of several pathogenic agents. 
^ Coley’s fluid. Stock v., a non-autogenous 
vaccine used for treating any case of infection 
with the given species of micro-organism. V. 
therapy, V. treatment, treatment by means of 
bacterins. V. virus = vaccine, def. 2. 
vac-ci-nel'la. i. A spurious vaccinia resembling 
the true, but not protective against smallpox. 
2. Variolous eruption supposed to be due to self- 
inoculation from a primary sore, 
vac-cin'i a. A disease of man and animals (usually 
of cattle) characterized by an eruption, at first 
papular, then vesicular; cow-pox. The contents 
of the vesicles become purulent, and crusts are 
formed, beneath which superficial scars form. 
Secretions, etc., from the sores give rise to similar 
ones when inoculated upon man or animals, and 
prevent, in the vast majority of cases, the occur¬ 
rence of smallpox, or mitigate the attack if it 
does occur. Aberrant v., cow-pox inoculated at 
some unusual point, generally by accident. [T[ L. 
j. '06.] V. atroph'ica, vaccinia marked by small, 
imperfectly developed papules which soon dry up 
into wart-like crusts. V. bullo'sa, vaccinia in 
which there are vesicles with a clear watery con¬ 
tent. V. erysipelato'sa, vaccinia with erysipelatous 
symptoms and complications, Traumatic.ery- 
siPELAS. V. furunculo'sa, a furuncular develop¬ 
ment of vaccinia. V. herpet'ica, vaccinia with 
vesicles having a watery content, near the point 
of inoculation, and marked by severe itching and 
constant moistening: common in cachectic chil- 


VACCIWIC 


1059 


VAGINAL 


drcn, V. primige^na, vaccinia in man caused by 
inoculation from an animal affected with it. V. 
ulcero'sa, vaccinia with the development of an 
ulcer at the point of inoculation, due to intensive 
inflammation. V. vaccinato'ria, a variety caused 
by inoculation from a person affected with it. 
[< L. vac'ca cow.] tvaccin'ial. 
vac-cinffc. Relating to vaccine or to the cow, as V. 
acid, a volatile substance from butter, said to be 
a mixture of butyric and caproic acids, 
vac-cin'i-fer. i. An instrument employed in vacci¬ 
nation. 2. A person or animal from which vac¬ 
cine virus is obtained, 
vac-cin'i-fonn. Like vaccine or vaccinia, 
vac-cin'i-in. A bitter principle identical with arbu- 
TiN, found in the fruit of the cowberry, 
vac'ci-nine, vac-ci-ni'num. The active inoculable 
principle of cow*pox. 

vac-ci-ni'o-la. i. A secondary vaccination rash re¬ 
sembling the primary eruption often following 
vaccination. 2. =Vaccinella. 
vac'ci-nist. One who believes in, or one who per¬ 
forms, vaccination. 

Vaccin'ium. A genus of ericaceous plants, including 
the cowberry, cranberry, bilberry, and blueberry. 
vac*ci-ni-za'tion. Repeated vaccination until no 
further effect is produced, the system being satu¬ 
rated with the virus, tvac'ci-nize. 
vac-cin'o-gen. The source from which vaccine is 
obtained, tvac-ci-nog'e-nous = Vaccigenous. 
vac'ci-noid. Of the nature of vaccine or vaccinia, 
vac-cin'o-la. Self=inoculated secondary vaccinia. 
vac*ci-no-pho'bi a. Morbid fear of vaccination, 
vac'cin-o-style. A metallic vaccinating point. 
vac*ci-no-syph'i-lis. Syphilis produced by inocula¬ 
tion with impure vaccine virus, 
vac-ci'nus. = Vaccine. 
vac-ci'o-la. = Vaccinia. 

vac'u-ole. A small cavity in an organic tissue, con¬ 
taining air or fluid. [< L. vac'uum an empty 
space.] -fvac'u-o-lar, relating to or resembling a 
vacuole, vac'u-o-la-ted, containing vacuoles, as 
a V. cell. vac‘u-o-la'tion. i. = Vacuolization. 
2. A st-age in the vascularization of a clot in which 
numerous fissures form in it. vac*u-o-li-za'tion, 
the formation of vacuoles, 
vac'u um. In physics, a void portion of space. V. 
chamber, in dentistry, the depression in a den¬ 
ture which assists in holding it in place by suc¬ 
tion. V. plate, a plate for artificial teeth having 
a V. CHAMBER. V. treatment, treatment of cer¬ 
tain affections, as rheumatism and paralysis, by 
enclosing the part in an air-tight cover and par¬ 
tially exhausting the air, V. tube, a sealed tube 
of glass with a high vacuum and provided with 
electrodes, for observing the passage of an electric 
discharge. The Crookes vacuum-tube is used in 
the generation of R6ntgen rays. 
vaMum. The elevation at the bottom or side of a 
cerebral fissure, more or less completely inter¬ 
rupting its continuity. [L., a " shallow,”] 
vag'a-bonds* disease or discoloration. = Vagrants' 

DISEASE. 

ya-ga-da-sa'stir. An ancient Brahmin book of 
medical lore. 

va'gal. Relating to the vagus nerve, 
va^gi, pi. of vagus, Pnbumogastric nerves. 
va-gi'na*, pi. vagi'ncB, i. The curved canal, five or 
six inches in length, extending from the vulva to 
the uterus, which receives the penis in copula¬ 
tion, and forms part of the birth-canal. V. mas- 
culi'na = sinus pocularis. V. saep'ta or sub- 


saep'ta, total or partial partition of the vagina, 
analogous to uterus s.eptus or subs^eptus. 2. 
A sheath, especially of a tendon, as V. fibro'sa 
ten'dims*, the fibrous sheath of a tendon; V, 
muco'sa ten'dinis*, the mucous sheath of a ten¬ 
don ; V . ten'dinis mus'culi extenso'ris car'pi ulna'- 
ris*, sheath of the tendon of the ulnar extensor 
muscle of the wrist; V. ten'dinis mus'culi extenso'- 
ris dig'iti min'imi*, the sheath of the tendon of 
the extensor muscle of the little finger; Vagi'nae 
ten'dinum mus'culi extenso'ris digito'rum pe'dis 
lon'gi*, sheaths of the tendons of the long extensor 
muscle of the digits of the foot; V. ten'dinis 
mus'culi extenso'ris hallu'cis lon'gi*, sheath of 
the tendon of the long extensor muscle of the 
great toe; V. ten'dinis mus'culi extenso'ris pol'licis 
lon'gi*, sheath of the tendon of the long extensor 
muscle of the thumb; Vagi'nae ten'dinum mus'culi 
fiexo'ris digito'rum pe'dis lon'gi*, sheaths of the 
tendons of the long flexor muscle of the digits of 
the foot; V. ten'dinis mus'culi fiexo'ris hallu'cis 
lon'gi*, sheath of the tendon of the long flexor 
muscle of the great toe; V. ten'dinis mus'culi 
fiexo'ris pol'licis lon'gi*, sheath of the tendon of 
the long flexor muscle of the thumb; V. ten'dinis 
mus'culi peronaeo'rum commu'nis*, common 
sheath of the tendon of the peroneal muscles; 
V. ten'dinis mus'culi peronae'i lon'gi planta'ris, 
sheath of the plantar tendon of the long peroneal 
muscle; and V. ten'dinum mus'culi fiexo'ris hal¬ 
lu'cis lon'gi*, sheath of the tendons of the long 
flexor muscle of the great toe. V. buTbi = 
Tenon's capsule. V. cellula'ris, the external 
coat or tunic of an artery, V. cor'dis, the peri¬ 
cardium. V. fem'oris, the fascia lata of the thigh. 
V. glisso'ni = Glisson’s capsule. V. masculi'na, 
the sinus pocularis of the male urethra. V. 
muscula'ris = PERIMYSIUM. V. mus'culi rec'ti 
abdom'inis* = sheath of the rectus. Vagi'nae 
ner'vi op'tici* = sheaths of the optic nerve. 
V. oc'uli = Tenon’s capsule. V. pi'li, a hair- 
sheath. V. synovia'lis = SYNOVIAL sheath, V. 
ten'dinis, the sheath of a tendon. V. vaso'rum 
crura'lium= FEMORAL sheath. [L., a “ sheath.”] 
vagi'nae fixu'ra. Vaginal fixation. [L.] 
vag'i-nal. i. Belonging to the vagina, V. arteries, 
several arteries which are derived from the ante¬ 
rior divisions of the internal iliac artery, and 
supply the walls of the vagina; plexus, def. 2. 
V. azygous artery, a vertical arterial trunk on the 
median line of the vagina, formed by the cervical 
branch of the uterine artery and the vaginal 
arteries. V. ballottement, t^BALLOTTEMENT. V. 
bulb = BULBUs vESTiBULi*. V. Canal, the canal of 
the vagina. V. cyst, a cyst in the vagina, some¬ 
times proving an obstacle to parturition. V. 
douche. I. An apparatus for washing out or 
bathing the vagina. 2. The solution used for 
this purpose. V. dysmenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea 
due to a vaginal lesion. V. fistula, a fistula open¬ 
ing into the vagina. V. glands, the sparsely dis¬ 
tributed glands of the vaginal mucous membrane: 
they are often entirely wanting. V. hernia, her¬ 
nia through the wall of the vagina. V. hysterec¬ 
tomy, ^ HYSTERECTOMY, V. leucorrhcea, leu- 
corrhoea from vaginal inflammation. V. lithot¬ 
omy, LITHOTOMY through the vagina. V. lyra, 
the rugsB of vagina. V. ovariocele, protrusion of 
the ovary into the vaginal wall. V. ovariot¬ 
omy, removal of an ovary through an incision into 
the vagina. V. plexus, i. A plexus of nerves de¬ 
rived from the pelvic plexus and distributed to 


VAGINALECTOMY 


1000 


VALENTINITE 


the walls of the vagina. 2. An anastomosis of 
veins in the vaginal wall. V. portion, that part 
of the cervix uteri which projects into the vagina; 
portio vaginalis cervicis*. V. proctocele, hernia 
of the rectum into the vagina. V. pulse, a pul¬ 
sation in the vagina in cases of pelvic engorgement 
or in pregnancy. V. respiration, respiration of a 
child while its head is yet in the vagina. V. 
sachets, small bags of medicated substances for 
introduction into the vagina. V. speculum, an 
instrument for keeping open the vagina in order 
that its interior may be viewed. V. touch, ob¬ 
stetrical palpation by way of the vagina. V. 
vault, the portion of the vagina surrounding the 
cervix uteri. V. veins = V. plexus, def. 2. 2. 

Relating to or resembling a sheath. V. ar¬ 
teries, branches of the hepatic artery distributed 
to the walls of the ducts, blood-vessels, and 
Glisson’s capsule in the liver; vaginal branches 
of the hepatic artery. V. coat of the testicle = 
TUNICA VAGINALIS. V. ligaments, transverse 
fibres attached to the margins of the first and 
second phalanges of the fingers, beneath which 
pass the flexor tendons; ligamenta vaginalia*. 
V. plexus, small divisions of the portal vein in 
the capsule of Glisson. V. process, i. {Of the 
peritoneum.) The process of peritoneum carried 
down into the scrotum by the descending tes¬ 
ticle and forming the tunica vaginalis; pro¬ 
cessus vaginalis peritonaei*. 2. {Of the sphenoid 
bone.) A process of the inferior surface of the 
body of the sphenoid bone, extending inward 
from the base of the pterygoid process; processus 
vaginalis*. 3. {Of the temporal hone.) A jagged 
ridge on the inferior surface of the temporal 
bone, partly ensheathing the styloid process; va¬ 
gina processus styloidei*. V. synovial membrane 

= SYNOVIAL SHEATH. V. tuniC = TUNICA VAGI¬ 
NALIS. [<L. vagina'lis, fr. vagi'na sheath.] 
vagd-na-lec'to-my. Excision of the tunica vagi¬ 
nalis. 

vagina'lis gu'lae. The muscular oesophageal coat, 
vag’i-na-li'tis. Inflammation of the tunica vaginalis 
testis, Hydrocele; periorchitis. 
vag-i-na-pex'y. =Colpopexy. 
vag'i-nate. In a sheath. 

vag-i-nec'to-my. Excision of the tunica vaginalis 
or of the vagina. 

vag-i-nic'o-line. Living in the vagina: said of mi¬ 
crobes. [< Vagina* -f L. co’lere to inhabit.] 
vag’i-ni-glu-tae'us. == Tensor vagina femoris. 
tvag*i-ni-glu-te'al. 

Vag-i-nis'mus. Spasm, often painful, of the muscu¬ 
lar fibres of the vagina, thus hindering coitus; vul¬ 
vismus ; vaginodynia. Mental v., extreme aversion 
to coitus on the part of the woman, attended with 
contraction of the muscles when the act is at¬ 
tempted. Perineal v., spasm of the perineal mus¬ 
cles. Posterior v., vaginismus caused by spasm of 
the levator ani muscle. Vulvar v., vaginismus 
caused by spasm of the constrictor vaginae muscle, 
►ag-i-ni-tis. Inflammation of the vagina; coleitis; 
colpitis. V. adhaesi'va, senile v. Diphtheritic v., 
diphtheritic inflammation of the vagina. Em¬ 
physematous or gaseous v., a variety marked 
by the formation of gas in the meshes of the con¬ 
nective tissue. Granular v., the most common 
variety, in which the papillae are enlarged and in¬ 
filtrated with small cells. Senile v., vaginitis oc¬ 
curring in old age and marked by the formation 
of raw patches, which often adhere {V. adhcesi'va) 
causing obliteration of the vaginal canal. 


vag'i-no-. Relating to the vagina; colpo- ; elytro-. 
a combining form. [< L. vagi'na sheath.] vag*- 
i-no-ab-dom'i-nal, relating to the vagina and ab¬ 
domen.— vag'i-no-cele = colpocele. — vag'i-no- 
dyn'i a, pain in the vagina.— vag'i-no-fix-a'tion, 
the operation of fixing the vagina to the sides 
of the pelvis. V. of the uterus, vaginal fixation 
of the uterus in retroflexion, Alexander’s 
operation; retrofixatio colli; ventrofixa¬ 
tion. — vagd-no-la'bi al, pertaining to both vagina 
and labia.— vag*i-no-my-co'sis, disease of th® 
vagina due to the growth within it of micro-or¬ 
ganisms, especially Lep'tothrix vagina'lis. — vagd- 
no-per-i-to-ne'al, relating to the vagina and 
peritoneum.— vagd-no-pex'y = colpopexy. — 
vag'i-no-scope = vaginal speculum. fvag-i- 
nos'co-py. — vag-i-not'o-my, incision into the 
vagina.— vagd-no-ves'i-cal = vesicovaginal. — 
vagd-no-vul'var = vulvovaginal. 
va-gi'tus. The crying of infants. V. uteri'nus, the 
crying of the child while yet in the uterus, due to 
the entrance of air, enabling premature breathing. 
V. vagina'lis, the crying of an infant with the head 
still in the vagina. [ < L. vagi're to cry.] 
va'go-. Relating to the vagus or pneumogastric 
nerve: a combining form. [< L. va'gus, fr. va- 
ga'ri to wander.] va’gosac-ces-so'ri us, the vagus 
and accessory portion of the spinal accessory 
nerves regarded as together forming one nerve.— 
va'go-glos-so-pha-ryn'ge al nucleus, the common 
nucleus of deep origin of the vagus and glosso¬ 
pharyngeal nerves.— va’gosoe-so-pha'ge al reflex. 

J. A. M. A. ]. ’06.] — va-got'o-my, the opera¬ 
tion of cutting the vagus or pneumogastric nerve, 
tva-got'o-mize. va-got'o-mized. 
va'grants’ disease. Parasitic melanoderma, discolor¬ 
ation of the skin in those of filthy habits, due to 
the irritation of lice; morbus erronum. 
va'gus. = Pneumogastric nerve. V. area, a tri¬ 
angular area on the floor of the fourth ventricle 
below the inferior fovea, corresponding to the 
nuclei of the glossopharyngeal and pneumogastric 
nerves. V. ganglion. *1. = Jugular ganglion, 
def. 2. 2. The lower ganglion of the pneumo¬ 

gastric nerve; the ganglion of the trunk. V. 
nerve = pneumogastric nerve. V. pneumonia, 
pneumonia caused by some injury to the vagus 
nerves. V. reflex. J. A. M. A. j. ’06.] [L.] 

va-kam'ba. An African arrow-poison producing 
vomiting and tetanic convulsions, 
val'din, val'di-vin. A crystalline compound, C,gH24- 
0,g-|-5H20, derived from a species of Simaba. 
va'lence, va'len-cy. The combining or saturating 
power of an atom or radical as compared with an 
atom of hydrogen; atomicity; equivalence; quan- 
tivalence. [< L. vale're to be worth.] Jva'lent. 
val'ene. =Valerol. 

-valent. A suffix denoting, with numeral prefixes, 
chemical valence, as univalent, bivalent, etc. 
Va-len'ta test. A test for foreign fats made by 
heating butter with ah equal amount of glacial 
acetic acid and cooling. Opacity beginning at 
about 96° F. indicates adulteration; about 62°F., 
pure butter. [T| Gn. ’09.] 

Val'en-tin’s corpuscles. Small amyloid bodies oc¬ 
curring in nerve-tissue. V.’s ganglion, a gan¬ 
glion-like enlargement formed by the junction 
of the middle and posterior dental nerves above 
the root of the second bicuspid tooth. V.’s 
knife. [G. G. Valentin, a German physiologist, 
1810-1883.] 

va-len'ti-nite. A white native antimony ore. 




VALERAL 


1061 


VALVE 


val'e-ral, val-e-ral'de-hyde. A colorless liquid, C5- 
H^qO, formed by oxidizing amylic alcohol in va¬ 
rious ways; amylic aldehyde; valeryl hydride. 
V.ssodium bisulphite, a loose equimolecular com¬ 
bination of valeral and sodium bisulphite, 
val-er-am'ide. A white, crystalline substance, Cj- 
HijNO, formed by heating valeric acid with 
ammonium thiocyanate. 

val'e-rate. A salt of valerianic acid; valerianate. 
Ethyl v., the ethyl ether of isovaleric acid. 



Valerian. 


[< 


val'e-rene. = Amylene. 
va-le'rian. = Valeriana, def. 2. 

Valeria'na. i. A genus of valerianaceous plants, 
comprising numerous species, 
widely distributed in Europe, 

India, America, etc. Many of 
them have been used in medi¬ 
cine, having essentially the same 
properties as the official variety. 

2. The U. S. P. name for valerian, 
the dried rhizome and roots of 
Valeria'na officina'Its, which is 
used as a nervous stimulant or 
antispasmodic. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 
grS.). ^FlUIDEXTRACTUM VA¬ 
LERIAN^*; TINCTURA VALERI¬ 
AN^*; TINCTIXRA VALERIANS 
AMMONiATA*. V. ccl'tica and 
V. jataman'si (spikenard) were 
formerly used like valerian. V. 
officinaTis or sylves'tris, the wild 
valerian plant. It is a native 
of Europe, and is cultivated in 
American gardens. Its virtue 
depends on a volatile oil, which 
is used like valerian. Dose, o.i Cc. (2 mins.). 
Vale'rius, who first described it.] 
va-le'ri-a-nate. A combination of valerianic acid 
with a base; valerate. k^Ammonii valeras*; 
ziNCi VALERAS*. [< L. valcrta'nas.] 
va-le-ri-an'ic or va-ler'ic acid. A colorless, oily 
liquid, CgHjo02 = C4 Hj,COOH, having a pungent, 
disagreeable odor, and a sour, acrid, or caustic 
taste, found in valerian and in the faeces, and 
formed by the decomposition of leucine; butyl- 
carboxylic acid; delphinic acid; phocenic acid. It 
possesses properties similar to those of valerian, 
and has been employed in nervous affections, 
val-er'i-din. =Sedatin, def. 2. 
val'e-rine. = Amylene. 

va-ler'i-trin. A colorless liquid, CjgHgyN, formed 
by heating valeral with alcoholic ammonia, 
val'e-ro-lac'tone. A colorless liquid, Cg 
formed by heating 7*brom valeric acid with water 
the LACTONE of 7=oxyvaleric acid, 
val'e-rol. A colorless, crystalline substance, CgHjjjO, 
formed from valerian oil. 

val'e-rone. A colorless liquid, CgHjgO, formed by 
distilling certain valerates; dibutylacetone; val- 
ene; valeryhbutyl. 
va-ler'y-din. =Sedatin, def. 2. 
val'er-yl. An oily substance, C5H9O, formed by 
decomposing certain salts of valeric acid. V.s 
butyl = VALERONE. V. hydride = valeral. 
valetsaspatin (va-l^-ta-pa-tah). A forceps whose 
limbs may be extended to any degree, used for 
compressing arteries preparatory to ligation. 
vaPe-tu-di-na'ri an, val-e-tu'di-na-ry. A person 
who is in delicate or infirm health or subject to 
frequent illness, •j'val'e-tu-di-na'ri-a-nisni. 
valeur globulaire (va-ler gld-bvi-ldr). = ColoR" 
INDEX. 




val'gus. I. Having legs bent outward; knock- 
kneed. 2. A variety of clubsfoot in which the 
sole is turned outward; talipes valgus. Nervous 
V., valgus due to nervous affection. Paralytic v., 
valgus caused by paralysis of the tibialis anticus. 
Spurious V. = sPLAYsFooT. [L.] fval'goid. 
val'i-dol. A proprietary name for menthol vale¬ 
rate, used as a stomachic and in reflex neuroses. 
V. camphora'tum, validol with 10% of camphor: 
used in scotoma scintillans. 
val'late. Circumvallate; cupped, as V. papillce, the 
circumvallate papillae of the tongue, 
val-lec'u-la*. i. A depression, crevice, or furrow. 
2. = Glossosepiglottic pouch. V. cerebel'li*, 
the longitudinal fissure of the cerebellum; cere¬ 
bellar vallecula. V. epiglot'tica*, a fossa=like de¬ 
pression lying on each side between the lateral 
and median glosso*epiglottic folds. V. ova'ta, a 
fissure of the liver in which the gall-bladder lies. 
V. reil'i, a depression lodging the vermiform 
process. V. syl'vii, a depression at the base of 
the brain formed by the fissure of Sylvius. V. of 
the tongue, the glosso-epiglottidean pouch. V. 
un'guis, the recess formed by the fold of skin in 
which the nail is embedded. [< L. val'lis valley.] 
Valleix’s points (va-lez). Tender points or spots 
along the course of nerves, especially where they 
emerge from bony openings; puncta dolorosa: 
seen in certain neuralgic conditions. 

Vallet’s mass (va-lez). =Massa ferri carbo- 

NATIS*. 

val'ley. = Vallecula*. [< L. val'lis.] 
VaMisRit'ter law. = Ritter-Valli law. 
Vallisne'ria spira'lis. Tape grass, 
val-lum*. I. Wall or fortification. V. un'guis*, the 
wall of the nail. 2. The eyebrow, 
val'oid. A fluidextract equal weights of which and 
of the drug from which it is prepared contain an 
equal amount of the active principle of the drug: 
equivalent extract. [ < L. vale're to be equal to.] 
va-lo'ni a. The cups of acorns, which contain a 
large proportion of tannin. 

Val-sal'va’s (val-sal'vi an or val-sal'van) experi¬ 
ment. Inflation of the eustachian tube by closing 
the nose and mouth and employing a forcible 
expiration, for the purpose of showing or estab¬ 
lishing a communication between the pharynx 
and the ear. V.’s ligament, a band of ligament 
joining the pinna of the ear to the temporal 
bone; ligamentum auriculare [Valsalvae]*. V.’s 
sinuses, three recesses formed by dilation of the 
walls of the aorta behind the position of the 
semilunar valves; sinus aortae [Valsalvae]*. V.’s 
treatment, treatment of aneurism by measures, 
such as rest, low diet, etc., which diminish the 
force of the circulation. [A. M. Valsalva, Ital¬ 
ian anatomist, 1666-1723.] 

Val'ser’s reagent. A saturated solution of mercuric 
iodide in a 10% solution of potassium iodide: it 
gives a white precipitate with alkaloids, 
val'sol. An oxygenized ointment-base. 
Val-su-a'ni’s disease. Pernicious anaemia compli¬ 
cating pregnancy. [TJ Gn. ’09.] 
val'ue, globular. = Color-index. 
val'va, pi. val'vcB. = Valve. V. bicus'pis, the bi¬ 
cuspid or MITRAL VALVE of the heart. V. tricus'- 
pis = TRICUSPID VALVE. V. tul'pu, the ileocaecal 
valve. [L.] 

valve. A fold or elongation of the lining membrane 
of canals, as veins, preventing the reflux of their 
contents: valvula*. For fTpecially named valves 
not given below see the adjectives and proper 




VALVOTOMY 


1062 


VAWILLin 


names. V. of Bauhin, the ileocascal valve. V. 
of the brain = ViEUssENs’s valve. V. of Hasner 
= Hasner’s valve. Vs. of the heart, the mitral, 
tricuspid, semilunar, coronary, and eustachian 
valves. V. of Heister — Keister’s valve. V. of 
Tarinus = VELUM medullare posterius*. V. of 
Thebesius, a fold of endocardium at the opening 
of the coronary sinus into the heart. V. of Tul- 
pius, the ileocaecal valve. Vs. of the veins, pouch* 
like duplicatures of the inner coat of veins which 
allow the blood to flow only toward the heart. 
V. of Vieussens = ViEUSSENs’s valve. [< L. 
val'va door.] fval'val, relating to a valve. — val'- 
var, belonging to a valve, val'vate, val'vated, 
valved, having valves; opening by valves, val'- 
viform, formed like a valve, valve'less, lacking 
valves: applied to certain veins, as the venae cavae, 
hepatic veins, portal vein and its branches, renal, 
uterine, ovarian, pulmonary, cerebral, spinal, um¬ 
bilical, and some small cranial veins and sinuses, 
val-vot'o-my. The operation of cutting a valve, 
val'vu-la*, pi. val'vul(B. i. A little valve; a val¬ 
vule. 2. =ViEussENs’s VALVE. V. bauhiiii = 
ILEOCECAL VALVE. V. bicuspida'Us [mitra'lis]*, 

the left AURICULOVENTRICULAR VALVE. V. 

cer'ebri = Vieussens’s valve. V. co'li* = 
ILEOC.ECAL VALVE. Val'vulaB conniven'tos, the 
semilunar folds of the mucous lining of the 
small intestine at right angles to its long axis; 
plicae circulares [Kerkringi]*. V. eusta'chii — 
EUSTACHIAN VALVE. V. heis'tcri — Keister’s 
VALVE. V. mitra'lis = MITRAL valve. V. pro- 
ces'sus vermifor'mis*, a fold of mucous mem¬ 
brane at the opening into the caecum of the canal 
of the vermiform appendix. V. prostat'ica, en¬ 
largement of that part of the prostate immedi¬ 
ately behind the urethra, causing constriction; 
Mercier’s bar. V. pylo'ri* = pyloric valve. 
Val'vulae semiluna'res* = semilunar valves. 
V. si'nus corona'rii [Thebe'sii]* = coronary 
valve. V. spira'lis [Heis'teri]* = Keister’s 
valve. V. tricuspida'lis*, the right auriculo- 
vENTRicuLAR VALVE. V. vagi'nae, the hymen. 
V. ve'nae ca'vae [inferio'ris, Eusta'chii]* = eusta¬ 
chian VALVE. V. vestib'uli sinis'tra, one of two 
thin folds bordering the opening of the venous 
sinus reunions into the right auricle of the embry¬ 
onic heart. It disappears, but the other fold 
becomes the eustachian and thebesian valves, 
val'vu-lae, gen. valvula'rum. Plural of valvula*. 
val'vu-lar. Pertaining to a valve; resembling or 
affecting a valve. V. disease, disease of any of 
the valves of the heart. V. murmur, a heart* 
murmur due to lesion of a valve. V. plate, a 
valve*like fold closing the foramen ovale in the 
embryo of the fourth month, and permitting the 
flow of blood from the right to the left auricle. 
V. sinuses = Valsalva’s sinuses. 
val'vu-la-tome. An instrument for experimental 
injury of a heart valve, 
val'vule. A little valve; valvula*. 
val-vu-li'tis. Inflammation of a valve, especially a 
valve of the heart. 

val'vu-lus spira'lis heis'teri. = Keister’s valve. 
val'yl. A compound of valeric acid and diethyl- 
amine, acting like valerian and oxidizing on ex¬ 
posure to air. Dose, 0.125 (- grs.). 

val'y-lene. An oily substance, CgKg, having a 
garlicky odor; pentone. 
val'zin. =Sucrol. 

vam'pir-ism. The delusion that blood is sucked 
from a person at night. 


van Best’s operation. Subcutaneous suturing of 
the inguinal rings for the radical cure of hernia, 
van Bu'ren’s disease. Chronic circumscribed in¬ 
flammation of the corpora cavernosa penis. V. 
B.’s lamp, a form of lamp used in mercurial 
fumigation. V. B.’s operation, the application of 
the Paquelin cautery for prolapse of the anus, 
van Deen’s test. A test for the presence of blood 
in urine, made by treating with 2 Cc. of tincture 
of guaiac and 2 Cc. of old turpentine, and shak¬ 
ing, when a blue color will be formed, 
van der Kolk’s law. The law that the sensory 
fibres of a mixed nerve are distributed to the 
parts moved by the muscles which are stimu¬ 
lated by the motor fibres of the same nerve, 
van der Vel'den’s test. A test for free hydrochloric 
acid in the gastric juice, made by adding a solu¬ 
tion of methylene blue, which will be turned 
from violet to blue or green; Maly’s test, 
van Har'ling-en’s formula. A mixture of i dr. of 
precipitated sulphur, 5 grs. of powdered camphor, 
10 grs. of powdered gum tragacanth, and i oz. 
each of lime water and rose water; used in treat¬ 
ing acne rosacea. 

van Hook’s operation. = Uretero»ureteros- 

TOMY. 

van She'ring’s plane. A craniometrical plane tan¬ 
gent to the lower edge of the orbit and passing 
through the auricular points; horizontal plane of 
van Shering. 

van Swie'ten’s solution. Solution of i part of mer¬ 
curic chloride in 1000 parts of 10% alcohol, 
van'a-din. A proprietary antiseptic: said to con¬ 
tain vanadium and sodium chlorate, 
va-na'dium. A rare metallic element: sp. gr., 5.5; 
at. wt., 51.2; symb., V. (^Elements, table 
OF. tvan'a-date, va-nad'i ate, a salt of va-nad'- 
ic acid, K3VO4, which also occurs in the meta* 
and pyro» forms, KVO, and K4V2O7 respectively, 
van-a-dif'e-rous. va-na'di ous; van'a-dous. 
Vance’s chil'blain cream. A mixture of ointment 
of mercuric nitrate, i oz.; camphor, 60 grs.; oil 
of turpentine, 2 fl. drs.; and olive oil, 4 fl. drs. 
Vandel'li a. A genus of scrophulariaceous herbs. 
V. diffu'sa, a native of Brazil and Guiana, is 
emetic and purgative, and is used as a remedy 
for fever and diseases of the liver. [< Vandelli, 
an Italian botanist.] 

Van'der-vel-de’s serum. i. Sodium glycerophos¬ 
phate and sodium chloride, 3 Gm., each; watel 
1000 Cc. 2. Sodium chloride, potassium chloride 
and sodium phosphate, 3 Gm., each; sodium car¬ 
bonate, 2.5 Gm.; potassium sulphate, 2 Gm.; and 
water to 100 Cc. [Tf G. ’07.] 

Vanil'la*. i. A genus of orchidaceous climbing 
plants, of which V". planifo'lia furnishes vanilla. 
2. The U. S. P. title of the cured, fulDgrown, but 
immature fruit of V. planifo'lia, used as a flavor¬ 
ing, and in medicine in doses of i Gm. (15 grs.). 
The flavor is due to a form of fermentation in¬ 
duced by bacteria. i^Tinctura vanilla*. V, 
plant = Liatris odoratissima. 
va-nil'lic acid. A white, crystalline substance, 
CgKgO^, formed by oxidizing vanillin; methyl- 
protocatechuic acid. 

va-nil'lin. = Vanillinum*. ^ Phloroglucin* 
VANILLIN. V. alcohol, a colorless, crystalline 
substance, CgKjgO,,'formed by treating a solution 
of vanillin with sodium amalgam. V.sparaphe- 
netidin, a condensationsproduct of vanillin and 
paraphenetidin : hypnotic, styptic, and antineu- 
ralgic. Dose, 1.5 to 2 Gm. (24 to 30 grs.). 


VANILLINUM 


1063 


VARIOLA 


va-nil-li'num*. Vanillin, CgHgOj, an aromatic, 
colorless, crystalline substance, occurring natu¬ 
rally in vanilla, or made artificially from several 
orthodihydroxybenzene derivatives, as by the 
oxidation of coniferin; methylprotocatechuic al¬ 
dehyde. It is stimulant, tonic, and aphrodisiac. 
Dose, 0.03 Gm. gr.). 

va-nil'lism. Pruritus, coryza, conjunctivitis, and a 
feeling of malaise sometimes seen in those who 
handle vanilla. 

va-nil'lons. Wild or uncultivated vanilla«pods, used 
in the manufacture of sachet*powders, 
van'o-line. A proprietary remedy for skin diseases, 
van’t HofPs law. The law that if the molecules of 
a substance are of the same size when in the 
form of a gas and when in solution, then it will 
dissolve according to its gaseous pressure. V.’t 
H.’s solution, a solution composed of sodium 
chloride, 100.2; magnesium chloride, 7.8; mag¬ 
nesium sulphate, 2.8; potassium chloride, 2.2; 
and calcium chloride, 2. [Jacobus Hendricus I’an’/ 
Hoff, Dutch chemist, 1852-1911.] 
va'o. A South American arrow»poison, probably 
a diluted corroval. 

va-posau'ral massage. Massage of the ear with 
water*vapor. 

va’po-cau-ter-i-za'tion. Cauterization by means of 
steam or other hot vapors, 
va-po-cres'o-lin. A proprietary preparation for the 
treatment of diphtheria. 

va-po-med'i-ca-tor. An instrument for applying 
vapors locally. 

va'por, gen. vapo'ris. i. A term applied to any 
elastic fluid into which a liquid or a solid is con¬ 
verted by heat, resuming the fluid or the solid 
state when cooled 2. A class of preparations, 
official in the B. P., in which certain bodies are 
volatilized by heat, the vapor being inhaled. 
V.sbath, r3- BATH. V.sdouche, a kind of vapor* 
bath; properly, a column of vapor directed to a 
particular part, Bath. V. massage, massage 
in which hot or cold vapors are employed. [L., 
“ steam.”] fvap-o-ra'ri um, va-po'ri um, a vapor* 
bath or an apparatus for giving treatment with 
vapors, va'por-ish. 

va*por-i-za'tion. i. The conversion of a fluid into 
vapor. 2. The internal cauterization of the ute¬ 
rus with heated vapors. Jva'por-ize. 
va'por-i-zer. = Atomizer. 

va'po-role. An easily broken glass capsule for con¬ 
taining volatile bodies to be used in emergencies, 
va'pors, va'pours. Hypochondriasis, depression of 
spirits, melancholy, hysteria. 

Vaques’s, Vaquez’s disease (va-c6z). Chronic poly- 
cythaemia and cyanosis with enlarged spleen. 
va*ri-a-bil'i-ty. Change in the structure or func¬ 
tion of an organism or an organ due to the influ¬ 
ence of environment, Mendel’s law. 
va-ri-a'tion. The difference between an individual 
and the norm or type. Deviation. 
var'i-ca-ted. Marked by varices, 
var-i-ca'tion. i. The development of a varix. 2. 
A varicose condition. 

vrar-i-cel'la. Chicken*pox, an infectious febrile dis¬ 
ease, usually of childhood, characterized by an 
eruption of smooth, transparent, lentil*shaped, 
or irregular circular vesicles, which dry up and 
often result in shallow pitted scars. It begins 
with malaise, chilliness, and moderate fever. It 
lasts only a few days, and runs a mild course. 
Vl conifor'mis, Conoidal v., varicella marked by 
conical vesicles; swine*pox. V. gangraeno'sa. 


varicella in which the eruption develops into a 
gangrenous ulceration. V. globa'ta, a variety in 
which the vesicles are globular. V. pruri'go, an 
itching papular, vesicular, or pustular eruption 
accompanying varicella or vaccination. Pustu¬ 
lar v., varioloid. V. S5rphilit'ica, a syphiloderm 
resembling the eruption of varicella. [L., dim. 
of vari'ola smallpox.] fvar-i-cel'lar, pertaining 
or relating to varicella, as V. fever, i. A fever 
attending the eruption in chicken*pox. 2. Vario¬ 
loid fever, var-i-cel'late, marked by small varices, 
var-i-cel'li-form, var-i-cel'loid, resembling vari¬ 
cella, as V. smallpox — varioloid and V. syph- 
ilide, ^SYPHiLiDE. 
var'i-ces. PI. of varix. 
var'i-ci-form. Resembling a varix. 
var-i-co-bleph'a-ron. A varicose tumor of the eyelid, 
var'i-co-cele. Enlargement of the veins of the 
scrotum and the spermatic cord; hernia varicosa. 
Ovarian v., a varicose state of the veins of the 
broad ligament. Uterosovarian v., a varicose con¬ 
dition of the veins of the pampiniform plexus of 
the female. [< 'L. va'rix+KrjTirj tvard- 

co-ce-lec'to-my, the excision of a portion of the 
scrotum with the varicose veins in varicocele, 
var'i-coid. Resembling a varix. 
var'ic-ole. = Varicocele. 

var-i-com'pha-lus. A varicose tumor at the navel, 
var'i-cose. Unnaturally dilated; relating to a varix. 
V. aneurism = ANEURiSMAL varix. V. angioma, 
an angioma composed of engorged and dilated 
capillaries. V. fibres, the medullated axis*cylin- 
ders, having Ranvier’s nodes and incisures, which 
constitute the white nerve*tissue of the brain and 
the spinal cord. V. hernia = cirsocele. V. lym¬ 
phatics, dilated lymphatic vessels. V. ophthalmia, 
ophthalmia attended with a varicose state of the 
conjunctival veins. V. phlebitis, inflammation of 
a varicose vein. V. stocking, a stocking of elastic 
material for making uniform pressure on varicose 
veins. V. symptomcomplex, phlebectasia, Stau- 
ungsdermatose, and ulcus cruris. V. ulcer, an 
ulcer connected with a varicose state of the veins. 
V. vein = varix. 

var-i-co'sis. A varicose condition of the veins, 
var-i-cos'i-ty. i. A varicose condition of the veins 
varicosis. Phlebectasia. 2. A varicose vein; 
a varix, 3. One of the minute spherical or fusi¬ 
form enlargements often present on non*medul- 
lated nerve*fibres and naked axis*cylinders. 
var-i-cot'o-my. Excision of a varicose vein; cirsot- 
omy. [ < L. va'rtx varix + to pi] cutting.] 
va-ric'u-la. A varicose state of the conjvmctiva; 

conjunctival varix, Cirsophthalmia. 
va'ri-e-ga-ted. Of or pertaining to spotted dis¬ 
colorations composed of normal skin pigment, 
variety. A taxonomic division of a species, 
va-ri'o-la. Smallpox; an acute infectious fever, 
characterized by an eruption which is succes¬ 
sively papular, vesicular, and pustular. The on¬ 
set of smallpox is sudden, and is attended with 
severe rigor, high fever, vomiting, acute constipa¬ 
tion, violent headache and backache. On the 
third or fourth day the symptoms usually abate, 
and the shot*like eruption appears upon the fore¬ 
head, spreading over the face and to the body, 
which becomes completely covered. The erup¬ 
tion changes into papules and then into vesicles, 
which increase in size and are distinctly umbili- 
cated (t^ Grisolle’s sign). The period of suppu¬ 
ration begins on the seventh or eighth day. Dur¬ 
ing it the vesicles become swollen pustules, and 


VARIOLAD 


1064 


VASA 


may either remain distinct from one another 
{Discrete smallpox), nm together (Confluent 
smallpox), or, though at first distinct, finally 
come together and join at the edges (Coherent 
smallpox). As soon as these papules form, the 
fever increases (Secondary fever) , and is attended 
with chills; headache is usually present, and the 
sleep is very unquiet. The stage of desiccation 
begins about the eleventh day, with abatement 
of the fever and breaking and drying up of the 
pustules, which form scabs. The scabs fall off, 
leaving cicatricial pits, Vaccine; vaccina¬ 
tion. The inoculation of smallpox was intro¬ 
duced into England by Lady Mary Wortley 
Montagu in 1721, but was used earlier in South 
Wales where it was known as “ buying the small¬ 
pox.” V. con'fluens, confluent smallpox, a severe 
form of variola, in which the pustules run to¬ 
gether, or when the papules are of small size and 
closely set together. V. cur'ta, shortened small¬ 
pox, varioloid. V. discre'ta, variola in which the 
pustules remain distinct. V. equi'na, horse^pox, 
a contagious febrile disease of horses, with an 
eruption in the vicinity of the pastemsjoint, 
communicable to man and of the nature of cow* 
pox. V. haemorrha'gica, variola with hemorrhage 
from the mouth, from the bowels, or into the 
vesicles. V. inser'ta, variola caused by inocula¬ 
tion. V. malig'na, malignant smallpox, a severe 
form, usually of the hemorrhagic type. V. mit- 
iga^ta, varioloid. V. ovi'na, sheep*pox, a dis¬ 
ease of sheep, closely resembling cow*pox. V. 
vacci'na atroph'ica, vaccinia in which a wart*like 
scab forms and no scar results. V. vacci'na hul¬ 
lo' sa, vaccinia in which bullae form at the point 
of vaccination. V. vacci'na erysipelato'sa, vac¬ 
cinia in which erysipelas occurs at the point of 
vaccination. V. verruco'sa, wart*pox, a variety 
in which the eruption does not pass beyond the 
papular stage. [< L. va'rius variegated, spotted.] 
fva-ri'o-lar; va-ri'o-late; va'ri-o-la-ted. 
va-ri'o-lad. An infectious element of variola, 
va-ri-ol'a-rin. A crystalline, bitter principle from 
Variola'ria ama'ra, a European febrifuge lichen, 
va’ri-o-la'tion, va*ri-o-li-za'tion. Inoculation with 
smallpox; especially by the obsolete method of 
exposing children to smallpox or inoculating 
them directly. Vaccination. Bovine v., inoc¬ 
ulation of a cow with smallpox virus in order to 
obtain vaccine virus from the resulting eruption, 
va'ri-o-la-tor. One who practises inoculation with 
virus of variola. 

va-ri-ol'ic, va-ri'o-li-form. Of the nature or ap¬ 
pearance of variola. 

va'ri-o-lin. The contagious element of smallpox, 
va-ri-o-li'num. A homoeopathic preparation of 
smallpox virus. 

va'ri-o-loid. A common term for smallpox modi¬ 
fied by previous vaccination, inoculation, or a 
former attack; it is milder than the typical dis¬ 
ease, but may give rise to it in those exposed. 
V. fever, a fever occurring in cases of varioloid 
in which there is no eruption. V. oesophagitis, a 
pustular eruption on the mucous membrane of 
the oesophagus. 

vaTi-o-lo'is, pi. variolo'ides. Latin for varioloid. 
va-ri'o-lous. Relating to smallpox; of the nature 
of smallpox, as V. lymph. 

va-ri‘o-lo-vac'cine. Vaccine virus from a cow inoc¬ 
ulated with smallpox virus, 
va-ri’o-lo-vac-cin'i a. Vaccinia in the cow, caused 
by inoculation with smallpox virus. 




varisse (va-ris). A lump on the inside of the hind 
leg of a horse. 

va'rix. A dilatation of a vein. Arterial v., a vari¬ 
cose artery. V. cirsoi'des, a swelling due to the 
dilatation of a convolution of many veins. V. 
gelatino'sa, a gelatinous accumulation in the um¬ 
bilical cord. V. lymphat'icus, a varicose state of 
the lymphatic ves- 



A. Aneurismal varix. B. Ar¬ 
teriovenous aneurism. 


sels, as in lymph 
scrotum. V. sim'- 
plex, a single large 
venous dilatation. 

var'nish. A solution 
of a resin with the 
property of drying 
quickly: used to pro¬ 
tect wounds from 
the air. 

Va-ro'li’s Va-ro'li us’s 
(va-ro'li an) bend. 

The forward growth 
of the ventral side 

of the hind*gut. V.’s bridge = pons varolii 
valve = ILEOCECAL VALVE. 

Var-o'lii pons. = Pons varolii. 

va'rus. I. A spot or pimple on the face. iS" Acne. 
2. Crooked; bowed in: as, genu varum, talipes 
varus. V. come'do, V. puncta'tus = Acne punc¬ 
tata. 1^ Comedo. 

vas*, gen. va'sis, pi. va'sa. A Latin word signifying 
any kind of vessel: applied in anatomy to mem¬ 
branous canals or tubes through which the fluids 
of the body are conveyed, as arteries, veins, etc. 

Vasa. V. aber'rans. i. = Aberrant duct. 
One of the aberrant ducts of the liver. 3. 


V.’s 


2. 


Any anomalous vessel, especially one connecting 
the brachial artery with one of the arteries of the 
forearm. V. aber'rans hal'leri, V. aberrans of 
Haller, a long, narrow tube, coiled into an elon¬ 
gated lobe, lying along the lower part of the epidi¬ 
dymis. It opens into the epididymial canal. 
V. def'erens, a continuation of the epididymis, 
forming the duct which conveys the semen 
secreted in the testicle into the ejaculatory duct; 
the seminal duct. V. def'erens muli'eris, “ vas 
deferens of woman,” one of the fallopian tubes. 
V. prom'inens, a spiral blood*vessel on the acces¬ 
sory spiral ligament of the cochlea. V. spira'le, 
a small blood*vessel on the under side of the 
BASILAR MEMBRANE. V. uiina'rium, the ureter, 
va'sa, gen. vaso'rum. PI. of vas. V. aberran'tia. 
I. Anomalous unnamed vessels, especially the 
arteries connecting those of the upper arm and 
the forearm. 2. Biliary ducts upon and in the 
vicinity of the liver, unconnected with hepatic 
lobules. 3. Convoluted tubes connected with the 
canal of the epididymis, believed to be relics of 
the mesonephric tubes. V. aberran'tia hep'atis*, 
aberrant vessels of the liver. V. afferen'tia*. 
vessels which convey blood to a part; the lym¬ 
phatics which enter a lymphatic gland. V. au'ris 
inter'nae*, vessels of the internal ear. V. bre'via, 
short vessels, the small branches of the splenic 
artery which anastomose with others of the 
gastric artery and are distributed on the greater 
curvature of the stomach. V. capreola'ria, ten- 
drilslike vessels, the spermatic vessels. V. centra'- 
lia, the central vessels of the retina. V. chylif'era, 
LACTEAL. V. deferen'tia, m- vas deferens. 
V. efferen'tia*. i. Vessels which carry the blood 
away from a part or lymph from a gland. 2. 
Veins which pass out from a glomerulus of the 





VASACA 


1065 


VASOMOTOR 


kidney. 3. The continuations of the seminiferous 
canals directly connecting the testicle with the 
canal of the epididymis. V. graafia'na = v. 
EFFERENTiA*. V, inferen'tia = V. afferentia*. 
V. intesti'ni ten'uis, branches of the superior 
mesenteric artery distributed to the small in¬ 
testine. V. lac'tea = lacteals. V. lymphat'ica* 
= LYMPHATIC VESSELS. V. rcc'ta. I. The Straight 
bloodsvessels coursing within the medullary por¬ 
tion or collecting tubes of the kidney. 2. The 
straight tubules contained within the testicle 
near the mediastinum. V. sanguin'ea integu- 
men'ti commu'nis*, the blood=vessels of the ex¬ 
ternal skin. V. sanguin'ea ret'inae*, blood-ves¬ 
sels of the retina. V. sero'sa, serous canaliculi. 
V. vaso'mm, vessels of the vessels, the very minute 
arteries and veins in the walls of larger vessels. 
V. vortico'sa, the venae vorticosae. 
vas'a-ca. =>=Adhatoda. 
va'sal. Relating to a vas or vessel, 
va-sa'li um. Tissue in a closed or vascular cavity, 
vas'cu-la serpenti'na. =Tubuli seminiferi. 
vas'cu-lar. Having, or relating to, vessels; full of 
vessels. V. arches = visceral arches. V. area 
= AREA VASCULOSA. V. cake, the placenta. V. 
canals = HAVERSIAN CANALS. V. Centres = VASO¬ 
MOTOR CENTRES. V. circle of the mouth, the cir¬ 
cle formed by the coronary vessels about the 
mouth. V. coat of the eyeball, the chorioid or 
middle coat of the eye; the uveal tract; tunica 
vasculosa oculi^T V. deafness, defective hearing 
due to an impaired condition of the blood-vessels 
of the auditory apparatus. V. fibres, vasomotor 
fibres. V. funnel, the depression at the centre of 
the optic disk. V. glands, organs such as the 
spleen, thymus, suprarenal body, and thyroid, 
having an abundant supply of blood-vessels and 
supposed to have a haematopoietic influence. V. 
glomerulus, the plexus of capillary vessels in the 
malpighian tuft. V. keratitis, a vascular state of 
the superficial surface of the cornea, as in pan- 
nus. V. kinesioneurosis, an angioneurosis. 
Kinesioneurosis. V. lamella, the inner vascular 
layer of the chorion; the endochorion. V. lesion, 
a lesion of any part of the vascular system. V. 
membrane, the choroid coat of the eye. V. mur¬ 
mur, a murmur heard in the blood-vessels. V. 
myxoma, a myxoma containing many blood-ves¬ 
sels, causing it to resemble an angioma. V. naevus, 
a naevus involving the vascular tissue of the 
skin. V. neurosis, a disease of the nerves of 
blood-vessels, or a disease of the blood-vessels of 
nervous origin. V. papillae, papillae of the skin 
which contain capillary loops but no tactile cor¬ 
puscles. V. polypus, an angioma. V. rete, a vas¬ 
cular membrane forming part of a supposed en¬ 
velope of the meconium of the foetus. V. sclero¬ 
sis =arteriocapillary FIBROSIS. V. sedative, 
a medicine having a sedative effect on the blood¬ 
vessels, such as aconite, antimony, chloroform, 
tobacco, veratrum viride, etc. V. stimulant, 
STIMULANT. V. substance of the kidney, the cor¬ 
tical substance. V. system, the arteries, capil¬ 
laries, and veins: more properly called blood^vas- 
cular system, V. tissue, i. Any tissue abundantly 
supplied with blood-vessels. 2. Vasalium. 
V. tonic, a medicine which produces contraction 
of the small blood-vessels. V. tree, the tree-like 
branching of the blood-vessels when removed 
from the body. V. tumor, i. Angioma. 2. 
A tumor made up of a mass of dilated terminal 
blood-vessels. 


vas-cu-lar'i-ty. The state of being vascular, 
vas'cu-lar-i-za'tion. The act or process of becom¬ 
ing vascular, as in neoplasms, thrombi, etc., or 
furnished with new blood-vessels, 
vas'cu-la-rize. To distribute vessels to, especially 
newly developed vessels, 
vas'cu-lin. Extract of vascular tissue, 
vas-cu-li'tis. A general term for inflammation of a 
vessel, including both arteritis and phlebitis. 
vas‘cu-lo-mo'tor. = Vasomotor. 
vas'cu-lose, vas-cu-lo'sus. Vascular; full of vessels, 
vas'cu-lum. A little vessel. V. aber'rans = vas 
ABERRAN s. [L. dim. of vas vessel.] 
va-sec'to-my. The surgical removal of the vas def¬ 
erens, as for prostatic hypertrophy, 
vas'e-line. A trade name for a product similar to 
PETROLATUM*. Liquid v., petrolatum liq- 
UIDUM*. 

vas'i-cine. An antiseptic alkaloid said to be found 
in Adhato'da vas'tea, an Indian plant, 
vas-i-fac'tive. Forming new blood-vessels or vas¬ 
cular tissue. V. cell, a cell of the embryo and of 
certain new growths: takes part in the formation 
of blood-vessels. 

vas'i-form. Having the appearance of a vessel, 
vas'o-. Pertaining to a vessel; angio-: a combin¬ 
ing form. [< L. 7;a5 vessel.] vas‘o-con-stric'tion, 
constriction of the blood-vessels, "fvas'o-con- 
stric'tive, vas*o-con-stric'tor, as V. nerves, vaso¬ 
motor nerves which cause constriction of the 
blood-vessels.— vas'0-co-ro'na,the arterial system 
of the periphery of the spinal cord.— vas-o-den'- 
tin, dentin in which there are blood-vessels, 
t vas-o-den'ti-nal. — vas-o-di-la'tor, concerned 
with dilatation of the blood-vessels, as V. centre, a 
centre supposed to exist in the medulla oblongata, 
which produces dilatation of the blood-vessels: 
and V. nerves, vasomotor nerves which control 
dilatation of the blood-vessels. tvas‘o-di-la-ta'- 
tion.— vas-o-fac'tive, vas-o-for'ma-tive = vasi- 
FACTi V E. tvas*o-for-ma'tion.— vas-o-gan'gli on, 
a closely aggregated collection of blood-vessels. 
— vas*o-hy-per-ton'ic nerves = vasoconstrictor 
nerves. — vas*o-hy-po-ton'ic nerves = vasodila¬ 
tor NERVES. [< L. vas vessel + Gr vnu under 
+ Tfh£iv to stretch.] vas'osin-hib'i-tor, vas'osin- 
hib'i-to-ry, hindering the action of the vasomotor 
nerves, as V. nerves = vasovilator nerves. — 
vas-o-mo'tor, vas-o-mo'to-ry, see entry in vocab¬ 
ulary place at end of this list.— vas-o-par'e-sis, 
paresis of vasomotor nerves.— vas-o-sec'tion, sec¬ 
tion of the vasa deferentia.— vas-o-sen'so-ry, both 
vasomotor and sensory, as of a nerve.— vas- 
o-spas'tic == ANGIOSPASTIC. — vas-o-ton'ic centre, 
a vasomotor nerve-centre said to exist in the 
optic thalami.— vas'o-tribe = angiotribe. 
vas'o-gen, vas'o-gene. A proprietary oxygenated 

PETROLATUM*. 

vas-o-mo'torj vas-o-mo'to-ry, vas'o-mo-to'ri al. r. 

Causing vasoconstriction or vasodilatation. 2. A 
drug having this effect; a vasomotor stimulant. 
V. ataxia, a condition of the circulatory appa¬ 
ratus characterized by pathological paresis or 
spasm of the blood-vessels. Stigmata, blanch¬ 
ing of the skin, disturbed action of the heart, and 
hemorrhages are common symptoms. V. aura, 
redness or pallor preceding an attack of epilepsy. 
V. bronchitis, cr asthma. V. centres, centres in 
the spinal cord and the medulla which are be¬ 
lieved to control contraction and dilatation of 
the blood-vessels. V. coryza, nasal catarrh; 
hay fever. V. epilepsy, epilepsy in which the 


VASOVAGAL ATTACKS 


1066 


VEIN 


arterial spasms in the face and extremities are 
especially marked and noticeable before actual 
convulsions set in. V. inhibition, the influence 
of inhibitory nerves on the walls of blood*vessels, 
causing dilatation. V. nerves, the nerves which 
cause the contraction and relaxation of the mus¬ 
cular fibres of the vessels to which they lead. V. 
neurosis, disease of the vasomotor nerves. V. 
paralysis, paralysis of vasomotor centres or vaso¬ 
motor nerves, causing dilatation of the blood* 
vessels. V. rhinitis, hay fever. V. spasm, spasm 
of the middle coat of the bloodsvessels. V. stim¬ 
ulant, VASOMOTOR, def. 2. [< L. vas vessel 

-1- move're, mo'ium to move.] fvas-o-mo'tion, 
change in the calibre of a blood*vessel. vas*o- 
mo-tric'i-ty, vasomotor responsiveness, 
va-so-va'gal attacks. Sensory visceral seizures due 
to disturbed vagus action. (Gowers.) 
vas'tus. A term applied to two portions of the 
QUADRICEPS EXTENSOR FEMORIS. V. CXter'nUS, a 
muscle arising from the great trochanter and the 
outer lip of the linea aspera, forming a portion 
of the quadriceps extensor cruris; V. lateralis*. 
V. inter'nus, a muscle arising from the smaller 
trochanter and inner lip of the linea aspera and 
forming a portion of the quadriceps extensor 
cruris; V. medialis*. [L., “ large ” or “ vast.”] 
va'sum. = Vas*. [L.] 

Vater’s ampulla (fa'terz). The dilated portion of 
the common bile*duct after receiving the pancre¬ 
atic duct. V.’s bodies or corpuscles = Pacini’s 
CORPUSCLES, v.’s diverticulum = V.’s ampulla. 
V.’s fold, a fold of mucous membrane of the duo¬ 
denum just above the ampulla of Vater. 
va'terspa-cin'i an corpuscles. = Pacini’s corpus¬ 
cles. 

vat'rax, vat'ri-cose. Club*footed. 

Vaughan and Novy’s test (von, no'vtz). A yellow 
or orange*red test for tyrotoxicon with sulphuric 
acid and carbolic acid. 

vault. A term applied by anatomists to several 
parts that are arched, or concave beneath, as 
the palatine vault, or roof of the mouth, the arched 
upper portion of the skull, or the upper portion 
of the vagina: fornix*, fvault'ed, as V. convolu¬ 
tion = GYRUS FORNICATUS*. 
vauqueline (v6c-lin). = Strychnine. Hh. ’09.] 
veal'sskin. A disease of the skin marked by the 
formation of white, shining tubercles on the face, 
neck, and ears. ^ Vitiligo. 
ve-cor'di a. Insanity; idiocy. 

vec'tis. The lever. In obstetrics, an instrument 
resembling one blade of an obstetrical forceps, 
for making traction upon the head of the foetus 
in retarded labor. [<L. ve'here to carry.] 
vec'tor. A carrier, especially an intermediate host 
of a human parasite. V. canal, an oviduct, 
veg'e-ta-ble. i. Relating to, or derived from, plants. 
2. A plant. V. acid, an acid derived from some 
plant. V. albumin, albumin from plants. V. 
.^thiops, charcoal made from Fu'cus vesiculo'sus, 
containing iodine, and sometimes employed when 
the latter is indicated. V. albumose, phytalbu- 
mose. V. alkali, i. An alkaloid. 2. A mixture 
of potash and potassium carbonate. V. anatomy, 
the anatomy of plants. V. base, an alkaloid. V. 
bezoar = calappite. V. brimstone = lycopo¬ 
dium*, def. 2. V. calomel, the mandrake, Podo- 
phyVlum pelta'tunt. V. casein, a proteid resem¬ 
bling casein, found in gluten. V. cathartic pills 
= PILULiE CATHARTICiE VEGETABILES*. V. chaT- 
coal = CARBO LiGNi*. V. coUc, intestinal colic 


caused by eating green fruit and vegetables. V. 
gelatin = gliadin. V. globulin, any proteid simi¬ 
lar to the globulins obtained from the seeds of 
plants; crystalline globulin. V. gum, bassorin. 
V. haematin = aspergillin. V. histology, his¬ 
tology. V. jelly, pectin. V. mercury = manaca. 
V. optic, quinine iodosulphate. V. parchment, a 
parchment*like paper made by treating unsized 
paper with 66% sulphuric acid and washing with 
water and weak ammonia. V. pathology, pa¬ 
thology of plants. V. pepsin = PAPAIN. V. proteid, 
a proteid found in vegetable tissue, ts- Legumin ; 
GLUTEN. V. sponge, luffa. V. sugar = gliadin. 
V. sulphur = LYCOPODIUM*, def. 2. V. wax, a 
substance, resembling beeswax, obtained from 
various plants: as, Myr'ica cerif'era (wax myrtle), 
Coperni'cia cerif'era (Camauba palm), and Rhus 
succeda'nea, a species of Japanese sumach, 
veg'e-tal functions. The series of vital phenomena 
common to plants and animals, such as digestion, 
secretion, growth, generation, etc., as distinguished 
from volition and sensation, fveg-e-tal'i-ty. 
veg-e-ta'ri-an-ism. i. The exclusive use of a veg¬ 
etable diet. 2. Abstention from meat and fowl 
only; eggs, milk, butter, etc., also fish, being al¬ 
lowable. Jveg-e-ta'ri an. 

veg-e-ta'tion. A fungoid excrescence, .such as a 
polypus, papilloma, or endocarditic growth. Ade¬ 
noid V., ADENOID. Globular v. of the heart, 
coagulation in the heart, usually in the form of 
small tumors showing central disintegration, 
veg'e-ta-tive. Capable of growing; relating to 
growth or nutrition: in anatomy, applied to 
organs, tissues, etc., which contribute to nutri¬ 
tion, development, and reproduction, but have 
no properties of animal life. V. life, life which 
manifests the vegetal functions only. V. muscle, 
nonsstriated or involuntary muscle*fibre. V. 
pole, that pole of an ovum which contains the 
food*yolk or nutritive part, 
veg'e-tosarka-li. An alkaloid. 

veg’e-tosan'i-mal. Derived from both vegetable 
and animal tissues. V. matter, vegetable gluten 
and albumen. 

ve'hi-cle. i. A carriage; a medium. Air is the 
vehicle of sound. 2. In pharmacy, the substance 
which furnishes the bulk of the medicine in which 
the active agent is given. Excipient. 

Veiel’s paste (vaiVlz). A paste containing equal 
parts of vaseline and zinc oxide and 4% of boric 
acid: used for application to boils, 
veil. = Velum*. V. of the palate, the soft palate, 
vein. A tube conveying blood from the various 
tissues of the body to the heart; vena*. The 
walls of a vein consist of three coats or layers: 
an inner or serous coat {tunica intima *), made up 
of flat endothelial cells upon a basement of con¬ 
nective tissue and elastic fibres; a middle coat 
{tunica media*), made up of connective and elas¬ 
tic tissues and muscular fibres; and an outer or 
fibrous coat {tunica externa [adventitia]*), made 
up of connective and elastic tissues and some¬ 
times muscular fibres. There are two systems of 
veins, a systemic, comprising the veins which 
carry venous blood from the tissues to the right 
auricle of the heart, and a pulmonary, comprising 
the veins which carry the oxygenated blood from 
the lungs to the left auricle. In this dictionary 
the individual veins are for the most part entered 
under the adjectival title, as pulmonary vein, 
under pulmonary, but see also under vena*. 
V.sblood, venous blood. V.spatterns, the visible 



VEIT’S OPERATION 


1067 


VENEREAL 


form that the superfiqial veins assume, as upon the 
back of the hand: suggested by Tamassia as a 
method of identification, ts- Bertillon’s system. 

Father Mother Child 


Vein-patterns of Back of Hand. 

V.sstone = PHLEBOLiTE. [ < L. fveined. 

vein'less, without veins, vein'let = venula*. 
Veit’s operation. Embryotomy in which the foetus 
is eviscerated and traction made on the arm and 
the breech, so as to extract it doubled up. 
ye-la'men. A covering; a velum. V. vul'vaB = 
PUDENDAL APRON. [L., “ veil.”] fvel-a-men'tous, 
as V. insertion, or placenta, the attachment of the 
umbilical cord to the edge of the placenta, vel- 
a-men'tum, a covering, as V. abdomina'le, the 
peritoneum, vel-a-men'ta, coverings, as V. bom- 
byci'na, villous membranes; V. cerebra'lia, the 
cerebral meninges; V. infan'tis, the fetal mem¬ 
branes; V. /tn'gWiF, GLOSSOsEPlGLOTTIC FOLDS, 
ve'lar. Relating to a velum, esp. velum palati. 
Veldt or Veld sore. = Natal boil. 
vel'la-rin. An oily substance said to be the active 
principle of pennywort, Hydrocot'yle asiat'ica. 
Vel'la’s fistula. An artificial fistula made by divid¬ 
ing the intestine in two places and suturing both 
ends of the isolated piece to the abdominal wall. 
It is made in order to secure pure intestinal juice, 
vel'li-cate. To twitch, fvel-li-ca'tion. 
vel-le'i-ty. Moderate desire, 
vel-lo'sin. An alkaloid from Geissosper'mum. 
ve-lo-syn'the-sis. Plastic reconstruction of the ve¬ 
lum palati. 

Velpeau’s apparatus or bandage (vri-p6z). i. An 
immovable bandage 
made of card^board 
stiffened with dextrin. 

2. A bandage used in 
the treatment of frac¬ 
tures of the clavicle 
and the acromion. 

V.’s diarrhoea mix¬ 
ture, a mixture of 
equal volumes of tinc¬ 
ture of opium, com¬ 
pound tincture of 
catechu, and spirit of 
camphor. V.’s hernia, 
hernia in front of the 
femoral vessels. Velpeau’s Bandage. 

[A. A. L. M. Velpeau, 

French surgeon and gynaecologist, 1795-1867.] 
ve'lum*. A veil: applied to several objects like a 
veil, screen, or partition. V. confi'ne, the close 
reticulum formed by the branching of the outer 
processes of spongioblasts. V. interpos'itum, in¬ 
terposed veil, the delicate ventricular wall together 
with the invaginated portion of pia overhanging 
the third ventricle, on whose borders are the 
choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles; tela cho- 
rioidea ventriculi quarti*. V. medulla're ante'rius* 
= VIEUSSENS’S VALVE. V. mcdulla're poste'rius* 


or posti'cum, a thin, white, crescent^shaped lamina 
in front of the nodule of the vermis of the cerebel¬ 
lum, forming part of the roof of the fourth ventri¬ 
cle; valve of Tarinus; commissure of the flocculus. 
V. palati'num* or pen'dulum pala^ti, the posterior 
portion of the soft palate. V. pupil'l® = pupil¬ 
lary MEMBRANE. V. rubbcT, in dentistry, a soft 
and extremely pliable rubber to which heat has 
not been applied; flexible vulcanite: known after 
heating as V. vulcanite. V. semiluna're = V. 
MEDULLARE POSTERius*. V. taii'ni, the inferior 
MEDULLARY VELUM. V. teimina'le == lamina 
ciNEREA. V. triangula're=V. interpositum. V. 
vesi'cae urina'riae, the trigone of the bladder, 
ve'na*, pi. ve'nce. A vein. V. arterio'sa. i. The 
portal vein. 2. The pulmonary artery. V. az'ygos 
major, the large azygous vein. V. az'ygos par'va, 
the small azygous vein. V. az'ygos ter'tia, the 
upper left azygous or accessory hemiazygous 
vein. I®- Hemiazygous vein. V. basil'ica* = 
BASILIC VEIN. Ve'nae basivertebra'les* or ba'sis 
ver'tebrae, the veins from the body of a vertebra. 
V. ca'va infe'rior*, V. ca'va ascen'dens, the large 
venous trunk which extends from the articulation 
of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae to the 
right auricle of the heart and returns the blood 
from the abdomen and lower limbs. V. ca'va 
supe'rior*, V. ca'va descen'dens, the trunk which 
transmits the blood of the head, the neck, the 
superior extremities, and part of the thorax to 
the right auricle of the heart. Ve'nae ca'vae, lit¬ 
erally hollow veins, the two large terminating 
trunks of the veins divided into the vena cava 
superior and the vena cava inferior. V. cephal'- 
ica*, a vein upon the dorsum of the hand, be¬ 
tween the metacarpal bones of the index*finger 
and the thumb. Ve'nae com'ites, companion veins, 
the pair of veins which often accompany an artery. 
V. cor'poris stria'ti, a vein of the cerebrum formed 
by veins from the corpus striatum and the optic 
thalamus and emptying into the vein of Galen at 
the foramen of Monro. Ve'nae gale'ni = Galen’s 
VEINS. V. hemiaz'ygos* = hemiazygous vein. 
Ve'nae hepat'icae advehen'tes, branches of the 
omphalomesenteric vein carrying blood to the 
liver and developing into branches of the portal 
vein. Ve'nae hepat'icae revehen'tes, branches of 
the omphalomesenteric vein carrying blood from 
the liver to the heart and developing into the 
hepatic veins. Ve'nae innomina'tae, the innomi¬ 
nate veins. V. liena'lis, the splenic vein. Ve'nae 
min'imae cor'dis, numerous little veins of the 
heart opening on the inner surface of the right 
auricle; thebesian veins. V. por'tae*, the portal 
vein. V. salvatel'la, the vein of the little finger. 
Ve'nae stella'tae, the star^shaped plexus of veins 
beneath the capsule of the kidney and forming 
the beginning of the interlobular veins: stellulae 
verheyeni; stars of Verheyen; stellate veins. 
Ve'nae thebe'sii =VEN.E MiNiMiE cordis. Ve'nae 
vortico'sae*, the stellate veins of the choroid, 
ve-nae-sec'ti o. = Venesection. 
ve-na-li-za'tion. Becoming venous. 
ve-na'tion. Arrangement of veins, as in a leaf, 
ven-e-na'tion. The act of poisoning, or the result¬ 
ant condition. [ < L. venena're to poison.] fven'- 
e-nate, infected with poison. ven-e-nif'e-rouS| 
bearing poison, ven-e-nif'ic, forming poison, 
ven'e-nose, ven'e-nous. Poisonous. V. anthelmin¬ 
tic, an anthelmintic which poisons the worms, 
ve-ne're-al. i. Belonging to sexual intercourse, or 
venery. 2. An old term for syphilis. V. bubo, 





r 













VENEREOLOGY 


1068 


VENTRICOLUMN^ 


enlarged inguinal gland due to any venereal dis¬ 
ease. Bubo. V. carnosity. i. A cellular 
tumor of the skin due to syphilitic poison. 2. A 
syphilitic wart. V. catarrh, gonorrhoea. V. dis¬ 
ease, a general term for gonorrhoeal and chan¬ 
croidal as well as syphilitic affections, but more 
frequently applied to the latter, Syphilis. 
V. rheumatism, gonorrhoeal rheumatism. V. 
sore, a soft chancre or chancroid. V. ulcer, an 
ulcer resulting from venereal infection of any 
sort. V. wart = VERRUCA acuminata. 
ve-ne-re-ol'o-gy. The science of venereal diseases, 
ven'e-ry. Sexual intercourse. 

ven-e-sec'tion. The operation of opening a vein 
with a lancet; phlebotomy; a bleeding or blood= 
letting. V. bandage, a figure=of=8 bandage ap¬ 
plied about the elbow after venesection. [ < L. 
ve'na vein -f- seca're, sec'turn to cut.] 
ven-e-su'ture. The suturing of a vein. 

Ven'ice treacle. =Theriaca andromachi. V. 

turpentine = TEREBiNTHiNA veneta. 
ven'i-plex. A plexus of veins, 
ven-i-punc'ture. Surgical puncture of a vein, 
ven'om. Poison, especially, the poison secreted by 
certain animals, as poisonous serpents, spiders, 
wasps, etc. Lecithin acts as complement for 
many venoms, Toxolecithin. V. albumin, 
V. globulin, and V. peptone, albumin, globulin, 
and peptone found in snake venom. [ < L. vene'- 
num.] — fven'om-ized.— ven-o-mo-sal'i-va-ry, 
pertaining to both venom and saliva, as V. gland. 
— ven'om-ous, poisonous, applied to certain ani¬ 
mals, as snakes. 

ven-o-mo'tor. Constricting or dilating the veins, 
ve-no-scle-ro'sis. = Phlebosclerosis. 
ve'nose. Veiny; abounding in veins; having many 
branched veins. [< L. veno'sus, fr. ve'na vein.] 
ve-nos'i-ty. The condition of venous blood, 
ve'nous. Relating to the veins; contained in the 
veins, Phlebo-. V. absorption, absorption 
by the veins. V. angle, the angle between the 
right and left innominate veins. V. blood, a 
dark=colored liquid collected from every part of 
the system. It is subsequently exposed to the 
influence of the air in the lungs, and is converted 
into bright red arterial blood. It contains more 
carbonic acid and less oxygen than arterial blood. 
V. calculus == PHLEBOLiTE. V. Canal = ductus 
VENosus [Arantii]*. V. circulation, the circula¬ 
tion of blood through the veins. V. congestion, 
the engorgement of an organ with venous blood 
caused by interference with its return to the 
heart. V. duct = ductus venosus [Arantii]*. 
V. embolism, embolism. V. hemorrhage, bleed¬ 
ing from a vein. V. hum, a peculiar murmur 
heard on auscultation of the larger veins, espe¬ 
cially those of the neck and chest, in anaemia, 
and in cases of interference with the flow of the 
blood through those vessels. V. hyperaemia, 
superficial venous congestion. V. murmur = 
V. HUM. V. naevus = n^vus vascularis. V. 
oedema, oedema caused by venous obstruction or 
in which the fluid comes from the blood. V.pulse, 
pulsation in a vein, especially that in the jugular 
vein. V. radicles, the most minute veins continu¬ 
ous with the capillaries. V. side {of the heart), the 
right side of the heart, because the right auricle 
and ventricle receive the venous blood. V. sinus. 
I. An enlargement in the course of a vein, espe¬ 
cially at a point where several smaller veins 
empty into a larger trunk. 2. One of the large 
veins in the substance of the dura mater. V. 


stasis, STASIS. V. stigmata, varicose veins. 
V. system, the entire system of vessels which 
carry the blood from the various parts of the 
body back to the heart. V. thrombosis, throm¬ 
bosis. V. transfusion, transfusion into a vein, 
vent. An opening or outlet: especially, the open¬ 
ing of the anus. 

ven'ter, gen. ven'tris. A Latin term signifying the 
“stomach,” or the “belly”: also applied to the 
womb. V. ante'rior*, anterior belly, as of di¬ 
gastric muscle or of the hyoid bone. V. of the 
il'ium, the broad portion of the ilium. V. i'mus, 
“lowest belly,” the abdomen. V. me'dius, 
“ middle belly,” the thorax. V. posterior*, pos¬ 
terior belly, as of digastric muscle or of the hyoid 
bone. V. propen'dens, pendulous abdomen. V. 
re'num, “belly of the kidney,” the pelvis of the 
kidney. V. of the scapula, the concave anterior 
surface of the scapula containing the subscapular 
fossa. 

ven'ti-la-ting pneumothorax. A form of the so* 
called closed pneumothorax in which there is a 
valve permitting the entrance of air into the 
cavity at each inspiration but partially or wholly 
preventing its escape at the next expiration, 
ven-ti-la'tion. The act of ventilating or renewing 
the air of apartments, etc.; the art of conveying 
currents of fresh air through apartments or con¬ 
fined places, so as to maintain the atmosphere in 
a state of purity. Positive v., forcible disten¬ 
tion of the lungs with air. [< L. ventila'iio, fr. 
ventila're to blow, to fan.] 

ven'ti-la-tor. A machine or apparatus employed 
to ventilate rooms, apartments, or buildings, 
ventouse (voh-tuz). = Cucurbitula. [F.] 
ven'trad. Toward the ventral aspect, 
ven'tral, ven-tra'lis*. Belonging to the belly; ab¬ 
dominal. V. aorta, the ascending aorta. V. 
auditory nucleus = accessory auditory nu¬ 
cleus. V. coelom = splanchnoccele. V. column 
= ANTERIOR COLUMN. V. fissure, the anterior 
median fissure of the spinal cord. V. grounds 
bundle, anterior ground*bundle. V. hernia, 
hernia through the abdominal walls at points ac¬ 
cidentally weakened, as by a wound. V. medulla, 
the ventral ganglionic chain of the sympathetic 
system. V. posture, the position of a patient 
lying flat on his face and pressing against the 
abdomen with the palms of his hands. V. res¬ 
piration = diaphragmatic respir.ation. V. 
uterus, the sac containing the foetus in abdomi¬ 
nal pregnancy. [< L. ventra'lis, fr. ven'ter belly.] 
ven'tri-cle. A small cavity in the substance of an 
organ, particularly, one of the rounded cavities 
forming the lower part of the heart (Ventricles of 
the heart, ventriculi cordis*), or one of the ventri¬ 
cles of the brain ; vENTRicULUs. Heart*block. 

V. of Arantius, the pouch at the lower end of the 
fourth ventricle of the brain, which extends down 
into the medulla. Vs. of the brain, five cavities 
in the interior of the brain, distinguished as lateral, 
two in number, middle or third, developed from 
primary forebrain, fourth, formed from ventricle 
of the third vesicle, and fifth ventricles. V. of the 
cerebellum, the portion of the fourth ventricle 
which extends into the cerebellum. V. of the cord, 
the central canal of the cord. V. of the corpus 
callosum, the callosal fissure. V. of the larynx, 
the pouch between the true and false vocal cords. 
V. of Morgagni, a cavity just external to each 
vocal band. 

ven*tri-co-lum'naB. The anterior spinal columns. 


VENTRICORNU 


1069 


VERATRUM 


7 en-tri-cor'nu. The anterior horn of gray matter 
of the spinal cord, Crescents of the spinal 
CORD, fven-tri-cor'nu al. 

ven'tri-cose. Having a swelled=out appearance, like 
a belly; inflated or swelled out on one side, 
ven-tric'u-lar. Relating to a ventricle. V. aque¬ 
duct = AQUEDUCT OF Sylvius. V. bands, the false 
vocal cords. V. depression, that part of the trac¬ 
ing of the venous pulse which consists of a depres¬ 
sion between the ventricular wave and the auricu¬ 
lar wave. It represents the diastole of the 
ventricle. V. ganglion = Bidder’s ganglion. 
V. ligament, one of the false vocal cords. V. 
muscle, the thyreosepiglottideus. V. septum, i. 
The partition separating the ventricles of the 
heart. 2. = Septum lucidum. V. space, the 
ventricles of the brain and cord. V'. systole, the 
contraction of the ventricles. it^“ Systole. V. 
wave, the wave or part of the tracing of the ve¬ 
nous pulse between the auricular depression and 
the ventricular depression. It corresponds to the 
ascending wave of the arterialspulse tracing, and 
represents ventricular systole, 
ven-tric'u-lar. Pertaining to a ventricle, 
ven-tric-u-la'ris. The thyreo^epiglottideus muscle, 
ven-tric'u-lus, pi. ventric'uli. i. The stomach, the 
principal organ of digestion. 2. = Ventricle. 
V. aran'tii = VENTRICLE of Arantius. V. cona'rii 
= PINEAL VENTRICLE. V. cor'dis*, ventricle of 
the heart. V. gale'ni, the ventricle of the larynx. 
V. laryn'gis [Morgag'nii] *= ventricle of the 
LARYNX. Ventric'uli latera'les, the two cavities of 
the brain situated below the corpus callosum. 
They are separated by a median partition into 
right and left lateral ventricles. V. morgag'nii = 
VENTRICLE OF THE LARYNX. V. Olfacto'riUS, the 
ventricle of the olfactory lobe of the brain; rhino- 
coelia. V. op'ticus, the aqueduct of Sylvius. V. 
quar'tus*, fourth ventricle, the diamond*shaped 
space between the medulla oblongata and the pons 
in front and the central portion of the cerebellum 
behind; ventricle of the cerebellum. V. quin'tus 
= FIFTH VENTRICLE. V. sinis'ter, the left ventri¬ 
cle of the heart. V. succenturia'tus, the duode¬ 
num. V. syl'vii = FiFTil VENTRICLE. V. tcr- 
mina'lis*, a dilatation in the lower part of the 
conus terminalis. V. ter'tius* = third ventricle. 
Ventriculi tricor'nes = ventriculi laterales. 
V. tricor'nis, a lateral ventricle, Ventriculi 
LATERALES. [L. dim. of ven'ter belly.] 
ven-tri-cum'bent. Lying upon the ventral aspect, 
ven'tri-duct. To move toward the belly. [L. ven'ter 
heWy + du'cere to lead. ] fven-tri-duc'tion. 
ven-tri-fix-a'tion. = VentrofixatioJi. 
ven-tril'o-quism. The utterance of the voice in 
such manner that the sound seems to come, not 
from the speaker, but from a distance; gastrilo- 
quism. One possessing the power of ventrilo¬ 
quism is termed a ven-tril'o-quist. -j-ven-trU'o- 
quous, relating to, or having the power of, 
ventriloquism. 

ven-tri-me'son. The ventral edge of the meson. 
fven-tri-me'sal. 

ven-tri-pyr'a-mid. The anterior medullary pyramid, 
ven'tro-. Relating to the belly or stomach; gas- 
TRO-; a combining form. Laparo-. [< L. 

ven'ter belly or stomach.] ven’tro-cys-tor'rha- 
phy, fixation of a cystswall to the abdominal 
•wall.— ven-tro-dor'sal-ly, in a direction interme¬ 
diate between the dorsal and ventral aspects, 
ven-tro-fix-a'tion, the operation of fastening any 
displaced viscus to the abdominal wall, as in the 


case of a retrodisplaced uterus. Retrofix- 
ATio; vaginofixation. — ven‘tro-hys-ter-o-pex'y, 
ventral fixation of the uterus,— ven-trosin'gui- 
nal, relating to the abdomen and the groin, as V. 
hernia, direct inguinal hernia.— ven-tro-lat'e-rad, 
toward the ventrolateral aspect.— ven-tro-lat'e- 
ral, ventral and lateral at the same time, as V. 
mass or muscle, that portion of the primitive 
lateral mass of the embryo from which are devel¬ 
oped the abdominal, thoracic, and anterior cervi¬ 
cal muscles.— ven-tro-me'sal = ventrimesal. — 
ven-trop-to'sis = gastroptosis. — ven-tros'eo-py 
= GASTROSCOPY.— vcii-trose', having a belly, or 
swellings like the belly.— ven-tros'i-ty, promi¬ 
nence of the abdomen due to corpulence.— ven*- 
tro-sus-pen'sion, suturing of the uterus to the 
peritoneal tissue only. ^Ventrofixation. — 
ven-trot'omy, incision into the abdominal cavity; 
laparotomy. — ven’tro-vesd-co-fix-a'tion, the 
operation of suturing the uterus to the bladder 
and the abdominal wall. 

vent=tube. A slender tube, containing a plug of 
cotton, attached to the upper part of a bacterio¬ 
logical culture=tube in order to secure ventilation 
and yet protect the contents from dust, 
ven'u-la*, pi, -te; ven'ule. A little vein. [L. dim. 

of ve'na vein.] fven'u-lous ; ven'u-lose. 
ve'nus, gen. ven'eris. An ancient name for copper; 
also for syphilis. V.’s flystrap, ^ Dion.® a. V.'s 
slipper = Cypripedium. 

ve'ra di'a-stase. A proprietary preparation of the 
pig’s pancreas. Dose, 0.13 Gm. (2 grs.). 
ver-a-tral'bine. An alkaloid found in Vera'trum 
al'bum. 

ver-at'ri a. The 1870 U. S. P. name for veratrina*. 
ve-rat'ric acid. A colorless, crystalline substance, 
C9 Hjq 04, found in sabadilla; dimethylprotocate- 
chuic acid, fver'a-trate, a salt of veratric acid, 
ver-at'ri-dine. A nonscrystalline isomer of veratrine. 

Wood, viii, 220.] 

ver-a-tri'na*. Veratrine, a mixture of alkaloids 
from the seed of Asagres'a officinal'is (U. S, P.) or 
Schcenocau'lon officina'le (B. P.). It is very irri¬ 
tating, especially to the mucous membranes, and 
has a benumbing after-effect, for which it is used 
externally in neuralgia and rheumatism. It is a 
circulatory and respiratory depressant, and pro¬ 
duces a characteristic muscular action. Dose, 
0.002 Gm. (gV gr-)- Oleatum VERATRiN®*: 
unguentum veratrin®*. 
ver'a-trine. i. = Veratrina*. 2. A precipitate 
from a tincture of Vera'trum vir'ide. 3. =Ceva- 
dine. fver'a-trism. ver'a-trize; ve-rat'ri-nize. 
ve-rat-ri-za'tion. 

ver-a-tri'num. = Veratrina*. [L.] 
ver-a-troi'dine. A crystalline substance, C32H53- 
NO9, found in white hellebore, 
ver-a'trol. An oily substance, CgHjoOj, formed by 
distilling veratric acid with baryta; dimethyl 
catechol. 

ver'a-trone. A proprietary standardized prepara¬ 
tion of Vera'trum vir'ide: said to be non-irritant. 
Vera'trum*. i. A genus of liliaceous plants. 2. 
The U, S. P. name for the dried rhizome and roots 
of Vera'trum vir'ide (American, false, green, or 
swamp hellebore) or V. al'bum (white or Euro¬ 
pean hellebore); the Vera'trum vir'ide of the 
1890 U. S. P. Its action is that of its active 
principles, veratrina*. Dose, 0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). 

Fluidextractum veratri*; tinctura vera- 
TRi*. V. al'bum, the European species, charac¬ 
terized by yellowishswhite flowers. V. sabadil'la 


VERBAL AGRAPHIA 


1070 


VERONICA 


= Asagr^a officinalis. ^Veratrina*. V. 
vir'ide. i. The American species, distinguished 
by its greenishsyellow flowers. It has been much 
used as a vasodilator in sthenic fevers, and is 
said to be less apt to produce untoward effects 
than V. album. 2. The 1890 U. S. P. name for 

VERATRUM*. 

ver'bal agraphia and amnesia, Agraphia and 

AMNESIA. 

Verbas'cum blatta'ria. A species of scrophulariace- 
ous plants called mothsmullein. Its seeds are 
said to be purgative and narcotic; its leaves are 
demulcent. V. thap^sus or thapsifor'me, the com¬ 
mon mullein, having demulcent, emollient, and 
slightly stimulant flowers: used in irritated states 
of mucous membranes, for bruises and piles, and 
in domestic medicine in pulmonary affections. 
Dose of fluidextract, 3 Cc. (40 mins.). 

Verbe'na. A genus of gamopetalous plants, several 
species of which have slight medicinal 
properties. Fluidextrac'tum verbe'nae 
(N. F.), is obtained from the root of V. 
hasta'ia. 

ver-bi'ge-rate. To repeat senseless words 
or phrases, fver'bi-ge-ra'tion, con¬ 
tinued repetition of words, as in some 
forms of insanity. 

verdet (v^r-de). A disease of maize, 
formerly supposed to be the cause of 
pellagra. [F.] 

ver-de-vis'sa. ^ Frangula* ; Rham- 
NUS. 

ver'di-gris. Copper subacetate, or any 
green deposit on copper. [ < F. verU 
de^gris graysgreen.] 

ver'di-ter. Either of two pigments pre¬ 
pared from copper: blue v., blue copper carbonate, 
or green v., green copper carbonate. 

Ver'ga’s ventricle. The space occasionally seen be¬ 
tween the corpus callosum and the fornix; “ sixth 
ventricle.” 

ver'gens. Inclining. V. deor'sum, inclining down¬ 
ward. V. sur'sum, inclining upward. 

Verheyen’s stars (ier-hai'enz). Small star^shaped 
groups of veins on the surface of the kidney, 
which unite to form the interlobular veins. 
[Philippe Verheyen, Flemish anatomist, 1648- 
1710.] 

ver'ine. A decomposition product, CagH^^NOg, of 

CEVADINE. 

ver'juice. The juice of unripe grapes, crabsapples, 
etc. [< F. verjus, fr. verd green -f jus juice.] 

Vermale’s operation (v#r-malz). Amputation with 
double flaps, the cutting being done by trans¬ 
fixion and from within outward. 

Ver'mes. The plural of vermis. 

ver'mi-cide. A medicine which kills intestinal 
worms; an anthelmintic which acts by killing 
the worm, tver'mi-ci-dal. 

ver-mic'u-lar, ver-mic'u-late. Wormslike. V. ap¬ 
pendix or process = appendix vermiformis. V. 
motion, peristaltic motion. V. pulse, a small, 
rapid pulse, giving a sensation of a wormslike 
motion to the finger. V. sulcus, a fissure separat¬ 
ing the vermis from the lateral hemisphere of 
the cerebellum, fver-mic-u-la'tion, a peculiar 
wormslike motion, as of the intestines. 

ver-mic'u-lose, ver-mic'u-lous. Having worms. 

ver-mic'u-lus. = Ookinete, rar Malaria. 

ver'mi-form. Formed like a worm; worm=like. V. 
appendix = APPENDIX vermiformis. Internal or 
Inferior v. artery, a branch of the posterior cere¬ 


bral artery running backward between the ver¬ 
miform process and the hemispheres of the cer¬ 
ebellum. Superior v. artery, a branch of the 
superior cerebellar artery running backward along 
the superior vermiform process. V. bodies — 
WOLFFIAN BODIES. V.scoutoured, in bacteriology, 
denoting a growth, like a mass of worms, or in¬ 
testinal coils, as in potato cultures of the potato 
bacillus. V. fossa, an occasional depression on 
the internal occipital crest. V. organs = Wolf¬ 
fian BODIES. V. process, i. The middle lobe of 
the cerebellum, distinguished as inferior and supe¬ 
rior. 2. = Appendix vermiformis. , 

ver-mif'u-gal. Acting as a vermifuge, 
ver'mi-fuge. Having power to expel worms; an¬ 
thelmintic ; antiscolic. Among the principal ver¬ 
mifuges are Aspidium*, Betanaphthol*, Cheno- 
PODIUM, Cusso*, Granatum*, Kamala, Pepo*, 
Santoninum*, Spigelia*, and Thymol*. 
ver-mil'i on. A red pigment of remarkable beauty • 
cinnabar; mercuric sulphide, 
ver'mi-nal. = Verminous. V. rhinalgia, pain in 
the nose due to worms. 

ver-mi-na'tion. The generation of vermin; the pro¬ 
duction of intestinal worms to such an extent as 
to cause morbid accidents, Helminthiasis; 
MALis. [< L. vermina'tio, fr. ver'mis worm.] 
ver'mi-nous. i. Infested with worms. 2. Caused 
or produced by worms, as verminous diseases. 
V. abscess, an abscess containing worms. V. 
aneurism, an aneurism which contains haemato- 
zoa. V. crasis, a morbid condition supposed to 
be dependent on the presence of intestinal worms. 
V. fever, wormsfever, fever caused by irritation 
of worms in the intestine. 

ver'mis*, pi. ver'mes. Literally a “worm.” V. cere- 
belli, the median portion of the cerebellum, situated 
between and joining the two hemispheres of that 
organ. V. cucurbiti'nus = Taenia saginata. V. 
infe'rior and supe'rior, ^vermiform process. 
V. supe'rior poste'rior, commissura simplex. 
Ver'mis umbilica'lis. A spurious parasite. 
ver'mix. A contraction for vermiform appendix. 
ver'muth, ver'mouth. A cordial made of white wine 
flavored with absinthe. 

ver-nac'u-lar disease. An epidemic, or rather an 
endemic disease. 

ver'nal. Belonging to spring. V. catarrh, V. con¬ 
junctivitis = spring conjunctivitis. V. fever^ 
malarial fever. [< L. verna'lis, fr. ver spring.] 
Verneuil’s neuroma (v#r-ne-iz). A plexiform neu¬ 
roma. 

ver'ni er. An accessory graduated scale for meas¬ 
uring fractions of subdivisions, 
ver'nine. An alkaloid, CigHjoNgOg, found in young 
clover, vetch, ergot, etc. [ < L. ver'num spring.] 
ver'nix caseo'sa. The fatty layer of sebum and des¬ 
quamated epithelium which covers the skin of the 
foetus after the fifth month, 

Ver'nonsHar'court unit, Standard candle. 

Verno'nia. A genus of composite herbs. V. an- 
thelmin'tica, an East Indian species whose seeds 
are used as an anthelmintic. [< Wm. Vernon, an 
English botanist.] 

ver-no'nin. A glucoside, CjoHj^O^, the active prin¬ 
ciple of batiator root, the root of Verno'nia nigri- 
tia'na of West Africa. It resembles digitalin, 
ver'o-nal. Diethylmalonylurea, (C2H5)2C(CONH)2- 
CO; a hypnotic, usually prescribed in capsules to 
be taken in hot water. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
Veroni'ea. A genus of scrophulariaceous plants. It 
comprises many species of herbs (rarely shrubs), 



Verbena. 



VERRUCA 


1071 


VERTEBRAL 


natives of Europe, the United States, etc, V. 
beccabun'ga or aquat'ica, the plant brook»lime, 
or water*pimpernel: formerly much employed in 
medicine. V. Chamae'drys, germander speedwell, 
a plant, a native of Europe, bearing large and 
beautiful flowers of a deep blue color. It has 
been used as a substitute for V. officina'lis. V. 
officina'lis, common speedwell, an herbaceous 
plant, a native of the United States and Europe. 
It has pale blue flowers. It was formerly re¬ 
puted to be tonic, diuretic, etc., but it is not 
now used. V. peregri'na, neckweed, or purslane 
speedwell. It grows in most parts of the United 
States, appearing like an introduced weed in 
waste and cultivated ground; also in South 
America. It is almost cosmopolite. V. specio'sa, 
a shrubby plant, a native of New Zealand. V. 
spica^ta, an herbaceous plant, a native of Europe, 
cultivated for ornament. It bears terminal spikes 
of blue flowers. V. virgin'ica, Leptan'dra virgin'tea. 
ver-ru'ea. A wart; a papillomatous growth of the 
skin or mucous membrane, of various appear¬ 
ance. V. acrochor'don, a pedunculated wart. V. 
acumina'ta, pointed wart, a pointed, moist wart, 
usually of a reddish color, growing on the mucous 
surface of the genitals and the anus; acuminate 
condyloma; venereal wart; moist wart; fig wart; 
cauliflower excrescence. It is no longer consid¬ 
ered to be caused by venereal poison. V. a'ni, 
condyloma of the anus. V. carno'sa = condy¬ 
loma. V. congen'ita, a congenital wart, usually 
a N.®vus VERRUCOSUS. V. filifor'mis, a filiform 
wart often occurring upon the head; acrochordon. 
V. gla'bra, a wart with a smooth surface. V. 
mol'lis or molluscifor'mis = condyloma, V. nec- 
rogen'ica = anatomical tubercle. V. oesoph'- 
agi, a wart*like papilloma of the oesophageal mu¬ 
cous membrane. V.perua'na = VERRUGAS, def. 2. 
V. pla'na, a wart but little elevated above the sur¬ 
face. V. seni'lis, a wart on the extremities of old 
persons. It is generally flat, broad, and uneven. 
V. sim'plex or vulga'ris, a smalbsized horny wart, 
frequently seen on the hands of young people. 
[L.] tv®rru'ci-form, resembling a wart, ver'ru- 
cose, ver'ru-cous, as V. endocarditis, simple vege¬ 
tative endocarditis, ver-ru'cu-lose, ver-ru'eu- 
lous, having small warts. 

ver-ru'gas. i. Verruca. 2. A severe and often 
fatal disease, resembling framboesia, endemic ia 
Peru, and said to be caused by a peculiar micro* 
organism, Yzquierdo’s bacillus; verrugas peru¬ 
ana; Peruvian wart; Carrion’s disease. It is 
marked by depression, pain in the bones, gastric 
disturbance, and especially by a peculiar eruption 
developing into warty tumors, which discharge 
blood freely. [Sp., “ warts.”] 
ver'sa-tile dementia. Dementia marked by restless¬ 
ness, talkativeness, and destructiveness, 
ver'sion. i. The act of turning; specifically, a 
turning of the child in the uterus so as to change 
the presenting part and bring it into more favor¬ 
able position for delivery. 2. An abnormal in¬ 
clination of an organ, especially of the uterus. 
Abdominal v. = external v. Anopelvic v. = 
ANOPELVic VERSION. Bipolar v., version per¬ 
formed by acting upon both poles of the foetus. 
Cephalic v., version so as to make the head the 
presenting portion. Combined v., a combination 
of external and internal version. External v., 
version performed by external manipulation; 
Abdominal version. Internal v., version by the 
hand introduced into the uterus. Mixed v., com¬ 


bined v. Pelvic V., version by manipulation of 
the breech. Podalic v., version causing the feet 
to present. Spontaneous v., version occurring 
without artifi¬ 


cial aid. [< L. 
ver'tere to turn.] 
ver'te-bra, pi. ver'- 
tehrcB. A pecu¬ 
liarly shaped 
bone, thirty*two 
of which com¬ 
pose the spine, 
or vertebral col¬ 
umn and canal 
containing the 
spinal marrow. 
The vertebrae 
comprise seven 
cervical {Vv. cer- 
vicales*), twelve 
dorsal {Vv. tho¬ 
racal e 5*), five 
lumbar (Vv.lum- 
ba'les*), five sa- 



Dorsal Vertebra, Side View.— 
I. Body. 2. Articular facets for 
ribs, 3. Arch. 4, 5. Interverte¬ 
bral notches. 6. Spinous process. 
7. Transverse process. 8. Pre- 
articular process. 9. Postartic- 
ular process. (Leidy.) 


cral {Vv. sacrales*), and four coccygeal {Vv. coccy- 
geae*). Each vertebra is composed of: i. A body 
or centrum {corpus vertebrae*), forming the main 
part of the spine, and bearing chiefly the weight 
of the body. 2. Four articulating processes {zyga- 
pophyses), by which it is joined to the next verte¬ 
brae. These are sometimes called oblique proc¬ 
esses, the upper ones the ascending oblique 
{processus articulares superiores*), the lower the 
descending oblique processes {processus articula¬ 
res inferiores*). 3. A spinous process {processus 
spinosus*), which projects directly backward, 
those of the different vertebrae forming with their 
points the ridge of the back: from their sharpness 
the vertebral column is called the spine. 4. Two 
transverse processes {processus transversi*), which 
stand out at right angles, or laterally, from the 
body of the vertebra, and in the thoracic region 
articulate with the ribs. Basilar v., the last 
lumbar vertebra. V. denta'ta or odontoi'dea, the 
axis or second cervical vertebra. False vertebrae, 
the sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, which are 
fused by ossification. V. prom'inens*, the seventh 
cervical vertebra. True vertebrae, the vertebrae 
which remain unfused through life. [L.] 
ver'te-brae, gen. vertebra'rum. PI. of vertebra. 
ver'te-bral. Belonging to a vertebra, or to the 
vertebrae. V. aponeurosis, a layer of fascia 
covering the muscles of the thoracic region of 
the back, extending between the vertebrae and 
the angles of the ribs. V. arch, inferior = h.e- 
MAL ARCH. V. arch, superior, the neural arch; 
the portion of the vertebra above the centrum, 
or body, forming the bony archway or canal in 
which is lodged the neural axis; arcus vertebrae*. 
V. artery, i. The first and largest branch of the 
subclavian artery; arteria vertebralis*. It runs 
up {first part) to the foramen of the sixth cervical 
vertebra, and passes through that and the fora¬ 
mina of the succeeding cervical vertebrae {second 
part) as far as the atlas, where it turns outward 
and backward {third part) to enter the cranium 
{fourth part) through the foramen magnum, when 
it joins at the pons with its fellow from the op¬ 
posite side to form the basilar artery. 2, A 
branch of the deep cervical artery entering the 
spinal canal, along with the eighth cervical 
nerve, through the intervertebral foramen. 3 


VERTEBRARTERIAL GANAL 


1072 


VERTIGO 


One of the numerous branches of the lumbar 
arteries which supply the bodies of the vertebrae 
and their ligaments. V. arthropathy, disease of 
the spinal column resulting in changes in shape 
of the vertebrae. V. border, the internal and 
posterior border of the scapula. V. bows, arches 
of thickened mesenchyma projecting along the 
course of the notochordal mesenchyma of the 
embryo and forming the first signs of the bodies 
of the vertebrae. V. canal, the canal extending 
through the length of the vertebral column and 
containing the spinal marrow; canalis vertebralis*. 
V. caries, ulceration of vertebrae; Pott’s disease 
of the spine. V. column, the bony column which 
forms the axis of the skeleton of all vertebrates 
and extends from the cephalic to the caudal pole; 
columna vertebralis*. V. fascia = v. aponeuro¬ 
sis. V. foramen, i. = Vertebrarterial canal. 
2. The foramen formed by the arch of the ver¬ 
tebra; foramen vertebrate*. V. formula, a formula 
for expressing the number of vertebrae in each 
of the regions of the spinal column. For man 
it is C.7, D.12, L.5, S.5, Cd.4 = 33. V. gan¬ 
glion, the inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion. 
V. groove or gutter, the longitudinal depression 
on either side of the backbone, between the spi¬ 
nous processes and the angles of the ribs. V 
lamina, one of the pair of processes (neura- 
pophyses) which unite to form the posterior part 
of the arch of a vertebra. Anterior common v 
ligament, a ligament along the anterior surfaces 
of the bodies of the vertebrae, extending between 
the axis and the sacrum; ligamentum longitudinale 
anterius*. Posterior common v. ligament, a band 
extending the entire length of the anterior wall 
of the vertebral canal, being attached to the in¬ 
tervertebral fibrocartilages and the margins of 
the vertebrae; ligamentum longitudinale posterius*. 
V. muscles, muscles lying along the trunk in re¬ 
lation with vertebrae. V. nerve, i. The tri- 
splanchnic nerve. 2. A spinal nerve. V. plate, 
the thicker segmental zone of mesoderm alongside 
of the axial line in the early embryo. V. plexus, 
a sympathetic nervesplexus on the vertebral 
artery; plexus vertebralis*. V. polyarthritis, 
POLYARTHRITIS. V. region, the region over the 
vertebral column. V. ribs, the last two ribs, 
connected only with the vertebrae; the floating 
ribs. V. segment, somatome. V. sheath, the 
sheath formed by the dura mater around the 
spinal cord. V. sinus, the veins within the 
body of a vertebra. V. vein, a branch of the 
subclavian vein which accompanies the vertebral 
artery ; vena vertebralis*. V. vein, anterior, a 
branch of the vertebral vein from the preverte¬ 
bral structures of the neck. [ < L. vertebra'Us.] 
ver*te-brar-te'ri al canal or foramen. A foramen in 
the side of a cervical vertebra for the vertebral 
artery. 

Ver-te-bra'ta, ver'te-brates. A division of animals 
including those having a spinal column, 
ver'te-brate, ver'te-bra-ted. Having a vertebral 
column. V. catheter, a catheter made in small 
segments so connected as to be flexible, used in 
cases of enlarged prostate; Squire's catheter. V. 
probe, a probe made of small sections joined to¬ 
gether so that it is very flexible, 
ver-te-bra'tion. Division into vertebrae, or into 
protovertebrae or metameres. 
ver-te-brec'to-my. Excision of part of a vertebra, 
ver'te-bro-. Vertebral: a combining form. [< L. 
ver'tebra, fr. ver'tere to turn.] ver‘te-brosar-te'- 


ri al — Vertebrarterial. — ver*te-bro-bas'i-lar, 
relating to the vertebral column and the lower 
part of the skull, as V. plexus, the vertebral 
plexus.— ver’te-bro-chon'dral, pertaining to the 
vertebrae and the costal cartilages, as V. ribs, the 
eighth, ninth and tenth ribs, which are connected 
in front by their costal cartilages.— ver’te-bro- 
cos'tal. I. Pertaining to the vertebrae and the 
ribs. 2. = Vertebrochondral, as V. ligaments, 
ligaments which fasten the ribs to the spinal col¬ 
umn, and V. = VERTEBROCHONDRAL RIBS.- 

vefte-bro-di-dym'i a, a twin monster united by the 
vertebrae.— ver‘te-bro-dym'i a, somatodymia. 
— ver'te-bro-fem'o-ral, relating to the vertebrae 
and the femur.— ver'te-brosil'i ac, relating to the 
vertebrae and the ilium; iliolumbar, as V. liga¬ 
ment, the iliolumbar ligament.— ver*te-bro-mam'- 
ma-ry, pertaining to the vertebral and mammary 
aspects of the chest.— ver‘te-bro-me-nin'ge al 
rheumatism, a mild form of spinal meningitis* 
spinal rheumatism.— ver’te-bro-sa'cral, relating 
to the sacrum and the vertebrae above it, as V. 
angle, the promontory of the sacrum.— ver'te- 
bro-ster'nal ribs, the first seven, or true, ribs, 
which are connected with the vertebrae and the 
sternum. 

ver'te-brum. The head of the femur. [L.] 
ver'tex*. The summit or pointed extremity. In 
anatomy, the top or crown of the head. V. cor'- 
dis, the apex of the heart. V. cor'neae*, vertex 
of the cornea. V. presentation, presentation of 
the vertex of the foetus in labor. V. vesi'cae*, 
apex of the urinary bladder, 
ver-tib'u-lum. i. The articular head of a bone, as 
that of the femur. 2. A trepan, 
ver'ti-cal. Pertaining to the vertex; directed up and 
down, or from the base to the apex; upright. V. 
diplopia, ^ DIPLOPIA. V. frontal fissure, the fis¬ 
sure of Rolando. V. index, the number obtained 
by dividing the greatest anteroposterior diameter 
of the skull by its vertical diameter and multi¬ 
plying the result by 100. V. muscle of tongue, 
musculus verticalis linguae*. V. nystagmus, oscil¬ 
lation of the eyeball with an upsand*down mo¬ 
tion. V. plate of the palate bone, a plate as¬ 
cending from the palate plate at the outer back 
part of the nasal cavity. V. squint = strabismus 
SURSUM VERGENS. V. Station, a point on the 
cranium, of which there are two on each side 
over the fissure of Rolando, recommended as a 
favorable point for taking surface temperatures 
of the cranium. V. strabismus = strabismus 
SURSUM VERGENS. V. VertigO, VERTIGO, 
ver-ti-ca'lis* . Vertical. [L.] 

Verticil'lium candela'brum. A fungus said to occur 
in the excretions of scarlet^fever patients. V. 
graphii, a pathogenic ear^mould. Dl. ’09.] 
ver*ti-co-men'tal. Pertaining to chin and vertex. 
ver*ti-co-trans-verse'. i. Vertical and transverse 
at the same time. 2. Transversely through the 
vertex. 

ver-ti'go. Dizziness; swimming of the head; giddi¬ 
ness; the consciousness of disordered equilibra¬ 
tion ; a state in which all objects seem to turn 
arouncJand equilibration is difficult or impossible. 
V. a stomacho laeso = gastric v. V. ab aure 
laeso, auditory, or aural v. = MENifeRE’s disease. 
Bilious V., vertigo due to functional derangement 
of the liver. Epileptic v., vertigo which is the 
precursor of an epileptic attack. Essential v., 
vertigo with no discoverable cause. Gastric v., 
vertigo due to disturbed digestion. Horizontal v., 


VERUGAS 


VESICO- 


1078 


vertigo on assuming a horizontal position. Laby¬ 
rinthine V., vertigo due to structural changes in 
the semicircular canal or other parts of the laby¬ 
rinth, as in M6ni6re’s disease. Lateral v., vertigo 
caused by rapidly passing a fence or row of sim¬ 
ilar objects. Objective v., vertigo in which sur¬ 
rounding objects seem to move: distinguished 
from Subjective v. Ocular v., vertigo due to lack 
of balance in the ocular muscles. Paralyzing 
V. = Gorlier’s disease. Smokers’ vertigo, ts- 
smokers’. Stomachal v. = gastric v. Subjec¬ 
tive V., vertigo in which there are sensations of 
apparent motion in the patient’s body. Vertical 
V., vertigo caused by looking down from or upward 
at an elevation. [L. fr. ver'tere to turn. ] Iver- 
tig'i-nous, as V. status, a condition in which at¬ 
tacks of vertigo rapidly follow each other, 
ve-ru'gas. = Verrugas. 

ve*ru-mon-ta'num. A rounded projection on the 
floor of the prostatic portion of the urethra; the 
crista urethralis or caput gallinaginis. [L., 
“ mountain ridge.”] 
ver'vain. = Verbena. 

Ver'vain’s balsam. Compound tincture of benzoin, 
very fine powder. A powder which will pass 
through a sieve having eighty meshes to the inch. 
Ve-sa'lius’s (ve-sa'lian) foramen. An occasional 
minute opening at the root of the pterygoid proc¬ 
ess of the sphenoid bone, transmitting a small 
vein. V.’s gland, a mucous gland of the bronchi 
or the lungs. V.’s ligament, Poupart’s ligament. 
V.’s vein, a vein joining the pterygoid plexus 
with the cavernous sinus. [A. Vesalius, Belgian 
anatomist and physician, 1514-1564.] 
ve-sa'ni a. Insanity. [L.] fve-san'ic. 

Vesic. Abbr. for L. vesic'ula or vesicato'rium, a 
blister. 

ve-si'ca. A bladder or anything resembling it; a 
vesicle, bladder: especially the vesica urinaria*, 
or urinary bladder. V. bilia'ria, V. fel'lea* = 
GALL*BLADDER. V. natato'ria, the air-bladder of 
fishes. V. prostat'ica = sinus pocularis. V. 
urinaria* = URINARY bladder. [L.] 
ves'i-cal. Pertaining to the bladder; having the 
appearance of a bladder. V. arteries, arteries 
supplying the bladder: the superior is a branch 
of the internal iliac, and represents the umbilical 
artery of the foetus; the middle is a branch of the 
superior vesical; and the inferior or vesicopros- 
tatic is a branch of the internal iliac. V. calcu¬ 
lus, stone in the bladder. V. catarrh, catarrh of 
the bladder; a form of chronic cystitis accom¬ 
panied by a flow of mucus and sometimes pus 
from the lining membrane of the bladder. V. 
centre = vesicospinal centre. V. crises, crises 
of pain in the bladder occurring in locomotor 
ataxia. V. fistula, a fistulous opening into the 
bladder. V. ganglia = spermatic ganglia. V. 
hernia, protrusion of the bladder from the ab¬ 
domen through an abnormal opening or through 
the vagina by prolapse of its anterior wall. V. 
ligaments, the ligaments of the bladder. V. 
plexus, an extension of the pelvic plexus to the 
urinary bladder; plexus vesicalis*. V. pi^tion of 
the ureter, that part of the ureter which funs ob¬ 
liquely downward and inward through the coats 
of the bladder. V. reflex, reflex which produces 
micturition when the bladder becomes filled; 
urinary reflex. V. sacculus, protrusion of the 
mucous lining of the bladder between the fibre- 
bundles of the muscular coat, so as to form a 
hernia. V. sphincter = sphincter VESiCiE. V. 

68 


tonic, a medicine which tends to restore the 
proper action of the bladder. V. touch, examina¬ 
tion by the finger of the female bladder through 
a dilated urethra. V. triangle, the trigone of the 
bladder. V. uvula = uvula vesicae*. V. veins, 
veins arising from the capillaries of the bladder. 

ves'i-cant. i. Epispastic. 2. A topical agent which 
causes the exhalation of a thin serous fluid tmder 
the cuticle, tves-i-can'ti a, vesicants. 

ves'i-ca-ting. Causing vesication. V. ammoniacal 
ointment (Gondret’s), an ointment made from 32 
parts of lard, 2 parts of oil of sweet almond, and 
17 parts of stronger ammonia water: used for 
vesicating. V. collodion = collodium canthar- 
IDATUM*. V. taffeta, a thin silk having a mix¬ 
ture of cantharidin and wax thinly spread over 
one side: used in blistering. 

ves-i-ca'tion. The action of a vesicant; the forma¬ 
tion of a blister. 

ves'i-ca-to'ri um. A blister, or vesicatory. [L.] 

ves'i-ca-to-ry. i. Having the property of raising a 
blister. 2. A blister. 

vei^i-cle. i. A small bladder; a sac containing 
fluid; VESicuLA. 2. A small blister; an elevation 
of the cuticle containing a clear watery fluid. 
Specially named varieties of vesicle are Air*, 
Allantoic (= allantois), Ascherson’s, Audi¬ 
tory, Balbiani’s (=Balbiani’s nucleus). Blas¬ 
todermal, Cephalic, Cerebral or encephalic, 
Germinal, Graafian, Naboth’s, Olfactory, 
Optic or ocular. Otic (= auditory). Prostatic 
(= SINUS pocularis), Purkinje’s (= germinal). 
Seminal, and Umbilical. 

ves'i-co-. Relating or pertaining to the bladder; 
CYSTO-: a combining form. [< L. vesi'ca blad¬ 
der.] ves'i-cosab-dom'i-nal, relating to the uri¬ 
nary bladder and the abdomen.— ves'i-co-cele = 
CYSTOCELE. — ves‘i-co-cer'vi-cal, pertaining to 
the bladder and the cervix uteri.— ves-i-coc'ly- 
sis, injection of liquids into the bladder.— ves'i- 
co-fix-a'tion, the operation of suturing the uterus 
to the bladder.— vesd-co-pros-tat'ic, relating to 
the urinary bladder and the prostate gland, as 
V. artery, the inferior vesical artery: V. calculus, 
a prostatic calculus projecting into the bladder: 
and V. plexus, the pudendal plexus, def. 2.— 
ves*i-co-pu'bic, relating to the bladder and the 
pubes, as V. ligament, a ligament extending from 
the urinary bladder to the pubis: and V. muscles, 
a strong bundle of muscular fibres extending on 
either side of the middle line near the urethral 
end of the bladder, in front of the anterior wall 
of the prostate and under the puboprostatic liga¬ 
ment, to an attachment at the back of the pubic 
bone by the side of the symphysis.— ves*i-co- 
rec'tal, pertaining to the urinary bladder and the 
rectum.— vesd-co-sig-moi-dos'to-my, the opera¬ 
tion of making a permanent communication be¬ 
tween the urinary bladder and sigmoid flexure.— 
ves*i-co-spi'nal centre, a centre, situated in the 
lumbar region of the spinal cord, controlling mic¬ 
turition.— ves-i-cot'o-my = cystotomy. — ves*i- 
co-um-bil'i-cal ligaments, the peritoneal folds 
extending from the bladder to the umbilicus. 
The central one covers the urachus; the others 
enclose the remains of the hypogastric arteries.— 
vesd-cosu'te-rine, pertaining to the urinary blad¬ 
der and the uterus, as V. folds or ligaments, two 
peritoneal folds extending from the bladder to 
the cervix uteri, and V pouch, a pouch of peri¬ 
toneum between the uterus and the bladder.— 
ves’i-cosu*te-ro-vag'i-nal, relating to the bladder, 


VESICULA 


1074 


VESUVIN 


uterus, and vagina.— ves*i-co-vag'inal, pertain¬ 
ing to the bladder and the vagina, as V. artery, 
the vaginal artery: V. fistula, an abnormal open¬ 
ing between the bladder and the vagina: V. gan¬ 
glion, a sympathetic ganglion on the ventral wall 
of the vagina: and V. lithotomy, t®-L ithotomy. 
ves'i-co-vag*i-no-rec'tal fistula, a fistulous open¬ 
ing connecting the bladder, vagina, and rectum, 
ve-sic'u-la, pi. ■ymVw/®. = Vesicle, Bladder. 
V. germinati'va or prolif'era = germinal vesicle. 
vesic'ulae graafia'nae = graafian follicles. 
vesic'ulae nabo'thi = Naboth’s follicles. V. 
prostat'ica = sinus pocularis. vesic'ulae semi- 
na'les* = seminal vesicles. V. sero'sa, the false 
AMNION. V. umbilica'lis = UMBILICAL VESICLE, 
ve-sic'u-la-form. Inflated; vesicular. 
ve-sic'u-lar. Belonging to or having vesicles; blad¬ 
dery; inflated. V. breathing = V. respiration. 
V. column or cylinder, or V. column of Clarke, a 
column of nervescells situated in the posterior 
horn of gray matter of the spinal cord; Clarke’s 
COLUMN. V. eczema, eczema characterized by 
the formation of vesicles. V. emphysema, em¬ 
physema OF THE LUNGS. V. eruption, an erup¬ 
tion of vesicles or small blisters. V. erysipelas, 
erysipelas marked by the formation of vesicles. 
V. fever = pemphigus. V. germ, a blastosphere. 
V. layer = ganglionic layer. V. mole = hyda¬ 
tid MOLE. V. murmur = V. RESPIRATION. V. 
nervous tissue, gray nervous matter. V. nucleus, a 
nucleus whose membrane stains deeply and whose 
inner portion remains ]ight=colored. V. ovarian 
follicles = GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES. V. quality, that 
quality of sound which is characteristic of the 
vesicular murmur. V. rale = rale crepitant. 
V. resonance, the ordinary resonance produced 
by percussion over the healthy chest. V. res¬ 
piration, a soft, low, breezy murmur caused by 
the entrance of air into and its exit from a 
normal Itmg. V. ringworm, tinea circinata. V. 
sedative, an agent which allays irritation of the 
bladder. V. sound = V. respiration. V. stoma¬ 
titis, aphthous stomatitis. V. substance, the 
gray matter of the brain and nerve^substance. 
V. synovial membrane, a bursal synovial mem¬ 
brane. V. syphilide, i 3 - SYPHILIDE. 
ve-sic'u-lase. A semen ^coagulating ferment of the 
prostate. [TJ Lt. ’o8.] 

ve-sic'u-late. i. To become vesicular. 2. Marked 
by the presence of vesicles, fve-sic'u-la-ted = 
hydatidiform. ve-sic-u-la'tion, the formation of 
vesicles; a condition in which vesicles are present, 
ve-sic-u-lec'to-my. Excision of a seminal vesicle, 
vdsicule du fiel (v6-zt-cul du fi-e\), or vdsicule bili- 
aire (v^-zi-cul bl-li-^r). F. for gall*bladder. 
ve-sic-u-lif'e-rous. Bearing vesicles, 
ve-sic'u-li-form. Like a vesicle, 
ve-sic-u-li'tis. Inflammation of a vesicle, as Sem¬ 
inal V., inflammation of a seminal vesicle, 
ve-sic'u-lo-. Pertaining to the bladder; vesicular: 
a combining form. j^Vesico-; cysto-. ve-sic*- 
u-lo-bron'chi al, both vesicular and bronchial, as 
V. —BRONCHOVESICULARRESPIRATION. 

—ve-sic'u-lo-cav'er-nous respiration, respiration* 
sound partaking of the character of both vesicular 
and cavernous respirations.— ve-sic’u-lo-pus'tu- 
lar, both vesicular and pustular.— ve-sic'u-lose 
= VESicULiFORM.-— ve-sic’u-lo-tu'bu-lar, both ve¬ 
sicular and tubular, as V. respiration, a respira- 
tion»sound with the normal vesicular quality but 
with a tubular or blowing quality added.— ve-sic’- 
u-ln-tym-pan'ic resonance, a resonance erf the 


chest between tympanic and vesicular resonance, 
ve-sic'u-lous. Having vesicles. vesiculo'sus^ 

ves-i-py'rin. Phenol acetyl ^salicylate: used in rheu¬ 
matic conditions. 

ves-pa'jus. i. A large indolent furuncle in which 
several openings for the escape of pus are formed. 
2. Suppurative follicular inflammation of the 
hairy scalp. [ < L. ves'pa wasp.] 
ves'sel. A canal or conduit by which blood, chyle, 
etc., are conveyed through the body and organs; 
VAs*. Absorbent vessels, the lymphatics, 
ves-tib'u-lar. Of or relating to a vestibule. V. 
angle, the outer angle of the duct of the cochlea, 
between Reissner’s membrane and the outer wall. 
V. aqueduct = AQUEDUCT of the vestibule. V. 
artery, a branch of the stylomastoid division of 
the posterior auricular artery to the vestibule and 
the semicircular canals. V. bulb = BULBUS ves- 
TiBULi*. V. canal = scala^vestibuli*. V. duct 
= AQUEDUCT OF THE VESTIBULE. V. gangUon, a 
branch of the geniculate ganglion in the aqueduct 
of Fallopius, giving off the vestibular nerve; gan¬ 
glion vestibulare*. V. membrane = Reissner’s 
MEMBRANE. V. nerve, a division of the audi¬ 
tory nerve giving off twigs to the saccule, the 
utricle, and the ampullae of the semicircular ca¬ 
nals; nervus vestibuli*. V. passage = scala ves- 
TiBULi*. V. portion of the cochlea, the freest and 
least coiled part of the cochlea, next the vestibule. 
V. root = V. NERVE. V. sacculus, saccule. 
ves'ti-bule. i. The small elliptical cavity of the 
internal ear behind the cochlea and in front of the 
semicircular canals; vestibulum*. 2. =Vestib- 
ULUM puDENDi. V. of the aoita. Aortic v., the 
part of the cavity of the left ventricle of the 
heart adjoining the root of the aorta. V. of the 
larynx, that part of the laryngeal cavity which is 
above the false vocal cords; vestibulum laryngis*. 
V. of the mouth = VESTIBULUM oris*. V. of the 
nose, the front part of the nostril surrounded by 
the anterior cartilages of the nose; vestibulum 
nasi*. V. of the pharynx, the passage from the 
mouth to the pharynx. V. of the vagina, V. of 

the vulva = VESTIBULUM PUDENDI. 

ves-tib'u-lum*. = Vestibule, def. i. V. ana'le, an 
invagination of the epithelium of the anal region 
of the embryo, which develops into the anal 
opening. V. laryn'gis*= vestibule of the lar¬ 
ynx. V. na'si* = VESTIBULE of the nose. V. 
o'ris*, vestibule of the mouth, the space between 
the teeth and the cheeks and lips. V. puden'di, 
the triangular recess of the mucous membrane 
between the nymphae, below the clitoris, and 
above the vagina; pierced by the urethra. V. 
vagi'nae*. i. = Vestibulum pudendi. 2. A 
persistent sinus urogenitalis. [L.] 
ves'tige. A footstep; a trace; a mark left behind, 
indicating the former existence of something 
which has now disappeared, 
ves-tig'ial. Relating to, or of the character of, a 
vestige or trace. V. fold, a fold of the pericardium 
over the root of the left lung, representing the 
obliterated duct of Cuvier; Marshall’s fold. V. 
organ, one which is poorly developed in man but 
homologous with a functionally active one in the 
lower animals. V. reflex, a reflex due to condi¬ 
tions which have affected only one’s ancestors, 
ves-tig'ium. = Vestige. V. foram'inis ova'lis, 

^ FOSSA OVALIS, def. I. 

ves'to-sol. A salve containing 2% of formaldehyde 
with oxides of zinc and boron, 
ve-su'vin. = Bismarck brown. 


VETA 


1075 


ve'ta. Mountain sickness, a disease prevalent in 
the elevated districts of South America, sup¬ 
posed to be caused by breathing rarefied air; it 
resembles sea=sickness. 

vet'e-ri-na-ry. Relating to the domestic animals. 
V. anatomy, the anatomy of domestic animals. 
V. medicine, the healing art as applied to diseases 
in domestic animals: anciently called Mulo- 
medicina. V. surgeon, a surgeon who treats the 
injuries and surgical diseases of domestic animals. 
V. surgery, the surgery of domestic animals. [< 
L. veterina'rius, fr. ve'here to carry.] fvet'e-ri- 
na'ri an, one who practises veterinary medicine, 
vet-er-no-ma'ni a. = Typhomania. 
vet-i-ve'ri a. A fragrant grass, Andropo'gon mu- 
rica'tus, which furnishes a volatile oil. 
vi'a-ble. Able or likely to live, tvi-a-bil'i-ty. 
vi'ae. Passages. V.' lachryma'les, lachrymal pas¬ 
sages ; a collective term for the double apparatus 
for the secretion and excretion of the tears, con¬ 
sisting of the lachrymal gland, the puncta 
lachrymalia, the lachrymal ducts and sac, and the 
nasal canal. V. pri'mae = PRiMAi vi/E. 
vi'al. = Phial. 

Vib. Abbr. for vibration. 

vi'bex, vi'bix, pi. vihi'ces. A narrow linear mark or 
streak: a linear subcutaneous hemorrhage, seen 
in low fevers and purpura, Ecchymosis. [L.] 
vi'bra-tile. Having an oscillatory motion ; moving 
to and fro or from side to side, or susceptible of 
vibration. V. cell, a ciliated cell. V. epithelium, 
ciliated epithelium. V. tremor = fremitus. 
vi'bra-ting pulse. A jerky form of pulse, 
vi-bra'tion. A rapid to=andsfro movement of an 
elastic body or of its molecules, Undula¬ 
tion. [L. vibra're to vibrate.] 
fvi-bra'tor. vi'bra-to-ry, vibrat¬ 
ing or causing vibration, as V. 
massage, medicine, or therapeu¬ 
tics, the treatment of certain 
diseases, especially of those of 
the nervous system, by means 
of mechanical vibrations with 
various forms of instruments: 
the seat of the vibrations is often 
over the point of exit of the 
spinal nerves. V. habit or spasm, 
an occupation neurosis due to 
habitual action in motion. 

Vib'rio. A genus of schizomycetous fungi, of a 
curved, spiral, or wavy form; also an individual 
of this genus: synonymous with Micros'pira, Spi- 
ril'lum, Spirochce'ta, and Spiroso'ma. Different 
authorities employ these terms in different ways 
to denote organisms of different degrees of wavi¬ 
ness or differing as to spore=formation, flagella, etc. 
V. au'reus, a species found in the air and mud of 
sewers and forming a golden^yellow pigment. V. 
cho'lerag, the cholera bacillus. Micros' pira com'ma 
(Koch) Schroter. V. of Finckler and Prior, a 
species at first supposed to be the cause of cholera 
nostras. V. flaves'cens or fla'vus, a species found 
in sewers, forming an ochre=colored pigment. 
V. lingua'lis, a probably toxic species, found 
in viscera of a rabbit inoculated with coating 
from the tongue. V. metchnik'ovi, a species 
found in doves inoculated with the blood of hens 
infected with chickenscholera: causes a fatal sep¬ 
ticaemia in animals. V. nasa'lis, a species found 
in the mouth and nose: causes symptoms of 
poisoning in animals. V. pro'teus, a species 
found in decomposing faeces: kills guineaspigs. 


VICQsD’AZYR’S BUNDLE 

Its cultures form cadaverine. Called also Bacil¬ 
lus of Finckler and Prior. V. saproph'iles, any of 
three nonspathogenic species distinguished as I., 
II., and III., and found in sewers. V.ssepticaemia, 
a deadly septicaemia produced by V. metchnik'ovi. 
vib'ri on, pi. vibrio'nes. An cfrganism of the genus 
Vib'rio. 

vi-bris'sa*, pi. vibris'sce. One of the stiff hairs in 
the nostrils; also one of the stiff, long=pointed 
bristles which grow from the upper lip and other 
parts of the head of mammals. 
vi*bro-ther-a-peu'tics. = Seismotherapy. 
vi-bur'nin. A precipitate from a tincture of 
Vibur'num op'ulus. 

Vibur'num. A genus of caprifoliaceous plants. V. 
op'ulus*, cramp bark, 
the dried bark of a 
species of the same 
name, with moderate 
antispasmodic proper¬ 
ties. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 
grs.). i^Fluidex- 
tractum viburni 
oPULi*. V. prunifo'- 
lium*, black haw, the 
dried bark of the root 
of a species of the same 
name, used in dysmen- 
orrhoea, nervous dis¬ 
eases of pregnancy, 
and threatened mis¬ 
carriage. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 grs.). c®-Fluidex- 
TRACTUM viburni PRUNIFOLII*. 
vi-ca'ri ous. Acting in the place of another, or 
taking the place of another, as V. secretion. V. 
diarrhoea, diarrhoea due to arrest of the function 
of some other organ, as the kidneys, the skin, 
etc., so that the bowels do extra work: compen¬ 
satory diarrhoea. V. haematemesis, vomiting of 
blood instead of its discharge from another point, 
as in amenorrhoea. V. menstruation or hemor¬ 
rhage, a flow of blood or similar fluid from some 
part other than the genitals, occurring at the 
time of and replacing in part or whole the 
menses; menometastasis; menoplania. V. oxal- 
uria, f^oxALURiA. 

vice. A fault; a defect; an imperfection. Also de¬ 
pravity; a habitual fault: the opposite of virtue. 
V. of conformation, malformation. 

Vichy salt (vi-shi). A compound representing the 
solid constituents of V. water, an alkaline, faintly 
chalybeate water from Vichy in Franoe. 
vi'cious. Harmful, objectionable. V. cicatrix, a 
cicatrix which causes a deformity or impairs the 
function of any part. V. union, the union of a 
fractured bone so as to cause a deformity, 
vi-cis'si-tude. Regular change; alternate succession, 
as that of day and night. [< L. vicissitu'do.'\ 
Vicqsd’Azyr’s bundle (vic-da-zirz). A bundle of 
white fibres extending from around the base of 
the anterior nucleus of the optic thalamus to the 
corpus albicans; thalamomammillary fasciculus, 
fasciculus thalamomammillaris {Vicq d'Azyri\*. 
V.’s centrum ovale = centrum ovale minus. 
V.’s foramen caecum, a blind recess under the 
edge of the pons, being the ending of the anterior 
fissure of the medulla oblongata; foramen caecum 
posterius. V.’s line, a line between the occipital 
and superior alveolar points, Baillarger’s 
lines. V.’s operation, laryngotom}’- "through the 
cricothyroid membrane. [ F. Vicq^d’Azyr, French 
anatomist, 1748-1794.] 




Viburnum. 








VICTORIA BLUE 


1076 


VINOSULPHURIC ACID 


Vic-to'ri a blue. Any one of several basic stains of 
the diphenylnaphthylmethane class; used as an 
elasticstissue stain. V. green = malachite green. 
V. orange, a dinitrocresol protoplasm stain. 
Vi-dal’s operation. Treatment of varicocele by 
subcutaneous constHction of the veins with wire 
ligatures. [A. G. Vidal de Cassis, French phy¬ 
sician, 1803-1856.] 

vid'ian artery. A long, slender branch from the 
third part of the internal maxillary artery, run¬ 
ning backward, along with the vidian nerve, 
through the vidian canal into the cartilage of the 
middle lacerated foramen, and giving off a pha¬ 
ryngeal, a eustachian, and a tympanic branch; 
A. canalis pterygoidei {Vidii]*. V. canal or fora¬ 
men, a canal in the sphenoid bone at the point 
where the internal pterygoid plate comes into re¬ 
lation with the great wing and the lingula; ptery¬ 
goid canal; canalis pterygoideus {Vidii\^. It 
transmits the vidian nerve and artery. V. nerve, 
a nerve formed by the junction of the great su¬ 
perficial petrosal branch of the facial nerve and 
the great deep petrosal branch of the carotid 
plexus of the sympathetic, and extending to 
Meckel’s ganglion; N. canalis pterygoideus 
\yidii\^. V. plexus, a plexus formed by the vidian 
nerve around the vidian artery. [< Vid'ius,the. 
Latin name for Guido Guidi, Italian anatomist, 
died 1569.] 

vi-e'i-rin. A substance derived from bark of Re- 
mij'ia vello'zii (vello'sii), of Brazil, where it is 
used instead of quinine. Dose, o.i Gm. (2 grs.). 
Vi-en'na caustic, paste, or powder. A mixture of 
caustic potassa with quicklime: moistened with 
water it is known as V. paste. V. draught, com¬ 
pound infusion of senna. V. green, copper 
arsenite. V. mixture, an anaesthetic mixture of 
one part of chloroform and three parts of ether. 
Vieus-sens’s centrum ovale. = Centrum ovale 
MA jus. V.’s valve, a lamina of white matter con¬ 
necting the superior peduncles of the cerebellum 
and forming the upper part of the roof of the 
fourth ventricle; valvula cerebri or cerebelli; 
valve of the brain; velum medullare anterius*. 
[R. Vieussens, a French anatomist, 1641-1715.] 
vi-fer'ral. A hypnotic prepared from chloral, 
vi-gi-lam'bu-lism. A condition simulating somnam¬ 
bulism but occurring during a waking state, 
vig'i-lance. = Pervigilium. 

vi-gil'i a. Wakefulness: an obsolescent term for in¬ 
somnia. [L.] 

vi-gin-ti-nor'mal. One twentieth the strength of 
a volumetric normal solution. 

Vignal’s bacillus (vin-yalz). Bacil'lus bucca'lis, 
found frequently in the mouth of man. 

Vi'go plaster. A mixture of lead plaster, yellow 
wax, resin, olibanum, ammoniac, bdellium, myrrh, 
saffron, mercury, turpentine, liquid storax, and 
oil of lavender: used for diseases of the skin, 
vig'o-ral. A proprietary mixture of beef extract 
and powdered beef. 

Vi'go’s powder. Red mercuric oxide. 

Vigouroux’s sign or symptom (vi-gu-ruz). Diminu¬ 
tion of the resistance of the skin to electric 
stimulation: seen in exophthalmic goitre. 

Villate’s solution (vil-lats). =Mistura adstrin- 
GENS ET ESCHAROTICA. 

ril'li. PI. of VILLUS. V. of the chorion, chorionic 
villi. E®-Villus, def. 2. V. of the intestine, w 7 /t 
iniestinales*. ^ Villus, def. i. V. pericardi'aci, 
' villi upon the internal surface of the pericardium. 
V. peritonea'les, villi upon the free surface of the 


peritoneum. V. pleura'les*, \^lli upon the parie¬ 
tal pleura. V. synovia'les* = synovial villi. 
fvil-lif'er-ous. 

vil'li-pla-cen'tal. Having a villous placenta, 
vil-li'tis. Inflammation of the coronary substance 
of a horse’s hoof. 

vil'loid. Resembling a villus or villi, 
vil'lose, vil'lous. Shaggy with long and soft hairs. 
V. cancer, V. growth = papilloma. V. mem¬ 
brane, a membrane which has villi, as intestinal 
mucous membrane. V. tumor, papilloma, fvil- 
los'i-ty, the condition of being covered with villi. 
viFlus, pi. vil'li. I. One of the minute, cylindrical 
or flngerslike projections from the mucous mem¬ 
brane of the intestine, consisting of a central axis 
of lacteal vessels, capillaries, unstriated muscle, 
and cellular tissue, encloseddn a basement mem¬ 
brane upon which is a layer of columnar epitheli¬ 
um. The villi of the intestine form the begin¬ 
nings of the absorbent vessels of the intestine. 
2. One of the vascular tufts covering the chorion 
of an embryo in its early stage. 3. One of the 
shreds of fibrin adhering to a serous surface after 
inflammation. [L., a “tuft of hair.’’] 
vin Mariani (van ma-ri-a-ni). A proprietary com¬ 
pound wine of coca. 

vi'na medica'ta. Medicated wines, Vinum, def. 2. 
vi-nas'ses. A molasses=like product of beetssugar. 
Vin'ca. A genus of apocynaceous plants; peri¬ 
winkle. V. ma'jor, greater periwinkle, and V. 
mi'nor, lesser periwinkle, are said to be useful in 
arresting hemorrhage. 

Vin'cent’s angina. A variety of membranous angi¬ 
na due to the symbiotic action of a bacillus and a 
spirillum. V.’s sign =ArgyllsRobertson pupil. 
vin-ce-tox'i-cum. las- Cynanchum. 
vin-ce-tox'in. Either of two isomeric glucosides, 
CjgHj^Og, found in the root of Cynan'chum vince- 
tox'icum. 

vin'cu-lum, pi. vin'cula. A band; a ligament; a band¬ 
age. Vincula accesso'ria, small accessory bands 
from the finger tendons to the phalanges. Hb. 
’09.] V. lin'guae = FR^NUM lingua. V. praepu'- 
tii, the frasnum of the penis. V. subfla'vum, a 
band of yellow elastic tissue running from the 
deep flexor tendon of the hand to the head of 
the second phalanx. Vincula ten'dinum. i. &- 
Retinaculum tendineum. 2. Folds of synovial 
membrane connecting the flexor tendons of the 
fingers with the bones. [L., a “band.”] 
vin'e-gar. i. An acid liquid produced by the ace¬ 
tous fermentation of wine, cider, or other vege¬ 
table juices. It is impure dilute acetic acid, 
produced by the oxidation of alcoholic solutions. 
i^’Acetum. 2. A liquid preparation of some 
medicinal substance with diluted acetic acid. 
The vinegars are V. of cantharis (B.P.), V. of 
ipecac (B.P.), V. of opium (U.S.P.), and V. of 
squill (U.S. P., B.P.). e^Acetum. V. of lead, a 
solution of lead subacetate. Wood v., vinegar 
prepared by the dry distillation of wood, 
vin'e-tin. =Oxycanthine. 

vin'ic acid. Any acidic ethyl ester, as sulphovinic 
acid, CaHg-O-SOa-O-H. 

vi-nom'e-ter. An instrument for determining the 
amount of alcohol in a liquid, 
vi-no-phos-phor'ic acid. Phosphovinic acid, est- 
VlNIC ACID. 

vi-no-py'rin. A proprietary antipyretic said to be 
paraphenetidin bitartrate. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs.). 
vi-no-sul-phur'ic acid. Ethyl sulphuric acid; sul- 
• phovinic acid. c^Vinic acid. 


VINOUS 


1077 


VIOLINISTS’ CRAMP 


vi'nous. Relating to, or resembling, wine. V. fer¬ 
mentation, a variety of alcoholic fermentation 
produced in various sugars (glucose, galactose, 
maltose, and saccharose) by various species of 
Saccharomy'ces. V. tincture, a wine. [ < L. vino'- 
sus, fr. vi'num wine.] 

vin-ox-al'ic acid. Ethyl oxalic acid. ^Vinicacid. 

ri'num. i. The juice of the grape. i^Wine. V. 
al' bum*, white wine, a pale amberscolored or 
straw*colored alcoholic liquid made by fermenting 
the juice of fresh grapes, the fruit of Vi'tis vinij'- 
era, freed from seeds, stems, and skins. Its specific 
gravity should not be less than 0.990 nor more 
than 1.010. V. al'bum Hispa'num = V. xericum. 
V. porten'se, port swine. V. ru'brum*, red wine, a 
deepsred wine, the juice of fresh, red=colored 
grapes, the fruit of Vi'iis vinif'era, fermented in 
the presence of their skins. It should have a 
rich, fruity, moderately astringent, pleasant taste, 
and should have a specific gravity of not less than 
0.989 nor more than i.oio. V. xer'icum, L. for 
sherry wine, vi'num album Hispa'num. 2. A 
medicine made by the use of wine as a men¬ 
struum. V. al'bum for'tius, stronger white wine, 
the 1880 U. S. P. name for a mixture of 7 parts 
of white wine with i part of alcohol. It should 
contain not less than 20% nor more than 25% 
of absolute alcohol, by weight. It is employed 
as a menstruum for extracting several plants. 
V. al'oes, wine of aloes, the 1880 U. S. P. name for 
a liquid made from 6 parts of purified aloes, i 
part of cardamom, i part of ginger, and a sufficient 
quantity of stronger white wine to make 100 parts. 
It is a warm stomachic purgative, useful in chlo¬ 
rosis, dyspepsia, gout, amenorrhoea, paralysis, and 
constipation. Dose, 15 to 30 Cc. to i fl. oz.). 
V. antimo'nii*, wine of antimony, a liquid made 
from 4 Gm. of antimony and potassium tartrate, 
65 Cc. of boiling distilled water, 175 Cc. of alcohol, 
and a sufficient quantity of white wine to make 
1000 Cc. It is given in small doses as a diaphoretic 
or expectorant, and in infantile cases as an emetic. 
Dose, I Cc. (15 mins.). V. aromat'icum, aromatic 
wine, the 1880 U. S. P. name for a liquid made from 
I part of lavender, i part of origanum, i part of 
peppermint, i part of rosemary, i part of sage, i 
part of wormwood, and a sufficient quantity of 
stronger white wine to make 100 parts. Used as an 
astringent and stimulating lotion in chancres, open 
buboes, and other indolent ulcers. V. auran'tii, 
“wine of orange,” the N. F. name for a preparation 
of 6 mins, of oil of bitter orange, 60 mins, of alco¬ 
hol, 120 grs. of purified talcum, and enough sherry 
wine to make 16 fl. ozs. V. camphora'tum, cam¬ 
phorated wine, wine of camphor, a preparation of 
the G. P. V. car'nis, the N. F.- name for wine of 
beef. V. car'nis et fer'ri, the N. F. name for wine 
of beef and iron. V. co'cae*, wine of coca, pre¬ 
pared from 65 Cc. of fluidextract of coca, 75 Cc. 
of alcohol, 65 Gm. of sugar, and red wine suffi¬ 
cient to make 1000 Cc. Dose, 16 Cc. (4 fl. drs.). 
V. col'chici radi'cis, the 1890 U. S. P. name for a 
wine made from 400 Gm. of colchicum root, 150 
Cc. of alcohol, and enough white wine to make 
1000 Cc. V. col'chici sem'inis*, wine of colchi¬ 
cum seed, a preparation made from 100 Gm. of 
fluidextract of colchicum seed, 150 Cc. of alco¬ 
hol, and enough white wine to make 1000 Cc. 
Dose, 2 Cc. (30 mins.). V. ergo'tae*, wine of ergot, 
a wine made from 200 Cc. of fluidextract of ergot, 
50 Cc. of alcohol, and enough white wine to make 
1000 Cc: emmenagogue and oxytocic. Dose, 8 Cc. 


(2 fl. drs.). V. erythrox'yli, wine of erythroxylon, 
the N. F. name for wine of coca. V. fer'ri*, wine 
of iron, the V. fer'ri citra'tis of the 1890 U. S. P., 
a mixture of 40 Gm. of iron and ammonium citrate, 
60 Cc. of tincture of sweet orange peel, 100 Cc. of 
syrup, and enough white wine to make 1000 Cc. 
It is used as a mild chalybeate. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 
fl. drs.). V. fer'ri ama'rum*, bitter wine of iron, 
a mixture of 50 Gm. of soluble iron and quinine 
citrate, 60 Cc. of tincture of sweet orange peel, 
300 Cc. of syrup, and enough white wine to make 
1000 Cc. Dose, 8 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). V. fer'ri citra'¬ 
tis, the 1890 U. S. P. name for V. ferri*. V. 
frax'ini america'nae, the N. F. name for wine of 
white ash. V. ipecacuan'hae*, wine of ipecac, a 
mixture of 100 Cc. of fluidextract of ipecac, 100 
Cc. of alcohol, and 800 Cc. of white wine. It is 
an expectorant and diaphoretic. Dose, i Cc. (15 
mins.). V. o'pii*, wine of opium, a liquid made 
from 100 Gm. of granulated opium, 10 Gm. of 
cassia cinnamon, 10 Gm. of cloves, and alcohol 
and white wine, of each a sufficient quantity to 
make 1000 Cc. Dose, 0.5 Cc. (8 mins.). V. pas'- 
sum, r^PASsUM. V. pepsi'ni, wine of pepsin, the 
N. F. name for a preparation made from 2 parts 
glycerite of pepsin, i part alcohol, and 7 parts 
sherry wine. V. pi'cis, the N. F. name for wine of 
tar, a preparation made from tr. ozs. of tar, 4 fl. 
ozs. of water, 2 tr. ozs. of powdered pumice, and 
enough stronger white wine to make 16 fl. ozs. 
V. rhe'i, wine of rhubarb, the 1880 U. S. P. name 
for a liquid made from 10 parts of rhubarb, i 
part of calamus, and a sufficient quantity of 
stronger white wine to make 100 parts. Dose, 
10 Cc. (2 fl. drs.). V. stibia'tum = V. antimonii*. 
V. tab'aci, wine of tobacco, an old U. S. P. name 
for a wine made from i tr. oz. of tobacco and i 
pint of sherry wine. [L., “wine.”] 

vi'nyl. An unsaturated chemical radical, CH2:CH-, 
occurring in such combinations as V. alcohol, 
CH2:CH-0H; V. chloride, CH2:CH-C1; and V. 
iodide, C2H3I. fvi-nyl-ben'zene = styrol. vi- 
nyl-cho'lin, an ammonium base closely related to 
muscarin. vi-nyl-tri-meth'yl ammonium hydrox¬ 
ide =neurin, def. 2. 

vi'o-form. A local disinfectant resembling iodo¬ 
form and used in the same way; iodochloroxy- 
quinolin; it does not liberate iodine in the tissues, 
being excreted unchanged; and is said to be free 
from poisonous properties. 

Vi'ola. A genus of violaceous plants, including 
the common American violet, V, palma'ta (cucul- 
la'ta) ; the fragrant European violet, V. odora'ta; 
and the pansy, V. tricolor, all of which were 
formerly pharmacopoeial, their medicinal action 
resembling that of ipecac. The purple pigment of 
the flowers is turned green or yellow by alkalies, 
and has been used as an indicator. V.=quercitrin, 
a yellow, crystalline glucoside found in V. odora'ta. 
tvi-o-la'ce ous, resembling the violet, vi'o-line, 
an alkaloid, similar to emetine, from V. odora'ta. 

vi-o-la'tion. = Rape. 

vi'o-let. I. 15 “ Viola. 2. One of the colors of the 
spectrum. It possesses the greatest refrangi- 
bility of the spectral colors and is furthest re¬ 
moved from the red. Ultraviolet; methyl 
VIOLET. V.sblindness, inability to perceive violet. 

vi-o-lin'ists’ or violin'=play'ers’ craihp. i. Spasm of 
the muscles of the forearm and hand, similar to 
writers’ cramp, occurring in violinsplayers. 2. 
Cramp affecting the left shoulder of violinists, 
due to the strained position in holding the violin. 


VIPERINE 


1078 


VISCAOUTCHIN 


ri'per-ine. A peculiar principle found in the venom 
of the viper and other snakes, 
vir, gen. vi'ri. Latin for “man” as distinguished 
from a woman; “male.” ^ Homo. 
vir-a-gin'i-ty. The sexual perversion of effeminacy 
in a man. [< L. vira'go a manslike woman.] 
vir'a-gint. One affected with viraginity. 
VirchowsHolder angle (fir'cHo-hol'dfr). The cra- 
niometrical angle between a line from the 
superciliary de¬ 
pression to the 
most promi¬ 
nent point of 
the alveolar 
edge of the 
maxilla and a 
line from the 
upper edge of 
the external 
auditory mea¬ 
tus to the lower 
edge of the or¬ 
bit; Munichs 
Frankfort fa¬ 
cial angle. 

VirchowsRobin 
space (fir'cHo- 
ro-bah). The 
lymphsspace 
between the 
outer and mid¬ 
dle layers of an 
artery. 

Virchow’s angle (pir'cndz). The angle at the sub¬ 
nasal point between the nasobasilar line and the 
nasosubnasal line. V.’s Archiv, a name com¬ 
monly used for the Archiv fur Pathologische An- 
atomie und Physiologic und fur Klinische Medizin, 
established by Virchow. V.’s disease = leon- 
TiAsis ossEA. v.’s horizontal or plane = AURic- 
ULOsiNFRAORBiTAL PLANE. V.’s line, the line 
uniting the lambda and the root of the nose. 
V.’s theory, the theory that every cell is derived 
from a cell {omnis cellula e cellula). 
vi'res, gen. vir'iuni. The plural of vis, force. [L.] 
vir'ga. = Penis. [L., “rod.”] 
vir'gate. Rod*shaped; wandslike; long, straight, 
and slender. [ < L. virga'ius, fr. vir'ga wand.] 
vir'gin. i. A woman who has never had sexual 
intercourse. 2. Pure; umised; fresh. V. honey, 
the honey that flows from the comb without 
pressure or the application of heat. V. oil, the 
best quality of olive oil, pressed from the fruit 
just before it is perfectly mature. V. tooth, a 
milkstooth of a horse, not yet worn by use. [ < L. 
vir'go virgin.] vir'gi- 
nal, relating to a vir¬ 
gin. V. generation, V. 
reproduction, parthe¬ 
nogenesis. V. mem¬ 
brane, the hymen. [ < 

L. virgina'lis.] 
vir-gi-na'le claus'trum. 

= Hymen*. 

Vir-gin'ia cedar. =Red 
CEDAR. V. creeper, 

V. snakesroot = Ar- 

ISTOLOCHIA SERPEN- 
T A RI A . 



Virginia Creeper. 



vir-gin'i-ty. The state or condition of a virgin, 
vir'gin’s milk. i. A mixture of tincture of benzoin 
and water. 2. A suspension of lead sulphate. 


vir'i-de se'ris. Verdigris. 

vir'i-din. A greenish, oily substance, CjjHjgN, dis¬ 
tilled from bone=oil and coaLtar. 
vir'i-dine. =Jervine. 

vir'ile. Belonging to a man; peculiar to a man as 
distinguished from a woman. V. membrum, the 
penis. V. reflex, retraction of the bulbocaver¬ 
nous portion of the urethra, caused by percussion 
of the urethral or lateral aspects of the penis 
near the perineum. 1®- Bulbocavernous re¬ 
flex. [< L. viri'lis fr. vir man.] 
vir-i-les'cence. The condition of an aged woman 
in which she assumes some characteristics of the 
male sex. [ < L. viri'lis manly.] 
vi-ril'i a. The male generative organs, 
vi-ril'i-ty. Manhood; full age; usually applied to 
the generative power of man. 
vi'roid. =Vaccine. [Tf/. A. M. A. ij.’10.] 
vi'rous, vi'rose. Full of virus; poisonous, 
vir'tual cautery. Cautery by the application of 
caustic substances; potential cautery. V. focus, 
^ FOCUS. V. image, the image formed by im¬ 
aginary focus of the rays, as behind a mirror. V. 
tensionspulse, a pulse of high tension accompany¬ 
ing a failing heart, 
vir'tue. i^Vice. 

vir'u-lence. Malignity; especially of a microbe, 
vir'u-lent. Poisonous; malignant; caused by virus, 
or having the nature of virus. V. bubo, ^bubo. 
vir-u-lif'e-rous. Producing or conveying virus, 
vir'u-lin. A poison extracted from pneumococci, 
vi'rus. Any poisonous matter produced by disease 
and capable of propagating that disease by in¬ 
oculation or contagion; a deleterious agent sup¬ 
posed to be a parasitic organism or germ, ts- 
Vaccine. Attenuated v., a virus modified by 
cultures and inoculations so as to protect the in¬ 
dividual into whom it is inoculated against the 
disease of which it is the specific cause. Filter¬ 
able or ultramicroscopic v., any pathogenic agent 
which will pass through a porcelain filter. V. 
fixe, rabic virus whose virulence has been aug¬ 
mented by passing through rabbits until it proves 
fatal to them in about i week instead of 3. 
Humanized v., vaccine^virus secured from the 
human subject. Organized v., a microsorganism. 
Unorganized v., a poisonous chemical substance 
developed in the body, leucomaine, ptomaine, 
poisonous proteid. [L., fr. iof poison.] 
vis, pi. vi'res. Force or power. V. a fron'te, force 
from the front, an impulse directed from the 
front backward. V. a ter'go, force from behind, 
any impelling power, as the contractile force of 
the ventricles and the elastic force of the arteries 
in propelling the blood through the vessels. V. 
formati'va, the formative power or influence 
which is supposed to preside over the nourish¬ 
ment and growth of the body and the perform¬ 
ance of its various functions. V. genera'trix, the 
power of generation. V. iner'tiae, the force of 
inertia. V. medica'trix (conserva'trix) natu'rae, 
the healing or preserving power of nature. V. 
mor'tua, dead force, that property by which a 
muscle contracts after the death of the animal 
to which it belongs, or after it has been cut from 
a living body. V. ner'vea, nervous force or power, 
that power in the muscular fibre which enables it 
to receive impressions brought by the nerves. V. 
vi'tae or vita'lis, vital power or force, cf- Irrita¬ 
bility. [L.] 

viscaoutchin (vts-cfl'tshtn). An elastic substance, 
CgHieO, derived from birdlime. 









VISCERA 


1079 


VISUAL 


vis'ce-ra. Entrails: pi. of viscus. fvis'ce-rad. 
vis'ce-ral. Belonging to the viscera; splanchnic. 
V. anaesthesia, absence of visceral sensations. V. 
arches, a series of four distinct lateral folds of 
the walls of the human embryo in the region of 
the neck. The cartilages within the first arch, 
which includes the mandibular and maxillary 
processes, develop into the inferior and superior 
maxillary bones, the mandibular or Meckel’s car¬ 
tilage probably additionally forming the malleus 
and incus of the middle ear; the cartilage of the 
second, or hyoid, arch is represented by the sty¬ 
loid process, the stylohyoid ligament, and the 
lesser cornu of the hyoid bone; and the cartilage 
of the third, or thyrohyoid, arch is represented by 
the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. V. aura, 
various peculiar sensations in the abdominal re¬ 
gion coming on as premonitory of an epileptic 
,^attack. V. cavity, the cavity of the body con¬ 
taining the viscera. V. clefts, the furrows be¬ 
tween the visceral arches. In man they are not 
true clefts, but consist of external and internal 
furrows separated by a thin plate of tissue. They 
are* the hyomandihular or hyoid cleft, between the 
mandibular and hyoid arches; the hyobranchial 
cleft, between the hyoid and first branchial 
arches; and the branchial clefts, between the 
branchial arches. V. crisis, paroxysms of shoot¬ 
ing pains in any of the viscera, generally asso¬ 
ciated with tabes dorsalis. Rectal, urethral, intes¬ 
tinal, vesical, and gastric are some of the varieties 
of visceral crisis. V. inversion = transposition, 
def. 2. V. kinesioneurosis, kinesioneurosis. 
V. mesoblast or mesoderm = splanchnopleure, 
def. T. V. muscle, muscle connected with a vis¬ 
cus. V. nervous system, the sympathetic nervous 
system. V. neuralgia = visceralgia. V. paraes- 
thesia, abnormal sensation, beyond mere excess 
of normal visceral sensation, referred to some 
viscus. V. pericardium, ta- pericardium. V. peri¬ 
toneum, ta- PERITONEUM. V. plate, the visceral 
mesoblast. V. pleura, ra- pleura. V. reflex, a 
reflex in which the stimulus proceeds from a vis¬ 
cus. V. rheumatism, rheumatism of the viscera. 
V. scrofula, tuberculosis of the viscera. V. sen¬ 
sation, a sensation produced by visceral activi¬ 
ties. V. sense = SEVENTH sense. V. skeleton. 
I. The parts of the bony skeleton forming the 
haemal arches (t. e., the ribs, sternum, and costal 
cartilages). 2. The skeleton of the visceral 
arches. V. slits = visceral clefts. V. tube, 
the visceral cavity, especially in an early embry¬ 
onic state, when it is tubular, 
vis-ce-ral'gi a. Neuralgic pain in an abdominal or 
other viscus. [ < L. vis'cera -t- a^iyog pain.] 
vis-ce-ra'tion. = Evisceration. 
vis-ce-ri'tis. Inflammation of the viscera, 
vis'ce-ro-. Relating to the viscera or to a viscus; 
SPLANCHNO-: a combining form. [< L. vis'cus, 
vis'ceris internal organ.] visxe-rosin-hib'i-to-ry, 
inhibiting the motion of viscera.— vis‘ce-ro-mo'- 
tor nerve, a nerve carrying motor influence to any 
of the viscera.— vis*ce-ro-pa-ri'e-tal suture, a su¬ 
ture for fastening an opening in an organ to an ab¬ 
dominal incision.— vis'ce-ro-pleu'ral = pleuro- 
viscERAL. — vis*ce-rop-to'sis, falling down of a 
viscus or of the viscera, due to relaxation of the 
abdominal walls and of the supporting ligaments; 
enteroptosis; Glenard’s disease.— vis*ce-ro-skel'e- 
tal, relating to the visceral skeleton.— vis'ce-ro- 
so-mat'ic, relating both to the viscera and to the 
body. 


vis'cid. Sticky; adhesive; mucilaginous; gluti¬ 
nous; in bacteriology, denoting a growth which 
follows the needle when touched and withdrawn, 
the sediment on shaking rising as a coherent 
swirl. tvis-cid'i-ty, vis-cos'i-ty, the quality of 
being viscid: adhesiveness, 
vis-cin. A viscid substance obtained from mistle¬ 
toe {Vis'cum al'bum): the principal constituent 
of birdlime. 

vis'coid. I. Resembling birdlime. 2. Resembling 
the mistletoe. 

vis'co-lan. An ointment base said to be prepared 
from viscin, oil^ fats, and resins or fatty acids; 
used in treatment of granulating wounds, etc. 
vis-com'e-ter, vis-co-sim'e-ter. An apparatus for 
determining the viscosity of a fluid, tvis-com'- 
e-try; vis-co-sim'e-try. 

vis'cose. I. = Viscous. 2. A gummy substance 
formed by viscous fermentation, 
vis-cos'ity. = Viscidity. 

vis'cous. Very glutinous; adhesive; sticky. V. 
fermentation, i. A variety of fermentation pro¬ 
duced in dextrose and invert*sugar by the Sirep- 
tococ'cus fermen'ti, resulting in the formation of 
viscose and mannite; gummic fermentation It 
causes the ropy condition of wines. 2. Fermen¬ 
tation produced in milk, urine and bouillon by 
the Bacte'rium glischrog'enum, rendering them 
viscid. 3. Fermentation produced in milk by the 
Bacil'lus lac'tis pituito'si, rendering the milk 
mucilaginous. V. metamorphosis, the coalescence 
of blood*plaques to form a thrombus, 
vis'cum. ^Mistletoe. 

vis'cus, pi. vis'cera. Any organ contained in a 
bodyscavity, especially within the abdomen, 
vishqcki (vfs-huc'i). Asiatic cholera. [Indian.] 
vis'i-ble. Capable of being seen. 

vi'sion. I. Sight; the faculty of seeing; the act of 
seeing. 2. The object of sight; an apparition. 
For varieties of vision see the adjectives. De¬ 
fective or depraved V. = DYsopsiA. Double v.= 
DIPLOPIA. Point of V., the position from which 
a thing is seen. [ < L. vi'sio fr. vide're to see.] 
vis'ual. Pertaining to, or used in, vision. V. 
acuteness, V. acuity, the sharpness of vision. V. 
amnesia, mind=blindness. Amnesia. V. angle, 
in optics, the angle under which an object is seen, 
or the angle formed at the eye by the rays of 
light coming from the extremities of an object. 
V. area, the region of the cerebral cortex con¬ 
cerned in receiving visual sensations; the occipital 
region. V. axis, the line drawn from the point 
of direct vision on the retina to the fixation*point. 
V. cellslayer = mesoretina. V. cells, the neuro» 
epithelial elements of the retina the outer special¬ 
ized segments of which are the rods and cones. 
V. centres, nervous centres controlling the power 
of vision, and situated probably within the cu- 
neus of the occipital lobe. V. cone, a cone en¬ 
closed by rays from the boundaries of a visible 
object to the eye. V. field = field of vision. 
V. girdle, the stripe of visual purple in the retina 
of animals. V. image, mental images. V. 
line, the visual axis. V. lobe, ts- physiological 
LOBES. V. logagnosia, mindsblindness. V. path, 
the nervous path or tract along which a visual 
sensation travels from the retina to the brain. 
V. plane, the plane which passes through the 
visual axes of the two eyes. V. point, that point 
in the retina from which the visual axis starts; 
the centre of vision. V. purple, a purple pigment 
found during life in the outer segments of th^ 


VISUO*AUDITORY 


1080 


VITREOUS 


rods of the retina; retinal purple; retinal red; 
rhodopsin. It is bleached by exposure to light, 
but regains its purple color on being placed in 
the dark. V. rays, the lines of light coming from 
an object to the eye. V. sense, sight. V. space, 
the visual field. V. strife = rivalry of the 
VISUAL FIELDS. V. White, visual purple which has 
been bleached by exposure to light. V. words 
centre, the cerebral centre associated with the 
understanding of written words. V. yellow, visual 
purple partially bleached by the action of light. 
V. zone, the region in the vicinity of the visual 
axis in which there is little or no aberration: con¬ 
trasted with the extravisual zone surrounding it, 
which is not capable of accurately focussing light, 
tvis'u-a-lize. vis-u-a-li-za'tion. 
vis‘u-osau'di-to-ry. Relating to vision and audition. 
V. fibres, nerve^fibres which join the visual and 
auditory centres. 

vi'sus. = Vision. V. dimidia'tus = hemianopia. 
V. diur'nus, day vision, fs- nyctalopia. V. du- 
plica^tus, doubled vision = diplopia. V. noc- 
tur'nus, night vision or day*blindness. V. trip'- 
lex, triple vision = triplopia. 

Vit. ov. sol. V.o.s. 

vi'ta. The state of existence or being; life. [L.] 
vi'tal. Belonging or essential to life. V. affinity, 
that power which forms the solids and fluids from 
the common circulating fluids. V. air, oxygen 
gas. V. capacity, the amount of air (in the new* 
bom child, 120 Cc.; in a healthy adult, 3500 Cc.) 
which a person can forcibly expire after a full in¬ 
spiration: the measure which includes the comple- 
mental air, the tidal air, and the reserve air, but 
not the residual air. ^Spirometer; breathing 
CAPACITY. V. centre, the respiration*centre. V. 
force, the energy which characterizes an organism 
possessing life. V. heat, the heat produced by the 
metabolic processes of an animal or plant, 
Calor animalis. V. knot, V. point, the respiratory 
centre in the medulla oblongata. V. principle, 
that on which life depends; the unknown cause 
of life; principium vitae. V. sense = ccen.®sthe- 
siA. V. signs, the respiration, pulse, and tem¬ 
perature. V. statistics = statistics, MEDICAL. V. 
tripod, the heart, lungs, and brain. 

Vitali’s test (vi-tal'iz). i. A test for alkaloids made 
by evaporating with fuming nitric acid and add¬ 
ing a drop of an alcoholic solution of potassium 
hydrate, when color reactions will occur. With 
atropine, the color will be violet, afterward turn¬ 
ing red. 2. A test for alkaloids made by adding 
sulphuric acid, potassium chlorate, and an alka¬ 
line sulphide, when color reactions will occur. 3. 
A test for bile coloring matter made by adding a 
solution of quinine bisulphate, neutralizing with 
ammonia, adding sulphuric acid, a crystal of 
sugar, and some alcohol, when a violet color will 
be formed. 4. A test for thymol made by distill¬ 
ing and passing the vapor through a mixture of 
chloroform and solution of potassium hydrate, 
when a red color will be formed, 
vi'ta-lism. The doctrine which ascribes every 
function of the organism to the direct agency 
of a vital principle. [ < L. vi'ta life.] fvi'ta-list. 
vi-tal'i-ty. The principle of life; vital action or 
power; the assemblage of properties inherent in 
organized beings. [< L. vital'itas, fr. vi'ta life, 
vi'ta-lize. To animate; to endow with life, 
vi'tals. = Viscera. 

Vitel. Abbr. for L. vitel'lus yolk, 
vit'el-la-ry. = Vitelline. * 


vi-teTli-cle. The umbilical vesicle, 
vi-tel'lin. A proteid substance, the chief constitu¬ 
ent of the yolk of egg. 

vi-tel'line. Pertaining to, or resembling, the vitel- 
lus. V. artery, an artery which in early fetal life 
extends from the primitive aorta to the yolk*sac. 
V. circulation, the circulation through the blood* 
vessels ramifying upon the yolk. V. disk = dis¬ 
cus PROLIGERUS. V. duct = omphalomesen¬ 
teric CANAL. V. fluid, the fluid in the umbilical 
vesicle. V. membrane, the external membrane 
of the ovum; membrana corticalis. It encloses 
the yolk, or vitellus, and is sometimes called zona 
pellucida, but this term is more properly re¬ 
stricted to the immediate envelope of the yolk. 
V. nucleus, the nucleus formed within the vitel¬ 
lus by the union of the male and female pro¬ 
nuclei. V. pedicle, the pedicle joining the um¬ 
bilical vesicle with the embryo. V. pole, the 
pole of an ovum toward which the food*yolk is 
accumulated; vegetative pole; antigerminal pole: 
opposite to the germinal or animal pole. V. 
pouch, V. sac = UMBILICAL VESICLE. V. Sphere 
= segmentation sphere. V. Vein = OMPHALO* 
MESENTERIC VEIN, def. I. Anterior v. vein, a vein 
uniting the sinus terminalis and the posterior 
vitelline vein. 

vitel'lo o'vi solu'tus. Dissolved in the yolk of an 
egg: abbr. v.o.s. [L.] 

vi-tel'losin-tes'ti-nal duct. = Umbilical duct. 
vi-tel*lo-lu'te in. A yellow lutein from egg*yolk. 

[L. vitel'lus yolk -f- lu'teus yellow.] 
vit-el-lo-ru'bin. A red pigment from lutein, 
vi-tel'lose. A proteose from vitellin. 
vi-tel'lus. I. The yelk or yolk of the ovum, par¬ 
ticularly of the avian or reptilian egg. It and 
its sac later become the vesicula umbilicalis. 2. 
In botany, the thickened embryossac persistent 
in the seed, as in Sauru'rus. 3. The 1890 U. S. P. 
name for the yolk of the egg of Gal'lus banki'va 
var. domes'ticus. V. formati'vus, formative yolk, 
the germinal or protoplasmic portion of the vi¬ 
tellus as distinguished from the nutrient portion, 
V. nutriti'vus, which goes to nourish it. 

Vi'tex ag'nus cas'tus. ty Agnus castus. 
vit-i-li'go, pi. vitili'gines. A skin disease in which 
there are smooth, white, glistening patches about 
the ears, neck, or face, or over the whole body; 
piebald skin; white leprosy. V. cap'itis or cel'si 
= ALOPECIA AREATA. V. gravlor, vitiligo in which 
the skin of almost the entire body is covered 
with large brownish patches of various shades, 
with non=pigmented interstices. fvi-til'i-goid, 
like vitiligo, vi-til-i-goi'de a = xanthoma. 
vi'ti um, pi. vi'tia. A fault; a deformity; a disease. 
V. conformatio'nis, malformation. V. cor'dis, a 
defect or disease of the heart. [L.] fvit-i-a'tion. 
vi-to-dy-nam'ic. Relating to the vital forces, 
vit-re-o-cap-su-li'tis. = Hyalitis. 
vit*re-o-den'tin. An unusually hard form of dentin. 

[L. vi'trum glass -f dentin.] fvit're-o-den'tal. 
vit-re ous. i. Glassy; hyaline. 2. The vitreous 
body or humor. Artificial v., a ball of glass or of 
other material inserted after evisceration of the 
eyeball. V. body, the colorless, transparent, gelat¬ 
inous body, enclosed in the hyaloid membrane, 
which fills the back part of the eye between the 
crystalline lens and the retina; corpus vitreum^. 
It consists of a frame*work of very fine fibres 
(V. stroma or strotna vitreum*), the interspaces 
between which are filled with a fluid (V. humor 
or humor vitreus*). V. chamber, the compart- 



VITRIFICATION 


1081 


VOLITION 


ment within the eyeball between the lens and its 
suspensory ligament in front and the retina be¬ 
hind: often incorrectly called the posterior cham¬ 
ber of the eye. V. degeneration = hyaline de¬ 
generation. V. electricity, static electricity de¬ 
veloped by friction on glass; positive electricity. 
V. humor, i^V. body. V. humor of the ear = 
ENDOLYMPH. V. infiltration, small disseminated 
spots of degeneration in the internal layer of 
the choroid, seen with the ophthalmoscope as 
small pink or yellow spots. V. lamina = V. mem¬ 
brane, def. I, V. lens, the vitreous body of the 
eye. V. membrane, i. The internal membrane 
of the choroid; the lamina vitrea. 2. One of the 
layers of the hairsfollicle between the outer root* 
sheath and the internal layer. V. phosphorus, 
IS- PHOSPHORUS. V. stroma, c®-V. body. V. table, 
the inner of the tables of a cranial bone. V. 
warts, small, round, transparent bodies on the pos¬ 
terior comeal surface near the edge of Descemet’s 
membrane, fvit'ri um = vitreous body. 
vit'ri-fi-ca'tion, vit-ri-fac'tion. The act or process 
of vitrifying, or converting into glass; the fusion 
of mineral substances capable of becoming glassy, 
vi-tri'na. A vitreous humor. V. audito'fia = en- 
DOLYMPH. V. oc'uli =VITREOUS BODY, 
vit'ri ol, vit-ri'o-lum. i. A term applied to the sul¬ 
phates of iron, copper, zinc, according to their 
respective colors, as green, blue, and white vitriol: 
named from their glass*like appearance. 2. A 
popular term for sulphuric acid. Acid of v., 
sulphuric acid. Blue v., copper sulphate. Elixir 
of V., aromatic sulphuric acid. Green v., ferrous 
sulphate. Oil of v., sulphuric acid, because for¬ 
merly obtained by distillation from green vitriol. 
White V., zinc sulphate. [< L. vi'trum glass.] 
tvit-ri-ol'ic, as V. acid, sulphuric acid, 
vi'trum. L. for glass. V. antimo'nii, glass of anti¬ 
mony, a reddishsbrown colored glass obtained by 
first calcining antimony and then melting it in a 
crucible: used in preparing tartarized antimony, 
vit'u-lar. Relating to calves. V. apoplexy or fever, 
cerebral apoplexy of cows during parturition, 
vit'u-line. Relating to calves or to veal. V. lymph, 
calf lymph. 

vi-va'cious. Animated; lively; tenacious of life, 
vivi-fi-ca'tion. Making alive: applied to the con¬ 
version of proteids into living tissue, which takes 
place in the process of assimilation, 
vi-vip'a-rous. Bringing forth young alive. V. gen¬ 
eration, generation in which the young are carried 
by the mother until fully developed, fviv-i-pa'- 
tion, viviparous generation, 
vivi-per-cep'tion. The observation of physiological 
phenomena without vivisection, 
viv-i-sec'tion. The practice of cutting into or dis¬ 
secting living animals; experimentation upon 
living animals, fviv'i-sect, to dissect while alive, 
viv'i-sec-tor, vivi-sec'tion-ist, one who practises 
vivisection, vivi-sec-to'ri um, a laboratory adap¬ 
ted for vivisection operations. 

Vleminckx’s lotion or solution (vkm'mgcs-tz). = 
Liquor calcis sulphurate. 
vo'cal. Pertaining to the voice, or uttered by the 
voice. V. auscultation, auscultation of the sounds 
of the voice through the chest*walls. V. bands, 
V. cords, the thyro*arytenoid ligaments enclosed 
in folds of mucous membrane. They are distin¬ 
guished as superior or false {plicae ventriculares*), 
and inferior or true {plicae vocales*), the latter of 
which alone are concerned in the production of 
the voice, tv Chorde vocales. V. fremitus, the 


vibration of the chest*wall felt by the hand when 
the' subject speaks. 'V. glottis, the glottis. V. 
gymnastics, methodical exercise of the voice for 
the purpose of increasing the expansion of the 
lungs. V. ligament, the inferior thyro*arytenoid 
FOLD. 'V. ligaments, the true vocal chords. 'V. 
muscle, the interior portion of the thyro*aryte- 
noid muscle; M. vocalis*. V. process, the an¬ 
terior process of the arytenoid cartilage, to which 
the true vocal cord is attached; processus vocalis*. 
V. resonance, the sound heard by the ear applied 
to the chestswall while the subject speaks. W. 
signs, signs of disease obtained by examination 
of the voice, including vocal fremitus and vocal 
resonance. W. tube, the portion of the air*pas- 
sages situated above the vocal cords, 
vo-ca'lis. = Vocal MUSCLE, 
vod'ka. A Russian variety of whisky. 

Vogt’s angle (focHts). The angle between the al- 
veolonasal and nasobasilar lines. V.’s line, a 
craniometrical line extending from the maximum 
occipital point to the superior alveolar point. 
[Karl Vogt, German physiologist, born 1817.] 
Voh'sensDa'vid-sohn’s sign. = Davidsohn’s sign. 
Vohsen’s method (fd'z^nz). Illumination of the 
frontal sinus through its orbital surface, 
voice. The sound produced in the larynx by means 
of the air which passes out of the trachea. Voice 
is produced by vibration of the vocal cords, the 
quality being modified by resonance of the nasal, 
pharyngeal, and buccal cavities. Chest v., the 
full voice produced by vibration of the whole 
thickness of the cords. Head v., the thin, high* 
pitched voice produced by vibration of only the 
edge of the cord. [ < L. vox voice.] 

Voigt’s lines. The lines which demark the regions 
of distribution of two peripheral nerve*trunks. 
Voit’s nucleus. A nucleus of the cerebellum ac¬ 
cessory to the corpus dentatum. 
vo'la, pi. vo'loB. The palm of the hand or the hol¬ 
low of the sole of the foot. [L.] 
vo'lar. Relating to the palm; palmar. Superficial 
V. artery, a small branch of the radial artery to 
the muscles of the thenar eminence. V. digital 
arteries, the pdlmar digital arteries. V. tuberos¬ 
ity, a semicircular eminence on the palmar sur¬ 
face of an ungual phalanx, 
vo-lat'ic. Flying; flitting. [< L. vola're to 
vol'a-tile. Evaporating; flying off; disposed to pass 
off by spontaneous evaporation; susceptible of 
being reduced to vapor by the action of heat. 
V. alkali = AMMONIA. V. liniment = linimen- 
TUM AMMONiE*. V. oils [L. O'lea volatil'ia or 
O'lea destilla'ta], oils found in aromatic plants, 
from which they are usually obtained by distilla¬ 
tion. Hence they are termed distilled oils {olea 
destillata), essential oils because they constitute 
the essence of the plant, and ethereal oils. 

Olea. V. salt, ammonia. [ < L. volat'ilis.'\ 
tvol-a-til'i-ty. voka-til-i-za'tion, the changing of 
a solid or a liquid into gas or vapor, vol'a-ti-li- 
zer, an atomizer. 

Vol'hard’s solution. An aqueous solution of potas¬ 
sium sulphocyanate in the proportion of 9.653 
Gm. to the litre; decinormal potassium sulpho¬ 
cyanate volumetric solution, 
vo-li'tion. The act of willing or choosing; will; a 
wish. [ < L. vel'le, vol'itum to desire.] fvo-li'- 
tion-al, as V. insanity, insanity marked by an 
impairment of the will*power: and V. tremor, 
tremor caused or increased by attempts at vol¬ 
untary movements of the muscles concerned. 


VOLKMANN’S ANTISEPTIC SOLUTION 1082 


VON 


Volkmann’s antiseptic solution (fdlc'manz). A mix¬ 
ture of 30 grs. of thymol, 5 fl. drs. of alcohol, 10 
fl. drs. of glycerin, and 6 fi. ozs. of water. V.’s 
canals, passages in the subperiosteal layer of 
bones for the passage of blood*vessels. They 
communicate with the haversian canals. V.’s 
deformity, congenital luxation of the tibiotarsal 
' joint. V.’s membrane, a thin, yellowish mem¬ 
brane lining the fibrous wall of tuberculous ab¬ 
scesses. It is studded with miliary tubercles. 
V.’s paralysis = ISCHEMIC paralysis. V.’s sus¬ 
pension, SUSPENSION, def. 2. [A. W. Volkmann, 

German physiologist, 1801—1873.] 

VolTey. Artificial muscle clonus, 
volsel'lum forceps, vol-sel'la. A forceps e^ch blade of 
which has hooked extremities. [Tf J .A.M .A.iy ’10.] 
volt. The unit of electrical potential or pressure, 
loo/iio of the potential of a standard Daniell 
CELL. V.sampere, a watt. V. battery, a galvanic 
battery. V.scoulomb, the unit of electric work. 
V. electricity, galvanic electricity. [< Volta, an 
Italian scientist.] 

vol'tage. Electric tension; electromotive force, 
vol'ta-gramme. A specially devised faradic battery 
giving a nearly continuous current, 
vol-ta'ic. A term applied to a galvanic 
apparatus or battery invented by 
Volta. i^Galvanic. V. alternatives, 
sudden reversals of the polarity of the 
electrodes of a galvanic battery. V. 
battery, a galvanic battery. V. cur¬ 
rent, a galvanic current. V. electricity 
= GALVANISM. V. irritability, suscep¬ 
tibility of tissue to irritation by the 
galvanic current. V. pile, a primi¬ 
tive form of galvanic battery, consist¬ 
ing of a series of pairs of zinc and 
copper plates placed over one another 
and separated by paper wet with an 
acid or a saline solution, fvol'ta-ism 
= GALVANISM, vol-ta-i-za'tion. 
vol-tam'e-ter. An instrument which 
indicates the strength of a galvanic 
current by measuring the amount of a silver salt 
or other electrolyte which the current decomposes 
in a given time. 

volt-am'me-ter. A combined voltmeter and am¬ 
meter. 

volt'me-ter. An instrument for measuring and ex¬ 
pressing electromotive force in volts. 
Vol-to’lisHer'yng sign. = Heryng’s sign. 
Voltolini’s disease (vol-to-li'niz). Acute purulent 
inflammation of the internal ear, attended by 
violent pain and followed by unconsciousness, 
delirium, and fever. V.’s method, the use of 
transillumination for the examination of the 
anterior nasal region. V.’s tube, a tube for hold¬ 
ing open an incision in the tympanic membrane. 
[R. VoltoUni, German physician, 1819-1889.] 
vol'ume. The bulk or dimension of a substance; 
the space which a substance occupies. V. pulse, 
the increase in the dimensions of an artery 
induced by the pulse^wave. 
voku-me-nom'e-try. The art of determining the 
volumes or spaces occupied by bodies, especially 
solids. One method is by measuring the bulk of 
water that overflows when the solid to be meas¬ 
ured is plunged into a vessel filled to the brim, 
vol-u-met'ric. Pertaining to measurement by vol¬ 
ume. V. analysis, quantitative analysis performed 
by ascertaining the volume of a solution of 
known strength {standard solution) necessary to 


produce complete and exact neutralization, pre¬ 
cipitation, oxidation, etc.; titration. V. solution, 
a solution containing a definite amount of known 
reagents, as a normal solution of an acid, 
vol'un-ta-ry. Relating to the will; spontaneous; 
acting or moving in obedience to the will, as the 
V. nerves, which transmit the influence or man¬ 
date of the will to the muscles. V. inhibition, the 
checking of a reflex by an action of the will. V. 
motor tract, that part of the motor tract which 
extends from the cerebral cortex to the^ ventral 
horns of the cord. V. muscle, ^ muscle; mus¬ 
cular TISSUE. [<i V. volun'tas vfiW.] vol*un-to- 
mo'to-ry, relating to voluntary motion, 
vo-lute'. Rolled up, as a plant leaf in the bud. 
vo-lu'tion. A convolution. 

vol'vu-lus. Twisting or knotting of the intestine, 
causing ileus with its accompanying symptoms, 
vo'mer*. A small thin bone in the median line, 
forming the posterior and inferior portion of the 
septum narium. V. cartilagin'eus = Jacobson’s 
CARTILAGE. [L., a “ ploughshare.”] fvo'mer-ine, 
relating to the vomer. 

vo'me-ro-. Relating to the vomer: a combining 
form. [< L. vo'mer.'] vo’me-ro-bas'i-lar canals, 
canals formed by the junction of the vomer and 
the sphenoid bone.— vo'me-ro-na'sal, relating to 
the vomer and nasal bone, as V. cartilage = 
Jacobson’s cartilage and V, organ = Jacob¬ 
son’s ORGAN. 

vom'i-ca. A cavity in the lungs, accompanied by 
expectoration of a purulent fluid. V. laryn'gis, 
inflammation of the perichondrium of the laryn¬ 
geal cartilages. [L., a cavity.] 
vom'i-cine, vom-i-ci'na. = Brucine. 
vom'i-cose. Full of ulcers; purulent, 
vom'it. I. An emetic draught or powder; also the 
matter ejected by vomiting. 2. To eject from 
the mouth matters contained in the stomach. 
Some varieties of vomit are Bilious, Black, 
Bloody, Coffeesground, and White. 
vom'i-tine. = Emetine. 

vom'i-ting, vo-mi'tion. The forcible ejection of 
the contents of the stomach through the oesopha¬ 
gus and mouth, usually preceded by nausea and 
salivation. m- Sea-sickness. V. of blood = 
H^MATEMESis. V. Centre, a nerve-centre in the 
medulla oblongata whose stimulation produces 
vomiting. Dry v., cf-dry. Fecal v., fecal. 
Hyperacid v., m- hyperchlorhydria. Perni¬ 
cious V., vomiting which may be so persistent 
as to endanger life, as in pregnancy. V. of preg¬ 
nancy, reflex vomiting in the early months of 
pregnancy, caused by uterine irritation. Sterco- 
raceous v., faecal vomiting. [< L. vomi'tio.] 
vomito negro (vom'i-to ne'gro). Black vomit; a 
Spanish name for yellow fever, 
vom-i-to'ri a. Emetics; agents producing emesis, 
vom'i-to-ry. i. Causing vomiting; emetic. 2. A 
receptacle for vomited matter, 
vom'i-tu-ri'tion. Retching, Nausea. 
vom'i-tus. Vomiting; emesis. V. cruen'tis, bloody 
vomit; h^matemesis. V. gravida'rum = vomit¬ 
ing OF PREGNANCY. V. hyster'icus, the vomiting 
of hysterical patients, usually soon after eating. 
V. mari'nus, sea-sickness. V. matuti'nus, morn¬ 
ing vomiting, as in chronic gastric catarrh. V. 
ni'ger = black vomit. 

von. A prefix to German proper names, analogous 
to the French de and Dutch van. In common 
usage the von is often dropped, thus von Graefe’s 
sign is spoken of as Graefe’s sign, etc. 


n 






Voltaic 

pile. 
























VON BAER’S LAW 


1083 


VULVOVAGINITIS 


von Baer’s law. The law that the various stages 
through which the embryos of the higher animals 
pass resemble the adult forms of a genetic series 
of lower animals: “ontogeny recapitulates phy- 
logeny.” 

von Beh'ring. Behring. 
von Fleischl’s haemometer. =Fleischl’s. 
von Gieth’s oiUjacket. A cloth saturated with olive 
oil applied about the chest and covered with a dry 
cloth: used in the pleurisy of young children, 
von Grae'fe’s sign. =Graefe’s sign. 
von Ley'den’s serum. An antiscarlatinal serum 
taken from convalescent scarlet fever patients, 
von Meh'ring’s mixture. An anaesthetic mixture of 
one volume of chloroform with two volumes of 
dimethylacetal. 

von Noor'den’s dietary. A dietary for obesity con¬ 
sisting of 8o Gm. cold lean meat, 25 Gm. bread, i 
cup of tea with a spoonful of milk but no sugar 
at 8 A. M.; I egg at 10 a. m.; i cup of strong 
meat broth at noon; a small plate of clear soup, 
159 Gm. partly fish and partly meat, 100 Gm. 
potatoes with salad, 100 Gm. of fruit, preserved 
without sugar or fresh, at i p. m. ; i cup black 
coffee at 3 p. m. ; 200 Gm. fresh fruit at 4 p. m.; 
250 Cc. of milk (with tea) at 6 p. m.; 125 Gm. 
cold meat or 180 Gm. meat weighed raw and 
grilled, and eaten with pickles or radishes and 
salad, 30 Gm. graham bread, and two or three 
spoonfuls of preserves without sugar at 8 p. m. 
Also two glasses of wine daily, and mineral water, 
weak tea, or lemonade ad lib. An occasional 
“hunger=day“ is given, [^f O. ’06.] V. N.’s treat¬ 
ment, IS - OAT TREATMENT, 
von Pir-quet. Pirquet. 
von Reck'linghausen’s. = Recklinghausen’s. 
von Troeltsch’s corpuscles. Peculiar spindle-shaped 
connective-tissue corpuscles, 
von Wahl’s sign. i. Local distention of the bowel 
above the point at which there is obstruction. 2. 
The scraping or blowing sound occurring simulta¬ 
neously with the cardiac impulse and heard over 
an arterial trunk after partial division of the 
vessel. 

vo-ra'cious. Devouring; ravenous; extremely hun¬ 
gry. [< L. vo'rax, fr. vora're to devour.] fvo- 
rac'i-ty, vo-ra'cious-ness. i. Greediness for food. 
2. = Bulimia. 

Voronej elixir (vo-ro-n^zh'). An elixir made from 
10 drs. of sal ammoniac, 6 drs. of naphtha oil, 10 
drs. of oil of clove, 6 drs. of nitric acid, ozs. 
each of potassium nitrate and Turkey pepper, 8 
ozs. of spearmint, i pint of vinegar, and 4 pints 
of brandy. 

vor'tex*, pi. vor'tices. A whirlpool. . V. of the heart, 
the whorl-like arrangement of the superficial 
muscle fibres at the apex of the heart; vortex 
cordis’*^. Vor'tices len'tis, the star-like appear¬ 
ance of the crystalline lens of the eye. Vor'tices 
pilo'rum*, hair whorls. V. purulen'tus, an obso¬ 
lete term for a total abscess of the cornea. V. 
veins = venae vorticosae*. [L. fr. ver'tere to 
turn.] fvor'ti-cose, as V. = venae vorti¬ 

cosae*. 

Vorticel'la. A genus of ciliated infusorians, charac¬ 
terized by vibrating cilia around the oral disk: 
they may be found in the urine, faeces, nasal 
mucus, etc. 

vox. == Voice. V. abscis'sa, loss of voice. V. 

choler'ica = CHOLERAIC voice. 
voyeur (vw 4 -yer). A sexual pervert who takes de¬ 
light in witnessing coitus. 


Vsshaped grains. The grains of chromatin which 
constitute the central disk of the karyokinetic 
spindle. 

vu-e-rom'e-ter. An instrument for measuring the 
interpupillary distance. 

vul'ca-nite. Vulcanized india-rubber, used in den¬ 
tistry, etc. 

vul'ca-ni-zing. A process by which caoutchouc and 
some other substances combined with sulphur, 
and exposed to the action of steam at a high 
temperature, are rendered hard and elastic like 
horn. [< Vw/caw the god of fire.] fvukca-ni-za'- 
tion, the combination of a small quantity of sul¬ 
phur with caoutchouc, vul'ca-ni-zer, the steam 
apparatus used in vulcanizing, 
vul-ga'ris. Common; ordinary; vulgar : applied as 
the specific name of many plants, as Per'sica vul- 
ga'ris, Trit'icum vulga're, etc. 
vulnera'ria a'qua. Vulnerary water; a water or 
lotion which promotes the healing of wounds, 
vul'ne-ra-ry. i. Belonging to wounds; healing 
wounds. 2. A medicine which promotes the heal¬ 
ing of wounds. 

vul'ne-ra-ting. Producing a wound, 
vul'nus. A wound. V. contu'sum, a contusion. 
V. conquassa'tum, a severe contusion. V. inci- 
si'vum, a cut or incised wound. V. mor'sum, a 
bite. V. pen'etrans, a wound opening one of the 
body-cavities or a joint. V. scis'sum, a torn or 
slit wound. V. sclopet'icum, a gunshot wound. 
V. sim'plex, simple wound; an incised wound. 
Vulpian’s law (vul'pi-anz). The law that when 
. part of an animal’s brain is destroyed the func¬ 
tions of that part are performed by the remain¬ 
ing portions. 

vul'pic acid. A yellow, crystalline substance, Cjg- 
H,^Og, extracted by chloroform from certain 
mosses and lichens. 

vul'pis mor'bus. “Fox disease,’’= alopecia. 
vul-sel'la, vul-sel'lum. =Volsellum forceps. 
vul'va, anciently written vol'va. The external 
genitals of the female; pudendum muUehre*. V. 
cer'ebri, the slit between the anterior columns of 
the fornix in the third ventricle. V. conni'vens, 
a vulva in which the labia majora lie closely ap¬ 
proximated. V. garruliti'va, a vulva which dis¬ 
charges flatus. V. hi'ans, a vulva in which the 
labia majora are wide apart. [L., a “ wrapper,’’ fr. 
vol'vere wrap up.] tvul'var, as V. arteries, the 
external pudic arteries: V. canal, the vestibule of 
the vagina: V. enterocele or hernia, i. Vaginal 
hernia protruding through the vulva. 2. Puden¬ 
dal enterocele or hernia: V. leucorrhoea, ts- 
leucorrhcea: and V. vaginismus, ^vaginis¬ 
mus. ' 

vul-vis'mus. = Vaginismus. [< L. vul'va vulva.] 
vul-vi'tis. Inflammation of the vulva. V. blennor- 
rha'gica, a mucopurulent discharge from the 
mucous membrane of the vulva, usually resulting 
from gonorrhoeal infection, is- Blennorrhagia. 
V. diabet'ica, vulvitis due to irritation from dia¬ 
betic urine. Diphtheritic or croupous v., vulvitis 
with the formation of a false membrane. Fol¬ 
licular V., inflammation of the vulvar follicles, 
vukvosu'te-rine. Both vulvar and uterine. V. canal, 
the vagina. 

vukvosvag'i-nal canal, i. The vulva and the vagina 
regarded as forming one canal. 2. The orifice of 
the hymen. V. cysts, cysts of Bartholin’s 
GLANDS. V. gland == Bartholin’s gland. 
vul*vo-vag-i-ni'tis. Inflammation of the vulva and 
the vagina. 


1084 


WALTHER’S ANGLE 


W 


w 




i I 

] 

I 

1 


W. The chemical S5mibol for tungsten. 

W.R. Abbr. for Wassermann reaction: often 
followed by +, for positive; —, for negative, 
wa-ba'in. A glucoside from Caris'sa schim'peri. 
Wachendorf’s membrane (vacn'en-dorfs). i. = 
Membrana pupillaris*. 2. A cell membrane. 
Wachsmuth’s mixture (vdCHs'muts). An anaes¬ 
thetic of oil of turpentine (i) and chloroform (4). 
wad. = Graphite. 

wad'ding. Carded wool worked into sheets, 
wad'dle. A clumsy, rocking gait, like that of the 
duck: seen in pseudohypertrophic paralysis. 
Wade’s balsam or drops. A compound tincture of 
benzoin. W.’s suppositories, urethral supposi¬ 
tories made from 60 grs. iodoform, 60 grs. bis¬ 
muth subnitrate, 8 grs. chloral, 2^ grs. morphine, 
10 mins, oil of rose, and 240 grs. oil of theobroma: 
to make 12 suppositories. 

wa'fer. Thin disks or sheets of some material, as 
bread or flour and water, for enclosing a dose of 
medicinal powder; cachet. ^Capsule. 
wa-ga'ga. A filarial disease of the male genitalia 
in the Fiji islands. 

Wag'ner’s (wag-ne'rian) corpuscles. =Tactile 
corpuscles; Wagner and Meissner’s corpuscles. 
W.’s reagent = Bouchardat’s reagent. W.’s 
spot, the germinal spot of an ovum. [Rudolf 
Wagner, German anatomist, 1805-1864.] 
wa-go'go. An African arrowspoison. 

Wag'stoffe’s fracture. Displacement of the inter¬ 
nal malleolus. 

wahake (wa-hd'ce). An Australian tree, Dysox'- 
ylum spectah'ile or Hartigh'sea spectab'ilis, whose 
leaves yield a native stomachic infusion. 

V. Wahl’s sign. i. Intestinal distention above the 
seat of an obstruction. 2. A blowing murmur 
sometimes heard over a partially denuded artery, 
wahoo, waahoo (wa-hu'). t®- Euonymus*. 

waist. The narrowest portion of the trunk, 
waist'coat, strait. = Strait=jacket. 
wai'ter’s cramp. Cramp in the arm and back some¬ 
times seen in hotel ^waiters on attempting to 
carry dishes. 

wa-kam'ba. An arrow«poison of Zanzibar, 
wake'ful-ness. =Insomnia. 

wake'srob-in. A common name for various plants, 
as for several species of Trillium. 
wa'king numbness. A local numbness on waking, 
caused by pressure on a nerve. 

Wak'ker’s disease. A bacterial disease of hyacinths. 
Walcheren fever (val'cH^-r^n). Severe malaria, 
once prevalent in Walcheren, Netherlands. 
WaFcher’s position. The raising of the buttocks 
and letting the limbs hang down in order to 
lengthen the conjugate diameter. 

Walch'lis’s doctrine or theory. The theory that the 
retinal pigments are post*mortem products. 
Waldenburg’s apparatus (v^l'den-bflrgz). An appa¬ 
ratus for pneumatic treatment. 

Waldeyer’s germinal epithelium (val'dai-frz). The 
low cuboidal cells of the specialized peritoneal 
covering of the ovary, from which elements the 
earliest ova are derived by an ingrowth and pro¬ 
liferation of the germinal epithelium. W.’s glands, 
acinotubular glands, probably modified sweat* 


glands, in the inner skin of the attached edge of 
the eyelid. W.’s plasmascells, irregular cells of 
protoplasm with numerous vacuoles, occurring in 
CO nnecti ve 
tissue. W.’s 
ring, a ring of 
lymphoid 
structures 
consisting of 
the tonsils, 
pharyngeal 
tonsil, and 
adenoid folli¬ 
cles at the 
base of the 
tongue. W.’s 
SUlcUS = SUL- 
C U S SPIRA¬ 
LIS*. 

Wald'stein’s 
formula. A 

formula for 
determining 
the absolute 
percentage of 
cures in car¬ 
cinoma. 

wale. = Wheal. 

Walk'er’s battery. A galvanic battery of zinc, 
silver, ammonium chloride, and silver chloride. 

Walk'ersGor'don milk. A form of modified milk 
supplied upon order in the Eastern United States. 

walk'ing typhoid. Undiagnosed typhoid fever, 
often mild at the start, but sometimes ending 
fatally from lack of care; ambulant typhoid. 

wall. A supporting, limiting, and enclosing struc¬ 
ture; paries*', vallum*', velum*. O"Tubal w. 
W.sdiseases, damp wall due to the growth of the 
organisms of nitrification. W.seye, an eye whose 
iris is white or light*colored, or one affected with 
leukaemia. W.slouse = Cimex lectularius. W.s 
paper disease, arsenical poisoning due to the 
arsenic contained in walUpapers. W. of nail== 
vallum unguis*. W.spellitory = Parietaria of¬ 
ficinalis. W.steeth = MOLAR TEETH. 

Wal'ler’s (wal-le'ri an) degeneration. Fatty or 
secondary degeneration of a nervesfibre which 
takes place when its connection with its nutritive 
centres is severed. W.’s law, a law which states 
that degeneration takes place in a nerve separated 
from its nutritive centre in the direction in which 
that nerve carries impulses. W.’s method, iden¬ 
tifying afferent and efferent fibres by W.’s law. 
[A. Waller, English physician, 1816-1870.] 

Wal'nUt. ^JUGLANS. 

Walsu'ra. A genus of Asiatic meliaceous trees, 
poisonous, and probably medicinal. 

Wai'ter’s ganglion. The ganglion impar. 

Wal'ther’s angle. A craniometrical angle between 
a line from the most prominent point of the fore¬ 
head to the root of the nose and one from the 
occipital protuberance to the crista galli. W.’s 
ducts, the excretory ducts of the sublingual gland; 
RiviNiAN CANALS. W.’s obUque ligament, a liga-' 
ment from the external malleus to the astragalus. 



Wilhelm Waldeyer, German Anat¬ 
omist, 1836- . 


I 


I 

i 


f 

0 




I 













WANDERsZELLE 


1065 


WASSERMANN REACTION 


Wan'derszel'le. Migratory cell. [Ger.] 
wan'dered. Out of the normal position, 
wan'der-ing. i. Moving about from place to place, 
as a w. (migratory) cell. W. abscess, an abscess 
which burrows through the tissues for a consider¬ 
able distance before pointing; a hypostatic ab¬ 
scess. W. cells = MIGRATORY CELLS. W. erysipe¬ 
las, chronic erysipelas marked by a tendency to 
disappear from one part of the body and break 
out at another. W. lymphangitis, a variety of 
lymphangitis occurring in patches connected by 
wavy lines and located on the backs of the hands: 
due to contact with putrefying substances. W. 
needles, needles which migrate from one part of 
the body to another, as from the stomach to the 
heart. W. neuritis, neuritis that changes its situ¬ 
ation from place to place. W. pneumonia, 
PNEUMONIA. W. rash = GEOGRAPHICAL TONGUE. 
2. Loosely attached; abnormally movable. W. 
kidney = floating kidney. W. liver = float¬ 
ing LIVER. W. spleen, a spleen which is movable 
from its normal position: it frequently descends 
into the left iliac fo*sa. L. ij. ’o6.] W. tumor 
= FLOATING TUMOR. 

wang. The jaw*bone; the cheeksbone; or a molar 
tooth. 

Wank'lyn’s ammonia process. A method of esti¬ 
mating the amount of nitrogenous organic matter 
present in water, fwank'lyn-ize. 
war fever. = Typhus. 

war'bles. A small, hard tumor on the back of 
horses, cows, etc., due to the larvae of Hypoder'ma 
ho'vis, irritation of the saddle, etc. 

War'burg’s pills. = Pilule antiperiodic^. W.’s 
tincture = tinctura antiperiodica. 
ward. One of the apartments or rooms of a hospi¬ 
tal containing a number of beds. Probationary 
w., a ward in a hospital where the patient is 
under special observation, as when suspected of 
having diphtheria. W.scarriage, a table on wheels 
fitted with apparatus for dressing wounds. 
War'drop’s disease. Malignant onychitis. W.’s 
operation, distal ligation of a branch of the artery 
involved in an aneurism. 

Ward’s paste. A kind of confection of pepper, for¬ 
merly much used for piles. 

Warehousemen’s itch (wdr'haus-mfnz). Eczema 
on the hands from handling warehouse goods. 
Wa' ren’s disease. A Westphalian disease with pain¬ 
ful joints, ulcers, and, sometimes, paralysis. 
Wa'ring’s system. A system of sewage disposal, 
warm bath. j^Bath. W.sblooded — homceother- 
MAL. m- Cold-blooded. W. stage, a microscop¬ 
ical slide and cover warmed during use. 
warm'ing plaster. =Emplastrum picis canthar- 
IDATUM. 

War'ner’s gout cordial. Tincture of rhubarb and 
senna. U. 5 . P. ’70.] W.’s laudanum, an am- 
moniated tincture of opium, 
warn'ings. A popular term for aura. 
war'ras, war'as. The glands and hairs of a tree of 
India, probably Flemin'gia grahamia'na: used in 
skin diseases and as a taenifuge. [Indian.] 
Warren’s antidiphtheritic mixture. A mixture of 4 
grs. of thymol, 75 grs. of potassium chlorate, 45 
grs. of quinine sulphate, 15 mins, of hydrochloric 
acid, 2 fl. ozs. of glycerin, and 9 fl. ozs. of brandy. 
Dose, a teaspoonful every hour. W.’s fat columns 
= COLUMNS ADIPOSE. W.’S St5rptic = LOTIO AD- 
STRINGENS. w.’s test = TrOMMER’s TEST, w.’s 
thymol inhalation, a mixture of 8 grs. of thymol, 
300 grs. of sodium borate, 10 fi. drs. of glycerin. 


2^ fl. ozs. of camphor water, and 7 fl. ozs. of tar 
water: to be inhaled by means of an atomizer. 

wart. A circumscribed papillary elevation on the 
skin, formed by hypertrophy of the epidermis and 
papillae. Pigmented warts, especially elevated, 
hairless ones, sometimes become malignant, ^ 
Corn; horn. Fig=w., Moist, Pointed, or Venereal 
w.= VERRUCA ACUMINATA. Postsmortem w.— 

ANATOMICAL TUBERCLE. W.spoX = VARIOLA VER¬ 
RUCOSA. [L. verru'ca.] fwar'ty, covered with 
warts; marked with warts, as W. cicatricial 
tumor, parallel rows of wart-like growths on 
the site of old scars. It usually ulcerates, and 
then is known as Mar- 
jolin’s ulcer. W. 
smallpox, smallpox in 
which the eruption de¬ 
velops only to the pap¬ 
ular stage; hompox; 
and W. tubercle=AHK- 

TOMICAL TUBERCLE. 

wash. = Lotion. ts- 
Black w.; eye-w,; 

YELLOW w. W.sbottle. 

I. A bottle with two 
tubes passing through 
the cork, arranged so 
that by blowing with 
the mouth into one a 
small stream of water 
is forced out of the 
other; used in chemical 
manipulations. 2. A 
bottle containing some 
washing fluid through 
which gases are passed 
for the purpose of pu¬ 
rifying them. 

washed sulphur. = Sul¬ 
phur LOTUM*. W. clot, a blood-clot with the 
pigment washed out. 

wash'er-wom-en’s hand. A peculiar, grayish, 
wrinkled condition of the palms seen in death by 
drowning and in the last stages of cholera; cholera 
hand. W.’s itch, eczema or psoriasis of washer¬ 
women. W.’s tetter, squamous eczema; psoriasis. 

washing soda. Impure sodium carbonate. W. out 
= LAVAGE, as of the stomach. 

wash'sleath-er skin. A condition of the skin in 
which silver will make a black mark upon it. 

washsrag sponge. =Luffa. 

wasp. Vespa vulgaris. 

Was'ser-mann reaction or test. The application 
of the principle of the fixation of comple¬ 
ment to the diagnosis of syphilis. The method 
employed is as follows: (i) a haemolytic serum 
is obtained and deprived of its complement by 
heating to 60® C. (140® F.); (2) a dilute suspen¬ 
sion is made of corpuscles from defibrinated 
sheep’s blood; (3) some diluted serum from a 
guinea-pig is taken to provide the complement; 
(4) an alcoholic extract is made from the liver 
of a syphilitic foetus and diluted with salt solu¬ 
tion; and (5) the serum to be tested is drawn 
from the patient and has its complement re¬ 
moved by heating to 60° C. (140° F.). One- 
half Cc. each of the extract containing the anti¬ 
gen, the serum to be tested, and of the com¬ 
plement are poured into a test-tube and placed 
in an incubator for an hour. Then \ Cc. each 
of the haemolytic serum and the solution con¬ 
taining the sheep’s blood are added and the 

















WASTE 


1086 


WAVE 


tube is placed in an incubator for two hours. 
Absence of haemolysis indicates syphilis. The 
use of controls is essential and the test is very 
exacting, Noguchi’s reaction; W.R. 



Ui 

H 

(/) 

> 

Z 5 

W 

'A 

3 

S 


Bdcterium 

(dntigen) 


Bacteno/ys/n 

(amboceptor) 


LTU 

Complement 


K 






Complement 



-TL j-l 




Syphi/iHc wrus 


bpoid 


Reagin 


Complement 

_rL 


s 

G 

Si 

H 

*< 

C/) 

w 


waste. To get thinner. 

wast'ers. Cattle affected with tuberculosis, 
wasting. ^Consumption, emaciation; tabes. 
W. disease, pulmonary tuberculosis. W. palsy or 
paralysis = PROGRESSIVE muscular atrophy. 
watch'ing. = Pervigilium. 

watch'ma-kers’ cramp. Spasm of the muscles of 
,the fingers analogous to writers’ cramp: also 
facial spasm from holding a watchmakers’ lens, 
wa'ter. i. A clear, tasteless, neutral liquid, HjO; 
hydrogen monoxide. Water boils at ioo°C. 
(2I2°F.), reaches its maximum density at 4° C. 
(39.2° F.), and freezes at o°C. (32° F.). Hypo¬ 
dermic injections of water act as a local anaes¬ 
thetic. W.savens = GEUM rivale. W.sbag, an 
India-rubber bag filled with hot or cold water 
for local use. W.sbath, an arrangement for heat¬ 
ing a vessel over another filled with water. W.s 
bed, a form of mattress containing water; hydro¬ 
static bed: used for invalids, especially with the 
object of preventing bed-sores. W.sbleb. i. = 
PoMPHOLYx*, defs. I and 2. 2. Pemphigus. W.s 
blister, a blister with watery or serous contents. 

Canthapis* ; Widal’s reaction. W.sblue, 
a complex blue dye. W.sborne, carried by pol¬ 
luted water. W.sbrain, sheep-staggers due to 
the brain-worm. W.sbrain fever. i. Acute hy¬ 
drocephalus. 2. Tuberculous meningitis. W. on 
the brain, i. = Hydrocephalus. 2. Meningitis. 

Water stroke. W.sbrash = pyrosis. W.s 
braxy, a disease of sheep attended with peri¬ 
toneal hemorrhages. W. cancer or canker, 
Cancrum oris, or noma. W.scarrier’s paraly¬ 
sis, a form of radial paralysis. W.scell, a cell 
in the camel’s paunch in which water is stored. 
W. on the chest = hydrothorax. W.scoil, 
an apparatus for the local application of heat or 
cold by means of water passing through a series 
of coils or tubing. W. of Cotunnius = Cotun- 
Nius’s FLUID. W.scress= Nasturtium offici¬ 
nale. W. of crystallization, ts - crystallization. 
W.scure = hydropathy; hydrotherapy. W.sdress- 
ing, the treatment of wounds, ulcers, and diseased 
areas by the direct application of water to the part. 
W.sequivalent, a number expressing the specific 
heat of an amount of water equal in weight to the 
weight of an animal. It is obtained by multi¬ 


plying the weight of an animal by its specific 
heat. W.selder = Viburnum oPULUs*. W.sfarcy, 
lymphangitis of a horse’s leg. W.sfennel = phel- 
LANDRiUM. W.sflag, the popular name for several 
species of/'n 5 . W. fright = hydrophobia. W.s 
germander = Teucrium scordium. W.sglass, a 
solution of sodium or potassium silicate. W.s 
gurgle test, a gurgling sound heard on ausculta¬ 
tion when water is swallowed in cases of stricture 
of the oesophagus. W.shammer pulse, a peculiar 
form of jerky pulse in which the artery alter¬ 
nately becomes fully distended and suddenly col¬ 
lapses. The volume of the pulse is large, im¬ 
parting considerable movement to the radial 
artery; collapsing p., Corrigan’s p., kicking p., 
locomotive p., reading p., shuttle p., speaking p., 
slapping p., and unsustained p. W., hearts, i. 

Heart-water. 2. The pericardial fluid. W.s 
hemp, Eupato'rium cannah'inum, Bi'dens tripar- 
ti'ta, or Acni'da cannah'ina. W.simmersion ob¬ 
jective or microscope, ts- immersion. W.sitch, an 
affection of the skin confined to the lower limbs, 
in which there is erythema followed by a vesicu¬ 
lar or pustular eruption, which may end in ul¬ 
ceration or gangrene; ground-itch; pani-ghao; 
waterpox. W.sjags, sjugs = varicella. W. on 
the knee, hydrops articuli of the knee-joint. 
W.slily = Nympho A. W.smelon, the plant Cu- 
cur'hita citrul'lus or its fruit, the seeds of which 
contain an oil. W.smint = Mentha aquatica. 
W.smoccasin, snake. W.snut = Trapa na- 
TANs. W.spang = pyrosis. W.spassage, the 
urethra. W.spepper = Polygonum hydropiper. 
W.spimpernel = Veronica beccabunga. W.s 
plantain = Alisma plantago. W. pock or pox 
= VARiCELLA. W.spurslane =Ludwigia palus- 
TRis. W.sstarwort = Callitriche verna. W. 
stroke, a form of meningitis attended with rapid 
and great effusion. W.stomes = pyrosis. W.s 
treatment = HYDROTHERAPY, Wet pack. W.s 
wheel sound = bruit de moulin. 2. Water 
containing salts or other mineral constituents; 
MINERAL WATER. Some of the best known 
are Apenta, Apollinaris, Carlsbad, HunyAdi, 
Kissingen, Saratoga, Selters, and Vichy. 3. 
In pharmacy, a solution of a medicinal substance 
in water; aqua; liquor. 4. == Urine. W.scaster, 
apractiserof uromanteia. W.sdoctor = water- 
caster. Additional terms pertaining to water 
will be found under Aqua, Liquor, and Mineral 
WATERS, as well as under the descriptive words, 
wa'tered silk reflex. A peculiar light-reflex resem¬ 
bling watered silk: seen on the retina of children, 
wa'ter-ing of the mouth. Copious psychic reflex 
secretion of saliva. W. place = spa. 
wa'ters. = Liquor amnii. Bag of w., ^Bag. 

False w., amniotic fluid discharged before labor, 
wat'er-y cancer. = Noma. W. diarrhoea, diarrhoea 
with watery evacuations; serous diarrhoea. W. 
eye = epiphora. W. itch = scabies lymphatica. 
Wat'kins’s operation. An operation for prolapsus 
uteri. 

Watso'nius. A trematode parasite of man. 
watt (wot). The unit of electrical activity. The rate 
of work done by one volt of electromotive force in 
carrying one ampere of current. [< James Watt, 
Scotch inventor, 1736-1819.] fW.smeter. 
wat'tle gum. The gum of the silver wattle (Aca'cia 
dealba'ta) , of Tasmania, said to be as good as 
gum arabic; or of the inferior black wattle, 
wave. = Undulation. Some varieties of wave are 
Anacrotic, Arterial, Catacrotic, Catadicrotic, Di- 
















WAX 


1087 


WEIGHT 


CROTic, Outflow^remainder (= tidal), Papillary, 
Percussion, Postdicrotic, Predicrotic, Recoil 
(= dicrotic). Tidal, and Ventricular. W. of 
contraction, a muscular contraction causing a 
visible wave. W.slength, the distance between 
similar points of two adjacent waves. W.stheory 
— UNDULATORY THEORY. fwa'vy, aS W. respira¬ 
tion — INTERRUPTED RESPIRATION, 
tvax. I. One of a number of solid hydrocarbons, 
often of vegetable origin, er- Cera. 2. Ceru¬ 
men; earswax. W.sberry = Myrica cerifera. 
W. bougie. I. A bougie of linen or silk soaked 
in melted wax and rolled into a slender cylinder. 
2. Medicated wax in the form of a bougie which 
melts at the body temperature when introduced 
into one of the natural channels, as the urethra. 
W. glands, the coil glands of the ear which se¬ 
crete cerumen, glandulae ceruminosae*. W. im¬ 
pression, an impression of the mouth for fitting a 
plate for artificial teeth. W. kernels, the popu¬ 
lar name for irritated submaxillary glands. W. 
model, a model made in wax which by means of 
painting and other devices resembles the natural 
appearances of the part copied. W. myrtle = 
Myrica cerifera. W.spaper, paper impregnated 
with wax. twaxed, as W. sponge = spongix pr.e- 
PARATA. wax'y, like beeswax in texture or in 
appearance; lardaceous, as W. cast, a tube^cast 
made up of amyloid matter: W. degeneration, dis¬ 
ease, or infiltration, i. = Amyloid degenera¬ 
tion. 2. = Hyaline degeneration: kP. 

= LARDACEOUS KIDNEY: W. Uver, an amyloid 
liver; lardaceous liver: and W. spleen, amyloid 
DEGENERATION of the Spleen. 

wax'en catalepsy. = Plastic catalepsy. 
wax'ing kernels, i. Swollen and enlarged inguinal 
glands in children: so called from a supposed 
connection with the growth of the body. 2. 
Swollen tonsils. W. pains = growing pains. 
W. and waning pulse = pulsus inciduus. 
waxwork. =Celastrus scandens. 
way. = Meatus*; tract; canal; via. Digestive 
ws. == PRiMiE vi^. W.sthorn = Rhamnus ca- 

THARTICA. 

weak. Lacking strength and vigor; wanting health. 
W. ankle or foot, a condition in which the ankle 
bends inward or outward involuntarily, due to 
laxness of the ligaments of the ankle*joint and 
weakness of the leg muscles. W.sminded, weak 
of mind; mentally defective. W. pulse, a pulse 
in which the force of the impulse is small. W. 
ulcer, an ulcer with flabby projecting granula¬ 
tions; a fungous ulcer. fweak'ness, lack of 
power, physical or mental, as Cerebro=acoustic w. 
and Cerehro^optical w. Inward w., a popular term 
for various uterine and vaginal troubles. 

weal. = Wheal. 

weakssight'ed-ness. = Asthenopia. 
wean'ing. = Ablactation. W. brash, severe di¬ 
arrhoea from weaning, fwean'ling, newly weaned, 
wear and tear. Deterioration due to ordinary 
usage, as the natural aging of arteries, 
wea'sand. The trachea or the larynx, 
weath'er-cocks. Changing humor; impatience, 
wea'vers’ bottom. Chronic inflammation of the 
ischiatic bursa, caused by pressure, as in weavers, 
web. Tela*; caligo; pterygium. W. beriberi, a 
disease occurring in countries where beriberi is 
endemic, but entirely distinct from it, consisting 
of anaemia and dropsy without paralysis. W.s 
eye = PTERYGIUM, fwebbed fingers or toes, a 
condition in which two or more of the fingers are 


united by a fold of skin, Syndactylism. 
W. penis, a penis which is enveloped by the skin 
of the scrotum; penis palmatus. 
we'ber. = Coulomb. W.’s metrescandle, the 
illumination one metre from a standard candle. 
We'ber’s corpuscle. = Sinus pocularis. W.’s 
experiment, a test for disease of the auditory 
apparatus, made by placing the end of a vibrat¬ 
ing tuningsfork against the vertex. When deaf¬ 
ness is caused by disease of the auditory ap¬ 
paratus, the sound will be heard better by *he 
nonsatfected ear; when deafness is simply the 
result of obstruction of the passages, the sound 
will be heard best by the affected ear: due to the 
fact that the vibration is heard better when the 
ear is closed. W.’s glands, tubular mucous glands 
near the root of the tongue. W.’s law = Fech- 
ner’s law. W.’s organ or vesicle, the sinus poc¬ 
ularis of the male urethra. W.’s paradox, the 
phenomenon of elongation of a muscle when it 
is stretched so that it cannot contract. W.’s 
symptom, sign, or syndrome, paralysis of the 
oculomotor nerves of one side and of the face, 
limbs, and hypoglossal nerve of the other side. 
W.’s test. I. Same as W.’s experiment. 2. A 
test for indican in the urine, made by heating the 
urine with an equal quantity of hydrochloric 
acid, allowing to cool, and then 'shaking with 
ether, which turns red, the foam being blue. 
Web'ster’s condenser. An apparatus for condensing 
or intensifying the light thrown on an object for 
microscopic examination. Lady W.’s dinner=pills 
= PILULiE ALOES ET MASTICHES*. W.’S prOCeSS, 
an electrolytic treatment of sewage. 

Wed'el’s pectoral powder. A mixture of 8 grs. of 
benzoic acid, 75 grs. of washed sulphur, 250 grs. 
of glycyrrhiza, 30 grs. of iris, 300 grs, of sugar, 4 
mins, of oil of anise, and 4 mins, of oil of fennel. 
Dose, a tablespoonful three or four times a day. 
wedge. In dentistry, a piece of wood or rubber in¬ 
serted between two teeth to force them apart. 
W.sbone, a small bone occasionally seen in a ver¬ 
tical articulation. W.sshaped, cuneiform, as W. 
fasciculus, Burdach’s column of the spinal cord. 
Weeks’s bacillus. =B. ^gyptius. 
wee'ping eczema. Eczema with raw surface and co¬ 
pious exudation, W. leg, a leg affected with 
weeping eczema. W. sinew = ganglion, def. 2. 
Weg'ner’s sign. A jagged, broad, yellow line be¬ 
tween the epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones 
indicates congenital syphilis. W.’s disease, in¬ 
fantile syphilitic osteochondritis. 

Weidel’s reaction (vai'delz). =Murexidb test. 
W.’s test. I. A test for xanthine made by warm¬ 
ing with freshly prepared chlorine water contain¬ 
ing a trace of nitric acid until gas ceases to be 
evolved, then bringing in contact with ammonia 
vapor, when a pink or purple color will form. 2. 
A test for xanthine bodies made by dissolving in 
warm chlorine water, evaporating, and treating 
with ammonia, when a pink or purple color will 
form, changing to violet with alkalies. 

Wei'gert’s fibrinsstain. A blue stain consisting of, 
first, a solution of gentian violet, then a solution 
of iodine in potassium iodide, and last a solution 
of aniline oil and xylol. W.’s method, an elabo¬ 
rate method of staining and hardening nerve* 
fibres, especially in order to trace degenerations, 
weight. Heaviness; the extent to which a body is 
drawn to the earth by gravity; especially, such 
heaviness as measured by some standard. (See 
tables on following pages.) 


WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 


1088 


WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 


The fundamental standards of mass and of length are the Kilogramme and the Metre of the Inter¬ 
national Bureau of Weights and Measures (1889). They are identical with the original kilogramme and 
metre " des archives,” adopted in 1799. The latter is approximately 1-40,000,000 of a meridian great 
circle and the former is approximately the mass of 1-1,000 cubic metre of water at its maximum 
density. From the metre are derived the subsidiary measures of length, of area, and of volume, except 
for the litre and its subdivisions and multiples. From the gramme are derived the other units of mass 
and the litre. 



METRIC 

WEIGHTS. 




Milligrammes. 

1,000 mg. = 

Grammes. Kilogrammes. 

I Gm. 



1,000,000 = 

1,000 = 

I Kg. 



METRIC 

LENGTHS. 



Micra. 

Millimetres. 

Centimetres. 

Metres. 

Kilometres. 

1,000 [i 

= I mm. 




10,000 

= 10 = 

: I Cm. 



1,000,000 

= 1,000 = 

100 = 

I m. 


1,000,000,000 

= 1,000,000 = 

100,000 = 

1,000 

= I Km. 


In the metric system, as well as in the other systems, common units of area and volume are squares and cubes 
whose edges measure the respective linear units. Thus the cubic centimetre (abbr. Cc.) is a common metric unit 
of volume. It is nearly uVo of a litre. 


METRIC VOLUMES. 

The litre is the volume of i kilogramme of water at 4° C. 

Millilitres. Litres. Hectolitres. 

1,000 ml. = I L. 

100,000 = 100 = I HI. 


AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 


The pound, or unit of avoirdupois weight, 
of Equivalents, U. S. Bureau of Standards, ’06.] 

is a mass 

of 0.4535924277 of 

a kilogramme. [H Tables 

Hundred¬ 

(Troy) Grains.t 

4 37 i gr- = 
7,000 = 

Ounces. 

I oz. 

16 = 

Pounds. 

I lb. 

Quarters. 

weight. Tons. 

196,000* = 

488* = 

28* 

= I qr. 


784,000* = 

1,792* = 

11 2* 

= 4 = 

I cwt. 

15,680,000* = 

35,840* = 

2,240* 

= 80 = 

20 = I T. 


*In the United States and Canada there are also “quarters” of 25 lbs., “hundredweight” of 100 lbs., and 
“tons” of 2,000 lbs. 

tThe old avoirdupois grain was of i av. oz. 


APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT. 


Troy Troy 

Grains.* Scruples. Drachms. Ounces.* Pounds.* 

20 gr. = I 9 

60 = 3 I ^ 

480 — 24 =8 — ^ S 

5,760 = 288 =96 =12 = I lb. 

*The grain is the same as that of avoirdupois weight. The ounces and pounds differ. See Table of 
Equivalents, infra. 


TROY WEIGHT. 



Penny¬ 

Troy 

Troy 

Grains.* 

weight. 

Ounces.* 

Pounds.* 

24 gr. 

= I dwt. 



480 

= 20 

no 

M 

il 


5,760 

= 240 

= 12 

= I lb. 


* The grain is the same as that of avoirdupois weight. The ounces and pounds are consequently different. 
See Table of Equivalents, infra. 


LINEAR MEASURE. 


The metre has been determined to be equal to 39.37043 inches, and this is the equivalent 
generally adopted in scientific work, and used as a basis for the other equivalents given below. The 
legal ratio is, however, 39.37079 in Great Britain and 39.37000 in the United States. 


Inches. 

12 in. 
36 

63,360 


Feet. 

I ft. 


3 


— - 5,280 


Yards. Miles. 

= I yd. 

= ;■: :i., 76 o .. i M. 




WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 


1089 


WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 


The most important of the other linear measures are; 


Cable 

Chain 

Fathom 

Furlong 

Hand 

Knot 

League 

Line 

Mil 

Point 

Rod 


120 fathoms. 

66 feet. 

6 feet (sometimes knot, or 6.087 
660 feet. 

4 inches. 

6,087 feet. 

3 miles (naut.: 3 knots), 
inch. 

T(tW irich. 

inch. 

16^ feet. 











IMPERIAL MEASURE.* 

The Imperial Gallon is the volume of 10 avoirdupois lbs. of water at 62® F., barometer at 30 
inches, weighed in air against brass weights. Accordingly, it is equal to 4.545853 litres. 

Gallons. Pecks. Bushels. Quarters. 


Pints. 

2 pt. 


Quarts. 
I qt. 


(8) 

= (4) 

= (i) gal. 


16 

= 8 

= (2) = 

I pk. 

64 

= 32 

= (8) = 

4 = I bu. 

(512) 

= (256) 

= (64) = 

(32) = (8) = (i) qr, 


♦The same denominations are used in the United States as dry measure, omitting the gallon and the quarter, 
as indicated by the parentheses. They are, however, only 0.968787 the size of the corresponding imperial measures. 


U. S. APOTHECARIES’ MEASURE.* 
The U. S. Gallon is 231 cubic inches. 


Minims. 

FI. drachms. 

FI. ounces. 

Pints. 

Gallons. 

60 hi 

= I f3 

= 



480 

=» 8 

= I f^ 



7,680 

=■= 128 

= 16 = 

= I 0 . 


61,440 

= 1,024 

= 128 

= 8 . = 

I Cong. 

IMPERIAL APOTHECARIES’ 

MEASURE.* 

Minims. 

FI. drachms. 

FI. ounces. 

Pints.t 

Gallons.! 

60 rti 

= I is 

= I 



480 

= 8 



9,600 

= 160 

= 20 = 

: I 0 . 


76,800 

= 1,280 

= 160 = 

= 8 . = 

I Cong. 


* The corresponding denominations in U. S. Apothecaries’ Measure are not equal to those of the same name 
in Imperial Measure, the smaller ones (III; f5; fS) being 1.040680 times as large, while the larger (O., Cong.) are 
only 0.8325246 as large. See Tables of Equivalents below. 

t These measures are equal to those of the same name given above under Imperial Measure. 


Bushel 

Imperial = 

United States = 

Centimetre = 

Cubic Cm. = 

Drachm = 

Imp. f^ = 

U. S. f3 = 

Foot = 

Gallon 

Imp. = 

U. S. = 

Grain = 

Gramme = 

Hectolitre = 

Hundredweight 

Of 112 lbs. = 

Of 100 lbs. — 

Inch = 

Kilogramme = 

Kilometre = 

Litre = 

Metre = 


EQUIVALENTS. 

36.36680 L. *= 1.032218 U.S. Bu. 

35.2366 L. == 0.968787 Imp. Bu. 

0-3937043 in. 

0.999880 ml. = 16.8925 Imp. Tib. = 16.23217 U. S. Tib. 

3.887936 Gm. 

3.551448 ml. = 0.960910 U. S. 

3.695920 ml. == 1.040680 Imp. f^. 

30.47973 Cm. 

4.545853 L. = 1.201110 U. S. Gal. 

3.784622 L. = 0.8325439 Imp. Gal. 

64-79893 nig. 

15.43235 grains. 

26.42272 U. S. Gal. = 21.99807 Imp. Gal. = 2.83796 U. S. Bu. = 2.749759 
Imp. Bu. 

50.80235 Kg. 

45-35924 Kg.. 

25.39978 mm. 

2.204622 Av. lbs. = 2.679229 Troy lbs. 

3,280.869 feet = 0.6213767 miles. 

1000.120 Cc. = 1.056909 U S. Liq. Qt. = 0.8799229 Imp. Qt. 

39-37043 in. = 3.280869 ft. = 1.093623 yd. 


69 


WEIL’S DISEASE 


1090 


WELCKER’S ANGLE 


Micron 

Mile 

Milligramme 
Millilitre (ml.) 
Millimetre 
Minim 
Imp. 

U. S. 

Ounce 

Avoirdupois 

Troy 

Imp. fl. oz. 
U. S. fl oz 

Peck 

Imp. 

U. S. 

Pennyweight 

Pint 

Imp. 

U. S. Apoth. 
U. S. Dry M. 
Pound 
Av. 

Troy 

Quart 

Imp. 

U. S. Apoth 
U. S. Dry M. 
Quarter 

Of 28 lbs. 

Of 25 lbs. 
Scruple 
Ton 

Long 

Short 

Metric 

Yard 


= mm. = 10,000 Angstr6m units 
= I 609330 Km. 

== 0.01543235 grain. 

= 1.000120 Cc. = 16.89452 Imp. TTb. =“ 16.23412 U. S. TTb. 

= 0.03937043 inch. 

= 0.05919080 ml. -= 0.9609104 U. S. TTb. = 0.9114573 grs. of water at 62® F 
= 0.06159866 ml. = 1.040680 Imp. TT\^. = 0.9485351 grs. of water at 62® F. 

= 28.34953 Gm. = 0.9114573 Troy oz. 

= 31.10352 Gm. = 1.0971479 Av. oz. 

= 28.41158 ml. = 0.9609104 U. S. fi. oz. = I Av. oz. of water at 62® F. 

= 29.56736 ml. = 1.040680 Imp. fl. oz. = 1.040680 Av. oz. of water at 62® F. 

= 9.09x706 1 . = 1.032218 U. S. Peck. 

= 8.80915 1 . = 0.968787 Imp. Peck. 

= 1.555174 Gm. 

= 568.2316 ml. = 1.201x10 U. S. Apoth. Pt. = 1.032218 Dry Pt. 

= 473.0777 ml. = 0.8325246 Imp. Pt. = 0.859367 U. S. Dry Pt. 

= 550.4956 ml. = 0.968787 Imp. Pt. == 1.16365 U. S. Apoth. P... 

== 453.5924 Gm. = 1.215278 Troy lb. 

= 373.2418 Gm. = 0.8228572 Av. lb. 

= 1.136463 1 . = 1.201110 U. S. Apoth. Qt. = 1.032218 U. S Dry Qt. 

= 946.1554 ml. = 0.8325246 Imp. Qt. = 0.859367 U. S. Dry Qt. 

= 1.101143 1 . = 0.968787 Imp, Qt. = 1.16365 U. S. Apoth. Qt. 

= 12.70059 Kg. 

= 11-33989 Kg. 

= 1.295979 Gm. 

= 1016.0470 Kg. = 1.120000 Short T. 

= 907.1849 Kg. = 0.8928571 Long T. 

= 1,000.000 Kg. = 0.9842064 Long T. = 1.102311 Short T. = 2,204.622 lbs. 
= 0.9143911 Metre. 



APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS. 


60 mg. = 

I gr. 

25 mm. = I in. 

15 ITL- = 

I Cc. 

15 gm. == 

I Gm. 

10 cm. = 4 in. 

30 Cc. = 

I fs 

4 Gm. = 

I Z 

40 in. = I metre. 

30 f 5 = 

I L. 

30 Gm. = 

I 5 

8 km. = 5 miles. 



II lb. =5 Kg. 

1,000 Cc. = I L. 

I L. = I Qt. 



Weil’s disease (vailz). An acute infectious disease 
marked by jaundice, fever, and pain in the mus¬ 
cles, with enlarged liver and spleen. The symp¬ 
toms last from ten days to two weeks, and recov¬ 
ery is usually rapid. W.’s syndrome, unilateral 
hyperaesthesia, as in some cases of phthisis, [^f 
Gn. ’09.] 

Weill’s sign. Unilateral absence of expansion in 
the subclavicular region in fatal pneumonia. 

Weir Mitchell’s disease. = Erythromelalgia. 
W. M.’s treatment = Mitchell’s treatment. 

Weir’s operation. == Appendicostomy. 

Weismann’s theory or Weis'man-nism. The theory 
that the nature and characteristics of a living in¬ 
dividual depend upon its inherited germinal sub¬ 
stance (gonoblasts), these gonoblasts being divided 
into germ»cells, which form the sexual elements, 
and somatic cells or hody^cells. [August Weis- 
mann, German biologist, 1834- .] 

Weiss’s reflex (vaisTz). A curved light reflex seen 
with the ophthalmoscope on the fundus of the 
eye to the nasal side of the papilla: said to be in¬ 
dicative of myopia. W.’s sign or symptom, con¬ 
traction of the facial muscles on light percussion: 
seen in hysteria, tetany, exophthalmic goitre, etc. 

Weit'brecht’s cartilage. The interarticular fibro- 


cartilage of the acromioclavicular joint, 
or ligament, 
the annular 
ligament of 
the elbow. 

W.’s foramen, 
an oval fora¬ 
men in the 
capsule of 
the shoulder* 
joint. W.’s 
retinacula, 
ligamentous 
bands on the 
neck of the 
trochanter of 
the femur, 

Welch’s bacil¬ 
lus. =Bacil- 

LUS WELCHI. 

Welcker’s angle 
(vel'c^rz). I, 

The sphenoi¬ 
dal angle. 2. 

The angle be¬ 
tween the nasobasilar 


W.’s cord 



William H. Welch, American 
thologist, 1850- . 


Pa- 


and nasosubnasal lines 










WELDING 


1091 


WHEAT 


nasal angle of Welcker; nasobasal angle. W.’s 
method, a method of color comparisons by means 
of which the amount of blood in an animal is 
estimated. 

wel'ding. The uniting of two metals by force 
either with or without the aid of heat, as in 
filling the teeth with gold. 

well. In the possession of health; not sick. 

Wells’s facies (wdz'tz). An expression of the coun¬ 
tenance regarded as pathognomonic of ovarian 
disease. W.’s retractor, two wire hooks joined 
by elastic bands used for keeping open a trache¬ 
otomy wound. 

Wel'mann’s reagent. A color test, green changed 
by ammonia to blue, given by vegetable oils with 
a- 5% aqueous solution of sodium phosphomolyb- 
date acidulated with nitric acid. 

welt. —Wheal. 

Wel'ter’s safety tube, Safety tube. 

welt'me-rism. A form of quackery in which sug¬ 
gestive therapeutics plays a prominent part. 

wen. A sebaceous cyst: they occur most frequently 
about the face and scalp. 

Wenzell’s test (vent'zelz). A delicate test for 
strychnine, made by treating with a solution of 
I part of potassium permanganate in 2000 parts 
of sulphuric acid, when color reactions will be 
given. 

Weppen’s test (v^p'enz). i. A test for morphine, 
made by treating with sugar, sulphuric acid, and 
bromine, when a red color will be formed. 2. A 
test for veratrine, made by adding sugar and sul¬ 
phuric acid, when a yellow, green, or blue color 
will be formed. 

Werl'hofs disease. = Purpura hemorrhagica. 
[P. S. Werlhof, German physician, 1699-1757.] 

wer'muth. Creme d’absinthe. 

Wernekinck’s commissure (v^r'nf-cmcz). The de¬ 
cussation of the fibres of the tegmentum of the 
cerebral peduncles. 

Wernicke’s fissure (vir'ni-cez). An occasional fis¬ 
sure running vertically on the lateral surface of 
the brain between the extremity of the fissure of 
Sylvius and the posterior end of the cerebrum; 
exoccipital fissure. W.’s centre, the auditory 
wordscentre situated posteriorly in the first tem- 
porosphenoidal (or Wernicke’s) convolution. W.’s 
reaction, sign, or symptom, a peculiar reaction of 
the pupil when a ray of light is thrown on the 
retina in lateral hemianopsia. If the pupil con¬ 
tracts when the light is thrown on the insensitive 
half of the retina, the cause of the hemianopsia 
is a central lesion; if it does not so contract, 
there must be interruption of the reflex arc be¬ 
tween the retina and the iris (t. e., the optic 
nervesfibres from the retina to the centre, the 
centre itself, and the third nerve), and the hemi¬ 
anopsia is due to lesion of this tract; hemiopic 
pupillary reaction and hemianopic iris reaction 
sign. W.’s sagittal tract — sagittal medullary 

TRACT. 

Wer'theim’s ointment. An ointment of 2 drs. of 
ammoniated mercury, 2 drs. of bismuth, and i oz. 
of glycerin ointment: used for chloasmata. W. 
operation, an operation for falling of the womb. 

West Indian colic. Lead colic. 

West'phalsErb sign or symptom. ==Westphal's 

SYMPTOM. 

West'phalsPiltz’s phenomenon. Contraction of the 
pupil, followed by distention, after energetic 
shutting of the lids: it is due to tension of the 
orbicularis muscle. 


West'phal’s balance. A variety of specific*gravity 
balance. W.’s contraction, contraction of a mus¬ 
cle caused by approximating its extremities, ob¬ 
served in paralysis agitans and various spinal 
affections. W.’s footsphenomenon = ankle clo¬ 
nus. W.’s neurosis, a form of hysteria analogous 
in its course to multiple sclerosis. W.’s nucleus, 
a small nucleus of gray matter beneath the aque¬ 
duct of Sylvius and connected with the main 
nucleus of the trochlear nerve; posterior trochlear 
nucleus. W.’s paradoxic contraction = W.’s con¬ 
traction. W.’s pupillary reflex = Westphals 
Piltz’s phenomenon. W.’s sign or S)miptom, loss 
of the kneesjerk in pneumonia: a symptom of 
locomotor ataxia. [K. F. O. Wesiphal, German 
neurologist, 1833- .] 

west'ru-mite. A mixture of the heavy oils of tar 
emulsified with ammonia; a disinfectant. 

wet brain. Excessive serosity of the brain or its 
membranes which is observed in delirium tre¬ 
mens or alcoholic meningitis. W. cupping, cup¬ 
ping in which scarification is performed. W. 
dream, a lascivious dream accompanied by an 
emission of semen; a physiological attempt on 
nature’s part to take the place of sexual inter¬ 
course, and unattended with detrimental symp¬ 
toms unless occurring too frequently. Sleeping 
on the back is a predisposing cause. W.=nurse, 
one who gives suck to the child of another. {See 
that neither one is syphilitic !) W. pack, a wrap¬ 
ping of sheets or cloths, wet in cold water, as in 
typhoid fever, or in hot water, as in rheumatism, 
the patient then being covered with blankets. 
^ Mustard=pack. W.=scald, eczema of sheep 
caused by cold, damp weather. W. tetter, eczema. 

Wet'zel’s test. The carmine color produced by 
water and tannic acid with blood containing 
carbon monoxide, Gn. ’09.] 

Weyl’s test (wailz). i. A test for creatinine, made 
by adding a few drops of diluted solution of 
sodium nitroprusside, then dropping in diluted 
solution of sodium hydrate, when a ruby red 
color will form, changing to yellow, green, and 
blue (not purple) with acetic acid. 2. A test for 
nitric acid in the urine, made by distilling 200 
Cc. of urine with ^ part of hydrochloric or sul¬ 
phuric acid, receiving the distillate in potassium 
hydrate solution, and adding either (a) meta- 
phenylenediamine, when a yellow color will form, 
or (b) some aqueous solution of pyrogallic acid 
containing a little sulphuric acid, when a brown¬ 
ish color will form, or (c) a solution of sulphanilic 
acid, and then, after ten minutes, naphthylamine 
hydrochlorate, when a red color will form, if nitric 
acid is present. 

Whar'ton’s (whar-to'ni an) canal or duct. The duct 
of the submaxillary gland. W.’s jelly or gelatine, 
the jellyslike mucous tissue surrounding the 
umbilical vessels and composing the bulk of the 
umbilical cord. [Thomas Wharton, English anato¬ 
mist, 1610-1673.] 

wheal (hwil). A white or pinkish elevation of the 
skin, as if produced by a stroke from a cane, due 
usually to dilatation of the capillaries and serous 
exudation into the corium; welt, ts- Urticakria. 
W.sworm = Leptus autumnalis. 

wheat. The seeds of Trit'icum hyber'num and Trit'- 
icuni crsti'vum. is- Triticum*. W. oil, a purga¬ 
tive oil derived from the embryos of wheat, beans, 
etc. W. starch, starch obtained from wheat: used 
as food, as a dusting powder, and as an emollient 
in the form of paste. 


WHITE AGARIC 


1092 


WHEATSTONE’S BRIDGE 

Wheat'stone’s bridge. An apparatus for determin¬ 
ing electrical resistance. 

wheeUcrutch. A go-cart, or an arrangement on 
wheels for enabling paralytic children, or those 
affected with hip disease, etc., to walk, 
wheel of life. = Zoetrope. 

Wheelhouse’s method (hwil'haus-tz). Exposing the 
stricture in perineal section by the end of a 
sound passed through the wound. W.’s opera¬ 
tion, ^URETHROTOMY. 

wheezing. Difficult breathing attended with a 
whistling soimd. In horses the condition is 
common. 

whelk. I. = Wheal: applied to various forms of 
cutaneous diseases. 2. A small tubercle usually 
situated on the face; ionthus. 3. A popular name 
for various marine gasteropods. 
whetstone crystals. Crystals of uric acid some¬ 
times seen in the urine, 
whet'tle-bone. A vertebra. 

whey. The thin fluid part of milk which remains 
after the separation of the curd; serum lactis: 
sometimes used as a culture medium, Wine 
whey. W.scure, the administration of a diet of 
whey in certain diseases. W.sproteid, a proteid 
of milk arising from the caseinogen which is 
not converted into casein. 
whick'flaw. = Whitlow. 
whiff, Oral whiff. 
whin. =Ulex. 

whip'ping. I. = Flagellation. 2. Defibrinization 
of blood by stirring it with a glass rod or other 
suitable implement as a preliminary to trans¬ 
fusion. 

whip'sworm. =Trichuris. 

whirl'bone. i. The head of the femur. 2. The 
patella. 

whirl'ing chair. A rapidly revolving chair used for 
the purpose of quieting a violent maniac. W. 
machine, a revolving machine to show the effect 
of color admixture with disks of various kinds of 
colored papers, Centrifuge. 
whirl'pool. == Vortex*. 

whis'ky, whiskey. Any potable liquor distilled from 
grain, including preparations containing rectified 
spirits made from grain; spiritus frumenti*; 
the usual form of alcohol given medicinally. 
According to the revised internal revenue regu¬ 
lations, no adjective or descriptive word, such as 
bourbon— a com^whisky first made in Bourbon 
County, Kentucky—or rye, can be used while it is 
in bond. When sold such adjectives may be added, 
but the whisky must be “ straight,” i. e., 100 % 
pure. Blended whisky is a blend of two or more 
straight whiskies, put together to obtain a par¬ 
ticular shade or flavor to suit certain tastes. 
Compound whisky is a mixture of whisky and 
anything else, such as neutral spirits made from 
molasses. Imitation whisky contains no whisky 
at all but is made up of alcohol, water, coloring 
matter and flavoring, usually prune juice. W. 
liver, cirrhosis of the liver due to excessive whisky* 
drinking. W. nose, acne rosacea, 
whis'per. To speak in a low voice: the glottis is not 
employed, fwhis'pered, as W. bronchophony, 
BRONCHOPHONY, whis'per-ing, as W. pectoriloquy, 
the whispering sound heard in auscultating the 
chest, and W. resonance, a whisper=sound trans¬ 
mitted through the chest to the ear of the aus- 
cultator. 

whist'le. ca- Galton’s whistle. fwhist'ler = 
ROARER, whist'ling. cy Broken wind. 


white agaric. = Polyporus officinalis. W. an¬ 
timony, antimony trioxide, SbgOj. W. arsenic = 

ARSENI TRIOXIDUM*. W. ash = FRAXINUS AMERI¬ 
CANA. W. atrophy, atrophy of the substance of a 
nerve without the formation of deposits, leaving 
the connective tissue alone. W. baneberry = 
ACTVEA alba. W. bkch, BIRCH. W. blisters 
= VARICELLA GANGRENOSA. W.sblood disease = 
LEUKEMIA. W. bole = KAOLIN. W. bread, bread 
made of flour from the inner part of wheat de¬ 
prived of its envelopes. W. canella = canella 
ALBA. W. cap, W. castile soap = sapo*. W. cell, 

= BLOOD*CORPUSCLE, WHITE. W. clot, a decolor¬ 
ized bloodsclot. W. clover = Trifolium repens. 
W. cohosh, the plant Actce'a al'ba. W. commis¬ 
sure, the anterior commissure of the spinal cord. 
W. copperas = sulphate of zinc. W. corpuscle, 
ly BLooD*coRPUscLE, WHITE. W. diarrhoea, diar¬ 
rhoea in which the faeces contain a quantity of thin 
white mucus. W. dysentery, dysentery in which 
the stools are bloodless. W. erysipelas, an irreg¬ 
ular type of erysipelas in which there is cedema- 
tous swelling, but without the presence of florid 
congestion. W. of egg = albumen, def. i, W. of 
eye = sclerotica. W. fibrous tissue, ly fibrous 
TISSUE. W. flake = PLUMBI CARBONAS. W. flux 
= HILL COLIC. W. fraxinella = dictamnus albus. 
W. gangrene, gangrene in which the tissues be¬ 
come whitish instead of black; due to anaemia and 
obstruction of the lymphatics., W. gum = vStro- 
PHULus ALBiDus. W. hellebore = veratrum 
ALBUM. W. hepatization, ry hepatization. W. 
hives, bullae sometimes observed in smallpox. W. 
infarct or infarction, embolic plugging of end arte¬ 
ries followed by a necrosis of the tissues, which 
assume a whitish color. ly infarction. W. ipe¬ 
cac, ly lONiDiuM. W. kidney, a kidney which has 
suffered lardaceous degeneration. W. laurel, the 
plant Magno'lia glau'ca. W. lead = lead car¬ 
bonate. W.slead paper = lead carbonate 
PAPER. W. leg = PHLEGMASIA ALBA DOLENS. 
W. leprosy, tyALBARAs; leprosy. W. line, a 
curved band of fibres in the pelvic fascia, running 
from the inner surface of the pubic symphysis to 
the lower part of the ischial spine; arcus tendin- 
eus. It marks the point of division of the fascia 
into the obturator and rectovesical layers. W. 
liquor, a Southern negro term for alcohol. W. 
matter = W. substance. W. metal, a variety of 
cuprous sulphide. W. mole, a light*colored naevus. 
W. mustard = sin apis alba, from which W. mus¬ 
tard oil is obtained. W. nail, a condition in which 
white patches not due to injury occur on the nails. 
W. nix, crude zinc oxide. W. nucleus, the white 
matter, of the dentate body of the olive. W. 
oak = QUERCUS ALBA. W. Of egg= ALBUMEN. 
W. pearl, bismuth subnitrate or chloride. W. 
pepper = piper album. W. permanent, artificial 
barium carbonate or sulphate. W. pine syrup, 
compound ==SYRUPUS pini strobi compositus, 
N. F. W. plague, a popular name for pulmonary 
tuberculosis. W. pneumonia, a fatal form of catar¬ 
rhal pneumonia due to congenital syphilis and giv¬ 
ing the lungs a white color. W. poppy = Papaver 
soMNiFERUM. W. precipitate, a compound formed 
when ammonia water is added to a solution of 
mercuric chloride. W. precipitate, fusible, the 
soluble, antiseptic, double salt, HgClgfNHCljg. 
W. pox, a mild disease resembling variola, vacci¬ 
nation not taking until about six months after 
an attack. W. resin = resina alba. W. sandals 
wood, ty sandal*wood. W. saunders = santa- 


WHITEHEAD’S OPERATION 


1093 


WILLEMITE 


LUM ALBUM. W. Softening, c5- softening of the 
BRAIN. W. substance, that portion of the brain 
and spinal cord which has a white appearance, 
being composed of medullated nervesfibres; sub¬ 
stantia alba*. W. substance of Schwann, ^mye¬ 
lin; .MEDULLARY SHEATH. W. Swelling, gelatin- 
ous arthritis, usually tuberculous: seen especially 
on the knee-joint. W. tache, i^taches blanches. 
W. thrombus, an antesmortem clot of a white 
color. W. turpentine, solid turpentine. W. ve- 
ratrum = VERATRUM album. W. vitriol = zinci 
SULPHAS*. W. vomit, a clear, pale fluid vomited 
in certain stages of yellow fever. W. wax, bees¬ 
wax bleached by light and moisture. W. whortle¬ 
berry, Vaccinium. W. willow, willow. 
W. wine=viNUM album*. W. wine, stronger 
= vinum album fortius, N. F. 

Whitehead’s operation. i. Excision of hemor¬ 

rhoids by removal of a circular piece of mucous 
membrane including the tumors and subsequent 
suturing. 2. Excision of the tongue through 
the mouth by means of the scissors only. W.’s 
spiral needle, a spiral needle for use in staphylor¬ 
rhaphy. W.’s varnish, a varnish for surgical ap¬ 
plication. [Walter Whitehead, English surgeon.] 
whi'ten-ing. Calcium carbonate, ts- Chalk. 
White’s operation. Removal of the testicles for 
hypertrophy of the prostate. [J. William White, 
Philadelphia surgeon, 1850- .] 
whit'ing. A name for prepared or pulverized chalk: 

an ingredient in putty, and used as a coarse paint, 
whit'low. IS"Felon; onychia; panaritium; paro¬ 
nychia. Painless w. = Morvan’s disease. 
wholeswheat flour. The pulverized wheat after re¬ 
moval of the husks by rubbing, 
whoop. The crowing sound heard in whooping- 
cough during inspiration, 
whoop'ingscough. = Pertussis. 
whore'house tea. = Teamsters’ tea; tepote. 
whores’colic. = Colica scortorum. W.’s itch = 
army itch. 

whorl of the heart. = Vortex of the heart. 

twhorled, disposed in whorls; verticillate. 
whor'tle-ber-ry. Huckleberry. ^Vaccinium. 
Whytt’s disease (hwfts). Acute hydrocephalus. 
W.’s tincture, a compound tincture of gentian, 
cinchona, and orange peel. [R. Whytt, Scotch 
physician, 1714-1766.] 

Wich'mann’s asthma. Laryngismus stridulus. 
Wickersheimer’s fluid (wtc'^r-shai-m^rz). A fluid 
used for preserving anatomical specimens : when 
used as an injection, it is made by dissolving ar¬ 
senous acid, r6 Gm.; sodium chloride, 80 Gm.; po¬ 
tassium sulphate, 200 Gm.; potassium nitrate, 25 
Gm.; potassium carbonate, 20 Gm., in 10 litres 
of water, 4 litres of glycerin, and 0.75 litre of 
wood naphtha. 

wick'ing. Twisted threads of cotton or other sub¬ 
stances: used for packing, alcohol lamps, etc. 
wi'copy. = Dirca palustris. 

Wi'dal’s cure or treatment. = Dechloridation. 
W.’s reaction or test, a test for typhoid to deter¬ 
mine the presence of specific agglutinins in the 
blood; Gruber’s test; Gruber-Durham reaction. 
It is performed by adding a drop of bouillon con¬ 
taining actively motile typhoid bacilli to a drop 
of blood-serum diluted forty times, and then ob¬ 
serving the result under the microscope. If in 
the course of twenty minutes to an hour the ba¬ 
cilli begin to collect in groups and then in clumps, 
the reaction is termed positive, and shows that 
the one from whom the blood was taken has or has 


had typhoid fever. The test may be made with¬ 
out living bacilli — a number of persons have 
contracted typhoid fever by infecting themselves 
during the performance of the test — and with- 



Widal’s test.—N egative on the left; positive (clump¬ 
ing) on the right side. 

out a microscope, as follows: Some blood-serum 
from the patient is mixed with a sterilized so¬ 
lution of sodium chloride, and a portion of this is 
mixed in turn with a sterilized typhoid culture. 
The reaction is positive when the bacteria sink 
to the bottom of the vessel, while the liquid por¬ 
tion above becomes clear. 

Wid'mer’s sign. The right axillary temperature 
higher than the left in many cases of appendicitis. 
Wig'ger’s ergotin. An alcoholic extract of ergot 
deprived of its fixed oil. 

wild. In botany, growing spontaneously, unculti¬ 
vated. W. basil, the herb of Calamin'tha clino- 
po'dium. W. bergamot == Monarda fistulosa. 
W. cabbage. Bras'sica olera'cea. W. chamomile = 
Matricaria chamomilla. W. cherry, Pru¬ 
nes viRGiNiANA*: of which there are an infusion, 
syrup, and fluidextract in the U. S. P. and a wine 
and ferrated wine in the N. F. W. cinnamon = 
Canella alba. W. cotton, Asclepias syriaca. 
W. cucumber, ts- Momordica elaterium. W. 
elder = Aralia hispida. W.sflre = erysipelas. 
W. ginger = Asarum canadense. W. hydran¬ 
gea = Hydrangea arborescens. W. indigo = 
Baptisia tinctoria. W. liquorice = Abrus pre- 
CATORius. W. mustard, the seed of Sisym'briunt 
nastur'tium, which contains a volatile oil. W. rad¬ 
ish, Rapha'nus raphanis'trum, the seeds of which 
contain a volatile oil. W.srash, a temporary ery¬ 
thematous rash. W. sarsaparilla = Aralia nudi- 
CAULis. W. yam = Dioscorea villosa. 
Wil'dermuth’s ear. An ear in which the anthelix 
is unduly prominent. 

Wil'der’s quadrant. An area on the ventral surface 
of the cerebral crus of a cat. [B. G. Wilder, 
American naturalist, 1841- .] 

Wilde’s cords. The transverse striae of the corpus 
callosum. W.’s incision or operation, an opera¬ 
tion for mastoid abscess, consisting in exposing 
the mastoid process by an incision behind the 
auricle, and, if necessary, opening the bone. 
[Sir W. R. W. Wilde, Irish surgeon, 1810-1876.] 
Wild'seu-che. A septicaemic disease of animals, with 
gangrenous broncho-pneumonia. [Ger.] 
Wil'kinson’s disease. Paralysis agitans. W.’s oint¬ 
ment, UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS COMPOSITUM. 

Wilks’s disease. Chronic (parenchymatous) ne¬ 
phritis. W.’s kidney = large white kidney- 
Wil'lan’s lepra. Psoriasis. 

Wil'lard’s disease. Tubercular lupus, 
wil'lem-ite. A native zinc silicate. 


WILLIAMSON’S BLOODsTEST 


1094 


WINKER 


Wil'liamson’s bloodstest. The decolorization of an 
alkaline solution of methylene blue by diabetic 
blood. 

Wil'liams’s sign or tracheal tone. A resonance 
heard in the second intercostal space in severe 
pleural effusion. It is of a dull tympanic qual¬ 
ity, becoming higher in pitch when the mouth is 
opened. 

Wil'lis’s cords. Small, white, fibrous bands which 
in many places cross the lumen of the superior 
longitudinal sinus of the brain. W.’s circle = 
ciRCULUs ARTERIOSUS [WiLLisi]*. W.’s disease, 
diabetes. W.’s glands = corpora albicantia. 
[ll Gn. ’09.] W.’s nerve, the spinal accessory 
nerve. W.’s pa/acousis or paracusis = paracu¬ 
sis wiLLisiANA. [Thomas Willis, English anat¬ 
omist, 1621-1675.] 

wil'low. A tree of the genus Sa'lix, the bark of 
several species of which furnishes salicin. The 
bark of Sa'lix al'ba is used as a tonic, anti- 
periodic, and anthelmintic. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 
grs.). fs- Salicinum*. W. fracture = green- 
stick FRACTURE. W. herb = Epilobium angus- 

TIFOLIUM. 

Wil'sonsBrocq’s disease. = Wilson’s disease. 

Wil'son’s benzoated alkaline mixture. A mixture 
of 90 grs. of potassium bicarbonate^ 30 grs. of 
benzoic acid, 4 fl. drs. of syrup of orange, and 
24^ fl. ozs. of water. Dose, a tablespoonful three 
times a day, after meals. W.’s disease, acute 
dermatitis attended with exfoliation of the cuticle 
and desquamation. W.’s formula, a preparation 
of I oz. of sulphur, 2 drs. of potassium carbonate, 
5 ozs. of benzoinated lard, and ^ dr. of oil of 
chamomile: used as a parasiticide. W.’s lichen 
= LICHEN PLANUS. W.’s muscle. I. The lon¬ 
gitudinal fasciculi of the compressor urethrae 
muscle. 2. The levator prostatae muscle. 

wilt'ed. Flaccid; drooping; partly withered. 

Winckel’s disease (vmc'flz). A fatal disease of 
new-born infants, marked by icterus, hemorrhage, 
bloody urine, and cyanosis; epidemic haemoglo- 
binuria of the new=born. 

Winckler’s test (vtnc'krz). i. A test for alkaloids, 
made by adding a solution of mercuric chloride in 
an excess of potassium iodide, when a white pre¬ 
cipitate will form, 2. A test for iodine, made by 
adding a mixture of sodium nitrite and starch 
paste, when a blue color will form if iodine or 
iodides are present. 

mnd. I. = Flatulence. 2. Simoon; sirocco, 
etc, W.sblast = COUP DE VENT. W.sbroken, 
affected with convulsive breathing; asthmatic: 
said of a horse. W. colic, pain in the bowels caused 
by the collecting of wind. W. contusion, internal 
contusion without any mark of external injury, 
formerly attributed to the compression of the air 
when a missile, as a cannonsball, passed close to 
the body without actually striking it; wind of a 
ball or shot. It is now believed that there is actual 
contact, but that by its elasticity the skin escapes 
injury. W. dropsy, meteorism and emphysema of 
the skin, t®- Tympanites. W.sflower, Anem¬ 
one; Pulsatilla. W.sgall = vessicnon. W. 
stroke, acute spinal paralysis of the horse. 

win'dage. =Wind contusion. 

windflass. Spanish windlass, 

win'dow. = Fenestra. W. operation, an operation 
for correcting deflection of the nasal septum by 
means of a flap opening through the cartilaginous 
and bony matter. 

wind'pipe. The trachea. 


wind'sor soap. A scented soda soap made from i 
part of olive oil and 9 parts of tallow with sodium 
hydrate, 

wine. I. An alcoholic beverage obtained by fer¬ 
menting the juice of the grape, or of fruits the 
juice of which resembles that of the grape. Wines 
contain from 80 to 90% of water and from 7 to 
17% of alcohol, which renders them stimulant. 
The tannin they contain renders them tonic and 
astringent. White w. (c^vinum album*) is ob¬ 
tained by fermenting the juice of grapes without 
the seeds or skins, and is of a pale*yellow color. 
Red wines (j^vinum rubrum*) contain tannin, 
which renders them astringent and less easily ab¬ 
sorbed than white wines. 2. A solution of a me¬ 
dicinal substance in wine. c^ViNUM. [h.vi'num.^ 
W. of aloes = viNUM aloes. W. of antimony = 
VINUM ANTIMONII*. W. of COCa = VINUM COC^*. 
W. of colchicum root = viNUM colchici radicis. 
W. of colchicum seed = vinum colchici seminis*. 
W. of ergot == VINUM ERGOTiE*. W. of erythrox- 
ylon = VINUM ERYTHRoxYLi. W. of fertic citrate 
= VINUM FERRI CITRATIS. W. Of ipeCaC = VINUM 
IPECACUANHA*. W. of irOn = VINUM FERRI*. 
W. of iron, bitter = vinum ferri amarum*. W.» 
madness — CENOMANIA. W.5nose = ACNE rosa¬ 
cea. W. of opium = VINUM opii*. W. of orange 
= VINUM AURANTII. W. of pepsin = VINUM PEP- 
siNi. W. of rhubarb = VINUM rhei. W. of steel 
= VINUM FERRI*. W.sStOne = ARGOL. W. of tar 
= VINUM picis. W. of tobacco = vinum tabaci. 
W. vinegar, vinegar produced by the fermentation 
of wine. W. whey, a preparation made by adding 
to a pint of boiling milk, removed from the fire, 
from a gill to a halfspint of sherry or other white 
wine, straining without pressure to separate the 
curd, and sweetening the clear whey wdth loaf* 
sugar. W. of white ash = vinum fraxini Ameri¬ 
cana. 

wine'glass-ful. A measure equal to two fluid- 
ounces. 

winespress of Herophilus. =Torcular herophili. 

wing. =Ala. Ws. of the nose = ala nasi*. Ws. 
of the sphenoid or of Ingrassias, the laterally pro¬ 
jecting processes of the sphenoid bone. The great 
wings {alae magnae*) lie between the petrous and 
squamous portions of the temporal bone behind 
and the parietal, malar, and frontal bones in 
front. The lesser wings {alae parvae*) articulate 
with the frontal bone and cover the back part of 
the orbit. twinged, as W. catheter, a catheter 
having two projections on the end, which retain 
it after it has entered the bladder, and W. scap¬ 
ulae, deformity of the scapulae in which they are 
bent forward and then backward, forming a 
peculiar bulging in the dorsal region; angels’ 
wings. 

Winiwarter’s operation (wm'f-wdr-terz). Cholecys- 
tenterostomy done by first uniting the gallblad¬ 
der to some part of the bowel, preferably the 
upper part of the jejunum, and fastening the 
parts to the peritoneum, and then, after five 
days, establishing communication between the 
intestine and the gallbladder, 

wink'er (wfngc'er). i. An eyelash. 2. = Wink¬ 
ing MUSCLE. twink'ing, as W. centre, a reflex 
centre in the medulla oblongata controlling wink¬ 
ing: W. muscle, the orbicularis palpebrarum 
muscle: and W. spasm, a movement of the eyelid 
like that made in winking, due to spasm of the 
orbicularis palpebrarum muscle: usually a form 
of TIC. 








WINSLOW’S FORAMEN 


1095 


WOODsALCOHOL 


Wins'low’s foramen. An aperture establishing 
communication between the lesser and larger sacs 
of the peritoneum-; Scarpa’s hiatus; foramen epi- 
ploicum [Winslowi]*. Its boundaries are: in 
front, the gastrohepatic omentum, containing the 
portal vein, the hepatic artery, and the bile-duct; 
behind, the inferior vena cava; above, the cau¬ 
date lobe of the liver; below, the horizontal por¬ 
tion of the hepatic artery and the duodenum. 
W.’s ligament, the posterior segment to the cap¬ 
sular ligament of the kneesjoint, strengthened by 
the external process of the tendon of the semi¬ 
membranosus muscle; posterior ligament of the 
knee*joint. W.’s pancreas, the lesser pancreas. 
W.’s posterior ligament, irregular bands passing 
obliquely over the back part of the capsular liga¬ 
ment of the kneesjoint. W.’s stars, whorls of 
capillary vessels in the choriocapillary layer of 
the eye, forming the beginnings of the vorticose 
veins; stellulae vasculosae winslowi. [J. B. Wins¬ 
low, a physician of Paris, 1669-1760.] 
win'terscher-ry. =Physalis alkekengi; alke- 
KENGi. W.scough, chronic bronchitis recurring 
every winter. W.scress = Barbarea vulgaris. 
W. epidemic, cerebro*spinal meningitis. W.=fat 
= Eurotia lanata. W.sitch, a variety of itch 
attacking chiefly the lower limbs in winter. 
Winte'ra aromat'ica. Winter’s bark. 
Wintera'na canel'la. =Canella alba. 
wintera'nus cor'tex. =Winter’s bark. 
win'tersber-ry. =Prinos verticillatus. 
win'ter-ene. An oil, C15H24, the essential oil of 
Winter’s bark. 

win'ter-green. Gaultheria. 

Win'ter’s bark. The bark of Dri'mys aromat'ica or 
Dri'mys winte'ri (formerly termed Winte'ra 
aromat'ica), an evergreen tree of Chile and other 
parts of South America; winteranus cortex: 
used as a stimulant aromatic tonic. 

Wintrich’s sign (vtn'trtcHs). Alteration in the 
pitch of the percussionssound over a pulmonary 
cavity when the mouth is opened: a sign of pul¬ 
monary tuberculosis. 

wire ligature. A wire of metal, as of silver, used 
for ligation. W. probe, a wire used as a probe, 
wir'ing. The fastening of pieces of broken bone by 
means of wire sutures, Aneurism; filipunc- 
ture; tiring. 

Wirsung’s canal or duct (vir'sflngz). = Pancre¬ 
atic DUCT. 

wi'ry pulse. A pulse resembling the filiform pulse, 
with the difference that it is very hard as well as 
narrow. 

wis'dom tooth. The posterior permanent molar 
tooth on either side of each jaw, which is the 
last to appear of all the teeth; dens serotinus*. 
wis'mol. A proprietary antiseptic and dusting 
powder. 

wisp. Inflammation of the tissue between the toes 
of a cow’s hind foot. 

Wista'ria chinen'sis. An ornamental creeping vine 
from which wis'tar-in, a crystalline, poisonous 
glucoside, is obtained. 

Wis'tar’s cough lozenges. Lozenges of glycyrrhiza 
and opium. W.’s pyramid =sphenoturbinal 

BONE. 

witchsmeal. = Lycopodium*. 
witch'es’ milk. A milky fluid secreted from the 
mamma of the newly born; Hexenmilch. 
witch'ha-zel. = Hamamelis. W. water = aqua 
hamamelidis*. 

Witha'nia somnif'era. An hypnotic plant. 


with'er-ing cancer. == Scirrhous cancer. 
With'er-ing’s infusion. An infusion of digitalis very 
similar to that of the U. S. P. 
with'ers. The ridge on a horse’s back above the 
shoulders, formed by the spinous processes of the 
dorsal vertebrae. 

Witz’s test. A test for hydrochloric acid in the 
gastric juice, made by adding the juice to a 
aqueous solution of methyl violet, when a violet 
color will form, changing to blue. 

Wladimiroff’s operation (vldd'i-mir-ofs). Tarsec- 
tomy with removal of the lower end of the tibia 
and fibula, the astragalus, the os calcis, and the 
posterior parts of the scaphoid and cuboid bones; 
Mikulicz’s operation. 

woad. The plant Isa'tis tincto'rih, formerly used as 
a blue dye. 

Woillez’s disease (vwa- 16 z). Acute pulmonary con¬ 
gestion. 

wolf mania. = Lycanthropy. 

WolffsEiss'ner reaction. = Calmette’s reaction. 
wolf'fi an body. The mesonephros {corpus Wolffi*) 
or primitive kidney; the excretory organ of the 
embryo consisting of series of tubules developed 
from the wolffian ridge and opening into the duct. 
It forms the Anlage of the kidney. W. cyst, 
a cyst formed by dilatation of the tubular atro¬ 
phic remnants of the wolffian body. W. duct, a 
paired, longitudinal, tubular duct, formed prob¬ 
ably from the ectoderm and running caudalward 
between the protovertebrae and the point of 
junction of the somatopleure and splanchno- 
pleure, and opening into the cloaca; segmental 
duct, ductus Wolffi*. It is the first indication of 
the genitosurinary apparatus. The upper portion 
persists in the female as the parovarium; in the 
male as the epididymis*. W. ridge, a paired ridge 
on the dorsal surface of the bodyscavity, contain¬ 
ing the wolffian and mullerian ducts; nephridial 
ridge. W. tubules, tortuous tubules starting from 
malpighian bodies and joining the wolffian duct 
at right angles; segmental tubules; nephridia. 
[<C. F. Wolff, German embryologist, 1733-1794.] 
Wolff’s canal. = Wolffian duct. W.’s law, 

every change in the form and function of bones 
or of their function alone is followed by certain 
definite changes in their internal architecture and 
equally definite secondary alterations of their ex¬ 
ternal conformation, in accordance with mathe¬ 
matical laws. 

Wolfler’s operation (vol'flerz). The operation of 
forming a communication between the stomach 
and the small intestine in cancer of the pylorus. 
W.’s suture, a form of tendon*suture. 
wolf-ra'mi um, wolf'ram. = Tungsten fwolF- 
ra-mite, tungsten. 
wolfs'bane. ==Aconitum napellus. 

WoFlas-ton’s doublet. A microscopical lens, con¬ 
sisting of a combination of two planoconvex 
lenses, for correcting chromatic aberration. [W. H. 
Wollaston, English physicist, 1766-1828.]- 
womb. = Uterus*. W. grain = ergot. W.s 
mirror, a mirror so arranged as to enable in¬ 
spection of the interior of the womb. W.s 
passage = VAGINA*. W.sstone. i. A calculus 
formed within the womb. 2. A tumor of the 
uterus which has become calcified, 
woo'ba. A kind of diarrhoea occurring in the East 
Indies. 

woodsalcohol. = Methyl alcohol. W.sbetony 
= Betonica officinalis. W.s charcoal = 
carbo ligni*. W.sfern = Aspidium spinulo- 


WOODBINE 


1096 


WOUND 


SUM. W.sgum, a gum, resembling acacia, from 
the wood of certain foliage trees. W.slouse = 
Oniscus asellus. W. s naphtha — methyl 

ALCOHOL. W.soil = BALSAM OF GURJUN. W.s 
pulp, a material used in the manufacture of pa¬ 
per and also highly recommended for surgical 
splints. W.ssoot = FULiGO LiGNi. W.ssotrel = 
OXALIS ACETOSELLA. W. s Spirit = METHYL AL¬ 
COHOL. W.star, TAR. W.stea, a decoction 
of sassafras, licorice root, ononis root, and 
guaiacum wood; species lignorum; species 
sudorificae. W.s tic, ts- Ixodes. W.s vinegar 
= PYROLIGNEOUS ACID. W. wool, a material, 
resembling wool, obtained from wood»fibre and 
used for waddings, packings, etc. 

wood'bine. A popular name for several species of 
Lonicera and Ampelopsis. 

Wood'bur-y test. A test for alcohol in the urine, 
made by adding 2 Cc. of urine to i Cc. of sul¬ 
phuric acid, adding a crystal of potassium bi¬ 
chromate, when a green color will form. 

wood'en tongue. An actinomycotic tongue. 

wood'ruff. Asperula. 

Wood’s fusible metal. An alloy consisting of i 
or 2 parts of cadmium, 2 parts of tin, 4 parts of 
lead, and 7 or 8 parts of bismuth. It melts 
between 66° and 71° C. W.’s operatfon, closing 
of the inguinal canal by sutur¬ 
ing the pillars of the ring, for the 
cure of inguinal hernia. W.’s 
rhinoplasty, cr rhinoplasty. 

W.’s test, the use of potassium 
iodide in testing for syphilis: it 
is not reliable. 

wood'y nightshade. =Solanum 

DULCAMARA. W. tisSUe = PLEU- 
RENCHYMA. 

wool. The long, thick, and curled 
hair of sheep and some other 
mammals: also applied to fine 
vegetable fibres, such as cot¬ 
ton. Antiseptic w., wool impreg¬ 
nated with some antiseptic substance. W. fat = 
ADEPS LAN^*. fwool'ly, aS W. /lOtV = LANUGO*. 

Wool'ner’s tip. The extremity of the auricular 
helix. 

wool'sor-ters’ disease. A form of anthrax attack¬ 
ing those who handle wool. 

woo'ra-li, woo'ra-ra, wooTa-ly, woo'ra-ri. = Cu¬ 
rare. 

worcesterism (wMs'tfr-izm). The treatment, after 
a proper diagnosis, by persons connected with 
the church of those patients amenable to psy¬ 
chotherapy; Emmanuel movement. [Tf Elwood 
Worcester, pastor of Emmanuel Church, Boston.] 

word'sblind-ness. Inability to recognize written or 
printed words as symbols of ideas, although the 
power of speaking, writing, and understanding 
speech may be present; textsblindness; due to 
subcortical lesion involving the afferent fibres go¬ 
ing to the visual wordscentre. Aphasia. W.s 
centre, a brainccentre governing the perception 
of words as signs or ideas. Auditory w.scentre, 
a centre situated in the left superior temporo- 
sphenoidal convolution and governing the per¬ 
ception of spoken words. The Visual w.scentre 
governs the .perception of printed or written 
words, and is situated in the posterior part of the 
left parietal lobe. W.sdeafness, a lesion of the 
auditory wordscentre, in which, though the sounds 
of words are heard, they are not perceived as the 
symbols of ideas: often associated with word* 



BLINDNESS. MiNDsDEAFNESS. W.smania, VCF- 
bigeration. W.sphotism, phonism ; photism. 

work'ing distance. The distance of the objective 
of a microscope from the object viewed when it 
is at focus. W. ocular, an ordinary ocular for 
microscopical observation: distinguished from 
finding ocular. 

worm. I. Any small, creeping animal made up of 
rings, as a guinea w.,threadsW., etc. fs- Filaria; 
parasite; t^nia. Vermes. W. abscess, an 
abscess caused by the presence of a worm. W. 
colic, pain in the intestines caused by worms. 
W. fever, a fever, occurring in children, said to 
be due to the presence of intestinal worms. W. 
tea, compound infusion of spigelia, made from 
240 grs. each of spigelia and manna, 120 grs. of 
senna, 60 grs. of fennel, and 16 fi. ozs. of boiling 
water; pink and senna. Dose, 30 to 150 Cc. (i 
to 5 fl. ozs.). 2. = Vermis*. 3. The coiled 
portion of a still. 

wor'mi an bone. One of the small, irregular bones 
in the sutures between the bones of the skull; os 
suturae’^. [< O. Worm, Danish physician, 1588- 
1654.] 

Worm'ley’s test. i. A test for alkaloids, made by 
treating with an alcoholic solution of picric acid, 
when a yellow precipitate will form. 2. A test 
for alkaloids, made by treating with a solution of 
I part of iodine and 2 parts of potassium iodide 
in 60 parts of water, when a colored precipitate 
will form. [Theodore G. Wormley, American 
chemist, 1826-1897.] 

WormsMiiller’s test (v6rm-mu'lfrz). A test for 
glucose in the urine, made by boiling in a test* 
tube 5 Cc. of urine, and at the same time in an¬ 
other teststube ^ Cc. of. a 2.5% solution of cop¬ 
per sulphate and 2.5 Cc. of a solution of i part 
of sodic potassium tartrate in 10 parts of a 4% 
solution of sodium hydrate; stop boiling both at 
the same time, and mix, when a yellowish or red 
precipitate will form. 

worm'seed. Chenopodium. 

worm'wood. The common name of Artemis'ia 
ahsin'thium : tonic and ai>thelmintic. 

wor'sted sponge. A substitute 
for sponge, consisting of 
pieces of worsted made into 
a ball and tied up in gauze. 

W. test = Holmgren’s TEST. 

wort. I. An infusion of malt. 

It has been used in scurvy 
and as a dressing for wounds. 

2. A term applied to plants 
generally, as in sneezewort. 

Woulffe’s bottle (vul'ffz). A 
threemecked bottle used for 
washing gases or for satu¬ 
rating liquids with a gas. 

wound. An injury, usually 

with a solution of continuity to one or other of 
the soft parts of the body, caused by external 
violence; material and bodily hurt; hurt; injury. 

Infection; stab. Contused w., a wound made 
by a violent blow from some blunt instrument or 
surface and accompanied by bruising of the tissues. 
Dissection w., a wound received while dissecting, 
operating, or making post=mortem examinations. 
Gunshot w., a wound caused by metallic or other 
bodies projected from firearms. Incised w., a 
wound made by simple division of the tissues by 
a sharp cutting instrument without contusion or 
laceration. Lacerated w., a wound in which the 

























WOORALI 


1097 


WYMAN’S STRAP 


tissues, instead of being divided by a cutting in¬ 
strument, have been tom asunder by violence, the 
edges being jagged and irregular. Open w., one 
having a free external opening. Penetrating w., 
a wound which opens one of the body*cavities. 
Poisoned w., a wound infected with some poison; 
a wound caused by some poisonous reptile or in¬ 
sect. Punctured w., a wound made by a pointed 
instrument, as a needle, arrow, thorn, or bayonet. 
Subcutaneous w., one in which there is only a very 
small external opening in the skin. W. diphtheria, 
diphtheritic infection of a wound. W. fever = 
TRAUMATIC FEVER. W. infection, the local changes 
induced by the invading organisms remaining 
and multiplying at their point of entrance, 
woo'ra-li, woo'ra-ri. = Curare. 

Wreath, i. == Corona. 2. = Spirem. 

Wre'din’s test. A test of live^birth of a child, de¬ 
pending on the presence or absence of a jellyslike 
substance in the middle ear. Absence of this is 
said to be a proof that the child has breathed, 
and therefore was bom alive, 
wrest'ling, Japanese. =Jiusjitsu. 

Wright’s bodies. = Leishmania tropica. 
Wrightda. A genus of apocynaceous shmbs or 
scandent trees. W. antidysenter'ica, a native of 
India. Its bark, called conessi bark, furnishes 
the tonic and febrifuge alkaloid wright'ine or 
conessine, CgoH^gNj. W. tincto'ria, a native of 
India, from the leaves of which an inferior sort 
of indigo is obtained. 

Wright’s collecting tube. A practical tube for col¬ 
lecting blood. W.’s method. ^ Opsonic index ; 
OPSONIN. W.’s coagulometer, an instrument for 
determining the coagulation time of the blood. 
W.’s stain, a 
favorite form 

of EOSINATE OF 
METHYLEN E 
BLUE, used for 
staining spread 
specimens of 
blood. The 
stain is dis¬ 
solved in pure 
methyl alcohol 
which acts as Wright’s Collecting Tube. 
the fixative, 

in the proportion of o.i Gm. of the eosinate of 
methylene blue to 60 Cc. of the methyl alcohol, 
and diluted with distilled water when staining. 
The stain is usually found much easier to manage 
than Ehrlich’s triple stain, and colors basophile 
granules very deeply, but does not bring out 
neutrophile granules as clearly, 
wrink'led. = Rugose. 

Wrisberg’s (wrisbergian) abdominal brain (r4s'b?rgz, 
rts-ber'gi an). The solar plexus. W.’s ansa, the 
nerve connecting the great splanchnic and right 
pneumogastric nerves. W.’s cartilages, the cunei¬ 
form cartilages of the larynx. W.’s ganglion = 
CARDIAC GANGLION. W.’s lingula, nerve*fibres 
connecting the motor and sensory roots of the 
trifacial nerve. W.’s nerve, i. The small nervous 
cord accompanying the facial and auditory nerves 
within the internal auditory canal; intermediary 
nerve. 2. The lesser internal cutaneous nerve 
supplying the skin of the arm. [H. A. Wrisberg, 
a German anatomist, 1739-1808.] 
wrist. The part which connects the forearm with 
the hand; carpus*. It includes eight bones ar¬ 
ranged in two transverse rows, four in each row. 



i^Madelung’s deformity; carpo-. W.=clonus, 
spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the hand 
caused by for¬ 
cibly bending 
the hand back¬ 
ward toward 
the arm. W.s 
drop, paralysis 
of the extensor 

muscles of the Wrist-drop. 

hands, as from 
the poisonous local action of lead, in consequence 
of which the hand and wrist cannot be supported. 
W.sganglion, cystic enlargement of a tendons 
sheath upon the back of the wrist. W.sjerk, a re¬ 
flex jerk obtained by tapping the flexors or ex¬ 
tensors of the forearm. W.sjoint, the radiocarpal 
articulation. W.sreflex, jerking movements of the 
hand excited by strong extension. 

wri'ters’ cramp, paralysis, palsy, or spasm. Painful 
spasm of the muscles of the forearm, hand, and 
fingers, due to overuse in writing, and coming on 
whenever the patient attempts to write, especially 
in those who write in a faulty position very con¬ 
stantly with a stiff pen; mogigraphia. Writing 
with a quill pen will in many cases be found a per¬ 
fect refnedy. Several varieties, as Neuralgic, Par¬ 
alytic, Spastic, and Tremulous, are distinguished. 

wri'ting hand. A hand which assumes the position 
of writing: seen in paralysis agitans. W.spen = 

CALAMUS SCRIPTORIUS*. 

wry'sneck. = Torticollis. Rotatory w., a kind 
of torticollis marked by spasmodic rotatory move¬ 
ments. twry"'*^®cked. 

Wt. Abbr. for weight. 

Wun'der-lich’s laws. Rules for diagnosing typhoid 
fever from the course of the patient’s temperature. 

Wundt’s tetanus. A closing tetanus instead of a 
closing simple contraction, sometimes seen on 
passing a strong electric current through a mus¬ 
cle. ^ Ritter’s TETANUS. 

wur'ar-li. = Curare. 

wur'ras. An African anthelmintic. ^ K a mala. 

Wus'ter’s test. A test for tyrosine with quinone. 

Wutzer’s operation (vflt'sfrz). An operation for 
inguinal hernia, done by pushing up the scrotum 
to the internal ring by means of a hollow cylinder 
of wood; through this a needle is passed^ fasten¬ 
ing the scrotum and sac to the abdominal wall, 
and the parts 
are held in 
place by a 
wooden case. 

wych'ha-zel. = 

Hamamelis. 

Wy'eth’s opera¬ 
tion. Amputa¬ 
tion at the hip* 
joint, hemor¬ 
rhage being Wyeth’s Blood- 
controlled by 
an elastic cord 
or tube fasten¬ 
ed above mat¬ 
tress needles made to transfix the tissues on each 
side of the articulation. 

Wy'lie’s operation. The operation of shortening 
the round ligaments for the relief of uterine 
retroflexion: done by folding the ligaments on 
themselves and suturing. 

Wy'man’s strap. An arrangement of straps for 
holding a violently insane person in bed. 









X 


1098 


XANTHO- 



X (X). I. A symbol expressing linear magnifica¬ 
tion, as XiS, magnified to 15 times the diameter 
or 225 times the area. 2. A homoeopathic sym¬ 
bol expressing dilution in powers of 10, as 2X, 
diluted 100 times; or 7X, diluted 10'^ times. 
Xsray'. Rontgen ray. 

xan^ol. Sodiocaffeine salicylate; a soluble vaso¬ 
motor cardiac tonic and diuretic, 
xan-thaem'a-tin. A yellow, bitter substance ob¬ 
tained by dissolving haematin in weak nitric acid, 
xan^tha-line. An alkaloid of opium, 
xanth-am'ide. A white, crystalline substance, 
C3H7NSO, derived Trom xanthic acid; ethylic 
oxysulphocarbamate. 
xan'thate. A salt of xanthic acid, 
xan'the in. The soluble yellow pigment of flowers, 
xan-the-las'ma. = Xanthoma. [< yellow-f 

eTiacfia plate.] 

xan*the-las-moi'de a. Pigmented stains, resembling 
those of xanthoma, left by some skin disease, as 

URTICARIA PIGMENTOSA. 

xan'thene. A product, CgH4<^ q from 

xanthone, def. 2. 

xan'thic. i. Belonging to a yellow color; yellow¬ 
ish. 2. Relating to or containing xanthine. X. 
acid, a colorless, oily liquid, CgHgOSj, obtained 
by decomposing potassium xanthate with sul¬ 
phuric acid; xanthogenic acid; ethyldisulphocar- 
bonic acid. X. calculus, a urinary calculus of 
xanthic oxide. X. oxide = xanthine, def. i. 
xan'thine. i. A white, amorphous leucomaine, 
C5H4N4O2, found in small quantities in the blood, 
urine, most tissues, and some calculi. It acts as 
a stimulant to muscular tissue, especially of the 
heart. X. bodies or bases, i®-purin. 2. The 
coloring matter of madder and that part of the 
yellow coloring matter of flowers which is in¬ 
soluble in water. [ < ^avddq yellow.] 
xan'thi-nin. A white, crystalline substance, C4H3- 
N3O2, formed by heating ammonium thionurate. 
xan-thi-nu'ri a, xan-thi-u'ri a. == Xanthuria. 
Xan'thium canaden^se. A plant of the order Com¬ 
pos'itcB, common in the United States; clotsbur; 
burs weed: once used for cutaneous diseases, 
xantho- (zan'tho-). Denoting yellow: a combining 
form. [ < ^avddg yellow.] xan-tho-ceph'a-lus, a 
term applied to a mushroom with a yellow capit- 
ulum; also as a specific name to animals having 
a yellow head.— xan-tho-chroi'a, yellowish dis¬ 
coloration of the skin caused by changes in the 
pigmentary layer, Xanthopathy. — xan-tho- 

chro'mi a, yellow discoloration, as of the skin.— 
xan-thoch'ro-ous, yellowsskinned.— Xanthoch'y- 
mus picto'rius, an East Indian plant, yielding a 
purgative extract resembling gamboge.— xan- 
tho-cre'a-tine, xan*tho-cre-at'i-nine, a yellow, 
crystalline leucomaine, C5HjgN40, occurring in 
musclestissue and resembling creatin: in suffi¬ 
cient dose it produces vomiting, great general 
depression, diarrhoea, etc.— xandho-cy-a-no'pi a, 
-cy-a-nop'si a, -cy-an'o-py, colorsblindness for all 
colors but yellow and blue; redsgreen blindness.— 
xan-tho-cys'tin, a compound found in tubercles 
on the mucous membrane and organs of a corpse. 
— xan'tho-cyte, a cell which secretes yellow pig¬ 


ment.— xan-tho-der'ma, xan-tho-der'mi d, yellow 
coloration of the skin. ^Xanthopathy; xan- 
THocHRoiA. — xan'tho-don, xan-tho-don'tous, 
having yellow teeth. — xan'those-ryth-ro-der'- 
mi a, a rare skin disease, characterized by a pale 
pink or yellowish macular eruption, and appear¬ 
ing in crops with little tendency to heal.— xan'- 
tho-gen, a variety of the coloring matter of vege¬ 
tables, producing a yellow color with alkalies. 

— xan-tho-gen'ic acid = xanthic acid. — xan- 
tho-glob'u-lin = hypoxanthine. — xan-tho-kre- 
at'i-nine = xanthocreatinine. — xan‘tho-ky- 
an'o-py = XANTHOCYANOPY.— xan-tho'ma, a pe¬ 
culiar kind of yellow growth originally observed 
in the integument, but subsequently in the are- 
olosfibrous tissues elsewhere; xanthelasma. It 
presents itself either in the form of isolated 
nodules, X. tubero'sum, or as smooth plates or 
laminae of moderate dimensions, X. pla'num. 
Xanthoma is essentially chronic, but otherwise 
harmless, and is chiefly objectionable from its 
appearance. X. diabetico'rum or glycosu'ricum, 
a variety of xanthoma associated with diabetes 
mellitus, appearing on the scalp and face and at¬ 
tended by itching. X. multiplex, a variety in 
which the lesions spread over the body and may 
even extend to the mucous surfaces. X. palpe- 
bra'rum, xanthoma affecting the skin of the eye¬ 
lids. t*^Ji"thom'a-tous. — xan'tho-ma-to'sis = 
XANTHOMA MULTIPLEX. — xan-tho-mel'a-nous, 
having a yellow skin and black hair. Dl. ’09.] 

— xan'thone. i. = Brometone. 2. A white 
crystalline substance, CO (05114)20, obtained from 
several yellow compounds.— xan-thop'a-thy, yel¬ 
low discoloration of the skin due to changes in the 
pigmentary layer.— xan'tho-phane, a yellow color¬ 
ing matter found in the retina.— xan'tho-phose, 
any phose of a yellow or yellowish color.— xan'- 
tho-phyll, the yellow coloring matter of plants 
developed in the leaves in autumn: probably a 
decomposition product of chlorophyll. — xan- 
tho'pi a = XANTHOPSIA. — xan-tho-pic'rin, a yel¬ 
low pigment from the bark of Xanthox'ylum 
caribcB'um. — xan-tho-pic'rite, a bitter acrid resin 
from various species of Xanthox'ylum. — xan'tho- 
plas-ty = XANTHODERMA. — xan-thop'o-crit = 
BERBERiNE. — xan-tho-pro'te in, the yellow mat¬ 
ter produced by treating proteid substances with 
hot nitric acid, fxan-tho-pro'te ic, as X. acid, an 
orange ^colored substance, C34H26N4OJ4, formed by 
the oxidation of proteid matters, such as fibrin, 
albumin, etc.: and X. reaction, a test for proteids, 
made by treating with nitric acid and then add¬ 
ing ammonia, when an orange color will form.— 
xan-thop'si a, yellow vision, a disordered state 
of the vision in which objects seem to have a 
yellow tinge.— xan-thop'sin, visual yellow; visual 
purple partially bleached by the action of light. 

— xan-thop'sis, the appearance of yellow pig¬ 
mentation, as in cancers.— xan-tho-psy-dra'ci a, 
a condition in which yellow pustules appear on 
the skin.— xan-tho-puc'cine, an alkaloid from 
Hydras'tis canaden'sis. — xan-tho-pur'pu-rin, a 
yellow pigment from Ru'bia tincto'rum. — xan- 
tho-rham'nin, the coloring matter, C48Hgg02Q, of 


XANTHOXYLUM 


1099 


XIMENIA 


Rham'nus injecto'ria and R. tincto'ria. — xan-thor- 
rhi'za, “ yellow*root”: a name forthe bitter, tonic 
root of Xauthorrhi'za (or Zanthorrhi'za) apiijo'lia, 
order Ranuncula'cece, a native of the Middle and 
Southern United States.— Xanthorrhce'a, a genus 
of plants of the order Lilia'ce(S, comprising sev¬ 
eral species, natives of Australia, furnishing a yel¬ 
low and a red fragrant resin. They are called 
black boy or grass gum trees.— xan-tho'sis, a col¬ 
oring matter or yellow pigment found in cancer, 
in irregular spots of small extent, presenting 
sometimes a saffron, at other times an orange, 
tint. X. of the septum nasi, a yellow color of the 
nasal mucosa from degeneration of the blood after 
hemorrhage.— xan'thous, yellow or yellowish. 
Xanthox'ylum*, Xanthox'ylon, Zanthox'ylum. i. A 
genus of rutaceous shrubs or trees, comprising 
numerous species, natives of China, Japan, India, 
the United States, and tropical 
America. 2. The U.S.P. name 
for the bark of Xanthox'ylum 
america'num (Northern prickly 
ash) and Faga'ra cla'vafher'- 
culis (Southern prickly ash). It 
is a stimulant, somewhat re¬ 
sembling guaiac and mezereon 
in its operation, and, like them, 
is frequently used as a remedy 
in rheumatic affections. Dose, 

2 Gm. (30 grs.). c^Fluidex- 

TRACTUM XANTHOXYLI*. X. 

america'num, the prickly ash 
or toothache tree, a native of 
the Northern and Middle 
United States. It is a prickly 
shrub, the bark, leaves, and 
pods of which are pungent and 
aromatic. X. caribae'um, a 
shrub, a native of the West Indies. It is reputed to 
be febrifugal. X. carolinia'num, a small tree, a na- 
^tive of the Carolinas, Georgia, etc. Its bark is stim¬ 
ulant. X. cla'vasher'culis, a tree, a native of the 
West Indies. It is a powerful stimulant and siala- 
gogue. X. nit'idum, a shrub or small tree, a native 
of China. It is reputed to be febrifugal. The fruits 
of Xanthox'ylum piperi'turn, a native of Japan, 
have an aromatic, pungent taste, and are called 
Japan pepper. [< ^avdog yellowwood.] 
txan-tho-stru'ma-rin, a glucoside, and xan-thox'- 
y-lene, a colorless, oily substance, CjoHjg, are found 
in various species, xan-thox'y-line, the active 
principle of xanthoxylum. It is neutral and crys- 
tallizable, and is supposed to be identical with ber- 
berine. It is reputed to be a useful stomachic 
tonic in atonic dyspepsia. 

xan'thu-ret. A combination of xanthogen with a 
metal. 

xan-thu'ri a. The presence of an excessive or abnor¬ 
mal amount of xanthine in the urine so that it is 
deposited as crystals. 

xan-thyl'ic. Relatipg to xanthine. X. acid, one of 
the nucleic acids. [ 1 [ Dl. ’06.] 

xen-em'bo-le, xen-en'the-sis. The act of introduc¬ 
ing foreign substances into the system. [ < ^hog 
foreign -f kfifiolr] hurling -f evdeaig putting in.] 

xe'ni a. The influence of pollen from one variety of 
a species on the seed of another, by which not 
only the following generation, but the fruit, seed, 
etc., of the present one are affected. 

xe'nyl. The radical CgH5-C6H4-. 

xen'o-. Strange; foreign: a combining form. [< 
fcvof stranger.] xen-og'a-my, fecundation of the 


ovules of a flower by pollen from some other plant 
of the same species; crosssfertilization. It is per¬ 
formed by the agency of insects and wind.— xen- 
o-gen'e-sis, heterogenesis; alternation of genera¬ 
tion. fxen’o-ge-net'ic, xen-o-gen'ic. — xe-nog'e- 
nous, derived from a source without the body; 
caused by a foreign body.— xen-o-glos'si a, auto¬ 
matic writing in a foreign tongue.— xen-o-me'- 
ni a, vicarious menstruation.— xen'on, a gaseous 
element found in the air: at. wt., 0.127; symb., 
Xe.— xe-no-pho'ni a, a defect of speech in which 
the voice assumes a foreign accent. Lt. ’08.] 

— xen-oph-thal'mi a, conjunctivitis caused by the 
presence of foreign matter in the eye. 

xe-ran'sis. The process of drying up; also dryness, 
especially dryness of the skin. [< ^ijpavaig fr. 
^TipaivELv to dry up.] fxe-ran'tic, having the 
power of drying. 

xe-raph'ium. i. A desiccative powder for putting 
on a wound. 2. A medicine to be taken dry. 
[< ^r]pd(piov desiccative.] 

xe-ra'si a. A disease of the hair, in which it ceases to 
grow, and becomes dry. [ < $?jpaa'ia fr. dry.] 

xe'ri um. A desiccative powder. 

xero- (zi'ro-). Denoting dryness: a combining form. 
[< ^rjpdg dry.] xe'ro-clys-ter, a dry suppository. 

— xeTo-col-lyr'i um, a dry eye=>salve. ^ Col- 
LYRiUM.— xe-ro-der'ma, xe-ro-der'mi a, a dry¬ 
ness and harshness of the skin, the consequence 
of diminished function of the sebiparous glands; 
ichthyosis; leiodermia. X. ichthyoi'des, ich¬ 
thyosis. X. of Kaposi, idiopathic diffuse atro¬ 
phy of the skin. X. pigmento'sum, a disease 
marked by the development on the skin of small 
brown spots along with glossy, scarslike depres¬ 
sions; atrophoderma pigmentosum; progressive 
lenticular melanosis; Kaposi’s disease. The skin 
afterward becomes dry, cracked, and ulcerated. 

— xe'ro-form, a nonstoxic substitute for iodo¬ 
form, consisting of 57 to 61% of bismuth oxide 
and of tribromphenol; bismuth tribromphenolate; 
bismuth tribromcarbolate; tribromphenoDbis- 
muth: used externally like iodoform; internally 
in various gastrosintestinal inflammations. In¬ 
ternal dose, 0.5 to I Gm. (8 to 15 gr.).— xe-ro'ma 
= XEROPHTHALMIA.— xe-ro-mc'ni-a, metastatic 
menstruation.— xe'ro-myc-te'ri a, abnormal dry¬ 
ness of the nasal passages.— xe-rom'y-rum, a dry 
ointment. — xe-ron'ic acid, diethylmaleic acid, 
CgHj204.— xe-ron'o-sus, a morbid dryness of the 
skin.— xe-ro-pha'gi a, xe-roph'a-gy, the eating of 
dry food. — xe-roph-thal'mi a, a dry, lustreless 
condition of the eye, due to degeneration of the 
cornea or conjunctiva, which prevents the eye¬ 
ball from being wetted with the tears; xeroma.— 
Xerophyl'lum asphodeloi'des, a liliaceous plant of 
the United States growing in pine*barrens or 
sandy plains.— xe'ro-phyte, a plant indigenous in 
dry, arid regions.— xe-ro-plas'ta, diseases marked 
by defective secretion.— xe-ro'sis, xe-ro'tes, dry¬ 
ness, especially of the skin (xeroderma) or of 
the conjunctiva (xerophthalmia). It may be 
parenchymatous or superficial. X. bacillus = 
Bacillus xerosis, f^c-rot'ic.— xe-ro-sto'mi a, 
dryness of the mouth, due to a deficiency of 
salival secretion, especially common in older 
women.— xe'ro-tes, a dry habit of body.— 
xe-ro-trib'i a, xe-ro-trip'sis, dry rubbing. 

Xime'nia. A genus of shrubs or small trees of the 
order Olaca'cece, comprising several species, natives 
of tropical regions. X. america'na bears fragrant 
flowers and edible fruits 



Xanthoxylum. 


X=ING 


1100 


XYSTOS 


x'sing. = Rontgenography. 

xi^nol. An antigonorrhoeic solution consisting of i 
part of zinc acetate and 4 parts of alumnol; zinol. 
xiph-i-ster'num. = Xiphoid cartilage, fxiph- 
i-ster'nal. 

xiph'o-. Swordsshaped; ensiform; especially, rela¬ 
ting to the xiphoid cartilage: a combining form. 
[< sword.] xiph-o-cos'tal, relating to the 

xiphoid cartilage and the ribs, as X. ligament, a 
ligament extending from the xiphoid cartilage 
to the cartilage of the seventh rib.— xiph-o-did'- 
y-mus, xi-phod'y-mus = xiphopagus.— xiph-o- 
dyn'i a, a neuralgic condition of the ensiform 
cartilage, analogous to coccygodynia: curable by 
excision of the part.— xiph'oid, resembling a 
sword; ensiform, as X. angle, the angle formed by 
the sides of the xiphoid notch; X. artery, a branch 
of the superior epigastric artery crossing in front 
of the ensiform cartilage and anastomosing with 
the artery of the opposite side: X. cartilage, a 
cartilaginous epiphysis forming the termination 
of the inferior extremity of the sternum; the 
metasternum; the ensiform cartilage; processus 
xiphoideus*: X. foramen, an opening in the 
ft metastemum frequently present, transmitting 
branches of the internal mammary arteries: X. 
ligament = xiPHOCOSTAi. ligament: and X. proc¬ 
ess = XIPHOID CARTILAGE, f^i-phoi'di an.— xi- 

phop'a-gus, a double monstrosity joined from the 
umbilicus to the xiphoid cartilage, either closely, 
or by an isthmus band, as in the Siamese twins. 
^Thoracopagus, fxi-phop'a-gism. 
x'so-graph. = Rontgenogram. 
xsknee, xsleg. Knocksknee. 

X'sray. cs- Rontgen rays. Xsray burn or derma¬ 
titis = Rontgen RAY BURN or DERMATITIS. Xs 
ray photography = rontgenography. 
Xssubstance. A hypothetical substance in the cir¬ 
culating bodysfluids, necessary for the growth of 
certain tissues, as tumors, 
xyl-am'ide. A white, crystalline substance, CgHjj- 
NO, derived from xylic acid, 
xy'lan. A pentose yielding a gummy substance, 
xy'late. A salt of xylic acid. 

xy'lem. The woody portion of the vascular bundle 
of a vegetable stem, 
xy'lene. = Xylol. [< wood.] 

xy-le'nin, xyle-no-ba-cil'lin. A toxin extracted 
from tubercle bacilli by means of xylol; zylenin. 
xy'le-nol. Any one of three isomeric crystalline 
substances having the formula CgHgOH. 
xy-let'ic acid. A white, crystalline substance, 
CqHiqOj, obtained by treating xylenol with sodi¬ 
um and carbon dioxide ; oxydimethylbenzoic 
acid. 

xy-lid'ic or xyl'ic acid. A white, amorphous sub¬ 
stance, CgHgO^; toluenedicarboxylic acid, 
xyl'i-dine Any one of six isomeric compounds 
having the formula CgHgfCHgjgNHg and derived 
from dimethylaniline. They furnish dye-stuffs. 
X. test = Schiff’s test, def. i. 
xylo- (zai'lo-). Relating to or derived from wood; 
a combining form. [< wood.] xy-lo-bal'- 

sam, xy-lo-bal'sa-mum, the wood of the balm-of- 
Gilead tree. A decoction of it is used medici¬ 
nally.— Xylocar'pus, a genus of Asiatic Melia'cece: 
said to yield a stomachic.— xy-lo-cas'si a, the 
wood of the cassia-tree.— xy-lo-chlo'ral, an hyp¬ 
notic derived from xylose and alcohol. Dose, 
0.2 to 0.5 Gm. (3 to 8 grs.).— xy*lo-cin-na-mo'- 
mum,the wood of the cinnamon-tree.— xy'lo-gen 
= LIGNIN. — xy-log'ra-phy, the art of engraving 


on wood.— xy'loid, resembling wood.— xy-loi'din, 
a substance produced by the action of nitric 
acid upon starch: so named because it partakes 
slightly of the properties of wood.— xy'lol, a hy¬ 
drocarbon, CgHjg, obtained from wood-spirit and 
coal-tar; dimethyl benzene; xylene I used in 
smallpox as a mouth-wash, and in microscopical 
work as a clarifying agent. The commercial 
compound is composed chiefly of Metaxylene, 

CH 

CH CH 

II I 

CCH3CCH3 

CH, with smaller amounts 

of orthoxylene, 

CH 

CH CCH3 

II I 

CH CCH3 

CH, and paraxvlene, 

CCH, 

CH CH 

II I 

CH CH 
CH. 

O- and m-xylene are liquid at ordinary temper¬ 
atures; />-xylene occurs in monoclinic prisms. 
X. balsam, Canada balsam dissolved in xylol after 
all the volatile oil has been driven off by heating: 
used as a mounting medium in microscopy on ac¬ 
count of hardening quickly from the rapid evap¬ 
oration of the xylol.— xy-lo'ma, a woody tree- 
or plant-tumor.— xy'lo-nite, an artificial ivory 
composed of compressed collodion cotton mixed 
with camphor and zinc oxide.— Xylo'pia, a genus 
of anonaceous trees or shrubs of Brazil, the West 
Indies, etc., having a bitter wood and aromatic 
frui];s and seeds. X. aromat'ica, a South Ameri¬ 
can tree or shrub, bearing aromatic fruits which 
are used as a condiment. X. grandiflo'ra, a tree 
or shrub of Brazil, bearing carminative and feb¬ 
rifugal fruits. X. seri'cea, a native of Brazil, pro¬ 
duces aromatic berries like pepper.— xy'lose, a 
laevorotatory sugar (pentose), CgHj^Og, obtained 
by boiling beech wood and jute with dilute acids: 
colorless, orthorhombic crystals very soluble in 
alcohol and in ether. i®-Orcin. — xy-los'tein, a 
bitter compound obtained from the berries of 
Lonice'ra xylos'teum. — xy-lo-styp'tic ether = col- 
LODiUM STYPTicuM*. — xy-lo-ther'a-py, medical 
treatment by the topical use of certain woods, 
-xylon, -xylum. A prefix meaning wood, as in 
H^matoxylon* and Xanthoxylum*. 
xyly-lenesdi-am'ine. One of several compounds, 
CeH2(CH3)2(NH2)2, used in making dye-colors, 
xy'ol. A proprietary disinfectant. Reichs^Med.* 
Anz. ’06.] ^ 

xy'phoid. = Xiphoid. 

xy'sis. I. Lint. 2. The act of scraping. [< 
to scrape.] 

xys'ma, pi. xys'mata. Bits of membrane-like mat¬ 
ter seen in the stools of certain varieties of diar¬ 
rhoea. [ < ^vGfia 'scrapings.] 
xys'ter. A surgical instrument for scraping, espe¬ 
cially for scraping bones. [ < ^vorijp scraper.] 
xys'tos, zys'tus. Scraped lint. [< fpdrcif scraped.] 


Y 


noi 


YELLOW 



Y. The chemical symbol for yttrium. 

Y.S. Abbr. for yellow spot of the retina. 

Ysangle. The angle between the radius fixus and 
a line joining the lambda and the inion. 
Yscartilage. The Ysshaped cartilage uniting the 
ilium, the ischium, and the pubis within the 
acetabulum before puberty: it may remain un¬ 
united and form a cotyloid bone. 

Ysligament or Ysshaped ligament. = Iliofemoral 
ligament. 

ya'ba. The macallo*bark of Yucatan, 
yab'ine. An amorphous alkaloid from the bark of 
Andi'ra excel'sa. 

yasmasmai'. The oak*tree silkworm of Japan, Bom'- 
byx per'nyi: it yields a very firm and handsome 
silk. 

yam. The esculent root or tuber of several species 
of Diosco'rea, a plant of the East and West Indies 
and there forming an important article of food. 
D. aculea'ta, D. ala'ta, and D. sati'va, natives of 
India, Annam, Java, etc., are cultivated in various 
parts of tropical Asia and in the West Indies, 
ya-ourt'. = Matzoon. [Turk.] 
yard. i. A length of three feet. 2. The penis. 
Y.ssitting, sitting with the arms stretched out 
horizontally from the sides, a position assumed 
in receiving massage. 

yams of Holmgren. ^ Holmgren’s test. 
yar'row. = Achillea millefolium. 

Ya'va skin. A name given to elephantiasis arabum, 
from its being supposed to originate from drink¬ 
ing the beverage called kava (yava). Ele¬ 
phantiasis. 

yaw. A framboesial sore. Mothersyaw. 
yaw'ning. A deep involuntary inspiration with the 
mouth open, often accompanied by a stretching 
of the limbs and body, occurring in sleepy per¬ 
sons, especially when fatigued and hungry. ^ 
Pandiculation. 

yaws. =Frambce&ia. Guineascorn y., framboesia 
in which the lesions resemble a grain of maize. 
Ringworm y., framboesia in which the lesions are 
circular. tyaw’ey, relating to or affected with 
yaws. 

Yb. The chemical symbol for ytterbium. 
yeast. Any one of various species of Saccharo- 
MYCES, especially the ferment which causes alco¬ 
holic fermentation in wine and beer. i^Fer- 
mentum. Beer or Brewers’ y. Brewers’ 
YEAST. y.5fungi = Saccharomyces. y.5plant = 
Torula cerevisi^. Y. poultice, a gently stim¬ 
ulant poultice made of brewers’ yeast, wheaten 
flour, and warm water. It is applied to foul 
ulcers. Y. therapy, treatment of disease, as 
diabetes, furunculosis, gonorrhoea, by various 
yeasts, possibly due to the leucocytosis induced 
by the nucleinic acid of the yeast, 
yelk. =Yolk. 

yel'low. I. One of the primary colors, occurring 
nearly pure in gamboge. 2. Having a yellow 
color. i^Xantho-. 3. A yellow coloring matter, 
y. atrophy of the liver, atrophy. Y. body, a 
corpus luteum. Y. marrow. Y. 

cartilage = ELASTIC cartilage. Y. cerate = ce- 
RATUM FLAVUM. Y. Cinchona = CINCHONA FLAVA. 


Y. diachylon plaster, galbanum plaster. Y. disease, 
malarial fever of the hemorrhagic type. Y. dock 
= RUMEX. Y. elastic tissue = ELASTIC TISSUE. Y. 
fever [F. fikvre jaune (fi-evr' zh6n), Ger. gelbes 
Fieber (gH'bes fi'ber)], a dangerous infectious fever 
of tropical and subtropical countries, due to speci¬ 
fic organism, not yet determined, but possibly a 
trypanosome, and transmitted by the bite of the 
mosquito, Stegomyia calopus (fascfa'ta) : orig¬ 
inally developed in tropical America, whence it is 
sometimes called the American plague (pes'tis 
america'na). The method of transmission by 
means of the mosquito was definitely established 
by the United States Yellow Fever Commission, 
composed of Doctors Walter Reed, James Carroll, 
Lazear, and Agramonte, in 1898 (?). Major Gor- 
gas holds that, in nature, yellow fever is trans¬ 
mitted from one human being to another only by 
the bite of a female stegomyia mosquito, which 
has previously bitten another human being suffer¬ 
ing from yellow fever. The disease begins, after 
an incubation of usually three to four days, 
with chills, headache, and pains in the back and 
limbs, a temperature of from 100° to 106°, and 
a pulse of from 100 to no. Later there may be 
noted as a special diagnostic feature, slowing 
of the pulse with a steady or even rising temper¬ 
ature. Nausea and vomiting often take place, 
the face is highly flushed, the eyes are injected, 
an icteroid tint occurs in the face and conjunc- 
tivae, and the bowels are constipated. As early 
as the third day the characteristic symptom of 
albuminuria may take place, sometimes resulting 
in complete suppression of the urine and death 
from uraemic convulsions or coma within 24 to 30 
hours. Gastric symptoms are prominent and in the 
third stage vomiting becomes more pronounced 
and in severe cases is marked by the presence of 
blood, forming the so-called black vomit. Other 
hemorrhagic features, such as petechiae on the 
skin and bleeding from the gums and mucous 
membranes, may also be present. In its severer 
forms yellow fever is one of the most fatal of 
diseases, the mortality having ranged in varic 
epidemics as high as 85%, the prognosis be: g 
especially bad in cases where there are suppies- 
sion of urine, coma, delirium, and convulsic s. 
There is often confusion with dengue and, in “ 
early stages, with malaria in the diagnosis of t lis 
disease. Y.sfever mosquito = Stegomyia ca )- 
PUS. 7 . A. M. A. j. ’07.] Y. hepatization, ir 
hepatization. Y. iodide of mercury = hydr 
GYRI lODIDUM FLAVUM*. Y. Jack, a pOpi .. 
name for yellow fever. Y. Jessamine = Geise 
M iUM*. Y. ligament = elastic ligament. Y. 
ligaments = LiGAMENTA subflava. Y. lotior A 
wash = LOTio FLAVA. Y. marrow, ^marr. #. 
Y. mercuric oxide = hydrargyri oxidum i-jl- 
VUM*. Y. mercurous iodide = hydrargyri iod- 
IDUM FLAVUM*. Y. pine = PINUS AUSTRALIS. 
precipitate = HYDRARGYRI oxidum flavum*. Y. 
pyoktanin, t^PYOKTANiN. Y. resin = res. a 
FLAVA. Y. root = HYDRASTIS*. Y. sandalswood, cr 
SANDAL*wooD. Y. scborrhoea, seborrhoea atten;ied 
by the formation of yellow crusts. Y, soften’og, 






YELLOWS 


1102 


a variety of softening of the brain having a yel¬ 
low color due to degeneration of a patch of red 
softening; pyriform softening. Y. spot = macula 
FLAVA*. Y. spot of Soemmering = MACULA lu- 
TEA*. Y. sputum, sputum of a yellow color due 
to the presence of fungi or to oxidation of haemo¬ 
globin contained in it. Y. tubercle, a large yel¬ 
low mass of caseous material, being a degener¬ 
ated form of miliary tubercle; crude tubercle. 
Y. vision = XANTHOPSIA. Y. wash, a wash or lo¬ 
tion consisting of thirty grains of corrosive sub¬ 
limate dissolved in one pint of lime water. Y. 
wax = CERA FLAVA*. Y. WOOd = FUSTIC, 
yel'lows. ==Jaundice. 

Yem'en ulcer, Oriental sore. 

Yeo’s method. An obesityscure in which farina¬ 
ceous food is restricted, sugar prohibited, and the 
use of large quantities of hot or warm drinks 
prescribed. 

yerba buena (y^r'ba bwe'na). =Micromeria. Y. 
man'sa = Houttuynia californica. Y. reu'ma 
= Frankenia grandifolia. Y. san'ta = ERio- 

DICTYON.* [Sp.] 

yer'ba-zin. A syrup=like preparation of yerba santa. 
yer'bine. A kind of caffeine from I'lex paraguay- 
en'sis. 

yer'li. Turkish opium of fine quality. 

Yer' sin’s serum. A curative (20 Cc.) and prophy¬ 
lactic (10 Cc.) serum obtained from horses inocu¬ 
lated with virulent cultures of the plague bacillus. 
i^Haffkine’s prophylactic fluid. 
yest. = Yeast. 
yeuk. =Youk. 

yew. The popular name of Taxus. The yew at¬ 
tains a great age, thirty centuries being assigned 
by Humboldt for the growth of the T ax'us bac- 
ca'ta of Braburn, in Kent. 

-yl. A chemical suffix denoting a radical corre¬ 
sponding to a hydrocarbon or similar compound 
but with one less hydrogen atom than the com¬ 
pound itself: thus propyl and phenyl correspond to 
propane and phenol respectively. [ < vTir] matter.] 
ylangsylang oil (lang'lang). A volatile oil from the 
flowers of Canan'ga odora'ta, a tree of Southern 
Asia, used as a perfume; Cananga oil. 

-ylene. A chemical suffix denoting a bivalent 
hydrocarbon radical, obtained by removing one 
hydrogen atom from a compound in -yl. 
yohimbehe (yo-htm-be'h^'). An African tropical 
plant, the bark of which (yo-him'be bark) con¬ 
tains the alkaloid yo-him'bin, C22H2„N203: used 
as a tonic and aphrodisiac and as an anaesthetic 
on mucous membranes in a i to 2% solution. 
Dose, 0.005 to 0.007 Grn- (tV to gr.). 
yo-hourd', or yog-hurt'. A milk preparation fer¬ 
mented with the Bulgarian or B bacillus; Metch- 
nikoff milk: it has an antisputrid action in the 
intestines. 

yoke'sbone. The malar bone, 
yoked. = Conjugate. 

yolk, yelk. i. The nutritive portion of an ovum, 
serving for the nutrition of the germinal 
portion. 2. The yellow mass of a bird’s egg. 
VlTELLUS. Y.scavity = SUBGERMINAL CAVITY. 
Y.scells or sgranules, the morphological elements 
composing the yolk. Y.scleavage, segmentation 
of the vitellus. Y.sfood, the nutritive part of 
the yolk of an ovum; deuteroplasm. Y.s 
nucleus = Balbiani’s nucleus. Y.ssac = 

UMBILICAL VESICLE. Y.SSkin = VITELLINE MEM¬ 
BRANE. Y.sspace, the space formed in the 
ovum by the shrinking of tlic vitellus from 


YZQUIERDO’S BACILLUS 


the zona pellucida. Y.sstalk = umbilical duct. 
yolochiahitl (y 6 - 16 ‘tshi-a-hit'l). The Mexican name 
for the plant Psoralea glandulosa. 
youk (yuc). A popular Scotch term for scabies: 

also called, in some districts, Yuck. 
young fustic, Fustic. 

YoungsHelmholtz theory (yung-hdm'h 61 ts). That 
theory in explanation of colorssensation which 
postulates that there are in the retina three 
different kinds of perceptive elements, correspond¬ 
ing to the three primary colors (red, green, and 
violet), and that each of these elements is stimu¬ 
lated by rays of one of these colors, other color 
sensations being produced by a combined stim¬ 
ulation of two or three different elements, and 
non*primary monochromatic colors exciting more 
than one of the perceptive elements. [< Thomas 
YoMMg, English physician, 1773-1829; and H. L. F. 
Helmholtz, German physician, 1821-1894.] 
Young’s rule. A rule for determining the propor¬ 
tion of an adult dose to give to a young child, 
consisting in adding 12 to the age and dividing 
by the age, which will give the denominator of 
a fraction whose numerator is i. Thus, for a 

3 -|- 12 

child three years old, -= 5, so that the dose 

3 


for the child is onesfifth of the adult dose. ^ 
Cowling’s rule. 

youth. = Adolescence. [A contraction of youwg//j, 
the “quality or state of being young.’’] 
youth'wort. = Drosera rotundifolia. 
y-pa'da. =Coca*. 


yp-sil'i-forih. Y=shaped, as of monstrosities. 

Yt. Abbr. for yttrium. 

yt-ter'bi um. A rare chemical element : at. wt., 

171.7; symb., Yb. Elements, table of. 

yt'tria. One of the primitive earths. [Ytterby, in 
Sweden.] 

yt'trium. The metallic base of yttria: so named 
because it was discovered at Ytterby, in Sweden. 
It is of a dark=gray color, very rare, and does 
not occur in a free or metallic state : at. wt., 
88.3; symb., Y. fyt'tric. yt-trif'e-rous. 

Yuc'ca. A genus of plants 
of the order Lilia'cece, 
comprising many species, 
natives of Mexico, the 
United States, etc. Their 
rootsstocks are replete 
with mucilage and sapon¬ 
aceous matter. Y. fila- 
mento'sa, Adam’s needle, 
a native of the Southern 
United States, bearing 
white or creamscolored 
flowers. 

yuck. =Youk. 

yu'lan. A name of Magno'- 

lia cons pic'ua, a small tree, a native of China. 
Its seeds are used as stomachic, and its flowers 
to perfume tea^leaves. 

Yvon’s test (I'vonz). i. A test for acetanilide in 
the urine, made by extracting with chloroform 
and heating the residue with mercurous nitrate, 
when a green color will form. 2. A test for 
alkaloids, made by adding a solution consisting 
of 3 Gm. of bismuth subnitrate boiled in 40 Cc. 
of water, to which are added 14 Gm. of potassium 
iodide and 40 drops of hydrochloric acid, when 
a red color will form. 

Yzquierdo’s bacillus (tz-ci-er'd6z). A bacillus sup¬ 
posed to be the cause of verrugas peruana. 




z 


1103 


2ERUMBET 



Z. Abbr. for Get. Zuchung contraction. 

Z.Z. Abbr. anciently for “myrrh” ; now for “ zingi¬ 
ber” or ginger. 

Z.Z/Z/' Abbrs. for increasing degrees of contrac¬ 
tion. 

za-ca-til'la. The choicest quality of cochineal, made 
by killing the insect on a hot iron plate. 

Za-les'ki’s hepatin. =Schmiedeberg’s ferratin. 

za'mi a. A cycadaceous West Indian plant, which 
yields a sort of arrowsroot. 

zan-al'oin. =Socaloin. 

zan'der apparatus. An apparatus for medicome- 
chanical treatment, Z. treatment. 

Zang’s space. The interval in the supraclavicular 
fossa between the two tendons of origin of the 
sternomastoid muscle, 

Zano'nia indica. A climbing plant of the order Cu- 
curbita'cecB, a native of India. Its leaves are used 
in baths to relieve nervous affections. 

zan'thic oxide. =Xanthic oxide. 

zan^thin. = Xanthine. 

Zanthorrhi'za. = Xanthorrhiza. 

Zanthox'ylum. = Xanthoxylum*. 

Zan'zi-bar aloes. =Aloe socotrina. 

za-pon' lac. A solution of pyroxylin in amyl alco¬ 
hol and amyl acetate. 

Zap'pert’s counting chamber. A modification of the 
Thoma counting cell, differing from it in having 
the central square millimetre surrounded by 8 un¬ 
divided squares. 



Zappert’s Ruled Slide for Blood-Counting. (X21.) 


zarr. A form of hysteria seen in religious mania, 
za-ran'than. Hardening of the breast. 

Ze'a*. I. A genus of graminaceous plants, compris¬ 
ing several species, natives of South America. 2. 
The U. S. P. name for corn silk (stigma maydis), 
the fresh styles and stigmas of Ze'a ma'ys: used as 
an antilithic, anticatarrhal, and diuretic, ts- Flu- 
iDEXTRACTUM z^JE. Z. ma'ys, the systematic 
name of the American maize or Indian corn. 


ze'an. A concentrated extract of corn silk: used as 
a diuretic and urinary antiseptic, 
zed'o-a-ry. The roots or tubers of Kaempfe'ria ro~ 
tun'da or Cucur'ma aromat'ica, resembling ginger: 
rarely used in medicine. Dose, i Gm. (15 grs,). 
ze'in. A protein occurring in food of animal and 
vegetable origin, as in maize. 

Zeisel’s test (tsais'dz), A test for colchicine, made 
by dissolving in hydrochloric acid, boiling with 
ferric chloride, and shaking with chloroform, 
when a darksred or brown layer will form at the 
bottom. 

ze'ism, ze-is'mus. A skin disease believed to be 
due to continued maize diet. fze'ist, one who 
believes in the maize theory of pellagra. 

Zeiss’s (Zeissian) glands (tsais'tz, zais'i-an). Se¬ 
baceous follicles opening on the free edges of the 
eyelids in conjunction with the eyelashes. Z. 
sty, an inflamed Zeissian gland, Hordeolum. 
Zel'ler’s test. A test for melanin in urine, made by 
adding bromine water, when a yellow precipitate 
will form, which changes to black. 

Zell'ner’s paper. = Fluoresceine paper, 
zel-o-typ'i a. i. Morbid zeal for any cause, espe¬ 
cially religion. [ < zeal + tvttteiv to strike,] 

2. Morbid or insane jealousy. [K ^TjAoTVTr'ia 
ousy.] 

zem'a-tol. A proprietary ointment composed of 
ichthyol, oil of betula, and oxide of zinc. Dl. 
’06.] 

zem'a-tone. A proprietary antiasthmatic powder, 
ze'nith. The point in the heavens directly over¬ 
head, and opposed to the nadir, 
zenk'er-ism. Zenker’s degeneration. 

Zenk'er’s crystals. = CharcotsNeumann crys¬ 
tals. Z.’s degeneration or disease, degeneration 
of muscular fibre into a peculiar glassy substance, 
occurring after acute febrile attacks. Z.’s fluid, 
a hardening fluid of potassium dichromate, 2.5 
Gm.; sodium sulphate, i Gm.; mercuric chloride, 
5 Gm., and water, 100 Cc. Z.’s paralysis, paraly¬ 
sis of the lower extremities, involving principally 
the external popliteal nerve and due to frequent 
and long continued kneeling and squatting. Z.’s 
pulsion diverticulum, a diverticulum lying along 
the boundary of the upper pharynx and the 
oesophagus, 

ze-no'le um. A proprietary disinfectant, 
ze'o-scope. An instrument for determining the 
proportion of alcohol in liquids by means of their 
boiling points. [ < to boil + gkotteIv to view.] 
ze-po'ta gum, =Balata. 

zer-ech'tit. The leaves and flowers of Uhyce'a 
schim'peri, a composite plant of Abyssinia; tschu- 
king. 

ze'ro. That point of reference on a thermometer 
scale at which the graduation commences. The 
zero of R6aumur’s and of the Centigrade ther¬ 
mometer is the melting point of ice. The zero 
of Fahrenheit is the lowest temperature obtain¬ 
able by an ice*and=salt mixture. [It. zero cipher.] 
ze-rum'bet. The aromatic, bitter East Indian root 
of Cucur'ma zerum’het or C. zedoa'ria, having 
tonic and stimulant properties, and similar tr 
ginger, pv Zedoary. 




















































ZEST 


1104 


ZINCI 


zest. The oil contained in the rind of a lemon or 
an orange, 

zes-to-cau'sis. A variety of cauterization with 
heated steam, especially for treatment of the 
cervical canal, Atmocausis. [< boil¬ 

ing -f- Kdvaig burning.] fzes-to-cau'te-ry. 
zes-to-lu'si a. Bathing with hot water. [ < l^eardg 
boiling + ?iovetv to wash.] 

ZiehlsNeel'sen’s method. A method for staining 
tubercle bacilli consisting in floating a smeared 
coversglass preparation in carbolsfuchsin, heat¬ 
ing, washing, decolorizing, and counter^staining. 
Ziems'sen’s treatment. The hypodermic use of 
defibrinated blood in the treatment of anaemia, 
zig'zag tubule. ^Irregular tubule; urinif- 

EROUS TUBULES. 

zimb. ^ Pangonia brucei. 

Zim'mer-mann’s corpuscles. The blood*plates. 
Z.’s decoction, a cathartic decoction made from 
30 grs, of rhubarb, 240 grs. of potassium bitar¬ 
trate, 240 grs. of barley, 16 fl. ozs. of water, 
and enough syrup to sweeten it. Z.’s elemen¬ 
tary particles, small, irregular bodies contained 
in the blood, apparently masses derived from 
the breaking down of blood*plates or other 
elements. 

zi-moc'ca sponge. A fine quality of sponge, 
zimphen. Sodium meta*oxycyanocinnamate: used 
in dyspepsia, as it increases the flow of saliva and 
gastric juice. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (74 grs.), 
zinc. A bluishswhite metallic element; zincum*. 
^ZiNCi. At. wt., 64.9; sp. gr., 6.9 to 7.2; symb., 
Zn. Zinc and its salts are poisonous, and, when 
absorbed into the system, often produce a chronic 
poisoning resembling lead poisoning: antidotes 
are the alkaline carbonates, tannin, emetics, 
and stimulant. When melted and poured into 
water, zinc becomes granulated, forming the 
granulated zinc oi the B. P. Z. acetate = zinci 
ACETAS*. Z. borate, a white powder, ZnB^Oy-f 
7H2O, used as an antiseptic application. Z. 
borothymol iodide, antiseptin. Z. bromide = 
ZINCI BROMiDUM*. Z. carbouate, a compound, 
(ZnC03)2.3Zn(0H)2, used as a protective, like zinc 
oxide, Z. carbonate, precipitated = ZINCI carbo- 
NAS PR^ciPiTATUS*. Z. caustic, caustic composed 
of I part of zinc chloride and 3 parts of flour. Z. 
chloride = ZINCI chloridum*. Z. chlorosiodide, 
a mixture of zinc chloride and zinc iodide: used 
as a disinfectant and antiseptic. Nageli’s so¬ 
lution. Z. chrysophanate, a brownishsred pow¬ 
der used as a dressing for wounds. Z. colic, 
colic due to chronic zinc poisoning. Z. cyanide, a 
white, insoluble salt, Zn (CN)2, prepared by adding 
cautiously a recently Altered solution of potassium 
cyanide to a solution of zinc sulphate. It is em¬ 
ployed in chorea and epilepsy, and is said to be 
anthelmintic. Dose, o.oi to 0.03 Gm. to 4 gr.). 
Z. ferrocyanide, a white powder, Zn2FeCyg + 3H2- 
O, with properties similar to those of zinc cyanide. 
Dose, 0.065 to Gm. (i to 4 grs.), in pill. Z. 
iodide = ZINCI iodidum*. Z. lactate, a compound, 
Zn(C3H503)2-l-3H20, used in place of zinc oxide in 
epilepsy. Dose, 0.13 Gm. (2 grs.), increased to 
0.65 Gm. (10 grs.), three times a day. Z. mercuri- 
cyanide, a compound used as an antiseptic for 
wounds. Z. nitrate, a salt used sparingly in sur¬ 
gery as a caustic, in the form of either pencil or 
paste. Z. ointment = unguentum zinci oxidi*. 
Z. oleate = OLEATUM zinci. Z. oleostearate = 
ZINCI OLEOSTEARAS. Z. OXide = ZINCI OXIDUM*. 

Z. oxychloride, a compound of powdered zinc oxide 


and fluid zinc chloride, used as a dental filling. Z. 
permanganate,Zn(Mn04)2 -l- 2H2O: used as an anti¬ 
septic and nonsirritating antigonorrhoeic. Z. phe- 
nolsulphonate=ziNci 
PHENOLSULPHONAS*. Z. phos¬ 
phate, a salt, Zn3P208-f 2H2O, 
in the form of a white powder, 
insoluble in water, but soluble 
in acids. It has been employed 
in nervous diseases. It is use¬ 
ful in the insanity occurring 
in convalescence from fevers, 
and is a valuable remedy in 
the sweats of phthisis. Z. 
phosphide = zinci phosphi- 
DUM. Z. and potassium cya¬ 
nide, a compound, K2Zn(CN)4, 
used like zinc cyanide. Z. 
sozoiodolate, sozoiodolate. 

Z. subgallate, a compound of 
zinc and gallic acid, used ex¬ 
ternally as an astringent and 
antiseptic in eczema, gonor¬ 
rhoea, and wounds, and internally to check sw’eat- 
ing and as an intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 0.065 
to 0.25 Gm. (i to 4 grs.). Z. stearate = zinci 
STEARAS*. Z. sulphate = zinci sulphas*. Z. 
sulphocarbolate = ZINCI phenolsulphonas*. Z. 
tannate, a gray powder used as an astringent and 
antiseptic and externally as a specific in gonor¬ 
rhoea. Z. valerate or valerianate = zinci vale- 
RAS*. Z.swhite, an oxide of zinc, used as a pig¬ 
ment and as a substitute for white lead, to which 
it is preferred, because it is not so deleterious to 
those who work with it. 

zinc'ate. An unstable compound of zinc with an 
alkali, as Potassium z., K202Zn. 

zin'ci. The genitive of zincum*. Z. ace'tas*, “ zinc 
acetate,” a white, crystalline substance, Zn- 
(0311302)2 + 21120. It is used almost exclusively 
as a local remedy. It is employed as an astrin¬ 
gent collyrium in ophthalmia and as an injection 
in gonorrhoea after the acute stage in these affec¬ 
tions has passed. Dose, 0.125 (2 grs.). «- 

Oleatum zinci. Z. brom'idum*, “ zinc bro¬ 
mide,” a white, or nearly white, granular powder, 
ZnBr2, very deliquescent, odorless, having a 
sharp saline and metallic taste and a neutral re¬ 
action: used as an antispasmodic and nerve* 
sedative. Dose, 0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). Z. carbo'- 
nas praecipita'tus*, ‘‘ precipitated zinc carbonate,” 
a salt in the form of a white, impalpable powder, 
permanent in the air, odorless and tasteless, in¬ 
soluble in water or alcohol, but soluble in acids 
with copious effervescence. It is astringent, and 
is used only as an external application. s^-Un- 
GUENTUM CALAMINE. Z. chlot'idum*, ” zinc 
chloride,” a white, crystalline powder, or white, 
opaque pieces, ZnCl2, very deliquescent, odorless, 
having a very caustic saline and metallic taste 
and an acid reaction. It has been given inter¬ 
nally as an alterative and antispasmodic in 
chorea, epilepsy, and scrofula; but its chief use 
has been as an escharotic applied to cancerous 
affections and ulcers of an anomalous and intrac¬ 
table character. When thus used, it not only 
destroys the diseased structure, but excites a 
new action in the surrounding parts, Liquor 
ZINCI cHLORiDi*. Z. iod'idum*, ” zinc iodide,” a 
white, or nearly white, granular powder, Znl2> 
very deliquescent, odorless, having a sharp saline 
and metallic taste and an acid reaction. It has 



Zinc Lactate. 








ZTNCALISM 


1105 


ZOESCOPE 


been used as an external application, also as an 
astringent injection in gonorrhoea. Dose, 0.065 
Gm. (i gr.). Z. oleoste'aras (N. F.), an absorbent, 
antiseptic dusting powder made of about equal 
parts of zinc oleate and zinc stearate. Z. ox'idum*, 
“ zinc oxide,” a soft, palesyellowish, nearly white 
powder, ZnO, permanent in the air, odorless and 
tasteless, insoluble in water or alcohol, but soluble 
in acids without effervescence. This oxide is 
tonic, antispasmodic, and astringent, and has 
been given in chorea, epilepsy, whooping*cough, 
and spasm of the stomach dependent on dyspep¬ 
sia. It is used as a cosmetic, pigment, and ex¬ 
ternal application in skin diseases. i^Unguen- 
TUM ziNci oxiDi*; ziNc*WHiTE. Dose, 0.25 Gm. 
(4 grs.). Z. phenolsul'phonas*, “ zinc phenolsul- 
phonate,” Zn(CgHg04S)2 + SH^O; zinci sulpho- 
carbolas; zinc sulphocarbolate: used as an anti¬ 
septic and astringent. Dose, 0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). 
Z. phos'phidum, “ zinc phosphide,” the 1890 
U. S. P. name for a salt, ZnjPg, in minutely crys¬ 
talline, friable fragments, or a grayishsblack 
powder. It affects the system therapeutically 
exactly as phosphorus, and is often employed in 
medicine as a substitute for that element. Dose, 
0.004 to 0.02 Gm. to ^ gr.). Z. ste'aras*, 
“ zinc stearate,” an antiseptic dusting powder. 

Unguentum zinci stear.\tis*. Z. sul'phas*, 
“zinc sulphate,” or white vitriol, ZnS04-l-7H20. 
This salt is tonic, astringent, and, in large doses, 
a prompt emetic, producing some depression, and 
is used when it is desired simply to evacuate the 
stomach. As an astringent it is chiefly employed 
externally. Its solution constitutes a good styp¬ 
tic to bleeding surfaces, and is often employed as 
an injection in fluor albus and gonorrhoea. For¬ 
merly it was much used in epilepsy and chorea. 
For medicinal purposes only the crystallized salt 
should be used. Dose, 0.015 to 0.03 Gm. (J to ^ 
gr.); as an emetic, i Gm. (15 grs.); in collyria, 
the strength is 0.2%. Z. val'eras*, “zinc vale¬ 
rate,” the zinci valerianas of the 1890 U. S. P., 
-I- 2H2O, occurring in soft, white, 
pearly scales, permanent in the air, having a 
faint odor of valerianic acid, a sweet, afterward 
styptic and metallic taste, and an acid reaction: 
antispasmodic, and is useful in neuralgic and ner¬ 
vous affections. Dose, 0.125 Gm. (2 grs.). [L.] 
zin'ca-lism. Chronic zinc poisoning, 
zin'cic. Belonging to zinc, 
zin-cif'e-rous. Containing zinc, 
zin'coid. Resembling zinc: a term applied to the 
platinum (or other metallic) plate which is in 
connection with a copper plate in the voltaic 
circuit, and denoting the positive pole or positive 
electrode. The platinum plate is called zincoid 
because it takes the place of the zinc in the 
voltaic circuit. 

zin'co-py-rine. A double salt of zinc chloride and 
antipyrine. 

zin'cous element. The primary element of a binary 
compound. 

zin'cum*. i. Zinc. 2. The U. S. P. name for 
metallic zinc in the form of thin sheets, irregular 
granulated pieces, pencils, or powder. [L.] 
Zin'giber*, gen. zingib'eris. i. A genus of zin- 
giberaceous plants. 2. The U. S. P. name for the 
dried rhizome of Zin'giber officina'le; ginger; 
stimulant and carminative. Dose, i Gm. (15 
grs.). ^ Fluidextractum aromaticum*; fluid- 
EXTRACTUM ZINGIBERIS*; LIQUOR ZINGIBERIS; 
OLEORESINA ZINGIBERIS*; PULVIS AROMATICUS*', 

70 


PULVIS RHEI COMPOSITUS*; SYRUPUS ZINGIBERIS*', 
and TiNCTURA zingiberis*. Z. officina'le, the 
ginger*plant: called also Amo'mum zin'giber. It 
is a native of India, and is 
cultivated in the East and 
West Indies. It is used as 
a condiment, also a remedy 
for dyspepsia, flatulent colic, 
etc. [L., fr. ^iyyi( 3 epig ginger.] 
zin-gib'e-rin. = Oleoresina 
ZINGIBERIS*. 

zink. = Zinc. 

Zinn’s central artery. = Cen¬ 
tral ARTERY OF THE RETINA. 

Z.’s circlet or corona = circu- 

LUS ARTERIOSUS HALLERI. 

Z.’s ligament or ring, the an¬ 
nular ligament of origin com¬ 
mon to the recti muscles of 
the eye attached to the edge 
of the optic foramen and the 
inner part of the sphenoidal 
fissure; annulus zinni; tendon 
of Zinn; annulus tendineus 
communis [Zinni]*. Z.’s membrane, the anterior 
layer of the iris of the eye; the ectiris. Z.’s ten¬ 
don = Z.’s LIGAMENT. Z.’s zonule or zone, the 
annular series of fibres which pass from the ciliary 
body to the equator of the lens and serve as the 
suspensory apparatus; suspensory ligament of 
the lens; zone of Zinn; zonula ciliaris [Zinni]* 
[J. G. Zinn, German naturalist, 1727-1759.] 
zi'nol. =XiNOL. 

zir'con. A mineral composed of zirconia and silica, 
the clear red crystals of which are called hya^ 
cinths, and are used in jewelry, 
zir-co'ni a. The oxide of zirconium, 
zir-co'nium. The metallic base of the earth zir¬ 
conia, obtained chiefly from the mineral called 
zircon: at. wt., 89.8; symb., Zr. It resembles sili¬ 
con in chemical habitudes, and assumes several 
allotropic forms. The adamantoid zirconium has 
a specific gravity of 4.15, and is very brittle and 
hard. It resembles antimony in color, and is 
soluble in nitric acid and in hydrofluoric acid, 
fzir-co'nian; zir-con'ic. 

Zitt'mann’s decoction. = Decoctum sarsaparilla 

COMPOSITUM. 

Ziza'nia aquat'ica. The systematic name of wild 
rice, an American plant of the natural order 
Gramina'cece. The seeds are used as food. 
Ziz'yphus. A genus of rhamnaceous plants from 
which jujube paste is procured. Z. ju'juba, a 
tree, a native of India, which bears an excellent 
dessertsfruit and is cultivated by the Chinese. 
Z. vulga'ris, a shrub or small tree of the Mediter¬ 
ranean region, bearing a nutritive and demulcent 
fruit. The jujube of commerce, if not spurious, 
is the dried fruit of this species. 

Zn. The chemical symbol for zinc. 

Znak. A badge worn by medical men in Russia. 
[ID/. ’09.] 

zo-am'y-lin. = Glycogen. 

zo-an-thro'pi a, zo-an'thro-py. A kind of mono* 
mania in which the patient imagines he is an 
animal, fzo-an-throp'ic. 

Zoll'ner’s lines. An arrangement of parallel lines 
intersected by shorter parallel lines running in 
opposite directions at a certain angle and giving 
the longer lines the appearance of not being 
parallel: used in ocular testing, 
zo'e-scope. = Zoetrope. 



Zingiber. 


ZOETIC 


1106 


zoo- 


zo-et'ic. Relating to life. [ < life.] 
zo'e-trope. An apparatus consisting of a revolving 
cylinder having a series of pictures which pass 
across a succession of slits, giving the figures the 
appearance of motion; wheel of life; stroboscope; 
phenakistoscope. [< life + rpeTteiv to turn.] 
zo-i-at'ri-ca, zo-i-at'rics. Veterinary medicine, 
zo'ic. Relating to living beings or to animal life; 

characterized by the presence of life. [ < .] 

zo'i-din. =Glairin. 

zo-is'mu3. The process of animal life; zoism. [< 
^<pov animal.] fzo-is'tic. 
zom'i-din. A constituent of flesh extract, 
zo'mol. A proprietary preparation of musclesserum. 
zo-mo-ther'a-py. The treatment of tuberculosis by 
raw meat. [< meat*juice +therapy.] 

zo'na*. I. A zone or girdle, ts- Zonula. 2. The 
shingles, a popular term for herpes zoster. Z. 
al'ba, “ w'hite zone,” the thickening of the scle¬ 
rotic of the eye where the muscles are attached. 
Z. arcua'ta, the tunnel formed by the conjoined 
arches of Corti. Z. cartilagin'ea, ” cartilaginous 
zone”= CRISTA spiralis. Z. cilia'ris, ‘‘ciliary 
zone”; the ring of ciliary processes of the eye. 
Z. denticula'ta = LAMINA denticulata. Z. ex- 
ter'na, that portion of the basilar membrane 
which is external to the rods of Corti. Z. facia'- 
lis, herpes zoster of the face. Z. fascicula'ta, 
the middle and thickest layer of the cortical por¬ 
tion of the suprarenal body, composed of cylin¬ 
drical or columnar groups of polyhedral cells. Z. 
gangliona'ris, a mass of gray matter on the 
branches of the cochlear division of the auditory 
nerve. Z. glomerulo'sa, the outer layer of the 
cortical portion of a suprarenal body. Z. granu- 
lo'sa = DISCUS PROLiGERUs. Z. ig'nia, ‘‘fiery 
zone ”= HERPES ZOSTER. Z. incer'ta, the ante¬ 
rior portion of the reticular formation extending 
under the optic thalamus. Z. lae'vis = Z. arcu- 
ATA. Z. media'na = CRISTA spiralis. Z. mem- 
brana'cea, the basilar membrane. Z. mol'lis, the 
membranous spiral lamina. Z. ophthal'mica, her¬ 
pes zoster of the facial nerve. Z. orbicula'ris*, 
circular fibres on the capsule of the hip=joint. 
Z. os'sea = LAMINA SPIRALIS ossEA Z. pectina'- 
ta, the outer portion of the membrana basilaris, 
extending from the rods of Corti to the spiral 
ligament. Z. pellu'cida, ‘‘pellucid zone.” i. The 
distinct transparent radially striated envelope 
which surrounds the ovum outside the vitelline 
membrane. 2. Incorrectly, the vitelline mem¬ 
brane. Z. perfora'ta, the inner segment of the 
membrana basilaris. Z. radia'ta = Z. pellucida. 
Z. re'pens = HERPES zoster. Z. reticula'ris, the 
internal layer of the cortical portion of a supra¬ 
renal capsule. Z. serpigino'sa = herpes zoster. 
Z. spongio'sa, the posterior tip of the posterior 
horn of gray matter of the spinal cord. Z. tec'- 
ta, ‘‘covered zone,” the inner part of the mem¬ 
branous spiral lamina covered by the organ of 
Corti. Z. tendino'sa, a fibrous ring at the auric- 
uloventricular opening of the heart. Z. vasculo'- 
sa, the medullary portion of a graafian vesicle. 
[L. fr, ^u)vvvvaL to gird.] 

zon-aes-the'si a. Sensation as of a girdle constrict¬ 
ing the body or some part of it; girdlessensation. 
[< girdle, belt + sensation.] 

zo'nal. Relating to a zone. Z. necrosis, necrosis 
of hepatic cells occurring in minute scattered 
areas in welhdefined, usually lobular zones: asso- 
. dated with infectious diseases. Z. stra'tum = 

^ STRATUM ZONALE*. 


zo'na-ry placenta (z6'ng-rt). A placenta having the 
form of a broad band around the chorion, as in 
carnivorous animals. 

zo'nate, zoned. Marked with concentric bands of 
color ; applied to parts of plants, 
zone. A belt or girdle; zona*. For different vari¬ 
eties see the adjectives and zona*. Z. of Lis- 
sauer = Lissauer’s zone. Z. of Zinn = ZiNN’s 
ZONULE. [<. h. zo'na.] 
zo-nes-the'si a. = Zonlesthesia. 
zo'no-pla-cen'tal. Having a zonary placenta, 
zo’no-skel'e-tai. The combined shoulder and pel¬ 
vic girdles. 

zon'u-la. A small zone. Z. cilia'ris [Zin'ni]* = 
Zinn’s zonule. Z. os'sea = lamina spiralis 
OSSEA. Z. zin'ni = Zinn’s zonule. 
zon'u-lar cataract. Cataract in wdiich there are 
layers of opacity in the crystalline lens betw'een 
the cortex and the nucleus, alternating with 
transparent layers. Z. fibres, the conspicuous 
interlacing fibres of the zone of Zinn ; fihrae zonu- 
lares*. Z. spaces, the intercommunicating spaces 
between the fibres of the suspensory ligament of 
the lens; canal of Petit; spatia zonularia*. 
zon'ule. A little zone or girdle. Z. of Zinn = 
Zinn’s zonule. [< L. zon'ula dim. of zo'na zone.] 
zon-u-li'tis. Inflammation of Zinn’s zonule, 
zo'o-. Relating to or denoting an animal: a com¬ 
bining form. Phyto-. [ animal.] zo- 

bsam'y-lin = paramylum. — zo-o-bi-ol'o-gy, ani¬ 
mal biology. — zo-o-bi'o-tism, zo'o-bi-o-tis'mus, 
the condition of animals.— zo'd-blast, an animal 
cell.— zo-d-cam'bi um, the vital juices of animals, 
in which the blood=cells are formed; the liquor 
sanguinis. — zo-dch'e-my, zo-o-chem'is-try, ani¬ 
mal chemistry, or the chemical analysis of ani¬ 
mal substances, tzo-d-chem'ic, zo-d-chem'i-cal. 

— zo'o-cyst, a form of encysted rhizopods re¬ 
sembling a sporocyst, except in the number and 
thickness of the enveloping layers. G. ’07.]— 
zo-o-der'mic, denoting the skin of an animal, other 
than man; applied to a variety of skin=grafting.— 
zo-d-dy-nam'ics, zo‘d-dy-nam'i a, animal physiol¬ 
ogy. fzo'd-dy-nam'ic. — zo’d-e-ras'ti a, a form of 
sexual perversion seeking gratification with ani¬ 
mals.— zo-dg'e-nous, developed in or acquired 
from animals, as a Z. disease. — zo-dg'e-ny, zo-d- 
gen'e-sis, the generating of animals, or the doctrine 
of the formation of animals.— zo-d-ge-og'ra-phy, 
the science of the geographic distribution of ani¬ 
mals.— zo-d-gloe'a, a stage in the development of 
certain micro ^organisms, con.sisting of a colony of 
the organisms enclosed in a jellydike mass ; coc- 
cogloea. fzo-d-gloe'ic, as Z. tuberculosis = psev- 
dotuberculosis. — zo‘d-go-nol'o-gy, the doctrine 
of the origin and development of animal life.— 
zo-dg'o-ny, the bearing or producing of living 
young. Oviparous; viviparous, tzo-dg'o- 
nous. — zo'd-graft, a portion of tissue cut from a 
living animal and transplanted to supply a defi¬ 
cient part of the human body; zooplastic graft, 
tzo-d-graft'ing. — zo-dg'ra-phy, a description of 
animals.— zo'did. i. Resembling an animal. 2. 
Something that resembles an animal, as a sperma¬ 
tozoon.— zo'd-lite, zo'd-lith, any specimen or part 
of a fossil or petrified animal.— zo*d-li-thif'e-rous, 
containing fossil remains of animals.— zo-dl'o-gy, 
that branch of natural history which treats of ani¬ 
mals, their form, nature, and habits; the science of 
animals. Medical z., the science of drugs derived 
from animal sources, fzo-d-log'i-cal; zo-dl'o-gist. 

— zo-d-mag'ne-tism, animal magnetism.— zo'dn, 


zoo- 


1107 


ZYGOMATIC 


a word signifying an animal or a living being, 
tzo'o-nal.— zo-on'ic acid, impure acetic acid dis¬ 
tilled from animal matter.— zo'o-nite, a'cerebro¬ 
spinal metamere. Dl. ’o6.]—zo-on'o-my, the 
science which treats of the laws of animal organic 
life, or the laws which govern the organic actions of 
animals.— zo-o-no'sis, a disease in man produced 
by infection from some of the lower animals or by 
animal poisons, fzo-o-not'ic.— zo-o-no-sol'o-gy, 
the science of the diseases of animals.— zo-o-par'- 
a-site, an animal parasite, fzo-o-par-a-sit'ic.— 
zo'o-pa-thol'o-gy, animal pathology; veterinary 
medicine.— zo-op'a-thy, the science of animal dis¬ 
eases and their treatment.— zo-dp'e-ry, the per¬ 
forming of experiments on animals, tzo-op'e-ral. 

— zo-dph'a-gous, living on animal food; carnivo¬ 
rous.— zo-d-phar'ma-cy, veterinary pharmacy.— 
zo-dph'i-lism, fondness for animals; opposition to 
vivisection. Z. erot'ica, the exciting of sexual 
desire by caressing animals, tzo'o-phile.— zo-o- 
pho'bi a, insane 
fear of certain 
animals. — zo- 
oph-thal'mus, 

BUPHTHAL- 

mia;hydroph- 
T H A L M 1 A .- 

zo*o-phys-i-ol'- 
o-gy, animal 
physiology. — 
zo'd-phyte, a 
colony of ani¬ 
mals, resem¬ 
bling a plant, 
tzo'd-phy-tog'- 
ra-phy, a de¬ 
scription of 
zoophytes. 
zo*o-phy-tol'o- 
gy, a treatise 
on zoophytes; 
the science of Zoophyte. — Catenicel'la hasta’ta. 
zoophytes.— 

zo'o-plas-ty, the transplantation of pieces of tis¬ 
sue from an animal to a human body, fzo-o- 
plas'tic, as Z. gra/^ = zoograft. — zo*o-pre-cip'i- 
tin, a specific precipitin made by injecting pro- 
teids of an animal nature into animals.— zo-op'- 
si a, the seeing of animals as an insane halluci¬ 
nation.— zo-o-psy-chol'o-gy, the doctrine of the 
existence of mind in brute animals. — zo-o-pur'- 
pu-rin, a pigment obtained from certain protozoa. 
[^[7. M. ’05.] — zo-os'co-py = ZOOPSIA, f zo-o- 
scop'ic.— zo-os-mo'sis, the transfusion of living 
protoplasm from the blood-vessels to the tissues. 

— zo'o-sperm = spermatozoon. fzo’o-sper-mat'- 
ic.— zo'o-spore, one of the spores or spermatozoids 
of certain micro-organisms: so named because 
they possess the power of spontaneous motion, 
thus resembling animals. Lacerda’s z., an organ¬ 
ism claimed by J. B. de Lacerda to be the germ 
of yellow fever. It has also been found by the 
French and American Commissions but both 
deny its etiological importance. [*[[/• A. M. A. 
j. ’07.]—zo-o-tech'nics, the art of raising domes¬ 
tic animals for purposes of industrial agriculture. 

■— zo-ot'o-my, dissection of the lower animals, as 
distinguished from the dissection of man; also 
the anatomy of animals, fzo-o-tom'ic. zo-dt'- 
o-mist. — zo-d-tox'in, toxin. — zo-d-troph'ic, 
relating to the nutrition of animals.— zo-d-troph- 
o-tox-is'mus, zo*d-troph-o-tox'ism, poisoning with 


infected animal foods, i. e., those in which 
ptomaines have been formed. Z. exanthemat'- 
icus, a form marked by a diffuse erythematous 
or scarlatinous eruption, usually due to infected 
fish, oysters, etc. Z. gas'tricus or intestina'lis, a 
form marked by diarrhoea, fever, collapse, and 
cyanosis, usually due to vitiated meat, milk, or 
cheese, Tyrotoxism. Z. paralyt'icus, a vari¬ 
ety marked by general paralysis, with psychic ex¬ 
citation, and frequently fatal, due to mussels and 
certain tropical fishes. ^ Mytilotoxismus. Z. 
tropein'icus, a variety marked by dryness of the 
skin, ptosis, mydriasis, etc., from sausages or fish. 

Allantiasis; ptomatropism. 
zoo'lak. A proprietary variety of matzoon. 
zo-pho'des. Dark-colored. [< ^ 6 <po^ darkness -|- 
eUhg form.] 

zo-pis'sa. The tar and pitch scraped from the sides 
of a ship: formerly used as a discutient. 
zos'ter. An herpetic eruption which extends round 
the body like a zone or girdle ; herpes zoster. 
Z. auricula'ris, herpes zoster attacking the ear. 
Z. brachia'lis, herpes zoster of the arm and fore¬ 
arm. Z. hyster'icus, an eruption like that of zos¬ 
ter, due to hysteria. Z. ophthal'micus, an her¬ 
petic eruption along the course of the ophthalmic 
branch of the fifth nerve. [ < l^cjvvvvai to gird.] 
fzos'ter-ic; zos-ter'i-form; zos'te-roid. 

Zouchlos’s test (tsuCH'los-fz), Any one of three 
tests for albumin in the urine, consisting in the 
formation of a precipitate on the addition of (a) 

I part of acetic acid and 6 parts of a 1% solu¬ 
tion of mercuric chloride, or (b) 100 parts of a 
10% solution of potassium sulphocyanide and 20 
parts of acetic acid, or (c) equal parts of succin¬ 
ic acid and potassium sulphocyanide. 

Zr. The chemical symbol for zirconium. * 
Zuck'er-guss-le-ber. = Perihepatitis chronica 
HYPERPLASTiCA, [Ger., “ icing Hver.”] 
Zuckerkandl’s convolution (tsuc'er-can-dlz). = 
Subcallosal convolution. Z.’s body or organ, 
a structure similar to the carotid and coccygeal 
glands at the root of the superior mesenteric 
artery. Z.’s vein, an ethmoid vein uniting the 
veins of the nose with those of the brain. [T[ Gt, 

’09] 

zu'mic acid. = Lactic acid. 
zu'moid. =Zymoid. 
zu-mol'o-gy. = Zymology. 

Zygad'erus. A genus of liliaceous plants of th< 
United States, several species of which, as Z 
nuttal'li, are poisonous and produce convulsions 
zy'gal fissure. A fissure which consists of two poi 
tions connected by a third portion (zygon). 
zy-ga-poph'y-sis. One of the upper or lower paii ^ 
of articular processes of a vertebra by which it 
is connected with the adjoining vertebrae. [< 
l^vyog yoke or junction -f- offshoot.] fzy* 

ga-po-phys'i al. 

zyg'i on. A craniometrical point situated at eithj 
end of the greatest bizygomatic cranial diamete . 
zy'go-cyte. A fertilized parasite. Malaria. 
zygo-la-bi-a'lis. The zygomaticus minor muscle 
zy-go'ma. i. = Malar bone. 2. = ZygomatiC 
arch. [< l^vyo)jua zygomatic arch.] 
zy-go-mat'ic. Belonging to the zygoma. Z. apopu- 
ysis = ZYGOMATIC PROCESS. Z. arch, the bo.iy 
arch which connects the malar bone with t e, 
squamous portion of the temporal bone and <n- 
closes the temporal muscle; arcus zygomaticus* ^ 
Z. bone = MALAR bone. Z. canals or forami: 
two canals in the malar bone, transmitting sit - 



ZYGOMATICO- 


1108 


ZYMURGY 


branches of the superior maxillary nerve: one, 
the zygomaticofacial {foramen zygomaticofacialis*), 
extends between the orbital and anterior sur¬ 
faces; the other, the zygomaticotemporal {foramen 
zygomaticotemporale*) , extends between the orbi¬ 
tal and temporal surfaces. Z. crest, that edge of 
the great wing of the sphenoid which articulates 
with the malar bone; malar crest. Z. diameter, 
the maximum diameter of the skull between the 
zygomatic arches. Z. fossa, a cavity below and 
on the inner side of the zygoma, bounded in 
front by the zygomatic surface of the maxilla; 
above by the lower part of the great wing of the 
sphenoid and by a small part of the squamous 
portion of the temporal; internally by the ex¬ 
ternal pterygoid plate of the sphenoid; externally 
by the zygomatic arch and the ramus of the 
jaw; posteriorly by a line drawn from the 
foramen spinosum to the zygomatic tubercle. Z. 
glands, lymphsglands situated along the path of 
the internal maxillary artery. Z. muscle, ^ 
ZYGOMATicus. Z. proccss, a thin, narrow pro¬ 
jection of bone bounding the squamous portion 
of the temporal bone at its base; processus 
zygomaticus*. Z. spaces = spatia zonularia*. 
Z. suture, a suture between the zygomatic process 
of the superior maxilla and the temporal bone. 
Z. tubercle or tuberosity, i. A tuberosity on 
the superior maxillary bone articulating with the 
malar bone. 2. A protuberance on the lower 
margin of the root of the zygomatic process of 
the temporal bone. 

zy-go-mat'i-co-. Relating to the zygoma: a com¬ 
bining form. zy-go-mat*i-cosau-ric-u-la'ris, the 
attrahens auris muscle.— zy-go-mat'i-co-fa'ci al, 
relating to the zygoma and the face, as Z. canal 
or foramen, ts* zygomatic canals.— zy-go-mat*i- 
cosor'bi-tal, relating to the zygoma and the orbit, 
as Z. artery, the orbital branch of the temporal 
artery, and Z. /oram^w = temporomalar canal. 
— zy-go-mat*i-co-sphe'noid, relating to the zygo¬ 
ma and the sphenoid, as Z. fissure, a fissure or 
space between the orbital surface of the great 
wing of the sphenoid bone and the malar bone.— 
zy-go-mat'i-co-tem'po-ral, relating to the zygo¬ 
ma and the temporal bone, as Z. canal or fora¬ 
men, ZYGOMATIC CANALS. 

2y-go-mat'i-cus. One of several muscles connected 
with the zygoma. Z. auricula'ris, the attrahens 
auris muscle. Z. ma'jor, a muscle arising from 
the cheek bone and inserted into the angle of the 
mouth; M. zygomaticus*. Z. mi'nor, a muscle 
arising from the cheek bone (a little higher up 
than the preceding) and inserted into the upper 
lip near the angle of the mouth. It is often 
wanting. This muscle and the preceding raise 
the angles of the mouth, as in laughter; hence 
the term distortor oris (“ distorter of the mouth”) 
has been applied to them. 

zy-gom'a-tosau-ric-u-la'ris. The attrahens auris 
muscle. 

zy-go-max-il-la're or zy-go-max'il-la-ry point. A 

craniometrical point at the lower end of the zy¬ 
gomatic suture. 

zygo-my-ce'tes. A group of hypomycetic fungi. 

zy'gon. =Zygal fissure. 

zy'go-ueure. A nervescell connecting other cells; 
a commissural cell. [< C,vy 6 v yoke-yveipov nerve.] 

zy'go-spore. i. A new rounded mass of protoplasm 

\ surrounded by a thick stratified celbwall. 2. A 
spore formed by the conjugation of two different 
hyphae of moulds, as in certain species of Mucor. 


zy'gote. I. = Sporoblast, def. 2. 2. = Zygospore. 
zy'go-to-blast. Any germ originating in a zygote, 
zy'le-nin. =Xylenin. 

zy'lo-nite. A material resembling celluloid, and 
used in the same ways. [< ivAov wood.] 
zy'mase. = Enzyme. [< leaven.] 
zy'ma-sis. The expression of the active element of 
yeast by means of hydraulic pressure, 
zyme. i. A ferment. 2. A morbific ferment or 
germ which causes zymotic disease. [< (vpv 
leaven.] fzy'mic, as Z. acid, impure lactic acid, 
zy'min. i. Extract of ox’s pancreas: used in dia¬ 
betes mellitus. 2. = Pancreatinum* 3. A pro¬ 
prietary antigonorrhoeic of prepared yeast. 4. 
An enzyme, 
zy'mine. = Zyme. 

zy'min-ized. A term applied to milk which has un¬ 
dergone a fermentative peptonization, 
zy'mo-. Relating to fermentation or yeast: a com¬ 
bining form. [< yeast.] zy'mo-cide, a pro¬ 
prietary disinfectant.— zy'mo-gen, a substance 
which may give rise to a ferment, each zymo¬ 
gen being named from the ferment which it pro¬ 
duces, as trypsinogen from trypsin. j-zy-mo- 
gen'ic. — zy'mo-gene, a micro=organism causing 
fermentation. — zymo-hy-drol'y-sis, hydrolysis 
from the cleavage action of enzymes.— zy'moid, 
resembling a ferment. — zy-moi'din, a proprie¬ 
tary article said to contain the oxides of al¬ 
uminium, bismuth and zinc; boric, salicylic, 
gallic and carbolic acids; quinine and iodine.— 
zy-mo-lit'ic = ZYMOTIC. — zy-mol'o-gy, a treatise 
on fermentation; the science of fermentation, 
tzy-mo-logfic. — zy-mol'y-sis. i. Fermentation. 
2. Digestion by an enzyme, fzy-mo-lyt'ic. — zy- 
mo'ma, leaven; a ferment.— zy-mom'e-ter = zy- 
MosiOMETER. — zy'mo-phore group, the agglutinin 
which causes clumping. i^Toxophore; Widal’s 
REACTION, tzy-mo-pho'ric, zy-moph'o-rous.— 
zy'mo-phyte, a bacterium causing fermentation. 
— zy-mo-plas'tic, forming ferments, as Z. sub¬ 
stance = thrombokinase. — zy'mo-scope, an in¬ 
strument for measuring the fermenting power 
of yeast.— zy'mose = invertin. — zymo-si-om'- 
e-ter, zy-mo-sim'e-ter, an instrument for measur¬ 
ing fermentative processes.— zy-mo'sis. i. Fer¬ 
mentation. 2. The propagation and develop¬ 
ment of an infectious disease regarded as a 
process similar to fermentation. 3. An in¬ 
fectious disease. ^Toxophore. Z. gas'trica, 
a condition in which organic acids occur in the 
stomach due to the growth, sporulation, and 
budding of yeast. fzy-niot'ic, as Z. disease, 
a disease whose origin and development are 
due to the zymotic action of germs introduced 
into the body from without, as malaria, small¬ 
pox, and typhoid fever. Z. papilloma— T'Rh'iA- 
bcesia: Z. principle, the infective element by 
which the propagation of a zymotic disease is 
carried on: and Z. theory, the theory that cer¬ 
tain diseases are produced by poisonous princi¬ 
ples acting as ferments.— zy-mo'toid, a proprie¬ 
tary preparation containing sulphur, nitre, cin¬ 
namon, boric acid, etc., used externally and 
internally for affections of the skin and mucous 
membrane.— zy-mo-tox'ic group, a term used in 
the sideschain theory to denote the haemolytic 
action of the haptophore group, 
zy'mur-gy. That branch of chemistry wljich deals 
with the processes of fermentation, especially as 
commercially applied in brewing, distilling, and 
winesmaking. [< Ifvprj leaven -f epyov work.] 




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